Agam aur Tripitak Ek Anushilan Part 1

Author(s): Nagrajmuni
Publisher: Concept Publishing Company
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002621/1

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Agama aura tripiTaka [k 3nuhlin khaNDa:1 itihAsa aura paramparA rASTrasanta munizrInagarAjajIDI.liTa. 2010_05

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Anuvrat Paramarshaka Muni Nagarajaji has shown me the pageproofs of the first volume of his work entitled "Agama Aura Triipitaka : Eka Anus ilana." The subject is one of great interest and importance. From what I have seen and what the Muni has told me about his plan for the entire work, his method of handling the material, his attitude towards his subject and his approach to his task, I expect the completed study to contain the vast amount of new and independent scholarship. As far as my own information goes, this is the first attempt by an adherent to either of the great faiths being treated to compare them in a thorough way. What is even more promising in my view is that the Muni speaks of both Jainism and Buddhism in a manner that promises objectivity in his study as well as exactitude and balanced judgement. -Dr. W.Norman Brown Professor Emeritus of Sanskrit, University of Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Bombay. February 8,1969 Rs. 300 $ 60 TUSE my w alaallinnaorg

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana ____ 2010_05

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aAgama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana (khaNDa-1 : itihAsa aura paramparA) lekhaka: rASTrasanta munizrI nagarAjajI DI0 liTa brahmarSi, yoga ziromaNi, sadbhAvanA ratna bhUmikA : DaoN. e. ena0 upAdhye, ema0 e0, DI0 liTa0 __ DIna, kalAsaMkAya, kolhApura vizvavidyAlaya (adhyakSa : akhila bhAratIya prAcyavidyA sammelana, alIgar3ha, 1967) eka avalokana: DaoN0 paM0 sukhalAlajI saMghavI, DI0 liT0 bhUtapUrva prAdhyApaka, banArasa hindU vizvavidyAlaya sampAdaka: muni zrI mahendrakumArajI 'prathama' muni zrI mahendrakumArajI 'dvitIya', bI0 esa-sI0 (oNnarsa) prakAzaka: kaoNnsepTa pabliziMga kampanI eca-13, bAlI nagara, naI dillI-110015 ____ 2010_05

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prakAzaka : nauraMga rAya kaoNnsepTa pabliziMga kampanI eca-13, bAlI nagara naI dillI- 110015 ( bhArata ) prUpha - saMzodhana va sAja-sajjA rAmacandra sArasvata prathama saMskaraNa : 31 mArca 1966 dvitIya saMzodhita saMskaraNa : jUna 1687 mUlya : 300 rupaye mudraka : zuklA priMTiMga sarvisa, maujapura, dillI- 53 2010_05

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AGAMA AUR TRIPITAKA: EKA ANUSILANA (A Critical Study of the Jaina and the Buddhist Canonical Literature) (VOLUME 1: HISTORY & TRADIT By RASHTRASANT MUNI SHRI NAGRAJJI, D. Litt. Brahmrishi, Yog Shiromani, Sadbhavna Ratna Preface by Dr. A. N. Upadhye, M.A., D. Litt., Dean, Faculty of Arts, University of Kolhapur and Chairman : All India Oriental Conference, Aligarh, 1967 A Review by Dr. Pt. Sukhalalji, D. Litt. Formerly Professor of Jaina Philosophy, Banaras Hindu University Edited by Muni Shri Mahendra Kumarji Pratham" Muni Shri Mahendra Kumarji "Dviteeya", B. Sc. (Hons.) Published by CONCEPT PUBLISHING COMPANY H-13, Bali Nagar New Delhi-110015 2010_05

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Foreword Muni Shri Nagarajaji is a well-known author. He possesses a first hand knowledge of Jainism and of the Jaina way of life. He has a scholarly temper and an earnest desire to widen the horizon of his studies and the boundaries of his knowledge. He passionately pursues the Anuvrata ideology with a view to making it intelligible to others, in comparison with modern ideas as well as in the back-ground of Jainism. He is one of those few authors who have tried to study Jain concepts in the light of modern science. Shri Nagarajaji's present work Agama aur Tripitaka: Eka Anusilana (in Hindi) is, as indicated by its title, an exhaustive study of the Agama, also known as Ganipitaka, of the Jainas and the Tripitaka of the Buddhists, putting together some common topics on which our attention is being focussed, Buddha and Mahavira have been great contemporaries; and, as the Tripitaka reveals, there were other teachers in that as such as Purna Kasyapa, Makkhali Gosala, Ajitakesa Kambala, Prakudha Katyayana and Samjaya belattha Putra. The Jain canon also gives a few details about them. Gosala was a remarkable saint of that age; but, unluckily, his doctrines have not come down to us by themselves. We do not possess any scriptures of the Ajivaka system: all that we know about it is from the Jaina and Buddhist sources. Muni Shri Nagarajaji gives exhaustive details about these teachers and their tenets. It is well-known that there is plenty of disparate evidence and conflicting traditional information as well as a plethora of controversy amongst scholars about the dates of the Nirvana of Buddha and Mahavira. Shri Nagarajaji has surveyed, in this respect, all the accessible material and different traditions, specifying dully the sources etc., and his conclusion that Mahavira attained Nirvana in 527 B.C. and Buddha in 502 B.C. seems to be quite consistent in itself. Then he presents the lives of Mahavira and Buddha in their various aspects and 2010_05

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viii Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [mus : in exhaustive details. Biographies of their eminent pupils are succinctly given and quite welcome light is shed on contemporary kings like Srenika Bimbisara, Kunika, Chandra Pradyota, Prasenajit, Chetaka and others. He has significantly reviewed important topics, doctrinal as well as moral, connected with Jainism and Buddhism as available in the canons. In fine, this work has become a veritable respositary of useful information on Mahavira and Buddha, their times and doctrines. The appendix gives some useful extracts from the Tripitaka for ready reference. Muni Shri Nagarajaji has earned our gratitude by presenting his study in such a through manner. Our thanks are also due to publishers who have neatly brought out this volume. Dhavala Kolhapur-1 16-11-67 A. N. Upadhye (Dean, Faculty of Arts, University of Kolhapur) 2010_05

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prakAzakIya rASTrasaMta munizrI nagarAjajI DI. liTa. antarrASTrIya khyAti ke saMta evaM sAhityakAra haiN| unakA jIvanadarzana yahI hai ki saba dharma mere haiM tathA maiM saba dharmoM kA huuN| yaha Adarza unakI apanI dhAraNA taka hI sImita nahIM hai| prAyaH sabhI dharmoM ke loga unheM apanA hI dharma guru samajhate haiM tathA ve saba dharmoM ko apanA hI dharma samajhate haiN| ' yahI kAraNa hai ki unheM eka jaina guru hote hue bhI DI. liTa. brahmarSi, yoga ziromaNi, rASTrasaMta, Adi gaurava pUrNa upAdhiyAM vibhinna vargoM va kSetroM se milI haiN| kahanA cAhie ki ve eka mukta cintaMka haiM tathA sampradAya va paMtha kI saMkIrNa galiyoM se pAra hokara dharma, itihAsa va darzana ke mukta Ayatana meM pahuMca cuke haiM / hamArI kaoNnsapTa pabliziMga kampanI kA saubhAgya hai ki hameM unake isa gaurava pUrNa graMtha ke prakAzana kA saubhAgya mila rahA hai| munizrI kI isa mahatI kRpA ke lie unake hama parama AbhArI haiM / munizrI ke pacAsa se adhika graMtha aba taka prakAzita ho cuke haiM, jinakI sAhityika jagat meM apratima garimA hai| munizrI ke Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa eka kA prakAzana kara hama apane Apa ko gauravAnvita mAnate haiN| kaoNnsapTa pabliziMga kampanI aMgrejI mukhyataH jo graMthoM kA hI prakAzana karatI hai aura apanI lAina meM usakA apanA kIrtimAna hai| dhArmika va sAMskRtika graMthoM kA prakAzana hama mukhyataH sevA bhAvanA se hI karate haiN| vaha hamArA vyavasAya kA tathA usase lAbha arjita karane kA viSaya nahIM hotaa| hamArA lakSya hai, jIvana meM svArtha ke sAtha paramArtha kA bhI kucha sadhatA rhe| astu, isa dRSTi se hI hamane isa graMtha kA mUlya vyAvasAyika stara kA nahIM rakhA hai| nivedaka 1 jUna 1987 dillI nauraMga rAya saMcAlaka, kaoNnsepTa pabliziMga kampanI 2010_05

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prastAvanA-dvitIya saMskaraNa "Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana" graMtha kA prathama saMskaraNa san 1966 meM huA thA / graMtha kAphI paThanIya va carcanIya rhaa| usa para DI. liT0 kI mAnada upAdhi bhI mila cukI thI / aneka vizvavidyAlayoM ke pAThyakrama meM bhI vaha nirdhArita ho cukA thA; ataH vaha saMskaraNa kucha hI samaya meM aprApya ho gyaa| hamArI saMghIya va sAmAjika sthitiyoM ke parivartana se usake dUsare saMskaraNa ke prakAzana para dhyAna nahIM diyA gyaa| pratyut dvitIya khaNDa ke prakAzana aura tRtIya khaNDa ke lekhana para vizeSataH dhyAna diyA gayA / ukta avadhi meM donoM khaNDa likha bhI lie gae tathA dvitIya khaNDa prakAzita hokara sva0 pradhAnamaMtrI zrImatI iMdirA gAMdhI dvArA vimocita bhI ho gyaa| astu, isase prathama khaNDa ke dvitIya saMskaraNa kI mAMga sarva sAdhAraNa meM aura bar3ha gii| saMyoga kI bAta hai ki 30 disambara 1986 ko abhI-abhI prathama khaNDa ke aMgrejI saMskaraNa kA vimocana rASTrapati jJAnI jailasiMha jI ke hAthoM huA hai aura tatkAla hI aba prathama khaNDa kA dvitIya hindI saMskaraNa pAThakoM ke hAthoM meM A rahA hai| yaha saMskaraNa munizrI mahendra kumArajI 'prathama' va 'dvitIya' dvArA saMpAdaka kI haisiyata se saMzodhita va saMvardhita bhI hai| prathama saMskaraNa kI apekSA isameM pAThakoM ko parimAjita sAmagrI va navIna sAmagrI bhI kucha par3hane va jAnane ko milegii| abhiniSkramaNa ke pazcAt bhI merA sAhitya kArya abAdha gati se cala rahA hai, usakA mukhya zreya 'zramaNaratna' agragaNya munizrI mAnamalajI ko hai| ve samaSTi kA samasta dAyitva bhalI-bhAMti nibhA rahe haiM; ataH maiM apane sAhitya kArya ke lie bahuta kucha mukta raha jAtA huuN| / prastuta saMskaraNa ke prakAzana kA dAyitva kaoNnsepTa pabliziMga kampanI ke saMcAlaka zrI nauraMga rAya jI ne uThAyA hai| unakI kArya-niSThA va vacana-baddhatA vilakSaNa hai| ve jisa kArya ko uThA lete haiM, use ho gayA hI samajhA jA sakatA hai| ye ve hI nauraMga rAyajI haiM, jinhoMne kevala tIna saptAha meM abhidhAna rAjendra zabdakoSa ke sAta vizAla khaNDa punarmudrita karA ke eka kIrtimAna sthApita kara diyA thaa| mere prastuta graMtha ke lie bhI unhoMne bIr3A uThAyA, yaha mere lie prasannatA evaM garva kI bAta hai| unake lie sahasrazaH AzIrvAda mere hRdaya meM svataH prasphuTita ho rahe haiN| 6 mArca, 1987 dillI muni nagarAja ____ 2010_05 2010_05

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bhUmikA muni zrI nagarAjajI eka suvikhyAta lekhaka haiN| jaina darzana aura jaina AcAra kA unakA apanA maulika jJAna hai / unakI vidvatA svabhAva-siddha hai| unameM apane adhyayana aura jJAna ke kSitija ko vistRta karane kI prabala utkaNThA hai| jaina darzana kI pRSThabhUmi meM va Adhunika vicAra-praNAliyoM ke sandarbha meM aNuvrata-jIvana-darzana ko jana-jana ke lie buddhigamya banAne ke lie ve utkaTa rUpa se prayatnazIla haiN| Apa una virala lekhakoM meM se eka haiM, jinhoMne jaina vicAra kA Adhunika vijJAna ke Aloka meM adhyayana kiyA hai| jaise ki zIrSaka se sUcita hotA hai, muni zrI nagarAjajI kA prastuta grantha "Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana" jaina AgamoM arthAt gaNipiTakoM tathA bauddha tripiTakoM ke eka sarvAGgINa adhyayana ke rUpa meM hai / isameM donoM paramparAoM ke samAna viSayoM kI tulanA ke dvArA hamArA dhyAna kendrita kiyA gayA hai| buddha aura mahAvIra do mahAn samasAmayika vyakti the / usa yuga meM pUraNa kAzyapa, makkhalI gozAla, ajita kezakambalI, prakrudha kAtyAyana, saMjaya velaTThiputra ; ye anya bhI dharmapravartaka the, aisA tripiTaka batAte haiN| jaina zAstra bhI unake viSaya meM kucha avagati dete haiM / gozAlaka usa yuga ke eka ullekhanIya dharmanAyaka the| kintu, durbhAgya se unakI mAnyatAe~ pratyakSataH hamAre taka nahIM pahuMca rahI haiN| vartamAna yuga meM AjIvaka sampradAya kA koI bhI dharma-zAstra upalabdha nahIM hai| isa sambandha meM hama jo kucha jAnate haiM, vaha jaina aura bauddha zAstroM para hI AdhArita hai| muni zrI nagarAjajI ina dharmapravartakoM tathA unake siddhAntoM ke viSaya meM paripUrNa jAnakArI dete haiN| yaha eka suvidita tathya hai ki mahAvIra aura buddha ke nirvANa-kAla ke viSaya meM bahuta sAre paraspara virodhI pramANa upalabdha hote haiM tathA isa viSaya meM aneka vivAdapUrNa pArasparika mAnyatAe~ pracalita haiN| vidvAnoM meM bhI isa viSaya para atyadhika matabheda hai| muni zrI nagarAjajI ne isa sambandha meM upalabdha samagra sAmagrI kA evaM vibhinna paramparAoM kA sarvekSaNa kiyA hai| unhoMne inake mUlabhUta udgama Adi ke viSaya meM bhI yathocita rUpa se spaSTatA kI hai| unakA nirNaya hai ki mahAvIra 527 I0 pU0 meM tathA buddha 502 I0 pU0 meM nirvANa-prApta hue the| prastuta nirNaya apane Apa meM saba prakAra saMgata lagatA hai| Age unhoMne mahAvIra aura buddha ke jIvana-sambandhI vibhinna pahaluoM para vistRta evaM sarvAGgINa prakAza DAlA hai| tadanantara donoM ke pramukha ziSya-ziSyAoM kI saMkSipta jIvanI dI gaI hai| isake bAda mahAvIra aura buddha ke samakAlIna rAjA; jaise zreNika bimbisAra, kUNika, caNDapradyota, prasenajit, ceTaka Adi para bahuta hI zlAghanIya prakAza DAlA gayA hai / agale prakaraNoM meM zAstroM meM upalabdha ____ 2010_05

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xiv Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 hone vAle jaina dharma aura bauddha dharma se sambandhita siddhAnta-viSayaka evaM AcAra-viSayaka mahattvapUrNa praznoM para atyanta sAragarbhita samIkSA kI gaI hai| thor3e meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha grantha mahAvIra aura buddha evaM unake yuga va siddhAntoM kI upayogI sUcanAoM kA vastutaH hI eka bharA-pUrA bhaNDAra hai| grantha ke pariziSTa meM tripiTakoM ke kucha pATha tAtkAlika sulabhatA kI dRSTi se diye gaye haiN| ____ muni zrI nagarAjajI ne apane adhyayana ko isa prakAra paripUrNa rUpa meM prastuta kara hameM kRtajJa kiyA hai / grantha kI svacchatA va zAlInatA ke lie prakAzaka bhI hamArI badhAI ke pAtra haiN| dhavalA kolhApura-1 16-11-1967 e0 ena0 upAdhye (adhyakSa, kalA-saMkAya, kolhApura vizvavidyAlaya) 2010_05

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eka avalokana muni zrI nagarAjajI dvArA likhita 'Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana' grantha kA zravaNa kara maiM bahuta prabhAvita huA huuN| muni zrI ne tripiTaka-sAhitya ke jitane avataraNoM kA avalokana va saMkalana kiyA hai, vaha bahuta zramasAdhya evaM apUrva hai| grantha bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa evaM upayogI bana pAyA hai| grantha meM cacita aneka pahaluoM para svataMtra nibandha likhe jA sakate haiM, aisA maiMne muni zrI ko sujhAyA bhI hai| jaina aura bauddha paramparA kA tulanAtmaka anuzIlana eka vyApaka viSaya hai| isa dizA meM vibhinna lekhakoM dvArA pahale bhI sphuTa rUpa se likhA jAtA rahA hai| muni zrI ne tIna khaNDoM kI parikalpanA se isa kArya ko uThAyA hai, yaha apane-Apa meM prathama hai| isa grantha kA pArAyaNa mere samakSa lagabhaga tIna saptAha claa| isa sandarbha meM muni zrI nagarAjajI evaM muni zrI mahendrakumAra jI 'dvitIya' se sambandhita pahaluoM para vistRta carcA bhI hotI rahI / maiM unake mUla-sparzI adhyayana evaM taTastha cintana se bhI prasanna huaa| 'itihAsa aura paramparA' khaNDa ke zravaNa se mere mana meM jina vicAroM kA udbhava huA tathA jo dhAraNAe~ banIM, ve saMkSepa meM isa prakAra haiM bhAratIya saMskRti kI brAhmaNa aura zramaNa; ina do dhArAoM meM anekavidha bhinnatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| brAhmaNa saMskRti meM jahA~ hiMsAmaya yajJa Adi kriyAkANDa, bhASA-zuddhi, maMtra-zuddhi Adi ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai, vahAM ye sabhI pahalU zramaNa-saMskRti meM gauNa rahe haiN| jaina aura bauddha-zramaNa-saMskRti kI ina donoM dhArAoM meM isa dRSTi se bahuta abhinnatA pAI jAtI hai| ina donoM meM vedoM kI apauruSeyatA ko cunautI dI gaI hai tathA jAtivAda kI tAttvikatA amAnya rahI hai| mukhyataH pradhAnatA saMyama, dhyAna Adi ko dI gaI hai| gRhastha upAsakoM kI dRSTi mI saMyama kI ora adhika rahI hai| aise aneka pahalU hai jo ina donoM zramaNadhArAoM meM samAna rahe haiM ___ mahAvIra (nigaNTha nAtaputta) aura buddha ke atirikta pUraNa kassapa, ajita kezakambala, saMjaya velaTriputta, makkhalI gozAlaka va prakudha kaccAyana ke nAma usa yuga ke zramaNa-nAyakoM ke rUpa meM upalabdha hote haiM / bauddhoM ke pAli-tripiTakoM meM inake paricaya evaM unakI mAnyatAoM ke sambandha se vistRta byaurA milatA hai| para durbhAgyavaza Aja hameM buddha va nigaNTha nAtaputta ko chor3akara anya kisI zramaNa-nAyaka kA saMgha va sAhitya upalabdha nahIM hotA hai / bauddha granthoM meM jo samullekha nigaNTha nAtaputta va unake ziSyoM se sambandhita milate haiM, unase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki mahAvIra buddha ke yuga meM eka pratiSThita tIrthaGkara ke rUpa meM the va unakA nirgantha-saMgha bhI vRhat evaM sakriya thaa| 2010_05

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xvi Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 samagra-bauddha-sAhitya meM aise ikkAvana samullekha prApta hote haiM, jinameM battIsa to mUla tripiTakoM ke haiM, majjhima nikAya meM daza, dogha nikAya meM cAra, aMguttara nikAya va saMyatta nikAya meM sAta-sAta, sutta nipAta meM do evaM vinaya piTaka meM do saMdarbha pra haiN| ina samallekhoM meM vividha viSayoM para buddha va nigraMthoM ke bIca kI carcAe~, ghaTanAe~ va ullekha haiN| kucha sandarbho meM AcAra-viSayaka carcA kI gaI hai, jinameM mukhya rUpa se nirgranthoM ke cAturyAma saMvara kA viSaya hai| prANAtipAta, mRSAvAda, caurya va abrahmacarya kI nivRtti rUpa cAra yAma batAye gaye haiM tathA kahIM-kahIM kacce vAri va pApoM kI nivRtti ke cAra yAma batAye gaye haiN| eka sandarbha meM bhASA viveka kI carcA hai, jisameM dUsaroM ko apriya lage aise vacana buddha bola sakate haiM yA nahIM-yaha prazna uThAyA gayA hai| mAMsAhAra kI carcA meM nirgranthoM dvArA uddiSTa mAMsa kI nindA kI gaI hai| eka prasaMga meM sAdhu ke AcAra va bAhya veSa ke sambandha meM carcA hai| bhikSu ke dvArA prAtihArya (divya-zakti) kA pradarzana akalpya batAne kA prasaMga bhikSa ke AcAra-viSayaka pahala para prakAza DAlatA hai| zrAvakoM ke AcAra-vicAra kI carcA meM uposatha-sambandhI vivaraNa mahattvapUrNa hai| kucha sandarbha tattva-carcA paraka haiN| nirgranthoM kI tapasyA aura karmavAda' kI carcA aneka sthaloM para kI gaI hai, jisameM tapasyA se karma-nirjarA va dukha-nAza ke siddhAnta kI samIkSA kI gaI hai / dIrgha tapasvI nimrantha va gRhapati upAli ke sAtha buddha kI manodaNDa, vacanadaNDa 1. prastuta grantha ke 'tripiTaka sAhitya meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta' prakaraNa meM saMgRhita kiye gaye hai| dRSTavya, pR0 354.448 / 2. (ka) saMyutta nikAya, nAnA titthiya sutta (prastuta grantha ke ukta prakaraNa meM prasaMga saMkhyA 31) / (kha) saMyutta nikAya, kula sutta (pra0 saM0 6) / (ga) aMguttara nikAya, paMcaka nipAta (pra0 saM0 36) / (gha) majjhima nikAya, upAli suta (pra0 saM0 2) / 3. dIgha nikAya, sAmaJaphala sutta (pra0 saM0 22) / - 4. majjhima nikAya, abhayarAjakumAra sutta (pra0 saM0 3) / 5. vinaya piTaka. mahAvagga, bhaiSajya khandhaka (pra0 sN01)| 6. saMyukta nikAya, jaTila sutta (pra0 saM0 33) / 7. vinaya piTaka, cUlavagga, khudda kavatthu khandhaka (pra0 saM0 18) / 8. aMguttara nikAya, tika nipAta, (pra0 saM0 27) / 6. (ka) majjhima nikAya, cUla dukkhakkhandha suta (pra0 sN05)| (kha) aMguttara nikAya, tika nipAta (pra0 saM0 10) / (ga) majjhima nikAya, devadaha sutta (pra0 saM04) / (gha) aMguttara nikAya, catukka nipAta (pra0 saM0 12) / (Ga) aMguttara nikAya, catukka nipAta (pra0 saM0 38) / 10. (ka) majjhima nikAya, devadaha sutta (pra0 sN04)| (kha) aMguttara nikAya, catukka nipAta (pra0 saM0 12) / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] eka avalokana xvii aura kAyadaNDa ke sambandha se carcA hotI hai / ' tapasyA se nirjarA kA vidhAna jaina paribhASA kI dRSTi se bhI yathArtha huA hai| daNDa, vedanIya karma Adi zabda-prayoga jaina siddhAnta meM bhI prayukta hote rahe haiM / Azrava, abhijAti (lezyA)3, loka kI sAntatA-anantatA, avitarkaavicAra samAdhi (dhyAna), kriyAvAda-akriyavAda, pAtra-apAtra dAna Adi viSayoM kI carcA tatvajJAna kI dRSTi se jaina dRSTikoNa ke abhimata ko prastuta karatI hai| jainoM ke sarvajJatA-vAda kA aneka sthaloM para spaSTa ullekha va samIkSA prApta hotI hai| nigaNTha nAtaputta ke vyaktitva kI samIkSA karane vAle kucha samullekha milate haiM, jinameM buddha kI tulanA meM unako nyUna batAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| mahAvIra ke bhikSu-saMgha va zrAvaka-saMgha kI sthiti kA citraNa kucha eka prakaraNoM meM kiyA gayA hai / nAlandA meM durbhikSa ke samaya mahAvIra apane bRhat bhikSu-saMdha sahita vahA~ Thahare hue the, aisA ullekha milatA hai| mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt saMgha meM hue kalaha yA phUTa kA / kucha prakaraNoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| mahAvIra ke zrAvaka-saMgha kI apekSA buddha kA saMgha unake prati adhika Azvasta thA, aisA bhI batAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai|12 isa prakAra bauddha tripiTakoM meM jaina AcAra, tattvajJAna, mahAvIra kA vyaktitva, unakI saMghIya sthiti Adi kA eka bRhat byorA prastuta huA hai, jo aitihAsika dRSTi se evaM zodha va samIkSA kI dRSTi se bahuta mahatva kA hai| aitihAsika sAmagrI kI dRSTi se jisa prakAra bauddha tripiTaka tAtkAlIna rAjAoM kA vivaraNa prastuta karate haiM, usI prakAra jaina Agama bhI karate haiM / zreNika bimbisAra. ajAtazatru 1. majjhima nikAya, upAli sutta (pra0 saM0 2) / 2. aMgutara nikAya, vappa sutta (pra0 saM0 12) / 3. aMguttara nikAya, chakka nipAta (pra0 saM0 28) / 4. aMguttara nikAya, navaka nipAta (pra0 saM0 11) / 5. saMyutta nikAya, gAmaNI saMyutta (pra0 sN08)| 6. vinaya piTaka, mahAvagga (pra0 saM0 1) / 7. majjhima nikAya, cUla saccaka sutta (pra0 saM0 26) / 8. (ka) majjhima nikAya, sandaka sutta (pra0 saM0 30) / (kha) majjhima nikAya, cUla sakuludAyi sutta (pra0 saM0 13) / (ga) aMguttara nikAya, tika nipAta (pra0 saM0 10) 6. (ka) sutta nipAta, ghammika sutta (pra0 saM0 34) / (kha) dIgha nikAya, mahAparinivvANa sutta (pra0 saM0 25) / (ga) saMyutta nikAya, dahara sutta (pra0 saM0 24) / (gha) sutta nipAta, sabhiya sutta (pra0 saM0 23) / 10. saMyutta nikAya, gAmaNI saMyukta (pra0 saM0 7) / 11. (ka) majjhima nikAya, sAmagAma sutta (pra0 saM0 14) / (kha) dIdha nikAya, pAsAdika suta (pra0 saM0 15) / (ga) dIgha nikAya, saMgItiparyAya sutta (pra0 saM0 16) / 12. majjhima nikAya, mahAsakuludAyi sutta (pra0 saM0 26) / ____ 2010_05

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xviii Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa 1 kaNika, caNDa pradyota, vatsarAja udayana, sindhu saubIra ke rAjA udrAyaNa Adi rAjAoM ke sambandha se donoM dharma-zAstroM meM apane-apane DhaMga se byaurA prastuta kiyA gayA hai| inameM se kucha jaina dharma ke to kucha bauddha dharma ke anuyAyI the tathA kucha donoM dharmoM ke prati sahAnubhUti rakhane vAle the| munizrI nagarAjajI ne prastuta grantha meM isa viSaya kI bhI samAlocanA kI hai| jaina aura bauddha zAstroM meM jaba tAtkAlIna rAjanaitika va sAmAjika sthiti kA sAmAna rUpa se citraNa upalabdha hotA hai tathA bauddha tripiTaka nirgranthoM ke viSaya meM mukta rUpa se sAmagrI prastuta karate haiM to eka jijJAsA hotI hai-jaina AgamoM meM buddha aura bauddha saMgha ke viSaya meM kyA kucha sAmagrI upalabdha hotI hai ? mahAvIra aura buddha donoM samasAmayika yugapuruSa the, yaha eka nirvivAda viSaya hai| phira bhI jaina AgamoM meM buddha kA nAmollekha tathA buddha va bauddha bhikSuoM se sambandhita koI ghaTanA-prasaMga upalabdha nahIM hotA kevala sUyagaDAMga ke kucha eka padya bauddha mAnyatAoM kA saMketa dete haiN| vahA~ eka gAthA meM bauddhoM ko khaNajoiNo batAyA gayA hai tathA usI gAthA meM bauddhoM dvArA pA~ca skandhoM ke nirupaNa kI carcA haiN| usase agalI gAthA meM bhI bauddhoM ke cAra dhAtuoM kA nAmollekha hai / sUyagaDAMga kI anya kucha gAthAe~ bhI isa ora saMketa karatI haiN| para aMga-sAhitya kA jo aMza nizcita rUpa se bahuta prAcIna hai, usameM boddhoM ke ullekha kA sarvathA abhAva hai; jabaki jaise batAyA gayA-bauddha tripiTakoM meM mahAvIra va unake bhikSaoM se sambandhita nAnA ghaTanA-prasaMga upalabdha hote haiM / ve samagra samullekha mahAvIra va unake bhikSu-saMgha kI nyUnatA tathA buddha va bauddha bhikSu-saMgha kI zreSThatA vyakta karane vAle haiN| prazna hotA hai-jaina AgamoM meM buddha kI carcA kyoM nahIM milatI tathA bauddha tripiTakoM meM mahAvIra kI carcA bahulatA se kyoM milatI hai ? kyA isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki mahAvIra va jaina bhikSa antama kha the; ve AlocanAtmaka va khaNDanAtmaka carcAoM se kyoM rasa lete va unheM kyoM mahattva dete ? yaha yathArtha hai ki mahAvIra va jaina bhikSu apekSAkRta adhika antama kha the aura apekSAkRta kama hI ve aisI carcAoM meM utarate / isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM ki jaina AgamoM meM aisI carcA kA sarvathA abhAva hai / mahAvIra ke pratidvandvI dharmanAyaka gozAlaka kI carcA vahA~ pracura mAtrA meM milatI hai| gozAlaka ko kusita batalAne meM vahAM koI kasara nahIM rakhI gaI hai| mahAvIra ke virodhI ziSya jamAlI kI bhI vistRta carcA AgamoM meM hai| vividha tApasoM evaM unakI ajJAnapUrNa tapasyAoM kA vistRta vivecana bhI vahA~ milatA hai| mahAvIra aura buddha ke vihAra va varSAvAsoM ke samAna kSetra va samAna grAma the tathA anuyAyiyoM ke samAna gRha bhI the; phira bhI buddha evaM bauddha bhikSu hI AgamoM meM acacita rahe, yaha eka mahattva kA prazna bana jAtA hai| isakA buddhigamya kAraNa yahI ho sakatA hai ki mahAvI ra buddha se jyeSTha the| unhoMne buddha 1. paMca khaMdhe vayaMtege, bAlA u khnnjoinno| aNNo aNNaNNo NevAhu heuyaM ca aheuyaM / / sUyagaDA~ga, zrutaskandha 1, adhyayana 1, zloka 17 / 2. puDhavI AU teU ya, tahA vAU ya ego| cattAri dhAUNo rUvaM evamAsu Avare / / -sUyagaDAMga, zrutaskanda 1, a0 1, zloka 18 / 3. sUyagaDAMga sUtra, zru0 2, a0 6, zloka 26-30; dekheM prastuta grantha, pR0 6-12 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] eka avalokana xix se pUrva hI dIkSA grahaNa kI, kaivalya-lAbha kiyA evaM dharmopadeza diyaa| unakA prabhAva samAja meM phaila cukA thA / taba buddha ne dharmopadeza prArambha kiyA / buddha taruNa the, unheM apanA prabhAva samAja meM phailAnA thA / unake pratidvandviyoM meM balavAn pratidvandvI mahAvIra the; ataH ve tathA unake bhikSu punaH punaH mahAvIra ko nyUna batAkara svayaM ko Age lAne kA prayatna karate / ' brahmasUtra ke bhASya meM zaMkarAcArya ne bhI to vaisA hI kiyA hai / unhoMne sAMkhya mata ko pradhAna malla mAnakara usakI vistRta samIkSA kI hai aura anya aNvAdikAraNavAdoM kA nirasana usake antargata hI mAna liyA hai / ' mahAvIra kA prabhAva samAja meM itanA jama cukA thA ki navodita dharmanAyaka buddha se unheM koI khatarA nahIM lagatA thA / isalie ve unheM nagaNya samajha kara unakI upekSA karate / gozAlaka ne mahAvIra ke sAtha hI sAdhanA kI thii| mahAvIra se do varSa pUrva hI gozAlaka apane-Apa ko jina, sarvajJa va kevalI ghoSita kara cuke the / gozAlaka kA dharmasaMgha bhI mahAvIra se bar3A thA, aisA mAnA jAtA hai| isa sthiti meM mahAvIra ke lie apane saMgha kI surakSA va vikAsa kI dRSTi se gozAlaka kI heyatA kA varNana karanA svAbhAvika hI ho gayA thA / kula milAkara yaha yathArtha lagatA hai ki mahAvIra ke abhyudaya meM gozAlaka bAdhA rUpa the; ata: unheM puna: puna: unakI carcA karanI par3atI aura bauddha saMgha ke vikAsa meM mahAvIra bAghA rUpa the; ataH buddha ko punaH punaH mahAvIra kI carcA karanI par3atI / jamAlI mahAvIra ke saMgha se hI pRthak hue the; unake dvArA mahAvIra kA saMgha kucha TUTA thA; aura bhI TUTa sakatA thaa| isalie unakI carcAe~ mahAvIra ko karanI par3atI thIM / mahAvIra kI vartamAnatA meM tApasoM kA bhI adhika prabhAva thA / bAhya tapa para adhika bala dete; mahAvIra usako yathArthaM nahIM smjhte| isI taraha yadi buddha mahAvIra ke pUrvakAlIna va samabala hote to avazya hI mahAvIra ko una praznoM kA uttara denA par3atA, jo buddha dvArA mahAvIra va unake saMgha evaM siddhAntoM ke sambandha meM upasthita kiye gaye the / mahAvIra aura buddha, donoM hI zramaNa saMskRti ke dharmanAyaka hone ke nAte eka-dUsare ke bahuta nikaTa bhI the| nikaTa ke dharma-saMghoM meM hI pArasparika AlocanA - pratyAlocanA adhika hotI hai / para yahA~ AlocanA eka ora se hI huI hai / jaina AgamoM kA mauna mahAvIra kI jyeSThatA aura pUrvakAlika prabhAvazIlatA hI vyakta karatA hai / 1. buddha ne svayaM pahale jaina tapa kA abhyAsa kiyA thaa| para, ve usameM saphala nahIM hue / (sambandhita vivecana ke lie dekheM, prastuta grantha kA prathama prakaraNa) / 2. sarvavyAkhAnAdhikaraNam / sU0 28 / aitena sarve vyAkhyAtA vyAkhyAtAH / / 28 / / 1.4.28 'IkSate rnA zabdam (1.1.5 ) ityArabhya pradhAnakAraNavAda sUtraireva punaH punarAzaMkya nirAkRtaH...... devalaprabhRtibhizca kaizciddharmasUtrakAraiH svagrantheSvAzritaH, tena tatpratiSedhe eva yatno'tIva kRto nANvAdikAraNavAdapratiSedhe / te'pi tu brahmakAraNavAdapakSasya pratipakSatvAtpratiSeddhavyAH / ataH pradhAnamallani barhaNanyAyenAtidizati ---- etena pradhAnakAraNavAdapratiSedhanyAyakalApena sarve'vAdikAraNavAdA api pratiSiddhatayA veditavyAH / --brahmasUtra, zAMkarabhASya, pra0 motIlAla banArasIdAsa, 1964, pR0 136 / 2010_05

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xx Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa : 1 tripiTakoM ke katipaya sammulekha bhI buddha ko taruNa aura mahAvIra ko jyeSTha vyakta karate haiM / sutta nipAta ke anusAra sabhiya bhikSu socatA hai "pUraNa kassapa, makkhali gozAla, ajita kezakambala, pakudha kaccAyana, saMjaya velaTThiputta aura nigaNTha nAtaputta jaise jIrNa, vRddha, vayaska, uttarAvasthA ko prApta, vayotIta, sthavira, anubhavI, cira pranajita, saMghI, gaNI, gaNAcArya, prasiddha, yazasvI, tIrthaGkara, bahujana-sammAnita zramaNa-brAhmaNa bhI mere praznoM kA uttara na de sake, na de sakane para kopa, dveSa va aprasannatA vyakta karate haiM aura mujha se hI inakA uttara pUchate haiN| zramaNa gautama kyA mere ina praznoM kA uttara de sakeMge ? ve to Ayu meM kaniSTha aura pravrajyA meM nIvana haiN| phira bhI zramaNa yuvaka hotA huA bhI mahaddhika aura tejasvI hotA hai; ataH zramaNa gautama se bhI maiM ina praznoM ko pUch / "1 saMyutta nikAya ke dahara sutta ke anusAra rAjA prasenajit buddha se kahatA hai-"pUraNa kassapa yAvata nigaNTha nAtaputta bhI anuttara samyaga;sambodhi kA adhikArapUrvaka kathana nahIM karate to Apa alpavayaska va sadyaH pravajita hote hue bhI yaha dAvA kaise kara sakate haiM?" dIgha nikAya ke sAmaJaphala sutta ke anusAra bhI ajAtazatru ke maMtrIgaNa mahAvIra prati chaH dharmanAyakoM ko cira pravrajita, adhvagata va vayaska batAte haiN| isI prakAra tripiTaka-sAhitya meM aise tIna prasaMga upalabdha hote haiM, jo mahAvIra ko buddha se pUrva-nirvANa-prApta sUcita karate haiN| mahAvIra kI jyeSThatA ke viSaya meM ve bhI anUThe pramANa mAne jA sakate haiN| dIgha nikAya ke pAsAdika satta va majjhima nikAya ke sAmagAma sutta ke anusAra bhikSu cunda samaNuddeza pAvA cAturmAsa bitAkara AtA hai aura sAmagAma meM buddha va mAnanda ko samvAda sunAtA hai-''abhI-abhI pAvA meM nigaNTha nAtaputta kAla kara gayA hai| nigaNThoM meM uttarAdhikAra ke prazna para bhISaNa vigraha ho rahA hai / "4 dogha nikAya ke saMgIti paryAya satta ke anusAra sAriputta pAvA meM isI udanta kA ullekha kara bhikSu-saMgha ko ekatA kA upadeza dete haiN| tripiTaka-sAhitya ke tIna prasaMga jaba mahAvIra ke pUrva-nirvANa kI bAta kahate haiM aura tripiTaka-sAhitya meM va Agama-sAhitya meM inakA koI virodhI samullekha nahIM hai taba isa sthiti meM ukta tInoM sammullekha svataH nirvivAda raha jAte haiM / sambhava yaha bhI ho jAtA hai ki ye ullekha tripiTaka-sAhitya meM pIche se jor3e gaye hoM / sambhava saba kucha ho sakatA hai, para usa sambhAvanA ke lie jaba taka koI Thosa AdhAra na ho, taba taka unakI satyatA meM sandeha karane kA koI AdhAra nahIM bntaa| 1. dekheM, prastuta grantha, pR0403-405| 2. dekheM, vahI, pR0 401-402 / 3. dekheM, vahI, pR0 366 / * 360-362 / 5. jaina paramparA kI cira pracalita dhAraNA ke anusAra pAvA gaMgA ke dakSiNa meM rAjagaha ke samIpa mAnI jAtI rahI hai| tripiTaka-sAhitya kI sUcanAoM se tathA anya aitihAsika gaveSaNAoM se ukta dhAraNA ayathArtha siddha ho cukI hai / vastutaH mahAvIra kI nirvANa bhUmi (pAvA) bauddha-zAstroM meM ullikhita vahI pAvA hai, jo gaMgA ke uttara meM kuzInArA ke samIpa batAI gaI hai (dekheM, prastuta grantha, pR0 47-48) / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] eka avalokana xxi / uttarakAlika bauddha sAhitya ( aTukathA Adi) meM bhI nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta ke viSaya meM vividha carcAe~ haiM / buddha kI zreSThatA aura mahAvIra kI azreSThatA batAne kA to unakA hArda hai hI, parantu nimnastara ke ApekSa va managaDhanta ghaTanA-prasaMgoM se bhI carcAe~ bharI-pUrI haiM / jaina uttarakAlika sAhitya - niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi Adi - ganthoM meM bhI buddha kI avagaNanA sUcaka ullekha nahIM milte| yaha jaina sAdhakoM va bauddha sAdhakoM ke mAnasika dharAtala ke antara kA sUcaka hai / jaina sAdhaka sampradAya-cintA se bhI adhika Atma-kalyANa ko mahattva dete rahe haiM / IsvI san ke Arambha se jaba carcA yuga kA Arambha huA, taba to jaina sAdhaka bhI bauddhoM ke viSaya meM usI dharAtala se bolane va likhane lage / uttaravartI TIkA - sAhitya va kathAsAhitya isa bAta kI spaSTa sUcanA dete haiM / inhIM pahaluoM para muni zrI nagarAjajI ne apane grantha meM vistAra se carcA kI hai / gaveSakoM va jijJAsuoM ke lie vaha mAnanIya hai / 3-12-68 anekAnta vihAra ahamadAbAda 2010_05 - paNDita sukhalAla saMghavI

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2010_05

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prastAvanA bheda aura abheda dRSTi-dharma haiM / jahA~ jise khojeMge, vahA~ use pA jAyeMge / jaina aura buddha paramparAe~ paraspara bheda-bahula bhI haiM aura abheda-bahula bhii| dRSTi kI ubhayamukhatA se hI hama yathArtha ko pA sakate haiN| prastuta grantha ke lekhana meM yathArtha darzana kA uddezya hI AdhArabhUta rahA hai| bheda aura abheda ke khyApana kI vyAmohakatA se bace rahane kA yatheSTa dhyAna baratA gayA samanvaya kI varNamAlA meM socane tathA samanvaya kI pagaDaMDiyoM para calane-calAne meM jIvana kA sahaja vizvAsa rahA hai| sAhitya bhI usakA apavAda kaise banatA ? "AcArya bhikSa bhaura mahAtmA gAMdhI", "jaina darzana aura Adhunika vijJAma", "ahiMsA-paryavekSaNa" Adi mere citanna granthoM kI zrRMkhalA meM hI "Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana" grantha bana gyaa| tulanAparaka-grantha hI likhU, aisI yojanA maiMne kabhI nahIM banAI / jIvana kI sahaja ruci se hI yaha phalita huA hai| vicArita sundaram kI apekSA sahaja sundaram sadaiva viziSTa hotA hai| pratipAdanAtmaka sAhitya azreSTha nahIM hotA, para vaha bahuta zreSTha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jaina yA bauddha kisI paramparA para vibhinna bhASAoM meM vibhinna grantha vartamAna haiM hii| unheM hama apanI bhASA va apane krama se likha kara koI nayA sRjana nahIM krte| pIr3hiyoM taka vahI piSTapeSaNa calatA rahatA hai / tulanAparaka va zodhaparaka sAhitya meM navIna dRSTi tathA navIna sthApanAeM hotI haiN| adhyetA usameM bahuta kucha anavagata va anadhIta pAtA hai / jJAna kI dhArA bahumukhI hotI hai va Age bar3hatI hai| mere isa dizA meM vizeSataH pravRtta hone meM yaha bhI eka AdhArabhUta bAta rahI hai| adhyayana-kAla se hI mana meM yaha saMskAra jama rahA thA, mahAvIra aura buddha para tulanAtmaka rUpa se kucha likhA jAye to bahuta hI rocaka, upayogI va apUrva bana sakatA hai / yadA-kadA sphuTa lekha isa sambandha meM likhatA bhI rhaa| vigata 5-6 varSoM se to anya pravRttiyoM se vilaga ho kevala isa ora hI vyavasthita rUpa se laga gyaa| maMjila kI ora bar3hate hue maiMne pAyA, mere se pUrva anya aneka loga isI rAha para cale haiN| koI do Daga, koI dasa Daga / unakI maMjila dUsarI thI, unakI rAha dUsarI thI, para sAmIpya va saMkramaNa ke kSaNoM meM donoM rAheM eka huI haiN| mere lie una saba ke virala va vikIrNa pada-cihna bhI preraka va digsUcaka bne| DaoN0 lyUmaina ne isI sandarbha meM "mahAvIra aura buddha" nAma se eka laghu pustikA likhI hai| DaoN. jekobI ne apane dvArA anUdita AyArAMga, attarAbhavaNANi AgamoM kI bhUmikA meM tulanAparaka nAnA pahaluoM kA saMsparza kiyA hai| DaoN0 zAnTiyara ne 2010_05

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xxiv Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 apane dvArA sampAdita uttarAjjhayaNANi kI bhUmikA meM tathA apane sphuTa lekhoM meM tulanAparaka carcAeM kI haiN| DaoN. harnale ne apane dvArA sampAdita va anUdita uvAsagadasAo meM bhI isI viSaya ko chuA hai| DaoN0 zUbiMga ne jaina-dharma para likhe gaye apane zodha-grantha' meM yatra-tatra isa ora saMketa kiyA hai| DaoN. bAzama ne AjIvaka sampradAya para likhe apane zodha-grantha meM mahAvIra buddha aura gozAlaka ke sambandhoM va mAnyatAoM para apane DhaMga se prakAza DAlA hai| bhAratIya vidvAnoM meM paM0 sukhalAlajI ne apane sphuTa lekhoM meM aneka tulanAparaka pahalU ubhAre haiN| paM0 becaradAsa doSI ne bhagavatI ke sampAdana meM tathA paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne ThANAga-samavAyAMga ke anuvAda meM aneka sthaloM para tulanAparaka TippaNa dekara viSaya ko kholA hai| isI prakAra paM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, dharmAnanda kausambI, DaoN0 bI0 sI0 lA, DaoN0 nathamala TAMTiyA, DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina, DaoN. govindacandra pANDe, DaoN0 gulAbacandra caudharI, DaoN0 bharatasiMha upAdhyAya prabhRti aneka vidvAnoM ne yatra-tatra tulanAtmaka rUpa se likhA hai / inameM se adhikA~za ne ise zodhakArya kI mahattvapUrNa evaM upayogI dizA mAnakara isa para svataMtra evaM sarvAGgINa kArya apekSita batAyA hai| ____ ina sabase mujhe lagA, maiM anajAne hI meM kisI bhayAvane jaMgala meM to nahIM cala par3A hU~, jisameM na rAja-mArga hai, na pagaDaMDiyA~ aura Age koI maMjila / maiM jisa ora calA hU~, vaha koI bar3I maMjila hai aura jisa para calA hU~, vaha anekoM kI jAnI-bUjhI rAha hai| __ maiMne samagra kArya ko tIna khaNDoM meM bA~TA hai| prathama itihAsa aura paramparA khaNDa, dvitIya sAhitya aura zikSApada khaNDa, tRtIya darzana aura mAnyatA khaNDa / yaha itihAsa aura paramparA khaNDa sampanna huA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI paccIsavIM nirvANa-zatAbdI taka tInoM khaNDoM kA praNayana kara sakU, aisA merA abhipreta hai| grantha kI bhASA ko maiMne sAhityika va dArzanika "lahaje" se bacAyA hai| itihAsa va zodha kA sambandha tathya-pratipAdana se hotA hai| unakI apanI eka svatantra zailI hai| usameM AlaMkAritA va gUr3hatA kA koI sthAna nahIM hotaa| zabdoM kI zAlInatA va bhAvoM kI spaSTatA hI usakA mAnadaNDa hotI hai / zodha-sAhitya meM mukhyataH saMkSepa kI zailI apanAI jAtI hai / maiMne vistAra kI zailI apanAI hai| saMkSepa kI zailI zodha-vidvAnoM tathA unameM bhI viSaya-sambaddha vidvAnoM ke upayoga kI raha jAtI hai| merA Azaya rahA hai, zodha-vidvAnoM ke sAtha-sAtha sarva sAdhAraNa ke lie bhI prantha kI upayogitA raha ske| grantha kA pratyeka prakaraNa apane Apa meM paripUrNa evaM svataMtra nibandha bhI raha sake, aisA dhyAna rakhA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai, grantha ke aneka prakaraNoM kA zodha-patrikAoM, abhinandana granthoM tathA prAcya sammelanoM meM yathAvata upayoga hotA rahA hai| kAla-gaNanA se sambandhita prakaraNa pRthak pustakAkAra bhI prakAzita ho rahA hai / 1. The Doctrines of the Jaina's (Motilal Banarasidas, Delhi, 1960) 2. The History and Doctrines of the Ajivikas, (Lucac and Co. London, 1957) ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA prastAvanA XXV pratipAdanAtmaka pauSThava agrima prakaraNoM kI apekSA prAktana prakaraNoM meM kucha durbala rahA hai, aisA mujhe pratIta hotA hai| bar3e grantha ke Arambha aura anta meM yaha antara rahanA asvAbhAvika bhI nahIM hai| mahAmahima AcArya zrI tulasI mere niryAmaka rahe haiM / jIvana kI nAva AvattoM se bacakara, jvAroM ko lA~dhakara jo maMjileM pAra kara rahI hai, usameM niryAmaka kA kauzala eka apratima hetu hai hii| prathama khaNDa kI sampannatA bhI eka bar3I maMjila kA taya honA hI hai / AcAryapravara ne terApaMtha sAdhu-saMgha meM sAhitya kI aneka dhArAoM kA sUtrapAta kiyA hai, jisameM eka dhArA yaha tulanAtmaka anuzIlana evaM zodha-sAhitya kI hai| grantha kI sampannatA ke sAtha-sAtha eka aitihAsika mUlya kA prasaMga banA / mahAprAjJa paNDita sukhalAlajI ke samakSa grantha kA AdyopAnta pArAyaNa huaa| vArdhakya aura vyastatA kI avagaNanA kara paNDitajI ne grantha-zravaNa meM ullekhanIya rasa liyaa| isa sambandha meM unhoMne talanAtmaka carcA evaM taTastha anveSaNa ke aneka AyAma sjhaae| isa tIna saptAha ke cintana. manana va grantha-samIkSaNa meM mere lie sarvAdhika santoSa kI bAta yaha banI ki mahAvIra kI jyeSThatA ke viSaya meM paNDitajI ne sudRr3ha sahamati vyakti kI evaM 'eka avalokana' likhaa| apanI 88 varSa kI Ayu meM itanA AyAsa uThAkara paNDitajI ne grantha ko aura mujhe bhAravAn banAyA hai| sUkSmadarzI paNDita becaradAsajI ne grantha-avalokana ke sandarbha meM sujhAyA, sUyagaDAMga kI 'puttaM piyA samArambha..." gAthA bhagavAn buddha ke 'sUkaramaddava' AhAra kI ora saMketa karatI hai,aisA pratIta hotA hai| jaina AgamoM meM buddha va bauddha dharma se sambandhita koI ghaTanA-prasaMga nahIM hai-isa mAnyatA meM yaha gAthA apavAda bana sakatI hai| paNDita becaradAsajI kA mAnanA hai ki isa gAthA meM bodhAbhAva se puti zabda ke badale putta zabda kisI yuga se pracalita ho gayA hai / saMskRta meM potrina zabda sUkara kA vAcI hai / 3 prAkRta meM dvitIyA vibhakti ke ekavacana meM usakA putti rUpa bana jAtA hai| paNDita becaradAsajI ke isa anumAna kA thor3A-sA samarthana' suyagaDAMga cUNi bhI karatI hai| cUrNikAra ne isa gAthA meM "putra' zabda kI vyAkhyA meM "zUkaraM vA chagalaM vA" bhI kiyA hai| para buddha ke sUkaramaddava AhAra kA koI saMketa vahAM nahIM hai| isI gAthA ke udAharaNa meM lAvaka pakSI ko mArakara bhikSu ko dene kI eka anya kathA dI gaI hai| 1. puttaM piyA samArabbha AhArejja asNje| muMjamANo ya mehAvI kammuNA no vilappai / -sUyagaDA~ga, zru01, a01, u0 2, zloka 28 / 2. prastuta grantha, pR0 86 / / 3. varAhaH sUkaro ghRSTiH kolaH potrI kiriH kittiH| -amarakoza, dvitIya kANDa, siMhAdivarga, zloka 2 / varAhaH krodd-potrinnii| -abhidhAna cintAmaNi, tRtIya kANDa, zloka 180 / 4. sUyagaDA~ga cUNi, pR0 50 pra0 RSabhadevajI kezarImalajI zve0 saMsthA, ratalAma / ____ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa: 1 prastuta gAthA kA padaccheda cUrNi meM jinadAsagaNi ne 'putram api tAvat sapArabhya " kiyA hai; TIkA meM zIlaMkAcArya ne putraM pitA samArabhya" kiyA hai| kucha eka vidvAn cUrNi ke padaccheda ko saMgata mAnane lage haiN| unakI dRSTi meM vizeSa paristhiti meM bhI pitA putra kA vadha kareM' yaha bAta asAmAnya hai / prastuta gAthA ke cUrNikRta padaccheda meM bhI putram api to raha hI jAtA hai / isa sthiti meM cUrNi aura TIkA ke padaccheda kA artha putravadha ke rUpa meM eka hI raha jAtA hai| pitA yA mAtA to adhyAhAra se A hI jAte haiM / xxvi 'pitA ke dvArA putravadha' kI bAta vartamAna yuga meM nitAnta asAmAnya hI hai| para, prAcIna granthoM meM tathAprakAra kA ullekha aneka sthaloM para upalabdha hotA hai / telovAda jAtaka (bAlovAda jAtaka, saM0 246 ) ' ke anusAra bhikSu uddiSTa mA~sa ke AhAra se pApalipta hotA hai' isa bAta kA uttara dete hue bodhisattva kahate haiM : puttavAraM pi ce hantvA deti vAnaM asaJjato / bhuJjamAno'pi sappaJjo na pApamupalimpati // yahA~ spaSTa rUpa se putra aura strI kA vadha kara bhikSu ko dAna dene kI bAta kahI hai| yaha gAthA pitA ke dvArA putravadha ke artha kI nirvivAda puSTi karatI hai / sUyagaDAMga kI ukta gAthA ke sAtha isakA bhAvasAmya va zabdasAbhya bhI hai| culla pauma jAtaka ke anusAra kisI eka bhava meM bodhisattva aura unake chaH bhAI apanI sAta patniyoM sahita araNya pAra karate haiM / mArga meM pratidina eka-eka patnI kA vadha kara usake mA~sa se kSudhA zAnta karate haiM / 3 jaina Agama nAyadhammakahAo meM batAyA hai-- dhannA sArthavAha aura usake putroM ne paraspara svayaM ko mArakara anya sabako jIvita rahane kI bAta kahI / anta meM unhoMne apanI putrI tathA bahina mRta suSamA ke mAMsa va rakta se kSudhA tRSA zAnta kI aura ve araNya pAra kara rAjagRha pahu~ce / unake isa upakrama meM AravAda, dehopacaya Adi kA uddezya nahIM thA / unakA lakSya kevala araNya pAra kara rAjagRha pahuMcane kA thA / mahAvIra ne isa kathA vastu ke udAharaNa se batAyA- ' isI prakAra sAdhu bhI varNa, rUpa, bala yA viSaya ke lie nahIM, kintu mokSa prApti ke lie AhAra karate haiM / 5 1. dekheM, prastuta grantha, pR0 435 / 2. jAtaka saMkhyA 163 / 3. isa kathAnaka kA agrima bhAga 'jitazatru rAjA aura sukumAlA rAnI' kI prasiddha jaina kathA ke samAna hI hai / 4. pUrNa vRttAnta ke lie draSTavya, zrutaskandha 1, adhyAya 18 / 5. ghaNeNaM satthavAheNaM no vaNNaheuM vA no rUvaheDaM vA no balaheDaM vA no visayaheuM vA susumAe dAriyAe maMsasoNie AhArie nannattha egAe rAyagihaM saMpAvaNaTTayAe evAmeva samaNAuso ! jo ahaM niggaMthoM vA niggaMthI vA imassa orAliyasa rIrassa vaMtAsavassa pittAsavassa sukkA vassa soNiyAsavassa jAva avassavippajahiyavvassa no vaNNaheuM vA no rUvaheu vA no balaheu vA no visayaheu vA AhAraM AhArei nannattha egAe siddhigamaNasaMpAvaNaTTayAe / --NAyaghammakahAo, saM0 ena0 vI0 vaidya, pR0 214 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] xxvii saMyukta nikAya ke puttamaM sasutta' ke anusAra - eka dampatI apane ikalaute putra ko mArakara usake mAMsa se kSudhA zAnta kara araNya pAra karate haiM / unhoMne vaha AhAra darpa, mada, maNDana vibhUSA ke lie nahIM, apitu araNya pAra karane ke lie kiyA / buddha ne isa kathA prasaMga ke sandarbha meM kahA - " bhikSuo ! AryazrAvaka bhI aise hI darpa, mada Adi ke lie AhAra nahIM karate, kintu bhava- kAntAra se pAra hone ke lie karate haiM / ' 112 manusmRti ta' meM kahA gayA hai prastAvatA jIvitAtyayamApanno yo'nnamatti yatastataH / AkAzamiva paGkena na sa pApena lipyate // ajIrgata: sutaM hantumupAsarpabubhukSitaH / na cAlipyata pApena kSutpratIkAramAcaran // yahAM ajIrgata RSi ke putravadha karane kI aura pApa se lipta na hone kI bAta kahI gaI hai / ina saba samullekhoM va prasaMgoM se yaha spaSTa jhalakatA hai ki kisI yuga meM pitA ke dvArA sthitivaza putravadha hone kI eka sAmAnya dhAraNA rahI hai aura vahI dhAraNA jaina, bauddha va vaidika paramparA meM khaNDana yA maNDana ke prasaMga se duharAI jAtI rahI hai / isa sthiti meM puttaM piyA samArabbha kA padaccheda hI adhika yathArtha raha jAtA hai / sUyagaDAMga meM bauddha mAnyatA ke paricaya - prasaMga se yaha gAthA kahI gaI hai / agrima gAthAoM meM isa mAnyatA kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / vizruta vidvAn DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne grantha kA AdyopAnta pArAyaNa kiyA va kAla gaNanA ke tathyoM para sahamati vyakta kI, yaha bhI mere AtmatoSa kA viSaya banA / prastuta khaNDa meM vibhinna bhASAoM ke lagabhaga 300 grantha uddharaNa rUpa meM prayukta hue haiN| isase bhI adhika viSaya - sambaddha granthoM kA avalokana karanA par3A hai / maiM unake racayitAoM ke I 1. nidAna vagga, nidAna saMyukta, 2 / 12/63 // 2. "taM kiM maJJatha, bhikkhave, api nu to davAya vA AhAraM AhAreyyu, madAya vA AhAraM AhAreyyu, maNDanAya vA AhAraM AhAreyyuM, vibhUsanAya vA AhAraM AhAreyyuM" ti ? "no hetaM, ante / " "nanu te, bhikkhave, yAvadeva kantArassa nittharaNatthAya AhAraM AhAreyyu" ti ? "evaM, bhante" " evameva vAhaM, bhikkhave, kabalIkAro AhAro daTThabbo ti vadAmi / kabalIkAre, bhikkhave, AhAre pariJJAte paJcakAmaguNiko rAgo parijJAto hoti / paJcakAmaguNi rAge paritrAte jasthita saMyojanaM yena saMyojanena saMyutte ariyasAvako puna imaM lokaM Agaccheyya / " 2010_05 - saMyuttanikAya pAli, saM0 bhikkhu jagadIsakassapo, pR0 84 | 3. adhyAya 10, zloka 104, 105 4. yaha kathA bahavRca brAhmaNa meM ajIrgata ke AkhyAna meM spaSTa rUpa se milatI hai /

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xxviii Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa : 1 prati svayaM ko kRtajJa anubhava karatA huuN| aneka racayitAoM ke mantavya kA maiMne nirAkaraNa bhI kiyA hai / usameM bhI merA adhyavasAya vicAra-samIkSA kA hI rahA hai, sAmpradAyika khaNDanamaNDana kA nahIM / AzA hai, sambandhita vidvAna use isI sandarbha meM dekheNge| muni mahendrakumArajI 'prathama' aura muni mahendrakumArajI 'dvitIya' ne prastuta grantha kA sampAdana kiyA hai / sampAdana kitanA zrama-sAdhya va meghAparaka huA hai, yaha to jaina pAribhASika zabdakoza, bauddha pAribhASika zabdakoza Adi pariziSTa svayaM bola rahe haiN| grantha ke sAtha unakA lagAva kevala sampAdana taka hI nahIM rahA hai, rUparekhA-nirmANa se grantha kI sampannatA taka cintana, manana, adhyayana, anveSaNa Adi sabhI kAryoM meM ve hAtha baTAte rahe haiN| isa kArya meM parokSa sahayoga muni mAnamalajI (bIdAsara) kA hai| ve merI anya apekSAoM ke pU pUraka haiM / jIvana kI koI bhI apekSA anya apekSAoM se nitAnta nirapekSa nahIM huA krtii| vidyamAna khaNDa se sambandhita antima paMktiyA~ Aja maiM dharatI aura sAgara ke saMgamabindu para likha rahA huuN| abhilASA hai, Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana grantha bhI jaina aura bauddha saMskRtiyoM kA saMgama-bindu bane / muni nagarAja aNuvrata sabhAgAra 88, merina DrAiva bambaI-2 6 pharavarI, 1966 ____ 2010_05

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sampAdakIya Agama aura tripiTaka eka anuzIlana grantha kA yaha "itihAsa aura paramparA" khaNDa bhAva, bhASA aura zailI kI dRSTi se bahuta hI maulika hai| pratyeka prakaraNa koI navIna sthApanA karatA hai yA kisI anavagata tathya ko prakaTa karatA hai / vicAra-samIkSA lagabhaga sabhI prakaraNoM kA mukhya aMga | vivAdAtmaka pahaluoM ko apanI zAlIna samAlocanA ke sAtha muni zrI nagarAjajI ne kisI AdhArabhUta tathya taka pahu~cAyA hai / samagra khaNDa 18 prakaraNoM meM vibhakta hai / prathama prakaraNa meM buddha kI sAdhanA para nirgrantha-sAdhanA kA kitanA prabhAva rahA hai, isa viSaya meM kucha eka maulika AdhAra prastuta kiye gaye haiM / dUsare prakaraNa meM pUraNa kAzyapa, prakrudha kAtyAyana, ajita kezakambalI aura saJjaya vailaTThaputta; ina cAra dharmanAyakoM ke jIvana-paricaya tathA unakI mAnyatAoM kA zodhapUrNa byaurA prastuta kiyA gayA hai, jisameM aneka acarcita pahalu sAmane Aye haiM / tIsarA prakaraNa gozAlaka aura AjIvaka sampradAya para eka saMkSipta zodha-nibandha hI bana gayA hai / gozAlaka kA jIvana evaM unakA abhimata, jaina va bauddha dharma-saMghoM se unakA sambandha tathA AjIvaka mata kI mAnyatAoM kA AlocanAtmaka vivecana prastuta prakaraNa meM kiyA gayA hai| DaoN0 bAzama, DaoN0 baruA Adi kI kucha dhAraNAoM kA nirAkaraNa bhI isameM kiyA gayA hai / ullekhanIya bAta yaha hai ki muni zrI ne apanI samIkSA meM gozAlaka va AjIvaka mata ko heyatA ko hI nahIM ubhArA hai, apitu mahAvIra ke dvArA kI gaI AjIvaka mata kI prazaMsA kA bhI yathocita digdarzana karAyA hai / jaina aura bauddha paramparA meM gozAlaka mukhyatayA yA eka nidya pAtra ke rUpa meM hI prastuta kiye gae haiM; para muni zrI ne unheM eka samasAmayika dharmanAyaka ke rUpa meM dekhA hai aura apanI bhASA meM unhoMne sarvatra unake lie bahuvacana kA hI prayoga kiyA hai / cauthA prakaraNa kAla-nirNaya kA hai| mahAvIra aura buddha kA jIvana-vRtta itihAsa ke kSetra meM jitanA suspaSTa huA hai, utanA hI unakA tithi krama dhuMdhalA va vivAdAspada rahA hai / buddhanirvANa kI bIsoM tithiyA~ vidvajjagat meM aba taka mAnI jAtI rahI haiN| unakA kAlamAna I0 pU0 7 vIM zatAbdI se I0 pU0 4 thI zatAbdI taka kA hai| prastuta prakaraNa meM Agama, tripiTaka va sarvamAnya aitihAsika tathyoM kI saMgati se unake tithi krama kA evaM unakI samasAmayikatA kA nirNaya kiyA gayA hai| isake sAtha-sAtha zizunAga vaMza se candragupta maurya taka kI aitihAsika kAla-gaNanA ko bhI susaMgata rUpa diyA gayA hai / 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 kAla-gaNanA ke isa samIkSAtmaka prakaraNa meM mahAvIra ko jyeSThatA ke viSaya meM munizrI ne dahara sutta tathA samiya sutta ke do apUrva aura akATya pramANa de diye haiM / ye pramANa etad viSayaka carcA meM prathama bAra hI prayukta hue haiN| pramANa apane Apa meM itane spaSTa haiM ki donoM yuga-puruSoM ke kAla-krama sambandhI vivAda sadA ke lie samApta ho jAtA hai / XXX pA~caveM prakaraNa meM donoM hI yuga-puruSoM kI pUrvajanma viSayaka samAnatA kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| marIci tApasa ke viSaya meM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabha ghoSaNA karate haiM ki yaha antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra hogA / sumedha tApasa ke viSaya meM prathama buddha dIpaMkara ghoSaNA karate haiM--yaha antima buddha gautama hogA / isa anUThI samAnatA kA paricaya sambhavataH vijjagat ko sarvaprathama hI milegA / prakaraNa meM janma se pravrajyA taka kI vividha samAna dhAraNAoM kA byaurA diyA gayA hai, jo yugapat rUpa se sarvaprathama hI sAhityika kSetra meM AI haiM / agale tIna prakaraNoM meM kramaza: sAdhanA, pariSaha aura titikSA, kaivalya aura bodhi yugapat rUpa se prastuta kiye gaye haiM / anUThI samAnatAe~ sAmane AI haiM / dasaveM prakaraNa meM donoM dharma-saMghoM kI dIkSAoM kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai / bar3hI car3hI saMkhyAoM para samIkSA bhI kI gaI hai| parivrAjakoM va tApasoM ke dIkSita hone kA varNana donoM hI paramparAoM meM bahulatA se milatA hai| mahAvIra ke dharma-saMgha meM koDinna, dinna, sevAlaye tIna tApasa apane pA~ca so ziSyoM sahita dIkSita hote haiM / buddha ke dharma saMgha meM uruvela kAzyapa, nandI kAzyapa, gayA kAzyapa- - ye tIna prarivrAjaka apane sahasra ziSyoM sahita dIkSita hote haiM / gyArahaveM prakaraNa meM mahAvIra aura buddha ke nikaTatama antevAsiyoM kA bahuta hI rocaka evaM jJAnavardhaka paricaya diyA gayA hai / samAna ghaTanAoM ko kholA bhI gayA hai| udAharaNArtha"gautama mahAvIra - nirvANa ke pazcAt vyAkula huye / Ananda (buddha) nirvANa se pUrva hI eka ora jAkara dIvAla kI khU~TI pakar3a kara rone lage; jaba ki unheM buddha ke dvArA usI dina nirvANa hone kI sUcanA mila cukI thii| mahAvIra nirvANa ke pazcAt gautama usI rAta ko kevalI ho gaye ! buddha-nirvANa ke pazcAt prathama bauddha saMgIti meM jAne se pUrva Ananda bhI arhat ho gaye / gautama kI taraha inako bhI arhatu na hone kI Atma-glAni huI / " bArahaveM prakaraNa meM pramukha upAsaka upAsikAoM ke jIvana-vRtta va ghaTanA-prasaMga diye gaye haiM / 'zramaNopAsaka' va 'zrAvaka zabda donoM hI paramparAoM meM ekArthavAcI haiM / terahaveM prakaraNa meM donoM ke do pramukha virodhI ziSyoM kA varNana hai / donoM hI ziSyoM ne apane-apane zAstA ko mArane kA prayatna kiyA; donoM hI prabhAvazAlI the; donoM ke hI pAsa labdhi - bala thA; donoM ko hI anta samaya meM AtmaglAni huii| donoM ke hI ghaTanA-prasaMga bahuta vikaTa evaM samAna haiM / caudahaveM "anuyAyI rAjA' prakaraNa meM zreNika bimbisAra, ajAtazatru kUNika, abhayakumAra, udrAyaNa, udayana, caNDapradyota prasenajit ceTaka, viDDma Adi rAjAoM kA donoM paramparAoM se sammata paricaya prastuta kiyA gayA hai / ukta rAjAoM meM adhikAMza ko donoM hI paramparAe~ apanA-apanA anuyAyI mAnatI haiM / yathArtha meM ve kisa paramparA ke anuyAyI the, yaha pA lenA eka jaTila prazna thA / muni zrI ne eka taTastha paryavekSaNa evaM prAmANika samIkSA se yaha 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA sampAdakIya xxxi nirNAyaka rUpa se batAyA hai ki kauna rAjA yathArtha meM kisa paramparA kA anuyAyI thaa| isa prazna para itanI vistRta evaM AdhArapUrNa samIkSA sAhitya ke kSetra meM sacamuca hI eka naI dena hai| pandrahavA~ "parinirvANa" prakaraNa kitanA sarasa va samIkSApUrNa hai, isakA paricaya hameM usake prathama pariccheda se hI mila jAtA hai| vahAM batAyA gayA hai- 'mahAvIra kA parinirvANa 'pAvA' meM aura buddha kA parinirvANa 'kusinArA' meM huaa| donoM kSetroM kI dUrI ke viSaya meM dIghanikAya-aTTakathA (sumaMgala vilAsinI) batAtI hai-"pAvAnagarato tINi gAvutAni kusinArAnagaraM" arthAt pAvAnagara se tIna gavyUta (tIna kosa) kusinArA thaa| buddha pAvA se madhyAhna meM vihAra kara sAyaMkAla kusinArA pahu~cate haiN| ve rugNa the, asakta the| vizrAma lelekara vahA~ phuNce| isase bhI pratIta hotA hai ki pAvA se kusinArA bahuta hI nikaTa thaa| kapilavastu (lumbinI) aura vaizAlI (kSatriya-kuNDapura) ke bIca 250 mIla kI dUrI mAnI jAtI hai| janma kI 250 mIla kI kSetrIya dUrI nirvANa meM kevala 6 hI mIla kI raha gii| kahanA cAhie, sAdhanA se jo nikaTa the, ve kSetra se bhI nikaTa ho gye|" solahaveM prakaraNa meM mahAvIra aura buddha ke vihAra-kSetroM kI samayasArikA prastuta kI gaI hai| usase yaha bhI jAnA jA sakatA hai ki donoM ke kauna-kauna se varSAvAsa eka sAtha eka hI nagara meM hue| satarahaveM suvistRta prakaraNa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra va jaina paramparA se sambandhita ve saMdarbha saMgrahIta haiM, jo bauddha sAhitya meM ullikhita haiN| DaoN0 jekobI ne "jaina sUtroM" kI bhUmikA meM isa prakAra ke 11 saMdarbha saMgRhIta kiye the| unhoMne ise taba taka kI upalabdha sAmagrI kA samagra saMkalana mAnA thaa| muni zrI ne prastuta prakaraNa meM 51 saMdarbha saMgrahita kara diye haiN| mala tripiTakoM ke saMdarbha to samagra rUpa se isameM haiM hI tathA aTThakathAoM va itara granthoM ke bhI upalabdha saMdarbha isameM le liye gaye haiM / zodha-vidvAnoM ke lie yaha eka apUrva saMgraha bana gayA hai| pratyeka saMdarbha para samIkSAtmaka TippaNa bhI likhe gaye haiN| kucha TippaNa itane vistRta haiM ki ve samIkSAtmaka lekha hI bana gaye haiM / chaH abhijAtiyoM kA nirUpaNa pUraNa kassapa ke nAma se bhI milatA hai aura gozAlaka ke nAma se bhii| muni zrI ne isa gutthI ko tAra-tAra kara khola diyA hai| unakA niSkarSa hai- chaH abhijAtiyA~ mUlata: gozAlaka dvArA hI pratipAdita huI haiN| abhijAtiyoM ke viSaya meM artha-bheda bhI eka pahelI bana rahA thA / prastuta prakaraNa meM use bhI samAhita kara diyA gayA hai / chaH lezyAoM ke sAtha chaH abhijAtiyoM kI saMkSipta tulanA bhI kara dI gaI hai| aThArahavA~ prakaraNa 'AcAra-grantha aura AcAra-saMhitA" kA hai| isameM jaina-Agama nizItha aura vinayapiTaka kI samAnatA ko kholA gayA hai tathA unake racanA-kAla, racayitAoM evaM bhASA-sAmya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jaina aura bauddha bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke AcAraniyamoM kA sundara va sarasa vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| donoM dharma-saMghoM kI dIkSA-praNAlI evaM prAyazcitta-vidhi para bhI samIkSA kI gaI hai| isa prakAra ukta aThAraha prakaraNoM meM mUla grantha sampanna hotA hai / ____ 2010_05

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xxxii Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 muni zrI kI aba taka vibhinna viSayoM para 25 pustake prakAzita ho cukI haiN| sAhityajagat meM unakA pracura-samAdara huA hai| prastuta grantha zodha va tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke kSetra meM muni zrI kA anUThA anudAna siddha hogA, aisI AzA hai / isa mahattvapUrNa grantha ke sampAdana kA dAyitva hama donoM ne apane Upara liyA aura isa dizA meM kucha kara pAye, yaha koI AbhAra kI bAta nahIM hai| muni zrI nagarAja jI ke sAnnidhya se jo kucha aura jitanA hamane sIkhA va pAyA, yaha aNurUpa se usakA pratidAna bhI ho sakA, to hama apane ko kRtakRtya smjheNge| muni mahendrakumAra 'prathama' muni mahendrakumAra 'dvitIya' 2010_05

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viSayAnukramAMka 1. mahAvIra aura buddha (Mahavira and Buddha ) eka yA do? buddha kI sAdhanA para nirgrantha-prabhAva 2 2. samasAmayika dharmanAyaka (Contemporary Religious Teachers) 4.16 tripiTakoM meM 1. pUraNa kassapa : akriyavAdI 4 2. makkhalIgozAla : niyativAdI 5 3. ajita kesakambalI : ucchedavAdI 5 4. pakudha kaccAyana : anyonyavAdI 5 5. saMjaya velaTTiputta : vikSepavAdI 5 . 6. nigaNTha nAtaputta : cAturyAma saMvaravAdI AgamoM meM Ardraka muni bauddha bhikSu vedavAdI brAhmaNa AtmAdvaitavAdI hastI tApasa jIvana-paricaya 1. pUraNa kassapa 2. pakudha kaccAyana 3. ajita kesakambalI 4. saMjaya velaTThiputta 3. gozAlaka (Gosalaka) 17-40 mAgamoM meM gozAlaka kA pUrvavRtta gozAlaka kA prathama samparka x09 9404 Mr" ~ ~ ~ 15 Wis ____ 2010_05

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xxxiv Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 vaizyAyana bAla tapasvI tejolezyA kI prApti gozAlaka aura Ananda pravRtta-parihAra kA siddhAnta tejolezyA kA prayoga ATha carama gozAlaka kA pazcAttApa gozAlaka kI mRtyu kuNDakolika aura AjIvaka deva zakaDAla putra anya prasaMga digambara-paramparA meM tripiTakoM meM sabase burA avalokana pUjyatA aura usakA hetu nAma aura karma jaina aura AjIvakoM meM sAmIpya guru kauna ? AjIvaka abrahmacArI 41-118 4. kAla-nirNaya (Chronology) DA0 jekobI prathama samIkSA mahAvIra kA nirvANa-kAla buddha kA nirvANa-kAla DA0 jekobI kI dUsarI samIkSA antima lekha DaoN0 jekobI ke lekha kA sAra mahAvIra kA nirvANa kisa pAvA meM? 47 tAtkAlika sthitiyoM ke sambandha meM Agama-tripiTaka mahAvIra kI nirvANa-tithi paTaka ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] viSayAnukramAMka XXXV buddha kI nirvANa-tithi asaMgatiyAM paM0 sukhalAlajI va anya vidvAn DaoN0 zAnTiyara FRW. DaoN0 ke0 pI0 jAyasavAla mahAvIra-nirvANa aura vikramAditya dharmAnanda kosambI DaoN0 harnale x xxx muni kalyANa vijayajI mahAvIra adher3a-buddha yuvA uttarakAlika granthoM meM asaMgatiyA~ zrI vijayendra sUri zrI zrIcanda rAmapuriyA DaoN0 zAntilAla zAha rrrr itihAsakAroM kI dRSTi meM anusaMdhAna aura niSkarSa sarvAGgINa dRSTi nirvANa-prasaMga mahAvIra kI jyeSThatA samaya-vicAra mahAvIra kA tithi-krama kAla-gaNanA dIpavaMza-mahAvaMza kI asaMgatiyAM kAla-gaNanA para punarvicAra buddha-nirvANa-kAla : paramparAgata tithiyA~ 103 itihAsakAroM kA abhimata mahAvIra aura buddha kI samasAmayikatA 106 buddha nirvANa kAla 108 Wc4. MM 104 niSkarSa kI puSTi meM 106 1. tibbatI paramparA 2. cInI turkistAna kA tithikrama 106 110 ____ 2010_05

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Xxxvi Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 3. azoka ke zilAlekha 4. barmI paramparA 110 117 5. pUrva bhava (The Previous Births) 116-124 marIci tApasa 116 116 116 vicAroM meM zithilatA tridaNDI kapila bhAvI tIrthaGkara kauna ? kula kA ahaM 120 120 121 sumeSa tApasa 121 bIsa nimitta dasa pAramitAe~ 123 123 125-150 127 128 128 s s 6. janma aura pravrajyA ( Birth and Renunciation) bhagavAn mahAvIra devAnandA kI kukSi meM garbha-saMharaNa svapna-phala mAtR-prema dohada janmotsava bAlya jIvana bala adhyayana vivAha abhiniSkramaNa abhigraha s s s MMMMMMMMMov sh s 135 bhagavAn buddha 136 136 137 136 pA~ca mahAvilokana svapna darzana janma kAladevala tApasa bhaviSya-prazna eka camatkAra 140 141 142 ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA viSayAnukramAMka Xxxvii zilpa-pradarzana cAra pUrva lakSaNa putra-janma gRha-tyAga pravrajyA-grahaNa 143 144 146 147 146 7. sAdhanA (Exertions for the Achievement of Goal) kaivalya-sAdhanA 151-156 152 sambodhi-sAdhanA 155 157 svapna mahAvIra ke svapna buddha ke svapna 158 158 160-166 160 162 162 8. pariSaha aura titikSA (Hardships and Forbearance) caNDakauzika-udbodhana caNDanAga-vijaya deva-pariSaha saMgamadeva mAra deva-putra avalokana E. May it atfe (Omniscience and Enlightenment) kaivalya bodhi 170-173 171 172 174-217 avalokana 10. bhikSa-saMgha aura usakA vistAra (Order of Establishment and Expansion of monistic order) nirgrantha dIkSAe~ gyAraha gaNadhara candanabAlA meghakumAra nandIsena RSabhadatta-devAnandA jamAli-priyadarzanA jayantI 176 176 178 180 181 183 184 185 ____ 2010_05

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xxxviii Agamana aura tripiTaka eka anuzIlana bauddha upasampadAe~ 2010_05 kAzyapa skandaka parivrAjaka zramaNa kezIkumAra zAlibhadra aura dhanya rAjarSi udAyana pandraha sau tIna tApasa rAjA dazArNabhadra paMjavargIya bhikSu yaza aura anya cauvana kumAra bhadravargIya eka hajAra parivrAjaka sAriputta aura mauggallAna Ananda upAli mahAkAccAyana dasa sahasra nAgarika, nanda va rAhula chaH zAkyakumAra aura upAli 11. pAripAzvika bhikSu bhikSuNiyAM (Disciple - Monks and Nuns) 218-231 gautama candanabAlA sAriputta mauggallAna mahAkAzyapa gautamI bhikSuoM meM agragaNya bhikSuNioM meM agragaNya kAkandI ke dhanya meghakumAra zAlibhadra skandaka [ khaNDa : 1 187 187 160 164 167 166 166 201 201 203 205 205 207 206 211 215. 218 216 216 220 222 223 223 223 224 227 228 226 230 230

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] viSayAnukramAMka 12. pramukha upAsaka upAsikAe~ (Chief Lay-followers) gRhapati Ananda sulasA gRhapati anAthapiNDika vizAkhA mRgAra mAtA 2010_05 nirgrantha pravacana meM ruci nirgrantha dharma kA grahaNa 232 pramukha jaina upAsaka pramukha bauddha upAsaka upAsikAe~ 233 abhigraha gRhabhAra se mukti pratimA grahaNa gautama aura avadhijJAna putra kA abhAva parIkSA abhAva kI pUrti mahAvIra dvArA prazaMsA ambar3a dvArA parIkSA prathama samparka zrAvastI kA nimantraNa jetavana nirmANa aura dAna mRtyu- zayyA para divya bala mahApuNya puruSa kA preSaNa vizAkhA kA cayana vizAkhA kA vivAha dasa zikSAe~ daheja zvasurAlaya meM nirgranthoM se ghRNA zreSThI kA roSa xxxix 232-260 235 236 266 237 238 238 236 236 240 240 241 242 242 243 243 244 245 246 246 247 247 248 246 250 250 251 251 252

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xl jamAli Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana interest area zikSAoM kA spaSTIkaraNa mRgAra nitha-saMgha se buddha-saMgha kI ora tripiTaka sAhitya meM 2010_05 mRgAra-mAtA pUrvArAma nirmANa zAstA kA prasthAna sakhI kA galIcA 13. virodhI ziSya (Defiant Disciples) devadatta prAsAda kA utsava bhikSuoM dvArA nagna hI snAna ATha vara vara se upalabdhi 14. anuyAyI rAjA ( Royal Follower) zreNika-bimbisAra ajAtazatru para prabhAva deva dvArA sUcanA maudgalyAyana dvArA puSTi prakAzanIya karma nAlAgiri hAthI saMgha-bheda kI yojanA prathama samparka 262 262 263 263 263 ajAtazatru ko pitR-hatyA kI preraNA 264 buddha hatyA kA SaDyantra 265 devadatta dvArA prayatna 266 266 267 pA~ca sau bhikSuoM dvArA zalAkA-grahaNa 268 sAriputra aura maudgalyAyana dvArA prayatna dharma-cakSu kA lAbha uposatha kA Arambha [ khaNDa : 1 252 254 254 255 256 257 257 257 258 256 261-270 268 266 271-327 271 271 274 274 275

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itihAsa aura paramparA] viSayAnukramAMka xli sainikoM ko dIkSA-niSedha pakkusAti-pratibodha mRtyu ke bAda 275 276 277 Agama sAhitya meM 277 mahAvIra ke samparka meM rAjakumAroM kI dIkSA naraka-gamana aura tIrthaGkara pada rAjarSi prasannacandra ke viSaya meM 276 276 280 jaina yA boddha? 280 nAma-carcA W bhibhisAra Adi bimbisAra zreNika pitA kA nAma rAniyA~ rAjaputra 284 284 285 286 487 ajAtazatru kUNika 287 261 264 mahAvIra ke Agamana kA sandeza 288 mahAvIra kA campA-Agamana 286 mahAvIra kA upadeza 260 jaina yA bauddha ? dohada aura janma 264 zreNika kA putra-prema pitA ko kArAvAsa 265 pitA kA vadha 265 anutApa 266 jIvana-prasaMga : eka samIkSA 266 mAtR-paricaya nAma-bheda 268 267 266 mahAzilAkaMTaka-yuddha aura vajjI-vijaya mahAzilAkaMTaka saMgrAma indra kI sahAyatA 300 302 ____ 2010_05

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xlii Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 vaizAlI prAkAra-bhaMga 302 bauddha-paramparA-vajjiyoM se zatrutA 303 vajjiyoM meM bheda samIkSA 305 rAniyAM aura putra 306 mRtyu 306 pUrvabhava 307 0 0 0 0 abhayakumAra 308 308 306 janma pravRtti aura vyaktitva bauddha pravrajyA jaina pravrajyA upasaMhAra m m ~ m ~ udrAyaNa caNDa-pradyota yuddha-priyatA kisa dharma kA anuyAyI ? 317 udayana 318 AgamoM meM tripiTakoM meM samIkSA 318 316 prasenajita 320 320 322 buddha kA anuyAyI buddha meM anurakti ke kAraNa viDDama jaina AgamoM meM m m mr m 322 324 ceTaka 324 parivAra vaizAlI-gaNataMtra jitazatru, siMha aura ceTaka jIvana-paricaya 325 325 326 326 ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA viSayAnukramAMka xliii anya rAjA 326 - 15. parinirvANa (Parinirvana-Emancipation) 328-345 mahAvIra 330 lly s antima varSAvAsa antima dezanA va nirvANa 332 prazna carcAe~ zakra dvArA Ayu-vRddhi kI prArthanA 334 gautama ko kaivalya nirvANa-kalyANaka 336 dIpamAlotsava 1 GGG GMRK antima varSAvAsa Ananda kI bhUla mAra dvArA nivedana bhUkampa antima yAtrA AlAra-kAlAma ke ziSya kI bheMTa kakutthA nadI para kusinArA meM Ananda ke prazna Ananda kA rudana kUsinArA hI kyoM? antima Adeza nirvANa-gamana mahAkAzyapa kA Agamana dhAtu-vibhAjana 337 338 338 336 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 344 344 16. vihAra aura vaSAvAsa (Tours and Halts of Rainy Season) 346-353 17. tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta (Nigantha and Nigantha Nataputta (Mahavira in Tripitakas) 348-885 354 sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatA (Odium Eheologicum) ____ 2010_05

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xliv Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 prasaMgoM ko samagratA vargIkaraNa va bhASA 355 356 carcA-prasaMga 356 356 356 360 367 368 366 370 374 374 1. siMha senApati samIkSA 2. gRhapati upAli samIkSA 3. abhaya rAjakumAra samIkSA 4. karma-carcA samIkSA 5. nirgranthoM kA tapa samIkSA 6. asibandhaka putra grAmaNI samIkSA 7. nAlandA meM durbhikSa samIkSA 8. citra gRhapati samIkSA 6. kautUhalazAlA sutta samIkSA 376 376 378 378 380 380 0 mmm 381 381 382 382 383 384 384 10 abhaya licchavI samIkSA 11. loka sAnta-ananta samIkSA 12. vappa jaina zrAvaka samIkSA 13. sakula udAyI samIkSA 385 388 306 360 s ghaTanA-prasaMga 14. nirvANa-saMvAda-1 360 ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] ullekha-prasaMga 2010_05 viSayAnukramAMka 15. nirvANa - saMvAda - 2 361 16. nirvANa carcA 361 17. nigaNTha nAtaputta kI mRtyu kA kAraNa 362 samIkSA 362 18. divya zakti- pradarzana samIkSA 16. chaH buddha samIkSA 20. mRgAra zreSThI samIkSA 21. garahadinna aura sirigutta samIkSA 22. zrAmaNyaphala samIkSA 23. buddha: gharmAcAryoM meM kaniSTha samIkSA 24. sabhaya parivrAjaka samIkSA 25. subhadra parivrAjaka samIkSA 26. rAjagRha meM sAtoM dharma-nAyaka samIkSA 27. nigaSTha uposatha samIkSA 28. cha: abhijAtiyoM meM nigrantha samIkSA artha-bheda chaH lezyAeM bauddha abhijAtiyA~ 363 364 364 365 365 367 367 367 368 368 401 401 402 402 404 404 405 406 407 407 410 412 412 414 416 417 xlv

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xl vi Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 418 416 26. saccaka nigaNThaputra samIkSA 30. anAzvAsika brahmacarya-vAsa samIkSA 31. vibhinna matoM ke deva samIkSA 420 421 421 422 422 423 423 424 424 424 32. piMgalakoccha brAhmaNa samIkSA 33. jaTilasutta samIkSA 34. dhammika upAsaka samIkSA 35. mahAbodhikumAra samIkSA 36. mayUra aura kAka samIkSA 37. mAMsAhAra-carcA samIkSA 424 3 432 434 434 435 38. cAra prakAra ke loga samIkSA 436 437 mr m 36. nirganthoM ke pAMca doSa samIkSA 40. vastradhArI nigraMtha samIkSA o 436 41. maudgalyAyana kA vadha samIkSA 440 440 42. milinda prazna samIkSA 441 43. laMkA meM nirgrantha samIkSA 442 ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA viSayAnukramAMka xlvii 442 443 443 444 444 444 445 44. vaizAlI meM mahAmArI samIkSA 45. namo buddhassa, namo arahantAnaM samIkSA 46. nirgranthoM ko dAna samIkSA 47. nAlaka parivrAjaka samIkSA 48. jina-zrAvakoM ke sAtha samIkSA 46. bhadrA kuNDalakezA samIkSA 50. jyotirvid nigaNTha samIkSA 51. dhUli-dhUsarita nigaNTha 445 446 446 447 447 448 448 18. prAcAra-prantha aura AcAra-saMhitA (Code and Books of Discipline) 446-471 NisIha 446 racanA-kAla aura racayitA NisIha zabda kA abhiprAya mUla aura vistAra 446 451 452 452 vinaya piTaka aitihAsika-vRSTi bhASA-vicAra 455 viSaya-samIkSA 458 nizItha ke abrahmacarya-sambandhI prAyazcitta-vidhAna 458 461 464 vinaya piTaka ke abrahmacarya-sambandhI prAyazcitta-vidhAna prAyazcitta-vidhi AcAra-pakSa dIkSA-prasaMga dharma-saMgha meM striyoM kA sthAna 466 468 470 ____ 2010_05

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487 460 500 xlviii Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa:1 pariziSTa-1 (Appendix-1) tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli (Pali Texts of the Tripitakas referring to Nigantha and Nigantha Nataputta) 1. siMha senApati 475 2. gRhapati upAli 478 3. abhaya rAjakumAra 4. karma-carcA 5. nirgranthoM kA tapa 465 6. asibandhaka putra grAmaNI 468 7. nAlandA meM durbhikSa 8. citragRhapati 501 6. kutUhalazAlA 503 10. abhayalicchavI 504 11. loka sAnta-ananta 505 12. vappa-jaina zrAvaka 505 13. sakula udAyI 507 14. nirvANa-saMvAda (1) 15. nirvANa-saMvAda (2) 16, nirvANa-carcA 510 17. nigaNTha nAtaputta kI mRtyu kA kAraNa 512 18. divyazakti pradarzana 512 22. zrAmaNya phala 514 23. buddha ! dharmAcAryoM meM kaniSTha 516 24. sabhiya parivrAjaka 25. subhadra parivrAjaka 523 26. rAjagRha meM sAtoM dharmanAyaka 525 27. nigaNTha uposatha 527 28. chaH abhijAtiyoM meM nirgrantha 528 26. saccaka nigaNThaputra 529 30. anAzvAsika brahmacaryavAsa 530 508 506 521 ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA vaSayAnukramAMka xlix 532 534 535 536 31. vibhinna matoM ke deva 32. piMgala koccha brAhmaNa 33. jaTila sutta 34. ghammika sutta 35. mahAbodhi kumAra 36. mayUra aura kAka 37. mAMsAhAra carcA 38. cAra prakAra ke loga 36. nirgranthoM ke pA~ca doSa 42. milinda prazna 542 542 542 543 pariziSTa-2 (Appendix-II) 547 jaina pAribhASika zabda-koza (Technical Terms of the Jains) pariziSTa-3 (Appendix-III) bauddha pAribhASika zabda-koza (Technical Terms of the Buddhists) pariziSTa-4 (Appendix-IV) prayukta-anya sUcI 601 (Bibliography) zabdAnukrama (Index) 621 lekhaka kI anya kRtiyA~ (List of the works by the same author) 688 ____ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa eka itihAsa aura paramparA 2010_05

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2010_05

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mahAvIra aura buddha eka yA do? bhagavAn mahAvIra aura gautama buddha eka hI kAla aura eka hI deza meM utpanna hue the| donoM hI kSatriya rAjakumAra the| donoM ne hI yuvAvasthA meM gRha-tyAga kiyA thA, donoM ke eka-eka patnI' aura eka-eka santAna thI / jaina aura bauddha graMthoM ke anusAra sudIrgha sAdhanA ke pazcAt donoM ko hA bodhi-lAbha huA aura usake anusAra donoM kA hI mArga-vistAra huaa| donoM ke hI anuyAyI zramaNa, bhikSu aura zrAvaka khlaaye| donoM ke hI parinirvANa para mallavI, licchavI upAsaka rAjA vidyamAna the| astu, bhagavAn mahAvIra aura gautama buddha ke jIvana kI ye asAdhAraNa samAnatAeM haiM, jo sahasA kisI eka vicAraka ko socane ke liye prerita karatI haiM-kyA mahAvIra aura buddha ina do nAmoM meM pahacAne jAne vAlA koI eka hI to mahApuruSa nahIM hai ? yahI to kAraNa hai, kaI pazcimI vidvAn mAnane lage ki buddha aura mahAvIra eka hI vyakti haiM; kyoMki jaina aura bauddha paramparA kI mAnyatAoM meM anekavidha samAnatA hai| ___ itihAsa ke kSetra meM kucha dinoM taka kuhAsA-sA chAyA rhaa| kiMtu, anekAneka pramANoM se aba yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki mahAvIra aura buddha, ina do nAmoM se pahacAne jAne vAle do puruSa hI haiN| phira bhI ukta samAnatAeM itanI jvalanta haiM ki inakI ora dRSTipAta karane vAle vidvAn, mahAvIra aura buddha eka hI the, yaha tathya samaya-samaya para duharAte hI jAte haiN| san 1962 meM laMkA ke pramukha vidvAn DaoN. jayasUrya rAjagRha-yAtrA para Aye the| vahAM unhoMne mahAvIra aura buddha ke jIvana kI ukta samAnatAoM kA byaurA dete huye patra-pratinidhiyoM ko batAyA- "mere vicAra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra aura gautama buddha kadAcit hI do pRthak vyakti 1. digambara paramparA bhagavAn mahAvIra ko kumArAvasthA meM hI pravajita mAnato hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAcIna graMtha caupaNNamahApurisa cariyaM (pR0 272; saM0 50 amRtalAla mohanalAla bhojaka, prAkRta Taiksa sosAyaTI, ahamadAbAda, 1961) meM AcArya zIlAMka ne ullekha kiyA hai-saMpatto ya jovvaNaM / tassANuhAvaguNagaNANurAyA ya rAiNo samAgayAM Niyaya dhUyAo ghettUNa / paNamiyAau bhyvo| tAtparya, aneka kanyAoM ke sAtha mahAvIra kA pANigrahaNa huaa| para, vartamAna meM samasta zvetAmbara paramparAeM isa sambandha meM ekamata hI haiM ki mahAvIra ke eka hI patnI thii| 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 rahe haiN| sambhava hai, itihAsakAra isa sambandha meM nizcit khoja karane meM asamartha hI rahe hoN|" samaya-samaya para kucha loga isa tathya ko bhale hI duharAte raheM, itihAsa bahuta spaSTa ho cukA hai| yaha koI naI khoja na kahalAkara aba bIte yuga kI raTa mAtra raha gaI hai| jaba maiMne jaina dharma aura bauddha dharma kA anuzIlana Arambha kiyA, sahasA mujhe bhI lagA, sahAvIra aura buddha eka hI vyakti ho sakate haiM, para, jyoM-jyoM viSaya kI gaharAI meM pahuMcA, ukta dhAraNA svataH vilIna ho gii| buddha kI sAdhanA para nirgrantha-prabhAva bhagavAn mahAvIra gautama buddha se jyeSTha the| bhagavAn buddha ne jaba apanA dharma-pracAra prArambha kiyA thA, taba bhagavAn mahAvIra pracAra kI dizA meM bahuta kucha kara cuke the| bhagavAn buddha ke eka jIvana-prasaMga se yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki ve apanI sAdhanAvasthA meM pArzva-paramparA yA mahAvIra-paramparA se kisI rUpa meM sambaddha avazya rahe haiM / apane pramukha ziSya sAriputta se ve kahate haiM - "sAriputta ! bodhi-prApti se pUrva maiM dAr3hI-mUchoM kA luMcana karatA thaa| maiM khar3A raha kara tapasyA karatA thaa| ukaDU baiThakara tapasyA karatA thaa| maiM naMgA rahatA thaa| laukika AcAroM kA pAlana nahIM karatA thaa| hathelI para bhikSA lekara khAtA thaa|.......... baiThe huye sthAna para Akara diye huye anna ko, apane liye taiyAra kiye huye anna ko aura nimaMtraNa ko mI svIkAra nahIM karatA thaa| garbhiNI va stana-pAna karAne vAlI strI se bhikSA nahIM letA thaa|" yaha samasta AcAra jaina sAdhuoM kA hai| kucha sthavira-kalpika sAdhuoM kA aura kucha jina-lpika sAdhuoM kA / isase pratIta hotA hai ki gautama buddha pArzvanAtha-paramparA ke kisI zramaNa-saMgha meM dIkSita huye aura vahA~ se unhoMne bahuta kucha sadjJAna prApta kiyaa| jaina zAstroM va prAcIna granthoM meM bhagavAna buddha kI jIvana-gAthA vizeSataH upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| digambara-paramparA ke devasenAcArya (8vIM zatI) kRta darzanasAra meM gautama buddha dvArA prArambha meM jaina dIkSA grahaNa karane kA Azaya milatA hai| usameM batAyA gayA hai-"jaina zramaNa pihitAzrava ne sarayU nadI ke taTa para palAza nAmaka grAma zrI pArzvanAtha ke saMgha meM unheM dIkSA dI aura unakA nAma muni buddhikIrti rakhA / kucha samaya pazcAt ve matsya-mAMsa khAne lage aura rakta vastra pahinakara apane navIna dharma kA upadeza karane lge|" yaha ullekha apane Apa 1. hindustAna, naI dillI, 31 mArca, '62 / 2. majjhima nikAya, mahAsiMhanAda sutta, 111 / 2; dharmAnanda kosambI, bhagavAn buddha, pR068-69| 3. siripAsaNAhatitthe sarayUtIre palAsaNayarattho / pihiyAsavassa sisso mahAsudI buDDhakittimuNI / timipUraNAsaNehiM ahigayapavajjAo paribbhaTTho / rattaMbaraM dharittA pavaTTiya teNa eyaMtaM / / maMsassa Natthi jIvo jahA phale dahiya-duddha -sakkarae / tamhA taM baMchittA taM bhakkhaMto Na pAviTTho // -devasenAcArya, darzanasAra, zloka 6-8 paM0 nAthUrAma premI dvArA sampAdita, jaina graMtha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, 1920 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] mahAvIra aura buddha meM koI bahuta bar3A aitihAsika mahatva nahIM rakhatA, phira bhI, tathAprakAra ke samullekhoM ke sAtha apanA eka sthAna avazya banA letA hai| paM0 sukhalAlajI ne cAra tIrthakara meM va bauddha vidvAn zrI dharmAnanda kosambI ne pArzvanAtha kA cAturyAma dharma meM yahI dhAraNA vyakta kI hai ki bhagavAn buddha ne pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ko avazya svIkAra kiyA thA, bhale hI aisA thor3e samaya ke liye huA ho| vahIM unhoMne keza-luMcana Adi kI sAdhanAeM kIM aura 'cAturyAma' kA marma paayaa| suprasiddha itihAsakAra DA0 rAdhAkumuda mukarjI kahate haiM-"vAstavika bAta yaha jJAta hotI hai ki bu ki baddha ne pahale AtmAnabhava ke lie usa kAla meM pracalita donoM sAdhanAoM kA abhyAsa kiyA. AlAra aura udraka ke nirdesAnakAra brAhmaNa mArga kA aura taba jaina mArga kA aura bAda meM apane svatantra sAdhanA-mArga kA vikAsa kiyaa| unhoMne yaha bhI mAnA hai ........ve magadha janapada ke sainika-sanniveza uruvelA nAmaka sthAna meM gaye aura vahAM nadI aura grAma ke samIpa, jahAM bhikSA kI suvidhA thI, rahakara uccatara jJAna ke liye prayatna karane lge| isa prayatna kA rUpa uttarottara kaThora hotA huA tapa thA, jisakA jaina dharma meM upadeza hai, jisake karane se unakA zarIra asthi-paMjara aura tvacAmAtra raha gyaa| unhoMne zvAsa-prazvAsa aura bhojana donoM kA niyamana kiyA evaM kevala mUMga, kulathI, maTara aura hareNukA apane aJjalipuTa kI mAtrA-bhara svalpa yUSa lekara nirvAha karane lge|"2 zrImatI rAisa DeviDsa kA kahanA hai-"buddha ne apanI khoja kA Arambha pAca parivrAjakoM ke sAtha kiyA, jo paMcavargIya bhikSu kahalAte the| unake nAma the--AjJAkauNDinya, azvajit, vASpa, mahAnAma aura bhdrik| unhoMne naitika aura mAnasika jIvana meM buddha kI bahuta prakAra kI sahAyatA kii| unhoMne tapa karanA Arambha kiyA, jisakA vaizAlI ke jainoM meM bahuta pracAra thaa| ve samakAlIna siddhAntoM kI bhI carcA karate rahate the| unhoMne nirgranthoM se prakRti aura karma ke viSaya meM, AlAra aura udraka se dhyAna ke viSaya meM evaM sAMkhya se saMsAra viSayaka brAhmaNetara vicAroM kI paddhati ko liyA, jisakI mathurA yA takSazilA meM AcArya kapila ne sarvaprathama zikSA dI thii| aura bhI bahuta-sI bAtoM kA ve pArasparika vicAra karate the| isa sAmagrI meM se gar3hakara gautama ne apanA nayA mArga nikaalaa|"3 zrImatI rAisa DaviDsa ne gautama buddha dvArA jaina tapa-vidhi kA abhyAsa kiye jAne ko anyatra bhI carcAeM kI haiM- "buddha pahale guru kI khoja meM vaizAlI pahuMce, vahA~ AlAra aura udraka se unakI bheMTa huI, phira bAda meM unhoMne jaina dharma kI tapa-vidhi kA abhyAsa kiyaa|"4 1. DaoN. rAdhAkumuda mukarjI, hindU sabhyatA, pR0 236, DA0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla dvArA ___ anUdita rAjakamala prakAzana, dillI, 1655 / 2. vahI, pR0 236-40 / 3. Mrs. Rhys Davids, Sakya, p. 123. 4. Mrs. Rhys Davids, Gautama the Man, pp. 22-25. ____ 2010_05

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samasAmayika dharma-nAyaka bhagavAn mahAvIra aura gautama buddha ke yuga meM zramaNoM va brAhmaNoM kA saMgharSa bahuta jvalanta ho cukA thaa| zramaNa-sampradAya bhI aneka ho cuke the| ve brAhmaNa-paramparA se lohA le rahe the, to eka ora pArasparika vAda-vivAda meM bhI lage the, aisA AgamoM va piTakoM se vidita hotA hai| tripiTakoM meM tripiTakoM meM sAta jinoM kI carcA kaI sthAnoM para milatI hai / ve sAta jina the--pUraNa kassapa, (pUrNa kAzyapa), makkhalI gozAla, ajita kesakambalI, pakudha kaccAyana (prakrudha kAtyAyana,) saMjaya belaThThiputta, nigaNTha nAtaputta (nirgrantha jJAtaputta) aura gautama buddha / dIgha nikAya ke sAmaJaphala sutta meM sAtoM dharma-nAyakoM kI mAnyatA kA vivaraNa milatA haiN| dharmAnanda kosambI ne una mAnyatAoM kA sAra nimna rUpa se upasthita kiyA hai : 1. pUraNa kassapa : AkrayavAdI pUraNa kassapa akriyavAda ke samarthaka the| ve kahate the-"agara koI kucha kare yA karAye, kATe yA kaTAye, kaSTa de yA dilAye, zoka kare yA karAye, kisI ko kucha duHkha ho yA koI de, Dara lage yA DarAye, prANiyoM ko mAra DAle, corI kare, ghara meM seMdha lagAye, DAkA DAle, eka hI makAna para dhAvA bola de, baTamArI kare, paradArA-gamana kare yA asatya bole, to bhI use pApa nahIM lgtaa| tIkSNa dhAra vAle cakra se yadi koI isa saMsAra ke pazuoM ke mAMsa kA bar3A Dhera lagA de, to bhI usameM bilkula pApa nahIM hai| usameM koI doSa nahIM hai| gaMgA nadI ke dakSiNI kinAre para jAkara yadi koI mAra-pITa kare, kATe yA kaTavAye, kaSTa de yA dilAye, to bhI usameM bilakula pApa nahIM hai / gaMgA nadI ke uttarI kinAre para jAkara yadi koI aneka dAna kare yA karavAye, yajJa kare yA karavAye, to bhI usameM koI puNya nahIM milatA / dAna, dama saMyama aura satya-bhASaNa se paNya kI prApti nahIM hotii|" 1. bhagavAn buddha, pR0 181-183 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] 2. makkha logozAla : niyativAdI makkhalIgozAla saMsAra-zuddhivAdI yA niyativAdI the / ve kahate the-- "prANI kI apavitratA ke lie koI hetu nahIM hotA, koI kAraNa nahIM hotaa| hetu ke binA, kAraNa ke binA prANI apavitra hote haiM / prANI kI zuddhi ke lie koI hetu nahIM hotA, koI kAraNa nahIM hotaa| hetu ke binA, kAraNa ke binA prANI zuddha hote haiN| apane sAmarthya se kucha nahIM hotA / dUsare ke sAmarthya se kucha nahIM hotA / puruSa ke sAmarthya se kucha nahIM hotA / kisI meM bala nahIM hai, bIrya nahIM hai, puruSa-zakti nahIM hai, puruSa-parAkrama nahIM hai / sarvasatva, sarvaprANI, sarvabhUta, sarvajIva to avaza, durbala evaM nirvIrya haiM / ve niryAta saMgati evaM svabhAva ke kAraNa pariNata hote haiM ora chaH meM se kisI eka abhijAti (varga) meM raha kara sukha-duHkha kA upabhoga karate haiM / " samasAmayika dharma - nAyaka 3. ajita kezakambalI : ucchedavAdI - ajita kezakambalI ucchedavAdI the / ve kahate the - " dAna, yajJa aura homa meM kucha tathya nahIM hai| acche bure karmoM kA phala aura pariNAma nahIM hotaa| ihaloka, paraloka, mAtApitA athavA aupapAtika ( devatA yA narakavAsI) prANI nahIM haiN| ihaloka aura paraloka kA acchA jJAna prApta kara dUsaroM ko dekhane vAle dArzanika ora yogya mArga para calane vAle zramaNa-brAhmaNa isa saMsAra meM nahIM haiN| manuSya cAra bhUtoM kA banA huA hai / jaba vaha maratA hai, taba usake andara kI pRthvI dhAtu pRthvI meM, ApI-dhAtu jala meM, tejI-dhAtu teja meM aura vAyudhAtu vAyu meM jA milatI hai tathA indriyAM AkAza meM calI jAtI haiN| mRta vyakti ko arthI para rakha kara cAra puruSa zmazAna meM le jAte haiN| usake guNa-avaguNoM kI carcA hotI hai / usakI asthiyAM zveta ho jAtI haiM / use dI jAne vAlI AhutiyAM bhasma rUpa bana jAtI haiM / dAna kA jhagar3A mUrkha logoM ne khar3A kara diyA hai| jo koI AstikavAda batAte haiM, unakI vaha bAta bilakula jhUThI aura vRthA bakavAsa hotI hai / zarIra ke bheda ke pazcAt vidvAnoM aura mUrkho kA uccheda hotA hai, ve naSTa hote haiM / mRtyu ke anantara unakA kucha bhI zeSa nahIM rahatA / " 4. pakudha kaccAyana : anyonyavAdI 1 pakudha kaccAyana anyonyavAdI the / ve kahate the - "sAta padArtha kisI ke kiye, karavAye, banAye yA banavAye hue nahIM haiM, ve to vandhya, kUTastha aura nagara dvAra ke stambha kI taraha acala haiM / ve na hilate haiM, na badalate haiN| eka-dUsare ko ve nahIM satAte, eka-dUsare kA sukhaduHkha utpanna karane meM ve asamartha haiM / ve haiM - pRthvI, ap, teja, vAyu, sukha, duHkha evaM jIva / inheM mArane vAlA, maravAne vAlA, sunane vAlA, sunAne vAlA, jAnane vAlA athavA inakA varNana karane vAlA koI bhI nahIM hai / jo koI tIkSNa zastra se kisI kA sira kATa DAlatA hai, vaha usakA prANa nahIM letaa| itanA hI samajhanA cAhie ki sAta padArthoM ke bIca ke avakAza meM zastra ghusa gayA hai|" 5. saMjaya velaTThiputta : vikSepavAvI saMjaya velaTThaputtavikSepavAdI the / ve kahate the - "yadi koI mujhe pUche ki kyA paraloka 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 hai aura agara mujhe aisA lage ki paraloka hai, to maiM kahUMgA-hAM / parantu, mujhe vaisA nahIM lgtaa| mujhe aisA bhI nahIM lagatA ki paraloka nahIM hai| aupapAtika prANI hai yA nahIM, acchebure karma kA phala hotA hai yA nahIM, tathAgata mRtyu ke bAda rahatA hai yA nahIM, iname se kisI bhI bAta ke viSaya meM merI koI nizcita dhAraNA nahIM hai|" 6. nigaNTha nAtaputta : cAturyAma saMvaravAdI "nigaNTha nAtaputta (mahAvIra) cAturyAma saMvaravAdI the| unake cAra saMvara the : 1. nirgrantha jala ke vyavahAra kA vAraNa karatA hai, jisase jala ke jIva na mara jAyeM / 2. nirgrantha sabhI pApoM kA vAraNa karatA hai| 3. nirgrantha sabhI pApoM ke vAraNa karane se dhutapApa ho jAtA hai| 4. nirgrantha sabhI pApoM ke vAraNa karane meM lagA rahatA hai| isa prakAra nirgrantha cAra saMvaroM se saMvRta rahatA hai, isIlie vaha nirgrantha, gatAtmA (anicchuka), yatAtmA (saMyamI) aura sthitAtmA kahalAtA hai|" chaH dharma-nAyakoM kI ukta mAnyatAeM bauddha zAstrakAroM ne nirAkaraNa-buddhi se yahAM prastuta kI haiM, isalie yaha nahIM mAna lenA cAhie ki ukta dharma nAyakoM kI mAnyatAoM kA yaha koI sarvAMzataH prAmANika aura paryApta byaurA hai| nirgrantha jJAtaputra kI ukta mAnyatA ke paThana mAtra se hI spaSTa hotA hai ki bauddha zAstrakAroM ne yahAM paryApta taTasthatA aura pUrNa jAnakArI se kAma nahIM liyA hai| isI prakAra anya dharma-nAyakoM ke sambandha meM bhI yahI socA jA sakatA hai| kintu, kula milAkara yaha mAna lene meM bhI koI hAni nahIM lagatI ki sthUla rUpa se vibhinna dharma-nAyakoM kI vibhinna mAnyatAoM kA eka aspaSTa aura apUrNa-sA pratibimba ina meM avazya AyA hai| jo mAnyatAeM Aja lupta ho cukI haiM, unakI jAnakArI ke lie ye prakaraNa avazya upayogI ho jAte haiN| sAmaJaphala sutta ke isa sAre prakaraNa kA abhiprAya bhI anya sAre dharma-nAyakoM kI nyUnatA batalAkara gautama buddha kI zreSThatA batalAnA hai| vaha bhI isa sandarbha meM ki ajAtazatru (koNika) gautama buddha ke pAsa AtA hai aura zrAmaNya kA pratyakSa phala pUchatA hai| gautama buddha dvArA yaha pUche jAne para, "rAjan ! yaha zrAmaNya-phala kyA anya taithikoM se bhI pUchA hai ?" ajAtazatra ne kahA- " maiM chahoM dharma-nAyakoM ko yaha prazna pUcha cukA huuN| unhoMne apaneapane batalAye, para pazna kA yathocita uttara nahIM diyaa| bhante ! jaisA ki pUche Ama, uttara de kaTahala, pUche kaTahala, uttara de Ama / mujhe unake uttara se koI santoSa nahIM milaa|" . bhagavAn buddha ne apanI ora se pratyakSa zrAmaNya-phala batAte hue kahA-"rAjan ! Apake abhiprAya ke anusAra calane vAlA, sevAbhAvI, madhurabhASI aura pratyeka kArya meM tatpara ApakA eka karmakara socatA hai, puNya kI gati aura puNya kA phala bar3A adbhuta aura AzcaryakArI hai| ye magadharAja ajAtazatru bhI manuSya haiM aura maiM bhI manuSya hI huuN| ye pAMca prakAra ke kAmaguNoM kA bhoga karate hue devatA kI taraha vicarate haiM aura maiM inakA dAsa hU~; ataH inakI sevA karatA huuN| mujhe puNya-kArya karanA caahie| sira aura dAr3hI muMDavA kara, kASAya vastra pahina ghara se beghara ho, pravajita ho jAnA caahie| aura usane vaisA hI kiyaa| zarIra, vacana aura mana 1. dIdha nikAya (hindI anuvAda), pR0 21 kA sAra / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] samasAmayika dharma - nAyaka se saMvRta hokara vaha vihAra karane lagA / mAtra bhojana aura vastroM meM hI santuSTa raha kara ekAnta meM lIna rahane lgaa| rAjan ! koI nAgarika Apako isa ghaTanA se sUcita kare, to kyA Apa cAheMge ki vaha puruSa usa sAdhanA se lauTa Aye aura punaH karmakara hokara hI rahe ?" "nahIM bhante ! aisA nahIM hogA / hama to usakA abhivAdana kareMge, pratyutthAna kareMge, usakI sevA kareMge, usako Asana deMge aura cIvara, piNDapAta, zayana Asana, auSadhi va pathya Adi ke lie use nimaMtraNa deNge| usakI sabhI taraha se dekha-bhAla kareMge / " "rAjan ! yadi vaha aisA hI hai to kyA yaha sAMdRSTika ( pratyakSa ) zrAmaNya phala nahIM hai ?" "avazya, bhante ! yaha sAMdRSTika zrAmaNya phala hI hai / " zrAgamoM meM sUyagaDAMga, ( sutrakRtAMga ) Agama meM bhI sAmaphala sutta kI taraha samasAmayika aneka matavAdoM kA varNana milatA hai / vahA~ "kucha eka aisA mAnate haiM" kI zailI se mukhyata: likhA gayA hai / matoM va mata- pravartakoM ke ullekha vahAM nahIM haiM / isI Agama ke prathama zrutaskandha, a0 1, uddezya 1, gAthA 13 meM pUraNa kassapa ke akriyavAda' kI, gAthA 15-16 meM pakudha kaccAyana ke anyonyavAda kI gAthA 11-12 meM ajita kesakambalI ke ucchedavAda kI jhalaka milatI hai / isa Agama meM varNita ajJAnavAda meM saMjaya velaTThiputta ke vikSepavAda kI jhalaka milatI hai / bauddha aura AjIvikoM ke to vahA~ spaSTa abhimata milate hI haiN| TIkAkAra zrI zIlAMkAcArya ne ina matoM kI pahacAna bauddha, vArhaspatya, cArvAka, vedAnta, sAMkhya, adRSTavAda AjIvaka, trairAzika, zaiva Adi matoM ke rUpa meM kI hai / jaina zAstrakAroM tatkAlIna vibhinna matoM ke kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, ajJAnavAda aura vainayikavAda ke vibhAgoM meM bA~TA hai / Abreka muni suyagaDAMga kA adda ijjaNAma ( AvakIyAkhya) adhyayana bhI sAmaJJaphala sutta kI taraha 1. kuvvaM ca kArayaM ceva, savvaM kuvvaM na vijjaI / evaM akArao appA, evaM te u pagamiA || 2. santi paMca mahabbhUyA, ihamegesi AhiyA / AyachaTTho puNo Ahu, AyA loge ya sAsae || duo Na viNassaMti, no ya uppajjae ase / savve'vi savvA bhAvA, niyattI bhAva mAgayA // 3. patte kasiNe AyA, je bAlA je a paMDiA / saMti piccA na te saMti, natthi sattovavAiyA // puNe va pAve vA, natthi loe ito vare / sarIrassa viNAseNaM, viNAso hoi dehiNo // 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : usa samaya ke vibhinna matavAdoM kA sundara saMketa detA hai / sUyagaDAMga niyukti ke anusAra ArdrakakumAra ArdrakakumAra pura ke rAjakumAra the| unake pitA ne eka bAra apane mitra rAjA zreNika ke lie bahumUlya upahAra bheje| usa samaya Ardraka ne bhI abhayakumAra ke lie upahAra bheje| rAjagRha se bhI unake badale meM upahAra aaye| ArdrakakumAra ke liye abhayakumAra kI ora se arhata-pratimA upahAra svarUpa bhejI gii| use pAkara ArdrakakumAra pratibuddha hue| jAti-smaraNa jJAna ke AdhAra se unhoMne dIkSA grahaNa kI aura vahAM se bhagavAn mahAvIra kI ora vihAra kiyaa| mArga meM eka-eka kara vibhinna matoM ke anuyAyI mile / unhoMne ArdrakakumAra se dharma-carcAeM kii| ArdrakakumAra muni ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mata kA samarthana karate huye sabhI matavAdoM kA khaNDana kiyA / vaha sarasa carcA-prasaMga isa prakAra hai : gozAlaka-Ardraka ! maiM tumheM mahAvIra ke vigata jIvana kI kathA sunAtA huuN| vaha pahale ekAnta vihArI zramaNa thaa| aba vaha bhikSu-saMgha ke sAtha dharmopadeza karane calA hai| isa prakAra usa asthirAtmA ne apanI AjIvikA calAne kA DhoMga racA hai| usake vartatAna ke AcaraNa meM aura vigata ke AcaraNa meM spaSTa virodha hai| Ardraka muni-bhagavAna mahAvIra kA ekAnta-bhAva atIta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya-ina tInoM kAloM meM sthira rahane vAlA hai| rAga-dveSa se rahita ve sahasroM ke bIca meM raha kara bhI ekAnta-sAdhanA kara rahe haiN| jitendriya sAdhu vANI ke guNa-doSoM ko samajhatA huA upadeza de, isameM kiMcit bhI doSa nahIM hai| jo mahAvrata, aNuvrata, Azrava, saMvara Adi zramaNa-dharmoM ko jAna kara, virakti ko apanA kara, karma-bandhana se dUra rahatA hai, use maiM zramaNa mAnatA huuN| gozAlaka-hamAre siddhAMta ke anusAra kaccA pAnI pIne meM, bIjAdi dhAnya ke khAne meM, uddiSTa AhAra ke grahaNa meM tathA strI-saMbhoga meM ekAnta vihArI tapasvI ko koI pApa nahIM lgtaa| AIka muni-yadi aisA hai, to sabhI gRhasthI zramaNa hI haiM; kyoMki ve ye sabhI kArya karate haiN| kaccA pAnI pIne vAle, bIja dhAnya Adi khAne vAle bhikSu to kevala peTa bharAI ke lie hI bhikSa bane haiN| saMsAra kA tyAga karake bhI ye mokSa ko pA sakeMge, aisA maiM nahIM maantaa| gozAlaka-aisA kaha kara to tuma sabhI matoM kA tiraskAra kara rahe ho / Ardraka muni-dUsare mata vAle apane mata kA bakhAna karate haiM aura dUsaroM kI nindA / ve kahate haiM -- tattva hameM hI milA hai, dUsaroM ko nhiiN| maiM to mithyA mAnyatAoM kA tiraskAra karatA hai, kisI vyakti vizeSa kA nhiiN| jo saMyamI kisI sthAvara prANI ko kaSTa denA nahIM cAhate, ve kisI kA tiraskAra kaise kara sakate haiM ? gozAlaka-tumhArA zramaNa udyAna-zAlAoM meM dharmazAlAoM meM isIlie nahIM ThaharatA ki vahA~ aneka tAkika paNDita, aneka vijJa bhikSu Thaharate haiN| use Dara hai ki ve mujhe kucha pUcha baiThe aura maiM unakA uttara na de skuuN| Ardraka muni-bhagavAn mahAvIra binA prayojana ke koI kArya nahIM karate tathA ve 1. DA0 jyotiprasAda jaina ne Ardra kakumAra ko IrAna ke aitihAsika samrAT kuruSa (I0 pU0 558-530) kA putra mAnA hai| (bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi, pR0 67-68 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1961) ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] samasAmayika dharma - nAyaka ha bAlaka kI taraha binA vicAre bhI koI kAma nahIM krte| ve rAja-bhaya se bhI dharmopadeza nahIM karate ; phira dUsareM bhaya kI to bAta hI kyA ? ve praznoM kA uttara dete haiM aura nahIM bhI dete / ve apanI siddhi ke lie tathA Arya logoM ke uddhAra ke liye upadeza karate haiM / ve sarvajJa sunane vAloM ke pAsa jAkara athavA na jAkara dharma kA upadeza karate haiM, kintu, anArya loga darzana se bhraSTa hote haiM; isalie bhagavAn unake pAsa nahIM jAte / gozAlaka--- jaise lAbhArthI vaNik kraya-vikraya kI vastu ko lekara mahAjanoM se samparka karatA hai ; merI dRSTi se tumhArA mahAvIra bhI lAbhArthI vaNik hai / Ardraka muni - mahAvIra navIna karma nahIM karate / purAne karmoM kA nAza karate haiM / ve mokSa kA udaya cAhate hai, isa artha meM ve lAbhArthI haiM; yaha maiM mAnatA hU~ / vaNik to hiMsA, asatya, abrahma Adi aneka pApa karma karane vAle haiM aura unakA lAbha bhI cAra gati meM bhramaNa rUpa hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra jo lAbha arjita kara rahe hai, usakI Adi haiM, para, anta nahIM hai / ve pUrNa ahiMsaka, paropakAraka aura dharma- sthita haiM / unakI tulanA tuma Atma-ahita karane vAle vaNik ke sAtha kara rahe ho, yaha tumhAre ajJAna ke anurUpa hI hai / bauddha bhikSu bauddha bhikSu -- koI puruSa khalI ke piNDa ko puruSa mAna kara pakAye athavA tumbe ko bAlaka mAna kara pakAye, to vaha hamAre mata ke anusAra bhI puruSa aura bAlaka ke vadha kA hI pApa karatA hai / isI prakAra yadi koI vyakti puruSa va bAlaka ko khalI va tumbA samajha kara bhedita karatA hai va pakAtA hai, to vaha puruSa va bAlaka ke vadha karane kA pApa upArjita nahIM krtaa| sAtha-sAtha itanA aura ki hamAre mata meM vaha pakva mAMsa pavitra aura buddhoM ke pAraNe ke yogya hai / adra kumAra ! hamAre mata meM yaha bhI mAnA gayA hai ki jo vyakti pratidina do sahasra snAtaka' (bodhisattva) bhikSuoM ko bhojana karAtA hai, vaha devagati meM Aropya' nAmaka sarvottama deva hotA hai / 3 1. zrI zIlAMkAcArya, sUtrakRtAMgavRtti, zru0 2, a0 6, gA0 26, pra0 zrI goDIjI pArzvanAtha jaina derAsaraper3hI, bambaI, 1650 2. dIgha nikAya, mahAnidAna sutta meM kAma bhava, rUpa bhava, arUpa bhava -- buddha ne ye tIna prakAra ke bhava batalAye haiM / arUpa bhava kA artha nirAkAra loka batalAyA hai / 3. pinnAgapiMr3Imavi viddha sUle, kei paejjA purise imetti / alAuyaM vAvi kumAraetti, sa lippatI pANivaNa amhaM || ahavAvi viddhUNa milakkhu sUle, pinnAgabuddhIi jaraMpaejjA / kumAragaM vAdi alAbuyaMti, na lippai pANiveheNa amhaM // purisaM ca viddhUNa kumAragaM vA, sUlaMmi keI pae jAyate / pinnAya piMDaM satimAruhettA, buddhANa taM kappati pAraNAe / siNAyagANaM tu duve sahasse, je bhoyae yie bhikkhuyANaM / te punnakhaMdhaM sumahaM jINittA, bhavaMti Aroppa mahaMtasattA // - zrI sUtrakRtAMga sUtram, zru0 2 a0 6, pra0 mahAvIra jaina, jJAnodaya sosAyaTI, rAjakoTa, 1938 / 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 ArdrakakumAra-isa prakAra prANa-bhUta kI hiMsA karanA aura usameM pApa kA abhAva kahanA; saMyamI puruSa ke lie ucita nahIM hai| isa prakAra kA jo upadeza dete haiM aura jo sunate haiM, ve donoM hI prakAra ke loga ajJAna aura akalyANa ko prApta karane vAle haiN| jise pramAdarahita hokara saMyama aura ahiMsA kA pAlana karanA hai aura jo sthAvara va jagama prANiyoM ke svarUpa ko samajhatA hai, kyA vaha kabhI aisI bAta kaha sakatA hai, jo tuma kahate ho / bAlaka ko tumbA samajha kara aura tumbe ko bAlaka samajha kara pakA le, kyA yaha koI hone vAlI bAta hai ? jo aisA kahate haiM, ve asatya-bhASI aura anArya haiN| mana meM to bAlaka samajhanA aura Upara se use tumbA kahanA, kyA yaha saMyamI puruSa ke lakSaNa haiM ? sthUla aura puSTa bher3a ko mAra kara, use acchI taraha se kATa kara usake mAMsa meM namaka DAla kara, tela meM tala kara, pippalI Adi dravyoM se baghAra kara tumhAre liye taiyAra karate haiM ; usa mAMsa ko tuma khAte ho aura yaha kahate ho ki hameM pApa nahIM lagatA ; yaha saba tumhAre duSTa svabhAva tathA rasa-laMpaTatA kA sUcaka hai / isa prakAra kA mAMsa koI anajAna meM bhI khAtA hai, vaha pApa karatA hai; phira yaha kaha kara ki hama jAna kara nahIM khAte; isalie hameM doSa nahIM hai, sarAsara jhUTha nahIM to kyA hai ? prANI-mAtra ke prati dayA-bhAva rakhane vAle, sAvadya doSoM kA varjana karane vAle nAtaputta bhikSu doSa kI AzaMkA se uddiSTa bhojana kA hI vivarjana karate haiN| jo sthAvara aura jaMgama prANiyoM ko thor3I bhI pIr3A ho; aisA pravartana nahIM karate haiM, ve aisA pramAda nahIM kara skte| saMyamI puruSa kA dharma-pAlana itanA sUkSma hai / jo vyakti pratidina do-do sahasra stAnaka bhikSuoM ko bhojana khilAtA hai, vaha to pUrNa asaMyamI hai / lohI se sane hAtha vAlA vyakti isa loka meM bhI tiraskAra kA pAtra hai, usaka paraloka meM uttama gati kI bAta hI kahA~ ? jisa vacana se pApa ko uttejana milatA hai, vaha vacana kabhI nahIM bolanA caahie| tathAprakAra kI tattva-zUnya vANI guNoM se rahita hai| dIkSita kahalAne vAle bhikSuoM ko to vaha kabhI bolanI hI nahIM caahie| he bhikSuo! tumane hI padArtha kA jJAna prApta kiyA hai aura jIvoM ke zubhAzubhakarma-phala ko samajhA hai ! sambhavata: isI vijJAna se tumhArA yaza pUrva va pazcima samudra taka phailA hai aura tumane hI samasta loka ko hastagata padArtha kI taraha dekhA hai ! vedavAdI brAhmaNa - vedavAdI-jo pratidina do sahasra snAtaka brAhmaNoM ko bhojana khilAtA hai, vaha puNya kI rAzi ekatrita kara deva-gati meM utpanna hotA hai, aisA hamArA veda-vAkya hai| Ardraka muni-mArjAra kI taraha ghara-ghara bhaTakane vAle do hajAra snAtakoM ko jo khilAtA hai, vaha mAMsAhArI pakSiyoM se paripUrNa tathA tIvra vedanAmaya naraka meM jAtA hai / dayApradhAna dharma kI nindA aura hiMsA-pradhAna dharma kI prazaMsA karane vAlA manuSya eka bhI zIla rahita brAhmaNa ko khilAtA hai, to vaha andhakAra yukta naraka meM bhaTakatA hai| use deva-gati kahA~ hai ? 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA samasAmayika dharma-nAyaka AtmAdvaitavAdI ___ AtmAdvaitavAdI'-Ardra kamuni ! apane donoM kA dharma samAna hai| vaha bhUta meM bhI thA aura bhaviSya meM bhI rhegaa| apane donoM dharmoM meM AcAra-pradhAna zIla tathA jJAna ko mahattva diyA gayA hai| punarjanma kI mAnyatA meM bhI koI bheda nahIM hai| kintu, hama eka avyakta, lokavyApI, sanAtana, akSaya aura avyaya AtmA ko mAnate haiN| vaha prANImAtra meM vyApta hai, jaise-candra tArikAoM meN| AIka muni-yadi aisA ho to phira brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya va dAsa; isI prakAra kIr3e, paMkhI, sarpa, manuSya va deva Adi bheda hI nahIM raheMge aura ve pRthak-pRthak sukha-duHkha bhogate hue isa saMsAra meM bhaTakeMge bhI kyoM ? paripUrNa kaivalya se loka ko samajhe binA jo dUsaroM ko dharmopadeza karate haiM, ve apanA aura dUsaroM kA nAza karate haiN| paripUrNa kaivalya se loka-svarUpa ko samajha kara tathA pUrNa jJAna meM samAdhiyukta bana kara jo dharmopadeza karate haiM, ve svayaM tara jAte haiM aura dUsaroM ko bhI tAra lete haiN| isa prakAra tiraskAra-yogya jJAnI AtmAdvaitavAdiyoM ko aura sampUrNa jJAna, darzana, cAritrya-yukta jinoM ko apanI samajha meM samAna batalA kara he AyuSman ! tU apanI hI viparItatA prakaTa karatA hai| hastI tApasa hastI tApasa-hama eka varSa meM eka bar3e hAthI ko mAra kara apanI AjIvikA calAte haiN| aisA hama anya samasta prANiyoM ke prati anukampA-buddhi rakhate hue karate haiN| Ardraka muni-eka varSa meM eka hI prANI mArate ho aura phira cAhe anya jIvoM ko nahIM bhI mArate, kintu, itane bhara se tuma doSa mukta nahIM ho jAte / apane nimitta eka hI prANI kA vadha karane vAle tumhAre meM aura gRhasthoM meM thor3A hI antara hai| tumhAre jaise Atma-ahita karane vAle manuSya kabhI kevala jJAnI nahIM ho skte| tathArUpa svakalpita dhAraNAoM ke anusaraNa karane kI apekSA, jisa manuSya ne jJAnI ke AjJAnusAra mokSa-mArga meM mana, vacana, kAyA se apane Apako sthita kiyA hai tathA jisane doSoM se apanI AtmA kA saMrakSaNa kiyA hai aura isa saMsAra-samudra ko tairane ke sAdhana prApta kiye haiM; vahIM puruSa dUsaroM ko dharmopadeza de| ____sAmAphala sutta kI taraha sUyagar3AMga kA yaha addaijjaNAma adhyayana para-mata-nirAkaraNa kA hai; ata: isameM bhI usI prakAra sabhI itara matoM kA nirasana kiyA gayA hai| prakaraNa kI mUla gAthAoM meM adhikAMzataH carcita matoM ke nAma nahIM haiN| vyAkhyAkAroM ne bhAvAnugata saMjJAyeM dI haiN| gAthA 28 meM buddhANa taM kappati pAraNAe kA prayoga huA hai| vahA~ abhipreta hai; 1. TIkAkAra zrI zIlAMkAcArya ne(2-6-46)ise ekadaNDI kahA hai / DA0 haramana jekobI ne apane aMgrejI anuvAda (S.B.E. vol XLV,I. 417 n.) meM ise vedAntI kahA hai / prastuta mAnyatA ko dekhate hue DA0 jekobI kA artha saMgata lagatA hai| TIkAkAra ne bhI agalI gAthA meM yahI artha svIkAra kiyA hai| 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 tathArUpa mAMsa buddhoM ke pAraNA ke lie vihita hai| TIkAkAra ne buddha zabda ko buddhoM ke artha meM hI grahaNa kiyA hai| isakA artha yadi vyaktigata gautama buddha se nahIM lete haiM, to kahA jA sakatA hai; jaina AgamoM meM kahIM bhI gautama buddha kI nAmagrAha carcA nahIM hai| gAthA 26 meM siNAyagANaMsnAtaka zabda kA prayoga huA hai| TIkAkAra ne usakA artha bodhisattva kiyA hai| kintu, yaha hA jA sakatA hai| anyatra TIkAkAra ne bhI isakA artha nityaM snAyino brahmacAriNaH snAtakAH kiyA hai| buddha zabda kA prayoga jaise bauddhoM kI vaktavyatA meM huA hai| vaise ArdrakakumAra ne bhI zIla-guNopapeta jaina muni ko buddha' kahA hai| jIvana-paricaya mahAvIra aura buddha ke jIvana-vRtta to paryApta rUpa meM yatra-tatra mila hI rahe haiM; zeSa pA~ca dharma-nAyakoM ke prAmANika aura paryApta jIvana-vRtta nahIM mila rahe haiN| isakA kAraNa unake sampradAyoM kA lopa ho jAnA hai / AgamoM aura tripiTakoM meM kinhIM-kinhIM dharma-nAyakoM ke jIvana-prasaMga yatkicit rUpa meM milate haiM / 1. pUraNa kassapa anubhavoM se paripUrNa mAna kara loga inheM pUrNa kahate the; brAhmaNa the; isalie kAzyapa / ve nagna rahate the aura unake assI hajAra anuyAyI the| eka bauddha kiMvadantI ke anusAra ye eka pratiSThita gRhastha ke putra the| eka dina unake svAmI ne unheM dvArapAla kA kAma sauNpaa| unhoMne ise apanA apamAna smjhaa| ve virakta hokara araNya kI ora cala pdd'e| mArga meM coroM ne inake kapar3e chIna liye| taba se ve nagna hI rahane lge| eka bAra jaba ve kisI grAma meM gaye, to logoM ne unheM pahanane ke lie vastra diye| unhoMne yaha kaha kara vastra lauTA diye"vastra kA prayojana lajjA-nivAraNa hai aura lajjA kA mUla pApamaya pravRtti hai| maiM to pApamaya pravRtti se dUra hU~; ata: mujhe vastroM kA kyA prayojana ?" pUraNa kassapa kI nispRhatA aura asaMgatA dekhakara janatA unakI anuyAyI hone lgii|2 ___ jaina Agama bhagavatI sUtra zataka 3, u0 2 meM pUraNa tApasa kA vistRta varNana milatA hai / vaha bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA samasAyika thA; para, pUraNa kassapa ke sAtha unakI koI saMgati ho, aisA nahIM lgtaa| paraNa kassapa ke nidhana ke sambandha meM dhammapada-aTakathA meM eka bahata hI adabhuta tathA asvAbhAvika-sA udanta milatA hai| vahAM batAyA gayA hai-rAjagRha meM taithikoM va buddha ke bIca prAtihArya (divyazakti) pradarzana kA vAtAvaraNa bnaa| rAjA bimbisAra ke sammukha buddha ne ghoSaNA kI-maiM AgAmI ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko zrAvastI meM prAtihArya-pradarzana kruuNgaa|" tairthika 1. niggaMthadhammami imaM samAhiM, assi suThiccA aNihe crejjaa| ___ buddhe muNI sIlaguNovavee, accatthataM (o) pAuNatI siloN|| 2. bauddhaparva (marAThI), pra0 10, pR0 127; bhagavatI sUtra, dvitIya khaNDa, pR0 56, paM0 becaradAsa dvArA anUdita va sNshodhit| ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] samasAmayika dharma - nAyaka 13 loga bhI unake prAtihArya ko asaphala aura apane prAtihArya ko saphala karane ke lie unake sAtha ho lie| zAstA kramazaH zrAvastI pahu~ce / taithika bhI vahA~ phuNce| unhoMne apane bhaktoM ko sAvadhAna kiyA / eka lAkha kArSApaNa ekatrita kiye| khera ke khambhoM se maNDapa banAyA / use nIle kamala se AcchAdita kiyA gayA / prAtihArya karane ke lie mila-julakara sabhI usa maNDapa meM baiTha gaye / rAjA prasenajit kauzala zostA ke pAsa aayaa| usane kahA - "bhante ! taithikoM ne maNDapa banAyA hai / maiM bhI tumhArA maNDapa banavAtA hU~ / " "nahIM, mahArAja ! hamArA maNDapa banAne vAlA dUsarA hai / " "bhante ! mere atirikta yahAM dUsarA kauna maNDapa banAyegA ? " "zakra devarAja, mahArAja ! " "bhante ! to phira prAtihArya kahA~ kareMge ?" "gaNDa ke Ama ke nIce / " sarvatra yaha bAta vizruta ho gaI / tairthikoM ne apane bhaktoM dvArA eka yojana taka ke Amra-vRkSoM ko ukhar3avA diyaa| koI amolA' bhI vahA~ nahIM rahane pAyA / zAstA ne ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko nagara meM praveza kiyaa| rAjA ke udyAnapAla gaNDa ne kisI jhAr3I kI Ar3a meM eka bar3e pake Ama ko dekhaa| usake gandha va rasa ke lobha meM maNDarA hue kauoM ko usane udd'aayaa| hAtha meM lekara rAjA ko bheMTa karane ke uddezya se calA / mArga meM usane zAstA ko dekhA / sahasA usakA vicAra ubharA; rAjA isa Ama ko khAkara mujhe ATha yA solaha kArSApaNa degA / mere jIvana nirvAha ke lie vaha praryApta nahIM hogA / yadi maiM ise zAstA ko dUM, to avazya hI yaha mere lie amita kAla taka hitaprada hoNgaa| aura vaha usa Ama ko zAstA ke samIpa le gayA / zAstA ne usa Ama kA rasa piyA aura gaNDa se kahA-" isa guThalI ko miTTI haTAkara yahIM ropa do / " usane vaisA hI kiyA / zAstA ne usa para hAtha dhoye / dekhate-dekhate paccAsa hAtha U~cA vRkSa khar3A ho gayA / cAroM dizAoM meM cAra aura eka Upara, paccAsa hAtha lambI pA~ca mahAzikhAe~ ho giiN| vRkSa puSpa va phaloM se lada gayA / pratyeka DAlI pake hue AmoM se jhuka gii| pIche se Ane vAle bhikSu bhI una AmoM ko khAte hue Age bar3he / rAjA ne yaha sArA udanta sunaa| use bahuta Azcarya huA / ise koI kATa na sake; isa uddezya se usane vRkSa ke cAroM ora paharA lagavA diyA / Amra-vRkSa udyAnapAla gaNDa ke dvArA ropA gayA thA; ataH gaNDamba - rukkha ( gaNDa kA AmravRkSa) ke nAma se prasiddha ho gayA / tairthikoM ne bhI usake Ama khAye / jUThI guThaliyA~ usa para pheMkate hue sAzcarya kahA - "zramaNa gautama gaNDamba ke nIce prAtihArya karegA ; yaha suna amoloM ko bhI ukhAr3a diyA thA / yaha kahA~ se A gayA ?" taithikoM ko aura hataprabha karane ke lie indra ne kupita hokara vAyudeva ko AjJA dI - "tairthikoM ke maNDapa ko havA se ukhAr3a kara kUr3e ke Dhera para pheMka do / " sUryadeva ko AjJA dI -- "sUrya maNDala ko sthira kara taithikoM ko bhISaNa tApa do / " donoM ne vaisA hI kiyA / indra ne vAyudeva ko punaH Adeza diyA "joroM se AMdhI calAo / " usane vaisA hI kiyA / pasIne se tarabatara ho rahe taithikoM ko dhUla se Dha~ka diyaa| sabhI tAMbe kI camar3I vAle lagane lage / varSA-deva ko Adeza diyA - "aba una para 1. usI dina paidA huA Ama kA aMkura / 2010_05

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14 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 bar3I-bar3I bUMdeM girAo / " usane bhI vaisA hI kiyaa| sabhI taithikoM kA zarIra kabarI gAya kI taraha ho gayA / ve nirgrantha lajAte hue sAmane se bhAga nikle| pUraNa kassapa ke eka kisAna bhakta ne bhI prAtihArya pradarzana ke bAre meM sunaa| usake mana meM dekhane kI utkaNThA huI / usane bailoM ko vahIM chor3a diyA / prAtaH lAI huI khicar3I kA pAtra aura jotA' hAtha meM lie vaha vahA~ se cala par3A / mArga meM usane pUraNa kassapa ko bhAgate hue dekhA / usane kahA- " bhante ! maiM to AryoM kA prAtihArya dekhane jA rahA huuN| Apa kahA~ bhAge jA rahe haiM ?" pUraNa kassapa ne bhAgate hue hI uttara diyA- "tujhe prAtihArya se kyA ? yaha pAtra aura jotA mujhe de / " tatkAla unhoMne hAtha bddh'aayaa| kisAna ne donoM vastueM unake hAtha meM thamA dii| pUraNa kassapa unheM lekara nadI ke taTa para gaye / pAtra ko jote se gale meM bAMdhA / lajjAvaza ve kucha bhI na bola sake 1 nadI kI teja dhArA meM kUda par3e aura bulabulA uThAte hue mara kara avIci (naraka) meM utpanna hue / pUraNa kassapa ke isa mRtyu-prasaMga ke viSaya meM yaha kaha denA kaThina hai ki vaha yathArthatA hare bhI samIpa hai| phira bhI bauddha kathAoM meM aisA eka samullekha hai; yaha hamArI jJAna vRddhi kA viSaya hai / kathAnaka kI asambaddhatA isase bhI vyakta hotI ki pUraNa kassapa kI carcA karate hue anta meM nirgranthoM ko bhI usameM lapeTa liyA gayA hai / isI aTThakathA meM yaha bhI batalAyA gayA hai ki pUraNa kassapa kisI zrImanta ke yahAM dAsa thA / janma se usakA krama sauvAM thA; ata: usakA nAma pUraNa pdd'aa| para, yaha saMgata nahIM hai / jo jAti se kAzyapa thA; vaha janma se dAsa kaise hotA ? 2 2. pakudha kaccAyana ( prakrudha kAtyAyana ) pakudha kaccAyana zItodaka- parihArI the / uSNodaka hI grAhya mAnate the / 3 kakuddha vRkSa ke nIce paidA hue, isalie 'pakuddha' kahalAye / praznopaniSad ( 1-1 ) meM inheM RSi pippalAda kA samakAlIna aura brAhmaNa batalAyA hai| vahAM unakA nAma kabandhI aura kAtyAyana batAyA gayA hai / kabandhI aura pakudha eka hI zArIrika doSa (kUba) ke vAcaka haiM / 5 bauddha TIkAkAroM ne inheM pakudha gotrI hone se pakudha mAnA hai / para AcArya buddhaghoSa ne pakudha unakA vyaktigata nAma aura kaccAyana gotra mAnA hai / DA0 phIyara inheM kakudha kahane kI bhI rAya dete haiN| 1. jUe kI rassI, jisase bailoM kI gardana bAMdhI jAtI hai / 2. Gf. G. P. Malalasekera, Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, vol. II, p. 242 n, Luzac and Co; London, 1960. 3. dhammapada aTTha-kathA, 1-144 / 4. hindU sabhyatA, pRSTha 216 / 5. Barua, Pre-Budhisti Indian Philosophy, p. 281. 6. The book of the Kindred Saying, part I, p. 94 n. 7. dhammapada aTTha-kathA, 1-144; saMyuttanikAya aTTha-kathA, 1-102 / 8. The book of the Kindred Saying part I, p. 94 n. 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] samasAyayika dharma-nAyaka 3. ajita kesakambalI ajita kesakambalI kezoM kA banA kambala dhAraNa karate the; isalie kesakambalI kahe jAte the| zrI epha0 ela0 vuDavArDa kI dhAraNA ke anusAra yaha kambala manuSya ke kezoM kA hI banA hotA thA / inakI mAnyatA lokAyatika darzana jaisI hI thii| kucha vidvAnoM kA yaha bhI abhimata bAne lagA hai ki nAstika darzana ke Adi pravartaka bhArata meM yahI the| bRhaspati ne inake abhimatoM ko hI vikasita rUpa diyA ho, aisA lagatA hai| 4. saMjaya velaTTiputta saMjaya velaTTiputta ke jIvana-paricaya meM koI prAmANika sAmagrI upalabdha nahIM hai| inakA nAma saMjaya velaTThiputta ThIka vaisA hI lagatA hai| jaise gozAla maMkhali putra / usa yuga meM aise nAmoM kI pracalita paramparA thI, jo mAtA yA pitA ke nAma se sambandhita hote the| magA-putra thAvaracA-putra Adi aneka tatsama nAma jaina paramparA meM milate hI haiN| AcArya buddhaghoSa ne bhI use velaTTha kA putra mAnA hai| kucha vidvAn sAriputta aura mauggalAna ke pUrva AcArya saMjaya parivrAjaka ko hI saMjaya vela TThi-putta mAnane lage haiN| para, yaha yathArtha nahIM lgtaa| aisA hotA, to bauddha piTakoM meM kahIM spaSTa ullekha bhI miltaa| para, bauddha piTaka itanA hI kaha kara virAma lete haiM ki sAriputta aura moggalAna apane guru saMjaya parivrAjaka ko chor3akara buddha ke dharma-saMdha meM Aye / 6 parivrAjaka zabda yaha bhI saMketa karatA hai ki saMjaya vaidika saMskRti se sambaddha the; jabaki pUraNa Adi sabhI dharma-nAyaka zramaNa-parivAra meM gine jAte haiN| DA. kAmatAprasAda ne saMjaya velaTThiputta ko sAriputta kA guru aura eka jaina bhikSu pramANita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, para yaha buddhigamya nahIM lgtaa| uttarAdhyayana ke saMjaya aura itara cAraNa Rddhidhara saMjaya ke rUpa meM velaTTi ko dekhanA ati nirvAha-sA lagatA hai| kevala nAma-sAmya kisI tathya kA nirNAyaka AdhAra nahIM bana sktaa| DA0 jI0 pI0 malala sekara ne DiksanarI oNpha pAlI propara nemsa meM use sAriputta aura mauggalAna kA guru mAnA hai, para, isake lie inhoMne koI maulika pramANa nahIM diyA hai| 1. The Book of the Gradual Sayings, Vol. I, p. 265 n, Tr. by F. L. __ Woodward. 2. Barua, op. cit., p. 288. :. 3. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, a0 16 / 4. jJAtAdharmakathAMga satra, a0 5 / 5. gopAladAsa paTela, mahAvIra svAmI no saMyama dharma pR0 35, pra0 navajIvana kAryAlaya, ___ahamadAbAda, 1635 / 6. vinaya piTaka, mahAvagga, mahAskandhaka / 7. bhagavAna mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddha, pR0 22-24, pra. mUlacanda kisanadAsa kApar3iyA, sarata, 1926 / 8. a0 18 / 6. DiksanarI oNpha pAlI propara nemsa, Vol. II, P. 1000. ____ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa 1 saMjaya ke vikSepavAda meM vidvAn syAdvAda kA prAgarUpa dekhate haiN| vikSepavAda kA hI vikasita rUpa syAdvAda batAyA jAtA hai, para, isa dhAraNA kA koI maulika mAdhAra nahIM hai|2 ina mukhya dharma aura dharma-nAyakoM ke atirikta aura bhI aneka matavAda usa yuga meM pracalita the| jaina paramparA meM ve 363 bheda-prabhedoM meM batAye gae haiM tathA bauddha paramparA meM kevala 62 bhedoM meN|4 aneka prakAra ke tApasoM kA varNana bhI Agama aura tripiTaka sAhitya meM bharapUra milatA hai| 1. dharmAnanda kosambI, bhagavAn buddha, pR0 187, sAhitya akAdamI, rAjakamala pabli kezansa, bambaI, 1656 / 2. isa dhAraNA kA nirAkaraNa dekheM, AcArya zrI tulasI abhinandana grantha meM DA0 kAmatAprasAda jaina dvArA likhita "zyAdvAda siddhAnta kI maulikatA aura upayogitA" zIrSaka lekha, adhyAya 4, pR0 54-56 / 3. saMkalanAtmaka vivaraNa ke lie dekheM, bharata-mukti, pR0 246-246 / 4. dIdha nikAya, brahmajAla sutta, 11 // ____ 2010_05

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3 zrAgamoM meM maMkhaliputra gozAlaka kA mata AjIvaka nAma se calatA thA / samrAT azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM bhI AjIvaka bhikSuoM ko samrAT dvArA guphA die jAne kA ullekha hai / " vaha sampradAya kaba taka calatA rahA, yaha ThIka se kaha denA kaThina hai, para zilAlekhoM Adi se I0pU0 dUsarI zatAbdI taka to usakA astitva pramANita hotA hI hai / AgamoM ke anusAra gozAlaka kA pratidvaMdvI ke rUpa meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAtha adhika sambandha rahA hai gozAlaka kI mAnyatA aura unakI jIvana-caryA ke sambandha meM jaina Agama suvistRta byaurA dete haiM / AgamoM meM aneka prasaMga isa sambandha se sulabha haiM / bhagavatI sUtra, zataka 15 meM gozAlaka kI vistRta jIvana-gAthA bahuta hI romAMcaka aura ghaTanAtmaka rUpa se milatI hai| vahAM batAyA gayA haizrAvastI nagara ke IzAna koNa meM koSThaka caitya thA / isI nagara meM AjIvaka mata kI upAsikA, hAlAhalA kumhArina rahatI thii| usake pAsa pracura samRddhi thI / usakA prabhAva bhI bahuta vyApaka thA / vaha kisI se bhI parAbhUta nahIM ho sakatI thii| usane AjIvakoM ke siddhAMta hRdayaMgama kara rakhe the / unakA anurAga usake raga-raga meM vyApta thA / vaha kahA karatI thI - 'AjIvaka mata hI satya tathA paramArtha hai; anya saba mata vyartha haiM / ' gozAlaka eka bAra caubIsa varSa pUrva dIkSita maMkhaliputra gozAlaka apane AjIvaka saMgha se parivRtta hAlAhalA kumhArina ke kumbhakArApaNa bAjAra meM ThaharA huA thaa| usake pAsa zAna, kalaMda, kaNikAra achidra, agnivezyAyana aura gomAyuputra arjuna nAmaka cha: dizAcara aae| unheM ATha prakAra ke nimitta, gIti-mArga tathA nRtya mArga kA jJAna thA / unhoMne gozAlaka kA ziSyatva svIkAra kiyA / 1. janArdana bhaTTa, azoka ke dharmalekha, pR0 401 se 403, pablikezansa DivIjana, dillI, 1957 / 2. cimanalAla jayacanda zAha, uttara hindustAna mAM jaina dharma, pR0 64, loMgamainsa enDa grIna kaM0 landana, 1630 / 2010_05 3. 'ye dizAcara, mahAvIra ke pathabhraSTa (patita) ziSya the, aisA TIkAkAra tathA pArzvanAthasaMtAnIya the', aisA cUrNikAra kahate haiM /

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18 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa 1 gozAlaka ko aSTAMka nimitta kA kucha jJAna thA; ata: vaha sabhI ko lAbha-alAma, sukha-duHkha aura jIvana-maraNa ke viSaya meM satya-satya uttara de sakatA thaa| apane isa aSTAMga nimitta ke jJAna ke bala para hI usane apane ko zrAvastI meM jina na hote hue bhI jina, kevalI na hote hue bhI kevalI, sarvajJa na hote hue bhI sarvajJa ghoSita karanA prArambha kara diyaa| vaha kahA karatA thA--'maiM jina, kevalI aura sarvajJa huuN|' usakI isa ghoSaNA ke phalasvarUpa zrAvastI ke trikamArgoM catuSpathoM aura rAjamArgoM meM sarvatra yahI carcA hone lgii| eka dina zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra zrAvastI pdhaare| janatA dharma-kathA zravaNArtha gii| sabhA samApta huii| mahAvIra ke pramukha ziSya gautama gotrIya indrabhUti anagAra bhikSArtha nagarI meM pdhaare| mArga meM unhoMne aneka vyaktiyoM ke mukha se gozAlaka kI udghoSaNA ke sambandha meM sunA / ve bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa Ae aura unhoMne gozAlaka kI ghoSaNA ke sambandha meM pUchA tathA gozAlaka kA Arambha se anta taka kA itivRtta sunAne ke lie bhI anurodha kiyaa| gozAlaka kA pUrvavRtta mahAvIra bole- gautama ! gozAlaka kI ghoSaNA mithyA hai / vaha jina, kevalI aura sarvajJa nahIM hai| maMkhaliputra gozAlaka kA maMkhajAtIya maMkhali nAmaka pitA thaa| maMkhali ke bhadrA nAmaka patnI thii| vaha sundarI aura sukumArI thii| eka bAra gabhiNI huii| zaravaNa grAma meM gobahula nAmaka brAhmaNa rahatA thaa| vaha dhanika tathA RgvedAdi brAhmaNa-zAstroM meM nipuNa thaa| gobahula ke eka gozAlA thii| "eka bAra maMkhali bhikSAcara hAtha meM citrapaTa lekara garbhavatI bhadrA ke sAtha grAmAnugrAma ghUmatA huA zaravaNa sanniveza meM AyA / usane gobahula kI gozAlA meM apanA sAmAna rakhA tathA bhikSArtha grAma meM gyaa| vahAM usane nivAsa-yogya sthAna kI bahuta khoja kI, parantu, use koI sthAna na milA; ataH usane usI gozAlA ke eka bhAga meM cAturmAsa vyatIta karane ke lie nirNaya kiyA / nava mAsa sAr3he sAta divasa vyatIta hone para maMkhali kI dharmapatnI bhadrA ne eka sundara va sukumAra bAlaka ko janma diyaa| bArahaveM divasa mAtA-pitA ne gobahula kI gozAlA meM janma lene ke kAraNa zizu kA nAma gozAlaka rkhaa| kramaza: gozAlaka bar3A huA aura par3halikhakara pariNata mativAlA huaa| gozAlaka ne bhI svatantra rUpa se citrapaTa hAtha meM lekara apanI AjIvikA calAnA prArambha kara diyaa| gozAlaka kA prathama samparka "tIsa varSa taka maiM gahavAsa meM rhaa| mAtA-pitA ke divaMgata hone para svarNAdi kA tyAga kara, mAtra eka devadUSya vastra dhAraNa kara pravajita huaa| pAkSika tapa karate hue maiMne apanA prathama cAturmAsa asthigrAma meM kiyaa| dUsare varSa mAsika tapa karate hue rAjagRha ke bAhara nAlandA kI tantuvAyazAlA ke eka bhAga meM yathAyogya abhigraha grahaNa kara maiMne cAturmAsa kiyaa| usa samaya gozAlaka bhI hAtha meM citrapaTa lekara grAmAnugrAma ghUmatA huA tathA bhikSA ke dvArA apanA nirvAha karatA huA usI tantuvAyazAlA meM aayaa| usane bhikSArtha jAte hue anya sthAna DhUMr3hane kA bahuta prayatna kiyA, parantu, yogya sthAna na milaa| usane bhI usI tantuvAyazAlA meM cAturmAsa vyatIta karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| mere prathama mAsika tapa ke pAraNe kA ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] gozAlaka 16 dina thA / maiM mikSArtha rAjagRha ke ucca, nIca aura madhyama kula meM ghUmatA huA vijaya gAthApati ke ghara gayA / mujhe apane ghara meM pAkara vijaya gAthApati atyanta harSita huaa| vaha apane Asana se uThA tathA sAta-ATha kadama Age AyA / usane uttarIya kA uttarAsaMga banAkara, hAtha jor3akara mujhe tIna bAra pradakSiNApUrvaka vandana - namaskAra kiyaa| usane merA puSkala azana, pAna, khAdima, svAdima Adi se satkAra kiyA / vijaya gAthApati ne dravya kI zuddhi se, dAyaka kI zuddhi se, pAtra kI zuddhi se tathA trividha- trividha karaNa-zuddhi se die gaye dAna ke kAraNa devAyuSya bAMdhA aura apane saMsAra bhramaNa ko alpa kiyaa| aisA karane se usake ghara svarNAdi pA~ca divyoM kI vRSTi huii| kucha hI dera meM yaha saMvAda nagara bhara meM phaila gayA / loga vijaya tathA usake manuSya janma ko dhanyavAda dene lage tathA usake puNyazAlitva kA abhinandana karane lage / "maMkhaliputra gozAlaka ne bhI yaha saMvAda sunaa| usake hRdaya meM kutUhala va jijJAsA huI / vaha vijaya gRhapati ke ghara AyA / usane varSita dravyoM kI tathA ghara se bAhara nikalate hue mujhe va vijaya gRhapati ko dekhaa| vaha mana hI mana bahuta harSita huA / mere pAsa AyA aura mujhe tIna bAra pradakSiNApUrvaka vandana- namaskAra kara bolA- 'bhagavan ! Apa mere gharmAcArya haiM tathA maiM ApakA ziSya hUM / ' usa samaya maiMne usakI bAta para dhyAna nahIM diyA ora mauna rahA / dvitIya mAsika tapa kA pAraNA Ananda gRhapati ke ghara, tRtIya mAsika tapa kA pAraNA sunanda ke ghara aura caturtha mAsika tapa kA pAraNA nAlandA ke nikaTa kollAka grAma meM bahula brAhmaNa ke ghara huaa| tInoM hI sthaloM para usI taraha tapaH- prabhAva prakaTa huA / " tantuvAyazAlA meM mujhe na dekhakara gozAlaka rAjagRha meM mujhe DhUMr3hane lagA, parantu, use kahIM bhI patA na lagA / vaha punaH tantuvAyazAlA meM aayaa| usane apane vastra, pAtra, jUte tathA citrapaTa brAhmaNoM ko de die aura apanI dAr3hI va mUMcha kA muNDana karavAyA / vaha bhI kollAka sanniveza kI ora cala pdd'aa| vahAM usane janatA dvArA bahula ke yahAM huI vRSTi kA samAcAra sunaa| usake mana meM vicAra utpanna huA - 'mere dharmAcArya aura dharmopadezaka zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ko; jaisI dyuti, teja, yaza, bala, vIrya, puruSAkAra - parAkrama aura Rddhi prApta hai; vaisI anya zramaNa-brAhmaNa ko sambhava nahIM / mere dharmAcArya va dharmaguru vahI hone cAhie / ' vaha khojatA huA kollAka sanniveza ke bAhara manojJa bhUmi meM mere pAsa AyA / usane tIna bAra pradakSiNApUrvaka vandana- namaskAra kiyA tathA mujhe nivedana karane lagA'bhagavan ! Apa mere dharmAcArya haiM aura maiM ApakA ziSya hU~ / ' maiMne maMkhaliputra gozAlaka kI yaha bAta svIkAra kI / usake sAtha praNIta bhUmi meM chaH varSa paryanta lAbha - alAbha, duHkha-sukha, satkAraasatkAra kA anubhava karatA huA maiM vihAra karatA rahA / "eka bAra zaratkAla meM vRSTi nahIM ho rahI thI / maiM gozAlaka ke sAtha siddhArtha grAma kUrmagrAma kI ora jA rahA thaa| mArga meM eka patra - puSpayukta tila kA paudhA milaa| usako dekhakara gozAlaka ne pUchA- 'bhagavan ! yaha tila kA paudhA phalita hogA yA nahIM ? paudhe para lage sAta phUloM ke jIva marakara kahA~ utpanna hoMge ?' maiMne kahA - 'gozAlaka ! yaha tila kA paudhA phalita hogA tathA ye sAta tilapuSpa ke jIva marakara isI paudhe kI eka phalI meM sAta tila hoMge / ' "gozAlaka ko merI bAta para vizvAsa nahIM huaa| mujhe asatya pramANita karane ke uddezya se vaha mere pAsa se khisakA aura usane tila ke paudhe ko samUla ukhAr3a kara eka ora pheMka 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa 1 diyA / hama kUrmagrAma kI ora Age bar3ha ge| isI bIca AkAza meM bAdala ghumar3a Aye aura bijalI camakane lagI / sAdhAraNa varSA huii| vaha tila kA paudhA miTTI meM jama gayA tathA baddhamUla ho gyaa| ve sAta tila puSpa bhI marakara kathita prakAra se usI tila ke paudhe kI phalI meM sAta tila utpanna hue / vaizyAyana bAla tapasvI 20 ''hama kUmagrAma Ae / grAma ke bAhara vaizyAyana bAla tapasvI nirantara chaTTha tapa ke sAtha sUrya ke sammukha apane donoM hAtha U~ce kara AtApanA le rahA thA / sUrya ke tApa se usake sira se jue~ nIce gira rahI thiiN| vaha prANa, bhUta, jIva aura satva kI dayA ke lie nIce girI huI juoM ko punaH apane bAloM meM rakha letA thA / gozAlaka ne vaizyAyana bAla tapasvI ko dekhA / vaha mere pAsa se khisakA / usake pAsa gayA aura usase bolA- 'tU koI tapasvI hai yA juoM kA zayyAtara (sthAna dene vAlA ) ?' vaizyAyana bAla tapasvI ne gozAlaka ke kathana ko Adara nahIM diyA aura mauna hI rahA / gozAlaka usI bAta ko punaH punaH do-tIna bAra duharAtA rahA / tapasvI kupita ho uThA / atyanta kruddha hokara vaha AtApanA-bhUmi se nIce utarA / sAta-ATha kadama pIche haTA | joza meM Akara usane gozAlaka ko bhasma karane ke lie apanI tapaH- upalabdha tejolezyA chor3a dI / usa samaya mujhe maMkhaliputra gozAlaka para anukampA AI / vaizyAyana bAla tapasvI kI tejolezyA kA pratisaMharaNa karane ke lie maiMne zIta tejolezyA chodd'ii| merI zIta tejolezyA ne usakI uSNa tejolezyA kA pratighAta kara diyA / usa prayoga se tapasvI kA vaha prayoga viphala ho gayA / gozAlaka ko surakSita khar3A dekha kara tApasa sArA rahasya samajha gayA / usane apanI tejolezyA kA pratyAvartana kiyA aura kucha kSaNoM taka bolatA rahA- 'bhagavana ! maiMne Apako jAnA, maiMne Apako jAnA / ' "gozAlaka isa samagra ghaTanA cakra se avagata nahIM thA / vaha mere pAsa AyA aura bAlA--'yaha juoM kA zayyAtara kyA kara rahA thA ?' maiMne use sArAvRttAnta btaayaa| gozAlaka bhayabhIta huA aura mana meM prasanna bhI huA ki maiM marate-marate baca gayA / gozAlaka ne vandananamaskAra kara mujhe pUchA - 'bhagavan ! yaha saMkSipta aura vipula tejolezyA kaise prApta kI jA sakatI hai ?' maiMne kahA - ' nAkhUna sahita banda muTThI bhara ur3ada ke bAkaloM aura eka cullU bhara pAnI se koI nirantara chaTha chaTha kA tapa kare tathA AtApanA- bhUmi meM sUrya ke sammukha Urdhva bAhu hokara AtApanA le, use chaH mAsa ke pazcAt saMkSipta aura vipula donoM prakAra kI tejolezyAyeM prApta hotI haiM / ' gozAlaka ne merI bAta vinayapUrvaka svIkAra kI / tejolezyA kI prApti "eka dina maiMne gozAlaka ke sAtha kUrmagrAma se siddhArthagrAma kI ora vihAra kiyA / hama usI sthAna para Ae, jahA~ vaha tila kA paudhA thA / gozAlaka ne tiloM ke sambandha meM pUchA - 'bhagavan ! tila vRkSa ke sambandha meM Apane mujhe jo kucha kahA thA, vaha saba mithyA nikalA / na vaha tila vRkSa niSpanna huA hai aura na ve sAta puSpa jIva mara kara sAta tila hue haiN|' maiMne use sArI ghaTanA sunAI aura kahA- gozAlaka ! tU ne mere kathana ko asatya pramANita karane ke lie usa tila vRkSa ko ukhAr3a DAlA thA, para, Akasmika vRSTi - yoga se vaha puna: miTTI meM rupa gayA aura ve sAta puSpa jIva bhI isI tila vRkSa kI phalI meM sAta tila 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] gozAlaka 21 ho gaye haiM / merA kathana kiMcit bhI asatya nahIM hai / ' gozAlaka ne merI bAta para vizvAsa nahIM kiyaa| vaha usa tila vRkSa ke pAsa gayA aura usane vaha phalI todd'ii| usameM sAta hI tila nikale / gozAlaka ne socA - jisa prakAra vanaspati ke jIva marakara puna: usI zarIra meM utpanna ho jAte haiM, isI prakAra sabhI jIva marakara usI zarIra meM utpanna ho sakate haiM / isa prakAra gozAlaka ne apanA 'parivRtya parihAra' kA eka nayA siddhAnta banA liyA / gozAlaka kA dhyAna tejolabdhi ko prApta karane meM lagA thA ; ataH vaha mujha se pRthak ho gayA / yathAvidhi chaH mahInoM kI tapasyA se use saMkSipta aura vipula; donoM tejolezyAyeM prApta huiiN| "kucha dina bAda gozAlaka se ve chaH dizAcara bhI A mile| taba se vaha apane ko jina na hote hue bhI jina, kevalI na hote huye bhI kevalI, sarvajJa na hote hue bhI sarvajJa ghoSita kara rahA hai / " gozAlaka aura Ananda yaha bAta zrAvastI meM phaila gii| sarvatra eka hI carcA hone lagI- 'gozAlaka jina nahIM, parantu jina pralApI hai ; zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra aisA kahate haiM / maMkhaliputra gozAlaka ne bhI aneka manuSyoM se bAta sunii| vaha atyanta krodhita huA / krodha se jalatA huA vaha AtApanA -bhUmi se hAlAhalA kumbhakArApaNa meM AyA aura apane AjIvaka saMgha ke sAtha atyanta AmarSa ke sAtha baiThA / usa samaya zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sthavira / ziSya Ananda bhikSArtha nagara meM gae hue the / ve sarala va vinIta the / nirantara chaTTha tapa kiyA karate the / ucca nIca va madhyama kuloM meM ghUmate hue ve hAlAhalA ke kumbhAkArApaNa se kucha dUra se gujare / gozAlaka ne unheM dekhA aura bolA - "Ananda ! tU idhara A aura merA eka dRSTAnta suna / " gozAlaka kI bAta suna - kara Ananda usake pAsa pahu~ce aura gozAlaka ne kahanA prArambha kiyA : "bAta bahuta purAnI hai / kucha lobhI vyApArI vyavasAya ke ninitta aneka prakAra kA kirAnA aura sAmAna gAr3iyoM meM bharakara tathA pAtheya kA prabandha kara ravAnA hue| mArga meM unhoMne grAma-ra -rahita, gamanAgamana-rahita, nirjala va suvistIrNa ATavI meM praveza kiyA / jaMgala kA kucha bhAga pAra karane para sAtha meM liyA huA pAnI samApta ho gayA / tRSA se pIr3ita vyApArI paraspara vicAra-vimarza karane lge| unake sAmane eka vikaTa samasyA khar3I ho gayI / anta meM ve sabhI ATavI meM cAroM ora pAnI DhUMr3hane lge| calate-calate ve eka aise ghane jaMgala meM jA pahu~ce, jahA~ eka vizAla valmIka thA / usake UMce-UMce cAra zikhara the / unhoMne eka zikhara ko phor3A / unheM svaccha, uttama, pAcaka aura sphaTika ke sadRza jala prApta huA / unhoMne pAnI piyA, baila Adi vAhanoM ko pilAyA tathA mArga ke liye pAnI ke bartana bhara liye / unhoMne lobha se dUsarA zikhara bhI phodd'aa| usameM unheM puSkala svarNa prApta huaa| unakA lobha bar3hA aura maNi ratnAdi kI kAmanA se tIsarA bhI phor3a DAlA / usameM unheM maNiratna prApta hue| bahumUlya, zreSTha, mahApuruSoM ke yogya tathA mahAprayojana yukta vajra ratna kI kAmanA se unhoMne caturtha zikhara bhI phor3ane kA vicAra kiyaa| una vyApAriyoM meM eka vijJa tathA apane va sabake hita, sukha, pathya, anukampA tathA kalyANa kA abhilASI vaNik bhI thA / vaha bolA'hameM caturthaM zikhara phor3anA nahIM caahie| yaha hamAre lie kadAcit duHkha aura saMkaTa kA kAraNa bhI bana sakatA hai|' parantu, anya sAthI vyApAriyoM ne unakI bAta nahIM mAnI aura 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khiNDa:1 cauthA zikhara bhI phor3a ddaalaa| usameM eka mahAbhayaMkara, atyanta kRSNavarNa dRSTi-viSa sarpa nikalA / usakI krodhapUrNa dRSTi par3ate hI sAre vyApArI sAmAna sahita jalakara bhasma ho ge| kevala cauthe zikhara ko na tor3ane kI sammati dene vAlA vyApArI bcaa| usako sarpa ne sAmAna sahita usake ghara phuNcaayaa| Ananda ! usI prakAra tere dharmAcArya aura dharmaguru zramaNa jJAtaputra ne zreSTha avasthA prApta kI hai| deva-manuSyAdi meM unakI kIrti tathA prazaMsA hai| para, yadi ve mere sambandha meM kucha bhI kaheMge, to apane tapa-teja se una vyApAriyoM kI taraha maiM unheM bhasma kara dUMgA / usa hitaiSI vyakti kI taraha kevala tujhe bacA luuNgaa| tU apane dharmAcArya ke pAsa jA aura merI kahI huI bAta unheM sunA de|" gozAlaka kI bAta sunakara Ananda bahuta bhayabhIta hue aura unhoMne zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa Akara sArA vRtta sunaayaa| unhoMne bhagavAn mahAvIra se yaha bhI pUchA ki kyA gozAlaka unheM bhasma kara sakatA hai ? mahAvIra bole-"gozAlaka apane tapa-teja se kisI ko bhI eka prahAra meM kUTAghAta (ghana ke AghAta) ke sadRza bhasma kara sakatA hai, parantu, arihanta bhagavAn ko nahIM jalA sakatA hai| usameM jitanA tapa-teja hai, usase anagAra kA tapa teja anantaguNita viziSTa hai ; kyoMki anagAra kSamA dvArA krodha kA nigraha karane meM samartha hai| anagAra ke tapa se sthavira kA tapa, kSamA ke kAraNa ananta guNita viziSTa hai / sthavira ke tapobala se arihanta kA tapobala, kSamA ke kAraNa ananta guNita viziSTa hai ; ataH unako koI jalA nahIM sakatA, para, paritApa avazya utpanna kara sakatA hai / ataH tU jA aura gautama Adi zramaNa-nirgranthoM se yaha bAta kaha"he Aryo ! gozAlaka ke sAtha koI bhI dharma sambandhI praticodanA--usake mata se pratikUla vacana, dharma-sambandhI pratisAraNA-usake mata se pratikUla siddhAnta kA smaraNa aura dharmasambandhI pratyupacAra-tiraskAra na kareM; kyoMki gozAlaka ne zramaNa-nirgranthoM ke sAtha mlecchatva tathA anAryatva grahaNa kiyA hai|" pravRtta-parihAra kA siddhAnta Ananda anagAra gautama Adi muniyoM ko ukta samAcAra de rahe the ki gozAlaka apane saMgha se parivRtta ho koSThaka caitya meM A phuNcaa| vaha bhagavAn mahAvIra se kucha dUra khar3A raha kara bolA-"AyuSman kAzyapa ! maMkhaliputra gozAlaka ApakA dharma-sambandhI ziSya thA; Apa jo aisA kahate haiM, vaha ThIka hai| parantu, ApakA vaha ziSya zuddha aura zukla abhijAti ke sAtha mRtyu prApta kara deva-loka meM devarUpa se utpanna huA hai| maiM to kauNDinyAyana gotrIya udAyI huuN| gautamaputra arjuna ke zarIra kA parityAga kara maMkhaliputra gozAlaka ke zarIra meM maiMne sAtaveM pravRtta-parihAra-zarIrAntara ke rUpa meM praveza kiyA hai| hamAre siddhAnta ke anusAra jo koI mokSa gae haiM, jAte haiM aura jAeMge; ve sabhI caurAsI lAkha mahAkalpa (kAla-vizeSa), sAta deva bhava, saMyUtha nikAya, sAta saMjJIgarbha (manuSya-garbhavAsa) aura sAta pravRtta-parihAra kara; pA~ca lAkha sATha hajAra chaH sau tIna karmabhedoM kA anukrama se kSaya kara mokSa gae haiM tathA siddhabuddha-mukta hue haiN| isI prakAra karate Ae haiM tathA bhaviSya meM bhI kreNge| "..'kumArAvasthA meM hI mujhe pravrajyA va brahmacarya vrata grahaNa karane kI icchA huii| pravrajyA lii| maiMne sAta pravRtta-parihAra kie| unake nAma isa prakAra haiM :-aiNeyaka, mallarAma, maMDika, roha, bhAradvAja, gautamaputra arjuna, maMkhaliputra gozAlaka / prathama zarIrAntara-praveza ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] gozAlaka rAjagRha ke bAhara maMDikukSi caitya meM apane kauNDinyAyana gotrIya udAyana kA zarIra-tyAga kara aiNeyaka ke zarIra meM kiyaa| bAIsa varSa taka maiM usa zarIra meM rhaa| dvitIya zarIrAntarapraveza uddaNDapura nagara ke bAhara candrAvataraNa caitya meM aiNeyaka ke zarIra kA parityAga kara mallarAma ke zarIra meM kiyaa| usa zarIra meM maiM ikkIsa varSa taka rhaa| tRtIya zarIrAntarapraveza campAnagarI ke bAhara aMga-maMdira caitya meM mallarAma kA zarIra tyAga kara maMDika ke deha meM kiyaa| usameM bIsa varSa taka rhaa| caturtha zarIrAntara praveza vArANasI nagarI ke bAhara kAma-mahAvana caitya meM maMDika ke deha kA tyAga kara roha ke zarIra meM kiyaa| usameM unnIsa varSa avasthita rhaa| pAMcavAM zarIrAntara-praveza AlabhikA nagarI ke bAhara prAptakAla caitya meM roha ke deha kA parityAga kara bhAradvAja ke zarIra meM kiyaa| isameM aThAraha varSa sthita rhaa| chaTThA zarIrAntara-praveza vaizAlI nagarI ke bAhara kuMDiyAyana caitya meM bhAradvAja kA zarIra parityAga kara gautamaputra arjuna ke zarIra meM kiyaa| usameM sataraha varSa rhaa| sAtavAM zarIrAntara-praveza isI zrAvastI nagarI meM hAlAhalA kumhArina ke kumbhakArApaNa meM gautama-putra arjuna kA zarIra parityAga kara kara maMkhaliputra gozAlaka ke zarIra ko samartha, sthira, dhruva, dhAraNa-yogya, zItAdi pariSahoM ko sahana karane yogya tathA sthira saMhanana-yukta samajha, usameM kiyaa| ataH kAzyapa ! maMkhaliputra gozAlaka ko apanA ziSya kahanA, isa apekSA se anucita hai|" __ mahAvIra bole-"gozAlaka ! jisa prakAra koI cora grAmavAsiyoM se parAbhUta hokara bhAgatA huA kisI khaDDe, guphA, durga, khAI yA viSama sthAna ke na milane para Una, zaNa, kapAsa yA tRNa ke agrabhAga se apane ko DhAMkane kA prayatna karatA hai, vaha unase DhaMkA nahIM jAtA, phira bhI apane ko DhaMkA huA mAnatA hai, chipA huA na hone para bhI chipA huA samajhatA hai, usI prakAra tU bhI apane ko pracchanna karane kA prayatna kara rahA hai aura apane ko pracchanna samajha rahA hai| anya nahIM hote hue bhI apane ko anya batA rahA hai, aisA na kr| tU aisA karane ke yogya nahIM hai|" / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA uparokta kathana suna kara gozAlaka atyanta krodhita huA aura anucita zabdoM ke sAtha gAlI-galauja karane lgaa| vaha jora-jora se cillAne lagA aura atyanta nimna stara para utara aayaa| vaha bolA-"tU Aja hI naSTa, vinaSTa va bhraSTa hogA, aisA lagatA hai| kadAcit tU Aja jIvita bhI nahIM rhegaa| tujhe mere dvArA sukha nahIM mila sktaa|" tejolezyA kA prayoga - gozAlaka kI isa bAta ko suna kara pUrvadezIya sarvAnubhUti anagAra se na rahA gyaa| ve svabhAva se bhadra, prakRti se sarala va vinIta the| apane dharmAcArya ke anurAga se gozAlaka kI dhamakI kI paravAha na kara uThe aura usase jAkara kahane lage--"gozAlaka ! kisI zramaNabrAhmaNa ke pAsa se yadi koI eka bhI Arya vacana suna letA hai, to bhI vaha unheM vandana-namaskAra karatA hai| unheM maMgalarUpa, kalyANa rUpa va deva-caitya kI taraha samajhatA hai, paryupAsanA karatA hai| terA to kahanA hI kyA ? bhagavAn ne tujhe dIkSA dI, zikSita kiyA aura bahuzruta bnaayaa| phira bhI tU unhIM apane dharmAcArya ke sAtha isa taraha kI anAryatA barata rahA hai ? tU vahI gozAlaka hai, isameM hameM jarA bhI sandeha nahIM hai| isa prakAra kA vyavahAra tere yogya ____ 2010_05

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24 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa:1 nahIM hai|" sunate-sunate gozAlaka kA ceharA tamatamA uThA / usane sarvAnubhUti anagAra ko apanI tejolezyA ke eka hI prahAra se jalA kara bhasma kara diyA aura punaH usI prakAra apalApa karane lgaa| ___ ayodhyA nivAsI sunakSatra anagAra se na rahA gyaa| ve bhI sarvAnubhUti anagAra kI taraha usake pAsa gae aura usI prakAra samajhAne lge| gozAlaka aura krodhita huaa| usane una para bhI tejolezyA kA prahAra kiyaa| sunakSatra anagAra tatkAla bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa aae| tIna bAra pradakSiNA pUrvaka vandana-namaskAra kiyaa| unhoMne pAMcoM mahAvratoM kA uccAraNa kiyA, sAdhu-sadhviyoM se kSamA-yAcanA kI aura AlocanA-pratikramaNA Adi kara samAdhipUrvaka zarIrotsarga kiyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bhI gozAlaka kI sarvAnubhUti anagAra kI taraha usI prakAra smjhaayaa| gozAlaka kA krodhita honA svAbhAvika thaa| usane sAta-ATha kadama pIche haTa kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ko bhasma karane ke lie tejolezyA kA prahAra kiyaa| jisa prakAra vAtotkAlika vAyu (raha-raha kara pravAhita hone vAlI vAyu) parvata, stUpa yA divAla ko vinaSTa nahIM kara sakatI, usI prakAra vaha tejolezyA bhI vizeSa samartha nahIM huI / punaH punaH gamanAgamana kara pradakSiNApUrvaka AkAza meM Upara uchlii| vahA~ se girI aura gozAlaka ke zarIra ko jalAtI huI usake hI zarIra meM praviSTa ho gii| apanI hI tejolezyA se parAbhUta gozAlaka zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra se bolA"kazyapa ! merI isa tapojanya tejolezyA se parAbhUta va pIr3ita hokara tU chaH mAsa kI avadhi meM va chadmastha avasthA meM hI mRtyu prApta kregaa|" bhagavAna mahAvIra bole-"gozAlaka ! tU hI apanI tapojanya lezyA se parAbhUta hokara tathA pittajvara se pIr3ita ho sAta rAtri ke pazcAt chadmastha avasthA meM hI kAlakavalita hogaa| maiM to abhI solaha varSa taka jina-tIrthaMkara-paryAya meM vicaraNa karatA rhuuNgaa|" . kucha hI kSaNoM meM yaha bAta zrAvastI meM phaila gii| nagara ke trika mArgoM, catuSpathoM aura rAjamArgoM meM sarvatra eka hI carcA hone lagI loga kahate the-"zrAvastI ke bAhara koSThaka caitya meM do jina paraspara AkSepa-pratyAkSepa kara rahe haiN| inameM eka kahatA haiM-tU pahale mRtyu prApta hogA aura dUsarA kahatA hai--pahale tU mRtyu prApta hogaa| inameM kauna saccA hai aura kauna jhUThA !" vijJa va pratiSThita vyakti kahate haiM- "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra satyavAdI haiM aura maMkhaliputra gozAlaka mithyaavaadii|" bhagavAn mahAvIra ne nirgranthoM ko bulAyA aura kahA-"jisa prakAra tRNa, kASTha, patra Adi kA Dhera agni se jala jAne ke pazcAt naSTa ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra gozAlaka bhI mere vadha ke lie tejolezyA nikAla kara naSTa-teja ho gayA hai| tuma saharSa usake sAmane usake mata kA khaNDana karo, vistRta artha pUcho, dharma-sambandhI praticodanA karo aura prazna, hetu, vyAkaraNa aura kAraNa ke dvArA use niruttara kro|" nirgranthoM ne usako vividha prakAra ke praznottaroM dvArA niruttara kara diyaa| gozAlaka atyanta krodhita huA, parantu, vaha nirgranthoM ko tanika bhI kaSTa na pahuMcA skaa| aneka AjIvaka sthavira asantuSTa hokara usake saMgha se pRthak ho gaye aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke saMgha meM sammilita hokara sAdhanA-nirata ho gye| 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] gozAlaka ATha carama maMkhaliputra gozAlaka apane abhilaSita meM asaphala hokara koSThaka caitya ke bAhara niklaa| vaha vikSipta-sA cAroM dizAoM meM dekhatA, garma-garma dIrgha ucchavAsa-ni:zvAsa chor3atA, apanI dAr3hI ke bAloM ko noMcatA, gardana ko khujalAtA, donoM hAthoM se kabhI kaDatkAra karatA aura kabhI hilAtA, pAMvoM ko pachAr3atA, 'hAya ! marA! hAya ! marA !' cillAtA huA hAlAhalA kumhArina ke kumbhakArApaNa meM phuNcaa| vahA~ apane dAha kI zAnti ke lie kaccA Ama cUsatA, madyapAna karatA, bAra-bAra gIta gAtA, bAra-bAra nAcatA aura bAra-bAra hAlAhalA kumhArina ko hAtha jor3atA huA miTTI ke bartana meM rahe hue zItala jala se apanA gAtra siMcita karane lgaa| __ zravaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne nirgranthoM ko AmaMtrita kara kahA-"Aryo ! maMkhaliputra gozAlaka ne mere vadha ke lie jisa tejolezyA kA prahAra kiyA thA, vaha 1. aMga, 2. baMga, 3. magadha, 4. malaya, 5. mAlava, 6. accha, 7. vatsa, 8. kautsa, 6. pATha, 10. lATa, 11. vraja, 12. mauli, 13. kAzI, 14. kauzala, 15. abAdha aura 16. saMbhuktara - ina solaha janapadoM kI ghAta karane, vadha karane, uccheda karane tathA bhasma karane meM samartha thii| aba vaha kumbhakArApaNa meM kaccA Ama cUsatA huA, madyapAna kara rahA hai, nAca rahA hai tathA bAra-bAra hAtha jor3akara ThaNDe pAnI se zarIra ko siMcita kara rahA hai| apane ina doSoM ko chipAne ke lie vaha ATha carama (antima) bAteM prarUpita kara rahA hai-carama pAna, carama gAna, carama nATya, carama aMjalI-karma, carama puSkala-saMvarta mahAmegha, carama secanaka gandhahastI, carama mahAzilA kaMTaka saMgrAma aura isa avasarpiNI kAla meM carama tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM usakA siddha honA / ThaMDe pAnI se zarIra siMcita karane ke doSa ko chipAne ke lie vaha cAra pAnaka-peya aura cAra apAnaka-apeya pAnI prarUpita kara rahA hai| cAra pAnaka isa prakAra hai-1. gAya ke pRSTha bhAga se girA huA, 2. hAtha se ulIcA huA, 3. sUrya tApa se tapA huA aura 4. zilAoM se girA huaa| cAra apAnaka--pIne ke lie nahIM, parantu, dAhAdi upazamana ke lie vyavahAra yogya ; isa prakAra haiM-1.sthAlapAnI-pAnI meM bhIMge hue zItala choTe-bar3e bartana / inheM hAtha se sparza kareM, parantu, pAnI na pIe / 2. tvacApAnI-Ama, guThalI aura bera Adi kacce phala muMha me cabAnA, parantu, unakA rasa na pInA, 3. phalI kA pAnI-ur3ada mUMga, maTara Adi kI kaccI phaliyA~ muMha meM lekara cabAnA, parantu, unakA rasa na pInA, 4. zuddha pAnI - koI vyakti chaH mAsa taka zuddha mevA-miSThAnna khaae| una chaH mahInoM meM do mahIne bhUmizayana, do mAsa taka paTTa-zayana aura do mAsa taka darbha-zayana kare, to chaThe mAsa kI antima rAtri meM mahARddhi-sampanna maNibhadra aura pUrNabhadra nAmaka deva pragaTa hote haiN| ve apane zItala aura Ardra hAthoM kA sparza karate haiM / yadi vyakti usa zItala sparza kA anumodana karatA hai, to AzIviSa pragaTa hotA hai aura anumodana nahIM karatA hai, to usake zarIra se agni samutpanna jvAlAoM meM usakA zarIra bhasma ho jAtA hai| tadanantara vaha vyakti siddha, buddha evaM vimukta ho jAtA hai|" usI nagarI meM ayaMpula nAmaka eka AjIvikopAsaka rahatA thA / eka dina madhya rAtri meM kuTumba-cintA karate hue usake mana meM vicAra AyA ki hallA kA AkAra kaisA hotA hai ? vaha apane dharmAcArya gozAlaka se samAdhAna karane ke lie hAlAhalA kumbhakArApaNa meM aayaa| 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa :1 gozAlaka ko nAcate, gAte tathA madyapAna karate dekhakara vaha atyanta lajjita huA aura punaH lauTane lgaa| anya AjIvaka sthaviroM ne use dekhA tathA bulvaayaa| unhoMne use uparyukta ATha carama vastuoM se paricita kiyA tathA kahA- "tuma jAo aura apane prazna kA samAdhAna kro|" sthaviroM ke saMketa se gozAlaka ne guThalI eka ora rakha dI tathA ayaMpula se bAlA"ayaMpula ! tumheM madhya rAtri meM hallA kA AkAra jAnane kI icchA utpanna huI, parantu, tuma yogya samAdhAna nahIM kara pAe ; ata: mere pAsa samAdhAna ke lie Ae the| merI yaha sthiti dekhakara tuma lajjita hokara lauTane lage, para yaha tumhArI bhUla hai| mere hAtha meM yaha kaccA Ama nahIM, parantu, Ama kI chAla hai| isakA pInA nirvANa-samaya meM Avazyaka hai / nRtya-gItAdi bhI nirvANa-samaya kI carama vastue~ haiM; ataH tU bhI vINA bjaa|" gozAlakakA pazcAttApa ayaMpula apane prazna kA samAdhAna kara lauTa gyaa| apanA mRtyu-samaya nikaTa jAna kara gozAlaka ne AjIvaka sthaviroM ko bulaayaa| usane kahA--"jaba maiM mara jAUM, merI deha ko sugandhita pAnI se nahalAnA, sugandhita geruka vastra se poMchanA, gozIrSa candana kA vilepana karanA, bahumUlya zveta vastra pahinAnA tathA sarvAlaMkAroM se vibhUSita karanA / eka hajAra puruSoM dvArA uThAI jA sake, aisI zivikA meM baiThAkara zrAvastI ke madhya meM isa prakAra ghoSaNA karate hae le jAnA-... 'caubIsaveM carama tIrthaGkara maMkhaliputra gozAlaka jina hue, siddha hue, vimukta hue tathA sarva duHkhoM se rahita hue hai|' isa prakAra mahotsava pUrvaka antima kriyA krnaa|" sAtavIM rAtri vyatIta hone para gozAlaka kA mithyAtva dUra huaa| usake mana meM vicAra utpanna huA---"jina na hote hue bhI maiM apane ko jina ghoSita kara rahA huuN| maiMne zramaNoM kA ghAta kiyA hai aura AcArya se vidveza kiyA hai| zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra hI sacce jina haiN|" usane sthaviroM ko punaH bulAyA aura unase kahA-"sthaviro! jina na hote hue bhI maiM apane ko jina ghoSita karatA rahA huuN| maiM zramaNa-ghAtI tathA AcArya-pradveSI huuN| zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra hI sacce jina haiN| ataH merI mRtyu ke pazcAt mere bAeM pA~va meM rassI bA~dha kara mere mu~ha meM tIna bAra thUkanA tathA zrAvastI ke rAjamArgoM meM 'gozAlaka jina nahIM, parantu, mahAvIra hI jina haiM'; isa prakAra udghoSaNA karate hue, mere zarIra ko khIMcakara le jaanaa|" aisA karane ke lie usane sthaviroM ko zapatha bhI dilaaii| gozAlaka kI mRtya ___gozAlaka mRtyu ko prApta huaa| sthaviroM ne kumbhakArApaNa ke daravAje banda kara die| unhoMne vahIM AMgana meM zrAvastI kA citra bnaayaa| gozAlaka ke kathAnusAra saba kArya kie| usake muMha meM tIna bAra thUkA tathA manda-manda svara meM bole-'gozAlaka ! jina nahIM, paranta, zravaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra hI jina haiN|" sthaviroM ne apanI pratijJA pUrNa kara gozAlaka ke prathama kathanAnusAra usakI pUjA kI aura dhUma-dhAma se mRta deha kI sasammAna antyeSTi kii| ___ gautama svAmI ne eka dina bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchA-"bhagavan ! sarvAnubhUti anagAra, jinheM gozAlaka ne bhasma kara diyA thA, yahA~ se kAla-dharma ko prApta kara kahA~ gae haiM ?" bhagavAn mahAvIra ne uttara diyA- "gautama ! sarvAnubhUti anagAra sahasrAra kalpa meM aThAraha ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA gozAlaka 27 sAgaropama kI sthiti meM deva rUpa se utpanna huA hai / vaha vahA~ se cyuta ho, mahAvideha kSetra meM janma lekara siddha, buddha tathA vimukta hogaa| isI taraha sunakSatra anagAra bhI acyuta kalpa meM bAIsa sAgaropama kI sthiti meM deva rUpa se utpanna huA hai / vahA~ se cyuta hokara vaha bhI mahAvideha kSetra meM utpanna hogA aura vahA~ sarva karma-kSaya kara vimukta hogaa|" gautama svAmI ne phira pUchA- "bhagavan ! ApakA kuziSya gozAlaka mRtyu prApta kara kahA~ utpanna huA hai ?" bhagavAn mahAvIra ne uttara diyA- 'vaha acyuta kalpa meM bAIsa sAgaropama kI sthiti vAlA deva huA hai| vahA~ se cyuta ho, aneka bhava-bhavAntaroM meM bhramaNa karatA rhegaa| anta meM use samyagdRSTi prApta hogii| dRr3hapratijJa muni ke rUpa meM kevalI hokara sarva du:khoM kA anta kregaa| kuNDakolika aura AjIvaka deva ___ gozAlaka kI niyativAdI mAnyatA para kuNDakolika zramaNopAsaka kA ghaTanA-prasaMga bahuta hI sarasa aura jJAnavarddhaka hai / kaNDakolika kampilapura nagara kA dhanADhya gRhapati thaa| vaha bhagavAn mahAvIra kA upAsaka thaa| eka dina madhyAhna ke samaya vaha apanI azoka vATikA meM aayaa| zilApaTTa para AsIna huaa| apanA uttarIya utArA aura eka ora rakha diyaa| nAmAMkita mudrikA utArI aura uttarIya ke pAsa rakha dii| bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA batAI gaI dharma-prajJapti kA AcaraNa karane lgaa| akasmAt eka deva aayaa| uttarIya aura mudrikA ko uThAkara kiMkiNInAda ke sAtha AkAza meM prakaTa huaa| AkAza meM khar3e hI usane kuNDakolika ke sAtha carcA prArambha kii| deva-"kuNDakolika ! maMkhaliputra gozAlaka kI dharma-prajJapti prazasta hai ; kyoMki usameM utthAna (utsAha), karma, bala, vIrya, puruSAkAra, parAkrama Adi kucha nahIM haiN| saba svabhAva niyata haiN| mahAvIra kI dharma-prajJapti acchI nahIM hai ; kyoMki usameM utthAna, karma Adi saba mAne gae haiM aura saba svabhAva aniyata haiN|" kuNDakolika-"deva ! yadi aisA hai, to batAo na, tumheM yaha deva-Rddhi kaise milI? tumhAre utthAna, bala Adi isake kAraNa haiM yA yaha niyativaza hI mila gaI ?" deva-kuNDakolika ! maiM to mAnatA hUM, yaha deva-Rddhi mujhe yoM hI niyativaza milI, hai| isakA kAraNa koI puruSAkAra yA parAkrama nahIM hai|" kuNDakolika-"deva ! aisA hai, to anya sabhI ko yaha deva-Rddhi kyoM nahIM milI, tumheM hI kyoM milI ? tAtparya yaha ki apane utthAna, bala Adi se hI vyakti saba kucha pAtA hai| tumhArA yaha kathana mithyA hai ki gozAlaka kI dharma-prajJapti acchI hai aura mahAvIra kI acchI nahIM hai|" deva yaha saba sunakara apane siddhAnta meM saMbhrAnta haA aura kuNDakolika kA uttarIya aura mudrikA yathAsthAna rakha kara apane gantavya kI ora calA gyaa| prasaMgAntara se bhaga 1. bhagavatI sUtra (hindI anuvAda) pR0626-652 ke AdhAra para / anuvAdaka-madana kumAra mehatA, pra0 zruta-prakAzana mandira, klkttaa| ___ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripaTika : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : mahAvIra ne apane sAdhuoM ke samakSa kuNDakolika ke isa carcAvAda kI prazaMsA kii| zakaDAlaputra zakaDAlaputra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pramukha dasa zrAvakoM meM se eka thaa| pahale vaha AjIvaka mata kA anuyAyI thA aura bAda meM mahAvIra kA zramaNopAsaka bnaa| uvAsagadasAo meM isa sambandha kA sArA vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| gozAlaka kI mAnyatA ko samajhane ke lie bhI vaha eka maulika prakaraNa hai| polAsapura nagara meM zakaDAla putra nAmaka kumbhakAra rahatA thaa| usake pAsa tIna karor3a svaNa mudrAeM va dasa hajAra gaueM thiiN| usakI patnI kA nAma agnimitrA thaa| bhaMDa-nirmANa kA unake bahuta bar3A udyoga thaa| vaha AjIvaka sampradAya ke nAyaka gozAlaka kA anuyAyI thaa| eka dina azoka vATikA meM vaha AjIvaka mata ke anusAra vrata sAdhanA kara rahA thaa| usa samaya eka devatA prakaTa haA aura bolA-"devAnapriya ! kala yahA~ 'mahAmAhaNa' Ane vAlA hai| vaha jina hai aura triloka-pUjya hai| tuma use praNAma karanA aura usakI sevA krnaa|" zakaDAlaputra socane lagA-"mere dharmAcArya maMkhaliputra gozAlaka hI 'mahAmAhaNa' aura triloka-pUjya haiM / ve hI kala yahAM AeMge / maiM unakI sevA kruuNgaa|" dUsare dina bhagavAn mahAvIra zramaNa-samudAya ke sAtha vahA~ pdhaare| sahasroM loga darzana aura vyAkhyAna sunane ke lie ekatrita hue| zakaDAlaputra ke mana meM bhI kautUhala aura jijJAsA utpanna huii| vaha bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ko vandana karane ke lie aayaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-'kala kisI deva ne Akara kisI 'mahAmAhaNa' ke Ane kI jo sUcanA tujhe dI thI, vaha gozAlaka ke lie nahIM thii|" zakaDAlaputra isa rahasyodghATana se bahuta prabhAvita huA aura usane apanI dukAnoM meM nivAsa karane ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra ko Amantrita kiyA / bhagavAn vahAM Ae aura rahane lge| zakaDAlaputra nitAnta niyativAdI thA / eka dina jaba ki miTTI ke bartanoM ko sukhAne kA kAma cala rahA thA, bhagavAn mahAvIra ne zaka DAlaputra se kahA- "devAnapriya ! kyA ye sAre bartana binA prayatna kiye hI taiyAra hue haiM ?" ... zakaDAlaputra-'ye prayatna se nahIM bane haiN| jo kucha hotA hai, vaha niyativaza hI hotA hai|" bhagavAn - "yadi koI ina bartanoM ko phor3a DAle yA agnimitrA ke sAtha sahavAsa kare tuma kyA karoge ?" zakaDAlaputra-"maiM use zApa dUMgA, usa para prahAra karUMgA aura use mAra ddaaluuNgaa|" bhagavAn -yadi yaha tathya hai-jo kucha hotA hai, vaha niyati vaza hI hotA hai ; to aisA karane ke lie tuma kyoM udyata hote ho ?" zakaDAlaputra ko samyak jJAna huA aura usane aNuvrata rUpa gRhastha-dharma ko svIkAra kiyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra vahAM se vihAra kara ge| gozAlaka zakaDAlaputra ko punaH apane dharma meM ArUr3ha karane ke lie eka dina usake ghara aayaa| zakaDAlaputra ne use kicit bhI sammAna nahIM diyaa| gozAlaka ne anya mArga na 1. uvAsagadasAo, a06 ke AdhAra pr| ____ 2010_05

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29 itihAsa aura paramparA] gozAlaka pAkara bhagavAn mahAvIra kI prabhAvazAlI stuti kii| zakaDAlaputra bolA- "he gozAlaka ! tumane mere dharmAcArya kI stuti kI hai, isalie maiM tumheM apanI dukAneM rahane ke lie aura zayyAsaMstAraka Adi grahaNa karane ke lie AmaMtrita karatA huuN|" gozAlaka dukAnoM meM rhaa| zakaDAlaputra ko phira se apane sampradAya meM lAne ke lie bhagIratha prayatna kiyA, para, usameM asaphala hokara vahA~ se anyatra vihAra kara diyaa|' anya prasaMga . gozAlaka sudIrgha avadhi taka bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAtha rhaa| bhagavatI Adi AgamoM meM jahA~ usakA suvistRta varNana hai, Agamottara granthoM meM bhI usa sahavAsa ke aneka pUraka prasaMga milate haiN| bhale hI una prasaMgoM kA mahatva Agamokta prasaMgoM jitanA na ho, tathApi ve rocakatA jJAna-vRddhi aura zodha-sAmagrI kI dRSTi se paThanIya aura mananIya haiN| eka bAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kollAga sanniveza se suvarNakhala kI ora vihAra kiyaa| gozAlaka bhI bhagavAn ke sAtha thaa| mArga meM kucha grAmINa khIra pakA rahe the / khIra ko dekha kara gozAlaka kA mana llcaayaa| usane bhagavAna mahAvIra se kahA- "hama kucha dera yahIM tthhreN| khIra paka kara utara jaaegii| hama bhI khIra se avazya lAbhAnvita hoNge|" bhagavAna mahAvIra ne uttara diyA-"isa khIra se hama to kyA , ise pakAne vAle bhI lAbhAnvita nahIM hoNge| yaha to binA pake hI naSTa ho jAne vAlI hai|" bhagavAn Age cle| gozAlaka vahIM ThaharA ; yaha jAnane ke lie ki kyA hotA hai ? gozAlaka ne khIra pakAne vAloM ko bhI isa saMbhAvya aniSTa se sAvadhAna kiyaa| grAmINa pUre sAvadhAna ho gae ; yaha miTTI kA bartana kahIM lur3haka na jAe, phaTa na jaae| phira bhI vahI huA, jo bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA thaa| bartana meM cAvala aura dUdha mAtrA se adhika the| cAvala phUle ki bartana phttaa| sArI khIra miTTI aura rAkha meM bahane lgii| gozAlaka isa ghaTanA se niyativAda kI ora jhukA / ___ eka bAra bhagavAna mahAvIra brAhmaNa gAMva meM aae| gozAlaka bhI sAtha thaa| usa gA~va ke do bhAga the : 1. nandapATaka aura 2. upanandapATaka / nanda aura upananda do bhAI the| donoM ke Azrita bhAga unake apane-apane nAma se pukAre jAte the| bhagavAna mahAvIra bhikSAcarI ke dhyeya se nandapATaka meM nanda ke ghara Aye / nanda ne bhagavAn ko dadhimizrita taNDula bhaare| gozAlaka upanandapATaka meM upana da ke ghara bhikSA ke liye gyaa| dAsI ne bAsI bhAta gozAlaka ko dene ke lie kar3achI meM utthaayaa| gozAlaka ne ise apanA apamAna samajhA aura vaha, dAsI ke sAtha lar3ane-jhagar3ane lgaa| pAsa baiThA upananda yaha saba dekha-suna rahA thaa| gozAlaka kI harakata para use bhI krodha aayaa| usane dAsI se kahA-yaha bAsI bhAta letA hai to de, nahIM to isake sira para DAla / dAsI ne vaisA hI kara ddaalaa| gozAlaka Aga babUlA ho utthaa| usane zrApa diyA-"mere guru ke tapa-teja kA koI prabhAva ho, to tumhArA yaha prasAda jala kara bhasma ho jaae|" vyantera devoM ne mahAvIra kI pratiSThA bar3hAne ke lie vaha mahala bhasma kara 1. uvAsagadasAo, a0 7 ke AdhAra pr| 2. Avazyaka niyukti, malayagirivRtti, pUrvabhAga, gA0 474 patra saMkhyA 277-1; __ Avazyaka cUrNi, prathama bhAga, patra 283 / ___ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa:1 ddaalaa| eka bAra bhagavAn mahAvIra kAlAya sanniveza meM aae| sanniveza ke bAhara eka khaNDahara thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra sAyaMkAla usI khaNDahara meM dhyAnastha hue| gozAlaka bhI dvAra ke pAsa vahIM rahA / sanniveza ke adhipati kA putra siMha vidyunmatI dAsI ko sAtha liye akasmAta usI khaNDahara meM aayaa| vaha kAmecchu thaa| usane AvAja dI-"koI yahA~ hai ?" bhagavAn dhyAnastha the| gozAlaka bolA nhiiN| usane pUrNa vijanatA samajha kara vahIM manojJa kAma-krIr3A kii| jaba ve donoM vApasa jAne lage, kAmAtura gozAlaka ne vidyunmatI kA hAtha pakar3a liyaa| gozAlaka kI usa harakata se siMha bahuta krodhita huA aura usane gozAlaka kI pUrI khabara lii| __ bhagavAn mahAvIra kumArAka sanniveza aaye| campakaramaNIya udyAna meM dhyAnastha huye| madhyAhna meM gozAlaka ne bhagavAn se kahA- "bhagavan ! bastI meM bhikSA ke lie cleN|" bhagavAn ne kahA-"Aja merA upavAsa hai| maiM bhikSA ke lie nahIM jaauuNgaa|" gozAlaka bastI meM AyA kUpanaya nAmaka eka dhanADhya kumbhakAra kI zAlA meM pArzvanAthaparamparA ke AcArya municandra apane ziSyoM sahita Thahare hue the| gozAlaka unheM dekha kara Azcarya-mugdha huaa| usake mana meM AyA, ye kaise sAdhu haiM, jo raMga-biraMge vastra pahanate haiM, pAtra Adi aneka upakaraNa rakhate haiN| gozAlaka ne pUchA-"Apa kauna se sAdhu haiM ?" uttara milA-nirgrantha haiM aura pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyI haiM ?" gozAlaka ne punaH kahA-"yaha kaisI nirgranthatA ? saba kucha to saMgRhIta par3A hai ? mere guru aura maiM hI sacce nirgrantha haiN| tuma sabane to AjIvikA calAne ke lie DhoMga raca rakhA hai|" sAdhuoM ne pratyuttara meM kahA-"jaisA tU hai, vaise hI tere dharmAcArya hoMge ?" / krodhita gozAlaka ne kahA-"tuma mere dharmAcArya kI avajJA karate ho| maiM zrApa detA hU~ ki mere guru ke tapa-teja se tumhArA yaha upAzraya bhasma ho jaae|" gozAlaka ne aneka bAra aisA kahA, para, kucha bhI nahIM huaa| pArvAnuga sAdhuoM ne kahA-"kyoM vyartha kaSTa karate ho ? na kucha jalane vAlA hai aura na kucha milane vAlA hai|" sambhrAnta-sA gozAlaka vahAM se haTa kara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa AyA aura kahane lagA-"Aja parigrahI sAdhuoM se vivAda ho gyaa| maiMne zrApa diyA, para, unakA upAzraya nahIM jlaa| bhagavan ! aisA kyoM ?" bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-"gozAlaka ! tumhArI dhAraNA ayathArtha hai| jo ve kara rahe haiM, vaha saba vihita hai / tumhArA zrApa una para nahIM clegaa| eka bAra bhagavAn mahAvIra caurAka sanniveza aae| gozAlaka bhI sAtha thaa| gAMva meM coroM kA bahuta bhaya thaa| sthAna-sthAna para paharedAra khar3e rahate the| gAMva meM jAte hI paharedAroM 1. Avazyaka niyukti, malayagirivRtti, pUrvabhAga, gA0 475 patra saMkhyA 277-1-2; ___ Avazyaka cUrNi, prathama bhaag| 2. Avazyaka niyukti, malaya girivRtti, pUrvabhAga, gA0 476, patra saMkhyA 278-1; ___ Avazyaka cUNi, pUrvabhAga, patra saM0 284 / 3. Avazyaka niyukti, malayagirivRtti, pUrvabhAga, gA0 477, patra saM0 276-1; Avazyaka cUrNi, pUrvabhAga, patra 285 / ___ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] gozAlaka 31 ne unheM ghera liyA aura taraha-taraha ke prazna pUchane lge| mahAvIra mauna rhe| unheM dekha kara gozAlaka bhI mauna rhaa| paharedAra unheM guptacara samajha satAne lge| usI gAMva meM utpala naimittika kI do bahineM sonA aura jayantI rahatI thiiN| ye pahale zramaNa-dharma meM dIkSita raha cukI thiiN| asamarthatA ke kAraNa aba ve parivAjikAe~ bana calI thiiN| ve paharedAroM ke pAsa AIM aura samajhAbujhA kara unheM zAnta kiyaa| sthiti se avagata hokara pararedArauM ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se kSamAyAcanA kii|' eka bAra bhagavAna mahAvIra kayaMgalA nagarI meM aaye| udyAna ke deva-mandira meM tthhre| rAta ko devAlaya ke eka kone meM dhyAnastha khar3e ho ge| gozAlaka bhI mandira meM eka ora baiTha gayA / mAgha kA mahInA thA / AkAza bAdaloM se ghirA thaa| nanhI-nanhI bUnheM gira rahI thiiN| ThaNDI havA joroM para thii| usI rAta mandira meM eka dhArmika utsava ho rahA thaa| gIta aura vAdya ke sAtha strI-puruSoM kA sahanartana bhI ho rahA thA / zIta se pIr3ita gozAlaka ko yaha saba acchA nahIM lgaa| vaha apane Apa hI bar3abar3Ane lagA-kaisA dharma hai ; strI aura puruSa sAtha-sAtha nAca rahe haiN| gozAlaka kA yaha saba kahanA upasthita logoM ko acchA nahIM lgaa| hAtha pakar3a kara use devAlaya se bAhara kara diyaa| gozAlaka bAhara baiThA zIta se kAMpa rahA thaa| vaha kahatA thA, kaisA kaliyuga AyA hai, saca kahane vAlA hI mArA jAtA hai / kucha logoM ko phira se dayA aaii| use devAlaya ke andara bulA liyaa| vaha phira unake dharma kI nindA karane lgaa| yuvaka uttejita hue| mArane ke lie daudd'e| vRddhoM ne unheM rokA aura kahA-'hama loga bAje itane jora se bajAeM ki isakI yaha bar3abar3AhaTa kAnoM meM hI na pdd'e|' isa taraha prAtaHkAla huA aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ne zrAvastI kI ora vihAra kiyaa| kUpiya sanniveza se eka bAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vaizAlI kI ora vihAra kiyaa| gozAlaka bhagavAn ke sAtha rahate-rahate unakI kaThora caryA se Uba cukA thaa| usane bhagavAn mahAvIra se kahA-"aba maiM Apake sAtha nahIM cluuNgaa| Apa merA jarA bhI dhyAna nahIM rkhte| sthAna-sthAna para loga merI tarjanA karate haiN| Apa A~kha mUMdakara khar3e rahate haiN| Apake sAtha rahane se mujhe milatA kyA hai ; sivAya kaSTa jhelane ke aura bhUkhoM marane ke|' mahAvIra vaizAlI kI ora gaye / gozAlaka rAjagRha aayaa| chaha mahIne mahAvIra se pRthak rahA / gayA thA sukha pAne, para, pAyA kevala kaSTa-hI-kaSTa / koI Adara nahIM karate; Adara pUrvaka bhikSA nahIM dete| kaSToM se ghabarA kara punaH vaha bhagavAn mahAvIra ko khojane , lgaa| zAlIzIrSa gAMva meM bhagavAn mile / vaha taba se punaH unake sAtha ho liyaa|3 . digambara-paramparA meM gozAlaka-sambandhI ukta vivecana zvetAmbara AgamoM kA hai| digambara-paramparA meM 1. Avazyaka niyukti, malayagirivRtti, pUrvabhAga, gA0 477, patra saM0 278-2, 276-1; Avazyaka cUNi, pUrva bhAga, patra 286 / 2. Avazyaka sUtra niyukti, malayagirivRtti, pUrvabhAga, gA0 478, patra saM0 276; Avazyaka cUrNi, pUrvabhAga, patra saM0 287 / 3. Avazyaka cUNi, pUrvabhAga, patra saM0 262 / ____ 2010_05

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32 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 gozAlaka-sambandhI kucha bAteM prakArAntara se milatI haiM / usake anusAra gozAlaka pArzvanAtha paramparA ke eka muni the| mahAvIra kI paramparA meM Akara ve gaNadhara pada para niyukta honA cAhate the| mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa meM jaba inakI niyukti gaNadhara-pada para nahIM huI, taba ve vahAM se pRthak ho gye| zrAvastI meM Akara ve AjIvaka sampradAya ke netA bane aura apane ko tIrthaGkara kahane lage / ve upadeza bhI aisA dete-"jJAna se mokSa nahIM hotA, ajJAna se hI mokSa hotA hai| deva yA Izvara koI hai hI nahIM ; isalie svecchApUrvaka zUnya kA dhyAna karanA, caahie|" tripiTakoM meM sabase burA buddha tatkAlIna matoM va mata-pravartakoM meM AjIvaka saMgha aura gozAlaka ko sabase burA samajhate the / sat puruSa aura asat puruSa kA varNana karate hue ve kahate haiM : "koI vyakti aisA hotA hai jo ki bahuta janoM ke alAbha ke lie hotA hai, bahuta janoM kI hAni ke lie hotA hai, bahuta janoM ke duHkha ke lie hotA hai, vaha devoM ke lie bhI alAbhakAraka aura hAnikAraka hotA hai ; jaise-makkhalI goshaal| gozA se adhika durjana merI dRSTi meM koI nahIM hai| jaise dhIvara machaliyoM ko jAla meM phaMsAtA hai, vaise vaha manuSyoM ko apane jAla meM phaMsAtA hai|"2 prasaMgAntara se buddha yaha bhI kahate haiM : "zramaNadharmoM meM sabase nikRSTa aura jaghanya mata gozAla kA hai, ThIka vaise hI jaise ki saba prakAra ke vastroM meM keza nirmita kambala nikRSTa hotI hai| vaha kambala zItakAla meM zItala, grISmakAla meM uSNa tathA durvarNa, durgandha, duHsparza vAlI hotI hai| jIvanavyavahAra meM aisA hI nirupayogI gozAla kA niyativAda hai|" buddha ke anuyAyI bhI AjIvakoM ko ghaNA kI dRSTi se dekhate the| jetavana meM rahate eka bAra buddha ne bhikSuoM ko varSA-snAna kI AjJA dii| bhikSu vastra-vimukta ho snAna karane lge| pramukha buddha-zrAvikA vizAkhA kI dAsI bhojana-kAla kI sUcanA dene ArAma meM aaii| nagna bhikSuoM ko dekha, usane socA, ye AjIvaka haiN| vizAkhA se jAkara kahA-ArAma meM zAkya 1. masayari-pUraNArisiNo uppaNNo paasnnaahtitthmmi| sirivIra samavasaraNe agahiyajhuNiNA niyatteNa // bahiNiggaeNa uttaM majjhaM eyAra saagNdhaariss| Niggai jhUNINa araho, Niggaya vissAsa sIsassa // Na muNai jiNakahiya suyaM saMpai dikkhAya gahiya goymo| vippo veyabbhAsI tamhA mokkhaM Na nnaannaao| aNNANAo mokkhaM evaM loyANa payaDamANo hu| devo a Natthi koI suNNaM jhAeha icchAe / -bhAvasaMgraha, gAthA 176 se 179 2. aMguttara nikAya, 1-18-4:5 / 3. TIkA granthoM ke anusAra yaha kambala manuSya ke kezoM se banatI haiN| 4. The Book of Gradual Sayings, vol. I, p. 265. 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] gozAlaka bhikSu nahIM haiM, AjIvaka' bhikSu snAna kara rahe haiN| vizAkhA paristhiti samajha gii| buddha jaba bhikSu-saMgha ke sAtha usake ghara Ae, usane sArI ghaTanA kaha sunAI aura nivedana kiyA'bhante ! nagnatva gahaspida aura ghRNAspada hai|'2 niyativAda kI taraha gozAlaka kI eka anya mAnyatA kA nAma saMsAra-zuddhivAda hai ; jisake anusAra caudaha lAkha chAsaTha sau pramukha yoniyAM haiN| pAMca karma (pAMca indriyoM ke) haiN| tIna karma (zarIra, vacana aura mana) haiM / eka pUrNa karma (zarIra yA vacana kI apekSA se) hai aura eka ardha karma (mana kI apekSA se) hai| bAsaTha mArga haiM / bAsaTha antara kalpa haiN| chaH abhijAtiyAM haiN| ATha puruSa bhUmiyAM, unacAsa sau vyavasAya, unacAsa sau parivrAjaka, unacAsa sI nAga-AvAsa, do hajAra indriyAM, tIna hajAra naraka, chattIsa rajodhAtu, sAta saMjJI garbha, sAta asaMjJI garbha, sAta nirgrantha garbha, sAta deva, sAta manuSya, sAta pizAca, sAta sarovara, sAta sau sAta gAMTha, sAta sau sAta pratApa, sAta sau svapna haiN| caurAsI lAkha mahAkalpa haiM, jinameM mUrkha aura paNDita bhramaNa karate hue saba duHkhoM kA anta kreNge| yadi koI kahe ki isa zIla se isa vrata se, isa tapa se athavA brahmacarya se maiM aparipakva karma ko paripakva banAUMgA athavA paripakva karma ke phaloM kA upabhoga karake use naSTa kara dUMgA, to vaha usase nahIM ho skegaa| isa saMsAra meM sukha-duHkha itane nizcita haiM ki unheM parimita droNoM (mApoM) se mApA jA sakatA hai| unheM kama yA adhika nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jisa prakAra koI sUta kA golA pheMkane para usake pUrI taraha khula jAne taka vaha Age bar3hatA jAyegA, usI prakAra buddhimAnoM aura mukhoM ke duHkhoM kA nAza tabhI hogA, jaba ve (saMsAra kA) samagra cakra pUrA karake aayeNge|" avalokana pUjyatA aura usakA hetu gozAlaka ke siddhAnta va vicAra kucha bhI rahe hoM, yaha to nirvivAda hI hai ki ve usa samaya ke eka bahujana-mAnya aura khyAti-labdha dharma-nAyaka the| inakA dharma-saMgha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma-saMgha se bhI bar3A thA, yaha jaina paramparA bhI mAnatI hai|4 mahAvIra ke dasa zrAvakoM kI taraha inake bhI bAraha pramukha zrAvaka the| buddha kA yaha kathana bhI ki "vaha machaliyoM kI 1. AjIva syAmI prati meM AjIvika pATha hai| 2. aMguttara nikAya aTThakathA, 1-7-2 / 3. Rhys Davids Dialogues of Buddha, Vol. I, pp, 72-3; cf. G.P. Malalasekara, Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, Vol. II, pp. 398-93 dIgha nikAya, 1-53; majjhima nikAya, 1-231, 238, 438, 516; saMyutta nikAya, 1.66, 68, 3.211, 4-368; aMguttara nikAya, 1-33, 286, 3.276, 384; jAtaka, 1-436, 506 / 4. anuzruti ke anusAra gozAlaka ke zrAvakoM kI saMkhyA 11 lAkha 61 hajAra thI, jabaki mahAvIra ke zrAvakoM kI saMkhyA 1 lAkha 56 hajAra thii| (kalpasUtra, sU0 136) / 5. bhagavatI sUtra, zataka 8, uddezaka 5 / 2010_05

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34 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 taraha logoM ko apane jAla meM phaMsAtA hai" gozAlaka ke prabhAva ko hI vyakta karatA hai| prazna hotA hai, ve caritra-saMyama va sAdhanA kI dRSTi se buddha va mahAvIra jitane UMce nahIM the, to AjIvaka saMgha itanA vistRta kaise ho sakA ? isake sambhAvita kAraNa haiM- bhaviSya sambhASaNa va kaThora tapazcaryA / mahAvIra' va buddha ke saMgha meM nimitta-sambhASaNa varjita thA / gozAlaka va unake sahacArI isa dizA meM unmukta the / pArzvanAtha ke pArzvastha bhikSu mukhyatayA nimitta sambhASaNa se hI AjIvikA calAte the / gozAlaka ko nimitta sikhalAne vAle bhI unhIM meM se the aura ve hI unake mukhya sahacara the tapazcaryA bhI AjIvaka saMgha kI utkaTa thI / jainaAgama isakA mukta samarthana karate haiM / bauddha nikAya bhI gozAlaka ke taponiSTha hone kI sUcanA dete haiM / " gaveSakoM kI sAmAnya dhAraNA bhI isI pakSa meM hai / AcArya narendradeva ke anusAra AjIvaka paMcAgni tApate the / utkaTuka rahate the / camagAdar3a kI bhAMti havA meM jhUlate the / unake isa kaSTa tapa ke kAraNa hI samAja meM inakA mAna thA / loga nimitta, zakuna, svapna Adi kA phala inase pUchate the / / bahuta sArI truTiyoM ke rahate hue bhI gozAlaka kA samAja meM Adara pA jAnA isalie asvAbhAvika nahIM hai ki tapa aura nimitta donoM hI bhAratIya samAja ke pradhAna AkarSaNa sadA se rahe haiN| nAma aura karma gozAlaka ke nAma aura karma (vyavasAya) ke viSaya meM bhI nAnA vyAkhyAeM milatI haiM / jaina AgamoM kI sudRr3ha aura sunizcita dhAraNA hai hI ki gozAlaka maMkha karane vAle maMkhali nAmaka vyakti ke putra the / bhagavatI, uvAsagadasAo Adi AgamoM meM gosAle maMkhalIputta arthAt gozAlaka maMkhaliputra zabda kA prayoga huA hai / yahAM maMkhaliputra zabda ko gozAlaka ke eka paricAyaka vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM vyavahRta kiyA gayA hai| maMkha zabda kA artha kahIM citrakAra(r) va kahIM citra vikretA kiyA gayA hai, para, vAstavikatA ke nikaTa TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri kA yahI artha lagatA hai - citraphalakaM haste gataM yasya sa tathA --- tAtparya, jo citrapaTTaka hAtha meM rakhakara AjIvikA karatA hai / maMkha eka jAti thI aura usa jAti ke loga ziva yA kisI deva kA citrapaTTa hAtha meM rakhakara apanI AjIvikA calAte the / DAkota 1. NisI hajjhayaNam, u013-66, dasaveyAlia a08 gA0 50 / 2. vinaya piTaka, cullavagga, 5-6-2 / zloka 3. Avazyaka pUrNi, patra 273 ; triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritram, parva 10, sarga 4, 134-35; tIrthaMkara mahAvIra, bhA0 2, pR0 103 / 4. AjIviyANaM cauvvihe tave paM0 taM0- ugga tave ghora tave rasaNijjUhaNatA jibbhi diyapaDilINatA / -ThANAMga sUtra, 5. saMyukta nikAya 10, nAnA titthiya sutta / 6. bauddha dharma-darzana, pR0 4 / 7. B. C. Law, Indological Studies, Vol. II, p. 254. 8. Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, Vol. II, p. 400. 2010_05 ThA0 4, u0 2, sU0 306 /

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itihAsa aura paramparA] gozAlaka jAti ke loga Aja bhI 'zani' deva kI mUrti yA citra pAsa rakhakara AjIvikA upArjita karate haiN| tripiTaka paramparA meM isa AjIvaka netA ko makkhali gozAla kahA gayA hai| makkhali nAma usakA kyoM par3A, isa sambandha meM bhI eka vicitra-sI kathA bauddha paramparA meM pracalita hai; jisake anusAra gozAlaka dAsa thaa| eka bAra vaha tela kA ghar3A uThAye Age-Age cala rahA thA aura usakA mAlika piiche-piiche| Age phisalana kI bhUmi aaii| usake svAmI ne kahAtAta ! mA khali, tAta! mA khali "are ! skhalita mata honA, skhalita mata honA", para, gozAlaka skhalita huA aura tela bhUmi para vaha calA / vaha svAmI ke Dara se bhAgane lgaa| svAmI ne usakA vastra pakar3a liyaa| vaha vastra chor3akara naMgA hI bhAga claa| isa prakAra vaha nagna sAdhu ho gayA aura loga use 'makkhali' kahane lge| yaha kathAnaka bauddha paramparA meM bhI bahuta uttarakAlika hai; ataH usakA mahattva eka dantakathA yA eka kiMvadantI se adhika nahIM AMkA jA sktaa| __vyAkaraNAcArya pANini ne ise maskarI zabda mAnA hai| maskarI zabda kA sAmAnya artha parivrAjaka kiyA hai| bhASyakAra pataJjali kahate haiM- "maskarI vaha sAdhu nahIM hai, jo hAtha meM maskara yA bAMsa kI lAThI lekara calatA hai| phira kyA hai ? maskarI vaha hai, jo upadeza detA hai, karma mata kro| zAnti kA mArga hI zreyaskara hai| yahAM gozAlaka kA nAmagrAha ullekha bhale hI na ho, para, pANini aura pataJjali kA abhiprAya asaMdigdha rUpa meM usI ora saMketa karatA hai / lagatA hai, 'karma mata karo' kI vyAkhyA taba pracalita huI, jaba gozAlaka samAja meM eka dharmAcArya ke rUpa meM vikhyAta ho cuke the| ho sakatA hai, unhoMne pracalita nAma kI navIna vyAkhyA dI ho| jaina AgamoM kA abhiprAya isa viSaya meM maulika lagatA hai| ve use maMkhali kA putra batAne ke sAtha-sAtha gozAlA meM utpanna bhI kahate haiM, jisakI puSTi pANini gozAlAyAM jAtaH gozAlaH (4 / 3 / 35) isa vyutpatti-niyama se karate haiN| AcArya buddhaghoSa ne bhI sAmaJaphalasutta kI TIkA meM gozAlaka kA janma gozAlA meM huA mAnA hai|4 pANini kA kAla I0pU0 480 se I0pU0 410 kA mAnA gayA hai| yadi ve apane madhya jIvana meM bhI vyAkaraNa kI racanA karate haiM, to usakA samaya I0pU0 445 ke AsapAsa kA hotA hai / mahAvIra kA nirvANa I0pU0 527 meM hotA hai aura gozAlaka kA nidhana isase 16 varSa pUrva arthAt I0pU0 543 meM hotA hai| tAtparya, gozAlaka ke zarIrAnta aura pANini ke racanA-kAla meM lagabhaga 100 varSa kA antara A jAtA hai| yaha bahuta svAbhAvika 1. AcArya buddha ghoSa, dhammapada aTTha kathA; 1-143; majjhima nikAya, aTTha kathA; 1-422 / 2. maskaraM maskariNau vennuprivraajkyoH| -pANini vyAkaraNa, 6-1-154 / 3. na vai maskaro'syAtIti maskarI privraajkH| kiM tahi ? mAkRta karmANi mAkRta karmANi, zAntirvaH zreyasItyAhAto maskarI parivrAjakaH / / --pAtaJjala mahAbhASya 6-1-154 / 4. sumaMgala vilAsinI, (dIgha nikAya aTThakathA) pR0 143-44 / 5. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, pANinikAlIna bhAratavarSa, pR0 476 / ___ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa:1 hai ki kisI bhI dharma yA sampradAya kI sAdhAraNa vyutpattiyAM usake utkarSa kAla meM gurutAmalaka navIna vyAkhyAeM le letI haiN| sampradAyoM ke itihAsa meM isake aneka udAharaNa mila sakate haiN| gozAlaka kI zramaNa-paramparA ko tripiTakoM meM 'AjIvaka' tathA AgamoM meM 'AjIvika' kahA gayA hai| donoM hI zabda ekArthaka se hI haiM / lagatA hai, pratipakSa ke dvArA hI yaha nAmanirdhAraNa huA hai| AjIvaka va AjIvika zabda kA abhiprAya hai-AjIvikA ke lie hI tapazcaryA Adi karane vAlA / ' AjIvaka svayaM inakA kyA artha karate the, yaha kahIM ullikhita nahIM miltaa| ho sakatA hai, unhoMne bhikSAcarI ke kaThora niyamoM se AjIvikA prApta karane ke zlAghArtha meM ise apanA liyA ho| jaina AgamoM kI taraha bauddha piTakoM meM bhI unakI bhikSAcarI-niyamoM ke kaThora hone kA ullekha hai / majjhimanikAya ke anusAra unake bahuta sAre niyama nirgranthoM ke samAna aura kucha eka niyama unase bhI kaThora hote haiN| gozAlaka kA saMsAra-zuddhivAda AgamoM aura tripiTakoM meM bahuta samAnatA se upalabdha hotA hai, jisake ullekha pUrvavartI sambandhita prakaraNoM meM A cukA hai| caurAsI lAkha mahAkalpa kA parimANa AgamoM kI supaSTa vyAkhyA se milatA hai| DA. bAzama' ne ina sAre viSayoM para bahuta vistAra se likhA hai| jaina aura AjIvakoM meM sAmIpya jaina aura AjIvakoM ke adhikAMza prasaMga pArasparika bhartsanA ke sUcaka haiM, vahA~ kucha eka vivaraNa donoM ke sAmIpya sUcaka bhI haiN| usakA kAraNa donoM ke kucha eka AcAroM kI samAnatA ho sakatI hai| nagnatva donoM paramparAoM meM mAnya rahA hai| donoM paramparAoM ne ina vizeSatAoM ko lekara hI anya dhArmikoM kI apekSA eka dUsare ko zreSTha mAnA hai| jaina Agama batalAte haiM-tApasa jyotiSka taka, kAMdarpika saudharma taka, caraka parivrAjaka brahmaloka taka, kilviSika lAtaka kalpa taka, tiryaMca sahasrAra kalpa taka, AjIvaka va Abhiyogika acyuta kalpa taka, darzana-bhraSTa veSadhArI navama aveyaka taka jAte haiN| yahAM AjIvakoM ke marakara 1. dekheM, bhagavatI sUtra vRtti, zata0 1, u0 2; jainAgama zabda saMgraha, pR0 134; Hoernle, Ajivkas in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics ; E.J. Thomas, Buddha, p. 130. 2. mahAsaccaka sutta, 1-4-6 / 3. The History and Doctrines of Alivakas. 4. tApasa-svataH gire hue pattoM kA bhojana karane vAle sAdhu; kAndarpika-parihAsa aura kuceSTA karane vAle sAdhu; caraka parivrAjaka--DAkA DAlakara bhikSA lene vAle tridaNDI tApasa; kalviSika-caturvidha saMgha tathA jJAnAdika ke avaguNa bolane vAle sAdhu Abhiyogika-vidyA, mantra, vazIkaraNa Adi abhiyoga-kArya karane vAle sAdhu; drshn-bhrsstt-nihnv| -bhagavatI sUtra, zataka 1, u02| ___ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] gozAlake bArahaveM svarga taka pahuMcane kA ullekha hai, jabaki anya adhika se adhika pAMcaveM svarga taka hI raha gaye haiN| eka anya prasaMga meM AjIvakoM kI bhikSAcarI kA zlAghAtmaka byaurA dete hue batAyA gayA hai-"gAMvoM va nagaroM meM AjIvaka sAdhu hote haiN| unameM se kucha do gharoM ke aMtara se, kucha tIna gharoM ke aMtara se yAvat sAta gharoM ke aMtara se bhikSA grahaNa karate haiN|"1 / bhagavatI meM AjIvaka upAsakoM ke AcAra-vicAra kA zlAghAtmaka byaurA milatA hai| vahAM batAyA gayA hai-"ve gozAlaka ko arihanta deva mAnate haiM, mAtA-pitA kI zuzrUSA karate haiM, gUlara, bar3a, bora, aMjIra va pilakhu-ina pAMca prakAra ke phaloM kA bhakSaNa nahIM karate, palANDu (pyAja), lahasuna Adi kanda-mUla kA bhakSaNa nahIM karate, bailoM ko nirvAMchana nahIM karAte, unake nAka-kAna kA chedana nahIM karAte va trasa-prANiyoM kI hiMsA ho, aisA vyApAra nahIM krte|" gozAlaka ne chaH abhijAtiyoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA tathA vibhinna prakAra ke prANiyoM va bhikSuoM ko taratamatA se baaNttaa| kRSNaabhijAti-kasAI, AkheTaka, lubdhaka, matsya-ghAtaka, cora, luNTAka, kArAgRhika aura isa prakAra ke anya krUra karmAntaka loga / nIla abhijAti--kaNTakavRttika bhikSuka aura anya karmavAdI, kriyAvAdI log| lohita abhijAti-eka zATaka (eka vastradhArI) nirgrantha / haridrA abhijAti- zveta vastradhArI gRhastha va acelaka (nirgrantha) zrAvaka / zuklaabhijAti-AjIvaka aura anuyaayii| mahAzukla abhijAti-nanda vatsa, kRza sA~kRtya aura makkhalI gozAla / yadyapi ina abhijAtiyoM kA vargIkaraNa eka rUpa aura suspaSTa nahIM mila rahA hai, to bhI isa bAta kI sUcanA to suspaSTa hai hI ki AjIvakoM ne bhI apane se dUsarA sthAna nigaNThoM ko hI diyA thA; jaise ki nigaNThoM ne bhI apane se dUsarA sthAna AjIvakoM ko diyaa| guru kauna ? itihAsa aura zodha ke kSetra meM taTasthatA Aye, yaha nitAnta apekSita hai| sAmpradAyika vyAmoha isa kSetra se dUra rahe, yaha bhI anivArya apekSita hai / para, taTasthatA aura navIna sthApanA bhI bhayAvaha ho jAtI hai, jaba ve eka vyAmoha kA rUpa le letI haiN| gozAlaka ke sambandha meM 1. abhidhAna rAjendra, bhA. 2, pR0 116 / 2. zataka 8, uddezaka 5 / 3. kucha loga inheM pUraNakassapa dvArA abhihita mAnate haiM; para, vastuta: yaha gozAlaka dvArA pratipAdita honA caahie| vizeSa vistAra ke lie dekheM, tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta' prakaraNa ke aMtargata 'cha abhijAtiyoM meM nirgrnth'| 4. aMguttara nikAya, 6-6-57; saMyutta nikAya, 24-7-8 ke AdhAra pr| 5. jaina Agama pariNAma aura varNa kI dRSTi se prANiyoM ko chaH lezyAoM meM vibhakta karate haiN| dekheM tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke lie 'tripiTakoM meM nigaNDa va nigaNTha nAtaputta' prakaraNa ke antargata 'cha abhijAtiyoM meM nirgrantha' / 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 vigata varSoM meM gaveSaNAtmaka pravRtti bar3hI hai / AjIvaka mata aura gozAlaka para pazcima aura pUrva ke vidvAnoM ne bahuta kucha nayA bhI DhUMr3ha nikAlA hai| para, kheda kA viSaya hai ki navIna sthApanA ke vyAmoha meM kucha vidvAn gozAlaka sambandhI itihAsa ko mUla se hI auMdhe paira khar3A kara denA cAha rahe haiN| DA0 veNImAdhava baruA kahate haiM-''yaha to kahA hI jA sakatA hai ki jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM se milane vAlI jAnakArI se yaha pramANita nahIM ho sakatA ki jisa prakAra jaina gozAlaka mahAvIra ke do DhoMgI ziSyoM meM se eka DhoMgI ziSya batAte haiM; vaisA vaha thaa| pratyuta una jAnakAriyoM se viparIta hI pramANita hotA hai, arthAt maiM kahanA cAhatA hUM ki isa vivAdagrasta prazna para itihAsakAra prayatnazIla hote haiM, to unheM kahanA hI hogA ki una donoM meM eka dUsare kA koI RNI hai to vAstava meM guru hI RNI hai, na ki jainoM dvArA mAnA gayA unakA DhoMgI shissy|"1 DA0 baruA ne apanI dhAraNA kI pRSThabhUmi meM yaha bhI mAnA hai-"mahAvIra pahale to pArzvanAtha ke paMtha meM the, kiMtu, eka varSa bAda jaba ve acelaka hue, taba AjIvaka paMtha meM cale gye|"2 isake sAtha-sAtha DA0 baruA ne isa AdhAra ko hI apane pakSa meM ginAyA hai ki gozAlaka bhagavAn mahAvIra se do varSa pUrva jinapada prApta kara cuke the| 3 yadyapi DA0 baruA ne yaha bhI svIkAra kiyA hai ki ye saba kalpanA ke hI mahAn prayoga haiM ; 4 to bhI unako una kalpanAoM ne kisI-kisI ko avazya prabhAvita kiyA hai| tadanusAra ullekha bhI kiyA jAne lagA hai aura vaha bhI dviguNita hokr| gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela likhate haiM-"mahAvIra aura gozAlaka 6 varSa taka eka sAtha rahe the; ataH jaina sUtroM meM gozAlaka ke viSaya meM vizeSa paricaya milanA hI caahie| bhagavatI, sUyagaDAMga, uvAsagasAoM Adi sUtroM meM gozAlaka ke viSaya meM vistRta yA saMkSipta kucha ullekha milate haiN| kintu una sabameM gozAlaka ko caritra-bhraSTa tathA mahAvIra kA eka ziSya ThaharAne kA itanA adhika prayatna kiyA gayA lagatA hai ki sAmAnyatayA hI una ullekhoM ko AdhArabhUta mAnane kA mana nahIM raha jaataa| gozAlaka ke siddhAnta ko yathArtha rUpa se rakhane kA yathAzakti prayatna veNImAdhava baruA ne apane grantha5 meM kiyA hai / "6 dharmAnanda kosambI prabhRti ne bhI isI prakAra kA Azaya vyakta kiyA hai| lagatA hai, isa dhAraNA ke mUla unnAyaka DA0 harmana jekobI rahe haiM / tadanantara aneka loga isa para likhate hI gye| DA0 bAzama ne apane mahAnibandha AjIvakoM kA itihAsa aura siddhAnta meM isa viSaya para aura bhI vistAra se likhA hai| yaha saba isa manovRtti kA sUcaka hai ki kisI eka pazcimI vidvAn ne likha diyA, to avazya vaha mahattvapUrNa hai hii| yaha suvidita hai ki gozAlaka-sambandhI jo bhI tathya upalabdha haiM, ve jaina aura bauddha paramparA se hI sambaddha haiN| una AdhAroM para hI hama gozAlaka kA samagra jIvana-vRtta nirdhArita karate haiN| jaina aura bauddha 1. The Ajivikas, JDL.. vol., II. 1920, pp. 17-18. 2. bahI, pR018| 3. vahI, pR0 18 / 4. vahI, pR0 21 / 5. Pre-Buddhistic, Indian Philosophy, pp. 297-318. 6. mahAvIra svAmI no saMyama dharma, (sUtrakRtAMga kA gujarAtI anuvAda) pR0 34 / 7. S. B.E., vol. XLV, introduction, pp. XXIX to XXXII. ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] gozAlaka paramparAoM se haTakara yadi hama khojane baiThe, to saMbhavataH hameM gozAlaka nAmaka koI vyakti hI na mile| aisI sthiti meM etadaviSayaka jaina aura bauddha AdhAroM ko bhale hI ve kisI bhAva aura bhASA meM likhe gae hoM, hameM mAnyatA denI hI hotI hai| kucha AdhAroM ko hama sahIM mAna leM aura binA kisI hetu ke hI kucha eka ko asatya mAna leM; yaha aitihAsika paddhati nahIM ho sktii| ve AdhAra nirhetuka isalie bhI nahIM mAne jA sakate ki jaina aura bauddha, do vibhinna paramparAoM ke ullekha isa viSaya meM eka dUsare kA samarthana karate haiN| DA0 jekobI ne bhI to parAmarza diyA hai-"anya pramANoM ke abhAva meM hameM ina kathAoM ke prati sajagatA rakhanI caahie|" tathArUpa nirAdhAra sthApanAeM bahuta bAra isalie bhI Age-se-Age bar3hatI jAtI haiM ki vartamAna gaveSaka mala kI apekSA TahaniyoM kA AdhAra adhika lete haiN| prAkRta va pAli kI anabhyAsa dazA meM ve AgamoM aura tripiTakoM kA sarvAGgINa avalokana nahIM kara pAte aura aMgrejI va hindI prabandhoM ke ekAMgI purAne unake sarvAdhika AdhAra bana jAte haiN| yaha dekhakara to bahuta hI Azcarya hotA hai ki zAstra-sulabha sAmAnya tathyoM ke lie bhI videzI vidvAnoM va unake granthoM ke pramANa die jAte haiN| jaina AgamoM ke etadviSayaka varNanoM ko kevala AkSepAtmaka samajha baiThanA bhUla hai| jaina Agama jahAM gozAlaka va AjIvaka mata kI nimnatA vyakta karate hai, vahAM ve gozAlaka ko acyuta kalpa taka pahuMcAkara, unheM mokSagAmI batalA kara aura unake anuyAyI bhikSuoM ko vahAM taka pahu~cane kI kSamatA pradAna kara unheM gaurava bhI dete haiN| gozAlaka ke viSaya meM-vaha gozAlA meM janmA thA, vaha maMkha thA, vaha AjIvakoM kA nAyaka thA Adi bAtoM ko hama jaina AgamoM ke AdhAra se mAne aura jainAgamoM kI isa bAta ko ki vaha mahAvIra kA ziSya thA; nirAdhAra hI hama yoM kaheM ki vaha mahAvIra kA guru thA, bahuta hI hAsyAspada hogaa| yaha to prazna hI taba paidA hotA, jaba jaina Agama use ziSya batalAte aura bauddha va AjIvika zAstra usake guru hone kA ullekha krte| sthiti to yaha hai ki mahAvIra ke sammukha gozAlaka svayaM svIkAra karate haiM ki "gozAlaka tumhArA ziSya thA, para, maiM vaha nahIM huuN| maiMne to usa mRta gozAlaka ke zarIra meM praveza pAyA hai| yaha zarIra usa gozAlaka kA hai, para, AtmA bhinna hai|" isa prakAra virodhI pramANa ke abhAva meM ye kalpanAtmaka prayoga nitAnta artha zUnya hI Thaharate haiN| yaha prasannatA kI bAta hai ki isa nirAdhAra dhAraNA ke uThate hI aneka gaveSaka vidvAn isakA nirAkaraNa bhI karane lage haiN| AjIvaka abrahmacArI AjIvaka bhikSuoM ke abrahma-sevana kA ullekha ArdrakakumAra prakaraNa meM AyA hai, ise bhI kucha eka loga nitAnta AkSepa mAnate haiN| kevala jaina Agama hI aisA kahate, to yaha 1. ilaid, p. XXXIII. 2. DA0 kAmatAprasAda, vIra; varSa 3, aMka 12-13; cImanalAla jayacanda zAha, uttara hindustAna mAM jaina dharma, pR0 58 se 61, DA0 e0 esa0 gopAnI Ajivika SectA New Interpretation, bhAratIya vidyA, khaNDa 2, pR0 201-10; khaNDa 3, pR047-56| 3. mahAvIra svAmI no saMyama dharma pR0 34 / ____ 2010_05

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40 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 socane kA AdhAra banatA, para, bauddha zAstra bhI AjIvakoM ke abrahma-sevana kI mukta puSTi karate haiN|' niggaNTha brahmacaryavAsa meM aura AjIvaka abrahmacaryavAsa meM ginAe bhI gae haiN| gozAlaka kahate the, tIna avasthAeM hotI haiM-baddha, mukta aura na baddha na mukt| ve svayaM ko mukta-karma-lepa se pare mAnate the| unakA kahanA thA, mukta puruSa strI-sahavAsa kare, to use bhaya nhiiN| ye sAre prasaMga bhale hI unake Alocaka sampradAyoM ke hoM, para, AjIvakoM kI abrahmaviSayaka mAnyatA ko eka gaveSaNIya viSaya avazya banA dete haiN| eka dUsare ke poSaka hokara ye prasaMga apane-Apa meM nirAdhAra nahIM raha jAte / itihAsavid DA0 satyaketu ne gozAlaka ke bhagavAn mahAvIra se hone vAle tIna matabhedoM meM eka strI-sahavAsa batAyA hai| kula milAkara kahA jA sakatA hai, AjIvakoM ko jaina AgamoM kA abrahma ke poSaka batalAnA AkSepa mAtra hI nahIM hai aura koI sampradAya-vizeSa brahmacarya ko siddhAnta rUpa se mAnyatA na de, yaha bhI koI anahonI bAta nahIM hai / bhAratavarSa meM aneka sampradAya rahe haiM, jinake siddhAnta tyAga aura bhoga ke sabhI sambhava vikalpoM ko mAnate rahe haiN| hama abrahma kI mAnyatA para hI AzcaryAnvita kyoM hote haiM ? unhIM dharmanAyakoM meM ajita kesakambalI jaise bhI the, jo Atma-astitva bhI svIkAra nahIM karate the| yaha bhI eka hI prazna hai ki aise loga tapasyA kyoM karate the| astuH navIna sthApanAoM ke pracalana meM aura pracalita sthApanAoM ke nirAkaraNa meM bahuta hI jAgarUkata aura gambhIratA apekSita hai / 1. Ajivakas, vol. I; majjhima nikAya, bhAga 1, pR0 514; Dr. Hoernle, ___Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, p. 261. 2. majjhima nikAya, sandaka sutta, 2-3-6 . 3. gopAladAsa paTela, mahAvIra kathA, pR0 177; zrIcanda rAmapuriyA, tIrthaMkara vardhamAna pR083| 4. bhAratIya saMskRti aura usakA itihAsa, pR0 163 / ____ 2010_05

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kAla-nirNaya manuSya svabhAva se hI jijJAsAzIla prANI hai / jijJAsA se jJAna bar3hatA hai aura jJAna se jijJAsA bar3hatI hai| jJAna aura jijJAsA kA yahI krama jIvana kA niHsIma Ananda hai| jJAna aura jijJAsA kA yahI yugma satya-prApti kA avikala sopAna hai| itihAsa ke prathama dRSTipAta meM bhagavAn mahAvIra va buddha eka pratIta hue' va kucha vidvAnoM ne prathama gaNadhara gautama svAmI ko hI gautama buddha mAnA / 2 jijJAsA ke do DagoM ne spaSTa kara diyA, ve eka hI kAla meM hone 1. S. B. E., vol. XXII, introduction, p. XV. P. According to the Jains, the chief disciple of their Tirthankara Mahavira was called Gautama Swami or Gautama Indrabhuti (Ward, Hindus, p. 247 and Colebrooke's Essays, vol. II, p. 279) whose identity with Gautam Budha was suggested by both Dr. Hamilton and Major Delamaine and was accepted by Colebrooke. This is what Colebrooke says in his Essays, vol. II, p. 276 :-"In the Kalpa Sutra and in other books of the Jains. the first of Mahavira's disciples is mentioned under the name of Indra bhuti, but in the inscriptions under that of Gautam Swami. The names of the other ten precisely agree. Whence it is to be concluded that Gautama, the first one of the first list, is the same with the Indrabhuti, first of the second list. It is certainly probable, as remarked by Dr. Hamilton and Major Delamaine that the Gautama of the Jains and Gautama of Buddhas is the same personage." Two of eleven disciples of Mahavira survived him viz. Sudharma and Gautama. Sudharma's spiritual successors are the Jain priests, whereas the Gautam's followers are the Buddhis. - Manmathnath Shastri, M.A., M. R. A.S., Budha: His Life, His Teachings His Order, 1910 (second edition), pp. 21-22. ___ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 vAle do mahApuruSa the, jo kramaza: 72 va 80 varSa isa gharAtala para vidyamAna rahe / ' jijJAsA kA agalA kadama uThA-unakI samasAmayikatA kitane varSoM kI thI aura unameM vayomAna kI dRSTi se choTe aura bar3e kauna the ? isa ora bhI aneka cintakoM kA dhyAna ba~TA hai aura aba taka aneka mahattvapUrNa prayatna isa dizA meM hue haiM / viSaya bahuta kucha spaSTa huA hai, para, nirvivAda nahIM / AgamoM, tripiTakoM va itihAsa ke paraspara virodhI pratIta hone vAle prasaMgoM ne vicArakoM ko nAnA nirNayoM para pahu~cA diyA hai| pichale prayatnoM kA vargIkaraNa, unakI samIkSA tathA apane svataMtra cintana se prastuta prakaraNa ko eka asaMdigdha sthiti taka pahuMcAnA nitAnta apekSita hai| DA0 jekobI sarvaprathama aura mahattvapUrNa prayatna isa dizA meM DA0 haramana jekobI kA rahA hai| DA. maiksamUlara dvArA sampAdita pUrva ke pavitra grantha (Sacred Books of the East) nAmaka 40 khaNDoM kI suvistata granthamAlA ke antargata khaNDa 22 tathA khaNDa 45 ke anuvAdaka DA0 jekobI rahe haiN| khaNDa 22 meM AcArAMga aura kalpa tathA khaNDa 45 meM uttarAdhyayana va sUtrakRtAMga-ye cAra Agama haiN| DA0 jekobI ne jaina dharma ko aura bhI ullekhanIya sevAyeM dI haiN| 23veM tIrthaGkara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ko aitihAsika puruSoM kI koTi meM lAne kA zreya bhI unako hI hai|2 itihAsa ke kSetra meM jo yaha bhrama thA ki jaina-dharma bauddha-dharma kI hI e zAkhA mAtra hai, usakA nirAkaraNa bhI mukhyataH DA. jekobI ke dvArA hI huA hai| unhoMne jana paramparAoM ke sAkSAt darzana kI dRSTi se do bAra bhAratavarSa kI yAtrAeM bhI kI thiiN| aneka jaina AcAryoM se unakA yahAM sAkSAt samparka huA thaa| DA0 jekobI ne bhagavAn mahAvIra aura buddha ke nirvANa-prasaMga kI mukhyatayA do sthAnoM para cacI kI hai aura ve donoM carcAyeM eka dUsare se sarvathA viparIta haiN| eka samIkSA meM unhoMne bhagavAn mahAvIra ko pUrva-nirvANa-prApta aura bhagavAn buddha ko pazcAt-nirvANa-prApta pramANita kiyA hai, to dUsarI samIkSA meM bhagavAn buddha ko pUrva-nirvANa-prApta aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ko pazcAt-nirvANa-prApta pramANita kiyA hai| 1. kalpasUtra, 147 tathA dIgha nikAya, mahAparinivvANa sutta, 2-3-16 / P. S. B. E., vol. XLV, introduction to Jaina Sutras, vol. II, p. 21, 1894. 3. S. B. E., vol. XXII introduction to Jaina Sutras, vol. I, pp. 9-19 1884. 4. san 1914, mArca meM unakI dUsarI bhArata-yAtrA huI thii| lADanUM meM terApaMtha ke aSTamAcArya zrI kAlagaNI ke sAtha unakA tIna dinoM kA mahattvapUrNa samparka rhaa| 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] prathama samIkSA unakI pahalI samIkSA AcArAMga sUtra kI bhUmikA ( I0 1884 ) meM hai| vahAM ve mahAvIra aura buddha ke jIvana-prasaMgoM kA ullekha karate hue likhate haiM: "yahAM hameM mahAvIra aura buddha ke 'mukhya-mukhya jIvana-saMsmaraNoM ko sAmane lAkara unake antara ko samajhanA hai / buddha kapilavastu meM janme the, mahAvIra vaizAlI ke samIpavartI kisI eka grAma meM / buddha kI mAtA kA buddha ke janma ke bAda dehAnta ho gayA, mahAvIra ke mAtA-pitA mahAvIra kI yuvAvasthA taka jIvita the| buddha apane pitA ke jIvanakAla meM hI aura pitA kI icchA ke viruddha sAdhu bana gae the, mahAvIra apane mAtA-pitA kI mRtyu ke bAda apane bar3oM kI AjJA lekara sAdhu bane the / buddha ne 6 varSa taka tapasyAmaya jIvana bitAyA, mahAvIra ne 12 varSa taka / buddha ne socA ki maiMne itane varSa vyartha gaMvAye aura ye saba tapasyAyeM mere dhyeya kI prApti ke lie nirarthaka nikalIM, mahAvIra ko tapasyA kI AvazyakatA satya lagI aura unhoMne tIrthaGkara banane ke pazcAt bhI unameM se kucha eka ko rakha chodd'aa| maMkhaliputra gozAlaka mahAvIra ke virodhiyoM meM jitanA pramukha hai, utanA buddha ke virodhiyoM meM nahIM hai tathA jamAlI jo ki jainadharma-saMgha meM prathama nihna huA, buddha ke sAtha kahIM nahIM pAyA jAtA / buddha ke sabhI ziSyoM ke nAma mahAvIra ke ziSyoM ke nAma se bhinna haiM / ina asamAnatAoM kI gaNanA ke anta meM, buddha kA nirvANa kAla-nirNaya 2010_05 ?. We shall now put side by side the principal events of Buddha's and Mahavira's lives, in order to demonstrate their difference. Buddha was born in Kapilvastu, Mahavira in village near Vaishali; Buddha's mother died after his birth, Mahavira's parents lived to see him a grown up man; Buddha truned ascetic during the lifetime and against the will of his father, Mahavira did so after the death of his parents and with the consent of those in power; Buddha led a life of austerities for six years, Mahavira for twelve ; Buddha thought these years wasted time, and that all his penances were useless for attaining his end, Mahavira was convinced of the necessity of his penances and preseved in some of then even after becoming a Tirthankara. Amongst Buddha's opponents Gosala Makkhaliputra is by no means so prominent as amongst Mahavira's nor among the former do we neet Jamali who caused the first schism in Jaina Church. All the disciples of Buddha bear other names than those of Mahavira. To finish this enumeration of differences, Buddha died in Kusinagara, whereas Mahavira died in Papa, avowedly before the former. --S. B. E., vol. XXII, introduction, pp. XXVII-XXVIII 43

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44 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa : 1 kuzInagara meM huA jabaki mahAvIra kA nirvANa pAvA meM aura vaha bhI nizcita rUpa se buddha ke nirvANa se pUrva / " DA0 jekobI ne yahAM jarA bhI spaSTa nahIM kiyA hai ki unakI yaha dhAraNA kina pramANoM para AdhArita hai aura na unhoMne yahA~ yaha bhI samIkSA kI hai ki mahAvIra aura buddha ke janma aura nirvANa kaba hue the / ataH ukta vivaraNa se yaha patA lagAnA kaThina hotA hai ki unakI isa dhAraNA se mahAvIra aura buddha kI samasAmayikatA kitanI thii| mahAvIra kA nirvANa-kAla unake dvArA anUdita jaina sUtroM ke donoM khaNDoM kI bhUmikAoM ke avAntara prasaMgoM se yaha bhI bhalI-bhAMti pramANita hotA hai ki unhoMne bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirvANa I0 pU0 526 meM mAnA thaa| ve likhate haiM : "jainoM kI yaha sarvasammata mAnyatA hai ki jaina sUtroM kI vAcanA vallabhI meM devaddhi (kSamA-zramaNa) ke tattvAvadhAna meM huI / isa ghaTanA kA samaya vIranirvANa se 680 (yA 663) varSa bAda kA hai, arthAt 454 (yA 467) IsvI kA hai ; jaisA ki kalpasUtra (gAthA 148) meM hI batAyA gayA hai|" isa uddharaNa se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki DA. jekobI ne vAra-navANa kA samaya I0 pU0 526 kA mAnA hai, kyoMki 526 meM 454 aura 468 jor3ane para hI kramazaH 980 aura 963 varSa hote haiM / unake dvArA anUdita dUsare khaNDa kI bhUmikA meM jo ki pahale khaNTha kI bhUmikA se dasa varSa bAda (I0 1894) likhI gaI hai, unhoMne isI tathya ko prasaMgopAtta phira doharAyA hai / 2 usI bhUmikA meM eka prasaMga aura milatA hai, jo ki I0 pU0 526 kI nirvivAda puSTi karatA hai / ve likhate haiM : "kauzika gotrI chaluya rohagutta ne, jo ki jaina-dharma kA chaThA nihnava thA, vIra-nirvANa ke 544 varSa bAda arthAt I0 18 meM trairAzika mata kI sthApanA kii|" yahAM para bhI 544 meM se 526 bAda dene para hI I0 san 18 kA samaya AtA hai / 2. The redaction of the Jaina's canon or the siddhanta took place according to the unanimons tradition, in the council of Vallabhi, under the presidency of DEVARDDHI. The date of this event 980 (or 993) A.V., corresponding to 454 (or 467) A. D. incorpcrated in the Kalpasutra (148)... --S, B. E., vol. XXII, introduction, p. XXXVII, 2. S. B. E., vol. XLV, introduction, p. XL. 3. Khaluya Rohagutta of the Kausika Gotra, with whom origina. ted the sixth Schism of the Jainas, the Trairasikamatam in 544. A.V. (18 A.D.) -S.B.E. vol. XLV, introduction, p. XXXVII. ___ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA kAla-nirNaya buddha kA nirvANa-kAla isI prakAra buddha ke viSaya meM bhI DA0 jekobI ne apanI ina bhUmikAoM meM janma aura nirvANa ke sambandha meM koI spaSTa kAla vyakta nahIM kiyA hai| parantu unhIM bhUmikAoM meM anya prasaMgoM se jo kucha unhoMne likhA hai, unase unakI buddha ke janma aura nirvANa-kAla-sambandhI dhAraNA bhI vyakta ho jAtI hai / jaise ki ve maiksa mUlara kA uddharaNa dete hue likhate haiM; "bauddha zAstroM ke likhe jAne kI antima tithi I0pU0 377 thIM, jisa samaya ki bauddhoM kI dUsarI saMgIti huI thii|" yaha sarva-sammata dhAraNA hai ki yaha saMgIti buddha nirvANa ke 100 varSa bAda vaizAlI meM huI thii| phalita yaha hotA hai ki buddha-nirvANa kA samaya I0 pU0 477 ThaharatA hai| mahAvIra aura buddha kI nirmANa-tithi DA. jekobI usa samaya kI dhAraNA ke anusAra yadi ye hI rahI hoM, to mahAvIra buddha se 41 varSa jyeSTha ho jAte haiM / DA0 jekobI kI dUsarI samIkSA DA0 jekobI kI etadviSayaka carcA kA dUsarA sthala 'buddha aura mahAvIra kA nirvANa' nAmaka unakA lekha hai| yaha lekha unhoMne jarmanI kI eka zodha-patrikA ke 26veM bhAga meM san 1930 meM likhA thaa| isa lekha kA gujarAtI anuvAda bhAratIya vidyA nAmaka zodha patrikA ke san 1944, varSa 3, aMka 1, julAI meM prakAzita huA thA aura usakA hindI anuvAda zrI kastUramala bAMThiyA dvArA saMgrahIta hokara zramaNa ke san 1962, varSa 13, aMka 6-7 meM prakAzita huA thaa| DA0 jekobI ke isa lekha kA niSkarSa hai ki buddha kA nirvANa I0 pU0 484 meM huA thA tathA mahAvIra kA nirvANa I0 pU0 477 meM huA thaa| tAtparya, mahAvIra buddha se 7 varSa bAda nirvANa ko prApta hue aura Ayu meM unase 15 varSa choTe the| $. The latest date of a Buddhist canon is the time of the second council 377 B. C. S. B. E., vol. X, p. XXXII, in S. B. E. vol. XXII, p. XLII. 2. dekheM-vinayapiTaka, cullavagga, 12 : 1-6; rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, buddhacaryA pR0 556, H. C. Raychaudhuri, Political History of Ancient India, Sixth Edition. 1953, p. 228;Ajakala kA vASika aMka "bauddha dharma ke 2500 varSa meM cAra bauddha pariSadeM" nAmaka bhikSu jinAnda kA lekha, pR0 30 / bhagavAn mahAvIra bhagavAn buddha nirvANa I0 pU0 526 / nirvANa I0pU0477 Ayu 72 vrss| Ayu 80 vrss| ata: janma I0 pU0 568 / ataH janma I0 pU0 557 // isa prakAra 568-557 = 41 varSa / 4. zramaNa, varSa 13, aMka 6, pRSTha 10 / 3 2010_05

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46 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 antima lekha zrI kastUramala bAMThiyA ke kathanAnusAra DA0 jekobI kA yaha antima lekha hai aura isameM etadviSayaka apanI parivartita dhAraNA unhoMne vyakti kI hai| Azcarya yaha ki DA0 jekobI ne 'buddha aura mahAvIra kA nirvANa' isa suvistRta lekha meM yaha kahIM bhI carcA nahIM kI ki unakA etadviSayaka abhimata pahale yaha thA aura aba yaha hai tathA vaha ina kAraNoM se parivartita huA hai| unhoMne to kevala apane lekha ke prAramma meM kahA hai : "eka pakSa yaha kahatA hai, paramparA se calI A rahI aura pramANoM dvArA prasthApita itihAsa kI dhAraNA ke anusAra gautama buddha mahAvIra se kitane hI varSa pUrva nirvANa-prApta ho gae the| dUsarA pakSa yaha kahatA hai, bauddha zAstroM meM jo ullekha milate haiM, unase yaha jAnA jAtA hai ki mahAvIra buddha se thor3e hI samaya pUrva kadAcit nirvANa-prApta hue the| isa pratyakSa dIkhane vAle virodha meM satya kyA hai, isI zodha ke lie yaha lekha likhA jA rahA hai|"2 yahAM yaha dhyAna dene kI bAta hai ki apane prAktana mata ko apane anUdita grantha kI bhUmikAoM meM ve likha cuke the aura unake sAmane ve prakAzita hokara bhI A gaI thIM; phira bhI prastuta nibandha meM ve apanI usa abhivyakti kA sollekha nirAkaraNa nahIM karate; yaha kyoM ? ho sakatA hai, kinhIM paristhitiyoM meM aisA ho gayA ho| yahAM hameM usakI chAnabIna meM nahIM jAnA hai| yahAM to hameM yahI dekhanA hai ki unhoMne apane isa abhinava mata ko kina AdhAroM para susthira kiyA hai tathA ve AdhAra kahAM taka yathArtha haiN| DA0 jekobI eka gambhIra samIkSaka the, isameM koI sandeha nhiiN| kisI bhI tathya ko nAnA kasauTiyoM para kasate rahanA to kisI bhI satya-mImAMsaka kA apanA kArya hai hii| DA0 jekobI ke lekha kA sAra ukta lekha ko AdyopAMta par3ha jAne se spaSTa lagane lagatA hai ki yaha lekha kevala buddha aura mahAvIra kI nirvANa-tithiyoM ke sambandha se hI nahIM likhA gyaa| lekha kA eka pramukha dhyeya tAtkAlika rAjanaitika sthitiyoM para bhI prakAza DAlanA hai| unake mUla lekha kA zIrSaka 'buddha aura mahAvIra kA nirvANa evaM unake samaya kI magadha kI rAjakIya sthiti' bhI yahI saMketa karatA hai| nirvANa-tithiyoM ke sambandha meM jitanA unhoMne likhA hai, vaha bhI viSaya ko nirNAyaka sthiti taka pahu~cAne ke lie aparyApta hI nahIM, kucha asvAbhAvika bhI hai| DA0 jekobI kA buddha ko bar3e aura mahAvIra ko choTe mAnane meM pramukha pramANa yaha hai ki ceTaka, koNika (ajAtazatru) Adi kA yuddha-sambandhI vivaraNa jitanA bauddha-zAstroM meM milatA hai, jaina-AgamoM meM usase Age kA bhI milatA hai / bauddha-zAstroM meM ajAtazatru kA amAtya vassakAra buddha ke pAsa vajjiyoM ke viSaya kI yojanA hI prastuta karatA hai, to jaina-AgamoM meM ceTaka aura koNika ke mahAzilAkaMTaka aura rathamuzalasaMgrAma va vaizAlI-prAkAra-bhaMga taka kA spaSTa vivaraNa 1. zramaNa, varSa 13, aMka 6, pR0 6 ; zrI bAMThiyA dvArA likhita-lekha kI pUrva piitthikaa| 2. zramaNa, varSa 13, aMka 6, pRSTha 6, 10 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] kAla-nirNaya 47 milatA hai| unakA kahanA hai : -"isase yahI pramANita hotA hai ki mahAvIra buddha ke bAda kitane hI ( sambhavata: 7 varSa) adhika varSa jIvita rahe / " " -: zAstra saMgrAhakoM ne tAtkAlika sthitiyoM kA kitanA-kitanA aMza zAstroM meM saMgRhIta kiyA, yaha usake cunAva aura unakI apekSAoM para AdhArita thA / yadi aisA huA bhI ho ki bauddha saMgrAhakoM kI apekSA jaina saMgrAhakoM ne kucha adhika yA paripUrNa saMkalana kiyA ho, to bhI isa bAta kA pramANa nahIM bana jAtA ki mahAvIra buddha ke bAda bhI kucha varSa taka jIvita rahe the, isIlie aisA huA hai / DA0 jekobI ke matAnusAra yadi jaina Azrama koNika-sambandhI vivaraNoM para adhika prakAza DAlate haiM, to usakA yaha svAbhAvika aura saMgata kAraNa hai ki koNika jaina-dharma kA variSTha anuyAyI rahA hai / ' DA0 jekobI ne to arthAntara se hI anumAna bAMdhA hai, jaba ki bauddha zAstroM meM 'buddha se pUrva mahAvIra kA nirvANa huA' aise aneka spaSTa aura jvalanta ullekha milate haiM aura jaina AgamoM meM buddha kI mRtyu kA kahIM nAmollekha hI nahIM miltaa| aisI paristhiti meM svAbhAvika niSkarSa to yaha hotA hai ki jaina zAstra buddha kI mRtyu ke sambandha meM koI ullekha nahIM dete aura bauddha zAstroM meM 'bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mRtyu bhagavAn buddha kI mRtyu se pUrva huI', aisA spaSTa ullekha dete haiM, to mahAvIra pUrva-nirvANa prApta aura buddha pazcAt nirvANa prApta the / DA0 jekobI ke lekha meM sabase lacIlI bAta to yaha hai ki unhoMne apane durAnvayo artha ko susthira rakhane ke lie mahAvIra ke pUrva nirvANa sambandhI bauddha zAstroM meM milane vAle tIna prakaraNoM ko ayathArtha pramANita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| unakA kahanA hai - ye prakaraNa bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra se milate haiM; ataH ye ayathArtha haiM / sAtha-sAtha ve yaha bhI kahate haiM--ina tInoM prakaraNoM ke bhinna hote hue bhI tInoM kA uddezya to eka hI hai ki mahAvIra se nirvANa-prasaMga ko lakSya kara apane bhikSu saMgha ko ekatA aura prema kA saMdeza denA / dhyAna dene kI bAta yaha hai ki ukta tInoM prakaraNoM kI bhUmikA yatkiMcit bhinna bhale hI ho, para mahAvIra - nirvANa ke viSaya meM tInoM hI prakaraNa sarvathA eka hI bAta kahate haiM / bhUmikAeM zAstra saMgrAhaka kisI bhI zailI se gar3ha sakate haiM, para jIvita mahAvIra ko bhI ve nirvANa prApta mahAvIra kaha sakate haiM, yaha socanA sarvathA asaMgata hogA / mahAvIra kA nirvANa kisa pAvA meM ? DA0 jekobI ne isa sambandha meM eka anya tarka bhI upasthita kiyA hai ki bauddha zAstroM mahAvIra kA nirvANa jisa pAvA meM kahA hai, vaha pAvA zAkya bhUmi meM thI aura vahA~ buddha ne apane antima dinoM meM pravAsa kiyA thA ; jaba ki jainoM kI pAramparika mAnyatA ke anusAra 1. zravaNa, varSa 13, aMka 7 pR0 35 / 2. vistAra ke lie dekheM, 'anuyAyI rAjA' prakaraNa ke antargata, 'ajAtazatru kUNika / ' 3. ina tInoM prakaraNoM kI vistRta samIkSA ke lie dekheM, isI prakaraNa ke antargata 'nirvANa prasaMga' | 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 mahAvIra kA nirvANa paTanA jile ke antargata rAjagRha ke samIpastha pAvA meM huA thA / ataH jisa prakAra pAvA kAlpanika hai, usI taraha mahAvIra ke nirvANa kI bAta bhI kAlpanika ho sakatI hai / DA0 jekobI kA yaha bhI kahanA hai : "mahAvIra ke mRtyu-sthAna-viSayaka jainoM kI paramparA ke viSaya meM zaMkA karanA ucita nahIM hai / " 48 bauddhoM ne jisa pAvA kA ullekha kiyA hai, mAna leM ki nAma-sAmya ke kAraNa unhoMne vaha bhUla kara dI / aisI bhUloM kA honA asambhava nahIM hai / para isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM hotA ki nirvANa kI bAta hI sArI managar3haMta hai / vastusthiti to yaha hai ki DA0 jekobI ne jaina paraMmparA meM mAnya jisa pAvA ke viSaya meM zaMkA upasthita karane kI bhI varjanA kI hai, aitihAsika AdhAroM para vaha zaMkAspada hI nahIM, nirAdhAra hI bana jAne lagI hai / paramparA aura itihAsa meM bahughA AkAza-pAtAla kA antara par3a jAtA hai| mahAvIra kA janma-sthAna bhI paramparAgata rUpa se lichUyAr3a ke nikaTastha kSatriyakuNDa mAnA jAtA hai / para vartamAna itihAsa kI zodha ne use nitAnta apramANita kara diyA hai| aitihAsika dhAraNA ke anusAra to mahAvIra kA janma sthAna paTanA se 27 mIla uttara meM mujaphpharapura jile kA basAr3ha hI kSatriyakuNDapura hai / isa prakAra paramparAgata sthAna gaMgA se sudUra dakSiNa kI ora hai, jabaki itihAsa - sammata sthAna gaMgA ke uttarI aMcala meM hai / pAvA ke sambandha meM bhI lagabhaga yahI bAta hai / paramparA sammata pAvA dakSiNa bihAra meM hai aura vahA~ ke bhavya mandiroM ne use eka jaina tIrtha banA diyA hai| itihAsa isa bAta meM sammata nahIM hai ki vaha pAvA yahAM ho / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa-avasara para malloM aura licchaviyoM ke aThAraha gaNa rAjA upasthita the / ' aisA uttarI bihAra meM sthita pAvA meM adhika sambhava ho sakatA hai; kyoMki udhara hI una logoM kA rAjya thA / dakSiNa bihAra kI pAvA to nitAnta unake zatru- pradeza meM thI / apane jvalanta zatru mAgadhoM ke pradeza meM ve kaise upasthita ho sakate the ? paM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana bhI isa tathya kI puSTi karate haiN| unakA kahanA hai- bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirvANa vastuta: gaMgA ke uttarI aMcala meM AI huI pAvA meM hI huA thA, jo ki vartamAna meM gorakhapura jile ke antargata 'papahura' nAmaka grAma hai / jaina logoM ne prAcIna paramparA ko bhUlakara paTanA jilA antargata pAvA ko apanA liyA hai / aura bhI anekoM isa dhAraNA se itihAsajJa sahamata haiM 13 tAtparya huA, DA0 jekobI jisa pAvA ke AdhAra para nirvANa sambandhI prakaraNoM ko ayayArtha mAnate haiM, vahI pAvA itihAsa sammata hokara una nirvANa sambandhI prakaraNoM kI satyatA ko aura puSTa kara detI hai / tAtkAlika sthitiyoM ke sambandha meM Agama-tripiTaka DA0 jekobI kA yaha kathana bhI pUrNa yathArtha nahIM hai ki jaina Agama tripiTakoM kI apekSA tAtkAlika sthitiyoM kA adhika vivaraNa prastuta karate haiM / unhoMne isa abhimata kI puSTi ke 1. kalpasUtra, 128 / 2. darzana digdarzana, pR0 444, Ti0 3 / 3. zrI nAthUrAma premI ne bhI aisI hI sambhAvanA vyakta kI hai| dekheM, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pU0 186 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA kAla-nirNaya 46 lie apane lekha meM jo-jo prasaMga prastuta kie haiM, ve bhI to sabake saba Agamokta nahIM haiN| mahAzilAkaMTaka saMgrAma aura rathamuzala saMgrAma ke bAda 'vaizAlI kI vijaya" kA jo prakaraNa hai, jisameM kUlavAlaya bhikSu vaizAlI-prAkAra-maMga kA nimitta banatA hai ; vaha sArA varNana DA0 jekobI ne bhI svayaM Avazyaka kathA se uddhRta kiyA hai / Agama aura tripiTaka maulika zAstra haiN| ina donoM meM to tAtkAlika vivaraNoM kA koI bahuta bar3A antara nahIM pAyA jA rahA hai| itara granthoM meM jaise jaina paramparA meM aneka vivaraNa upalabdha hote haiM, vaise bauddha paramparA ke mahAvaMza Adi granthoM meM bhI to hote haiN| mahAvaMza' meM to azoka taka ke rAjAoM kA kAla-krama diyA jAtA hai| itane mAtra kA artha yaha thor3e hI ho jAtA hai ki buddha mahAvIra ke pazcAt nirvANa-prApta hue the| mahAvIra kI nirvANa-tithi DA0 jekobI ne mahAvIra kA nirvANa I0pU0 477 aura buddha kA nirvANa I0 pU0 484 mAnA hai / para unhoMne apane sAre lekha meM yaha batalAne kA vizeSa prayatna nahIM kiyA ki ye hI tithiyAM mAnI jAyeM, aisI anivAryatA kyoM paidA huI ? kevala unhoMne batAyA hai : 'jainoM kI sarvamAnya paramparA ke anusAra candragupta kA rAjyAbhiSeka mahAvIra kI mRtyu ke 215 varSa bAda huA thaa| parantu hemacandra ke mata (pariziSTa parva, 8-336) ke anusAra yaha rAjyAbhiSeka mahAvIra-nirvANa 155 varSa bAda huaa|" isI bAta ko unhoMne bhadrezvara ke kahAvalI nAmaka grantha se puSTa kiyA hai| parantu vastusthiti yaha hai-jaise jekobI ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai, sarvamAnya paramparA ke anusAra to candragupta kA rAjyAbhiSeka mahAvIra-nirvANa ke 215 varSa bAda hI mAnA jAtA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne usa prasaMga ko mahAvIra-nirvANa ke 155 varSa bAda mAnA hai| kintu yaha bAta itihAsa kI kasauTI para Tikane vAlI nahIM hai| vidvAnoM ne ise hemacandrAcArya kI bhUla hI mAnA hai| isa viSaya meM sarvAdhika puSTa dhAraNA yaha hai ki mahAvIra jisa dina nirvANa-prApta hote haiM, usI dina ujjainI meM pAlaka rAjA rAjagaddI para baiThatA hai| usakA yA usake vaMza kA 60 varSa taka rAjya calatA hai / usake bAda 15.5 varSa taka nandoM kA rAjya rahatA hai| tatpazcAt maurya-rAjya kA prArambha hotA hai / arthAt mahAvIra 1. zramaNa, varSa 13, aMka 7-8, pR0 34 / 2. mahAvaMza, pariccheda 4, 5 / 3. zramaNa, varSa 13, aMka 6, pR0 10 / 4. evaM ca zrImahAvIramuktervarSate gate / paMca paMcAzadadhike candragupto bhavennRpaH // --pariziSTa parva, sarga 8, zloka 336 / 5. jaM rayaNi siddhigao arahA titthaMkaro mhaaviiro| taM rayaNimavaMtie, abhisitto pAlo rAyA // pAlagaraNNo saTThI, paNa paNasayaM viyANi gaMdANam / muriyANaM saTThisayaM tIsA puNa pUsamittANaM / -titthogAlI painnaya 620.21 // 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 ' nirvANa ke 215 varSa bAda candragupta maurya gaddI para baiThatA hai| yaha prakaraNa tityo gAlI painnaya kA hai, jo ki pariziSTa parva tathA bhadrezvara kI kahAvalI ; ina donoM granthoM se bahuta hI prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai / 50 lagatA hai, hemacandrAcArya ke pariziSTa parva kI gaNanA meM pAlaka rAjya ke 60 varSa chUTa hI gae haiN| zrI pUrNacandra nAhara tathA zrI kRSNacandra ghoSa likhate haiM: "mahAvIra ke bAda pAlaka rAjA ne 60 varSa rAjya kiyA thA / lagatA hai, asAvadhAnI se hemacandrAcArya usa avadhi ko jor3anA bhUla gae / 2 7 DA0 jekobI ne pariziSTa parva kA sampAdana kiyA hai| unhoMne bhI apanI bhUmikA meM batAyA hai ki yaha racanA hemacandrAcArya ne bahuta hI zIghratA meM kI hai tathA isameM aneka sthAnoM para asAvadhAnI rahI hai / usa bhUmikA meM jekobI ne isa viSaya para vistRta rUpa se likhate hue sAhitya aura vyAkaraNa kI nAnA bhUleM sapramANa uddhRta kI haiN| bahuta sambhava hai, jisa kathana ( zloka 339 ) ke AdhAra para jekobI ne mahAvIra - nirvANa ke samaya ko nizcita kiyA hai, usameM bhI vaisI hI asAvadhAnI rahI ho / hemacandrAcArya ne svayaM apane samakAlIna rAjA kumArapAla kA kAla batAte samaya mahAvIra nirvANa kA jo samaya mAnA hai, I0 pU0 527 kA hI hai; na ki I0 pU0 477 kA / hemacandrAcArya likhate haiM* : "jaba bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa se solaha sau unahattara varSa bIteMge, taba caulukya kula meM candramA ke samAna rAjA kumArapAla hogA / " aba yaha nirvivAdatayA mAnA jAtA hai ki rAjA kumArapAla I0 san 1943 meM huA / hemacandrAcArya ke kathana se yaha kAla mahAvIra - nirvANa 1666 varSa kA hai / isa prakAra hemacandracArya ne bhI mahAvIra - nirvANakAla 1666-1142 I0 pU0 527 hI mAnA hai / buddha kI nirvANa tithi Astro kobI ne buddha kA nirvANa I0 pU0 484 meM mAnA hai / usakA AdhAra unhoMne yaha batAyA hai : "dakSiNa ke bauddha kahate haiM, candragupta kA rAjyAbhiSeka buddha-nirvANa ke 162 varSa 1. vistAra ke lie dekheM ; 'kAla gaNanA' prakaraNa / 3. Hemchandra must have omitted by oversight to count the period of 60 years of king Palaka after Mahavira. -- Epition of Jainism, Appendix A, p. IV. 3. eziyATika sosAiTI, kalakattA dvArA prakAzita / 4. asminnirvANato varSazatyA ( tA ) nyabhaya SoDaza / navaSaSTizca yAsyanti yadA tatra pure tadA // kumArapAla bhUpAlo, caulukyakulacandramAH / bhaviSyati mahAbAhuH, pracaNDAkhaNDa zAsanaH // -- triSaSTizalAkA puruSacaritram, parva 10, sarga 12, zlo0 45-46 / 5. R. C. Majumdar, H. C. Raychoudhary, K. K. Dutta, An Advaoced History of India, p. 202. 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pazcAt huA aura candragupta ke rAjyArohaNa kA sarvasammata samaya I0 pU0 322 hai; ataH buddha nirvANa I0 pU0 484 ThaharatA hai|" DA0 jekobI ne dakSiNa ke bauddhoM kI paramparA kA ullekha kara candragupta ke rAjyArohaNa kA jo tathya pakar3A hai, vaha mahAvaMza kA hai| usI mahAvaMza meM eka ora jahAM yaha kahA gayA hai ki candragupta kA rAjyArohaNa buddha-nirvANa ke 162 varSa bAda huA, vahAM usI grantha kA eka 1. ajAtasattuputto taM, dhAtetvAdAya bhaddako / rajjaM solasavassAni, kAresi mitta dubbhiko // 1 // udayabhaddaputto taM, ghAtetvA anuruddhako / anuruddhassa putto taM, ghAtetvA muNDanAmako / / 2 / / mittaduno dummatino, te pi rajjaM akArayu / tesaM ubhinnaM rajjesu, aTThavassAnatikkamu // 3 / / muNDa ssa putto pitaraM, ghAtetvA naagdaasko| catuvIsati vassAni, rajjaM kAresi paapko||4|| pitu ghAtakavaMsoyaM, iti kuddhAtha naagraa| nAgadAsakarAjAnaM apanetvA samAgatA // 1 // susunAgoti paJAtaM, amaccaM sAdhu saMmataM / rajje samabhisivimaM sabbesi hitamAnasA / / 6 / / so aTThArasa vassAni, rAjA rajajaM akArayi / kAlAsoko tassa putto, aTThavIsati kArayi / / 7 / / atIte dasame vasse, kAlasokassa raajino| saMbuddha parinivvANA, evaM vassasataM ahu // 8 // -mahAvaMza, pariccheda 4 / kAlAsokassa puttA tu, ahesuM dasa bhaatukaa| dvAvIsati te vassAni, rajjaM samanusAsitUM // 14 // nava naMdAtato Asu, kemeneva nraadhipaa| te pi dvAvIsavara sAni, rajjaM samanusAsisu // 15 // moriNiyANaM khattiyANaM vaMse jAtaM sirIdharaM / caMdaguttoti paJjAtaM, cANakko brAhmaNo ttto||16|| navamaM dhananaMdaM taM, ghAtetvA caMDa kodhavA / sakale jaMbudIpaMsmi, rajje srmaamsinycso||17|| -mahAvaMza, pariccheda 5 / ___ 2010_05

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52 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 anya ullekha yaha hai ki buddha kA nirvANa I0 pU0 543 meM huA, jise DA0 jekobI ne bhI apane lekha meM buddha-nirvANa kA prasiddha paramparA-mAnya samaya kahA hai| aba yadi mahAvaMza meM buddha nirvANa kA samaya 543 I0 pU0 mAnakara usake 162 varSa pazcAt candragupta kA rAjyArohaNa mAnA hai, to candragupta ke rAjyArohaNa kA samaya I0 pU0 381 kA AtA hai| para isakI candragupta ke rAjyArohaNa kI jo sarvasammata aitihAsika tithi (I0pU0 322) hai, usake sAtha koI saMgati nahIM baiThatI / ataH yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki mahAvaMza ke isa saMdigdha pramANa ko mAnakara DA0 jekobI ne buddha-nirvANa kA jo samaya mAnA hai, vaha saMgata nahIM hai|' asaMgatiyAM DA0 jekobI dvArA nirNIta bhagavAna mahAvIra aura buddha kI nirvANa-tithiyoM ko mAnakara calane meM kucha anya asaMgatiyAM bhI paidA hotI haiN| bhagavatI meM gozAlaka ne apanI antima avasthA meM ATha caramoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai, unameM eka carama mahAzilAkaMTaka yuddha bhI hai| isase vidita hotA hai ki gozAlaka kA nidhana mahAzilAkaMTaka yuddha ke bAda huA / gozAlaka kI mRtyu ke 7 dina pUrva bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM ; "maiM aba se 16 varSa taka gandhahastI kI taraha nirbAdha rUpa se jiiuuNgaa|"5 tAtparya yaha hotA hai ki koNika ke rAjyArohaNa ke turanta bAda hI yadi mahAzilAkaMTaka yuddha huA ho, to bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra 1. The event happenned in 514 B. C. according to a Ceylonese Reckoning. -H. C. Raychoudhuri, political Hisory of Ancient India p. 225. silonI gAthA mahAvaMza ke anusAra gautamabuddha kA nirvANa I0 pU0 544 meM huaa| -pro0 zrI netra pANDeya, bhArata kA bRhat itihAsa, prathama bhAga, prAcIna bhArata, caturtha saMskaraNa, pR0 243 / 2. zramaNa, varSa 12, aMka 6, pR0 10 / 3. sAmAnya rUpa se bhI mahAvaMza kI rAjyatva-kAla-gaNanA aitihAsika kasauTI para bhUla bharI pramANita hotI hai, jisakI vizeSa carcA prastuta prakaraNa ke 'kAla-gaNanA' zIrSaka ke antargata kI gaI hai| 4. tassaviNa majjassa pacchANaTThAe imAiM aTTha caramAiM paNNavei, taMjahA carime pANe, carime geye, carime NaTTe, carime aMjalikamme, carime pokkhalassa saMvaTTae mahAmehe, carime seyaNae gaMdhahatthi, carime rahAsilAkaMTae sNgaame| -bhagavatI, zataka 15 / 5. taeNaM samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre gosAlaM maMkhalIputtaM evaM vayAsI "No khalu ahaM / gosAlA tava taveNa teeNaM aNAiTThe samANe aMto chaNhaM mAsANaM jAvakAlaM kariSsAmi / ahaNa aNNAI solasavAsAiM jiNe suhatthI viharissAmi / " -bhagavatI, zataka 15 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] kAla-nirNaya 53 aura koNika ke rAjyArohaNa ke bIca kama-se-kama 17 varSa kA antara par3atA hai / kintu kobI dvArA abhimata tithiyoM ke anusAra to vaha antara 25 varSa se adhika ho hI nahIM sakatA / dUsarI asaMgati yaha hai-- zreNika bhagavAn mahAvIra se prazna pUchatA hai : "bhagavan ! antima kevalI kauna hogA ? bhagavAn uttara dete haiM- "Aja se sAtaveM dina RSabhadatta bhAryA ke udara meM vidyunmAlI deva AyegA aura vaha Age cala kara jambU nAmaka antima kevalI hogA / "" jambUsvAmI kI sarva Ayu 80 varSa kI thI / 3 16 varSa ve gRhasthAvAsa meM rahe / mahAvIra nirvANa ke anantara sudharmA svAmI ke hAthoM unakI dIkSA hotI hai / * isase rAjA zreNika kA rAjyAnta aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa meM lagabhaga sataraha varSa kA antara AtA hai / DA0 kobI dvArA zreNika - rAjyAnta (koNika kA rAjyArohaNa) aura mahAvIra ke nirvANa meM 15 varSa se adhika antara nahIM A pAtA / isa prakAra ina tithiyoM ko mAna lene meM aneka ApattiyAM haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirvANa I0 pU0 527 meM huA, yaha mAnyatA lagabhaga nirvikalpa aura nirvirodha thI / buddha-nirvANa kA itanA asaMdigdha kAla koI bhI nahI mAnA gayA thA / 1. DA0 jekobI ne koNika ke rAjyArohaNa ke 8veM varSa meM buddha kA nirvANa mAnA hai (zramaNa, varSa 13, aMka 7, pR0 26) tathA mahAvIra kA nirvANa buddha se 7 varSa bAda mAnA hai / 2. punarvijJapayAmAsa jinendra magadhAdhipaH / bhagavankevalajJAnaM kasminvyucchedameSyati // 262 // nAtho'ppakathayatpazya vidyunmAlI surohyasau / sAmAniko brahmandrasya caturdevI samAvRtaH // 263 // ahvo'muSmAtsaptame'hni cyutvAbhAvI pure tava / zreSThi RSabhadattasya jambuH putro'ntyakevalI // 264 // pariziSTa parva, sarga 1 3. ve 16 varSa gRhasthAvAsa meM, 20 varSa chadyastha-sAdhu-avasthA tathA 44 varSa kevalI - avasthA meM rahe / unakA nirvANa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 64 varSa bAda huA thA; ataH unakI dIkSA mahAvIra - nirvANa ke bAda usI varSa meM huI, jisa varSa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirvANa huA / 4. sudharma svAminaH pAdAnApAdambhoSitArakAn / paJcAGgaspRSTa bhUpIThaH sa praNamya vyajijJapat // 287 // saMsArasAgaratarI pravrajyAM paramezvara / mama sasvajanasyApi dehi dhehi kRpAM mayi // 288 // paJcamaH zrIgaNadharo 'pyevamabhyathitastadA / tasmai saparivArAya dadau dIkSAM yathAvidhi // 286 // pariziSTa parva, sarga 3 2010_05

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54 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 buddha-nirvANa ke sambandha meM dazoM mata bahuta prAcIna kAla meM bhI pracalita the aura aba bhI haiN|' DA0 jekobI ne apane isa lekha ke pratipAdana meM buddha ke nirvANa-kAla (I0 pU0 484) ko nirvikalpa aura satya jaisA mAna liyA aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana-prasaMgoM ko khIMcatAna kara usake sAtha saMgata karane kA prayatna kiyaa| aisA karake DA0 jekobI ne mahAvIra aura buddha kI samasAmayikatA meM eka nayA bhUcAla khar3A kara diyA / DA0 jekobI kI ve dhAraNAeM kAlamAna kI dRSTi se lagabhaga 32 varSa purAnI bhI ho cukI haiN| isa avadhi meM itihAsa bahuta kucha nae prakAra se bhI spaSTa huA hai| aisI sthiti meM DA0 jaikobI ke nirNayoM ko hI antima rUpa se mAna lenA jarA bhI yathArtha nahIM hai| paM0 sukhalAlajI va anya vidvAn DA0 jekobI ke isa mata ko vartamAna ke kucha vicArakoM ne bhI mAnyatA dI hai| paM0 sukhalAla jI kA kahanA hai : "pro0 jekobI ne bauddha aura jaina granthoM kI aitihAsika dRSTi se tulanA karake antima niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki mahAvIra kA nirvANa buddha-nirvANa ke pIche hI amuke samaya ke bAda hI huA hai| jekobI ne apanI gaharI chAnabIna se yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki vajji-licchiviyoM kA koNika ke sAtha jo yuddha huA thA, vaha buddha-nirvANa ke bAda aura mahAvIra ke jIvana-kAla meM hI huaa| vajji-licchivI-gaNa kA varNana to bauddha aura jaina donoM granthoM meM AtA hai, para inake yuddha kA varNana bauddha granthoM meM nahIM AtA hai, jabaki jaina granthoM meM AtA hai|"2 __ lagatA hai, paM0 sukhalAlajI ne DA0 jekobI ke mantavyoM ko jyoM-kA-tyoM mAnA hai| ve svatantra rUpa se isa viSaya kI taha meM nahIM gaye haiM / bahuta bAra hama sabhI aisA karate haiM / jo viSaya hamArA nahIM hai yA kisI viSaya kI taha meM jAne kA hameM avasara nahIM milA hai, to kisI bhI vidvAn kA usa viSaya para likhA gayA lekha hamArI mAnyatA pA letA hai / yaha asvAbhAvika jaisA bhI nahIM hai| aneka viSaya aneka jana-sAdhya hI hote haiM aura mAnyatAoM kA pArasparika vinimaya hotA hai|| paNDitajI ne yahAM jekobI kI do bAtoM kA mahattva diyA hai| eka to yaha hai-vajjiyoM aura koNika ke yuddha kA varNana bauddha zAstroM meM nahIM hai aura jaina zAstroM meM hai| prastuta viSaya kI nirNAyakatA meM yaha koI mahattvapUrNa bAta nahIM hai| isa viSaya meM pahale bahuta kucha likhA jA cukA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki vaha yuddha buddha-nirvANa ke pazcAt aura mahAvIra-nirvANa ke pUrva A thaa| ukta mAnyatA kA mUla AdhAra mahAparinivvANa sutta hai, jisake viSaya meM sAmAnyatayA yaha kahA jAtA hai ki usameM buddha ke antima jIvana se sambandhita ghaTanAoM kA varNana hI hai| isI satta meM koNika kA mahAmAtya vassakAra vajjI ke vijaya kI yojanA buddha ke samakSa prastuta karatA hai; ataH yaha buddha ke antima kAla se sambandhita ghaTanA hai| mahAparinivvANa sutta meM adhikAMza ghaTanAeM buddha ke antima jIvana se sambandhita haiM, yaha samajha meM AtA hai; para sabhI ghaTanAeM aisI hI haiM, yaha yathArtha nahIM lgtaa| mahAparinivANa 1. vistAra ke lie dekheM, prastuta prakaraNa meM 'buddha-nirvANa-kAlaH paramparAgata tithiyaaN'| 2. darzana aura cintana, dvitIya khaNDa, pR0 47, 48 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] kAla-nirNaya sutta meM to sAriputra bhI buddha se vArtAlApa karate haiM;' yaha sarvasammata tathya hai ki bhagavAn buddha se bahuta pUrva hI sAriputra kA dehAvasAna ho cukA thaa| sammava sthiti to yaha hai ki mahAzilAkaMTaka aura rathamuzala saMgrAma ke ho jAne ke bahuta samaya pazcAt jo vaizAlI-prAkArabhaGga kA viSaya adhUrA par3A thA aura koNika va usake senApati Adi prAkAra-bhaGga kI nAnA yojanAeM soca rahe the, vassakAra taba bhagavAn buddha se milA thaa| yaha dhAraNA isase bhI puSTa hotI hai ki jaina-paramparA ke anusAra bhI prAkAra-bhaGga chadma-vidhi se kiyA jAtA hai aura buddha ke mukha se vajjiyoM kI durjayatA sunakara vassakAra bhI kisI chadma-vighi ko apanAne kI bAta socatA hai| isa prakAra aneka kAraNa milate haiM, jinase yaha bhalI-bhAMti spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki DA0 jekobI kA yaha Agraha ki yuddha buddha-nirvANa ke pazcAt hI huA thA, vAstavika nahIM hai| paM0 sukhalAlA kI taraha zrI gopAladAsa paTela va zrI kastUramala bAMThiyA Adi vicArakoM ne bhI DA0 jekobI ke mata ko dRr3hatApUrvaka mAnA hai, para, usakA eka mAtra kAraNa DA0 jekobI ke pramANoM kA hI ekapakSIya avalo DA0 zAnTiyara DA0 jekobI ke prathama aura dvitIya samIkSA-kAla ke bIca DA. zAnTiyara dvArA prastuta pahelI ke niSkarSa taka pahu~cane kA prayatna huaa| unakA etadviSayaka lekha iNDiyana enTikverI, san 191 meM prakAzita huA hai / DA0 zAnTiyara kA niSkarSa hai ki mahAvIra buddha se 10 varSa bAda nirvAda prApta hue| buddha kA nirvANa I0 pU0 477 meM huA aura mahAvIra kA nirvANa I0 pU0 467 meN| zAnTiyara kA yaha niSkarSa mukhya do AdhAroM para sthita hai-I0 pU0 477 meM buddha kA nirvANa-kAla aura mahAvIra kI nirvANa-bhUmi pAvA / Aja yadi hama usa lekha ko par3hate haiM to spaSTa samajha meM A jAtA hai ki itihAsa ke kramika vikAsa meM ve donoM hI AdhAra sarvathA badala cuke haiN| kisI yuga meM yaha eka aitihAsika dhAraNA mAnI jAtI thI ki buddha kA nirvANa I0 pU0 477 meM huA, para Aja kI aitihAsika dhAraNAoM meM ukta tithi kA koI sthAna nahIM raha gayA hai| zAnTiyara ne mahAvIra nirvANa-sambandhI bauddha samullekhoM ko yaha batAkara ayathArtha mAnA hai ki nirvANa dakSiNa bihAra kI pAvA meM huA thA aura bauddha piTaka uttara bihAra kI pAvA kA ullekha karate haiN| saca bAta to yaha hai ki aitihA 1. dIgha nikAya, mahAparinivvANa sutt| 2. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne sAriputra kI ghaTanA kA vahAM honA zAstra-saMgrAhakoM kI bhUla mAnA hai| (dekheM, buddha caryA pR0 525) yadi vahAM bhUla se hI saMkalita hotI hai, to kyA 'vassakAra kI ghaTanA' bhI vahAM bhUla se hI saMkalita nahIM ho sakatI? 3. dekheM, bhagavAna mahAvIra no saMyama dharma, (sUtrakRtAMga no chAyAnuvAda), pR0 257 se 262 / 4. zramaNa, varSa 13, aMka 6, pR09| 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana sika dRSTi se socane vAle lagabhaga sabhI vidvAn uttara bihAra kI pAvA ko hI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI nirvANa-bhUmi mAnane lage haiN|' DA0 jekobI ne apane abhimata ke samarthana ke lie apane lekha meM DA0 zAnTiyara kI kucha eka dhAraNAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| para ullekhanIya bAta yaha hai ki zAnTiyara dvArA ThaharAye gaye mahAvIra aura buddha ke kAla-nirdhAraNa ko DA0 jekobI ne AMzika mAnyatA bhI nahIM dI hai| lagatA hai, zAnTiyara ne apane lekha-kAla meM buddha-nirvANa-kAla-sambandhI jo aitihAsika dhAraNA pracalita thI, use kendra-bindu mAnakara anya tathyoM kA jor3a-tor3a biThAyA hai| DA0 jekobI kI dUsarI samIkSA isase solaha varSa bAda hotI hai| taba taka buddha-nirvANasambandhI aitihAsika dhAraNA navIna rUpa le letI hai aura DA0 jekobI use apanA lete haiN| hameM isa bAta ko nahIM bhUlanA hai ki DA0 jekobI kI dUsarI samIkSA bhI 32 varSa purAnI ho cukI hai aura isa avadhi meM mahAvIra aura buddha ke nirvANa se sambandhita naI-naI dhAraNAeM sAmane A rahI haiM; ataH etadviSayaka kAla-nirNaya meM hameM navInatama dRSTikoNoM se hI socanA apekSita hotA hai| DA0 ke0 pI0 jAyasavAla janarala oNpha bihAra eNDa orissA risarca sosAyaTI ke sampAdaka evaM prasiddha itihAsakAra DA0 ke0 pI0 jAyasavAla ke dvArA isa dizA meM ullekhanIya prayatna huA hai| unhoMne apanI samIkSA meM yaha mAnA-bauddha piTakoM meM varNita mahAvIra ke nirvANa-prasaMga aitihAsika nirdhAraNa meM kisI prakAra upekSA ke yogya nahIM haiN| sAmagAma sutta meM buddha mahAvIra nirvANa ke samAcAra sunate haiM aura pracalita dhAraNAoM ke anusAra isake do varSa pazcAt buddha svayaM nirvANa ko prApta hote haiN| bauddhoM kI dakSiNI paramparA ke anusAra buddha-nirvANa I0 pU0 544 meM huA ; ataH mahAvIra kA nirvANa I0 pU0 546 meM hotA hai| mahAvIra-nirvANa aura vikramAditya unhoMne isake sAtha-sAtha 'mahAvIra ke 470 varSa bAda vikramAditya' isa jaina-mAnyatA para bhI eka nUtana saMgati biThAne kA prayatna kiyA thaa| unakA kahanA thA; "jana-gaNanA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa aura vikrama saMvat ke bIca 470 varSa kA antara mAnA jAtA hai| vaha vastutaH sarasvatI gaccha kI paDhAvalI ke lekhAnusAra nirvANa aura vikrama-janma ke bIca kA antara hai| vikrama 18 veM varSa meM rAjyAbhiSeka huA aura usI varSa se saMvat pracalita huaa| isa prakAra mahAvIra-nirvANa se (470+18) 488 varSa para vikrama saMvatsara kA Arambha humA para jaina-gaNanA se ukta 18 varSa chUTa gaye; ataH nirvANa se 470 varSa para hI saMvatsara mAnA jAne lagA, jo spaSTa bhUla hai|"3 1. isI prakaraNa meM "mahAvIra kA nirvANa kisa pAvA meM ?" ke antargata isakI carcA kI jA cukI hai| 2. Journal of Bihar and Orissa Research Society, vol. XIII, pp. 240-246. 3. Journal of Bihar and Orissa Research Society vol. XIII, p. 246. ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] kAla-nirNaya DA0 jAyasavAla ne mahAvIra-nirvANa-sambandhI bauddha ullekhoM kI upekSA na karane kI jo bAta kahI, vaha vastutaH hI nyAya-saMgata hai / sAmagAma sutta ke AdhAra para buddha se do varSa pUrva mahAvIra kA nirvANa mAnanA aura 470 meM 18 varSa jor3akara mahAvIra aura vikrama kI madhyavartI avadhi nizcita karanA, puSTa pramANoM para AdhArita nahIM hai| itihAsakAroM kA kahanA hai : "yaha mAnyatA kisI bhI prAmANika paramparA para AdhArita nahIM hai| AcArya merutuMga' ne mahAvIra-nirvANa aura vikramAditya ke bIca 470 varSa kA antara mAnA hai| vaha antara vikrama ke janmakAla se nahIM, apitu zaka-rAjya kI samApti aura vikrama-vijaya ke kAla se hai"| isake atirikta DA. jAyasavAla ne sAmagAma sutta ke AdhAra para buddhanirvANa se do varSa pUrva jo mahAvIra-nirvANa mAnA hai, vaha bhI AnumAnika hI ThaharatA hai| DA. rAdhAkumuda mukarjI ne apane suprasiddha grantha Hindu Civilization (hindU sabhyatA) meM DA0 jAyasavAla kI taraha hI mahAvIra kI jyeSThatA aura pUrva-nirvANa-prApti kA yauktika samarthana kiyA hai| unakI mAnyatA meM ukta donoM tathya sarvathA asaMdigdha hai| unake apane vivecana meM vizeSatA kI bAta yaha ki unhoMne mahAvIra kI jyeSThatA ko mI aneka prakAroM se mAnyatA dI hai| ___mahAvIra aura buddha ke kAla-nirNaya meM DA0 mukarjI ne DA0 jAyasavAla ke mata ko akSarazaH apanAyA hai, jisake anusAra mahAvIra kA nirvANa-kAla I0 pU0 546 aura buddha kA nirvANa-kAla I0pU0 544 hai| isa kAla-krasa se mahAvIra kI jyeSThatA ke nirUpaNa meM visaMvAda (Self contradiction) paidA ho gayA hai| mahAvIra kI Ayu 72 varSa aura buddha kI Ayu 80 varSa thI; ataH isase buddha mahAvIra se 8 varSa bar3e ho jAte haiN| niSkarSa yaha hai ki DA0 mukarjI mahAvIra kI jyeSThatA aura pUrva-nirvANa-prApti ko mAnate hue bhI, use kAla-krama ke sAtha ghaTita na kara pAye haiN| DA0 kAmatAprasAda jaina ne bhI isI kAla-krama ko apanAyA hai, para unakI dhAraNA meM 1. vikramarajjAraMbhA parao siri vIra nivvui bhnniyaa| sunnu muNi veya jutto vikkama kAlau jiNa kaalo| -vicAra zreNI, pR0 3, 4 / 2. The suggetion can hardly be said to rest on any reliable tradi tion. Merutunga places the death of the last Jina or Tirthankara 470 years before the end of Saka rule and the victory and not birth of the traditional Vikrama ---R.C. Majumdar, H.C. Raychoudhury and K.K. Dutta, An Advanced History of India, p. 85. 3. DA. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla dvArA anUdita va rAjakamala prakAzana se prakAzita / 4. hindU sabhyatA, pR0 216, 223, 224 / / 5. hindU sabhyatA, pR0 223 (buddha kA nirvANa-kAla I0 pU0 543 batAyA gayA hai| silonI paramparA ke anusAra 543-544 donoM tithiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| ____ 2010_05

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58 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana buddha jyeSTha aura mahAvIra pUrva-nirvANa-prApta haiN|' mahAvIra kI jyeSThatA ke sambandha meM milane vAle piTaka-samullekhoM ko bhI unhoMne ghaTita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, kintu vaha svAbhAvikatA se bahuta pare kA hai| eka-Adha sthala ko unhoMne vakrokti ke dvArA jahAM ghaTita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, vahAM aneka sthala jo mahAvIra kI jyeSThatA ke sambandha meM atyanta spaSTa haiM, unakA koI samAdhAna nahIM diyA hai| kula milAkara unakA pakSa yaha to hai ki mahAvIra buddha se pUrva-nirvANa-prApta hae the| purAtattva-gaveSaka muni jinavijayajI ne bhI DA0 jAyasavAla ke mata ko mAnate hue mahAvIra kI jyeSThatA svIkAra kI hai| dharmAnanda kosambI zrI dharmAnanda kosambI kA sudRr3ha nizcaya hai ki buddha tatkAlIna sAtoM dharmAcAryoM meM sabase choTe the| prArambha meM unakA saMgha bhI sabase choTA thaa| kAla-krama kI bAta ko kosambIjI ne yaha kahakara gauNa kara diyA hai ki "buddha kI janma-tithi meM kucha kama yA adhika antara par3a jAtA hai, to bhI usase unake jIvana-caritra meM kisI prakAra kA gauNatva nahIM A sktaa| mahattva kI bAta buddha kI janma-tithi nahIM, balki yaha hai ki unake janma se pahale kyA paristhiti thI aura usameM se unhoMne navIna dharma-mArga kaise khoja nikaalaa|"5 kAla-krama ko gauNa karane kA kAraNa yahI hai ki isa sambandha meM nAnA matavAda pracalita haiN| DA. harnale haisTigsa ke insAiklopIDiyA oNpha rilIjana eNDa ithiksa grantha meM DA0 harnale ne bhI isa viSaya kI carcA kI hai| unakI dhAraNA ke anusAra buddha kA nirvANa mahAvIra se 5 varSa pazcAt hotA hai| tadanusAra buddha kA janma mahAvIra se 3 varSa pUrva hotA hai| yaha mAnane meM DA0 harnale ke AdhArabhUta tathya ve hI hai, jo prastuta nibandha meM yatra-tatra carce jA cuke haiN| muni kalyANa vijayajI I0 san 1930 meM itihAsavid muni kalyANa vijayajI ne eka virAT prayatna kiyA hai| vIra-nirvANa saMvat aura jaina kAla-gaNanA nAmaka unakA etadviSayaka grantha gaveSakoM ke lie eka anUThA khajAnA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra aura buddha ke nirvANa-samaya ke viSaya meM unhone apanA svatantra cintana prastuta kiyA hai| usakA niSkarSa hai-bhagavAn mahAvIra se buddha 14 1. bhagavAn mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddha pR0 114-115 / 2. vahI, pR0 110-115 / 3. jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, pUnA, 1620, khaNDa 1, aMka 4, pR 204 se 210 / 4. bhagavAn buddha, 33, 155 / 5. vahI, bhUmikA, pR0 12 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] kAla-nirNaya varSa 5 mAsa 15 dina pUrva nirvANa prApta ho cuke the| arthAt buddha mahAvIra se Ayu meM lagabhaga 22 varSa bar3e the| isI tathya ko kAla-gaNanA meM isa prakAra bAMdhA jA sakatA hai buddha kA nirvANa-I0 pU0 542 (maI) mahAvIra kA nirvANa-I0 pU0 528 (navambara)' unhoMne bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirvANa I0 pU0 527 mAnA hai| yaha paramparA sammata bhI hai aura pramANa-sammata bhii| muni kalyANa vijayajI ne isI nirvANa-saMvat ko aura bhI vibhinna yuktiyoM aura pramANoM se puSTa kiyA hai| unhoMne buddha kA nirvANa mahAvIra-nirvANa se lagabhaga 15 varSa pUrva mAnA hai| isa mAnyatA meM unakA AdhAra yaha rahA hai ki sAmagAma satta meM buddha jo mahAvIra-nirvANa kI bAta sunate haiM, vaha yathArtha nahIM thii| gozAlaka kI tejolezyA se bhagavAn mahAvIra bahuta pIr3ita ho rahe the| usa samaya logoM meM yaha carcA uThI thI ki 'lagatA hai, avazya hI mahAvIra gozAlaka kI bhaviSyavANI ke anusAra 6 mahIne meM hI kAla-dharma ko prApta ho jaayeNge|' unakA kahanA hai, sambhavata: isI nirAdhAra apavAda se mahAvIra-nirvANa kI bAta cala par3I ho| ve likhate haiM : "jisa varSa meM jJAtaputra ke maraNa (maraNa kI aphavAha) ke samAcAra sune, usake dUsare hI varSa buddha kA nirvANa huaa| bauddhoM ke isa Azaya ke lekha se hama buddha aura mahAvIra ke nirvANa-samaya ke antara ko ThIka taura se samajha sakate haiN|" bhagavatI sUtra ke anusAra mahAvIra gozAlaka ke tejolezyA-prasaMga ke bAda 16 varSa jIe the; yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai| isI Azaya ko pakar3a kara muni kalyANa vijayajI ne buddha ke nirvANakAla ko nizcita kiyA hai| unhoMne yaha bhI mAnA hai : "merA yaha AnumAnika kAla dakSiNI bauddhoM kI paramparA ke sAtha bhI mela khAtA hai|" jahAM taka mahAvIra ke nirvANa-samaya kA sambandha hai, muni kalyANa vijayajI ne sacamuca hI yathArthatA kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| kintu, buddha-nirvANa ke sambandha meM to unhoMne aTakalabAjI se hI kAma liyA hai| bauddha-zAstroM meM ullikhita mahAvIra ke nirvANa-prasaMgoM ko unhoMne bahata hI ulaTa kara dekhA hai / isa prakAra khIMcatAna karake nikAle gae artha kabhI aitihAsika tathya nahIM bana skte| dakSiNI bauddhoM kI paramparA ke sAtha apanI nirdhArita tithi kA mela biThAnA bhI nitAnta khIMcatAna hI hai| donoM samayoM meM lagabhaga do varSoM kA spaSTa antara par3atA hai| use kisI prakAra nagaNya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, jaisA ki unhoMne mAnane ke lie kahA hai| muni kalyANa vijayajI ne bhagavAn buddha ko jyeSTha mAnane meM eka pramANa yaha diyA hai : "bauddha sAhitya meM buddha ke pratispardhI tIrthaGkaroM kA jahAM-jahAM ullekha huA hai, vahAM-vahAM sarvatra 1. I0 pU0 528 ke navambara mahIne aura I0 pU0 527 meM kevala 2 mahIne kA hI antara hai ; ataH mahAvIra-nirvANa kA kAla sAmAnyatayA I0pU0 527 hI likhA jAtA hai| muni kalyANa vijayajI ne bhI isakA prayoga yatra-tatra kiyA hai| 2. vIra nirvANa saMvat aura jaina kAla-gaNanA, pR0 15 / 3. vahI, pR0 160 / 4. vIra nirvANa saMvat aura jaina kAla-gaNanA, pR0160 / ____ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa: 1 nirgrantha jJAtaputra kA nAma sabake pIche likhA gayA hai| isakA zAyada yahI kAraNa ho sakatA hai ki unake pratispadhiyoM meM jJAtaputra mahAvIra sabase pIche ke pratispardhI the|" buddha ke pratispadhiyoM meM mahAvIra kA nAma antima ho, to bhI usakA yaha artha to nahIM ho jAtA ki mahAvIra buddha se choTe the| pratyuta bauddha piTakoM ke tathAprakAra ke prasaMga to isI bAta kI ora saMketa karate haiM ki unake chahoM pratispardhI unase pUrva hI bahuta khyAti aura prabhAva ajita kara cuke the| vastusthiti yaha hai ki muni kalyANa vijayajI ne nirgrantha jJAtaputra kA nAma sarvatra antima hI hone kA jo likhA hai, vaha bhI yathArtha nahIM hai| aise mI aneka sthala haiM, jahA~ nirgrantha jJAtaputra kA nAma antima nahIM hai / mahAvIra adher3a-buddha yuvA muni kalyANa vijayajI kA kahanA hai : 'ajAtazatru ke sammukha usake amAtya ne mahAvIra ke sambandha meM kahA hai : 'mahArAja ! yaha nirgrantha jJAtaputra saMgha aura gaNa ke mAlika haiN| gaNa ke AcArya, jJAnI aura yazasvI tIrthaGkara haiN| sAdhujanoM ke pUjya aura bahuta logoM ke zraddhAspada haiN| ye cira-dIkSita aura avasthA meM adher3a haiN| isase mahAvIra kA adher3a aura buddha kA vRddha honA siddha hotA hai|" isa prasaMga ko yadi samagra rUpa se dekhA jAe to spaSTa saMketa milatA hai ki mahAvIra adher3a the aura buddha yuvA ; kyoMki yahAM maMtrI mahAvIra kI vizeSatAoM kA varNana kara rahA hai aura vizeSatA ke prasaMga meM 'adher3a' kahanA unakI jyeSThatA kA sUcaka hai| dUsarI bAta dIghanikAya ke isI prasaMga meM gozAlaka, saMjaya Adi sabhI ko cira-dIkSita aura adher3a kahA gayA hai| kevala buddha ke lie ina vizeSaNoM kA prayoga nahIM kiyA gayA hai / isase bhI yahI pramANita hotA ki buddha ina sabakI apekSA meM yuvA the| 1. vIra nirvANa saMvat aura kAla-gaNanA, pR03| 2. saMyutta nikAya, daharasutta, 3-1-1 meM nirgrantha jJAtaputra kA nAma tIsarA hai; dIghanikAya, __ sAmaJaphala sutta, 1-2 (rAhula sAMkRtyAyana dvArA anUdita, pRSTha 21) meM pAMcavAM hai| 3. vIra nirvANa samvat aura jaina kAla-gaNanA, pR0 4 / / 4. ayaM deva nigaMTho nAtaputto saMghI ceva gaNI ca gaNAcAriyo ca jAto yasassI titthakaro sAdhusaMmato bahujanassa rattane cirapabbajito addhagata vayo anupttaati|| -dIgha nikAya, bhAga 1, pR0 48, 46 (vIra nirvANa samvat aura jaina kAla-gaNanA, pR0 4 se uddhRt)| 5. mUla pAli meM 'addhagato' aura 'vayoanupattA' ye do zabda vyavahRta hote rahe haiN| piTakoM (vinaya piTaka, cullavagga, saMgha-bhedaka khaMdhaka, devadatta sutta aura suttanipAta, sabhiya sutta) meM bhI yaha zabda-prayoga bahulatA se milatA hai| zrI rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne inakA anuvAda 'adhvagata' aura 'vayaH-anuprApta kiyA hai (udAharaNArtha, dekheM, buddha caryA, pR0 137 / rAisa DeviDsa ne dIgha nikAya ke aMgrejI anuvAda meM 'old and wellstricken in years' kiyA hai| (Dialogues of Buddha, vol I, p. 66). 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] kAla-nirNaya 61 dIgha nikAya meM isI prasaMga para Age batAyA gayA hai ki ajAtazatru sabhI dharmAcAryoM kI gaurava gAthA sunatA hai aura anta meM buddha ke pAsa dharma carcA ke lie jAtA hai / vahA~ jAkara vaha buddha se 'zrAmaNya-phala' pUchatA hai aura yaha bhI batAtA hai ki 'maiM yahI zrAmaNya phala nigaMTha nAtaputta prabhRtti chahoM dharmAcAryoM se pUcha cukA hUM / ' buddha aura ajAtazatru kA yaha prathama samparka thA / aisI sthiti meM kyA yaha spaSTa nahIM ho jAtA ki nigaMTha nAtaputta prabhRti chahoM dharma- nAyaka buddha se jyeSTha the / uttarakAlika granthoM meM isake atirikta muni kalyANa vijayajI ne zreNika aura cellaNA sambandhI aisI jaina janazrutiyoM kA pramANa diyA hai, jinameM rAjA zreNika ke pahale bauddha va pIche jaina banane kA ullekha hai ' ; para vAstava meM ye sArI bAteM uttaravartI jaina-kathAoM kI haiM; ataH aitihAsika dRSTi meM inakA vizeSa sthAna nahIM bana pAtA / kisa grantha ke AdhAra para unhoMne ina kathAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai ; yaha svayaM unhoMne bhI nahIM likhaa| isI prakAra buddha ke jyeSTha hone ke pakSa meM unhoMne uttaravartI bauddha sAhitya se bhI pAMca mAyantAeM cunI haiM, jinakA maulika AdhAra ve svayaM bhI nahIM de pAye haiM / adhikAMza mAnyatAeM aisI haiM, jinakA mUla piTakoM se koI sambandha nahIM hai ; apitu kahIM-kahIM to ve virodhAbhAsa utpanna kara detI haiM / 1 asaMgatiyAM muni kalyANa vijayajI ne buddha ko bar3e aura mahAvIra ko choTe pramANita karane meM jitanI bhI yuktiyAM dI haiM, unakA sabala honA to dUra, ve paryApta bhI nahIM hai / unake dvArA kI gaI saMgatiyoM se kucha eka mahAn asaMgatiyoM kA AvirbhAva ho jAtA hai / jaise ki tripiTaka eka dhArA se yaha kahate haiM - mahAvIra kA nirvANa buddha se pUrva huaa| itanA hI nahIM, piTakoM ne svayaM buddha ke mu~ha se kahalavAyA hai - " maiM sabhI dharmanAyakoM meM choTA huuN|" tathA unameM aura bhI aneka sthaloM para buddha ko sabhI dharma-nAyakoM se choTA kahA gayA hai| muni kalyANa vijayajI ukta prasaMgoM kI koI saMgati nahIM de pAe haiM / unhoMne sarvatra aise prasaMgoM ko kAlpanika aura bhrAmaka kaha kara TAlA hai / yaha ucita nahIM huA hai aura na boddha piTakoM ke sAtha nyAya bhI / pUrva aura pazcima ke lagabhaga sabhI itihAsakAroM ne mahAvIra aura buddha ke kAla-nirNaya meM ina AdhAroM ko mUlabhUta mAnA hai / dUsarI asaMgati yaha hai ki muni kalyANa vijayajI koNika ke rAjya-kAla ke daveM varSa meM buddha-nirvANa sambandhI uttarakAlika granthoM kI mAnyatA ko mUlabhUta mAna kara cale haiM aura gozAlaka ke carama nirUpaNa se mahAvIra kA 16 varSa kA jIvana kAla batAkara yaha niSkarSa 1. vIra nirvANa samvat aura jaina kAla-gaNanA, pR0 2 / 2. vahI, pR0 1 / 3. ina saba prasaMgoM kI vistRta carcA prastuta prakaraNa ke antargata 'mahAvIra kI jyeSThatA' meM kI gaI hai / 2010_05

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62 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 upasthita karate haiM : "mahAvIra ajAtazatru kI rAjya prApti ke solaha varSa se bhI adhika jIvita rahe the aura buddha usake rAjya kAla ke 8veM varSa meM hI deha mukta ho cuke the / "" jaisA ki batAyA gayA - koNika ke rAjya kAla ke 8veM varSa meM buddha-nirvANa kI bAta uttarakAlika aura nitAnta paurANika hai| use eka kSaNa ke lie sahI mAna leM, to bhI jainaparamparA ke anusAra mahAvIra - nirvANa aura zreNika ke deha mukta hone meM jo 17 varSa kA antara mAnA jAtA hai, usake sAtha isakI koI saMgati nahIM baiThatI hai; kyoMki koNika kA rAjyArohaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa se lagabhaga 17 varSa pUrva huA thA / isa sthiti meM yadi buddha kA nirvANa koNika - rAjyArohaNa ke 8 veM varSa meM mAnA jAe to buddha aura mahAvIra ke nirvANa meM varSa se adhika antara rahanA sambhAvita nahIM hai / kintu dUsarI ora svayaM muni kalyANa vijayajI ke anusAra hI buddha aura mahAvIra ke nirvANa kAla meM 14- 3 varSa kA antara mAnA gayA hai / itanI bar3I asaMgatiyoM ke rahate hue unakA samAdhAna kaise buddhigamya ho sakatA hai ? itihAsa ke kSetra meM jAkara hameM itihAsa kI maryAdAoM meM hI viSaya ko parakhanA cAhie / zrI vijayendra sUri zrI vijayendra sUri dvArA likhita tIrthaGkara mahAvIra do khaNDoM meM prakAzita huA hai / " aitihAsika tathyoM kA vaha bharA-pUrA Akalana hai / zrI vijayendra sUri ne anekAneka pramANoM se bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirvANa-kAla I0 pU0 527 thA, yaha sthApanA kI hai / unhoMne buddha kA nirvANa-kAla I0 pU0 544 mAnA hai / 6 kahanA cAhie, unhoMne sambhavata: samagra rUpa se muni vijayajI kI dhAraNA kA samarthana kiyA | bauddha piTakoM meM Ae hue mahAvIra - nirvANa ke prasaMgoM para unhoMne DaoN0 e0 ela0 bAzama kI isa mAnyatA ko sambhAvita mAnA hai ki vaha vastutaH gozAlaka kA maraNa thA, jise bauddha - zAstra - saMgrAhakoM ne mahAvIra kA maraNa samajha liyA thA / zrI vijayendra sUri kI uparokta dhAraNA bhI kalpanA pradhAna hai, na ki pramANa- pradhAna / kucha samaya ke lie gozAlaka ke maraNa ko mahAvIra kA maraNa samajhA mI jA sakatA hai, para gozAlaka kI mRtyu ke pazcAt bhagavAn mahAvIra solaha varSa aura jIye aura vaha bhrAnti 1. vIra - nirvANa samvat aura jaina kAla-gaNanA, pR0 7 / 2. yaha tathya 'DA0 jekobI kI dUsarI samIkSA' ke antargata 'asaMgatiyAM' meM pramANita kiyA cukA hai / 3. vIra - nirvANa samvat aura jaina kAla-gaNanA, pR0 18 / 4. kAzInAtha sarAka, yazodharma mandira, bambaI se prakAzita, 1663 / 5. tIrthaGkara mahAvIra, bhAga 2, pR0 316-324 / 6. vahI, pR0 326 / 7. AjIvaka, pR0 75 / 8. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra, bhAga 2, pR0 323 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] kAla- nirNaya 63 jyoM-kI-tyoM banI rahe, yaha kaise buddhigamya ho sakatA hai| dUsarI bAta, jaise ki kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai, upalabdha bauddha piTakoM kA praNayana buddha-nirvANa se do-tIna zatAbdI bAda huA / vahAM taka bhI vaha bhUla jyoM-kI-tyoM calatI rahI, yaha kaise zakya ho sakatA hai, jaba ki mahAvIra aura buddha lagabhaga eka hI sImita kSetra meM vihAra karane vAle aura eka hI zramaNa paramparA ke unnAyaka the / zrI vijayendra sUri ke pratipAdana meM eka asaMgati aura khar3I hotI hai / vaha yaha hai ki eka ora ve mAnate haiM - 'buddha ne gozAlaka ke maraNa ko mahAvIra ke maraNa ke rUpa meM sunA', dUsarI ora ve mAnate haiM-- 'buddha aura gozAlaka ; donoM kA hI nidhana bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa se 16 varSa pUrva huA / " aisI sthiti meM buddha gozAlaka ke mRtyu- saMvAda ko kaise sunate, jabaki piTakoM ke anusAra buddha ne apane nirvANa se varSoM pUrva hI usa saMvAda ko suna liyA thA ? yadi piTakoM ke AdhAra para yaha mAnA jAye ki aisI koI ghaTanA ghaTita huI thI to kyA yaha bhI mAna lenA apekSita nahIM hogA ki vaha unakI mRtyu se varSoM pUrva huI thI / zrI zrIcanda rAmapuriyA prastuta viSaya para eka vivecanAtmaka nibandha zrIcandajI rAmapuriyA kA prakAzita huA hai / unhoMne apane nibandha meM prastuta viSaya ke pakSa aura vipakSa kI labhya sAmagrI kA sundara saMkalana kiyA hai tathA pracalita ghaTanAoM kI yauktika samIkSA bhI kI hai para unhoMne viSaya ko kisI nirNAyaka sthiti para nahIM pahuMcAyA hai / unakA adhika sujhAva 'mahAvIra kI jyeSThatA' kA lagatA hai, kyoMki unhoMne DA0 jekobI aura muni kalyANa vijayajI ke lagabhaga sAre tarkoM kA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai, jo ki unhoMne buddha kI jyeSThatA pramANita karane ke pakSa meM kI haiM / isa sambandha meM unheM kevala do hI prasaMga aise lage haiM, jo mahAvIra kI jyeSThatA meM vicAraNIya banate haiM / mahAvIra kI preraNA se abhayakumAra va buddha ke bIca hue praznottara aura devadatta ke bAre meM buddha dvArA prayukta kaThora zabdoM se pahale kA prasaMga sambandhita hai / ina donoM ghaTanAoM ko jor3akara rAmapuriyAjI isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM: "mahAvIra ne abhayakumAra ko carcA ke lie bhejA, usakA viSaya devadatta ko buddha dvArA kahe gaye antima kaThora vacanoM kA aucitya anaucitya thA / ......................isase spaSTa hotA hai ki devadatta ke bAre meM buddha dvArA kaThora zabda kahe jAne ke prasaMga ke kucha sAla bAda taka mahAvIra jIvita the / devadatta ajAtazatru ke rAjyAbhirUr3ha hone 1. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra, bhAga 2,, pR0 326 / 2. jaina bhAratI, varSa 12, aMka 1, pR0 5-21 / 3. vistAra ke lie dekheM, "tripiTaka sAhitya meM mahAvIra" prakaraNa ke antargata 'abhaya rAjakumAra' | 4. vistAra ke lie dekheM, "virodhI ziSya" prakaraNa ke antargata 'devadatta' 1 2010_05

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64 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 ke bAda saMgha-viccheda kara alaga huA thA / mahAvIra ke nirvANa kA saMvAda sAriputta ke jIvanakAla meM buddha ko milA thaa| sAriputta kA dehAnta buddha ke pUrva hI huA-isameM bauddha lekhaka eka mata haiN|' uparyukta sAre bauddha ullekhoM ko paraspara milAne se prakaTa hotA hai ki mahAvIra kA nirvANa-ajAtazatru ke rAjyArohaNa ke bAda devadatta ke viSaya meM buddha dvArA udagAra pragaTa kiye jAne aura sAriputra ke dehAnta ke bIca honA caahie| buddha kA nirvANa ajAtazatru ke rAjyakAla ke 8 veM varSa meM batalAyA gayA hai| yadi yaha ThIka mAna liyA jAya to mahAvIra kA nirvANa ajAtazatru ke rAjyAbhirUr3ha hone ke aura bhI kama avadhi ke andara ghaTita honA cAhie aura ajAtazatru ke rAjyatvakAla ke prathama varSa ke pahale nahIM ho sakatA / hama bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ko ajAtazatru ke rAjyatvakAla ke prathama varSa meM hI mAnakara dekheM ki usakA kyA natIjA nikalatA hai| isakA artha hotA hai ki jaba mahAvIra ne 72 varSa kI avasthA meM nirvANa prApta kiyA, usa samaya tathAgata buddha kI avasthA 73 varSa kI thii| jaba mahAvIra ne 42 varSa kI avasthA meM kevala jJAna prApta kiyA; taba buddha kI avasthA 43 varSa kI thii| arthAta unheM bodhi prApta kiye 8 varSa ho cuke the| jaba mahAvIra ne tIsa varSa kI avasthA meM dIkSA-grahaNa kI, usa samaya buddha kI avasthA 31 varSa kI thI aura unheM pravrajyA grahaNa kiye tIna varSa ho cuke the| jaba mahAvIra kA janma huA, usa samaya buddha 1 varSa ke the|" ukta vivecana kevala isI AdhAra para ThaharatA hai ki 'ajAtazatru ke rAjyArohaNa ke 8 varSa bAda buddha kA nirvANa huaa'| para svayaM rAmapuriyAjI ne bhI 'yadi yaha ThIka mAna liyA jAye to' kaha kara hI isa tathya ko prastuta kiyA hai| vastusthiti yaha hai ki '8 varSa' kI mAnyatA kevala mahAvaMza grantha kI kAla-gaNanA ke AdhAra para calatI hai aura vaha kAla-gaNanA vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM pramANita nahIM hai| __dUsarA prasaMga parinirvANa ke samaya buddha ko subhadra parivrAjaka dvArA pUche gaye prazna se sambandhita hai / isa prasaMga ko uddhRta karate hue rAmapuriyAjI likhate haiM : "isa prasaMga se prazna uThatA hai ki kyA buddha ke parinirvANa ke dina taka mahAvIra jIvita the ? subhadra kA prazna jIvita tIrthaGkaroM ke bAre meM thA yA nirvANa-prApta tIrthaGkaroM ke siddhAntoM kI carcA-mAtra?" ukta prasaMga ko bhI rAmapuriyAjI ne bahuta sajagatA se tolA hai; kyoMki aise prazna bahuta bAra Dharre ke rUpa meM bhI huA karate haiM aura yaha prazna to chahoM nAma sAtha bola dene ke Dhare rUpa hI huA hai ; yahAM taka ki rAjA milinda ke sAkSAtkAra ke sambandha meM bhI inhIM chaH nAmoM kA ullekha huA hai, jaba ki rAjA milinda kA buddha-nirvANa ke 500 varSa pazcAt honA 1. Edward J. Thomas, The Life of Buddha, PP. 140-141. 2. ajAtasattuno aTThame vasse muni nivvute| -mahAvaMza, pariccheda 2 / 3. draSTavya-"tripiTaka sAhitya meM mahAvIra" prakaraNa ke antargata 'subhadra pribraajk'| 4. milind-pnyho| ___ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] kAla- nirNaya 65 batAyA gayA hai / " yaha isase bhI spaSTa hai ki ukta nAmoM meM makkhalI gozAlaka aura pUrNakAzyapa ke nAma bhI Aye haiM; jo ki sarvasammata rUpa se buddha se pUrva hI nidhana prApta kara cuke the / isa prakAra ukta prasaMga buddha kI jyeSThatA kA nirNAyaka pramANa nahIM bana sakatA / DA0 zAntilAla zAha san 1934 meM DA0 zAntilAla zAha kI Chronological Problems nAmaka pustaka bona (jarmanI) se prakAzita huI thI / lekhaka ke zabdoM meM "isa pustaka kA uddezya kevala mahAvIra aura buddha kI nirvANa tithi va candragupta maurya aura azoka kI rAjyArohaNa tithi ko hI nizcita karanA nahIM hai aura na jaina dharma ke pAramparika tathyoM ko hI prAmANikatA denA hai, apitu uttara bhArata ke ajAtazatru se lekara kaniSka taka ke sabhI rAjAoM ke kAlakrama kA nava-sarjana karanA hai / " apane uddezya ke anusAra ajAtazatru se lekara kaniSka taka ke kAla-krama ko nayA rUpa dene kA lekhaka ne bharasaka prayatna kiyA hai / kucha eka naye tathyoM ko aitihAsika rUpa dene meM saphala bhI hue haiM; kintu yatra-tatra jaina pAramparika mAnyatAoM ko aitihAsikatA dene meM unakA Agraha-sA bhI vyakta huA hai / DA0 zAha ke anusAra mahAvIra kA nirvANa kAla I0 pU0 527 va buddha kA nivANakAla I0 pU0 543 hai / donoM hI nirvANa-kAloM ko unhoMne apane zabdoM meM kevala pAramparika AdhAroM para hI svIkAra kiyA hai| pAramparika mAnyatAeM bhI aitihAsika ho jAtI haiM, yadi unheM anya samarthana mila jAte haiN| para DA0 zAha ne isa apekSA ko adhika mahattva nahIM diyA / paramparAgata ukta tathyoM ko hI mUlabhUta mAnakara unhone samrAT kaniSka taka kI kAla-gaNanA ko ghaTita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / isase bahuta sAre sarvamAnya aitihAsika tathya mI vighaTita ho gaye haiM / udAharaNArtha - candragupta maurya kA I0 pU0 322 kA rAjyAbhiSeka - kAla 1. milinda - paJho / 2. makkhalI gozAla kI mRtyu bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa se 16 varSa pUrva hI ho cukI thI / DA0 zAha ne sAmagAma sutta meM buddha dvArA kiye gaye mahAvIra maraNa ke saMvAdazravaNa ko 'gozAle ke maraNa' ke rUpa meM mAnA hai / DA0 kobI, muni kalyANa vijayajI, DA0 jAyasavAla Adi sabhI ne mahAvIra aura buddha kA jo kAla-krama mAnA hai, una saba meM gozAlaka buddha se pUrva nirvANa prApta hI mAne gaye haiM / * 3. dekheM, 'samasAmAyika dharma-nAyaka' prakaraNa ke antargata 'jIvana paricaya' / 4. isa pustaka para prakAzaka aura prApti sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai / . Nor alone to fix the death-year of Buddha or Mahavira or the coronation dates of Chandragupta and Ashoka, nor to authenticate the Jaina traditional account, but also to reconstruct the chronology of the whole history of Northern India from Ajatasatru to Kaniska is the aim of this book; because, chronology is not one or two dates, but the record of the whole chain of event in time order. -Chronological Problems, preface p. 1 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 aitihAsika kSetra kA eka sarva-sammata tathya hai, jise itihAsakAroM ne usa dhuMdhale yuga meM jhAMkane ke lie eka prakAza-stambha (Light house) mAnA hai| kintu DA0 zAha ke anusAra vaha samaya I0 pU0 317 kA A jAtA hai / jahAM taka mahAvIra ke nirvANa-kAla kA prazna hai, pAramparika aura aitihAsika donoM hI AdhAroM se I0 pU0 527 sunizcita hai / buddha kA nirvANa-kAla I0 pU0 543 silonI paramparA ke AdhAra para hai aura vaha aitihAsika avalokana meM sahI nahIM utrtaa| itihAsakAroM kI dRSTi meM pUrva aura pazcima ke anekAneka itihAsakAroM ne mahAvIra aura buddha kI samasAmayikatA para bahuta kucha likhA hai| una sabakA eka-eka kara ullekha kara pAnA sambhava nahIM hai, para yahAM eka aise samullekha ko uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai, jo itihAsa kI vartamAna dhArA kA niSkarSa mAnA jA sakatA hai| DaoN0 Ara0 sI0 majUmadAra, DaoN0 eca0 sI. rAyacaudharI tathA DaoN0 ke0 ke0 datta dvArA likhita An Advanced History of India nAmaka grantha meM prastuta viSaya para paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| gyAraha sau se bhI adhika pRSThoM kA yaha grantha vartamAna meM bhAratavarSa ke vizvavidyAlayoM meM snAtakottara parIkSArthiyoM ke lie pAThya-grantha ke rUpa meM nirdhArita hai| isa grantha ke Ancient India khaNDa meM mahAvIra-nirvANa ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai : "kahA jAtA hai, yaha ghaTanA mauryoM se 215 varSa pUrva tathA vikrama se 470 varSa 1. The event is said to have happened 215 year before the Mauryas, and 470 years before Vikrama. This is usually taken to refer to 528 B.C. But 468 B.C. is preferred by some modern scholars. who rely on a tradition recorded by the Jain monk Hemchandra that the interval between Mahavira's death and the accession of Chandragupta Maurya was 155, and not 215 years. The latter date does not accord with the explicit statement found in some of the earliest Buddhist texts that Mahavira predeceased Buddha. The earlier date is also best with difficulties. In the first place it is at variance with the testimony of He mchandra, who places Mahavira's Nirvana only 155 years before Chadragupta Maurya. Again some Jain texts place the Niryana 470 years before the birth of Vikrama, the Vikrama and not his accession, and as this event according to the Jains, does not coincide with the foundation of era of 58 B.C. attributed to Vikrama, the date 528 B.C. for Mahavira's death can hardly be accepted as representing unanimous tradition. Certain Jain writers assume an interval of 18 years between the birth of Vikrama and the foundation of the era 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA Fil-fTOT pUrva ghaTita huI thI, jise sAdhAraNatayA I0 pU0 528 batAyA jAtA hai| kintu kucha Adhunika vidvAn isa ghaTanA ke I0 pU0 468 meM ghaTita hone kA samarthana karate haiM / usakA AdhAra jainamuni hemacandra dvArA pratipAdita vaha paramparA hai, jisake anusAra mahAvIra-nirvANa aura candragupta maurya ke rAjyArohaNa kA antara 155 varSa hai, na ki 215 varSa / I0 pU0 468 kI yaha tArIkha kucha eka prAcInatama bauddha-zAstroM meM spaSTatayA ullikhita isa kathana ke sAtha saMgata nahIM hotI ki mahAvIra buddha se pUrva hI nirvANa-prApta ho cuke the| I0pU0 528 kI tithi bhI kaThinAiyoM se pare nahIM hai| sarvaprathama to hemacandra ke isa ullekha se usakA virodha hai ki candra attributed to him and thereby seek to reconcil the Jain tradition about the date of Mahavira's Nirvana (58+18+470=546 B.C.) with the Ceylonese date of the great decease of Buddha (544 B.C.) But the suggestion can hardly be said to rest on any reliable tradition. Merutunga places the death of the last Jina or Tirthankara 470 years before the end of Saka rule and the victory, and not the birth of the traditional Vikrama. The date 528 B.C. for the Nirvana of the Inatrika teacher can to a certain extent be reconciled with the Cantonese date of the death of Buddha (486 B.C.). But then we shall have to assume that Mahavira died shortly after Buddha's enlightenment, forty-five years before the Parinirvana, when the letter could hardly have become a renowned religious teacher of long standing as the Buddhist (canonical) texts would lead us to believe. Certain Jaina Sutras seem to suggest that Mahavira died about sixteen years after the accession of Ajatsatru and the commencement of his wars with hostile neighboures. This would place the Nirvana of the Jain teacher eight years after Buddha's death, as according to the Ceylonese chronicles, Buddha died 8 years after the enthronement of Ajatsatru. The Nirvana of the Tirthankara would, according to this view, fall in 478 B.C., if we accept the cantonese reckoning (486 B.C.) as our basis, and in 538 B.C., if we prefer the Ceylonese epoch. The date 478 B.C. would almost coincide with that to which the testimony of Hemchandra leads us and place the accession of Chandra Gupta Maurya in 323 B.C. which cannot be far from truth. But the result in respect of Mahayira himself is at variance with the clear evidence of the Buddhist canonical texts, which make the Buddha survive his Inatrika rival. The Jain statement that their Tirthankara dieds some sixteen years after the accession of Kunika (Ajatsatru) can be reconciled with the Buddhist tradition about the death of 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana gupta maurya ke 155 varSa pUrva mahAvIra kA nirvANa huA thaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki kucha jaina granthoM ke anusAra mahAvIra kA nirvANa vikrama ke rAjyArohaNa se nahIM, apitu janma se 470 varSa pUrva huA thaa| unake anusAra vikrama-janma kI ghaTanA kA sambandha I0 pU0 58 meM sthApita vikrama saMvat se nahIM hai, isalie I0 pU0 528 kI tArIkha mahAvIra-nirvANa ke lie nirvirodha paramparA ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kI jA sktii| kucha jaina lekhaka vikrama ke janma aura vikrama sambat kI sthApanA ke bIca 18 varSa kA antara mAna lete haiM aura isa prakAra jaina paramparA se sambandhita mahAvIra-nirvANa kI tArIkha (58+18+ 470 = I0 pU0 546) ko laMkAvAsiyoM dvArA mAnya buddha-nirvANa kI tArIkha I0 pU0 544 ke sAtha saMgati biThAnA cAhate haiM, kintu yaha sujhAva bhI kisI prAmANika paramparA para AdhArita nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / mestaMga ke anusAra antima jina arthAt tIrthaGkara kA nirvANa pAramparika vikrama ke janma se nahIM, apitu usakI vijaya tathA zaka rAjya kI samApti se 470 varSa pUrva huA thaa| jJAtapUtra ke nirvANa kI I0 pU0 528 kI tArIkha kI buddha ke nirvANa kI kainTanIja tArIkha (I0 pU0 486) ke sAtha kucha aMzoM meM saMgati biThAI jA sakatI hai| parantu taba hameM yaha mAnanA par3egA ki buddha ke bodhi-lAbha ke thor3e hI samaya pazcAt va unake nirvANa se 45* varSa pUrva hI mahAvIra kA nirvANa ho jAtA hai tathA yaha bhI nahIM ho sakatA ki usa samaya buddha eka dIrghakAlIna prasiddha dhArmika AcArya bana gae hoM; jaisA ki bauddha-zAstra hameM mAnane ko bAdhita karate haiN| kucha jaina sUtra aisA batAte haiM ki ajAtazatru ke rAjyArohaNa tathA usake apane par3osI zatruoM ke sAtha yuddha prArambha hone ke solaha varSa bAda mahAvIra kA nirvANa huaa| isase to mahAvIranirvANa buddha-nirvANa se 8 varSa bAda hogA, kyoMki laMkA kI gAthAoM (Chronicles) ke anusAra buddha ajAtazatru ke rAjyArohaNa ke 8 varSa bAda nirvANa-prApta hue| isa dRSTikoNa ke anusAra tIrthakara mahAvIra kA nirvANa I0 pU0 478 meM hogA, yadi hama kainTanIjaparamparA (I0 pU0 486) ko svIkAra kareM; aura yadi laMkA kI paramparA (I0 pU0 544) ko svIkAra kareM to I0 pU0 536 meM hogaa| I0 pU0 478 kI tArIkha hemacandra ke ullekha ke sAtha lagabhaga mela khAtI hai tathA isake AdhAra para candragupta maurya kA rAjyArohaNa I0 pU0 323 meM ThaharatA hai, jo asatya nahIM ho sktaa| kintu svayaM mahAvIra ke sambandha meM yaha niSkarSa bauddha-zAstroM ke usa spaSTa pramANa ke sAtha kucha bhI mela nahIM khAtA, jo buddha ko apane jJAtrika pratispardhI (mahAvIra) ke bAda bhI jIvita batAte haiN| jaina paramparA ke anusAra 'tIrthakara mahAvIra kA nirvANa ajAtazatru ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke lagabhaga solaha varSa bAda huaa|' the same teacher before the eighth year of Ajatsatru, if we assume that the Jains, who refer to Kunika as the ruler of Champa, begin their reckoning from the accession of the prince to the viceregal throne of Champa while the Buddhist make the accession of Ajastsatru to the royal throne of Rajgriha the basis of their calculation." * yahAM 42 varSa honA caahie| lagatA hai, bhUla se 45 varSa chapA hai ; kyoMki I0 pU0 528 aura I0pU0 486 bIca 42 varSa kA antara hai| 45 varSa mAnane se to buddha ko mahAvIranirvANa ke samaya bodhi-lAma bhI nahIM ho sktaa| ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA kAla-nirNaya 66 bauddha paramparA kI mAnyatA hai - 'ajAtazatru ke rAjya-kAla ke 8veM varSa se pUrva hI buddha kA nirvANa huaa|' ina donoM mAnyatAoM kI saMgati tabhI ho sakatI hai, jaba ki yaha mAnA jAye ki koNika ko campA kA rAjA mAnane vAlI jaina-gaNanA kA prArambha koNika ke campA-zAkhA ke rAjyAbhiSeka se huA hai aura bauddha-gaNanA kA prArambha rAjagRha ke rAjyAbhiSeka se huA ukta vivecana meM vizeSa dhyAna dene kI eka bAta yaha bhI hai ki vartamAna ke ina itihAsa vizeSajJoM ne DaoN0 jekobI aura zArpenTiyara dvArA mAne gaye mahAvIra aura buddha ke nirvANa-sambandhI kAla-krama ko koI mAnyatA nahIM dI hai : isakA mUlabhUta kAraNa yahI hai ki taba se aba taka aitihAsika dhAraNAoM meM aneka abhinava unmeSa A cuke haiN| tInoM itihAsakAroM ne mahAvIra ke nirvANa-prasaMga ke sambandha meM do tathyoM ko mUlabhUta mAnA hai aura etadviSayaka nirNaya meM unakI surakSA pUrNa apekSita mAnI hai| eka to mahAvIranirvANa ke tIna tithi-kramoM meM se unhoMne I0 pU0 528 ke tithi-krama ko sarvAdhika vizvasta mAnA hai| dUsarA tathya bauddha piTakoM meM Ane vAle mahAvIra ke nirvANa-sambandhI sammullekha hai| 'mahAvIra kA nirvANa buddha se pUrva huA, yaha to unhoMne nizcita mAnA hI hai aura aise tithi-krama kI apekSA vyakta kI hai, jo ina tathyoM ko sAtha lekara cala sake / ukta vivecana meM alpatA kI bAta yaha rahI hai ki yahAM jIvana-prasaMgoM ko to saMgati dene kA prayanna kiyA gayA hai, para unake sAtha kisI bhI kAla-krama ko saMgata karane kA paryApta prayAsa nahIM kiyA gyaa| kAlakrama kI dRSTi se mahAvIra-nirvANa unhoMne I0 pU0 528 mAnA hai aura buddha-nirvANa ko kainTanIja-paramparA ke anusAra I0 pU0486 mAnA hai| aisI sthiti meM mahAvIra aura buddha kA vyavadhAna 42 varSa kA par3a jAtA hai| itane vyavadhAna ke rahate mahAvIra aura buddha ke jIvanaprasaMgoM meM koI saMgati nahIM baiTha sktii| apekSA hai, aise kAla-krama ko apanAne kI, jo una jIvanta jIvana-prasaMgoM ke sAtha saMgata ho ske| anusaMdhAna aura niSkarSa sarvAGgINa dRSTi mahAvIra aura buddha kI samasAmayikatA aura unake nirvANa kA prazna pahale pahala upalabdha itihAsa ke kevala sAmAnya tathyoM para hala kiyA jAne lagA thA; phira kucha vidvAnoM ne bauddha piTakoM kI taha meM jAkara isa viSaya kA anusandhAna Arambha kiyA to kucha vidvAnoM ne jaina zAstroM kI taha meM jAkara / sAmAnya itihAsa jahAM AgamoM aura tripiTakoM kI puTa pAe binA apUrNa thA, vahAM AgamoM aura tripiTakoM kI ekAMgI chAna-bIna ne sAre viSaya para kucha sAmpradAyika raMga lA diyaa| kucha eka logoM ne bauddha piTakoM ko akSarazaH pramANa mAnA aura jaina AgamoM ko sAdhAraNatayA; to kucha eka logoM ne jaina AgamoM ko akSarazaH pramANa mAnA va bauddha piTakoM ko sAdhAraNatayA / yaha aitihAsika paddhati nahIM ho sakatI / prastuta viSaya ke sarvAGgINa niSkarSa taka pahu~cane ke lie sAmAnya aitihAsika AdhAroM, bauddha piTakoM ke sammullekhoM aura jaina AgamoM ke nirUpaNoM ko santulita rakhate hue hI kucha socanA hogA / isa viSaya meM hameM yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki Agama aura tripiTaka kramazaH jaina aura bauddha 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 paramparAoM meM mUla rUpa se pramANa mAne jAte haiN| uttaravartI grantha vahIM taka pramANa haiM, jahAM taka ki ve una maulika zAstroM kA sAtha dete haiM / 70 mahAvIra aura buddha kI samasAmayikatA para vicAra karane meM anekAneka AghAra upalabdha hote haiM, kintu una sabameM bhI sAkSAt, spaSTa aura anantara pramANa bauddha piTakoM kA hai / ataH Avazyaka hai, bauddha piTakoM ke una prakaraNoM para eka-eka kara vicAra kiyA jAye / nirvANa prasaMga jina prakaraNoM meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa kI carcA kI hai, ve kramaza: isa prakAra haiM : 1 ( 1 ) bhagavAn zAkya deza meM sAmagAma meM vihAra kara rahe the / nigaNTha nAtaputta kI kucha hI samaya pUrva pAvA meM mRtyu huI thI / unakI mRtyu ke anantara hI nigaNThoM meM phUTa ho gaI, do pakSa ho gae, lar3AI cala rahI thI aura kalaha ho rahA thA / nigaSTha eka dUsare ko vacana - bANoM se bIMdhate hue vivAda kara rahe the - ' tuma isa dharma - vinaya ko nahIM jAnate, maiM isa dharmavinaya ko jAnatA hU~ / tuma malA isa dharma - vinaya ko kyA jAnoge ? tuma mithyA pratipanna ho, maiM samyak prapanna hU~ | merA kahanA sArthaka, tumhArA kahanA nirarthaka hai / jo bAta pahale kahanI cAhie thI, vaha tumane pIche kahI / jo pIche kahanI cAhie thI, vaha tumane pahale kahI / tumhArA vivAda binA vicAra kA ulTA hai / tumane vAda ropA hai, tuma nigraha sthAna meM A gaye / tuma isa AkSepa se bacane ke lie yatna karo, yadi zakti hai to ise suljhaao|' mAno nigaNThoM meM yuddha ho rahA thA / 1 nigaNTha nAtaputta ke zveta vastradhArI gRhastha ziSya bhI nAtaputtIya nigaNThoM meM vaise hI virakta-citta ho rahe the, jaise nAtaputta ke durAkhyAta, duSpravedita, anairyANika, an-upazamasaMvartanika, a-samyak sambuddha pravedita, pratiSThA rahita, bhinna stUpa, Azraya-rahita dharma meM anyamanaska, khinna aura virakta ho rahe the / cunda saraNuddesa pAvA meM varSAvAsa kara sAmagAma meM AyuSmAn Ananda ke pAsa gaye aura unheM nigaNTha nAtaputta kI mRtyu tathA niganThoM meM parivyApta phUTa kI vistRta sUcanA dI / AyuSmAna Ananda bole - " Avusa cunda ! yaha kathA bheMTa rUpa hai / hama bhagavAna ke pAsa caleM aura unase yaha nivedita kareM / " AyuSmAn Ananda aura cunda samaNuddesa bhagavAn ke pAsa Aye / abhivAdana kara donoM hI eka ora baiTha gaye / AyuSmAn Ananda ne bhagavAn ko nivedita kiyA "bhante ! cunda samaddesa aisA kaha rahe haiM ki nigaSTha nAtaputta abhI-abhI ( kucha hI dina pUrva hI ) mRtyu ko prApta hue haiM / unake saMgha meM bhayaMkara vigraha ho rahA hai| sabhI zramaNa eka dUsare para AkSepapratyAkSepa kara rahe haiM / bhante ! mujhe bhI aisA anubhava hotA hai ki bhagavAn ke bAda bhI saMgha meM kahIM aisA vigraha utpanna na ho jAye / vaha vivAda bahuta janoM ke asukha ke lie, bahuta janoM ke anartha ke lie, deva- manuSyoM ke ahita aura duHkha ke lie hogA / ' bhagavAn ne prazna kiyA - "Ananda ! sAkSAtkAra kara maiMne jina dharmoM kA upadeza kiyA hai, kyA ina dharmoM meM do bhikSuoM kI bhI mata- bhinnatA dikhalAI detI hai ?" AyuSmAn Ananda ne nivedana kiyA--"bhante ! bhagavAn ne dharma-sAkSAtkAra 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA kAla-nirNaya kara jo upadeza kiye haiM, unameM kisI bhI bhikSuka kI maiM mata-minnatA nahIM dekhtaa| kintu, jo pudgala bhagavAn ke Azraya se viharate haiM, bhagavAn ke na rahane ke bAda saMgha meM jIvikA ke viSaya meM, prAtimokSa (bhikSu-niyama) ke viSaya meM ve vivAda utpanna kara sakate haiN| vaha vivAda bahutajanoM ke ahita ke lie, asukha ke lie, anartha ke lie, deva-manuSyoM ke ahita aura duHkha ke lie hogaa|' (2) bhagavAn buddha eka samaya zAkya deza meM vedhajA nAmaka zAkyoM ke Amra-vanaprAsAda meM vihAra kara rahe the| niNTha nAtaputta kI kucha hI samaya pUrva pAvA meM mRtyu huI thii| unakI mRtyu ke anantara hI nigaNThoM meM phUTa ho gaI, do pakSa ho gaye, lar3AI cala rahI thI aura kalaha ho rahA thaa| nigaNTha eka dUsare ko vacana-vANoM se bIMdhate hue vivAda kara rahe the-'tuma isa dharma-vinaya ko nahIM jAnate, maiM isa dharma-vinaya ko jAnatA huuN| tuma bhalA isa dharma-vinaya ko kyA jAnoge ? tuma mithyA-pratipanna ho, maiM samyak pratipanna hN| merA kahanA sArthaka hai, tamhArA kahanA nirarthaka hai| jo bAta pahale kahanI cAhiye thI, vaha tumane pIche khii| jo pIche kahanI cAhie thI, vaha tumane tumane pahale khii| tumhArA vivAda binA vicAra kA ulTA hai / tumane vAda ropA hai, tuma nigraha-sthAna meM A gye| tuma isa AkSepa se bacane ke lie yatna karo, yadi zakti hai to ise suljhaao|" mAnoM nigaNThoM meM yuddha ho rahA thaa| - nigaNTha nAtaputta ke zveta vastradhArI gRhastha ziSya bhI nAtaputtIya nigaNThoM meM vaise hI virakta-citta ho rahe the, jaise nAtaputta ke durAkhyAta, duSpravedita, anairyANika, ana-upazamasaMvartanika, a-samyak-sambuddha-pravedita, pratiSThA-rahita, bhinna-stUpa, Azraya-rahita dharma meM anyamanaska, khinna aura virakta ho rahe the| cunda samaNuddesa pAvA meM varSAvAsa kara sAmagAma meM AyuSmAn Ananda ke pAsa gaye aura unheM nigaNTha nAtaputta kI mRtyu tathA nigaNThoM meM parivyApta phUTa kI vistRta sUcanA dii| AyuSmAn Ananda bole-"Avusa cunda ! yaha kathA bheMTa rUpa hai / hama bhagavAna ke pAsa caleM aura unase yaha nivedana kreN|" AyuSmAn Ananda aura cunda samaNuddesa bhagavAn ke pAsa Aye / abhivAdana kara donoM hI eka ora baiTha gye| AyuSmAn Ananda ne bhagavAn ko nivedana kiyA-bhante ! cunda samaNuddesa aisA kaha rahe haiM ki nigaNTha nAtaputta abhI-abhI (kucha dina pUrva hI) mRtyu ko prApta hue haiN| unake saMgha meM bhayaMkara vigraha ho rahA hai / sabhI zramaNa eka dUsare para AkSepa-pratyAkSepa kara rahe haiM / bhante ! mujhe bhI aisA anubhava hotA hai ki bhagavAn ke bAda bhI saMgha meM kahIM aisA vigraha utpanna na ho jaaye| vaha vivAda bahuta janoM ke ahita ke lie, bahuta janoM ke asukha ke lie, bahuta janoM ke anartha ke lie, deva-manuSyoM ke ahita aura du:kha ke lie hogaa|" ___ bhagavAn buddha ne kahA-"cunda ! jahAM zAstA samyak sambuddha nahIM hotA, dharma durAkhyAta hotA hai, vahAM kyA nahIM ho sakatA ? ataH cunda ! jisa dharma ko maiMne sAkSAtkAra kara tumheM upadeza kiyA hai, use sabhI milajulakara ThIka samajheM, vivAda na kareM !"3 (3) pAvA-vAsI malloM kA unnata va navIna saMsthAgAra unhIM dinoM banA thaa| taba 1. majjhima nikAya, sAmagAma suttanta, 3-1-4 / 2. dIgha nikAya, pAsAdika sutta, 3-6 / 2010_05

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73 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka zanuzIlana [khaNDa :1 taka vahAM kisI zramaNa-brAhmaNa ne vAsa nahIM kiyA thaa| bhagavAn buddha malla meM cArikA karate hue pAvA pahuMce aura cunda kAra-putra ke Amra-vana meM tthhre| jaba pAvA-vAsI malloM ko isakI sUcanA huI, to ve unheM apane saMsthAgAra ke abhimaMtrita karane ke lie aaye| unhoMne nivedana kiyA- "saMsthAgAra kA sarvaprathama Apa hI paribhoga kreN| usake anantara usakA hama paribhoga kreNge| yaha hamAre dIrgharAtra taka hita-sukha ke lie hogaa|" buddha ne mauna raha kara svIkRti dI / malla vApasa zahara meM aaye| unhoMne saMsthAgAra ko acchI taraha sjaayaa| saba jagaha pharza bichAyA aura Asana sthApita kiye| pAnI ke maTake rakhe aura dIpaka jlaaye| buddha ke pAsa Aye aura unheM sUcita kiyaa| buddha pAtra-cIvara lekara bhikSa-saMgha ke sAtha saMsthAgAra meM aaye| pAvA-vAsI malloM ko buddha ne bahuta rAta taka dhArmika kathA se saMdarzita, samuttejita aura saMgraharSita kara vijita kiyaa| bhikSu-saMgha ko tuSNIbhUta dekha kara bhagavAn ne sAriputta ko AmaMtrita kiyA aura nirdeza diyA--"sAriputta ! bhikSu-saMgha styAnamRddha-rahita hai / tuma unheM dharma-kathA kaho / merI pITha agiyA rahI hai, maiM lettuuNgaa|" / sAriputta ne buddha kA nirdeza zirodhArya kiyaa| caupetI saMghATI bichavA, dAhinI karavaTa ke bala, paira para paira rakha, smRti-saMprajanya ke sAtha utthAna-saMjJA mana meM kara siMha-zayyA lgaaii| nigaNTha nAtaputta kI kucha hI samaya pUrva pAvA meM mRtyu huI thii| unake kAla karane se nigaNThoM meM phUTa par3a gaI aura do pakSa ho gye| donoM vivAda meM par3a, eka-dUsare para AkSepa-pratyAkSepa karate hue kaha rahe the- 'tU isa dharma-vinaya ko nahIM jAnatA, maiM isa dharma ko jAnatA huuN|' tU isa dharma ko kyA jAnegA ?' 'tU mithyArUr3ha hai, maiM satyArUr3ha huuN|' 'merA kathana artha-sahita hai, terA nahIM hai|' 'tUne pahale kahane kI bAta pIche kahI aura pIche kahane kI bAta pahale khii|' 'terA vivAda binA vicAra kA ulTA hai| tU ne vAda Arambha kiyA, kintu,nigRhIta ho gyaa|' 'isa vAda se bacane ke lie idhara-udhara bhttke|' 'yadi isa bAda ko sameTa sakatA hai, to. sameTa / ' nigaNThoM meM mAnoM yuddha hI ho rahA thaa| nigaNTha, nAtaputta ke zveta vastradhArI gRhastha ziSya bhI nAtaputtIya nigaNThoM meM vaise hI virakta citta ho rahe the, jaise ki ve nAtaputta ke durAkhyAta, duSpravedita, a-nairyANika, an-upazama-saMvartanika, a-samyak-sambuddha-pravedita, pratiSThA-rahita, Azraya-rahita dharma meM hai| AyuSmAna sAriputta ne bhikSuoM ko AmaMtrita kiyA aura unheM nigaNTha nAtaputta kI mRtyu kA saMvAda tathA nigaNThoM kI phUTa kI vistRta jAnakArI dete hue kahA-"hamAre bhagavAn kA yaha dharma su-AkhyAta, supravedita, nairyANika, upazama-saMvartanika, samyak-sambuddha-pravedita hai| yahAM sabako hI aviruddha bhASI honA caahie| vivAda nahIM karanA cAhie, jisase ki yaha brahmacarya adhvanika (cirasthAyI) ho aura bahujana-hitArtha, bahujana-sukhArtha, loka anukampA ke lie tathA deva va manaSyoM ke hita va sakha ke lie ho|" bhagavAn buddha ne dUra se sAriputta kA upadeza-prakAra sunaa| ve tatkAla uTha gye| unhoMne AyuSmAn sAriputta ko amaMtrita kiyA aura kahA- "sAriputta ! sAriputta ! tUne bhikSaoM ko acche saMgIti-paryAya (ekatA kA DhaMga) kA upadeza diyA hai|" AyuSmAn sAriputta ne kahA- "zAstA isase sahamata hue, mujhe isakI prasannatA hai| anya bhikSuoM ne bhI AyuSmAn sAriputta ke bhASaNa kA abhivAdana kiyA / " 1. dIgha nikAya, saMgIti-pariyAya sutta, 3-10-1, 2, 3 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] kAla-nirNaya 73 ukta tInoM prakaraNoM kI AtmA eka hai aura unake Upara kA DhAMcA kucha bhinna hai / prathama prakaraNa meM buddha isa saMvAda -zravaNa ke bAda Ananda ko upadeza karate haiM aura dUsare meM cunda ko; donoM upadezoM kA zabda - vinyAsa kucha bhinna hai, para sujhAva eka hI hai / pahale aura dUsare meM yaha saMvAda buddha sAmagAma' meM sunate haiM aura vahIM upadeza karate haiN| tIsare prakaraNa meM sAriputra pAvA meM bhikSuoM ko mahAvIra - nirvANa kI bAta kahakara upadeza karate haiM / kucha eka lekhakoM ne mAnA hai ki ina prakaraNoM meM virodhAbhAsa hai; ataH ye prAmANika nahIM hone caahie| vastusthiti yaha hai - itihAsa kisI bhI zAstra ke sammullekha ko akSarazaH mAnakara nahIM calA karatA / kisI bhI sammullekha kA mUla hArda yadi asaMdigdha hai, to itihAsa use le letA hai| saca bAta to yaha hai ki tInoM prakaraNoM ke antara paraspara virodhI hoM, esI bAta bhI nahIM hai / pahale prakaraNa meM upadeza-pAtra Ananda ko aura dUsare prakaraNa meM cunda ko jo batAyA gayA hai, usake aneka buddhi-gamya kAraNa ho sakate haiN| ho sakatA hai, donoM ne vaha upadeza eka sAtha hI zravaNa kiyA ho aura saMkalanakAroM ne apanI-apanI buddhi se eka-eka ko mahattva de diyA ho| ho sakatA hai, yaha kiMcit kAlAntara se buddha ne donoM ko pRthak-pRthak upadeza diyA ho / tIsarA prakaraNa apane Apa meM svataMtra hai hI tathA vaha to pratyuta pahale do prakaraNoM kA aura puSTikAraka bana jAtA hai / pAvA meM yaha ghaTanA ghaTita huI thI; ataH pAvA meM Ane para sAriputra kA usa ghaTanA . ko yAda karanA nitAnta svAbhAvika hI ho sakatA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa prasaMga para anuyAyiyoM meM mata-bheda kI carcA tInoM hI prakaraNoM meM kI gaI hai / jaina paramparA isa bAta kI koI spaSTa sAkSI nahIM detii| ho sakatA hai, bhagavAn mahAvIra ke uttarAdhikAratva ke viSaya meM paraspara cintana calA ho / indrabhUti ( gautama svAmI) prathama gaNadhara the / sAmAnyatayA uttarAdhikAra unheM milanA cAhie thA / para vaha paMcama gaNadhara sudharmA svAmI ko yaha kaha kara milA ki kevalI tIrthaGkaroM ke uttarAfdhakArI nahIM banate / sambhava hai, yaha cintana bhI usa niSkarSa se nikalA ho / yaha bhI asambhava to nahIM mAnA jA sakatA ki gautama svAmI ke anuyAyI sAdhuoM aura sudharmA svAmI ke anuyAyI sAdhuoM meM isI viSaya para yatkicit vivAda na huA ho / isakI tanika sI jhalaka hameM isa bAta se bhI milatI hai ki zvetAmbara- paramparAoM meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara sudharmA svAmI ko mAnA jAtA hai, jaba ki digambara- paramparAoM meM gautama svAmI ko magavAn mahAvIra kA prathama paTTadhara mAnA jAtA hai / bauddha prakaraNoM meM jo, zveta vastradhArI' zabda AyA hai, vaha bhI 'acela ' aura ' sacela' nirgranthoM ke saMgharSa ko iMgita karatA hai / " ho sakatA hai, bauddhoM ne ukta tInoM prakaraNoM ko bahuta bar3hAvA de diyA ho| yaha hotA hai ki eka sampradAya kI tanika-sI ghaTanA ko pratispardhI sampradAya ke loga atiraMjita karake hI bahudhA vyakta karate haiM / 1. vevaJyA nAmaka zakya sAmagAma meM rahate the tathA bANa vedha ke jJAtA the; ata: "vedhajJa" kahA gayA hai / draSTavya, Dictionary or Pali Proper Names, vol II, P. 924. 2. ukta samAdhAna AnumAnika hai, kintu jo saMketa isase ubhare haiM, ho sakatA hai, gaharAI meM jAne se zvetAmbara aura digambara ke bheda kA mUla bhI yahIM-kahIM nikala jAye / zodhazIla vicArakoM ke lie yaha dhyAtavya hai / 2010_05

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74 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana zrI dharmAnanda kosambI ne jaina AgamoM meM varNita gozAlaka ke nyUnatA sUcaka varNana ko bahuta hI atiraMjita mAnA hai / ' DaoN. jekobI ne ukta prakaraNoM ko isalie bhI aprAmANika mAnA hai ki inameM se koI samullekha mahAparinigvANasuta meM nahIM hai, jisameM ki bhagavAn buddha ke antima jIvanaprasaMgoM kA byaurA milatA hai| DaoN0 jekobI ke isa tarka se yaha to pramANita nahIM hotA ki ye tInoM prakaraNa asaMgata haiM; kintu yaha avazya pramANita ho jAtA hai ki ye prakaraNa buddha-nirvANasamaya ke nikaTa ke nahIM haiM / muni kalyANavijayajI ne ukta tInoM prakaraNoM ko eka bhrAnti mAtra kA pariNAma mAnA hai| unhoMne jahAM mahAvIra ke nirvANa prasaMga ko unakI rugNAvasthA meM huI aphavAha mAnA hai, vahIM unhoMne nirvANantara batAye gaye nirgranthoM ke pArasparika kalaha ko jamAli kI ghaTanA ke sAtha jor3A hai| unakA kahanA hai: "nirgranthoM ke dvaidhIbhAva aura eka dUsare kI khaTapaTa kA bauddhoM ne jo varNana kiyA hai, vaha bhagavatI sUtra meM varNita jamAli saura gautama indrabhUti ke vivAda kA vikRta svarUpa hai / " bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAtha gozAlaka kA vivAda zrAvastI nagarI meM hotA hai aura jamAli va indrabhUti kA zAstrArthaM campA nagarI meM hotA hai| ina donoM ghaTanAoM kena kSetra eka haiM, na kAla eka tathA na ina ghaTanAoM meM paraspara koI viSaya kA bhI sambandha hai / aisI sthiti meM yaha saMgati ukta tInoM prakaraNoM ko bhrAnti mAtra pramANita karane meM yatkiM - cit bhI samartha nahIM hai / tInoM prakaraNoM meM nirvANa tathA vivAda kA pAvA meM ghaTita hone kA spaSTa ullekha hai / zrAvastI aura campA kI ghaTanAoM kA vahA~ kyA sambandha jur3a sakatA hai ? bhagavAn mahAvIra jaise yugapuruSoM kI nirvANa kI koI asatya bAta uThe aura vaha cirakAla taka calatI hI rahe, yaha kaise sambhava ho sakatA hai ? kAlAntara se sAriputra pAvA meM hI Akara usa ghaTanA ko doharAte haiN| taba taka yadi mahAvIra kA nirvANa huA hI nahIM thA unako yaha avagati nahIM ho gaI hotI ? kinhIM udantoM kA aisA kahA jA sakatA / 1. dekheM, pArzvanAtha kA cAturyAma dharma / 2. zramaNa, varSa 13, aMka 6, pR0 13 | 3. vIra - nirvANa samvat aura jaina kAla-gaNanA, pR0 12-13 / 4. bhagavatI sUtra, zataka 6, u0 33 / [ khaNDa 2010_05 : 1 ina tInoM prakaraNoM kI vAstavikatA meM hameM isalie bhI sandeha nahIM karanA cAhie ki jaina AgamoM meM mahAvIra nirvANa ke sambandha meM koI virodhI ullekha nahIM mila rahA hai / jaina AgamoM meM yadi mahAvIra aura buddha ke nirvANa kI pUrvAparatA ke sambandha meM koI spaSTa ullekha hotA to hameM una tIna prakaraNoM kI vAstavikatA meM phira bhI sandeha ho sakatA thA / bauddha-zAstroM meM bhI tIna prakaraNoM ke atirikta aisA koI mI cauthA prakaraNa hotA, jo mahAvIra - nirvANa se pUrva buddha-nirvANa kI bAta kahatA, to hameM gambhIratA se socanA hotA / jo prakaraNa apane Apa meM asaMdigdha haiM, unheM tathya- nirNaya ke lie pramANabhUta mAna lenA jarA bhI asaMgata nahIM hai / to kyA pAvA ke logoM se sAmaJjasya 'saMgati' nahIM

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] mahAvIra kI jyeSThatA ukta tIna prakaraNoM ke atirikta aura bhI aneka aise prasaMga bauddha sAhitya meM upalabdha hote haiM, jo buddha kA choTA honA aura mahAvIra kA jyeSTha honA pramANita karate haiM / aba taka ke adhikAMza vidvAnoM ne kevala ukta tIna prakaraNoM para hI AloDana- viloDana kiyA hai / tatsambandhI anya prasaMgoM para na jAne unakA dhyAna kyoM nahIM gayA, jinameM buddha svayaM apane ko tAtkAlika sabhI dharmanAyakoM meM choTA svIkAra karate haiM / ve prakaraNa kramaza: nimna haiM: kAla-nirNaya (1) eka bAra bhagavAn buddha zrAvastI meM anAthapiNDika ke jetavana meM vihAra kara rahe the / rAjA prasenajit kauzala bhagavAn ke pAsa gayA, kuzala prazna pUche aura jijJAsA vyakta kI-- "gautama ! kyA Apa bhI adhikAra- pUrvaka yaha kahate haiM, Apane anuttara samyag sambodhi ko prApta kara liyA hai ?" bhagavAn ne uttara diyA- "mahArAja ! yadi koI kisI ko sacamuca samyag kahe, to vaha mujhe hI kaha sakatA hai / maiMne hI anuttara samyag sambodhi kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai / " rAjA prasenajit kauzala ne kahA - "gautama ! dUsare zramaNa-brAhmaNa, jo saMgha ke adhipati, gaNAdhipati, gaNAcArya, prasiddha, yazasvI, tIrthaMkara aura bahujana sammata pUraNakassapa, makkhali gozAla, nigaNTha nAtaputta, saMjaya velaTThiputta, pakudha kaccAyana, ajita kesakambalI Adi se bhI aisA pUchA jAne para, anuttara samyag sambodhi prApti kA adhikAra - pUrvaka kathana nahIM karate haiM / Apa to alpavayaska va sadyaH pravrajita haiM; phira yaha kaise kaha sakate haiM ? buddha ne kahA - "kSatriya, sarpa, agni va bhikSu kI alpa vayaska samajhakara kabhI bhI unakA paribhava va apamAna nahIM karanA cAhie | kulIna, uttama, yazasvI kSatriya ko alpa vayaska samajhanA bhUla hai / ho sakatA hai, samayAntara se vaha rAjya prApta kara manuSyoM kA indra ho jAye aura usake bAda tiraskartA kA rAja daNDa ke dvArA pratizodha le| apane jIvana kI rakSA ke lie isase bacanA Avazyaka hai| gAMva ho yA araNya, sarpa ko bhI choTA nahIM samajhanA cAhie / sarpa nAnA rUpoM se teja meM vicaratA hai / samaya pAkara vaha nara, nArI, bAlaka Adi ko DaMsa sakatA hai / jIvana rakSA ke nimita isase bacanA bhI Avazyaka hai| bahubhakSI kRSNa varmA pAvaka ko dahara nahIM samajhanA caahie| sAmagrI pAkara vaha agni suvistRta hokara nara-nAriyoM ko jalA detI hai; ataH jIvana-rakSA ke nimita isase bacanA bhI Avazyaka hai / agni vana ko jalA detI hai / ahorAtra bItane para vahAM aMkura utpanna ho jAte haiM / kintu, zIla-sampanna bhikSu apane teja se jise jalA DAlatA hai, usake putra, pazu taka bhI nahIM hote| usake dAyAda bhI dhana nahI pAte / vah niHsantAna aura nirdhana sira kaTe tAla vRkSa jaisA ho jAtA hai / ata: paNDita puruSa apane hita kA cintana karatA huA bhujaMga, pAvaka, yazasvI kSatriya aura zIlasampanna bhikSu ke sAtha acchA vyavahAra kareM / ' 75 (2) eka bAra bhagavAn buddha rAjagRha meM veluvana kalandaka nivAsa meM vihAra kara rahe the / samiya parivrAjaka ke eka hitaiSI deva ne use kucha prazna sikhAye aura kahA - "jo zramaNabrAhmaNa ina praznoM kA uttara de, usI ke pAsa tuma brahmacarya svIkAra karanA / " samaya parivrAjaka prAtaH kAla utthaa| vaha saMdhI, gaNI, gaNAcArya, prasiddha, yazasvI, 1. saMyukta nikAya, dahara sutta, 3-1-1 / 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 tIrthakara, bahujana-sammata pUraNakassapa, makkhali gozAla, ajita kesa kambalI, pakudha kaccAyana saMjaya velaTTiputta aura nigaNTha nAtaputta ke pAsa kramazaH gayA aura unase prazna pUche / sabhI tIrthakara usake praznoM kA uttara nahIM de sake; apitu ve kopa, dveSa aura aprasannatA hI vyakta karane lage tathA ulTe usase hI prazna pUchane lge| samiya bahuta asantuSTa huaa| usakA mana nAnA UhApohoM se bhara gayA aura usane nirNaya kiyA-acchA ho, gRhastha hokara sAMsArika Ananda luuttuuN| sabhiya parivrAjaka ke mana meM aisA bhI vicAra utpanna huA-zramaNa gautama bhI saMghI gaNI, gaNAcArya.. bahujana-sammata haiM, kyoM na meM unase bhI ye prazna puuch| usakA mana tatkAla hI AzaMkA se bhara gyaa| usane socA, pUraNa kassapa, makkhali gozAla, ajita kesakambalI, pakudha kaccAyana, saMjaya velaTThiputta aura nigaNTha nAtaputta' jaise jIrNa, vRddha, vayaska, uttarAvasthA ko prApta vayotIta, sthavira, anubhavI, cira pravajita, saMghI, gaNI, gaNAcArya, prasiddha, yazasvI, tIrthaMkara, bahujana-sammAnita zramaNa-brAhmaNa mI mere praznoM kA uttara na de sake; na de sakane para kopa, dveSa va aprasannatA vyakta karate haiM aura mujha se hI inakA uttara pUchate haiN| zramaNa gautama kyA mere ina praznoM kA uttara de sakeMge ? zramaNa gautama to Ayu meM yuvA aura pravrajyA meM navIna'2 haiM / phira bhI zramaNa yuvaka hotA huA bhI mahaddhika aura tejasvI hotA hai; ataH zramaNa gautama se bhI maiM ina praznoM ko pUchU / (3) eka samaya buddha rAjagRha meM jIvaka kaumAra-mRtya ke Amra-vana meM sAr3he bAraha sau bhikSuoM ke bRhad saMdha ke sAtha vihAra kara rahe the| pUrNamAsI ke uposatha kA dina thaa| cAtu sika kaumudI se yukta pUrNimA kI rAta ko, rAjA mAgadha ajAtazatru vaidehIputra, rAja-amAtyoM se ghirA huA, uttama prAsAda para baiThA thA / usa samaya ajAtazatru ne udAna kahA-''aho ! kaisI ramaNIya cAMdanI rAta hai ! kaisI sundara, darzanIya, prAsAdika va lAkSaNika rAta hai ! kisa . zramaNa yA brAhmaNa kA satsaMga kareM, jo hamAre citta ko prasanna kre|" eka rAjamaMtrI ne kahA-"mahArAja! pUraNakassapa gaNanAyaka, gaNAcArya, jJAnI, yazasvI, tIrthakara, bahujana-sammAnita, anubhavI, cira-pravrajita va vayovRddha haiM / Apa unase dharmacarcA kareM / unakA alpakAlika satsaMga bhI Apake citta ko prasanna kregaa|" rAjA ajAtazatru ne sunA, kintu, mauna rhaa| dUsare maMtrI ne ukta vizeSaNoM ko duharAte hue makkhali gozAla ko sujhAva diyA / rAjA ajAtazatru mauna rhaa| isa prakAra vibhinna maMtriyoM ne isI ukti ke sAtha kramazaH ajita kesakambalI, pakudha kaccAyana, nigaNTha nAtaputta va saMjaya velaTThiputta kA sujhAva diyaa| ajAta 1. samaNabrAhmaNA jiNNA buddhA mahallakA addhagatA vayo anuppattA, therArattajU cirapavva. jittA.. pUraNokassapo...pe... nigaNTho naatputto,...| -suttanipAta, sabhiya suttaM, pR0 104 / 2. ...ki pana meM samaNo gotamo ime paJhe puTTho vyAkarissati / samaNo hi gotamo daharo ceva jAtiyA navo ca pavvajjAyAti / -suttanipAta, sabhiya suttaM, pR0 106 / 3. suttanipAta, sabhiyasuttaM, pR0 104-107 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] kAla-nirNaya 77 zatru ne yaha saba kucha sunA, kintu, mauna rahA / jIvaka kaumAra-bhRtya bhI ajAtazatru ke pAsa mauna baiThA thaa| rAjA ne usase kahA- "saumya jIvaka ! tuma mauna kyoM ho? tuma bhI apanA sujhAva do|" jIvaka ne kahA-"mahArAja ! mere Amra-udyAna meM sAr3he bAraha sau bhikSuoM ke bRhad saMgha ke sAtha bhagavAn arhat samyak sambuddha vihAra kara rahe haiN| unakA maMgalayaza phailA huA hai / ve bhagavAn arhat, paramajJAnI, vidyA aura AcaraNa se yukta, sugata, lokavid, puruSoM ko sanmArga para lAne ke lie anupama azva-niyantA, deva va manuSyoM ke zAstA tathA buddha haiN| mahArAja ! Apa unake pAsa caleM aura unase dharma-carcA kreN| kadAcit ApakA citta prasanna ho jaayegaa|" ye tIna prakaraNa bhI buddha se mahAvIra kA jyeSThatva pramANita karane ke lie itane spaSTa haiM ki ina para koI yukti yA saMgati jor3ane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM raha jaatii| isa prakAra, tIna prakaraNa mahAvIra kA pUrva-nirvANa pramANita karate haiM aura anya tIna prakaraNa unakA jyeSThatva pramANita karate haiN| jyeSThatva bhI kevala vayomAna kI dRSTi se hI nahIM ; apitu jJAna kI dRSTi se, prabhAva kI dRSTi se aura pravrajyA-kAla kI dRSTi se / ye samullekha svayaM bolate haiM ki jaba buddha ne apanA dharmopadeza prArambha kiyA thA, taba taka mahAvIra isa dizA meM bahuta kucha kara cuke the| ukta prakaraNoM kI satyatA kA eka pramANa yaha bhI hai ki yahA~ buddha ko choTA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| sabhI sthaloM meM buddha ko Ayu, pravrajyA va jJAna-lAbha kI dRSTi se pUrvakAlika aura bar3A kahA jAtA, taba to phira bhI AzaMkA khar3I kI jA sakatI thI ki sambhavataH bauddha zAstrakAroM ne apane dharma-nAyaka kI mahimA bar3hAne ke lie bhI aisA kara diyA ho, kintu apane dharma-nAyaka ko choTA svIkAra karanA to kisI sAmpradAyika aham kA poSaka nahIM hotaa| pratipAdya tathya kI puSTi kA eka AdhAra yaha bhI banatA hai ki bauddha zAstra mahAvIra ke viSaya meM jitane mukhara hai, jaina zAstra buddha ke viSaya meM utane hI mauna haiN| isakA bhI sambhavataH kAraNa yahI hai-jo navodita dharma-nAyaka hotA hai, vaha apane pUrvavartI pratispardhI dharma-nAyaka para adhika bolatA hai| usameM usake samakakSa hone kI eka bhAvanA hotI hai ; ataH svayaM ko zreSTha aura pratipakSa ko azreSTha karane kA vizeSa prayatna karatA hai| yahI sthiti bauddhazAstroM meM samullikhita mahAvIra-sambandhI aura jaina dharma-sambandhI anekAneka vivaraNoM meM prakaTa hotI hai / jaina-zAstroM meM bauddha dharma ke pravartaka ke rUpa meM buddha kA kahIM nAmollekha taka nahIM miltaa| yaha bhI isI bAta kA saMketa hai ki jo svayaM prabhAva-sampanna ho jAte haiM, ve navodita pantha ko sahasA hI mahattva nahIM diyA krte| jaina-zAstroM kA mauna aura bauddha-zAstroM kI mukharatA kA anya sambhava kAraNa yaha hai ki mahAvIra-vANI kA dvAdazAMgI ke rUpa meM saMkalana, mahAvIra ke bodhi-prApti ke anantara hI gaNadharoM dvArA ho cukA thA / buddha mahAvIra ke uttaravartI the ; ataH una zAstroM meM buddha ke 1. dIgha nikAya, sAmavaphala sutta, 1-2 / 2. vistAra ke lie dekheM, 'tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta' prakaraNa / ____ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 jIvana ke viSaya meM carcAe~ kaise hotI ? yadi buddha pUrvavartI hote, to jaina-zAstroM meM unakI carcA Ae binA hI kaise rhtii|' bauddha piTakoM kA saMkalana buddha-nirvANa ke anantara hI arhat ziSyoM dvArA hotA hai / buddha mahAvIra se uttaravartI the ; ataH unameM mahAvIra ke jIvana-prasaMgoM kA ullikhita honA svAbhAvika hai hii| samaya-vicAra isa prakAra ukta tathyoM ke AdhAra se hama isa niSkarSa para to asaMdigdha rUpa se pahuMca hI jAte haiM ki mahAvIra buddha se vayovRddha aura pUrva-nirvANa-prApta the| vivecanIya viSaya rahatA hai-unakI samasAmayikatA kA arthAt kitane varSa ve eka dUsare kI vidyamAnatA meM jiiye| para, yaha jAna lenA tabhI saMbhava hai, jaba unake jIvana-vRttoM ko saMvatsara aura tithiyoM meM bAMdhA jaae| AgamoM aura tripiTakoM meM unake janma va nirvANa-sambandhI mahInoM va tithiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| para, Aja kI saMvat yA san paddhati se unake janma aura nirvANa ke sambandha meM kahIM kucha nahIM miltaa| vaha isalie ki sambhavataH usa samaya kisI vyavasthita saMvatsara kA pracalana thA hI nhiiN| donoM yuga-puruSoM kI samasAmayikatA ke nirNaya meM pUrvApara ke atirikta ullekhoM se hI kAma calAnA hotA hai| pahale hameM mahAvIra ke tithi-kAla para vicAra karanA hogA; kyoMki apekSAkRta buddha ke tithi-krama se, vaha adhika spaSTa aura asaMdigdha hai| mahAvIra kA tithi-krama pichale prakaraNoM meM yaha bhalIbhAMti batAyA jA cukA hai ki mahAvIra-nirvANa kA asaMdigdha samaya I0 pU0 527 kA hai| isa viSaya meM eka anya pramANa yaha bhI hai ki itihAsa ke kSetra meM samrATa candragupta kA rAjyArohaNa I0 pU0 322 mAnA gayA hai| itihAsakAra 1. sUtrakRtAMga Adi sUtroM meM bauddha mAnyatAoM se sambandhita mImAMsA nagaNya rUpa meM milatI hai| dvAdazAMgI ke mUla svarUpa meM bhI pUrvadhara AcAryoM dvArA samaya-samaya para Avazyaka parivartana kiyA jAtA rahA hai| ataH bauddha-dharma sambandhI mImAMsA ukta tathya meM bAdhaka nahIM bntii| 2. aneka adhikArI itihAsajJoM va vidvAnoM ne isI tithi ko mAnya rakhA hai / udA. haraNArtha(ka) mahAmahopAdhyAya rAyabahAdura gaurIzaMkara ojhA, zrI jaina satya prakAza, varSa 2, ___aMka 4-5, pR0 217-81 / (kha) DaoN0 baladeva upAdhyAya, dharma aura darzana, pR0 86 / (ga) DaoN0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, tIrthaMkara mahAvIra, bhA0 2, bhUmikA pR0 16 / (gha) DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina, tattva-samuccaya, pR06| (Ga) mahAmahopAdhyAya paM0 vizvezvaranAtha reu, bhArata kA prAcIna rAjavaMza, khaNDa 2, pR0 436 / 3. Dr. Radha Kumud Mukherjee, Chandragupta Maurya and His Times, pp. 44-6; tathA zrInetra pANDe, bhArata kA bRhat itihAsa, prathama bhAga, prAcIna bhArata, caturtha saMskaraNa, 242 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] kAla-nirNaya 76 mAnate haiM ki itihAsa ke isa andhakArapUrNa vAtAvaraNa meM yaha eka prakAzastambha' hai / yaha samaya sarvamAnya aura prAmANika hai / ise hI kendra-bindu mAnakara itihAsa zatAbdiyoM pUrva aura zatAbdiyoM pazcAt kI ghaTanAoM kA samaya pakar3atA hai / jaina paramparA meM merutuMga kI vicAra zreNi, tityogAlI painnaya Adi prAcIna granthoM meM candragupta kA rAjyArohaNa mahAvIra-nirvANa ke 215 varSa pazcAt mAnA hai / vaha rAjyArohaNa unhoMne avantI kA mAnA hai / yaha aitihAsika tathya hai ki candragupta maurya ne pATaliputra (magadha) rAjyArohaNa ke 10 varSa pazcAt avantI meM apanA rAjya sthApita kiyA thaa| isa prakAra jaina-kAla-gaNanA aura sAmAnya aitihAsika dhAraNA paraspara saMgata ho jAtI hai aura mahAvIra kA nirvANa I0 pU0 312-+215= I0 pU0 527 meM hotA hai| ukta nirvANa-samaya kA samarthana vikrama, zaka, gupta Adi aitihAsika saMvatsaroM se bhI hotA hai| vikrama saMvat ke viSaya meM jaina paramparA kI prAcIna paTTAvaliyoM va granthoM meM batAyA gayA hai-bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa-kAla se 470 varSa bAda vikrama saMvat kA pracalana 8. To these sources, Indian history is also indebted for what has been called, the sheet-anchor of its chronology, for the starting point of Indian chronology is the date of Chandragupta's accession to sovereignty. -Radha Kumud Mukherjee, Chandragupta Maurya and His Times, p. 3. 2. (ka) The date 313 B. C. for Chandragupta's accession, if it is based on correct tradition, may refer to his acquisition of Avanti in Malwa, as the chronological datum is found in verse where the Maurya king finds mention the list of succession of Palak, the king of Avanti. -H. C. Ray Choudhuri, Political History of Ancient India, p. 295 (kha) The Jain date 313 B. C., if based on correct tradition, may refer to acquisition of Avanti (Malwa) --An Advanced History of India, p. 99. (ga) yadyapi I0 pU0 313, candragupta ke rAjyAbhiSeka kI tithi zuddha paramparA ke AdhAra para anumAnita hai, parantu yaha tithi unake avantI athavA mAlavA ke vijaya kA nirdeza karatI hai| kyoMki usa zloka meM, jisameM tithi krama-tAlikA aMkita hai, avantI zAsaka pAlaka ke anuvartI zAsakoM meM candragupta maurya kI carcA kI gaI hai| - -zrInetra pANDe, bhArata kA bRhat itihAsa, pR0 245-246 / 3. (ka) jaM raNi kAlagao, arihA titthaMkaro mhaaviiro| taM rayaNi avaNivaI, ahisitto pAlao rAyA // 1 // saTThI pAlayaraNNo 60, paNavaNNasayaM tu hoi naMdANaM 155 / aTThasayaM muriyANaM 108, tIsa cciya pUsamittassa 30 // 2 // ___ 2010_05

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80 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 huA / itihAsa kI sarvasammata dhAraNA ke anusAra vikrama saMvat I0 pU0 57 se prArambha hotA hai| isase bhI mahAvIra-nirvANa kA kAla 57+470 =I0 pU0 527 hI AtA zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI jaina paramparAoM kI prAcIna mAnyatAoM ke anusAra balamitta-bhANumitta saTThI 60, varisANi catta nahavANe / taha gaddabhilla rajjaM terasa 13, varisa, sagassa cau (varisA) // 3 / / zrIvikramAdityazca pratibodhitastadrAjyaM tu zrI vIrasaptaticatuSTaye 470 saMjAtam / -dharmasAgara upAdhyAya, tapAgaccha-paTTAvalI (saTIka sAnuvAda, panyAsa kalyANa vijayajI), pR0 50-52 / (kha) vikkamarajjAraMbhA parao sirivIranivvuI bhaNiyA / sunnamuNiveyajutto vikkamakAlau jiNakAlo / -vikramakAlAjjinasya vIrasya kAlo jina kAlaH zUnya (0) muni (7) veda (4) yuktaH / catvAriMzatAni saptatyadhikavarSANi zrImahAvIravikramAdityayorantara mityarthaH / nanvayaM kAla: vIra-vikramayoH kathaM gaNyate, ityAha-vikramarAjyArambhAta parataH pazcAt zrIvIranirvatiratra bhnnitaa| ko bhAva: zrIvIranirvANa-dinAdanu 470 varSe vikramAdityasya raajyaarmbh-dinmiti| -vicAra-zreNI, pR0 3-4 / (ga) pUnarmannirvANAt saptatyadhikacatuHzatavarSe (470) ujjayinyAM zrIvikramAdityo rAjA bhaviSyati svanAmnA ca saMvatsarapravRtti kariSyati / -zrI saubhAgya paMcamyAdi parvakathA saMgraha, dIpamAlikA vyAkhyAna, pR0 66-67 / (gha) mahAmukkha gamaNAo pAlaya-naMda-caMdaguttAirAIsu bolINesu causaya sattarehiM vikkamAicco rAyA hohi / tattha saTThI varisANaM pAlagassa rajja, paNapaNNaMsayaM naMdANaM, aTThottara saMyaM moriya vaMsANaM, tIsaM pUsa mittassa, saTThI balamitta. mANu-mittANaM, cAlIsaM naravAhaNassa, terasa gaddabhillassa, cattAri sgss| tao vikkmaaicco| -vividhatIrthakalpa (apApAbRhat kalpa), pR0 38-36 / (Ga) causaya sattari varise (470) vIrAo vikkamo jaao| -pNcvstuk| 1. An Advanced History of India, P. 118; gupta sAmrAjya kA itihAsa prathama khaNDa, pR0 183 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] kAla-nirNaya zaka saMvat mahAvIra-nirvANa ke 605 varSa va 5 mahIne bAda Arambha hotA hai| aitihAsika dhAraNA se zaka saMvat kA prArambha I0 pU078 se hotA hai| usa niSkarSa se bhI mahAvIranirvANa kA kAla 605-78= I0 pU0 527 hI hotA hai / DaoN. vAsudeva upAdhyAya, apane grantha 'gupta sAmrAjya kA itihAsa'3 meM gupta saMvatsara kI chAnabIna karate hue likhate haiM : 1. (ka) jaM rayaNi siddhigao, arahA titthaMkaro mahAvIro / taM rayaNimavantIe, abhisitto pAlao rAyA // 620 / / pAlagaraNNo saTThI, puNa paNNasayaM viyANi NaMdANaM / muriyANaM saTThisayaM paNatIsA pUsamittANaM (ttassa) // 621 // balamitta-bhANu mittA, saTThI cattAya honti nahaseNe / gaddabhasayamegaM puNa, paDivanno to sago rAyA // 622 / / paMca ya mAsA paMca ya, vAsA chacceva hoMti vAsasapA / parinivvuassa'rihato, to uppanno (paDivanno) sago rAyA // 623 // -titthogAlI painnaya / (kha) zrI vIranirvR tevaH SaDbhiH paJcottaraiH zataiH / zAkasaMvatsarasyaiSA pravRttibharate'bhavat // -merutuMgAcArya-racita, vicAra-zreNI (jaina-sAhitya-saMzodhaka, khaNDa 2 aMka 3-4, pR0 4) / (ga) chahiM vAsANa saehiM paJcarhi vAsehiM paJcamAsehiM / mama nivvANa gayassa u upAjjissai sago raayaa| -nemicandra-racita, mahAvIra-cariyaM, zlo0 2166, patra-94-1 / paNachassayavassaM paNamAsajudaM gamiya viirnnivvuido| sagarAjo to kakkI caduNavatiyamahiyasagamAsaM // -nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI-racita, trilokasAra, 850 / (Ga) varSANAM SaTzatIM tyaktvA paMcAgrAM mAsapaMcakam / mukti gate mahAvIra zakarAjastato'bhavat // -jinasenAcArya-racita, harivaMza purANa, 60-546 / NivvANe vIrajiNe chanvAsa sadesu paMcavarisesu / paNamAsesu gadesu saMjAdo sagaNio ahavA // -tiloyapaNNatti, bhAga 1,p0341| (cha) paMca ya mAsA paMca va vAsA chacceva hoMti vaassyaa| sagakAleNa ya sahiyA thAveyavvo tado rAsI / / -dhavalA, jaina siddhAnta bhavana, ArA, patra 537 / 2. An Advanced History of India, p. 120%; gupta sAmrAjya kA itihAsa, prathama khaNDa, pR0182-183 / 3. bhAga 1, pR0 382 / ____ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 "alaberunI se pUrva zatAbdiyoM meM kucha jaina granthakAroM ke AdhAra para yaha jJAta hotA hai ki gupta tathA zaka-kAla meM 241 varSa kA antara hai / prathama lekhaka jinasena, jo 8vIM zatAbdI meM vartamAna the, unhoMne varNana kiyA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 605 varSa 5 mAha ke pazcAt zaka rAjA kA janma huA tathA zaka ke anusAra gupta ke 231 varSa zAsana ke bAda kalkirAja kA janma huaa| dvitIya granthakAra guNabhadra ne uttarapurANa meM (886 I.) likhA hai ki mahAvIra.nirvANa ke 1000 varSa bAda kalkirAja kA janma huaa| jinasena tathA gaNabhadra ke kathana kA samarthana tIsare lekhaka nemicandra karate haiN| "nemicandra trilokasAra meM likhate haiM : "zakarAja mahAvIra-nirvANa ke 605 varSa 5 mAha ke bAda tathA zaka-kAla ke 364 varSa 7 mAha ke pazcAt kalkirAja paidA huaa| ina ke yoga se-605 varSa mAha+394 varSa 7 mAha =1000 varSa hote haiM / ' ina tInoM jaina granthakAroM ke kathanAnusAra zakarAja tathA kalkirAja kA janma nizcita ho jAtA hai|" isa prakAra zaka-saMvat kA nizcaya ukta jaina dhAraNAoM para karake vidvAn lekhaka ne mahArAja hastin ke khoha-lekha Adi ke pramANa se gupta saMvat aura zaka saMvat kA sambandha nikAlA hai| niSkarSa rUpa meM ve likhate haiM : "isa samatA se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki gupta saMvat kI tithi meM 241 jor3ane se zaka-kAla meM parivartana ho jAtA hai| isa vistRta vivecana ke kAraNa alaberunI ke kathana kI sArthakatA jJAta ho jAtI hai| yaha nizcita ho gayA hai ki zakakAla ke 241 varSa pazcAt gupta saMvat kA Arambha huaa|" phalitArtha yaha hotA hai ki isa sArI kAla-gaNanA kA mUla bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirvANa-kAla banA hai| vahA~ se utara kara vaha kAlagaNanA gupta saMvat taka AI hai| yahA~ se mur3akara yadi hama vApasa calate haiM, to nimnokta prakAra se I0 pU0 527 ke mahAvIra-nirvANa-kAla para pahuMca jAte haiM : gupta saMvat kA prArambha I0316 mahAvIra-nirvANa gupta saMvat pUrva 846 ataH mahAvIra kA nirvANa-kAla 9 .......................... ...... "guptAnAM ca zatadvayam / ekaviMzazca varSANi kAlavidbhirudAhRtam / / 460 / / dvicatvAriMzadevAtaH kalkirAjasya rAjatA / tato'jitaMjayo rAjA syAdindra purasaMsthitaH / / 461 / / varSANAM SaTzatIM tyaktvA paJcAgrAM mAsapaJcakam / mukti gate mahAvIre zakarAjAstato'bhavat // 546 / / -jinasena kRta harivaMzapurANa, a060| 2. Indian Antiquary, vol.XV, p. 143. 3. paNa chassayaM vassaM paNa mAsajudaM gamiya vIraNivuido / sagarAjo so kakkI caduNavatiyamahiya sagamAsaM / / -triloksaar,1032| 4. gupta sAmrAjya kA itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR0 181 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] kAla-nirNaya 83 terApaMtha ke manISI AcAryoM ne jisa kAla-gaNanA ko mAnA hai, usase mahAvIra-nirvANa kA samaya I0 pU0 527 AtA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janma-rAzi para unake nirvANa ke samaya bhasma-graha lgaa| usakA kAla zAstrakAroM ne 2000 varSa kA mAnA hai|' zrImajjayAcArya ke nirNayAnusAra 2000 varSa kA vaha bhasma-graha vikrama saMvat 1531 meM usa rAzi se utaratA hai tathA zAstrakAroM ke anusAra mahAvIra-nirvANa ke 1660 varSa pazcAt 333 varSa kI sthiti vAle dhUmaketu graha ke lagane kA vidhAna hai| zrImajjayAcArya ke anusAra vaha samaya vi0 saM0 1853 hotA hai / ukta donoM avadhiyA~ sahaja hI nimna prakAra se mahAvIra-nirvANa ke I0 pU0 527 ke kAla para isa prakAra pahu~ca jAtI haiMbhasma-graha kI sthiti 2000 varSa bhasma-graha utarA I0 san 1473 (vi0 saM0 1530) ata: mahAvIra-nirvANa I0 pU0 527 isI prakAra mahAvIra-nirvANa ke 1960+333 varSa bAda dhUmaketu utarA, ata: 2323 varSa kUla sthiti| utarane kA samaya- 1766 I0 sa0 (vi0 sa0 1853) ataH mahAvIra-nirvANa - I0 pU0 527 - jaina paramparA meM 'vIra-nirvANa-saMvat' cala rahA hai| vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha nirvivAda aura sarvamAnya hai| vaha saMvat bhI I0 pU0 527 para AdhArita hai / abhI IsvI san 1967 meM vIra-nirvANa saMvat 2464 cala rahA hai, jo IsvI se 527 varSa adhika hai, jaisA ki honA hI caahie| mahAvIra-nirvANa I0 pU0 527 meM nizcita ho jAne se unake pramukha jIvana-prasaMgoM kA tithi-krama isa prakAra banatA hai: janma I0 pU0 566 dIkSA I0 pU0 566 kaivalya-lAbha I0 pU0 557 nirvANa I0 pU0 527 kAla-gaNanA bhAratavarSa meM mukhyatayA tIna prAcIna kAla-gaNanAe~ pracalita haiM : (1) paurANika, (2) juna aura (3) bauddha / paurANika kAla-gaNanA kA AdhAra viSNu purANa, matsya purANa, vAya purANa, bhAgavata purANa, brahmANDa purANa Adi haiN| jaina kAla-gaNanA kA AdhAra titthogAlI painnaya, AcArya merutuMga dvArA racita vicAra-zreNI Adi haiM / bauddha kAla-gaNanA kA AdhAra silonI grantha dIpavaMza, mahAvaMza Adi haiN| 1. kalpa sUtra, sU0 128-30 / 2. bhramavidhvaMsanam, bhUmikA, pR0 14.15 / 3. baMga cuulikaa| ____ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 purANoM kA racanA-kAla vidvAnoM ne I0 pU0 cauthI yA tIsarI zatAbdI mAnA hai / pAjiTera ke abhimatAnusAra purANoM kA vartamAna rUpa adhika-se-adhika IsvI tIsarI zatAbdI meM nirmita ho hI cukA thA / 2 titthogAlI painnaya kA racanA-kAla lagabhaga tIsarI cauthI zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai / 3 dIpavaMza va mahAvaMza kA racanA-kAla IsvI cauthI pAMcavIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai / * paurANika aura jaina kAla-gaNanA nitAnta bhAratIya haiM aura unakI paraspara saMgati bhI hai / paurANika kAla-gaNanA kI vAstavikatA ko itihAsakAroM ne svIkAra kiyA hai / isa viSaya meM DaoN0 smitha ne likhA hai : "purANoM meM dI gaI rAjavaMzoM kI sUciyoM kI AdhArabhUtatA Sat nika yuropIya lekhakoM ne niSkAraNa hI nindita kiyA hai / inake sUkSma anuzIlana se jJAta hotA hai ki inameM atyadhika maulika va mUlyavAn aitihAsika paramparA upalabdha hotI 84 1. (ka) purANa kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM cauthI zatAbdI meM avazya vartamAna the, kyoMki kauTilya artha - zAstra meM purANa kA ullekha AyA hai / - janArdana bhaTTa, bauddhakAlIna bhArata, pR0 3 / (kha) adhikAMza vidvAnoM kI sammati hai ki artha - zAstra meM candragupta maurya kI hI zAsana paddhati kA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai; artha - zAstra I0 pU0 tRtIya zataka kI racanA hai; ataH kahanA par3egA ki purANoM kI racanA I0 pU0 tRtIya zataka se bahuta pahale hI ho cukI thI / - DA0 baladeva upAdhyAya, Arya saMskRti ke mUlAdhAra, pR0 164 / 2. The Purana Text of the Dynasties of the Kali Age, introduction, p. XII. 3. vIra nirvANa - saMvat aura jaina kAla-gaNanA, pR0 30, TippaNa saM0 27 / 4. Dr. V. A. Smith, Early History of India p. 11; janArdana bhaTTa, bauddhakAlIna bhArata, pR0 3 / 5. muni kalyANa vijayajI ne 'vIra nirvANa-saMvat aura jaina kAla-gaNanA', pR0 25-26 meM isakA vivecana kiyA hai / 6. 'purANoM meM prAcIna itihAsa prAmANika rUpa se bharA huA hai, aisI dhAraNA to aMgrejI par3he-likhe vidvAnoM kI bhI hone lagI hai| purANoM meM diye gaye itihAsa kI puSTi zilAlekhoM se, mudrAoM se aura videziyoM ke yAtrA vivaraNa se paryApta mAtrA meM hone lagI hai | ataH vidvAn aitihAsikoM kA kathana hai ki yaha pUrI sAmagrI prAmANika tathA upAdeya hai / - Arya saMskRti ke mUlAdhAra, pR0 167 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] kAla-nirNaya hai|" bauddha kAla-gaNanA silona se AI hai, kyoMki dIpavaMza-mahAvaMza kI racanA silonI bhikSuoM dvArA huI hai| ina granthoM ke racayitA ke sambandha meM rAisa DeviDsa ne likhA hai: "IsvI caturtha zatAbdI meM kisI ne ina pAli-gAthAoM kA saMgraha kiyA, jo silona ke itihAsa ke sambandha meM thiiN| eka pUrNa vRttAnta banAne ke lie inameM aura gAthAe~ jor3I gaIM / isa prakAra ke nirmita apane kAvya kA nAma kartA ne dIpavaMza diyaa| jisakA artha hai-'dvIpa kA samaya-grantha / ' isake ekAdha pIr3hI pazcAt mahAnAma ne apane mahAn grantha mahAvaMza ko likhaa| vaha koI itihAsakAra nahIM thaa| usake pAsa apane do pUrvajoM dvArA prayukta sAmagrI ke atirikta kevala pracalita danta-kathAoM kAhI AdhAra thaa|"2 suprasiddha bauddha vidvAn ke ye vicAra bauddha kAla-gaNanA kI anadhikRtatA ko prakaTa karate haiN| vastuta: bauddha kAla-gaNanA jaina tathA paurANika kAla-gaNanA ke sAtha saMgata nahIM hotii| una donoM kI apekSA yaha bahuta durbala raha jAtI hai| dIpavaMza mahAvaMza ko asaMgatiyAM : silonI grantha mahAvaMza va dIpavaMza meM dI gaI kAla-gaNanA meM kucha bhUleM to bahuta hI AzcaryakAraka haiN| samajha meM nahIM AtA, itihAsakAroM dvArA inakI anadhikRtatA ko mAnyatA kisa prakAra mila gaI ! udAharaNArtha-paurANika aura jaina kAla-gaNanAoM meM jahA~ $. Modern European writers have inclulued to disparage unduly the authority of the Puranic lists, but closer study finds in them much genuine and valuable historical tradition. - Early History of India, p. 12 8. In the fourth century of our era, some one collected such of thes@ Pali verses, as referred to the history of Ceylon, piecing them together by other verses to make a consecutive narrative. He called his poem, thus coustructed, the Dipavamsa,--the Island Chronicle. "A generation afterwards Mahanama wrote his great work, the Mahavamsa. He was no historian, and had, besides the material used by his two predecessors, only popular legends work on. --Buddhist India, pp. 277-78 3. It is to be noted that the Buddhist tradition runs counter to the Brahminical and Jain traditions. --Dr. Radha Kumud Mukherjee, Chandragupta Maurya and his Times, p.20 ____ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 nava nanda rAjAoM kA kAla kramazaH 100 varSa tathA 150 varSa' mAnA gayA hai, vahA~ mahAvaMza kI bauddha kAla-gaNanA kevala 22 varSa mAnatI hai tathA dIpavaMza meM to nandoM kA ullekha taka nahIM hai / silonI kAla-gaNanA kI anya asaMgati yaha hai ki paurANika kAla-gaNanA meM jahA~ zizunAga, kAkavarNa (kAlAzoka) Adi rAjAoM ke nAma ajAtazatru ke pUrvajoM meM ginAye gaye haiM vahA~ dIpavaMza mahAvaMza meM ye hI nAma ajAtazatru ke vaMzajoM meM ginAye gaye haiM / aitihAsika dRSTi se yaha eka akSamya bhUla hai| inake atirikta mahAvaMza kI kucha-eka mAnyatAe~ na kevala mUla tripiTakoM ke sAtha asaMgata hotI haiM, apitu mUlabhUta 1. matsya purANa, a0 272, zlo0 22; vAyu purANa, a0 66, zlo0330 / 2. titthogAlI painnaya, 621-623 ; vicAra zreNI, jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, khaNDa 2, aMka 3.4,104 / 3. mahAvaMza, pari0 4, gAthA 108, pari0 5, gA0 14-17 / / 4. Adhunika itihAsakAroM ne bhI ise bhUla mAnA hai| DaoN0 smitha ne nanda-vaMza kA rAjya kAla 88 varSa mAnA hai (Early History of India, p. 57); DaoN0 rAdhAkumuda mukharjI ne bauddha kAla-gaNanA ke 22 varSoM ko ayathArtha siddha kiyA hai (hindU sabhyatA, pR0 267) / 5. mahAvaMza ke anusAra kAlAzoka ke samaya meM dUsarI bauddha saMgIti huI thI, kintu kAlA zoka tathA usake samaya meM huI dUsarI saMgIti ke viSaya meM itihAsakAra pUrNarUpa se saMdigdha haiN| pro0 nIlakaNTha zAstrI ne likhA hai : "The tradition says that the council was held in the time of Asoka, or Kalasoka the son of Sisunaga, but history does not know of any such king." (Age of Nandas and Mauryas, p. 30). 6. itihAsakAroM dvArA ayathArtha bauddha kAla-gaNanA ko mAnyatA milane kA eka sambhava kAraNa yaha lagatA hai ki purANoM meM Aye nimna zloka kI vyAkhyA azuddha rUpa se kI gaI hai : aSTatrizacchataM bhAvyAH prAdyotAH paJca te sutAH / hatvA teSAM yazaH kRtsnaM zizunAgo bhaviSyati / / -vAyu purANa, a0 96, zlo0 314 / isa zloka ke AdhAra para yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki zizunAga aura kAka-varNa antima prAdyota rAjA (nandIvardhana) ke pazcAt hue; ata: ye prAga-buddhakAlIna na hokara pazcAt-buddhakAlIna the ; parantu purANoM ke pUrvApara zlokoM ke anuzIlana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ukta mAnyatA yathArtha nahIM hai| purANoM meM nimna krama se kaliyuga ke rAjavaMzoM kA byaurA prApta hotA hai : 1. pauravavaMza-abhimanyu (jo mahAbhArata meM lar3e the) se kSemaka taka; kSemaka buddha ke samakAlIna udayana ke bAda caturtha rAjA thaa| isa vaMza kI rAjadhAnI pahale hastinApura thI aura bAda meM koshmbii| adhisImakRSNa ke vaMzaja rAjA nacakSu ke samaya meM rAjadhAnI kA parivartana humaa| - 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] kAla-nirNaya 2. aikSvAku vaMza-bRhadbala (mahAbhArata ke yoddhA) se sumitra taka ; sumitra buddha ke samakAlIna rAjA prasenajit ke bAda caturtha rAjA thaa| isa vaMza kI rAjadhAnI kozala meM zrAvastI thii| 3. pauravacandra vaMza (rAjA bRhadratha ke vaMzaja)-sahadeva (mahAbhArata ke yoddhA) se ripuMjaya taka; ripuMjaya buddha ke samakAlIna caNDa-pradyota kA pUrvavartI rAjA thaa| - bRhadratha ke vaMzajoM (bAhaMdrathoM) ko sambhavatayA isalie 'mAgadha' kahA jAtA hai ki bRhad ratha, jarAsandha Adi magadha ke rAjA the tathA sahadeva ke putra somAdhi ne mahAbhArata-yuddha ke pazcAt magadha meM girivraja meM rAjadhAnI kI sthApanA kI thii| sahadeva se ripuMjaya taka 22 rAjAoM kI kAla-gaNanA dene ke pazcAt purANoM meM batAyA gayA hai: pUrNa varSasahasra vai teSAM rAjyaM bhaviSyati // bRhadratheSvatIteSu vItihotreSvavantiSu / pulikaH svAminaM hatvA svaputramabhiSekSyati / / -vAyu purANa, a0 66, zlo0 306-310; ___matsyapurANa, a0 271, zlo0 30; a0 272, zlo0 1 / ye zloka batAte haiM ki avantI meM vItihotra aura bRhadrathoM kA rAjya vyatIta ho jAne para antima rAjA ripuMjaya ko mAra kara usake maMtrI pulika ne apane putra pradyota ko abhiSikta kiyaa| yaha suvidita hai ki pradyota kA rAjya avantI meM thA aura vaha mahAvIra va buddha kA samakAlIna thaa| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki bAhadratha rAjAoM ne somAdhi ke samaya meM magadha meM rAjya sthApita kiyA thA, kintu bAda meM ve avantI cale gaye the| vahA~ antima rAjA ripuMjaya kI hatyA ke pazcAt prAdyotoM kA rAjya prArambha huaa| 4. pradyota vaMza-pradyota se avantI-vardhana (nandIvardhana yA vartIvardhana) taka; isa vaMza kA rAjya avantI meM thaa| 5. zizunAga vaMza-zizunAga se mahAnandI taka isa vaMza kA rAjya magadha meM thaa| purANoM ke anusAra rAjA zizunAga ne zizunAga-vaMza kI sthApanA kI thii| zizunAga ne kAzI kA rAjya jIta liyA aura apane putra kAkavarNa ko kAzI kA rAjA banAkara svayaM magadha kA rAjya karane lgaa| usane girivraja meM apanI rAjadhAnI rkhii| hatvA teSAM yazaH kRtsnaM zizunAgo bhaviSyati / vArANasyAM sutaM sthApya zrayiSyati girivrajam / / -vAyu purANa, a066, zlo0 314-5; matsya purANa, a0 272, shlo06| ___DaoN0 tribhuvanadAsa laharacanda zAha ke anusAra 23veM tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha ke pitA azvasena ke bAda zizunAga ne kAzI meM rAjya sthApita kiyA thA (prAcIna bhAratavarSa, khaNDa 1) / DaoN0 zAha ne paurANika, jaina aura bauddha kAla-gaNanAoM ke saMyukta adhyayana ke AdhAra para eka susaMgata kAla-krama kA nirmANa kiyA hai (jisakI vistRta carcA 'kAla-gaNanA para punarvicAra' meM kI jaayegii)| isa kAla-krama ke anusAra zizunAga 2010_05

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88 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 ke pazcAt kramazaH kAkavarNa, kSemavardhana, kSemajit, prasenajit, bimbisAra aura ajAtazatru rAjA hue| ___ aba yadi ukta pAMca vaMzoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA jAye to yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki ye vaMza kramazaH uttaravartI nahIM haiM, apitu prAyaH samasamAyika haiN| prathama vaMza kA udayana, dvitIya vaMza kA prasenajita,caturtha vaMza kA pradyota va paMcama vaMza kA ajAtazatra (aura bimbisAra) vatsa, kozala, avantI aura magadha ke samasAmayika rAjA the; baha asaMdigdhatayA kahA jA sakatA hai (cf. Rapson, Cambridge History of India, p. 277) / ataH yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jisa prakAra dvitIya vaMza prathama vaMza kA uttaravartI nahIM hai; usI prakAra paMcama vaMza caturtha vaMza kA uttaravartI nahIM hai / tAtparya yaha humA ki "hatvA teSAM yazaH kRtsnaM zizunAgo bhaviSyati" meM 'teSAM' avantI ke prAdyotoM kA vAcaka nahIM hai| yaha bhI nizcita hai ki caturtha vaMza tatIya vaMza kA samasAmayika nahIM, apitu uttaravartI hai jaisA ki spaSTatayA batAyA gayA hai| prazna kevala yaha rahatA hai ki bAhadrathoM kA rAjya magadha meM thA, jaba ki prAdyotoM kA avantI meM sthApita haA; yaha kaise sambhava ho sakatA hai ? isakA uttara bhI sambhavata: yahI hai ki yadyapi bArhadarathoM kA rAjya prArambha meM magadha meM sthApita haA thA, phira bhI jaba zizunAga ne magadha meM zazunAgoM kA rAjya sthApita kiyA, taba bArhadrathoM ne magadha se haTakara avantI meM apanA rAjya sthApita kiyaa| isa prakArI uttaravartI bAhadatha rAjA aura pUrvavartI zaizunAga kramazaH avantI aura magadha ke samasAmayika rAjA the tathA 'hatvA teSAM yazaH kRtsnaM' meM 'teSAM' kA tAtparya 'bAhadrathoM' se hai| paurANika zlokoM kI yaha vyAkhyA paurANika kAlagaNanA ke sAtha bhI pUrNataH saMgata ho jAtI hai| purANoM ke anusAra bRhadratha-vaMza ke 22 rAjAoM ne 1000 varSa taka rAjya kiyA, jinake nAma aura rAjya-kAla isa prakAra haiM : 1. somAdhi 58 varSa 2. zrutazrava 3. ayutAyus 4. niramitra 5. sukSatra 6. bRhatkarmA 7. senajit 8, zrutaJjaya 6. vibhu (prabhu) 10. zucI 11. kSema 12. bhUvrata 13. sunetra (dharmanetra) 35 14. nirvRtti (vivRtti) 15. suvrata (trinetra) 60 // 0 0 0 - 0 0 4 - I 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] 16. dRr3hasena 17. mahInetra 18. sucala 16. sunetra kI hai : 20. satyajit 21. vizvajit 22. ripuJjaya 1. zizunAga 2. kAkavarNa 3. kSemavardhana 4. kSemajit 5. prasenajit 6. bimbisAra kAla-nirNaya bArhadratha rAjA 1. mahInetra 2. sucala 3. sunetra 4. satyajit 5. vizvajit 6. ripuMjaya 2010_05 48 varSa 33 32 33 40 83 (draSTavya, vAyu purANa, a0 66, zlo0 zlo0 17-30; F. E. Pargiter, The the Kali Age, pp. 13-17, 67-68 ). isa prakAra 22 rAjAoM kA rAjya kAla 666 varSa hotA hai / gANitika anupAta kI gaNanA meM pratyeka rAjA kA rAjya-kAla 45 45 varSa se kucha adhika hotA hai / isa gaNanA se antima 6 rAjAoM kA kAla 45.45 X 6 : 273 varSa se adhika hotA hai / antima 6 rAjAoM ke vAstavika rAjya kAloM kA yoga bhI 273 varSa hotA hai / dUsare pramANoM ke AdhAra para yaha pAyA jAtA hai ki pradyota kA rAjyAbhiSeka I0 pU0 546 meM huA thA ( draSTavya, 'niSkarSa kI puSTi ' ) / isakA tAtparya yaha huA ki avantI meM bArhadratha rAjA ripuMjaya kA rAjyAnta I0 pU0 546 meM huA / hamArI gaNanA ke anusAra I0 pU0 544 meM ajAtazatru kA rAjya prArambha hotA hai / DaoN0TI0 ela0 zAha ne zizunAga vaMza ke rAjAoM kA rAjya-kAla isa prakAra purANoM ke AdhAra para mAnA hai : samaya ( I0 pU0 822-786 786-757 757-717 717-634 634-566 566-546 50, 36,, 43 " 38 " aba yadi isa kAla krama ke sAtha bArhadratha vaMza ke antima 6 rAjAoM ke kAlakrama tulanA 'kI jAtI hai, to ina donoM vaMzoM kI samasAmayikatA pUrNataH siddha ho jAtI 35, 50 " == " samagra 666 varSa 264-306; matsya purANa, a0 271, Purana Text of the Dynasties of zizunAga kAkavarNa kSemavardhana " zunAga rAjA 27 60 varSa 36" kSemajit prasenajit bimbisAra e samaya ( I0 pU0 ) 807-747 747-711 711-661 611-625 625-582 582-544

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 aitihAsika tathyoM ke sAtha bhI saMgati nahIM paatiiN| "ajAtazatru ke rAjyakAla ke AThaveM varSa meM buddha kA nirvANa huA'', "azoka kA rAjyAbhiSeka buddha-nirvANa ke 218 varSa pazcAt huA'2.---Adi mAnyatAe~ inameM pramukha haiN| magadha meM bimbisAra ke pazcAt sAtavA~ rAjA ajAtazatru huA aura avantI meM ripUjaya ke pazcAt pradyota huA, jinakI samasAmayitA nirvivAdatayA siddha ho cukI hai| inase Age ke rAjavaMzoM kI carcA 'kAla-gaNanA para punarvicAra' meM kI gaI hai| isa prakAra purANoM ke AdhAra para prAg-buddha rAjAoM kI kAla-gaNanA pUrNatayA saMgata ho jAtI hai tathA silonI granthoM kI kAla-gaNanA kI asaMgatatA pramANita ho jAtI hai / 1. draSTavya-mahAvIra aura buddha kI samasAmayikatA, sampAdakIya / 2. hulTsa ne isa viSaya meM sandeha prakaTa kiyA hai| dekheM, Inscription of Asoka, p. XXXIII. isa viSaya meM TI0 DablU 0 rAisa DeviDsa kA nimna mantavya bhI draSTavya hai: According to the Raja-Parampara, or line of Kings, in the Ceylon chronicles, the date of the great decease would be 543 B.C., which is arrived at by adding to the date 161 B.C' (from which the reliable portion of the history begins) two periods of 146 and 236 years. The first purports to give the time which elapsed between 161 B.C. and the great Buddhist church council held under Asoka, and in the eighteenth year of his reign at Patna, and the second to give the interval between that Council and the Buddha's death. It would result from the first calculation that the date of Ashoka's coronation would be 325 B.C. (146+161+18). But we know that this must contain a blunder or blunders, as the date of Ashoka's coronation can be fixed, as above stated, with absolute certainty, within year or two either way of 267 B.C. Would it then be sound criticism to accept the other-earlier, period of 236 years found in those chronicles-a period which we cannot test by Greek chronology-and by simply adding the Ceylon calculation of 236 years to the European date for the cighteenth year of Asoka (that in cicra 249 B.C.) to conclude that the Buddha died in or about 485 B.C.? I cannot think so. The further we go back the greater does the probability of error become, not less. The most superficial examination of the details of this earlier period shows too that 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA kAla nirNaya vizeSa dhyAna dene kI bAta to yaha hai ki aneka itihAsakAroM ne ina silonI granthoM kI prAmANikatA ke viSaya meM bahuta samaya pahale hI saMdigdhatA vyakta kara dI thii| DaoN0 vI0 e0 smitha IsvI san 1907 meM hI likha cuke the : "ina siMhalI-kathAoM kI, jinakA mUlya AvazyakatA se adhika A~kA jAtA hai, sAvadhAnI pUrvaka samIkSA kI AvazyakatA hai...|" DaoN0 hemacandra rAya caudharI ne DaoN0 smitha kI isa cetAvanI ko mAnyatA dI hai aura mAnA hai ki mahAvaMza kI kathAoM ko aitihAsika dhAraNAoM kA AdhAra nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| DaoN0 zAntilAla zAha ne bauddha kAla-gaNanA meM jo asaMgatatA hai, use "jAnabUjha kara kiyA gayA golamAla' mAnA hai| DaoN0 zAha likhate haiM : "bauddha paramparA (silonI paramparA) kI yaha vicitratA hai ki usameM mukhyatayA bauddha dharma ke hInayAna sampradAya kA itihAsa diyA gayA hai aura bAda meM silona meM hue isake vikAsa kA itihAsa diyA gayA hai; kyoMki bauddha dharma kA udgama bhArata meM huA thA, phira bhI usakA vikAsa silona meM huA / isa bhaugolika maryAdA ke, jo ki silona ke itihAsa ke saMrakSaNa meM eka pramukha nimitta hai, phalasvarUpa isa paramparA meM bhArata kI apekSA silona ke bAre meM adhika pUrNa byaurA milatA hai / jo vyakti dIpavaMza aura mahAvaMza kI yojanA va viSaya se paricita hai, vaha isa bAta se kadAcit hI anabhijJa rahegA ki ina donoM granthoM meM milane vAlA uttara bhAratIya rAjAoM kA byorA kevala prAsaMgika hai aura alpa mahattva rakhatA hai| yaha niSkarSa dIpavaMza aura mahAvaMza kI they are unreliable; and what reliance would it be wise to place upon the total, apart from the details, when we find it mentioned for the first time in a work Dipavamasa, written eight centuries after the date it is proposed to fix ? If further proof were needed, we have it in the fact that the Dipavamsa actually contains the details of another calculation not based on the list of Kings (Raja-Parampara), but on a list of Theras (Thera-Parampara) stretching back from Asoka's time to the time of the great Teacher--which contradicts this calculation of 236 years. -S.B.E., vol. XI, Introduction to Maha-Parinirvana Sutta, p. XLVI. 8. These Sinhalese stories, the value of which has been sometimes over-estimated, demand cautious criticism........ - Early History of India, p. 9. 2. Political History of Ancient India, P. 6. 3. Chronological Problems, p.41 ____ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 vicitra racanA se pUrNatayA puSTa ho jAtA hai|" isa prakAra kI aneka asaMgatiyoM ke hote hue bhI buddha-nirvANa-kAla kA nizcaya karane ke lie kiye gaye aba taka ke prayatnoM meM silonI kAla-gaNanA ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki buddha ke tithi-krama aura vAstavika jIvana-prasaMgoM ke bIca asaMgati pAI jAtI hai| kAla-gaNanA para punarvicAra jaina kAla-gaNanA tathA sarvamAnya aitihAsika tithiyoM aura tathyoM ke AdhAra para zizunAga-vaMza ke saMsthApaka zizunAga se lekara avantI meM candragupta maurya ke rAjyArohaNa 1. mahAvaMza kA viSayAnukrama isa prakAra hai : 1. tathAgata kA laMkA Agamana 2. mahAsammata kA vaMza 3. prathama saMgIti 4. dvitIya saMgIti 5. tRtIya saMgIti 6. vijaya kA Agamana 7. vijaya kA rAjyAbhiSeka 8. pAMDDa vAsudeva kA rAjyAbhiSeka 6. abhaya kA rAjyAbhiSeka (draSTavya, mahAvaMza anu0 gAigara, pR08) p. The pecularity of the Buddhist tradition (the Ceylonese tradition) that it confines itself firstly to the history of the Hinayana Buddhism and secondly to the history of its development in Ceylon, since Buddhism although originating India, had found its development in Ceylon. Because of this territorial limitation, wich has been a great factor for the preservation of the history of Ceylon, the account of this tradition about Ceylon is much more perfect than that about India, One who is acquainted with the scheme and content of the Dipavamsa and Mahavamsa will hardly fail to notice that the account of North Indian kings in these two books is only occasional and minor importance. This conclusion is absolutely borne out by the typical construction of the Dipavamsa and Mahavamsa. -Chronological Problems, p. 19. ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] kAla - nirNaya 63 taka kA tithi krama aba hama nizcita kara sakate haiN| nimna tithiyoM kA nizcaya hama kara cuke haiM : ajAtazatru kA rAjyArohaNa gozAlaka kI mRtyu mahAvIra - nirvANa pAlaka-vaMza nanda-vaMza candragupta maurya kA rAjyAropaNa I0 60 pU0 543 I0 pU0 527 candragupta maurya kA magadha rAjyArohaNa I0 pU0 322 candragupta maurya kA avantI rAjyArohaNa I0 pU0 312 jaina kAla-gaNanA ke anusAra avantI meM mahAvIra - nirvANa ke pazcAt 60 varSa pAlakavaMza aura 155 varSa nanda vaMza kA rAjya rahA / tadanusAra avantI kA rAjya-kAla-gaNanA isa prakAra banatI hai : I0 0 pU0 544 ajAtazatru (koNika) udAyI anuruddha-muNDa I0 pU0 527 - I0 pU0 467 I0 pU0 467 - I0 pU0 312 I0 pU0 312 magadha kI rAjya-kAla-gaNanA ke sambandha meM hameM nirvANa ke pazcAt magadha meM zizunAga vaMza kA unake bAda nanda vaMza kA rAjya sthApita huA / isa prakAra magadha meM yaha jAnakArI milatI hai ki mahAvIra - rAjya 53 yA 54 varSa taka rahA aura zizunAga vaMza kA 1. muni kalyANavijayajI tathA DaoN0 TI0 ela0 zAha ne jaina, bauddha aura paurANika kAlagaNanA ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke AdhAra para zizunAga vaMza aura nanda vaMza ke rAjAoM ke rAjya-kAla kI gaNanA kI hai / vistAra ke lie dekheM, vIra- nirvANa-saMvat aura jaina kAla-gaNanA, pR0 25- 6; prAcIna bhAratavarSa, khaNDa 1 / 2010_05 2. DaoN0 TI0 ela0 zAha ( pUrva uddhRta grantha) ke anusAra mahAvIra - nirvANa ke pazcAt magadha meM zizunAga vaMza ke rAjAoM kA rAjya-kAla isa prakAra rahA : 30 varSa 16 8 kula 54 varSa mahAvIra - nirvANa-kAla I0 pU0 527 hai; ataH magadha meM zizunAga vaMza kA anta I0 pU0 473 meM hotA hai / muni kalyANa vijayajI ( pUrva uddhRta grantha, pR0 28) ne purANoM ke AdhAra para ajAtazatru va udayI kA rAjya kAla kramaza: 37 aura 33 varSa mAnA hai / jaisA ki pramANita kiyA jA cukA hai, mahAvIra kA nirvANa ajAtazatru ke rAjyArohaNa ke 17 varSa pazcAt huA; ata: isa gaNanA se bhI magadha meM zizunAga vaMza kA anta mahAvIrake 53 varSa pazcAt arthAt I0 pU0 474 meM hotA hai / "1

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 anta aura nanda-vaMza kA prArambha I0 pU0 474-3 meM hotA hai| purANoM ke anusAra zizunAgavaMza ke 10 rAjAoM ne magadha meM 333 varSa taka rAjya kiyaa| tadanusAra zizunAga vaMza kA rAjyArambha-kAla I0 pU0 807 meM AtA hai| isa prakAra magadha zizunAga vaMza ke 10 rAjAoM kA rAjya-kAla I0 pU0 807-474 hai| inameM se prathama pAMca rAjAoM kA samaya I0 pU0 1. nanda-vaMza kA rAjya magadha meM I0pU0474-3 meM tathA avantI meM I0pU0 467 meM huA, isakI puSTi aitihAsika AdhAra para bhI hotI hai| yaha eka sarvamAnya aitihAsika tathya hai ki usa samaya meM magadha aura avantI ke bIca kAphI saMgharSa cala rahA thaa| isase yaha sambhava lagatA hai ki prathama nanda rAjA ne magadha meM apanA rAjya sthApita karane ke 6 yA 7 varSa bAda avantI kA rAjya jIta liyA ho| yaha to sabhI itihAsakAroM dvArA nirvivAdatayA mAnA jAtA hai ki nandoM ne bhArata meM ekachatra rAjya (ekarATa| sthApita kiyA thaa| draSTavya, Dr. H.C. Raychaudhuri, Political History of Ancient India, p. 234; Nilakantha Shastri, Age of Nandas and Mauryas, pp. 11-20. 2. yahA~ yaha dhyAna denA Avazyaka hai ki yadyapi purANoM meM zizunAga vaMza kA samagra rAjya kAla 362 varSa batAyA gayA hai, phira bhI bhinna-bhinna rAjAoM kA jo rAjya-kAla vahA~ diyA gayA hai, usakA yogaphala 333 varSa hotA hai| draSTavya, vAyu purANa, a. 66, zlo0 315-21 ; mahAmahopAdhyAya vizvesaranAtha reu-bhArata ke prAcIna rAjavaMza, khaNDa 2, pRSTha 54 / 3. jaisA ki hama dekha cuke haiM, zizunAga ko bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA samakAlIna mAnA jAtA hai / pArzvanAtha kA nirvANa mahAvIra-nirvANa se 250 varSa pUrva huA thA aura usakI samagra Ayu 100 varSa thI ; ataH pArzvanAtha kA samaya I0 pU0 877-I0 pU0 777 hai (draSTavya, Political History of Ancient India, p.97) zizunAga kA kAla hamArI gaNanA ke anusAra I0 pU0 807-747 AtA hai| isa prakAra zizunAga aura bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI samakAlInatA puSTa ho jAtI hai| 4. hama dekha cuke haiM ki DaoN0 TI0 ela0 zAha ke anusAra zizunAga ke bAda kramazaH kAka varNa, kSemavardhana, kSemajit aura prasenajit rAjA hue| prasenajit kA ullekha purANoM meM nahIM milatA kintu jaina paramparA meM prasenajit ko bimbisAra kA pitA mAnA gayA hai| yaha bhI batAyA jAtA hai ki prasenajit ne magadha kI rAjadhAnI kusthAla se haTAkara giribraja meM banAI (prAcIna bhAratavarSa, khaNDa 1) / prasenajit kA ullekha bauddha grantha divyAvadAna (pR0 366 meM zizunAga va kAkavarNa ke vaMzajoM meM AyA hai| dekheM, Political History of Ancient India, p. 222. ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] kAla- nirNaya 65 vimbisAra ke 807-582 hai / ' I0 pU0 5=2 meM bimbisAra kA rAjya prArambha hotA hai| pazcAt ajAtazatru kA rAjyArambha-kAla nizcita rUpa se I0 pU0 544 tathA yaha bhI nizcita kiyA jA cukA hai ki mahAvIra nirvANa ke 17 varSa pUrva ajAtazatru ke rAjya kA prArambha huA tathA 30 varSa pazcAt usakA anta huA / isa prakAra ajAtazatru kA rAjya-kAla I0 pU0 544 - 467 hotA hai / ajAtazatru ke pazcAt usakA putra udAyI magadha kA rAjA huA / udAyI ne 16 varSa rAjya kiyA; ataH udAyI kA rAjya-kAla I0 pU0 467 - 481 hotA hai / tatpazcAt aniruddha-muNDa ke 8 varSa ke rAjya kAla ke bAda I0 pU0 473 se magadha meM zizunAga vaMza kA aMta huaa| zizunAga vaMza ke bAda nanda vaMza kA rAjya prArambha huA / nanda 1. DaoN0 TI0 ela0 zAha ne pahale pA~ca rAjAoM kA kAla 225 varSa tathA antima pA~ca rAjAoM kA kAla 108 varSa mAnA hai ; ataH bimbisAra kA rAjyArambha I0 pU0 582 tathA zizunAga vaMza kA anta I0 pU0 474 meM AtA hai / 2. DaoN0 vI0 e0 smitha ne bhI bimbisAra kA rAjyArohaNa-kAla I0 pU0 582 mAnA hai; dekheM, Oxford History of India, p. 45. / 3. jaina-kAla-gaNanA ajAtazatru ke bAda udAyI ko rAjA mAnatI hai| purANoM ke anusAra ajAtazatru ke bAda kramazaH darzaka, udAyI, nandIvardhana aura mahAnandI rAjA hue| bauddha granthoM ke anusAra udIyabhadra, aniruddha va muNDa rAjA hue| vastutaH nandIvardhana aura mahAnandI nandavaMza ke rAjA the (dekheM, Age kI TippaNa) darzaka kA ullekha purANoM ke atirikta svapnavAsavadattA jaise prasiddha saMskRta nATaka meM rAjagRha ke rAjA ke rUpa meM huA hai| muni kalyANa vijayajI ne (pUrva uddhRta grantha, pR0 22- 3) pramANita kiyA hai ki darzaka magadha kI mukhya gaddI campA yA pATalIputra kA rAjA na hokara rAjagRha-zAkhA kA rAjA thA / bimbisAra ke pazcAt ajAtazatru ne magadha kI mukhya rAjadhAnI campA meM banAI; aisA spaSTa ullekha jaina AgamoM meM milatA hai tathA jaina evaM bauddha kAla-gaNanA ajAtazatru ke bAda udAyI kA hI ullekha karatI hai| isase yahI anumAna lagatA hai ki darzaka magadha kI mukhya gaddI kA adhikArI nahIM thA / kucha vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki darzaka bimbisAra ke aneka putroM aura praputroM meM se koI eka ho sakatA hai, jaise DaoN0 sItAnAtha pradhAna ne mAnA hai - " darzaka bimbisAra ke aneka putroM meM se eka ho sakatA hai, jo bimbisAra ke jIvana meM hI rAja kArya kI dekhabhAla karane lagA ho / " (Chronology of Ancient India, p. 212 ) ; tathA draSTavya, Political History of Ancient, India, by H. C. Raychaudhuri, p. 130; Mahavamsa tr. by Geiger, introduction.) / DaoN0 sItAnAtha pradhAna ne yaha bhI likhA hai - "viSNu purANa kA vaha vaMzAnukrama, jisameM ajAtazatru aura udayAzva ke bIca darzaka kA ullekha hai, asvIkArya hai / " (Chronology of Ancient India, (p. 217 ) ataH magadha meM zizunAga vaMza kI rAjya-kAla-gaNanA meM darzaka ginanA Avazyaka nahIM hai | 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 vaMza kA prathama rAjA nandIvardhana thaa|' magadha meM I0 pU0 473 meM rAjya sthApita karane ke pazcAt nandIvardhana ne I0 pU0 467 meM avantI para vijaya prApta kii| vahA~ pAlaka vaMza yA prAdyotoM kA anta kiyA tathA nanda-vaMza kA rAjya sthApita kiyaa| yaha pratIta hotA hai ki 1. bauddha-kAla-gaNanA ke anusAra aniruddha-muNDa ke pazcAt nAgadazaka aura zuzunAga ne kramazaH 24 va 18 varSa rAjya kiyA (mahAvaMza pariccheda 4, gAthA 4-6) / purANoM meM darzaka aura nandIvardhana kA kAla kramazaH 24 aura 42 (athavA 40) batAyA gayA hai (vAya-pUrANa, a066, zlo0 320 : matsyapurANa, a0 271, zlo. 10) / lagatA hai. purANoM kA darzaka aura bauddhoM kA nAgadazaka eka hI vyakti hai, jaise kucha itihAsakAroM ne mAnA hai (DA0 rAdhAkumuda mukharjI-hindU sabhyatA pR0 265; E.J. Rapson Combridge Histoay of India, p. 279.) yaha bhI sambhava hai ki darzaka yA nAgadazaka ne rAjagaha kI zAkhA-gaddI para 24 varSa rAjya kiyA aura usI ke samakAla meM magadha kI mukhya gaddI (pATaliputra) meM udAyI (16 varSa va aniruddha-muNDa (varSa) ne rAjya kiyaa| maNDa ke pazcAta darzaka yA nAgadazaka ne magadha kI mukhya gahI para kabjA kara liyA aura nandIvardhana nAma rakha kara nanda-vaMza kI sthApanA kI tathA 15 varSa rAjya kiyA (DaoN0 TI0 ela0 zAha-prAcIna bhAratavarSa) / purANoM meM jo nandIvardhana kA rAjya-kAla 42 varSa batAyA gayA hai, vaha rAjagRha ke 24 varSa aura pATaliputra ke 18 varSa milAkara ho sakatA hai| bauddha gaNanA meM aniruddhamaNDa ke pazcAta jo zuzunAga kA ullekha hai, vaha bhI nandIvardhana ke lie hI ho sakatA haiM ; kyoMki zizunAga vaMza kA hone se use zaizunAga yA zuzunAga bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| 2. purANoM ke anusAra pulaka (athavA sunaka) nAmaka maMtrI ne apane rAjA ripuJjaya kA vadha kara apane putra pradyota ko avantI kI gaddI para baiThAyA (vAyu-purANa, a0 66 zlo0 306-314, matsya-purANa, a0 271, zlo0 1-4) hama dekha cuke haiM ki bArhadrathoM ke pazcAt avantI meM prAdyotoM kA rAjya prArambha huaa| prAdyotoM ke pA~ca rAjA isa prakAra hue: 1. pradyota (mahAsena athavA caNDapradyota) 2. pAlaka 3. vizAkhayUpa 4. ajaka (yA gopAlaka) 5. avantIvardhana (athavA bartIvardhana) jaina kAla-gaNanA ke anusAra pAlaka kA rAjyAbhiSeka usI dina huA, jisa dina mahAvIra kA nirvANa huA tathA usake vaMza kA rAjya-kAla 60 varSa taka rhaa| paurANika kAla gaNanA meM pAlaka kA rAjya-kAla 20 varSa mAnA gayA hai (draSTavya, The purana Text of Dynesties of the Kali Age, p. 9. foot-note 26) / yadyapi purANoM kI kucha pratiyoM meM 24 varSa kA ullekha hai| phira bhI vidvAnoM ne 20 varSa ko hI sahI mAnA hai (draSTavya, Dr. Shanti Lal Shah, Chronological problems, p. 26) / tIsare pradyota rAjA vizAkhayUpa kA rAjya-kAla purANoM meM 53(athavA 85)varSa batAyA ___ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] kAla - nirNaya avantI - vijaya ke pazcAt nandIvardhana ne kaliMga para AkramaNa kiyA aura vahA~ se eka jaina-mUrti ko uThAkara magadha le AyA / hAthIgumphA zilAlekha ke AdhAra para isa ghaTanA kA samaya I0 pU0 466 pramANita hotA hai / " 67 gayA hai, kintu mRcchakaTika jaisI sAhityika kRtiyoM ke AdhAra para vidvAnoM ne pramAfra kiyA hai ki pAlaka kA uttarAdhikArI ajaka yA gopAlaka thA; ataH vizAkhayUpa ko pAlaka - vaMza meM nahIM ginanA cAhie jaise - DaoN0 zAntilAla zAha ne likhA hai : "What about Visahakhayupa who occurs in the Purana in between Palak and Aryak? According to the family history of Pradyota which we have seen just now, there is no place for Visakhayupa in between Palaka and Ajaka as reported"--Chronological Problems, p. 27 / majadUmadAra zAstrI ne likhA hai : "Visakhayupa has been Introduced between Palaka and Ajaka, but as that name does not occur in all Mss. we ought to take no notice of him."Journal of Bihar and Orissa Research Society, vol. VII, p. 116 ) / DaoN0 ramAzaMkara tripAThI ne likhA hai : "purANoM meM pAlaka aura ajaka ke bIca vizAkhapa kA nAma rakhA gayA hai, yaha sambhavatayA bhUla hai" (prAcIna bhArata kA itihAsa, pR0 72 ) / isa prakAra 20 varSa ke pAlaka ke rAjya kAla ke bAda ajaka rAjA huA / purANoM meM ajaka kA rAjya kAla 21 varSa batAyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt avantI vardhana yA bartI vardhana ne 20 varSa rAjya kiyA / isa prakAra pAlaka, ajaka aura avantIvardhana ne 61 varSa rAjya kiyA aura usake bAda pradyotoM kA anta huA / isa prakAra jaina evaM paurANika donoM hI kAla-gaNanAeM pAlaka vaMza kA rAjya 60 yA 61 varSa mAnatI haiM (tulanA kIjie, Chronological Problems pp. 25-27 ) / 1. kaliMga ke rAjA khAravela ke hAthIgumphA zilAlekha meM do bAra nanda rAjA kA ullekha huA hai ( draSTavya, E. J. Rapson, Cambridge History of India, vol I, P. 280) / isa zilAlekha kI chuTTI paMkti meM likhA gayA hai: "paMcame vedAni base nanda rAjA ti-vasa-sata ogAhitaM -- taMsuliya-vAta panadi (m ) nagara pavesa ( yati ) ... " " ora (apane rAjya kAla ke ) pA~caveM varSa meM vaha ( khAravela ) 300 varSa pUrva nanda rAjA dvArA khodI gaI nahara tosalI taMsuliya ko rAjadhAnI meM lAtA hai (athavA nahara ke dvArA nagara - vizeSa meM praveza karatA hai athavA nahara se sambandhita kisI sArvajanika kArya ko karatA hai) / " kucha vidvAn 'ti trasa sata' kA anuvAda ' (nanda rAjA ke ) 103 veM varSa meM' karate haiM, para DaoN0 ke0 pI0 jAyasavAla, DaoN0 Ara0 DI0 banarjI Adi vidvAnoM ne isakA artha "300 varSa" hI kiyA hai (draSTavya, Journal of Bihar and Orissa Research Society, Dec. 1917, pp. 425 ff.) / DaoN0 zAntilAla zAha ne likhA hai : "ti-vasa-sata kA artha nizcita rUpa se 300 varSa hai, 103 varSa nahIM (dekheM, DaoN0 banarjI kA lekha, J.B.OR.S., vol. III, d. 496 ff.) / maiM isake sAtha yaha jor3anA cAhatA hUM ki 'varSa' zabda kA prayoga samAsa meM huA hai, isalie 'sata' zabda eka vacana 2010_05 -

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana meM prayukta huA hai, na ki bahuvacana meN|" (Chronological Problems p. 42f.n.) isa zilAlekha se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki ukta nanda rAjA khAravela ke rAjyakAla ke 5veM varSa se 300 varSa pUrva haA thaa| DaoN. jAyasavAla ne yaha bhI pramANita kiyA hai ki yaha nanda rAjA nandIvardhana hI thA (op. cit; vol. XIII, p. 240) / ukta zilAlekha kI solahavIM paMkti meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki khAravela ke rAjyakAla kA terahavA~ varSa maurya saMvat ke 165veM varSa meM par3atA hai| zilAlekha kI paMkti isa prakAra hai : "pANaMtariya saThivasatata rAjA muriyakAle vocchinaM ca coyaThiaga sataka turiyaM upAdayati"-"usane (khAravela ne) rAjA muriya-kAla kA 164vAM varSa jaba samApta hI huA thA (vocchina) 165veM varSa meM (agalI paMktiyoM meM ullikhita cIjoM ko) krvaayaa|" isa paMkti ke artha ke viSaya meM bhI sabhI vidvAn ekamata nahIM haiN| kucha vidvAn isameM kisI tArIkha kA ullekha huA hai, aisA nahIM mAnate, jabaki kucha vidvAnoM ne isakA khaNDana kiyA hai| draSTavya,(Chronological Problems pp 47-8) / suprasiddha itihAsakAra I0 je0 repasana ne isa viSaya meM yaha TippaNI kI haiN| "kyA isa zilAlekha meM tArIkha kA ullekha hai ? yaha mUlabhUta prazna bhI aba taka vivAdAspada hai| kucha vidvAn mAnate haiM ki solahavIM paMkti se yahI tAtparya nikalatA hai ki yaha zilAlekha maurya rAjAoM ke (athavA rAjA ke) 165veM varSa meM likhA gayA / jaba ki anya kucha vidvAn aisI koI tArIkha kA ullekha huA hai, aisA nahIM mAnate / yadyapi isa prakAra kI samasyAoM para vicAra-vimarza karanA prastuta grantha ke kSetra se bAhara kI bAta hai, phira bhI yaha batAyA jA sakatA hai ki kisI bhI rUpa meM yaha zilAlekha IsA pUrva dvitIya zatAbdI ke lagabhaga madhya kA hai| hameM samAna udAharaNoM se jJAta hotA hai ki rAjavaMzoM ke saMvat kA prArambha prAyaH vaMza-sthApaka ke adikAla se mAnA jAtA hai| isalie maurya saMvat kA prArambha candragupta maurya ke rAjyAbhiSeka-kAla I0 pU0 321 se mAnA jA sakatA hai tathA isI saMvat kA prayoga isa zilAlekha meM huA ho, to isa zilAlekha kA samaya I0 pU0 156 honA cAhie aura khAravela ke rAjyArambha kA samaya I0 pU0 166 ke lagabhaga honA caahie| isa AnumAnika kAla-nirNaya ke sAtha isa tArIkha se sambandhita anya tathya bhI saMgata hote haiN|| "purAtattvIya dRSTi se cintana karane para khAravela ke hAthIgumphA ke zilAlekha va nAMganika ke nAnAghATa ke zilAlekha kA samaya vahI AtA hai, jo kRSNa ke nAsika zilAlekha kA hai (Buhler, Archaeological Survey of Western India, vol. V, p. 71 Indische Palaeographie, p. 39) / isalie yadi aisA mAnA bhI jAye ki khAravela ke zilAlekha meM tArIkha kA koI ullekha nahIM hai to bhI yaha mAnane ke lie paryApta pramANa hai ki khAravela I0pU0 dvitIya zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM hue zAtakarNA kA samakAlIna thaa| itanA hI nahIM, hAthI gumphA zilAlekha meM hI zAtakarNI kA ullekha khAravela ke pratispardhA ke rUpa meM huA hai tathA yaha pUrNataH sambhava lagatA hai ki vaha nAnAghATa zilAlekha meM ullikhita zAtakarNI se abhinna thaa|" (Cambridge History of India, vol. I, pp. 281-2.) ____ 2010_05

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EE itihAsa aura paramparA] kAla-nirNaya isa prakAra apane 18 (athavA 16) varSa ke rAjya-kAla meM nanda-vaMza ko susthApanA isa prakAra maurya samvat kA prArambha I0 pU0 322 meM (candragupta maurya kA rAjyAbhiSeka-kAla) mAnane para khAravela kA rAjyAbhiSeka-kAla I0pU0 170 meM AtA hai aura isake rAjya-kAla kA pAMcavAM varSa I0 pU0 166 meM AtA hai| isase 300 varSa pUrva arthAt I0pU0 466 meM nanda rAjA ne kaliMga para AkramaNa kiyA thA, yaha pramANita hotA hai / isI nanda rAjA kA ullekha hAthIgumphA zilAlekha kI 12vIM paMkti meM bhI kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ batAyA gayA hai ki apane rAjya ke bArahaveM varSa meM khAravela ne uttarApatha ke rAjAoM meM AtaMka phailA diyA, magadha ke lokoM meM bhaya utpanna kara diyA, apane hAthiyoM ko 'suo garigeya' meM praviSTa karavAyA, magadharAja bRhaspati mitra ko nicA dikhAyA, nanda rAjA ke dvArA apahRta jaina mUrti ko kaliMga meM vApisa le AyA tathA aMga va magadha se vijaya ke pratIka rUpa kucha ratna prApta kiye (draSTavya, J. B.O. R.S., vol. IV, p.401; vol. XIII, p. 732) / ina paMktiyoM ke AdhAra para khAravela kA Upara kiyA gayA kAla-nirNaya bhI puSTa ho jAtA hai, kyoMki inameM ullikhita bRhaspati mitra kI pahacAna zuMgavaMzIya rAjA puSyamitra ke sAtha kI jAtI hai, jisakA samaya paurANika kAla-gaNanA ke AdhAra para I0 pU0 185-150 svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura khAravela kA 12vA varSa I0 pU0 156 meM AtA hai, jo ki puSyamitra ke kAla ke sAtha samakAlIna ThaharatA hai / draSTavya, Chiman Lal Jechand Shah, Jainism in North India, (Gujarati Translation), pp. 159-62; Dr. V. A. Smith, Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, 1918, p. 545; Dr. K. P. Jayswal, op. cit., vol. III, p. 447; Dr. Shanti Lal Shah, op. cit., pp. 53-55.) / __yaha nanda rAjA nandIvardhana hI thA--hamArA yaha mantavya aneka itihAsakAroM dvArA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / DaoN0 vI0 e0 smitha ne likhA hai : "(hAthIgumphA zilAlekha meM) ullikhita nanda-rAjA purANoM meM batAyA gayA zizunAga vaMza kA havA rAjA nandIvardhana hI hai, aisA lagatA hai| yaha Avazyaka lagatA hai ki ise aura isake uttarAdhikArI 10veM rAjA mahAnandI ko nandoM meM hI ginanA cAhie, jo nanda 10veM rAjA tathA candragupta ke bIca hue nava nandoM se pRthak the / 'arlI hisTrI oNpha iNDiyA, ke tRtIya saMskaraNa meM maiMne nandIvardhana kA rAjyArohaNa samaya I0 pU0 418 mAnA thA, kintu aba vaha samaya I0 pU0 470 yA usase bhI pUrva kA honA caahie|" (Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, 1918, p. 547) i Cambridge History of India ke pramukha sampAdana I0 je0 repasana ne niSkarSa rUpa se likhA hai : "(hAthIgumphA) zilAlekha kI chaTThI paMkti meM Aye 'ti-vasa-sata' kA artha yadi '300 varSa' hotA hai, to yaha nizcita hai ki I0 pU0 pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke madhya meM kaliMga nanda rAjA ke Adhipatya meM thA aura vaha nanda rAjA moryoM ke suprasiddha pUrvavartI rAjAoM meM se hI thA, yaha svAbhAvika hai|" (vol, I. p., 504) 2010_05

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100 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana kara prathama nanda rAjA nandIvardhana I0 pU0 445 meM divaMgata huaa|' prathama nanda rAjA nandI. vardhana kA yaha kAla / (I0 pU0 474-456) prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa pANini kI tithi se bhI puSTa hotA hai, jo usakA samakAlIna siddha ho cukA hai aura jisakA kAla I0 pU0480-410 pramANita ho cukA hai| 1. nandIvardhana kA rAjyAnta I0 pU0 456 meM huA; isakI puSTi isa tathya se bhI hotI hai ki alaberunI ke anusAra nanda saMvat kA Arambha vikrama saMvat (I0 pU0 56) se 400 varSa pUrva huA thA (draSTavya, Dr. K. P. Jayswal, op. cit. vol XIII, p. 240%; gaMgAprasAda mehatA, prAcIna bhArata, pR0 103) / yaha sarvathA sambhava hai ki nanda-vaMza ke saMsthApaka nandIvardhana kI mRtyu ke upalakSya meM nanda saMvat kA prArambha huA ho| 2. prAcIna brAhmaNa evaM bauddha paramparAe~ pANini ko nanda rAjA kA samakAlIna batAtI haiN| prasiddha tibbatI itihAsakAra tAranAtha ke anusAra pANini mahApadma ke pitA nandarAjA mahAnandI kA mitra thA (History of Buddhism, p. 1608) / bauddha grantha maMjuzrImUlakalpa meM ullekha milatA hai : tasyApyantaro rAjA nandanAmA bhaviSyati / puSpAkhye nagaraM zrImAna mahAsanyo mhaavlH| bhaviSyati tadA kAle brAhmaNa stAkikA bhavi // tebhiH parivArito rAjA vai| tasyApyanyatamaH sakhyaH pANi nirmAma maannvaaH|| (paTala 53, pR0 611-2, Dr. Jayswal, Studies on Manusjhrimutakalpa, p. 14.) puSpapura meM nanda rAjA hogA aura pANini nAmaka brAhmaNa usake nikaTa kA mitra hogaa| rAjA kI sabhA meM aneka tArkika hoMge aura rAjA unako pAritoSikoM se sammAnita kregaa| ina pramANoM ke atirikta somadeva ke 'kathAsaritsAgara' va kSemendra kI 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI' se bhI isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai ki pANini nanda rAjA kA samakAlIna thaa| cInI yAtrI hya-ena-tsAMga kA vivaraNa bhI isa tathya kI puSTi karatA hai| draSTavya, DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, pANinikAlIna bhAratavarSa, pR0 467-480 / DaoN0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne sAhityika, aitihAsika va pAramparika pramANoM ke AdhAra para siddha kiyA hai ki pANini kA samaya I0 pU0 480-410 thaa| DaoN. agravAla ne jaina kAla-gaNanA kI isa mAnyatA ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai ki nandoM kA kAla I0 pU0 473-323 thA (pANinikAlIna bhAratavarSa, pR0 473) / DaoN0 agravAla isase bhI sahamata haiM ki I0pU0465 meM prathama nanda rAjA nandIvardhana pATilapatra meM rAjya kara rahA thA (vahI, p0474)| itanA hI nahIM unhoMne pANini ke vyAkaraNa kA uddharaNa dekara yaha pramANita kiyA hai ki nandIvardhana prathama nanda rAjA thA va usakA putra mahAnandI dvitIya nanda rAjA thA (vahI pR0 474) / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] nandIvardhana ke pazcAt usakA putra mAhanandI nanda-vaMza kA dUsarA rAjA huA aura usane purANoM ke anusAra 43 varSa rAjya kiyaa|' mahAnandI kA samaya I0 pU0 456-413 thaa| tatpazcAt mahApadma nanda rAjA huA aura usane bhArata meM 'ekarAT' sAmrAjya kI sthApanA kii| purANoM ke anusAra usakA rAjya-kAla 88 varSa kA thaa| isa prakAra I0 pU0 325 meM mahApadma nanda kA anta huaa| zeSa nanda rAjAoM ne kevala 12 varSa rAjya kiyA aura I0 pU0 313 meM nanda-vaMza kA anta huaa| isa prakAra zizunAga-vaMza se lekara maurya-vaMza kI sthApanA taka samagra kAla-gaNanA kA punanirmANa kiyA jA sakatA hai| isako kAla-krama tAlikA ke rUpa meM isa prakAra rakhA jA sakatA hai: ghaTanA tithi (I0 pU0) zizunAga vaMza kI sthApanA) zizunAga kA rAjyAbhiSeka kAkavarNa kA rAjyAbhiSeka 747 kSemavardhana , kSemajit , 661 prasenajit / 625 bimbisAra , 582 ajAtazatru, 544 udAyI , ,, (magadha kI mukhya) 467 gaddI pATaliputra meM) (darzaka yA nAgadazaka kA rAjyAbhiSeka (467) magadha kI zAkhA rAjagRha meM) 807 1. vAyu purANa, a0 66, zlo0 326; matsya purANa, a0 271, zlo0 18 / 2. vAyu purANa, a0 66, zlo0 327 / 3. vhii| 4. yaha dhyAna dene yogya hai ki DaoN0 smitha ne bhinna AdhAroM para apanI kAla-gaNanA kA . nirmANa kiyA hai, phira bhI mahApadma nanda kA kAla I0pU0 413-325 mAnA hai| 5. candragupta maurya ne I0 pU0 322 meM nanda-vaMza kA anta kara diyA. para nandoM kA rAjya avantI meM I0 pU0 313 taka calatA rahA / jaba I0 pU0 313 meM candragupta maurya ne avantI kA rAjya jIta liyA, taba vahA~ bhI nanda-vaMza kA anta ho gyaa| kucha itihAsakAroM ne prathama do nanda rAjA nandIvardhana va mahAnandI ke pUrva nanda aura mahApadma nanda tathA usake vaMzajoM ko nava nanda athavA naye nanda ke rUpa meM bhI mAnA hai (draSTavya, Dr. Shantilal Shah, Chronological Problems, pp. 34-37; E. J. Rapson, Cambridge History of India, pp. 289-903; Dr. K. P. Jayswal, J. B. O. R. S. Sept. 1915, p. 21) / ____ 2010_05

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102 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa : 1 481 474 467 aniruddha-muNDa kA rAjyAbhiSeka nanda-vaMza kI sthApanA nandIvardhana kA rAjyAbhiSeka (pATaliputra meM) nandIvardhana kA rAjyAbhiSeka (avantI meM) mahAnandI kA rAjyAbhiSeka mahApadma , " mahApadma ke ATha putroM kA rAjyAbhiSeka maurya-vaMza kI sthApanA candragupta maurya kA rAjyAbhiSeka (magadha meN)| " , , , (avantI meM) 456 413 325 322 3131 1. mahAvaMza, DaoN. smitha va DaoN. zAntilAla zAha dvArA dI gaI kAla-gaNanA kI tAlikAoM ke sAtha isakI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai : 1. mahAvaMza ko kAla-gaNanA-tAlikA (buddha-nirvANa-tithi I0 544 mAnane se tathA buddha kA nirvANa ajAtazatru ke 8 veM varSa meM mAnane se nimna tithiyAM rAjyAbhiSeka-kAla batAtI haiN|) rAjA rAjya-kAla tithi (I0 pU0) bhajAtazatru 32 551 udAyIbhadra 16 516 aniruddha-muNDa nAgadazaka 465 zuzunAga kAlAzoka 453 kAlAzoka-putra navananda 403 candragupta maurya 381 471 425 2. DaoN. smiya-Oxford History of India rAjA rAjya-kAla bimbisAra ajAtazatru 24 tithi (I0 pU0) 582 551 527 503 darzaka udaya 23 ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] buddha-nirvANa kAla : paramparAgata tithiyA~ mahAvIra kA nirvANa kAla jitanA asaMdigdha banAyA jA sakA hai, buddha ke nirvANa-kAla ko utanA asaMdigdha banA pAnA itanA sahaja nahIM hai / buddha-nirvANa-kAla ke sambandha meM sahasroM varSa pUrva bhI saMdigdhatA thI aura Aja bhI vaha bahuta kucha avazeSa hai| cInI yAtrI phAhiyAna, jo I0 san 400 meM yahA~ AyA thA, likhatA hai : " isa samaya taka nirvANa se 1467 varSa vyatIta ho cuke haiN|"" isase buddha-nirvANa kA samaya I0 pU0 1067 ke Asa-pAsa AtA hai / prasiddha cInI yAtrI -ena-tsAMga I0 san 630 meM bhArata yAtrA para AyA thaa| vaha likhatA hai : "zrI buddhadeva 80 varSa taka jIvita rahe / unake nirvANa kI tithi ke viSaya meM bahuta matabheda hai / kucha loga vaizAkha pUrNimA ko unakI nirvANa tithi mAnate haiM / sarvAstivAdI kArtika pUrNimA ko nirvANa tithi mAnate haiM / kucha loga kahate haiM ki nirvANa ko 1200 varSa ho cuke haiM, to kucha loga kahate haiM ki 1500 varSa bIta cuke haiM / kucha loga kahate haiM, nirvANa-kAla ko abhI taka 600 varSoM se kucha adhika samaya huA hai / "" ina dhAraNAoM se to buddha-nirvANa kAla kramaza: I0 pU0 570, I0 pU0 870 tathA I0 pU0 270 se kucha adhika varSa AtA hai / nandIvardhana mahAnandI ukta avadhiyA~ to kevala kiMvadantiyA~ mAtra hI raha jAtI haiM / bauddha paramparAoM ke AdhAra para vartamAna meM aneka tithiyA~ pracalita haiM / eka tithi krama silonI gAthA mahAvaMza para mahApadmananda mahApadmananda ke putra candragupta kAla-nirNaya rAjA ajAtazatru darzaka udAyana ( pUrva nanda ) nandIvardhana kAkavarNa va mahAnandI ( navananda ) nanda (nAI) nanda 'dvitIya' (mahApadma ) candragupta 1. bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA / 2. vahI / 2010_05 61 3. DaoN0 zAntilAla zAha - Chronological Problems rAjya-kAla 32 18 34 20 43 22 66 480 413 322 (? 325) tithi ( I0 pU0 ) 551 516 501 467 447 103 404 382 316

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104 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa : 1 AdhArita hai| isake anusAra buddha-nirvANa I0 pU0 544 meM huA thaa| dUsarA tithikrama 'kenTana ke bindu saMgraha' (Cantonese Dotted Record) para AdhArita hai| isa paramparA kA itihAsa isa prakAra hai : jaba buddha kA nirvANa huA, bhikSu saMghabhadra ne vaha sUcanA cIna phuNcaaii| vahA~ ke kenTana nagara ke logoM ne eka bindu saMgraha (Dotted Record) kI vyavasthA kI, jisakA prArambha bhagavAn buddha kI nirvANa-tithi se kiyA gayA tathA usameM prativarSa eka bindu aura jor3a diyA jaataa| yaha paramparA I0 san 486 taka calatI rahI tathA jaba samasta bindu gine gaye, to unakI saMkhyA 675 jJAta huii| isake anusAra I0 pU0 486 meM gautama buddha kI nirvANa-samaya nirdhArita kiyA gyaa| tIsarA tithi-krama cInI turkistAna meM pracalita hai| kutAna (cInI turkistAna) meM pAye gaye bauddha granthoM meM dI gaI eka danta kathA se patA lagatA hai ki buddha-nirvANa ke 250 varSa bAda azoka hue| usa danta kathA se yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki azoka cIna ke bAdazAha zehvAMgaTI kA samakAlIna thaa| zehvAMgaTI ne I0 pU0 246 se I0 pU0 210 taka rAjya kiyA thaa| isa tithi-krama ke AdhAra para kucha eka vidvAnoM ne buddha kA nirvANa-kAla 246+250 =I0 pU0 466 bhI mAnA hai| itihAsakAroM kA abhimata Azcarya kI bAta yaha hai ki bahuta zodha-kArya ho jAne ke pazcAt bhI itihAsakAra kisI sarvasammata niSkarSa para nahIM pahu~ca sake haiM / adhikAMza vidvAn isa viSaya meM apanAapanA nayA mata sthApita karate jA rahe haiN| vidvAnoM dvArA abhimata buddha-nirvANa-kAla nimna prakAra se haiM: I0 je0 thaoNmasa aura jApAnI vidvAn I0 pU0 386 rAisa DeviDsa I0 pU0 412 maiksa mUlara va zANTiyara I0 pU0 477 ja0 kaniMgahema va dIvAnabahAdura svAmI kannupille10 I0 pU0 478 1. Vincent Smith, Early History of India, p. 49 2.Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, Great Britain, 1905, p. 51. 3. Sarat Chandra Das, Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal, 1886, pp. 193-203; Tchang, Synchronismes Chinois; V. A. Smith, Early History of India, pp. 49-50. 4. janArdana bhaTTa, buddhakAlIna bhArata, pR0371 / %. B. C. Law Commemoration Volume, vol. II, pp. 18-22. 6. Buddhism, pp. 212-213. 9. S. B. E, vol. X, Introduction to Dhammpada, p. XII. 8. Indian Antiquary,XLIII, 1914, pp. 126-133. E. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, vol. 1, Introduction, p. V. 10.An Indian Ephemeris, I, pt. J, 1922, p. 471. ___ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA kAla-nirNaya 105 DaoN0 olDanabarga' I0 pU0480 phaesana' I0 pU0481 DaoN0 byUhalara I0pU0483 va 481 ke bIca DaoN0 vhIlara, DaoN0 gAigara, DA0 phlITa5 I0 pU0 483 tukArAma kRSNa lADU6, rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, I0 pU0483 DaoN0 jekobI DaoN0 eca0 sI0 rAyacaudharI I0 pU0 486 DaoN. smitha kI dUsarI zodha ke anusAra I0 pU0 487 pro0 karna I0 pU0 488 DaoN0 smitha kI prathama zodha ke anusAra I0 pU0 543 paM0 dharmAnanda kosambI3 paM0 bhagavAnalAla indarajI14 I0 pU0 638 ukta tathyoM se yaha niSkarSa to sahaja hI nikala jAtA hai ki ina bAIsa abhimatoM meM unnIsa abhimata aise haiM, jo buddha kA nirvANa-samaya I0 pU0 527 ke pazcAt hI mAnate haiN| yadi I0 pU0 527 ko mahAvIra-nirvANa kA sahI samaya mAna liyA jAtA hai, to ukta unnIsa abhimatoM ke anusAra bhagavAn buddha hI uttaravartI Thaharate haiN| ina abhimatoM meM kramika pariSkAra hotA gayA hai, phira bhI inameM se eka bhI abhimata aisA nahIM hai, jo mahAvIra, buddha, gozAlaka, zreNika, koNika Adi se sambandhita samasta ghaTanA-prasaMgoM ko sAtha lekara cala sakatA ho / isakA tAtparya yaha bhI nikalatA hai ki aba taka 2. S. B. E., vol., XIII, Introduction to Vinaya Pitaka, p. XXII; The Religions of India, by E. W. Hopkins, p. 310. 2.Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, IV, p. 81. 3. Indian Antiquary, VI, p. 149.ff. (Also, see Budddism in Transla tion p. 2). 4. Mahavamsa, Geiger's Translation, p. XXVIII; The Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, 1909, pp. 1-134. 4. Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, 1908, pp. 471 ff. 6. vIra- nirvANa-saMvat aura jaina-kAla-gaNanA, pR0 155 / 7. buddhacaryA, bhUmikA, pR0 1 / 8. zramaNa, varSa 13, aMka 6, pR011 / 6. Political History of Ancient India, p. 227. 10. Early History of India, pp. 46-47. 11. Der Buddhismus, Jaar Telling, vol. II, p. 63. 12. Early Histoy of India, 1924, pp,49-50. 13. bhagavAn buddha, pR0 86, bhUmikA, pR0 12 / 14. Indian Antiquary, vol. XIII, 1884, pp. 411 ff. ____ 2010_05

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mAgama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 ke hamAre cintana meM koI maulika bhUla rahI hai / vaha hai-bauddha kAla-gaNanA kA AdhAra / buddha ke janma aura nirvANa ke kAla-nirdhAraNa meM bauddha kAla-gaNanA kAhI AdhAra mukhyatayA mAnA jAtA rahA hai| yahI kAraNa ho sakatA hai ki unake jIvana-saMsmaraNoM va kAla-krama meM paryApta saMgati nahIM baiTha rahI hai| mahAvIra aura buddha kI samasAmayikatA aisI sthiti meM jaba ki buddha ke janma aura nirvANa kA kAla-krama svayaM meM saMdigdha aura anizcita hI ThaharatA hai, mahAvIra aura unakI samasAyikatA ko pakar3ane ke lie, unake jIvana-prasaMga hI AdhArabhUta pramANa bana jAte haiM / buddha ke samaya meM unake sahita sAta dharmanAyaka the / buddha kA sambandha una saba meM acchA yA burA mahAvIra ke sAtha sabase adhika rahA hai, yaha tripiTaka svayaM batalA rahe haiN| ataH mahAvIra aura buddha ke jIvana-prasaMgoM kI saMgati buddha ke nirvANa-kAla ko samajhane meM sahAyaka ho sakatI hai| __ AgamoM aura tripiTakoM ke aMcala meM nimna cAra niSkarSa suspaSTa haiM : 1. buddha mahAvIra se Ayu meM choTe the arthAt mahAvIra jaba praur3ha (adher3a) the, taba baddha yuvA the| 2. buddha ko bodhi-lAbha hone se pUrva hI mahAvIra ko kaivalya-lAbha ho cukA thA aura ve dharmopadeza kI dizA meM bahuta kucha kara cuke the| 3. gozAlaka kA zarIrAnta mahAvIra ke nirvANa se 16 varSa pUrva huA arthAt usa samaya mahAvIra 56 varSa ke the| 4. gozAlaka kI vartamAnatA meM buddha bodhi-prApta kara cuke the tathA mahAzilAkaMTaka va rathamuzala saMgrAma ke samaya mahAvIra, buddha aura gozAlaka-tInoM hI vidyamAna th| gozAlaka kI mRtyu ke samaya mahAvIra 56 varSa ke the aura bodhi-prApta buddha usa samaya kama-se-kama 35 varSa ke to hote hI haiN| 72 varSa kI Ayu meM mahAvIra kA nirvANa huaa| usa samaya buddha kI avasthA kama-se-kama 51 varSa kI to ho hI jAtI hai / buddha kI samagna Ayu 80 varSa hotI hai| isa prakAra mahAvIra-nirvANa ke adhika-se-adhika 26 varSa bAda unakA nirvANa hotA hai| yaha to donoM ke nirvANa-kAla meM adhika-se-adhika antara kI sambhAvanA huI / aba 1. pUraNa kasyapa Adi chahoM hI tIrthaGkara buddha ke bodhi-prApti se pahale hI apane ko tIrthaGkara ghoSita kara dharma pracAra karate the va buddha kI bodhi-prApti ke samaya sabhI vidyamAna the| jisa samaya buddha ko bodhi-prApti huI, usa samaya unako gayA meM sAranAtha jAte hue rAste meM eka upaka nAmaka AjIvaka sAdhu milA thaa| buddha ne use kahA thA-'mujhe tattva-bodha huA hai| parantu upaka ko usa sambandha meM vizvAsa nahIM huaa| 'hogA zAyada' kahakara vaha dUsare mArga se calatA banA(dekheM, vinaya piTaka, mahAvagga 1; dharmAnanda kosambI, bhagavAn buddha, pR0 137) / isa prasaMga se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki buddha kI bodhi-prApti ke samaya makkhali gozAla eka prasiddha AcArya ho cukA thA bhaura usake ziSya yatra-tatra vihAra karate the| ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] kAla-nirNaya 107 dekhanA yaha hai ki donoM ke nirvANa-kAla meM kama-se-kama antara kitanA sambhava ho sakatA hai| gozAlaka kI mRtyu se pUrva yadi buddha ko bodhi-lAbha hotA hai, to adhika-se-adhika 14 varSa pUrva ho sakatA hai| kyoMki isase adhika mAnane meM niSkarSa saMkhyA 2 meM hAni AtI hai / yadi ise hama sambhava mAneM, to mahAvIra aura buddha ke nirvANa meM kama-se-kama 15 varSa kA antara A jAtA hai| isa prakAra donoM ke nirvANa meM kama-se-kama 15 varSa kA aura adhika-se-adhika 26 varSa kA antara AtA hai / itane varSoM ke isa sambhAvita antara meM se kisI nizcita avadhi taka pahu~cane ke lie hameM eka mArga aura mila jAtA hai / aMguttara nikAya kI aTThakathA' meM buddha ke cAturmAsoM kA kramika itihAsa milatA hai| usake anusAra buddha rAjagRha meM bodhi-lAbha ke pazcAt dUsarA, tIsarA, cauthA, satarahavA~ va bIsavA~ varSAvAsa bitAte haiN| dIgha nikAya sAmaJaphala sutta ke anusAra rAjA ajAtazatru rAjagRha varSAvAsa meM buddha kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai, zrAmaNyaphala pUchatA hai aura pitR-hatyA kA anutApa karatA hai| yaha saba ajAtazatru ke rAjyArohaNa ke prathama varSa meM honA cAhie / rAjyArohaNa ke anantara hI zoka-saMtapta hokara apanI rAjadhAnI rAjagRha se campA le jAtA hai / yadi zrAmaNyaphala Adi kI ghaTanA ko satarahaveM yA bIsaveM cAturmAsa meM huA mAneM, to niSkarSa saMkhyA 2 vighaTita hotI hai; kyoMki zreNika kI mRtyu va koNika ke rAjyArohaNa kI ghaTanA jaina-mAnyatA ke anusAra mahAvIra kI kaivalya-prApti ke terahaveM varSa ke Asa-pAsa ghaTita hotI hai| isalie buddha kA yaha varSAvAsa dUsare se cauthe taka hI honA cAhie / isa prakAra, mahAvIra kI kaivalya-prApti kA vaha terahavAM varSa hotA hai aura buddha kI bodhi-prApti kA yaha dUsarA, tIsarA yA cauthA varSa hotA hai arthAt usa samaya mahAvIra kI Ayu 55 varSa kI tathA buddha kI Ayu 36, 37 yA 38 varSa kI hotI hai| mahAvIra buddha se 17,18 yA 16 varSa bar3e hote haiM / isI AdhAra para unake nirvANa kA antara 25, 26 yA 27 varSa A jAtA hai| ukta tInoM varSoM meM bhI kisI eka nizcita varSa para pahuMcane ke lie bhI eka choTA-sA mArga mila jAtA hai / yadi hama rAjagRha meM buddha ke dUsare yA tIsare varSAvAsa ko lete haiM, to rAjA zreNika yA buddha kI samasAmayikatA eka yA do hI varSa ThaharatI hai| piTakoM kI abhivyakti ko dekhate hue unakI samasAmayikatA kucha vistRta honI cAhie; ataH rAjagaha ke caturtha varSAvAsa ko hI grahaNa karanA susaMgata hai, jisase zreNika aura buddha kI samasAmayikatA bhI paryApta vistRta ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMca jAte haiM ki mahAvIra aura buddha ke nirvANa meM sambhava antara 25 varSa kA hai| 1.2-4-5 / 2. rAisa DeviDsa ne bhagavAn buddha kA cauthA cAturmAsa mahAvana (vaizAlI) meM mAnA hai (Rhys Davids, Buddhism, quoted in Buddha His life, His order, His teachings, M. N. Shastri, p. 120]; kintu aTThakathA ke anusAra to pA~cavA~ cAturmAsa vaizAlI meM thA / isI prakAra aTThakathA meM chaThA varSAvAsa maMkula parvata para batAyA hai, jaba ki rAisa DeviDsa ne pA~cavAM varSAvAsa maMkula parvata para batAyA hai / lagatA hai, unhoMne ginatI meM eka varSa kI bhUla kI hai| ____ 2010_05

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108 buddha-nirvANa kAla yaha antara na kevala jIvana-prasaMgoM para AdhArita hai| una donoM yugapuruSoM ko kisI mI kAla meM le jAyeM, to bhI ukta samIkSA aura niSkarSa sAtha de sakate haiM / viSaya kI paripUrNatA ke lie yahA~ para bhI kAla-krama kI dRSTi se vicAra kara lenA Avazyaka hai / DaoN0 rAdhAkumuda mukarjI ke zabdoM meM kAla-krama ke sAtha hI kisI ko aitihAsika puruSa mAnA jA sakatA hai / " yaha batAyA jA cukA hai ki buddha kA kAla - krama apane Apa meM nizcita nahIM ho. pA rahA hai / sAtha-sAtha yaha bhI batAyA jA cukA hai ki mahAvIra kA kAla-krama svayaM meM sarvasammata aura nizcita jaisA hai / ata: ukta jIvana-prasaMgoM ke niSkarSa ko mahAvIra kI kAlAvadhi ke sAtha toleMge, to buddha ke janma aura nirvANa kA kAla - krama bhI svayaM sAmane A jAyegA | mahAvIra aura buddha ke nirvANa kAla kA antara 25 varSa hai / mahAvIra kA nirvANa I0 pU0 527 hai; ataH buddha kA nirvANa I0 pU0 502 meM hotA hai / jaba hama unake nirvANasamaya ko pA lete haiM, to unake mUlabhUta jIvana-prasaMgoM kI kAla-gaNanA nimna prakAra se bana jAtI hai : Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana I0 pU0 582 I0 pU0 554 I0 pU0 547 janma gRha-tyAga bodhi (kaivalya ) nirvANa janma gRha-tyAga bodhi prApti I0 pU0 544 I0 pU0 502 mahAvIra aura buddha ke jIvana-prasaMgoM kA tulanAtmaka kAryakrama isa prakAra banatA hai : mahAvIra I0 pU0 566 I0 pU0 566 I0 pU0 557 I0 pU0 527 2010_05 ajAtazatru kA buddha se milana - zrAmaNyaphala pUchanA nirvANa [khaNDa : buddha I0 pU0 582 I0 pU0 554 I0 pU0 547 I0 pU0 502 Ayu meM 17 varSa bar3e isa prakAra mahAvIra buddha se the / unake jIvana kAla kI samasAmayikatA I0 pU0 582 se I0 pU0 527 ( = 55 varSa) rhii| unake dharma pracAra- kAla kI samasAmayikatA I0 pU0 547 se I0 pU0 527 ( = 20 varSa ) rahI / 1. Chronology is essential to biography. An individual cannot rank as a historical person unless his life and work are placed in time. - Chandragupta Maurya and His Times, p. 2

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] kAla- nirNaya 106 buddha kA nirvANa ajAtazatru ke rAjya kAla ke 42veM varSa meM huA / buddha ke nirvANa ke 180 varSa bAda candragupta magadha kI gaddI para baiThA tathA 226 varSa bAda azoka kA rAjyakAla sthApita huA / froni kI puSTi meM buddha-nirvANa sambandhI ukta niSkarSa nitAnta aitihAsika aura gaNitika paddhati se prasUta hue haiM; isalie ve svataH pramANa haiM; para cUMki ve niSkarSa itihAsa ke kSetra meM prathama rUpa se hI prastuta ho rahe haiM; ataH inakI puSTi meM kucha anyAnya pramANa anapekSita nahIM haiM / kucha eka aitihAsika aura pAramparika pramANa, jo ukta tathyoM kI sAkSAt puSTi karate haiM, ve kramaza: diye jA rahe haiM / 1. tibbatI paramparA tibbatI bauddha paramparA ke anusAra jisa dina buddha kA janma huA usI dina avantI ke rAjA caNDapradyota ( mahAsena) kA bhI janma huA; tathA jisa dina buddha ko bodhi-lAbha huA, usI dina caNDapradyota kA rAjyArohaNa huA / pradyota rAjA kA ullekha bauddha, jaina aura paurANika - tInoM paramparAoM meM prakIrNa rUpa se milatA hai| vAyu', matsya, bhAgavata' Adi purANoM meM tathA kathAsaritsAgara" svapnavAsavadattA Adi granthoM ke anusAra caNDapradyota rAjA kA putra pAlaka hotA hai, jo ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI nirvANa - rAtri meM hI avantI kI rAjagaddI para baiThA / isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jisa prakAra pradyota buddha ke sAtha janmA aura buddha ke bodhi-lAbha ke dina rAjasiMhAsana para baiThA, usI taraha bhagavAn mahAvIra kI nirvANatithi para hI usakA rAjyAnta huA / paurANika kAla-gaNanA ke anusAra yaha nitAnta asaMdigdha hai - trayoviMzat samArAjA bhavitA sa narottamaH 6 arthAt caNDapradyota kA 23 varSa rAjya rahA / buddha ke bodhi-lAbha ke dina pradyota rAjA banA, jaba ki buddha 35 varSa ke the aura mahAvIra ke nirvANa divasa para pradyota kA rAjyAnta huA, jabaki mahAvIra 72 varSa ke the / arthAt pradyota ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke samaya mahAvIra 72 - 23 - 46 ke varSa hote haiM / isase bhI niSkarSa AtA hai ki mahAvIra buddha se 14 varSa jyeSTha the ; yaha niSkarSa mI pUrvokta 17 varSa kI jyeSThatA ke bahuta nikaTa pahu~ca jAtA hai / 1. Rockhill, Life of Buddha, pp. 17, 32 2. vAyu purANa, a0 66, zlo0 312 / 3. matsya purANa a0 271, zlo0 3 / 4. bhAgavata purANa, skandha 12 a0 1, zlo0 3 / 5. kathAsaritsAgara, 3-5-58 / 6. vAyu purANa, a0 66, zlo0 311 / 2010_05

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110 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 2. cInI turkistAna kA tithikrama prastuta niSkarSa bauddha-paramparA meM batAye gaye cInI turkistAna vAle tithikrama ke sAtha bhalIbhA~ti saMgata ho jAtA hai| usa paramparA meM rAjA azoka aura rAjA zehvAMgaTI kI samasAmayikatA ko mAnakara buddha- nirvANa aura azoka kA antara 250 varSa mAnA hai| zrI janArdana bhaTTa ne zehvAMgaTI ko I0 pU0 246 meM mAnakara buddha-nirvANa I0 pU0 466 meM mAnA hai| I0 pU0 502 kA samaya, jo pIche hama buddha-nirvANa kA samaya mAna Aye haiM, usameM aura isameM kevala 6 varSa kA nagaNya-sA antara rahatA hai / buddha-nirvANa aura azoka ke bIca jo 250 varSa kA antara mAnA gayA hai, vaha samaya vAstava meM vaha hai, jisameM itihAsakAroM ne tIsarI bauddhasaMgIti kA honA mAnA hai, jo ki azoka ke rAjya-kAla meM I0pU0 252 meM huI thI; ata: ukta paramparA ke AdhAra se bhI buddha-nirvANa kAla I0 pU0 502 hI A jAtA hai / eka anya tibbatI paramparA, jisakA ullekha DaoN0 smitha ne arlI hisTrI oNpha iNDiyA meM kiyA hai, batAtI hai ki azoka kA rAjyArohaNa buddha-nirvANa ke 234 varSa bAda huaa| isase bhI buddhanirvANa-kAla 266+234 =503 I0 pU0 AtA hai / 3. azoka ke zilAlekha samrATa azoka dvArA utkIrNa zilAe~ va stambha sacamuca hI bhAratIya itihAsa kI AdhAra-zilA va AdhAra-stambha haiM / ina AdhAroM ne itihAsa ke bahuta sAre saMdigdha tathyoM ko asaMdigdha banA diyA hai / buddha-nirvANa-kAla-viSayaka prastuta niSkarSa ke sambandha meM bhI kucha eka zilAlekha sabala pramANa banate haiM / samrATa azoka dvArA utkIrNa abhilekhoM ko nimna vibhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai : 5 laghu zilAlekha, 14 bRhat zilAlekha, 4 laghu stambhalekha, 7 bRhat stambhalekha, 3 guhAlekha, 6 sphuTa zilAlekha / inameM se laghu zilAlekha saM0 1 meM, jo ki rUpanAtha, sahasarAma aura vairATa meM upalabdha huA hai, samrATa azoka ne likhA hai: devAnaM piye evaM AhA:-sAtilekAni ar3hatiyAni vaya sumi pAkA sabake no cu bADhi pakate; sAtilake cu chacchare ya sumi hakaM saMghe upete| "bADhi cu pakate yi| imAya kAlAya jambudipaMsi amisA devA husu te vAni misA kttaa| pakamayi hi esa phale / no ca esA mahatatA pApaletave-khudakena hi ka / 1. buddhakAlIna bhArata, pR0 371 / 2. DaoN. ramAzaMkara tripAThI, prAcIna bharata kA itihAsa, pR0 126 / 3. pR0 44 / 6. Tibetan tradition reckons 10 reigns from No. 26, Ajatasatru to ___No. 15, Asoka, inclusive and places Asoka's accession in 234 A. B. (after Buddha). -Rockhill, Life of Buddha, pp 33 233 5. janArdana bhaTTa, azoka ke dhrmlekh| 6. sahasarAma tathA vairATa ke lekha meM "upAsake" hai| ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA kAla-nirNaya 111 "pi parUmaminena sakiye pipule pi svage aarodhve| etiya aThAya ca sAvane kaTe khudakA ca uDhAlA ca pakamaMtu ti| atA pi ca jAnaMtu iyaM pkkh| - "kiti (?) ciraThati ke siyA / iya hi aThe vaDhi vaDhisiti vipula ca vaDhisiti / apalaghiyenA diyaDhiya vADhisata (1) iya sa aThe pavatisu lekhApeta vAlatahadha ca (1) prathi "silAThame silAThamasi lAkhApatavayata / etinA ca vaya-janenA yAvataka tupaka ahAle savara vivasetavAyati / vyuThenA sAvane kaTeM 256 sataviyAsAta / " "devatAoM ke priya isa prakAra kahate haiM : aDhAI varSa se adhika hue ki maiM upAsaka huA, para maiMne adhika udyoga nahIM kiyA; kintu eka varSa se adhika hue, jaba se maiM saMgha AyA hU~, taba taba se maiMne acchI taraha se udyoga kiyA hai| isa bIca meM jo devatA sacce mAne jAte the, ve aba jhUThe siddha kara diye gaye haiN| yaha udyoga kA phala hai| yaha (udyoga kA phala) kevala bar3e hI loga pA sake, aisI bAta nahIM hai, kyoMki choTe loga bhI udyoga kareM, to mahAn svarga kA sukha pA sakate haiN| isalie yaha anuzAsana likhA gayA hai ki 'choTe aura bar3e udyoga kreN|' mere par3osI rAjA bhI isa anuzAsana ko mAneM aura merA udyoga cira sthita rhe| isa bAta kA vistAra hogA aura acchA vistAra hogaa| kama-se-kama Der3ha gunA vistAra hogaa| yaha anuzAsana yahA~ aura dUra ke prAntoM meM parvatoM kI zilAoM para likhA jAnA cAhie, jahA~ kahIM zilA stambha hoM, vahAM yaha anuzAsana zilAstambha para bhI likhA jAnA caahie| isa anuzAsana ke anusAra jahA~ taka Apa logoM kA adhikAra ho, vahA~-vahAM Apa loga sarvatra isakA pracAra kreN| yaha anuzAsana (maiMne) usa samaya likhA, jaba buddha bhagavAn ke nirvANa ko 256 varSa hue the|" laghu zilAlekha saM0 2 meM, jo ki brahmagiri, siddhapura va jatiMga rAmezvara meM prApta huA hai, yahI bAta svalpa bhinnatA ke sAtha milatI hai / usameM samrATa azoka likhate haiM : 'suvaNagiri te ayaputasa mahAmAtANaM ca bacanena isilasi mahAmAtA ArogiyaM vataviyA hevaM ca vataviyA / devANaM piye ANapayati / ___"adhikAni aDhAtiyAni vaya sumi.............diyaDhiya vddhisiti| iyaM ca sAvaNe sAvapate vyudhena 256 / " "suvarNagiri se Aryaputra (kumAra) aura mahAmAtyoM kI ora se isilA ke mahAmAtyoM ko Arogya kahanA aura yaha sUcita karanA ki devatAoM ke priya AjJA dete haiM ki aDhAI varSa se adhika huye ... Der3ha gunA vistAra hogaa| yaha anuzAsana (maiMne) buddha ke nirvANa se 256veM varSa se pracArita kiyA (yA sunAyA thaa)|" ukta donoM abhilekhoM meM do bAteM vizeSa dhyAna dene kI haiM--azoka kA 'saMgha upeta' honA aura buddha-nirvANa ke 256 varSoM bAda isa lekha kA likhA jaanaa| ukta lekhoM meM prayukta 'saMgha upeta' zabdoM para nAnA anumAna bA~dhe gaye haiN| DA0 rAdhAkumuda mukharjI ne isakI carcA karate hue likhA hai : 2"saMghe upete-ina zabdoM ke dvArA 1. janArdana bhaTTa, azoka ke dharmalekha / R. It is difficult to understand what Asoka exactly intends by the expression Sanghe Upete which has been translated above to ____ 2010_05

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112 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 prazoka kyA kahanA cAhatA hai, samajhanA kaThina hai| isakA anuvAda Upara jisa prakAra se kiyA gayA hai usakA artha hotA hai ki vaha saMgha ke sAtha rahA, yA saMgha meM praviSTa huA yA saMgha ke darzanArtha gayA, kintu isa bAta ko lekara vidvAnoM meM bahuta bar3A matabheda hai / kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki azoka sacamuca hI bauddha bhikSu bana gayA thA / anya kucha vidvAn ukta zabdoM kA artha karate haiM ki azoka rAjakIya taura para saMgha ke darzanArtha gayA aura jaise siMhalI gAthAyeM hameM sUcita karatI haiM, usane sArvajanika rUpa se apane dharma kI ghoSaNA kii| inameM se pahale abhimata kI puSTi cInI yAtrI i-tsiMga ke isa kathana se hotI hai ki maiMne azoka kI eka mUrti dekhI thI, jisameM vaha sAdhu ke veza meM thA / eka tIsarI sambhAvanA yaha bhI hai ki azoka binA sAdhutva svIkAra kiye hI eka varSa se adhika sAdhu saMgha ke sAtha rahA / "jo vidvAn mAnate haiM ki azoka sAdhu bana gayA thA, unameM bhI phira bhinna-bhinna mata mean that he lived with, entered, or visited the Sangha, and the opinion of the scholars is sharply divided on this point. Some scholars hold that Asoka actually became a Buddhist monk (bhikku ). Others, however, take the expression simply to mean that Asoka made a state-visit to the Sangha and publicly proclaimed his faith, as the Sinhalese Chronicle informs us. The former view is, however, supported by the statement of I-tsing that he actually saw a statue of Asoka dressed as a monk. A third possibility is that Asoka lived with the Sangha for more than a year, without taking orders. Among those who assume that Asoka became a monk, there is, again, a difference of opinion. Some hold that during the period Asoka was a monk, he must have ceased to be a monarch, for monastic life is hardly compatible with royal duties. Others, however, point out actually examples of kings who were monks at the same time, and find no reason for the assumption that Asoka, even temporarily, addicated the throne. Whatever may be the right interpretation of his association with the Sangna, there is no doubt that since this event Asoka exerted himself with unflagging zeal for the propagation of Buddhism, or at least that part of it which he accepted as his Dharma. He not only set up a net-work of missions to preach the doctrine both in and outside India, but himself undertook tours for this purpose, and took various other steps to the same end. -The Age of Imperial Unity: History and Culture of the Indian people, vol. II, pp. 75-76 2010_05

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113 itihAsa aura paramparA] kAla-nirNaya haiN| kucha kahate haiM ki jisa samaya azoka sAdhU-paryAya meM rahA, usa samaya usane samrATa pada choDa diyA hogA, kyoMki bhikSu-jIvana kA rAjakIya kartavyoM ke sAtha pAlana honA sambhava nahIM hai| anya vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki bahuta sAre rAjAoM ke aise udAharaNa milate haiM, jo sAtha-sAtha sAdhu bhI the ; ata: yaha kalpanA karane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai ki azoka ne kucha kAla ke lie bhI gaddI kA tyAga kara diyA ho| ___saMghe upete zabdoM kA jo kucha bhI artha lagAyA jAye, itanA to asaMdigdhatayA kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaba se azoka 'saMgha upeta' huA, tabase usane bauddha dharma yA usake pracArArtha adamya utsAha dikhAyA / na kevala usane ina siddhAntoM ke prasAra ke lie bhArata meM tathA videzoM meM upadezakoM ke samUha-ke-samUha bheje, apitu usane svayaM isa hetu se yAtrAe~ kI tathA isI uddezya kI pUrti ke lie anya aneka prayatna kiye|" DaoN0 mukharjI ne apane vivecana meM saMghe upete' zabda ke kisI eka hI artha-vizeSa para bala nahIM diyA hai, para una sAre artha-bhedoM para dRSTipAta karane se yaha sahaja hI samajha meM AtA hai ki azoka ke saMgha upeta' hone kA sambandha usakI aitihAsika dharma-yAtrA se hI honA cAhie, jisakA ullekha azoka ke rumminadeI stambha lekha meM spaSTa-spaSTa milatA hai| isa abhilekha meM batAyA gayA hai : "devAna piyena piyavasina lAjinA vIsAtivasAbhisitena atana agAca mhiiyite| hida budhe jAte sakya munIti sila-bigaDabhIcA kAlApita silAthame ca usapApite hiva bhagavaM jAte ti luminigAme uvalike kaTe aThabhAgiye c|" "devatAoM ke priya priyadarzI rAjA ne rAjyAbhiSeka ke 20 varSa bAda svayaM Akara (isa sthAna kI) pUjA kii| yahA~ zAkya muni buddha kA janma huA thA, isalie yahA~ patthara kI eka prAcIra sthApita kI gaI hai aura patthara kA eka stamma khar3A kiyA gyaa| vahA~ bhagavAn janme the, isalie luMbinI grAma kA kara uThA diyA gayA aura (paidAvAra kA) AThavAM bhAga bhI (jo rAjA kA haka thA) usI grAma ko de diyA gyaa|" ___ isake atirikta azokAvadAna grantha meM ukta yAtrA kA jisa prakAra varNana milatA hai, usase bhI 'saMgha upeta' zabda isa yAtrA ke sAtha hI adhika saMgata baiThatA hai| azoka kI yAtrA ke sambandha meM vahA~ batAyA gayA hai :2 "rAjA (azoka) ne (apane guru uptagupta se) kahA : 'maiM 1. janArdana bhaTTa, azoka ke dharmalekha / 12. The king said : "I desire to visit all the places where the vener able Bnddha stayed, to do honour unto them, and to mark each with an enduring memorial for the instruction of the most remote posterity.' The saint approved of the project, and uudertook to act as a guide. Escorted by a mighty army, the monarch visited all the holy places in order. The first place visited was the Lumbini Garden. Here Upagupta said: "In this spot, great king, the venerable one was born," and added : "Here is the first monument consecrated in honour of the Buddha, the sight of whom is excellent. Here, ____ 2010_05

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114 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 una sabhI sthaloM kI yAtrA karanA cAhatA hUM, jahA~ bhagavAn buddha Thahare the| aisA karake maiM una sthAnoM kA Adara karanA cAhatA hU~ tathA cirakAla taka ke logoM ko zikSA mile, aise sthAI smRti-stambha ke dvArA unako utkIrNa karanA cAhatA huuN|' gurujI ne isa yojanA kI anumati dI aura yAtrA meM mArga-darzaka bananA svIkAra kara liyaa| vizAla senA sahita samrATa ne kramaza: sabhI tIrtha-sthAnoM kI yAtrA kii| "sarva prathama lumbinI udyAna kI yAtrA kI gii| yahAM (guru) upagupta ne kahA : 'mahArAja ! yahA~ bhagavAna baddha janme the|' aura Age kahA : 'jisake darzana hI manohara haiM, aise bhagavAna baddha ke samAdara meM yahAM prathama smati-stambha khar3A kiyA jAtA hai| yahA~ janma ke anantara hI zramaNa gautama ne bhUmi para sAta kadama bhare the|" "rAjA ne usa sthAna ke logoM ko eka lAkha svarNa mudrA pradAna kI aura stUpa bnvaayaa| tatpazcAt ve kapilavastu gye| "bAda meM usa rAjayAtrI ne bodha gayA sthita bodhi-vRkSa ke darzana kiye aura eka lAkha svarNa mudrAoM kI bheMTa car3hAI tathA caitya bNdhvaayaa| banArasa ke samIpa Aye hue RSipatana, jahA~ gautama buddha ne 'dharmacakra' kA pravartana kiyA thA aura kuzInArA, jahA~ tathAgata nirvANa ko prApta hue the, bhI rAjA ne dekhe tathA usI prakAra kI bheMTa cddh'aaii| zrAvastI meM tIrtha-yAtriyoM ne jetavana vihAra ke darzana kiye, jahA~ gautama ne dIrghakAla ke lie nivAsa kiyA thA aura upadeza diyA thA tathA vahIM para buddha ke ziSya sAriputra, maudgalyAyana va mahAkazyapa ke the moment after his birth, the recluse took seven steps upon the ground.'' The king bestowed a hundred thousand gold pieces on the people of the place, and built a STUP A. He then passed on to Kapilvastu. The royal pilgrim next yisited the Bodhi-tree at Bodh Gaya, and there also gave largess of a hundred thousand gold-pieces, and built a CHAITYA. Rishipatana (Sarnath) near Benares, where Gautama had turned the wheel of the law, and Kusina gar, where the teacher had passed away, were also visited with similar observances. At Sravasti, the pilgrims did reverence to the Jetavana monastery, where Gautama had so long dwelt and taught, and to the Stupas of his disciples, Sariputra, Maudgalayana and Mabakasyapa. But when the king visited the STUPA of Vakkula, he gave only one copper coin, insmuch as Vakkula had met with few obstacles in the path of holiness and had done little good to his fellow creatures. At the STUPA of Ananda, the faithful attendant of Gautama, the royal gift amounted to six million gold pieces." -Ashokavadana, Translated by Dr. Vincent A. Smith. 'The Pilgrimage of Asoka' in Asoka (The Rulers of India), pp. 227-228 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] kAla- nirNaya 115 stUpoM kA bhI sammAna kiyA, parantu jaba rAjA ne vakkula ke stUpa ke darzana kiye, taba usane kevala eka tAmra- sikkA bheMTa car3hAyA, kyoMki vakkula ne sAdhanA mArga meM thor3e hI parISaha sahana kiye the aura apane bandhu prANiyoM para kucha bhI upakAra nahIM kiyA thA / gautama ke ananya ziSya Ananda ke stUpa para to rAjA kI bheMTa sATha lAkha svarNa mudrA kI rAzi meM car3hAI gaI / " azoka apane jIvana meM bauddha bhikSu bhI banA, bhale hI vaha thor3e kAla ke lie kyoM na ho, yaha bahuta sAre vidvAnoM kI dhAraNA hai / bahuta sambhava to yahI hai ki ukta yAtrA usane bhikSu-paryAya dhAraNa karake hI kI ho| usa samaya vaha rAjA nahIM rahA, aisA bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA / isa prakAra 'saMgha - upeta' zabda kA abhiprAya bhI sArthaka siddha ho jAtA hai / ukta zilAlekhoM meM azoka ne yaha bhI batAyA hai ki maiM 'saMgha upeta' hone se DhAI varSa pUrva upAsaka bnaa| 'saMgha upeta' hone kA kAla jaba rAjyAbhiSeka ke 20 varSa pazcAt kA hai, to upAsaka banane kA samaya rAjyAbhiSeka ke sAr3he sataraha varSa bAda hotA hai / vaha kAla ThIka tIsarI bauddha saMgIti kA hai / sAmAnyatayA kahA jA sakatA hai ki azoka rAjyAbhiSeka ke 6 varSa pazcAt bauddha dharma kA anuyAyI bana gayA thA, parantu lagatA yaha hai ki usane saMgIti-kAla se hI apane Apako paripUrNa upAsaka-dharma meM dIkSita mAnA hai / tAtparya huA ki samrAT azoka rAjyAbhiSeka ke 173 varSa bAda upAsaka banA, 20 varSa pazcAt 'saMgha upeta' huA aura 21 varSaM pazcAt usane ukta laghu zilAlekha khudavAye / ukta zilAlekhoM kI jo dUsarI mahattvapUrNa bAta hai, vaha zilAlekha kI antima paMkti 'vyuThenA sAvane kaTe 256 satavivAsAta' se sambandhita hai / isa paMkti ke artha meM bhI nAnA mata milate haiM / vyuThenA saMskRta vyuSTena aura vivAsA saMskRta vivAsAt kA prAkRta rUpa hai / vyuSTa - yaha zabda vipUrvaka vas dhAtu meM kta pratyaya lagane se siddha hotA hai aura vivAsa zabda vipUrvaka vas dhAtu meM una pratyaya lagane se banatA hai / DaoN0 byUlara, DaoN0 phlITa Adi kaI vidvAnoM ne vyuSTena kA artha - 'jo calA gayA ho' arthAt 'buddha' tathA vivAsA kA artha 'buddha kA nirvANa' aisA kiyA hai / ' DaoN0 phlITa ne yaha bhI mAnA hai : "buddha-nirvANa ke 255 sAla bAda sAtaveM yA AThaveM mahIne meM mahArAja azoka ne rAjasiMhAsana chor3akara pravrajyA grahaNa kI hogI, tabhI se ve saMgha meM Aye hoNge| isa prakAra se 8 mAsa 16 dina pUre hone para 256vIM rAta ko unhoMne yaha zilAlekha likhavAyA hogaa| eka prazna yaha bhI uThatA hai ki isa lekha meM 256vIM rAtri kA vizeSa rUpa se ullekha karane kI kyA AvazyakatA thI / isakA uttara yaha hai- pravAsa kI 256 vIM rAta yA 256 veM dina ko buddha bhagavAn ke nirvANa se 256 sAla pUre hone kI varSagA~Tha manAne ke lie azoka ne laghu zilAlekha khudavAye the / isalie yaha siddha hotA hai ki isa zilAlekha meM 256 kI saMkhyA isa bAta kI sUcaka hai ki buddha bhagavAn kA nirvANa azoka ke 256 varSa pUrva huA thA / "2 DaoN0 phlITa evaM DaoN0 byUlara kI ukta mImAMsA bahuta zodhapUrNa hai, 1. Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, 1904, pp. 1-26 and Dr. Buhler, ' Second Notice, Indian Antiquary, 1893 2. Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, 1910, pp. 1301-8, 1911, pp. 10911112. 2010_05

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116 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 para vartamAna itihAsakAroM kI dRSTi meM yaha abhimata arddhamAnya-sA ho rahA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki yaha to ThIka hai ki vaha zilAlekha samrATa azoka kI dharma-yAtrA ke 256 veM par3Ava yA 256 veM dina ko likhA gayA thA, para vaha bhagavAn buddha kI 256 vIM nirvANa-jayantI ke upalakSa meM likhA gayA, yaha yathArtha nahIM lagatA hai; kyoMki azoka ke kAla (I0 pU0 273236) ke sAtha buddha-nirvANa ke 256 varSoM kI, unakI pracalita kisI bhI nirvANa-tithi ke AdhAra para saMgati nahIM baitthtii| kintu DaoN0 maiksa myUlara ne itihAsakAroM ke isa abhimata kI spaSTatayA AlocanA kI hai aura DaoN0 byUlara ke mata kA samarthana kiyA hai| 'sekreDa buksa oNpha vI IsTa' ke antargata khaNDa 10, dhammapada kI bhUmikA meM unhoMne likhA hai : "ina zilAlekhoM (laghu zilAlekha naM01 aura 2) kI zabdAbali se sambandhita kaThinAiyoM ko maiM pUrNa rUpa se svIkAra karatA hU~; kintu phira bhI maiM pUchatA hU~ ki ye zilAlekha azoka ne nahIM khudavAye to kisane khudavAye? aura yadi azoka ne hI khudavAye, to usameM rahI huI tArIkha buddha-nirvANa ke 256 varSa ke atirikta aura kyA artha rakha sakatI hai ? DaoN0 byUlara ne apanI dUsarI vijJapti meM' ina dRSTibinduoM ke viSaya meM itanI vidvatApUrNa taka rakhI haiM ki mujhe Dara lagatA hai, maiM aura kucha adhika likha kara sambhavataH unake pakSa ko kahIM nirbala na banA duuN| ata: mere pAThakoM ko mere vicAra jAnane ke lie unhIM (DaoN0 byUlara) kI dUsarI vijJapti' dekhane kA sujhAva detA huuN|" isa sambandha meM ullekhanIya aura mahattva kI bAta yaha hai ki prastuta pustaka meM I0pU0 502 ke jisa buddha-nirvANa-kAla para hama pahuMce haiM, vaha ina zilAlekhoM ke ukta kathana ke sAtha pUrNatayA saMgata hotA hai / yaha to spaSTa ho hI cukA hai ki ukta zilAlekha samrATa azoka ke 'saMgha upeta' hone ke kucha adhika eka varSa pazcAt likhe gaye haiM aura azoka apane rAjyAbhiSeka ke 20 varSa pazcAt 'saMgha-upeta' hotA hai| yahAM hama kAla-gaNanA ke eka nizcit bindu para pahu~ca jAte haiM, jo ki sarvamAnya aura nirvivAda hai| vaha hai-I0 pU0 266 meM azoka kA rAjyAbhiSeka / niSkarSa huA 1. udAharaNArtha dekheM, Dr. Vincent A. Smith, Asoka, p. 150; Dr. H.C. Ray Chaudhuri, Political History of Ancient India, p. 341 n; yadunandana kapUra, azoka pR0 128 / P. I fully admit the difficulties in the phraseology of these inscrip tions but I ask, who could have written these inscriptions, if not Ashoka? And how if written by Ashoka, can the date which they contain mean anything but 256 years after Buddha's Nirvana ? These points however, have been argued in so masterly a manner by Dr. Buhiar in his "Second Notice" that I should be afraid of weakening his case by adding anything of my own and must refer my readers to his "Second Notice". --Max Muler, S. B. E., vol. X, (Part I), Dhammapada, introduction, p, XII. 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] kAla-nirNaya 117 azoka kA rAjyAbhiSeka- I0pU0 266 / azoka kA saMgha-upeta honA- I0 pU0 248 / ' ukta zilAlekhoM kA likhA jAnA- I0 pU0 247 / isa prakAra hama I0 pU0 247 se 255 varSa aura pIche jAte haiM, to buddha-nirvANa kA samaya AtA hai-247+255= I0 pU0 502 / 4. barmI paramparA / paramparA sambaddha pramANoM meM sabase sabala pramANa barmI paramparA kA hai| barmA meM 'ItjhAnA (Eetzana) nAmaka saMvat kA pracalana mAnA jAtA hai / ItjhAnA zabda kA artha hai-aMjana / kahA jAtA hai, yaha saMvat buddha ke nAnA 'aMjana' ne pracalita kiyA thaa| rAjA aMjana zAkya kSatriya the aura unakA rAjya devadaha pradeza meM thaa| barmI paramparA ke anusAra usa saMvat kI kAla-gaNanA meM buddha ke jIvana-prasaMga isa prakAra mAne jAte haiM : 1. buddha kA janma : ItjhAnA saMvat ke 68veM varSa meM, kATasana (vaizAkha) mAsa meM, pUrNimA ke dina zukravAra ko, jaba candramA kA vizAkhA-nakSatra ke sAtha yoga thaa| 2. buddha kA gRhatyAga (dIkSA) : ItjhAnA saMvat ke 66 veM varSa meM julAI (ASAr3ha) mAsa meM, pUrNimA ke dina somavAra ko, jaba candramA kA uttarASAr3hA nakSatra ke sAtha yoga thaa| 3. buddha kI bodhi-prApti : ItjhAnA saMvat ke 103veM varSa meM, kATasana (vaizAkha) mAsa meM, pUrNimA ke dina, budhavAra ko jaba candramA kA vizAkhA nakSatra ke sAtha yoga thaa| 1. DA0 rAdhAkumuda mukhajI ne batAyA hai ki azoka ke saMgha-upeta hone ke pazcAt hI usane videza meM jora-zora se dharma pracAra kA kArya prArambha kiyA thA / itihAsakAroM ne mahenda ke laMkA-pravAsa kI tithi I0 pU0 246 mAnI hai (Cambridge History of India. p. 507) / ataH azoka ke 'saMgha upeta' hone kI I0pU0 248 kI tArIkha puSTa ho jAtI hai| 2. DaoN0 phlITa kA yaha abhimata ki buddha-nirvANa ke 256veM varSa aura yAtrA ke 256veM par3Ava meM ukta zilAlekha likhA gayA, yaha 'vyuThenA sAvane kaTe 256 sata vivAsAta' kA artha na honA cAhie ; bahuta hI yathArtha hai| isake sAtha hama itanA aura jor3a sakate haiM ki ukta zilAlekha likhe jAne kA vaha nirvANa divasa sambhavata: kuzInArA meM hI AyA ho, jahA~ ki buddha bhagavAn kA nirvANa huA thA aura azoka kI yAtrA kA vaha eka pramukha par3Ava thaa| 3. Bigandet, Life of Gaudama, val. I, p. 13. 4. lbid, vol. II pp.71-72. 5. 'kATasana barmI' bhASA meM 'vaizAkha' kA paryAyavAcI zabda hai| 6. Bigandet, Life of Gaudama vol. I, pp. 62-63 ; vol. II, p 72. 7. Ibid, vol. I, P 97.; vol. II pp. 72-73. 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa : 1 4. buddha kA nirvANa : ItjhAnA' saMvat ke 148veM varSa meM, kATasana (vaisAkha) mAsa meM pUrNimA ke dina maMgalavAra ko, jaba candramA kA vizAkhA nakSatra ke sAtha yoga thaa| barmI-paramparA ke anusAra ItjhAnA saMvat kA prArambha tagU' (caitra)mAsa meM kRSNA prathamA ke dina ravivAra ko hotA hai| isa barmI kAla-krama ko ema0 govinda pai ne IsvI san kAla-krama meM isa prakAra vAlA hai : 1. janma: I0 pU0 581, mArca 30, zukravAra / 2. gRhatyAga : I0 pU0 553, jUna 18, somavAra / 3. bodhi-prApti: I0pU0 546, apraila 3, budhavAra / 4. nirvANa : I0 pU0 501, apraila 15, maMgalavAra / 5. ItjhAnA saMvat kA prArambha : I0pU0648, pharavarI 17, rvivaar| isa prakAra bhagavAna buddha ke janma, gRha-tyAga, bodhi aura nirvANa ke sambandha se hama jisa kAla-krama para pahu~ce haiM, barmI-paramparA usa kAla-krama kA pUrNataH samarthana kara detI hai| tathya kI puSTi meM yaha eka anokhA saMyoga kahA jA sakatA hai aura vaha isalie ki apane niSkarSoM para pahu~cane taka barmI paramparA kI ye dhAraNAe~ lekhaka ke sAmane nahIM thiiN| ina barmI paramparAoM kA sAkSAt lekhaka ko taba hotA hai, jaba yaha pUrA prakaraNa lekhamAlA ke rUpa meM 'jaina bhAratI' Adi patrikAoM meM nikala cukatA hai| isase yaha bhI pramANita ho jAtA hai ki niSkarSa taka pahu~cane ke lie hamane jina kalpanAoM kA sahArA liyA thA, ve kalpanAe~ hI nahIM, vastusthiti taka pahuMcAne kI yathArtha pagaDaMDiyA~ hI thiiN| kula milAkara ukta cAroM hI pramANa vibhinna dizAoM se calane vAle pathikoM kI taraha eka hI dhruva-bindu para pahu~cakara usa dhruva-bindu kI satyatA ke pramANa bana gaye haiN| 1. Ibid, voll. II, P. 69 2. 'tagU' barmI bhASA meM 'caitra' mAsa kA paryAyavAcI zabda hai| 3. Bigandet Life Gaudama vol. I p. 13. 8. Prabuddha Karnntaka Kannada Quarterly published by the Mysore University, vol XXVII (1945-46), No I, pp. 92-93, The Date of Nirwana of Lord Mahavira in "Mahabvira Commemoration Volume, pp. 93-94" ____ 2010_05

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pUrva bhava jaina aura bauddha paramparA meM pUrvabhava-carcA bhI samAna paddhati se milatI hai / mahAvIra aura buddha kI bhava-carcA meM to eka anokhI samAnatA bhI hai| prathama tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva ne aneka bhava pUrva marIci tApasa ko lakSya kara kahA--"yaha antima tIrthakara mahAvIra hogaa|" isI prakAra aneka kalpoM pUrva dIpaMkara buddha ne sumedha tApasa ke viSaya meM kahA-"yaha eka dina buddha hogaa|" mahAvIra kI ghaTanA unake paccIsa bhava pUrva kI hai / buddha kI ghaTanA pA~ca sau ikyAvana bhava pUrva kI hai| marIci tApasa vicAroM meM zithilatA __ marIci bharata kA putra thaa| sura-asuroM dvArA kI gaI bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke kevala jJAna kI mahimA ko dekhakara vaha bhI apane pAMca sau bhAiyoM ke sAtha nirgrantha banA thaa| vaha gyAraha hI aMgoM kA jJAtA thA aura pratidina bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke sAtha unakI chAyA kI taraha viharaNa karatA thaa| eka bAra bhayaMkara garmI se vaha pariklAnta ho gyaa| sArA zarIra pasIne se tarabatara ho gayA / pasIne va malina vastroM ke kAraNa usake zarIra se durgandha uchalane lagI / pyAsa ke mAre usake prANa nikalane lage / garmI va tatsambandhI anya pariSahoM se vaha itanA parAbhUta haA ki zrAmaNya kI sAmAnya paryAya se bhI nIce khisaka gayA tathA anya nAnA saMkalpa-vikalpoM kA zikAra bana gyaa| usake mana meM yaha vicAra utpanna huA.--"prathama tIrthaGkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA maiM pautra huuN| akhaNDa chaH khaNDa ke vijetA prathama cakravartI bharata kA maiM putra huuN| caturvidha tIrtha ke samakSa vairAgya se maiMne pravajyA grahaNa kI hai / saMyama ko chor3akara ghara cale jAnA mere lie lajjAspada hai, kintu, cAritra ke itane bar3e bhAra ko apane ina durbala kandhoM para uThAye rakhane meM bhI maiM sakSama nahIM huuN| mahAvratoM kA pAlana azakya anuSThAna hai aura inheM chor3akara ghara cale jAne se merA uttama kula malina hogaa| ito vyAghra itastaTI eka ora vyAghra hai aura dUsarI ora gaharI ndii| kintu, jisa prakAra parvata para car3hane ke lie saMkarI pagaDaNDI hotI hai, usI prakAra isa kaThina mArga ke pAsa koI sugama mArga bhI honA caahie|" tridaNDI apane hI vicAroM meM khoyA huA marIci Age aura socane lagA- bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke sAdhu manodaNDa, vacanadaNDa aura kAyAdaNDa ko jItane vAle haiM aura maiM inase jItA gayA hU~;ataH tridaNDI banUMgA / indriya-vijayI ye zramaNa kezoM kA luncana kara muNDita hokara vicarate haiN| maiM muNDana karAU~gA aura zikhA rakhUgA / ye nirgrantha sUkSma va sthUla donoM prakAra ke prANiyoM ke vadha se virata haiM aura maiM kevala sthUla prANiyoM ke vadha se hI uparata rhuuNgaa| maiM akiJcana bhI nahIM rahU~gA aura pAdukAoM kA prayoga bhI kruuNgaa| candana Adi sugandhita dravyoM kA vilepana kruuNgaa| ____ 2010_05

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120 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 mastaka para chatra dhAraNa karU~gA / kaSAya-rahita hone se ye muni zveta vastra pahanate haiM aura maiM kaSAya-kAluSya se yukta hU~; ataH isakI smRti meM kASAyita vastra phnuuNgaa| ye sacitta jala ke parityAgI haiM, para, maiM vaise parimita jala se snAna bhI karUMgA tathA pIU~gA bhii| apanI buddhi se veza kI isa taraha parikalpanA kara tathA use dhAraNa kara vaha bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke sAtha hI viharaNa karane lagA / sAdhuoM kI TolI meM isa adbhuta sAdhu ko dekhakara kautUhalavaza bahuta sAre vyakti usase dharma pUchate / uttara meM vaha mUla tathA umara guNa-sampanna sAdhu-dharma kA hI upadeza karatA / jaba use janatA yaha pUchatI ki tuma usake anusAra AcaraNa kyoM nahIM karate, to vaha apanI asamarthatA svIkAra karatA / usake upadeza se prerita hokara yadi koI bhavya dIkSita honA cAhatA to vaha use bhagavAn ke samavasaraNa meM bheja detA aura bhagavAn use dIkSA-pradAna kara dete| kapila __bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI sevA meM viharaNa karate hue marIci kA kAphI samaya bIta cukA / eka bAra vaha rogAkrAnta huaa| usakI paricaryA karane vAlA koI nahIM thA; ataH vedanA se parAbhUta hokara usane svayaM ke ziSya banAne kA socA / saMyoga kI bAta thI, eka bAra bhagavAn RSabhadeva dezanA (pravacana) de rahe the / kapila nAmaka eka rAjakumAra bhI pariSada meM upasthita thaa| use vaha upadeza rucikara pratIta nahIM huaa| usane idhara-udhara anya sAdhuoM kI ora bhI dRSTi daudd'aaii| sabhI sAdhuoM ke bIca vicitra veza vAle usa tridaNDI marIci ko bhI usane dekhA / vaha vahA~ se uThakara usake pAsa AyA / dharma kA mArga pUchA to marIci ne spaSTa uttara diyA--"mere pAsa dharma nahIM hai / yadi tU dharma cAhatA hai to prabhu kA hI zaraNa grahaNa kara / " vaha panaH bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke pAsa AyA aura dharma-zravaNa karane lgaa| kinta apane daSita vicAroM se prerita hokara vaha vahA~ se punaH uThA aura marIci ke pAsa jAkara bolA--"kyA tumhAre pAsa jaisA-taisA bhI dharma nahIM hai; yadi nahIM hai to phira yaha saMnyAsa kA cogA kaise?" "daivayoga se yaha bhI mere jaisA hI mAlUma hotA hai| cira-kAla se sadRza vicAra vAle kA mela huA hai / mere asahAya kA yaha sahAyaka ho|" ina vicAro meM nimagna marIci ne utsUtra prarUpaNA karate hae kahA-"vahA~ bhI dharma hai aura yahA~ bhii|" isa mithyAtvaparNa saMbhASaNa se usane utkaTa saMsAra bar3hAyA / kapila ko dIkSita kara usane apanA ziSya banAyA aura use paccIsa tattvoM kA upadeza dekara alaga mata kI sthApanA kii| jaina purANoM meM yaha bhI mAnA gayA hai ki Age calakara kapila kA ziSya AsurI va AsurI kA ziSya sAMkhya bnaa| kapila va sAMkhya ne marIci dvArA batAye gae una paccIsa tattvoM kI vizeSa vyAkhyA kI jo eka svatantra darzana ke rUpa meM prasiddha haa| kapila aura sAMkhya usa darzana ke vizeSa vyAkhyAkAra hae haiM; ata: vaha darzana bhI kapila darzana yA sAMkhya darzana ke nAma se vizruta huA / vastutaH marIci isakA mUla saMsthApaka thaa|' bhAvI tIrthaGkara kauna ? bharata ne eka bAra bhagavAn RSabhadeva se pUchA-"prabho! isa pariSad meM aisI bhI koI AtmA hai, jo ApakI taraha tIrtha kI sthApanA kara isa bharata kSetra ko pavitra karegI ?" . bhagavAna ne uttara diyA ... "terA putra marIci prathama tridaNDI' parivrAjaka hai / isakI AtmA aba taka karma-mala se malina hai / zukla dhyAna ke avalambana se kramazaH vaha zuddha hogii| 1. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritram, prathama parva, sarga 6, zlo0 1 se 52; Adi purANa, parva 18; zrI Avazyaka sUtra, niyukti malayagiri vRtti, patra saM0 232-2 se 234-1 ke AdhAra pr| ____ 2010_05

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121 itihAsa aura paramparA pUrva bhavaM bharata kSetra ke pottanapura nagara meM isI avasarpiNI kAla meM vaha tripRSTa nAmaka pahalA vAsudeva hogaa| kramazaH paribhramaNa karatA huA, vaha pazcima mahAvideha meM dhanaMjaya aura dhAriNI dampatI kA putra hokara priyamitra nAmaka cakravartI hogaa| apane saMsAra-paribhramaNa ko samApta karatA huA vaha isI caubIsI meM mahAvIra nAmaka caubIsavA~ tIrthaGkara hokara tIrtha kI sthApanA karegA tathA svayaM siddha, buddha va mukta bnegaa|" kula kA ahaM apane prazna kA uttara sunakara bharata bahuta AhlAdita hue| unheM isa bAta se bhI atyadhika prasannatA huI ki unakA putra pahalA vAsudeva, cakravartI va antima tIrthaGkara hogaa| paribrAjaka marIci ko sUcanA va badhAI dene ke nimitta bhagavAn ke pAsa se ve usake pAsa aae| bhagavAn se hue apane vArtAlApa se use paricita kiyA / marIci ko isase apAra prasannatA huI / vaha tIna tAla dekara AkAza meM uchalA aura apane bhAgya ko bAra-bAra sarAhane lgaa| ucca svara se bolane lagA-."merA kula kitanA zreSTha hai, merA kula kitanA zreSTha hai| mere dAdA prathama tIrthaGka ra haiM / mere pitA prathama cakravartI haiM / maiM pahalA vAsudeva hoU~gA va cakravartI hokara antima tIrthaGkara hoU~gA / mere sabhI manoratha pUrNa hue| saba kuloM meM merA hI kula zreSTha hai|" kula ke isa ahaM se marIci ne nIca gotra karma upArjita kiyaa| yahI kAraNa thA ki mahAvIra tIrthaGkara hote hue bhI pahale devAnandA brAhmaNI ke garbha meM Ae, jaba ki tIrthaGkara kA kSatriya-kula meM janma lenA anivArya hotA hai|' mahAvIra ke kula sattAIsa bhavoM kA varNana milatA hai, jisameM do bhava marIci-bhava se parva ke haiM aura zeSa bAda ke / sattAIsa bhavoM meM prathama bhava nayasAra karmakara kA thaa| isa bhava meM mahAvIra ne kisI tapasvI muni ko AhAra-dAna kiyA thA aura prathama bAra samyaga darzana upAjita kiyaa| sattAIsa bhavoM meM mahAvIra ne jahA~ cakravartitva auravAsudevatva pAyA; vahA~ unhoMne saptama naraka taka kA bhayaMkara duHkha bhI sahA / paccIsaveM bhava meM tIrthaGka ratva prApti ke bIsa nimittoM kI ArAdhanA karate hue tIrthaGkara gotra-nAmakarma baaNdhaa| chabbIsaveM bhava meM prANata nAmaka dazaveM svarga meM rahe aura sattAIsarve bhava meM mahAvIra ke rUpa meM janma liyaa| tApasa amaravatI nagara ke brAhmaNa vaMza meM sumedha nAmaka bAlaka kA janma huaa| bacapana meM hI usake mAtA-pitA kA dehAnta ho gayA / sumedha virakta huA aura usane tApasa-pravrajyA svIkAra kara lii| cintana meM lIna sumedha ko sahasA eka upalabdhi huI-"punarbhava duHkha hai / mujhe usa mArga kA anveSaNa karanA cAhie, jisa para calane se bhava se mukti milatI hai| aisA koI mArga avazya hI hogaa| jisa prakAra loka meM duHkha kA pratipakSa sukha hai, usI prakAra bhaya kA pratipakSa vibhava (bhava kA abhAva ) bhI honA caahie| uSNa kA upazama zIta hai, vaise hI rAgAdi agniyoM kA upazama nirvANa hai|" cintana kA pariNAma atyadhika virakti huaa| himAlaya meM parNakuTI banA kara vahA~ rahane lage / tapasvI sumedha ke dina samAdhi meM bItane lge| lokanAyaka dIpaMkara buddha usa samaya saMsAra meM dharmopadeza karate the| cArikA karate hue eka bAra ve rammaka nagara ke sudarzana mahAvihAra meM Aye / nAgarikoM ne zraddhAvanata hokara gaMdha1. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritram, prathama parva, sarga 6 zlo0 370 se 360 ; zrI AvazyakasUtra, niryakti, malayagirivRtti patra saM0 244 se 245-1 ke AdhAra pr| ____ 2010_05

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122 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 mAlA Adi se zAstA kA abhivAdana kiyA, dharmopadeza sunA aura agale dina ke bhojana kA nimantraNa dekara sabhI lauTa aae| dIpaMkara buddha ke Agamana ke upalakSa meM nagara ko vizeSa rUpa se sajAyA gyaa| pAnI ke bahAva se TUTe-phUTe sthAnoM para reta DAlakara bhUmi ko samatala kiyA gayA / cA~dI jaisI zveta bAlU ko phailAkara usa para lAja (khIla) aura puSpa vikIrNa kie ge| goM ke vastroM kI dhvajAe~ phaharAyI gaI aura sthAna-sthAna para kadalI tathA pUrNa ghaTa kI paMktiyA~ pratiSThita kI gaI / Anandita hokara manuSyoM kI ToliyA~ jhUmatI huI idhara-udhara ghUma rahI thiiN| usI samaya sumedha tApasa apane Azrama se nikala kara AkAza-mArga se kahIM jA rahe the| unhoMne nagara kI sAja-sajjA tathA Anandamagna manuSyoM ko ghUmate dekhaa| unake mana meM usa ke kAraNa ko jAnane kI utkaNThA jAgRta huii| AkAza se utare aura nagara-alaMkaraNa ke bAre meM jijJAsA kI / janatA se uttara milA--"bhante! dIpaMkara buddha hokara zreSTha dharma kA pracAra karate hue hamAre nagara ke sudarzana mahAvihAra meM vAsa kara rahe haiN| hamane bhagavAn ko nimaMtrita kiyA hai / isa upalakSa se bhagavAn ke Agamana-mArga ko hama alaMkRta kara rahe haiN|" tapasvI sumedha socane lage----"buddha zabda kA sunanA bhI loka meM durlabha hai ; buddha ke janma lene kI to bAta hI kyA? mujhe bhI ina manuSyoM ke sAtha milakara buddha kA mArga alaMkRta karanA caahie|" aura ve tatkAla hI mArga-zodhana meM laga ge| kucha hI samaya meM dIpaMkara buddha A ge| bherI bajane lagI / manuSya aura devatA sAdha-sAdha kahane lage / AkAza se mandAra paSpoM hone lgii| sumedha apanI jaTA kholakara, balkala, cIvara aura carma bichAkara bhami para leTa gaye aura vicAra kiyA : "yadi dIpaMkara mere zarIra ko apane caraNa kamala se sparza kareM to merA hita ho|" leTe-leTe hI unhoMne dIpaMkara kI buddha-zrI ko dekhate hue cintana kiyA--- "maiM saba klezoM kA nAza kara nirvANa-prApta kara sakatA hai, kintu kevala yahI merA dhyeya nahIM hai| mere liye to yahI yogya hai ki maiM bhI dIpaMkara buddha kI taraha parama sambodhi ko prApta kara mAnavasamUha ko dharma kI naukA para car3hA saMsAra-sAgara ke pAra le jAU~ aura tadanantara svayaM nirvANa prApta kruuN|" unhoMne buddha-pada kI prApti ke liye ulkaTa abhilASA (abhinIhAra) prakaTa kii| baddhoM ke jIvana-parityAga ko bhI ve udyata the| dIpaMkara tapasvI sumedha ke pAsa Akara bole-"isa jaTila tApasa ko dekho| eka dina buddha hogaa| yaha buddha kA vyAkaraNa huaa|" "yaha eka dina buddha hogA"-...isa vAkya ko sunakara devatA aura manuSya Anandita hue aura bole-"tapasvI sumedha buddha-bIja hai, buddha-aMkura hai|" vahA~ para jo 'jina-putra' (buddha-putra) the, unhoMne sumedha kI pradakSiNA kii| logoM ne kahA .... "Apa nizcita hI buddha hoMge / dRr3ha parAkrama kareM, Age bar3heM, pIche na htt|" sumedha ne socA, buddha kA vacana amogha hogaa| buddhatva kI AkAMkSA kI saphalatA ke lie sumedha buddha-kAraka dharmoM kA anveSaNa karane lage aura unameM mahAn utsAha pradarzita kiyaa| daza pArabhitAyeM prakaTa huIM, jinakA Asevana pUrva kAla meM bodhi-satvoM ne kiyA thaa| inhIM ke grahaNa se buddhatva kI prApti hogii| sumedha ne buddha-guNoM ko grahaNa kara dIpaMkara ko namaskAra kiyaa| sumedha kI caryA arthAt sAdhanA Arambha huI aura 550 vividha janmoM ke pazcAt ve tuSit loka meM utpanna hue| vahA~ bodhi-prApti ke sahasra varSa pUrva buddha kolAhala zabda isa abhiprAya se huA ki sumedha kI saphalatA nizcita hai / tuSit loka se cyuta hokara mAyAdevI ke garbha meM unakI avakrAnti huI aura yathAsamaya buddha ke rUpa meM unakA janma huaa|' 1. jAtaka aTakathA, dUre nidAna, pR0 2 se 36 ke AdhAra pr| 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA pUrva bhava 123 ukta prakaraNoM meM bhava-bhramaNa kA prakAra, Ayu kI dIrghatA Adi aneka viSaya anveSaNIya bana jAte haiN| tIrthaGka ratva prApti ke lie bIsa nimitta aura buddhatva-prApti ke lie daza pAramitAyeM apekSita mAnI gaI haiM / una nimittoM aura pAramitAoM ke hArda meM bahuta kucha samAnatA bIsa nimitta daza pAramitAyeM 1. arihanta kI ArAdhanA 1. dAna 2. siddha kI ArAdhanA 2. zIla 3. pravacana kI ArAdhanA 3. naiSkramya 4. guru kA vinaya 4. prajJA 5. sthavira kA vinaya 5. vIrya 6. bahuzruta kA vinaya 6. kSAnti 7. tapasvI kA vinaya 7. satya 8. abhIkSaNa jJAnopayoga 8. adhiSThAna 6. nirmala samyagadarzana 6. maitrI 10. vinaya 10. upekSA 11. SaD Avazyaka kA vidhivat samAcaraNa 12. brahmacarya kA niraticAra pAlana 13. dhyAna 14. tapazcaryA 15. pAtra-dAna 16. vaiyAvRtti 17. samAdhi-dAna 18. apUrva jJAnAbhyAsa 16. zruta-bhakti 20. pravacana-prabhAvanA bIsa nimittoM aura daza pAramitAoM ke bhAvanAtmaka sAmya ke sAtha-sAtha eka maulika antara bhI hai| buddha buddhatva-prApti ke lie kRta saMkalpa hote haiM aura sArI kriyAe~ buddhatva-prApti 1. imehi ya NaM vIsAehi ya kAraNehiM Aseviya bahulI--kaehi titthayaranAmagoyaM kamma nivattisu taM jahA arahaMta siddha pavayaNa guru thera bahussue tvssiikheN| vacchallayA ya tesiM abhikkhaNANovaoge ya // 1 // dasaNa viNaya Avassae ya sIlavvae nniriyaarN| khaNalava taba cciyAe veyAvacce samAhI y|| 2 // apuvvaNANagahaNe suyabhattI pavayaNe pabhAvaNayA / eehiM kAraNehiM ttitthayarattaM lahai jIo // 3 // ---NAyAdhammakahAo, a0 8, sU0 70 / 2. bauddha dharma darzana, pR0 181-182; jAtaka, prathama khaNDa, pR0 110-131 / ____ 2010_05

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AMgama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 ke liye hI karate haiM / jaina paramparA ke anusAra bItarAgatA (bauddha paribhASA meM arhat pada) ke lie hI prayatna vihita hai / tIrthaGkaratva eka garimApUrNa pada hai| vaha kAmya nahIM huA krtaa| vaha to sahaja sukRta-saMcaya se prApta ho jAtA hai / vihita tapa ko kisI nazvara kAmya ke lie arpita kara denA, jaina paribhASA meM 'nidAna" kahalAtA hai / vaha virAdhakatA kA sUcaka hai| bhautika dhyeya ke lie tapa karanA bhI azAstrIya hai / bauddhoM meM buddhatva isalie kAmya mAnA gayA hai ki vahA~ vyakti apanI bhava-mumukSA ko gauNa karatA hai aura vizva mukti ke lie icchuka hotA hai| tAtparya, jainoM ne tIrthaGka ratva ko upAdhi vizeSa se jor3A hai aura buddhoM ne buddhatva ko.. kevala paropakAritA se / yahI apekSA-bheda donoM paramparAoM ke maulika antara kA kAraNa banA hai| paropakArikatA jaina dharma meM bhI anA-kAGkSaNIya nahIM hai aura padAkAMkSA bauddha dharma meM bhI upAdeya nahIM hai / isa prakAra ukta antara kevala sApekSa vacana-vinyAsa hI ThaharatA hai / 1. dasasuyakkhandha, nidAna prakaraNa / 2. cauvvihA khalu tavasamAhi bhavai / taMjahA--no ihalogaTTayAe tavamahichejjA, no paralogaTayAe tavamahichejjA, no kittivaNNasaddasilogaTayAe tavamahichejjA, nannattha nijjaralyAe tavamahiThThajjA / -dasaveAliyaM, a0 6, u04| ____ 2010_05

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bhagavAn mahAvIra kI maulika jIvana-gAthA zvetAmbara paramparA meM AyAraMga aura kaSpaina do AgamoM meM milatI hai / TIkA, cUrNi, niyukti aura kAvya graMthoM meM vaha pallavita hotI rahI hai / bhagavAn buddha kA prArambhika jIvana-vRta mukhyataH jAtaka meM milatA hai / vaise to samagra Agama va tripiTaka hI donoM kI jIvana-gAthA ke pUraka haiM, para, jIvana-carita kI zailI meM unakI yatkiJcit jIvana-gAthA ukta sthaloM meM hI vizeSataH upalabdha hai / donoM yugapuruSoM ke janma va dIkSA ke varNana paraspara samAna bhI haiM aura asamAna bhI / ve samAnatAe~ aura asamAnatAe~ jaina aura bauddha saMskRtiyoM ke vyavadhAna ko samajhane meM bahuta mahatvapUrNa haiM / isake atirikta una varNanoM se tatkAlIna loka dhAraNAoM, sAmAjika prathAoM aura dhArmika paramparAoM para bhI paryApta prakAza par3atA hai / 6 janma aura pravrajyA mahAvIra aura buddha donoM hI apane prAg-bhava ke antima bhAga meM apane agrima janma ko soca lete haiM / donoM ke socane meM antara kevala yaha hai ki mahAvIra socate haiM, merA janma kahA~ hone vAlA hai aura buddha socate haiM, mujhe kahA~ janma lenA cAhie / buddha ne apane utpatti-kAla ke viSaya meM socA, mujhe usa samaya janma lenA cAhie, jaba manuSyoM kA AyumAna sau varSa se adhika aura lAkha varSa se kama ho / vahI samaya nairyANika (nirvANocita) hotA hai / jaina paramparA meM bhI bharata kSetra meM tIrthaGkaroM kA utpatti-kAla vahI mAnA gayA hai, jaba manuSya madhya Ayu vAle hote haiM / mahAvIra kA jambUdvIpa eka lAkha yojana kA hai aura buddha kA jambUdvIpa dasa hajAra yojana kA / mahAvIra jambUdvIpa ke dakSiNa bhArata meM uttara kSatriya kuNDapura meM janma lete haiM aura buddha jambUdvIpa ke madhya deza meM kapilavastu nagara meM janma lete haiM / donoM hI bhU-bhAga bahuta samIpavartI haiM / kevala abhidhAe~ bhinna-bhinna haiM / mahAvIra brAhmaNa kula meM devAnandA ke garbha meM Ate haiM / indra socatA hai - " arihanta kSatriya kula ko chor3a brAhmaNa, vaizya va zUdra, ina kuloM meM na kabhI utpanna hue, na kabhI hoMge / mujha 'devAnandA kA garbha haraNa kara bhagavAn ko trizalA kSatriyANI ke udara meM sthApita karanA cAhie / 'indra kI AjJA se hariNaigameSI deva vaisA kara detA hai / buddha svayaM socate haiM, buddha brAhmaNa aura kSatriya kula meM hI janma lete hai, vaizya aura zUdra kula meM nahIM; ataH mujhe kSatriya kula meM hI janma lenA hai / indra ne kevala kSatriya kula meM hI tIrthaGkara kA utpanna honA mAnA hai aura buddha ne kSatriya aura brAhmaNa -- ina do kuloM meM buddha kA utpanna honA / 1. garbha-haraNa kA prasaMga digambara paramparA meM abhimata nahIM hai / 'dz 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 garbhAdhAna ke samaya mahAvIra kI mAtA siMha, gaja, vRSabha Adi caudaha svapna dekhatI hai| buddha kI mAtA kevala eka svapna dekhatI hai, hAthI kA / prAtaH svapna-pAThaka mahAvIra ke lie cakravartI yA jina hone kA aura buddha ke lie cakravartI yA buddha hone kA phalAdeza karate haiM / janma-prasaMga para devoM kA saMsarga donoM hI yugapuruSoM ke yahA~ batAyA gayA hai| donoM hI paramparAoM ke varNana AlaMkArika haiM / jAtaka kathA kA varNana adhika vistRta aura atizayokti pradhAna hai / mahAvIra' aura buddha-donoM hI apanI-apanI mAtA ke garbha se mala-nirlipta janma lete haiN| ___ zuddhodana sadyaH-jAta zizu buddha ko kAla devala tapasvI ke caraNoM meM rakhanA cAhatA hai, para, isase pUrva buddha ke caraNa tapasvI kI jaTAoM meM laga jAte haiM, isalie kI buddha janma se hI kisI ko praNAma nahIM kiyA karate / mahAvIra kI jIvana-caryA meM aisI koI ghaTanA nahIM ghaTatI hai, para, tIrthaMkaroM kA bhI yahI niyama hai ki ve kisI puruSa-vizeSa ko praNAma nahIM krte| mahAvIra kA aMka-dhAya, majjana-dhAya Adi pA~ca dhAyeM aura buddha kA nirdoSa dhAyeM lAlanapAlana karatI haiN| zAlA Adi meM jAkara zilpa, vyAkaraNa Adi kA adhyayana na mahAvIra karate haiM aura na buddha / mahAvIra eka dina ke lie zAlA meM jAte haiM aura indra ke vyAkaraNa-sambandhI praznoM kA nirasana kara apanI jJAna-garimA kA paricaya dete haiN| buddha eka dina zilpa-vizAradoM ke bIca apanI zilpa dakSatA kA paricaya dete haiN| mahAvIra bhoga-samartha hokara aura buddha solaha varSa ke hokara dAmpatika jIvana prArambha karate haiM / jAtaka zIta, grISma aura varSA- ina RtuoM ke pRthak-pRthak tIna prAsAda kahakara vaibhavazIlatA vyakta karate haiM / jaina paramparA 'vistIrNa va vipula' kahakara hI bahudhA rAja-prAsAdoM kA varNana karatI hai| anyAnya prakaraNoM se bhI patA calatA hai, usa yuga meM zrImanta loga pRthak-pRthaka RtuoM ke lie pRthak-pRthak prakAra ke bhavana banAte aura Rtu ke anusAra unameM nivAsa karate buddha ke manoraJjana ke lie cammAlIsa sahasra nartikAoM kI niyukti kA varNana hai| pratibodha-samaya para mahAvIra ko lokAntika deva Akara pratibuddha karate haiM aura buddha ko deva Akara vRddha, rogI, mRta va saMnyAyI ke pUrva zakunoM se pratibuddha karate haiM / bodhi-prApti ke ananta ra buddha ko bhI lokAntika devoM kI taraha hI sahampati brahmA Akara dharmacakra pravartana ke lie anuprerita karate hai| dIkSA se pUrva mahAvIra varSIdAna karate haiM / buddha ke lie aisA ullekha nahIM the| nagara-pratolI se bAhara hote hI mAra buddha se kahatA hai--"Aja se sAtaveM dina tumhAre lie cakra-ratna utpanna hogA; ata: ghara chor3akara mata niklo|" cakravartI hone vAle ke lie cakra-ratna kI parikalpanA jaina paramparA meM bhI mAnya hai| 1. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritram, prathama parva (hindI anuvAda),pR0 136 / 2. kalpasUtrArtha prabodhinI, pR0 127 / 3. udavAI, sU06 : vicchiNNaviulabhavana / 4. bhagavatI sUtra, za06, u0 33 / 5. jAtaka aTakathA, santi ke nidAna, pR0 154 / 6. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritram prathama parva, sarga 3, zlo0 513 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] janma aura pravrajyA 127 mahAvIra kA dIkSA-samAroha indra Adi deva, nandIvardhana Adi manuSya Ayojita prakAra se mAnate haiN| ve mahAvIra ko alaMkRta karate hai, zivikArUr3ha karate haiM, jUlUsa nikAlate haiM, yAvat dIkSA-grahaNa-vidhi sampanna karAte haiM / jisa rAta ko buddha kA mahAbhiniSkramaNa hotA hai, usI dina indra ke Adeza se buddha ke snAkottara-kAla meM deva Ate haiM aura anya upasthitiyoM se adRSTa rahakara hI unakI veza-sajjA karate haiN| donoM prakaraNoM ko eka sAtha dekhane se lagatA hai, AgAmoM kI dIkSA-zailI kA anusaraNa jAtaka meM huA hai| buddha ke ghaTanAtmaka dIkSA-prayANa meM deva-saMsarga ko yathAzakya hI jor3A jA sakatA thaa| para, yaha kamI bhI kathAkAra ne taba pUrI kI, jaba buddha rAtri ke nIrava vAtAvaraNa meM apane azva ko bar3hAye hI cale jA rahe the| vahA~ sATha-sATha hajAra devatA cAroM ora hAtha meM mazAla lie calate haiN| janma, dIkSA Adi vizeSa-sUcanA-prasaMgoM para jaina samullekha indra ke siMhAsana kA prakampita honA batalAte haiM aura bauddha samullekha usakA tapta (garma) honA batalAte haiN| __ mahAvIra ne dIkSA grahaNa ke samaya paMca muSTika luncana kiyaa| buddha ne apanA keza-jUTa talavAra se kaattaa| mahAvIra ke kezoM ko indra ne eka vajra ratnamaya thAla meM grahaNa kara kSIra samudra meM visarjita kiyaa| buddha ne apane kaTe keza-jUTa ko AkAza meM pheNkaa| yojana-bhara U~cAI para vaha adhara TikA / indra ne use vahAM se ratnamaya karaNya meM grahaNa kara trayastriza loka meM cUr3AmaNi caitya kA svarUpa diyaa| mahAvIra ke lie kahA gayA hai--avaThThie kesamaMsu romanahe' arthAt keza, smazra, roma, nakha avasthita (avRddhi-zIla) rahate haiN| dIkSA-grahaNa-kAla se buddha ke bhI keza avasthita batAye gaye haiN| donoM hI paramparAoM ne ise atizaya mAnA hai| donoM ke hI keza pradakSiNAvarta' (dhuMgharAle) batAye gaye haiN| jisa azva para savAra hokara buddha ghara se nikale, usakA nAma kanthaka thaa| vaha gardana se lekara pUMcha taka aThAraha hAtha lambA thaa| buddha meM eka sahastra koTi hAthiyoM jitanA bala batalAyA gayA hai| jaina paramparA ke anusAra cAlIsa lAkha aSTApada kA bala eka cakravartI meM hotA hai aura tIrthaGkara to anantabalI hote haiN| mahAvIra ne janma-jAta dazA meM hI meru ko aMgUThe mAtra se prakampita kara indra Adi devoM ko sandeha-mukta kiyaa| buddha ke jIvana-carita meM aisI koI ghaTanA nahIM milatI, para, yogabala se yadA-kadA ve nAnA cAmatkArika sthitiyAM sampanna karate rahe haiM / bhagavAna mahAvIra isa avasarpiNI kAla kA suSama-suSama ArA bIta cukA thaa| suSama ArA bIta cukA thaa| suSama-duHSama ArA bhI bIta cukA thA aura duHSama-suSama ArA bhI bahuta kucha bIta cukA thaa| kevala vaha pacahattara varSa sAr3he ATha mAsa avazeSa thaa| usa samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra grISma 1. samavAyAMga, sama0 343 2. ullekhanIya yaha hai ki jaina AgamoM (samavAyAMga, sama0 34; uvavAI, sU010) meM 'jina' ke atizayoM ko "cauttIsabuddha 'atise"..."cauMtIsa buddha ke atizaya" kahA hai| 'jina' aura 'buddha' zabda kI ekArthatA ke lie yaha eka sundara pramANa haiN| 3. mahAvIra ke viSaya meM batAyA gayA hai-'NikuruMba-niciya-kuMciya-payAhiNAvattamuddhasirae' uvavAI, suu010)| 2010_05

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128 Agama aura eka tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 Rtu ke caturtha mAsa, aSTama pakSa ASAr3ha zuklA SaSThI ke dina hastottara nakSatra kA yoga Ane para prANata nAmaka daza svarga ke puNDarIka nAmaka mahAvimAna se bIsa sAgaropama pramANa deva AyuSya ko pUrNa kara vahA~ se cyuta hue| devAnandA kI kukSi meM jambadvIpa ke dakSiNa bharatakSetra meM dakSiNa brAhmaNakuNDa sanniveza meM koDAla gotrIya RSabhadatta kI jAlaMdhara gotrIyA devAnandA brAhmaNI kI kukSi meM avatarita hue / kSaNa bhara ke liye prANI-mAtra ke duHkha kA accheda ho gyaa| tInoM hI loka meM sukha aura prakAza phaila gyaa| / usa samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra mati, zruta aura avadhi-ina tIna jJAna ke dhAraka the| isa devagati se mujhe cyuta honA hai, yaha unhoMne jaanaa| cyuta hokara maiM devAnandA brAhmaNI kI kukSi meM pahuMca cukA hUM, yaha bhI unhoMne jAnA, kintu cyavana-kAla ko unhoMne nahIM jAnA, kyoMki vaha atyanta sUkSma hotA hai| devoM kA AyuSya jaba chaH mAsa avaziSTa rahatA hai, taba unakI mAlA murajhA jAtI hai, kalpa vRkSa kampita hone lagatA hai, zrI aura hI kA nAza ho jAtA hai, vastroM kA uparAga hone lagatA hai, dInatA chA jAtI hai, nIMda ur3a jAtI hai, kAmanA samApta ho jAtI hai, zarIra TUTane lagatA hai, dRSTi meM bhrAnti ho jAtI hai, kampana hone lagatA hai aura cintA meM hI samaya vyatIta hotA hai| kintu, mahAvIra isake apavAda the| unake sAtha uparyukta bAraha prakAra nahIM hue| yaha unakA atizaya thaa| garbhAdhAna ke samaya devAnandA ne ardhanidrita avasthA meM caudaha svapna dekhe| tatkAla prasannamanA uThI aura usane RSabhadatta ko sArA svapna-vRtta sunaayaa| RSabhadatta bhI bahuta harSita huaa| usane kahA -- "subhage ! ye svapna vilakSaNa haiN| kalyANa va ziva rUpa haiN| maMgalamaya haiM / ArogyadAyaka va maMgala kAraka haiM / ina svapnoM ke pariNAma svarUpa tujhe artha, bhoga, putra aura sukha kA lAbha hogaa| nava mAsa aura sAr3he sAta dina vyatIta hone para tU eka alaukika putra ko janma degii| usa putra ke hAtha-pAMva bar3e sukumAra hoNge| vaha pAMcoM indriyoM se pratipUrNa va sAMgopAMga hogaa| usakA zarIra sugaThita aura sarvAMga sundara hogaa| viziSTa lakSaNa, vyaMjana va guNa-sampanna hogaa| vaha candra ke sadRzya saumya aura sabako priya, kAnta va manojJa hogaa| ____ "zaizava kI dehalI ko pAra kara jaba vaha yauvana meM praviSTa hogA, usakA jJAna bahuta vistRta ho jaayegaa| vaha Rgveda, yajurveda sAmaveda va atharvaveda, itihAsa tathA nighaNTu kA sAMgopAMga jJAtA hogA / unake sUkSmatama rahasyoM ko vivikta kregaa| vedo ke vismRta hArda kA punaH jAgaraNa kregaa| veda ke SaDaMgoM va saSTi taMtra (kApilIya) zAstra meM niSNAta hogaa| gaNita zAstra, jyotiSa, vyAkaraNa, brAhmaNa zAstra, parivrAjaka zAstra Adi meM bhI dhuraMdhara hogaa|" garbha-saMharaNa avadhi jJAna se mahAvIra ke garbhAvataraNa kI ghaTanA jaba indra ko jJAta huI to sahasA vicAra AyA-tIrthaGkara, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva, Adi zUdra, adhama, tuccha, alpa kauTu,mbika, nirdhana, kRpaNa, bhikSaka yA brAhmaNa kUla meM avatarita nahIM hote| ve to rAjanya kula meM jJAta, kSatriya, ikSvAku, hari Adi vaMzoM meM hI avatarita hote hai| tatkAla hariNagameSI deva 1. AcArAMga, zruta02, a0 15, patra saM0 388-1 / 2. kalpasUtra, 17-18 / ___ 2010_05

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126 itihAsa aura paramparA] janma aura pravrajyA ko bulAyA aura garbha-parivartana kA Adeza diyaa| Azvina kRSNA 13 kI madhya rAtri thii| uttarA phalgunI nakSatra thaa| mahAvIra ko devAnandA kI kukSi meM Ae bayAsI ahorAtra bIta cuke the / tirAsiveM dina kI madhya rAtri meM hariNagameSI deva ne unakA devAnandA kI kukSi se saMharaNa kara unheM trizalA kI kukSi meM prasthApita kiyaa| mahAvIra tIna jJAna se sampanna the; ataH saMharaNa se pUrva unheM jJAta thA, aisA hogaa| saMharaNa ke bAda bhI unheM jJAta thA, aisA ho cukA hai aura saMharaNa ho rahA hai, aisA bhI unheM jJAta thaa|' pazcima rAtri meM trizalA ne 1. siMha, 2. hAthI, 3. vRSabha, 4. lakSmI, 5. puSpamAlA yugma, 6. candra, 7. sUrya, 8.dhvajA, 6. kalaza, 10. padmasarovara, 11. kSIra samudra, 12. deva-vimAna, 13. ratna-rAzi aura 14. nirdhUma agni, ye caudaha svapna dekhe / vaha jgii| prasannamanA rAjA siddhArtha ke pAsa AI aura svapna-udanta khaa| rAjA ko bhI isa zubhasaMvAda se hAdika prasannatA huI / usane trizalA se kahA-"tU ne kalyANakArI svapna dekhe haiN| inake phalasvarUpa hameM artha, bhoga, putra va sukha kI prApti hogI aura rAjya kI abhivRddhi hogii| koI mahAn AtmA hamAre ghara aaegii|" siddhArtha dvArA apane svapnoM kA saMkSipta, kintu, viziSTa phala sunakara trizalA pramudita haI / rAjA ke pAsa se uThakara vaha apane zayanAgAra meM AI / mAMgalika svapna niSphala na hoM, isa uddezya se usane zeSa rAtri adhyAtma-jAgaraNa meM bitaaii| rAjA siddhArtha prAtaH utthaa| usake pratyeka avayava meM sphuraNA thii| prAtaH kRtyoM se nivRtta ho vyAyAma zAlA meM aayaa| zastrAbhyAsa, valAna (kUdanA), vyAmardana, mallayuddha va padmAsana Adi vividha Asana kie / thakAna dUra karane ke lie zatapAka va sahasrapAka tela kA mardana kraayaa| majjana-ghara meM Akara snAna kiyaa| gozIrSaka candana kA vilepana kiyaa| sundara vastra AbhUSaNa pahane / saba taraha se sajjita ho, sabhA-bhavana meM maayaa| siddhArtha ke siMhAsana ke samIpahI trizalA ke lie yavanikA ke pIche ratna-jaTita bhadrAsana rakhA gyaa| rAjA ne kauTumbika ko aSTAMga nimitta ke jJAtA svapna-pAThakoM ko rAja-sabhA meM AmaMtrita karane kA Adeza diyaa| kauTumbika ne tatkAla usa Adeza ko kriyAnvita kiyaa| svapna-phala nimantraNa pAkara svapna-pAThakoM ne snAna kiyA, deva pUjA aura tilaka lgaayaa| duHsvapna-nAza ke lie dadhi, dUrvA aura akSata se maMgala kiye, nirmala vastra pahane, AbhUSaNa pahane aura mastaka para zveta sarasoM va dUrvA lgaaii| kSatriya kuNDa nagara ke madhya se hote hue rAja-sabhA ke dvAra para phuNce| vahA~ unhoMne paraspara vicAra-vinimaya kiyA aura eka dhImAn ko apanA pramukha cunaa| sabhA meM praviSTa ho, rAjA kA abhivAdana kiyA / siddhArtha ne unheM satkRta kiyA aura trizalA dvArA saMdRSTa caudaha svapnoM kA phala puuchaa| anyonya vimarSaNA ke anantara svapna-pAThakoM ne uttara meM kahA--"rAjana! svapnazAstra meM sAmAnya phala dene vAle bayAlIsa aura uttama phala dene vAle tIsa mahAsvapna batAye gaye haiN| kula milAkara bahattara svapna hote haiN| tIrthaGkara aura cakravartI kI mAtA tIsa mahAsvapnoM meM se caudaha svapna dekhatI hai / vAsudeva kI mAtA sAta, baladeva kI mAtA cAra aura mAMDalika rAjA kI mAtA eka svapna dekhatI hai|" 1. kalpasUtra meM saMharaNa-kAla ko bhI ajJAta batAyA hai / vaha kisI apekSA-vizeSa se hI yathArtha ho sakatA hai| tattvataH to avadhi-jJAna-yukta mahAvIra ke lie vaha agamya nahIM ho sktaa| 2010_05

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130 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 svapna-zAstriyoM ne Age kahA-"rAjan ! mahArAnI trizalA ne caudaha svapna dekhe haiM; ataH artha-lAbha, puva-lAbha sukha-lAbha aura rAjya-lAbha sunizcita hai / nava mAsa aura sAr3he sAta ahorAtra vyatIta hone para kula-ketu, kula-dIpa, kula-kirITa, kula-tilaka putra kA prasava kreNgii| vaha ApakI kula paramparA kA vardhaka, kula kI kItti, vRddhi va nirvAha kA sarjaka hogaa| pA~coM indriyoM se pratipUrNa, sarvAMga sundara va sukumAra hogaa| lakSaNa ba vyaMjana guNoM se yukta, priyadarzana va zAMta hogaa| ___ "zaizava samApta karate hI paripakvajJAna vAlA hogaa| jaba vaha yauvana meM praviSTa hogA, dAnavIra, parAkramI va cAroM dizAoM kA adhizAstA cakravartI yA cAra gati kA paribhramaNa samApta karane vAlA dharma-cakravartI tIrthaGkara hogaa|" svapna-pAThakoM ne eka-eka kara caudaha svapnoM kA savistAra vivecana kiyA / siddhArtha aura trizalA use suna zataguNita harSita hue| rAjA ne unheM jIbhara dakSiNA dI aura sasatkAra vidA kiyaa| mAta-prema mahAvIra ne garbha meM eka bAra socA-mere hilane-Dulane se mAtA ko kaSTa hotA hogA / mujhe isameM nimitta nahIM bananA cAhie / aura ve apane aMgopAMgoM ko akampita kara susthira ho gye| trizalA ko vividha AzaMkAe~ huI-kyA kisI deva ne mere garbha kA haraNa kara liyA hai ? kyA vaha mara gayA hai ? kyA vaha gala gayA hai ? vividha AzaMkAoM ne trizalA kehadaya para eka maharA AghAsa pahuMcAyA / vaha sanna-sI raha gii| vikhinna vadana rone lgii| vedanA kA bhAra itanA bar3hA ki vaha mUchita hokara gira pdd'ii| sakhiyoM ne tatkAla use sambhAlA aura garbha-kuzalatA kA prazna pUchA / vRddhA nAriyAM zAMti karma, maMgala va upacAra ke nimita manautiyAM karane lagI aura jyotiSiyoM ko bulA kara unase nAmA prazna puchane lgiiN| siddhArtha bhI isa saMvAda se cintita huaa| maMtrIjana bhI kiMkartavyavimUr3ha ho gaye / rAja-bhavana kA rAga-raMga samApta ho gyaa| mahAvIra ne jJAna-bala se isa udanta ko jAnA / unhoMne socA-maiMne to yaha saba kucha mAtA ke sukha ke lie kiyA thA, kintu, isakA pariNAma to anAlocita hI huaa| unhoMne mAtA ke sukha ke lie hilanA-DulanA Arambha kiyaa| garbha kI kuzalatA se trizalA pulaka utthii| use apane pUrva cintana para anutApa huaa| use pUrNa vizvAsa ho gayA--na merA garbha apahRta huA hai, na marA hai aura na galA hai / maiMne yaha amaMgala cintana kyoM kiyA ? trizalA kI prasannatA se sArA rAja-bhavana Ananda magna ho gyaa| yaha ghaTanA usa samaya kI hai, jaba mahAvIra ko garbha meM Aye sArdha chaH mAsa vyatIta ho cuke the| isa ghaTanA kA mahAvIra ke mana para asara huaa| unhoMne socA- mere dIkSA-kAla meM to na jAne mAtA-pitA ko kitanA kaSTa hogA? mAtA-pitA ke isI kaSTa ko vicAra kara garbha meM hI unhoMne pratijJA kI--"pAtA-pitA ke rahate maiM prabajita nahIM houuNgaa|" garbha ko surakSita sthiti meM pAkara trizalA ne snAna, pUjana va kautuka-maMgala kie tathA AbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta huI / garbha-poSaNa ke nimitta vaha ati zIta, ati uSNa, ati likta, ati kaTuka, ati kaSAyita, ati Amla, ati snigdha, ati rukSa, ati Ardra, ati zuSka bhojana kA parihAra karatI aura Rtu-anukUla bhojana krtii| ati cintA, ati zoka, ati dainya, ati moda, ati bhaya, ati trAsa Adi se bacakara rhtii| 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] vayaH prApta va anubhava prApta mahilAoM kI zikSA kA smaraNa karatI huI, garbha-saMrakSaNa ke lie vaha manda manda calatI, zanaiH-zanaiH bolatI, krodha va aTTahAsa na karatI, pathya vastuoM kA sevana karatI, kaTi-bandhana zithila rakhatI thI, uccAvaca bhUmi meM parivrajana karatI huI sambhala kara rahatI tathA khule AkAza meM na baiThatI / mahAvIra jaba se garbha meM Aye, siddhArtha ke ghara dhana-dhAnya kI vipula vRddhi hone lagI / zakendra ke Adeza se vaizravaNa jRmbhaka devoM ke dvArA bhUmigata dhana-bhaNDAra, binA svAmI kA dhanabhaNDAra, binA saMrakSaNa kA dhana bhaNDAra, apitu aisA bhUmigata dhana bhaNDAra bhI, jo kisI ke lie bhI jJAta nahIM hai tathA grAma, nagara, araNya, mArga, jalAzaya, tIrtha-sthAna, udyAna, zUnyAgAra, girikandarA Adi meM saMgopita dhana-bhaNDAra Adi ko vahA~ vahA~ se uThAkara siddhArtha ke ghara pahuMcAne lgaa| rAjya meM dhana-dhAnya, yAna- vAhana Adi kI pracura vRddhi huI / dohada janma aura pravrajyA kappasutta kI kalpalatA vyAkhyA ke anusAra trizalA ko indrANiyoM se chInakara unake kuNDala pahanane kA dohada utpanna huA / kintu, aisA ho pAnA sarvathA asambhava thA; ataH vaha durmanaska rahane lagI / sahasA indra kA Asana kampita huA / avadhi- jJAna ke bala se usane yaha saba kucha jAnA / ise pUrNa karane ke uddezya se usane indrANI prabhRti apsarAoM ko sAtha liyA aura eka durgama parvata ke antarvartI viSama sthAna meM deva nagara kA nirmANa kara rahane lagA / siddhArtha ne jaba yaha jAnA, sasainya indra ke pAsa AyA aura usase kuNDaloM kI yAcanA kI / indra ne use dene se manA kiyaa| donoM hI pakSa yuddha ke lie sajja hue / indra yuddha meM samartha thA, phira bhI kucha samaya lar3akara vahAM se bhAga niklaa| siddhArtha ne apsarAoM ko lUTa liyA / bilakhati huI indrANiyoM ke hAthoM se balapUrvaka rAjA ne kuNDala chIne aura trizalA ko lAkara diye / rAnI ne unheM pahana kara apanA dohada pUrNa kiyA / I 131 caitra zuklA trayodazI kI madhya rAtri meM nava mAsa sAr3he sAta ahorAtra kI garbha-sthiti kA paripAka huA / mahAvIra ne pUrNa Arogya ke sAtha janma liyA / ve devatAoM kI taraha jarAyu, rudhira va mala se rahita theN| usa dina sAtoM graha ucca sthAna-sthita the aura uttarA phAlgunI nakSatra ke sAtha candramA kA yoga thA / atyanta AzcaryakAraka prakAza se sArA saMsAra jagamagA uThA / AkAza meM gambhIra ghoSa se dundubhi bajane lagI / nAraka jIvoM ne abhUtapUrva sukha kI sA~sa lI / saba dizAe~ zAnta evaM vizuddha thIM / zakuna jaya-vijaya ke sUcaka the / dhAyu anukUla va manda manda cala rahI thI / bAdaloM se sugaMdhita jala kI varSA ho rahI thI / bhUmi zasyazyAmalA ho rahI thI / sArA deza Anandamagna thA / janmotsava 2010_05 janma ke samaya chappana dik kumAriyA~ AIM aura unhoMne sUtikarma kiyA / saudharma devaloka ke indra kA Asana kampita huA / avadhi jJAna se use jJAta huA ki carama tIrthaGkara mahAvIra kA janma huA hai / atyanta AhlAdita vaha apane pUre parivAra ke sAtha kSatriyakuNDapura kI ora calA / usake sAtha bhuvanapati, vyantara, jyotiSka aura vaimAnika - cAroM nikAya ke deva aura unake indra bhI the| sabhI deva ahaMprathamikA se siddhArtha ke rAja-mahaloM meM pahu~cane ke lie prayatnazIla the / indra ne mahAvIra aura trizalA kI tIna pradakSiNA kI aura unheM praNAma kiyA / mahAvIra kA eka pratibimba banAkara mAtA ke pAsa rkhaa| avasvApinI nindrA meM mAtA ko sulAkara mahAvIra ko meru parvata ke zikhara para le ge| vahA~ sabhI deva ATha prakAra ke ATha hajAra

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa:1 causaTha jala-kalaza lekara snAtrAbhiSeka ko udyata hue| saudharmendra mana-hI-mana AzaMkita huA, eka bAlaka itane jala-pravAha ko kaise saha sakegA ?' ... mahAvIra ne indra kI AzaMkA ko avadhi jJAna se jAna liyaa| usakI nivRti ke lie unhoMne apane bAyeM pA~va se meru parvata ko thor3A-sA dbaayaa| vaha kampita ho gyaa| indra ne kampana kA kAraNa jAnane ke lie apane jJAna kA prayoga kiyaa| use mahAvIra kI ananta zakti kA anubhava huaa| tatkAla bhagavAn se kSamA yAcanA kii| indra aura devoM ne milakara jalAbhiSeka kiyaa| bhagavAn kI stuti kI aura unheM punaH trizalA ke pAsa lAkara liTA diyaa| priyaMvadA dAsI ne prAtaHkAla siddhArtha ko sarvaprathama isa zubha saMvAda se sUcita kiyA / siddhArtha atyadhika pramudita huaa| usane mukuTa ke atirikta apane zarIra para pahane samasta AbhUSaNa use upahAra meM die aura jIvana-paryanta use dAsatva se mukta kara diyA / ArakSakoM ko apane pAsa bulAyA aura Adeza diyA- bandIgRha ke samasta kaidiyoM ko mukta kara do| RNIjanoM ko RNa-mukta kara do| bAjAra meM udghoSaNA kara do, vastu kI AvazyakatA hone para jo svayaM na kharIda sakatA ho, use binA mUlya liye hI vaha vastu dI jAye / usakA mUlya rAja-koSa se diyA jaayegaa| mApa aura tola kara dI jAne vAlI vastuoM ke mApa meM vRddhi karA do| nagara kI saba ora se saphAI kro| sugandhita jala se samasta bhU-bhAga para chir3akAva kro| devAlayoM aura rAjamArgoM ko sjaao| bAjAroM meM va anya pramukha sthAnoM para maMca baMdhavA do tAki nAgarika sukhAsIna hokara mahotsava dekha skeN| dIvAroM para saphedI karAo aura una para thApe lgvaao| nagara ke samasta naTa-nATaka karane vAloM. naTTaga -nAcane vAloM, jallarassI para khelane vAloM, malla-malloM, maTiTha-maSTi-yuddha karane vAloM, viDambaka-vidUSakoM, pavaga-bandara ke samAna uchala-kUda karane vAloM, gaDDhe phAMdane vAloM va nadI meM tairane vAloM, kahagA--kathA-vAcakoM, pAThaga-sUkti pAThakoM, lAsaga-rAsa karane vAloM, lekha-bAMsa para car3hakara khela karane vAloM, maMkha-hAtha meM citra lekara bhikSA mAMgane vAloM, tUNa illa - tUNanAmaka vAdya bajAne vAloM, tumba-vINikA-vINA-vAdakoM, madaMga-vAdakoM va tAlAcarA-tAliyAM bajAne vAloM ko sajja karo aura unheM trika, catuSpatha va caccara Adi meM apanI utkRSTa kalAbAjiyAM dikhAne kA nirdeza do| sabhI sambandhita adhikArI aura karmacArI una kAmoM meM juTa gye| siddhArtha vyAyAma zAlA meM AyA / niyamapUrvaka apanI dainika caryA sampanna kii| snAna kiyA aura vastrAbhUSaNoM se sajjita hokara rAja-sabhA meM aayaa| Ananda-vinoda ke sAtha dasa dina taka sthitipatita nAmaka mahotsava manAne kA nirdeza kiyaa| tIsare dina mahAvIra ko candra-sUrya-darzana karAye ge| chaThe dina rAtri-jAgaraNa huaa| bArahaveM dina nAma-saMskAra kiyA gyaa| usa dina siddhArtha ne apane iSTa mitroM, svajanoM, snehiyoM va bhRtyoM ko AmaMtrita kara bhojana-pAnI, alaMkAra Adi se sabako satkRta kiyaa| Agantuka atithiyoM ko sambodhita karate hue usane kahA- "jaba se yaha bAlaka garbha meM AyA hai, dhana-dhAnya, koza, koSThAgAra, bala svajana aura rAjya meM atizaya vRddhi huI hai ; ataH isakA nAma 'varddhamAna' rakhA jaae|" siddhArtha kA yaha prastAva sabhI ko bhA gyaa| mahAvIra kA sarvaprathama varddhamAna nAmakaraNa huaa| jaba ve sAdhanA meM pravRtta hue aura duHsaha, mAraNAntika va mahAdAruNa pariSahoM meM avicalita rahe to devoM ne unakA mahAvIra nAmakaraNa kiyA, jo ati vizruta huaa| 1. kappa, kalpalatA vyAkhyA, patra saMkhyA 108-2, 106-1 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] janma aura pravrajyA bAlya-jIvana mahAvIra kA bAlya-kAla eka rAjakumAra kI bhA~ti sukha-samRddhi aura Ananda meM biitaa| unake lAlana-pAlana ke lie pAMca sudakSa dhAiyA~ niyukta kI gaIM, jo unake pratyeka kArya ko vidhivat saMcAlita karatI thiiN| una pA~coM ke kAma ba~Te hue the--dUdha pilAnA, snAna karAnA, vastrAbhUSaNa pahanAnA, krIr3A karAnA va goda meM lenaa| __ khela-kUda meM mahAvIra ko vizeSa ruci nahIM thI; phira bhI apane samavayaskoM ke sAtha ve yadA-kadA pramadavana (gRhodyAna) meM khelate the| eka bAra jabaki unakI avasthA ATha varSa se kucha kama thI, samavayaskoM ke sAtha saMkulI (AmalakI) khela rahe the| isa khela meM kisI vRkSa vizeSa ko lakSita kara sabhI bAlaka usakI ora daur3a pdd'te| jo bAlaka sabase pahale usa vRkSa para car3hakara utara AtA, vaha vijayI hotaa| parAjita bAlakoM ke kaMdhoM para savAra hokara vaha usa sthAna taka jAtA, jahA~ se daur3a Arambha hotI thii| ___krIr3Arata mahAvIra ko lakSya kara eka bAra zakendra ne devoM se kahA---'mahAvIra bAlaka hote hue bhI bar3e parAkramI va sAhasI haiN| indra, deva, dAnava,-koI bhI unako parAjita nahIM kara sktaa| eka deva ko indra ke isa kathana para vizvAsa na huaa| parIkSA ke lie, jahA~ mahAvIra khela rahe the, vaha vahA~ aayaa| bhayaMkara sarpa banakara pIpala ke tane para lipaTa gayA aura phuphakArane lgaa| mahAvIra usa samaya pIpala para car3he hue the| vikarAla sarpa ko dekhakara sabhI bAlaka Dara ge| varddhamAna tanika bhI vicalita na hue| unhoMne dAMye hAtha se sarpa ko pakar3a kara eka ora DAla diyaa| bAlaka phira ekatrita hue aura tidUMsaka khela khelane lge| do-do bAlakoM ke bIca vaha khela khelA jAtA thaa| donoM bAlaka lakSita vRkSa kI ora daur3a pdd'te| jo bAlaka lakSita vRkSa ko sabase pahale chU letA, vaha vijayI hotaa| vijayI parAjita para savAra hokara prasthAna-sthAna para aataa| vaha deva bAlaka banakara usa TolI meM sammilita ho gyaa| mahAvIra ne use parAjita kara vakSa ko cha liyaa| niyamAnusAra mahAvIra usa para ArUDha hokara niyata sthAna para Ane lage / deva ne unheM bhIta karane va unakA apaharaNa karane ke lie apane zarIra ko sAta tAr3a praNAma U~cA aura bahuta hI bhayAvaha banA liyaa| sabhI bAlaka ghabarA gae / kucha citkAra karane lage va kucha rone lge| mahAvIra avicalita rahe / unhoMne usakI dhUrtatA ko bhAMpa liyA aura apane pauruSa se usake sira va pITha para muSTikA kA prahAra kiyaa| deva usa prahAra ko saha na sakA / vaha jamIna meM dhaMsane lgaa| usane apanA vAstavika rUpa prakaTa kiyA aura lajjita hokara mahAvIra ke caraNoM meM gira par3A / bolA-"indra ne jaisI ApakI prazaMsA kI thI, Apa unase bhI adhika dhIra va vIra haiN|" deva apane sthAna para gayA / indra svayaM AyA aura usane unake vIrocita kAryoM kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kii| bala mahAvIra ke bala ke bAre meM mAnA jAtA hai-bAraha yoddhAoM kA bala eka vRSabha meM, dasa vRSabhoM kA bala eka azva meM, bAraha azvoM kA bala eka mahiSa meM, pandraha mahiSoM kA bala eka hAthI meM, pA~ca sau hAthiyoM kA bala eka kesarIsiMha meM, do hajAra kesarIsiMha kA bala eka aSTA pada meM, dasa lAkha aSTApadoM kA bala eka baladeva meM, do baladevoM kA bala eka vAsudeva meM, do baladevoM kA bala eka cakravartI meM, eka lAkha cakravatiyoM kA bala eka nAgendra meM, eka karor3a nAgendroM kA bala eka indra meM aura aise ananta indroM ke bala ke sadRza bala tIrthaGkaroM kI kaniSTha aMguli meM hotA hai| 2010_05

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134 adhyayana Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana mahAvIra jaba kucha adhika ATha varSa ke hue to mAtA-pitA ne zubha muhUrta meM adhyayanArtha vidyAlaya bhejA / paMDita ko upahAra meM nAriyala, bahumUlya vastra va AbhUSaNa diye gaye / vidyAthiyoM meM khAne ke svAdu padArtha va adhyayana meM upayogI vastue~ vitarita kI giiN| paMDita ne mahAvIra ke lie vizeSa Asana kI vyavasthA kI / [ khaNDa : 1 indra ko siddhArtha aura trizalA kI isa pravRtti para vismaya huA / tIna jJAna sampanna mahApuruSa ko sAmAnya jana par3hAye, yaha ucita nahIM hai / vaha brAhmaNa kA rUpa banAkara vahA~ AyA / mahAvIra se sabhI vidyArthiyoM va paMDita kI upasthiti meM vyAkaraNa sambandhI nAnA duruha prazna pUche / mahAvIra ne avilamba unake uttara diye / paMDita va vidyArthI cakita ho gaye / una prazno uttaroM se paMDita kI bhI bahuta sArI zaMkAe~ nirmUla ho giiN| indra ne paMDita se kahA chAtra asAdhAraNa hai / saba zAstroM meM pAraMgata yaha bAlaka mahAvIra hai / " paMDita ko isa sUcanA se hArdika prasannatA huI / indra ne mahAvIra ke mukha se niHsRta una uttaroM ko vyavasthita saMkalita kiyA aura use aindra vyAkaraNa kI saMjJA dI / "yaha vivAha siddhArtha aura trizalA ne yauvana meM mahAvIra se vivAha kA Agraha kiyA / mahAvIra dAmpatika jIvana jInA nahIM cAhate the, kintu, ve mAtA-pitA ke Agraha ko TAla bhI na sake / vasantapura nagara ke mahAsAmanta samaravIra va padmAvatI kI kanyA yazodA ke sAtha unakA pANigrahaNa huA / unake pArivArika janoM kA paricaya bhI AgamoM meM paryApta rUpa se milatA hai / unake cAcA kA nAma supArzva, agraja kA nAma nandIvardhana, bar3I bahina kA nAma sudarzanA, putrI kA nAma priyadarzanA va anavadyA tathA dAmAda kA nAma jamAli thA / dohitrI kA nAma zeSavatI va yazasvatI thA / mahAvIra sahaja virakta the / unakA zarIra atyanta kAnta va baliSTha thA / unake lie bhoga - sAmagrI sarva sulabha thI, para, ve usameM udAsIna va anutsuka rahate the / siddhArtha aura trizalA pAvapityika upAsaka the / unakA dharmAnurAga bar3A utkaTa thA / unhoMne aneka varSoM taka zramaNopAsaka dharma kA pAlana kiyA ! apane antima samaya meM ahiMkA kI sAdhanA ke lie pApoM kI AlocanA, nindrA, garhA karate hue pratikramaNa va prAyazcitta kara yAvajjIvana ke lie saMthArA kiyaa| vahA~ se Ayu zeSa kara ve acyuta kalpa meM utpanna hue / mahAvIra usa samaya aTAIsa varSa ke the / apanI pratijJA pUrNa hone para unhoMne apane aja nandIvardhana ke samakSa pravajita hone kI bhAvanA prastuta kI / nandIvardhana ko isase AvAta lagA | mAtA-pitA ke viyoga meM anuja kA bhI viyoga vaha sahane meM akSama thaa| usake anurodha 1. vaijayantI koSa ( pR0 847 ) meM sAmanta kA artha par3osI rAjA kiyA hai| kauTilIya arthazAstra meM bhI sAmanta zabda kA yahI artha upalabdha hotA hai / par3osI rAjAoM meM bhI jo pramukha hote the, ve mahAsAmanta kahalAte the / 2010_05 2. digambara- paramparA bhagavAn mahAvIra kA pANigrahaNa to nahIM mAnatI, para, itanA avazya mAnatI hai ki mAtA-pitA kI ora se unake vivAha kA vAtAvaraNa banAyA gayA thA / aneka rAjA apanI-apanI kanyAeM unheM denA cAhate the / rAjA jitazatru apanI kanyA yazodA kA unake sAtha vivAha karane ke lie vizeSa AgrahazIla thaa| para, mahAvIra ne vivAha karanA svIkAra nahIM kiyA / - harivaMza purANa

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itihAsa aura paramparA janma aura pravrajyA 135 para mahAvIra aura do varSa taka pravajita na hone ke lie sahamata ho ge| isI bIca sarvatra yaha bAta phaila gaI ki mahAvIra ke garbha-samaya unakI mAtA ne caturdaza svapna dekhe the; ataH ve aba cakravatI hoNge| bar3e-bar3e rAjAoM ne zreNika, caNDa pradyotana Adi apane kumAroM ko unakI sevA meM tatpara kara diyaa|' kintu, mahAvIra to anAsakta the| cakravatitva unake samakSa nagaNya thaa| ve to niviSNa avasthA meM hI rahate / isa avadhi meM gRhasthAvAsa meM rahate hue bhI unhoMne sacitta pAnI nahIM piyA, rAtri-bhojana nahIM kiyA aura brahmacarya kA pAlana kiyaa| bhUmi-zayana hI karate aura kaSAya-agni ko zAnta karane ke lie ekatva bhAvanA meM lIna rhte| eka varSa kI avadhi ke bAda unhoMne varSIdAna Arambha kiyaa| ve pratidina eka karor3a ATha lAkha svarNamudrAeM dAna karate the| varSa bhara meM tIna araba aThAsI karor3a assI lAkha svarNa-mudrAe~ unhoMne dAna kii| abhiniSkramaNa tIsa varSa kI avasthA meM mahAvIra samApta-pratijJa hue| lokAntika deva apane jItAcAra ke anusAra mahAvIra ke pAsa Ae aura unhoMne kahA jaya-jaya khattiya vara vasabha ! bujjhahi bhayavaM / savva jagajjIva hiyaM arahaM titthaM pavvattehi // "he kSatriya vara vRSabha! ApakI jaya ho / aba Apa dIkSA grahaNa kareM aura samasta prANiyoM ke lie hitakara dharma-tIrtha kA pravartana kreN|" unhoMne mahAvIra ko vandana, namaskAra kiyA aura apane sthAna kI ora ge| mahAvIra ne apane agraja nandivardhana va cAcA supArzva Adi svajanoM ke samakSa dIkSAviSayaka apanA dRr3ha saMkalpa vyakta kiyaa| sabhI svajanoM ne unake saMkalpa kA anumodana kiyaa| nandivardhana ne abhiniSkramaNa mahotsava Arambha kiyaa| usane apane kauTumbika puruSoM ko Adeza diyA, ATha prakAra ke eka-eka hajAra ATha kalaza taiyAra kraao| Adeza zIghra hI kriyAnvita huaa| mahotsava manAne ke lie zakendra bhI apane pUre parivAra ke sAtha aayaa| nandivardhana, indra aura devoM ne mahAvIra ko pUrvAbhimukha svarNa-siMhAsana para baiThAkara ATha prakAra ke kalazoM meM svaccha pAnI bharAkara abhiSeka kiyaa| gaMdhakASAya vastra se zarIra poMchA gayA aura divya caMdana kA vilepana kiyA gayA / alpa bhAra vAle bahumUlya vastra va AbhUSaNa pahanAye ge| mahAvIra ina saba kAryoM se nivRtta hokara suvistRta va susajjita candraprabhA zivikA meM ArUr3ha hue / manuSyoM, indra aura devoM ne milakara usa zivikA ko utthaayaa| vizAla jana-samUha ke sAtha kSatriyakuNDa grAma ke madhya se hote hue jJAtR-khaNDa udyAna ke azoka vRkSa ke nIce phuNce| samasta alaMkAroM va vastroM ko apane hAtha se utArA / unhoMne paMca muSTi luMcana kiyaa| zakendra ne jAnupAda rahakara una kezoM ko eka vajraratnamaya thAla meM grahaNa kiyA tathA kSIra samudra meM unheM visarjita kara diyaa| mahAvIra ke zarIra para kevala eka devadUSya vastra rhaa| usa dina mahAvIra ke SaSTa bhakta (do dina kA) tapa thaa| vizuddha leSyA thI / hemanta Rtu thii| mArgazIrSa kRSNA dazamI tithi thii| subrata divasa thA, vijaya muhUrta, cauthA prahara tathA uttarAphAgulnI nakSatra thaa| manuSyoM aura devoM kI virATa pariSad meM siddhoM ko namaskAra karate hue--savvaM meM akaraNijja pAva kamma--Aja se saba pApa mere lie akRtya haiM, maiM Aja 1. kappa satta, kalpalatA vyAkhyA, pa0123-1 / 2. (1) svarNa, (2) rajata, (3) ratna, (4) svarNa-rajata, (5) svarNa-ratna, (6) ratna-rajata, (7) svarNa-rajata-ratna, (8) mRttikA / ____ 2010_05

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136 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 se koI pApa kArya nahIM karU~gA, yaha kahate hue unhoMne sAmayika cAritra grahaNa kiyaa| sArA kalarava zAnta thA aura sahastroM devoM va manuSyoM ke ninimeSa netra usa svarNima dRzya ko dekha rahe the / usI samaya mahAvIra ko manaHparyava jJAna prApta huaa| abhigraha dIkSita hote hI mahAvIra ne mitra, jJAti va sambandhI varga ko vijita kiyaa| eka utkaTa abhigraha dhAraNa kiyA---'"bAraha varSa taka vyutsRSkAya aura (yaktadeha (deha-zuzrUSA se uparata) hokara rhuuNgaa| isa avadhi meM deva, manuSya va pazu-pakSiyoM dvArA jo bhI upasarga upasthita hoMge, unheM samabhAva pUrvaka sahana kruuNgaa|" bAda meM jJAta-khaNDa udyAna se vihAra kiyaa| usI dina sAyaMkAla eka muhUrta dina zeSa rahane para ve kumAra grAma pahu~ce aura dhyAnastha ho gye| bhagavAna buddha bodhisattva jaba tuSit loka meM the, buddha kolAhala paidA huA / lokapAla devatAoM ne, sahastra varSa bItane para loka meM sarvajJa buddha utpanna hoMge, aisA jAna kara mitroM ko sambodhita kara sarvatra ghUmate hue ucca svara se ghoSaNA kI..."aba se sahasra varSa bItane para loka meM buddha utpanna hoNge|'' ghoSaNA se prerita ho samasta dasa sahasra cakravAloM ke devatA ekatrita hue| buddha kauna hogA, yaha jAnA aura usake pUrva lakSaNoM ko dekhakara usake pAsa gaye va yAcanA kii| jaba unake pUrva lakSaNa udita ho gaye to cakravAla ke sabhI devatA- caturmahArAjika, zakra, suyAma, saMtuSit, paranirmita-vazavartI-mahAbrahmAoM ke sAtha eka hI cakravAla meM ekatrita hue aura unhoMne paraspara maMtraNA kii| ve tuSit loka meM bodhisatva ke pAsa gaye aura unhoMne prArthanA kI-- "mitra ! tumane jo dasa pAramitAoM kI pUrti kI hai, vaha na to indrAsana pAne ke lie kI hai, na mAra, brahmA yA cakravartI kA pada pAne ke lie, apitu loka-nistAra va buddhatva kI icchA se hI unheM pUrNa kiyA hai| mitra ! aba yaha buddha hone kA samaya hai|" pA~ca mahAvilokana bodhisattva ne devatAoM ko vacana diye binA hI apane janma-sambandhI samaya, dvIpa, deza, kula-mAtA tathA usakA Ayu-parimANa, ina pAMca mahAvilokanoM para savistAra vicAra kiyaa| samaya ucita hai yA nahIM, sarvaprathama yaha cintana kiyaa| lAkha varSa se adhika kI Ayu kA samaya buddhoM ke janma ke lie upayukta nahIM hotA, kyoMki usa samaya prANiyoM ko janma, jarA va mRtyu kA bhAna nahIM hotA / buddhoM kA dharmopadeza anitya, duHkha tathA anAtmabhAva se rahita nahIM hotaa| usa samaya isa upadeza para loga dhyAna nahIM dete, usa para zraddhA nahIM karate va nAnA UhApoha karate haiM / unheM isalie dharma kA bodha nahIM ho sakatA aura aisA na hone para buddhadharma unake lie sahAyaka (naryANika) nahIM hotA; ataH vaha samaya anukUla nahIM hai| sau varSa se kama Ayu kA samaya bhI anukUla nahIM hotA, kyoMki svalpAyuSI prANiyoM meM rAga-dveSa kI bahulatA hotI hai; ataH unheM diyA gayA upadeza bhI prabhAvotpAdaka nahIM hotaa| pAnI meM lakar3I se khIMcI gaI rekhA kI taraha vaha zIghra hI naSTa ho jAtA hai, ataH yaha samaya bhI anukUla nahIM hai| lAkha varSa se kama aura sau varSa se adhika kA samaya anukUla hotA haiN| pravartamAna samaya aisA hI hai; ataH buddhoM ke janma ke lie upayukta hai| 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] janma aura pravrajyA dvIpa kA vicAra karate hue upadvIpoM sahita cAroM dvIpoM ko dekhaa| apara-goyAna, pUrva videha tathA uttara kuru'-ina tInoM dvIpoM meM buddha janma nahIM lete, kevala jambUdvIpa meM hI janma lete haiM; ataH isI dvIpa kA nizcaya kiyaa| jambUdvIpa to dasa hajAra yojana parimANa hai; ata: pradeza kA cintana karate hue unhoMne madhya pradeza ko dekhaa| isa pradeza ke pUrva meM kajaMgala kasbA hai| usake Age zAla ke bar3e vana haiN| madhya meM salalavatI nadI hai / dakSiNa meM setakaNika kasbA haiN| pazcima meM thUna nAmaka brAhmaNoM kA grAma hai| uttara meM uzIradhvaja parvata hai / vaha lambAI meM tIna sau yojana, caur3AI meM DhAI sau yojana aura paridhi meM nau sau yojana hai| isI pradeza meM buddha, pratyeka buddha, agra zrAvaka (pradhAnaziSya), mahAzrAvaka, assI mahAzrAvaka, cakravartI rAjA tathA mahA pratApI, aizvarya-sampanna, kSatriya, brAhmaNa va vaizya paidA hote haiM / kapilavastu nagara bhI isI pradeza meM hai; ata: isI nagara meM janma-grahaNa kA nizcaya kiyaa| kula ke bAre meM cintana karate hue unhoMne nizcaya kiyA-'buddha vaizya yA zUdra kula meM utpanna nahIM hote; lokamAnya kSatriya yA brAhmaNa-inhIM do kula meM janma lete haiN| Ajakala kSatriya kula hI lokamAnya hai; ataH isI kula meM janma luuNgaa| rAjA zuddhodana mere pitA hoNge|" __ mAtA ke svabhAva aura AcAra kA vizleSaNa karate hue unhoMne socA--buddhoM kI mAtA caMcalatA rahita va zarAba Adi vyasanoM se mukta hotI hai| lAkha kalpa se dAna Adi pAramitAeM pUrNa karane vAlI aura janma se hI akhaNDa paMcazIla kA pAlana karane vAlI hotI hai| devI mahAmAyA ina guNoM se yukta hai| yaha merI mAtA hogii|" kintu aba isakI Ayu kitanI avaziSTa hai, yaha vicAra karate hue unhoMne dasa mAsa sAta dina kA AyuSya zeSa paayaa| pAMca mahAvilokanoM ko dekhakara bodhisattva ne "mere buddha hone kA yaha samaya hai|' yaha kahate hue una devatAoM ko santuSTa kiyA aura unheM vidA kiyA / tuSit loka ke devatAoM ke sAtha usa loka ke nandana vana meM praveza kiyaa| sAthI devatA vahAM bodhisattva ko yahAM se cyuta hokara prApta hone vAlI sugati aura pUrvakRta puNya karmoM ke bala para milane vAle sthAnoM kA smaraNa dilAte hue ghUmate rhe| vahAM se cyuta hokara ve devI mahAmAyA kI kukSi meM aae| svapna-darzana kapilavastu meM usa samaya sabhI nAgarika ASADha-utsava manA rahe the| pUrNimA se sAta dina pUrva hI devI mahAmAyA, mAlA-gandha Adi se suzobhita ho, utsava manA rahI thii| vaha sAtaveM dina prAtaH hI utthii| sugandhita jala se snAna kiyA / cAra lAkha kA mahAdAna diyaa| saba prakAra ke alaMkAroM se vibhUSita ho susvAdu bhojana kiyaa| uposatha (vrata) ke niyama grahaNa kara su-alaMkRta zayanAgAra meM ramaNIya palyaMka para leTa gaI / nidrita avasthA meM usa samaya usane svapna dekhA ....."cAra mahArAja (dikapAla) zayyA sahita mujhe uThAkara himavanta pradeza meM le gaye / sATha yojana ke manazilA nAmaka zilA para sAta yojana chAyA vAle mahAn zAla vRkSa ke nIce mujhe rakhakara khar3e ho gye| una dikapAloM kI deviyAM taba mujhe anotapta daha para le giiN| manuSya-mala ko dUra karane ke lie snAna karAyA, divya vastra pahanAye, gandha-vilepana kiyA aura divya phUloM se sjaayaa| usake samIpa hI rajata parvata haiM / usameM svarga vimAna hai / vahAM pUrva kI ora sira kara divya bichaune para mujhe leTA diyaa| bodhisattva zveta sundara hAthI bana samIpavartI suvarNa parvata para vicare tathA vahAM se utara rajata parvata para car3he / uttara 1. jaina paramparA ke anusAra bhI pUrva videha, pazcimavideha uttarakuru, devakuru Adi kSetra jambUdvIpa ke aMga hai| ____ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa :1 dizA se hokara ukta sthAna para pahuMce / rUpahalI mAlA ke sadRza unakI sUDa meM zveta kamala thaa| madhura nAda karate hue svarNa vimAna meM praviSTa hue| zayyA ko tIna pradakSiNA dI aura dAhinI bagala cIrate hue kukSi meM praviSTa hue|" usa dina uttarASAr3hA nakSatra thaa| devI mahAmAyA ne dUsare dina svapna ke bAre meM rAjA zuddhodhana ko sUcita kiyaa| rAjA ne causaTha pradhAna brAhmaNoM ko bulAyA / unake sammAna meM bhUmi ko gobara se lipA gayA, dhAna kI khIloM se maMgalAcAra kiyA gayA aura bahumUlya Asana bichAye gye| brAhmaNa Ae aura una satkRta AsanoM para baitthe| unheM ghI, madhu, zakkara se bhAvita susvAdu khIra svarNa-rajata kI thAliyoM meM bhara kara aura vaisI hI thAliyoM meM DhaMkakara parosI gaI / naye vastroM va kapilA gau Adi se unheM santarpita kiyA gyaa| Agata brAhmaNoM kI samasta icchAeM pUrNa kara unakA dhyAna kendrita karate hae rAjA ne svapna-phala ke bAre meM jijJAsA kii| brAhmaNoM ne uttara diyA .."mahArAja ! cintA mukta hoN| mahArAnI ne jo garbha-dhAraNa kiyA hai, vaha bAlaka hai, kanyA nahIM hai| Apake putra hogA / yadi vaha gArhasthya meM rahA, to cakravartI hogA aura parivrAjaka banA to mahAjJAnI buddha hogaa|" bodhisattva ke garbha meM Ane ke samaya samasta dasa sahasra brahmANDa eka prakAra se kAMpa utthe| battIsa pUrva zakuna (lakSaNa) prakaTa hue| dasa sahasra cakravAloM meM ananta prakAza ho utthaa| prakAza kI usa krAnti ko dekhane ke lie hI mAno aMdhoM ko A~kheM mila gaIM, badhira sunane lage, mUka bolane lage, kubja sIdhe ho gaye, paMgu pA~voM se acchI taraha calane lge| ber3I-hathakar3I Adi bandhanoM meM jakar3e hue prANI mukta ho gye| sabhI narakoM kI Aga bujha gaI / pretoM kI kSudhApipAsA zAnta ho gaI / pazuoM kA bhaya jAtA rhaa| samasta prANiyoM ke roga zAnta ho gaye / sabhI prANI priya bhASI ho gaye / ghor3e madhura svara se hinahinAne lge| hAthI ciMghAr3ane lge| sAre vAdya svayaM bajane lge| manuSyoM ke hAthoM ke AbhUSaNa binA TakarAye hI zabda karane lge| saba dizAeM zAnta ho gaI / sukhada, mRdula va zItala havA calane lgii| asamaya hI varSA barasane lgii| pRthvI se bhI pAnI nikala kara bahane lgaa| pakSiyoM ne AkAza meM ur3anA chor3a diyaa| nadiyoM ne vahanA chor3a diyaa| mahAsamudra kA pAnI mIThA ho gyaa| sArA bhUmi-maNDala paMcaraMge kamaloM se r3haka gyaa| jala-thala meM utpanna hone vAle saba prakAra ke puSpa khila utthe| vRkSoM ke skandhoM meM skandha-kamala, zAkhAoM meM zAkhA-kamala, latAoM meM latA-kamala puSpita hue| sthala para zilA-taloM ko cIra kara sAta-sAta daNDa-kamala nikle| AkAza meM adhara-kamala utpanna hue| sarvatra puSpoM kI varSA huii| AkAza meM divya vAdya baje / cAroM ora sArI dasa-sahasrI loka-dhAtu (brahmANDa) mAlA guccha kI taraha, dabAkara baMdhe mAlA-samUha kI taraha, saje-sajAye mAlA-Asana kI taraha, mAlA paMkti kI taraha athavA puSpa-dhUpa-gaMdha se suvAsita khilI huI caMvara kI taraha parama zobhA ko prApta huii| bodhisatva ke garbha meM Ane ke samaya se hI unake aura unakI mAtA ke upadrava nivAraNArtha cAroM devaputra hAtha meM talavAra lie paharA dete the / bodhisattva kI mAtA ko isake anantara puruSa meM rAga-bhAva utpanna na huaa| vaha atizaya lAbha aura yaza ko prApta ho, sukhI va aklAnta zarIra banI rhii| vaha kukSistha bodhisattva ko sundara maNi ratna meM piroye hue pIle dhAge kI taraha dekha sakatI thii| bodhisattva jisa kukSi meM vAsa karate haiM, vaha caitya-garbha ke samAna dUsare prANI ke rahane yA upabhoga karane yogya nahIM rahatI; ataeva janma ke eka saptAha bAda hI mAtA kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai aura vaha tuSit loka meM janma grahaNa karatI hai| jisa prakAra anya striyA~ dasa mAsa se kama yA adhika baiThI yA leTI prasava karatI haiM, bodhisattva kI mAtA 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] janma aura pravrajyA 136 aisA nahIM karatI / vaha dasa mAsa kI pUrNa avadhi taka bodhisattva ko apane udara meM dhAraNa kara khar3I hI prasava karatI hai / yaha bodhisattva kI mAtA kI dharmatA hai / janma devI mahAmAyA ne garbha ke pUrNa hone para rAjA zuddhodana ke samakSa pIhara jAne kI icchA vyakta kI / rAjA ne kapilavastu se devadaha nagara taka kA mArga samatala karAyA aura kelA, pUrNa ghTa, dhvaja, patAkA Adi se acchI taraha sajAyA / rAnI ko svarNa-zivikA meM baiThAkara eka hajAra adhikAriyoM va bahuta sAre dAsa-dAsiyoM ke sAtha vidA kiyaa| donoM nagaroM ke bIca, donoM hI nagara vAsiyoM kA lumbinI nAmaka eka maMgala zAla vana thA / vaha vana usa samaya mUla se zikhara kI zAkhAoM taka pUrNataH phUlA huA thA / zAkhAoM aura puSpoM ke bIca bhara gaNa, nAnA pakSi-saMgha madhura kUjana kara rahe the / sArA hI lumbinI vana bahuta saJjita thA / mahAmAyA ne usa vana meM ghUmane kI icchA vyakta kii| adhikAriyoM ne use tatkAla kriyAnvita kiyA / sArA sArtha vana meM praviSTa huA / rAnI jaba eka sundara zAla ke nIce pahu~cI to usane usakI zAkhA ko par3akanA cAhA / zAla zAkhA tatkAla mur3akara devI ke hAthake samIpa A gii| usane pAtha phailAkara use pakar3a liyA / usI samaya use pravasa - vedanA Arambha huii| cAroM ora kanAta kA gherA DAla diyA gayA aura loga eka ora ho gaye / zAkhA hAtha meM lie khar3e hI garbha-utthAna ho gayA / usa samaya cAroM zuddha citta mahAbrahmA sone kA jAla hAtha meM lie vahA~ pahu~ce / bodhisattva ko usa jAla meM lekara mAtA ke sammukha rakhA aura bole-- "devI ! santuSTa hoo; tumane mahApratApI putra ko janma diyA hai / " bodhisattva anya prANiyoM kI taraha mAtA kI kukSi se gande va mala-vilipta nahIM nikalate / ve to dharmAsana se utarate dharma kathika va sopAna se utarate puruSa ke samAna, donoM hAtha aura donoM paira phailAye khar3e manuSya kI taraha, mala se sarvathA alipta, kAzI deza ke zuddha va nirmala vastra meM rakhe maNi-ratna ke samAna camakate hue mAtA ke udara se nikale / bodhisattva aura unakI mAtA ke satkArArtha AkAza se do jala-dhArAeM nikalIM aura unhoMne donoM ke zarIra ko zItala kiyA / brahmAoM ke hAtha se cAroM mahArAjAoM ne unheM mAMgalika samajhe jAne vAle komala mRgacarma meM grahaNa kiyaa| unake hAtha se manuSyoM ne dukUla kI taha meM grahaNa kiyA / taba ve manuSyoM ke hAtha se chUTa kara pRthvI para khar3e ho gaye / unhoMne pUrva dizA kI ora dekhA / aneka sahasra cakravAla eka AMgana se ho gye| vahAM devatA aura manuSya gaMdha-mAlA Adi se pUjA karate bole - "mahApuruSa ! yahAM Apa jaisA koI nahIM hai ; viziSTa to kahAM se hogA / " bodhisattva ne cAroM dizAoM va cAroM anudizAoM ko Upara-nIce dekhA / apane jaisA kisI ko na pAkara uttara dizA meM kramaza: sAta kadama gamana kiyA / mahAbrahmA ne usa samaya una para zveta chatra dhAraNa kiyA; suyAmoM ne tAla vyajana aura anya devatAoM ne rAjAoM ke anya kakudhabhANDa hAtha meM lie unakA anugamana kiyaa| sAtaveM kadama para Thahara kara " maiM saMsAra meM sarvazreSTha hU~" - puruSa - puMgavoM kI isa prathama nirbhIka vANI kA uccAraNa karate hue unhoMne siMhanAda kiyA / bodhisattva ne mAtA kI kokha se nikalate hI jisa prakAra isa janma meM vANI kA uccAraNa kiyA, usI prakAra mahauSadha janma va vessantara janma meM bhI kiyA thA / garbha dhAraNa ke 1. khaDga, chatra, mukuTa, pAdukA aura vyajana / 2. mahausadha janma meM bodhisattva ke kokha se nikalate hI devendra zakra AyA aura candana 2010_05

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140 Agama aura tripiTaka eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 samaya kI bhA~ti janma ke samaya bhI battIsa zakuna prakaTa hue| lumbinI vana meM jisa samaya bodhisattva uttpanna hue, usI samaya rAhula-mAtA devI, amAtya channa (chandaka ), amAtya kAla udAI hastirAja AjAtIya, azvarAja kanthaka, mahAbodhivRkSa aura nidhi-saMbhRta cAra kalaza utpanna hue / ve kalaza kramazaH gavyUti, AdhA yojana tIna gavyUti eka yojana kI dUrI para the / ye sAta eka hI samaya paidA hue| donoM nagaroM ke nivAsI bodhisattva ko lekara kapilavastu nagara lauTa Aye / kAladevala tApasa ATha samAdhi se sampanna kAla devala tapasvI rAjA zuddhodhana ke kula-mAnya the| eka dina bhojana se nivRtta ho manovinoda ke lie trayastriza devaloka meM gaye / vahA~ vizrAma ke lie baiThe hue devatAoM se unhoMne pUchA - " isa prakAra santuSTa citta hokara Apa krIr3A kaise kara rahe haiM? mujhe bhI isakA rahasya batAo / " devoM ne uttara diyA- " mitra ! rAjA zuddhodana ke putra utpanna huA hai / vaha bodhi vRkSa ke nIce baiTha, buddha ho, dharmacakra pravartita karegA / hameM usakI ananta buddha-lIlA dekhane va usake dharma sunane kA avasara milegA / hamArI prasannatA kA yahI mukhya kAraNa hai / " tapasvI zIghra hI devaloka se utare aura rAjamahaloM meM pahu~ce / biche hue Asana para baiThakara rAjA se kahA- "mahArAja ! Apako putra huA hai / maiM use dekhanA cAhatA hU~ / " rAjA ne use su-alaMkRta kumAra ko apane pAsa maMgAyA aura tApasa kI vandanA ke lie kadama Age bar3hAye / bodhisatva ke caraNa uThakara tApasa kI jaTA meM jA lage 1 bodhisattva ke janma meM unake lie dUsarA vandanIya nahIM hotaa| yadi anajAna meM hI bodhisattva kA sira tApasa ke caraNa para rakhA jAtA to tApasa ke sira ke sAta Tukar3e ho jaate| mujhe apanA vinAza karanA yogya nahIM hai, yaha soca tApasa Asana se uThe aura unhoMne karabaddha hokara praNAma kiyaa| rAjA ne isa Azcarya ko dekhA aura apane putra kI vandanA kI / tapasvI ko cAlIsa atIta ke aura cAlIsa hI bhaviSya ke assI kalpoM kI smRti ho sakatI thI / yaha buddha hogA yA nahIM, isa abhiprAya se tasvI ne unake zArIrika lakSaNoM ko acchI taraha se dekhA aura yaha jAnAH avazya hI yaha buddha hogA | yaha adbhuta puruSa hai / ve mana-hI-mana muskarAye / phira socane lage, buddha hone para maiM ise dekha sakUMgA yA nahIM ? kucha cintana ke bAda jJAta huA, maiM ise nahIM dekha pAU~gA / isake buddha hone ke pUrva hI maiM mRtyu pAkara arUpa- loka meM utpanna hoU~gA, jahAM sau athavA sahasra buddhoM ke avatarita hone para bhI jJAna prApti nahIM ho sakatI / ve apane durbhAgya para ro par3e / tatrastha logoM ne sAzcarya isakA kAraNa puuchaa| unakA prazna thA "abhI kucha kSaNa pUrva Apa ha~se aura phira rone kyoM lage ? kyA hamAre Arya-putra ko koI saMkaTa hogA ?" sAra hAtha meM rakhakara calA gayA / bodhisattva use hAtha meM lie hI bAhara Ae / mAtA ne usa samaya unase pUchA - "putra ! kyA lekara AyA hai?" unhoMne uttara diyA - "amma ! auSadha / " isI hetu se unakA nAma auSadha dAraka hI rakhA gayA / usa auSadha ko baratana meM rakha diyA gayA / vaha auSadha andhatva, badhiratva Adi sabhI prakAra ke rogoM ke upazamana meM prayukta huI / auSadha rAma-bAga thI; ataH mahauSadha nAma se vizruta ho gaI / bodhisattva kA nAmakaraNa isIlie mahauSadha ho gayA / --- jAtaka, saM0 546 ke AdhAra para / vessantara janma meM "mA~ ! ghara meM kucha hai ? dAna dUMgA / " yaha kahate hue hI bodhisattva mAtA kI kokha se nikale / mAtA ne "putra ! tU dhanavAna kula meM paidA huA hai" yaha kahate hue 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] janma aura pravrajyA 141 tapasvI ne gambhIratA aura dRr3hatA ke sAtha uttara diyA---"inako saMkaTa nahIM hogaa| ye to niHsandeha buddha hoNge|" agalA prazna huA--"to phira Apa kisa lie ro rahe haiM ?" tapasvI ke zabdoM meM adhIratA thii| unhoMne kahA- "isa prakAra ke puruSa ko buddha hue maiM nahIM dekha skuuNgaa|" mere pArivArikoM meM se koI bhI inheM buddha huA dekhegA yA nahIM, jaba tapasvI ne yaha cintana kiyA to unheM jJAta huA ki unakA bhAnajA nAlaka isake yogya hai / ve tatkAla apanI bahina ke ghara Aye aura usase pUchA-nAlaka kahAM hai ?" bahina ne uttara diyA--"Arya / ghara para hI hai|" tapasvI ne kahA --"use bulaa|" nAlaka ke pAsa Ane para tapasvI bole-'beTA ! rAjA zuddhodana ke ghara putra utpanna huA hai / vaha buddha-aMkura hai / paiMtIsa varSa bAda vaha buddha hogA aura tU use dekha pAyegA / tU Aja hI pravajita ho jaa|" "maiM sattAsI karor3a dhana vAle kula meM utpanna huA hU~, to bhI mAmA mujhe anartha meM saMlagna nahIM rahe haiM", yaha socate hue usane usI samaya bAjAra se kASAya vastra aura miTTI kA pAtra mNgaayaa| sira dAr3hI ko mur3AyA aura kASAya vastra pahane / "loka meM jo uttama puruSa hai, usI ke nAma para merI yaha prabrajyA hai"--yaha kahate hue usane bodhisattva kI ora aMjalibaddha ho pA~coM aMgoM se vaMdanA kii| pAtra ko jholI meM rakhA, use kaMdhe para laTakAyA aura himAlaya meM praveza kara zramaNa-dharma kA pAlana karane lgaa| nAlaka kI agalI kathA hai ki tathAgata ke buddha ho jAne para vaha unake pAsa aayaa| unase jJAna sunA aura phira himAlaya meM calA gyaa| vahA~ arhat-pada ko prApta kara utkRSTa pratipadA (sarva zreSTha mArga) para ArUr3ha huaa| sAta mAsa taka hI jIvita rahA / suvarNa parvata ke pAsa nivAsa karatA huA vaha khar3A-khar3A upAdhirahita-nirvANa ko prApta ho gyaa| bhaviSya-prazna pA~caveM dina bodhisattva ko sira se nahalAyA gyaa| nAmakaraNa saMskAra kiyA gyaa| rAja-bhavana ko cAra prakAra ke gaMdhoM se lipavAyA gyaa| khIloM sahita cAra prakAra ke puSpa bikhere gye| nirjala khIra pakAI gaI / rAjA ne tInoM vedoM ke pAraMgata eka sau ATha brAhmaNoM ko nimaMtrita kiyaa| unameM rAma, dhvaja, lakSmaNa, maMtrI, kauNDinya, bhoja, suyAma aura sudatta, ye ATha SaDa-aMga jAnane vAle devajJa brAhmaNa the| inhoMne hI maMtroM kI vyAkhyA kii| garbhasamaya kA svapna-vicAra bhI inhIM brAhmaNoM ne kiyA thA / unheM rAja-bhavana meM baiThAyA gayA, subhojana karAyA gayA aura satkAra pUrvaka bodhisattva ke lakSaNoM ke bAre meM pachA gayA"bhaviSya kyA hai?'--'ATha brAhmaNoM meM se sAta ne do aMguliyAM uThA kara do prakAra kA bhaviSya unakI hathelI ko apanI hathelI para rakhA aura hajAra kI thailI rkhvaaii| --jAtaka, saM0547 ke AdhAra para / buddha ke mahauSadha nAmakaraNa kI jaisI anuzruti hai, kucha vaisI hI jaina paramparA meM tArthaGkara RSabha ke sambandha se IkSvAka vaMza ke nAma- nirdhAraNa kI carcA hai| jaba RSabha eka varSa ke the, tabhI unhoMne IkSu lene ke lie sammukhIna indra kI ora hAtha bddh'aayaa| indra ne vaha IkSa unake hAtha meM diyaa| RSabha ke usa IkSu-bhakSaNa se (Aku-bhakSaNArthe) vaMza kA nAma IkSvAku pdd'aa| --AcArya zrI tulasI, bharata-mukti; muni mahendra kumAra 'prathama' bharata-mukti : eka AtmArAma eNDa sansa, 1664, pR0 13 / ____ 2010_05

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142 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 kahA - " aise lakSaNoM vAlA yadi gRhastha rahatA hai to cakravartI rAjA hotA hai aura yadi pravrajita hotA hai to buddha / " aura phira unhoMne cakravartI kI zrI sampatti kA bhI varNana kiyA / unameM sabase kama avasthA vAle kauNDinya gotrIya taruNa brAhmaNa ne bodhisattva ke viziSTa lakSaNoM ko dekha eka hI aMgulI uThAI aura dRr3hatApUrvaka eka hI prakAra kA bhaviSya kahA -" isa ke gRhastha meM rahane kI koI sambhAvanA nahIM hai / yaha mahAjJAnI buddha hogA / yaha adhikArI, antima janma-dhArI, prajJA meM anya janoM se bar3hA-car3hA hai; ataH aise puruSa ke gArhasthya meM rahane kI koI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai / nizcita hI yaha buddha hogA / " rAjA ne prazna kiyA - "merA putra kyA dekhakara pravrajita hogA ?" uttara milA - "cAra pUrva lakSaNa ?" rAjA ne punaH pUchA - "kauna-kauna se cAra lakSaNa ?" brAhmaNa ne kahA- "vRddha, rogI, mRta aura pravrajita / " 1 rAjA ne tatkAla kaThora Adeza diyA- "cAroM hI prakAra ke lakSaNa mere putra ke pAsa na Ane pAyeM ; aisA prabandha honA caahie| mujhe isake buddha banane se koI prayojana nahIM hai / maiM to ise do sahasra dvIpoM se ghire cAroM mahAdvIpoM kA Adhipatya karate hue tathA chattIsa yojana paridhi vAlI pariSad ke bIca va mukta AkAza meM vicarate dekhanA cAhatA hU~ / " rAjA ne cAroM dizAoM meM tIna-tIna koza kI dUrI para kar3A paharA biThA diyA aura unheM nirdeza kara diyA, cAroM hI prakAra ke vyakti isa sImA meM praveza na kareM / usa dina usa mAMgalika sthAna para assI hajAra jJAti-sambandhiyoM ne pratijJA kI -- "kumAra cAhe buddha ho yA rAjA, hama ise apanA eka-eka putra deMge / yadi vaha buddha hogA, to kSatriya sAdhuoM se va rAjA hogA, to kSatriya kumAroM se puraskRta tathA parivArita hokara vicaregA / " eka camatkAra zuddhodana ne bodhisattva kI paricaryArtha uttama rUpa sampanna va nirdoSa dhAiyAM niyukta kIM / bodhisattva ananta parivAra tathA zobhA va zrI ke sAtha bar3hane lage / eka dina kSetramahotsava thA / sabhI logoM ne nagara ko deva - vimAna kI taraha alaMkRta kiyaa| sabhI dAsa, preSya Adinaye vastra pahina va gaMdha-mAlA Adi se vibhUSita ho rAjamahala meM ekatra hue| rAjA ke eka hajAra haloM kI khetI thI / eka kama ATha sau rupahale hala the / rAjA kA hala ratna- suvarNa jaTita thaa| bailoM ke sIMga aura rassI kor3e bhI suvarNa - khacita hI the / rAjA putra va pUre dala-bala ke sAtha vahA~ phuNcaa| vahIM vizAla va saghana chAyA vAlA eka jAmuna kA vRkSa thaa| usake nIce kumAra kI zayyA bichAI gaI / Upara svarNa- tAra- khacita caMdavA tanavAyA gyaa| kanAta se ghera kara paharA lagA diyA gayA / saba taraha se alaMkRta hokara amAtyagaNa sahita rAjA hala jotane ke sthAna para gayA / usane sunahale hala ko pakar3A, amAtyoM ne eka kama ATha sau rupahale haloM ko aura kRSakoM ne dUsaroM haloM ko / sabhI vyakti haloM ko jotane lage / rAjA bhI una saba ke sAtha isa pAra se usa pAra va usa pAra se isa pAra A-jA rahA thA / samAroha ko dekhane ke lie bar3I bhIr3a jamA ho gaI thI / bodhisattva kI paricaryA meM baiThI sabhI dhAiyAM bhI samAroha dekhane ke lie kanAta se bAhara calI aaiiN| bodhisattva apane pAsa kisI ko baiThe na dekha, zIghratA se uThe / zvAsa-prazvAsa kA dhyAna diyA aura prathama dhyAna meM lIna ho gaye / usa samaya sabhI vRkSoM kI chAyA ghUma gaI thI, kintu, bodhisattva jisa vRkSa ke nIce baiThe the, usakI chAyA golAkara hI rhii| acAnaka dhAiyoM ko unakA dhyAna AyA / ve 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA janma aura pravrajyA 143 zIghra hI kanAta meM daur3a AI aura bodhisattva ko bichaune para Asana sAdhe baiThe dekhA / ve bahuta camatkRta huii| daur3a kara rAjA ke pAsa gaIM aura rAjA ko sArA vRtta sunaayaa| rAjA bhI zIghra hI vahA~ AyA aura usa camatkAra ko dekhakara vismita huaa| tatkAla vandanA karate hue bolA-"putra ! tujhe yaha merI dUsarI vandanA hai|" bodhisattva kramazaH solaha varSa ke hue| rAjA ne unake lie tInoM hI RtuoM ke upayukta tIna mahala banavAye / eka nau maMjila kA thA, eka sAta maMjila kA aura eka pA~ca maMjila kaa| unake manoraMjana ke lie cAlIsa hajAra nartikAoM kI vyavasthA kI gii| ve devatAoM kI bhA~ti apsarAoM se ghire, alaMkRta nartakiyoM se parivRta aura prazikSita mahilAoM dvArA vAdita vAdyoM se sevita mahAsampatti kA upabhoga karate hue RtuoM ke krama se prAsAdoM meM raha rahe the / rAhula mAtA devI unakI agra-mahiSI thii| zilpa-pradarzana eka dina jJAti-janoM meM carcA calI- "siddhArtha krIr3A meM hI rata rahatA hai| kisI kalA ke adhyayana meM ruci nahIM rkhtaa| kabhI yuddha-prasaMga chir3ane para vaha kyA karegA?' yaha carcA rAjA taka phuNcii| usane bodhisattva ko apane pAsa bulAyA aura kahA-."tAta ! kisI bhI kalA ko na sIkha kara tU krIr3A meM hI lIna rahatA hai / kyA ise hI ucita samajhatA hai ?'' bodhisattva ne sagarva uttara diyA-"mere lie koI zilpa-zikSaNa avaziSTa nahIM hai| Apa nagara meM udghoSaNA karavA deM ki Aja se sAta dina maiM zilpa-pradarzana kruuNgaa|" rAjA ne vaisA hI kiyaa| niyata samaya va niyata sthAna para sahasroM kI pariSad ekatrita ho gaI / sATha hajAra kSaNa vedha, bAla vedha Adi ke jJAtA dhanurdhArI bhI vizeSa nimaMtraNa para vahA~ Aye / bodhisatva ne kavaca dhAraNa kara kaMcuka meM praveza kiyaa| sira para uSNISa pahanA / meMr3he ke sIMga vAle dhanuSa meM mUMge ke raMga kI DorI bAMdhI / pITha para tUNIra ksaa| bA~ye kaMdhe para talavAra laTakAI aura vajra kI noMka vAle tIra ko nAkhUna para ghUmAte hue ve usa pariSada ke bIca upasthita hae / janatA ne apAra harSa-dhvani se unakA svAgata kiyaa| bodhisattva ne rAjA se kahA ---"upasthita dhanurdhAriyoM meM se cAra siddhahasta kSaNa-vedhI, bAla-vedhI. zabda-vedhI va zara-vedhI dhanurdhAriyoM ko mere samakSa upasthita kreN|" rAjA ne vaisA hI kiyaa| bodhisatva ne samacaturasra eka maNDapa banA kara usake cAroM konoM para una cAroM dhanurdhAriyoM ko khar3A kiyaa| eka-eka dhanurdhArI ko tIsa-tIsa hajAra tIra diye gae aura pratyeka ko ekaeka kuzala sahayogI bhI diyA gayA / bodhisattva maNDapa ke bIca khar3e hue| ve vajramukha noka vAlA tIra apane nAkhUna para ghUmA rahe the| unhoMne kahA-~-"mahArAja ! ye cAroM dhanurdhArI eka sAthai tIra calA kara mujhe bIMdhe / mere para inake tIroM kA koI asara nahIM hogaa|" cAroM hI dhanurdhAriyoM ne sagarva rAjA se kahA--"mahArAja ! hama loga kSaNa-vedhI, bAla-vedhI, zabda-vedhI aura zara-vedhI haiM ; ataH Apa kumAra ko isa kArya se uparata kreN| kumAra taruNa haiM / hama inheM nahIM biiNdhege|" bodhisattva ne usakA prativAda karate hue dRr3hatA se kahA - "yadi tumhAre meM sAmarthya hai to mujhe bIMdha ddaalo| maiM tumheM cunautI detA huuN|" dhanurdhAriyoM kA svAbhimAna phar3aka utthaa| unhoMne eka sAtha tIra chodd'e| bodhisattva ne una cAroM ke bANa bIca hI meM kATa ddaale| unhoMne apane cAroM ora ke bANoM sA banA ddaalaa| usase cAroM ke bANoM kA asara una para nahIM hotA thA, apitu bodhisattva ke bANoM se ve cAroM trasita ho rahe the| cAroM ke sAre tIra samApta ho gaye / bodhisattva tIroM ____ 2010_05

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144 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa :1 ke ghara ko binA hAni pahu~cAye chalAMga bhara kara rAjA ke pAsa A khar3e hue / janatA ne vipula harSa-dhvani se unakA svAgata kiyA tathA upahAra meM bahumUlya vastra va AbhUSaNoM kA Dhera lagA diyaa| vaha dhana aThAraha karor3a thaa| rAjA isa pradarzana se phUlA nahIM samAyA / usane bodhisattva kA vardhApana kiyA aura usa vidyA kA nAma tathA usake jJAtA ke bAre meM puuchaa| bodhisattva ne uttara diyA- "isa vidyA kA nAma vANAvarodhinI hai aura isakA jJAtA jambUdvIpa me mere atirikta dUsarA nahIM hai / " rAjA ne nirdeza kiyA-"putra ! dUsarA pradarzana bhI kro|" bodhisattva ne kahA-'deva ! ye cAroM dhanurdhArI cAroM konoM para khar3e rahakara mujhe nahIM bIMdha sake, kintu, maiM ina cAroM ko cAroM konoM meM khar3e rahane para bhI eka hI bANa se bIMdha duuNgaa|" - dhanurdhAriyoM ne khar3e hone kA sAhasa nahIM kiyA ; ataH cAroM konoM meM kele ke cAra stambha khar3e kiye gae / bANa ke puMkha meM lAla raMga kA dhAgA piroyA aura eka khambhe kI ora use chodd'aa| tIra ne usa stambha ko bIMdha ddaalaa| vaha vahAM se svataH dUsare tIsare, aura kramazaH cauthe stambha ko bIMdhatA huA pahale stambha meM se nikala kara bodhisattva ke hAtha meM A gyaa| kele ke stambhoM meM dhAgA piroyA gyaa| cakra bIMdhane kI isa vidyA ke saphala prayoga para janatA ne sahasra ghoSoM ke sAtha bodhisattva kA vardhApana kiyaa| bodhisattva ne isa prakAra zara-yaSTi, zara-rajju tathA zara-veNI kA pradarzana kiyaa| zaraprAsAda, zara-ma.Dapa, zara-sopAna va zara-puSkariNI kI racanA kii| zara-padma khilaayaa| zaravarSA barasAI / bAraha prakAra kI asAdhAraNa vidyAoM kA pradarzana karane ke anantara unhoMne sAta moTI-moTI vastuoM ko cIra ddaalaa| unameM ATha aMgula moTA aMjIra kA phalaka, cAra aMgula moTI caTTAna, do aMgula moTA tAmbe kA pattA, eka aMgula moTA lohe kA pattA cIra ddaalaa| eka sAtha baMdhe hue sau phalakoM ko bhI cIra DAlA / bodhisattva ke isa zilpa-pradarzana para sabhI sambandhiyoM kI AzaMkAeM dUra ho gii| cAra pUrva lakSaNa bodhisattva ke mana meM eka dina udyAna-vihAra kI icchA jAgRta huii| unhoMne sArathI se ratha jotane ke lie khaa| sArathI bahuta dakSa thaa| usane tatkAla uttama ratha ko alaMkRta kiyA, kamala-patra sadRza dezIya cAra mAMgalika azvoM ko umameM jotA aura bodhisattva ko sUcanA dii| bodhisattva deva-vimAna sadaza usa ratha para ArUr3ha ho kara udyAna kI ora cle| devatAoM ne socA, siddhArtha-kumAra ke buddhattva prApta karane kA samaya samIpa hai; ataH hama inake samakSa pUrva lakSaNa prastuta kreN| unhoMne jarA se jarjarita, vidIrNa-danta, pakva-keza, jhukA huA zarIra, hAtha meM yaSTi va kampita-vapU eka deva-patra ko bodhisattva va sArathI ke samakSa prastuta kiyaa| use ve do hI vyakti dekha sakate the| bodhisattva ne sArathI se tatkAla pUchA - "saumya! yaha puruSa kauna hai ? isakA zarIra aura keza dUsaroM se bhinna hai|" sArathI ne uttara diyA- "deva ! yaha bUr3hA ho cukA hai|" bodhisattva ne sahaja gaMbhIratA se pUchA-"bUr3hA kyA hotA hai ?" sArathI ne punaH uttara diyA--"deva ! yaha jarjara-kAya ho cukA hai ; ataH bUr3hA kahA jAtA hai| ise aba bahuta dina nahIM jInA hai|" __ bodhisattva kA mAnasa UhApoha se bhara aayaa| unhoMne pUchA --"to kyA maiM bhI bUr3hA hoU~gA? kyA yaha anivArya dharma hai ?" ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] janma aura pravrajyA 145 sArathI ne vinamratA se uttara diyA "deva ! Apa, hama aura sabhI logoM ke lie bur3hApA anivArya hai / " bodhisattva bole -" to bhadra ! udyAna - bhUmi meM jAnA sthagita karo / yahIM se ratha ko mor3o aura antaHpura kI ora lauTa clo|" sArathI ne tatkAla ratha mor3A aura antaHpura pahu~ca gaye / bodhisatva udAsIna hokara punaH punaH sArathI ke uttara para cintana karane lage / zIghra hI mahaloM meM lauTa Ane se rAjA ko isa bAre meM jijJAsA huI / tatkAla uttara milA - "mArga meM kumAra ne eka vRddha ko dekhA thA / rAjA ke mu~ha se Aha nikalI - " bhaviSya vaktAoM ne vRddha dekhakara hI pravrajita honA batAyA thA; ataH putra ke lie zIghra hI nRtya Adi kI vyavasthA karo / bhoga-lipta rahane se pravrajyA kA vicAra haTa jAyegA / cAroM dizAoM meM Adhe yojana taka paharA aura bar3hA do tathA satakatA ke lie sabhI pratihAroM ko vizeSa sUcita kro| " bodhisattva eka dina phira udyAna jA rahe the| unhoMne mArga meM devatAoM dvArA nirmita thA va dUsaroM ke dvArA uThAyA, dekhA aura sArathI se khaa| svara bhI dUsaroM se mela nahIM eka rogI ko dekhaa| vaha apane hI mala-mUtra se sanA huA baiThAyA tathA leTAyA jA rahA thA / bodhisattva ne dUra se use "yaha puruSa kauna hai ? isakI AMkheM bhI dUsaroM kI taraha nahIM hai khAtA hai / " sArathI ne kahA - "deva ! yaha rogI hai; ataH isakA zarIra zithila ho cukA hai / aba vaha sambhavaMtaH uTha na sake / " bodhisattva ne kahA--"to kyA maiM bhI vyAdhidharmA hU~ ? vyAdhi sabhI ke lie anivArya hai ?" sArathI ne kahA--"deva ! isakA koI apavAda nahIM ho sakatA / " bodhisattva kA mana virAga se bhara gayA / unhoMne ratha ko vApisa mor3A aura binA ghUme hI ve mahaloM meM lauTa aae| rAjA ne unakI udAsInatA kA patA lagAyA aura pahare ko cAroM ora pauna yojana taka vizeSa rUpa se bar3hA diyA / f kisI eka vizeSa dina bodhisattva phira ghUmane ke lie cale / mArga meM unhoMne devanirmita eka dRzya dekhaa| vahAM bahuta sAre vyakti ekatrita hokara eka zivikA (arthI) banA rahe the / bodhisattva ne usake bAre meM jijJAsA kI / sArathI ne batAyA - "koI manuSya mara gayA hai / usakI antyeSTi ke lie usake pArivArikoM, mitroM va anya vyaktioM dvArA taiyA riyA kI jA rahI haiM / " bodhisattva ne vahAM calane kA saMketa kiyA / sArathI unheM vahAM le AyA / unhoMne mRtaka ko dekhA aura pUchA - "mRtyu kyA cIja hai ?" sArathI ne uttara diyA- "deva ! aba isakA mAtA-pitA, jJAti svajana, mitra Adi se koI samparka nahIM rahA / na yaha unheM dekha sakegA aura na ise ve dekha sakeMge / isakA sabase sambandha TUTa gayA hai / " bodhisattva ne pUchA - "kyA maiM bhI maraNadharmA hU~ ? merI bhI mRtyu anivArya hai ?" sArathI ne kahA- -" isakA koI bhI apavAda nahIM ho sakatA / " bodhisattva ne udAsInatA ke sAtha kahA - " aba mujheM ghUmane nahIM jAnA hai / vApisa mahaloM kI ora clo|" 2010_05

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146 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 rAjA ko sArI sthiti kA patA claa| use cintA huii| bodhisattva kI virAga se rakSA ke nimitta paharA eka yojana taka bar3hA diyA gayA aura kaThora kara diyA gyaa| bhogasAmagrI vizeSa rUpa se bar3hA dI gii| bodhisattva phira eka dina udyAna jA rahe the| devatAoM dvArA nirmita saMnyAsI ko unhoMne dekhaa| vaha muNDita-sira va kASAya vastra pahane huA thA / bodhisattva ne use dekha kara sArathI se pUchA- "saumya ! yaha puruSa kauna hai ? isakA sira muNDita hai tathA vastra bhI dUsaroM se bhinna hai|" sArathI ne kahA-"deva ! yaha pravRjita hai|" bodhisattva ne pUchA- saumya ! manuSya pravajita kyoM hotA hai ?" sArathI ne savistAra uttara diyA-"deva ! yaha dharmAcaraNa ke lie, zAnti pAne ke lie, acche karma karane ke lie, puNya-saMcaya ke lie, ahiMsA-pAlana ke lie va bhUtoM para anukampA karane ke lie pravajita huA hai|" bodhisattva sArathI ke sAtha tatkAla vahA~ Aye / usa pravajita ko gaura se dekhaa| usa se nAnA prazna puuche| pravrajyA ke guNoM ke bAre meM chAna-bIna kii| bodhisattva ko pravrajyA meM ruci utpanna huii| ve isa bAra tatkAla antaHpura nahIM lauTe, apitu udyAna gaye / dIgha bhANakoM' kA mata hai ki bodhisattva ne cAroM pUrva lakSaNoM ko eka hI dina dekhaa| putra-janma bodhisattva dina bhara udyAna meM Amoda-pramodakarate rahe / sundara puSkariNI meM snAna kiyaa| saMdhyA ke samaya apane ko AbhUSita karAne ke uddezya se sundara zilA-paTa para baitthe| unake paricAraka nAnA raMga ke duzAle, nAnA AbhUSaNa, mAlA, sugandhita Adi lekara cAroM ora se unheM ghera kara khar3e ho gaye / indra kA siMhAsana usa samaya tapta huaa| "mujhe isa siMhAsana se kauna utAranA cAhatA hai"-isa taraha usane Akroza pUrvaka socaa| usane tatkAla bodhisattva ke alaMkRta hone kA samaya jAnA / vaha zAnta ho gayA aura usane vizvakarmA ko bulAkara kahA"saumya ! Aja AdhI rAta ke samaya siddhArtha kumAra mahAbhiniSkramaNa kreNge| Aja kA unakA yaha antima zRMgAra hai / udyAna meM jAkara unheM divya alaMkAroM se alaMkRta kro|" vizvakarmA deva-bala se tatkAla vahAM phuNcaa| apanA veSa badalA aura sAja-sajjA karAne vAle paricAraka kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyaa| paricArika ke hAtha se duzAlA le, bodhisattva ke sira para bAMdhane lgaa| hAtha ke sparza se hI ve jAna gaye, yaha manuSya nahIM haiM, koI deva-putra hai / pagar3I se mastaka ko veSTita karate hI mastaka para mukuTa ke ratnoM kI bhAMti eka sahasra duzAle utpanna ho gaye / isI taraha dasa bAra bA~dhane para dasa sahasra duzAle utpanna ho gye| sabase bar3e duzAle kA bhAra zyAmA-latA ke puSpa ke tulya va dUsaroM kA bhAra to kutumbaka puSpa ke tulya thaa| bodhisattva kA mastaka kiMjalka-yukta kuyyaka phUla ke samAna thA / saba taraha se AbhUSita ho jAne para tAlajJa brAhmaNoM ne apanI-apanI pratibhA kA pradarzana kiyaa| sUtamAgadhoM ke nAnA mAMgalika vacanoM va stuti-ghoSoM se satkRta hote hue ve sarvAlaMkAra vibhUSita uttama ratha para ArUr3ha hue| rAhulamAtA ne usI samaya putra-prasava kiyaa| rAjA zuddhodana ko jaba yaha saMvAda jJAta huA to usane apane anucaroM ko nirdeza diyA -"udyAna meM saira kara rahe mere putra ko yaha sukhada saMvAda sunaao|' anucara daur3e-daur3e vahA~ Aye aura bodhisattva ko vaha zubha saMvAda 1. dIgha nikAya kanThastha karane vAle purAne AcAryoM ko dIrgha bhANaka, kahA jAtA hai| ___ 2010_05

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147 itihAsa aura paramparA janma aura pravrajyA sunaayaa| bodhisattva ke udgAra nikale-"rAhu-bandhana paidA huA hai|" anucara punaH rAjA ke pAsa pahu~ce / rAjA ne bodhisattva kI pratikriyA ko jAnanA caahaa| anucaroM ne sArA vRtta sunaayaa| rAhu zabda ke AdhAra para pautra kA rAhala kumAra nAmakaraNa kiyA gyaa| bodhisattva nagara meM praviSTa hue| kSatriya-kanyA kRzA gautamI usa samaya prAsAda para baiThI nagarAvalokana kara rahI thii| nagara-parikramA karate hae bodhisatva kI rUpa-zobhA ko dekhakara bahata hI prasannatA vyakta kI tathA harSa se usane udAna' kahA- ve mAtA-pitA parama zAnta haiM, jinake isa prakAra kA putra hai| vaha nArI parama zAnta hai, jisake isa prakAra kA pati hai|"vh udAna bodhisattva ke kAnoM meM pddaa| unakA cintana usa para kendrita ho gyaa| ve mocane lage-kisake zAnta hone para hadaya parama zAnta hotA hai ? rAgAdi klezoM se virakta hote hu hue unhoMne gaharA cintana kiyA-"rAga, dveSa aura moha kI agni ke zAnta hone para parama zAnti hotI haiM / abhimAna, mithyA vicAra (dRSTi) Adi sabhI maloM ke upazamana hone para parama zAnti hotI haiM / yaha mujhe priya vacana sunA rahI hai / maiM nirvANa ko DhUMr3ha rahA huuN| Aja hI mujhe gRha-vAsa chor3a pravajita ho, nirvANa kI khoja meM laganA cAhie / unhoMne apane gale se eka lAkha mUlya kA motI kA hAra utArA aura guru-dakSiNA ke rUpa meM kRzA gautamI ke pAsa bheja diyaa| hAra ko pAkara vaha bahuta prasanna huii| usane socA - siddhArtha kumAra ne mere prema meM AkarSita hokara yaha upahAra bhejA hai| gRha-tyAga ___ bodhisattva mahaloM meM lauTa Ae / sukomala zayyA para leTa gye| usI samaya saba taraha se alaMkRta, nRtya-gIta Adi meM dakSa apsarA-tulya parama sundarI striyoM ne vividha vAdyoM ke sAtha kumAra ko ghera liyaa| unheM parama prasanna karane ke lie nRtya, gIta va vAdya Arambha kiye| bodhisattva rAgAdi maloM se virakta citta the; ataH nRtya Adi meM unakI koI ruci nahIM huii| ve zIghra hI so gaye / nartikAoM ne socA-aba hama kaSTa kyoM uThAyeM; jabaki jinake lie hama kara rahI haiM, ve svayaM le gae haiN| ve sabhI sAja-samAna ke sAtha usI kakSa meM leTa gaI / sugandhita tela se paripUrNa dIpa jala rahe the / bodhisatva jaga pdd'e| palyaMka para Asana mArakara baiTha gye| unakI dRSTi kakSa meM leTI una striyoM para pdd'ii| bodhisattva ne usa dRzya ko gambhIratA se dekhaa| kucha striyoM ke muMha se lAra aura kapha baha rahA thA; ataH zarIra bhIMga gayA thaa| kucha eka dAMta pIsa rahI thIM; kucha eka khA~sa rahI thIM tathA kucha eka barrA rahI thiiN| kucha eka ke muMha khule hue the tathA kucha eka ke vastra itane asta-vyasta ho gae the ki darzaka unheM dekha nahIM pAtA thaa| striyoM kI isa savikAra pravRtti ko dekhakara ve aura bhI adhika dRr3hatA-pUrvaka kAma-bhogoM se virakta ho gye| usa samaya unheM vaha sualaMkRta mahAbhavana sar3atI huI nAnA lAzoM se pUrNa kacce zmazAna kI bhA~ti pratIta ho rahA thaa| unheM tInoM hI bhavana jalate hue ghara kI taraha dikhalAI paDa rahe the| unake muMha se anAyAsa hI "hA! kaSTa, hA ! zoka" Aha nikala pdd'ii| unakA citta pravrajyA ke lie atyanta Atura ho gyaa| mujhe Aja hI gRha-tyAga karanA hai, isa dRr3ha nizcaya se ve palyaMka se utare aura dvAra ke samIpa jAkara pachA--"kauna hai?" Dyor3hI meM sira rakhakara soye hue channa ne kahA-"Aryaputra ! maiM chandaka huuN|" bodhisattva ne kahA--"Aja maiM abhiniSkramaNa karanA cAhatA huuN| mere lie eka ghor3A taiyAra kro|" 1. AnandollAsa se nikalI vAkyAvali / 2010_05

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148 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa : 1 chandaka azva kI sAja-sajjA kA sAmAna le azvazAlA meM gayA / sugandhita tela ke jalate dIpoM ke prakAza meM bela-bUTe vAle caMdave ke nIce ramaNI bhUmi para khar3e azvarAja kathaka ko dekhaa| chandaka ne use hI upayukta smjhaa| saba taraha se use sajAyA aura acchI taraha se ksaa| kanthaka ke mana meM sahaja hI vicAra AyA, Aja kI taiyArI anya dinoM se bhinna hai| mere Aryaputra udyAna-yAtrA Adi meM na jAkara mahAbhiniSkramaNa ke icchuka hoNge| vaha prasanna citta ho hinhinaayaa| vaha zabda sAre zahara meM phaila jAtA, kintu, devatAoM ne use roka liyA, kisI ko sunane nahIM diyaa| chandaka jaise hI kanthaka ko taiyAra karane ke lie gayA bodhisattva putra kI dekhane kI abhilASA se apane Asana ko chor3a rAhula-mAtA ke vAsa-sthAna kI ora gaye / zayanAgAra kA dvAra kholaa| vahA~ sugandhita tela-pradIpa jala rahe the| rAhula-mAtA belA, camelI Adi ammana bhara phUloM se sajI zaiyyA para putra ke sira para hAtha rakhakara so rahI thiiN| bodhisattva ne dehalI meM khar3e hokara una donoM ko dekhaa| ve rAhula ko lenA cAhate the| kintu, dUsare hI kSaNa unake mana meM vicAra AyA, "yadi maiM devI ke hAtha ko haTAkara apane putra ko lUMgA to devI jaga pdd'egii| mere abhiniSkramaNa meM yaha vighna hogaa| buddha hone ke pazcAt hI yahA~ Akara putra ko dekhuugaa|" prAcIna siMhala bhASA kI jAtaka kathA ke abhimatAnusAra rAhula kumAra kI avasthA usa samaya eka saptAha kI thii| __ bodhisattva mahaloM se utara Ae / kanthaka ke pAsa Aye aura usase kahA-"tAta ! kanthaka ! Aja tU mujhe eka rAta meM tAra de| maiM tere isa sahayoga se buddha hokara devatAoM sahita sAre loka ko taauuNgaa|' ve tatkAla uchale aura kanthaka kI pITha para savAra ho gaye / kanthaka gardana se pUMcha taka aThAraha hAtha lambA thaa| mahAkAya, bala-vega-sampanna vadhule hue zaMkha sadRza zveta varNa kA thaa| yadi vaha hinahinAtA yA paira khaTakhaTAtA to vaha zabda sAre nagara meM phaila jaataa| vaha usa samaya bhI hinahinAyA, kintu, devoM ne usake zabda ko vahIM roka liyaa| jahA~-jahA~ ghor3e ke paira par3e vahA~-vahAM devoM ne apanI hatheliyA~ rakha diiN| zabda nahIM huaa| niHzabda sthiti meM bodhisattva ne vahA~ se prasthAna kiyaa| chandaka ne kathaka kI pUMcha pkdd'ii| tInoM prANI AdhI rAta ke samaya mahAdvAra ke samIpa phuNce| rAjA ko yaha AzaMkA thI ki bodhisatva kahIM rAta-birAta nagara-dvAra ko kholakara abhiniSkramaNa na kara de ; ataH daravAjoM ke kapAToM ko itanA sudRr3ha banavA diyA ki eka hajAra manuSyoM kI zakti ke binA ve khula na sakeM / bodhisattva mahAbala-sampanna dasa araba hAthiyoM ke bala ke barAbara va puruSoM ke bala se eka kharaba puruSoM ke barAbara baliSTha the / dvAra para pahu~ca kara bodhisattva ne socA-"yadi dvAra na khula sakA to kanthaka kI pITha para baiThe hI, pUMcha pakar3a kara laTakate hue chandaka ko sAtha liye, ghor3e ko jA~gha se dabAkara aThAraha hAtha U~ce prAkAra ko kUda kara pAra karU~gA" chandaka ne socA-yadi dvAra na khulA to maiM Aryaputra ko kaMdhe para baiThAkara, kanthaka ko dAhine hAtha se bagala meM dabAkara prAkAra ko lAMgha jaauuNgaa|" kanthaka ne bhI socA--- "yadi dvAra na khulA to svAmI ko apanI pITha para vaise hI baiThAye,pUMcha pakar3a kara laTakate chandaka ke sAtha hI prAkAra ko lAMgha jaauuNgaa|' yadi dvAra na khulatA to tInoM meM se pratyeka uparyukta cintana ke anusAra pravRtti krte| kintu, aisA prasaMga nahIM aayaa| dvAra para rahane vAle devoM ne tatkAla kapATa khola diye| 1 11 droNa-1 ammana / 2. 140 hAtha-1 RSabha / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA janma aura pravrajyA 146 bodhisattva ko vApisa lauTAne kI icchA se mAra AkAza meM Akara khar3A huaa| usane kahA-"mitra ! rAjya chor3a mata niklo| Aja se sAtaveM dina tumhAre lie cakra-ratna prakaTa hogaa| do hajAra choTe dvIpoM aura cAra mahAdvIpoM para tumhArA akhaNDa sAmrAjya hogaa| mitra ! lauTa aao| Age na bddh'o|" bodhisattva-"tuma kauna ho?" mAra---maiM vazavartI huuN|" bodhisattva---maiM bhI jAnatA hU~ ki mere lie cakra-ratna prakaTa hogaa| kintu, mujhe rAjya se koI prayojana nahIM hai / maiM to sAhasrika loka dhAtuoM ko ninAdita karatA huA buddha bnuuNgaa|" "Aja se kabhI bhI tumhAre mana meM kAmanA, droha yA hiMsA-sambandhita vitarka utpanna nahIM hoMge, taba maiM tujhe smjhNgaa|" bodhisattva ko mAra ne ina zabdoM meM cunautI dI aura avasara kI tAka ke lie zarIra-chAyA kI bhA~ti unakA pIchA karane lgaa| bodhisattva ne hastagata cakravartI-rAjya ko ThukarA kara, use thUka kI bhAMti chor3akara ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko uttarASAr3hA nakSatra meM nagara se nirgamana kiyaa| nagara se nikalate hI unake mana meM nagarAvalokana kI punaH abhilASA jAgRta huI / usI samaya mahApRthvI kumhAra ke cakra kI taraha kAMpane lagI / mAno vaha kaha rahI ho, "mahApuruSa ! lauTa kara dekhane kA kArya tUne apane jIvana meM kabhI nahIM kiyaa|" bodhisatva ne jahA~ se muMha ghumA kara nagara ko dekhA thA, usa bhUpradeza meM 'kanthaka-nivartaka-caitya' kA cihna bana gayA / gantavya kI ora kanthaka kA muMha pherA aura atyanta satkAra aura mahAn zrI ke sAtha Age cala pdd'e| usa samaya sATha-sATha hajAra devatA Age pIche, dA~ye aura bAMye mazAla hAtha meM lie cala rahe the| cakravAloM ke dvAra-samUha para aparimita mazAloM ko jlaayaa| bahuta sAre devoM tathA nAga, suparNa (garur3a) Adi ne divya gaMdha, mAlA, cUrNa, dhUpa se pUjA karate hue pArijAta puSpa, mandAra puSpa kI vRSTi kara AkAza ko AcchAdita kara diyaa| divya saMgIta ho rahA thaa| cAroM ora ATha prakAra ke va sATha prakAra ke ar3asaTha lAkha vAdya baja rahe the| viziSTa zrI aura saubhAgya ke sAtha prasthAna karate hue bodhisattva eka hI rAta meM zAkya, koliya aura rAma-grAma-ina tIna rAjyoM ko pAra kara tIsa yojana dUra anomA nadI ke taTa para pahu~ca gye| kanthaka aparimita bala-sampanna thaa| vaha prAtaH prasthAna kara eka cakravAla ke madhyavartI ghere ko pRthvI para rahe cakke kI taraha madita karatA huA usake pratyeka kone para ghUma kara, apane bhojana ke samaya punaH lauTa sakatA thaa| kintu, isa samaya vaha kevala tIsa yojana hI cala skaa| AkAza-sthita deva, nAga va garur3a Adi dvArA barasAye gaye gaMdhamAlA Adi se vaha jaMghA taka DhaMka gayA thA / punaH-punaH usameM se apane ko nikAlate hue va gaMdhamAlA ke jAla ko haTAte hue use kAphI samaya laga gyaa| pravrajyA -grahaNa bodhisattva ne nadI ke taTa para khar3e hokara chandaka se nadI kA nAma pUchA / chandaka ne uttara diyaa-"anomaa|" bodhisattva ne tatkAla socA-hamArI pravrajyA bhI anomA'-- choTI nahIM hogii| unhoMne usI samaya er3I se ragar3a kara ghor3e ko saMketa kiyA / ghor3e ne tatkAla chalAMga bharI aura ATha RSabha caur3I nadI ke dUsare taTa para jA khar3A huaa| bodhi1. anomA=an+avam / 2. 140 hAtha-1 RSabha / 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa :1 sattva ghor3e se utare va rupahale rezama kI taraha sukomala bAlukA-taTa para khar3e hue| chandaka ko sambodhita karate hue kahA-"saumya ! chandaka ! tU mere AbhUSaNoM tathA kanthaka ko le jA / maiM pravrajita houuNgaa| chandaka ne kahA--"deva ? maiM bhI prabajita houuNgaa|' bodhisattva ne spaSTa tayA tIna bAra kahA-"tujhe pravrajyA nahIM mila sakatI / tU yahA~ se lauTa jaa|" chandaka ko bodhisattva kA vaha nirdeza zirodhArya karanA pdd'aa| AbhUSaNa aura kanthaka ko sauMpakara ve socane lage-"mere ye keza zramaNa-bhAva ke yogya nahIM haiM / bodhisattva ke kezakartana ke lie asi ke atirikta dUsarA koI upayukta sAdhana nahIM hai; ataH mujhe asi se hI kATanA caahie|" unhoMne dAhine hAtha meM talavAra liyA aura bA~ye hAtha meM maura-sahita jur3e ko pakar3A va use kATa ddaalaa| kevala do aMgula-pramANa keza rahe jo dAhinI ora se ghUma kara sira meM cipaTa ge| jIvana-paryanta unake kezoM kA yahI parimANa rhaa| mUMcha aura dAr3hI bhI usI parimANa se rahe / unheM aba sira-dAr3hI ke muNDana kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM rhii| maura-sahita jur3e ko bodhisattva ne AkAza meM yaha socate hue pheMka diyA ki yadi maiM buddha hoU~ to yaha AkAza meM hI Thahare anyathA bhUmi para gira jaae| vaha cUDAmaNi-veSTana yojana taka AkAza meM jAkara Thahara gyaa| devarAja zakra ne apanI divya dRSTi se use dekhaa| use upayukta ratnamaya karaNDa meM grahaNakara zirodhArya kiyA aura trayastriza svarga meM cUDAmaNi caitya kI sthApanA kii| bodhisattva ne punaH socA-"kAzI ke bane ye vastra bhikSu ke yogya nahIM haiN|" taba kazyapa buddha ke samaya ke unake purAne mitra ghaTikAra mahAbrahmA ne socA- "mere mitra ne Aja abhiniSkramaNa kiyA hai ; ataH maiM usake lie bhikSu kI AvazyakatAe~ (zramaNapariSkAra) le cluuNgaa|" usane tatkAla tIna cIvara, pAtra, ustarA, suI, kAya-bandhana aura pAnI chAnane kA vastra, ye ATha pariSkAra taiyAra kie aura bodhisattva ko die| bodhisattva ne arhata dhvajA ko dhAraNa kara arthAta zreSTha pravrajyA-veza ko grahaNa kara chandaka ko prerita kiyA..."chandaka! merI bAta se mAtA-pitA ko Arogya khnaa|" chandaka ne bodhisattva ko vandanA tathA pradakSiNA kI aura cala diyaa| kandaka ne bhI bodhisattva aura chandaka ke bIca huI bAta ko sunaa| aba mujhe punaH svAmI ke darzana nahIM hoMge, jaba use yaha jJAta huA, vaha usa zoka ko sahana sakA / tatkAla kalejA phaTa gayA aura vaha marakara trayastriza bhavana meM kanthaka nAmaka deva-putra huaa| chandaka ko pahale eka hI zoka thA, kintu, kanthaka kI mRtyu se vaha dUsare zoka se bhI pIr3ita huA vaha rotA huA nagara kI ora claa| 2010_05

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sAdhanA mahAvIra kA sAdhanA-kAla 12 varSa aura 13 pakSa kA hotA hai aura buddha kA sAdhanAkAla lagabhaga 6 varSa kaa| urakaTa tapasyA, utkaTa sahiSNutA aura utkaTa dhyAna-parAyaNatA donoM hI yuga-puruSoM kI sAdhanA meM milatI hai| prArambha meM buddha mahAvIra kI taraha hI tapasvI jIvana jIte haiM / kRzakAya va durvarNa ho jAte haiM aura eka dina caMkramaNa vedikA para gira par3ate haiN| taba unheM anubhava hotA hai-yaha duSkara tapasyA buddhatva-prApti kA mArga nahIM hai / puna: ve annabhojI ho jAte haiM aura sujAtA kI khIra khAkara sambodhi-prApta karate haiN| unhoMne mAnA-sambodhi kA kAraNa dhyAna hai| unake samagra sAdhanA-krama ko dekhate hue lagatA hai, buddha ne tapasyA ko usI prakAra anupAdeya ThaharAyA, jaise koI kisAna aMkura phUTane ke anantarita megha ko aMkura phUTane kA ekamAtra nimitta mAna baitthe| bhUmi kA utkhanana, bIja kA AropaNa tathA pUrvavartI meghoM kA varSaNa usakI dRSTi meM kucha nahIM raha jAte / vastusthiti yaha hai ki kula nimitta milakara hI aMkura sphoTana kara pAte haiN| mahAvIra eka varSa se kucha adhika sacela rahate haiM, phira acelAvasthA meM hI vihAra karate hai|' buddha pravajyA ke samaya gairika vastra dhAraNa karate haiM / tapasyA kA prakAra bhI bahuta kucha samAna rahatA hai| mahAvIra kabhI sUkhe bhAta, mathu aura ur3ada para nirbhara hote haiM; buddha tila-taNDula Adi para / prathama bhikSAnna khAne ke samaya buddha ke udara kI AMteM mAno muMha kI ora se bAhara nikalane lagatI haiM, para, buddha apane Apako sambhAlakara vahIM bhojana kara lete haiN| bhikSAnta kI virasatA kA varNana donoM hI paramparA meM bahuta vizada milatA hai| __ mahAvIra ke viSaya meM AIka muni-saMlApa meM jaise gozAlaka ne kahA-"mahAvIra pahale ekAnta vihArI zramaNa thaa| aba vaha bar3I pariSad meM upadeza karane lagA hai| yaha AjIvikA calAne kA DhoMga hai", usI prakAra buddha ko bhI bodhi-samprApti ke pazcAt paMcavargIya bhikSu 1. AyAraMga, prathama zrutaskandha, a06| 2. lalita vistara tathA hindU sabhyatA, pR. 238 / ____ 2010_05

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152 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 kahate haiM- "gautama buddha aba saMgrahazIla aura sAdhanAbhraSTa ho gayA hai| pahale yaha kRzakAya tapasvI thaa| aba yaha sarasa AhAra se upacita ho gayA hai|" sujAtA khIra banAne ke lie sahasra gAyoM kA dUdha pA~ca sau gAyoM ko pilAtI hai| isI krama se solaha gAyoM kA dUdha ATha gAyoM ko| dUdha ko snigdha, svAdu aura bala-prada banAne ke lie jaina paramparA meM bhI aisA ullekha milatA hai| cakravartI kI khIra isake lie prasiddha udAharaNa hai| usa khIra ko banAne meM puNDra-IkSuka ke khetoM meM carane vAlI eka lAkha gAyoM kA dUdha paccAsa hajAra gAyoM ko pilAyA jAtA hai / isI krama se eka gAya taka pahu~ca kara usake dUdha kI khIra banAI jAtI hai / ise kalyANa bhojana kahA jAtA hai / zrI devI aura cakravartI hI ise khAte haiM aura unake lie hI vaha supAcya hotA hai|' kaivalya-sAdhanA AyAraga meM mahAvIra kI sAdhanA kA vizad varNana milatA hai| vahA~ batAyA gayA hai : mahAvIra ne dIkSA lI, usa samaya unake zarIra para eka hI vastra thaa| lagabhaga teraha mAsa taka unhoMne usa vastra ko kaMdhoM para rkhaa| dUsare varSa jaba AdhI zarad Rtu bIta cukI, taba ve usa vastra ko tyAga sampUrNa acelaka anagAra ho gae / zota se trasita hokara ve bAhuoM ko sameTate na the, apitu yathAvat hAtha phailAye vihAra karate the| zizira Rtu meM pavana jora se phuphakAra mAratA, kar3akar3AtI sardI hotI, taba itara sAdhu usase bacane ke lie kisI garma sthAna kI khoja karate, vastra lapeTate aura tApasa lakar3iyAM jalAkara zIta dUra karane kA prayatna karate; parantu, mahAvIra khule sthAna meM naMge badana rahate aura apane bacAva kI icchA bhI nahIM krte| vahIM para sthira hokara dhyAna karate / naMge vadana hone ke kAraNa sardI-garmI ke hI nahIM, para, daMza-mazaka tathA anya komala-kaThora sparza ke aneka kaSTa ve jhelate the| mahAvIra apane nivAsa ke lie kabhI nirjana jhopar3iyoM ko cunate, kabhI dharmazAlAoM ko, kabhI prapA ko, kabhI hATa ko, kabhI luhAra kI zAlA ko, kabhI mAliyoM ke gharoM ko, kabhI zahara ko, kabhI zmazAna ko, kabhI sUne gharoM ko, kabhI vRkSa kI chAyA ko to kabhI ghAsa kI gaMjiyoM ke samIpavartI sthAna ko| ina sthAnoM meM rahate hue unheM nAnA upasargoM se jUjhanA hotA thA / sarpa Adi viSaile jaMtu aura gIdha Adi pakSI unheM kATa khAte the| uddaNDa manuSya unheM nAnA yAtanAe~ dete the, gA~va ke rakhavAle hathiyAroM se unheM pITate the aura viSayAtura striyAM kAmabhoga ke lie unheM satAtI thiiN| manuSya aura tiryaJcoM ke dAruNa upasargoM aura karkaza-kaThora zabdoM ke aneka upasarga unake samakSa Aye dina prastuta hote rahate the| jAra puruSa unheM nirjana sthAnoM meM dekha cir3hate, pITate aura kabhI-kabhI unakA atyadhika tiraskAra kara cale 1. cakravarti-saMbandhinInAM puNDrekSucAriNInAmanAtaGkAnAM gavAM lakSasyArddhikrameNa pItagokSIrasya paryante yAvadekasyAH goH saMbandhi yata kSIraM tatprAptakalamazAliparamAnnarUpamanekasaMskArakadravyasaMmizraM kalyANabhojanamitiprasiddha, cakriNaM strIratnaM ca binA anyasya bhokturdurjaraM mahadunmAdakaM ceti / -jambUdIvapaNNatti vRtti, vakSa0 2 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA sAdhanA 153 jAne ko kahate / mArane-pITane para bhI ve apanI samAdhi meM lIna rahate aura cale jAne kA kahane para tatkAla anyatra cale jaate|| AhAra ke niyama bhI mahAvIra ke bar3e kaThina the| nIroga hote hue bhI ve mitAhArI the| mAnApamAna meM sammAva rakhate hue ghara-ghara bhikSAcarI karate the| kabhI dInabhAva nahIM dikhAte the| rasoM meM unheM Asakti na thI aura na ve kabhI rasayukta padArthoM kI mAkAMkSA hI karate the| bhikSA meM rUkhA-sUkhA, ThaNDA, vAsI, ur3ada, sUkhe bhAta, mathu, yavAdi nIrasa dhAnya kA jo bhI AhAra milatA, use ve zAnta bhAva se aura santoSapUrvaka grahaNa karate the| eka bAra nirantara ATha mahInoM taka ve inhIM cIjoM para rhe| na milane para bhI ve dIna nahIM hote the| pakhavAr3e taka, mAsa taka aura cha:-chaH mAsa taka jala nahIM pIte the| upavAsa meM bhI vihAra karate the| ThaNDA-bAsI AhAra bhI ve tIna-tIna, cAra-cAra, pAMca-pAMca dina ke antara se karate the| nirantara nahIM karate the| svAda-jaya unakA mukhya lakSya thaa| bhikSA ke lie jAte samaya mArga meM kabUtara Adi pakSI dhAna cugate hue dikhAI dete to ve dUra se hI Talakara cale jAte / una jIvoM ke lie ve vighnarUpa na hote| yadi kisI ghara meM brAhmaNa, zramaNa, bhikhArI, atithi, caNDAla, billI yA kuttA Adi ko kucha pAne kI AzA meM yA yAcanA karate hue ve vahA~ dekhate, to unakI AjIvikA meM bAdhA na pahuMce, isa abhiprAya se ve dUra se hI cale jaate| kisI ke mana meM dveSa-bhAva utpanna hone kA ve avasara hI nahIM Ane dete| zarIra ke prati mahAvIra kI nirIhatA bar3I romAJcaka thii| roga utpanna hAna para bho ve auSadha-sevana nahIM karate the| virecana, vamana, tela-mardana, snAna aura danta-prakSAlana nahIM karate the / ArAma ke lie para nahIM dabAte the| AMkhoM meM kirakirI gira jAtI to use bhI ve nahIM nikaalte| aisI paristhiti meM A~kha ko bhI ve nahIM khujalAte / zarIra meM khAja AtI, to usa para bhI vijaya pAne kA prayatna karate / mahAvIra kamI nIMda nahIM lete the| unheM jaba kabhI nIMda adhika satAtI, ve zIta meM muhUrtabhara caMkramaNa kara nidrA dUra karate / ve pratikSaNa jAgRta raha dhyAna va kAyotsarga meM hI lIna rhte| __vasati-vAsa meM mahAvIra na gItoM meM Asakta hote the aura na nRtya va nATakoM meM / na unheM daNDa-yuddha meM utsukatA thI aura na unheM muSTi-yuddha meN| striyoM va strI-puruSoM ko parasparA kAma-kathA meM lIna dekhakara bhI ve mohAdhIna nahIM hote the / vItarAga-bhAva kI rakSA karate hue ve indriyoM ke viSayoM meM virakta rahate the| ___ utkaTaka, godohikA, vIrAsana prabhRti aneka AsanoM dvArA mahAvIra nivikAra dhyAna karate the / zIta meM ve chAyA meM baiThakara dhyAna karate aura grISma meM utkaTuka Adi kaThora AsanoM ke mAdhyama se cilacillAtI dhUpa meM dhyAna krte| kitanI hI bAra jaba ve gRhasthoM kI bastI meM Thaharate, to rUpavatI striyA~, unake zArIrika saundarya para mugdha ho, unheM viSayAthaM Amantrita krtii| aise avasara para bhI mahAvIra AMkha uThAkara unakI ora nahIM dekhate the aura antarma kha 1. sAdhanA-kAla ke bAraha varSa teraha pakhavAr3oM meM mahAvIra ne kevala eka bAra muhUrta bhara nIMda lI; aisA mAnA jAtA hai| ___ 2010_05

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154 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa: / rahate the / gRhasthoM ke sAtha kisI prakAra kA saMsarga nahIM rakhate the| dhyAnAvasthA meM kucha pUchane para ve uttara nahIM dete the| ve abahuvAdI the arthAt alpabhASI jIvana jIte the| sahe na jA sakeM, aise kaTu vyaMgyoM ko sunakara bhI zAnta aura mauna rahate the| koI unakI stuti karatA aura koI unheM daNDa se tajita karatA yA bAloM ko khIMcatA yA unheM noMcatA ; ve donoM hI pravRttiyoM meM samacita rahate the| mahAvIra isa prakAra nirvikAra, kaSAya-rahita, mUrchA-rahita, nirmala dhyAna aura Atma-cintana meM hI apanA samaya bitaate| calate samaya mahAvIra Age kI puruSa-pramANa bhUmi para dRSTi DAlate hue clte| idhara. udhara yA pIche kI ora ve nahIM jhAMkate / kevala sammukhIna mArga para hI dRSTi DAle sAvadhAnIpUrvaka calate the| rAste meM unase koI bolanA cAhatA, to ve nahIM bolate the| mahAvIra dIkSita hue, taba unake zarIra para nAnA prakAra ke sugandhita dravyoM kA vilepana kiyA huA thA / cAra mAsa se bhI adhika bhramara Adi jantu unake zarIra para maMDarAte rahe, unake mAMsa ko noMcate rahe aura rakta ko pIte rhe| mahAvIra ne titikSA-bhAva kI parAkASThA kara dii| una jantuoM ko mAranA to dUra, unheM haTAne kI bhI ve icchA nahIM karate the| mahAvIra ne durgamya lAr3ha deza kI vajrabhUmi aura zubhra bhUmi donoM meM vihAra kiyaa| vahA~ unheM aneka vipadAe~ jhelanI pdd'ii| vahA~ ke loga unheM pITate, vahA~ unheM khAne ko rUkhAsUkhA AhAra milatA / Thaharane ke lie sthAna bhI kaThinatA se milatA aura vaha bhI sAdhAraNa / bahuta bAra cAroM ora se unheM kutte ghera lete aura kaSTa dete| aise avasaroM para unakI rakSA karane vAle birale hI milte| adhikAMza to unhIM ko yAtanA dete aura unake pIche kutte lagA dete / aise vikaTa vihAra meM bhI itara sAdhuoM kI taraha ve daNDa Adi kA prayoga nahIM krte| duSTa logoM ke durvacanoM ko ve bahuta hI kSamA-bhAva se sahana krte| kabhI-kabhI aisA bhI hotA ki bhaTakate rahane para bhI ve gAMva ke nikaTa nahIM pahuMca pAte / jyoM-tyoM grAma ke nikaTa pahu~cate, anArya loga unheM trAsa dete aura tiraskArapUrvaka kahate--"tU yahA~ se calA jaa|" kitanI hI bAra usa deza ke logoM ne lakar3iyoM, muTThiyoM, bhAle kI aNiyoM, patthara yA haDDiyoM ke khapparoM se pITa-pITakara unake zarIra meM ghAva kara diye| jaba ve dhyAna meM hote, to duSTa loga unake mAMsa ko noMca lete, una para dhUla barasAte, unheM U~cA uThAkara nIce girA dete, unheM Asana para se nIce Dhakela dete / / mahAvIra kI nirjala aura nirAhAra tapasyAoM kA prAmANika byaurA bhI aneka paramparA granthoM meM milatA hai| eka bAra unhoMne cha: mahIne kA nirjala aura nirAhAra tapa kiyA, eka bAra pAMca mahIne aura paccIsa dina kA, no bAra cAra-cAra mahInoM kA, do bAra tIna-tIna mahInoM kA, do bAra DhAI-DhAI mahInoM kA, chaH bAra do-do mahInoM kA, do bAra Der3ha-Der3ha mahInoM kA, bAraha bAra eka mahIne kA, bahattara bAra pakhavAr3e kA, bAraha bAra tIna-tIna dina kA, do sau unatIsa bAra do-do dina ko aura eka-eka bAra bhadra, mahAbhadra, sarvato bhadra pratimA kA 1. AyAraMga a0 6, u01 se 4 ke AdhAra pr| ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA sAdhanA tapa kiyA / kula milAkara kahA jA sakatA hai, bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane akevalI jIvana ke 4515 dinoM meM kevala 350 dina anna va pAnI grahaNa kiyaa| 4165 dina to tapa meM biite| anya saba tIrthaGkaroM kI apekSA mahAvIra ke tapa ko ugra batAyA gayA hai / sambodhi-sAdhanA pravajita hote hI buddha ne anUpiyA nAmaka Amra-udyAna meM eka saptAha pravrajyA-sukha meM bitaayaa| vahAM se prasthAna kara eka hI dina meM tIsa yojana paidala cale aura rAjagaha meM praviSTa hue| vahA~ ve bhikSA ke lie nikale / buddha ke rUpa-saundarya ko dekhakara sArA nagara, dhanapAla ke praveza se rAjagRha kI taraha, asurendra ke praveza se devanagara kI taraha, saMkSubdha ho gyaa| rAjapuruSoM ne rAjA se jAkara kahA- "deva ! isa rUpa kA eka puruSa zahara meM madhukarI mAMga rahA hai| vaha deva hai, manuSya hai, nAga hai yA garur3a hai, hama to nahIM pahacAna paaye|" rAjA ne rAjamahaloM ke Upara khar3e hokara usa mahApuruSa ko dekhA aura sAzcarya apane puruSoM ko AjJA dI-"jAo, dekho, yadi yaha amanuSya hogA, nagara se nikalakara antardhAna ho jAyegA; devatA hogA, AkAza-mArga se calA jAyegA; nAga hogA, DubakI lagA kara pRthvI meM calA jAyegA aura yadi manuSya hogA, to milI huI mikSA kA bhojana kregaa|" buddha ne bhikSA meM prApta bhojana kA saMgraha kiyA aura use apane lie paryApta samajha kara jisa nagara-dvAra se zahara meM praveza kiyA thA, usI se nirgamana kara pANDava parvata kI chAyA meM baiTha bhojana karanA Arambha kiyaa| usa nIrasa va rUkSa AhAra ko dekhate hI unakI AMteM ulaTa kara mAnoM muMha se bAhara nikalane lgiiN| unhoMne aisA pratikUla bhojana taba taka A~khoM se dekhA bhI nahIM thaa| bhojana se duHkhita hokara unhoMne apane mana ko samajhAyA-"siddhArtha ! tU aise kula meM paidA huA thA, jahAM anna-pAna kI sulabhatA thI / tIna varSa ke purAne sugandhita cAvala kA nAnA atyuttama rasoM se bhAvita bhojana tatkAla taiyAra rahatA thaa| eka gudarIdhArI bhikSu ko dekhakara tU socA karatA thA, mere jIvana meM bhI kyA aisA samaya AyegA, jaba ki isa bhikSu kI taraha bhikSA mAMgakara bhojana karU~gA / yahI vicAra mere gRha-tyAga kA nimitta thA / aba tU kyA kara rahA hai ?" buddha ne isa prakAra apane mana ko samajhAyA aura vikAra-rahita ho bhojana kiyaa| rAjapuruSoM ne rAjA ko isa ghaTanA se sUcita kiyaa| rAjA tatkAla nagara se calakara buddha ke pAsa phuNcaa| unakI sarala ceSTA se prasanna hokara unheM sabhI prakAra ke aizvarya upahRta kiye / buddha ne nirlepa bhAva se uttara dete hue kahA-"mahArAja ! mujhe na bhoga-kAmanA hai aura na vastu-kAmanA / maiM mahAn abhisambodhi ke lie nikalA huuN|" rAjA ne bahuta prakAra 1. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritram, parva 10, sarga 4, zloka 652-657; Avazyaka niyukti hAribhadrIya vRtti 227-2 se 226-1, malayagiri vRtti, patra 268-2 se 300-2; Avazyaka niyuktidIpikA, prathama bhAga, patra 107-1 se 108 / 2. uggaM ca tavokammaM visesato vddhmaannss| -Avazyaka niyukti, gA0 262 ____ 2010_05

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156 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 se prArthanA kI, kintu, buddha usa aizvarya ko grahaNa karane ko prastuta na hue / antataH rAjA ne sAgraha eka prArthanA kI- "buddha hote hI sabase pahale Apako mere rAjya meM AnA hogA / " buddha ne rAjA ko vacana diyA aura Age prasthAna kiyA / kramazaH vicarate hue ve AlArakAlAma tathA uddaka- rAmaputra ke pAsa pahu~ce aura vahA~ samAdhi kI zikSA lii| kucha dinoM bAda unheM anubhava huA, yaha jJAna kA mArga nahIM hai / yaha samAdhi bhAvanA aparyApta hai / devatA- sahita sabhI lokoM ko apanA bala-vIrya dikhAne ke lie aura parama tattva pAne ke lie ve uruvelA phuNce| unheM vaha pradeza ramaNIya pratIta huA; ataH vahA~ Thahara kara mahAn udyoga Arambha kara diyA | kauNDinya Adi pA~ca parivrAjaka bhI gAMvoM, nagaroM va rAjadhAniyoM meM bhikSAcaraNa karate hue buddha ke pAsa vahIM pahu~ce / ve isa AzA meM the ki siddhArthakumAra aba zIghra hI buddha hoMge / chaH varSa taka ve unakI upAsanA meM lage rahe, Azrama kI saphAI Adi se unakI sevA karate rahe tathA buddhatva prApti kI vyagratA se pratIkSA karate rahe / buddha duSkara tapasyA karate hue tila - taNDula se kAla-kSepa karate rahe / antataH unhoMne AhAra grahaNa karanA bhI chor3a diyA / devatA ne roma kUpoM dvArA unake zarIra meM oja DAla diyA, kintu, nirAhAra rahane se ve atyanta durbala ho gye| unakA kanakAbha zarIra kAlA par3a gyaa| zarIra meM vidyamAna mahApuruSoM ke battIsa lakSaNa chipa gaye / eka bAra zvAsa kA avarodha kara dhyAna karate samaya kleza se atyanta pIr3ita ho, behoza hokara caMkramaNa kI vedikA para gira pdd'e| kucha devatAoM ne kahA - "zramaNa gautama mara gaye / " buddha ko anubhava huA, yaha duSkara tapasyA buddhatva prApti kA mArga nahIM hai / unhoMne grAmoM aura bAjAroM meM bhikSATana kara bhojana grahaNa karanA Arambha kara diyaa| unakA zarIra punaH svarNavarNa ho gayA / paMcavargIya bhikSuoM ne socA - "chaH varSa taka duSkara tapasyA karane para bhI yaha buddha nahIM ho sakA; aba jaba ki grAmAdi se sthUla AhAra grahaNa karane lagA hai to bodhi- prApti kaise sambhava hogI ? yaha to lAlacI ho gayA hai aura tapo bhraSTa bhI / isakI aura pratIkSA karane se hamArA kyA matalaba siddha ho sakegA ?" unhoMne buddha ko vahIM chor3a diyA ora apane-apane pAtra - cIvara Adi le aThAraha yojana dUra RSipatana ko cale gaye / uruvelA pradeza ke senAnI kasbe meM senAnI kuTumbI ke ghara sujAtA kanyA utpanna huI / tAruNya meM sujAtA ne baragada se prArthanA kI- "yadi samAna jAti ke kula ghara meM merA vivAha ho aura merI pahalI santAna putra ho, to maiM prativarSa eka lAkha ke kharca se terI pUjA karU~gI / " usakI vaha prArthanA pUrNa huI / buddha kI duSkara tapazcaryA kA chaThA varSa pUrNa ho rahA thA / vaizAkha pUrNimA kA dina thA / sujAtA ne pUjA karane ke abhiprAya se hajAra gAyoM ko yaSTimadhu ( muleThI ) ke vana meM caravA kara unakA dUdha dUsarI pA~ca sau gAyoM ko pilAyA phira unakA dUdha DhAI sau gAyoM ko pilAyA / kramazaH solaha gAyoM kA dUdha ATha gAyoM ko pilaayaa| isa prakAra dUdha kI saghanatA, madhuratA aura oja ke lie usane kSIra-parivartana kiyA / pUrNimA ke brahma muhUrta meM ATha gAyoM ko duhavAyA / naye bartana meM dUdha DAlakara sujAtA ne khIra pakAnA Arambha kiyA / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA sAdhanA 157 sujAtA ne apanI pUrNA dAsI ko zIghra hI deva-sthAna kI saphAI kA nirdeza diyaa| dAsI tatkAla vahA~ se clii| vRkSa ke nIce aaii| buddha ne usI rAta ko pA~ca mahAsvapna dekhe aura unake AdhAra para nizcaya kiyA- "niHsaMzaya Aja maiM buddha houuNgaa|" rAta bItane parazauca Adi se nivRtta ho, bhikSA-kAla kI pratIkSA karate hue usI vRkSa ke nIce baitthe| sArA vakSa unakI prabhA se prakAzita ho utthaa| pUrNA ne vRkSa ke nIce pUrvAbhimukha baiThe buddha ko dekhaa| usane socA, Aja hamAre devatA vRkSa se utarakara, apane hAtha se hI bali grahaNa ke lie baiThe haiN| usane daur3akara sujAtA ko sUcita kiyaa| sujAtA ko usa saMvAda se atyadhika prasannatA huii| usane pUrNA se kahA- "Aja se tU merI jyeSThA putrI hokara mere pAsa raha / " sujAtA ne tatkAla use putrI ke yogya AmaraNa diye| svarNa ke thAla meM khIra ko sajhAyA, dUsare svarNa thAla se use DhAMkA aura svaccha kapar3e se baaNdhaa| svayaM alaMkRta hokara, thAla ko apane sira para rakha kara vRkSa ke nIce aaii| buddha ko vahA~ dekhakara vaha bahuta hI santuSTa huii| unheM vRkSadevatA samajhakara sarvaprathama jahA~ se usane buddha ko dekhA thA, usI sthAna para jhuka kara, sira se thAla ko utArA, kholA, sone kI jhArI meM se sugandhita puSpoM se suvAsita jala ko liyA aura buddha ke pAsa jAkara khar3I ho gii| ghaTikAra mahAbrahmA dvArA pradatta miTTI kA bhikSA pAtra itane samaya taka barAbara buddha ke pAsa rahA, kintu, isa samaya vaha adRzya ho gyaa| pAtra ko apane pAsa na dekhakara buddha ne dAhinA hAtha phailAkara jala ko grahaNa kiyaa| sujAtA ne pAtra sahita khIra ko mahApuruSa ke hAtha meM arpita kiyA / buddha ne sujAtA kI ora dekhaa| sujAtA unake abhiprAya ko samajha gii| usane nivedana kiyA-"Arya ! maiMne tumheM yaha pradAna kiyA hai| ise grahaNa kara yathAruci pdhaareN|" sujAtA ne vaMdanA kI aura kahA-"jaise merA manoratha pUrNa huA hai, vaise tumhArA bhI pUrNa ho|" aura eka lAkha mudrA vAlA vaha svarNa-thAla purAne pattala kI taraha usane vahIM chor3a diyA aura vaha vahA~ se calI gii| buddha vahA~ se utthe| vRkSa kI pradakSiNA kI aura neraJjarA nadI ke tIra para gaye / thAla ko eka ora rakhA, jala meM utare, snAna kara bAhara Aye, pUrvAbhimukha hokara baiThe aura unapaccAsa grAsa karake usa sAre nirjala pAyasa kA unhoMne bhojana kiyaa| yaha bhojana hI unake buddha hone ke bAda bodhimaNDa meM vAsa karate hue sAta saptAha ke unapaccAsa dinoM ke lie AhAra huaa| itane samaya taka na unhoMne AhAra kiyA, na snAna kiyA aura na mukha hI dhoyaa| dhyAna-sukha, mArga-sukha, phala-sukha se hI ina sAta saptAhoM ko bitaayaa| buddha ne khIra ko khAkara sone ke thAla ko nadI meM pheMka diyaa|' svapna chadmastha-avasthA kI antima rAtri meM mahAvIra daza svapna dekhate haiM, jinakA sambandha unake bhAvI jIvana se hai / buddha apane sAdhanA-kAla kI antima rAtri meM pAMca mahAsvapna dekhate haiM / unakA sambandha bhI unake bhAvI jIvana se hai| svapnoM kI saMghaTanA bahuta kucha bhinna hai, para, hArda bahuta kucha samAna hai| 1. jAtakaTThakathA, nidAna / 2010_05

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158 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 mahAvIra ke svapna sAdhanA-kAla meM mahAvIra ko eka bAra muhUrta bhara nIMda AI aura usameM unhoMne daza svapna dekhe| 1. mahAvIra ne dekhA, maiM eka bhayaMkara tAr3a-sadRza pizAca ko mAra rahA huuN| isakA atha hai-moh-naash| 2. mahAvIra ne dekhA, mere sAmane eka raMga-biraMgA puMskokila upasthita hai| isakA artha hai-zukla dhyaan| 3. mahAvIra ne dekhA, mere sAmane eka raMga-biraMgA puMskokila upasthita hai| isakA artha hai-vividha vicAra-pUrNa dvAdazAMgI kA nirUpaNa / 4. mahAvIra ne dekhA, do rana-mAlAyeM mere sammukha haiN| isakA artha hai-anagAra-dharma aura anagAra-dharma kI sthaapnaa| 5. mahAvIra ne dekhA, eka zveta gokula mere sammukha hai| isakA artha hai-caturvidha saMgha se sevit| 6. mahAvIra ne dekhA, eka vikasita pama sarovara mere sAmane hai| isakA artha hai-caturvidha devoM ko pratibodha / 7. mahAvIra ne dekhA, maiM taraMgAkula mahAsamudra ko apane hAthoM se taira kara pAra kara pukA huuN| isakA artha hai-bhava-bhramaNa kA vicched| 8. mahAvIra ne dekhA, jAjvalyamAna sUrya sAre vizva ko Alokita kara rahA hai| isakA artha hai-kaivalya-prApti / 6. mahAvIra ne dekhA, maiM apanI vaDUrya varNa AMtoM se mAnuSottara parvata ko AveSTita kara rahA huuN| isakA artha hai-manuSya-loka aura sura-loka meM yaza-vistAra / 10. mahAvIra ne dekhA, maiM meru parvata kI cUlikA para siMhAsanArUr3ha ho rahA huuN| isakA artha hai-devatA aura manuSyoM kI pariSad meM dharmopadeza / ' buddha ke svapna 1. buddha ne dekhA, maiM eka mahAparyata para so rahA huuN| himAcala merA upadhAna hai| bAMyA hAtha pUrvI samudra ko chU rahA hai, dAMyA hAtha pazcimI samudra ko chU rahA hai aura para dakSiNI samudra ko chU rahe haiN| isakA artha hai-tathAgata dvArA pUrNa bodhi-prApti / ' 2. buddha ne dekhA, tiriyA nAmaka eka vRkSa unake hAtha meM prAdurbhUta hokara AkAza taka pahu~ca gayA hai| isakA artha hai-aSTAMgika mArga kA niruupnn| 3. buddha ne dekhA, zveta kITa, jinakA zirobhAga kAlA hai, mere ghuTanoM taka reMga rahe haiN| isakA artha hai-zveta vastradhArI gRhasthoM kA zaraNAgata honA / 1. bhagavatI za0 16, u06, sU0 576; ThANAMga ThA0 10, u0 3; Avazyaka niyukti ___malayagiri vRtti, patra 270 / 2. isa svapna kA phala jaina AgamoM meM usI janma meM mokSi-prApti mAnA hai| -bhagavatI zataka 16, u0 6, sUtra 580 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA sAdhanA 4. buddha ne dekhA, raMga-biraMge cAra pakSI cAra dizAoM se Ate haiM, unake caraNoM meM girate haiM aura zveta ho jAte haiM / isakA artha hai-cAroM vargoM ke loga unake pAsa saMnyasta hoMge aura nirvANa prApta kreNge| 5. baddha ne dekhA, ve eka gomaya-parvata para cala rahe haiM, para, phisala yA gira nahIM rahe haiN| isakA artha hai-sulabha bhautika sAmagrI meM anaaskti|' 1. aMguttara nikAya 3-240; mahAvastu 2-136, E. J. Thomas, Life of Buddha p. 70 fn. 4. ____ 2010_05

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pariSaha aura titikSA mahAvIra kI caryA meM ghaTanAtmaka pariSahoM kI kathA bahuta hI romAJcaka hai| ve pariSaha buddha kI caryA meM nahIM dekhe jaate| kucha eka pariSaha-prasaMga aise haiM, jo nyUnAdhika rUpAntara se donoM kI jIvana-caryA meM milate haiN| mahAvIra kA 'caNDakauzika-udbodhana' aura buddha kA 'caNDanAga-vijaya;' ye prasaMga hArda kI dRSTi se eka dUsare ke bahuta nikaTa haiM / caNDakauzika-udbodhana ___ mahAvIra prAmAnugrAma viharaNa karate hue eka dina zvetAmbikA nagarI kI ora jA rahe the| jisa mArga se ve prasthAna kara rahe the, kucha vyaktiyoM ne usa ora jAte hue unheM yaha kahakara rokA ki isI mArga para bhayaMkara AzIviSa caNDakauzika sapaM rahatA hai / vaha palaka mArate hI vyakti ko dharAzAyI kara detA hai| saikar3oM vyakti usake zikAra ho cuke haiM / aba yaha mArga bhI niSiddha mArga ke nAma se sarvatra prasiddhi pA cukA hai| ataH he zramaNa ! isa patha se na jaao| isI meM tumhArA bhalA hai| mahAvIra jisa dina se zramaNa bane the, vyutsRSTakAya hokara tapaH-pradhAna sAdhanA kara rahe the| sammukhIna upasarga se bhIta hokara patha na badalane kI unakI apanI pratijJA thI; ataH unhoMne una vyaktiyoM kA kathana sunA avazya, para, usase prabhAvita hokara apanA mArga na bdlaa| ve usI rAha se aura usI saMyamaniSTha gati se calate rahe / jaba kucha dUra gaye, usI caNDakauzika sarpa kI bAMbI A gii| sarpa bhI bAhara hI baiThA thaa| usane bhI kucha dUrI para mahAvIra ko apanI ora Ate dekhA / use bhI bar3A Azcarya haa| bahata dinoM bAda usa mArga se kisI manuSya kA Agamana haA thaa| sapaM ne sUrya kI ora dekhA tathA apanA bhayaMkara mahAvIra para chodd'aa| mahAvIra dhyAnastha khar3e ho ge| usake phaphakAra kA una para koI prabhAva nahIM haa| ve avicala dhyAna meM lIna khaDe rhe| apane acaka viSa kA bhI jaba una para koI prabhAva na haA, to sarpa aura adhika krodhAruNa ho gyaa| vaha vahAM se calA aura nikaTa Akara usane mahAvIra ke paira ke aMguThe ko ddsaa| phira bhI usake jahara kA unake zarIra para koI prabhAva na huaa| vaha unake zarIra para cddh'aa| usane unake kandhoM ko ddsaa| jahara kA taba bhI ___ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariSaha aura titikSA 161 koI prabhAva na pdd'aa| mahAvIra usI taraha aDola dhyAna-mudrA meM lIna rhe| use unakA rudhira bahuta susvAdu lgaa| vaha use pIne lgaa| sAtha-hI-sAtha usake hRdaya meM kautuhala pUrvaka yaha jijJAsA bhI huI ki Akhira kyA kAraNa hai, mere viSa kA koI asara nahIM ho rahA haiN| vicAramagna hote hI use jAti-smaraNa jJAna milaa| usane usake bala para jAnA, ye to caubIsaveM tIrthakara mahAvIra haiN| maiMne to yaha AzAtanA kara ghora aparAdha kara DAlA / vaha unake zarIra se nIce utarA, unake caraNoM meM loTane lagA aura apane isa duSkRtya, isa jIvana ke duSkRtya va pUrva bhava ke krodha janita duSkRtyoM kA smaraNa, unakI AlocanA va gahIM karatA huA, apanI usI bAMbI meM jAkara zarIra kI mamatA ko chor3a kara anazana pUrvaka rahane lgaa| usane manuSyoM ko DasanA chor3a diyA; anya choTe-bar3e jIva-jantuoM ko satAnA chor3a diyA, apane zarIra kI sAra-sambhAla ko bhI sarvathA chor3a diyA aura Atma-bhAva meM ramaNa karatA huA vahA~ rahane lgaa| niSedha karate hue bhI jaba mahAvIra ko usI mArga se prasthAna karate hue logoM ne dekhA to unheM bahuta Azcarya huaa| kucha vyakti bahuta dUra taka unake pIche bhI ge| jaba una vyaktiyoM ne sarpa kI upayukta sArI ghaTanA dekhI to unake bhI Azcarya kAThikAnA na rhaa| bhayaMkara viSadhara kA isa prakAra zAnta ho jAnA sacamaca hI eka anokhI ghaTanA thii| logoM ne vApisa Akara apane gAMva meM va Asa-pAsa ke anya gAMvoM meM bhI yaha udanta sunAyA aura caNDakauzika sarpa aba apanA viSa chor3akara zAnta ho gayA hai, yaha prasiddha kara diyaa| janatA meM isase harSa ko lahara daur3a gii| nAgadeva zAnta ho gayA, isa bAta se prerita hokara saiMkar3oM vyakti usakI pUjA va arcA ke lie vahAM Ane lge| ve dugdha-zarkarA Adi car3hAne lge| upahRta padArthoM kI gaMdha se hokara vahAM bahuta sArI cIMTiyA~ jamA ho gaI aura sarpa ke zarIra ko cUMTane lgiiN| caNDakauzika ko isase apAra vedanA huii| usa samaya bhI usane mahAvIra kA titikSA-Adarza rkhaa| vaha tilamilAyA nahIM aura na mana meM bhI kruddha huaa| usane na cIMTiyoM ko koI AghAta pahuMcAyA aura na svayaM bhI vahA~ se haTakara dUsarI jagaha gyaa| vedanA ko samabhAva se sahana karatA huA, zarIra kA tyAga kara deva-yoni meM utpanna huaa|' caNDanAga-vijaya buddha uruvela kAzyapa jaTila ke Azrama meM pahuMce aura usase kahA-"yadi tujhe asuvidhA na ho, to maiM terI agnizAlA meM vAsa karanA cAhatA huuN|" uruvela kAzyapa ne nivedana kiyA--"mahAzramaNa ! tumhAre nivAsa se mujhe to koI asuvidhA nahIM hai, kintu, yahA~ eka atyanta caNDa va divya zaktidhara AzIviSa nAgarAja rahatA hai / kahIM vaha tumhAre lie hAnikAraka na ho|" buddha ne apane prastAva ko phira bhI do-tIna bAra duharAyA aura kahA-"kAzyapa ! vaha nAga mujhe hAni nahIM pahuMcA sakegA / tU agnizAlA kI svIkRti de de|" 1. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritram, parva 10, sarga 3; Avazyaka niyukti, malayagiri vRtti, gA0 466-67, patra 273-74 / ___ 2010_05

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162 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa ! 1 uruvela ne saharSa svIkRti de dii| buddha ne agnizAlA meM tRNa bichAye, Asana lagAyA, zarIra ko sIdhA kiyA aura smRti ko sthira kara baiTha gaye / nAgarAja ne unheM vahA~ baiThe dekhaa| vaha kruddha ho, dhuA~ ugalane lagA / buddha ke mana meM adhyavasAya utpanna huA, nAgarAja ke carma, mAMsa, nasa, asthi, majjA Adi ko kisI prakAra kI binA kSati pahuMcAye isake teja ko khIMca luuN| unhoMne apane yoga-bala se vaisA hI kiyaa| svayaM dhuA~ ugalane lage / nAgarAja unake teja ko saha na sakA / vaha prajvalita ho utthaa| buddha bhI tejamahAbhUta meM samAdhistha hokara prajvalita ho utthe| donoM ke jyoti rUpa hone se agnizAlA prajvalita-sI pratIta hone lgii| uruvela kAzyapa ne agnizAlA ko cAroM ora se ghera liyA aura vaha kahane lagA-"hAya ! parama sundara mahAzramaNa nAga dvArA mArA jA rahA hai|" rAta bIta gii| prAtaHkAla buddha ne nAgarAja ko binA kisI prakAra kI kSati pahu~cAye, usakA sArA teja khIMca liyA aura use pAtra meM rakhakara uruvela kAzyapa ko dikhAte hue kahA-"maiMne tere nAga kA teja khIMca liyA hai| aba yaha nisteja hai| kisI ko bhI hAni nahIM pahu~cA skegaa|" deva-pariSaha mahAvIra kI jIvana-caryA meM saMgama deva-kRta pariSaha bahuta prasiddha haiM aura buddha kI jIvana-caryA meM mAra deva-kRta pariSaha / donoM hI prakAra ke pariSahoM kI samAnatA vismayotpAdaka hai| saMgama-deva mahAvIra ne sAnulaTThiya se dRr3ha bhUmi kI ora vihAra kiyaa| per3hAla gAMva ke samIpavartI per3hAla udyAna meM polAsa nAmaka caitya meM Aye aura aTThama tapa Arambha kiyaa| eka zilA para zarIra ko kucha jhukAkara, hAthoM ko phailaayaa| kisI rUkSa padArtha para dRSTi ko kendrita kara va dar3hamanaska hokara ve nirmimeSa ho gye| yaha mahApratimA tapa kahalAtA hai| mahAvIra vahA~ eka rAtri dhyAnastha rhe| unakI isa utkRSTa dhyAna-vidhi ko dekhakara indra ne apanI sabhA ko sambodhita karate hae kahA-"bharata kSetra meM isa samaya mahAvIra ke sadRza dhyAnI aura dhIra puruSa anya koI nahIM hai| koI bhI zakti unheM apane kAyotsarga se vicalita nahIM kara sktii|" devoM meM isa prakaraNa se bar3A harSa huaa| saMgama ko yaha acchA nahIM lgaa| usane indra ke kathana kA prativAda karate hue kahA-"aisA koI bhI dehadhArI nahIM ho sakatA, jo deva-zakti ke sammukha nata na ho|" saMgama ne indra ke kathana ko cunautI dete hue Age kahA- "maiM unheM vicalita kara sakatA huuN| merI zakti ke samakSa unheM jhukanA pdd'egaa|" indra ne apane pakSa ko puSTa karate hue kahA-"aisA na kabhI huA aura na kabhI ho sakatA hai ki dhyAnastha tIrthaGkara kisI AghAta yA tarjana se vicalita ho jaayeN|" saMgama ne dRr3hatA ke sAtha kahA- maiM unakI parIkSA luuNgaa|" 1. vinaya piTaka, mahAvagga, mahAkhandhaka / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariSaha aura titikSA apane vicAra ko kriyAnvita karane ke lie vaha zIghra hI polAsa caitya meM aayaa| dhyAnArUr3ha mahAvIra ko dekhaa| unheM vicalita karane ke lie eka hI rAtri meM eka ke bAda eka, bIsa prakAra ke bhayaMkara kaSTa die| ve kramazaH isa prakAra haiM : 1. pralaya-kAla kI taraha dhUli kI bhISaNa vRSTi kii| mahAvIra ke kAna, netra, nAka __ Adi isa dhUli se sarvathA sana gye| 2. vajramukhI cIMTiyA~ utpanna kii| unhoMne mahAvIra ke sAre zarIra ko khokhalA kara diyaa| 3. maccharoM ke jhuNDa banAe aura unheM mahAvIra para chor3A / unhoMne unake zarIra kA ____ bahuta khUna cuusaa| 4. tIkSNamukhI dImakeM utpanna kii| ve mahAvIra ke zarIra para cimaTa gaIM aura unheM ___kATane lagIM / aisA lagatA thA, jaise ki unake roMgaTe khar3e ho gaye hoN| 5. jaharIle bicchuoM kI senA taiyAra kii| unhoMne eka sAtha mahAvIra para AkramaNa kiyA aura apane paine DaMka se unheM DaMsane lge| 6. nevale chor3e / bhayaMkara zabda karate hue ve mahAvIra para TUTa par3e aura unake mAMsa ___ khaNDa ko chinna-bhinna karane lge| 7. nukIle dA~ta aura viSa kI thailiyoM se bhare sarpa chodd'e| ve mahAvIra ko bAra-bAra kATane lge| antataH jaba ve nirviSa ho gaye to zithila hokara gira pdd'e| 8. cUhe utpanna kie| ve mahAvIra ko apane nukIle dA~toM se kATane ke sAtha-sAtha una para mUtra-visarjana bhI karate / kaTe hue ghAvoM para mUtra namaka kA kAma krtaa| 9. lambI saMDha vAlA hAthI taiyAra kiyaa| usane mahAvIra ko AkAza meM punaH punaH uchAlA aura girate hI unheM apane pairoM se rauMdA tathA unakI chAtI para tIkhe dA~toM se prahAra kiyaa| 10. hAthI kI taraha hathinI banAI aura usane bhI mahAvIra ko bAra-bAra AkAza meM uchAlA tathA apane pairoM se rauMdakara tIkhe dAntoM se prahAra kiyaa| 11. bIbhatsa pizAca kA rUpa banAyA aura vaha bhayAnaka kilakAriyAM bharatA huA hAtha meM painI barthI lekara mahAvIra para jhpttaa| pUrI zakti se una para AkramaNa kiyaa| 12. vikarAla vyAghra banakara vaca-sadRza dAntoM aura trizUla-sadRza nAkhUnoM se mahAvIra ke zarIra kA vidAraNa kiyaa| 13. siddhArtha aura trizalA banakara hRdaya-bhedI vilApa karate hue unhoMne kahA-'varddha mAna ! vRddhAvasthA meM hameM asahAya chor3a kara tU kahA~ calA AyA?" 14. mahAvIra ke donoM pairoM ke bIca meM agni jalAkara bhojana pakAne kA bartana rkhaa| mahAvIra usa agni-tApa se vicalita na hue, apitu unakI kAnti svarNa kI bhAMti nikhara utthii| 15. mahAvIra ke zarIra para pakSiyoM ke piMjare laTakA diye / pakSiyoM ne apanI coMca aura paMjoM se prahAra kara unheM kSata-vikSata karane kA prayatna kiyaa| 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 16. bhayaMkara AMdhI claaii| vRkSa mUla se ukhar3ane lage, makAnoM kI chateM ur3ane lagI aura sA~ya-sA~ya kA bhayaMkara ninAda jana-mAnasa ko bhayAkula karane lgaa| mahAvIra usa vAtUla meM kaI bAra ur3e aura gire| 17. cakrAkara vAyu calAI / mahAvIra usameM cakra kI taraha ghUmane lge| 18. kAla cakra claayaa| mahAvIra ghuTane taka bhUmi meM dhaMsa gye| pratikUla pariSahoM se jaba mahAvIra tanika bhI vicalita na hue to use kucha lajjAkA anubhava huA, phira bhI usane prayAsa na chodd'aa| unakA dhyAna-bhaGga karane ke lie usane kucha anukUla prayatna bhI kiye| 16. eka vimAna meM baiThakara mahAvIra ke pAsa AyA aura bolA-'kahiye' Apako svarga cAhie yA apavarga? abhilASA pUrNa kruuNgaa|" 20 antataH usane eka apsarA ko lAkara mahAvIra ke sammukha khar3A kiyaa| usane bhI apane hAva-bhAva va vibhrama-vilAsa se unheM dhyAna-cyuta karane kA prayatna kiyA, kintu, saphalatA nahIM milii| rAtri samApta huii| prAtaHkAla mahAvIra ne apanA dhyAna samApta kiyA aura bAlukA kI ora vihAra kiyaa| asaphala vyakti apane durvicAra ko jyoM-tyoM nahIM chor3atA / usakA prayatna hotA hai, jaise-taise bhI kucha kara DAlUM / yadyapi mahAvIra ko meru kI bhA~ti aDola dekhakara vaha sanna raha gayA, phira bhI usane duSprayatna nahIM chodd'e| mahAvIra bAlukA kI ora jaba vihAra kara rahe the, saMgama ne unheM bhIta karane ke lie mArga meM pAMca sau coroM kA eka giroha khar3A kara diyaa| kintu, ve bhIta na hue| unhoMne apanA mArga nahIM badalA / sahaja gati se calate rhe| bAlukA se vihAra kara ve suyoga, succhetA, malaya aura hastizIrSa aaye| saMgama vahA~ bhI unake sAtha thA aura unheM nAnA pariSaha detA rhaa| mahAvIra tosali gA~va ke udyAna meM dhyAnastha the| saMgama sAdhu kA veSa banAkara gA~va meM gayA aura vahA~ seMdha lagAne lgaa| janatA ne use cora samajha kara pakar3a liyA aura use barI taraha pITane lagI / ruMAsI zakla meM saMgama ne kahA- "mujhe kyoM pITate haiM ? maiM to apane guru kI AjJA kA pAlana kara rahA huuN|" janatA ne pUchA--"terA guru kauna hai aura kahA~ hai ?" saMgama ne udyAna meM dhyAnamagna mahAvIra ko batA diyaa| janatA udyAna meM aaii| mahAvIra ko dhyAnastha dekhA / janatA ne una para AkramaNa kara diyaa| unheM bAMdhakara gAMva kI ora le jAne kI taiyArI karane lge| mahAbhUtila aindrajAlika sahasA vahA~ A phuNcaa| usane gAMva vAloM ko mahAvIra kA paricaya diyA aura unheM mukta kraayaa| janatA usa tathAkathita sAdhu kI khoja meM lgii| vaha kahIM dikhAI nahIM diyaa| gA~va vAloM ko svataH yaha jJAta ho gayA ki isameM avazya hI koI SaDyaMtra thaa| 1.prastuta bIsa pariSaha Avazyaka cUNi (prathama bhAga, patra 311) ke AdhAra se haiN| kappa sutta meM ye hI pariSaha kucha krama-bheda aura svarUpa-bheda se haiN| 2. Avazyaka niyukti, gA0 508 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariSaha aura titikSA 165 tosali se vihAra kara mahAvIra mosali phuNce| udyAna meM dhyAnamagna the| saMgama ne una para cora hone kA abhiyoga lgaayaa| ArakSaka Aye aura unheM giraphtAra kara liyaa| ve rAjasabhA meM lAye gye| sabhA meM siddhArtha kA mitra sumAgadha rASTriya baiThA thaa| mahAvIra ko dekhakara vaha khar3A ho gyaa| unakA abhivAdana kiyaa| rAjA se unakA paricaya karavAyA aura bandhanamukta kiyaa| mahAvIra udyAna meM jAkara punaH dhyAnastha ho gye| eka bAra mahAvIra kAyotsarga meM lIna the| saMgama ne corI ke upakaraNa lAkara unake pAsa rakha die| janatA ne unheM cora kI AzaMkA se pakar3a liyA aura tosali-kSatriya ke samakSa upasthita kiyaa| kSatriya ne unase nAnA prazna pUche aura paricaya jAnanA caahaa| unhoMne kucha bhI uttara nahIM diyA / mauna se kSatriya aura adhika sazaMka huaa| usane apane parAmarza maNDala se vimarSaNa kiyaa| sabhI isa niSkarSa para pahuMce, yaha chadma sAdhu hai; ataH ise phAMsI para laTakA diyA jaae| adhikAriyoM ne Adeza ko kriyAnvita karane ke lie kadama utthaaye| mahAvIra ko phAMsI ke takhte para le Aye aura unhoMne phAMsI kA phaMdA unake gale meM DAlA / phaMdA usI samaya TUTa gyaa| sAta bAra unheM phAMsI lagAne kA upakrama kiyA gayA, kintu, vaha viphala hI huaa| rAjA aura adhikArI; sabhI cakita hue aura atizaya prabhAvita bhii| rAjA ne mahAvIra ko AdarapUrvaka mukta kara diyaa| mahAvIra eka bAra siddhArthapura aaye| saMgama ke kAraNa cora kI AzaMkA meM ve vahA~ bhI pakar3e gaye / azva-vaNika kauzika se paricaya pAkara ve mukta kara diye gaye / yahA~ se brajagrAma aaye| vahA~ usa dina koI parva thA ; ata: sabake ghara khIra banI thii| mahAvIra bhikSAcarI ke lie utthe| saMgama vahA~ bhI pahu~ca gyaa| mahAvIra jisa ghara meM gaucarI ke lie jAte, vaha vahA~ pahu~ca jAtA aura AhAra ko akalpanIya kara detA / mahAvIra saMgama kI durbuddhi ko samajha gaye aura nagara chor3akara anyatra cale gye| chaH mahIne taka saMgama mahAvIra ko bhayaMkara kaSTa detA rhaa| usane adhamatA kI sImA lAMgha dii| mahAvIra phira bhI apane mArga se tanika bhI vicalita na hue / saMgama mana meM lajjita huaa| use dRr3ha vizvAsa ho gayA, mere aneka prayatna karane para bhI mahAvIra kA manobala kramaza: dRDhatara hI huA hai, usameM nyUnatA nahIM huI hai / parAbhUta hokara vaha mahAvIra ke samakSa upasthita huA aura apanA rahasyodghATana karatA huA bolA-"indra dvArA kI gaI ApakI stuti akSaraza: satya hai / Apa dRr3hapratijJa haiN| maiM apanI pratijJA se bhraSTa huA huuN| Apako koI bhI zakti vicalita nahIM kara sakatI / bhaviSya meM maiM kabhI bhI, kisI ke bhI sAtha aisI adhamatA nahIM kruuNgaa|" mahAvIra samacitta the| saMgama kI pUrva pravRttiyoM para ve na udvigna hue aura na isa nivedana para hrssit| saMgama svarga meM gyaa| isa kukRtya se indra usa para bahuta kruddha huaa| usakI bhartsanA 1. Avazyaka niyukti, gA 509 / 2. vahI, gA0 506 / 3. vahI, 510 / 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa: 1 karate hue use devaloka se nirvAsita kara diyaa| vaha apanI patnI ke sAtha meru parvata kI cUlA para rahane lgaa| mAra deva-putra buddha yathArtha jJAna prApta karane ke lie jaba kRta saMkalpa ho, Asana lagAkara baiThe to mAra deva-putra ne socA-"siddhArtha-kumAra mere adhikAra se bAhara nikalanA cAhatA hai / maiM aisA nahIM hone duuNgaa|" mAra deva-putra apane sainya zivira meM AyA, sArI senA ko sajjita kiyA aura buddha para AkramaNa karane ke lie cala pdd'aa| senA bahuta vistRta thii| cAroM ora va U~cAI meM aneka yojanoM taka phailI huI thii| mAra svayaM girimekhala hAthI para ArUr3ha huA aura usane sahasrabAhu se nAnA Ayudha grahaNa kiye / anya sainikoM ne bhI astra-zastra dhAraNa kiye aura vibhinna raMgoM se apanI AkRti ko atyanta bhayAvaha va vicitra banAkara buddha ko bhIta karane ke lie cala pdd'e| jaba mAra apane pUre parivAra ke sAtha bodhi-maNDa ke samIpa pahu~ca rahA thA, sAre deva-sainika eka-eka kara bhAga khar3e hue| buddha ke apratima teja ko ve dekha na sake / mAra deva-putra ko apane prabhAva kA anubhava huA aura dUsarA mArga khojate hue usane nizcaya-kiyA-"buddha ke samAna dUsarA koI bhI vIra nahIM hai / abhimukha hokara isase yuddha nahIM kara sakeMge ; ataH pIche se AkramaNa karanA caahie|" aura unhoMne pIche se AkramaNa kara diyaa| buddha ne anya dizAoM ko khAlI pAyA aura kevala uttara dizA se mAra-senA ko apanI ora bar3hate paayaa| unhoMne socA-"ye itane vyakti mere viruddha vizeSa prayatnazIla haiN| merI ora mere mAtA-pitA, bhAI, svajana-parijana Adi koI nahIM haiM, daza pAramitAeM hI mere parijana ke samAna haiM ; ataH unakI hI DhAla banAkara pAramitA-zastra ko hI calAnA cAhie aura isa senA-samUha kA vidhvaMsa karanA caahiye|" / daza pAramitAoM kA smaraNa kara buddha Asana jamA kara baiTha gye| mAra deva ne unheM bhagAne ke uddezya se kaSTa denA prArambha kiyaa| 1. bhayaMkara A~dhI claaii| parvatoM ke zikhara ur3ane lage, vRkSoM kI jar3eM ukhar3ane lagIM aura grAma va nagaroM kA astitva raha pAnA asambhava ho gyaa| buddha sthirakAya baiThe rahe / calatI huI A~dhI jaba buddha ke samIpa pahuMcI to vaha sarvathA nirbala ho cukI thii| unake cIvara kA konA bhI nahIM hila paayaa| 2. A~dhI meM asaphala hokara mAra deva-putra ne buddha ko Dubone ke abhiprAya se mUsalAdhAra varSA kI vegavAhinI dhArAoM se pRthvI meM sthAna-sthAna para chidra ho gaye / vana-vRkSoM kI UparI coTiyoM taka bAr3ha A gii| phira bhI buddha ke cIvaroM ko vaha osa kI bUMdoM ke samAna bhI bhigo na skaa| 3. pattharoM kI varSA kii| bar3e-bar3e dhuMA-dhAra, jalate-dahakate parvata-zikhara AkAza-mArga se Aye aura buddha ke samIpa pahu~cakara ve puSpoM ke gucche bana gye| 4. AyudhoM kI varSA kii| ekadhAra, dvidhAra, asi, zakti, tIra Adi prajvalita Ayudha mAkAza-mArga se Aye aura buddha ke samIpa pahu~cate hI ve divya puSpoM meM parivartita ho gye| 5. aGgAroM kI varSA kii| rakta-varNa aGgAre AkAza se barasane lage, kintu, ve buddha ke pairoM para puSpa banakara bikhara gye| ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariSaha aura titikSA 6. rAkha kI varSA kI / atyanta uSNa agni-cUrNa AkAza se barasane lagA, kintu, buddha ke caraNoM meM vaha candana-cUrNa banakara giraa| 7. reta kI varSA kii| dhuMdhalI, prajvalita, ati sUkSma dhUla AkAza se barasane lagI, kintu, buddha ke caraNoM para vaha divya puSpa banakara gira pdd'ii| 8. kIcar3a kI varSA kii| dhuMdhalA va prajvalita kIcar3a AkAza se barasane lagA, kintu, baddha ke caraNoM para vaha bhI divya lepa banakara giraa| 6. cAroM ora saghana aMdhakAra phailAnA Arambha kiyA, kintu, vaha bhI buddha ke samIpa pahu~catA huA, sUrya-prabhA se vinaSTa andhere kI bhA~ti tirohita ho gyaa| A~dhI, varSA, pASANa, Ayudha, aMgAre, dhadhakatI rAkha, bAlU, kIcar3a aura andhakAra kI varSA se bhI mAra jaba buddha ko na bhagA sakA to apane sainikoM ko Adeza diyA-"khar3e-khar3e kyA dekha rahe ho? isa kumAra ko pakar3o, mAro aura bhgaao|" svayaM girimekhala hAthI para baiThakara, cakra ko hAtha meM le buddha ke pAsa pahu~cA aura bolA-"siddhArtha ! isa Asana se utth| yaha tere lie nahIM hai, apitu mere lie hai|" buddha ne uttara diyA-"mAra ! tU ne na daza pAramitAeM pUrNa kI haiM, na upa-parimitAeM aura na paramArtha pAramitAeM hii| tU ne pA~ca mahAtyAga bhI nahIM kiye, na jJAti-hita va loka-hita ke lie hI kucha kiyA / tU ne jJAna kA AcaraNa bhI nahIM kiyA hai / yaha Asana tere lie nahIM, mere lie hI hai|" mAra apane krodha ke vega ko roka na skaa| usane buddha para cakra calAyA / buddha ne apanI daza pAramitAoM kA smaraNa kiyaa| vaha cakra una para phUloM kA ca~davA bana kara Thahara gyaa| yaha cakra itanA teja yA ki mAra kruddha hokara yadi eka Thosa pASANa stambha para pheMkatA to use bA~soM ke kar3Ira (ghAsa) kI taraha khaNDa-khaNDa kara detaa| mAra pariSad ne bhI buddha ko Asana se bhagAne ke lie bar3I-bar3I patthara zilAeM pheNkii| daza pAramitAoM kA smaraNa karate hI buddha ke pAsa Akara ve phUlamAlAyeM banakara pRthvI para gira pdd'iiN| cakravAla ke kinAre para khar3e devatA-gaNa utkandhara hokara isa dRzya ko dekha rahe the| raha-raha kara unake mastiSka meM eka hI cintana ubhara rahA thA, siddhArtha kumAra kA sundara svarUpa naSTa ho gyaa| aba vaha kyA karegA ? pAramitAoM ko pUrNa karane vAle bodhisattvoM kI buddhatva-prApti ke dina jo Asana prApta hotA hai, vaha mere lie hI hai ; jaba mAra ne yaha kahA to buddha ne usase pUchA-mAra ! tere dAna kA sAkSI kauna hai ?" mAra ne apanI senA kI ora hAtha phailAte hue kahA-"ye sAre mere sAthI haiN|" sabhI sainika mAra kA saMketa pAte hI eka sAtha cillA uThe- "hama sAkSI haiM, hama sAkSI haiN|" vaha kolAhala itanA huA ki jaise pRthvI ke phaTane kA zabda hotA ho| mAra ne buddha se pUchA-"siddhArtha-kumAra tU ne dAna diyA hai, isakA sAkSI kauna hai ?" buddha ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA-"tU ne jo dAna diyA thA, usake sAkSI to ye jIvita prANI (sacetana) haiM; kintu, maiMne jo dAna diyA thA, yahA~ usakA jIvita sAkSI koI nahIM hai| anya janmoM meM die gae dAna kI bAta tU rahane de| kevala 'vessantara janma' meM mere dvArA sAta saptAha taka diye gaye dAna kI yaha acetana Thosa mahA pRthvI bhI sAkSiNI hai|" ____ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 buddha ne tatkAla cIvara meM se dAhine hAtha ko nikAlA / mahApRthvI ko sambodhita karate hue unhoMne kahA - "vessantara janma meM mere dvArA sAta saptAha taka die gaye dAna kI kyA tR sAkSiNI hai ?" 168 ( buddha ne mahApRthvI se prazna kiyA aura usakI ora hAtha laTakAyA / ) mahApRthvI ne tatkAla uttara diyA- "maiM terI usa samaya kI sAkSiNI hU~ / " aura mAra-senA ko titara-bitara karate hue usane zatazaH, sahasrazaH aura lakSazaH mahAnAda kiyA / mAra parAbhUta huA / usane buddha ke kathana ko svIkAra karate hue kahA- -"siddhArtha ! tUne mahAdAna diyA hai, uttama dAna diyA hai / " jyoMhI mAra ne vessantara janma ke dAna para vicAra kiyA, girimekhala hAthI ne donoM ghuTane Teka diye| usI samaya mAra senA dizAoM vidizAoM meM bhAga niklii| eka mArga se do nahIM gaye / sira ke AbhUSaNa va vastrAdika chor3a, jisa ora avakAza milA, usa ora hI bhAga nikale / deva - gaNa ne buddha kI vijaya aura mAra kI parAjaya ko dekhA / ve bahuta harSita hue / buddha ke samIpa Aye aura unakI pUjA kii| avalokana saMgama aura mAra ke kucha pariSad to nitAnta eka rUpa hI haiM; phira bhI kucha maulika antara bhI hai / saMgama dvArA hone vAle pariSahoM ke AghAta kA pariNAma mahAvIra ke zarIra para hotA hai; kintu, ve itane sthirakAya the ki unase vicalita nahIM hue / mAra deva putra dvArA hone vAle AkramaNa jaba buddha ke samIpa pahu~cate haiM to buddha daza pAramitAoM kA smaraNa karate haiM aura ve (AkramaNa) puSpa Adi ke rUpa meM badala jAte haiM tathA ve unake lie kaSTakAraka nahIM hote / mahAvIra kA saMgama ke sAtha koI vArtAlApa nahIM hotA hai / buddha aura mAra deva putra eka dUsare ko cunautiyA~ dete haiM aura donoM meM vAda-vivAda bhI hotA hai / mahAvIra ke samakSa saMgama aura buddha ke samakSa mAra deva putra, anta meM, donoM hI parAbhUta hote haiM / mahAvIra ko ye upasarga chadmastha kAla ke gyArahaveM varSa meM hote haiM / indra dvArA kI gaI unakI dhyAna dRr3hatA kI prazaMsA isakA nimitta banatI hai| saMgama ko midhyAdRSTi deva mAnA gayA hai| buddha ko mAra deva-putra-kRta ye upasarga abodhi dazA ke antima varSa meM hote haiM; jaba ki buddha sujAtA kI khIra khAkara samyak sambodhi prApta kiye binA Asana ko na chor3ane kA praNa karate haiM / upasargoM ke anantara hI buddha bodhi-lAbha kara lete haiM aura phira ve sthAnAntara se sAta saptAha taka samAdhi lagAte hue vimukti kA Ananda lete haiM / dUsare saptAha ve ajapAla bargada ke nIce aura tIsare saptAha mucalinda vRkSa kI chAyA meM samAdhi lete haiM / usa saptAha akAla megha kA prakopa hotA hai / zarIra ko cIra kara nikalane vAlI ThaNDI havAe~ calatI haiM / usa samaya mucalinda nAgarAja AtA hai aura buddha ke zarIra ko sAta bAra lapeTa kara unake mastaka para phana tAnakara khar3A 1. jAtakaTThakathA, nidAna | 2. dekheM, Avazyaka niryukti, malayagirivRtti, gA0 468 se 517 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariSaha aura titikSA rahatA hai / isa prakAra vaha buddha kI zIta-tApa, daMza, macchara, vAta, dhUpa, sarIsRpa Adi se rakSA karatA hai| yaha upasarga tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha ke kamaTha upasarga jaisA hai| chadmastha avasthA meM pArzvanAtha eka dina vaTa vRkSa kI chAyA meM kUpa ke samIpa dhyAnastha khar3e the| pUrva bhava ke virodhI meghamAlI deva ne bhayaMkara kar3aka aura bijalI ke sAtha mUsaladhAra megha barasAnA prArambha kiyaa| nadI-nAle baha cle| pralaya kA-sA dRzya utpanna ho gyaa| tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha ke gale taka pAnI bhara aayaa| dharaNendra-padmAvatI deva-yugala ne usa samaya unheM svavikurvita kamala-nAbhi para khar3A kiyA aura unake mastaka para vikurvita nAgarAja phana tAna kara khar3A rhaa| isa prakAra tIna dina taka ve deva dvArA surakSita rhe| 1. vinaya piTaka, mahAvagga, mhaakhndhk| 2. vistAra ke lie dekheM-triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritram / ____ 2010_05

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kavalya aura bodhi kaivalya "anuttara jJAna, darzana, cAritra, Arjava, svAdhyAya, vIrya, lAghava, kSAnti, mukti (nirlobhatA), gupti, tuSTi, satya, saMyama, tapa aura sucarita tathA puSTa phala dene vAle nirvANa mArga se apanI AtmA ko bhAvita karate hue mahAvIra ne bAraha varSa kA sudIrgha samaya bitA diyaa| terahaveM varSa meM eka bAra ve, jaMbhiya grAma ke bAhara, RjubAlikA nadI ke uttara taTa para, zyAmAka gAthApati ke kheta meM, vyAvRta caitya ke na adhika dUra aura na adhika samIpa, IzAna koNa meM, zAlavRkSa ke nIce, godohikAsana se, dhyAnastha hokara AtApanA le rahe the| usa dina unake nirjala SaSTabhakta tapa thaa| baizAkha zuklA dazamI kA dina thaa| pUrvAbhimukha chAyA thii| aparAhna kA antima prahara thaa| vijaya muhUrta meM uttarAphAlgunI nakSatra thaa| pUrNa nistabdha va zAnta vAtAvaraNa meM ekAgratA kI utkRSTatA meM mahAvIra zukla dhyAna meM lIna the| prabala puruSArthI mahAvIra usa samaya sAdhanA ke antima chora taka pahu~ce / cAra ghAtI karmoM kA kSaya kiyA aura unhoMne kevala jJAna aura kevala darzana ko prApta kiyaa| vaha jJAna aura darzana carama, utkRSTa, anuttara, ananta, vyApaka, sampUrNa, nirAvaraNa aura avyAhata thaa| isakI prApti ke bAda ve manuSya, deva tathA asura-pradhAna loka ke samasta jIvoM ke sabhI bhAva aura paryAya jAnane dekhane lge| kaivalya-prApti ke sAtha-sAtha devaloka meM prakAza huaa| devoM ke Asana calita hone lge| devoM ke indra, sAmAnika deva, trAyastriza deva, lokapAla, devoM kI agramahiSiyA~, pArivArika deva, senApati, Atma-rakSaka deva aura lokAntika Adi deva ahaM-prathamikA se manuSyaloka meM utara Aye / sthAna-sthAna para devoM kI sabhAoM kA samAyojana hone lgaa| deviyAM ISad muskAna se madhura saMgAyana karane lgiiN| saba dizAeM zAnta evaM vizuddha ho rahIM thiiN| atyanta AzcaryakAraka prakAza se sArA saMsAra jagamagA uThA / AkAza meM gambhIra ghoSa se dundubhi 1. AyAraMga, zru0 2, a0 15; kappa sutta, kalpadruma kalikA vRtti ke AdhAra se| ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] kaivalya aura bodhi 171 bajane lgii| nAraka jIvoM ne abhUtapUrva sukha kI sAMsa lii| manda-manda sukhakara havA calane lgii| aneka alaukika ghaTanAe~ ghttii|' bodhi buddha dina meM nadI ke taTavartI supuSpita zAlavana meM vihAra karate rhe| sAyaMkAla vahA~ se cale aura bodhi vRkSa ke samIpa aaye| mArga meM unheM zrotriya ghasiyArA ghAsa lekara AtA huA milaa| usane buddha ko ATha muTThI tRNa diye| buddha unheM lekara bodhi-maNDa para car3he aura dakSiNa dizA meM uttara kI ora muMha kara khar3e hue| usa samaya dakSiNa cakravAla dabakara mAno avIci (naraka) taka calA gayA aura uttara cakravAla uThakara mAno bhavAgra taka Upara calA gyaa| buddha ko anubhava huA, yahA~ sambuddhatva kI prApti nahIM hogii| ve vahA~ se haTe aura pradakSiNA karate hue pazcima dizA meM jAkara pUrvAbhimukha hokara khar3e ho gaye / pazcima cakravAla daba kara avIci taka calA gayA aura pUrva cakravAla bhavAgra tk| ve jahA~-jahA~ jAkara Thahare, vahA~-vahA~ nemiyoM ko vistIrNa kara nAbhi ke bala para leTAye hue zakaTa ke pahiye ke sadRza mahApathvI U~cI-nIcI ho utthii| buddha ko vahA~ bhI anubhava huA, yahA~ bhI bodhi-prApti na ve vahA~ se haTe aura uttara meM jAkara dakSiNAbhimukha hokara khar3e hue| usa samaya bhI uttara kA cakravAla dabakara avIci taka calA gayA aura dakSiNa kA cakravAla bhavAgra taka / usa sthAna ko bhI buddhatva-prApti ke lie anupayukta samajhakara ve vahA~ se haTe, pradakSiNA kI aura pUrva meM jAkara pazcimAbhimukha hokara khar3e ho gye| unake mAnasa meM tatkAla yaha vicAra ubharA; "yaha sabhI buddhoM se aparityakta sthAna hai| yahI duHkha-paJjara ke vidhvaMsana kA sthAna hai|" unhoMne tRNoM ke agra bhAga ko pakar3a kara hilaayaa| ve tRNa tatkAla hI caudaha hAtha ke Asana meM badala gye| taNa jisa AkAra meM gire, vaha bahuta hI sundara thaa| citrakAra yA zilpakAra bhI vaisA AkAra citrita nahIM kara sakate / buddha ne bodhivRkSa kI ora pITha kara ekAgra ho, dRr3ha nizcaya kiyA"cAhe merI camar3I, naseM, asthiyAM hI avazepa kyoM na raha jAyeM, zarIra, mAMsa, rakta Adi bhI kyoM na sUkha jAyeM, samyak sambodhi prApta kiye binA maiM isa Asana ko nahIM chodduuNgaa|" pUrvAbhimukha hokara sau bijaliyoM ke girane se bhI na TUTane vAlA aparAjita Asana lagAkara ve baiTha gye| mAra ne buddha ko usa Asana se vicalita karane ke lie vAyu, varSA, pASANa, Ayudha, aMgAre, dhadhakatI rAkha, bAlU, kIcar3a aura aMdhakAra kI bhayaMkara vRSTi kii| kintu, vaha saphala na ho skaa| sUryAsta se pUrva hI parAbhUta hokara vaha vahA~ se bhAga niklaa| usa samaya buddha ke cIvara para bodhi vRkSa ke aMkura gira rahe the| aisA pratIta hotA thA ki lAla mUMgoM kI varSA se unakI pUjA ho rahI hai / prathama yAma' meM unheM pUrva janmoM kA jJAna huA, dUsare yAma meM divya cakSu vizuddha huA aura antima yAma meM unhoMne patIccasamuppAda kA sAkSAtkAra kiyaa| cakravAloM ke bIca ATha sahasra lokAntara, jo pahale sAta sUrya ke prakAza se bhI kabhI prakAzita nahIM hote the, usa samaya 1.triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritram, parva 10, sarga 5 / 2. cAra ghaNTe kA eka yAma / prathama yAma rAtri kA prathama tRtIyAMza / 2010_05

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172 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 cAroM ora se prakAzita ho utthe| caurAsI hajAra yojana gahare mahAsamudra kA pAnI mIThA ho gyaa| nadiyoM kA bahAva ruka gyaa| janmAndha dekhane lage, janma se bahare sunane lage aura janma ke paMgu calane lge| bandijanoM kI hathakar3iyAM aura ber3iyAM TUTa kara gira pdd'ii| ve bandhana-mukta ho gye| usa samaya aneka vismaya-kAraka ghaTanAyeM ghttii|' 'kaivalya' kI apekSA 'bodhi' kA varNana adhika AlaMkArika hai| kaivalya ke sambandha sa devoM ke Agamana kI vizeSa carcA hai aura bodhi ke sambandha se manuSya-loka kI / alaukika aura vismaya-kAraka ghaTanAoM ke ghaTita hone kA ullekha donoM meM samAna rUpa se hai| avalokana sarvajJatA ke sambandha meM bauddhoM kI mAnyatA hai, buddha jo jAnanA cAhate haiM, vaha jAna sakate haiM; jabaki jainoM kI dhAraNA hai, jo jJeya thA, vaha saba mahAvIra ne apane kaivalya-prApti ke prathama kSaNa meM hI jAna liyA / bodhi-prApta buddha apanI vivakSA ke prArambha meM socate haiM"maiM sarvaprathama isa dharma kI dezanA kise karU~; isa dharma ko zIghra hI kauna grahaNa kara sakegA?" tatkAla hI unake mana meM AyA, "AlAra-kAlAma medhAvI, catura va cirakAla se alpa malina citta hai| kyoM na maiM use hI sarvaprathama dharma kI dezanA dUM ? vaha ise bahuta zIghra grahaNa kara legaa|" pracchannarUpa se devatAoM ne kahA- "bhante ! AlAra-kAlAma to eka saptAha pUrva hI mara cukA hai|" buddha ko bhI usa samaya jJAna-darzana huA aura unhoMne isa ghaTanA ko jaanaa| sAtha hI unhoMne socA, "AlAra-kAlAma mahAAjAnIya thaa| yadi vaha isa dharma ko sunatA, zIghra hI grahaNa kara letaa|" phira unhoMne cintana kiyA-"uddakarAma putra catura, medhAvI va cirakAla se alpa malina citta hai| kyoM na maiM pahale use hI dharmopadeza karU~? vaha isa dharma ko zIghra hI grahaNa kara legaa|" devatAoM ne gupta rUpa se unheM sUcita kiyA-"bhante ! vaha to rAta ko hI kAla-dharma ko prApta ho cukA hai|" buddha ko bhI usa samaya jJAna-darzana huaa| cintana-lIna hokara buddha ne phira socA-"paMcavargIya bhikSu mere bahuta kAma Aye hai| sAdhanA-kAla meM unhoMne merI bahuta sevA kI thii| kyoM na maiM sarvaprathama unheM hI dharmopadeza kruuN|" Age unhoMne socA- "isa samaya ve kahA~ haiM ?" unhoMne amAnuSa vizuddha divya netroM se dekhA -"ve to isa samaya vArANasI ke RSipattana mRga-dAva meM vihAra kara rahe haiN|"2 bodhi-lAbha ke pazcAt buddha aise logoM ko dharmopadeza dene kA socate haiM, jo divaMgata ho cuke haiN| jaba unheM batAyA jAtA hai, taba ve apane 'jJAna-darzana' se bhI vaisA jAnate haiM / jJAna aura darzana zabda kA prayoga donoM paramparAoM meM yugapat calatA hai| mahAvIra kevalajJAnakevaladarzana prApta karate haiN| buddha apane jJAna-darzana se AlAra-kAlAma va uddakarAma-putra kI mRtyu ko jAnate haiN| jaina paramparA meM pA~ca jJAna aura cAra darzana mAne gae haiN| pA~ca jJAna meM - 1. jAtakaTThathA, nidAna / 2. vinaya piTaka, mahAvagga, mahAkhandhaka ke AdhAra se| 3. jJAna-mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyava, kevala / 4. darzana-cakSu, acakSu, avadhi, kevala / ___ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA kaivalya aura bodhi tIsarA avadhijJAna hai / avadhijJAnI (vimaMga-jJAnI) apane viSaya para dattacitta hokara hI jJeya kA jJAna karatA hai / buddha kA jJAna bhI jaina paribhASA meM avadhijJAna (vibhaMga-jJAna) jaisA hI pratIta hotA hai| isa tathya kI puSTi isase bhI hotI hai ki bauddha zAstra sarva-kAla aura sarvadeza meM avasthita kevalajJAna ke prati anAsthA aura asaMbhavatA vyakta karane ke sAtha-sAtha upahAsa bhI vyakta karate haiN| sandaka sutta meM kahA gayA hai-'yahA~ eka zAstA sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, azeSa jJAna-darzana-sampanna hone kA dAvA karatA hai-calate, khar3e rahate, sote, jAgate, sadAsarvadA mujhe jJAna-darzana pratyupasthita rahatA hai / to bhI vaha sUne ghara meM jAtA hai aura vahA~ bhikSA pAtA, kukkura bhI kATa khAtA hai, caNDa hAthI se bhI usakA sAmanA ho jAtA hai, caNDa ghor3e aura caNDa baila se bhI sAmanA ho jAtA hai| sarvajJa hone para bhI strI-puruSoM ke nAma-gotra pUchatA hai, grAma-nigama kA nAma aura mArga pUchatA hai| Apa sarvajJa hokara yaha kyA janatA dvArA prazna kiye jAne para, vaha kahatA hai-sUne ghara meM jAnA bhavitavyatA thI, isalie / bhikSA na milanA bhavitavyatA thI, isalie na milii| kukkura kA kATanA, hAthI se milanA, ghor3e aura baila se milanA bhI bhavitavyatA thI; ataH vaisA huaa|"2 ukta AkSepoM kI mImAMsA meM jAnA yahA~ viSayAnugata nahIM hogA / yahA~ to kevala itanA hI abhipreta hai ki kaivalya aura bodhi eka paribhASA meM nahIM samA pAte / jainoM kI sarvajJatA bauddhoM ke lie eka prazna cihna hI rahI hai| sarvajJatA kA prazna vartamAna yuga meM mUlataH hI vivAdAspada bana rahA hai| navIna dhAraNAoM meM mahAvIra kI sarvajJatA uppanneha vA, vigameha vA. dhuvehavA' kI upalabdhi aura buddha kI bodhi yat sat tat kSaNika ke viveka-lAbha meM samAhita ho jAtI hai| 1. avadhijJAna hI pAtra-bheda ke kAraNa vibhaMga-jJAna kahA jAtA hai| 2. majjhima nikAya, majjhima paNNAsaka, paribbAjaka vagga, sandaka sutt| 3. bhagavatI, zataka 5, uddezaka 6, sUtra 225 / ____ 2010_05

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10 bhikSa-saMgha aura usakA vistAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma-saMgha meM 14000 sAdhu aura 36000 sAdhviyAM batAI gaI haiN| bhagavAna buddha ke dharma-saMgha meM bhikSu aura bhikSuNiyAM kitanI thIM, yaha nizcita aura ekarUpa batA pAnA kaThina hai| bodhi-lAbha ke kucha samaya pazcAta hI jaba ve sarvaprathama rAjagaha meM Aye 1063 bhikSu unake sAtha the, aisA ullekha milatA hai| sAriputta aura moggllAna 250 parivrAjakoM ke parivAra se bauddha saMgha meM aura sammilita ho gaye / isa prakAra buddha ke rAjagRha prathama Agamana ke samaya kula saMkhyA 1345. ho gii| kapilavastu ke prathama gamana meM 20000 bhikSu unake sAtha the| lalita-vistara ke anusAra zrAvastI-gamana ke samaya 12000 bhikSu aura 32000 bodhisattva unake sAtha the| ___saMgha-vistAra kA kArya kaivalya aura bodhi-prApti ke sAtha-sAtha hI prArambha ho gayA thaa| sahasroM-sahasroM ke thoka (samUha) vividha ghaTanA-prasaMgoM ke sAtha dIkSita hue the| dIkSita hone vAloM meM bar3A bhAga vaidika paNDitoM, parivrAjakoM va kSatriya rAjakumAroM kA hotA thaa| donoM hI paramparAoM ke ye dIkSA-prasaMga bahuta hI adbhuta aura preraka haiN| kahIM-kahIM to ina ghaTanAoM meM vilakSaNa samAnatAeM bhI haiN| mahAvIra indrabhUti Adi gyAraha paNDitoM va cAra hajAra cAra-sau unake brAhmaNa ziSyoM ko dIkSita karate haiM / buddha uruvela Adi tIna jaTila nAyakoM ko unake eka hajAra ziSyoM sahita dIkSita karate haiN| indrabhUti eka hI ghaTanA-prasaMga se koDinna, dinna, sevAla; ina tIna tApasa-nAyakoM ko unake pandraha sau tApasa ziSyoM ke sAtha dIkSit karate haiN| __ mahAvIra apanI janma-bhUmi meM Akara pAMca sau vyaktiyoM ke parivAra se apane jAmAtA jamAli ko va pandraha sau ke parivAra se apanI putrI priyadarzanA ko dIkSita karate haiN| buddha kapilavastu-Agamana prasaMga meM dasa sahasra nAgarikoM va apane putra rAhula tathA mahA prajApati gautamI ke putra nanda ko dIkSita karate haiM / 1. uvavAI, sUtra 10 ; kappa sutta, sU0 134-35 / 2. bhagavAna baddha, pa0154 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] kyA saba kucha atizayokti ? bauddha vidvAn dharmAnanda kosambI bauddha bhikSuoM kI bar3hI car3hI ina saMkhyAoM ke bAre meM saMdigdhatA utpanna karate haiM / ve kahate haiM : "buddha ko vArANasI meM sATha bhikSu mile / GE***... bhikSu saMgha aura usakA vistAra ... rAjagRha taka bhagavAn buddha ko jo bhikSu mile, unakI saMkhyA kyA ina pandraha bhikSuoM se adhika thI ? buddha ko vArANasI meM sATha bhikSu mile, uruvelA jAte samaya rAste meM tIsa aura uruvelA meM eka hajAra' - isa prakAra kula milAkara 1093 bhikSuoM ke saMgha ke sAtha bhagavAn ne rAjagRha meM praveza kiyaa| vahAM sAriputta evaM moggallAna ke sAtha saMjaya parivrAjaka ke DhAI sau ziSya Akara bauddha saMgha meM Akara mila gae ; yAnI usa samaya bhikSu saMgha kI saMkhyA 1345 ho gaI thI / parantu itanA bar3A bhikSu saMgha buddha ke pAsa hone kA ullekha suttapiTaka meM kahIM nahIM miltaa| sAmaJJaphalasutta meM kahA gayA hai ki buddha bhagavAn parinirvANa se eka-do varSa pahale jaba rAjagRha gaye taba unake sAtha 1250 bhikSu the, parantu tafter ke dUsare ATha suMttoM meM bhikSu saMgha kI saMkhyA 500 dI gaI hai aura aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bhagavAn kI antima yAtrA meM bhI unake sAtha 500 bhikSu hI the / bhagavAn ke parinirvANa ke bAda rAjagRha meM bhikSuoM kI jo pahalI pariSad huI, usameM bhI 500 bhikSu hI the / ataH yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki bhagavAn ke parinirvANa taka bhikSu saMgha kI saMkhyA 500 se adhika nahIM huI thI / 175 "buddha bhagavAn parinirvANa ke bAda kadAcit isa saMkhyA ko bar3hA-car3hA kara batAne kA kArya zurU huA / lalita vistara ke zurU meM hI kahA gayA hai ki zrAvastI meM bhagavAn ke sAtha bAraha hajAra bhikSu evaM battIsa hajAra bodhisattva the / isa prakAra apane sampradAya kA mahattva bar3hAne ke lie usa samaya ke bhikSuoM ne pUrvakAlIna bhikSuoM kI saMkhyA bar3hAnI zurU kI aura mahAyAna paMtha ke granthakAroM ne to usameM cAhe jitane bodhisattvoM kI saMkhyA bar3hA dii| bauddha dharma kI avanati kA yahI pramukha kAraNa thaa| apane dharma evaM saMgha kA mahatva bar3hAne ke lie bauddha bhikSuoM ne be-sira-paira kI danta kathAeM gar3hanA zurU kara diyA aura brAhmaNoM ne unase bhI adhika adbhuta kathA gar3hakara bhikSuoM ko pUrI taraha harA diyA / "3 zrI kosambI ne apanI samIkSA meM ukta prakAra kI bhikSu saMkhyAoM ko nitAnta atizayokti pUrNa batAyA hai; para, lagatA hai, samIkSA karate hue ve svayaM ko bhI atizayokti se bacA nahIM sake / jaina aura bauddha avAntara granthoM meM atizayoktiyA~ kI gaI haiM, para, dIkSAsambandhI A~kar3oM ko nitAnta kAlpanika hI mAna lenA yathArtha nahIM lagatA / manuSya sadA hI vAtAvaraNa meM jItA hai aura pravAha meM calatA hai / mahAvIra aura buddha kA yuga AdhyAtmika utkarSa kA eka sarvocca kAla thA / usa yuga meM AdhyAtmikatA kI antima pahuMca thI - gRhamukti / zraddhA kA yuga thA / rAjA, rAjakumAra aura bar3e-bar3e ghanika usa rAste para aguA hokara cala 2010_05 1. paMcavargIya bhikSu, yaza aura usake cAra mitra, tIna kAzyapa bandhu aura saMjaya ke ziSya sAriputta tathA maudgallAna / 2. yahA~ 'eka hajAra tIna' honA cAhie; dekheM, bhagavAn buddha, pR0 151 / 3. bhagavAn buddha, pR0 153-54 /

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176 __ Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana rahe the| aisI sthiti meM vizeSa Azcarya kI bAta nahIM raha jAtI ki bahu-saMkhyaka loga ghara chor3a eka sAtha pravajita ho jAte hoN| astu, kucha bhI rahA ho, prastuta prakaraNa to donoM paramparAoM ke itihAsa, bhAva-bhASA Adi ko samajhane kA hI hai| prastuta prakaraNa meM donoM hI paramparAoM ke jo dIkSA-prasaMga die gae haiM, ve na to kramika haiM aura na samana hI haiM / cune hue mukhya-mukhya prasaMga yahAM saMgrahIta kie gaye haiN| nirgrantha dIkSAeM gyAraha gaNaSara somila brAhmaNa madhyama pAvApurI meM eka vizAla yajJa kA anuSThAna kara rahA thA / sAre zahara meM adbhuta cahala-pahala thii| yajJa meM bhAga lene ke lie dUra-dUra se suprasiddha vidvAn apane bRhat ziSya-parivAra se Ae the| indrabhUti, agnibhUti, vAyubhUti, vyakta, sudharmA, maNDita (maNDika), mauryaputra, akampita, acalabhrAtA, metArya aura prabhAsa, unameM pramukha the / indrabhUti, agnibhUti aura vAyubhUti gautama gotrI aura magadha deza ke gobara gAMva ke nivAsI the| tInoM hI caudaha vidyAoM meM pAraMgata the aura pratyeka ke pA~ca-pA~ca sau ziSya the| vyakta aura sudharmA kollAga sanniveza ke nivAsI the / vyakta bhAradvAja gotrI aura sudharmA agni vaizyAyana gautrI the| donoM ke hI pAMca-pAMca sau ziSya the| maNDita aura mauryapatra mauryasanniveza ke the| maNDita vAsiSTha aura mauryaputra kAzyapa gotrI the| donoM ke sADhe tIna-tIna sau ziSya the| akampita mithilA ke the aura gautama gautrI the| acalabhrAtA kauzala ke the aura unakA gautra hArita thaa| metArya kauzAmbI ke nikaTastha taMgika ke nivAsI the aura prabhAsa rAjagaha ke| donoM kauNDinya gotrI the| cAroM ke tIna-tIna sau ziSya the| yajJa ke vizAla Ayojana meM ina gyAraha hI vidvAnoM kI upasthiti ne cAra cAMda lagA diye| gyAraha hI vidvAn apane darzana ke adhikRta vyAkhyAtA, sUkSmatama rahasyoM ke anusaMdhAtA va apara darzanoM ke bhI jJAtA the ; kintu sabhI vidvAn kisI-na-kisI viSaya meM saMdigdha bhI the| ve itane dakSa the ki apanI AzaMkAoM ko apane ziSya-parivAra meM vyakta na hone dete the| unakI AzaMkAoM kA byaurA isa prakAra hai : 1. indrabhUti- AtmA kA astitva hai yA nahIM ? 2. agnibhUti- karma hai yA nahIM ? 3. vAyubhUti- jo jIva hai, vahI zarIra hai ? 4. vyakta paMcabhUta hai yA nahIM? 5. sudharmA- isa bhava meM jo jaisA hai, para bhava meM bhI vaha vaisA hI hotA hai ? 6. maNDita karmoM kA bandha va mokSa kaise hai ? 7. mauryaputra svarga hai yA nahIM? 8. akampita- naraka hai yA nahIM ? 6. acala bhrAtA- puNya-pApa hai yA nahIM? 10. metArya paraloka hai yA nahIM? 11. prabhAsa nirvANa hai yA nahIM ? ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] bhikSu-saMgha aura usakA vistAra 177 bhagavAna mahAvIra kaivalya prApti ke dUsare dina vahAM padhAre aura mahAsena udyAna meM tthhre| samavasaraNa kI racanA huii| nAgarika ahamahamikayA se udyAna kI ora bar3he jA rahe the| devoM meM bhI usa ora Ane ke lie pratispardhA-sI laga rahI thii| AkAza meM deva-vimAnoM ko dekhakara gyAraha hI vidvAn phUle nahIM samA rahe the / ve mana-hI-mana apanI vidvattA aura yajJAnuSThAna-vidhi kI saphalatA para atizaya praphullita ho rahe the| kintu, kucha hI kSaNoM meM unakA vaha prasAda viSAda meM badala gyaa| deva-vimAna yajJa-maNDala para na ruka kara udyAna kI ora bar3ha gaye / vidvAnoM ke mana meM khinnatA ke sAtha jijJAsA huI, ye vimAna kidhara gae ? yahAM aura kauna mahAmAnava AyA hai ? cAroM ora AdamI daudd'e| zIghra hI jJAta huA, yahAM sarvajJa mahAvIra Ae hue haiM / deva-gaNa unheM vandanA karane ke lie Aye haiN| indrabhUti ke mana meM vicAra huA : "mere jaise sarvajJa kI upasthiti meM yaha dUsarA sarvajJa yahAM kauna upasthita huA hai ? bhole manuSya ko to ThagA bhI jA sakatA hai, kintu, isane to devoM ko bhI Thaga liyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mere jaise sarvajJa ko chor3akara ve isa nae sarvajJa ke pAsa jA rahe haiN|" vicAramagna indrabhUti devatAoM ke bAre meM bhI saMdigva ho gae / unhoMne socA; sambhava hai, jaisA yaha sarvajJa hai, vaise hI ye deva hoN| kintu, kucha bhI ho, eka myAna meM do talavAra nahIM raha sktiiN| mere rahate hue koI dUsarA vyakti sarvajJatA kA dambha bhare, yaha mujhe svIkAra nahIM hai| mahAvIra ko vandana kara lauTate hue manuSyoM ko indrabhUti ne dekhA aura unase mahAvIra ke bAre meM nAnA prazna pUche-"kyA tumane usa sarvajJa ko dekhA hai ? kaisA hai vaha sarvajJa ? usakA svarUpa kaisA hai ?" indrabhUti ke prazna se prerita hokara janatA ne mahAvIra ke guNoM kI bhUri-bhUri vyAkhyA kii| indrabhUti ke adhyavasAya hue ---"vaha avazya hI koI kapaTa mUrti-aindrajAlika hai| usane janatA ko apane jAla meM acchI taraha phaMsAyA hai ; anyathA itane loga bhrama meM nahIM phaMsate / mere rahate hue koI vyakti isa taraha guruDama jamAye, yaha nahIM ho sakatA / mere samakSa bar3e-bar3e vAdiyoM kI tUtI banda ho gaI to yaha kaunasI hastI hai ? merI vidvattA kI itanI dhAka hai ki bahuta sAre vidvAn to apanI mAtRbhUmi chor3a kara bhAga khar3e hue| sarvajJatva kA ahaM bharane vAlA mere samakSa yaha kauna-sA kiMkara hai ?" __bhUmi para unhoMne apane paira se eka prahAra kiyA aura roSAruNa vahAM se utthe| mastaka para dvAdaza tilaka kie| svarNa yajJopavIta dhAraNa kiyaa| pIta vastra phne| darbhAsana aura kamaNDalu liyaa| pAMca sau ziSyoM se parivRtta indrabhUti vahAM se cale aura jahAM mahAvIra the, vahAM aae| mahAvIra ne indrabhUti ko dekhate hI kahA-"gautama gautrI indrabhUti ! tujhe jIvAtmA ke sambandha meM sandeha hai ; kyoMki ghaTa kI taraha AtmA pratyakSataH gRhIta nahIM hotI hai| terI dhAraNA hai ki jo atyanta apratyakSa hai, vaha isa loka meM AkAza-puSpa ke sadRza hI hai|" ___indrabhUti isa agamya sarvajJatA se prabhAvita hue| sudIrgha Atma-carcA se unakA manogata sandeha dUra huaa| apanI ziSya-maNDalI sahita unhoMne nirgrantha-pravrajyA svIkAra kii| eka-eka kara isI krama se dasoM brAhmaNa vidvAn aae| manogata zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna pAyA aura apanI-apanI maNDalI ke sAtha nirgrantha dharma meM dIkSita hue| mahAvIra ke zramaNa saMgha ____ 2010_05

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178 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 meM ve gaNadhara khlaae| isa prakAra mahavIra kA dharma saMgha cammAlIsa sau gyAraha brAhmaNadIkSAoM se prArambha huA / indrabhUti gautama ke nAma se prasiddhi pAe / sudharmA mahAvIra nirmANa ke pazcAt prathama paTTadhara bane / digambara mAnyatA ke anusAra gautama hI mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara the / ' candanabAlA bauddha saMgha meM kucha samaya taka strI-dIkSA varjita rahI / nirgrantha saMgha meM mahAvIra ke prathama samavasaraNa meM hI strI-dIkSAyeM huIM / candanabAlA prathama ziSyA thI aura vaha chattIsa hajAra ke bRhat zramaNI - saMgha meM bhI sadaiva pravartinI ( agraNI ) rahI / mahAvIra kA chaH mAsa kA tapa abhigraha mUlaka thA / unakA abhigraha thA : "drava se ur3ada ke bAkule hoM; zUrpa ke kone meM hoM ; kSetra se - dAtA kA eka paira dehalI ke andara va eka bAhara ho ; kAla se - bhikSAcarI kI atikrAMta belA ho ; bhAva se - rAjakanyA ho, dAsatva prApta ho, zrRMkhalA-baddha ho ; sira se muNDita ho, rudana karatI ho, tIna dina kI uposita ho ; aise saMyoga meM mujhe bhikSA lenA hai / anyathA chaH mAsa taka mujhe bhikSA nahIM lenA hai / " chaH mAsa meM jaba pA~ca dina avaziSTa the, taba candanabAlA ke hAthoM yaha abhigraha pUrA huA / candanabAlA kI jIvana-gAthA Adi madhya va anta meM bahuta hI ghaTanAtmaka hai / vaha campA ke rAjA dadhivAhana va dhAriNI kI ikalautI kanyA thI / usake do nAma the-- candanabAlA aura vasumatI / lAr3a-pyAra meM hI usakA zaizava biitaa| kauzAmbI ke rAjA zatAnIka ne eka bAra jala-mArga se senA lekara binA sUcita kiye eka hI rAta meM campA ko ghera liyA / pUrva sajjA ke abhAva meM dadhivAhana kI hAra huii| zatAnIka ke sainikoM ne nirbhaya hokara do prahara taka campA ke nAgarikoM ko yatheccha luuttaa| eka rathika rAjamahaloM meM phuNcaa| vaha rAnI dhAriNI aura rAjakumArI candanabAlA ko apane ratha meM baiThA kara bhAga nikalA / zatAnIka vijayI hokara kauzAmbI lauTa AyA / rathika dhAriNI aura candanabAlA ko lekara nirjana araNya meM pahu~ca gyaa| vahA~ usane rAnI ke sAtha balAtkAra kA prayatna kiyA / rAnI ne use bahuta samajhAyA, kintu, usakI savikAra manobhAvanA kA pariSkAra na ho sakA / jaba vaha maryAdA kA atikramaNa kara rAnI kI ora bar3ha hI AyA to usane apane satItva kI rakSA ke nimitta jIbha khIMca kara prANoM kI Ahuti de dI aura rathika kI duzceSTA ko sarvathA 1. gaNadharavAda ; Avazyaka niyukti, gA0 17 65 ke AdhAra para / 2. sAmI ya imaM etArUvaM abhiggahaM abhigeNhati, cauvvihaM davvato 4, davvato kuMmAse suppakoNeNaM, khittao eluyaM vikkhaMbhaittA, kAlao niyattesu bhikkhAyaresu, bhAvato jadi rAyaghUyA dAsattaNaM pattANiyalabaddhA muMDiyasirA royamANI aTThabhattiyA, evaM kappati, sesaMNa kappati, kAlo ya posabahula pADivao / evaM abhiggahaM gheNaM kosaMbIe acchati / - Avazyaka cUrNi, prathama bhAga, patra 316-317; Avazyaka niryukti, malayagirivRtti patra saM 24-265; zrI kalpasUtrArtha prabodhinI, pR0 154 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] bhikSu-saMgha aura usakA vistAra 176. viphala kara diyaa| rAnI kI isa mArmika mRtyu ne rathika ke netra khola diye aura candanabAlA ko bhI eka jIvanta zikSA mila gii| rathika kauzAmbI lauTa AyA candanabAlA ko usane eka dAsI kI bhA~ti bAjAra meM beca diyaa| pahale use eka vezyA ne kharIdA aura vezyA se dhanAvaha seTha ne / candanabAlA seTha ke ghara eka dAsI kI bhA~ti rahane lgii| usake vyavahAra meM rAja-kanyA kA koI pratibimba nahIM thaa| usakA vyavahAra saba ke sAtha candana kI taraha atizaya zItala thA; ataH taba se usakA candanA nAma ati vizruta ho gyaa| candanabAlA pratyeka kArya ko apanI cAturI se vizeSa AkarSaka banA detii| vaha atizaya zramazIlA thI; ataH sabako hI bhA gii| usakI lokapriyatA para sabhI dAsa-dAsI mugdha the| kArya kI pracuratA vyaktitva kI zAlInatA ko AvRtta nahIM kara sktii| candanabAlA yuvatI huI / usake pratyeka avayava meM saundarya nikhara uThA / seThAnI mUlA ko usake lAvaNya se DAha hone lgii| seTha kahIM ise apanI sahamiNI na banA le; yaha usake tana meM bhaya thaa| candanabAlA ke pratyeka kArya ko vaha pratikSaNa ghUra-cUra kara dekhatI rahatI thii| candanabAlA ne isa ora kabhI dhyAna nahIM diyaa| vaha seTha aura seThAnI ko mAtA-pitA hI mAnatI aura unake sAtha eka dAsI kI bhA~ti rhtii| usane kabhI yaha vyakta bhI nahIM hone diyA ki vaha eka rAjakumArI hai| seTha eka dina kisI gA~va se yAtrA kara lauTA / dopahara kA samaya ho cukA thaa| padayAtrA ke zrama se va bhUkha-pyAsa se vaha atyanta klAnta ho gayA thaa| ghara pahu~cate hI vaha paira dhone ke lie baiThA / candanabAlA pAnI lekara aaii| seTha paira dhone lagA aura vaha dhulAne lgii| candanabAlA ke keza sahasA bhUmi para bikhara pdd'e| kIcar3a meM ve sana na jAye, isa uddezya se seTha ne unheM uThAyA aura usakI pITha para rakha diyaa| jharokhe meM baiThI mUlA kI vakra dRSTi usa samaya candanabAlA aura seTha para pdd'ii| use apanI AzaMkA satya pramANita hotI huI dikhAI dii| usake zarIra meM Aga-sI laga gii| usa kSaNa se hI usane candanabAlA ke viruddha SaDyantra kI yojanA Arambha kara dii| seTha Aye dina apane vyavasAya ke kAma se dehAtoM meM jAtA rahatA thaa| eka dina jaba vaha dehAta gayA, pIche se mUlA ne candanabAlA ko pakar3A aura sira muMDana kara, pairoM ko ber3I se jakar3a kara use bhauMhare meM DAla diyaa| ghara banda kara svayaM pIhara calI gii| seTha ko tIna dina laga gye| jaba vaha lauTA to use ghara banda milA / use Azcarya huA aura khinnatA bhI huii| bAhara kA dvAra kholakara seTha ghara meM gyaa| sabhI kamaroM ke daravAjoM para tAle lage hue the| eka-eka kara seTha ne sabhI kamaroM ko sNbhaalaa| ghUmatA huA vaha nIce bhauMhare ke pAsa bhI jA phuNcaa| vahA~ use kisI ke sisakane kI AvAja sunAI dii| usane karuNa svara meM pUchA"kauna candanA?" ghargharAe svara se uttara milA-"hA~, pitAjI ! maiM hI huuN|" seTha ke duHkha kA pAra na rahA / usane candanabAlA ko jaise-taise bAhara nikaalaa| ruMdhate hue gale se pUchA"beTI ! tere sAtha yaha bartAva kisane kiyA ?" candanabAlA phira bhI zAnta thii| usane apane dhairya ko nahIM khoyA / bolI-"pitAjI ! mere hI azubha karmoM kA yaha paripAka hai|" 2010_05

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180 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 candanabAlA tIna dina se bhUkhI thii| usane vilakhate hue kahA- pitAjI ! kucha khAne ko deN| seTha tatkAla ghara meM aayaa| rasoI ko tAlA lagA huA thaa| idhara-udhara khojane para use zUrpa meM par3e ur3ada ke sUkhe bAkule mile / seTha unheM lekara candanabAlA ke pAsa aayaa| AzvAsana ke sAtha usane ve bAkUle zapa-sahita candanabAlA ke hAtha meM rakhe / seTha ne kahA"beTI ! eka bAra tU inheM khA / maiM terI zRGkhalAyeM tor3ane kA prabandha karatA huuN|" / seTha vahA~ se claa| candanabAlA sisakatI huI dvAra taka pahuMca gaI / pairoM se jakar3A huI sira se muNDita, tIna dina kI bhUkhI candanabAlA zUrpa meM ur3ada ke sUkhe bAkule lie akelI duHkhamagna baiThI thii| sahasA vicAra AyA, yadi isa samaya kisI nirgrantha kA yoga mile, to maiM yaha rukhA-sUkhA dAna dekara kRtakRtya ho jaauuN| usake bhAgya ne use sahArA diyaa| abhigrahadhArI bhagavAn mahAvIra akasmAt vahA~ padhAre / unake abhigraha ko pAMca mahIne paccIsa dina pUre ho rahe the / apane dvAra para bhAvI tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ko dekhakara candanabAlA pulaka utthii| usakA sArA duHkha rAkha meM badala gyaa| harSAtireka se usane prArthanA kI--"prabho ! isa prAsaka anna ko grahaNa kara merI bhAvanA pUrNa kreN|" mahAvIra avadhijJAnI the| unhoMne apane abhigraha kI pUrNatA kI ora dhyAna diyaa| usakI pUrti meM kevala eka bAta avaziSTa thii| candanabAlA kI A~khoM meM AMsU nahIM the / mahAvIra vApisa mur3a gye| candanabAlA ko apratyAzita duHkha huaa| vaha ro pdd'ii| mahAvIra ne mur3akara eka bAra candanabAlA kI ora dekhaa| unakA abhigraha aba pUrNa ho cukA thA / bar3hate hue kadama ruke aura dUsare hI kSaNa candanabAlA kI ora bar3ha cale / jharatI A~khoM se aura harSAtireka se candanabAlA ne mahAvIra ko ur3ada ke sUkhe bAkale bhraaye| maha vIra ne vahA~ pAraNA kiyaa| AkAza meM 'ahodAnaM ahodAna' kI deva-dundubhi baja utthii| pA~ divya prakaTa hae / sAr3he bAraha karor3a svarNa-mudrAoM kI vRSTi huii| candanabAlA kA saundarya atizaya nikhara utthaa| usakI loha-zRGkhalA svarNa-AbhUSaNoM meM parivartita ho gii| sarvatra satItva kI yazogAthA gAI jAne lgii| zatAnIka rAjA kI patnI mRgAvatI candanabAlA kI mausI thii| rAjA aura rAnI ne jaba yaha udanta sunA, candanabAlA ko rAjamahaloM meM bulA liyaa| vivAha karane ke lie Agraha kiyA, para, vaha isake lie prastuta nahIM huii| kevalajJAna prApta kara jaba mahAvIra madhyama pAvA padhAre, taba candanabAlA unake samavazaraNa meM dIkSita huii| isI avasara para anekAneka puruSa zrAvaka bane tathA mahilAeM zrAvikAeM sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka, zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha tIrtha kI sthApanA huI, jisase ki mahAvIra tIrthaGkara kahalAe / ' meghakumAra medhakumAra rAjA zreNika kA putra thaa| ATha kanyAoM ke sAtha usakA pANi-grahaNa kiyA gyaa| tIrthaGkara mahAvIra rAjagRha aaye| rAjA zreNika saparivAra darzanArtha aayaa| mahAvIra kI preraka dezanA sunakara pariSad nagara ko lauTa aaii| zreNika bhI rAja-mahaloM meM lauTa AyA / meghakumAra ke mana meM mahAvIra ke upadeza ne eka abhinava cetanA jAgRta kara dii| vaha 1. Avazyaka cUNi, bhAga-1 / . ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] bhikSu sagha aura usakA vistAra z saMsAra se parAGmukha hokara sAdhu-caryA ko svIkAra karanA cAhatA thA / pitA zreNika aura mAtA dhAraNI ke pAsa Akara usane karabaddha kahA- "Apa ne cirakAla taka merA lAlana-pAlana kiyA hai / maiM Apako kevala zrama dene vAlA hI rahA hU~ / kintu, maiM Apa se eka prArthanA karanA cAhatA hU~; isa duHkhada jagat se maiM Uba gayA hU~ / bhagavAn mahAvIra yahA~ padhAre haiN| yadi Apa anumati deM, to maiM unake caraNoM meM sAdhu-dharma svIkAra kara lU~ / " zreNika aura dhAriNI ne sAdhu-jIvana kI duSkaratA ke bAre meM meghakumAra ko nAnA prakAra se samajhAyA, kintu, vaha apane vicAroM para dRr3ha rahA / usane nAnA yuktiyoM se uttara dekara mAtA-pitA ko Azvasta kara diyA ki vaha bhAvukatA va Aveza se sAdhu nahIM bana rahA hai| rAjA zreNika ne antataH eka prastAva rakhate hue kahA - " vatsa ! tU saMsAra se udvigna hai; ataH rAjya, aizvarya, parivAra Adi tujhe lubhA nahIM sakate / kintu, merI eka abhilASA hai / tujhe vaha pUrNa karanI caahie| maiM cAhatA hU~, kama-se-kama eka dina ke lie magadha kA yaha rAjya bhAra tU saMbhAla / yadi tU aisA kara sakegA to mujhe zAnti prApta hogI / " meghakumAra ne zreNika ke isa prastAva ko svIkAra kara liyA / samArohapUrvaka usakA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyA gyaa| sAre magadha meM khuziyA~ manAI gaIM / rAjA zreNika pUrNataH tRpta ho gayA / usane meghakumAra ko vatsalatA kI dRSTi se nihArA aura pUchA - " vatsa ! maiM aba tere lie kyA kara sakatA hU~ ?" meghakumAra ne savinaya kahA - ' - "pitRvara ! yadi Apa mere para prasanna haiM to kutrikApaNa se mujhe rajoharaNa, pAtra Adi maMgavA deN| maiM aba sAdhu bananA cAhatA hU~ / zreNika ne tadanusAra saba vyavasthA kI / eka lAkha svarNa mudrA se rajoharaNa maMgAyA aura eka lAkha svarNa mudrA se pAtra / rAjyAbhiSeka mahotsava kI taraha hI meghakumAra kA abhiniSkramaNa mahotsava bhI ullekhanIya rUpa se manAyA gyaa| mahAvIra ke dvArA bhAgavatI dIkSA grahaNa kara meghakumAra sAdhu-caryA meM lIna ho gayA / nandIsena nandIsena rAjA zreNika kA putra thaa| eka bAra mahAvIra rAjagRha Aye / rAjA aura rAja-parivAra ke anya sadasyoM ke sAtha nandIsena bhI mahAvIra ke darzana karane tathA pravacana sunane ke lie gayA / hajAroM manuSyoM kI pariSad meM mahAvIra kA pravacana huA aura praznottara hue| pravacana se prabhAvita ho, jahA~ saiMkar3oM vyakti samyaktvI va dezavratI hue, vahA~ nandIsena sarvavratI (sAdhu) hone ko tatpara huA / rAja-mahaloM kI manohatya moga sAmagrI ko chor3akara akiJcana nirgrantha banane ke rAjakumAra ke saMkalpa kA sarvatra svAgata huA / kintu, sahasA eka AkAzavANI huI- "rAjakumAra ! apane nirNaya para punaH cintana kro| tumhAre bhogya karma abhI avaziSTa haiM / ve nikAcita haiM / tumheM bhogane hI pdd'eNge| tumhArA saMkalpa uttama hai, para, una bhogya karmoM kI tuma upekSA nahIM kara sakoge / ' 1. NAyA dhammakahAo, a0 1 ke AdhAra se / 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 ke rAjakumAra mana-hI-mana ha~sA / vaha vairAgya se pUrNataH mAvita ho rahA thA / sAhasa sAtha bolA "jyoti ke samakSa kyA kabhI nibir3a tama kA astitva Tika pAyA hai ? havA ke jhoMkoM ke sammukha ghumar3ate aura kajarAre bAdala apanA astitva kitane samaya sthira rakha pAe haiM ? maiM dIkSita hote hI jaba ghora tapazcaryA karU~gA, kauna se karma kitane dina raha pAe~ge ? bhaviSya kA AdhAra vartamAna ke atirikta kahA~ ho sakatA hai ? maiM apane pratyeka kSaNa ko sAvadhAnIpUrvaka tapazcaryA ke sAtha svAdhyAya, dhyAna aura kAyotsarga meM niyojita karU~gA / kisI bhI aniSTa kI AzaMkA ko vahA~ sthAna hI nahIM rahane dUMgA / " 182 anukUla va pratikUla sahayoga kI upekSA karatA huA dRr3hapratijJa nandIsena bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samavazaraNa meM pahu~cA aura utkaTa vairAgya ke sAtha dIkSita ho gayA / aniSTa kI sambhAvanA vyakti ko pratikSaNa jAgarUka rakhatI hai / nandIsena deva-vANI ko anyathA pramANita karane ke lie tapazcaraNa meM lIna ho gayA / usane apane hRSTa-puSTa va tejasvI zarIra ko atyanta kuza va kAMti vihIna kara diyA / kevala asthiyoM kA DhA~cA hI dikhAI detA thA / vaha sarvathA ekAnta meM rahatA aura Atma-svarUpa kA hI cintana karatA / pakSa pakSa, mAsa-mAsa kI tapasyA ke anantara eka bAra bastI meM gocarI ke lie jAtA aura punaH zIghra hI Akara apane adhyAtma-cintana meM lIna ho jAtA thA / isase use tapojanya bahuta sArI labdhiyA~ prApta ho gaI / satkArya karate hue bhI vyakti kabhI-kabhI apane mArga se cyuta ho jAtA hai aura anAlocita cakra meM pha~sa jAtA hai / nandIsena eka dina gocarI ke lie bastI meM AyA / saMyogavaza vaha eka gaNikA ke ghara pahu~ca gayA / ghara meM use eka mahilA milii| usane apanI sahaja vANI meM pUchA - "kyA mere yogya yahA~ AhAra mila sakatA hai ?" gaNikA ne bhauMr3I zakla aura dIna avasthA meM nandIsena ko dekhakara tapAka se uttara de diyA" jisake pAsa sampatti kA bala hai, usake lie yahA~ saba kucha mila sakatA hai, kintu jo daridra hai, vaha mere jIne meM bhI paira nahIM rakha sakatA / " vezyA ke kathana se nandIsena kA ahaM jAgRta ho gyaa| usake mana meM AyA, isane mujhe nahIM pahacAnA / mere tapaHprabhAva se yaha anabhijJa hai / avasara A gayA hai; ataH kucha paricaya mujhe denA caahie| nandIsena ne bhUmi para par3A eka tinakA utthaayaa| use tor3A / tatkAla svarNamudrAyeM barasa par3IM / vezyA ne nandIsena kI ora dekhA aura nandIsena ne vezyA kI ora / vaha eka bAra samajha nahIM pAI ki yaha svapna hai yA vAstavikatA, kintu, usane bar3I paTutA se sthiti ko sambhAlA / tatkSaNa Age AI aura nandIsena ko apane prati anurakta karane ke lie vividha prayatna karane lagI / yaha anurAga aura virAga kA spaSTa saMgharSa thA / eka ora varSoM kI kaThora sAdhanA thI aura dUsarI ora do kSaNa kA madhura vyavahAra / nandIsena apanI sAdhanA ko bhUla gayA / usane vezyA dvArA rakhA gayA sahavAsa kA prastAva svIkAra kara liyA / sAdhanA se vicalita hotA huA nandIsena kucha samaya AkarSaNa aura vikarSaNa ke jhUle meM jhUlatA rahA / usane usa samaya eka pratijJA kI "prati dina dasa vyaktiyoM ko pratibodha dekara pravrajyA ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samavazaraNa meM bhejUMgA / jaba taka yaha kArya na ho jAegA, taba taka bhojana nahIM karU~gA / " nandIsena apanI pratijJA para dRr3ha rahA / vaha pratidina dasa-dasa vyaktiyoM ko nirgrantha dharma 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] bhikSu-saMgha aura usakA vistAra 183 ke prati zraddhAzIla banAtA aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samavazaraNa meM phuNcaataa| pratijJA pUrNa hone para hI vaha bhojana krtaa| eka dina nau vyaktiyoM ko to vaha pratibodha de cukA thaa| dasavA~ vyakti svarNakAra thaa| vaha pratibuddha nahIM ho rahA thaa| bahuta dera laga gii| pratIkSA karatI vezyA vyagra ho utthii| usane Akara bhojana ke lie khaa| nandIsena ne kahA-"dasaveM vyakti ko binA samajhAye maiM bhojana kaise karU~ !" vezyA jhuMjhalAkara bola par3I-"aisI bAta hai, to svayaM hI dasaveM kyoM nahIM bana jAte ?" nandIsena ko bAta laga gaI / vezyA dekhatI hI rahI / vaha vahA~ se mahAvIra ke samavazaraNa meM A punaH dIkSita huaa|' RSabhadatta-devAnandA rAjagRha meM terahavA~ varSA vAsa samApta kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne videha kI ora prasthAna kiyA / mArgavartI brAhmaNakuNDa grAma pdhaare| usake nikaTavartI bahuzAla caitya meM tthhre| isI grAma meM zRSabhadatta brAhmaNa rahatA thaa| usakI patnI kA nAma devAnandA thaa| mahAvIra ke Agamana kA saMvAda yAma meM vidyuta kI taraha phaila gyaa| RSabhadatta apanI patnI ke sAtha mahAvIra ko vandana karane ke lie claa| jaba vaha unake nikaTa pahuMcA, pAMca abhigamoM se yukta huaa| usane sacitta kA tyAga kiyA, vastroM ko vyavasthita kiyA, uttarAsaMga kiyA aura baddhAMjali hokara mAnasika vRttiyoM ko ekAna kiyaa| tIna bAra AdakSiNA pradakSiNApUrvaka vandanA kI aura dezanA sunane ke lie baiTha gyaa| devAnandA ne bhI RSabhadatta kI bhA~ti pA~ca abhigamanapUrvaka vandanA kI aura dezanA sunane ke lie baiTha gaI / mahAvIra kI ora jyoM-jyoM vaha dekhatI thI, atyanta romAMcita hotI jA rahI thii| usakA vakSa ubharA jA rahA thA / A~khoM se harSa ke AMsU umar3e jA rahe the| use svayaM ko bhI patA na cala rahA thA ki yaha saba kyA ho rahA hai ? akasmAt usakI kaMcukI TUTI aura usake stanoM se dUdha kI dhArA baha niklii| gaNadhara gautama ne isa abhUtapUrva dRzya ko dekhaa| unake mana meM sahaja jijJAsA huii| vandanA kara bhagavAn mahAvIra se unhoMne pUchA-"bhante ! devAnandA Aja itanI romAMcita kyoM huI ? usake stana se dugdha-dhArA bahane kA vizeSa nimitta kyA banA?" bhagavAn mahAvIra ne uttara diyA-gautama ! devAnandA merI mAtA hai| maiM isakA putra huuN| putra-sneha ke kAraNa hI yaha romAJcita huI hai|" azrutapUrva isa udanta se sabhI vismita hue| gaNadhara gautama ne agalA prazna kiyA"ante ! Apa to rAnI trizalA ke aGgajAta haiM ?' ___bhagavAn mahAvIra ne garma parivartana kI apanI sArI ghaTanA sunAI / taba taka vaha ghaTanA saba ke lie ajJAta hI thii| RSamadatta aura devAnandA ke harSa kA pArAvAra nahIM rhaa| __bhagavAn mahAvIra ne RSabhadatta, devAnandA aura vizAla pariSad ko dharmopadeza diyaa| sabhI zrotA sunakara atyanta harSita hue| RSabhadatta khar3A huaa| usane bhagavAn se prArthanA kI ----"bhante ! Apake dharma meM merI zraddhA hai| mujhe yaha rucikara hai| yaha dharma bhava-bhramaNa kA anta karane vAlA hai| ataH maiM ise svIkAra karanA cAhatA huuN| maiM pravajita hokara kRtsna karmoM kA 1. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritram, parva 10, sarga 6 ke AdhAra se| 2010_05

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184 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 kSaya karanA cAhatA huuN|" vaha tatkAla vahA~ se uThA / IzAna dizA meM gyaa| AbharaNa, alaMkAra Adi kA vyutsarjana kiyA / paJca muSTi luMcana kiyaa| prabhu ke caraNoM meM upasthita huaa| tIna bAra AdakSiNA-pradakSiNApUrvaka vandanA kI aura dIkSita hokara bhagavAn ke saMgha meM praviSTa ho gyaa|' devAnandA bhI RSabhadatta ke sAtha hI pravrajita huI aura pravartinI candanabAlA ke netRtva meM rahane lgii| jamAli-priyavarzanA kSatriyakuNDa grAma meM jamAli nAmaka kSatriyakumAra rahatA thaa| vaha atyanta aizvaryazAlI thaa| vaha mahAvIra kI bahina sudarzanA kA putra thA; ataH unakA bhANeja thA aura mahAvIra kI putrI priyadarzanA kA pati thA; ataH unakA jAmAtA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra grAmAnugrAma vihAra karate kSatriya kuNDapura nagara meM aaye| samavazaraNa lagA / nagara ke nara-nArI eka hI dizA meM cala pdd'e| jamAli kSatriyakumAra bhI vandanArtha samavazaraNa meM AyA / mahAvIra ne mahatI pariSad meM dezanA dii| jamAlikumAra pratibuddha huaa| usane mahAvIra ke sammukha ho nivedana kiyA, "bhagavan ! mujhe nirgrantha pravacana rucikara pratIta huA hai, satya pratIta huA hai| maiM agAra dharma se anagAra dharma meM praviSTa honA cAhatA huuN|" mahAvIra ne kahA-jahA suhaM-jaise sukha ho, vaise karo, vilamba mata kro| jamAlikumAra rAjaprAsAda meM aayaa| mAtA-pitA se apane mana kI bAta khii| mAtA-pitA putra-viraha ke AzaMkita bhaya se ro pdd'e| putra ko bahuta prakAra se samajhAyA, para, saba vyartha / antata: mAtApitA sahamata hue| dIkSA-samAroha rcaa| AzIrvAdAtmaka jaya-ghoSoM ke sAtha sahasroM nAgarikoM ne usakI vardhApanA kii| jamAlikumAra va mAtA-pitA ke vinamra nivedana para mahAvIra ne use bhikSu-saMgha dIkSita kiyaa| pAMca sau anya kSatriyakumAra bhI usake sAtha dIkSita hue| usakI patnI arthAt mahAvIra kI putrI priyadarzanA bhI eka hajAra anya kSatriya mahilAoM ke sAtha dIkSita huii|4 1. dIkSA ke bAda-RSabhadatta ne gyAraha aMgoM kA samyak adhyayana kiyA / cha8, aTThama, dazama Adi aneka vidha tapa kA anuSThAna kiyA aura bahuta varSoM taka AtmA ko bhAvita karatA huA sAdhu-paryAya meM ramaNa karatA rahA / antima mamaya meM eka mAsa kI saMlekhanA aura anazana se mokSa-pada prApta kiyaa| 2. dIkSA ke bAda-devAnandA ne bhI gyAraha aMgoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| nAnA tapasyAoM meM apanI AtmA ko bhAvita karatI huI vaha saba karmoM kA kSaya kara mukta huii| -bhagavatI, za06, u0 33 ke AdhAra se| 3. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, saTIka, patra 635 / 4. jamAli kI dIkSA bhagavatI, za0 6, u0 33; priyadarzanA kI dIkSA triSaSTizalAkA puruSacaritrama, parva 10, sarga 8 ke AdhAra se| jamAli-sambandhI Age kA varNana dekheM, virodhI ziSya, prakaraNa ke antargata 'jmaali| 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] jayantI bhikSu saMgha aura usakA vistAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vaizAlI se vatsadeza kI ora vihAra kiyA / kauzAmbI vahA~ kI rAjadhAnI thI / vahA~ candrAvataraNa caitya meM padhAre / sahastrAnIka kA pautra, zatAnIka kA putra, vaizAlI ke rAjA ceTaka kI putrI mRgAvatI kA putra rAjA udayana vahA~ rAjya karatA thA / zramaNopAsikA jayantI udayana kI buA thI / vaha sAdhuoM ke lie prathama zayyAtara ke rUpa meM prasiddha thI / kauzAmbI meM navya Agata sAdhu pahale pahala jayantI ke yahA~ hI vasati kI yAcanA karate the / I mahAvIra ke Agamana kA saMvAda sunakara jayantI apane putra ke sAtha vandanA karane AI / mahAvIra ne dharma dezanA dI / zramaNopAsikA jayantI ne upadeza sunA aura usake anantara kucha prazna pUche / usakA pahalA prazna thA - "bhante ! jIva zIghra hI gurutva ko kaise prApta hotA hai ?" mahAvIra - " jayantI ! 1. prANAtipAta 2. mRSAvAda, 3. adattAdAna, 4 maithuna, 5. parigraha, 6. krodha, 7. mAna, 5 mAyA, 6. lobha, 10. rAga, 11. dveSa, 12. kalaha, 13. abhyAkhyAna, 14, paizunya, 15. para-parivAra, 16. rati- arati 17. mAyAmRSA aura 18. mithyAdarzana - ye aThAraha doSa pApa haiM; jinake Asevana se jIva zIghra hI gurutva ko prApta hotA hai / " jayantI - "bhagavan ! AtmA laghutva ko kaise prApta hotI hai ?" mahAvIra - " prANAtipAta Adi ke anAsevana se AtmA laghutva ko prApta hotI hai / prANAtipAta Adi kI pravRtti se AtmA jisa prakAra saMsAra ko bar3hAtI hai, pralamba karatI hai, saMsAra meM bhramaNa karatI hai; usI prakAra unakI nivRtti se saMsAra ko ghaTAtI hai, hrasva karatI hai aura usakA ullaMghana kara detI hai / " nahIM / " 185 jayantI - "bhante ! mokSa prApta karane kI yogyatA jIva ko svabhAva se prApta hotI hai yA pariNAma se ?" mahAvIra - "mokSa prApta karane kI yogyatA jIva ko svabhAva se hotI hai, pariNAma se jayantI - "kyA saba bhava- siddhika AtmAe~ mokSagAminI haiM ?" mahAvIra - "hA~, jo bhava- siddhika haiM, ve saba mokSagAminI haiM / "1 jayantI - "bhagavan ! yadi bhava-siddhika jIva saba mukta ho jAyeMge, to kyA yaha saMsAra una se rahita nahIM ho jAyegA ?" mahAvIra - " jayantI ! aisA nahIM hai / sAdi va ananta tathA donoM ora se parimita va dUsarI zreNiyoM se parivRtta sarvAkAza kI zreNI meM se eka-eka paramANu pudgala prati-samaya nikAlane para ananta utsarpiNI-avasarpiNI vyatIta ho jAye, phira bhI vaha zreNI rikta nahIM hotI / isI prakAra bhava-siddhika jIvoM ke mukta hone para bhI yaha saMsAra unase rikta nahIM hogA / " jayantI - "jIva sotA huA acchA hai yA jagatA huA ?" mahAvIra - "kucha eka jIvoM kA sonA acchA hai aura kucha eka kA jaganA / " jayantI - "bhante ! yaha kaise ?" 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 mahAvIra-"jayantI ! jo jIva adhArmika haiM, adharma kA hI anusaraNa karate hai, jinheM adharma hI priya hai, jo adharma kI hI vyAkhyA karate haiM, jo adharma ke hI prekSaka haiM, adharma meM hI Asakta haiM, adharma meM hI harSita haiM aura jo adharma se hI apanI jIvikA calAte haiM; unakA sonA hI acchA hai| aise jIva jaba sote rahate haiM, to prANa-bhUta-jIva-sattva-samudAya ke zoka aura paritApa kA kAraNa nahIM banate / aise jIva mote rahate haiM, to unakI apanI aura dUsaroM kI bahuta-sI adhArmika saMyojanA nahIM hotI, ataH aise jIvoM kA sonA hI acchA hai / "aura he jayantI ! jo jIva dhArmika, dharmAnusArI, dharma-priya, dharma-vyAkhyAtA, dharma prekSaka, dharmAsakta, dharma meM harSita aura dharmajIvI haiM ; unakA jaganA hI acchA hai| aise jIva jagate hue bahuta sAre prANiyoM ke adu:kha aura aparitApa ke lie kArya karate haiN| aise jIva jAgata hoM, to apane aura dUsaroM ke lie dhArmika saMyojanA ke nimitta banate haiM; ataH unakA jagate rahanA acchA hai|| "isI abhiprAya se kucha eka jIvoM kA sote rahanA acchA hai aura kucha eka kA jagate rhnaa|" jayantI-"bhagavAn ! jIvoM kI durbalatA acchI hai yA sabalatA?" mahAvIra-"kucha jIvoM kI sabalatA acchI hai aura kucha jIvoM kI durbalatA acchI jayantI-"bhante ! yaha kaise ?" mahAvIra.---. "jo jIva adhArmika haiM aura adharma se hI jIvikopArjana karate haiM, unakI durbalatA hI acchI hai| kyoMki unakI vaha durbalatA anya prANiyoM ke lie duHkha kA nimitta nahIM bntii| jo jIva dhArmika haiM, unakA sabala honA acchA hai / isIlie meM kahatA hU~ ki kucha kI durbalatA acchI hai aura kucha kI sbltaa|" jayantI-"kSamAzramaNa ! jIvoM kA dakSa va udyamI honA acchA hai yA AlasI honA?" mahAvIra-"kucha jIvoM kA udyamI honA acchA hai aura kucha kA AlasI honaa|" jayantI-"kSamAzramaNa ! yaha kaise ?" mahAvIra-"jo jIva adhArmika haiM aura adharmAnusAra hI vicaraNa karate haiM, unakA AlasI honA hI acchA hai / jo jIva dharmAcaraNa karate haiM, unakA udyamI honA hI acchA hai ; kyoMki dharmaparAyaNa jIva sAvadhAna hI hotA hai aura vaha AcArya, upAdhyAya, sthavira, tapasvI, glAna, zaikSa, gaNa, saMgha aura sArmika kI vaiyAvRtti karatA hai|" jayantI-"prabho ! zrotrendriya ke vazIbhUta pIr3ita jIva kyA karma bAMdhatA hai ?" mahAvIra-"kevala zrotrendriya ke hI nahIM, apitu, pAMcoM indriyoM ke vazIbhUta hokara jIva saMsAra meM bhramaNa karatA hai|" zramaNopAsikA jayantI mahAvIra se apane praznoM kA samAdhAna pAkara atyanta harSita huii| jIvAjIva kI vibhakti ko jAnakara usane mahAvIra ke caraNoM meM pravrajyA grahaNa kii|' 1. bhagavatI, za0 12, u02 ke AdhAra se| 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] kAzyapa bhikSu saMgha aura usakA vistAra rAjagRha meM kAzyapa gRhapati rahatA thA / usane mahAvIra ke pAsa sAdhu - vrata grahaNa kiyA / gyAraha aMgoM kA adhyayana kiyA / ghora tapa kA anuSThAna kiyA / solaha varSoM taka sAdhu-paryAya kA niraticAra pAlana karate hue vipula parvata para pAdopagamana anazana pUrvaka mokSa prApta kiyaa| 2 skandaka parivrAjaka rAjagRha ke guNazila caitya se prasthAna kara grAmAnugrAma viharaNa karate hue mahAvIra eka bAra kayaMgalA Aye / IzAnakoNa sthita chatrapalAzaka caitya meM Thahare / vahA~ bhagavAn kA samavazaraNa huA / kayaMgalA ke nikaTa zrAvastI nagara thA / vahA~ kAtyAyana gotrIya gardabhAla parivrAjaka kA ziSya skandaka parivrAjaka rahatA thA / vaha cAroM veda, itihAsa va nighaNTu kA jJAtA thA / SaSTitaMtra ( kApilIya zAstra ) kA vizArada thA / gaNitazAstra, zikSAzAstra, AcArazAstra, vyAkaraNazAstra, chandazAstra, vyutpattizAstra, jyotiSazAstra tathA anya brAhmaNa-nIti aura darzana - zAstra meM bhI vaha pAraMgata thA / usI nagara meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA zrAvaka piMgala nirgrantha rahatA thA | piMgala eka dina skandaka ke Azrama kI ora jA niklaa| usake samIpa jAkara usase nAnA prazna puuche| piMgala ne kahA - "mAgagha ! yaha loka sAnta hai yA ananta ? jIva sAnta hai yA ananta ? siddhi sAnta hai yA ananta ? siddha sAnta hai yA ananta ? kisa prakAra kA maraNa pAkara jIva saMsAra ko ghaTAtA aura bar3hAtA hai ?" 187 prazna sunate ho skandaka zaMkAzIla ho gayA / asamaMjasa meM tairatA - DUbatA rahA / uttara dene ko jyoM hI udyata hotA, usake mana meM AtA kyA uttara dUM? mere uttara se praznakartA santuSTa hogA yA nahIM ? vicAramagna skandaka uttara na de sakA / vaha mauna rhaa| piMgala ne sAkSepa apane prazna do-tIna bAra duharAye / zaMkita aura kAMkSita skandaka bola na sakA / use apane para avizvAsa ho gayA thA; ataH usakI buddhi skhalita ho gaI / skandaka ne janatA ke muMha se chatrapalAzaka meM mahAvIra ke Agamana kA vRtta sunA / mana meM vicAra AyA, kitanA sundara ho, yadi maiM mahAvIra ke pAsa jAU~ aura uparyukta praznoM kA samAdhAna karU~ / saMkalpa ko sudRr3ha kara vaha parivrAjakAzrama meM gayA / tridaNDa, kuNDI, rUdrAkSa - mAlA, mRtpAtra, Asana, pAtra pramArjana kA vastra khaNDa, trikASTikA, aMkuza, kuza kI mudrikA sadRza vastu, kalaI kA eka prakAra kA AbhUSaNa, chatra, upAnaha, pAdukA, gairika vastra Adi yathAsthAna dhAraNa kiye aura kayaMgalA kI ora prasthAna kiyA / -" gautama ! Aja tuma apane eka pUrva bhagavAn mahAvIra ne usI samaya gautama se kahAparicita ko dekhoge / " 2010_05 1. bauddha paramparA meM bhI kAzyapa nAma se eka mahAn bhikSu hue haiM / ve prathama saMgIti ke karNadhAra rahe haiM / nAma sAmya ke atirikta donoM meM koI ekarUpatA nahIM hai / 2. antagaDadasAo, varga 6 |

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188 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 gautama ne pUchA- "bhante ! maiM kisa pUrva paricita se milaMgA?" mahAvIra ne kahA-"kAtyAyana gotrIya skandaka parivrAjaka se|" gautama ne punaH prazna kiyA- "bhante ! vaha parivrAjaka mujhe kaba va kaise milegA ?" mahAvIra ne uttara diyA-zrAvastI meM piMgala nirgrantha ne usase kucha prazna pUche haiN| vaha uttara na de sakA; ataH apane tApasIya upakaraNoM ko sAtha lie yahA~ Ane ke lie prasthAna kara cukA hai| usane bahuta sArA mArga lA~gha diyA hai / vaha mArga ke bIca hai| zIghra hI vaha yahA~ pahu~ca jAyegA aura use tU Aja hI dekhegaa|" gautama-kyA usameM Apake ziSya hone kI yogyatA hai ?" mahAvIra-"hA~, usameM yaha yogyatA hai aura nizcita hI vaha merA ziSya ho jaayegaa|" mahAvIra aura gautama kA vArtAlApa cala hI rahA thA ki usI samaya skandaka parivrAjaka sAmane se AtA huA dRSTigocara huaa| gautama uThe, usake sAmane gaye aura bole"he skandaka ! tumhArA svAgata hai, susvAgata hai, anvAgata hai| mAgadha ! kyA yaha saca hai ki piMgala nirgrantha ne tumase kucha prazna pUche aura tuma unake uttara na de sake ; ataH yahA~ A rahe ho ?" gautama se apane mana kI gupta bAta suna skandaka parivrAjaka atyanta vismita huaa| usane pUchA- "gautama ! aisA vaha kauna jJAnI yA tapasvI hai, jisane merA gupta rahasya itanA zIghra batA diyA ?" gautama ne eka sAttvika gaurava kI anubhUti ke sAtha kahA-"skandaka ! mere dharmaguru, dharmopadezaka zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra anuttara jJAna aura darzana ke dhAraka haiM / ve arihanta haiM, jina haiM, kevalI haiM, trikAlajJa haiM / ve sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI haiN| unase tumhArA mAnasika abhiprAya tanika bhI ajJAta nahIM raha sktaa|" skandaka parivrAjaka ne gautama ke samakSa bhagavAna mahAvIra ko vandana karane kA apanA abhiprAya vyakta kiyA aura vaha unake sAtha mahAvIra ke samIpa aayaa| darzana mAtra se hI vaha santuSTa ho gyaa| usane zraddhApUrvaka tIna pradakSiNA kI aura vandanA kii| mahAvIra ne skandaka ko sambodhita karate hue kahA--"mAgadha ! zrAvastI meM rahane vAle piMgala nirgrantha ne tujha se loka jIva, mokSa, siddha Adi sAnta haiM yA ananta; ye prazna pUche ?" skandaka ne mahAvIra kA kathana svIkAra kiyaa| mahAvIra ne use uttara denA Arambha kiyA-"skandaka! dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva kI apekSA se yaha loka cAra prakAra kA hai| dravya kI apekSA se yaha eka hai aura sAnta hai / kSetra kI apekSA se yaha asaMkhya koTAkoTi yojana AyAma-viSkaMbha vAlA hai| isakI paridhi asaMkhya koTAkoTi yojana batAI gaI hai| isakA anta-chora hai| kAla kI apekSA se yaha kisI dina na hotA ho, aisA nahIM hai| kisI dina nahIM thA, aisA bhI nahIM hai| kisI dina nahIM rahegA, aisA bhI nahIM hai / yaha sadaiva thA, sadaiva hai aura sadaiva rahegA yaha dhra va, niyata, zAzvata, akSata, avyaya, avasthita aura nitya hai / isakA anta nahIM hai / bhAva kI apekSA se yaha ananta varNa-gaMdha-rasa-sparza-paryavarUpa hai| ananta saMsthAna paryava, ananta gurulaghu-paryava tathA ananta agurulaghu-paryavarUpa hai| __ "skandaka ! dravya aura kSetra kI apekSA se yaha loka sAnta hai tathA kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se ananta ; ataH loka sAnta bhI hai aura ananta bhii| 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] bhikSu saMgha aura usakA vistAra 186 "jIva ke bAre meM bhI skandaka ! dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se cintana karo / dravya kI apekSA se jIva eka aura sAnta hai / kSetra kI apekSA se yaha asaMkhya pradezI hai, para, sAnta hai / kAla kI apekSA se yaha kabhI nahIM thA, kabhI nahIM hai, kabhI nahIM rahegA ; aisA nahIM hai; ata: nitya hai aura isakA anta nahIM hai / bhAva kI apekSA se yaha ananta jJAna paryavarUpa hai, ananta darzana - paryavarUpa hai, ananta aguru-laghu - paryavarUpa hai aura isakA anta nahIM hai / isa prakAra skandaka ! dravya va kSetra kI apekSA se jIva anta yukta hai aura kAla va bhAva kI apekSA se anta-rahita hai / "skandaka ! tujhe yaha bhI vikalpa huA thA ki mokSa sAnta hai yA ananta ? ise bhI tujhe dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva kI apekSA se jAnanA hogA / dravya kI apekSA se mokSa eka hai aura sAnta hai / kSetra kI apekSA se 45 lAkha yojana AyAma - viSkaMbha hai aura isakI paridhi 1 karor3a 42 lAkha 30 hajAra 246 yojana se kucha adhika hai / isakA chora:- anta hai / kAla kI apekSA se yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki kisI dina mokSa nahIM thA, nahIM hai aura nahIM rahegA / bhAva kI apekSA se bhI yaha anta-rahita hai| tAtparya hai, dravya aura kSetra kI apekSA se mokSa anta-yukta hai aura kAla va bhAva kI apekSA se anta- rahita / "skandaka ! tujhe yaha bhI zaMkA huI thI ki siddha anta yukta hai yA anta-rahita / isa bAre meM bhI tujhe dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva kI apekSA se socanA hogA / dravya kI apekSA se siddha eka hai aura anta - yukta hai| kSetra kI apekSA se siddha asaMkhya pradeza - avagAr3ha hone para bhI antayukta hai / kAla kI apekSA se siddha kI Adi to hai, para, anta nahIM hai / bhAva kI apekSA se siddha jJAna-darzana-paryavarUpa hai aura usakA anta nahIM hai / "skandaka ! maraNa ke bAre meM bhI tU saMdigdha hai na ? tere mana meM yaha UhApoha hai na ki kisa prakAra ke maraNa se saMsAra ghaTatA hai aura kisa prakAra ke maraNa se saMsAra bar3hatA hai ? maraNa do prakAra kA hai : 1. bAla maraNa 2. paNDita maraNa / " skandaka -- "bhante ! bAla maraNa kisa prakAra hotA hai ?" mahAvIra -- "skandaka ! usake bAraha prakAra haiM : 1. bhUkha se tar3apate hue maranA, 2 . indriyAdika kI parAdhInatA pUrvaka maranA, 3 . zarIra meM zastrAdika ke praveza se yA sanmArga se bhraSTa hokara maranA, 4 . jisa gati meM mare, usakA hI AyuSya bA~dhanA, 5. parvata se gira kara maranA, 6. vRkSa se gira kara maranA, 7. pAnI meM DUbakara maranA, 8. agni meM jalakara maranA, 6 viSa khAkara maranA, 10. zastra prayoga se maranA, 11. phAMsI lagAkara maranA, 12. gRddha Adi pakSiyoM se nucavAkara maranA / skandaka ! ina bAraha prakAroM se marakara jIva ananta bAra nairayika bhAva ko prApta hotA hai / vaha tiryak gati kA adhikArI hotA hai aura caturgatyAtmaka saMsAra ko bar3hAtA hai / maraNa se saMsAra kA bar3hanA isI ko kahate haiM / " skandaka - "bhante ! paNDita maraNa kise kahate haiM ?" mahAvIra --''skandaka ! vaha do prakAra se hotA hai : 1. pAdapoyaMgamaNa aura 2. bhakta pratyAkhyAna / pAdapoyaMgamaNa bhI do prakAra kA hai : 1. nirdhArima aura 2. aniharima / bhaktapratyAkhyAna bhI do prakAra hai : 1. nirdhArima aura 2. aniharima / jo sAdhu upAzraya meM pAdapoyaMgamaNa yA bhakta - pratyAkhyAna Arambha karate haiM, paNDita maraNa ke bAda unakA zava upAzraya 2010_05

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160 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 va nagara se bAhara lAkara saMskArita kiyA jAtA hai; ataH vaha maraNa nirjharima kahalAtA hai| jo sAdhu araNya meM donoM prakAra meM se kisI prakAra se deha-tyAga karate haiM, unakA zava saMskAra ke lie kahIM bAhara nahIM lAyA jAtA ; ata: vaha maraNa anirhArima kahalAtA hai / pAdopagamaNa nirhArima ho, cAhe anirhArima apratikarma hotA hai; kyoMki vaha maraNa vaiyAvRttya rahita hotA hai| bhakta-pratyAkhyAna nirhArima ho yA aniyarima sapratikarma hotA hai ; kyoMki vahA~ vaiyAvRttya niSiddha nahIM hai| skandaka ! ina prakAroM se jo jIva marate haiM, ve nairayika nahIM hote aura na ananta bhAvoM ko prApta hote haiN| ye jIva dIrgha saMsAra ko tanu karate haiN|" savistAra apane sabhI praznoM ke uttara pAkara skandaka atyanta AhlAdita huaa| usane bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kathana meM atyanta AsthA prakaTa kI aura pravrajita hone kI abhilASA bhI vyakta kii| mahAvIra ne use pravrajita kara liyA aura tatsambandhI zikSA va samAcArI se paricita kiyaa| zramaNa kezIkumAra mithilA se grAmAnugrAma vihAra karate hue bhagavAna mahAvIra hastinApura kI ora padhAre / gaNadhara gautama apane ziSya-samudAya ke sAtha zrAvastI padhAre aura nikaTastha kauSThaka udyAna meM Thahare / usI nagara ke bAhara eka ora tinduka udyAna thA, jisameM pArzvasaMtAnIya nirgrantha zramaNa kezIkumAra apane ziSya-samudAya ke sAtha Thahare hue the| zramaNa kezIkumAra kumArAvasthA meM hI pravrajita ho gaye the| ve jJAna va cAritra ke pAragAmI the| mati, zruta va avadhi ; tIna jJAna se padArthoM ke svarUpa ke jJAtA the| donoM ke ziSya-samudAya meM kucha-kucha AzaMkAeM utpanna huI; hamArA dharma kaisA aura inakA dharma kasA ? AcAra-dharma-praNidhi hamArI kaisI aura inakI kaisI ? mahAmuni pArzvanAtha ne caturyAma dharma kA upadeza kiyA hai aura svAmI vardhamAna pA~ca zikSArUpa dharma kA upadeza karate haiN| eka lakSya vAloM meM yaha bheda kaisA? eka ne sacelaka dharma kA upadeza diyA hai aura eka acelaka bhAva kA upadeza karate haiN| apane ziSyoM kI AzaMkAoM se prerita hokara donoM hI AcAryoM ne paraspara milane kA nizcaya kiyA / gautama apane ziSya-varga ke sAtha tinduka udyAna meM Aye, jahAM ki zramaNa kezIkumAra Thahare hue the / gautama ko apane yahAM Ate hue dekha kara zramaNa kezIkumAra ne bhaktibahumAna purassara unakA svAgata kiyaa| apane dvArA yAcita palAla, kuza, tRNa Adi ke Asana gautama ke sammukha prastuta kiye| usa samaya bahuta sAre pAkhaNDI va kotUhala-priya vyakti bhI udyAna meM ekatrita ho gaye the| gautama se anumati pAkara kezIkumAra ne carcA ko Arambha karate hue kahA-"mahAbhAga ! vardhamAna svAmI ne pA~ca zikSArUpa dharma kA upadeza kiyA hai, jaba ki mahAmuni pArzvanAtha ne caturyAma dharma kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| medhAvin ! eka kArya meM pravRtta hone vAle sAdhakoM ke dharma meM vizeSa bheda hone kA kyA kAraNa hai ? dharma meM antara ho jAne para Apako saMzaya kyoM nahIM hotA?" 1. bhagavatI za0 2, u01 ke AdhAra se / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] bhikSu-saMgha aura usakA vistAra gautama ne uttara diyA-"jisa dharma meM jIvAdi tattvoM kA vinizcaya kiyA jAtA hai, usake tattva ko prajJA hI dekha sakatI hai| kAla-svabhAva se prathama tIrthaGkara ke muni Rju jar3a aura carama tIrthaGkara ke muni vakra jar3a haiM ; kintu, madhyavartI tIrthaGkaroM ke muni Rju prAjJa haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki dharma ke do bheda haiN| prathama tIrthaGkara ke muniyoM kA kalpa durvizodhya aura carama tIrthaGkara ke muniyoM kA kalpa duranupAlaka hotA hai; para, madhyavartI tIrthaGkaroM ke muniyoM kA kalpa suvizodhya aura supAlaka hotA hai|" kezIkumAra-"gautama ! Apane mere eka prazna kA samAdhAna to kara diyaa| dUsarI jijJAsA ko bhI samAhita kreN| vardhamAna svAmI ne acelaka dharma kA upadeza diyA hai aura mahAmuni pArzvanAtha ne sacelaka dharma kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / eka hI kArya meM pravRtta hone vAloM meM yaha antara kyoM ? isameM vizeSa hetu kyA hai ? yazasvin ! liMga-veSa meM isa prakAra antara ho jAne para kyA Apake mana meM vipratyaya utpanna nahIM hotA?" ___gautama-"loka meM pratyaya ke lie, varSAdi RtuoM meM saMyama kI rakSA ke lie, saMyamayAtrA ke nirvAha ke lie, jJAnAdi grahaNa ke lie athavA 'yaha sAdhu hai'; isa pahacAna ke lie liMga kA prayojana hai| bhagavan ! vastutaH donoM hI tIrthaGkaroM kI pratijJA to yahI hai ki nizcaya meM mokSa ke sadbhUta sAdhana to jJAna, darzana aura caritra hI haiN|" kezIkumAra- "mahAbhAga ! Apa aneka sahasra zatruoM ke bIca khar3e haiM / ve zatru Apako jItane ke lie Apake abhimukha A rahe haiN| Apane una zatruoM ko kisa prakAra jItA ?" gautama- "jaba maiMne eka zatru ko jIta liyA, pAMca zatru jIte gye| pAMca zatruoM ke jIte jAne para dasa aura isI prakAra maiMne sahasroM zatruoM ko jIta liyaa|" kezIkumAra-"ve zatru kauna haiM ?" gautama-"mahAmune ! bahirmUta AtmA, cAra kaSAya va pA~ca indriyA~ zatru haiN| unheM jItakara maiM vicaratA huuN|" kezIkumAra-"mune ! loka meM bahuta sAre jIva pAza-baddha dekhe jAte haiM, kintu, Apa pAza-mukta aura laghubhUta hokara kaise vicarate haiM ?" "gautama- "mune ! maiM una pAzoM ko saba taraha se chedana kara tathA sopAya viniSTa kara mukta-pAza aura laghubhUta hokara vicaratA huuN|" "kezIkumAra "bhante ! ve pAza kauna se haiM ? gautama-"bhagavan ! rAga-dveSa aura tIvra sneha rUpa pAza haiM, jo bar3e bhayaMkara haiN| inakA sodyoga chedana kara maiM yathAkrama vicaratA huuN|" kezIkumAra-"gautama ! antaHkaraNa kI gaharAI se udbhUta latA ko, jisakA phalapariNAma atyanta viSa-sannibha hai, Apane kisa prakAra ukhAr3A?" gautama-"maiMne usa latA kA sarvatomAvena chedana kara diyA hai tathA use khaNDa-khaNDa kara 1. acelaka kA artha vastra-vihInatA hI nahIM hai| ThANAMga, sthA0 5, u0 3 ke anusAra alpa vastratA bhI acelaka kA artha hotA hai / dekheM, pAiyasahamahaNNavo, pR 24 / 2010_05

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162 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 samUla ukhAr3a kara pheMka diyA hai; ataH maiM viSa-sannibha phaloM ke bhakSaNa se sarvathA mukta ho gayA hU~ / " kezIkumAra - "mahAbhAga ! vaha latA kauna sI hai ?" gautama -- "mahAmune ! saMsAra meM tRSNA latA bahuta bhayaMkara hai aura dAruNa phala dene vAlI hai / usakA nyAya- pUrvaka uccheda kara maiM vicaratA hU~ / kezIkumAra - "meghAvin ! zarIra meM ghora tathA pracaNDa agni prajvalita ho rahI hai ! vaha zarIra ko bhasmasAt karane vAlI hai / Apane use kaise zAnta kiyA, kaise bujhAyA ?" gautama - " tapasvin ! mahAmegha se prasUta uttama aura pavitra jala ko grahaNa kara maiM usa agni ko sIMcatA rahatA hUM; ata: siMcita kI gaI agni mujhe nahIM jalAtI / " kezIkumAra - "mahAbhAga ! vaha agni aura jala kauna sA kahA gayA hai ?" gautama - " dhIman ! kaSAya agni hai| zruta, zIla aura tapa jala hai / zruta jala-dhArA se abhihata vaha agni mujhe nahIM jlaatii|" kezIkumAra - "tapasvin ! yaha sAhasika, bhIma, duSTa, azva cAroM ora bhAga rahA hai| usa para car3he hue bhI Apa usake dvArA unmArga meM kaise nahIM le jAye gaye ?" gautama - "mahAmune ! bhAgate hue azva ko maiM zrutarUpa rassI se bAMdhe rakhatA hU~; ataH vaha unmArga meM nahIM jA pAtA, sanmArga meM hI pravRtta rahatA hai / " kezIkumAra - "yazasvin ! Apa azva kisako kahate haiM ?" " gautama - " vrativara ! mana hI du:sAhasika va bhIma azva hai / vahI cAroM ora bhAgatA hai / maiM kathaka azva kI taraha dharma-zikSA ke dvArA usakA nigraha karatA hU~ / " kezIkumAra -- "munipuMgava ! saMsAra meM aise bahuta se kumArga haiM, jina para calane se jIva sanmArga se cyuta ho jAtA hai / kintu, Apa sanmArga meM calate hue usase vicalita kaise nahIM hote haiM ?" gautama - "vratirAja ! sanmArga meM gamana karane vAloM va unmArga meM prasthAna karane vAlo ko maiM acchI taraha jAnatA hU~ ; ataH sanmArga se haTatA nahIM hU~ / " kezIkumAra - " vijJavara ! vaha sanmArga aura unmArga kauna-sA hai ? " gautama - matiman ! kupravacana ko mAnane vAle sabhI pAkhaNDI unmArga meM prasthita haiM / sanmArga to jina bhASita hai / aura yaha mArga nizcita hI uttama hai / " kezIkumAra - " maharSe ! mahAn udaka ke vega meM bahate hue prANiyoM ke lie zaraNa aura pratiSThArUpa dvIpa Apa kise kahate haiM ?" gautama - "yatirAja ! eka mahAdvIpa hai / vaha bahuta vistRta hai / jala ke mahAn vega kI vahA~ gati nahIM hai / " kezIkumAra - "mahAprAjJa ! vaha mahAdvIpa kaunasA hai ? ?" gautama - "RSivara ! jarA-maraNa ke vega se DUbate hue prANiyoM ke lie dharmadvIpa pratiSThArUpa hai aura usameM jAnA uttama zaraNa rUpa hai / " kezIkumAra - "mahApravAha vAle samudra meM eka naukA viparIta rUpa se cAroM ora bhAga rahI hai / Apa usameM ArUr3ha ho rahe haiM / merI jijJAsA hai, phira Apa pAra kaise jA sakeMge ?" 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] bhikSu-saMgha aura usakA vistAra 163 gautama- "sacchidra naukA pAragAmI nahIM hotI, kintu, chidra-rahita naukA pAra pahuMcAne meM samartha hotI hai|" kezIkumAra-"vaha naukA kaunasI hai?" gautama-"zarIra naukA hai / AtmA nAvika hai| saMsAra samudra hai, jise maharSijana sahaja hI tairate haiN|" kezIkumAra-"bahuta sAre prANI ghora andhakAra meM haiM / ina prANiyoM ke lie loka meM udyota kauna karatA hai ?" gautama- "udita huA sUrya loka meM saba prANiyoM ke lie udyota karatA hai|" kezIkumAra-"vaha sUrya konasA hai ?" gautama--"jinakA saMsAra kSINa ho gayA hai, aise sarvajJa jina bhAskara kA udaya ho cukA hai| ve hI sAre vizva meM udyota karate haiN|" kezIkumAra-"zArIrika aura mAnasika du:khoM se pIr3ita prANiyoM ke lie kSema aura zivarUpa tathA bAdhA-rahita Apa kaunasA sthAna mAnate haiM ?" gautama-"loka ke agra bhAga meM eka dhra vasthAna hai, jahA~ jarA, mRtyu, vyAdhi aura vedanA nahIM hai| kintu, vahA~ ArohaNa karanA nitAnta duSkara hai|" kezIkumAra-"vaha kaunasA sthAna hai ?" gautama-"maharSiyoM dvArA prApta vaha sthAna nirvANa, avyAbAdha, siddhi, lokAgra, kSema, ziva aura anAbAdha; ina nAmoM se vizruta hai|" mune! vaha sthAna zAzvata vAsa kA hai, loka ke agrabhAga meM sthita hai aura durAroha hai / ise prApta kara bhava-paramparA kA anta karane vAle munijana cintana-mukta ho jAte haiN| zramaNa kezIkumAra ne carcA kA upasaMhAra karate hue kahA-: mahAmune gautama ! ApakI prajJA sAdhu hai| Apane mere saMzayoM kA uccheda kara diyA hai| ataH he saMzayAtIta! sarva satra ke pAragAmina ! Apako namaskAra hai| gaNaghara gautama ko vandanA ke anantara zramaNa kezIkumAra ne apane bRhat ziSya-samudAya sahita unase paMca mahAvrata rUpa dharma ko bhAva se grahaNa kiyA aura mahAvIra ke bhikSu-saMgha meM praviSTa hue| kezIkumAra zramaNa kI taraha kAlAsavesiyaputta anagAra, gaMgeya anagAra, peDhAla putta udaka Adi bhI tattva-carcA ke pazcAt mahAvIra ke saMgha meM caturyAmAtmaka dIkSA se paMca mahAvrata rUpa dIkSA meM aaye| ina ghaTanA-prasaMgoM se yaha itihAsa bhI hamArI A~khoM ke sAmane A jAtA hai ki pArzva kI paramparA mahAvIra kI udIyamAna saMgha meM kaise lIna huI aura una donoM ke bIca kyA-kyA bheda va tAdAtmya the| 1. uttarajjhayaNANi a0 23 ke AdhAra se| 2. bhagavatI, zataka 1, uddezaka 9 / 3. vahI, zataka 9 uddezaka 32 / 4. sUyagaDAMga, zru0 2, a0 7 / ____ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa : 1 zAlibhadra aura dhanya jaina-paramparA meM zAlibhadra aura dhanya kA jIvana-vRtta bahuta hI sarasa aura bahuta hI vizruta hai| zAlibhadra aura dhanya ke paraspara sAle-bahanoI kA sambandha thA aura donoM ne hI mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kii| zAlibhadra rAjagRha ke dhanADhya gRhapati gobhadra kA putra thaa| usakI mAtA kA nAma bhadrA aura bahina kA nAma subhadrA thaa| zAlibhadra ke bAlyakAla meM hI gobhadra gRhapati kA zarIrAta ho gayA thaa| vaha agAdha mAtR-vAtsalya meM palA-pusA aura taruNa huaa| kahA jAtA hai, usakA pitA mara kara deva-yoni meM utpanna huaa| vaha apane putra evaM putra-badhuoM ke sukha-moga ke lie vastra aura AbhUSaNoM se paripUrita 33 peTiyA~ pratidina unheM detA thaa| bhadrA sArA gRhabhAra smbhaaltii| zAlibhadra apane mahala kI sAtavIM maMjila para aharniza sAMsArika sukha-bhoga meM lIna rhtaa| eka dina rAjagRha meM ratna-kambala ke vyApArI aaye| unake pAsa solaha ratna-kambala the| eka-eka kambala kA mUlya savA lAkha svarNa-mudrAeM thaa| rAjagRha ke bAjAra meM unheM koI kharIdadAra na milaa| ve rAjA zreNika ke pAsa gaye / ratna-kambala rAniyoM ne pasanda kie, para, eka-eka kA mUlya savA lAkha sunakara rAjA bhI cauNkaa| rAjA ne eka bhI kambala nahIM khriidaa| vyApArI apane AvAsa ke bAhara vRkSa kI chAyA meM baiThe bAteM kara rahe the; rAjagRha jaise nagara meM bhI hameM koI kretA nahIM milA to anyatra kahA~ milegA ? zAlibhadra kI dA rAha se panaghaTa kI ora jA rahI thiiN| vaha bAta unake kAnoM meM pdd'ii| pAnI lekara vApasa Ate samaya dAsiyoM ne vyApAriyoM se pUcha liyA--"Apa kisI durghaTa cintA meM mAlama paDate hai| kyA hameM bhI vaha cintA batalAI jA sakatI hai ?" vyApAriyoM ne kahA- "jo cintA rAjA zreNika bhI nahIM miTA sakA, tuma panihArina hamArI kyA cintA miTAogI?" dAsiyoM ne kahA-"kabhI-kabhI aisA bhI ho jAtA hai|" vyApAriyoM ne apanA piNDa chur3Ane ke lie anyamanaskatA se hI apanI bAta do zabdoM meM unheM kaha ddaalii| dAsiyoM ne ha~sa kara kahA-"basa, yahI bAta hai ? calo, hamAre sAtha / hama eka hI saude meM Apake sAre kambala bikavA detI haiN|" vyApAriyoM ne kucha gambhIratA se bAta puuchii| dAsiyoM ne apane svAmI zAlibhadra ke vaibhava kA varNana kiyaa| vyApArI utsuka hokara dAsiyoM ke sAtha cala pdd'e| zAlibhadra kA harmya aayaa| bAhara se bhI itanA AkarSaka ki rAja-prasAda se bhI adhika / vyApAriyoM ne prathama maMjila meM praveza kiyaa| sAja-sajjA dekhakara ve vismita hue| dAsiyoM ne kahA-"yaha to hama dAsa-dAsiyoM ke rahane kI maMjila hai|" dUsarI maMjila para pahuMce aura vahA~ kI ramaNIyatA dekhii| socA, yahA~ zAlibhadra baiThe hoNge| unheM batAyA gayA, yahA~ to munIma loga hI baiThate haiM aura bahI-khAtoM kA kAma karate haiN| tIsarI maMjila para 1. eka paramparA ke anusAra 66 peTiyAM-vastra, AbhUSaNa va bhojana kI 33-33 peTiyAM-AtI thiiN| ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] bhikSu-saMgha aura usakA vistAra phuNce| vahA~ bhadrA seThAnI rahatI thii| bhadrA se vyApAriyoM kA paricaya karAyA gyaa| vyApAriyoM ne kahA-"hama zAlibhadra se milane Aye haiN| unheM ratna-kambala dikhlaayeNge|" bhadrA ne kahA-"Apa zAlibhadra se nahIM mila skeNge| Apa apane ratna-kambala mujhe hI dikhalA de|" kucha saMkoca va kucha vismaya se vyApArI bhadrA ke sammukha jamakara baiThe / eka ratna-kambala nikAlA aura bhadrA ke hAtha meM diyA / bhadrA ne binA usakA mUlya pUche hI kahA-"Apake pAsa aise kitane kambala haiM ?" vyApArI-"solaha / " bhadrA-"mujhe battIsa cAhie ; kyoMki merI bahueM battIsa haiM / kama hoM, to maiM kise dUM va kise na dUM?" vyApArI-"pahale Apa eka kambala kA mUlya to pUcha liijiye|" bhadrA- "usakI Apa cintA na kreN| jo bhI mUlya hogA, cukAyA jaayegaa|" vyApArI AzcaryAnvita the| unheM lagatA thA, hama svapna-loka meM to kahIM vihAra nahIM kara rahe haiM / bhadrA ne kahA-"khaira, Apake pAsa jitanI kambale haiM ; ve yahA~ rakha deN|" vyApAriyoM ne vaisA hI kiyaa| bhadrA ne mukhya munIma ko bulA kara kahA-"jo bhI mUlya inakA ho, inheM cukA diyA jaaye|" bhadrA anya kArya meM saMlagna ho gii| vyApAriyoM ko lekara munIma dhana-maNDAra para aayaa| vyApAriyoM se pUchA- "eka kambala kA kyA mUlya hai ?" vyApAriyoM ne kahA-"savA lAkha svarNa mudraaeN|" munIma ne bhaNDArI ko Adeza diyA"solaha kambaloM kA mUlya savA lAkha prati kambala ke hisAba se inheM cukA diyA jaaye|" bhaNDArI ne yathAvidhi saba kucha sampanna kiyaa| vyApAriyoM ke harSa aura vismaya kA kyA pAra thA ? ve yaha kahate hue harmya se bAhara Aye ki bhalA ho, una becArI dAsiyoM kA jo hameM yahA~ le AI / hama to AzA hI chor3a cuke the ki hamArI eka kambala bhI kahIM bika sakegA?" agale dina zreNika kI sAmrAjJI celaNA ne Agraha pakar3A, eka kambala to mere lie kharIdanA hI hogaa| zreNika kyA karatA? usane vyApAriyo ko punaH rAja-sabhA meM bulaayaa| vyApAriyoM ne kahA-"rAjan ! hamArI to solaha hI ratna-kambaleM bika cukI haiN|" sArI vastusthiti se avagata ho, zreNika svayaM vismita ho gyaa| rAjA ne abhayakumAra ko bhadrA ke pAsa bhejaa| usane vahAM jAkara kahA-"gRhapatnI ! tumhAre pAsa solaha kambaleM haiM / mUlya lekara bhI eka kambala rAjA ko bheMTa kara do|" bhadrA ne kahA- "maMtrIvara abhayakumAra ! maiMne eka-eka kambala ke do-do Tukar3e kara battIsa bahuoM ko bA~Ta die haiN|" abhayakumAra ne kahA"do Tukar3e maMgavA do| rAnI kA haTha maiM kisa taraha pUrA kruuNgaa|" bhadrA ne dAsiyoM se pUchavAyA to mAlUma par3A ki sabhI bahuoM ne apane-apane Tukar3oM ko paira poMchane kA aMgochA banA liyA hai / abhayakamAra ina sArI bAtoM kI jAnakArI kara rAja-sabhA meM aayaa| bhadrA bhI rAjA ke yogya bahumUlya upahAra le sabhA meM aaii| bhadrA ne bheMTa karate hue kahA--"rAjan ! maane| zAlibhadra aura usakI pattiyA~ deva-daSya vastra hI pahanatI haiN| mere pati aba deva-gati meM haiM aura ve hI pratidina unheM vastra, AbhUSaNa, aMga-rAga Adi dete haiN| ratna-kambala kA sparza merI bahuoM ko kaThora pratIta huA hai aura isIlie unhoMne usakA upayoga para burAna ___ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 poMchane ke vastra ke rUpa meM kiyA hai|" rAjA aura sabhAsada yaha suna kara Azcarya-magna ho rahe the| bhadrA ne rAjA zreNika ko apane harmya Ane kA AmaMtraNa diyaa| zreNika to zAlibhadra aura usake vaibhava ko dekhane ke lie svayaM utsuka ho cukA thA ; ataH usane saharSa vaha AmaMtraNa svIkAra kiyaa| bhadrA ne ghara Akara rAjA ke svAgata meM taiyAriyAM kii| rAjA bhI rAjakIya sAja-sajjA se usake ghara aayaa| zAlibhadra taba taka apane mahaloM meM hI thaa| harmya kI caturtha maMjila meM rAjA ko baiThAyA gyaa| rAjA vahAM kI divya Rddhi ko dekhakara vismita ho rahA thaa| socatA thA, isa dravya Rddhi ko bhogane vAlA zAlibhadra kaisA hogA? bhadrA ne sAtavIM maMjila para jA zAlibhadra ko kahA-"beTA ! zreNika apane ghara AyA hai, nIce calo aura use namaskAra kro|" "mA~, maiM nIce kyoM calUM, ghara kI mAlakina tuma vahA~ baiThI ho, jo bhI mUlya ho de do aura zreNika ko kharIda lo!" "beTA tuma nahIM samajhate / vaha kharIdane kI vastu nahIM hai / zreNika hamArA rAjA hai, svAmI hai, hamAre para anugraha kara yahA~ AyA hai| tuma nIce calo aura use namaskAra kro|" zAlibhadra ke mana para eka coTa-sI lgii| maiM svayaM apanA svAmI nahIM hU~, mere para bhI koI svAmI hai, yaha kyA ? maiM to aba vahI rAstA khojUMgA, jisameM apanA svAmI maiM svayaM hI rhuuN| mAtA ke nirdezana se zAlibhadra zreNika ke pAsa AyA aura namaskAra kiyaa| zreNika usake suDola zarIra, gaura varNa aura asIma saukumArya ko dekhakara avAka rhaa| nikaTa hote hI zreNika ne use goda meM bhara liyA, para, zAlibhadra itanA sukomala thA ki rAjA ke zarIra kI uSmA se hI usake sAre zarIra se sveda bahane lgaa| use AkulatA-sI pratIta hone lgii| rAjA samajha gyaa| usane use apane sammukha ucita Asana para baiThAyA aura usase bAteM kii| rAjA Anandita, pulakita apane rAja-prAsAda gyaa| zAlibhadra bhI vahA~ se uThakara saptama bhauma gyaa| usake mana meM yahI uthala-puthala thI, kyA maiM hI apanA svAmI nahIM hU~ ? __nagara ke IzAna koNavartI udyAna meM dharmaghoSa muni aae| samUha-ke-samUha nara-nArI usI dizA meM cala pdd'e| zAlibhadra ne saptama bhauma se usa jana-samUha ko dekhaa| karmakaroM se jAnakArI lii| usake mana meM sva-svAmitva kA prazna ghuTa hI rahA thaa| samAdhAna kI utsukatA meM vaha bhI nirupama sAja-sajjA se usI dizA meM cala pdd'aa| dharmaghoSa muni kI dezanA se usane bhogoM kI nazvaratA smjhii| sAdhu-caryA kA sva-svAmitva smjhaa| dIkSita hone ko kRtasaMkalpa huaa| zAlibhadra ghara aayaa| apane mana kA saMkalpa mAtA se khaa| mAtA ko vajrAghAtasA lagA usane putra ke mana ko mor3ane kA hara prayatna kiyA, para, saba vyartha / anta meM bAta yaha ThaharI ki Aja hI dIkSA na lekara pratidina eka-eka patnI kA parityAga kiyA jaae| patniyAM bhI pati ke isa saMkalpa ko sunakara Akula-vyAkula huiiN| pati ko mor3ane kA prayatna kiyA, para, zAlibhadra kA vaha patnI parityAga anuSThAna calatA hI rhaa| 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA bhikSu saMgha aura usakA vistAra 167 zAlibhadra kI sagI bahina subhadrA rAjagaha meM hI eka dhanADhya ke putra dhanya ko byAhI thii| dhanya ke sAta patniyA~ aura bhI thiiN| eka dina ve saba apanI azoka vATikA meM dhanya ko snAna karA rahI thiiN| subhadrA ko apane bhAI kI yAda AI aura A~khoM meM A~sU chalaka pdd'e| dhanya kI pITha para ve azru-bindu gire / uSNa sparza ke kAraNa dhanya ne mur3akara Upara jhAMkA to dekhA, subhadrA kI A~khe gIlI haiM aura azru barasa rahe haiM / dhanya ne kahA-"priye ! yaha kyA ? isa Amoda-pramoda kI belA meM A~sU ?" subhadrA ne kahA-"patideva ! merA bhAI zAlibhadra dIkSA-grahaNa karegA; ataH vaha pratidina eka patnI aura eka zayyA kA tyAga kara rahA hai|" dhanya ne svAbhimAna bharI najara se subhadrA ke cehare kI ora jhAMkate hue kahA"tamhArA bhAI bahata bhIru aura kAtara hai| dIkSA hI lenI hai to phira eka-eka patnI kA tyAga kaisA?" sabhadrA kA svAbhimAna jaga pdd'aa| usane bhI kar3Aka se kahA-"patideva ! kahanA sahaja hotA hai, karanA hI kaThina hotA hai| Apa bhI aisA karake to batAyeM ?" dhanya para jaise cAbUka kI mAra par3a gaI ho / usakA mana hinahinA uThA / saba paliyoM kI ora jhAMkate hue vaha bola uThA-"dUra raho ! maiM tuma saba kA parityAga kara cukA huuN|" patniyA~ dekhate hI raha giiN| anya pArivArika jana bhI use mor3ane meM asamartha rhe| dhanya zAlibhadra ke ghara phuNcaa| zAlibhadra se milA aura usase kahA-"yaha kyA kAyaratA hai ? calo, hama donoM sAlA-bahanoI Aja hI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSita hoN|" zAlibhadra to prastuta thA hii| kevala mAtA ke Agraha se aisA kara rahA thaa| usane bhI zeSa patniyoM kA parityAga eka sAtha kara diyaa| donoM ne mahAvIra ke samavazaraNa meM Akara bhAgavatI dIkSA grahaNa kii| mahAvIra ke bhikSu-saMgha kI abhivRddhi meM cAra cAMda aura lge| isa prakAra kI dIkSAoM se aura aneka loga prerita hote the aura dIkSA grahaNa karate the| rAjarSi uvAyana siMdhu sauvIra deza kI usa samaya bhArata ke vizAla rAjyoM meM gaNanA kI jAtI thii| vIta bhaya usakI rAjadhAnI thii| solaha bRhad deza, tIna sau tirasaTha nagara aura Agara usake adhIna the| vahA~ ke rAjA kA nAma udAyana thaa|2 caNDapradyotana Adi daza mukuTadhArI mahAparAkramI rAjA usakI sevA meM rahate the| rAnI kA nAma prabhAvatI thA, jo vaizAlI ke rAjA ceTaka kI putrI thii| rAjakumAra kA nAma abhIcakumAra aura bhAnaje kA nAma kezI thaa| prabhAvatI nirgrantha dhAvikA thI, para, udAyana tApasa-bhakta thaa| prabhAvatI mRtyu pAkara svarga meM gii| usane apane pati ko pratibodha diyA aura use dRr3ha-niSTha zrAvaka bnaayaa| 1. (ka) bhikSu-jIvana kA vivaraNa dekheM- 'pAripAzvika bhikSu-bhikSuNiyA~' prakaraNa meM / (kha) triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritram, pUrva 10, sarga 10 ke AdhAra se / (ga) jaina paramparA meM dhanya aura zAlibhadra se sambandhita aneka kAvya-grantha tathA caupAiyA~ upalabdha haiN| 2.vijayendra sUri (tIrthakara mahAvIra, khaNDa 2, pR0 506) ne isa rAjA kA nAma udrAyaNa mAnA hai, para, Agama use spaSTataH udAyana (seNaM udAyaNe rAyA) hI kahate haiM / (dekheM-bhagavatI, za0 13, u06)| 2010_05

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bhikSu aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 eka bAra rAjA pauSaghazAlA meM pauSadha kara rahA thaa| rAta meM dharma- jAgaraNA karate hue usake mana meM adhyavasAya utpanna huA; ve grAma, nagara, Agara Adi dhanya haiM, jo bhagavAn varSamAna ke caraNa raja se pavitra hote haiN| yadi kisI samaya aisA saubhAgya vItabhaya ko bhI prApta ho, to maiM gArhasthya ko chor3a kara pravrajita ho jAU~ / 168 bhagavAn mahAvIra sarvajJa the / unhoMne udAyana ke manogata vicAroM ko jAnA aura usa ora prasthAna kara diyA / sAta sau kosa kA ugra vihAra thA / mArga kI vikaTatA aura purISahoM kI adhikatA se bahuta se muni mArga meM hI mRtyu pA gaye / vItamaya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke Agamana se udAyana atyanta pramudita huA / mahAvIra ke samavazaraNa meM pahu~cA aura dIkSita hone kI apanI cirakAlIna bhAvanA vyakta kii| rAjA ne prArthanA kI "bhante ! jaba taka Wo putra ko rAjya sauMpakara dIkSita hone ke lie zrIcaraNoM meM upasthita na ho jAU~, vihAra ke lie zIghratA na kreN|" pratyuttara meM mahAvIra ne kahA - "para, isa ora pramAda na karanA / " bhramaNa kregaa| maiM isakA rAjA udAyana rAjamahaloM meM loTa bhAyA / mArga meM vaha rAja vyavasthA kA hI cintana kara rahA thA / sahasA usake mAnasa meM vicAra ubharA, yadi maiM putra ko, rAjyAdhikArI banAtA hU~ to vaha isameM Asakta ho jAyegA aura cirakAla taka saMsAra meM nimitta bana jAU~gA / kitanA acchA ho, yadi maiM rAjya bhAra kumAra ko na dekara bhAnaje kezI ko dUM / kumAra kI surakSA svataH ho jAyegI / rAjA ne apanA cintana sudRr3ha kiyA aura use kriyAnvita bhI kara diyaa| samAroha pUrvaka svayaM abhiniSkramita huA aura mahAvIra ke caraNoM meM pravrajita ho gayA / ' 1. dIkSA ke bAda -- duSkara tapa kA anuSThAna Arambha kiyA / upavAsa se Arambha kara mAsAvadhi taka tapa kiyaa| svAdhyAya, kAyotsarga Adi se apanI AtmA ko bhAvita kiyA / arasa- nIrasa AhAra va lambI-lambI tapasyAoM se ve atizaya kRza ho gaye / unakA zArIrika bala kSINa ho gayA / ve bImAra rahane lage / roga ne ugra rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA / dhyAna, svAdhyAya va kAyotsarga Adi meM vighna hone lagA / vaidyoM ne unheM dahI ke prayoga kA parAmarza diyA / gokula meM usakI sahaja sulabhatA thI; ataH rAjarSi usa ora hI vihAra karane lage / rAjarSi udAyana eka bAra bihAra karate hue vItabhaya aaye| rAjA kezI ko usake maMtriyoM ne rAjarSi ke viruddha yaha kaha kara bhrAnta kara diyA ki rAjarSi rAjya chInane abhiprAya se Aye haiM / Apa sAvadhAna raheM / durbuddhi kezI usa bhrAnti meM A gayA / usane rAjarSi ke nivAsa ke lie zahara meM niSedha karavA diyaa| rAjarSi ne ghUmate hue zahara ke kone-kone ko chAna ddaalaa| kahIM sthAna na milA / antataH eka kummakAra ke ghara unhoMne vizrAma liyA / rAjA kezI ne unheM maravAne ke nimitta AhAra meM kaI bAra viSa milavAyA, kintu, eka devI ne unheM usase ubAra liyaa| eka bAra devI kI anupa 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] pandraha sau tIna tApasa pandraha sau tIna tApasoM kA eka samudAya aSTApada parvata para ArohaNa kara rahA thA / unameM koDinna, dinna aura sevAla ; ye tIna pramukha the / pratyeka ke pA~ca-pA~ca sau kA parivAra thA / tapasyA se ve saba kRzakAya ho cuke the / koDinna saparivAra aSTApada kI pahalI mekhalA taka, dinna dUsarI mekhalA taka aura sevAla tIsarI mekhalA taka pahu~cA / aSTApada parvata meM eka-eka yojanA kI samagra ATha mekhalAe~ thiiN| Age bar3hane meM ve tApasa apane Apako asamartha pA rahe the / bhikSu saMgha aura usakA vistAra gaNadhara gautama usI avadhi meM una saba tApasoM ke dekhate-dekhate apane labdhi - bala se aSTApada parvata ke zikhara para car3ha gaye / unake isa tapobala se sabhI tapasvI atyanta prabhAvita hue| unhoMne nizcaya kiyA, indrabhUti aSTApada se utara kara jaba yahA~ AyeMge, hama saba unake ziSya ho jAyeMge | indrabhUti vApasa Aye / tApasoM ne unase kahA - "Apa hamAre guru haiM aura hama Apake ziSya / " indrabhUti vahA~ una pandraha sau tIna tApasoM ko dIkSita kiyA aura apane akSINa mahAnasa - labdhi-bala se khIra ke eka hI bhare-pUre pAtra se samagra tApasa-zramaNoM ko unhoMne bhojana karAyA / apane guru ke isa labdhi-bala ko dekhakara sabhI tApasa kRtakRtya ho gaye / ' sabhI jaina paramparAeM isa ghaTanA-prasaMga ko sarvathA prAmANika nahIM mAnatI haiM / rAjA dazArNamadra 166 1 dazArNabhadra dazArNapura kA rAjA thaa| usake pA~ca sau rAniyoM kA parivAra thA aura bahuta bar3I senA thI / bhojana se nivRtta hokara rAjA Amoda-pramoda meM saMlagna baiThA thA / sahasA udyAnapAla AyA aura usane sUcita kiyA - "deva ! apane udyAna meM Aja carama tIrthaGkara bhagavAn zrI mahAvIra padhAre haiM / " rAjA dazArNabhadra usa saMvAda se atyanta harSita huA / usI samaya siMhAsana se nIce utarA aura usI dizA meM nata mastaka hokara namaskAra kiyaa| bahuta sArA prIti dAna dekara udyAnapAla ko visarjita kiyaa| rAjA dazArNabhadra ke mana meM adhyavasAya utpanna huA, "kala prAtaH maiM bhagavAn ko aisI apUrva samRddhi ke sAtha vandanA karU~gA, jisake sAtha Aja taka kisI ne bhI na kI ho|" apane sainyAdhikArI ko bulAyA aura nirdeza diyA"kala prAtaH kAla ke lie senA ko abhUtapUrva susajjita kro|" eka kauTumbika puruSa ko nirdeza diyA - " nagara kI saphAI karAo, candana - mizrita sugandhita jala kA chir3akAva karAo, sarvatra puSpa varSA karo, baMdanavAra aura rajata kalazoM kI zreNiyoM se mArga ko susajjita karo aura sthiti meM viSa mizrita AhAra rAjarSi ke pAtra meM A gyaa| rAjarSi ne anAsakta bhAva se use khA liyaa| zarIra meM viSa phaila gyaa| rAjarSi ne anazana kiyA aura eka mAsa kI avadhi ke bAda kevala jJAna prApta kara samAdhi maraNa prApta kiyA / 2010_05 rAjarSi kI mRtyu se devI kruddha huii| usane dhUla kI varSA kI aura vItabhaya nagara ko ghUlisAt kara diyA / kevala vaha kumbhakAra bacA / -uttarAjjhayaNANi, bhAvavijayagaNi- viracita vRtti, a0 18, patra saM 0 380 se 388 ke AdhAra se / 1. zrI kalpasUtrArtha prabodhinI, pR0 166 se 171; kalpasUtra bAlAvabodha, pR0 260 ke AdhAra se /

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200 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa : 1 sAre zahara ko dhvajAoM se chA do|" eka anya koTumbika puruSa ko nirdeza diyA- 'tuma udghoSaNA karo-prAtaH kAla sabhI sAmanta, maMtrIgaNa aura nAgarika susajjita hokara aayeN| sabako sAmUhika rUpa se bhagavAn ko vandana karane ke lie jAnA hai|" rAjA dazArNabhadra prAtaH kAla utthaa| snAna kiyA, candana kA vilepana kiyA, devadUSya vastra pahane aura AbhUSaNoM se zarIra ko alaMkRta kiyaa| susajjita pradhAna hAthI para baitthaa| rAjA ke mastaka para chatra thA aura cAroM ora cAmara DulAe jA rahe the| rAjA ke pIche-pIche hajAroM sAmanta aura pramukha nAgarika susajjita hAthiyoM, ghor3oM aura rathoM para ArUr3ha hokara cale / sArI senA bhI kramazaH clii| pAMca sau rAniyA~ bhI rathoM meM ArUr3ha huiiN| gaganacumbI sahasroM patAkAyeM phaharA rahI thiiN| vAdyoM ke ghoSa se bhU-nabha ekAkAra ho rahA thaa| sahasroM maMgala-pAThaka mAMgalika vAkyoM ko duharA rahe the / gAyakoM kA madhura saMgIta zrotAoM ko AkarSita kara rahA thaa| adbhuta samRddhi aura pUre parivAra ke sAtha rAjA dazArNabhadra bhagavAn zrI mahAvIra ke samavazaraNa meM phuNcaa| hAthI se utarA, chatra-cAmara Adi rAjya-cinhoM kA tyAga kiyaa| tIna pradakSiNA pUrvaka bhagavAn ko namaskAra kiyA, stuti kI aura eka ora baiTha gayA / / zakendra ne rAjA dazArNabhadra ke garvapUrNa abhiprAya ko jAnA / usane socA-"dazArNabhadra kI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prati anupama bhakti hai, tathApi use garva nahIM karanA chie|" rAjA ko pratibodha dene ke lie zakendra udyata huaa| usane airAvaNa nAmaka deva ko AjJA dekara samujjvala aura samunnata causaTha hajAra hAthiyoM kI vikarvaNA krvaaii| pratyeka hAthI ke pA~capA~ca sau bAraha mukha, pratyeka mukha meM ATha-ATha dA~ta, pratyeka dAMta para ATha-ATha vApikAeM, pratyeka vApikA meM ATha-ATha kamala aura pratyeka kamala para eka-eka lAkha paMkhur3iyA~ thiiN| pratyeka paMkhur3I meM battIsa prakAra ke nATaka ho rahe the| kamala kI madhyakaNikA para caturmukhI prAsAda the| sabhI prAsAdoM meM indra apanI ATha-ATha agra-mahiSiyoM ke sAtha nATaka dekha rahA thaa| isa prakAra kI utkRSTa samRddhi ke sAtha AkAza ko Acchanna karatA huA zakendra bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ko namaskAra karane ke lie aayaa| rAjA dazArNabhadra ne use dekhA / antarmukha hokara sahasA usane socA-"maiMne apanI samRddhi kA vyartha hI ghamaNDa kiyaa| indra kI isa sampadA ke samakSa to merI yaha sampadA nagaNya hai| chichale vyakti hI apane aizvarya para garva karate haiN| isakA prAyazcitta yahI hai ki maiM bhAgavatI dIkSA grahaNa kara ajara, amara aura anyUna mokSa sampadA ko prApta kruuN|" rAjA dazArNabhadra apane sthAna se uThA / bhagavAn ke samakSa AyA aura nivedana kiyA-"bhante ! maiM virakta huuN| pravrajita kara Apa mujhe anugRhIta kreN|' rAjA ne apane hAthoM luJcana kiyA aura dIkSita huaa| zakendra ne rAjA ko dIkSita hote dekhaa| use anubhava huA ki isa pratispardhA meM vaha bhI parAjita ho gayA hai / vaha muni dazArNabhadra ke pAsa AyA aura unake isa prayatna kI mukta kaNTha se stuti karane lgaa| indra apane svarga meM gayA aura muni dazArNabhadra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bhikSu-saMgha meM sAdhanA-lIna ho gye|' 1. uttarajjhayaNANi, bhAvavijayagaNi-viracita-vRtti, a0 18, patra saM0 375 se 376 ke AdhAra se| ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] bhikSu-saMgha aura usakA vistAra 201 mahAvIra ke saMgha meM isa prakAra aura bhI anekAneka loga pravajita hue| unake paricaya meM batAyA gayA hai -ve ugravaMzI, bhogavaMzI, rAjanyavaMzI, jJAta yA nAgavaMzI, kuruvaMzI va kSatriyavaMzI the| bahuta sAre bhaTa, yoddhA, senApati, dharma-nIti-zikSaka, zreSThI, ibhya bhI the| bahuta sAre mAtR-pitR-pakSa se kulIna the / bahuta sAre rUpa, vinaya, vijJAna, AkRti, lAvaNya va vikrama meM pradhAna the| saubhAgya aura kAMti meM advitIya the| ve vipula dhana-dhAnya ke saMgraha aura parivAra ke sampanna the| unake yahA~ rAjA dvArA upahRta paMcendriya sukhoM kA atireka thA ; ataH meM lAna raha sakate the, kintu, ve unheM kipAka-phala ke samAna ora jIvana ke jala-bada buda va kuzAgra-sthita jala-bindu ke samAna vinazvara samajhate the| kapar3e para lagI dhUla ko jisa prakAra jhaTakAyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra ve aizvarya Adi adhrava padArthoM ko chor3ane meM tatpara rahate the| unhoMne vipula rajata, svarNa, dhana, dhAnya, senA, vAhana, koza, koSThAgAra, rAjya, rASTra, pura, antaHpura, kanaka, ratna, maNi, mauktika, zaMkha zilA-pravAla, padma rAga Adi ko chor3akara pravrajyA grahaNa kI thii|" bauddha upasampadAe~ paMcavargIya bhikSa paMcavargIya bhikSu vArANasI ke RSipasana (sAranAtha) meM rahate the| bodhi-prApti ke bAda cAra Arya satyoM kA jJAna sarva prathama kise diyA jAye, yaha cintana karate hue buddha RSi 1. uvavAI, sU0 14 / 2. bauddha vAGmaya meM zrAmaNera paryAya ko pravrajyA aura bhikSu-paryAya ko upasampadA kahate 3. rAma, dhvaja, lakSmaNa, mantrI, kauMDinya, bhoja, suyAma aura sudatta-ye SaDaMga veda ke jJAtA brAhmaNa the| ina vidvAnoM meM se sAta ne gautama buddha kA bhaviSya batAyA thA ki ye gRha-sthAzrama meM raheMge, to cakravartI hoMge aura saMnyAsI baneMge, to samyak sambaddha hoMge / kauNDinya taruNa thaa| usane eka hI bhaviSya batAyA thA ki bodhisattva niHsandeha samyak sambuddha hoMge / dvividha bhaviSya-vaktA brAhmaNoM ne apane-apane putroM se kahA"siddhArtha rAjakumAra buddha ho jAye, to tuma usake saMgha meM praviSTa honaa|" bodhisattva ke gRha-tyAga ke avasara para akelA kauMDinya jIvita thaa| usane sAtoM vidvAnoM ke putroM ko siddhArtha rAjakumAra ke parivrAjaka hone kI sUcanA dI aura kahA-"vaha nizcita ho buddha hogA ; ataH hameM bhI parivrAjaka ho jAnA caahie|" unameM se cAra yuvakoM ne kauNDinya kA kathana svIkAra kiyA-(1) vASpa (vappa), (2) bhadrika, (3) mahAnAma aura (4) azvajit / Age cala kara ye pAMcoM paMcavargIya bhikSu khlaaye| ____ 2010_05

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202 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 pattana pahu~ce | paMcavargIya bhikSuoM ne unheM dUra se Ate hue dekhaa| sabhI ne yaha dRr3ha nizcaya kiyA - "gautama buddha aba saMgrahazIla va sAdhanA bhraSTa ho gayA hai; ata: usakA Adara-satkAra na kiyA jAye, abhivAdana na kiyA jAye, satkArArtha khar3e bhI nahIM honA cAhie aura usakA pAtra, cIvara Adi bhI nahIM lenA cAhie / kevala Asana rakha denA caahie| yadi icchA hogI, to svayaM hI baiTha jAyegA / " kintu, jyoM-jyoM buddha samIpa Ate gae, bhikSuka apanI pratijJA para sthira na raha sake / unameM se kisI ne samIpa jAkara unakA pAtra - cIvara liyA, kisI ne Asana bichAyA, kisI ne pAnI, pAdapITha aura paira ragar3ane kI lakar3I lAkara pAsa meM rakhI / gautama buddha bichAe hue Asana para baiThe | paira ghoye / bhikSuoM ne unheM 'Avusa' kaha kara pukArA to buddha ne unheM kahA - "bhikSuo ! tathAgata ko nAmagraha tathA 'Avusa' kaha kara nahIM pukArA jAtA / bhikSuo ! tathAgata arhat samyak sambuddha hai| suno, maiMne jisa amRta ko pAyA hai, usakA tumheM upadeza karatA hU~ / isa vidhi se AcaraNa karane para tumheM isI janma meM atizIghra anupama brahmacarya - phala kA upalAbha hogA / " 1 gautama buddha ke kathana kA prativAda karate hue paMcavargIya bhikSuoM ne kahA-' - "Avasa ! gautama ! usa sAdhanA aura duSkara tapasyA meM bhI tuma AryoM ke jJAna darzana kI parAkASThA kI vizeSatA va divyazakti ko nahIM pA sake, to saMgrahazIla aura tapo bhraSTa hokara khAnA-pInA Arambha kara dene para to saddharma kA bodha kaise pA sakoge ?" tathAgata ne unake kathana kA prativAda kiyA aura apane abhimata ko duhraayaa| paMcavargIya bhikSuoM ne bhI punaH usakA prativAda kiyA / do-tIna bAra donoM hI ora se prativAda hote rahe / antataH tathAgata bole - "bhikSuo ! isase pUrva bhI kyA maiMne kabhI isa prakAra kahA hai ?" paMcavargIya bhikSu cintana-lIna ho ge| unhoMne kucha kSaNa bAda kahA - "nahIM, pahale to kabhI bhI aisA nahIM kahA / " tathAgata ne kahA- "to phira mere kathana kI ora dhyAna kyoM nahIM dete ? mujhe amRta kA mArga mila gayA hai| isa mArga ko apanAne se zIghra hI vimukti milegI / " paMcavargIya bhikSuoM ko samajhAne meM tathAgata saphala hue| mikSu dattAvadhAna hokara upadeza sunane meM lIna ho gaye / usa samaya bhagavAna ne unheM sambodhana karate hue sarvaprathama dharmacakra pravartana sUtra kahA / usa samaya unhoMne kahA - "bhikSuo ! ati indriya-bhoga aura ati dehadaNDana ; ina do antoM (atiyoM) kA pravrajitoM ko sevana nahIM karanA cAhie / yahI madhyama mArga ( madhyama pratipadA) hai / " taba dRSTa dharma, vidita dharma aura madhyama pratipadA vizArada hokara kauNDinya ne bhagavAn se kahA- "bhante ! bhagavAn ke pAsa mujhe pravrajyA mile, upasampadA mile|" bhagavAn ne kahA -' - " bhikSu ! Ao / (yaha ) dharma su-AkhyAta hai| acchI taraha duHkha ke kSaya ke lie brahmacarya ( yahI usa AyuSmAn kI upasampadA huI / kAlakrama se anya cAroM kI bhI upasampadA huI / tatpazcAt bhagavAn ne paMcavargIya bhikSuoM ko upadeza diyA, jisako sunakara bhikSuoM kA citta AsravoM (maloM) se vilaga ho mukta ho gayA / usa samaya loka meM cha: arhat the / zramaNa dharma) kA pAlana karo / " 1. vinaya piTaka, mahAvagga, mahAkhandhaka, 1 1 6 va 7 ke AdhAra se / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] bhikSu-saMgha aura usakA vistAra 203 yaza aura anya caupana kumAra yaza vArANasI ke zreSThI' kA sukamAra putra thaa| usake nivAsa ke lie hemanta, grISma va varSAvAsa ke lie pRthak-pRthak prAsAda the / varSA Rtu meM vaha cAroM hI mahIne varSAkAlika prAsAda meM vAsa karatA thaa| vaha kabhI nIce nahIM utaratA thaa| pratidina striyoM dvArA bAdita vAdyoM kI madhura dhvani ke bIca Ananda magna rahatA thaa| eka dina yaza kulaputra apane AvAsa meM so rahA thaa| sahasA usakI AMkheM khulIM-dIpaka ke prakAza meM usane apane parijana ko dekhA, kisI ke bagala meM vINA par3I hai, kisI ke gale meM mRdaGga hai, kisI ke keza bikhare par3e haiM, kisI ke muha se lAra Tapaka rahI hai to koI barrA rahA hai| zmazAna-sadRza dRzya dekhakara usake mana meM ghRNA utpanna huii| hRdaya vairAgya se bhara gyaa| usake muha se sahasA udAna nikala par3A-"hA ! saMtapta !! hA ! pIr3ita !!" sunahale jUte pahana yaza kulaputra ghara se bAhara aayaa| nagara-dvAra kI sImA ko lA~ghatA huA vaha RSipattana ke mRgadAva meM phuNcaa| usa samaya buddha khule sthAna meM Tahala rahe the| unhoMne dUra se hI Ate hue yaza ko dekhA to biche hue Asana para baiTha gaye / yaza ne unake samIpa jAkara apane usI udAna ko doharAyA-"hA ! saMtapta !! hA! pIr3ita !!" buddha ne kahA"yahAM saMtapti aura pIr3A nahIM hai| A, baiTha, tujhe dharma batAtA huuN|" yaza usa vANI se bahuta AhlAdita huaa| usane sunahale jUte utAre aura bhagavAn ke pAsa jAkara unheM abhivAdana kara, samIpa baiTha gyaa| bhagavAn ne use kAma-vAsanAoM ke duSpariNAma, niSkarmatA Adi kA mAhAtmya btaayaa| jaba unhoMne use bhavyacitta, mRducitta, anAcchAditacitta aura prasannacitta dekhA, to duHkha, samudaya-duHkha kA kAraNa, nirogha-duHkha kA nAza aura mArga-duHkha-nAza kA upAya btlaayaa| kAlimA-rahita zuddha vastra jisa prakAra acchI taraha raMga pakar3atA hai, vaise hI yaza kulaputra ko usI Asana para nirmala dharma-cakSu utpanna huaa| yaza kulaputra kI mAtA usake prAsAda meM aaii| apane kumAra ko jaba vahA~ nahIM dekhA, to atyanta khinna hokara zreSThI ke pAsa aaii| usase sArA udanta khaa| gRhapati ne cAroM ora apane dUta daur3Aye aura svayaM bhI usake anveSaNa ke lie ghara se claa| sahasA RSipattana ke magadAva kI ora nikala pdd'o| sanahale jUtoM ke cinha dekhakara unake pIche-pIche lgaa| buddha ne dUra se hI zreSThI ko apanI ora Ate dekhaa| unake mana meM vicAra huA, kyoM na maiM apane yoga-bala se yaza ko gRhapati ke lie adRzya kara duuN| unhoMne aisA hI kiyA / zreSThI ne buddha ke pAsa jAkara pUchA-"bhante ! kyA bhagavAn ne yaza kulaputra ko kahIM dekhA hai ?" buddha ne kahA- gRhapati ! yahAM baiTha ! yahA~ tU apane putra ko dekha skegaa|" gRhapati bahuta harSita huA aura vaha abhivAdana kara eka ora baiTha gyaa| buddha ne use upadeza diyaa| zreSThI gRhapati ko bhI usI Asana para nirmala dharma-cakSu utpanna huaa| dharma meM svatantra ho vaha bolA- "Azcarya ! bhante !! Azcarya ! bhante !! jisa prakAra auMdhe ko sIdhA kara deM, 1. zreSThI nagara kA avaitanika padAdhikArI hotA thA, jo ki dhanika vyApAriyoM meM se banAyA jAtA thaa| 2010_05

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204 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 AvRtta ko anAvRtta kara de, bhUle ko mArga dikhA de, andhakAra meM taila-pradIpa rakha de, jisase ki sanetra rUpa dekha sakeM, usI prakAra bhagavAn ne bhI aneka paryAya se dharma ko prakAzita kiyA hai / maiM bhagavAn kI zaraNa jAtA hUM, dharma aura bhikSu saMgha kI bhI / Aja se mujhe sA~jali zaraNAgata upAsaka grahaNa kareM / " vaha gRhapati hI saMsAra meM buddha, dharma aura saMgha kI zaraNa grahaNa karane vAlA prathama upAsaka banA / pitA ko die gae dharmopadeza ko sunate hue va usa para gambhIra cintana karate hue yaza kulaputra kA citta alipta va AsravoM -- doSoM se mukta ho gayA / buddha ne isa sthiti ko phicaanaa| unako dRr3ha vizvAsa ho gayA, kisI bhI prayatna se yaza pUrva avasthA kI taraha kAmopabhoga karane ke yogya nahIM hai| unhoMne apane yoga-bala ke prabhAva kA pratyAharaNa kara liyA / yaza apane pitA ko vahAM baiThA dikhAI dene lagA | gRhapati ne usase kahA - "tAta ! tere viyoga meM terI mAM kalapa rahI hai / vaha zokArtta ho rudana kara rahI hai / use tU jIvanadAna de|" yaza ne buddha kI ora nihArA / buddha ne tatkAla gRhapati ko kahA - " "gRhapati ! jisa prakAra tUne apUrNa jJAna darzana se bhI dharma ko dekhA hai, kyA vaise hI yaza ne bhI dekhA hai ? darzana, zravaNa aura pratyavekSaNa se usakA citta alipta hokara AsravoM se mukta ho gayA hai| kyA yaha pahale kI taraha aba kAmopabhoga meM Asakta hogA ?" gRhapati kA sira zraddhA se jhuka gayA aura sahaja hI zabda nikale- - "bhante ! aisA to nahIM hogA / " buddha ne phira kahA - "yaza kulaputra kA mana aba saMsAra se ucaTa gayA hai, yaha saMsAra ke yogya nahIM rahA hai / " gRhapati ne nivedana kiyA- "bhante ! yaha yaza kulaputra ke lAbha va sulAbha ke lie huA hai / Apa ise anugAmI bhikSu banAyeM aura merA Aja kA bhojana svIkAra kreN| " buddha se mauna svIkRti pAkara gRhapati vahAM se uThA aura abhivAdana pUrvaka pradakSiNA dekara calA gayA / yaza kulaputra ne usake anantara buddha se pravrajyA aura upasampadA kI yAcanA kI / buddha ne kahA- - "bhikSu ! Ao, dharma su-AkhyAta hai / acchI taraha duHkha-kSaya ke lie brahmacarya kA pAlana karo / / " aura yaha usa AyuSmAn kI upasampadA huI / usa samaya loka meM sAta arhat the / vArANasI ke zreSThI - anuzreSThiyoM ke kula ke kumAra vimala, subAhu, pUrNajit aura gavAMpati; AyuSmAn yaza ke cAra gRhI mitra the / yaza ke pravrajita ho jAne kA unhoMne saMvAda sunA to unake bhI cintana ubharA, jisa dharma-sampradAya meM yaza pravrajita huA hai, vaha sAdhAraNa nahIM hogaa| avazya hI koI vizeSa hogaa| ve apane AvAsoM se cale aura bhikSu yaza ke pAsa bhikSu yaza unheM buddha ke pAsa le gayA / abhibuddha se unakA paricaya karAyA aura updiyaa| cAroM hI mitra dharma meM vizArada yAcanA kI / buddha ne tatkAla unakI prArthanA citta AsravoM se mukta ho gaye / usa samaya pahu~ce / abhivAdana kara eka ora khar3e ho gaye / vAdana kara ve eka ora zAnta-citta baiTha gaye / yaza |deza dene kI prArthanA kI / buddha ne unheM divya upadeza hue aura unhoMne bhI pravrajyA va upasampadA kI svIkAra kI / tatkAla upadeza sunate hI unake loka meM gyAraha arhat the / ne 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] bhikSu-saMgha aura usakA vistAra 205 grAmavAsI paccAsa gRhI-mitroM ne yaza ke pravrajita hone kA saMvAda sunA to ve bhI bhikSa saMgha kI prabhAvanA se AkRSTa hokara buddha ke pAsa Aye aura upadeza sunakara pravajita ho gaye tathA unake citta Asrava-rahita ho gaye / usa samaya loka meM ikasaTha arhata the| vArANasI meM rahate-rahate buddha ne uparyukta sATha upasampadAeM kiiN| inhIM sATha bhikSuoM meM unhoMne carata bhikkhave cArikA, carata bhikkhave cArikA kA suvikhyAta sandeza diyA / yahIM se unhoMne samasta bhikSuoM ko svayaM upasampadA dene kI anujJA dI / lagatA hai, bhikSu-saMgha kI vRddhi ke lie cArikA-sandeza aura upasampadA-nirdeza varadAna rUpa ho gye| madravargIya buddha ne sATha bhikSuoM ko cArikA-sandeza ke prasArArtha bhinna-bhinna dizAoM meM bhejaa| vArANasI se prasthAna kara svayaM uruvelA aaye| mArga se haTakara eka udyAna meM vRkSa ke nIce vizrAma liyaa| madravargIya tIsa mitra apanI patniyoM ke sAtha usI udyAna meM krIr3A kara rahe the / eka mitra ke patnI nahIM thI: ataH usake lie eka vezyA lAI gii| tIsa yavaka aura yuvatiyAM Amoda-pramoda meM itane magna ho gaye ki ve apanI sudha-budha hI bhUla gaye / vezyA ne usa avasara kA lAbha uThAyA aura vaha AbhaSaNa Adi bahamulya vastueM uThAkara calatI bnii| sudha meM Ane para jaba unheM jJAta huA, to apane mitra ke sahayoga meM sabhI mitroM ne udyAna ke cappecappe ko chAna DAlA / ve ghUmate hue usa vRkSa ke nIce bhI pahuMca gaye, jahA~ ki buddha baiThe the| sabhI ne vaha ghaTanA batAI aura vezyA ke udhara Agamana ke bAre meM unase prazna kiyaa| buddha ne tatkAla pratiprazna kiyA- "kumAro! usa strI kI khoja ko Avazyaka mAnate ho yA apanI (AtmA kI) khoja ko ?" sabhI ne eka svara se uttara diyA- "hamAre lie AtmA kI khoja hI sabase uttama buddha ne unheM upadeza diyaa| sabhI bhadravargIya mitra dharma meM vizArada ho gaye aura unhoMne buddha se upasampadA prApta kii| eka hajAra parivrAjaka bhagavAn buddha uruvelA phuNce| vahA~ uruvela kAzyapa, naMdI kAzyapa aura gayA kAzyapa; tIna jaTila (jaTAdhArI) baMdhu agnihotra pUrvaka tapazcaryA kara rahe the| unake kramazaH pA~ca sau, tIna sau aura do sau ziSyoM kA parivAra thA / buddha uruvela kAzyapa jaTila ke Azrama meM pahu~ce / agnizAlA meM vAsa kiyaa| prathama rAtri meM unhoMne nAga kA teja khIMcakara usakI caNDatA samApta kara dii| 1. vinaya piTaka, mahAvagga, mahAkhandhaka, 1-1-8 se 10 ke AdhAra se| 2. vinaya piTaka, mahAvagga, mahAkhandhaka, 1-1-13 ke AdhAra se / 3. vistAra ke lie dekheM, 'pariSaha aura titikSA' prakaraNa ke antargata 'caNDanAga-vijaya' / ___ 2010_05

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206 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa : 1 uruvela kAzyapa usa cAmatkArika ghaTanA se bahuta prabhAvita huaa| mahAdivya zaktidhara va mahAanubhavI buddha kA usane lohA maanaa| unheM apane Azrama meM vihAra ke lie Agraha aura nivedana kiyA- maiM pratidina bhojana se tumhArI sevA kruuNgaa|" buddha vahA~ rahane lage / eka bAra uruvela kAzyapa ke samakSa eka mahAyajJa kA prasaMga upasthita huaa| usa yajJa meM aMga-magadha-nivAsI bahusaMkhyaka janatA khAdya-bhojya sAmagrI lekara upasthita hone vAlI thii| uruvela kAzyapa ke mana meM sahasA vicAra huA, yajJa-prasaMga para bahuta sArI janatA ekatrita hogii| yadi isa samaya mahAzramaNa ne jana-samudAya ko camatkAra dikhalAyA, to usakA lAbha va satkAra bar3hegA aura merA ghttegaa| kitanA sundara hotA, yadi mahAzramaNa isa avasara para yahA~ na hotaa| uruvela kAzyapa kA mAnasika abhiprAya buddha ne jAna liyaa| ve uttarakuru pahu~ca gye| vahA~ se bhikSAnna le anavatapta sarovara para bhojana kiyA aura dina meM vahIM vihAra kiyaa| rAta samApta huI / uruvela kAzyapa buddha ke pAsa pahuMcA aura bolA--"mahAzramaNa ! bhojana kA samaya hai / bhAta taiyAra ho gaye haiN| mahAzramaNa ! kala kyoM nahIM Aye ? hama loga Apako yAda karate rahe / Apake bhojana kA bhAga rakhA par3A hai|" buddha ne uruvela kAzyapa kI kalaI kholate hue usake pracchanna mAnasika abhiprAya ko prakaTa kiyA aura kahA- "isIlie maiM kala yahA~ nahIM rhaa|" uruvela kAzyapa ke mana meM vicAra AyA, mahAzramaNa divya zaktidhara hai| apane citta se dUsare ke citta ko sahaja hI jAna letA hai, phira bhI yaha mere jaisA arhat nahIM hai| uruvela kAzyapa dvArA pradatta bhojana buddha ne grahaNa kiyA aura usI vana-khaNDa meM vihAra karane lge| eka samaya unheM kucha purAne cIvara prApta hue| unake mana meM AyA, inheM kahA~ dhonA cAhie ? zakrendra ne unake abhiprAya ko jAna liyA aura apane hAtha se puSkariNI khoda ddaalii| nivedana kiyA--"bhante ! Apa ye cIvara yahA~ dhoeN|" tatkAla dUsarA vicAra AyA, inheM kahA~ pchaadd'| zakrendra ne tatkAla vahA~ eka bar3I bhArI zilA rakha dii| jaba unake mana meM yaha abhiprAya huA, kisakA Alambana lekara nIce utruuN| zakendra ne tatkAla kakudha vRkSa kI zAkhA laTakA dii| vastroM ko sukhAne ke lie kahA~ phailAU~, jaba unake mana meM yaha abhiprAya huA, to zakendra ne tatkAla eka bar3I bhArI zilA DAla dii| rAta biitii| uruvela kAzyapa buddha ke pAsa gayA aura bhojana ke lie nimantraNa diyaa| abhUtapUrva puSkariNI, zilA, kakudha-zAkhA Adi ko dekhakara unake bAre meM bhI pazna kiyaa| buddha ne sArI ghaTanA sunaaii| uruvela kAzyapa jaTila ke mana meM AyA, mahAzramaNa divya zaktidhara hai, phira bhI mere jaisA arhat nahIM hai| buddha ne AhAra grahaNa kiyA aura vahIM vihAra karane lge| eka bAra akAla megha brsaa| bAr3ha-sI A gii| buddha jisa pradeza meM vihAra kara rahe the, vaha pAnI meM DUba gyaa| buddha ke mana meM AyA, cAroM ora se pAnI ko haTAkara kyoM na maiM sthala pradeza meM caMkramaNa kruuN| unhoMne vaisA hI kiyaa| sahasA uruvela kAzyapa ke mana meM AyA, mahAzramaNa jala meM DUba gae hoNge| nAva va bahuta sAre jaTiloM ko sAtha lekara buddha ke pAsa aayaa| unhoMne buddha ko sthala pradeza meM caMkramaNa karate dekhaa| uruvela kAzyapa ne sAzcarya pUchA-"mahAzramaNa ! kyA tuma hI ho ?" buddha ne kahA-"hAM, maiM hI huuN|" ve AkAza meM ur3e aura nAva meM jAkara khar3e ho gaye / uruvela kAzyapa ke mana meM phira vicAra AyA, mahAzramaNa avazya hI divya zaktidhara hai, kintu, mere jaisA arhat nahIM hai| 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] bhikSu saMgha aura usakA vistAra 307 buddha ne isa prakAra pandraha prAtihArya dikhalAye, para, uruvela mana meM usI prakAra socatA rahA / anta meM usakI isa dhAraNA kA nirAkaraNa karane ke nimitta buddha ne kahA - "kAzyapa ! tU na to arhat hai ora na arhata ke mArga para ArUr3ha / usa sUjha se bhI tU sarvathA rahita hai, jisase ki arhata ho sake yA arhat ke mArga para ArUr3ha ho sake / ' buddha ke isa kathana se uruvela kA sira zraddhA se jhuka gyaa| unake caraNoM meM apanA mastaka rakha kara vaha bolA- "bhante ! mujhe Apa se pravajyA mile, upasampadA mile / " buddha ne atyanta komala zabdoM meM kahA - "kAzyapa ! tU pA~ca sau jaTiloM kA netA hai / unakI ora bhI dekha / " uruvela kAzyapa ne buddha ke isa saMketa ko zirodhArya kiyA / apane pA~ca sau jaTiloM ke pAsa gayA / mahAzramaNa ke pAsa jAkara brahmacarya grahaNa karane ke apane abhiprAya se unheM sUcita kiyaa| unako nirdeza kiyA - "tuma saba svataMtra ho / jaisA cAho, vaisA kro| " kucha cintana ke anantara sabhI ne eka sAtha kahA - "hama mahAzramaNa se prabhAvita haiM / yadi Apa unake pAsa brahmacarya-caraNa kareMge to hama bhI Apake anugata hoNge|" sabhI jaTila eka sAtha uThe / unhoMne apanI keza-sAmagrI, jaTA - sAmagrI, bholI, ghI kI ke sAmagrI, agnihotra kI sAmagrI Adi apane sAmAna ko jala meM pravAhita kiyA aura buddha pAsa upasthita hue | natamastaka hokara pravrajyA aura upasampadA kI yAcanA kI / buddha ne unakI prArthanA ko svIkAra kiyA aura upasampadA pradAna kI / naMdI kAzyapa ne nadI meM pravAhita sAmagrI ko dekhA, to use bahuta Azcarya huA / use apane bhAI ke aniSTa kI AzaMkA huI / apane sabhI jaTiloM ko sAtha lekara uruvela kAsyapa ke pAsa aayaa| use zramaNa- paryAya meM dekhakara vaha cakita ho gyaa| sahasA usake mu~ha se prazna nikalA - "kAzyapa ! kyA yaha acchA hai ?" uruvela kAzyapa ne uttara diyA- "hA~ Avusa ! yaha acchA hai / " naMdI kAzyapa ne bhI apanI sArI sAmagrI jala meM visarjita kara dI aura usane apane tIna sau jaTiloM ke parivAra se buddha ke pAsa upasampadA svIkAra kI / gayA kAzyapa ne bhI jala meM pravAhita sAmagrI ko dekhaa| vaha bhI apane bandhuoM ke pAsa AyA aura unase usa bAre meM jijJAsA kI / samAdhAna pAkara usane apane do sau jaTiloM ke sAtha buddha se upasampadA svIkAra kI / uruvelA se prasthAna kara buddha eka sahasra jaTila mikSuoM ke mahAsaMgha ke sAtha gayA Aye / ' sAriputta aura mauggallAna rAjagRha meM DhAI sau parivrAjakoM ke parivAra se saMjaya parivrAjaka rahatA thA / sAriputta aura moggallAna usake pramukha ziSya the / ve saMjaya parivrAjaka ke pAsa brahmacaryaM caraNa karate the| donoM ne eka sAtha nizcaya kiyA, jise sarvaprathama amRta prApta ho, vaha dUsare ko tatkAla sUcita kareM / bhikSu azvajit pUrvAhna meM vyavasthita ho, pAtra va cIvara lekara, ati sundara Alokanavilokana ke sAtha, , saMkocana - vikocana ke sAtha, adhodRSTi tathA saMyamita gati se bhikSA ke lie 1. vinaya piTaka, mahAvagga, mahAkhandhaka, 1-1-14 va 15 ke AdhAra se / 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 se rAjagRha meM praviSTa hue / sAriputta ne unheM dekhaa| vaha unakI zAnta aura gambhIra mukhAkRti bahuta prabhAvita huaa| usake mana meM AyA, loka meM jo arhat yA arhat-mArga para ArUr3ha haiM, unameM se yaha bhikSu bhI eka hI ho sakatA hai / kyoM na maiM ise pUcheM ki Apa kisa guru ke pAsa pravrajita hue hai, zAstA kauna hai aura kisa dharma ko mAnate haiM / dUsare hI kSaNa sAriputta ke mana meM adhyavasAya utpanna huA, yaha bhikSu isa samaya bhikSA ke lie ghUma rahA hai; ataH prazna pUchane kA ucita avasara nahIM 1 kyoM na maiM isake pIche-pIche calUM aura isake Azrama meM pahu~ca kara hI maiM apanA samAdhAna karU~ / 208 AyuSmAn azvajit rAjagRha se bhikSA lekara Azrama lauTa Aye / sAriputta bhI unake pIche-pIche hI pahu~ca gayA / azvajit se kuzala prazna kiyA aura eka ora khar3A ho gayA / usane azvajita kI prazaMsA karate hue kahA - " Avusa ! tumhArI indriyA~ prasanna haiM / tumhArI chavi parizuddha tathA ujjvala hai / tuma kisako guru karake pravrajita hue ho, tumhArA zAstA kauna hai aura tuma kisakA dharma mAnate ho ?" - I azvajit ne kahA - " zAkya kula meM utpanna zAkyaputra mahAzramaNa haiM / unheM hI guru mAnakara maiM pravrajita huA hU~ / ve hI bhagavAn mere zAstA haiM aura unakA dharma hI maiM mAnatA hU~ / " sAriputta ne jijJAsA karate hue kahA - "tumhAre zAstA kisa siddhAnta ko mAnane vAle haiM / " azvajit ne vinamrabhAva se kahA - "maiM isa dharma meM sadyaH hI praviSTa huA hU~ / nava pravrajita hone se maiM tumheM vistAra se nahIM batalA sakatA, kintu, saMkSepa meM avazya batalA sakatA hU~ / " sAriputta ne utsukatA vyakta karate hue kahA- "Avusa ! alpa yA adhika ; kucha bhI mujhe batalAo / saMkSepa meM hI batalAo, adhika vistAra se mujhe prayojana nahIM hai / " AyuSmAn azvajit ne taba dharma-prayAya batalAte hue duHkha, duHkha samudaya, du:kha nirodha evaM du:kha nirodha- gAminI pratipadA kA saMkSepa meM pratipAdana kiyA aura kahA - "mahAzramaNa kA yaha vAda siddhAnta hai / " zravaNamAtra se hI sAriputta ko vimala dharma cakSu utpanna huA / vihita pratijJA ke anusAra moggalAna ko sUcanA dene ke lie aayaa| mauggallAna ne use dUra se hI Ate hue dekhaa| vaha usakI zAnta, saMyamita va gambhIra gati se bahuta prabhAvita huA / sahasA usake muMha se nikalA - "kyA tujhe amRta kI prApti ho gaI hai ?" sAriputta ne svIkRti sUcaka uttara diyaa| moggallAna kA agalA prazna thA, tU ne vaha kahAM se pAyA ? sAriputta ne sArA vRtta batalAyA / mauggallAna ko vizeSa prasannatA huI aura use bhI dharma cakSu utpanna huaa| donoM ne tatkAla nizcaya kiyA, hama bhagavAn ke pAsa caleM / hI hamAre zAstA hai / hamAre Azrama meM rahane vAle DhAI sau parivrAjakoM ko bhI sUcita kara deN| ve bhI jaisA cAheM, kara sakeM / DhAI sau parivrAjakoM ne sAriputta aura moggallAna ke nizcaya kA svAgata kiyA aura unhoMne bhI zAstA kI zaraNa grahaNa karane kI abhilASA vyakta kI / sAriputta aura mauggallAna ne saMjaya parivrAjaka ko apane sAmUhika nizcaya se sUcita kiyaa| unheM yaha ucita pratIta nahIM huA / unhoMne isakA prativAda karate hue kahA -- 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] bhikSu-saMgha aura usakA vistAra 206 ''Avuso ! tuma vahA~ mata jaao| hama tInoM milakara isa parivrAjaka saMgha kA netRtva kreNge|" sAriputta aura mauggallAna ne saMjaya ke kathana kA prativAda kiyA aura apane abhimata ko dotIna bAra duhraayaa| saMjaya parivrAjaka ne apanI bAta ko usI prakAra duhraayaa| usake muMha se vahIM garma khUna nikalane lgaa| sAriputta aura mauggallAna ne saMjaya kA sAtha chor3a diyA aura apane pUre parivAra ke sAtha veNuvana pahu~ca gaye / buddha ne unheM dUra se hI Ate hue dekhA to bhikSaoM ko sambodhita karate hue kahA-"kolita (moggallAna), upatiSya (sAriputta), ye donoM mitra pradhAna ziSya-yugala hoMge; bhadra-yugala hoNge|" donoM hI parivrAjakoM ne apane ziSya-parivAra ke sAtha abhivAdana kiyA aura upasampadA grahaNa kara viharaNa karane lge|' mahAkAccAyana mahAkAccAyana kA janma ujjaina meM purohita ke ghara meM huaa| gotra ke kAraNa ve kAccAyana kI abhidhA se prasiddha hue| bar3e hokara unhoMne tInoM veda pddh'e| pitA kI mRtyu ke bAda unheM purohita kA pada prApta huaa| rAjA caNDapradyota ne eka bAra apane amAtyoM ko ekatrita kara Adeza diyA-loka meM buddha utpanna hue haiN| koI vahAM jAkara unheM yahA~ avazya lAye / amAtyoM ne nivedana kiyA-"deva ! AcArya kAtyAyana hI isa kArya ke lie samartha haiN| Apa unheM hI dAyitva sauNpeN|" rAjA ne unheM bulAyA aura apanI icchA vyakta kii| AcArya kAtyAyana ne eka zarta prastuta karate hue kahA-'yadi mujhe pravrajyA kI anujJA mile, to maiM jaauuNgaa|" rAjA canDapradyota ne use svIkAra karate hue kahA-'jaise bhI ho, rAjya meM tathAgata kA Agamana Avazyaka hai|" AcArya kAccAyana ne yaha dAyitva apane para le liyaa| prasthAna kI taiyArI karate hue unhoMne socA, isa nimaMtraNa ke lie janasamUha kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| unhoMne apane sAtha sAta vyaktiyoM ko liyaa| buddha ke pAsa phuNce| buddha ne unheM dharmopadeza diyaa| sabhI vyakti pratisaMvit ho arhat-pada ko prApta hue / zAstA ne 'bhikSuoM ! Ao' kaha hAtha phailAyA / usa samaya ve sabhI muNDita mastaka, Rddhi-prApta, pAtra-cIvara dhAraNa kiye, sau varSa ke sthavira ke sadRza ho gye| pravrajita hone ke bAda sthavira kAtyAyana mauna hokara nahIM baiThe / unhoMne zAstA ko ujjaina calane ke lie nimaMtraNa diyaa| zAstA ne unakI bAta ko dhyAna pUrvaka sunA aura kahA-"buddha eka kAraNa se na jAne yogya sthAna meM nahIM jAte; ataH bhikSu ! tU hI jaa| tere jAne para hI rAjA prasanna hogaa|" sthavira kAtyAyana ne socA, buddhoM kI do bAteM nahIM huA krtiiN| unhoMne tathAgata ko vandanA kI aura apane sAtoM sAthiyoM ko sAtha le ujjaina kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| rAste meM telappanAlI nAmaka kasbe meM bhikSAcAra karane gye| vahA~ do lar3akiyA~ rahatI thiiN| eka lar3akI daridra ghara meM paidA huI thii| mAtA-pitA kI mRtyu ke bAda eka dAI ne use paalaa-possaa| usakA lAvaNya nirupama thA aura keza bahuta pralamba the| dUsarI lar3akI usI kasbe meM aizvarya-sampanna eka seTha ke ghara paidA huI thI, kintu, keza-hInA thii| usane daridra lar3akI ke pAsa sandeza bhejA, 1. vinaya piTaka, mahAvagga, mahAsandhaka, 1-1-18 ke AdhAra se| 2010_05

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210 Agama aura tripiTika : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa :1 maiM tumheM sau yA hajAra dUMgI, yadi tU apane keza mujhe de de| daridra-kanyA ne usake prastAva ko ThakarA diyaa| sthavira kAtyAyana ko daridra lar3akI ne apane grAma meM bhikSA ke lie ghUmate hue dekhaa| sthavira khAlI pAtra hI lauTa rahe the| usane socA, mere pAsa dhana hotA to aisA nahIM hone detii| use dhanika kanyA kA prastAva yAda aayaa| usane apane keza use beca kara prApta dhana se sthavira ko bhikSA dene kA nizcaya kiyaa| usane dAI ko tatkAla bhejA aura sAthiyo-sahita sthavira ko apane ghara bulA liyaa| dAI se apane kezoM ko kaTavA kara kahA-"ammA ! ina kezoM ko amuka seTha kI kanyA ko de aa| jo Aya hogI, usase maiM AryoM ko bhikSA duuNgii|" keza-kartana se dAI ko AghAta phuNcaa| phira bhI usane hAtha se A~sU poMche, dhIraja bAMdhA aura keza lekara usa seTha kI kanyA ke pAsa gii| sArapUrNa uttama vastu AyAcita hI yadi pAsa AtI hai to usakA vaha Adara nahIM hotaa| ina kezoM ke sAtha bhI aisA hI huaa| seThakanyA ne sahasA socA, maiM bahuta sArA dhana dekara ina kezoM ko kharIdanA cAhatI thI, para, mujhe ye prApta na ho ske| para, aba to ye kaTe hue haiM; ataH ucita mUlya hI denA hogaa| usane dAI se kahA-"jIvita keza ATha kArSApaNa ke hote haiN|" aura usane keza lekara ATha kArSApaNa usake hAtha meM thamA diye| dAI ne ve kArSApaNa lAkara kanyA ko diye| kanyA ne eka-eka kArSApaNa kA eka-eka bhikSAnna tayAra kara sthaviroM ko pradAna kiyaa| sthavira kAtyAyana ne daridra-kanyA ke vicAroM ko jAna liyA aura dAI se pUchA-"kanyA kahA~ hai ?" dAI ne uttara diyA-"Arya ! vaha to ghara meM hai|" sthavira ne punaH kahA-"use bulaao|" daridra-kanyA sthavira dvArA ajJAta bhAvoM ko jAna lene para unase bahuta prabhAvita huii| usake mana meM bahuta zraddhA utpanna huii| usane vahA~ Akara sthavira ko abhivandanA kii| sundara kheta (supAtra) meM diyA bhikSAnna usI janma meM phala detA hai| isalie sthaviroM ko vandanA karate samaya hI kanyA ke keza pUrvavat ho gye| sthaviroM ne usa bhikSAnna ko grahaNa kiyA aura kanyA ke dekhate-dekhate AkAza meM ur3a kara kAMcana-vana meM jA utre| mAlI ne rAjA caNDapradyota ko sUcita kiyA--"deva ! Arya purohita kAtyAyana pravajita ho, udyAna meM Aye haiN|" rAjA Anandita huA aura udyAna meM phuNcaa| sthaviroM ke bhojana kara cukane para rAjA ne pA~ca aMgoM se unheM vandanA kI aura pUchA-'bhante ! bhagavAn kahA~ haiM ?" sthavira kAtyAyana ne uttara diyA-"mahArAja ! zAstA svayaM nahIM aaye| unhoMne mujhe bhejA hai|" rAjA kA agalA prazna thA-'Aja Apane bhikSA kahA~ pAI ?" sthavira ne daridra-kanyA ke duSkara kArya kA sArA vRtAMta sunaayaa| rAjA usase bahuta prabhAvita haa| usane sthaviroM ke rahane kA prabandha kiyA aura bhojana kA nimaMtraNa dekara lauTa aayaa| daridra-kanyA ko bulAyA aura use agramahiSI ke pada para sthApita kiyaa| sthavira kA bahuta satkAra karane lgaa| daridra-kanyA ke putra huaa| mAtAmaha ke nAma para usakA gopAlakumAra nAmakaraNa kiyA gayA aura vaha rAnI gopAla-mAtA ke nAma se vizruta huii| usane rAjA se kaha kara kAMcana-vana 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA bhikSu-saMgha aura usakA vistAra 211 meM sthaviroM ke lie vihAra bnvaayaa| sthaviroM ne ujjaina nagara ko anurakta banAyA aura zAstA ke pAsa cale gye| dasa sahastra nAgarika, nanda va rAhula mahArAja zuddhodana ko yaha jJAta huA ki merA putra chaH varSa taka duSkara tapazcaryA karane ke anantara, parama abhisambodhi ko prApta kara va dharmacakra kA pravartana kara isa samaya veNuvana meM vihAra kara rahA hai / usa samaya usane apane amAtya se kahA-"eka hajAra vyaktiyoM ke sAtha rAjagRha jAkara buddha se kaho-'Apake pitA mahArAja zuddhodana Apake darzana karanA cAhate haiN| use apane sAtha le aao|" amAtya ne rAjA kA Adeza zirodhArya kiyA aura hajAra vyaktiyoM ke sAtha sATha yojana mArga ko lAMghakara rAjagRha ke veNuvana phuNcaa| buddha usa samaya cAra prakAra kI pariSad (bhikSu, bhikSuNI, upAsaka aura upAsikAoM) ke bIca dharmopadeza kara rahe the / vaha vihAra ke andara gyaa| rAjA kA sandeza buddha ko nivedana na kara, eka ora khar3A ho, vaha upadeza-zravaNa meM lIna ho gyaa| vahA~ khar3e-khar3e hajAra vyaktiyoM sahita amAtya ne arhat-pada ko prApta kiyA aura pravrajyA kI yAcanA kii| "bhikSuoM ! Ao", kahate hue buddha ne hAtha phailaayaa| cAmatkA. rika rUpa meM ve sabhI pAtra-cIvara dhAraNa kiye zatavarSIya vRddha sthavira ho gye| arhat-pada prApta hone para madhyastha bhAva ko prApta ho jAte haiN| ataH usane rAjA kA bhejA haA saMdeza-patra baddha ko nahIM diyaa| amAtya lauTakara bhI nahIM AyA aura samAcAra bhI nahIM pahuMcAyA to rAjA ne usI prakAra hajAra vyaktiyoM ke samUha ke sAtha dUsare amAtya ko bhejaa| vaha bhI apane anucaroM ke sAtha arhattva pAkara mauna ho gyaa| vApasa nahIM lauttaa| rAjA ne hajAra-hajAra puruSoM ke sAtha nau amAtyoM ko bhejaa| sabhI apanA-apanA Atmonnati kA kArya kara mauna ho. vahIM viharane lge| koI bhI lauTakara nahIM aayaa| rAjA vicAra meM par3a gyaa| usane socA, itane vyaktiyoM kA sneha mere sAtha hote hue bhI, kisI ne Akara mujhe saMvAda nahIM sunaayaa| aba / bAta kauna mAnegA? cintAmagna hokara usane apane rAjamaNDala ko nihaaraa| kAlaudAI para usakI dRSTi pdd'ii| kAlaudAI rAjA kA Antarika, ativizvasta va sarvArthasAdhaka amAtya thaa| vaha bodhisattva ke sAtha eka hI dina paidA huA thaa| donoM bAla-mitra / rAjA ne kAlaudAI ko sambodhana karate huye kahA-"tAta! maiM apane putra ko dekhanA cAhatA huuN| nau hajAra puruSoM ko bhejA, eka ne bhI Akara sacita nahIM kiyaa| zarIra kA koI bharosA nahIM hai| maiM apane jIvana meM use dekha lenA cAhatA huuN| tU mujhe apane putra ko dikhA sakegA?" kAlaudAI ne kahA- "deva ! aisA kara sakU~gA, kintu, mujhe pravrajyA kI anujJA mile|" rAjA ne vyagratA ke sAtha kahA-"tAta ! tU pravajita yA apravrajita, mere putra ko yahAM lAkara mujhe dikhaa|" rAjA kA Adeza zirodhArya kara kAlaudAI vahAM se cala pdd'aa| rAjagRha phuNcaa| . 1. aMguttara nikAya aTThakathA, 1.1.10 / 2010_05

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212 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 pariSad ke anta meM khar3e hokara zAstA kA dharmopadeza sunA aura saparivAra arhatphala ko prApta ho gyaa| zAstA ne buddha hokara pahalA varSAvAsa RSipattana meM vyatIta kiyaa| uruvelA Aye aura tIna mAsa tthhre| tInoM jaTila bandhuoM ko mArga para lA, eka sahasra bhikSuoM ke parivAra se pauSa mAsa kI pUrNimA ko rAjagRha aaye| vahAM do mAsa tthhre| vArANasI se cale unheM pAMca mAsa vyatIta ho gaye the / udAI sthavira ko vahAM Aye sAta-ATha dina bIta cuke the| phAlguna, praNimA ko vaha socane lagA-"hemanta samApta ho gayA hai / vasanta A gayA hai| kRSakoM ne zasya Adi kATakara rAstA chor3a diyA hai| pRthvI harita tRNa se AcchAdita hai, vana-khaNDa phaloM se lade huye haiN| mArga gamanAgamana ke yogya ho gaye haiN| buddha ke lie apanI jAti-saMgraha kA yaha ucita samaya hai|" zAstA ke pAsa Akara usane prArthanA kI-"bhante ! isa samaya na adhika zIta hai aura na adhika garmI / anna kI bhI kaThinatA nahIM hai| hariyAlI se bhUmi harita hai| kula-nagara kI ora prasthAna kA ucita samaya hai|" buddha ne kahA-"udAI ! kyA tU madhura svara se yAtrA kA anumodana kara rahA hai ?" udAI ne nivedana kiyA-"bhante ! Apake pitA mahArAja zuddhodana Apake darzana cAhate haiN| Apa jAti vAloM kA saMgraha kreN|" buddha ne nirNaya dete huye kahA-"acchA, maiM jAtivAloM kA saMgraha kruuNgaa| tuma bhikSusaMgha se kaho ki yAtrA kI taiyArI kre|" buddha ne jaba vahAM se prasthAna kiyA to unake sAtha aMga-magadha ke dasa hajAra kulaputra va dasa hajAra hI kapilavastu ke kulaputra the / ve sabhI bIsa hajAra kSINAsrava (arhat ) the| pratidina eka-eka yojana calate huye dhImI gati se sATha dina meM kapilavastu phuNce| buddha ke Agamana kA saMvAda suna sabhI zAkya ekatrita hue aura unhoMne nyagrodha udyAna ko unake nivAsa sthAna ke lie cunaa| use bahuta hI sajAyA va saMvArA / unakI agavAnI ke liye gaMdha, puSpa Adi hAthoM lie, saba taraha ke alaMkRta kumAra va kumAriyoM ko bhejA / unake bAda rAjakumAra va rAjakumAriyoM ne unakI agavAnI kii| pUjA-satkAra karate hue unheM nyagrodhArAma meM lAye / buddha bIsa hajAra arhatoM ke parivAra se sthApita buddhAsana para baitthe| dUsare dina bhikSuoM ke sAtha buddha ne bhikSA ke liye kapilavastu meM praveza kiyaa| vahAM na kisI ne unheM bhojana ke liye nimaMtrita hI kiyA aura na kisI ne pAtra hI grahaNa kiyA / baddha ne indrakIla para khar3e hokara cintana kiyA--"pUrva ke buddhoM ne kula-nagara meM bhikSATana kaise kiyA thA ! kyA bIca ke gharoM ko chor3akara kevala bar3e-bar3e AdamiyoM ke hI ghara gaye yA eka ora se sabake ghara?" unhoMne jAnA, bIca-bIca meM ghara chor3akara kisI bhI buddha ne bhikSATana nahIM kiyaa| merA bhI yahI vaMza hai; ataH yahI kula-dharma grahaNa karanA cAhiye / bhaviSya se mere zrAvaka (ziSya) merA hI anusaraNa karate huye bhikSAcAra vrata pUrA kreNge| unhoMne eka chora se bhikSAcAra Arambha kiyaa| zahara meM sarvatra yaha vizruta ho gayA ki Arya siddhArtha rAjakumAra bhikSAcAra kara rahe haiN| nAgarika utsukatAvaza apane-apane prAsAdoM kI khir3akiyAM khola usa dRzya ko dekhane lge| 1. jaina paramparA meM bhI bhikSu kI samudAna bhikSA kA lagabhaga yahI krama hai| dekheM, dasaveyAliyam, agastyasiMha cUrNi, a0 5, u0 2, gA0 25 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA bhikSu saMgha aura usakA vistAra rAhula-mAtA devI (yazodharA) ne bhI khir3akI khola unheM dekhaa| usake mana meM AyA, eka dina Aryaputra isI nagara meM bADambara se svarNa-zivikA meM ArUr3ha hokara ghUme the aura Aja sira dAr3hI-muMDAkara, kASAya-vastra pahana, kapAla hAtha meM liye bhikSAcAra kara rahe haiN| kyA yaha zobhA detA hai ? usane tatkAla rAjA ko sUcita kiyaa| ghabarAyA huA rAjA buddha ke pAsa pahuMcakara bolA-'bhante ! Apa hameM kyoM lajavAte haiM ? Apa bhikSA-caraNa kyoM karate haiM ? kyA Apa yaha khyApita karanA cAhate haiM ki itane bhikSuoM ko hamAre yahAM bhojana nahIM milatA?" buddha ne sahaja bhASA meM uttara diyA--"mahArAja ! hamAre vaMza kA yahI AcAra hai|" rAjA ne punaH kahA-"bhante ! nizcita hI hama logoM kA vaMza to mahAsammata kA kSatriya vaMza hai / isa vaMza meM eka kSatriya bhI to kabhI bhikSAcArI nahIM huA ?" buddha ne pratyuttara meM kahA--"mahArAja ! vaha rAjavaMza to ApakA hai| hamArA vaMza to dIpaMkara Adi kA buddha-vaMza hai| sahasrazaH buddha bhikSAcArI rahe haiN| unhoMne isI mAdhyama se jIvikA calAI hai|" rAjA ne tatkAla buddha kA pAtra hAtha meM liyA aura pariSad sahita mahaloM meM le aayaa| unheM uttama khAdya-bhojya parose / bhojana ke bAda rAhula-mAtA ko chor3a sAre antaHpura ne Akara unakI abhivandanA kii| parijana dvArA kahe jAne para bhI rAhula-mAtA vandanA ke lie nahIM aaii| usane eka hI uttara diyA-- yadi mere meM guNa haiM, to svayaM Aryaputra mere pAsa AyeMge, taba maiM unheM vandanA kruuNgii|" buddha ne rAjA ko pAtra diyA aura apane do agra zrAvakoM (sAriputta aura mauggallAna) ko sAtha le rAjakumArI ke zayanAgAra meM ge| donoM agna srAvakoM se unhoMne kahA-"rAjakanyA ko yathAruci vandanA karane denaa| kucha na khnaa|" svayaM bichAye hue Asana para baiTha ge| rAja-kanyA zIghratA se aaii| caraNa pakar3akara sira rakhA aura yatheccha vandanA kii| rAjA ne rAja-kanyA ke bAre meM buddha se kahA-"bhante ! jisa dina se Apane kASAya vastra pahane haiM, usa dina se yaha bhI kASAya vastra-dhAriNI ho gaI hai| Apake eka bAra bhojana ko suna, ekAhAriNI ho gaI hai| Apane UMce palyaMka Adi ko chor3a diyA, to yaha bhI takhta para sone lagI hai| Apake mAlA, gaMdha Adi se virata hone kI ghaTanA suna, svayaM bhI unase virata ho gaI hai| pIhara vAloM ne bahuta se patra bheje| unhoMne cAhA thA, hama tumhArI sevA-suzrUSA kreNge| yaha unake eka patra ko bhI nahIM dekhatI hai|" zuddhodana ke kathana kA anumodana kahate hue buddha ne kahA-'mahArAja ! isameM kucha Azcarya nahIM hai / isa samaya to yaha ApakI surakSA meM raha rahI hai aura paripakva jJAna ke sAtha bhI hai; ataH apanI rakSA kara sakI hai| vigata meM bhI isane surakSA sAdhanoM ke abhAva meM va aparipakva jJAna rakhate hue bhI parvata ke nIce vicarate hue Atma-rakSA kI thii|" buddha Asana se uThakara cale gye| tIsare dina rAjakumAra nanda ke abhiSeka, gRha-praveza aura vivAha; ye tIna maMgala utsava the| use pravrajita karane ke uddezya se buddha svayaM vahAM aaye| nanda ke hAtha meM pAtra diyA, maMgala kahA aura vahAM se cala pdd'e| calate samaya unhoMne pAtra vApasa nahIM liyaa| kumAra bhI tathAgata ke gaurava se itanA abhibhUta thA ki unheM nivedana bhI 1. jAtaka nidAna 4, mahAvagga aTThakathA, mahAskandhaka, rAhulavastu / 2010_05

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214 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa: 1 na kara sakA ki bhante ! pAtra vApasa leM / usane socA, sIr3hI para pAtra le leMge, kintu unhoMne vahAM bhI pAtra nahIM liyaa| sIr3hiyoM se nIce bhI nahIM liyA, rAja-AMgana meM bhI nahIM liyA aura kramaza: Age bar3hate hI gaye / janatA ne vaha dekhakara janapada - kalyANI nandA se kahA"bhagavAn nanda rAjakumAra ko lie jA rahe haiM / vaha tumheM unase virahita kara deMge / " vaha bUMdeM girate va binA kaMghI kiye kezoM ko sahalAtI huI zIghratA se prAsAda para cddh'ii| khir3akI para khar3I hokara pukArane lagI- "Aryaputra ! zIghra hI AnA / " vaha kathana usake hRdaya meM ulaTe zalya kI taraha cubhane lagA / buddha ne phira bhI usake hAtha se pAtra vApasa nahIM liyA / saMkocavaza vaha bhI na kaha sakA / vihAra meM pahuMce / nanda se pUchA - " pravrajita hogA ?" usane saMkocavaza uttara diyA - "hAM, pravrajita hoU~gA / " zAstA ne nirdeza diyA- "nanda ko pravrajita kro|" aura isa prakAra kapilavastu meM pahuMcane ke tIsare dina nanda ko pravrajita kiyA / sAtaveM dina rAhula-mAtA ne rAhulakumAra ko alaMkRta kara, yaha kahakara bhejA - "tAta ! bIsa hajAra zramaNoM ke madhya jo sunahale uttama rUpa vAle zramaNa haiM, vahI tere pitA haiM / unake pAsa bahuta sAre nidhAna the, jo pravrajita hone ke bAda kahIM dikhAI hI nahIM dete| unase virAsata kI yAcanA kr| unheM yaha bhI kahanA, maiM rAjakumAra hUM, abhiSikta hokara cakravartI bananA cAhatA hUM | isake liye ghana Avazyaka hotA hai / Apa mujhe ghana deM / putra pitA ko sampatti kA adhikArI hotA hai / " pUrvAhna ke samaya pAtra cIvara Adi ko lekara buddha zuddhodana ke ghara bhikSA ke lie Aye / bhojana ke anantara mAtA se prerita hokara rAhulakumAra buddha ke pAsa AyA aura bolA"zramaNa ! terI chAyA sukhamaya hai / " buddha vahAM se cala die / rAhula bhI 'zramaNa ! mujhe apanI paitRka sampatti do, mujhe apanI paitRka sampatti do'; yaha kahatA huA unake pIche-pIche cala diyA / buddha ne kumAra ko nahIM lauTAyA / parijana bhI use sAtha jAne se na roka sake / vaha buddha ke sAtha ArAma taka calA gyaa| buddha ne socA, yaha jisa dhana kI yAcanA kara rahA hai, vaha sAMsArika hai / nazvara hai / kyoM na maiM ise bodhimaNDa meM milA sAta prakAra kA Aryadhana 2 dUM / isa alaukika virAsata kA ise svAmI banA dUM / tatkAla sAriputta ko AhvAna kiyA aura kahA - "rAhulakumAra ko pravrajita karo / " sAriputta ne prazna kiyA - "bhante ! rAhulakumAra ko kisa vidhi se pravrajita karUM / " buddha ne isa prasaMga para dharma-kathA kahI aura bhikSuoM ko saMbodhita karate hue kahAbhikSuo ! tIna zaraNa-gamana se zrAmaNera pravrajyA kI anujJA detA hUM / usakA krama isa prakAra hai; zira aura dAr3hI ke kezoM kA muNDana karanA cAhie, kASAya vastra pahananA cAhie, eka kandhe para uttarIya karanA cAhie, bhikSuoM ko pAda-vandanA karavAnI cAhie, Ukar3a baiThAkara tathA baddhAMjali kara use tIna bAra bolane ke lie isa prakAra kahanA - "maiM buddha kI zaraNa jAtA hUM, dharma kI zaraNa jAtA hUM, saMgha kI zaraNa jAtA huuN| sAriputta ne buddha dvArA nirdiSTa vidhi se rAhulakumAra ko pravrajita kara liyA / zuddhodana 1. udAna aTThakathA 3-2 aMguttara nikAya aTThakathA 1-4-8, vinaya piTaka, mahAvagga aTThakathA / -- 2. 1. zraddhA, 2. zIla, 3. lajjA, 4. nindA-bhaya, 5 bahuzruta, 6. tyAga aura 7. - jAtaka (hindI anuvAda), bhAga 1, pR0 118 ) prajJA / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA bhikSu-saMgha aura usakA vistAra 215 ko jaba yaha jJAta huA to vaha buddha ke pAsa AyA aura prArthanA kI-bhante ! maiM eka vara cAhatA huuN|" buddha ne uttara diyA-"gautama! tathAgata vara se dUra ho cuke haiM ?" zuddhodana ne nivedana kiyA- "bhante ! vaha ucita hai, doSa-rahita hai|" buddha kI svIkRti pAkara zuddhodana ne kahA-"bhagavAn ke pravajita hone para mujhe bahuta duHkha huA thA / nanda ke pravajita hone para bhI mujhe bahuta duHkha huA aura rAhula ke pravrajita hone para bhI atizaya duHkha huaa| bhante ! putra-prema merA cAma cheda rahA hai, cAma chedakara mAMsa cheda rahA hai, mAMsa ko chedakara nasa ko cheda rahA hai, nasa ko chedakara asthi ko cheda rahA hai, asthi ko chedakara ghAyala kara diyA hai| acchA ho bhante ! Arya (bhikSu loga) mAtA-pitA kI anujJA ke binA kisI ko pravajita na kreN|" zuddhodana ko isa prasaMga para buddha ne dharmopadeza diyaa| zuddhodana Asana se uTha, abhivAdana va pradakSiNA kara calA gyaa| isI avasara para buddha ne bhikSuoM ko sambodhita karate hue kahA-"Arya mAtA-pitA kI binA anujJA kisI ko pravrajita na kreN| jo pravRjita kare, use dukkaTa kA doSa hai|" chaH zAkyakumAra aura upAli rAhulakumAra ko pravajita karane ke anantara buddha zIghra hI kapilavastu se prasthAna kara malla deza meM cArikA karate huye anUpiyA ke Amravana meM phuNce| usa samaya kulIna zAkyakumAra buddha ke pAsa ahamahamikayA pravajita ho rahe the| mahAnAma aura anuruddha; do zAkya baMdhu the| anuruddha sukumAra thaa| usake zIta, grISma va varSA ke liye pRthak-pRthak tIna prAsAda the| vaha una dinoM varSA Rtu ke prAsAda meM Amoda-pramoda ke sAtha raha rahA thaa| prAsAda se nIce bhI nahIM utaratA thaa| zAkyakumAroM ke pravajita hone kI ghaTanAeM sunakara mahAnAma apane anuja anuruddha ke pAsa AyA aura ghaTanAeM sunAte hue usane kahA- "apane vaMza meM aba taka koI bhI pravrajita nahIM huA hai| donoM baMdhuoM meM se eka ko avazya pravrajita honA caahie|" anuruddha ne tapAka se uttara diyA--"maiM sukumAra huuN| ghara chor3akara pravrajita nahIM ho sktaa| Apa hI pravajita hoN|" mahAnAma ne atyanta vAtsalya se kahA- "tAta ! anuruddha ! maiM tumheM ghara-gRhasthI acchI taraha samajhA duuN|" anuruddha zravaNa meM lIna ho gayA aura mahAnAma ne kahanA Arambha kiyaa| dekho, sarvaprathama kheta meM hala calavAne cAhiye, phira buAnA cAhie aura phira kramazaH pAnI bharanA, pAnI nikAlakara sukhAnA, kaTavAnA cAhie, Upara lAnA sIdhA karavAnA, gATA ikaTThA karavAnA, mardana karavAnA, payAla haTAnA, bhUsI haTAnA, phaTakavAnA tathA phira jamA karanA caahie| isI krama se prativarSa karanA caahiye| kAma (AvazyakatA) kA nAza aura aMta nahIM jAna pdd'taa| anuruddha ne sahasA prazna kiyA-"kAma kaba samApta hoMge? kaba unakA aMta hogA aura kaba hama nizcinta hokara pAMca prakAra ke kAma-bhogoM se yukta vicaraNa kareMge ?" mahAnAma kA uttara thA-'tAta ! anuruddha ! kAma kabhI samApta nahIM hote aura na 1. jAtaka aTThakathA, nidAna 4; vinaya piTaka, mahAvagga, mahAkhandhaka, 113 / 11 / ____ 2010_05

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216 Agama aura tripaTa : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 inakA aMta hI jAna par3atA hai / kAmoM ko binA samApta kiye hI pitA aura pitAmaha mRtyu ko prApta ho gae / " anurUddha ke hRdaya meM sahasA virAga kA aMkura phUTa par3A aura vaha bolA- "taba to Apa hI ghara-gRhasthI smbhaaleN| maiM to prabrajita hoUMgA / " anuruddha zAkya mAtA ke pAsa AyA aura apane pravrajita hone ke abhiprAya se use usake kathana kA prativAda karate huye mRtyu ke bAda bhI maiM tumase anicchuka kI svIkRti dUM ; yaha kabhI bhI nahIM sUcita karate huye usane AjJA kI yAcanA kI / mAtA ne kahA--"tAta ! anuruddha ! tuma donoM mere priya putra ho / nahIM hoUMgI to phira jIvita rahate huye maiM tumheM pravrajyA ho sakatA / " anuruddha nirutsAha nahIM huaa| usane do-tIna bAra apane abhiprAya ko phira duhraayaa| mAtA apane nizcaya para aDiga rhii| usane eka madhyama mArga nikAlA / usa samaya bhaddiya zakyoM kA rAjA thA / vaha anuruddha kA parama mitra thA / mAtA jAnatI thI ki vaha kabhI bhI pravrajita nahIM hogA; ata: apane putra se kahA -- --- "yadi bhaddiya pravrajita hotA ho, to maiM tujhe bhI pravrajyA kI anujJA de sakatI hUM / " apanI jaTila pahelI kA sIdhA-sA uttara pAkara anuruddha maddiya ke pAsa AyA aura - "saumya ! merI pravrajyA tere adhIna hai / " kahA bhaddiya ne tatkAla uttara diyA-- " saumya ! yadi terI pravajyA mere adhIna hai, to maiM tumheM usase mukta karatA hUM / tU sukha se pravajita ho jaa|" anuruddha ne komala zabdoM meM kahA - "zrAzro, saumya ! hama donoM pravrajita hoN|" bhaddiya ne apanI asamarthatA vyakta karate hue uttara diyA - "maiM to pravrajita nahIM ho sakatA / tere liye jo bhI apekSita hai, maiM saharSa kruuNgaa| tU pravrajita ho jA / " anuruddha ne apanI sthiti kA udghATana karate huye mAtA dvArA prastuta zarta kA ullekha kiyA aura balapUrvaka kahA - "tU vacana baddha hai / tujhe mere sAtha pravrajita honA hogA / hama donoM eka sAtha eka hI mArga kA avalambana kareMge / " usa samaya ke loga satyavAdI hote the / bhaddiya ne anuruddha se kahA - " maiM apane kathana para aTala hUM / kintu, mujhe sAta varSa kA samaya caahie| usake bAda hama donoM eka sAtha pravrajita hoMge / " anuruddha ne vyagratA ke sAtha kahA- - " sAta varSa bahuta cira hai / maiM itanA vilamba nahIM kara sakatA / " bhaddiya ne kucha avadhi alpa karate hue cha: varSa kA kahA / virakta ke lie cha: varSa kI avadhi bhI bahuta vistIrNa hotI hai / anuruddha ne usakA bhI prativAda kiyA / bhaddiya ne avadhi ko ghaTAte hue kramazaH pAMca varSa, cAra varSa, tIna varSa, do varSa, eka varSa, chaH mAsa, pAMca mAsa, cAra mAsa, tIna mAsa, do mAsa, eka mAsa, eka pakSa kI pratIkSA kA kaha DAlA / anuruddha ke liye eka pakSa kA samaya bhI pralamba thA; ata: usane use bhI asvIkAra kara diyA aura use zIghratA ke liye prerita kiyA / maddiya ne antataH kahA - " mitra ! tU mujhe eka saptAha kA samaya to de tAki maiM apane putroM aura bhAiyoM ko rAjya - bhAra vyavasthita rUpa se saMbhalA sakU~ / " anuruddha ne bhaddiya kA yaha prastAva svIkAra kara liyaa| saptAha kI avadhi samApta 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] bhikSu-saMdha aura usakA vistAra 217 hote hI zakya rAjA, bhaddiya anuruddha, Ananda, bhRgu, kimbila, devadatta aura nApita upAli; sAtoM hI vyaktiyoM ko caturaMginI senA-sahita udyAna le jAyA gyaa| dUra taka pahuMca kara senA ko lauTA diyA gyaa| vahAM se Age cale aura anya rAjya kI sImA meM pahuMcakara AbhUSaNa Adi utAre aura uttarIya meM gaTharI bAMdha dii| nApita upAli ke hAthoM meM gaTharI thamAte hue usase kahA- "tU yahAM se lauTa jaa| terI jIvikA ke lie itanA paryApta hogaa|" upAli gaTharI ko lekara lauTa aayaa| mArga meM calate hue usakA cintana ubharAzAkya svabhAva se caNDa hote haiN| AbhaSaNa-sahita mere Agamana se jaba ve jAnege, anAyAsa hI yaha samajha baiTheMge ki maiMne kumAroM ko mArakara AbhUSaNa har3apa lie haiN| ve mujhe maravA ddaaleNge| bhaddiya, anuruddha Adi rAjakUmAra hokara bhI jaba pravajita ho rahe haiM, to phira maiM bhI kyoM na pravajita ho jAUM / usane gaTharI kholakara AbhUSaNa vRkSa para laTakA diye aura bolA- "jo dekhe, vaha le jaaye|" upAli vahAM se calA aura zAkya kumAroM ke pAsa phuNcaa| tatkAla lauTa Ane se kumAroM ne usase pUchA--"upAli lauTa kyoM AyA ?' upAli ne apane mAnasa meM ubhare cintana se unheM paricita kiyA aura AbhUSaNoM ke bAre meM bhI unheM btaayaa| zAkya-kamAroM ne upAli dvArA vihita kArya kA anumodana kiyA aura usake abhimata ko puSTa karate hue kahA-'zAkya vastutaH hI svabhAva se caNDa hote haiN| terI AzaMkA anyathA nahIM hai|" upAli ko sAtha lekara zAkya-kamAra buddha ke pAsa aaye| abhivAdana kara eka ora baiTha gye| unhoMne nivedana kiyA-"bhante ! hama zAkya abhimAnI haiN| yaha upAli nApita cirakAla taka hamArA sevaka rahA hai| ise Apa hamAre se pUrva pravrajita kareM, jisase ki hama isakA abhivAdana, pratyutthAna Adi kara skeN| aisA hone se hama zAkyoM kA zAkya hone kA abhimAna madita ho skegaa|" buddha ne isa prastAva ko svIkAra kiyaa| pahale upAli pravajita huA aura usake anantara chaH shaaky-kumaar|' 1. vinaya piTaka, cUllavagga, saMgha-bhedaka-skandhaka, 7-1-1 va 2 ke AdhAra se / ___ 2010_05

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pAripAzvika bhikSu-bhikSuNiyA~ kisI bhI mahApuruSa kI jIvana-kathA meM kucha pAtra avazya aise hote haiM, jo usa jIvanakathA ke sAtha sadA ke lie amara rahate haiN| mahAvIra aura buddha kI jIvana-caryA meM aise pAtroM kA yoga aura bhI bahulatA se milatA hai| mahAvIra ke sAtha gyAraha gaNadharoM ke nAma amara haiN| ye saba bhikSu-saMghoM ke nAyaka the / inhoMne hI dvAdazAMgI kA Akalana kiyA / gautama gautama sabameM prathama the aura mahAvIra ke sAtha ananya rUpa se saMpRkta the| ye gUr3ha-se-gUr3ha aura sahaja-se-sahaja prazna mahAvIra se pUchate hI rahA karate the| inake praznoM para hI vizAlatama Agama vivAha paNNatti (bhagavatI sUtra) gaThita huA hai| ye apane labdhi-bala se bhI bahuta prasiddha rahe haiN| __ gautama kA mahAvIra ke prati asIma sneha thaa| mahAvIra ke nirvANa-prasaMga para to vaha taTa tor3a kara hI bahane lgaa| unhoMne mahAvIra kI nirmoha vRtti para ulAhanoM kA ambAra khar3A kara diyA, para, anta meM sNbhle| unakI vItarAgatA ko pahacAnA aura apanI sarAgatA ko| para-bhAva se svabhAva meM aae| ajJAna kA AvaraNa httaa| kaivalya pA svayaM arhata ho ge| eka bAra kaivalya-prApti na hone ke kAraNa gautama ko apane para bahuta glAni huii| unake usa anutApa ko miTAne ke lie mahAvIra ne kahA thA-"gautama ! tU bahuta samaya se mere sAtha sneha se saMbaddha hai| tU bahuta samaya se merI prazaMsA karatA A rahA hai| terA mere sAtha cirakAla se paricaya hai| tUne cirakAla se merI sevA kI hai, merA anusaraNa kiyA hai, kAryoM meM pravartita huA hai| pUrvavartI deva-bhava tathA manuSya-bhava meM bhI terA mere sAtha sambandha rahA hai / aura kyA, mRtyu ke pazcAt bhI, ina zarIroM ke nAza ho jAne para donoM samAna, eka prayojana vAle tathA bheda-rahita (siddha) hoNge|" 1. samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre bhagavaM goyamaM AmaMtettA evaM vayAsI-'cira saMsiTTho'si me goyamA ! cirasaMthuo'si me goyamA ! ciraparicio'si me goyamA ! cirajusio'si 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] pAripAzvika bhikSu bhikSuNiyA~ 316 ukta udgAroM se spaSTa hotA hai, mahAvIra ke sAtha gautama kA kaisA abhinna sambandha thA / candanabAlA candanabAlA mahAvIra ke bhikSu saMgha meM agraNI thI / pada se vaha 'pravartinI' kahalAtI thI / vaha rAja - kanyA thI / usakA samagra jIvana utAra-car3hAva ke calacitroM se bharA-pUrA thA / dAsI kA jIvana bhI usane jIyA / loha zRGkhalAoM meM bhI vaha Abaddha rahI, para, usake jIvana kA antima adhyAya eka mahAn bhikSuNI saMgha kI saMcAlikA ke gauravapUrNa pada para bItA / ThANAMga va samavAyAMga' ke anusAra mahAvIra ke bhikSu saMgha meM sAta sau ne kaivalya ( sarvajJatva) pAyA, teraha sau bhikSuoM ne avadhi jJAna prApta kiyA, pA~ca sau manaH paryavajJAnI hue, tIna sau caturdaza- pUrva-ghara hue tathA inake atirikta anekAneka bhikSu bhikSuNiyAM labdhidhara, tapasvI, vAda-kuzala Adi hue / mahAvIra kabhI-kabhI bhikSu bhikSuNiyoM kI vizeSatAoM kA nAma-grAha ullekha bhI kiyA karate the / tripiTaka sAhitya meM buddha ke pAripAzvika bhikSuoM kA bhI paryApta vivaraNa mila jAtA hai / sAriputta, moggallAna, Ananda, upAli, mahAkAzyapa, AjJA kauNDinya Adi bhikSu buddha ke agragaNya ziSya the / jaina paramparA meM gaNadharoM kA eka gauravapUrNa pada hai aura unakA vyavasthita dAyitva hotA hai / bauddha paramparA meM gaNadhara jaisA koI sunizcita pada nahIM hai, para, sAriputta Adi kA bauddha bhikSu saMgha meM gaNadharoM jaisA hI gaurava va dAyitva thA / sAriputta gaNadhara gautama kI taraha sAriputta bhI buddha ke ananya sahacaroM meM the / ve bahuta sUjha-bUjha ke dhanI vidvAn aura vyAkhyAtA the / buddha ina para bahuta bharosA rakhate the / eka prasaMga- vizeSa para buddha ne inako kahA - "sAriputta ! tuma jisa dizA meM jAte ho, utanA hI Aloka karate ho, jitanA ki buddha | "3 sAriputta kI sUjha-bUjha kA eka anUThA udAharaNa tripiTaka sAhitya meM milatA hai / buddha kA virodhI ziSya devadatta jaba 500 vajjI bhikSuoM ko sAtha lekara bhikSu saMgha se pRthak ho jAtA hai to mukhyataH sAriputta hI apanI buddhi-kauzala se una pA~ca sau bhikSuoM ko devadatta ke caMgula se nikAla kara buddha kI zaraNa meM lAte haiM / * me goyamA ! cirANugao'si me goyamA ! cirANuvattIsi me goyamA ! anaMtaraM devakAyassa bhedA, io cuttA do vi - bhagavatI, za0 14, u0 7 / loe anaMtaraM mANussae bhave, kiM paraM ? maraNA tullA egaTThA avisesamaNANattA bhavissAmo / 1. ThANAMga, sU0 230 : samavAyAMga, sama0 110 / 2. kaSpa sutta (sU0 144 ) ke anusAra 700 bhikSu va 1400 bhikSuNiyoM ne siddha gati prApta kI / 3. aMguttara nikAya, aTThakathA, 1-4-1 | 4. vinaya piTaka, cullavagga, saMgha-bhedaka- khandhaka | 2010_05

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220 Agama aura tripaTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa : 1 eka bAra buddha ne Ananda se pUchA-"tumheM sAriputta suhAtA hai na ?" Ananda ne kahA"bhante ! mUrkha, duSTa aura vikSipta manuSya ko chor3akara aisA kauna manuSya hogA, jise AyuSmAn sAriputta na suhAte hoN| AyuSmAn sAriputta mahAjJAnI haiM, mahAprAjJa haiM / unakI prajJA atyanta prasanna va atyanta tIvra hai|" sAriputta ke nidhana para buddha kahate haiM-"Aja dharmarUpa kalpa vRkSa kI eka vizAla zAkhA TUTa gaI hai|" buddha sAriputta ko dharma-senApati bhI kahA karate the| moggallAna moggallAna kA nAma bhI sAriputta ke sAtha-sAtha buddha ke pradhAna ziSyoM meM AtA hai| ye tapasvI aura sarvazreSTha RddhimAn the| jaina-paramparA meM jaise gautama ke labdhi-bala ke viSaya meM aneka bAteM pracalita haiM; usI prakAra mauggallAna ke Rddhi-bala kI aneka ghaTanAeM bauddha-paramparA meM pracalita haiN| pA~ca sau vajjI bhikSuoM ko devadatta ke netRtva se mukta karane meM sAriputta ke sAtha moggallAna kA bhI pUrA hAtha rahA hai| buddha kI pramukha upAsikA vizAkhA ne sattAIsa karor3a svarNa-mudrAoM kI lAgata se buddha aura unake bhikSu-saMgha ke lie eka vihAra banAne kA nizcaya kiyaa| isa kArya ke lie vizAkhA ne buddha se eka mArga-darzaka bhikSu kI yAcanA kii| buddha ne kahA- "tuma jisa bhikSu ko cAhatI ho, usI kA cIvara aura pAtra uThA lo|" vizAkhA ne yaha socakara ki moggallAna bhikSu RddhimAna haiM; inake Rddhi-bala se merA kArya zIghra sampanna hogA; unheM hI isa kArya ke lie mAMgA / buddha ne pA~ca sau bhikSuoM ke parivAra se mauggallAna ko vahA~ rkhaa| kahA jAtA hai, unake Rddhi-bala se vizAkhA ke karmakara rAtabhara meM sATha-sATha yojana se bar3e-bar3e vRkSa, patthara Adi uThA le Ane meM samartha ho jAte the| jaina paramparA ukta samArambha pUrNa upakrama ko bhikSu ke lie AcaraNIya nahIM mAnatI aura na vaha labdhi-bala ko prayujya hI mAnatI hai, para, labdhi-bala kI kSamatA aura prayoga kI aneka adbhuta ghaTanAe~ usameM bhI pracalita haiN| mahAvIra dvArA saMdIkSita nandIsena bhikSu ne, jo zreNika rAjA ke putra the, apane tapo-bala se vezyA ke yahAM svarNa-mudrAoM kI vRSTi kara dikhaaii| ___mahAvIra ne aMguSTha-sparza se jaise samaya meru ko prakampita kara indra ko prabhAvita kiyA; bauddha paramparA meM mauggallAna dvArA vaijayanta prAsAda ko aMguSTha-sparza se prakampita kara indra ko prabhAvita kara dene kI bAta kahI jAtI hai| kahA jAtA hai, eka bAra buddha, mauggallAna prabhRti pUrvArAma ke UparI bhauma meM the| prAsAda ke nIce kucha pramAdI bhikSu vArtA, upahAsa Adi kara rahe the| unakA dhyAna khIMcane ke lie mauggallAna ne apane Rddhi-bala se sAre prAsAda ko 1. saMyuttanikAya, anAthapiNDikavagga, susima sutta / 2. aMguttaranikAya, 1-14 / 3. vinaya piTaka, cullavagga, saMgha-bhedaka-khandhaka / 4. dhammapada-aTThakathA, 4-44 / 5. dekheM, pR0 203-4 / 6. majjhima nikAya cUlataNhAsaMkhaya sutta / ____ 2010_05

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hotI thii| itihAsa aura paramparA] pAripAzvika bhikSu-bhikSuNiyAM 221 prakampita kara diyaa| saMvigna aura romAMcita una pramAdI bhikSuoM ko buddha ne udbodhana diyaa|' uvavAI meM mahAvIra ke pAripAzvika bhikSuoM ke viSaya meM batAyA gayA hai : 1. aneka bhikSu aise the, jo mana se bhI kisI ko abhizapta aura anugRhIta kara sakate the| 2. aneka bhikSu aise the, jo vacana se aisA kara sakate the| 3. aneka bhikSu aise the, jo kAyika pravartana se aisA kara sakate the / 4. aneka bhikSu zleSmauSadha labdhi vAle the| unake zleSma se hI sabhI prakAra ke roga miTate the| 5. aneka bhikSu jalloSadha labdhi ke dhAraka the| unake zarIra ke mela se dUsaroM ke roga miTate the| 6. aneka bhikSu vipuSauSadha labdhi ke dhAraka the| unake prasravaNa kI bUMda bhI roganAzaka 7. aneka bhikSu AmoSadha labdhi ke dhAraka the| unake hAtha ke sparza mAtra se roga miTa jAte the| 8. aneka bhikSu sarvoSadha labdhi vAle the| unake keza, nakha, roma Adi sabhI auSadha rUpa hote the| 9. aneka bhikSu padAnusArI labdhi ke dhAraka the, jo eka pada ke zravaNa-mAtra se anekAneka padoM kA smaraNa kara lete the| 10. aneka bhikSu saMbhinna zrotR-labdhi ke dhAraka the, jo kisI bhI eka indriya se pA~coM indriya ke viSaya grahaNa kara sakate the| udAharaNArtha-kAna se suna bhI sakate the, dekha bhI sakate the, cakha bhI sakate the aadi| 11. aneka bhikSu akSINamahAnasa labdhi ke dhAraka the, jo prApta anna ko jaba taka svayaM na khA lete the; taba taka zatazaH-sahasrazaH vyaktiyoM ko khilA sakate the| 12. aneka bhikSu vikurvaNa Rddhi ke dhAraka the| ve apane nAnA rUpa banA sakate the| 13. aneka bhikSu jaMghAcAraNa labdhi ke dhAraka the| ve jaMghA para hAtha lagA kara eka hI ur3Ana meM terahaveM rucakavara dvIpa taka aura meru parvata para jA sakate the| 14. aneka bhikSu vidyAcAraNa labdhi ke dhAraka the| ve ISat upaSTambha se do ur3Ana meM AThaveM nandIzvara dvIpa taka aura meru parvata para jA sakate the| 15. aneka bhikSu AkAzAtipAtI labdhi ke dhAraka the| ve AkAza meM gamana kara sakate the| AkAza se rajata Adi iSTa-aniSTa padArthoM kI varSA kara sakate the|" hai mauggallAna kA nidhana bahuta hI dayanIya prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai / unake Rddhi-bala se jala-bhunakara itara taithikoM ne unako pazu-mAra se maaraa| unakI asthiyA~ itanI cUra-cUra kara dI gaIM ki koI khaNDa taka taNDula se bar3A nahIM rahA / yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki pratikAraka 1. saMyutta nikAya, mahAvagga, RddhipAda, saMyutta prAsAdakampanavagga, mauggallAna' sutta / 2. appegaiyA maNeNaM sAvANuggahasamatthA, vaeNaM sAvANuggahasamatthA, kAeNaM sAvANuggaha samatthA, appegaiyA khelosahipattA, evaM jallausahipattA, vipposahipattA, AmosahipattA, savvosahipattA,.. payANusArI, saMbhinnasoA, akkhINamahANasiA, viuvvaNiDiDhapattA, cAraNA, vijjAharA, aagaasaaivaainno| -uvavAiya sutta, 15 // 2010_05

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222 Agama aura tripaTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 Rddhi-bala ke hote hue bhI unhoMne ise pUrva karmoM kA pariNAma samajha kara svIkAra kiyaa|' Ananda kucha dRSTiyoM se buddha ke sAriputta aura mauggallAna se bhI adhika abhinna ziSya Ananda the| buddha ke sAtha inake saMsmaraNa bahuta hI rocaka aura preraka haiN| inake hAthoM kucha eka aise aitihAsika kArya bhI hue haiM, jo bauddha paramparA meM sadA ke lie amara rheNge| bauddha paramparA meM bhikSuNI-saMgha kA zrIgaNeza nitAnta Ananda kI preraNA se huaa| buddha nArI-dIkSA ke pakSa meM nahIM the| unheM usameM aneka doSa dikhate the| kevala Ananda ke Agraha para mahAprajApati gautamI ko unhoMne dIkSA dii| dIkSA dene ke sAtha-sAtha yaha bhI unhoMne kahA- 'Ananda ! yaha bhikSu-saMgha yadi sahasra varSa taka Tikane vAlA thA, to aba pA~ca sau varSa se adhika nahIM ttikegaa| arthAta nArI-dIkSA se mere dharma-saMgha kI AdhI hI umra zeSa raha gaI hai|"2 prathama bauddha saMgIti meM tripiTakoM kA saMkalana huaa| pA~ca sau arhat-bhikSuoM meM eka Ananda hI aise bhikSu the, jo sUtra ke adhikArI jJAtA the; ataH unheM hI pramANa mAna kara suttapiTaka kA saMkalana huaa| kucha bAtoM kI spaSTatA yathAsamaya buddha ke pAsa na kara lene ke kAraNa unheM bhikSu-saMgha ke samakSa prAyazcitta bhI karanA pdd'aa| Azcarya to yaha hai ki bhikSu-saMgha ne unheM strI-dIkSA kA preraka banane kA bhI prAyazcitta kraayaa| Ananda buddha ke upasthAka (paricAraka) the| upasthAka banane kA ghaTanA-prasaMga bhI bahuta sarasa hai| buddha ne apanI Ayu ke 56veM varSa meM eka dina sabhI bhikSuoM ko Amantrita kara kahA"bhikSao ! mere lie eka upasthAka niyukta kro| upasthAka ke abhAva meM merI avahelanA hotI hai| maiM kahatA hU~, isa rAste calanA hai, bhikSa usa rAste jAte haiN| merA cIvara aura pAtra bhUmi para yoM hI rakha dete haiN|" sAriputta, mauggallAna Adi sabhI ko TAla kara buddha ne Ananda ko upasthAka-pada para niyukta kiyaa| taba se Ananda buddha ke ananya sahacArI rhe| samaya-samaya para gautama kI taraha unase prazna pUchate rahate aura samaya-samaya para parAmarza bhI dete rahate / jisa prakAra mahAvIra se gautama kA sambandha pUrva bhavoM meM bhI rahA, usI prakAra jAtaka-sAhitya meM Ananda ke bhI buddha ke sAtha utpanna hone kI aneka kathAeM milatI haiN| AgantukoM ke lie buddha se bheMTa kA mAdhyama bhI mukhyataH ve hI banate / buddha ke nirvANa-prasaMga para gautama kI taraha Ananda bhI vyAkula hue| gautama mahAvIra-nirmANa ke pazcAt vyAkula hue| Ananda nirvANa se pUrva hI eka ora jAkara dIvAla kI khUTI pakar3a kara rone lage; jabaki unheM buddha ke dvArA usI dina nirvANa hone kI sUcanA mila cukI thii| mahAvIra-nirvANa ke pazcAt gautama usI rAta ko kevalI ho gae / buddha-nirvANa ke pazcAt prathama bauddha saMgIti meM jAne se pUrva Ananda bhI arhat ho ge| gautama kI taraha inako bhI arhat na hone kI Atma-glAni huI / donoM hI ghaTanA-prasaMga bahuta sAmIpya rakhate haiN| mahAvIra ke bhI eka ananya upAsaka Ananda the, para, ye gRhI upAsaka the aura bauddha 1. dhammapada aTThakathA, 10-7; milindapao, pari04, varga 4, pa0 226 / 2. vistAra ke lie dekheM, AcAra-grantha aura AcAra-saMhitA' prkrnn| 3. vhii| 4. aMguttara nikAya, aTThakathA, 1-4-1 / 5. uvAsagadasAo, a0 1 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pAripAzvika bhikSu-bhikSuNiyAM 223 paramparA ke Ananda buddha ke bhikSu-upAsaka the| nAma-sAmya ke atirikta donoM meM koI tAdAtmya nahIM hai / mahAvIra ke bhikSu ziSyoM meM bhI eka Ananda the, jinheM bulAkara gozAlaka ne kahA thA- "merI tejolabdhi ke abhighAta se mahAvIra zIghra hI kAla-dharma ko prApta hoNge|" upAli upAli prathama saMgIti meM vinaya-sUtra ke saMgAyaka the / vinaya-sUtra unhoMne buddha kI pAri pAzvikatA se grahaNa kiyA thaa| ye nApita-kula meM utpanna hue the| zAkya rAjA bhaddiya, Ananda Adi pA~ca anya zAkya kumAroM ke sAtha pravajita hue the| mahAkAzyapa mahAkAzyapa buddha ke karmaTha ziSya the| inakA pravrajyA-grahaNa se pUrva kA jIvana bhI bahuta vilakSaNa aura preraka rahA hai| pippalIkumAra aura bhadrAkumArI kA AkhyAna inhIM kA jIvana vRtta hai| vahI pippalIkumAra mANavaka dharma-saMgha meM Akara AyuSmAn mahAkAzyapa bana jAtA hai| inake sukomala aura bahumUlya cIvara kA sparza kara buddha ne prazaMsA kii| inhoMne buddha se vastragrahaNa karane kA Agraha kiyaa| buddha ne kahA- "maiM tumhArA yaha vastra le bhI lUM, para, kyA tuma mere isa jIrNa, moTe aura malina vastra ko dhAraNa kara sakoge?" mahAkAzyapa ne vaha svIkAra kiyA aura usI samaya buddha ke sAtha unakA cIvara parivartana huaa| buddha ke jIvana aura bauddhaparamparA kI yaha eka aitihAsika ghaTanA mAnI jAtI hai| mahAkAzyapa vidvAn the / ye buddha-sUktoM ke vyAkhyAkAra ke rUpa meM prasiddha raha haiN| buddha ke nirvANa-prasaMga para ye mukhya nirdezaka rahe haiN| pAMca sau bhikSuoM ke parivAra se vihAra karate, jisa dina aura jisa samaya ye citA-sthala pahu~cate haiM; usI dina aura usI samaya buddha kI antyeSTi hotI hai| ajAtazatru ne inhIM ke sujhAva para rAjagRha meM buddha kA dhAtu-nidhAna (asthi garbha) banavAyA, jise kAlAntara se samrATa azoka ne kholA aura buddha kI dhAtuoM ko dUra-dUra taka phuNcaayaa| mahAkAzyapa hI prathama bauddha saMgIti ke niyAmaka rahe hai| AjJA kauNDinya, aniruddha Adi aura bhI aneka bhikSu aise rahe haiM, jo buddha ke pAripAzvika kahe jA sakate haiN| drautamI - bauddha bhikSuNiyoM meM mahAprajApati gautamI kA nAma utanA hI zrutigamya hai, jitanA jana paramparA meM mahAsatI candanabAlA kaa| donoM ke pUrvatana jIvana vRtta meM koI samAnatA nahIM 1. dekheM 'gozAlaka' prakaraNa / 2. vistAra ke lie dekheM, 'bhikSu saMgha aura usakA vistAra' prakaraNa / 3. dekheM, Agama aura tripiTakaH eka anuzIlana, khaNDa 2 / 4. dIgha nikAya, mahAparinivvANa sutta / 5. dIgha nikAya-aTThakathA, mahAparinivvANa sutta / 6. vinaya piTaka, cullavagga, paMcazatikA khandhaka / 2010_05

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224 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 hai, para, donoM hI apane-apane dharma-nAyaka kI prathama ziSyA rahI haiM aura apane-apane bhikSuNIsaMgha meM agraNI bhii| gautamI ke jIvana kI do bAteM vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| usane nArI-jAti ko bhikSasaMgha meM sthAna dilavAyA tathA bhikSuNiyoM ko bhikSuoM ke samAna hI adhikAra dene kI bAta buddha se kahI / buddha ne gautamI ko pravrajita karate samaya kucha zarte usa para DAla dI thIM, jinameM eka thI-cira-dIkSitA bhikSuNI ke lie bhI sadya:-dIkSita bhikSu vandanIya hogaa| gautamI ne use svIkAra kiyA, para, pravajita hone ke pazcAt bahuta zIghra hI usane baddha se prazna kara liyA "bhante ! cira-dIkSitA bhikSuNI hI nava-dIkSita bhikSu ko namaskAra kare; aisA kyoM ? kyoM na nava dIkSita bhikSa hI cira-dIkSitA bhikSuNI ko namaskAra kare ?" buddha ne kahA-"gautamI ! itara dharma-saMghoM meM bhI aisA nahIM hai| hamArA dharma-saMgha to bahuta zreSTha hai|" Aja se ar3hAI hajAra varSa pUrva gautamI dvArA yaha prazna uThA lenA, nArI-jAti ke Atma-sammAna kA sUcaka hai| buddha kA uttara isa prazna kI apekSA meM bahuta hI sAmAnya ho jAtA hai| unake isa uttara se patA calatA hai, mahApuruSa bhI kucheka hI navIna mUlya sthApita karate haiM; adhikAMzataH to ve bhI laukika vyavahAra va laukika DharoM kA anusaraNa karate haiN| astu, gautamI kI vaha bAta bhale hI Aja paccIsa sau varSa bAda bhI phalita na huI ho, para, usane buddha ke samakSa apanA prazna rakha kara nArI-jAti ke pakSa meM eka gauravapUrNa itihAsa to banA hI diyA hai| gautamI ke atirikta khemA, utpalavarNA, paTAcArA, bhadrA kuNDala-kezA, bhadrA kApilAyanI Adi anya aneka bhikSuNiyAM bauddha dharma-saMgha meM suvikhyAta rahI haiN| buddha ne etadagga vagga meM apane ikatAlIsa bhikSuoM tathA bAraha bhikSuNiyoM ko nAma-grAha abhinandita kiyA hai tathA pRthak-pRthak guNoM meM pRthak-pRthak bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko agragaNya batAyA hai| bhikSuoM meM agragaNya buddha kahate haiM1 bhikSuo! mere anuraktajJa bhikSuoM meM AjJA kauNDinya agragaNya hai| 2..........'mahAprAjJoM meM saariputt....| 3..........RddhimAnoM meM mhaamoggllaan5...| 4... 'dhutavAdiyoM (tyAgiyoM) meM mahAkAzyapa ... / 5......... divyacAkSukoM meM anuruddh...| 1. vinaya piTaka, cullavagga, bhikkhuNI khandhaka / 2. aMguttara nikAya, ekekanipAta, 14 ke AdhAra se| 3. zAkya, kapilavastu ke samIpa droNa-vastu grAma, brAhmaNa / 4. magadha, rAjagRha se avidUra upatiSya (nAlaka) grAma, brAhmaNa / 5. magadha, rAjagRha se avidUra kolita grAma, brAhmaNa / 6. magadha, mahAtIrtha brAhmaNa grAma, braahmnn| 7. zAkya, kapilavastu, kSatriya, buddha ke cAcA amRtaudana zAkya ke putra / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA pAripAzvika bhikSu-bhikSuNiyAM 225 6bhikSuo ! uccakulInoM meM bhaddiya kAligodhA-putra' hai / 7........ komala svara se upadeSTAoM meM lakuNTaka bhddiy2...| 8.............siMhanAdiyoM meM piNDola bhAradvAja agragaNya... ........... dharma-kathikoM meM pUrNa maitraaynnii-putr...| 10.........vyAkhyAkAroM meM mhaakaatyaayn...| 11..........manogata rUpa-nirmAtAoM va citta-vivartta-caturoM meM ghullapanthaka 6.... / 12..........saMjJA-vivartta-caturoM meM mhaapnthk..| 13........ kleza-muktoM va dAkSiNeyoM meM subhUti ... / * AraNyakoM (vana vAsiyoM) meM revtkhdirvniy...| 15........ dhyAniyoM meM kaMkhA revt....| 16.......... udyamazIloM meM soNa koddiviis1...| 17......... suvaktAoM meM soNa kuttiknnnn'2...| ..lAbhArthiyoM meM siivlii...| 16........... zraddhAzIloM meM vkkli14...| 20............ saMghIya-niyama-baddhatA meM rAhula 5... / 21.......... zraddhA se pravrajitoM meM raassttrpaal'6...| 22........ prathama zalAkA grahaNa karane vAloM meM kuNDadhAna 7... / .. 23.........kaviyoM meM vNgiish8...| 1. zAkya, kapilavastu, kSatriya / 2. kauzala, zrAvastI, dhanI (mhaabhog)| 3. magadha, rAjagRha, brAhmaNa / 4. zAkya, kapilavastu ke samIpa droNa-vastu grAma, brAhmaNa / 5. avantI, ujjayinI, brAhmaNa / 6. magadha, rAjagRha, zreSThi-kanyA-putra / 7. vhii| 8. kauzala, zrAvastI, vaizya / 6. magadha, nAlaka brAhmaNa-grAma, sAriputta ke anuja / 10. kauzala, zrAvastI, mhaabhog| 11. aMga, campA, shresstthii| 12. avantI, kuraraghara, vaizya / 13. zAkya, kuNDiyA, kSatriya, koliya-duhitA supravAsA kA putra / 14. kauzala, zrAvastI, brAhmaNa / 15. zAkya, kapilavastu, kSatriya, siddhArtha-putra / 16. kuru, thullakoNita, vaizya / 17. kauzala, zrAvastI, brAhmaNa / 18. vhii| ____ 2010_05

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226 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 24. bhikSuo! samantaprAsAdikoM (sarvataH lAvaNya-sampanna) meM upasena vaMganta-putra' agragaNya hai| 25.........zayanAsana-vyavasthApakoM meM dravya-malla-putra 2... / 26........ devatAoM ke priyoM meM pilindivaatsy...| 27........ prakhara buddhimAnoM meM vaahiydaaruciiriy4...| 28.......... vicitra vaktAoM meM kumAra kaashyp5....| 26........"pratisaMvitprAptoM meM mahAkoSThita ... / 30... * 'bahuzrutoM, smRtimAnoM, gatizIloM, dhRtimAnoM va upasthAkoM meM aannd...| 31......... mahApariSad vAloM meM uruvela kaashyp...| 32......... kula-prasAdakoM meM kaal-udaayii...| 33...........nirogoM meM bkklii....| 34........ pUrva janma kA smaraNa karane vAloM meM zobhita 11... / 35..........vinayadharoM meM upaali'2...| 36.........bhikSuNiyoM ke upadeSTAoM meM nandaka13 ... / 37.............jitendriyoM meM nanda 14... / ke upadeSTAoM meM mhaakppin15...| 36..... teja-dhAtu-kuzaloM meM svaagt...| 40........... pratibhAzAliyoM meM raadh17...| a m m m m Mmx9. m m m m x 1. magadha, nAlaka brAhmaNa-grAma, brAhmaNa, sAriputta ke anuja / 2. malla, anUpiyA, kSatriya / 3. kauzala, zrAvastI, braahmnn| 4. vAhiyarASTra, kul-putr| 5. magava, rAjagRha / 6. kauzala, zrAvastI, braahmnn| 7. zAkya, kapilavastu, kSatriya, amRtodana-putra / 8. kAzI, vArANasI, brAhaNa / 6. zAkya, kapilavastu, amAtyageha / 10. vatsa, kauzAmbI, vaishy| 11. kauzala, zrAvastI, braahmnn| 12. zAkya, kapilavastu, nApita / 13. kauzala, zrAvastI, kul-geh|| 14. zAkya, kapilavastu, kSatriya, mahAprajApatI-putra / 15. sImAnta, kukkuTavatI, rAjavaMza / 16. kauzala, zrAvastI, brAhmaNa / 17. magadha, rAjagaha, brAhmaNa / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pAripAzvika bhikSa-bhikSuNiyA~ 227 41. bhikSuo ! rukSa covara-ghAriyoM meM mogharAja' hai| bhikSuNiyoM meM agragaNya 1. bhikSuo ! merI raktajJA bhikSuNiyoM meM mahAprajApati gautamI agragaNyA hai| 2. ......... mahAprajJAoM meM khemaa...| 3. .........."Rddhi-zAliniyoM meM utplvrnnaa...| 4. ..........vinayadharAoM meM pttaacaaraa...| .......dharmopadezikAoM meM dhmmdinnaa...| ...........dhyAyikAoM meM nndaa...| ........... udyamazIlAoM meM sonnaa8...| ............divya cAkSukoM meM skulaa| ........... prakhara pratimAzAliniyoM meM bhdraakunnddlkeshaa'....| 10. ........ pUrvajanma kA anusmaraNa-kArikAoM meM bhadrA kaapilaaynii...| 11. .......... mahA-abhijJAghArikAoM meM bhadrA kaatyaayinii'2...| 12. ........... rukSa cIvara-ghArikAoM meM kRzA gautmii...| 13. .........zraddhA-yuktoM meM zRgAla maataa14...| Agama-sAhitya meM etadagga-vagga kI taraha nAmagrAha koI vyavasthita prakaraNa isa viSaya kA nahIM milatA, para, kappa sutta kA kevalI Adi kA saMkhyAbaddha ullekha mahAvIra ke bhikSa saMgha kI vyApaka sUcanA de detA hai / uvavAI meM nirgranthoM ke vividha tapoM kA aura unakI anya vividha vizeSatAoM kA savistAra varNana hai| tapa ke viSaya meM batAyA gayA hai-"aneka bhikSa kanakAvalI tapa karate the| aneka bhikSu ekAvalI tapa, aneka bhikSu laghusiMhaniSkrIDita tapa, aneka mikSa mahAsiMhaniSNakrIr3ita tapa, aneka bhikSu bhadra pratimA, aneka bhikSu mahAbhadra pratimA, aneka bhikSu sarvatobhadra pratimA, aneka bhikSu AyaMvila varddhamAna tapa, aneka bhikSu mAsikI bhikSa pratimA, aneka bhikSu dvimAsikI bhikSu pratimA se sapta mAsikI bhikSu pratimA, aneka bhikSa 1. kauzala, zrAvastI, brAhmaNa, baavrii-shissy| 2. zAkya, kapilavastu, kSatriya, zuddhodana kI ptnii| 3. madra, sAgala, rAjaputrI, magadharAja bimbisAra kI ptnii| 4. kauzala, zrAvastI, zreSThikula / 5. vhii| 6. magadha, rAjagRha, vizAkha zreSThI kI ptnii| 7. zAkya, kapilavastu, mahAprajApatI gautamI kI putrii| 8. kauzala, zrAvastI, kula-geha / 6. vhii| 10. magadha, rAjagRha, zreSThikula / 11. madra, sAgala, brAhmaNa, mahAkAzyapa kI ptnii| 12. zAkya, kapilavastu, kSatriya, rAhula-mAtA-devadahavAsI suprabuddha zAkya kI putrii| 13. kauzala, zrAvastI, vaishy| 14. magadha, rAjagRha, preSThikula / ____ 2010_05

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228 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 prathama-dvitIya-tRtIya sapta ahorAtra pratimA, aneka bhikSu eka ahorAtra pratimA, aneka bhikSu eka rAtri pratimA, aneka bhikSu sapta saptamikA pratimA, aneka bhikSu yavamadhyacandra pratimA tathA aneka bhikSu vajramadhyacandra pratimA tapa karate the|'' anya vizeSatAoM ke sambandha meM vahAM batAyA gayA hai-"ve bhikSa jJAna-sampanna, darzana sampanna, cAritra-sampanna, lajjA-sampanna va lAghava-sampanna the| ve ojasvI, tejasvI, varcasvI aura yazasvI the| ve indriya-jayI, nidrA-jayI aura pariSaha-jayI the| ve jIvana kI AzA aura mRtyu ke bhaya se vimukta the| ve prajJapti Adi vidyAoM va maMtroM meM pradhAna the| ve zreSTha, jJAnI, brahmacarya, satya va zauca meM kuzala the| ve cAruvarNa the / bhautika AzA-vAJchA se ve Upara uTha cuke the| autsukya rahita, zrAmaNya-paryAya meM sAvadhAna aura bAhya-Abhyantarika granthiyoM ke bheda meM kuzala the| sva-siddhAnta aura para-siddhAnta ke jJAtA the| para-vAdiyoM ko parAsta karane meM agraNI the| dvAdazAMgI ke jJAtA aura samasta gaNipiTaka ke dhAraka the| akSaroM ke samasta saMyogoM ke va sabhI bhASAoM ke jJAtA the| ve jina (sarvajJa) na hote hue bhI jina ke sadRza the|" prakIrNa rUpa se bhI anekAneka bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke jIvana-prasaMga Agama-sAhitya meM bikhare par3e haiM, jinase unakI vizeSatAoM kA paryApta byaurA mila jAtA hai| kAkandI ke dhanya kAkandI ke dhanya battIsa pariNItA taruNiyoM aura battIsa mahaloM ko chor3akara bhikSu hue the| mahAvIra ke sAtha rahate unhoMne itanA tapa tapA ki unakA zarIra kevala asthi-kaMkAla mAtra raha gayA thaa| rAjA bimbisAra ke dvArA pUche jAne para mahAvIra ne unake viSaya meM kahA"abhI yaha dhanya bhikSu apane tapa se, apanI sAdhanA se caturdaza sahasra bhikSa oM meM mahAduSkara kriyA karane vAlA hai|"3 meghakumAra bimbisAra ke putra meghakumAra dIkSA-paryAya kI prathama rAta meM saMyama se vicalita ho gye| unheM lagA, kala taka jaba maiM rAjakumAra thA, sabhI bhikSu merA Adara karate the, sneha dikhalAte the| Aja maiM bhikSu ho gayA, merA vaha Adara kahA~ ? muMha TAla kara bhikSu idhara-udhara apane kAmoM meM daur3e jAte haiM / sadA kI taraha mere pAsa Akara koI jamA nahIM hue| zayana kA sthAna mujhe antima milA hai| dvAra se nikalate aura Ate bhikSu merI nIMda ur3Ate haiN| mere sAtha yaha kaisA vyavahAra ? prabhAta hote hI maiM bhagavAn mahAvIra ko unakI dI huI pravrajyA vApasa kruuNgaa| prAtaHkAla jyoM hI mahAvIra ke sammukha AyA, mahAvIra ne apane hI jJAna-bala se kahA-"meghakumAra ! rAta ko tere mana meM ye-ye cintAeM utpanna huI ? tumane pAtra-rajoharaNa 1. uvavAiya sutta, 15 / 2. uvavAiya sutta, 15-16 3. imesiNaM bhante ! iMdabhUI pAmokkhANaM caudasaNhaM samaNa sAhasINaM kayare aNagAre mahA dukkara kArae ceva mahANijjarakAraeceva ? evaM khalu seNiyA! isIsiM iMdabhUI pAmokkhANaM caudasaNhaM samaNa sAhasINaM dhanne aNagAre mahAdukkarakArae cevaM mahAnijjarakArae ceva -aNuttarovavAIdasAo, varga0 3, a0 1 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pAripAzvika bhikSu-bhikSuNiyA~ 226 Adi saMbhalA kara ghara jAne kA nizciya kiyA ?" meghakumAra ne kahA- "bhagavan ! Apa satya kahate haiN|" mahAvIra ne unheM saMyamArUr3ha karane ke lie nAnA upadeza die tathA unake pUrva bhava kA vRttAnta btaayaa| medhakumAra punaH saMyamArUr3ha ho gyaa| meghakumAra bhikSu ne jAti-smaraNa jJAna paayaa| ekAdazAMgI kA adhyayana kiyaa| guNaratnasaMvatsara-tapa kI ArAdhanA kii| bhikSu kI 'dvAdaza pratimA' ArAdhI / anta meM mahAvIra se AjJA grahaNa kara vaibhAra giri para AmaraNa anazana kara utkRSTa deva-gati ko prApta hue|' bauddha paramparA meM sadyaH dIkSita nanda kA bhI medhakumAra jaisA hI hAla rahA hai| vaha apanI nava vivAhitA patnI janapada kalyANI nandA ke antima AmaMtraNa ko yAda kara dIkSita hone ke anantara hI vicalita-sA ho gyaa| buddha ne yaha saba kucha jAnA aura use pratibuddha karane ke lie le gye| mArga meM unhoMne use eka bandarI dikhalAI, jisake kAna, nAka aura pUMcha kaTI huI thI ; jisake bAla jala gaye the ; jisakI khAla phaTa gaI thI, jisakI camar3I mAtra bAkI raha gaI thI tathA jisameM se rakta baha rahA thA aura pUchA-"kyA tumhArI patnI isase adhika sundara hai ?'' vaha bolA-'avazya / " taba buddha use trAyastriza svarga meM le gye| * apsarAoM-sahita indra ne unakA abhivAdana kiyaa| buddha ne apsarAoM kI ora saMketa kara pUchA-"kyA janapada kalyANI nandA inase bhI sundara hai ?" vaha bolA-"nahIM, mante ! janapada kalyANI kI tulanA meM jaise vaha luja bandarI thI ; isI taraha inakI tulanA meM janapada kalyANI hai|" buddha ne kahA - "taba usake lie tU kyoM vikSipta ho rahA hai ? bhikSu-dharma kA pAlana kara / tujhe bhI aisI apsarAeM mileNgii|" nanda punaH zramaNa-dharma meM ArUr3ha huaa| usakA vaha vaiSayika lakSya taba miTA, jaba sAriputa Adi assI mahAzrAvakoM (bhikSuoM) ne use isa bAta ke lie lajjita kiyA ki vaha apsarAoM ke lie bhikSu-dharma kA pAlana kara rahA hai| isa prakAra viSaya-mukta hokara vaha arhat huaa| meghakumAra aura nanda ke vicalita hone ke nimitta sarvathA bhinna the, para, ghaTanA-krama donoM kA hI bahuta sarasa aura bahuta samAna hai / mahAvIra meghakumAra ko pUrva-bhava kA duHkha batA kara susthira karate haiM aura buddha nanda ke AgAmI bhava ke sukha batA kara susthira karate haiM / vizeSa ullekhanIya yaha hai ki meghakumAra kI taraha prAktana bhAvoM meM nanda ke bhI hAthI hone kA varNana jAtaka' meM hai| 1. pUrva jIvana ke lie dekheM, 'bhikSu saMgha aura usakA vistAra' prakaraNa / *2. jana paramparA kA 'sundarI nanda' kA AkhyAna bhI isa bauddha-prasaMga se bahuta milatA julatA hai| yahA~ buddha apane bhAI ko apsarAeM dikhalAkara pratibodha dete haiM, vahA~ viSayAsakta sundarI nanda ko usake bhrAtA bhikSu apane labdhi-bala se bandarI, vidyAdharI aura apsarA dikhA kara usakI patnI sundarI se virakta karate haiN| (draSTavya Avazyaka sUtra, malayagiri TIkA) 3. sutta nipAta-aTThakathA, pR0 272; dhammapada-aTThakathA, khaNDa 1, pR066-105, jAtaka saM0 182 : theragAthA 157; Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, Vol. 1, pp. 10-11. 4. saGgAmAvacara jAtaka, saM0 182, (hindI anuvAda) khaNDa 2, pR0 248-254 / ____ 2010_05

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230 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 zAlibhadra rAjagaha ke zAlibhadra, jinake vaibhava ko dekhakara rAjA bimbisAra bhI vismita raha gae the; bhikSujIvana meM Akara utkaTa tapasvI bne| mAsika, dvimAsika aura traimAsika tapa unake nirantara calatA rhtaa| eka bAra mahAvIra bRhat bhikSu-saMgha ke sAtha rAjagRha aae| zAlibhadra bhI sAtha the| usa dina unake eka mahIne kI tapasyA kA pAraNa honA thaa| unhoMne natamastaka ho, mahAvIra se bhikSArtha nagara meM jAne kI AjJA maaNgii| mahAvIra ne kahA- "jAo, apanI mAtA ke hAtha se 'pAraNA' paao|" zAlibhadra apanI mAtA bhadrA ke ghara aae| bhadrA mahAvIra aura apane putra ke darzana ko taiyAra ho rahI thii| utsukatA meM usane ghara Ae muni kI ora dhyAna hI nahIM diyaa| karmakaroM ne bhI apane svAmI ko nahIM phcaanaa| zAlibhadra binA bhikSA pAe hI lauTa ge| rAste meM eka ahIrina milii| dahI kA maTakA lie jA rahI thii| muni ko dekha kara usake mana meM sneha jgaa| romAJcita ho gii| stanoM se dUdha kI dhArA baha clii| usane muni ko dahI lene kA Agraha kiyaa| muni dahI le kara mahAvIra ke pAsa Ae / 'pAraNA' kiyaa| mahAvIra se pUchA-'bhagavan ! Apane kahA thA, mAtA ke hAtha se 'pAraNA' karo / vaha kyoM nahIM huA ?" mahAvIra ne kahA- "zAlibhadra ! mAtA ke hAtha se hI 'pAraNA' huA hai| vaha ahIrina tumhAre pichale janma kI mAtA thii|" mahAvIra kI anujJA pA zAlibhadra ne usI dina vaibhAra giri para jA AmaraNa anazana kara diyaa| bhadrA samavazaraNa meM aaii| mahAvIra ke mukha se zAlibhadra kA bhikSAcarI se lekara anazana taka kA sArA vRttAnta snaa| mAtA ke hadaya para jo bIta sakatA hai. vaha biitaa| tatkAla vaha parvata para aaii| putra kI usa tapa:-kliSTa kAyA aura maraNAbhimukha sthiti ko dekha kara usakA hRdaya hila utthaa| vaha dahAr3a mAra kara rone lgii| rAjA bimbisAra ne use sAntvanA dii| udbodhana diyaa| vaha ghara gii| zAlibhadra sarvocca deva-gati ko prApta hue| unake gRha jIvana kI vilAsa priyatA aura bhikSu-jIvana kI kaThora sAdhanA donoM hI utkRSTa thiiN| skandaka skandaka mahAvIra ke parivrAjaka bhikSu the| parivrAjaka-sAdhanA se bhikSu-sAdhanA meM AnA aura usameM utkRSTa rUpa se rama jAnA unakI ullekhanIya vizeSatA thii| Agama batAte haiM-skandaka yatnApUrvaka calate, yatnApUrvaka Thaharate, yatnApUrvaka baiThate, yatnApUrvaka sote, yatnApUrvaka khAte aura yatnApUrvaka bolate / prANa, bhUta, jIva, sattva ke prati saMyama rkhte| ve kAtyAyana gotrIya skandaka IryA Adi pA~coM samitiyoM se saMyata, manaH saMyata, vaca: saMyata, kAya saMyata, jitendriya, AkAMkSA-rahita, capalatA-rahita aura saMyamarata the|' skandaka bhikSu sthaviroM ke pAsa adhyayana kara ekAdaza aMgoM ke jJAtA bne| unhoMne bhikSu kI dvAdaza pratimA aaraadhii| bhagavAn mahAvIra se AjJA lekara guNaratnasaMvatsara-tapa tpaa| isa utkaTa tapa se unakA sundara, suDola aura manohArI zarIra rUkSa, zuSka aura nirmAsa ho gyaa| carmaveSTita haDDiyAM hI zarIra meM raha giiN| jaba ve calate, unakI haDDiyA~ zabda karatIM, 1. bhagavatI sUtra, za0 2, u01| 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA pAripAzvika bhikSu-bhikSuNiyA~ 231 jaise koI sakhe pattoM se marI gAr3I cala rahI ho, koyaloM se bharI gAr3I cala rahI ho| ve apane tapa ke teja se dIpta the|' skandaka tapasvI ko bolane meM hI nahIM; bolane kA mana karane mAtra se hI klAnti hone lgii| apane zarIra kI isa kSINAvasthA kA vicAra kara ve mahAvIra ke pAsa aae| unase AmaraNa anazana kI AjJA maaNgii| anujJA pA, paricAraka bhikSaoM ke sAtha vipUlAcala parvata para aae| yathAvidhi anazana grahaNa kiyaa| eka mAsa ke anazana se kAla-dharma ko pA acyutkalpa svarga meM deva hue / mahAvIra ke pAripArivakoM meM inakA bhI ullekhanIya sthAna rahA hai| paMcamAMga bhagavatI meM inake jIvana aura inakI sAdhanA para savistAra prakAza DAlA gayA hai| mahAvIra kI bhikSaNiyoM meM candanabAlA ke atirikta mRgAvatI, devAnandA, jayantI, sudarzanA Adi aneka nAma ullekhanIya haiN| ___ mahAvIra aura buddha ke pAripAzvika bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM kI yaha saMkSipta paricaya-gAthA hai| vistAra ke lie isa dizA meM bahuta avakAza hai| jo likhA gayA hai, vaha to prastuta viSaya kI jhalaka mAtra ke lie hI yatheSTa mAnA jA sakatA hai| 1. tae NaM se khaMdae aNagAre teNaM urAleNaM, viuleNaM, .. mahANubhAgeNaM tavokammeNaM sukke, lukkhe, nimmase, advi-cammAvaNaddhe, kiDikiDiyAbhUe, kise, dhamaNi saMtae jAe yAvi hotthaa| jIvaM-jIveNa gacchai, jIvaMjIveNa ciTThai, bhAsaM bhAsittA vi gilAi, bhAsaM bhAsamANe gilAi, bhAsaM bhAsissAmIti gilAyati / se jahAnAmae kaTThasagaDiyA i vA, pattasagaDiyA i vA, patta-tila-maMDagasagaDiyA i vA, eraMDakaTThasagaDiyA i vA, iMgAlasagaDiyA i vA uNhe diNNA sukkA samANI sasaI gacchai, sasaI ciTThai, aivAmeva khaMdae vi aNagAre sasaI gacchai sasadda ciTThai, uvacie taveNaM, avacie maMsasoNieNaM, huyAsaNe viva bhAsArAsipaDicchaNNe taveNaM, teeNaM, tava-teyasirIe atIva atIva uvasobhemANe citttthi| -bhagavatI sutta, za0 2, u01 2010_05

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12 pramukha upAsaka-upAsikAeM AgamoM aura tripiTakoM kI chAnabIna meM mahAvIra aura buddha kI upAsaka-upAsikAoM kA vivaraNa bhI paryApta rUpa se mila jAtA hai / anuyAyI ke artha meM donoM hI paramparAoM meM 'zramaNopAsaka' zabda mukhyataH prayukta huA hai| jaina aura bauddha zramaNa-paramparA kI hI zAkhAe~ thIM ; ata: zramaNopAsaka zabda unake pRSThavartI tAdAtmya ko vyakta karatA hai / 'zrAvaka' zabda kA prayoga bhI donoM paramparAoM meM milatA hai| jaina paramparA meM upAsaka ke hI artha meM tathA bauddha paramparAoM meM bhikSu aura upAsaka ; donoM hI artha meM isakA prayoga milatA hai| jaise-bhikSa zrAvaka aura upaask-shraavk|' pramukha jaina upAsaka upAsakoM kA paricaya aura unakI caryA jitanI vyavasthita AgamoM meM milatI hai; utanI tripiTakoM meM nahIM / jaina paramparA ke gyAraha aMga sUtroM meM sAtavA~ aMga sUtra mahAvIra ke daza pramukha zrAvakoM kI jIvana-caryA kA ho paricAyaka hai| bhagavatI Adi aura bhI aneka sUtroM meM anekAneka upAsaka-upAsikAoM kA vivaraNa milatA hai| uvavAsagadasAoM meM dazoM hI upAsakoM ke nirgrantha-dharma svIkAra karane kA, unake pArivarika janoM kA, unake vyavasAya kA, unakI dhana-rAzikA tathA unake go-kUloM kA kramabaddha vivaraNa hai| Upara meM eka-eka zrAvaka ke pA caubIsa karor3a svarNa-mudrAe~ aura azIti (assI) sahasra gaueM hone kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| bauddha upAsikA vizAkhA ke pAsa to aura adhika dhana hone kI sacanA milatI hai| 27 karoDa svarNa-mudrAe~ to usane pUrvArAma Azrama ke nirmANa meM kharca kI thiiN| bauddha upAsakoM ke pAsa bhI bar3I saMkhyA meM gaue~ hone kA saMketa tripiTaka-sAhitya meM milatA hai| bauddha upAsakoM kI vizeSatA mukhyata: vihAra-nirmANa aura bhojana, vastra Adi ke dAna ke rUpa meM hI vyakta kI gaI hai| jaina upAsakoM kI vizeSataoM meM dvAdaza vratoM kI ArAdhanA, samyaktva kI ArAdhanA, tapasyA Adi kA pramukha sthAna hai| jaina upAsakoM kI ArAdhanA meM devakRta upasargoM kA bhI romAMcaka varNana AtA hai / kucha zrAvaka vicalita ho jAte haiM aura kucha acala raha jAte haiN| 1. aMguttara nikAya, ekakanipAta, 14 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA pramukha upAsaka upAsikAe~ 233 uvAsagadasAo ke daza upAsakoM ke nAma haiM-1: Ananda, 2. kAmadeva, 3. cUliNIppiyA, 4. surAdeva, 5. cullazataka, 6. kuNDakolika, 7. zakaDAla-putra, 8. mahAzataka, 6. nandinIpitA, 10. saaNlihiipitaa| inake grAma-nagara haiM- 1. vANijya grAma, 2. campAnagarI, 3-4. vArANasI, 5. AlambhikA, 6. kAmpilyapura, 7. polAsapura 8. rAjagRha, 6.10. shraavstii| inake pAsa kramazaH gaue~ thIM-1. cAlIsa sahasra, 2. sATha sahasra, 3. assI sahasra 4. sATha sahasra, 5. sATha sahasra, 6. sATha sahasra, 7. daza sahasra, 8. assI sahasra, 6. cAlIsa sahasra, 10. cAlIsa sahasra / inakI dhana-rAzi kA ullekha kramazaH isa prakAra milatA hai-1. bAraha hiraNya koTi, 2. aTThAraha hiraNya koTi, 3. caubIsa. hiraNya koTi, 4-5-6. aTThAraha-aTThAraha hiraNya koTi, 7. tIna hiraNya koTi, 8. caubIsa hiraNya koTi, 6-10 bAraha-bAraha hiraNya kotti| daza upAsakoM ke atirikta bhI mahAvIra ke aneka upAsaka-upAsikAe thI; jinameM-1. zakha, 2. pokhalI,23. sudarzanA, 4. sulasA, 5. revatI' Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| mahAvIra ke kula zrAvaka 1 lAkha 56 sahasra tathA zrAvikAe~3 lAkha 18 sahasra batAI gaI haiN| yaha kahIM nahIM batAyA gayA hai ki yaha saMkhyA kisa koTi ke zrAvakoM kI hai, a mAtra kIyA kevala Ananda Adi dvAdaza vratadhArI zrAvakoM ko| pramukha bauddha upAsaka-upAsikAe~ buddha ne etadagga vagga meM nimna upAsaka-upasikAoM kI gaNanA kI hai 1. bhikSuo! mere upAsaka zrAvakoM meM prathama zaraNa Ane vAloM meM tapassu aura bhalluka vaNika agra haiN| 2............dAtAoM meM anAtha-piNDika sudatta gRhapatiH ... / 3........ dharma-kathikoM meM citra gRhpti....| 4........'cAra saMgraha vastuoM se pariSat ko saMyojita karane vAloM meM hastaka Ala vaka...111 1. bhagavatI sutta , za012, u01| 2. vhii| 3. vhii| 4. Avazyaka cuurnni| 5. bhagavatI sutta, sh015| 6. samavAyAMga, sUtra 114-115 / 7. asitajana nagara, kuTumbika geha / 8. vhii| 6. kauzala, zrAvastI, sumana shresstthi-putr| 10. magadha, macchikASaNDa, zreSThi-kula / 11. paMcAla, AlavI, raajkumaar| ____ 2010_05

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234 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana 5. bhikSuo ! uttama vastuoM ke dAtAoM meM mahAnAma zAkya ' hai / 6.........................manApa (priya) vastuoM ke dAtAoM meM gRhapati ugr*...| ........ saMgha- sevakoM meM gRhapati udgata ... / 8... * atyanta prasannamanA meM zUra ambaSTa 4 ... / ha.......................pudgala (vyaktigata ) prasannamanA meM jIvaka kaumAra mRtya ... * vizvastoM meM gRhapati nakula-pitA ... / 10.... 1. bhikSuo ! merI zrAvikAoM meM prathama zaraNa grahaNa karane vAlI upAsikAoM meM sujAtA agra hai | * dAyikAoM meM vizAkhA mRgAramAtA ... / * bahuzrutAoM meM khujja - uttarA .. ***1 * maitrI vihAra prAptoM meM sAmAvatI 10... / - dhyAyikAoM meM uttarA nandamAtA 11... * praNIta-dAyikAoM meM supravAsA koliya- duhitA * rugNoM kI zuzrUSikAoM meM upAsikA supriyaa...| * atyanta prasannamanA meM kAtyAyanI 14... 5 * ......... vizvastoM meM gRhapatnI nakula- mAtA 15... | 10. "anuzrava prasannamanA meM upAsikA kAlI 16... / ullikhita upAsaka - upAsikAoM meM kucha ke nAmollekha mAtra hI milate haiM aura kucha ke nAnA ghaTanA-prasaMga / tapassuka aura bhalluka ne bodhi-lAbha ke pazcAt buddha ko modaka aura 1. zAkya, kapilavastu, kSatriya, (anuruddha kA jyeSTha bhrAtA) 2. vajjI, vaizAlI, zreSThi-kula / 3. vajjI, hastigrAma zreSThi-kula / 4. kauzala, zrAvastI, zreSThi-kula / 5. magadha, rAjagRha, abhayakumAra aura sAtavalikA gaNikA se utpanna / 6. bhagga, saMsumAragiri, zreSThi-kula / 7. magadha, uruvelA senAnI-grAma, senAnI kuTumbika kI putrI / 8. kauzala, zrAvastI, vaizya / 6. vatsa, kauzAmbI, ghoSaka zreSThI kI dhAya kI putrI / 10. bhadravatI rASTra, bhadrikA nagara, bhadravatika zreSThi-putrI, pazcAt vatsa, kauzAmbI, ghoSita zreSThI kI dharmaputrI ; vatsarAja udayana kI mahiSI / 11. magadha, rAjagRha, sumana zreSThI ke adhIna pUrNasiMha kI putrI / 12. zAkya, kuNDiyA, sIvalI mAtA kSatriya / 13. kAzI, vArANasI, vaizya / 14. avantI, kuraraghara ( vazya) noNakuTikaNNa kI mAtA / 15. bhagga, saMsumAragiri / [ khaNDa : 1 16. magadha, rAjagRha, kulageha meM utpanna aura avantI ke kuraraghara meM udvAhitA / - aMguttara nikAya, aikakanipAta, 14 ke AdhAra se / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA) pramukha upAsaka-upAsikAe~ 235 dhi kA dAna kiyA aura prathama zaraNAgata bne| ye banajAre the aura inakA buddha se Akasmika saMyoga huA thaa| citra gRhapati buddha kA Adarza va carcAvAdI upAsaka thaa| usane nigaNTha nAtaputta se bhI varcA kI thii| eka bAra sudhamma bhikSu ke sAtha usakA matabheda ho gyaa| sudhamma buddha ke pAsa gyaa| buddha ne kahA- "sudhamma ! tumhArA hI doSa hai| jAo, citra se kSamA maaNgo|" yaha ThIka vaisA hI lagatA hai, jaisA mahAvIra ne gautama ko Ananda ke sambandha meM kahA thaa| citra gRhapati kI maraNa-velA para devatA upasthita hue| unhoMne kahA- "Apa hamAre indra hoM, aisA saMkalpa kreN|" citra ne kahA-"maiM aisI nazvara kAmanA nahIM krtaa|"3 janaAgama bhagavatI meM tApasa tAmalI kA varNana haiN| usane AmaraNa anazana kiyaa| usa samaya devatA Aye aura use apanA indra hone kA nidAna karane ke lie kahA / vaha cupa rahA, yaha soca kara ki tapasyA ko becanA alAbha aura aziva ke lie hogaa| jIvaka kaumAra bhRtya bimbisAra kA rAja-vaidya thaa| sudUra rAjyoM taka rAja-kuloM meM, zreSTha-kuloM meM isakI mahimA thii| isane aneka anahone upacAra anahone DhaMga se kiye the| bimbisAra ne ise rAjya-vaidya ke rUpa meM sthApita karane ke sAtha-sAtha buddha aura unake bhikSusaMgha kI sevA ke lie bhI sthApita kiyA thaa| yaha rAjagRha kI sAlavatI-nAmaka nagara vadhU kA putra thaa| kUr3e ke Dhera para pheMka diye jAne ke kAraNa abhayakumAra ke mahaloM meM isakA pAlana huaa| takSazilA meM isakI zikSA huii| aMguttara nikAya aTThakathA va vinayapiTaka Adi meM isake dvArA kie gaye buddha ke tathA anya vyaktiyoM ke adbhuta upacAroM kA rocaka varNana hai| bauddha' mAnyatA ke anusAra usa yuga kA yaha eka mahattvapUrNa vyakti thaa| isane hI buddha se ajAtazatru kA prathama samparka karAyA thA, para, jaina-AgamoM va jaina purANa-sAhitya meM jIvaka ke viSaya meM koI ullekha nahIM miltaa|| jaina paramparA meM Ananda aura sulasA tathA bauddha paramparA meM anAthapiNDika aura vizAkhA mRgAra mAtA ke jIvana-prasaMga paramparA-bodha ke pratIka mAne jA sakate haiN| unheM yahAM kramazaH diyA jA rahA hai| gRhapati Ananda vANijya grAma meM jitazatru kA rAjya thaa| usakI IzAna dizA meM butipalAza nAmaka eka udyAna bhI thaa| dyutipalAza yakSa kA vahA~ Ayatana thA; ataH usakA vahI nAmakaraNa ho gayA / gRhapati Ananda usI vANijya grAma kA nivAsI thaa| usakI patnI kA nAma zivAnandA shraa| vaha atyanta surUpA, kalA-kuzala va pati-bhaktA thii| gRhapati Ananda kA dAmpatyajIvana bahuta hI sukhapUrNa thaa| usake pAsa pracura sampatti thii| cAra karor3a hiraNya usakI 1. vizeSa vivaraNa dekheM, 'tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta' prakaraNa ke anta rgata 'citra gRhpti'| 2. dekheM isI prakaraNa meM 'gRhapati Ananda' / 3. saMyutta nakAya, 36 / 1 / 10 ; Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, vol. I, pp. 866. 4. zataka 3, uddezaka 1 / 5. aMguttara nikAya-aTThakathA (khaNDa 2, pR 366) meM use abhayakumAra kA putra mAnA gayA hai| 2010 05

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236 bAgama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 surakSita nidhi thI, cAra karor3a hiraNya byAja-vyavasAya meM aura cAra karor3a hiraNya usake pravistAra (vyApAra) meM lage hue the| usake pAsa cAra vraja (gokula) the| pratyeka vraja meM dasa hajAra goe~ thiiN| pracura sAmagrI va mahattama gau-kuloM se vaha mahaddhika kahalAtA thaa| Ananda apane nagara kA vizvasta va zraddhApAtra thaa| rAjA, yuvarAja, nagara-rakSaka, sImAnta pradeza ke rAjA, grAma-pradhAna, zreSThI, sArthavAha Adi sabhI vyakti apane bahuta sAre kAryoM meM, apanI gupta maMtraNAoM, rahasyoM va vyavahAroM meM usase parAmarza lete the| apane parivAra kA vahI AdhAra-stambha thaa| nirgrantha-pravacana meM ruci vANijya grAma kI uttara-pUrva dizA meM kollAga upanagara thaa| vaha bhI bahuta samRddha thaa| gRhapati Ananda ke vahA~ bhI bahuta sAre mitra va sambandhI rahate the| eka bAra grAmAnugrAma vihAra karate hue bhagavAn, mahAvIra vANijya grAma pdhaare| samavasaraNa lgaa| rAjA jitazatru aura sahasroM kI saMkhyA meM janatA darzanArtha va upadeza zravaNArtha aaii| zahara meM adabhuta cahalapahala thii| Ananda ne bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zubhAgamana kA saMvAda sunaa| vaha pulakita va romAJcita huaa| bhagavAn ke darzana mahAphala-dAyaka hote haiM; isa manoratha ke sAtha usane dazanArtha jAne aura paryupAsanA karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| usane snAna kiyA, zuddha vastra pahane aura AbhUSaNoM se susajjita ho, anuyAyI vRnda se parivRtta, vANijya grAma ke madhya se paidala hI calA / usake chatra para koraMTa kI mAlA lagI huI thii| vaha dyutipalAza caitya paha~cA, jahAM ki mahAvIra Thahare hue the| tIna bAra AdakSiNa-pradakSiNApUrvaka usane vandanA kI aura pariSad ke sAtha upadeza-zravaNa meM lIna ho gyaa| dharmopadeza suna kara janatA apane ghara gii| gRhapati Ananda bhagavAna mahAvIra ke usa upadeza se bahuta santuSTa aura prasanna huaa| usane nivedana kiyA-"bhante ! maiM nirgrantha-pravacana meM zraddhAzIla huuN| nimrantha-pravacana meM hI merI pratIti va ruci hai / jaise Apa kahate haiM, saba vaise hI haiN| yaha satya hai| maiM isa dharma kI cAha rakhatA huuN| punaH-punaH cAha rakhatA huuN| bhante ! Apake pAsa bahuta se rAjA, yuvarAja, senApati, nagara-rakSaka mANDalika, kauTumbika, zreSThI, sArthavAha muNDita hokara AgAra-dharma se anagAra-dharma meM Ate haiN| kintu, maiM sAdhu-jIvana kI kaThina caryA meM nirgamana ke lie asamartha hU~; ata: gahi-dharma ke dvAdaza vrata grahaNa karanA cAhatA huuN|" bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-"yathA sukha karo, kiMtu, zreya meM vilamba na kraa|" nirgrantha-dharma kA prahaNa gAthApati Ananda ne dvAdaza vrata grahaNa karate hue nivedana kiyA--"bhante ! maiM do karaNa aura tIna yoga se sthUla prANAtipAta, sthUla mRSAvAda va sthUla adattAdAna kA pratyAkhyAna karatA huuN| zivAnandA ke atirikta sabhI striyoM meM merI mAtR-dRSTi hogii| icchA-pariNAma vrata ke antargata saMrakSita cAra hiraNya koTi, vyavasAya meM prayojita cAra hiraNya koTi aura dhanya-dhAnya Adi ke pravistAra meM prayojita cAra hiraNya koTi ke atirikta dhana-saMgraha kA tyAga karatA huuN| cAra vraja se adhika nahIM rkhuugaa| kSetra-bhUmi meM pAMca sau hala se adhika nahIM rkhNgaa| pAMca sau zakaTa pradezAntara meM jAne ke lie aura pAMca sau zakaTa gharelU kAma ke lie, isa prakAra eka hajAra se adhika zakaTa nahIM rkhuugaa| cAra vAhana (jahAja) pradezAntara meM ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA pramukha upAsaka-upAsikAe~ 237 vyavasAya ke lie aura cAra vAhana gharelU kAma ke lie, isa prakAra ATha se adhika vAhana nahIM rkhuugaa| snAna karane ke bAda zarIra poMchane ke abhiprAya se gaMdhakASAyita vastra ke atirikta anya vastra kA tyAga karatA hU~ / madhu-yaSTi ke atirikta dAtUna kA tyAga karatA huuN| kSIrAmalaka ke atirikta sabhI phaloM kA tyAga karatA huuN| kSoma yugala ke atirikta samasta vastra pahanane aura kANeyaka (kAna kA AbhUSaNa) va nAmakita mudrikA ke atirikta AbhUSaNa pahanane kA pratyAkhyAna karatA huuN|" bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA- 'Ananda ! jIvAjIva kI vibhakti ke jJAtA va apanI maryAdA meM viharaNa karane vAle zramaNopAsaka ko vratoM ke aticAra bhI jAnanA cAhie aura unakA parihAra karate hue hI AcaraNa karanA caahie|" abhigraha ___ Ananda kI jijJAsA para bhagavAn mahAvIra ne aticAroM kA savistAra vivecana kiyaa| Ananda ne pAMca aNuvrata aura sAta zikSA-vrata grahaNa kiye| Ananda ne eka abhigraha grahaNa karate hae nivedana kiyA-"bhante ! Aja se maiM itara taMthikoM ko, itara taithikoM ke devatAoM va itara taithikoM dvArA svIkRta arihanta-caityoM ko vandana-namaskAra nahIM kruuNgaa| unake dvArA vArtA kA Arambha na hone para, unase vArtAlApa karanA, punaH-punaH vArtAlApa karanA, guru-buddhi se unheM azana, pAna, khAdima, svAdima Adi denA mujhe nahIM kalpatA hai| mante ! isa abhigraha chaH apavAda hoMge-1. rAjA, 2. gaNa, 3. balavAna aura, 4. devatAoM ke abhiyoga se, 5. guru Adi ke nigraha se tathA 6. araNya Adi kA prasaMga upasthita hone para mujhe unheM dAna denA kalpatA hai|" apanI daDha dhArmikatA vyakta karate hae gahapati Ananda ne kahA- mante ! nirgrantho ko prAsuka va eSaNIya azana, pAna, khAdima, svAdima, vastra, kambala, pratigraha (pAtra), pAdaproJchana, pITha, phalaka, zayyA, saMstAraka, auSadha, bhaiSaja kA pratilAbha karanA mujhe kalpatA meM mere abhigraha-grahaNa ke anantara gahapati Ananda ne bahata se prazna pUcha aura tattva ko hRdayaMgama kiyaa| tIna bAra AdakSigA-pradakSiNApUrvaka vandanA kI aura apane ghara aayaa| harSa-vibhora hokara zivAnanda se kahane lagA-"zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samIpa maiMne dharma ko sunaa| vaha dharma mujhe bahuta iSTa hai| vaha mujhe bahuta rucikara pratIta huaa| subhage ! tuma bhI jaao| bhagavAn mahAvIra ko vandanA-namaskAra karo, paryupAsanA karo aura unase pA~ca aNuvrata aura sAta zikSA-vrata rUpa gRhastha-dharma svIkAra kro|" pati kA nirdeza pAkara zivAnandA bahata pulakita hii| usane snAna kiyA, alpa bhAra va bahamUlya vastrAbharaNa pahane aura dAsiyoM ke parikara se ghirI zIghragAmI. prazasta va sasajjita zreSTha dhArmika yAna para ArUr3ha hokara dyutipalAza caitya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa meM phuNcii| mahatA pariSad ke sAtha bhagavAn kI dezanA sunI aura Atma-vibhora huii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakSa usane dvAdaza vrata rUpa gRhastha-dharma svIkAra kiyA aura apane AvAsa lauTa aaii| gaNaghara gautama ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchA-"prabho! zramaNopAsaka Ananda kyA Apake samIpa pranajita hone meM samartha hai ?" 2010_05

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238 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 bhagavAn mahAvIra ne uttara diyA-"gautama ! aisA nahIM hai / zramaNopAsaka Ananda bahuta varSoM taka zrAvaka-paryAya kA pAlana karegA aura anazana pUrvaka zarIra-tyAga kara saudharma kalpa ke aruNAma vimAna meM cAra palyopama kI sthiti se utpanna hogaa|" gRha-bhAra se mukti Ananda aura zivAnandA; donoM hI jIva-ajIba kI paryAyoM para anucintana karate hue sukhapUrvaka rahe / zIla vrata, guNa vrata, pratyAkhyAna aura pauSadhopavAsa Adi ke mAdhyama se apanI AtmA ko bhAvita karate hue unake caudaha varSa bIta gye| pandrahavAM varSa cala rahA thaa| eka bAra rAtri ke uttarArdha meM dharma-jAgaraNA karate hue usake mana meM saMkalpa utpanna haA"vANijya grAma nagara ke rAjA, yuvarAja, nagara-rakSaka, nagara-pradhAna Adi AtmIya janoM kA maiM AdhAra haiN| adhikAMza kAryoM meM ve sabhI mujhase mantraNA karate rahate haiN| isI vyastatA aura vyagratA ke kAraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samIpa svIkRta dharma-prajJapti ko pUrNatayA kriyAnvita karane meM maiM aba taka asamartha rahA huuN| kitanA sundara ho, kala prAtaHkAla hote hI mitra, jJAti-svajanoM ko apane ghara nimantrita kara, unheM azana, pAna, khAdima, svAdima Adi se saMtarpita kara, unakI upasthiti meM jyeSTha putra ko ghara kA sArA dAyitva sauMpa daM aura una sabakI anumati lekara kollAka sannivezastha jJAtakula kI pauSadhazAlA meM mahAvIra kI dharmaprajJapti ko svIkAra kara vicaraNa kruuN|" sUryodaya hote hI zramaNopAsaka Ananda ne apane dar3ha nizcaya ko kriyAnvita kiyaa| apane prAMgaNa meM mitra va jJAti-svajanoM kA sammAna kiyA aura unake bIca apane jyeSTha putra ko kuTumba kA dAyitva sauMpA aura sabase kahA- bhaviSya meM majha se kisI sambandha meM vicAra-vimarSaNa na kreN| maiM ekAnta meM dharma-jAgaraNA hI karanA cAhatA huuN|" apane svajanoM se anujJA le gahapati Ananda kollAga sannivezastha poSadhazAlA meM aayaa| pauSadhazAlA ko pUMjA, uccAra-prasavaNa kI bhUmi kA pratilekhana kiyaa| darma kA saMstAraka bichAyA, usa para baiThA aura bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dharma prajJapti ko svIkAra kara vicarane lgaa| pratimA-grahaNa gRhapati Ananda ne zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimA svIkAra kii| sUtra ke anusAra, kalpa ke anasAra. mArga ke anusAra va tattva ke anusAra usane pratyeka pratimA ko kAyA dvArA grahaNa kiyA aura upayoga pUrvaka unakA rakSaNa kiyaa| aticAroM kA tyAga karate hue vaha vizuddha haa| pratyAkhyAna kA samaya samApta hone para bhI vaha kucha samaya taka unameM aura bhI sthira rhaa| pratimAoM kA svIkaraNa aura unameM hone vAle ghora tapazcaraNa se zramaNopAsaka Ananda kA zarIra atyanta kRza ho gyaa| naseM dikhalAI par3ane lgiiN| dharma-jAgaraNA karate hue eka dina usake mana meM phira vicAra utpanna huA-"isa anuSThAna se maiM asthiyoM kA piMjara mAtra raha gayA ha~; phira bhI mujhameM aba taka utthAna, karma, vIrya, puruSAkAra, parAkrama, zraddhA, dhati aura saMvega haiM / kyoM na maiM inakI avasthiti meM hI apazcima mAraNAntika saMlekhanA se yukta ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pramukha upAsaka-upAsikAe~ 236 hokara, bhakta-pAna kA pratyAkhyAna kruuN| aisA karanA hI aba mere lie zreyaskara hai|" usane vaisA hI kiyaa| eka bAra zubha adhyavasAya, zubha pariNAma va vizuddha hotI huI lezyAoM se Ananda ke jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA kSayopazapa huaa| usase use suvistRta avadhijJAna kI prApti huii| usa jJAna ke bala para vaha uttara meM cUla hemavanta parvata taka, dakSiNa, pazcima aura pUrva meM pAMca sau yojana lavaNa samudra taka, Upara saudharma devaloka taka aura adho prathama naraka ke lolupa narakA. vAsa taka dekhane aura jAnane jgaa| gautama aura avadhijJAna unhIM dinoM bhagavAna mahAvIra vANijya grAma aae| gautama svAmI bele kI tapasyA pUrNa kara bhagavAna mahAvIra se AjJA lekara bhikSA ke lie nagara meM Ae / nagara meM Ananda zrAvaka AvaraNa anazana kI jaba carcA sunI to unake mana meM dekhane kA bhAva utpanna haa| ve Ananda kI pauSadhazAlA meM aae| Ananda ne zArIrika asAmarthya ke kAraNa leTe-leTe hI vandanA kI aura caraNa sparza kiyaa| Ananda ne kahA-"bhagavan gautama ! kyA AmaraNa anazana meM gRhastha ko avadhi jJAna utpanna ho sakatA hai ?" gautama-"hA~, ho sakatA hai|" mAnanda-"mujhe avadhi jJAna prApta huA hai aura vaha pUrva aura pazcima Adi dizAoM meM itanA vizAla hai|" gautama-"Ananda ! gRhastha ko itanA vizAla avadhi jJAna nahIM mila sakatA / anazana meM tujha se yaha mithyA sambhASaNa huA hai; ataH tU isakI AlocanA va prAyazcitta kr|" Ananda-"prabho ! mahAvIra ke zAsana meM satyAcaraNa kA prAyazcitta hotA hai yA asatyAcaraNa kA?" gautama-"asatyAcaraNa kaa|" Ananda-'prabho ! Apa hI prAyazcitta kreN| Apa hI se asatyAcaraNa huA hai|" Ananda kI isa dRr3hatApUrNa vArtA ko sunakara gautama svAmI sasaMbhrama hue| vahAM se cala kara ve bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa Aye aura vaha sArA vArtAlApa unheM sunaayaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-"gautama ! tujha se hI asatyAcaraNa huA hai| tU Ananda ke pAsa jA aura usase kSamA-yAcanA kr|" - gautama svAmI tatkAla Ananda ke pAsa Ae aura bole- Ananda ! bhagavAna mahAvIra ne mujhe hI satya kahA hai| maiM vRthA vivAda ke lie tujha se kSamA cAhatA huuN|" gRhapati Ananda ne bIsa varSa taka zramaNopAsaka paryAya kA pAlana kiyaa| aMtima samaya anazana, AlocanA Adi kara saudharma kalpa ke aruNAbha vimAna meM utpanna huaa|' sulasA rAjagRha meM nAga rathika rahatA thaa| usakI dharmapatnI kA nAma sulasA thaa| donoM hI nirgrantha-zrAvaka the| ve dRr3hadharmI va priyadharmI ke nAma se pukAre jAte the| unakI samyaktva nirmala 1. uvAsagadasAo, a0 1 ke AdhAra para / ____ 2010_05

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240 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 va sudRr3ha thI / ve zrAvaka ke vratoM kA zuddhatApUrvaka pAlana karate the| sulasA dharma meM adhika dRr3ha thii| zrAvaka nAga ke yaha bhI niyama thA ki aba vaha dUsarA vivAha nahI kregaa| donoM hI AnandapUrvaka apanA jIvana bitAte hue dharmArAdhana kara rahe the| putra kA abhAva __ eka bAra nAga ne kisI seTha ke bAlakoM ko ghara ke AMgana meM khelate hue dekhA / bacce bar3e sukumAra, caMcala va manohArI the| unake khelane se A~gana khila uThA / zrAvaka nAga ke hRdaya meM vaha dRzya samA gayA / usake mana meM bAra-bAra yaha vicAra ubharatA ki vaha ghara sUnA hai, jahA~ aise bacce na hoN| kintu, sUne ghara kI pUrti karanA kisI ke vaza kI bAta to nahIM hai / putra-prApti kI prabala icchA ne zrAvaka nAga ko isake lie bahuta kucha socane ko bAdhita kara diyaa| vaha laukika deva, jyotiSiyoM va paNDe-pujAriyoM ke cakkara meM ghUmane lagA / sulasA ko jaba yaha jJAta huA to usane spaSTa zabdoM meM apane pati se kahA- "putra, yaza, dhana Adi sabhI apane hI kRta karmAnusAra prApta hote haiN| manuSya ke prayatna yA deva-kRpA kevala nimitta mAtra hI ho sakate haiN| kisI vastu kA prApta na honA, yaha to apane antarAya karma se hI sambandhita hai / ise dUra karane ke lie jyotiSiyoM dvArA batAye gaye anuSThAna, laukika devo kI upAsanA va anya sAdhana kyA kara sakeMge? hamAre lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki hama apanA adhikase-adhika samaya dAna, zIla, tapazcaryA Adi dhArmika anuSThAna meM lgaayeN| isase karma zithila hoMge aura apane abhilaSita kI prApti bhI ho skegii| mujhe lagatA hai, aba mujhase Apako putra kI prApti nahIM hogI; ataH kitanA sundara ho, Apa dUsarA vivAha kara leN|" zrAvaka nAga ne uttara diyA-"mujhe tumhAre hI putra kI AvazyakatA hai| maiM dUsarA vivAha nahIM karanA caahtaa|" sulasA ne apanI svAbhAvika bhASA meM kahA-"yaha to saMyoga-viyoga kI bAta hai| prApti aura aprApti meM harSa va zoka donoM hI nahIM hone caahie| jo vyakti inase Upara uThatA hai, vaha apane lakSya para avazya pahu~ca jAtA hai|" sulasA kI isa preraNA se nAga ke mana meM putraabhAva kA duHkha kucha kama huA aura vaha apane anya kAryoM ke sAtha dhArmika kriyAoM meM dRr3hatA se saMlagna ho gyaa| parIkSA eka bAra sulasA ke ghara eka sAdhu aayaa| usane sulasA se rugNa sAdhu ke nAma para lakSapAka tela kI yAcanA kii| mulasA apane ghara sAdhu ko dekhakara pulakita ho utthii| tela lAne ke lie zIghratA se apane kamare meM gii| deva-yoga se jyoM hI baha tela kA bartana uThAne lagI, usake hAtha se vaha chUTa gayA aura tIna bAra aisA hI huaa| bartana bhI phUTa gayA aura bahumUlya tela bhI bikhara gyaa| svabhAvataH hI aise avasara para vyakti gusse se bhara jAyA karatA hai, para, usake aisA na huaa| ghara meM tela ke tIna hI bartana the aura tInoM hI isa taraha phUTa gaye / bAhara Akara usane zAnta bhAva se muni se sArI ghaTanA kaha sunaaii| sAdhu ne use acchI taraha se dekhaa| vaha bilkula zAnta thI aura itanA hone para bhI usake mana meM sAdhu ke prati bhakti hI umar3a rahI thii| sAdhu ne apanA svarUpa badalA aura deva ke rUpa meM sulasA ke sammukha khar3A ho gyaa| sulasA use samajha nahIM paaii| dUsare hI kSaNa deva ne kahA- "deva-sabhA meM zakendra ne terI ___ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA pramukha upAsaka-upAsikAe~ 241 kSamAzIlatA kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI thii| zakrendra kA kahanA thA ki vaha samyaktva zrAvaka-vrata meM meM itanI dRr3ha hai ki deva, dAnava yA mAnava koI bhI use vicalita nahIM kara sktaa| zakendra ke kathana se prerita hokara parIkSA ke nimitta maiM yahA~ AyA / sAdhu koI nahIM thA, maiM hI thaa| bartana tere hAtha se phisale haiM, para, unameM merI zakti bhI lagI hai / maiM terI dRr3ha dhArmikatA aura upazAntatA se bahuta prabhAvita huA huuN| zakrendra kA kathana vastutaH ThIka hI thaa| maiM bahuta prasanna huA hU~ aura tujhe vara mAMgane ke lie AhvAna karatA huuN|" / ___ sulasA ne muskarAte hue uttara diyA--"dhana, aizvarya va sammAna kI mere lie koI kamI nahIM hai / jIvana meM khalane vAlA eka hI abhAva hai, jise Apa bhI jAnate hI haiM / maiM samajhatI hu~, samaya Ane para merA vaha manoratha bhI svataH phalita hogaa|" abhAva kI pUrti deva sulasA kI bhAvanA kA bar3A sammAna karane lgaa| vaha usake sukha-duHkha ko apanA hI sukha-duHkha samajhane lgaa| usane kahA-"bahina ! ye lo, battIsa goliyaaN| samaya-samaya para eka-eka golI khAnA / tere battIsa putra hoMge aura terI kAmanA phalita hogii| isake atirikta aura bhI jaba koI kabhI kArya ho, mujhe yAda karanA / '' sulasA ne ve battIsa goliyA~ le lIM aura deva antardhAna ho gyaa| sulasA ke mana meM AyA, maiM battIsa putroM kA kyA kruuNgii| sUne ghara ko bharane ke lie to zubha lakSaNoM vAlA eka putra bhI paryApta ho sakatA hai| kitanA acchA ho, yadi ina goliyoM ko eka sAtha hI khA lUM / isase battIsa hI zubha lakSaNoM vAlA eka putra ho jaayegaa| vaha sabhI goliyA~ eka sAtha hI khA gii| kucha hI dinoM bAda sulasA ke udara meM bhayaMkara vedanA Arambha ho gii| vaha tilamilA utthii| apane kaSTa ko dUra karane kA use koI bhI upAya nahIM sUjhA / usane usI deva kA smaraNa kiyaa| deva upasthita huA to sulasA ne apanI vyathA kaha sunaaii| deva ne kahA --"tU ne bhayaMkara bhUla kI hai / isase eka garbha ke sthAna para eka sAtha battIsa hI garbha raha gaye haiN| aba tere battIsa hI santAna eka sAtha paidA hoMgI aura yadi unameM se eka kI bhI mRtyu ho gaI to sabakI hI mRtyu sambhAvita hai|" sulasA ne kahA---'"Akhira hotA to vahI hai, jo bhavitavyatA hotI hai / Apake nimitta se yadi kucha bana bhI gayA, to Akhira usakA pariNAma to vahI aayaa|" deva ne anukampAvaza apanI viziSTa zakti se usakA kucha kaSTa zAnta kara diyaa| samaya para sulasA ne battIsa putroM ko janma diyA / battIsoM kI samAna AkRti thI aura samAna hI vyavahAra thaa| unakI sukumAratA, bhavyatA va caMcalatA se pratyeka vyakti unakI ora AkRSTa ho jAtA thaa| nAga rathika kA sUnA ghara eka sAtha khila uThA / jaba vaha apane baccoM kI ora palaka mAratA, usakA dila hiloreM lene lagatA / battIsoM hI kumAra bar3e hue| yauvana meM unakA kulIna kanyAoM ke sAtha vivAha kara diyA gyaa| ve sAtha hI rahate va sAtha hI saba kArya krte| rAjA zreNika ke aMga-rakSaka ke rUpa meM una sabakI niyukti ho gii| ve yuddha-kalA meM pUrNataH dakSa the| rAjA zreNika jaba celaNA ko lekara bhUmigata mArga se rAjagRha kI ora daur3A aura ceTaka ne usakA pIchA kiyA, to battIsa hI aMga-rakSakoM ne ceTaka kA mArga rokA zreNika vahA~ se apane mahaloM meM sakuzala pahu~ca gyaa| donoM hI daloM meM ghamAsAna yuddha huA aura usake pariNAma svarUpa zreNika kA eka aMga-rakSaka mArA gyaa| eka kI mRtyu ke sAtha hI ikatIsa ____ 2010_05

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242 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 yoddhA aura gira par3e aura isa taraha zreNika ke sAre aMga-rakSaka, sulasA ke saba putra vahA~ kAma A gaye / battIsa hI putroM kI eka sAtha mRtyu se sulasA ko bahuta AghAta lagA / vaha dRr3ha dhArmika thI, para, apane putroM ke anurAga se vihala ho uThI / pradhAnamantrI abhayakumAra use DhAr3hasa baMdhAne ke lie AyA / usane bhI usako bahuta sAntvanA dii| sulasA ne apane viveka ko jAgRta kiyA aura dharma dhyAna meM lIna ho gaI / mahAvIra dvArA prazaMsA bhagavAn mahAvIra grAmAnugrAma viharaNa karate hue eka bAra campA nagarI meM Aye / nagara ke bAhara samavasaraNa kI racanA huI / pariSad dharmopadeza sunane ke lie AI / rAjagRha kA ambar3a zrAvaka bhI bhagavAn kI dezanA sunane va darzana karane ke lie AyA / vaha apanI vidyA ke AdhAra para nAnA rUpa badala sakatA thA / dezanA ke anta meM usane bhagavAn se nivedana ---- kiyA "bhante ! Apake upadeza se merA janma saphala ho gayA / Aja maiM rAjagRha jA rahA hU~ / " bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA- "rAjagRha meM eka sulasA zrAvikA hai| vaha apane zrAvakadharma meM bahuta dRr3ha hai / aise zrAvaka virala hI hote haiM / " anya upasthita vyaktiyoM va ambar3a zrAvaka ne socA - "sulasA sacamuca hI bar3I puNyazAlinI hai, jisako svayaM bhagavAn ne isa prakAra batAyA hai / " ambar3a ke mana meM AyA, sulasA kA aisA kauna-sA vizeSa guNa hai, jisako lekara bhagavAn ne use dharma meM dRr3ha batAyA / mujhe usakI parIkSA to karanI caahie| vaha eka parivrAjaka ke rUpa meM sulasA ke ghara AyA / sulasA se usane kahA--"AyuSmatI ! tuma mujhe bhojana do| isase tujhe dharma hogA / " sulasA ne uttara diyA - "maiM jAnatI hU~, kise dene meM dharma hotA hai aura kise dene meM kevala vyavahAra-sAdhana / " ambar3a dvArA parIkSA ambar3a vahA~ se lauTa aayaa| usane tapasyA Arambha kara dI aura padmAsana lagA kara nirAlamba AkAza meM Thahara gayA / yaha eka adbhuta camatkAra thA / darzakoM kI apAra bhIr3a umar3a pdd'ii| nagara va Asa-pAsa ke sahasroM vyakti vahA~ Ane lage aura ambar3a kI mukta kaNTha se prazaMsA karane lage / sulasA ne bhI yaha saba ghaTanA sunI, para, use koI Azcarya nahIM huaa| vaha na vahA~ gaI aura na usane usake bAre meM kisI se eka zabda bhI kahA / loga ambar3a kI tapasyA se prabhAvita hue| sabhI ne apane-apane ghara bhojana karane ke lie use AmaMtrita kiyA, para, usane kisI kA bhI nimantraNa svIkAra nahIM kiyA / Akhira janatA usase pUchane lagI- "tapasvin ! Apake bhojana kA lAbha kisa saubhAgyazAlI ko prApta hogA ?" ambar3a ne kahA - "sulasA ko / " loga daur3e-daur3e sulasA ke ghara Aye aura use atyadhika badhAiyA~ dene lage / unhoMne use sUcita kiyA - " ambar3a jaise mahAtapasvI ne terI binA prArthanA ke bhI bhojana karane kI svIkRti pradAna kara dI hai| aba tuma calo aura unase prArthanA kro| tuma to nihAla ho jAogI / " sulasA ne eka hI vAkya meM una sabako uttara dete hue kahA--" Apa ise tapasyA samajhate haiM aura maiM ise DhoMga / " logoM ko sulasA kI bAta se Azcarya huA aura unhoMne ambar3a se bhI jAkara kahA / ambar3a ne yaha acchI taraha jAna liyA ki sulasA parama samyakadRSTi haiM aura vaha arihanta va 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pramukha upAsaka-upAsikAeM 243 nirgranthoM ke atirikta kisI ko bhI deva va guru nahIM maantii| use isa zraddhA se koI bhI zakti vicalita nahIM kara sakatI / ambar3a ne padmAsana samApta kara diyA aura eka nirgrantha ke veSa meM vaha sulasA ke ghara aayaa| ambar3a kevala AkRti se hI nirgrantha nahIM banA, apitu, usake pratyeka kriyA-kalApa meM usakI sajIva jhalaka thii| sulasA ne use dekhA, to namaskAra kiyA aura bhaktipUrvaka sammAna bhI / ambar3a ne apanA asalI rUpa banAyA aura bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA kI gaI usakI vrata-prazaMsA kI sArI ghaTanA sunaaii| vaha bhI usake mukta kaMTha se guNa-gAna karane lgaa|' samyaktva meM dRr3ha hone ke kAraNa sulasA ne tIrthaGkara nAma-gotrakarma kA upArjana kiyaa| AgAmI caubIsI meM vaha nirmama nAmaka pandrahavA~ tIrthaGkara hogii| gRhapati anAthapiNDika prathama samparka gRhapati anAthapiNDika sudatta zrAvastI ke sumana zreSThI kA putra thaa| vaha rAjagRhaka zreSThI kA bahanoI thaa| eka bAra kisI prayojana se vaha rAjagRha aayaa| usa samaya bhagavAn buddha bhI rAjagaha ke sIta-vana meM vihAra kara rahe the| anAthapiNDika ne vahA~ sunA, 'loka meM buddha utpanna ho gae haiN|' usake mana meM tathAgata ke darzanoM kI utkaNThA jAgRta huii| rAjagRhaka zreSThI ne saMgha-sahita buddha ko apane ghara dUsare dina ke lie nimaMtraNa diyA thA: ataH usane apane dAsa aura karma karoM ko ThIka samaya para khicar3I, bhAta aura sUpa banAne kA nirdezana diyaa| anAthapiNDika ne socA, mere Agamana se yaha gRhapati saba kAma chor3a mere hI Agata-svAgata meM lagA rahatA thA / Aja vikSiptacitta dAsa va karmakaroM ko bhojana taiyAra karane kA nirdezana de rahA hai; kyA yahA~ koI vivAha hogA, mahAyajJa hogA yA magadharAja zreNika bimbisAra saparikara kala ke bhojana ke lie AyeMge ? rAjagahaka zreSThI anAthapiNDika ke pAsa AyA aura use pratisammodana kara eka ora baiTha gyaa| anAthapiNDika ne rAjagRhaka zreSThI ke samakSa apanI jijJAsA prastuta kI / rAjagRhaka zreSThI ne kahA-"mere yahA~ kala na vivAha hogA, na koI yajJa hogA aura na magadharAja hI bhojana ke lie Amantrita kiye gaye haiM ; apitu saMgha-sahita bhagavAn buddha kala ke bhojana ke lie nimatrita kiye gaye haiN|" anAthapiNDika sunate hI bahuta vismita huaa| usane tIna bAra sAzcarya pUchA-'buddha ?' aura rAjagRhaka zreSThI ne uttara diyA-'hA~, buddha / ' anAthapiNDika ne kahA- "buddha zabda kA zravaNa bhI loka meM bahuta durlabha hai| kyA maiM Isa samaya una bhagavAn arhat samyak sambuddha ke darzanArtha jA sakatA hU~?" rAjagahaka zreSThI ne nakArAtmaka uttara dete hae kahA-"bhagavAna ke darzanoM kA yaha upayukta samaya nahIM hai|" anAthapiNDika ne jyoM-tyoM rAta bitaaii| vaha bIca hI meM tIna bAra uThA, kintu, rAtri kI nIravatA ko dekha, calane ko udyata na ho skaa| pratyUSa se bahuta pUrva hI utthaa| usa samaya bhI rAtri kI adhikatA thI; phira bhI vaha apanI utkaNThA ko roka na skaa| vaha claa| nagara ke zivadvAra para phuNcaa| dvAra banda thA, kintu, usake vahA~ pahu~cate hI devoM ne 1. Avazyaka cUNi, uttarArddha patra saM0 164; bharatezvara bAhubali, patra saM0 240-2, 255-1 upadeza prAsAda, stambha 3, vyAkhyAna 36 / 2. ThANAMga sUtra, ThA0 6, u0 3, sUtra 661, patra 455-2 / 2010_05

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244 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 use khola diyA / vaha nagara dvAra se bAhara aayaa| kucha hI dUra calA hogA, sahasA prakAza lupta gayA aura andhakAra chA gyaa| anAthapiNDika bhIta huA, stabdha huA aura romAMcita huA / usake bar3hate hue caraNa ruka gaye / zivaka yakSa ne antarikSa meM tirohita raha kara use prerita karate hue kahA - " gRhapati cala, zIghratA se cala / calanA hI tere lie zreyaskara hai, lauTanA nahIM / " sahasA andhakAra naSTa ho gayA / mArga prakAzita ho gayA / bhaya, stabdhatA va romAMca jAtA rahA / anAthapiNDika Age bddh'aa| phira andherA chA gayA, bhaya lagane lagA aura bar3hate hue .. caraNa ruka gaye / AvAja AI, usase sAhasa bar3hA aura anAthapiNDika cala pdd'aa| tIna bAra aise huA / anAthapiNDika Age bar3hatA gayA aura sIta-vana pahu~ca gayA / bhagavAn buddha pratyUSa kAla kI khulI havA meM usa samaya Tahala rahe the / bhagavAn ne anAthapiNDika ko dUra se hI Ate hue dekhA to caMkramaNa bhUmi se utara kara biche Asana para baiTha gaye aura gRhapati ko AhvAna kiyA - " A sudatta / " nAmagrAha AmantraNa se anAthapiNDika bahuta harSita huA / bhagavAn ke samIpa pahu~cA aura caraNoM meM gira kara namaskAra kiyaa| kuzala prazna ke sAtha usane pUchA"bhante ! bhagavAn ko nidrA to sukha se AI ?" buddha ne uttara diyA- "nirvANa prApta brAhmaNa sadA hI sukha se hotA hai / " sAtha hI unhoMne anAthapiNDika ko AnupUrvI kathA kahI / kAlimA-rahita zuddha vastra jaise raMga pakar3a letA hai, usI prakAra use bhI usI Asana para baiThe viraja, vimala dharma cakSu utpanna huA / dharma-tatva ko jAnakara, sandeha-rahita hokara aura zAstA ke zAsana meM svatantra hokara usane nivedana kiyA - "Azcarya bhante ! Azcarya bhante ! jaise ulaTe ko sIdhA kara de, AvRtta ko anAvRtta kara de, mArga vismRta ko mArga batA de, andhere meM tela kA dIpaka dikhA de, jisase sanetra dekha sakeM; usI prakAra bhagavAn ne aneka prakAra se dharma ko prakAzita kiyA hai| maiM bhagavAn kI zaraNa grahaNa karatA hU~, dharma va bhikSu saMgha kI bhI / Aja se mujhe aJjalibaddha zaraNAgata svIkAra kareM aura bhikSu saMgha sahita kala ke bhojana kA nimantraNa svIkAra kreN|" bhagavAn ne mauna svIkRti pradAna kI / anAthapiNDika abhivAdana kara ghara calA AyA / zrAvastI kA nimantraNa rAjagRhaka zreSThI ne anAthapiNDika dvArA bhagavAn ko nimaMtrita kiye jAne kI ghaTanA sunI, to vaha usake pAsa AyA aura usane kahA - "gRhapati ! tU atithi hai; ataH maiM tujhe dhana detA hU~, isase tU saMgha - sahita bhagavAn ke bhojana kI taiyArI kara / " rateffoss ne use asvIkAra karate hue kahA- "mere pAsa dhana hai; ataH AvazyakatA nahIM hai / " anAthapiNDika dvArA buddha ko bhojana ke lie nimaMtrita kie jAne kA udanta naigama' ne bhI sunA / usane bhI use dhana denA cAhA, para, usane anAvazyaka samajha kara asvIkAra kara diyA / revoska ne apane hI vyaya se rAjagRhaka zreSThI ke ghara para hI bhojana kI taiyArI karAI / samaya hone para bhagavAn buddha ko sUcanA dI gaI / bhagavAn pUrvAhna ke samaya suAcchAdita ho, pAtra - cIvara hAtha meM le, rAjagRhaka zreSThI ke ghara Aye / biche Asana para baiThe / carefulose ne apane hAthoM se bhojana parosA / jaba ve bhojana kara cuke to gRhapati anAtha 1. zreSThI yA nagara- seTha usa samaya kA eka avaitanika rAjakIya-pada thA / naigama bhI isI prakAra kA eka pada thA; jo sambhavata: nagara-seTha se uccatara ginA jAtA thA / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA pramukha upAsaka-upAsikAeM 245 piNDika unake samIpa baiThA aura nivedana kiyA -"bhante ! bhikSu-saMgha ke sAtha zrAvastI meM varSAvAsa svIkAra kreN|" buddha ne kahA-"gRhapati ! tathAgata zUnya AgAra meM hI abhiramaNa karate haiN|" "bhante ! maiM samajha gayA; sugata ! maiM samajha gyaa|" gRhapati anAthapiNDika ke rAjagRha meM bahuta se mitra the| vahAM vaha apanA kAma samApta kara zrAvastI kI ora claa| mArgavartI grAmoM meM sarvatra usane nirdeza diyA--"Aryo ! pratyeka yojana para ArAma bnaao| vihAra pratiSThita karo / loka meM aba buddha utpanna ho gaye haiN| maiMne zrAvastI ke lie unheM nimaMtrita kiyA hai| ve isI mArga se aayeNge|" jo mArgavartI dhanika the, unhoMne apane vyaya se ArAma banAyA aura jo itane artha-sampanna nahIM the, unheM anAthapiNDika ne dhana diyaa| anAthapiNDika kI preraNA se mArgavartI sabhI grAmavAsiyoM ne bahata zIghra hI ArAma banAye aura vihAra pratiSThita kiye| jetavana nirmANa aura dAna ___ anAthapiNDika ne zrAvastI pahu~ca kara ArAma ke upayukta sthAna kA cAroM ora paryavekSaNa kiyaa| usane socA, sthAna aisA honA cAhie, jo zahara se na adhika dUra ho, na adhika samIpa / icchuka vyaktiyoM ko vahA~ pahu~cane meM koI bAdhA bhI nahIM honI caahie| dina ko vahA~ bhIr3a kama ho / rAta ko alpa nirghoSa, vijana-vAta aura ekAnta ho, jo dhyAna ke yogya ho sake / usane jeta rAjakumAra kA udyAna dekhaa| vaha use saba taraha se upayukta jaMcA / vaha jeta rAjakumAra ke pAsa AyA aura usase kahA-'Aryaputra ! orAma banAne ke lie Apa apanA udyAna mujhe deN|" rAjakumAra ne kahA-"gRhapati ! koTi-saMthAra se bhI vaha udyAna adeya hai|" anAthapiNDika ne tatkAla kahA-"Aryaputra ! maiMne udyAna le livaa|" rAjakumAra ne usakA prativAda kiyA- "gRhapati ! tU ne vaha nahIM liyaa|" liyA yA nahIM, unhoMne vyavahAra-amAtyoM (nyAyAdhyakSoM) se pUchA, to unhoMne kahA"Aryaputra ! kyoMki tU ne mola kiyA ; ataH vaha liyA gyaa|" anAthapiNDika ne usI samaya gAr3iyAM bhara kara hiraNya (mohareM) ma~gAyA aura jetavana meM eka dUsare se saTA kara bichaayaa| isa prakAra aThAraha karor3a kA eka cahavaccA (choTA talagRha) khAlI ho gyaa|" dvAra ke koThe ke samIpa thor3A sthAna rikta raha gayA / anAthapiNDika ne apane naukaroM ko hiraNya lAne aura usa rikta sthAna ko bharane kA nirdeza diyaa| jeta rAjakumAra ke mana meM sahasA vicAra utpanna huA---"yaha gRhapati yadi itanA hiraNya vyaya kara rahA hai, to yaha kArya bhI vizeSa mahatvapUrNa hai / kyoM na maiM bhI isameM sammilita houuN|" rAjakumAra ne tatkAla anAthapiNDika se kahA--"gRhapati ! isa rikta sthAna ko tU na bhr| isake lie tU mujhe avakAza de| yaha merA dAna hogaa|" anAthapiNDika ne socA-"jeta rAjakumAra gaNamAnya puruSa hai / isa dharma vinaya meM aise puruSa kA anurAga honA lAbhadAyaka hai|" usane vaha sthAna rAjakumAra ko de diyaa| rAjakumAra ne vahA~ eka bar3A kamarA bnvaayaa| anAthapiNDika ne jetavana meM vihAra bnvaaye| unake sAtha hI pariveNa, koThariyA~, upasthAnazAlAyeM, agni-zAlAyeM, kalpika kuTiyAM, zaucasthAna, mUtrAlaya, caMkramaNa-vedikA, caMkramaNa 1. vinaya piTaka-aTakathA / 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 zAlAyeM, prapA, prapAgRha, snAnAgAra, puSkariNI va maNDapa Adi bhI banavAye / " isa prakAra ATha karIsa bhUmi meM vihAra Adi ke nirmANa meM ATha karor3a rupaye vyaya hue| bhagavAn buddha vaizAlI Adi meM kramaza: cArikA karate hue zrAvastI Aye / anAthapiNDika ke jetavana meM tthhre| sUcanA pAkara anAthapiNDika harSitacisa AyA / bhagavAn ko abhivAdana kara eka ora baiTha gayA aura usane bhikSu saMgha - sahita dUsare dina ke bhojana kA nimantraNa diyA / bhagavAn ne mauna raha kara use svIkAra kiyaa| dUsare dina anAthapiNDika ne pratyUSa kAla se hI bhojana kI taiyArI Arambha kii| samaya para saMgha sahita buddha aaye| unheM apane hAthoM bhojana parosA aura saMtarpita kiyA / bhojana se nivRtta hokara bhagavAn jaba eka ora baiThe, to anAthafufuse ne vinamra nivedana kiyA- " bhante ! jetavana ke lie maiM aba kyA karU~ ?" bhagavAn buddha ne uttara diyA - "tU ise Agata-anAgata cAturdiza saMgha ke liai pradAna 246 kara de / " anAthapiNDika ne buddha ke usa nirdeza ko zirodhArya kiyA aura usI samaya usane use Agata-anAgata cAturdiza saMgha ko samarpita kara diyA / bhagavAn buddha ne anAthapiNDika ke usa dAna kA anumodana kiyA aura Asana se uTha kara cale gaye / bhagavAn buddha kA zrAvastI meM usake bAda punaH punaH Agamana hotA rahA aura ve adhikAMzatayA anAthapiNDika ke usI jetavana ke vihAra meM Thaharate rhe| yahIM se unhoMne bhikSu saMgha ke lie bahuta sAre naye niyamoM kI saMghaTanA kI / mRtyu zayyA para jIvana ke antima samaya meM anAthapiNDika rugNa huA / buddha se kahalAyA - " maiM rugNa hU~ / se yahIM merA vandana svIkAra ho / " sAriputra se kahalAyA - "kRpayA, Apa mere ghara para Akara darzana deM / " sAriputra Ananda ko sAtha lekara anAthapiNDika ke ghara gaye / vaha aneka vyAdhiyoM se pIr3itathA / sAriputra ne use indriya-saMyama aura anAzakti kA upadeza diyA / anAthapiNDika harSAtireka meM ro par3A / bolA- "bhagavan ! maiMne zAstA ke samIpa jIvana bhara dharma-kathAe~ sunIM / para, Aja kI yaha dharma-kathA prathama hI hai / " sAriputra lauTe / anAthapiNDika kAla-dharma ko kara tuSita-kAya ( devaloka ) meM utpanna huA / vahA~ se anAthapiNDika devaputra ne jetavana meM Akara zAstA ke darzana kiye aura unakA abhivAdana kiyA / * anAthapiNDika ke antima samaya meM sAriputra kA usake ghara pahu~canA lagabhaga vaisA hI hai, jaisA gautama gaNadhara kA Ananda zrAvaka ke ghara pahu~canA / vizAkhA mRgAra mAtA vizAkhA kA janma aMga dezAntargata bhaddiyA nagara meM huA / gRhapati meNDaka usake dAdA, dhanaMjaya usake pitA va sumanA devI usakI mAtA thI / gRhapati meNDaka kI gaNanA jotiya, jaTila, puNNaka aura kAkabaliya ke sAtha amita bhoga-sampanna pA~ca mahAnubhAvoM meM kI jAtI ye pA~coM hI magadharAja seniya bimbisAra ke rAjya meM the / pA~coM meM pratyeka ke yahA~ divya bala-sampanna pA~ca-pA~ca vyakti the / gRhapati meNDaka ke yahAM vaha svayaM, usakI patnI candrapadmA, 1. vinaya piTaka, cullavagga, 6-3-1 ke AdhAra para / 2. vinaya piTaka aTThakathA | 3. vinaya piTaka, cullavagga, 6-3-6 ke AdhAra para / 4. majjhimanikAya, anAthapiNDikovAda sutta, 3-5-1 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] pramukha upAsaka upAsikAeM usakA jyeSThaputra dhanaMjaya, dhanaMjaya kI patnI sumanAdevI va usakA dAsa pUraNa; ye pA~ca mahApuNyAtmA the| divya bala gRhapati meNDaka snAna se nivRtta hokara, dhAnyAgAra ko saMmArjita karavA kara, jaba unake dvAra para baiThatA thA to AkAza se anAja kI dhArA gira kara dhAnyAgAra ko bhara detI thI / candrapadmA kA divya bala thA ki eka Ar3haka cAvala va sUpa se vaha apane samasta dAsadAsiyoM ko bhojana parosa sakatI thI tathA jaba vaha vahA~ se nahIM uThatI, vaha sAmagrI samApta nahIM hotI / dhanaMjaya kA divya bala thA, eka hajAra mudrAe~ thailI meM bhara kara vaha apane yahA~ kAma karane vAle dAsa, karmakara va sabhI puruSoM ko chaH mAsa kA vetana cukA detA thA aura vaha thailI jaba taka usake hAtha meM rahatI thI, khAlI nahIM hotI thI / sumanAdevI kA divya bala thA, eka baTaloI meM cAra droNa pramANa anAja bhara kara dAsa, karmakara va sabhI puruSoM ko cha: mAsa taka kA bhojana de detI thI aura jaba taka vaha vahA~ se nahIM uThatI, baTaloI khAlI bhI nahIM hotI thI / dAsa pUraNa kA divya bala thA ki jaba vaha hala jotatA to eka hI sAtha sAta sItAeM nikalatI thIM / magadharAja seniya bimbisAra ne gRhapati meNDaka ke divya bala ke bAre meM jaba sunA, to apane eka sarvArthaka mahAmAtya ko usakI pUrI chAna-bIna ke lie bhejA / vaha senA ke sAtha gRhapati meNDaka ke ghara AyA, sabake divya bala ko prayogAtmaka vidhi se dekhA aura puna: lauTa kara usane vRtta bimbisAra ko nivedita kiyA / 247 buddha eka bAra bhaddiyA Aye | gRhapati meNDaka ne sUcanA pAkara vizAkhA ko buddha kA svAgata karane kA nirdeza diyA / apane parivAra kI pA~ca sau kanyAoM tathA pA~ca sau dAsiyoM ke sAtha pA~ca sau rathoM para ArUr3ha hokara vizAkhA calI / jahA~ taka ratha jA sakate the, vahA~ taka ratha se aura usake bAda paidala hI zAstA ke pAsa pahu~cI / vandanA kI aura eka ora khar3I ho gaI / bhagavAn ne use dezanA dI / dezanA ke aMta meM pA~ca sau kanyAoM ke sAtha vaha srotApatti - phala meM pratiSThita huI / meNDaka zreSThI bhI buddha ke pAsa AyA, dezanA sunI aura vaha bhI srotApatti- phala meM pratiSThita huA / gRhapati meNDaka ne agale dina ke lie bhikSu saMgha ke sAtha gautama buddha ko nimaMtrita kiyA / uttama khAdya-bhojya se usane buddha va saMdha ko saMtarpita kiyA / isI prakAra ATha mAsa taka gRhapati meNDaka ne mahAdAna kiyA / zAstA bhaddiyA meM yatheccha vicaraNa kara anyatra cale gaye / mahApuNya puruSa kA preSaNa rAjA bimbisAra aura rAjA prasenajit kozala eka-dUsare ke bahanoI the / rAjA prasenajit kozala ne eka bAra socA, rAjA bimbisAra ke rAjya meM pA~ca amita bhoga-sampanna mahApuNya vyakti nivAsa karate haiM / mere rAjya meM eka bhI nahIM hai / kyoM na bimbisAra se yAcanA kara eka mahApuNya puruSa ko maiM apane rAjya meM le AU~ / prasenajit kozala rAjagRha AyA / bimbisAra ne usakA svAgata kiyA aura Ane kA kAraNa puuchaa| prasenajit kozala ne apanI bhAvanA vyakta kI / bimbisAra ne kahA- "hama mahAkuloM ko haTA nahIM sakate / " 1. dhammapada - aTThakathA, 4-8 ke AdhAra para | 2. vinaya piTaka, mahAvagga, 6-6-1 va 2 ke AdhAra para / 2010_05

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248 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana prasenajit kozala ne dRr3ha svara meM kahA---'"binA pAye maiM bhI nahIM jaauuNgaa|" rAjA ne amAtyoM se parAmarza kiyA aura nizcaya kiyA --"jotiya Adi mahAkuloM ko kahIM anyatra preSita karanA pRthvI-prakampa ke sadRza hai; ataH yaha to ucita nahIM hai / meNDaka mahAzreSThI kA putra dhanaMjaya yadi jA sake to samAdhAna ho sakatA hai|" bimbisAra ne dhanaMjaya ko bulAyA aura kahA -"kozala-rAjA eka zreSThI ko apane rAjya kA mukhya aMga banAnA cAhate haiM / kyA tuma usake sAtha jAoge ?' dhanaMjaya ne vinamratA se uttara diyA- "yadi Apa anujJA kareMge to avazya jAU~gA" bimbisAra ne prasannatApUrvaka nirdeza diyA--"to tuma apanA prabandha kro|" dhanaMjaya ne apanI sArI vyavasthAeM kIM aura rAjA bimbisAra ke pAsa upasthita huaa| bimbisAra ne usakA bahuta sammAna kiyA aura rAjA prasenajit kozala ko prasannatApUrvaka upahAra ke rUpa meM use samarpita kiyaa| kozala-rAjA ne use saharSa svIkAra kiyA aura zrAvastI kI ora prayANa kiyaa| mArga meM eka rAta Thahara kara ve donoM zrAvastI ke lagabhaga nikaTa pahu~ca gaye / zrAvastI vahAM se kevala sAta yojana dUra thii| sandhyA kA samaya ho gayA thA; ataH vahIM DerA DAlA gyaa| dhanaMjaya ne rAjA se pUchA- "yaha rAjya kisakA hai ?'' "zreSThin ! merA hI hai|" "yahA~ se zrAvastI kitanI dUra hai?' "sAta yojana / " "nagara meM jana-saMkulatA adhika hotI hai| hamArA parijana-parikara adhika hai; ataH yadi anujJA ho to hama yahIM basa jaayeN|" prasenajit kozala ne anujJA de dii| vahIM nagara basA diyA gyaa| rAjA ne vaha nagara aura anya caudaha grAma dhanaMjaya ko pradAna kara diye| vahA~ sAyaM vAsa kiyA gayA thA; ataH usa nagara kA sAketa nAmakaraNa huA / ' vizAkhA kA cayana ___ zrAvastI meM mRgAra zreSThI rahatA thaa| usake putra kA nAma pUrNavarddhana thA / jaba vaha yauvana meM AyA, usake vivAha kI taiyAriyAM hone lgii| mRgAra zreSThI ne apane kuzala puruSoM ko yogya kanyA kI khoja meM bhejaa| zrAvastI meM kumAra ke upayukta kanyA nahIM milI / ve sAketa Aye / vizAkhA usa samaya pA~ca sau kumAriyoM ke sAtha eka mahAvApI para utsava meM lIna ho rahI thii| ve puruSa sAketa kI galI-galI meM ghUme, para, vahA~ bhI unheM koI upayukta kanyA dRSTigata nahIM huii| ve nagara se bAhara Aye aura nagara-dvAra para khar3e bhAvI yojanAoM para vimarSaNa kara rahe the| sahasA varSA Arambha ho gaI / vizAkhA ke sAtha AI huI pA~ca sau kanyAe~ bhIgane ke bhaya se zIghratA se daur3a kara samIpavartI eka zAlA meM ghusa giiN| una puruSoM ne unheM bhI eka-eka kara dekhA, para, unheM koI kanyA upayukta nahIM lgii| vizAkhA manda gati se calatI huI una saba se pIche AI aura zAlA meM praviSTa huI / una puruSoM ne use dekhaa| usakI bhavyatA aura zAlInatA se ve AkRSTa hue| unhoMne yaha bhI socA, anya kanyAeM bhI itanI rUpavatI ho sakatI haiN| kisI-kisI kA rUpa pake nAriyala kI taraha hotA hai; ata: dekhanA cAhie, vaha kitanI madhura-bhASiNI hai| ve vizAkhA ke pAsa Aye aura usase kahA--- "amma ! kyA tuma vRddhA ho?" 1. dhammapada-aTThakathA, 4-8 ke AdhAra pr| 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pramukha upAsaka-upAsikAeM 246 vizAkhA ne vinamratA se kahA-"aisA Apane kyA dekhA?" puruSoM ne kahA---"tumhAre sAtha krIr3A karane vAlI dUsarI kumAriyA~ bhIgane ke bhaya se zIghratA se cala kara zAlA meM daur3a AI aura tuma vRddhA kI taraha manda-manda calatI rahIM, tumane sAr3I ke bhIgane kI bhI paravAha nahIM kii| yadi hAthI yA ghor3A bhI tumhArA pIchA kare to bhI kyA tuma aisA hI karogI?" vizAkhA kI vANI meM komalatA thii| usane zAlInatA se kahA-.-"tAto ! mere lie sAr3iyAM durlabha nahIM haiM / taruNa strI bikAU bartana kI taraha hotI hai / hAtha-paira TUTa jAne se vaha vikalAMga ho jAtI hai / loga usase ghRNA karane laga jAte haiM aura use koI grahaNa nahIM karate, merI manda gati kA yahI kAraNa hai|" Agantuka logoM ko gaharA santoSa huA / unheM dRr3ha vizvAsa huA, yaha jaisI rUpa meM hai. vaisI hI AlApa meM madhara hai| saba kacha vicAraparvaka hI kahatI hai| unhoMne mAlA ko guMDera kara usake Upara se pheNkaa| vizAkhA ko anubhava huA, maiM pahale aparigRhItA thI aura aba palihotA ho gaI huuN| vaha saMkocavaza bhUmi para vahIM baiTha gii| use kanAta se ghera diyA gyaa| vaha dAsiyoM se parivata apane ghara lauTa aaii| mRgAra zreSThI ke ve puruSa dhanaMjaya zreSThI ke ghara Aye / paraspara paricaya kA AdAnapradAna huA / dhanaMjaya zreSThI ne Agamana kA kAraNa puuchaa| unhoMne apanA uddezya prastuta karate hue kahA--- "hamAre seTha ke pUrNavarddhana kumAra hai / vaha svAsthya saundarya aura guNa meM zreSTha hai| ApakI kanyA aura hamAre kumAra yadi praNaya-sUtra meM Abaddha ho jAyeM, to yaha donoM ke lie hI saubhAgya vardhaka hogaa|" dhanaMjaya ne kahA--"tumhAre zreSThI sampadA meM hama se nyUna haiM, kintu, jAti meM samAna haiN| saba taraha se samAna milanA to kaThina hai / jAo, zreSThI ko hamArI svIkRti kI sUcanA de do|" mRgAra zreSThI ke anucara zIghratA se lauTa Aye / unhoMne ullAsa-vardhaka vaha saMvAda zreSThI ko sunAte hue kahA--- "sAketa meM dhanaMjaya zreSThI kI kanyA vizAkhA apane kumAra ke anurUpa hai|" magAra zreSThI ko isa saMvAda se atyanta prasannatA huii| mahAkula kI kanyA apane kumAra ke lie hai ; ataH usane dhanaMjaya ko usI samaya zAsana (patra) likhaa| usameM usane likhA-.-"hama isI samaya kanyA ko lene AyeMge. Apa apanA prabandha kreN|" prasannamanA dhanaMjaya ne pratizAsana bhejA---"hamAre lie yaha koI kaThina nahIM hai / Apa apanI vyavasthA kreN| . mRgAra zreSThI kozala-rAja ke pAsa aayaa| usane nivedana kiyA-"deva ! mere ghara eka maMgala prasaMga hai / dhanaMjaya zreSThI apanI kanyA vizAkhA pUrNavarddhana ko pradAna karegA ; ataH mujhe sAketa jAne kI AjJA pradAna kreN|" rAjA ne AjJA pradAna karate hue pUchA----"kyA mujhe bhI calanA hai ?" mRgAra zreSThI ne kahA "deva ! hamArA aisA saubhAgya ?" rAjA ne kahA ...."mahAkula-putra ko santuSTa karane ke abhiprAya se maiM bhI cluuNgaa|' vizAkhA kA vivAha kozala-rAja mRgAra zreSThI ke bRhat parivAra ke sAtha sAketa aayaa| dhanaMjaya ne donoM kA hArdika svAgata kiyaa| vAsa-sthAna, mAlA, gandha, vastra Adi kI pratyeka ke lie sundara vyavasthA kI gii| sabhI yaha anubhava karate the, dhanaMjaya zreSThI hamArA hI satkAra kara rahA hai| 2010_05

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250 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa :1 isa prakAra unheM vahA~ rahate hue kAphI samaya bIta gyaa| rAjA ne eka dina dhanaMjaya ko zAsana (patra) bheja kara sAvadhAna kiyA--"tuma hamArA cirakAla taka bharaNa-poSaNa nahIM kara sakate ; ataH kanyA kI vidAI kA samaya nizcita kro|" dhanaMjaya ne rAjA ko pratizAsana bhejA--- "varSA Rtu A gaI hai| cAra mAsa taka ApakA prasthAna nahIM ho sktaa| Apake parikara kA sArA dAyitva mere Upara hai| jo bhI Avazyaka ho, Adeza kareM / mere nivedana ke anantara hI Apa prasthAna kA nizcaya kreN|" sAketa meM pratidina mahotsava hone lage / tIna mAsa bIta gye| vizAkhA kA mahAlasA AbhUSaNa taba bhI taiyAra na ho skaa| prabandha-kartA zreSThI ke pAsa Aye aura unhoMne kahA"svAmin ! Apake ghara kisI vastu kI alpatA nahIM hai| bhojana pakAne ke lie IMdhana kI alpatA ho gii|" zreSThI ne tatkAla nirdeza diyA--"gajazAlA, azvazAlA aura gozAlA ke stambha ukhAr3a lo aura unheM Idhana ke rUpa meM kAma lo|" vaisA hI kiyA gayA, kintu. AdhA mahInA hI bItA hogA ki IMdhana kI phira alpatA ho gaI / zreSThI ko sthiti se puna: paricita kiyA gyaa| zreSThI ne nirdeza diyA--"isa samaya Ibana sulabhatA se nahIM mila sakatA ; ataH kapar3e ke godAma khola do| moTI-moTI sAr3iyoM kI battI banAo, tela meM bhigoo, unheM jalAo aura bhojana pkaao|" cAra mAsa kA samaya pUrA ho gayA / vizAkhA kA mahAlatA prasAdhana bhI bana kara taiyAra ho gyaa| dasa zikSAeM dhanaMjaya ne vizAkhA ko patigRha-preSita karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| kanyA ko apane pAsa bulAyA aura use patikula kA AcAra batAte hue dasa zikSAeM dI : 1. ghara kI Aga bAhara nahIM le jAnI caahie| 2. bAhara kI Aga ghara meM nahIM lAnI caahie| 3. dene vAloM ko hI denA caahie| 4. na dene vAloM ko nahIM denA caahie| 5. dene vAloM ko va na dene vAloM ko bhI denA caahie| 6. sukha se baiThanA caahie| .. 7. sukha se khAnA caahie| 8. sukha se leTanA caahie| ... 6. agni kI taraha paricaraNa karanA caahie| 10. ghara ke devatAoM ko namaskAra karanA cAhie / dhanaMjaya vizAkhA ko jaba ye zikSAeM de rahA thA ; mRgAra zreSThI ne bhI bAhara baiThe yaha saba kucha sunaa| daheja dhanaMjaya ne sabhI zreNiyoM ko ekatrita kiyA aura rAja-senA ke bIca ATha kauTumbikoM (paMcoM) ko dAyitva sauMpA .. "yadi pati-gRha meM merI kanyA kA koI aparAdha ho jAya, to Apa usakA zodhana krnaa|" dhanaMjaya ne vizAkhA ko nau karoDa ke ya mahAlatA prasAdhana (eka prakAra kA AbhUSaNa) se vibhUSita kiyA aura daheja meM pracura dhana-sAmagrI dii| vaha sAmI pacapana sau gAr3oM meM bharI gaI / pA~ca-pAMca sau gAr3oM meM dhana, svarNa, rajata aura tAmra ke AbhUSaNa, sikke va bartana the / pA~ca-pA~ca sau gAr3oM meM ghI, cAvala aura dhAna thA / pandraha ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pramukha upAsaka-upAsikAeM 251 sau gAr3oM meM khetI kA sAmAna thaa| pAMca sau uttama ratha the, jinameM pra.yeka meM tIna-tIna dAsiyA~ thiiN| pauna gAvuta lambe aura ATha yaSTi caur3e samatala maidAna meM jitane dudhArU pazu samA sakate the, utane pazu bhI daheja meM diye gye| jaba ve sabhI pazu zrAvastI kI ora prayANa karane lage, to dhanaMjaya ke sATha hajAra vRSabha aura sATha hajAra gaueM bhI apane-apane goSTha ko chor3a kara una pazuoM ke pIche-pIche ho gii| dhanaMjaya kI adhInatA meM caudaha grAma the| vizAkhA jaba sasurAla jAne lagI to sabhI grAmoM ke nAgarika atyanta khinna hue| dhanaMjaya ne ghoSaNA kI--"koI bhI nAgarika vizAkhA ke sAtha jAnA cAhe to jA sakatA hai / " vizAkhA bahuta lokapriya thii| sAre hI grAma khAlI ho gaye aura nAgarika vizAkhA ke sAtha jAne lage / zreSThI mRgAra ne socA, ina sahasroM logoM ko maiM bhojana kaise karavA skuuNgaa| usane una sabako prativisarjita kara diyaa| zvasurAlaya meM pitR-gRha se prasthAna kara bRhat parivAra ke sAtha vizAkhA zrAvastI ke nagara-dvAra para phuNcii| sahasA usake mana meM AyA, AvRtta yAna meM baiTha kara nagara-praveza karU~ yA anAvRtta yAna meM khar3e hokara / yadi AvRtta yAna se praveza karU~gI, to janatA mere mahAlatA-prasAdhana kI vizeSatA se paricita nahIM ho skegii| usane anAvRtta yAna se hI nagara-praveza kiyaa| zrAvastI ke nAgarikoM ne vizAkhA ke saundarya aura aizvarya ko jI-bhara kara dekhA aura bhUribhari prazaMsA kii| 'bArAta meM dhanaMjaya ne hamArA bahuta svAgata kiyA', isa vicAra se nAgarikoM ne vizAkhA ko bahuta sAre upahAra bheMTa kiye / vizAkhA ne unheM svIkAra kiyA aura ekadUsare kula meM unheM vitarita kara diyaa| jisa dina vizAkhA zvasurAlaya meM AI, usa rAta meM eka Ajanya ghor3I ko garbha-vedanA haI / vizAkhA apane mahala se clii| usake sAtha usakA dAsI-parivAra bhI hAtha meM mazAla liye hue thaa| vizAkhA ne ghor3I ko garma pAnI se nahalAyA, tela se mAliza karavAI aura prasava hone para vaha apane vAsa-sthAna lauTa aaii| nirgranthoM se ghRNA mRgAra zreSThI ne eka sAtAha taka vivAhotsava manAyA / vaha nirgranthoM kA anuyAyI thA ; ataH usane isa upalakSa para sAtaveM dina bahuta sAre nirgranthoM ko Amantrita kiyA, kintu, gautama buddha ko AmaMtrita nahIM kiyaa| nirgranthoM se usakA sArA ghara bhara gayA / zreSThI ne vizAkhA ko zAsana bhejA--"apane ghara arhat Aye haiM; ataH tuma Akara unheM vandanA kro|" vizAkhA srotApanna Arya zrAvikA thii| arhat kA nAma suna kara vaha bahuta hRSTa-tuSTa huI / vaha tatkAla taiyAra huI aura vandanA karane ke lie calI aaii| usane jaba nagna nirgranthoM ko dekhA, to vaha sahasA sihara utthii| usake muMha se kucha zabda nikala hI par3e---"kyA arhat aise hI hote haiM ? mere zvasura ne ina lajjA-hIna zramaNoM ke pAsa mujhe kyoM bulAyA ? dhik, dhim / " vaha usI kSaNa apane mahala meM lauTa aaii| nagna zramaNa vizAkhA ke usa vyavahAra se bahuta khinna hue| unhoMne mRgAra zreSThI ko kar3A ulahAnA dete hue kahA--"zreSThin ! kyA tujhe dUsarI kanyA nahIM milI ? zramaNa gautama kI isa mahAkulakSaNA zrAvikA ko apane ghara kyoM lAyA ? yaha to jalatI huI gADara hai| zIghra hI ise ghara se nikaalo|" ____ 2010_05

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252 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 magAra zreSThI asamaMjasa meM par3a gyaa| usane socA, vizAkhA mahAkula kI kanyA hai| inake kathana mAtra se ise nikAlA nahIM jA sakatA / na nikAlane para zramaNoM kA kopa bhI usase aparicita nahIM thaa| usane atyadhika vinamratA ke sAtha unase kSamA mAMgI aura unheM sasammAna vidA kiyA / svayaM bar3e Asana para baitthaa| sone kI kalachI se sone kI thAlI meM parosA gayA nirjala madhura kSIra bhojana karane lgaa| usI samaya eka sthavira bhikSu piNDacAra karatA huA zreSThI ke gaha-dvAra para aayaa| vizAkhA ne use dekhA / zvasura ko sUcita karanA use ucita nahIM lagA ; ataH vaha vahA~ se haTa kara eka ora isa prakAra khar3I ho gaI, jisase mRgAra zreSThI bhikSu ko acchI taraha se dekha sake / mUrkha zreSThI sthavira ko dekhatA huA bhI na dekhate hue kI taraha nIcA muMha kara pAyasa khAtA rhaa| vizAkhA ne jaba yaha sArA dRzya dekhA, to usase nahIM rahA gyaa| sthavira ko lakSya kara vaha bolI-"bhante ! Age jAyeM / merA zvasura bAsI khA rahA hai|" zreSThI kA roSa nirgranthoM ke prati vizAkhA dvArA hue asabhya vyavahAra se hI mRgAra zreSThI bahuta ruSTa thA aura jaba usane apane prati 'bAsI khA rahA hai', yaha sunA to usake kopa kA ThikAnA nahIM rhaa| usane bhojana se hAtha khIMca liyA aura apane anucaroM ko nirdeza diyA--"isa pAyasa ko le jAo aura ise (vizAkhA ko) bhI ghara se nikaalo| yaha mujhe aise maMgala ghara meM bhI azucibhojI banA rahI hai|" sabhI anucara vizAkhA ke adhikAra meM the aura usake prati unakI gaharI niSThA thii| use pakar3ane kI bAta to dUra rahI, usake prati asabhya zabda kA vyavahAra bhI koI nahIM kara sakatA thaa| vizAkhA zvasura ko sambodhita karatI huI bolI-"tAta ! maiM aise nahIM nikala sakatI / Apa mujhe kisI panihArina kI taraha nahIM lAye haiN| mAtA-pitA kI vartamAnatA meM kanyAoM ke sAtha aisA vyavahAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| mere pitA ne jisa dina mujhe apane ghara se vidA kiyA thA, ATha kauTumbikoM ko mere aparAdha ke zodhana kA dAyitva sauMpA thaa| unheM bulA kara pahale Apa mere doSa kA parizodhana kreN|" kauTumbikoM ke bIca zikSAoM kA spaSTIkaraNa mRgAra zreSThI ne AThoM kauTuMmbikoM ko bulAyA aura saroSa vaha sArI ghaTanA sunaaii| kauTumbikoM ne vizAkhA se sArI sthiti kI jAnakArI cAhI / vizAkhA ne kahA- "mere zvasura azuci-bhojI bananA cAhate hoMge / maiMne to inake sAtha aisA koI vyavahAra nahIM kiyaa| eka piNDapAtika (mAdhukarI vRtti vAle) sthavira bhikSu dvAra para khar3e the / zreSThI unakI ora dhyAna na dekara nirjala pAyasa khAye jA rahe the / isa dRzya ko lakSita kara maiMne bhikSu se kahA thA ... bhante ! Apa Age jAyeM / merA zvasura isa zarIra meM puNya nahIM krtaa| pUrva puNya ko hI khA rahA hai / ' Apa hI batAyeM, maiMne isameM kyA aziSTa vyavahAra kiyA ?" kauTumbikoM ne vizAkhA ko nirdoSa pramANita karate hue nirNaya diyA--"yaha doSa nahIM hai ; kyoMki hamArI putrI ApakI puNyazAlitA kA yauktika kAraNa batalAtI hai|" zreSThI ne anyamanaskatA ke sAtha usa prasaMga ko TAlate hue vizAkhA para Aropa mar3hA - "yaha kanyA jisa dina mere ghara AI thI; usa dina mere putra kA vicAra na kara apanI ruci ke sthAna para calI gii| kyA yaha isake anurUpa thA ?" spaSTIkaraNa ke abhiprAya se kauTumbikoM ne jaba vizAkhA kI ora dekhA to vaha bolI"maiM apanI ruci ke sthAna para nahIM gaI / isI ghara meM Ajanya ghor3I ke prasava-samaya kI ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pramukha upAsaka upAsikAeM ora dhyAna na dekara aise hI baiThe rahanA anucita thA ; ataH mazAloM sahita dAsiyoM ke parimaiM vahA~ gaI aura maiMne prasava upacAra karavAyA / " vAra kauTumbikoM ne nirNaya diyA - "Arya ! hamArI putrI ne tumhAre ghara dAsiyoM ke bhI na karane kA kAma kiyA hai; ataH isameM Apa kyA doSa dekhate haiM ?" mRgAra zreSThI ne AkrozapUrvaka kahA - " yaha cAhe guNa bhI ho, para, jaba yaha yahA~ A rahI thI, taba isake pitA ne ise zikSA dI thI, ghara kI Aga bAhara nahIM le jAnI cAhie / kyA donoM ora par3osiyoM ke ghara binA Aga ke raha sakate haiM ?" 253 kauTumbikoM ne vizAkhA kI ora dekhA to usane kahA- "mere pitA ne isa Aga ko lekara nahIM kahA, apitu isa abhiprAya se kahA thA, ghara meM sAsa Adi striyoM kI gupta bAteM dAsa-dAsiyoM ko nahIM kahanI caahie| ye bAteM dhIre-dhIre ugra kalaha kA rUpa le letI haiM / " mRgAra zreSThI kI bAteM jyoM-jyoM kaTatI gaIM, tyoM-tyoM vaha eka-eka kara anya bAteM bhI kahatA gayA / usane kahA - " cAhe yaha isakA doSa na bhI ho, para, isake pitA ne kahA thA, bAhara kI Aga ghara meM nahIM lAnI caahie| ghara meM Aga bujha jAne para bhI kyA bAhara se Aga lAye binA kAma cala sakatA hai ?" kaTukoM ke saMketa para vizAkhA ne hArda spaSTa karate hue kahA- - "mere pitA ne isa Aga ke bAre meM nahIM kahA thA, apitu unakA abhiprAya thA, karmakaroM kI galtiyA~ pArivArikoM ko nahIM kahanI cAhie, kyoMki usase karmakaroM ke prati avizvAsa kI bhAvanA bar3hatI hai|" mRgAra zreSThI ne kahA, vizAkhA ke pitA ne aura bhI to kahA thA, usakA hArda kyA thA ? maiM use bhI jAnanA cAhatA hU~ / vizAkhA ne uttara denA prArambha kiyA- 'dete haiM unheM hI denA cAhie', nahIM 'dene vAloM ko nahIM denA cAhie - yaha maMganI ko lakSita kara kahA gayA thA / 'dene vAloM ko aura na dene vAloM ko bhI denA cAhie'; yaha isa abhiprAya se kahA thA ki amIra va garIba apane jAti-mitroM ko; cAhe ve pratidAna na bhI kara sakeM, denA hI caahie| 'sukha se baiThanA cAhie' kA tAtparya thA, sAsa zvasura ko dekha kara uThane ke sthAna para nahIM baiThanA cAhie / 'sukha se khAnA cAhie' kA tAtparya thA, sAsa- zvasura va svAmI ke bhojana karane se pUrva bhojana nahIM karanA cAhie | sabane bhojana kiyA yA nahIM kiyA, yaha jAnakara hI svayaM ko bhojana karanA cAhie / 'sukha se leTanA cAhie' kA tAtparya thA, sAsa, zvasura va pati kI paricaryA kara, unake leTane ke bAda leTanA cAhie / 'agni kI taraha paricaraNa karanA cAhie' kA tAtparya thA, sAsa, zvasura va pati ko agni-puMja kI bhA~ti samajhanA cAhie / 'ghara ke devatAoM ko namaskAra karanA cAhie' kA tAtparya thA, ghara Aye pravrajitoM ko uttama khAdya-bhojya se santarpita kara hI bhojana karanA cAhie / TumbikoM ne tatkAla mRgAra zreSThI se prazna kiyA - " kyA Apako pravrajitoM ko dekha kara na denA hI ucita mAlUma detA hai ?" zreSThI kucha bhI uttara na de sakA / adhomukha hokara baiTha gyaa| 1 1. isI prakAra ke padArtha - kathAnaka jaina paramparA meM bhI aneka pracalita haiM / 'munivara ajahu~ savAra', 'putra ko cAra zikSAeM' Adi pracalita kathAnaka tulanAtmaka dRSTi se bahuta hI sarasa evaM mahatvapUrNa haiM / 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 stefani ne sAtvika gaurava kI eka anubhUti karate hue pUchA - "zreSThin ! hamArI putrI meM kyA aura bhI koI doSa hai ?" zreSThI ne nakArAtmaka uttara diyaa| kauTumbikoM ne nirdezana kI bhASA meM kahA - "phira niSkAraNa hI hamArI putrI ko Apa ghara se kyoM nikalavAte the ?" 254 vizAkhA kA svAbhimAna camaka utthaa| usane kauTumbikoM kI ora iMgita kara saroSa kahA - " zvasura ke kahane se merA jAnA ucita na thA / mere aparAdha-zodhana kA dAyitva pitAjI ne Apa para chor3A thaa| Apane mujhe doSa mukta kara diyA hai; ataH aba maiM jA rahI hU~ / " usane dAsa-dAsiyoM ko nirdeza diyA--" ratha taiyAra karo / " mRgAra zreSThI hataprabha sA kauTumbikoM kI ora dekhane lgaa| vaha na ugala sakA aura na nigala sakA / adhIra kI taraha usane vizAkhA se kahA- " maiMne yaha anajAna meM kaha DAlA / tuma mujhe kSamA kro| " mRgAra nirgrantha-saMgha se buddha-saMgha kI ora ' vizAkhA ne kSamA-pradAna karate hue apanI eka zarta prastuta kii| usane kahA- "maiM buddha-dharma meM atyanta anurakta kula kI kanyA huuN| maiM bhikSu saMgha kI sevA ke binA nahIM raha sakatI / yadi mujhe bhikSu saMgha kI sevA kA yatheccha avasara diyA jAye to maiM rahU~gI, anyathA isa ghara meM rahane ke lie kataI prastuta nahIM hU~ / " mRgAra zreSThI ne vizAkhA kI zarta svIkAra kI aura eka apavAda saMyojita kiyA - "buddha kA svAgata tujhe hI karanA hogaa| maiM usameM upasthita honA nahIM cAhatA / " vizAkhA ne dUsare hI dina buddha ko sasaMgha nimantrita kiyA / buddha jaba usake ghara Aye to sArA ghara bhikSuoM se bhara gayA / vizAkhA ne unakA hArdika svAgata kiyA / nagna zramaNoM (nirgranthoM) ne jaba yaha vRttAnta sunA, to ve bhI daur3e Aye aura unhoMne mRgAra zreSThI ke ghara ko cAroM ora se ghera liyaa| vizAkhA ne buddha prabhRti ko dakSiNodaka diyA aura zvasura ke pAsa zAsana bhejA - satkAra vidhi sampanna ho gaI hai, Apa Akara bhojana paroseM zreSThI nirgranthoM ke prabhAva meM thA, ataH nahIM AyA / bhojana samApta ho cukane para vizAkhA ne phira zAsana bhejA, zvasura buddha kA dharmopadeza suneM / aba na jAnA anucita hogA, yaha socakara mRgAra zreSThI apane kakSa se calA / nagna zramaNoM (nirgranthoM) ne Akara use rokA aura kahA-" zramaNa gautama kA dharmopadeza kanAta ke bAhara raha kara sunanA / ' mRgAra zreSThI ne vaisA hI kiyaa| vaha kanAta ke bAhara se upadeza sunane lagA / buddha ne use sambodhita karate hue kahA--"tU cAhe kanAta ke bAhara, divAla yA parvata kI Ar3a meM va cakravAla ke antima chora para bhI kyoM na baiTheM, maiM buddha hU~; ataH tujhe upadeza sunA sakatA hU~ / ". mRgAra - mAtA buddha ne upadeza prArambha kiyaa| sunahale, pake phaloM se ladI AmravRkSa kI zAkhA ko jhakajhorane para jaise phala girane lagate haiM, usI prakAra zra eSThI ke pApa vinaSTa hone lage aura upadeza samApta hote-hote vaha srotApatti-phala meM pratiSThita ho gayA / usane tatkAla kanAta ko haTAyA, Age bar3hA, pA~coM aMgoM ko bhUtala taka namAyA aura zAstA kI caraNa-dhUli lekara namaskAra kiyA / zAstA ke sAmane hI usane vizAkhA ko sambodhita karate hue kahA -- "amma ! Aja se tU merI mAtA hai / " zreSThI ne tatkAla use mAtA ke sthAna para pratiSThita 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pramukha upAsaka-upAsikAeM 255 karate hue usakA stana-pAna kiyaa| vizAkhA ke nAma ke sAtha usa dina se 'mRgAra-mAtA' zabda aura saMyukta ho gyaa| vizAkhA ke eka putra kA nAma bhI mRgAra rakhA gyaa|' magAra zreSThI kI ora se mAtR-pada-pradAna ke upalakSa meM vizAkhA magAra-mAtA kA abhinandana kiyA gyaa| usa samAroha meM buddha ko bhI sasaMgha Amantrita kiyA gayA / solaha ghar3e puSpasAra se use nahalAyA gayA aura mRgAra zreSThI kI ora se eka lAkha mUlya kA 'ghana matthaka prasAdhana' AbhUSaNa vizAkhA ko bheMTa kiyA gyaa| vizAkhA magAra-mAtA pratidina pA~casau bhikSuoM ko apane ghara para bhojana ke lie nimaMtrita karatI thii| buddha kA pratidina upadeza sunatI thI aura vihAra meM jAkara Agantuka, pratiSThAsu, rogI va zaikSa bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM kI AvazyakatAoM kI dekha-bhAla karatI thii| pUrvArAma-nirmANa utsava kA dina thaa| sabhI vyakti vizeSa sajjA ke sAtha taiyAra hokara dharma-zravaNa ke lie vihAra kI ora jA rahe the / vizAkhA ne bhI nimaMtrita sthAna para bhojana kiyA, mahAlatA prasAdhana se alaMkRta huI aura janatA ke sAtha vihAra meM AI / mahAlatA prasAdhana tathA anya AbhUSaNa usane utAra kara dAsI ko diye aura kahA-"zAstA ke pAsa se lauTate samaya maiM inheM phnuuNgii|" vizAkhA ne dharmopadeza sunA aura vandanA kara lauTa aaii| dAsI AbhUSaNoM ko vahIM bhUla gaI / pariSad ke cale jAne para kucha bhI yadi vahA~ chUTa jAtA to Ananda sthavira use saMbhAlate / mahAlatA prasAdhana ko unhoMne sambhAlA aura zAstA ko usakI sUcanA dii| sAstA ne use eka ora rakha dene kA parAmarza diyaa| Ananda ne use sIr3hI ke pAsa rakha diyaa| vizAkhA supriyA dAsI ke sAtha Agantuka, gamika va rogI Adi kI sAra-sambhAla ke lie vihAra meM ghUmatI rhii| dUsare dvAra se nikalakara vihAra se bAhara AI / dAsI se mahAlatA prasAdhanava anya AbhUSaNa maaNge| dAsI ko apanI galatI kA bhAna huaa| usane apanI svAminI se vastusthiti nivedita kI / vizAkhA ne kahA- "jA unheM aba le aa| kintu, dhyAna rakhanA, yadi sthavira Ananda ne uThAkara kahIM rakha diyA ho, to na laanaa| maiM use Arya hI ko pradAna karatI huuN|" dAsI vihAra meM AI / Ananda sthavira ne use dekhA / Agamana kA kAraNa puuchaa| supriyA ne apanA uddezya spaSTa kiyaa| Ananda sthavira ne kahA-"maiMne use uThAkara sIr3hI ke pAsa rakha diyA hai; tU use le jaa|" supriyA yaha kahatI huI lauTa AI ki Apake hAtha se chU jAne para ye AbhUSaNa merI AyikA ke pahanane ke ayogya ho gaye haiN| vizAkhA ne jaba yaha sArA udanta sunA to usane use AryoM ko hI samarpita kara diyaa| kintu, AryoM ko usakI surakSA meM duvidhA hogii| usase kalpya vastueM banavAU~gI; yaha socakara dAsI ke dvArA usane usa prasAdhana ko maMgavA liyaa| vizAkhA ne use nahIM pahanA / usane use becane kA saMkalpa kiyA / svarNakAroM ko bulAkara usakA mUlyapUchA gyaa| unhoMne nau karor3a usakA mUlya aura eka lAkha usakI banavAI btaaii| usane usa mUlya para AbhUSaNa beca dene ko kahA / kintu, itanI bar3I rAzi dekara use koI nahIM kharIda sakatA thA ; ata: usane use svayaM khriidaa| nau karor3a aura eka lAkha mudrAeM gAr3oM 1. dhammapada-aTThakathA, 4-8 ke AdhAra pr| 2. Dictionary of Pali Proper Names. Vol, II, P.902 3. jAtaka (hindI anuvAda), bhAga 4, pR0 144 / 4. dhammapada-aTThakathA, pR0 1-128 / 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 meM bharavA kara vaha vihAra meM aaii| zAstA ko namaskAra kara usane nivedana kiyA "bhante ! Ananda sthavira ke hAtha se merA AbhUSaNa chU gayA thA; ataH maiM ise nahIM pahana sakatI / maiMne ise AryoM ko samarpita kiyA hai| AryoM ke kalpya kI vastueM kharIdane ke abhiprAya se maiMne ise beca diyaa| itanI bar3I rAzi dekara anya koI nahIM kharIda sakatA thA; ataH maiMne hI ise kharIdA hai / bhikSuoM ke cAroM pratyayoM meM se maiM kise lAU~ ? 256 tathAgata ne pUrva-dvAra para vAsa sthAna banAne kA sujhAva diyaa| vizAkhA ne usa sujhAva koyAnvita kiyA | nau karor3a se usane bhUmi ko kharIdA aura pUrvArAma meM prAsAda nirmANa kA~ kAma Arambha ho gayA / zAstA kA prasthAna zAstA svabhAvataH hI vizAkhA ke ghara bhikSA grahaNa kara, nagara ke dakSiNa-dvAra se nirgamana kara, jetavana meM nivAsa karate the aura anAthapiNDika ke ghara bhikSA grahaNa kara, nagara ke pUrvadvAra se nirgamana kara, pUrvArAma meM vAsa karate the / jaba ve nagara ke uttara-dvAra kI ora abhimukha hote, janatA samajha letI zAstA cArikA ke lie prasthAna kara rahe haiN| vizAkhA ne eka dina zAstA ko uttara ke dvAra kI ora prayANa karate hue dekhaa| vaha zIghra hI zAstA ke samIpa AI aura vandanA kara vyagratA ke sAtha bolI- " bhante ! Apa cArikA ke lie jAnA cAhate haiM ?" "hA~, vizAkhe !" vizAkhA kA hRdaya mU~ha kI ora A gayA / usane rU~dhe hue gale se kahA - " bhante ! itanA dhana dekara maiM to Apake lie vihAra banavA rahI hU~ aura Apa gamana kara rahe haiM ? nahIM, aisA nahIM kareM, punaH lauTa caleM / " "yaha gamana lauTane kA nahIM hai / " "bhante ! to phira kRta-akRta ke jJAtA kisI eka bhikSu ko to Apa mere lie lauTA kara jaayeN|" "vizAkhe ! jisa bhikSu ko tU cAhe, usakA pAtra le le / " vizAkhA ne Ananda sthavira kA pAtra grahaNa karane kI tthaanii| dUsare hI kSaNa usake mana meM AyA, AyuSmAn mahAmauggallAna RddhimAn haiN| unake Rddhi-bala se vihAra-nirmANa kA kArya zIghra hI samApta ho sakegA / usane unakA pAtra grahaNa kara liyA / maudgalyAyana ne zAstA kI ora dekhA / zAstA ne nirdeza diyA - "moggallAna ! pA~caso bhikSuoM ke apane pUre parivAra ke sAtha lauTa jAo / " moggalAna lauTa aaye| unake Rddhi-bala se prAsAda- nirmANa kA kArya bahuta sugama ho gayA / vizAkhA ke karmakara paccAsa-sATha yojana se vRkSa yA pASANa lekara usI dina lauTa Ate the / gAr3iyoM para vRkSoM aura pASANoM ko lAdane meM unheM koI kaThinatA nahIM hotI thI aura na gAr3iyoM kA burA hI TUTatA thaa| do maMjila kA vizAla prAsAda banakara zIghra hI taiyAra ho gayA / pratyeka maMjila meM pA~ca-pA~casI choTe-bar3e kamare the / vihAra ke nirmANa meM nau karor3a kI rAzi vyaya huI / mAsa kI avadhi samApta hone para cArikA karate hue zAstA punaH zrAvastI Aye / vizAkhA ke prasAda nirmANa kA kArya taba taka samApta ho cukA thA / jetavana meM Thaharane ke abhiprAya se zAstA usa ora cle| vizAkhA ne jaba yaha sunA, to vaha zAstA ke pAsa AI aura unheM saMgha ke sAtha apane yahA~ hI cAturmAsika pravAsa ke lie anunaya kiyA; kyoMki vaha prAsAda kA utsava karanA cAhatI thI / buddha ne use svIkAra kiyA / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pramukha upAsaka-upAsikAeM 257 sakhI kA galIcA vizAkhA kI eka sakhI eka dina usake pAsa aaii| vaha apane sAtha eka sahasra mUlya kA galIcA bhI lAI thii| usane vizAkhA se kahA- "maiM yaha galIcA tere prAsAda meM kahIM bichAnA cAhatI huuN| tU mujhe sthAna btaa|" vizAkhA ne kahA- "yadi maiM tujhe kaha ki avakAza nahIM hai to tU samajhegI, maiM tujhe prAsAda meM sthAna denA nahIM cAhatI; ataH tU hI donoM maMjiloM ko gaura se dekha le aura jahA~ tujhe ucita sthAna mile, vahA~ apanA galIcA bichA de|" sakhI prAsAda meM cAroM ora ghUmI, para, use koI pharza khAlI nahIM milaa| vaha jahA~ gaI, use apane se adhika bahumUlya galIce biche mile / vaha duHkhita hokara ro pdd'ii| Ananda sthavira ne use dekhA / sthavira ne usase pUchA to usane apanA hRdaya khola diyaa| Ananda ne use sAntvanA dI aura sthAna batAte hue kahA --"sIr3hI aura paira dhone ke sthAna ke bIca ise pAdapoMchana banAkara bichA de| bhikSu paira dhokara isase poMchege aura phira kamare meM praveza kreNge| isase tujhe mahAphala hogaa|" vizAkhA kA usa sthAna kI ora dhyAna nahIM gayA thaa| prAsAda kA utsava vizAkhA ne cAra hI mahIne taka buddha-prabhRti bhikSu-saMgha ko vihAra meM hI bhikSA-dAna kiyA / usane antima dina saMgha ko cIvara-zATaka diye / saba se naye bhikSu ko diye gaye cIvara kA mUlya sahasra thaa| sabhI bhikSuoM ko pAtra bharakara bhaiSajya (ghI, gur3a Adi) diyA gyaa| dAna dene meM nau karor3a vyaya huaa| isa prakAra bhUmi kharIdane meM, vihAra nirmANa meM aura vihArautsava meM vizAkhA ne sattAIsa karor3a kI rAzi vyaya ko / eka mahilA aura mithyA-dRSTi ke ghara meM vAsa karate hue buddha-zAsana meM usane jo dAna kiyA, vaisA dUsare kA nahIM thaa|' bhikSaoM dvArA nagna hI snAna bhagavAn buddha vArANasI se kramazaH cArikA karate hue zrAvastI phuNce| anAthapiNDika ke jetavana meM tthhre| vizAkhA mRgAra-mAtA bhagavAn ko abhivAdana karane gii| dharma-kathA dvArA bhagavAn ne use samuttejita va sampraharSita kiyaa| vizAkhA ne bhagavAn ko bhikSu-saMgha ke sAtha agale dina ke bhojana kA nimaMtraNa diyaa| bhagavAn ne mauna rahakara usa nimaMtraNa ko svIkAra kiyaa| rAta bItane para cAturdIpika mahAmegha barasAne lagA / buddha ne bhikSuoM ko kahA"jetavana meM jaise yaha megha barasa rahA hai, vaise hI cAroM dvIpoM meM barasa rahA hai / yaha antima cAturdIpika mahAmegha hai; ata: isameM snAna kro|" bhikSuoM ne usa nirdeza ko svIkAra kiyA aura vastra utAra kara nagna hI snAna karane lge| vizAkhA ne dAsI ko bhojana-kAla kI sUcanA ke lie vihAra meM bhejA / dAsI ne nagna bhikSuoM ko snAna karate dekhA, to ulTe pairoM lauTa AI aura usane vizAkhA ko paristhiti se avagata kiyA--"vahA~ to zAkya bhikSu nahIM haiM, AjIvaka bhikSu haiM; ata: varSA meM nagna snAna kara rahe haiN|" vizAkhA catura thii| usane sthiti ko tatkAla bhA~pa liyaa| usane dAsI ko kAla kI sUcanA kA dUsarI bAra nirdeza diyaa| dAsI puna: ArAma meM aaii| bhikSu usa samaya snAna kara, zarIra ko zAnta kara, vastra pahana apaneapane vihAra meM cale gae the| dAsI ko ArAma meM koI bhikSu nahIM milA / vaha puna: lauTa aaii| vizAkhA ko sArI paristhiti se paricita kiyaa| vizAkhA ne socA, Arya loga snAna 1. dhammapada-aTThakathA, 4-4 ke AdhAra pr| 2010_05 |

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana se nivRtta hokara nizcita hI vihAra meM cale gaye hoMge; isIlie ise ArAma sUnA milA hai| usane dAsI ko puna: bhejA / 258 bhojana kA samaya ho jAne para bhagavAn ne bhikSuoM ko pAtra cIvara taiyAra karane kA nirdeza diyA / bhikSu zIghra hI taiyAra hue| koI balazAlI puruSa phailI huI bA~ha ko jaise sameTe aura sameTI huI bA~ha ko jaise phailAye aura usameM use kisI prayatna vizeSa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI, usI prakAra buddha binA prayAsa hI jetavana meM antardhAna hue va vizAkhA ke ghara prakaTa hue aura saMgha ke sAtha biche Asana para baiThe / vizAkhA ne sAzcaryaM kahA - " tathAgata kI mahaddhikatA stutya hai / sAre zahara meM ja~ghA taka va kahI-kahI kamara taka pAnI bharA hai aura eka bhikSu kA paira yA cIvara bhI nahIM bhIgA / " usane atIva harSita hokara buddha pramukha bhikSu saMgha ko uttama khAdya-bhojya parosA aura unheM saMtarpita kiyA / ATha vara buddha jaba bhojana se nivRtta ho gaye, to vaha eka ora baiTha gaI aura usane buddha se kahA"bhante ! maiM kucha vara mA~gatI hU~ / " " tathAgata vara se dUra ho cuke haiM / " " bhante ! ve kalpya aura nirdoSa haiM / " buddha se anumati pAkara vizAkhA ne vara mA~gate hue kahA 1. maiM yAvajjIvana saMgha ko varSA kI vArSika sATikA denA cAhatI hU~ 1 2. maiM yAvajjIvana navAgantukoM ko bhojana denA cAhatI hU~ / 3. maiM yAvajjIvana gamikoM (prasthAna karane vAle bhikSuoM) ko bhojana denA cAhatI hU~ / 4. maiM yAvajjIvana rogI ko bhojana denA cAhatI hU~ / 5. maiM yAvajjIvana rogI - paricAraka ko bhojana denA cAhatI hU~ / 6. maiM yAvajjIvana rogI ko auSadhi-dAna karanA cAhatI hU~ / 7. maiM yAvajjIvana saMgha ko pratidina prAtaH kAla yavAgU denA cAhatI hU~ / 8. maiM yAvajjIvana bhikSuNI saMgha ko udaka-sATikA' denA cAhatI hU~ / tathAgata ne vizAkhA se vara mA~gane kA kAraNa pUchA to usane eka-eka pahalU para vizada prakAza DAlA / usane bhikSuoM ke nagna hI snAna karane kI ghaTanA sunAI aura kahA 1. bhante ! nagnatA ghRNita, malina va burI hai; ata: maiM yAvajjIvana saMgha ko varSika sATikA denA cAhatI hU~ / 2. navAgantuka bhikSu, zrAvastI ke mArga nahIM jAnate / thake-mA~de hote haiM / ve mere yahA~ bhojana kara galI-kUcoM se paricita ho jAyeMge aura thakAvaTa dUra kara bhikSAcAra kareMge ; ata: maiM yAvajIvana saMgha ke navAgantuka bhikSu ko bhojana denA cAhatI hU~ / 3. prasthAna karane vAle bhikSuoM kA, bhojana kI eSaNA karate hue, samaya adhika laga jAtA hai; ata: ve apane kAravA~ se vilaga ho jAte haiM yA apane lakSita sthAna para ve vikAla (aparAhna) meM pahu~ceMge aura thake hue jAyeMge / mere yahA~ bhojana karane vAle gamika bhikSuoM 1. rajasvalA striyoM ke kAma meM lAyA jAne vAlA vastra | 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] pramukha upAsaka upAsikAeM kAna kAravA~ chUTegA aura na ve vikAla meM phuNceNge| ve mArga-zrama se klAnta bhI nahIM hoNge| isa uddezya se saMgha ke gamika bhikSuoM ko jIvanaparyanta bhojana denA cAhatI hU~ / 256 4. rogI bhikSuoM ko anukUla bhojana na milane para unake roga meM vRddhi hotI hai yA mRtyu ho jAtI hai / merA bhojana karane se na unakA roga bar3hegA aura na unakI mRtyu hogI / 5. rogI - paricAraka bhikSu apane bhojana kI gaveSaNA meM rogI ke pAsa vilamba se pahu~cegA yA usa dina vaha bhojana na kara sakegA / rogI paricAraka bhojana kara yadi rogI ke lie samaya se bhojana le AyegA, to vaha bhaktaccheda bhI nahIM kahalAyegA | 6. rogI bhikSuoM ko anukUla bhaiSajya na milane para unakA roga bar3hatA hai yA unakI mRtyu ho jAtI hai / mere bhaiSajya ko grahaNa karane para na unakA roga bar3hegA aura na unakI mRtyu hogI / 7. andhakaviMda meM bhagavAn ne daza guNoM ko dekha yavAgU kI anumati dI hai / una guNoM ko dekhakara hI saMgha ko maiM pratidina yavAgU denA cAhatI hU~ / 8. eka bAra bhikSuNiyAM aciravatI nadI meM vezyAoM ke sAtha eka hI ghATa para naMgI snAna kara rahIM thIM / vezyAoM ne bhikSuNiyoM kI tAnA kasA--'" "tuma saba yuvatiyoM ko brahmacarya - vAsa kA kyA prayojana? tumheM to isa avasthA meM bhogoM kA hI paribhoga karanA cAhie aura vArdhakya meM brahmacarya - vAsa / aisA karane se tumhAre donoM hI phalitArtha zubha hoNge|" bhikSuNiyA~ unheM koI uttara na de skii| striyoM kI nagnatA garhAspada va ghRNAspada hotI hai; ata: maiM jIvana paryanta bhikSuNI saMgha ko udaka-sATikA denA cAhatI hU~ / " vara se upalabdhi tathAgata ne pUchA - "vizAkhe ! tujhe ina varoM meM kisa vizeSa guNa kI upalabdhi dRSTigata ho rahI hai ?" vizAkhA ne kahA - "nAnA dizAoM meM varSAvAsa sampanna kara bhagavAn ke darzanArtha bhikSu - jana jaba zrAvastI AyeMge, bhagavAn se pUcheMge, "amuka bhikSu mara gayA hai / usakI gati kyA hai ? kyA paraloka hai ?" usa samaya bhagavAn srotApatti-phala, sakRdAgAmi-phala yA arhatva kA vyAkaraNa kareMge | maiM una bhikSuoM se pUchUMgI, ve mRta bhikSu zrAvastI Aye the yA nahIM ? yadi ve mujhe kaheMge ki vaha bhikSu zrAvastI meM AyA thA, to maiM nizcaya kara lUMgI, usa Arya ne mere yahA~ se varSika sATikA yA navAgantuka bhojana yA gamika bhojana yA rogI bhojana yA rogIparicAraka bhojana yA nairantarika yavAgU avazya hI grahaNa kiyA hogA / usakA smaraNa kara mere citta meM pramoda hogA, pramoda se prIti hogI, prIti se kAyA zAnta hogI, kAyA zAnta hone se maiM sukha kA anubhava karU~gI aura sukha kA anubhava hone para merA citta samAdhi ko prApta hogA / yaha sArI prakriyA hI merI indriya-bhAvanA, bala-bhAvanA aura bodhyaMga-bhAvanA hogI / isa varayAcanA meM mujhe isI vizeSa guNa kI upalabdhi dRSTigata ho rahI hai / tathAgata ne vizAkhA ke vicAroM kA anumodana kiyA, use sAdhuvAda diyA aura use AThoM hI varoM kI svIkRti dI / buddha Asana se uThakara cale eye| bihAra meM pahu~ca kara unhoMne 2010_05

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260 -Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana bhikSuoM ko AmaMtrita kiyA unheM AThoM hI kAryoM kI anumati dii| ___ eka dina vizAkhA mukha poMchane kA vastra le bhagavAn ke pAsa AI aura abhivAdana kara eka ora baiTha gaI / usane vaha vastra zAstA ko upahRta kiyA aura kahA--"Apa ise svIkAra kreN| yaha mere cira kAlika hita-sukha ke lie hogaa|" zAstA ne usa vastra ko liyA aura use dhArmika kathA dvArA samuttejita va sampraharSita kiyaa| vizAkhA jaba lauTa AI, to zAstA ne bhikSuoM ko AmaMtrita kiyA aura mukha poMchane ke vastra kI anumati dii| 1. vinaya piTaka, mahAvagga, 8-4-5 va 6 ke AdhAra pr| 2. vinaya piTaka, mahAvagga, 8-3-5 ke AdhAra para / ____ 2010_05

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virodhI ziSya mahAvIra aura buddha ke yogya pAripAzvikoM ne apane utsarga, apanI sevA, apane samarpaNa aura apanI samujjvala sAdhanA se jaise nayA itihAsa gar3hA hai, vaise hI kucha eka virodhI ziSyoM ne virodha aura saMgharSa kA jvalanta itihAsa bhI gar3hA hai| ve virodhI ziSya the-gozAlaka aura devadatta / gozAlaka kA sambandha mahAvIra se thA aura devadatta kA buddha se| donoM hI donoM ke dIkSita ziSya the| donoM hI ke pAsa labdhi-bala thA, para, anta meM donoM hI nisteja ho jAte haiM / gozAlaka ne apane ko jina kahA, mahAvIra ko ajina kahA / devadatta ne mahatI pariSad ke bIca buddha se kahA--"aba Apa vRddha ho cale haiM, jIrNa ho cale haiM. bhikSu-saMgha ko mujhe sauMpa deN| maiM usakA zAstA bnNgaa|" mahAvIra ne gozAlaka kI ajinatA vyakta kI aura baddha ne devadatta ko kharAra kahA / pariNAmataH donoM ne hI apane-apane guru ko mArane kA prayatna kiyaa| mahAvIra aura buddha donoM ke hI ziSya-parivAra meM gozAlaka aura devadatta kI harakatoM se cintA parivyApta huii| usa avasara para mahAvIra ne apanI dIrgha jIvitA kI ghoSaNA kara Ananda, sIha Adi ziSyoM ko sAntvanA dI aura batAyA-"jina nirupakramI aura abadhya hote haiN|" buddha ne bhI apane ziSyoM se kahA----"bhikSuo ! buddha nirupakramI hote haiM / ve apane maraNa-kAla meM hI marate haiN| koI unheM mArane meM kSama nahIM hotaa|" donoM ghaTanA-prasaMgoM meM ApAta saMyoga yaha bhI hai ki gozAlaka bhI mahAvIra ke Ananda bhikSu ko apanA sandezavAhaka banAte haiM aura devadatta bhI buddha ke Ananda bhikSu ko| yaha bhI bahuta samAna hai ki mahAvIra aura buddha donoM hI lagabhaga eka hI prakAra se vastusthiti kA prakAzana karate haiN| donoM hI virodhI ziSya kucha samaya ke lie bahuta prabhAvazAlI rahe / gozAlaka kA anuyAyI-samudAya bahuta bar3A thaa| devadatta ke pIche ajAtazatru kA balathA / vaha unake vyaktigata prabhAva meM thaa| ullekhanIya bAta yaha hai, jIvana ke antima kSaNoM meM donoM hI apane-apane zAstA ke prati zraddhAzIla hote haiM / donoM kI mRtyu bhI raktaja aura pittaja nimitta se hotI hai| devadatta marakara avIci naraka meM utpanna huA / eka lAkha kalpa vaha vahA~ raha kara aTissara nAmaka pratyeka buddha hogA va nirvANa prApta kregaa| gozAlaka marakara acyuta kalpa svarga meM utpanna hue| vahA~ se ve punaH-punaH narakAdi gatiyoM meM paribhramaNa kreNge| anta meM kaivalya prApta kara nirvANagAmI hoNge| mahAvIra aura buddha ke virodhI vAtAyana meM deza, kAla, vyakti aura paristhiti ke bheda se asamAnatA to svAbhAvika aura mUla-bhUta hai hii| una svAbhAvika asamAnatAoM meM itanI samAnatAoM kA honA avazya vilakSaNa hai / gozAlaka kA vivaraNa bhagavatI sUtra kA eka pramukha ____ 2010_05

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262 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa :1 prakaraNa hai, jo prastuta grantha ke gozAlaka adhyAya meM samuddhRta huA / devadatta kA mukhya vivaraNa vinaya piTaka ke cullavagga (saMghabhedaka khandhaka prakaraNa) meM hai, jo sArAMzataH yahA~ prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| donoM hI prakaraNa tatkAlIna vividha dhArmika mAnyatAoM, rAjanaitika va sAmAjika paristhitiyoM aura sAmpradAyika manobhAvoM ke pUre-pUre paricAyaka bhI haiM / ghaTanA-vRtta donoM hI prakaraNoM kA nitAnta vikaTa aura kaTuka hai| kula milAkara gaveSaka donoM hI prakaraNoM se bahuta kucha pA sakatA hai| devadatta ajAtazatru para prabhAva bhagavAn buddha anUpiyA meM cArikA karate hue kauzAmbI aaye| ghoSitArAma meM Thahare / bhikSa devadatta ekAnta meM baiThA thaa| usake mana meM vicAra utpanna huA-"maiM kisako prasAdita karU~. jisake prasanna hone para mujhe bar3A lAbha va satkAra prApta ho| sahasA use ajAtazatru va yAda aaii| usake viSaya meM usane socA-ajAtazatru kumAra taruNa hai| usakA bhaviSya utta hai| mujhe use hI prasAdita karanA caahie| aisA hone para mujhe bar3A lAbha va satkAra prApta hogaa|" devadatta zayanAsana saMbhAla kara aura pAtra-cIvara Adi lekara rAjagRha kI ora cala par3A / vahA~ pahu~ca kara usane apane rUpa kA antardhAna kiyaa| eka bAlaka bana, kaTi para tAgar3I, pahanI aura sIdhA ajAtazatru kI goda meM prAdurbhUta huaa| isa, anAlocita dRzya ko dekhakara ajAtazatru bhIta, zaMkita aura trasta huaa| devadatta ne bAlaka ke rUpa meM ajAtazatru se kahA''kumAra ! tU mujhase bhaya khAtA hai ?'' "hA~, bhaya khAtA huuN| tuma kauna ho ?" "maiM devadatta huuN|" "bhante ! yadi Apa Arya devadatta haiM, to apane svarUpa meM prakaTa hoN|" devadatta ne kumAra kA rUpa chor3A, saMghATI, pAtra-cIvara dhAraNa kiye aura ajAtazatra kumAra ke sAmane apane mUla rUpa meM prakaTa huaa| ajAtazatru devadatta ke isa divya camatkAra se bahuta prabhAvita huaa| vaha pratidina prAtaH aura sAyaM pA~ca sau rathoM ke sAtha devadasa ke upasthAna ke lie jAne lagA aura bhojana ke lie pratidina pA~ca sau sthAlI-pAka bhejane lgaa| ____ lAbha, satkAra aura zlAghA se abhibhUta devadatta ke mana meM abhilASA jAgRta huI-"maiM bhikSu-saMgha kA netRtva kruuN|" isa vicAra mAtra se hI usakA yoga-bala naSTa ho gyaa| bhagavAn buddha kauzAmbI se cArikA karate hue rAjagRha Aye / kalandaka nivApa ke veNuvana meM Thahare / bahuta sAre bhikSu buddha ke pAsa Aye / abhivAdana kara eka ora baiTha gye| unhoMne buddha se kumAra ajAtazatru dvArA vihita devadatta ke sammAna ke viSaya meM kahA / buddha ne uttara meM kahA-"bhikSuo ! devadatta ke lAbha, satkAra aura ilAdhA kI spRhA mata kro| jaba taka kumAra ajAtazatra devadatta ke upasthAna ke lie AyegA, taba taka devadatta kI kuzala dharmoM meM hAni hI hogI; vRddhi nahIM / yaha usake Atma-vadha aura parAbhava ke lie huA hai / kelA, bA~sa aura narakaTa kA phala tathA azvatarI kA garbha jaise unake Atma-vadha aura parAbhava ke ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] virodhI ziSya 263 hotA hai ; vaise hI devadatta ke lie yaha prasaMga huA hai|" deva dvArA sUcanA AyuSmAn mahAmaudna kA upasthAka kakudha nAmaka koliya-putra unhIM dinoM mRtyu prApta kara manomaya (deva) loka meM utpanna huaa| usakA zarIra magadha ke gA~va ke do-tIna khetoM ke barAbara bar3A thA / para, vaha zarIra na usake lie pIr3A-kAraka thA aura na dUsaroM ke lie| kakudha devaputra AyuSmAn moggallAna ke pAsa AyA / abhivAdana kara eka ora khar3A ho gayA aura unheM sUcita kiyA-"bhante ! Adattacita devadatta ke mana meM icchA utpanna huI hai-'maiM bhikSu saMgha kA netRtva grahaNa kruuN|' isa vicAra ke ubharate hI usakI Rddhi naSTa ho gaI hai|" kakudha devaputra yaha kahakara tatkAla tirohita ho gyaa| moggallAna dvArA puSTi moggallAna buddha ke pAsa Aye aura kakudha devaputra dvArA kathita vRttAnta unheM nivedita kiyaa| buddha ne mauggallAna se pUchA--"kyA tU ne bhI yoga-bala se isa vRtta ko usI prakAra jAnA hai ?" vinamratA se mauggallAna ne kahA "bhante ! jo kucha kakudha devaputra ne kahA hai, saba vaise hI hai ; anyathA nhiiN|" buddha mahatI pariSad meM dharma-upadeza kara rahe the / rAjA ajAtazatra bhI usameM upasthita thA / devadatta apane Asana se uThA / uttarAsaMga kiyA aura karabaddha ho, buddha se bolA-"bhante ! bhagavAn aba jIrNa, adhvagata aura vayaH-anuprApta haiM; ataH nizcinta hokara isa janma ke sukhavihAra ke sAtha vihareM / bhikSu-saMgha mujhe sauMpa deN| ise maiM grahaNa kruuNgaa|" "basa, devadatta ! tujhe bhikSu-saMgha kA grahaNa na ruce / devadatta ne tIna bAra apane kathana ko duhraayaa| buddha ne usakA prativAda karate hue dRr3hatA se kahA --- 'deva tta ! sAriputra aura mauggallAna ko bhI maiM bhikSu saMgha nahIM detA, phira tere jaise khakhAra (zleSma) ko to dene kI bAta hI kyA ?" devadatta mana-hI-mana ubalane lagA aura kahane lagA--"isa mahatI pariSad meM, jisameM ki rAjA bhI upasthita hai, bhagavAn ne khakhAra kahakara mujhe apamAnita kiyA hai aura sAriputra aura moggallAna ko bar3hAyA hai|" vaha kupita huA aura asantuSTa hokara bhagavAn ko abhivAdana va pradakSiNA kara calA gyaa| devadatta kA yaha pahalA droha thaa| prakAzanIya karma " buddha ne saMgha ko Amantrita kiyA aura kahA-"bhikSuo ! saMgha rAjagRha meM devadatta kA prakAzanIya karma kare---- 'devadatta pahale anya prakRti kA thA aura aba anya prakRti kA hai / devadatta kAya va vacana se aba jo kucha bhI kare, buddha, dharma aura saMgha usakA uttaradAyI nahIM hai / devadatta hI uttaradAyI hai|" "isa prakAzanIya karma ke lie catura va samartha bhikSu saMgha ko jJapti kare, anuzrAvaNa kare aura uparokta vAkya ko duharAtA huA kahe-"saMgha isa abhimata se sahamata hai, ata: mauna hai / maiM isakI dhAraNA karatA huuN|" buddha ne sAriputra ko sambodhita karate hue kahA-"sAriputta! tU rAjagRha meM devadatta kA prakAzana kr|" ___ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 "bhante! maiMne rAjagRha meM pahale devadatta kI prazaMsA karate hue kahA thA-'godhiputra (devadatta) mahaddhika (divya zaktidhara) hai|' bhante ! aba maiM usakA prakAzana karUM?" "sAriputta ! tU ne devadatta kI pahale yathArtha hI to prazaMsA kI thI na ?" "hA~, bhante !" "sAriputta ! isI prakAra yathArtha hI devadatta kA rAjagRha meM prakAzana kr|" sAriputta ne buddha kA Adeza zirodhArya kiyA / buddha ne bhikSu-saMgha se kahA-'saMgha sAriputta ko rAjagRha meM devadatta ke prakAzana-kArya ke lie cune / " usI samaya buddha ne cunAvavidhi para prakAza DAlate hue kahA--- "saMgha pahale sAriputta ko pUche / usake anantara catura va samartha bhikSu-saMgha ko sUcita kare aura kramazaH jJapti, anuzrAvaNa aura dhAraNA kre|" saMgha dvArA cune jAne ke bAda AyuSmAn sAriputta bahuta se bhikSuoM ke sAtha rAjagRha Aye / vahA~ devadatta kA prakAzana kiyaa| zraddhAlu, paNDitoM va buddhimAnoM ne socA-"bhagavAn rAjagRha meM devadatta kA jo prakAzana karavA rahe haiM, yaha sAdhAraNa ghaTanA nahIM hai|" ajAtazatru ko pita-hatyA kI preraNA devadatta kumAra ajAtazatra ke pAsa aayaa| kumAra se kahA-"manuSya pahale dIrghAyu hote the| aba alpAyu hote haiN| ho sakatA hai, tuma kumAra rahate hI mara jaao| kumAra ! tuma pitA ko mAra kara rAjA ho jAo aura maiM buddha ko mAra kara buddha houuNgaa|'' ajAtazatra jaMghA meM churA bA~dha kara bhIta, udvigna, zaMkita va trasta kI taraha madhyAhna meM sahasA antaHpura meM pahu~cA / antaHpura ke upacAraka mahAmAtyoM ne tatkAla use jyoM-kA-tyoM pakar3a liyaa| kumAra se mahAmAtyoM ne pUchA-'saca-saca batAo, tuma kyA karanA cAhate the?" "pitA ko mAranA cAhatA thA / ' "kisane protsAhita kiyA ?" "Arya devadatta ne / " kucha mahAmAtyoM ne sammati dI--"kumAra ko bhI mAranA cAhie aura devadatta va bhikSuoM ko bhii|" kucha mahAmAtyoM ne kahA-"na kumAra ko mAranA cAhie, na devadatta aura bhikSuoM ko bhI, apitu rAjA ko sUcita kara denA caahie| ve jaisA cAheMge, kreNge| mahAmAtya ajAtazatra ko lekara magadharAja zreNika bimbisAra ke pAsa gye| unheM sArI ghaTanA sunAI / zreNika ne mahAmAtyoM ke parAmarza ke bAre meM pUchA / unake vicAra bhI batAye gaye / zreNika ne nirNaya diyA--- "bhaNe ! isameM buddha, dharma aura saMgha kA kyA doSa hai ? bhagavAn ne to rAjagRha meM pahale hI isakA prakAzana karavA diyA hai| jina mahAmAtyoM ne kumAra, devadatta va bhikSa oM ko mArane kA parAmarza diyA hai, unheM pada se pRthaka kara diyA jAye aura jinhoMne kumAra, devadatta va bhikSa oM ko mArane kA parAmarza na dekara mujhe sUcita karane kA prastAva kiyA hai, usakI padonnati kara dI jaaye|" . magadharAja zreNika vimbisAra ne ajAtazatra se pUchA- "kumAra ! tU mujhe kisa prayojana se mAranA cAhatA thA ?" 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA virodhI ziSya "deva ! rAjya cAhatA huuN|" buddha-hatyA kA SaDyaMtra zreNika ne usa samaya ajAtazatra ko rAjya-bhAra sauMpa diyaa| devadatta ajAtazatru kumAra ke pAsa AyA / apanI yojanAoM se paricita karate hue usase kahA---"mahArAja ! anucaroM ko nirdeza do ki ve zramaNa gautama kA prANa-viyojana kara deN| __ ajAtazatra devadatta ke Rddhi-bala se bahuta prabhAvita thA ; ataH usane apane vizvasta caroM ko tatsambandhI sAre nirdeza tatkAla de diye / devadatta ne eka puruSa ko AjJA dI"Avusa ! zramaNa gautama amuka sthAna para vihAra karatA hai| usakA prANa-viyojana kara isa rAste se cale Ao / usa mArga meM do puruSoM ko baiThAyA aura unheM nirdeza diyA- "isa mArga se jo akelA puruSa Aye, use jAna se mArakara tuma isa mArga se cale aao|" isI prakAra cAra puruSoM ko una do ke lie, ATha puruSoM ko una cAra ke lie aura solaha puruSoM ko una ATha puruSoM ke vadha ke lie nirdeza diyaa| sabhI nirdiSTa mArga aura sthAna para sAvadhAna hokara baiTha gye| vaha akelA puruSa DhAla-talavAra aura tIra-kamAna le buddha ke pAsa gayA / avidUra meM bhIta, udvigna, zaMkita zUnya-sA eka ora khar3A ho gyaa| buddha ne use dekhA / komala sambodhana karate hue buddha ne usase kahA- "Ao, Avusa ! aao| Daro mt|" usa puruSa ne DhAlatalavAra aura tIra-kamAna eka ora DAla diye / buddha ke caraNoM meM zira se girakara bolA"bhante ! bAla, mUr3ha va akuzala kI bhAMti maiMne jaghanya aparAdha kiyA hai| maiM duSTa citta hokara Apake vadha ke lie yahA~ aayaa| mujhe kSamA kreN| bhante ! bhaviSya meM saMvara ke lie mere isa aparAdha ko atyaya (vigata) ke rUpa meM svIkAra kreN|' buddha ne use sAntvanA ke zabdoM meM kahA-"yadyapi tUne aparAdha kiyA hai, para, bhaviSya ke lie atyaya ke rUpa meM dekhakara tU usakA dharmAnusAra pratikAra karatA hai ; ata: hama use svIkAra karate haiM / " buddha ne usa samaya use AnupUrvI ka : kahI / usa puruSa ko usI Asana para dharma-cakSa, utpanna ho gayA / vaha buddha se bolA--"bhante ! Aja se mujhe aJjalibaddha zaraNAgata upAsaka dhAraNa kreN|" buddha ne apane Rddhi-bala se devadatta ke SaDyantra ko jAnakara usake jAne kA mArga badalavA diyaa| vaha puruSa devadatta dvArA nirdiSTa mArga se nahIM gayA / ve donoM puruSa vyagratA se usakI pratIkSA kara rahe the| jaba vaha nahIM AyA to ve donoM usI dizA meM cale / eka vRkSa ke nIce unhoMne buddha ko baiThe dekhA / abhivAdana kara ve bhI eka ora khar3e ho gaye / buddha ne unheM AnupUrvI kathA khii| unheM bhI dharma-cakSa utpanna huA aura ve buddha ke aJjalibaddha zaraNAgata ho gye| isI prakAra ve cAra, ATha aura solaha puruSa bhI kramazaH buddha ke pAsa Aye / unheM bhI dharma-cakSa utpanna huA aura ve sabhI buddha ke aJjalibaddha zaraNAgata ho gaye / buddha ne kramaza: una saba ke vApisa jAne ke mArga ko badalavA diyaa| vaha akelA puruSa devadatta ke pAsa AyA aura vAstavikatA ko udghATita karate hue usane kahA--- "bhante ! maiM una bhagavAn kA zarIrAnta na kara skaa| ve mahaddhika mahAnubhAva haiN|' anyamanaskatA ke sAtha devadatta ne kahA-"khaira, jAne do| tU zramaNa gautama ko mata mAra, maiM hI use maaruuNgaa|" ____ 2010_05

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266 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khinDa:1 devadatta dvArA prayatna buddha gRdhrakUTa parvata kI chAyA meM caMkramaNa kara rahe the| devadatta parvata para car3hA / buddha ko kArane ke abhiprAya se eka zilA una para pheNkii| do parvata kUToM ne Akara usa zilA ko rokA / sahasA eka papar3I uchalI aura vaha buddha ke pairoM para par3I / paira se khUna bahane lgaa| buddha ne Upara dekhA aura devadatta se kahA--- "phalgu puruSa ! tU ne dveSavaza tathAgata kA rudhira nikAlakara bahata-pApakamAyA hai|" bhikSuoM ko sambodhita karate hue usa kArya ko lakSita kara, kahA- "devadatta ne yaha prathama Anantarya (mokSa kA bAdhaka) karma kiyA hai|" bhikSuoM ne devadatta ke isa kutsita prayatna ko sunA, to ve buddha kI gupti ke lie vihAra ke cAroM ora Tahalate hue ucca svara se svAdhyAya karane lge| buddha ne Ananda ke dvArA bhikSuoM ko apane pAsa bulAyA aura kahA-"bhikSuo ! yaha sambhava nahIM hai ki kisI dUsare ke prayatna se tathAgata kA jIvana chUTe / tathAgata kisI dUsare ke upakrama se nahIM, apitu svAbhAvika mRtyu se hI parinirvANa ko prApta huA karate haiM / bhikSuo ! tuma apane-apane vihAra ko jaao| tathAgatoM kI rakSA kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai|" nAlAgiri hAthI rAjagRha meM nAlAgiri nAmaka manuSya-ghAtaka aura bahuta hI caNDa hAthI thaa| devadatta ne eka dina gajazAlA meM Akara mahAvata ko Adeza diyA--"jaba zramaNa gautama isa sar3aka se Aye, tuma isa hAthI ko kholakara usake sammukha kara denaa|" mahAvatane Adeza zirodhArya kiyaa| pUrvAhna ke samaya buddha bhikSa -saMgha ke sAtha piMDacAra ke lie rAjagRha meM Aye / mahAvata ne usa dizA meM hAthI chor3a diyaa| sahavartI bhikSu bhaya-trasta hue aura unhoMne do-tIna bAra buddha se mArga chor3akara eka ora ho jAne ke lie prArthanA kI / usa samaya bahuta sAre manuSya prAsAdoM va hayoM kI chatoM para car3hakara utkandhara ho, usa dRzya ko dekhane lage / bahuta sAre azraddhAlu va durbuddhi kahane lage -"abhirUpa mahAzramaNa Aja nAga (hAthI) se mArA jaayegaa|" zraddhAlu aura paNDita kahane lage-"nAga nAga (buddha) se saMgrAma kregaa|" buddha ne dUra se Ate hue nAlAgiri ko maitrI-bhAvanA se AplAvita kiyaa| hAthI usase spRSTa huA aura sUMDa ko nIce kiye buddha ke pAsa Akara khar3A ho gyaa| buddha ne nAlAgiri ke kumbha kA apane dAhine hAtha se sparza kiyaa| nAlAgiri ne apane sUMDa se buddha kI caraNa-dhUli uThAI aura zira para ddaalii| vApasa calA / jahA~ taka buddha use dRSTigata hote rahe, vaha usakI ora binA pITha kiye hI lauttaa| gajazAlA meM jAkara apane sthAna para khar3A ho gayA / janatA meM carcA cala par3I-"devadatta kaisA pApI aura alakSaNI hai, jo aise mahaddhika mahAnubhAva zramaNa gautama ke vadha kA prayatna karatA hai|" devadatta kA lAbha-satkAra ghaTA aura buddha kA lAbha-satkAra bddh'aa| 1. 'kUlabAlaka' kI prasiddha jaina kathA meM bhI ThIka isI prakAra kA ghaTanA-prasaMga milatA hai| avinIta ziSya kUlabAlaka apane guru ke vadha ke lie aisA hI upakrama karatA hai aura isI prakAra guru se zApa pAtA hai / dekheM, uttarAdhyayana sUtta, lakSmIvallabha gaNi kRta TIkA 508-6 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] virodhI ziSya 267. saMgha-bheda kI yojanA asaphala devadatta ne apanI vidrohI pravRttiyoM ko una kara diyaa| vaha kokAlika kaTamoratissaka aura khaNDa devI-putra samudra datta ke pAsa gayA / saMva-bheda ke lie protsAhita karate hae unake samakSa usane eka prastAva rakhA--"hama zramaNa gautama se Agraha kareM ki bhikSa-saMgha ke lie pA~ca naye niyama banAyeM / unake anusAra 1. bhikSa jIvana-bhara araNya meM hI rahe, grAma meM nahIM; 2. jIvana-bhara piNDapAtika hokara rahe, kintu nimaMtraNa kI bhikSA svIkAra na kare; 3. jIvanabhara pAMsukUlika hokara hI rahe / gRhastha dvArA diye gae cIvara kA upayoga na kare; 4. jIvana-bhara vRkSamUlika hI rahe; 5. jIvana-bhara machalI-mAMsa na khAye / zramaNa gautama isa prastAva ko svIkAra nahIM kreNge| taba hama janatA ko bahuta sahajatA meM usase vimukha kara apanI ora AkarSita kara skeNge|" devadatta pariSad ke sAtha buddha ke pAsa gyaa| abhivAdana kara apanA cira-cintita prastAva unake samakSa prastuta kiyaa| buddha ne uttara meM kahA - "devadatta ! alam ! maiMne araNyavAsa va grAma-vAsa, piNDapAtika va nimantrita bhikSA, pAMsukUlika va gRhasya dvArA pradatta vastra aura ATha mAsa vRkSamUla zayanAsana kI anujJA dI hai| maiMne adRSTa,' azru tava aparizaMkita, isa tIna koTi se parizuddha mAMsa kI bhI anujJA dI hai / maiM inameM koI dosa nahIM maantaa|" buddha ne jaba devadatta kA prastAva ThukarA diyA, to vaha atyanta harSita vahA~ se rAjagRha meM calA aayaa| janatA ke samakSa buddha kI kalaI kholate hue vaha kahane lagA- "bhagavAn alpeccha, santuSTa, salleka (tapa), dhuta (tyAgamaya rahana-sahana), prAsAdika, apacaya (tyAga) aura vIryArambha (udyoga) ke prazaMsaka haiM, ataH hamane saMpa ke lie pA~va niyama banAne kA prastAva rkhaa| kintu, unhoMne saMgha ke lie isakI anumati nahIM dii| hama ina pA~coM niyamoM kA anuvartana karate haiN|" azraddhAlu aura mUrkha ise suna kahane lage--"yaha zAkyaputrIya zramaNa avavata sallekhavRti (tapasvI) haiM / zramaNa gautama saMgrahazIla aura saMgraha ke lie hI preraNA detA hai|" jo zraddhAlu va dhImAn the, ve devadatta kI isa kutsita pravRti para hairAna the / unake muMha se eka hI bAta nikala rahI thI, "devadatta bhagavAn ke saMgha-bheda ke lie hI prayatna kara rahA hai|" bhikSuoM ne isa jana-carcA ko sunA / unhoMne Akara buddha se kahA / buddha ne bhikSa oM ke samakSa devadatta ko lakSita kara kahA--"basa, devadatta ! saMgha meM phUTa DAlanA tujhe rucikara na ho / saMgha-bheda bhArI aparAdha hai| jo avibhakta saMgha ko vibhakta karatA hai, vaha naraka meM kalpa bhara rahane vAle pApa ko kamAtA hai| kalpa bhara naraka meM pakatA hai| jo chinna-bhinna saMgha ko eka karatA hai, vaha brAhma (uttama) puNya ko kamAtA hai| kalpa bhara svarga meM Ananda karatA hai| isalie devadatta ! saMgha meM phaTa DAlanA tujhe rucikara na ho|" ___ AyuSmAn Ananda pUrvAhna meM rAjagRha meM bhikSA ke lie gaye / devadatta ne unheM dekhA aura apane pAsa bulaayaa| Ananda se usane kahA--"Avusa Ananda ! Aja se maiM bhagavAn se va bhikSa -saMgha se alaga hI uposatha karUgA, alaga hI saMgha-karma kruuNgaa|" 1. mere lie mArA gayA, yaha dekhA na ho| 2. mere lie mArA gayA, yaha sunA na ho| 3. mere lie mArA gayA, yaha sandeha na ho| 2010_05

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268 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa bhikSA se nivRta hokara Ananda vihAra meM lauTa Aye / unhoMne buddha ko sUcita kiyA"bhante ! devadatta Aja saMgha ko todd'egaa| vaha alaga hI saba-karma karegA / jaba maiM piNDacAra ke lie rAjagRha meM gayA, to usane mujhe yaha saba kucha khaa|" buddha ne usa samaya udAna kahA--"sAdhu ke sAtha sAdhutA sukara hai / pApI ke sAtha sAdhutA duSkara hai| pApI ke sAtha pApa sukara hai aura AryoM ke sAtha pApa duSkara hai|" pAMca sau bhikSuoM dvArA zalAkA-grahaNa vaizAlI ke pAMca sau vajjiputtaka bhikSa oM ne unhIM dinoM pravrajyA grahaNa kI thii| ve caryA se pUrNataH paricita nahIM the / uposatha ke dina devadatta ne unheM lakSita kara kahA-"Avuso! hamane zramaNa gautama ke samakSa pA~ca niyama prastuta kie the| zramaNa gautama ne unheM svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| hama usakA vartana kreNge| jisa AyuSmAn ko ye pA~ca niyama ruceM, ve zalAkA grahaNa kreN|" devadatta ne usI samaya sabakI ora zalAkAe~ bddh'aaii| pA~ca sau bhikSa oM ne sovA"yaha dharma hai, yaha vinaya hai, yaha zAstA kA zAsana hai|" sabane hI ve zalAkAe~ le lI / devadatta ne saMgha ko phaTA kara pA~ca sau bhikSa oM ko apane sAtha milA liyaa| sabake sAtha cArikA karate hue gayAsIsa kI ora prasthAna kara diyaa| sAriputta aura mauggallAna ne buddha ko isa ghaTanA se sUcita kiyaa| buddha ne kahA"sAriputta ! tuma logoM ko una naye bhikSa oM para tanika dayA nahIM AI ? Apatti meM phaMsane se pUrva hI una bhikSa oM ko tuma bcaao|" sAriputta aura mauggallAna dvArA prayatna sAriputta aura mauggallAna tatkAla vahA~ se cle| gayAsIsa pahu~ce / davadatta bar3I pariSad ke bIca dharma-upadeza kara rahA thaa| usane unheM dUra se hI Ate hue dekhA / atyanta prasanna-mukha ho, devadatta ne bhikSa oM se kahA-"merA dharma kitanA su-akhyAta hai| isase AkRSTa hokara zramaNa gautama ke pradhAna ziSya sAriputta aura mauggallAna bhI mere pAsa A rahe haiM / ve mere dharma ko mAnate haiN|" kokAlika ne devadatta ke kathana kA prativAda karate hue kahA-"sAriputta aura moggallAna kA vizvAsa mata kro| ve pApeccha haiN|" devadatta ne apane vicAroM ko duharAte hue kahA-"nahIM, unakA svAgata hai| ve mera dharma para vizvAsa karate haiN|" sAriputta aura mauggallAna samIpa pahu~ce, to devadatta ne sAriputta ko apane Adhe Asana kA nimantraNa diyaa| kintu, ve donoM dUsare hI Asana lekara eka ora baiTha gaye / devadatta ne bhikSuoM ko dharmopadeza diyaa| bahuta rAta bItane para bhI bhikSu sunane meM lIna the| sAriputta se devadatta ne kahA - "Atrusa ! isa samaya ye bhikSu Alasya va pramAda-rahita haiN| tuma inheM upadeza do / merI pITha agiyA rahI hai; ataH maiM lettuuNgaa|' sAriputta bhikSuoM ko sambodhita karane lage aura devadatta caupetI saMghATI bichAkara dAhinI karavaTa se leTa gyaa| smRti va saMprajanya-rahita ho jAne se use muhUrta bhara meM nIMda A gii| sAriputta aura mauggallAna ne avasara kA lAbha utthaayaa| sAriputta ne AdezanA-prAtihArya va anuzAsanIya-pratihArya aura mahA mauggallAna ne Rddhi-prAtihArya ke sAtha bhikSu oM ko dharmopadeza diyaa| sabhI bhikSa oM ko usa samaya vimala dharma-cakSu utpanna huaa| ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA virodhI ziSya 266 pA~ca sau bhikSa oM ko sAtha lekara sAriputta aura mauggallAna ne veNuvana kI ora prasthAna kara diyA / kokAlika ne devadatta ko uThAyA aura usase kahA---'maiMne pahale hI kahA thA, ina donoM kA vizvAsa mata kro| ve apane pA~ca sau sAthiyoM ko phor3akara calate bane haiN|" devadatta ke mukha se vahIM garma khUna nikala pdd'aa| sAriputta aura mauggalAna pA~ca sau bhikSa oM ke parivAra se buddha ke pAsa phuNce| unhoMne nivedana kiyA--"bhante ! saMdha meM phUTa DAlane vAle anuyAyI bhikSa oM ko puna: upasampadA pradAna kreN|" buddha ne kahA-"sAriputta ! aise nhiiN| pahale inheM apane thullaccaya (bar3e aparAdha) kI dezanA kraao| jaba taka aisA nahIM hogA, ye upasampadA ke anadhikArI rheNge| buddha ne pUchA-"sAriputta ! devadatta ne tumhAre sAtha kaisA vyavahAra kiyA ?" sAriputta ne uttara diyA-"bhante ! bahuta rAta bIta jAne taka bhagavAn bhikSa oM ko dharma-kathA dvArA samuttejita aura saMpraharSita karate haiM / bahuta bAra bhagavAn mujhe AjJA dete haiMcitta va zarIra ke Alasya se rahita bhikSa-saMgha ko tU dharma-kathA kaha / merI pITha agiyA rahI hai; ataH maiM lambA hokara lettuuNgaa| bhante ! usI prakAra devadatta ne mere sAtha kiyaa|" buddha ne bhikSa oM ko sambodhita karate hue kahA-"prAcIna yuga meM eka mahAsarovara thaa| vahA~ bahuta sAre hAthI rahate the| ve pratidina sarovara meM Ate, mRNAla ko nikAlate aura acchI taraha dhokara khAte / isase unakA saundarya aura bala bar3hatA thaa| ve saba prakAra ke duHkhoM se mukta rahate the / kucha taruNa siyAra una hAthiyoM kA anukaraNa karate the / ve bhI mRNAla khAte the, para, unheM acchI taraha dhote nahIM the / isase unakA bala va saundarya ghaTatA thaa| yaha sArA upakrama unake duHkha kA nimitta banatA thaa| isI prakAra bhikSa o! devadatta merI nakala kara kRpaNa hokara mregaa| vaha apAyika, nairayika, kalpastha aura acikitsya hai|" garma khUna nikalane se devadatta bahuta hI pIr3ita huA / nau mahIne taka una vedanA bhogatA rahA / antima dinoM meM use sanmati AI / khinnatA ke sAtha usane pUchA- Ajakala zAstA kahA~ hai ?" uttara milA-"jetavana meN|" devadatta ne apane sAthiyoM se kahA- "mujhe khATa para DAlakara le calo aura zAstA ke darzana kraao|" sAthiyo ne vaisA hI kiyaa| jaba ve use lie jA rahe the, jetavana puSkariNI ke samIpa phaTI pRthvI meM dhaMsakara vaha avici naraka meM pahu~ca gayA / eka lAkha kalpa taka vahA~ raha kara apane agrima janma meM vaha aTTissara nAmaka pratyeka buddha hogA aura nirvANa prApta kregaa| saddharma puNDarIka ke anusAra vaha devarAja nAmaka buddha hogaa| jamAli mahAvIra ke virodhI ziSyoM meM gozAlaka ke atirikta eka ullekhanIya virodhI ziSya aura thaa| vaha thA, jamAli / vaha mahAvIra kA bhAneja bhI thA aura jAmAtA bhii| usakI dIkSA kA varNana pUrva prakaraNoM meM A hI cukA hai| vaha pAMca sau kSatriya kumAroM ke sAtha dIkSita huA thaa| jamAli kI patnI (mahAvIra kI putrI) priyadarzanA bhI eka sahasra striyoM ke sAtha mahAvIra 1. vinaya piTaka, cullavagga, khaMdha-bhedaka khaMdhaka ke AdhAra se| 2. dhammapada-aTTakathA, khaNDa 1, pR0 125 3. adhyAya 11 / ____ 2010_05

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270 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana ke samavasaraNa meM dIkSita huI thii| jamAli ke virodhI hone kA itihAsa bhagavatI' meM miltaa| vahIM batAyA gayA hai: "jamAli anagAra eka dina bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa aaye| nivedana kiyA-"bhante ! yadi ApakI anujJA ho, to maiM pA~ca sau sAdhuoM ke sAtha anya pradeza meM vicaranA cAhatA huuN| mahAvIra ne jamAli kA nivedana sunA, para, uttara nahIM diyaa| mauna la ne apane kathana ko tIna bAra duharAyA, phira bhI mahAvIra ne uttara nahIM diyaa| jamAli ne pAMca sau sAdhaoM ke sAtha anya pradeza meM vicarane ke lie prasthAna kara diyaa| __ "eka bAra jamAli anagAra zrAvastI ke koSThaka caitya meM Thahare hue the / prati dina tukSa, nIrasa, ThaNDA aura alpa bhojana karane se unake zarIra meM pittajvara ho gyaa| sArA zarIra dAha va vedanA se pIr3ita rahane lgaa| eka dina unhoMne apane sahavartI sAdhuoM se zayyA-saMstAraka lagAne ke lie kahA / sAdhu tatkAla kArya meM juTa gaye / jamAli pIr3A se atyanta vyAkula ho rahe the / eka kSaNa kA vilamba bhI unheM sahya nahIM ho rahA thaa| unhoMne punaH pUchA- kyA mere lie zayyA-saMstAraka kara diyA gayA hai ?' sAdhuoM ne vinamra uttara diyA- 'abhI taka kiyA nahIM hai, kara rahe haiN| uttara sunate hI jamAli socane lage-bhagavAn mahAvIra ko kRtamAna ko kRta, calamAna ko calita kahA karate haiM ; yaha to galata hai| jaba taka zayyA-saMstAraka bicha nahIM jAtA, taba taka use bichA huA kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? unhoMne zramaNa-nirgranthoM ko bulAyA aura unake samakSa apanA mantavya prakaTa kiyaa| kucha zramaNoM ne unake siddhAnta ko svIkAra kiyA aura kucha ne svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| jinhoMne svIkAra kiyA, ve unake sAtha rahe aura jinhoMne svIkAra nahIM kiyA, ve bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa lauTa aaye| "kucha samaya pazcAt anagAra jamAli svastha hue| ve zrAvastI se vihAra kara campA aaye| mahAvIra bhI usa samaya vahIM padhAre huethe| jamAli mahAvIra ke pAsa Aye aura bole'Apake aneka ziSya chadmastha haiM, kevalajJAnI nahIM haiM / parantu, maiM to sampUrNa jJAna-darzana se yukta, arhat, jina aura kevalI ke rUpa meM vicara rahA huuN|' gaNadhara gautama ne jamAli ke kathana kA prativAda karate hue kahA-"kevala jJAnI kA darzana parvata Adi se kabhI Acchanna nahIM hotaa| yadi tU kevalajJAnI hai, to mere praznoM kA uttara de-'loka zAzvata hai yA azAzvata ?, jIva zAzvata hai yA azAzvata ? ___"jamAli koI bhI pratyuttara na de ske| ve mauna rhe| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-jamAli ! mere aneka ziSya ina praznoM ke uttara de sakate haiN| phira bhI ve apane ko jina yA kevalI ghoSita nahIM karate haiN|' jamAli ko mahAvIra kA kathana acchA na lagA / ve vahA~ se uThe aura cala diye / alaga hI rahane lage aura varSoM taka asatya prarUpaNAoM dvArA mithyAtva kA poSaNa karate rhe| anta meM anazana kara, apane pApa-sthAna kI AlocanA aura pratikramaNA kiye binA hI kAla-dharma ko prApta hue aura lAntaka devaloka meM kilviSika rUpa meM utpanna hue" jamAli kI vartamAnatA meM hI priyadarzanA eka bAra apane sAdhvI-parivAra sahita zrAvastI gii| vahA~ vaha DhaMka kuMbhakAra kI zAlA meM ThaharI / DhaMka mahAvIra kA parama anuyAyI thaa| priyadarzanA ko pratibodha dene ke lie usane usakI saMghATI meM Aga lagA dii| saMghATI jalane haThAta bola par3I-"saMghATI jala gaI," "saMghATI jala gaI / " DhaMka ne kahA- "Apa mithyA saMbhASaNa kyoM karatI haiM ? saMghATI jalI kahA~, vaha to jala rahI hai|'' priyadarzanA pratibuddha huI / punaH apane sAdhvI-samUha ke sAtha mahAvIra ke zAsana meM praviSTa 1. zataka 6, u0 33 / 2. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gA. 2324-2332 / 2010_05

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14 anuyAyI rAjA zreNika-bimbisAra mahAvIra aura buddha ke anuyAyioM meM aneka rAjA loga bhI the| vismaya kI bAta to yaha hai ki kucha eka rAjAoM va rAjakumAroM ko jaina aura bauddha donoM hI paramparAeM apane-apane upAsaka mAnatI haiM / aise logoM meM zreNika-bimbisAra, kUNika (ajAtazatru) aura abhayakumAra ke nAma pramukhatA se Ate haiN| donoM hI paramparAeM ina sabako apane anuyAyI hI nahIM, dar3ha upAsaka bhI mAnatI haiM / AgamoM, tripiTakoM aura donoM hI paramparAoM ke purANa-sAhitya meM ukta sabhI pAtroM kI bharapUra carcAeM haiN| gaveSaka vidvAnoM kA dhyAna bhI una carcAoM kI ora gayA hai / nAnA niSkarSa nikale haiM / kucha loga mAnate haiM, ye saba mahAvIra ke upAsaka the, to kucha mAnate haiM, ye saba buddha ke upAsaka the / eka vicAradhArA hai, zreNika pahale bauddha thA, phira jaina banA, to dUsarI vicAradhArA hai, pahale vaha jaina thA, phira bauddha bnaa| vastusthiti kI spaSTatA ke lie apekSA hai, sambandhita purAvoM ko baTora kara kisI eka niSkarSa para pahu~cane kA prayatna kiyA jaaye| prathama samparka bauddha paramparA ke anusAra buddha aura bimbisAra kA prathama samparka bodhilAbha se bahuta pUrva aura pravrajyA-grahaNa ke anantara hI ho jAtA hai / taruNa bhikSu buddha bhikSArtha rAjagRha meM praveza karate haiM / buddha ke AkarSaka vyaktitva para sahasroM nara-nAriyoM kA dhyAna khiMca jAtA hai| mahAkavi azvaghoSa ke zabdoM meM-"buddha ko dekhate hI jinakI A~kheM jahA~ lagI, bhU para, lalATa para, mukha para, A~khoM para, zarIra para, hAthoM para, caraNoM para, gati para, usakI A~kheM vahIM bandha gii|" rAjagRha meM bhikSAcAra karate buddha kI A~kheM sthira thiiN| ve jue kI dUrI taka dekhakara calate the / ve mUka the| unakI gati manda va niyaMtrita thii| unakA mana saMyata thaa|2 bimbisAra ne bhI isa divya prabhAva vAle bhikSuka ko apane rAjamahaloM se dekhA / vaha atyanta AkRSTa huaa| bhikSuka se bAta karane ko utsuka huA / rAjagRha ke pANDu (ratnagiri) parvata para Akara usane buddha se sAkSAtkAra kiyaa| bimbisAra ne buddha se rAjya aura bhoga-sAmagrI ke grahaNa aura upabhoga ke lie prArthanA kI / buddha ne yaha saba asvIkAra karate hue rAjA ko kAma-vikAroM kA kuphala batAyA aura 1. 5vI lalATa mukhamIkSaNe vA, vapuH karau vA caraNau gati vaa| yadeva yastasya dadarza tatra, tadeva tasyAtha babandha cakSu : // -buddha carita, sarga 10, zloka 8, 2. alolacakSuryugatramAdarzI, nivRttavAg yaMtritamandayAmI / cacAra bhikSAM sa tu bhikSuvaryo nidhAya gAtrANi calaM ca cetH|| -buddha carita, sarga 10, zloka 13 2010_05

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272 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa :1 kahA-"maiM rAjya pAne ke lie nahIM, buddhatva pAne ke lie pravajita huA huuN|" bimbisAra ne kahA--"ApakI kAmanA saphala ho| buddhatva prApta kara Apa mere nagara rAjagRha meM avazya aanaa| jaina paramparA meM zreNika rAjA kA prathama samAgama anAthI muni ke sAtha huA, aisA pratIta hotA hai / vaha samAgama bhI bahuta kucha pUrvokta samAgama se samAnatA rakhane vAlA hai| rAjagRha ke nikaTa maNDI kukSI udyAna thaa| vaha nAnA kusumoM se AcchAdita va bahuta hI ramaNIya thaa| eka dina magadharAja zreNika vana-krIr3A ke lie usa udyAna meM aayaa| vahA~ usane eka mahAnirgrantha ko dekhaa| vaha eka ghane vRkSa kI chAyA meM baiThA thaa| usakI AkRti sukomala aura bhavya thii| vaya se vaha taruNa thA / mukha para asIma zAnti virAjamAna thI / magadharAja zreNika ne jyoM hI use dekhA, usake mukha se nikala par3A--"kaisA varNa! kaisA rUpa! isa Arya kI kaisI saumyatA! kaisI isakI kSamA ! kaisA isakA tyAga ! kaisI isakI bhoga-nispRhatA !"2 __ magadharAja zreNika usa mahAnirgrantha ke nikaTa gayA aura pUchane lagA-'bhikSuka ! tuma tahaNa ho, isa bhoga-kAla meM hI kaise dIkSita ho gaye ?" muni-"mahArAja ! maiM anAtha thaa|" rAjA-"bhikSuka ! tumhAre jaisA RddhimAn anAtha ? maiM tumhArA nAtha hotA huuN| punaH saMsAra meM praveza karo aura manuSya-jIvana kA Ananda luutto|" muni-"magadharAja ! tuma to svayaM anAtha ho, mere nAtha kaise ho jAoge ?" rAjA-"maiM anAtha kaise ! tuma anAtha kise kahate ho bhikSuka ?" muni -"kauzAmbI nagarI thI / yathAnAma tathAguNa 'prabhUta dhana saMcaya' nAmaka merA pitA thaa| mAtA, patnI, bandhu, sabakA sukhada saMyoga thaa| eka bAra merI A~khoM meM bhayaMkara vedanA utpanna huii| zarIra meM bhI dAha-jvara utpanna huaa| vaha vedanA nirupama thI, asahya thii| kuzala cikitsaka, abhyasta maMtravid sabhI hatAza rahe / vedanA zAnta nahIM huI / rAjan ! merA pitA mere lie saba kucha nyochAvara karane ko prastuta thA; phira bhI vaha mujhe vedanA-mukta nahIM kara sakA; yaha merI anAthatA thii| merI mAtA bhIgI A~khoM se mujhe nihAratI rahI, para, mujhe vedanA-mukta nahIM kara sakIM; yaha merI anAthatA thii| sage bhAI aura sagI bahineM bhI mujhe vedanAmukta nahIM kara sakIM; yaha merI anAthatA thii| merI patnI anavarata mere pAsa khar3I hI rahatI thI aura apane azruoM se mere vakSa kA parisiMcana karatI thii| vaha mujhe vedanA-mukta nahIM kara sakI; yaha merI anAthatA thii|" usa mahAnirgrantha ne magadharAja zreNika ko batAyA-"rAjan ! maiMne svayaM ko saba taraha se anAtha pAkara dharma kI zaraNa grahaNa kii| maiMne saMkalpa kiyA-'merI vedanA zAnta ho, to maiM anagAra dharma ko aMgIkAra kruuN|' agale hI dina vedanA zAnta ho gaI aura maiM anagAra bana gyaa|" ___ anAthI muni aura zreNika rAjA ke isa saMlApa kA pUrA vivaraNa uttarajjhayaNANi ke bIsa mahAnirgranthIya adhyayana meM diyA gayA hai| anAthI muni ne isI prasaMga para eka dUsare 1. suttanipAta, mahAvagga, pavvajjA sutta; buddha carita, sarga 11, zloka 72 / 2. aho vaNNo aho rUvaM, aho ajjassa somyaa| aho khantI aho muttI, aho bhoge asaMgayA / uttarajjhayaNANi, a0 20, gA0 6 ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] anuyAyI rAjA 273 prakAra kI anAthatA kA bhI paricaya diyA / vaha anAthatA thI, pravajita hokara bhI pravrajyAniyamoM ke anukUla na clnaa| zithilAcAra kI tIvra bhartsanA karate hue muni kahate haiM "he rAjan ! anAthatA ke anya svarUpa ko bhI ekAgra hokara suna / aise kAtara puruSa bhI hote haiM, jo nirgrantha dharma ko pAkara bhI usameM zithila ho jAte haiN|' ___jaise polI muTThI asAra hotI hai aura khoTI mudrA meM bhI koI sAra nahIM hotA; usI prakAra dravya liMgI muni bhI asAra hotA hai| jaise kA~ca kI maNi vaiDUrya maNi kI taraha prakAza to karatI hai, kintu vijJa puruSoM ke sammukha usakA kucha bhI mUlya nahIM hotA; usI prakAra bAhya liMga se muniyoM kI taraha pratIta hone para bhI vaha dravya liMgI muni vijJa puruSoM ke samakSa apanA kucha bhI mUlya nahIM rkhtaa|' "jo asAdhu puruSa lakSaNa, svapna Adi kA prayoga karatA hai, nimitta aura kautuka karma meM Asakta hai, isI prakAra vaha asatya aura Azcarya-utpAdaka vidyAoM se jIvana vyatIta karane vAlA hai ; pApodaya ke samaya usakA koI trANa nahIM hai|' "jo asAdhu puruSa auddezika, krItakRta, nitayapiNDa aura anaiSaNIya kucha bhI nahIM chor3atA, agni kI taraha sarvabhakSI hokara jItA hai, vaha narakAdi gatiyoM meM jAtA hai // 4 saMyama-zUnya sAdhuoM kA AcAra batAte hue anAthI ne magadharAja zreNika se spaSTa-spaSTa kahA-- soccANa mehAvi subhAsiyaM imaM aNusAsaNaM nANaguNovaveyaM / bhaggaM phusIlANa jahAya savvaM mahAniyaNThANa vae paheNaM // 51 // he medhAvin / jJAnaguNopapeta isa subhASita anuzAsana ko sunakara aura kuzIla janoM ke mArga kA sarvathA parityAga kara mahAnirgranthoM (tIrthaGkaroM) ke patha para cala / yaha saba sunakara magadharAja zreNika bahuta tuSTa huA / aMjalibaddha hokara kRtajJatA ke zabdoM meM usane kahA : "mahAmune ! Apane anAthatA kA mujhe samyag digdarzana kraayaa| ApakA janma saphala hai / Apa hI sanAtha aura sabandhu haiM; kyoMki Apa sarvottama jina-mArga meM avasthita haiN| maiMne Apako bhogArtha AmaMtrita kiyA, Apake dhyAna meM vighna kiyA, isake lie maiM kSamAprArthI huuN| maiM ApakA anuzAsana grahaNa karatA huuN|"5 1. imA hu annA vi aNAhayA nivA !, tamegacitto nihuo suNehi / niyaNThadhamma lahiyANa va jahA, sIyanti ege bahukAyarA narA // 38 // 2. polle va muTThI jaha se asAre, ayaMtie kUDakahAvaNe vaa| . rADhAmaNI veruliyappagAse, amahagghae hoi ya jANaesu // 42 // kusIlaliMgaM iha dhAraittA, isijjhayaM jIviya bhittaa| asaMjae saMjayalappamANe, viNighAyamAgacchai se ciraM pi // 43 // 3. jo lakkhaNaM suviNa pauMjamANe, nimitta kouuhlsNpgaa| kuheDavijjAsavadArajIvI, na gacchaI saraNaM tammi kAle // 45 // 4. uddesi kIyagaDaM niyAgaM, na muMcaI kiMci aNesaNijja / aggI mivA savvabhakkhI bhavittA, io cui gaccha ikaTTha pAvaM // 47 // 5. tuTTho ya seNio rAyA, iNamudAhu kayaMjalI / aNAhattaM jahAbhUyaM, suThTha me uvadaMsiyaM // 54 // tujhaM suladdhaM khu maNussajamma, lAbhA suladdhA ya tume mahesI / tubbhe saNAhA ya sabaMdhavA ya, jaMbhe ThiA magge jiNuttamANaM // 55 // 2010_05

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274 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana isI adhyayana kI upasaMhArAtmaka gAthA meM kahA gayA hai : "isa prakAra narapati siMha (zreNika) anagAra-siMha anAthI muni ko praNAma kara saparijana, sabandhu dharma meM anurakta huaa| ukta donoM ghaTanA-prasaMgoM meM yaha samAnatA bahuta hI vismayotpAdaka hai ki magadharAja taraNa bhikSuka ke saundarya aura saumyatA para mugdha hotA hai, sAMsArika bhogoM ke lie Amantrita karatA hai aura asvIkRti mUlaka uttara pAtA hai| donoM prakaraNoM kA racanA-Rma sahasA yaha socane ko vivaza karatA hai ki kisI eka paramparA ne dUsarI paramparA kA anukaraNa to nahIM kiyA hai ? 'maMDikucchi' udyAna kA ullekha bauddha-paramparA meM 'maddakucchi' nAma se milatA hai| anAthI muni kA isa adhyayana ke atirikta aura kahIM varNana nahIM miltaa| ve mahAvIra ke saMgha meM the yA pArzva-paramparA meM, isakA bhI koI vivaraNa nahIM miltaa| ve kabhI mahAvIra se mile the, aisA bhI ullekha nahIM hai / sambhavataH inhIM kAraNoM se itihAsakAra DaoN0 rAdhAkumuda mukarjI ne isa sAre prakaraNa ko anAthI ke sAtha na jor3a kara 'anagAra-siMha' zabdaprayoga ke AdhAra se mahAvIra ke sAtha jor3A hai| unakA kathana hai, zreNika kI yaha bheMTa mahAvIra ke sAtha hI huI thii| aisA hone meM isa bheMTa kA aitihAsika mahattva to bar3hatA hai, para, yaha mAnane ke lie koI paryApta AdhAra nahIM hai| kauzAmbI nagarI, prabhUtadhanasaMcaya zreSThI, akSivedanA Adi isa ghaTanA-prasaMga ko sarvAzataH pRthak vyakta karate haiN| donoM prathama samparkoM meM ullekhanIya antara to yaha hai ki buddha ko to zreNika bodhilAbha ke pazcAt rAjagRha Ane kA AmantraNa mAtra hI karatA hai aura anAthI muni ke samparka meM zreNika nirgrantha-dharma ko saparivAra svIkAra karatA hai| ____ anAthI nirgrantha dUsare prakAra kI anAthatA kA varNana karate hue dravyaligiyoM para tIvra prahAra kara rAjA ke mana ko udhara se haTAte hue pratIta hote haiN| usa varNana se yaha nikAla pAnA to kaThina hai ki unake ve saMketa amuka pantha ke lie hue haiM aura isase pUrva zreNika amuka pantha ko hI mAnA karatA thaa| vahA~ mukhya abhivyakti zithilAcArI nirgranthoM kI pratIta hotI hai, para, patA nahIM, usa samaya kauna se nintha itane zithilAcArI ho rahe the| pArzva-paramparA ke zithila nirgranthoM kI ora yadi yaha saMketa hai, to isase itanA to pratIta hotA hI hai ki yaha ghaTanA-prasaMga mahAvIra ke kaivalya-lAbha aura rAjagRha-Agamana se pUrva kA hai, jabaki samAja meM pAzvapatyika zithilAcArI bhikSaoM kA bolabAlA thaa| tripiTaka sAhitya meM dharma-cakSu kA lAbha rAjA bimbisAra ke bauddha dharma svIkAra karane ke bhI kucha eka spaSTa ullekha milate taM si NAho aNAhANaM, savvabhUyANa saMjayA ! / khAmemi te mahAbhAga ! icchAmi aNusAsiuM // 56 // pucchiUNa mae tubbhaM, jhANaviggho u jo ko| nimaMtio ya bhogehi, taM savvaM marisehi me // 57 // 1. evaM thuNittANa sa rAyasIho, aNagArasIhaM paramAi bhttiie| saoroho sapariyaNo, sabaMdhavoM, dhammANuratto vimaleNa ceyasA // 5 // 2. dIgha nikAya, mahAvaggo, mahAparinibbAnasutta, pR0 61 / 3. hindU sabhyatA, pR0185| ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] anuyAyI rAjA 275 haiM / mUlabhUta ullekha vinaya piTaka kA hai; jisameM batAyA gayA hai -- buddha uruvela kAzyapa Adi sahasra jaTiloM ko bauddha dharma meM dIkSita kara rAjagRha Aye / rAjA bimbisAra ne yaha samAcAra sunA / usane bAraha lAkha magadha-nivAsI brAhmaNoM aura gRhasthoM ke sAtha buddha ke darzana kie| buddha usa samaya laTThivana meM pratiSThita the| unhoMne bimbisAra Adi bAraha lAkha magadha-nivAsiyoM ko dharmopadeza diyaa| dharmakathA suna kara unameM se bimbisAra Adi gyAraha lAkha magadha vAsiyoM ko usI Asana para "jo kucha paidA hone vAlA hai, vaha nAzamAna hai"-yaha viraja (=nirmala) dharma-cakSu utpanna huA aura eka lAkha upAsaka bane / ' baddha ke dharma meM vizArada hokara bimbisAra ne kahA--"bhante! pahale kumAra-avasthA meM merI pA~ca abhilASAeM thiiN| ve aba pUrI ho gii| maiM cAhatA thA-merA rAjyAbhiSeka ho, mere rAjya meM arhat arthAt buddha AyeM, unakI maiM sevA karU, ve mujhe dharmopadeza kareM aura una bhagavAn ko maiM jAnUM / Aja taka yathAkrama merI pAMcoM abhilASAeM pUrI ho gaI haiN| bhikSu-saMgha sahita kala ke lie merA nimantraNa svIkAra kreN|" agale dina magadharAja bimbisAra ne buddha-sahita bhikSu-saMgha ko apane hAtha se uttama bhojana karAyA aura apanA veNuvana udyAna bhikSu-saMgha ke lie pradAna kiyaa| isI prakaraNa kI puSTi kA eka samullekha dIgha nikAya ke kaTadanta satta' meM milatA hai| kUTadanta vipra apane parAmarzaka aura sahayogI viproM se kahatA hai-''maiM kyoM na zramaNa gautama ke darzanArtha jAU~ ? magadharAja zreNika bimbisAra putra sahita, bhAryA sahita, amAtya sahita prANArpaNa se zramaNa gautama kA zaraNAgata huA hai|"3 ThIka yahI ullekha soNadaNDa sutta meM prasaMgopAtta soNadaNDa brAhmaNa karatA hai| uposatha kA Arambha zaraNa-grahaNa ke pazcAt bimbisAra kA buddha aura unake bhikSu-saMgha ke sAtha kaisA samparka rahA, isa bAta ke dyotaka bhI aneka ghaTanA-prasaMga upalabdha hote haiN| kucha eka bAra aura bhI buddha va bimbimAra ke sAkSAt hone ke ullekha vinaya piTaka, mahAvagga meM milate haiN| eka bheMTa meM bimbisAra prastAva rakhate haiM-'aSTamI, caturdazI, pUrNimA ke dina anya dhamAvalambI ekatra hote haiM, upadeza karate haiM, kyoM na bhante ! hamArA bhikSu-saMgha bhI aisA kare / " buddha ne tathArUpa anumati dii| sainikoM ko dIkSA-niSedha eka anya bheMTa meM usane sainikoM ko dIkSita na karane kA anurodha buddha se kiyaa| sthiti yaha thI ki bimbisAra sainikoM ko sImA-pradeza para zatra oM se lar3ane ke lie bhejatA / sainika marane ke bhaya se bhikSu-saMgha meM praviSTa ho jAte / buddha ne vaha prastAva svIkAra kiyaa| ___ eka bAra zreNika bimbisAra ne apane adhInastha asIti sahasra gA~voM ke pratinidhiyoM ko apane pAsa ekatrita kiyaa| unheM rAja, samAja aura artha-sambandhI vyavasthAeM btaaii| anta meM usane kahA-"maiMne jo bhI batAyA hai, vaha laukika hai / lokottara jJAna ke lie tuma 1. vinaya piTaka, mahAvaggo, mahAkhaMdhaka, pR0 35-36 / 2. vahI, pR0 37-38 / 3. dIgha nikAya, 1-5, pR 111-112 / 4. vahI, 1-4, pR0 108 / ____ 2010_05

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276 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 saba buddha kI zaraNa meM jaao|" tadanantara ve saba gRdhakUTa parvata para Aye aura buddha ke zaraNA gata he|' zreNika bimbisAra ne apane rAja-vaidya jIvaka kaumAra bhRtya ko buddha aura bhikSu-saMgha kI cikitsA ke lie niyukta kiyA thA, jisakA ullekha pramukha upAsaka-upAsikAye prakaraNa meM kiyA jA cukA hai / bimbisAra dvArA bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke lie AvAsa-nirmANa kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| petavattha aTThakathA ke anusAra zreNika bimbisAra pratimAsa aSTamI, caturdazI, amAvasyA aura pUrNimA ko uposatha karatA thaa|' kArAvAsa meM darzana mahAyAna ke amitAyuAna sutta ke anusAra apane jIvana ke sAMdhya meM zreNika bimbisAra jaba kArAvAsa meM thA, taba use mauggallAna bhikSu apane Rddhi-bala se vahIM prakaTa hokara darzana dete aura dharma sUkta sunaate| bimbisAra ne vahIM baiThe aisA cAhA thA aura vaise hI hone lgaa| bimbisAra kI patnI vaidehI bhI eka pRthak kArAvAsa meM de dI gaI thii| usakI prArthanA para buddha ke vahA~ prakaTa hone kA bhI ullekha hai| ___dhammapada-aTThakathA ke anusAra licchaviyoM ke pratinidhi mahAlI ke AmantraNa ko svIkAra kara jaba buddha vaizAlI kI ora cale, taba zreNika bimbisAra gaMgA-taTa taka unheM pahuMcAne ke lie aayaa| usane isa prasaMga se rAjagRha se gaMgA taka navIna patha kA nirmANa kraayaa| use phUloM se sajavAyA, maMjila-maMjila para vizrAma-gRha banavAye / buddha naukA meM baiThe / naukA clii| bimbisAra naukA ko pakar3e-pakar3e pAnI meM calA / gale taka pAnI AyA, taba vApasa mur3A / jaba taka buddha vaizAlI se vApasa nahIM Aye, vahIM gaMgA-taTa para Dere DAla kara rhaa| phira buddha ko lekara rAjagRha meM aayaa| lalitavistara meM buddha aura bhikSu-saMgha ke lie naukA-vihAra sadA ke lie niHzulka kara dene kA bhI ullekha hai| pakkusAti-pratibodha __majjhima nikAya ke dhAtuvibhaMga sutta kI aTThakathA meM batAyA gayA hai-"eka bAra bimbisAra kI rAjya-sabhA meM takSazilA ke kucha vyApArI Aye / prasaMga se unhoMne apane rAjA pakkusAti kI guNa-carcA kii| use guNoM se aura vaya se bimbisAra ke samAna hI btaayaa| donoM rAjAoM ke bIca sandezoM ke AdAna-pradAna se maitrI ho gaI / rAjagRha ke vyApArI takSazilA meM tathA vahAM ke yahA~ kara-mukta kara die ge| pakkusAti ne pA~ca paMcarageM zAla bimbasAra ko bheMTa meM bheje / bimbisAra ne eka svarNa-paTa para buddha kI prazasti likhA kara use bheMTa meM bhejii| pakkusAti buddha ko dekhane rAjagRha taka paidala AyA aura bhikSu-saMgha meM praviSTa ho gyaa|" 1. vinaya piTaka, mahAvaggo, cammakhandhaka, pR0 166 / 2. vinaya piTaka, cullavagga, kSudra kavastuskaMdhaka, pR0 458 / 3. gA0 206 4. s. b. e., vol. XLIV, p. 166. 5. khaMDa 3, pR0438 kramazaH; Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, Vol, II. P., 288, ___ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA anuyAyI rAjA 277 mRtyu ke bAda dIgha nikAya ke janavasabha sutta meM bimbisAra kI lokottara gati kA bhI varNana hai| Ananda ne kahA-"bhante! Apane aneka dezoM ke aneka upAsakoM kI lokottara gati kA bakhAna kiyA hai, zreNika bimbisAra bhI to dhArmika, dharma rAjA buddha kA zaraNAgata thA / vaha mRtyu-dharma prApta ho, kisa gati, kisa loka meM utpanna huA, yaha ullekha bhI kreN|" Ananda ke isa anurodha para buddha ne dhyAna lgaayaa| Atma-zakti kendrita kii| yaha jAnane kA prayatna kiyA ki bimbisAra kisa gati meM sukha-duHkha pA rahA hai| eka divya yakSa prakaTa haA aura bolA . "bhante ! maiM janavasabha hu~, maiM janavasabha... maiM janavasabha huuN| maiM hI bimbisAra huuN|" taba buddha ne jAnA aura Ananda ke sammukha prakaTa kiyAbimbisAra yakSa-yoni meM janavasabha nAmaka yakSa haA hai| therI gAthA meM bimbisAra kI eka rAnI khemA kA bauddha bhikSu-saMgha meM dIkSita hone kA bhI ullekha hai, jo mahAprajJAoM meM anagaNyA mAnI gaI hai| Agama-sAhitya meM pUrvokta sAre hI samullekha apane Apa meM suspaSTa haiM / kevala inhIM ke AdhAra para hameM nirNaya karanA ho, to yaha nissandeha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki zreNika bimbisAra buddha kA hI upAsaka thaa| Agama-sAhitya kI chAnabIna meM jaba hama jAte haiM to inase bhI kahIM adhika itane hI suspaSTa ullekha hameM vahA~ mila jAte haiN| mahAvIra ke samparka meM magadharAja zreNika ko anAthI nirgrantha se dharma-bodha milA, yaha ullekha hama kara Aye haiN| dasAsuyakkhaMdha meM mahAvIra ke sAkSAt samparka aura unake prati rahI asAdhAraNa zraddhA kA paricAyaka eka jvalanta prakaraNa hai / vahA~ batAyA gayA hai - "usa kAla usa samaya meM rAjagRha nagara thA / usake bAhara guNazila udyAna thaa| zreNika rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| eka dina apanI upasthAna zAlA meM rAja-siMhAsana para baiThe zreNika ne kauTumbika (rAjakarmacArI) puruSoM ko bulAyA aura unase kahA-devAnupriyo ! tuma jAo aura rAjagRha nagara ke bAhara jitane hI ArAma, udyAna, zilpazAlAyeM, Ayatana, devakula, sabhAeM, prapAyeM, udakazAlAyeM, panyazAlAyeM, bhojanazAlAeM, cUne ke bhaThe, vyApAra kI maMDiyA~, lakar3I Adi ke Theke, mUMja Adi ke kArakhAne hai, unake jo-jo adhyakSa haiM, unase jAkara kaho--devAnupriyo ! zreNika rAjA bhaMbhasAra Adeza karatA hai-'jaba zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra isa nagara meM AyeM, tuma loga sthAna, zayanAsana Adi grahaNa karane kI unheM AjJA do aura unake Ane ke saMvAda ko mere taka phuNcaao|' kauTumbika puruSoM ne aisA hI kiyaa| "usa kAla usa samaya meM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra rAjagRha meM Ae, pariSad juttii| ArAma Adi ke svAmI ekatrita ho, zreNika ke pAsa Ae aura kahane lage-'svAmin ! jinake darzana ko Apa utsuka haiM, jinake nAma-gotra sunakara Apa harSita hote haiM, ve dharma-pravartaka tIrthaGkara, sarvajJa, sarvadarzI bhagavAn mahAvIra guNazila caitya meM virAjamAna haiN|' "isa saMvAda ko sunakara zreNika harSita aura santuSTa huaa| siMhAsana se uThakara sAtaATha kadama Age jA, vahIM se usane bhagavAn mahAvIra ko vaMdana kiyaa| tadanantara saMvAdavAhakoM ko pAritoSika de, usane senApati, vAhanAdhIza Adi ko bulAyA, caturaGgiNI senA susajjita karane kA Adeza diyA aura dharma-ratha susajjita karane ko khaa| ____ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka eka anuzIlana - 'devapriye ! tathArUpa "yaha saba karake vaha rAnI celaNA ke pAsa AyA aura bolAarihanta bhagavAn ke darzana bahuta phaladAyaka hote haiM / isalie hama caleM, zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ko vandana kareM. namaskAra kareM, unakA satkAra aura sammAna kareM / ye mahAvIra kalyANakArI, maMgalakArI, devAdhideva aura jJAnI haiM / vahA~ calakara paryupAsanA kreN| yaha paryupAsanA hamAre isa loka ke lie, paraloka ke lie, sukha ke lie, kSema ke lie, mokSa ke lie yAvat bhava-paramparA meM phaladAyaka hogI / ' yaha saba sunakara celaNA Anandita huI, praphullita huI / EUR 278 "celaNA snAnAdi karma se nivRtta huI / bahumUlya vastra aura AbhUSaNoM se parisajjita huI / rAjA zreNika ke sAtha dhArmika yAna para ArUr3ha huI / kramazaH guNazila udyAna meM AI / mahAvIra ke abhimukha huii| tIna pradakSiNA se abhivandana kiyA / kuzala prazna pUche tathA rAjA zreNika ko Age kara mahAvIra kI paryupAsanA meM lIna huI / "mahAvIra ne dharma-kathA kahI / pariSad visarjita huI / zreNika kI divya Rddhiko dekhakara katipaya bhikSuoM ke mana meM AyA - 'dhanya hai yaha zreNika bhaMbhasAra, celaNA jaisI rAnI aura magadha jaise rAjya ko bhoga rahA hai / hamArI bhI tapa sAdhanA kA koI phala hameM mile to yahI ki hama bhI AgAmI jIvana meM aise hI manorama kAma-bhogoM ko prApta kareM / ' celaNA kI divya Rddhi ko dekhakara katipaya bhikSuNiyoM ke bhI mana meM AyA --- ' dhanya hai yaha celaNA / hamArI tapa sAdhanA kA koI phala ho to AgAmI jIvana meM hameM bhI aise kAma-bhoga mileM / ' khaNDa : 1 " mahAvIra ne bhikSu bhikSuNiyoM ke isa nidAna ko apane jJAna-bala se jAnA / unheM ekatrita kiyA / nidAna ke kuphala se unheM paricita karAyA / bhikSu bhikSuNiyoM ne apane dussaMkalpa kI AlocanA kI / " prastuta prakaraNa mahAvIra ke prati zreNika bhaMbhasAra kI bhakti kA paricAyaka hone ke sAtha-sAtha isa bAta kA bhI saMketa karatA hai ki yaha prakaraNa zreNika aura mahAvIra ke prathama samparka kA honA cAhie / isameM celaNA Age hokara mahAvIra se milatI hai aura phira vaha zreNika ko Age kara unakI paryupAsanA karatI hai / jaina paramparA yaha mAnatI hai ki zreNika pahale itara dharmAvalambI thA / celaNA apane pitR pakSa se hI nirgrantha-dharma ko mAnane vAlI thI / prathama samparka meM hI calaNA kA Age hokara mahAvIra kA sAkSAtkAra karanA saMgata hotA hai / bhikSu bhikSaNiyoM kA zreNika aura celaNA ko dekhakara nidAna baddha honA bhI prathama samparka meM adhika sahaja hai / aNutarovavAhasAo Agama meM batAyA gayA hai-- rAjA zreNika ne bhagavAn ke darzana kie aura dezanA ke anta meM pUchA - "bhante ! Apake indrabhUti Adi caudaha sahasra zramaNoM meM sarvAdhika tapa karane vAlA aura sarvAdhika karmoM kI nirjarA karane vAlA kauna hai ?" bhagavAn ne kahA - "zreNika ! dhanya anagAra utkRSTa tapasvI aura utkRSTa sunakara zreNika harSita huA / dhanya anagAra ke pAsa AyA aura dhanya ho, kRtapuNya ho / " vahAM se punaH bhagavAn mahAvIra ko vandana nirjarA- parAyaNa hai / " yaha bolA - " devAnupriya ! tuma kara apane prAsAda lauTA / ' NAyAdhammakahAo -- ke 3 veM adhyayana meM bhI zreNika ke sadala-bala mahAvIra ke darzana karane kA ullekha hai 1 } 1. aNuttarovavAidasAo, tRtIya varga, sU. 4 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA anuyAyI rAjA 276 rAjakumAroM kI dIkSA medhakumAra ke dIkSA-prasaMga para bhI zreNika nirgrantha-dharma kI prazasti meM kahatA hai - "nimrantha-dharma satya hai, pradhAna hai, paripUrNa hai, mokSamArga hai, tarka-siddha hai aura nirupama hai / usa (bhikSu-dharma) kA grahaNa lohe ke cane cabAne kI taraha kaThina hai|" zreNika ke anya putra nandIsena ne bhI mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa meM dIkSA grahaNa kii| aisA bhI uralekha milatA hai ki zreNika ne eka bAra apane rAja-parivAra, sAmantoM tathA maMtriyoM ke bIca yaha udghoSaNA kI-"koI bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kare, maiM rodUMgA nhiiN|" kahA jAtA hai, isa ghoSaNA se prerita ho, zreNika ke jAli, mayAli Adi 23 putra mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSita hue| nandA, nandamatI Adi 13 rAniyAM dIkSita naraka-gamana aura tIrthaGkara pada / eka bAra samavasaraNa meM zreNika mahAvIra kI paryapAsanA kara rahA thaa| eka kaSThI bhI usake nikaTa A baiThA / mahAvIra ko chIMka AI / kuSThI bolA-'mara re|' zreNika ko chIMka aaii| kuSThI bolA---'jI re|' abhayakumAra ko chIMka aaii| kuSThI bolA-'jI, cAhe mr|' mahAkasAI kAlazaurika ne chIMkA / kaSThI bolA-'na mara, na jii|' isa asambaddha pralApa para zreNika ke sainikoM ne use pakaDanA cAhA, para, vaha dekhate-dekhate antardhAna ho gyaa| zreNika ne mahAvIra se isa deva-mAyA kA hAla pchaa| mahAvIra ne kahA--"yaha deva thA aura isane jo kahA. saba satya khaa| majhe marane ke lie kahA, isalie ki mere lie Age mokSa hai| tumheM jIne ke lie kahA, isalie ki tumhAre Age naraka hai arthAt tumheM yahA~ se mara kara naraka pahuMcanA hai| abhayakumAra yahA~ bhI manuSya hai, dharmaniSTha hai / Age bhI use devagati meM jAnA hai; isalie use kahA-mara, cAhe jii| mahAkasAI kAlazaurika yahA~ bhI bIbhatsa jIvana jItA hai, Age bhI use naraka milanA hai; isalie use kahA---na mara, na jii|" zreNika apane naraka-gamana kI bAta sunakara stabdha rahA / bolA - "bhagavan! kyA ApakI upAsanA kA yahI phala sabako milatA hai?'' mahAvIra bole-"rAjan! aisA nahIM hai| tumane mRgayA-gRddhi ke kAraNa naraka kA AyuSya bahuta pahale se bAMdha rakhA hai| merI upAsanA kA phala to yaha hai ki jaise maiM isa caubIsI kA antima tIrthaGkara hU~, naraka gati se nikalate hI tU AgAmI caubIsI kA prathama kIrthaGkara padyanAbha hogaa|" zreNika isa mahAna sa~vAda ko sunakara atyanta Anandita aura praphullita huaa| apane naraka-gamana ko TAla sakane kA upAya bhI zreNika ne mahAvIra se pchaa| mahAvIra ne kahA-"kapilA brAhmaNI dAna de tathA kAlazaurika jIva-vadha choDa mhArA naraka-gamana Tala sakatA hai|" zreNika kI bAta na kapilA ne mAnI aura na kasAI ne maanii| 1. NAyAdhammakahAo 111 / 2. triSaSTizAlAkApuruSacaritram, parva 10, sarga 6 / vistAra ke lie dekheM, 'bhikSu-saMgha aura usakA vistAra' prkrnn| 3. AcArya guNacandra, mahAvIra cariyaM, pR.0 334-1 / 4. aNutta rovavAidasAo, varga 1, a0 1-10; varga 1, a0 1-13 / 5. antagaDadasAo, varga 7, a0 1.13 / 6. padmanAbha tIrthaGkara kA vistRta varNana, ThANAMga , ThA0 6 u0 3, sUtra 663 meM upa labdha hai| 2010_05

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280 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 balAt dAna dilavAnA prArambha kiyA, to kapilA bolI- "dAna maiM nahIM de rahI hU~, rAjA hI de rahA hai|" kAlazaurika ko kUeM meM DAla diyA gayA, to vahA~ bhI 500 miTTI ke bhaise banA kara unakA vadha kiyA / ' tAtparya, na ye donoM bAteM hone vAlI thIM, na naraka Talane vAlA thaa| kevala pratibodha ke lie mahAvIra ne zreNika ko ye do mArga batalAe the| rAjarSi prasannacandra ___mahAvIra aura zreNika ke aneka saMsmaraNa jaina vAGmaya meM pracalita haiN| rAjarSi prasannacandra kA isa sambandha meM eka preraka prasaMga hai| ye potanapura ke rAjA the| mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSita hue| rAjagRha meM samavasaraNa ke bAhara eka dina ye dhyAna-mudrA meM khar3e the| zreNika kI savArI AyI / durmukha senApati ne rAjarSi ke viSaya meM kahA-"yaha DhoMgI hai aura abuddha bhii| alpavayaska rAjakumAra ko rAja sauMpa pravrajyA kA DhoMga racA hai| isake maMtrI zatra rAjA se milakara rAja har3apane lage haiN|" dhyAnastha rAjarSi ke kAnoM meM yaha zabda pdd'e| mana meM uthala-puthala maca gaI / zatruoM para, maMtriyoM para roSa umar3a pdd'aa| zreNika bhI rAjarSi ko vandana karake mahAvIra ke pAsa phuNcaa| prazna pUchA-"prasannacandra muni dhyAna-mudrA meM abhIabhI kAla-dharma ko prApta hoM to kisa gati ko prApta kareMge?" bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA'saptama nrk|' rAjA vismita rhaa| kucha samaya Thahara kara usane aura pacha liyA ---"bhagavan! yadi aba ve kAla-dharma ko prApta hoM to?" mahAvIra ne kahA-"sarvArtha siddha, jo paramocca deva-gati hai| rAjan! vismaya kI bAta nahIM hai| pariNAmoM kI taratamatA hI mUla AdhAra hai| prathama prazna ke samaya usake mana meM dvandva cala rahA thaa| dUsare prazna ke samaya rAjarSi apane Apako saMbhAla cukA hai aura Atma-vimarSaNa meM laga cukA hai / " zreNika kA mahAvIra ke sAtha yaha saMlApa cala hI rahA thA ki prasannacandra rAjarSi ne kaivalya prApta kara liyaa| AkAza meM deva-duMdubhi bajane lagI / zreNika arhat zAsana kI isa mahimA ko dekha kara jhUma utthaa| caupanna mahApurisa cariyaM ke anusAra indra ne eka prazaMsA kI.-zreNika ke samAna zraddhAzIla aura dhArmika abhI koI nahIM hai / indra kI isa bAta se ruSTa ho eka deva zreNika kI parIkSA lene aayaa| nirgrantha-dharma meM use saba se dRr3ha pAkara deva prasanna huaa| usI deva ne zreNika ko vaha aitihAsika aThArahasarA hAra diyA, jo Age calakara 'rathamUsala saMgrAma' va 'mahAzilA kaMTaka saMgrAma' kA eka nimitta bnaa| digambara mAnyatA ke anusAra mahAvIra kI prathama dezanA rAjagaha ke vipulAcala para zrAvaNa kRSNA pratipadA ko huii| magadha rAja zreNika saparivAra evaM saparikara usa samavasaraNa meM upasthita thA / vaha upAsaka-saMgha kA agraNI thA tathA sAmrAjJI celaNA upAsikA-saMgha kI agraNI thii| jaina yA bauddha ? / ukta jaina purAvoM para dhyAna dete haiM, to koI prazna hI nahIM rahatA ki zreNika dRr3hadharmI jaina zrAvaka nahIM thA, para, jaba bauddha aura jaina donoM ora ke purAvoM ko sAmane rakha kara eka 1. triSaSTi zAlAkApuruSacaritram, parva 10, sarga 6 / 2. vhii| 3. bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi, pR0 65 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] anuyAyI rAjA 281 taTastha cintana karate haiM, to donoM palar3e sama ho jAte haiM / zreNika ko apanA upAsaka vyakta karane meM kisI aura ke purAvoM ko nyUna yA adhika kaha pAnA kaThina hai, para, itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki donoM hI paramparAoM ke ukta purAvoM kI aitihAsika samIkSA meM jAeM, to bahuta sAre purAve uttarakAlika siddha hoMge, jo samaya-samaya para purANa-granthoM meM jor3e jAte rahe haiN| jaise, rAyasa DeviDsa kA kahanA hai -"kUTadanta sutta kAlpanika pratIta hotA hai| kUTadanta nAmaka koI vyakti thA, aisA anyatra koI pramANa nahIM miltaa|" eDavarDa thaoNmasa kA abhimata hai-"bimbisAra aura buddha kI prathama bheTa kA eka janazru ti se adhika mahatva nahIM hai / vaha nAnA sthaloM para nAnA rUpoM meM milatI hai / prAcIna pAli-ranthoM meM vaha milatI hI nahIM / ,'2 jaina purAvoM kI samIkSA meM jAyeM, to unameM bhI kucha eka janazrutiparaka hI mAne jA sakate haiM / astu, purAve kucha bhI hoM, kaise bhI hoM, unakI vAstavikatA aura kAlpanikatA ke bIca koI sIdhI rekhA nahIM khIMcI jA sktii| jinheM hama kAlpanika socate haiM, usa socane kA AdhAra bhI to hamArI kalpanA hI hai / isa sthiti meM vAstavikatA aura avAstavikatA kI chAna-bIna kA mArga bhI hameM kisI nizcita bindu para nahIM pahuMcA sktaa| isa viSaya meM nirNAyaka prakAza mahAvIra, buddha aura bimbisAra ke kAlakrama se hI mila sakatA hai / 'kAla-gaNanA' prakaraNa meM tInoM ke kAlakrama para vyavasthita aura pramANopeta vicAra kara cuke haiN| usake anusAra kaivalya-prApta mahAvIra aura zreNika kI samasAmayikatA 13 varSoM kI hotI hai tathA bodhi-prApta buddha kI aura bimbisAra kI samasAmayikatA kevala 3 varSoM kI hotI hai / ina 3 varSoM meM mahAvIra bhI vartamAna hote haiN| mahAvIra kaivalya-prApti kA prathama varSAvAsa bhI rAjagRha meM karate haiN| usI varSAvAsa ke prArambha meM zreNika samyaktvadhama tathA abhayakumAra Adi zrAvaka-dharma svIkAra karate hai| zraNika ke nigrenya-dharma svIkAra karane kI bAta anAthI zramaNa ke prasaMga meM bhI A cukI hai| ho sakatA hai, usI kA vidhivat rUpa yahA~ banA ho| astu, zreNika kA mahAvIra ke sAtha ghaniSTha samparka kaivalya-lAbha ke prathama varSa meM hI ho jAtA hai, isameM koI saMdeha nhiiN| usa ghaniSTha samparka kA hI pariNAma mAnA jA sakatA hai ki vaha apane kumAroM aura rAniyoM ko nibAdha dIkSita hone detA hai aura svayaM unake dIkSA samAroha manAtA hai / meghakumAra aura nandIsena kI dIkSA to isI prathama varSAvAsa meM ho jAtI hai| ho sakatA hai, zreNika kI isa asAdhAraNa zraddhA ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI mahAvIra ne rAjagRha meM punaH-puna: cAturmAsa kie hoN| zreNika svabhAva se hI AdhyAtmika saMskAroM kA vyakti thaa| buddha ke udaya se pUrva hI mahAvIra kA rAjagRha meM puna:-punaH Agamana hotA rahA / isa sthiti meM vaha mahAvIra kA 1. Dialogues of Buddha, Part 1, P. 163. 2. Life of Buddha, PP.68-80. 3. tIrthaGkara mahAvIra, bhAga 2, pR0 11 / 4. (ka) zrutvA tAM dezanAM bhartuH samyaktvaM zreNiko'zrayat / zrAvakama tvabhayakumArAdyAH prapedire / / -triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritram, pUrva 10, sarga 6, zloka 376 (kha) emAI dhammakahaM souM seNiya nivAiyA bhavvA / samattaM paDivannA, keI puNa dezavirayAi // -nemicandra racita, mahAvIra cariyaM, gA0 1264 5. tIrthakara mahAvIra, bhAga 2, pR0 11-16 / ____ 2010_05

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282 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 anuyAyI na bana gayA ho, yaha socA bhI nahIM jA sakatA / sAtha-sAtha yaha bhI sambhava nahIM lagatA ki jIvana ke apane antima cAra varSoM meM mahAvIra kI vartamAnatA meM hI vaha nirgrantha-dharma ko chor3a kara bauddha-dharma ko svIkAra kara le, jaba ki anekAneka rAniyA~ aura rAjakumAra mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSita ho cuke the / pro0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA kA yaha kathana bhI yathArtha nahIM lagatA ki mahAvIra ne usakA naraka-gamana batAyA hai, isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vaha anta meM bauddha-dharma kA anuyAyI ho gayA thA / aisA hI hotA to mahAvIra naraka-gati ke anantara hI zreNika ko apane hI jaisA 'padmanAbha' tIrthaGkara hone kI bAta kyoM kahate ? bauddha-ntha mahAvaMza meM batAyA gayA hai- buddha bimbisAra se 5 varSa bar3e the / ve 35 varSa kI Ayu meM buddhatva prApta kara rAjagRha Aye / bimbisAra 15 varSa kI Ayu meM abhiSikta huaa| apane zAsana kAla ke 16veM tathA apane jIvana ke 31veM varSa meM buddha kI zaraNa meM aayaa| tadantara 37 varSa buddha kI vartamAnatA meM vaha jIvita rahA / ajAtazatru ke rAjagaddI para baiThane ke 8 varSa pazcAt buddha kA parinirvANa huaa| mahAvaMza kA ullekha yathArtha nahIM hai| usakI ayathArthatA para 'kAla-gaNanA' prakaraNa meM vistAra se vicAra kiyA jA cukA hai / zreNika kI nirgrantha-dharma kI ghaniSThatA kA eka pramANa yaha bhI hai ki usakI rAniyA~ aura rAjakumAra mahAvIra ke pAsa jitanI bar3I saMkhyA meM dIkSita hue haiM, usa apekSA meM buddha ke pAsa dIkSita hone vAloM kI saMkhyA nagaNya hai| zreNika ke paramparAgata jaina hone kA bhI AdhAra milatA hai / usake pitA ke sambandha meM batAyA ga . hai - vaha pArzva-paramparA kA samyagdRSTi aura aNuvratI upAsaka thaa| DaoN0 kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla ke anusAra zreNika ke pUrvaja kAzI se magadha meM Aye the / yaha bhI mAnA jAtA hai ki kAzI kA yaha vahI rAjavaMza thA, jisameM tIrthaGkara pArzva paidA hue the| isa AdhAra para yaha socA jA sakatA hai, zreNika kA kula-dharma jaina-dharma hI rahA hai| jaina anuzruti ke anusAra bhI zreNika apane kuladharma se jaina hote hue bhI apane nirvAsana-kAla meM jaina-dharma se vimukha ho gayA thaa| ho sakatA hai, usI samaya vaha zithilAcArI zramaNoM ko mAnane lagA ho, jisakA saMketa hameM anAthI zramaNa ke prasaMga meM bhI milatA hai / astu, jisake pUrvaja jaina aura jisakA pitA jaina usa zreNika kA janma-jAta jaina honA sahaja bAta hai| jIvana ke antima cAra varSoM meM usakA sambandha buddha aura bauddha bhikSu-saMca se bhI rahA, isameM saMdeha nahIM; para, vaha sambandha sauhArda aura sahAnubhUti se adhika gaharA pratIta nahIM hotaa| __ ukta tathya kI puSTi meM eka sabala praNAma yaha hai ki rAjagRha mahAvIra aura nirgranthasaMgha kA hI pramukha kendra thaa| mahAvIra ne svayaM vahA~ 14 varSAvAsa bitAye / aneka bAra zeSakAla meM bhI ve vahA~ Ate rahe / rAjagRha ke loga pahale se bhI pArzva-paramparA ko mAnate A rahe the| 1. sthAnAMga-samavAyAMga (gujarAtI anuvAda), pR0 741 / 2. mahAvaMza, pariccheda 2, gA026-32 / 3. shriimtpaavjinaadhiish-shaasnaambhojssttpdH| samyagdarzana puNyAtmA, so'Nuvratadharobhavat // -triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritram, parva 10, sarga 6, zloka 8 4. bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi, pR0 62 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] anuyAyI rAjA 283 isameM saMdeha nahIM honA cAhie ki rAjagRha ke nirgrantha-saMgha aura mahAvIra kA kendra hone meM zreNika kI anuyAyitA bhI eka pramukha AdhAra thI / buddha aura bauddha bhikSu saMgha kA kendra rAjagRha nahIM, zrAvastI thA / vahIM anAthapiNDika kA jetavana thA aura vahIM vizAkhA mRgAramAtA kA puurvaaraam| vahIM buddha kA parama anuyAyI rAjA prasenajit thA / vahA~ buddha ne svayaM 26 varSAvAsa bitAye, jabaki rAjagRha meM kevala pA~ca / mahAvIra ne zrAvastI meM kevala eka varSAvAsa bitaayaa| ullekhanIya bAta yaha hai ki mahAvIra ne jisa prakAra zreNika ke tIrthaGkara hone kI ghoSaNA kI, vaise hI buddha ne prasenajit ke lie buddha hone kI ghoSaNA kii| kula milAkara yahI yathArtha lagatA hai ki zreNika mahAvIra kA anuyAyI thA aura prasenajit buddha kA / zreNika ke viSaya meM DaoN0 vI0 e0 smitha kA bhI abhimata hai " vaha apane Apa meM jaina-dharmAvalambI pratIta hotA hai| jaina-paramparA use rAjA saMprati ke samAna hI jaina-dharma kA prabhAvaka mAnatI hai / "" usI grantha meM ve Age likhate haiM- "mahAvIra apane mAtRka sambandha ke kAraNa videha, magadha aura aMga Adi dezoM ke rAjaguru the / bimbisAra aura ajAtazatru se unakA vyaktigata samparka thA; aise aneka ullekha milate haiM / yaha bhI pratIta hotA hai ki bimbisAra aura ajAtazatra uu; ina donoM ne mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kA anusaraNa kiyA thA / ' nAma carcA bhibhisAra Adi jaina AgAmoM meM zreNika ke lie bhaMbhasAra, bhibhisAra, bhibhasAra zabdoM kA prayoga bhI bahutAyata se milatA hai / " uttaravartI saMskRta prAkRta granthoM meM bhaMbhAsAra zabda hI mukhtataH prayukta 1. anAgatavaMza; Di tionary of Puli Proper Names, vol 11, P. 174. R. He appears to have been a Jain in religion, and sometimes is coupled by Jain tradition with Asoka's grandson, Samprati, as a notabe petron of the creed of Mahavira. - The Oxford History of India, P, 45 3. Being related through his mother to the reigning kings of Videha, Magadha and Anga, he was in a position to gain official patronage for his teaching, and is recorded, to have been in personal touch with both Bimbisara and Ajatasatru, who seem to have followed his doctrine. 4. ( ka ) seNie bhaMbhasAre / -- The Orford History of India, P. 51, 52 NAyAdhammaka hAo, zru01, 2013 ( patra 186 - 2 ) dasAsuyakkhandha, dazA 10 sU0 1 Adi / (kha) seNie bhaMbhasAre, seNie bhibhasAre / uvavAI sutta, sU0 7 pR0 23; sU0 pR0 25; sU0 29 pR0 115 (ga) seNie bhibhisAre / -- ThANAMga sutta, ThA0 6, patra 458 - 2 2010_05

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284 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa:1 huA hai|' bhaMbhA, bhiMbhA aura bhibhi-ye zabda bherI ke artha meM ekArthavAcI mAne gae haiN| vividha granyoM meM isa nAmakaraNa kA eka hI hArda batAyA gayA hai ----mahaloM meM Aga laga jAne se sabhI rAjakumAra vividha vastueM lekara bhaage| zreNika 'bhaMbhA' ko hI rAjacihna ke rUpa meM sArabhUta samajhakara bhaagaa| isalie usakA nAma bhaMbhAsAra pdd'aa| zrI vijayendra sUri ne kevala bhambhAsAra zabda ko hI yathArtha mAnA hai| anya saba nAmoM ko azuddha ThaharAne kA prayatna kiyA hai, para, yaha ucita nahIM lgtaa| ye sabhI zabda mUla AgamoM meM anekadhA prayukta hue haiM / 'bhaMbhA' ke atirikta bhiMbha' Adi zabda bhaMbhAvAcI na bhI hote hoM, jaise ki vijayendra sUri kA kahanA hai, to bhI zreNika ke nAma ke sAtha unakA yoga to hai hI / ataH ye saMjJAvAcI hokara apane artha ke vAcaka ho hI jAte hai / ArSa saMjJAoM ke viSaya meM azuddha hone kA koI prazna banatA hI nhiiN| vijayendra sUri ThAMNAMga vRtti se pramANita karate haiM -"bhabhA' ti DhakkA sA sAro yasya sa bhNbhaasaarH|" lagatA hai, yaha pramANa dRSTi-doSa se hI unhoMne apane pakSa meM prayukta kara liyA hai| vastutaH jisa prati se unhoMne yaha paMkti uddhRta kI hai, usa prati meM to pratyuta yaha batAyA gayA hai-"rbhAibha' ti DhakkA sA sAro yasya sa tathA (bhibhisaarH)|" jisa pATha kI vahA~ vyAkhyA kI jA rahI hai, vaha pATha bhI to spaSTataH "seNirAyA bhibhisAre" hI hai| vRttikAra zrI abhayadeva sUri usI prasaMga meM bhI to spaSTa karate haiM--'tena kumAratve pradIpanake jayaDhakkA gehAnniSkA SitA tataH pitrA bhibhisAra uktH| DaoN0 pizala ne bhI bhibhisAra zabda ko yathArtha hI mAnA hai| bimbisAra bauddha paramparA meM zreNika kA anya nAma bimbisAra mAnA gayA hai / 'bimba' arthAt svarNa / svarNa ke samAna varNa hone ke kAraNa bimbisAra nAma pdd'aa| tibbatI-paramparA meM mAnA gayA hai -zreNika kI mAtA kA nAma bimbi thA; ataH use bimbisAra kahA jAtA thaa| ___ bhibhisAra aura bimbisAra nAma eka dUsare ke bahuta nikaTa pratIta hote haiM / inakI samAnatA kA hArda anveSaNIya hai / ho sakatA hai, eka hI nAma bhASA va uccAraNa Adi ke bheda se do rUpoM meM cala par3A ho / zreNika 1. abhidhAna cintAmaNi, kANDa 3, zlo0 376; upadezamAlA saTIka, patra 334; RSi maNDala prakaraNa, patra 143; zrIbharatezvara bAhubalI vRtti, prathama vibhAga, patra 22; Avazyaka cUNi, uttarArdha, patra 158 / 2. pAiyasaddamahaNNavo, pR0 764,807 / 3. seNiya kumAreNa puNo jayaDhakkA kaDDhiyA pavisiUNaM piUNa tuTheNa tao sI bhNbhaasaaro| -upadezamAlA saTIka, patra 334-1 4. tIrthakara mahAvIra, bhA. 2, pR0 630 se 633 / 5. Agamodaya samiti, prakAzana-san 1620 / 6. patra 461-1 / 7. Grmmatic Derprakrit Sprachen Para. 201. prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa, anu0 DaoN hemacandra jozI, bihAra rASTra-bhASA pariSad, paTanA, pR0 313 / 8. udAna aTThakathA, 104 / E. W.W. Rockhill, Life of Buddha, P.88. 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] anuyAyI rAjA 285 zreNika nAma jaina aura bauddha donoM hI paramparAoM meM samAna rUpa se abhimata hai| donoM paramparAoM meM kramazaH 'zreNika bhibhisAra' aura 'zreNika bimbisAra' kA saMyukta prayoga hI mukhyataH milatA hai| zreNika zabda ke vyautpattika artha meM bhI bahuta kucha samAnatA hai| jaina-paramparA mAnatI hai._NiyoM kI sthApanA karane se zreNika nAma pdd'aa|" bauddha-paramparA mAnatI hai-"pitA ke dvArA aThAraha zreNiyoM kA svAmI banAye jAne ke kAraNa vaha zreNika bimbisAra khlaayaa|"2 donoM hI paramparAoM meM zreNiyoM kI saMkhyA aThAraha hai| zreNiyoM ke nAma bhI bahuta kucha samAna rUpa se milate haiN| jainAgama jambUdIvapaNNatti meM nava nAru aura nava kAru5 zreNiyoM ke ye aThAraha bheda bahata hI vistata rUpa meM batAye gaye haiN| bauddha sAhitya meM zreNiyoM ke nAma eka rUpa tathA itane vyavasthita nahIM milte| mahAvastu ke nAma jambUdIvapaNNatti ke nAmoM se bahata kucha milane vAle haiM, para, ve saMkhyA meM tIsa kara diye gaye haiN| DA~0 sI0 majUmadAra ne vividha granthoM se ekatrita kara zreNiyoM ke sattAisa nAma saMjoye haiN| mAlUma hotA hai, unhoMne jambUdIvapaNNatti kA avalokana nahIM kiyA / nahIM to unheM yaha nahIM likha denA hotA ki "ye aThAraha zreNiyA~ kauna thIM, yaha batAnA sambhava nahIM hai|"" kucha loga yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki mahatI senA hone se yA seniya gotra hone se, zreNika nAma pdd'aa| pitA kA nAma zreNika ke pitA kA nAma zvetAmbara-paramparA ke anusAra prasenajit ThaharatA hai / / digambara-paramparA ke uttarapurANa meM usake pitA kA nAma kuNika batAyA gayA hai, jo spaSTataH ayathArtha hai / digambara AcArya hariSeNa kRta bRhat kayAkoSa (kathAMka, 55) meM zreNika 1. zreNI : kAyati zreNiko magadhezvara : / --abhidhAna cintAmaNiH, svopajJavRttiH, martyakANDa, zlo0 376 / 2. sapitrASTAdazasu zreNiSvavatAritaH / ato'syo zreNyo bimbisAra iti khyAtaH / -vinaya piTaka, gilagiTa mAMskRpTa / 3. jambUdIvapaNNatti, vakSa0 3; jAtaka, mUgapakkhajAtaka, bhA06, jAtaka saMkhyA 538 / 4. kuMbhAra, paTTaillA, suvaNNakArA, sUvakArA ya / gaMdhavvA, kAsavaggA, mAlAkArA, kakchakarA // 1 // taMmboliyA ya e e navappayArA ya nAruA bhnniaa| aha NaM gavappayAre kAruavaNNe pavakkhAmi // 2 // cammayaru, jaMtapIlaga, gaMchia, chipAya, kaMsAre ya / sIvaga. guAra, bhillaga, dhIvara, vaNNai aThThadasa // 3 // 5. bhA0 3, pR0 113 tathA 442-443 / 6. Corporate Life in Ancient India, vol II, P. 18, 7. Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, vol, II, PP. 289. 1284. 6. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritram, parva 10, sarga 6, zlo0 1 / 10. sunuH kuNikabhUpasya zrImatyAM tvmbhuursau| athAnyadA pitA te'sau matputreSu bhavetpatiH // -uttarapurANa,catuHsaptatitamaM parva, zlo0 418 / ____ 2010_05

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286 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [saNDa:1 ke pitA kA nAma upazreNika batAyA gayA hai| zrImad bhAgavata purANa meM zremika ko vidhisAra tathA usake pitA ko kSetra kahA gayA hai| anyatra usake bhaTTiya, mahApadma, hemajit, kSetrojA, kSetprojA Adi vibhinma nAma hote haiM / rAniyAM jaina-sAhitya meM zreNika kI 25 rAniyoM ke nAma upanamba hote haiN| nandA Adi 13 rAmiyoM ke nAma tathA kAlI, sukAlI Adi 10 rAniyoM ke nAma antagaDasAmao meM milate haiN| ye zreNika kI mRtyu ke pazcAt mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSita hotI haiM / damAsuyasandha meM celaNA kA sAmrAjJI ke rUpa meM varNana AyA hI hai| nikSIya bUNi meM zreNika kI eka patnI kA nAma apatagaMdhA AyA hai, jo vizeSa prasiddha nahIM hai| pAyAyAmakahAo meM zreNika kI dhAriNI rAnI kA vizada varNana hai| vinaya piTaka meM rAjA bimbisAra ke 500 patniyAM batAI gaI haiM / jIvaka komAra mRtya ne bimbisAra ke bhagandara sega kA upacAra eka lepa meM kara dikaa| prasanna ho, bimbisAra ne 500 striyoM ko alaMkRta kara unake saba AbhUSaNa jIyaka ko upahAra rUpa meM diye| yaha nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA, ye 500 zreNika kI rAniyA~ hI rahI hoN| bauddha mAnyatA ke anusAra rAjA prasenajit ko bahina kosaladevI bimbisAra kI paTarAnI thii| isake daheja meM eka lAkha kArSApaNa kI eka Aya vAlA eka gAMva bimbisAra ko milA thaa| rAnI khemA madra-deza kI rAja-kanyA thii| vaha rUpa-gavitA thii| pratibodha pAkara buddha ke pAsa dIkSita huii| ujjayinI kI gaNikA padmAvatI bhI zreNika kI patnI mAnI gaI hai| amitAyuyAna sUtra meM vaidehI vAsavI ke bimbisAra kI rAnI hone kA ullekha milatA hai| bimbisAra kI rAniyoM ke viSaya meM jaina aura bauddha samullekha paraspara bhinna hai / lagatA 1. tathAsti magadhe deze puraM rAjagRhaM param / tatropazreNiko rAjA tadbhAryA suprabhA prbhaa||1|| tayoranyonyasaMprItisaMlagnamanasorabhUt / tanayaH zreNiko nAma samyaktva kRtamUSaNaH // 2 // 2. skandha 12, a0 1, pR0 603 / 3. Political History of Ancient India, p. 205 4. sabhASya, bhA0 1, pR0 17 / 5. NAyAdhammakahAo, a0 1 sU08 (patra 14-1) / 6. mahAvagga, 8-1-15 / 7. jAtaka 2-403; Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, Vol. II, p. 286; saMyutta nikAya , atttthkthaa| 8. therI gAthA-aTThakathA, 136-143 / 6. therI gAthA, 31-32 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] anuyAyI rAjA 287 hai, bimbisAra ke bahuta-sI rAniyAM thiiN| mukhyataH jisa-jisa paramparA se jinakA sambandha rahA hai, usa parasparA meM unakA hI samullekha mukhyata: huA hai / ho sakatA hai, kucha eka rAniyA~ nAmabheda se donoM paramparAoM meM ullikhita huI hoM / rAjaputra zreNika kA uttarAdhikArI rAjaputra kUNika ( ajAtazatru ) thA / bauddha paramparA meM kucha eka putroM kA ullekha hai / abhayakumAra ko nartakI rAnI padmAvatI kA putra batAyA gayA hai / " ambapAlI gaNikA se utpanna bimbisAra kA eka putra vimala koDaJJa thA, jo Age cala kara bauddha bhikSu huA / bimbisAra ke eka anya putra sIlavA ( zIlavat ) ne bhI bhikSu banakara arhat pada prApta kiyA thaa| bimbisAra ke eka putra kA nAma jayasena thA / * jaina parasparA meM kUNika ke atirikta bahuta sAre rAjakumAroM kA vyavasthita varNana milatA hai / aNuttarovavAiya meM 10 rAjakumAroM kA varNana AyA hai| unake nAma haiM - 1. jAlI, 2. mayAlI, 3. uvayAlI, 4 purimaseNa, 5. vAriseNa, 6. dihRdanta, 7. laTThadanta, . 8. . vehalla, 6. vehAyasa aura 10. abhayakumAra / inameM se prathama 7 dhAriNI ke putra the, ve halla aura vehAyasa celaNA ke tathA abhayakumAra nandA kii| usI Agama meM prasaMgAntara se 13 rAjakumAroM ke nimnokta nAma batAye gaye haiM1. dIhaseNa, 2. mahAseNa, 3. laTThadanta, 4. gUr3hadanta, 5. zuddhadanta, 6 . halla, 7. duma, 8. dumaseNa, 6. mahAdumaseNa, 10. sIha, 11. sIhaseNa 10 mahAsI haseNa aura 13. puNNaseNa / niriyAvalikA meM kAlI, sukAlI Adi rAniyoM se nimnokta dasa rAjakumAra mAne gaye haiM - 1. kAlakumAra, 2. sukAlakumAra, 3. mahAkAlakumAra, 4. kaNhakumAra, 5. sukaNhakumAra, 6. mahAkaNhakumAra, 7 vIrakaNhakumAra, 8. ramikaNhakumAra, 6. seNakaNhakumAra aura 10. mahAseNakaNhakumAra / meghakumAra, nandIsena, ye do rAjaputra jaina paramparA meM bahuta prasiddha rahe haiM / jaina AgamoM meM ukta rAjaputroM kA nAmagrAha ullekha mAtra hI nahI ; yathAsthAna ina sabakA vyavasthita jIvana-vRtta bhI hai| inameM se kAlakumAra Adi dasa mahAzilAkaNTaka saMgrAma meM mare haiM aura zeSa sabhI ne dIkSA grahaNa kI hai / ajAtazatru kUNika zreNika kI taraha kUNika ( ajAtazatru) kA bhI dono paramparAoM meM samAna sthAna hai / donoM hI paramparAe~ use apanA-apanA anuyAyI maantii| aura isake lie donoM ke pAsa 1. therI gAthA 31-32 / 2. thera gAthA - aTThakathA, 64 / 3. thera gAthA, 608-616 / 4. majjhimanikAya - aTThakathA, 2,632 / 5. navaraM satta ghAriNIsuA, vehalla vehAsA cellaNAo, abhayassa NANattaM rAyagihe nayare seNiye rAyA nandA devI / 2010_05 - - anuttarovavAiya, vargaM 1

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 apane-apane AdhAra haiM / bauddha paramparA ke anusAra sAmaJJAphala sutta kA samparka buddha aura ajAtazatru kA prathama- prathama milana thA / usI meM vaha buddha, dharma aura saMgha kA zaraNAgata upAsaka huA / " buddha ke prati ajAtazatru kI bhakti kA anya udAharaNa unakI asthiyoM para eka mahAn stUpa banavAnA hai / buddha ke mazmAvazeSa jaba bAMTe jAne lage, usa samaya ajAtazatru ne bhI kuzInArA ke malloM se kahalAyA - "buddha bhI kSatriya the, maiM bhI kSatriya hU~ / avazeSoM kA eka bhAga mujhe avazya milanA caahie|" droNa vipra ke parAmarza para use eka asthi-bhAga milA aura usa para usane stUpa banAyA / " 288 sAmaJJaphala sutta meM ajAtazatru kArtika pUrNimA kI rAta ko apane rAja vaidya jIvaka kaumArabhRtya se buddha kA paricaya pAtA hai aura pA~ca sau hAthiyoM para pA~ca sau rAniyoM ko lie usI rAta meM buddha kA sAkSAt karatA hai / mahAvIra se usakA prathama sAkSAt kaba hotA hai, yaha kahanA kaThina hai / unake jitane sAkSAt unase milate haiM, ve cira paricaya aura ananya bhakti ke hI sUcaka milate / prathama upAGga uvavAI Agama mukhyataH mahAvIra aura kUNika ke sambandhoM para hI prakAza DAlatA hai| campA nagarI aura kUNika kI rAjya sthiti kA bhI vahA~ sundara citraNa hai / kUNika ko mahAvIra ke prati bhakti ke viSaya meM vahA~ batAyA gayA hai-- usake eka pravRtti-vAdaka puruSa thA / vaha mahAn AjIvikA pAtA thA / usakA kArya thA, mahAvIra kI pratidina kI pravRtti se use avagata karate rhnaa| usake nIce anekoM karmakara rahate the / ve bhI AjIvikA pAte the| unake mAdhyama se mahAvIra ke pratidina ke samAcAra usa pravRtti-vAduka puruSa ko milate aura vaha unheM kUNika ko batAtA / 3 mahAvIra ke campA Agamana aura kUNika ke bhakti - nidarzana kA vivaraNa ubavAI suta meM bahuta hI vizada aura preraka hai / sAmaJJaphala sutta kI taraha vaha bhI yadi gaveSakoM kI samIkSA kA viSaya banA hotA, to utanA hI mahattva usakA banatA / sthiti yaha hai ki jitanI zodha- khola aba taka tripiTakoM para huI hai, utanI AgamoM para nahIM / yadi aisA huA hotA to anekoM mahattvapUrNa viSayoM para nirNAyaka prakAza par3atA / ajAtazatru kUNika ke viSaya meM mI jitanI avagati Agama dete haiM, utanI tripiTaka nahIM / mahAvIra ke Agamana kA sandeza mahAvIra aura kUNika kA yaha samparka campA nagarI meM hotA hai - mahAvIra grAmAnugrAma vihAra karate 14 sahasra bhikSu 36 sahasra bhikSuNiyoM ke parivAra se campA nagarI ke upanagara meM Aye / pravRtti-vAdaka puruSa yaha saMvAda pA, Anandita huA, praphullita huA / snAna kara maMgala vastra pahane, alpa bhAra yukta tathA bahuta mUlya yukta AbhUSaNa phne| ghara se nikalA / campA nagarI 1. esAhaM, bhante, bhagavantaM saraNaM gacchAmi dhammaM ca bhikkhu saMgha ca / upAsakaM maM bhagavA dhAtu ajjatagge pANupetaM saraNaM gataM / 2. buddhacaryA, pR0 506 / 3. tassa NaM koNiassa raNNo ekke purise viulakaya-vittie bhagavao pavittivAue, bhagavao taddevasiaM paviti Niveei / tassa NaM purisassa bahave aNNe purisA diNNabhati- bhatta-veaNA bhagavao pavittivAuA bhagavao taddevasiaM pavitti nivedeti / -- uvavAI sutta su0, 8 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] anuyAyI rAjA 286 ke madhya hotA huA bhaMbhasAra-putra kUNika kI rAjasabhA meM aayaa| jaya-vijaya zabda se vardhApanA kI aura bolA--"devAnupriya ! Apa jinake darzana cAhate haiM, jinake darzana Apake lie pathya haiM, jinake nAma-gotra Adi ke zravaNa se hI Apa hRSTa-tuSTa hote haiM, ve zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra grAmAnugrAma vicarate hue kramazaH campA nagarI ke upanagara meM Aye haiM aura campA nagarI ke pUrNabhadra caitya meM Ane vAle haiM / yaha saMvAda Apake lie priya ho|" bhaMbhasAra-putra kUNika usa pravRtti-nivedaka se yaha saMvAda sunakara atyanta harSita huaa| usake netra aura mukha vikasita ho gaye / vaha zIghratA se rAja-siMhAsana chor3a kara uThA, pAdukAe~ kholiiN| pAMcoM rAja-cihna dUra kiye| eka sATika uttarAsaMga kiyaa| aMjalibaddha hokara sAtaATha kadama mahAvIra kI dizA meM Age gyaa| bA~ye paira ko saMkucita kiyaa| dA~ye para ko saMkoca kara dharatI para rkhaa| mastaka ko tIna bAra dharaNI-tala para lgaayaa| phira thor3A-sA Upara uTha kara hAtha jodd'e| aMjali ko mastaka para lagA kara NamotthuNaM se abhivAdana karate hae bolA-'zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra jo Adikara haiM, tIrthaMkara haiM. yAvat siddha gati ke abhilASuka haiN| mere dharmopadezaka aura dharmAcArya haiM, unheM merA namaskAra ho / yahA~ se maiM tatrastha bhagavAn kA vandana karatA huuN| bhagavAn vahIM se mujhe dekhate haiM / 2 / / vandana-namaskAra kara rAjA punaH siMhAsanArUr3ha huaa| usane pravRtti-vAduka puruSa ko eka aSTa sahasra rajata mudrAoM kA 'prItidAna' diyA aura kahA-'bhagavAn mahAvIra jaba campA ke pUrNabhadra caitya meM padhAreM, taba mujhe punaH sUcanA denaa|" mahAvIra kA campA-Agamana sahana kiraNoM se suzobhita sUrya AkAza meM udita huaa| prabhAta ke usa manorama vAtAvaraNa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra jahA~ campA nagarI thI, pUrNabhadra caitya thA, vahA~ padhAre / yathArUpa sthAna grahaNa kara saMyama aura tapa se AtmA ko bhAvita karate hue vicarane lge| campA nagarI ke zrRMgATakoM aura catuSkoM para sarvatra yahI carcA thI-"zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra yahAM Aye haiM, parNabhadra caitya meM Thahare haiM; unake nAma-gotra ke zravaNa se hI mahAphala hotA hai| unake sAkSAt darzana kI to bAta hI kyA ? devAnupriyo ! calo, hama saba bhagavAn mahAvIra ko vandana-namaskAra kreN| vaha hamAre isa loka aura AgAmI loka ke lie hitakara aura sukhakara hogaa|" tadantara lokoM ne snAna kiyA, vastrAbhUSaNoM se susajjita hue tathA mAlAe~ dhAraNa kii| kacha ghor3oM para, kucha hAthiyoM para va kucha zivikAoM meM ArUr3ha hokara tathA aneka janavRnda pedala hI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke darzanArtha cle| pravRtti-vAduka puruSa ne kUNika ko yaha harSa-saMvAda sunaayaa| rAjA ne sAr3he bAraha lAkha 1. khaDga, chatra, mukuTa, upAnat aura caamr| 2. Namo'tthuNaM samaNassa bhagavo mahAvIrassa Adigarassa titthagarassa.."jAva saMpAviu kAmassa mama ghammAyariyassa dhmmovdesgss| vaMdAmi NaM bhagavantaM tathagayaM raihagae, pAsai me (me se) bhagavaM tatthagae ihagayaM tikaTTha vaMdaha NamaMsai / -uvavAI sutta, sU0 12 2010_05

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260 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 rajata-mudrAoM kA 'prItidAna' diyaa| taba maMbhasAra-putra kUNika ne balavyApta puruSa (senAdhikArI) ko bulAyA aura kahA-"hastiratna ko sajA kara taiyAra kro| caturaMginI senA ko taiyAra kro| subhadrA Adi rAniyoM ke lie rathoM ko taiyAra kro| campA nagarI ko bAhara aura bhItara se svaccha kro| galiyoM aura rAjamArgoM ko sjaao| darzakoM ke lie sthAnasthAna para maMca taiyAra karo / maiM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI abhivandanA ke lie jaauuNgaa|" rAjA ke AdezAnasAra saba taiyAriyAM haiN| rAjA hastiratna hAthI para savAra haa| subhadrA prabhRti rAniyA~ rathoM para savAra huii| isa prakAra caturaMginI senA ke mahAn vaibhava ke sAtha rAjA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke darzanArtha claa| campA nagarI ke madhya-bhAga se hotA huA pUrNabhadra caitya ke samIpa AyA / zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke chatra Adi tIrthaMkara-atizaya dUra se dekhe / vahIM usane hastiratna chor3a diyaa| pAMco rAjacihna chor3a diye / vahA~ se vaha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sammukha aayaa| paMca abhigamana kara bhagavAna mahAvIra ko vandana-namaskAra kiyaa| vandana-namaskAra kara mAnasikI, vAcikI aura kAyikI upAsanA karane lgaa| mahAvIra kA upadeza bhagavAn mahAvIra ne upasthita pariSad ko ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM dezanA dI, jisameM batAyA-"loka hai, aloka hai| isI prakAra jIva, ajIva, bandha, mokSa, puNya, pApa, pAzrava, saMvara, vedanA, nirjarA.. Adi haiN| prANAtipAta, mRSAvAda adattAdAna, maithuna, parigraha, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha... Adi haiN| prANAtipAta-viramaNamRSAvAda-viramaNa, adattAdAna-viramaNa maithuna-viramaNa, parigraha-viramaNa, yAvat mithyAdarzana zalyaviveka haiN| sabhI astibhAva asti meM haiM. sabhI nAsti bhAva nAsti meM haiN| sucIrNa karma kA sucIrNa phala hotA hai, duzcIrNa karma kA duzcIrNa phala hotA hai / jIva puNya-pApa kA sparza karate haiN| jIva janma-maraNa karate haiN| puNya aura pApa saphala haiN| dharma do prakAra kA hai-AgAra dharma aura anagAra dharma / anagAra dharma kA tAtparya hai-sarvataH sarvAramanA muNDa hokara gRhAvasthA se agRhAvasthA meM cale jAnA arthAt prANAtipAta Adi se sarvathA viramaNa / anagAra dharma bAraha prakAra kA hai--pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata va cAra zikSAvrata / 14 1. mUla prakaraNa meM 'rajata' zabda nahIM hai, para, paramparA se aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki cakravartI kA prItidAna sAr3he bAraha koTi svarNa-mudrAoM kA hotA hai| vAsudeva kA prItidAna sAr3he bAraha koTi rajata-mudrAoM kA hotA hai tathA mANDalika rAjAoM kA prItidAna sAr3he bAraha lakSa rajata-mudrAoM kA hotA hai| -uvavAI (hindI anuvAda), pR0 133 2. kUNika rAjA ke vaibhava, ADambara aura abhiyAna-vyavasthA ke vistRta varNana ke lie draSTavya-uvavAI sutta sU0 28-31 / 3. vandanArtha jAne kI yahI varNana-zailI Age calakara bauddhoM ne bhI apanAI, aisA lagatA hai| mahAyAnI paramparA ke mahAvastu grantha meM buddha ke vandanArtha jAte rAjA bimbisAra kA ThIka aisA hI varNana kiyA hai| ( Mahavastu, Tr. by J. J.Jones, vol. III, pp. 442-3.) 4. vistRta vivecana ke lie draSTavya-upAsakadasAMga sUtra, a01| ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] anuyAyI rAjA 261 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra se dharma kA zravaNa kara pariSad utthii| maMbhasAra-putra kUNika bhI uThA / vandana-namaskAra kara bolA-"bhante ! ApakA nirgrantha-pravacana su-AkhyAta hai, suprajJapta hai, subhASita hai, suvinIta hai, subhAvita hai, anuttara hai| Apane dharma ko kahate hue upazama ko kahA, upazama ko kahate hue viveka ko kahA, viveka ko kahate hue viramaNa ko kahA, viramaNa ko kahate hue pApakramoM ke akaraNa ko kahA / anya koI zramaNa yA brAhmaNa nahIM hai, jo aisA dharma kaha ske| isase adhika kI to bAta hI kyA ?"1 rAjA jisa dizA se AyA thA, usa dizA se vApisa gyaa| jaina yA bauddha? __ sAmaMtraphala sutta aura isa uvavAI prakaraNa ko tulanA kI dRSTi se dekhA jAye to uvavAI-prakaraNa bahuta gaharA par3a jAtA hai : sAmaMJaphala sutta meM ajAtazatru ke buddhAnuyAyI hone meM kevala yahI paMkti pramANabhUta hai ki "Aja se bhagavAn mujhe aMjalibaddha zaraNAgata upAsaka smjhe|" uvavAI-prakaraNa meM pravRtti-vAduka puruSa kI niyukti, siMhAsana se abhyutthAna, NamotthuNaM se abhivandana, bhakti sUcaka sAkSAtkAra Adi usake mahAvIrAnuyAyI hone ke jvalanta pramANa haiN| ina zabdoM se ki "jaisA dharma Apane kahA, vaisA koI bhI zramaNa yA brAhmaNa kahane vAlA nahIM hai", usakI nirgrantha dharma ke prati pUrNa AsthA vyakta hotI hai| lagatA hai, buddha ke prati ajAtazatru kA samarpaNa mAtra aupacArika thaa| mUlata: vaha buddha kA anuyAyI banA ho, aisA pratIta nahIM hotaa| buddha se jahAM usane eka hI bAra sAkSAt kiyA, vahAM mahAvIra se aneka bAra sAkSAt karatA hI rahA hai| yahAM taka ki mahAvIra-nirvANa ke pazcAt mahAvIra ke uttarAdhikArI sudharmA kI dharma-pariSad meM bhI vaha upasthita hotA hai| DA0 smitha kA kahanA hai- 'bauddha aura jaina donoM hI ajAtazatru ko apanA-apanA anuyAyI hone kA dAvA karate haiM, para lagatA hai, jainoM kA dAvA adhika AdhAra-yukta hai|" DA0 rAdhAmukanda mukharjI ke anusAra bhI mahAvIra aura baddha kI vartamAnatA meM to ajAtazatru mahAvIra kA hI anuyAyI thaa| unhoMne yaha bhI likhA hai-"jaisA prAyaH dekhA 1. Natthi NaM aNNe kei samaNe vA mAhaNevA je erisaM dhamma-mAikkhinttae / kimaMga puNa etto uttarataraM? -aupapAtika sUtra, sU0 25 2. opapAtika sUtra, sU0 34-37 ke AdhAra se| 3. Buddhist India, p. 88 4. ThANAMga vRtti, sthA04, u0 3 / 5. NAyAdhammakahAo sU0 1-5; pariziSTa parva, sarga 4, zlo0 15-54 / EUR. Both buddhists and Jains claimed him as one of themselves. The Jian claim appears to be well-founded. -Oxford History of India, by V.A. Smith Second Edition, Oxford, 1923, p. 51. 7. hindU sabhyatA, pR0 190-1 / 2010_05

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262 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 jAtA hai, jaina ajAtazatru aura udAyibhadda donoM ko acche caritra kA batalAte haiM; kyoMki donoM jaina dharma ko mAnane vAle the| yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddha-granthoM meM unake caritra para kAlikha potI gaI hai|" ajAtazatru ke buddhAnuyAyI na hone meM aura bhI aneka nimitta haiM-devadatta ke sAtha ghaniSThatA, jabaki devadatta buddha kA vidrohI ziSya thA; vajjiyoM se zatrutA, jabaki vajjI buddha ke atyanta kRpA-pAtra the; prasenajit se yuddha, jabaki prasenajit buddha kA parama bhakta evaM anuyAyI thaa| bauddha-paramparA use pitR-hataka ke rUpa meM dekhatI hai, jabaki jaina paramparA apane kRtya ke prati anutApa kara lene para use apane pitA kA vinIta kaha detI hai| ye samullekha bhI donoM paramparAoM ke kramazaH dUratva aura sAmIpya ke sUcaka haiM / ajAtazatru ke prati buddha ke mana meM anAdara kA bhAva thA, vaha isa bAta se bhI pratIta hotA hai ki zrAmaNya-phala kI carcA ke pazcAt ajAtazatru ke cale jAne para buddha bhikSuoM ko sambodhita kara kahate haiM- isa rAjA kA saMskAra acchA nahIM rhaa| yaha rAjA abhAgA hai| yadi yaha rAjA apane dharma-rAja pitA kI hatyA na karatA, to Aja ise isI Asana para baiThebaiThe viraja, nirmala, dharma-cakSu utpanna ho jaataa|"4 devadatta ke prasaMga meM bhI buddha ne kahA"bhikSuo! magadharAja ajAtazatru, jo bhI pApa haiM, unake mitra haiM, unase prema karate haiM aura unase saMsarga rakhate haiN|"5 eka bAra buddha rAja-prAsAda meM bimbisAra ko dharmopadeza kara rahe the| zizu ajAtazatru bimbisAra kI goda meM thaa| bimbisAra kA dhyAna buddha ke upadeza meM na laga kara, punaH-punaH ajAtazatru ke dulAra meM laga rahA thaa| buddha ne taba rAjA kA dhyAna apanI ora khiiNcaa| eka kathA sunAI, jisakA hArda thA; tuma isake moha meM itane baMdhe ho, yahI tumhArA ghAtaka hogaa|6 vajjiyoM kI vijaya ke liye ajAtazatru ne apane maMtrI vassakAra ko buddha ke pAsa bhejaa| vijaya kA rahasya pAne ke lie sacamuca vaha eka SaDyantra hI thaa| ajAtazatru buddha kA anuyAyI hotA to isa prakAra kA chadma kaise khelatA? ___ kahA jAtA hai, mauggallAna ke vadhaka 500 nigaNThoM kA vadha ajAtazatru ne krvaayaa| isase usakI bauddha dharma ke prati dRr3hatA vyakta hotI hai; para, yaha ullakha aTTakathA kA hai ; ataH eka kiMvadantI mAtra se adhika isakA koI mahattva nahIM hotaa| 1. hindU samyaga, pR0 264 / 2. dIgha nikAya, sAmaJaphala sutta, pR0 32 / 3. uvavAI sUtra (hindI anuvAda), pR0 26; senaprazna, tRtIya ullAsa, prazna 237 / 4. dIgha nikAya, sAmaJaphala sutta, pR0 32 / 5. vinaya piTaka, cullavagga, saMghabhedaka khndhk,7| 6. jAtaka aTThakathA, thusa jAtaka, saM0 338 / 7. dhammapada-aTThakathA, 10-7 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA anuyAyI rAjA 263 aTrakathAoM ke aura bhI kucha ullakha haiN| jaise-'buddha kI mRtyu kA saMvAda ajAtazatru ko kauna sunAye, kaise sunAye ?' amAtyavarga meM yaha prazna uThA / sabane socA, rAjA ke hRdaya para AghAta na lage, isa prakAra se yaha saMvAda sunAyA jaaye| maMtriyoM ne duHsvapna-phala ke nivAraNa kA bahAnA kara 'catu-madhura' snAna kI vyavasthA kii| usa Anandaprada vAtAvaraNa meM unhoMne baddha ke nirvANa kA saMvAda ajAtazatru ko sunaayaa| phira bhI saMvAda sunate hI ajAtazatru mUcchita ho gyaa| do bAra punaH 'catura-madhura' snAna karAyA gyaa| taba usakI mUrchA TUTI aura usane gaharA duHkha vyakta kiyaa|' eka paramparA yaha bhI kahatI hai --mantrI vassakAra ne janma se nirvANa taka buddha kI citrAvalI dikhAkara ajAtazatru ko buddha kI mRtyu se jJApita kiyaa| isa ghaTanA se buddha ke prati rahI ajAta zatru kI bhakti kA nidarzana milatA hai| bahuta uttarakAlika hone se yaha koI pramANabhUta AdhAra nahIM bntaa| devadatta ke ziSya miNDikA-putra upaka ne buddha se carcA kii| ajAtazatru ke pAsa AyA aura baddha kI gardA karane lgaa| para, ajAtazatru krodhita huA aura use cale jAne ke li khaa| aTThakathAkAra ne itanA aura jor3a diyA hai ki ajAtazatru ne apane karmakaroM se use galahatthA dekara niklvaayaa| isa prasaMga se bhI ajAtazatru kA anuyAyitva siddha nahIM hotaa| aziSTatA se carcA karane vAloM ko tathA mukhara gardA karane vAloM ko hara buddhimAn vyakti TokatA hI hai| yadi upaka ajAtazatru ko buddha kA dRr3ha anuyAyI mAnatA, to apanI bItI sunAne vahA~ jAtA hI kyoM ? apane guru devadatta kA hitaiSI samajha kara hI usane aisA kiyA hogaa| uttaravartI sAhitya meM kucha prasaMga aise bhI milate haiM, jo bauddha dharma ke prati ajAtazatru kA vidveSa vyakta karate haiM / avadAnazataka ke anusAra rAjA bimbisAra ne buddha kI vartamAnatA meM hI buddha ke nakha aura kezoM para eka stUpa apane rAjamahala meM banavAyA thaa| rAjamahala kI striyA~ dhUpa, dIpa aura phUloM se usakI pUjA karatI thiiN| ajAtazatru ne siMhAsanArUr3ha hote hI pUjA banda karane kA Adeza diyaa| zrImatI nAmaka eka strI ne phira bhI pUjA kI, to use mRtyu-daNDa diyA / theragAthA-aTThakathA ke anusAra ajAtazatru ne apane anuja sIlavat bhikSu ko maravAne kA bhI prayatna kiyaa| ukta udAharaNa ajAtazatru ko bauddha dharma kA anuyAyI siddhana kara, pratyut virodhI siddha karate haiM; para inakA bhI koI AdhArabhUta mahattva nahIM hai| bauddha sAhitya ke marmajJa rAIsa DeviDasa bhI spaSTataH likhate haiM "bAtacIta ke anta meM ajAtazatru ne buddha ko spaSTatayA apanA mArga-darzaka svIkAra kiyA aura pitR-hatyA kA pazcAttApa vyakta kiyaa| kintu, yaha asaMdigdhatayA vyakta kiyA gayA hai ki usakA dharma-parivartana nahIM kiyA gyaa| isa viSaya meM eka bhI pramANa nahIM hai ki usa hRdayasparzI prasaMga ke pazcAt bhI vaha 1. dhammapada-aTThakathA, khaNDa 2,605-6 / 2. Ency lopaedia of Buddhism, p. 320. 3. aMguttara nikAya, 4-8-188 / 4. Encyclopaedia of Buddhism, p. 319. 5. avadAnazataka, 54 / 6. theragAthA-aTThakathA, gAthA, 606-16 / ____ 2010_05

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264 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 buddha kI mAnyatAoM kA anusaraNa karatA rahA ho / jahAM taka maiM jAna pAyA hUM' usake bAda usane buddha ke athavA bauddha saMgha ke anya kisI bhikSu ke na to kabhI darzana kie aura na unake sA dharma-carcA hI kI aura na mere dhyAna meM yaha bhI AtA hai ki usane baddha ke jIvana-kAla meM bhikSa saMgha ko kabhI Arthika sahayoga bhI kiyA ho| "itanA to avazya milatA hai ki buddha-nirvANa ke pazcAta usane buddha kI asthiyoM kI , vaha bhI yaha kahakara ki 'maiM bhI buddha kI taraha eka kSatriya hI haiM aura una asthiyoM para phira usane eka stapa bnvaayaa| dUsarI bAta-uttaravartI grantha yaha batAte haiM ki baddhanirvANa ke tatkAla bAda hI jaba rAjagRha meM prathama saMgIti huI, taba ajAtazatru ne saptaparNI guphA ke dvAra para eka sabhA-bhavana banavAyA thA, jahAM bauddha piTakoM kA saMkalana huaa| para, isa bAta kA bauddha dharma ke prAcInatama aura maulika zAstroM meM lezamAtra bhI ullekha nahIM hai| isa prakAra bahuta sambhava hai ki usane bauddha dharma ko binA svIkAra kiye hI usake prati sahAnubhUti dikhAI ho| yaha saba usane kevala bhAratIya rAjAoM kI usa prAcIna paramparA ke anusAra hI kiyA ho ki saba dharmoM kA saMrakSaNa rAjA kA kartavya hotA hai|" dohada aura janma kuNika ke janma aura pitR-droha kA varNana donoM hI paramparAoM meM bahuta kucha samAna rUpa se milatA hai| jaina Agama nirayAvaliyA aura bauddha piTaka dogha nikAya-aTThakathA meM etad viSayaka varNana milatA hai / donoM hI paramparAoM ke anusAra isake pitA kA nAma zreNika (bimbisAra) hai| mAtA kA nAma jaina paramparA ke anusAra celaNA tathA bauddha paramparA ke anasAra kauzala devI thaa| mAtA ne garbhAdhAna ke avasara para siMha kA svapna dekhaa| bauddha paramparA meM aisA ullekha nahIM hai / garbhAvasthA meM mAtA ko dohada utpanna huaa| jaina paramparA ke anusAra dohada thA-rAjA zreNika ke kaleje kA mAMsa tala kara, bhUna kara maiM khAU~ aura uuN| bauddha paramparA ke anusAra dohada thA-rAjA zreNika kI bAha kA rakta piiuuN| donoM hI paramparAoM ke anusAra rAjA ne dohada kI pUrti kii| jaina paramparA ke anusAra abhayakumAra ne aisA chadama racA ki rAjA ke kaleje kA mAMsa bhI na kATanA par3e aura rAnI ko yaha anabhava rahe ki rAjA ke kaleje kA mAMsa kATA jA rahA hai aura mujhe diyA jA rahA hai| bauddha paramparA ke anusAra vaidya ke dvArA bAhu kA rakta nikalavA kara dohada kI pUrti kii| dohadapUrti ke pazcAt rAnI isa ghaTanA-prasaMga se duHkhita hotI hai aura garbhastha bAlaka ko hI naSTabhraSTa karane kA prayatna karatI hai| bauddha paramparA ke anusAra vaha aisA isalie karatI hai ki jyotiSI use kaha dete haiM-yaha pitRhataka hogaa| jaina paramparA ke anusAra vaha svayaM hI soca letI hai ki jisane garbhastha hI pitA ke kaleje kA mAMsa mA~gA hai, na jAne janma lakara vaha kyA karegA? zreNika kA putra-prema janma ke anantara jaina paramparA ke anusAra celaNA use avakara para DalavA detI hai| 1. Buddhist India, pp. 15-16. ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA anuyAyI rAjA 265 vahA~ koI eka kurkuTa usakI kaniSTha aMgulI kATa letA hai / aMgulI se raktazrAva hone lagatA hai| rAjA zreNika isa ghaTanA kA patA calate hI putra-moha se vyAkula hokara vahA~ AtA hai, use uThA kara rAnI ke pAsa le jAtA hai aura rakta va mavAda cUsa-cUsa kara bAlaka kI aMgulI ko ThIka karatA hai| bauddha paramparA ke anusAra janmate hI rAjA ke karmakara bAlaka ko vahA~ se haTA lete haiM; isa bhaya se ki rAnI kahIM use maravA na ddaale| kAlAntara se ve use rAnI ko sauMpate haiM; taba putra-prema se rAnI bhI usameM anurakta ho jAtI hai| eka bAra ajAtazatru kI aMgulI meM eka phor3A ho gayA / vyAkulatA se rote bAlaka ko karmakara rAjasamA meM rAjA ke pAsa le gye| rAjA ne usa aMgulI ko muMha meM ddaalaa| phor3A phUTa gayA / putra-prema se rAjA ne vaha rakta aura mavAda ugalA nahIM, prayukta nigala gyaa| pitA ko kArAvAsa pitR-droha ke sambandha se jaina-paramparA kahatI hai, kUNika ke mana meM mahatvAkA~kSA udita huI aura anya bhAiyoM ko apane sAtha milA kara svayaM rAja-siMhAsana para baiThA tathA nigar3a. bandhana kara zreNika ko kArAvAsa meM DalavA diyaa| bauddha paramparA ke anusAra ajAtazatru devadatta kI preraNA se mahattvAkA~kSI banA aura usane apane pitA ko ghUma-gRha (loha-karma karane kA ghara) meM DalavA diyaa| pitA kA vaSa jaina paramparA ke anusAra kUNika kisI eka parva-dina para apanI mAtA celaNA ke pAsa pAda-nandana karane ke liye gyaa| mAtA ne usakA pAda-vandana svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| kAraNa pUchane para mAtA ne zreNika ke putra-prema kI ghaTanA sunAI aura use usa duSkRtya ke liye dhikkArA / kUNika ke mana meM bhI pitR-prema jgaa| apanI bhUla para anutApa huaa| tatkAla usane nigar3a kATane ke lie parazu hAtha meM uThAyA aura pitR-mocana ke liye cala pdd'aa| zreNika ne socA-"yaha mujhe mArane ke lie hI A rahA hai / acchA ho, apane Apa maiM prANAnta kara luuN|" usane tatkAla tAlapuTa viSa khA apanA prANa-viyojana kiyaa| bauddha paramparA meM batAyA gayA hai ki dhUma-gRha meM kozala devI ke sivAya anya kisI kA jAne kA Adeza nahIM thaa| ajAtazatru rAjA ko bhUkhA rakha kara mAranA cAhatA thA ; kyoMki devadaitta ne kahA thA-"pitA zastra-vadhya nahIM hotA; ataH use bhUkhA rakha kara hI maareN|" kozala devI milane ke bahAne utsaMga meM bhojana chipA kara le jAtI aura rAjA ko detii| ajAtazatru ko patA calA to usane karmakaroM ko kahA-merI mAtA ko utsaMga bAndha kara mata jAne do| taba vaha jUr3e meM chipA kara aisA karane lgii| usakA bhI niSedha huA, taba vaha svarNa-pAdukA meM chipA kara aisA karane lgii| usakA bhI niSedha hone para rAnI gandhodaka se snAna kara apane zarIra para cAra madhu kA avalopa kara rAjA ke pAsa jaatii| rAjA usake zarIra ko cATa-cATa kara kucha dina jIvita rahA / anta meM ajAtazatru ne mAtA ko dhUma-gRha meM jAne se roka diyaa| aba rAjA srotApatti ke sukha para jIne lgaa| ____ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa: 1 ajAtazatru ne jaba yaha dekhA ki rAjA mara hI nahIM rahA hai, taba usane nApita ko bulavAyA aura Adeza diyA- "mere pitA rAjA ke pairoM ko zastra se cIra kara una para nUna aura tela kA lepa karo aura khaira ke aMgAroM se unheM pakAo / " nApita ne vaisA hI kiyA aura rAjA mara gayA / anutApa zreNika kI mRtyu ke bAda kUNika kA anutApita honA donoM hI paramparAe~ batAtI haiM jaina paramparA ke anusAra to mAtA se putra prema kI bAta suna kara pitA kI mRtyu se pUrva hI kUNika ko anutApa ho cukA thA / rAjA kI Atma-hatyA ke pazcAt to vaha parazu se chinna campaka- vRkSa kI taraha bhUmitala para gira pdd'aa| muhUrttAntara se saceta huA / phUTa-phUTa kara royA aura kahane lagA - "aho ! maiM kitanA adhanya hU~, kitanA apuNya hU~, kitanA akRtapuNya hU~, kitanA duSkRta hU~ | maiMne apane deva-tulya pitA ko nigar3a-bandhana meM DAlA / mere hI nimitta se zreNika rAjA kAlagata huA / " isa zoka se abhibhUta hokara vaha kucha hI samaya pazcAt rAjagRha ko chor3a kara campArAnI meM nivAsa karane lagA / use hI magadha kI rAjadhAnI banA diyA / 26 bauddha paramparA ke anusAra jisa dina bimbasAra kI mRtyu huI, usI dina ajAtazatru ke putra utpanna huA / saMvAdavAhakoM ne putra janma kA likhita saMvAda ajAtazatru ke hAtha meM diyA / putra- prema se rAjA harSa-vibhora ho uThA / asthi aura majjA taka putra prema pariNata ho gayA / usake mana meM AyA, jaba maiMne janma liyA, taba rAjA zreNika ko bhI itanA hI to prema huA hogA / tatkSaNa usane karmakaroM ko kahA - "mere pitA ko bandhana- mukta karo / " saMvAdavAhakoM ne bimbisAra kI mRtyu kA patra bhI rAjA ke hAthoM meM de saMvAda par3hate hI vaha cIkha uThA aura daur3a kara mAtA ke pAsa AyA / mAtA se pUchA - "mere prati mere pitA kA sneha thA ?" mAtA ne vaha aMgulI ghUsane kI bAta ajAtazatru ko batAI / taba vaha aura bhI zoka-vihvala ho uThA aura apane kiye para anutApa karane lagA / diyA / pitA kI mRtyu kA jIvana-prasaMga : eka samIkSA dohada, aMgulI - braNa, kArAvAsa Adi ghaTanA-prasaMgoM ke bAhya nimitta kucha bhinna haiM, para, ghaTanA-prasaMga hArda kI dRSTi se donoM paramparAoM meM samAna haiN| eka hI kathA vastu kA do paramparAoM meM itanA-sA bheda asvAbhAvika nahIM hai / pratyeka bar3I ghaTanA apane vartamAna meM mI nAnA rUpoM meM pracalita ho jAyA karatI hai / nirayAvaliyA Agama kA racanA-kAla vikrama saMvat ke pUrva kA mAnA jAtA hai' tathA aTThakathAoM kA racanA-kAla vikrama saMvat kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI kA hai / 2 yaha bhI eka bhinnatA kA kAraNa hai| jisa-jisa paramparA meM anuzrutiyoM 1. paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, Agama yuga kA jaina darzana, pR0 26, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1666 2. dRSTavya, bhikSudharma rakSita, AcArya buddhaghoSa, pR0 7, mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, vArANasI, 1656 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] anuyAyI rAjA 267 se kathA-vastu kA jo bhI rUpaka A rahA thA, vaha zatAbdioM bAda va zatAbdioM ke antara se likhA gyaa| vagha-sambandhI samullekhoM se yaha to avazya vyakta hotA hai ki bauddha paramparA ajAtazatru kI krUratA suspaSTa kara denA cAhatI hai ; jabaki jaina paramparA use madhyama sthiti se rakhanA cAhatI hai / bauddha paramparA meM pairoM ko ciravAne, unameM namaka bharavAne aura agni se tapAne kA ullekha bahuta hI amAnavIya-sA lagatA hai| jaina paramparA meM zreNika ko kevala kArAvAsa milatA hai| bhUkhoM mArane Adi kI yAtanAe~ vahA~ nahIM haiN| mRtyu bhI usakI 'Atma-hatyA' ke rUpa meM hotI hai, jabaki bauddha paramparA ke anusAra ajAtazatru svayaM pitRvadhaka hotA hai / isa sabakA hetu bhI yahI ho sakatA hai ki kUNika jaina paramparA kA anuyAyI-vizeSa thaa| mAtR-paricaya donoM paramparAoM meM kUNika kI mAtA ke nAma bhinna-bhinna haiN| jAtaka ke anusAra kozala devI kozala deza ke rAjA mahAkozala kI putrI arthAt kozala-nareza prasenajit kI bahina thii| vivAha-prasaMga para kAzI deza kA eka grAma use daheja meM diyA gayA thaa| bimbisAra ke vadha se prasenajit ne vaha grAma vApasa le liyaa| lar3AI huI, eka bAra hArane ke pazcAt prasenajit kI vijaya huii| bhAnajA samajha kara usane ajAtazatru ko jIvita chor3A, sandhi kI tathA apanI putrI vajirA kA usake sAtha vivAha kiyaa| vahI grAma puna: use kanyA-dAna meM de diyaa| saMyutta nikAya ke isa varNana meM ajAtazatru ko prasenajit kA bhAnajA bhI kahA hai aura 'vaidehI putta' bhI kahA hai| ina donoM nAmoM meM koI saMgati nahIM hai / buddha ghoSa ne yahA~ 'vaidehI' kA artha 'videha deza kI rAja-kanyA' na kara 'paNDitA' kiyA hai| yathArthatA yaha hai ki jaina paramparA meM kathita celaNA vaizAlI gaNatantra ke pramukha ceTaka kI kanyA hone se "vaidehI' thii| prasenajit kI bahina kozala devI ajAtazatru kI koI eka vimAtA ho sakatI hai / tibbatI-paramparA tathA amitAyuAna sUtra ke anusAra ajAtazatru kI mAtA kA nAma 'vaidehI vAsavI' thA aura usakA vaidehI hone kA kAraNa bhI yahI mAnA gayA hai ki vaha videha deza kI rAjya-kanyA thii| 'videha' zabda kA prayoga tathArUpa se anyatra bhI bahulatA se milatA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ko videha videhadinne vivehajacce kahA gayA hai| mahAvIra svayaM videha 1. Jataka, Ed. By Fausboll, vol. III, p. 121. 2. jAtaka-aTThakathA, saM0 246, 283 / 3. saMyutta nikAya, 3-2-4 / 4. vedehiputto ti vedehIti paNDitAdhivacanaM etaM, paNDitithiyA putto ti attho| -saMyutta nikAya, aTThakathA, 1, 120 / 5. Rockhill : Life of Buddha p. 63. 6. S. B. E., vol. XLIX, p. 166. 7. Rockhill: Liafo Buddha p.63 8. kappasutta, 110 / 2010_05

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268 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 deza meM utpanna hue the, isaliye vaideha; unakI mAtA bhI videha deza meM utpanna thI, isalie videhadattAtmaja aura videhoM meM zreSTha the, isaliye videhajAtyaH kahe gaye haiM / ' mahAkavi bhAsa ne apane nATaka svapnavAsavadattA meM rAjA udAyana ko 'videhaputra' kahA haiM; kyoMki usakI mAtA videha deza kI rAja-kanyA thI / jaina paramparA ke anusAra cellaNA aura udAyana kI mAtA mRgAvatI sagI bahineM thiiN| ve vaizAlI ke rAjA ceTaka kI kanyAe~ thIM / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mAtA trizalA ceTaka kI bahina thii| ataH videhadinna yA videhaputta Adi vizeSaNa bahuta hI sahaja aura buddhigamya haiM / jaina AgamoM meM bhI to kUNika ko videhaputta kahA gayA hai| rAIsa DeviDsa ke matAnusAra bhI rAjA bimbisAra ke do rAniyA~ thIM - eka prasenajit kI bahina kozala devI tathA dUsarI videh- kanyA / ajAtazatru videha - kanyA kA putra thA / 6 rAjA bimbisAra jaba dhUma gRha meM thA, paricArikA rAnI kozalA thA, yaha aTThakathA batAtI hai / insAyaklopIDiyA oNpha buddhijma meM paricArikA rAnI kA nAma khemA batAyA gayA hai aura use kozala deza kI rAja kanyA bhI kahA hai| para, yaha spaSTataH bhUla hI pratIta hotI hai / khemA vastutaH madra deza kI thii| lagatA hai, kozala devI ke badale khemA kA nAma de diyA gayA hai / amitAyurdhyAna sUtta tathA tibbatI-paramparA ke anusAra paricArikA rAnI kA nAma 'vaidehI vAsavI' thaa| DaoN0 rAdhAkumuda mukharjI kahate haiM -- "vaidehI vAsavI kI pahicAna celaNA se kI jA sakatI hai|" " bauddha paramparA kI ina vividhatAoM meM bhI isase pare kI bAta nahIM nikalatI ki ajAtazatru videha - rAja kanyA kA putra thA aura isIlie vaha 'vaidehIputta' kahalAtA thA / na jAne AcArya buddhaghoSa ko kyoM yaha bhrama rahA ki 'vaidehI' nAma 'paNDitA' kA hai aura ajAtazatru kozala deza kI rAja- kanyA kozalA kA putra thA / nAma-bheda jaina aura bauddha donoM paramparAoM meM nAma-bheda hai / jaina paramparA jahAM use sarvatra 'kUNika' kahatI hai, vahA~ bauddha paramparA use sarvatra 'ajAtazatru' kahatI hai / upaniSad " aura 1. S. B. E., vol. XXII; p. 256; vasantakumAra caTTopAdhyAya, kalpasUtra ( baMgalA anuvAda), pR 27 / 2. hindU sabhyatA, pR0 168 / 3. Avazyaka cUrNi, bhAga 2, patra 164 | 4. vahI, bhAga 1, patra 254 / 5. bhagavatI sUtra, zataka 7, uddezaka 6, pR0 576 / 6. Buddhist India, p. 3. Encyclopaedia of Buddhism, P. 316. 7. 8. therIgAthA, aTThakathA, 136-43 / 6. Rockhill : Life of Buddha, P. 63. 10. hindU sabhyatA, pR0 183 / 11. Dialogues of Buddha, vol II. P. 78. 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA anuyAyI rAjA 264 purANoM meM bhI ajAtazatru nAma vyavahRta huA hai| vastusthiti yaha hai ki kUNika mUla nAma hai aura ajAtazatra usakA eka vizeSaNa (epithet) | kabhI-kabhI upAdhi yA vizeSaNa mala nAma se bhI adhika pracalita ho jAte haiN| jaise-vardhamAna mUla nAma hai, mahAvIra vizeSatA-paraka ; para, vyavahAra meM 'mahAvIra' hI saba kucha bana gayA hai / bhAratavarSa ke sAmAnya itihAsa meM kevala ajAtazatru nAma hI pracalita hai| mathurA saMgrahAlaya ke eka zilAlekha meM 'ajAtazatru kUNika' likhA gayA hai / vastutaH isakA pUrA nAma yahI honA caahie| navIna sAhitya meM 'ajAtazatru kUNika' zabda kA hI prayoga kiyA jAye, yaha adhika yathArthatA bodhaka hogaa| _ 'ajAtazatru' zabda ke do artha kiye jAte haiM-na jAtaH zatruryasya arthAt 'jisakA zatru janmA hI nahIM, aura ajAto'pi zatruH arthAt 'janma se pUrva hI (pitA kA) shtru'| dUsarA artha AcArya buddhaghoSa kA hai aura vaha apane Apa meM saMgata bhI hai, para, yaha yukti-purassara hai aura pahalA artha sahaja hai| kUNika bahuta hI zauryazIla aura pratApI nareza thaa| anekoM durjaya zatruoM ko usane jItA thA; ata: ajAtazatru vizeSaNa gardA kA dyotaka na hokara usake zaurya kA dyotaka adhika pratIta hotA hai| kUNika' nAma 'kUNi' zabda se banA hai| 'kUNi' kA artha hai-aMgulI kA ghAva / 'kUNika' kA artha huA-aMgulI ke dhAva vAlA / AcArya hemacandra kahate haiM : rUDhavaNApi sA tasya kUNitA'bhavadaMguliH / tataH sapA~zuramaNaH so'bhyazcIyata kUNikA / / Avazyaka cUrNi meM kUNika ko 'azoka candra' bhI kahA gayA haiM para, yaha virala prayoga mahAzilAkaMTaka-yuddha aura vajjI-vijaya ajAtazatru ke jIvana kA eka aitihAsika ghaTanA-prasaMga jaina zabdoM meM 'mahAzilAkaMTakayuddha' tathA bauddha zabdoM meM 'vajjI-vijaya' rahA hai| donoM paramparAoM meM yuddha ke kAraNa, yuddha kI prakriyA aura yuddha kI niSpatti bhinna-bhinna prakAra se milatI hai ; para, isakA satya eka hai ki vaizAlI gaNatantra para vaha magadha kI aitihAsika vijaya thii| isa yuddha-kAla meM mahAvIra aura buddha; donoM vartamAna the| donoM ne hI yuddha-viSayaka praznoM ke uttara diye haiN| donoM hI 1. vAyupurANa, a0 66, zlo0 316; matsyapurANa, a0 271, shlo06| 2. Journal of Bihar and Orissa Research Society, vol. V, Part, IV, , PP. 550-51. 3. Dialogues of Buddha, vol. II, P. 78. 4. dIgha nikAya, aTThakathA, 1, 133 / 5. Apte s Sanskrit-English Dictionary, vol. I, p. 580. 6. triSaSTizalAkApUruSacaritra. parva 10, sarga 6, zlo0 306 / 7. asogavaNa caMda utti asogacaMdutti nAmaM ca se kataM, tattha ya kukkuDapiccheNaM kANaMgulI se viddhA sukumAliyA, sA Na pAuNati sA kuNigA jAtA, tAhe se dAsA ravvehiM kataM nAmaM kuunniotti| -Avazyaka cUrNi, uttara bhAga, patra 167 / 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa:1 paramparAoM kA yuddha-viSayaka varNana bahuta hI lomaharSaka aura tAtkAlika rAjanaitika sthitiyoM kA paricAyaka hai| jaina vivaraNa bhagavatI sUtra, nirayAvali yA sUtra tathA Avazyaka cUNi meM mukhyataH upalabdha hotA hai / bauddha-vivaraNa vIgha nikAya ke mahAparinidhAna-sutta tathA usakI aTThakathA meM milatA hai| mahAzilAkaMTaka saMgrAma campAnagarI meM Akara kUNika ne kAlakumAra Adi apane dasa bhAiyoM ko bulaayaa| rAjya, senA, ghana Adi ko gyAraha bhAgoM meM bAMTA aura AnandapUrvaka vahAM rAjya karane lgaa| kUNika rAjA ke do sage bhAI (celaNA ke putra) halla aura vihalla the|' rAjA zreNika ne apanI jIvitAvasthA meM hI apanI do vizeSa vastue~ unheM de dI thIM-secanaka hasti aura aThArahasarA devapradatta hAra / 2 pratidina vihallakamAra secanaka hastI para savAra ho, apane antaHpura ke sAtha jalakrIr3A ke lie gaMgA-taTa para jaataa| usake Ananda aura bhoga ko dekhakara nagarI meM carcA uThI"rAjazrI kA phala to vihallakumAra bhoga rahA hai, kUNika nhiiN|" yaha carcA kuNika kI rAnI padmAvatI taka phuNcii| use lagA-'yadi secanaka hAthI mere pAsa nahIM, devapradatta hAra mere pAsa nahIM to isa rAjya-vaibhava se mujhe kyA?" kuNika se usane yaha bAta khii| aneka bAra ke Agraha se kUNika hAra aura hAthI mAMgane ke lie vivaza huaa| halla aura vihallakumAra ko bulAyA aura kahA-"hAra aura hAthI mujhe sauMpa do|" unhoMne uttara diyA-"hameM pitA ne pRthak rUpa se diye haiN| hama inheM kaise sauMpa deM?" kUNika isa uttara se ruSTa huaa| halla aura vihallakumAra avasara dekhakara hAra, hAthI aura apanA antaHpura lekara vaizAlI meM apane nAnA ceTaka ke pAsa cale gye| kUNika ko yaha patA claa| usane ceTaka rAjA ke pAsa apanA dUta bhejA aura hAra, hAthI tathA halla-vihalla ko punaH campA loTA dene ke lie khlaayaa|' -hAra aura hAthI halla-vihalla ke haiN| ve merI zaraNa Aye haiN| maiM unheM vApasa nahIM lauttaataa| yadi zreNika rAjA kA putra, cellaNA kA Atmaja, merA naptaka (dohitA) kuNika halla-vihalla ko AdhA rAjya de, to maiM hAra, hAthI use dilavAU~ / " usane puna: dUta bhejA aura kahalAyA "halla aura vihalla binA merI anujJA ke hAra aura hAthI le gaye haiN| ye donoM 1. halla aura vihalla-ina nAmoM ke viSaya meM sarvatra vividhatA milatI hai| nirayA valiyA mUla meM isa sAre ghaTanA-prasaMga ko kevala vihalla ke sAtha hI jor3A hai| nirayAvaliyA TIkA, bhagavatI TIkA, bharatezvara-bAhubalI vRtti Adi granthoM meM isI ghaTanA-prasaMga ke lie halla aura vihalla-do nAma prayukta hue haiN| aputtarovavAiya meM vihalla aura vehAyasa ko celaNA kA putra batAyA hai tathA halla ko dhAriNI kaa| nirayAvaliyA vRtti aura bhagavatI vRtti ke anusAra halla aura vihalla donoM hI celaNA ke putra haiM / vastusthiti anveSaNa kA viSaya hai / 2. kahA jAtA hai-secanaka hAthI aura devapradatta hAra kA mUlya zreNika ke pUre rAjya ke barAbara thaa| (Avazyaka cUrNi, uttarArdha, patra 167) / ____ 2010_05

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301 itihAsa aura paramparA ] vastue~ hamAre rAjya magadha kI haiN|" ceTaka ne punaH nakArAtmaka uttara dekara dUta ko visarjita kiyA / dUta ne Akara kUNika ko sArA saMvAda khaa| kUNika uttejita huA / Aveza meM AyA / usake oTha phar3akane lage / A~kheM lAla ho giiN| lalATa meM trivalI bana gii| dUta se kahA"tIsarI bAra aura jaao| maiM tumheM likhita patra detA huuN| isameM likhA hai - "hAra, hAthI vApasa karo yA yuddha ke lie sajja ho jaao|' ceTaka kI rAjasabhA meM jAkara usake siMhAsana para lAta maaro| bhAle kI aNI para rakha kara merA yaha patra usake hAthoM meM do / " dUta ne vaisA hI kiyA / ceTaka bhI patra par3hakara aura dUta kA vyavahAra dekhakara usI prakAra uttejita huA / Aveza meM AyA / dUta se kahA - " maiM yuddha ke lie sajja hUM / kUNika zIghra Aye, maiM pratIkSA karatA huuN|" ceTaka ke ArakSakoM ne dUta ko galahatthA dekara sabhA se bAhara kiyA / kUNika ne dUta se yaha saba kucha sunA / kAlakumAra Adi apane dasa bhAiyoM ko bulAyA / aura kahA - " apane-apane rAjya meM jAkara samasta senA se sajja hokara yahA~ Ao / ceTaka rAjA se maiM yuddha karU~gA / " saba bhAI apane-apane rAjyoM meM gaye / apane-apane tIna sahasra hAthI, tIna sahasra ghor3e, tIna sahasra ratha aura tIna karor3a padAtikoM ko sAtha lekara Aye / kUNika ne bhI apane tIna sahasra hAthI, tIna sahasra ghor3eM, tIna sahasra ratha aura tIna karor3a padAtiyoM sajja kiyaa| isa prakAra taiMtIsa sahasra hastI, teMtIsa sahasra azva, teMtIsa sahasra ratha aura teMtIsa karor3a padAtikoM kI bRhat senA ko lekara kRNika vaizAlI para car3ha AyA / rAjA ceTaka ne bhI apane mitra to mallakI, no licchavI; aTThAraha kAzI-kozala ke rAjAoM ko ekatrita kiyaa| unase parAmarza mA~gA - "zreNika rAjA kI cellaNA rAnI kA putra, merA tRka (dohitA) kUNika hAra aura hAthI ke lie yuddha karane AyA hai / hama saba ko yuddha karanA hai yA usake sAmane samarpita honA hai ?" saba rAjAoM ne kahA - "yuddha karanA hai, samarpita nahIM honA hai / " yaha nirNaya kara saba rAjA apane-apane deza meM gaye aura apane-apane tIna sahasra hAthI, tIna sahasra azva, tIna sahasra ratha aura tIna karor3a padAtikoM ko lekara Aye / itanI hI senA se ceTaka svayaM taiyAra huA / 57 sahasra hAthI. 57 sahasra azva, 57 sahasra ratha aura 57 karor3a padAtikoM kI senA lie ceTaka bhI saMgrAma-bhUmi meM A DaTA / rAjA ceTaka bhagavAn mahAvIra kA upAsaka thA / upAsaka ke 12 vrata usane svIkAra kiye the / usakA apanA eka vizeSa abhigraha thA - "maiM eka dina meM eka se adhika bANa nahIM calAUMgA / " usakA bANa amogha thA arthAt niSphala nahIM jAtA thaa| pahale dina ajAtazatru kI ora se kAlakumAra senApati hokara sAmane AyA / usane garur3a vyUha kI racanA kI / rAjA ceTaka ne zakaTa vyUha kI racanA / bhayaMkara yuddha huA / rAjA ceTaka ne apane amogha bANa kA prayoga kiyaa| kAlakumAra dharAzAyI huA / isI prakAra eka-eka kara anya no bhAI eka-eka dina senApati hokara Aye aura ceTaka rAjA ke amogha bANa se mAre gaye / mahAvIra usa samaya campAnagarI meM vartamAna the / kAlakumAra Adi rAjakumAroM kI mAtAe~ kAlI Adi dasa rAniyoM ne yuddha-viSayaka prazna mahAvIra se pUche / mahAvIra ne kAlakumAra Adi kI mRtyu kA sArA vRttAnta unheM batAyA / una rAniyoM ne mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kI / 1 1. nirayAvaliyA sUtra ( saTIka ), patra 6- 1 | 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 indra kI sahAyatA kuNika ne tIna dinoM kA tapa kiyaa| zakendra aura camarendra kI arAdhanA kii| ve prakaTa hue| unake yoga se prathama dina mahAzilAkaMTaka saMgrAma kI yojanA huii| kUNika zakendra dvArA nirmita abhedya bacapatirUpa kavaca se surakSita hokara yuddha meM AyA tAki ceTaka kA amogha bANa bhI use mAra na sake / ghamAsAna yuddha huA / kUNika kI senA dvArA DAlA gayA kaMkar3a, tRNa va patra bhI ceTaka kI senA para mahAzilA jaise prahAra karatA thaa| eka dina ke saMgrAma meM 64 lAkha manuSya mare / dUsare dina ratha-mUsala-saMgrAma kI vikurvaNA huii| kUNika camarendra devanimita svayaMcAlita ratha para claa| apane cAroM ora se mUsala kI mAra karatA huA sAre dina vaha zatru kI senA meM ghUmatA rahA / eka dina meM 66 lAkha manuSyoM kA saMhAra huaa| ceTaka aura no mallakI, licchavI,-aise aTTAraha kAzI-kauzala ke gaNarAjAoM kI parAjaya huI tathA kUNika kI vijaya huii|' vaizAlI prAkAra-bhaMga __ parAjita hokara rAjA ceTaka apanI nagarI meM calA gyaa| prAkAra ke dvAra banda kara liye / kUNika prAkAra ko tor3ane meM asaphala rhaa| bahuta samaya taka vaizAlI ko ghere vaha vahIM par3A rhaa| eka dina AkAzavANI huI- zramaNa kUlavAlaka jaba mAgadhikA vezyA meM anurakta hogA, taba rAjA azokacandra (kUNika) vaizAlI nagarI kA adhigrahaNa kregaa|"3 kUNika ne kUlavAlaka kA patA lgaayaa| mAgadhikA ko bulaayaa| mAgadhikA ne kapaTa zrAvikA bana kUlavAlaka ko apane Apa meM anurakta kiyA / kUlavAlaka naimittika kA veSa banA jaise-taise vaizAlI nagarI meM phuNcaa| usane jAnA ki muni suvrata svAmI ke stUpa ke prabhAva se yaha nagarI baca rahI hai| logoM ne zatru-saMkaTa kA upacAra puuchaa| usane kahA-"yaha stUpa TUTegA, tabhI zatru yahA~ se httegaa|" logoM ne stUpa ko tor3anA prArambha kiyaa| eka bAra to kUNika kI senA pIche haTI; kyoki vaha aisA samajhA kara AyA thA / jyoM hI sArA stUpa TUTA, kUNika ne kUlavAlaka ke kahe anusAra ekAeka AkramaNa kara vaizAlI-prAkAra bhaMga kiyaa| halla aura vihalla hAra aura hAthI ko lekara zatru se bacane ke lie bhge| prAkAra kI khAI meM pracchanna Aga thii| hAthI secanaka ise apane vibhaGga-jJAna se jAna cukA thaa| vaha Age nahIM bar3hA / balAt bar3hAyA gayA to usane halla aura vihalla ko nIce utAra diyA aura svayaM agni meM praveza kara gyaa| mara kara apane zubha adhyavasAyoM ke kAraNa prathama devaloka meM utpanna 1. bhagavatI, zataka 7, udde0 9, sU0 301 / 2. 'kUlavAlaka' tapasvI nadI ke kUla ke samIpa AtApana karatA thaa| usake tapa: prabhAva se nadI kA pravAha thor3A mur3a gyaa| usase usakA nAma 'kUlavAlaka' huaa| - (uttarAdhyayana sUtra, lakSmIvallabha kRta vRtti prathama khaNDa, patra 8, (gujarAtI anu vAda sahita), ahamadAbAda, 1635 / / 3. samaNe jaha kUlavAlae, mahagahiraM ramissae / rAyA a asogacaMdae, besAli nagarI ghisse|| -vahI, patra 10 / 4. uttarajjhayaNANi, lakSmIvallabha kRta vRtti, patra 11 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] anuyAyI rAjA 303 huA / deva- pradatta hAra devatAoM ne uThA liyA / halla aura vihalla ko zAsana devI ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa pahu~cA diyA / vahA~ ve niggaMTha-paryAya meM dIkSita ho gaye / rAjA ceTaka ne AmaraNa anazana va apane zubha adhyavasAyoM se sadgati prApta kI / " bauddha paramparA - vAjjiyoM se zatrutA gaMgA ke eka pana ke pAsa parvata meM ratnoM kI eka khAna thii| ajAtazatru aura liccha viyoM meM Adhe-Adhe ratna bA~Ta lene kA samajhautA thA / ajAtazatru " Aja jAU~, kala jAU~" karate hI raha jAtA / licchavI ekamata ho saba ratna le jAte / ajAtazatru ko khAlI hAthoM vApasa lauTanA par3atA / aneka bAra aisA huA / ajAtazatru kruddha ho socane lagA- "gaNa ke sAtha yuddha kaThina hai, unakA eka bhI prahAra niSphala nahIM jAtA, para kucha bhI ho, maiM mahaddhika vajjiyoM ko ucchinna karU~gA, unakA vinAza karU~gA / " apane mahAmaMtrI vassakAra brAhmaNa ko bulAyA aura kahA - "jahA~ bhagavAn buddha haiM, vahA~ jAo / merI yaha bhAvanA unase kaho / jo unakA pratyuttara ho, mujhe btaao| 5 I usa samaya bhagavAn buddha rAjagRha meM gRdhakUTa parvata para vihAra karate the / vassakAra vahA~ AyA / usa samaya ajAtazatru kI ora se sukha- prazna pUchA aura usake mana kI bAta kahI / bhagavAn ne usa samaya vajjiyoM ke sAta aparihAnIya niyama batalAye : 1. vajjI sannipAta- bahula haiM arthAt unake adhivezana meM pUrNA usthiti rahatI haiM / 2. vajjI ekamata se pariSad meM baiThate haiM, ekamata se utthAna karate haiM, eka ho karaNIya karma karate haiM / ve sannipAta bherI ke bajate hI khAte hue, AbhUSaNa pahanate hue yA vastra pahanate hue bhI jyoM-ke-tyoM ekatrita ho jAte haiM / 3. vajjI aprajJapta ( avaidhAnika) ko prajJapta nahIM karate, prajJapta kA uccheda nahIM karate / 4. vajjI mahallakoM (vRddhoM ) kA satkAra karate haiM, gurukAra karate haiM, unhe mAnate haiM, pUjate haiM / 5. vajjI kula striyoM aura kula-kumAriyoM ke sAtha balAt vivAha nahIM karate / 6. vajjI apane nagara ke bAhara aura bhItara ke caityoM kA Adara karate haiN| unakI maryAdAoM kA laMghana nahIM karate / 7. vajjI arhatoM kI dhArmika surakSA rakhate haiM, isalie ki bhaviSya meM unake yahA~ marhat Ate raheM aura jo haiM, ve sukha se vihAra karate raheM / 1. bharatezvara bAhubalI vRtti, patra 100-101 / 2. AcArya bhikSu, bhikSu grantha ratnAkara, khaNDa 2, pR0 88 / 3. buddhacaryA ( pR0 484 ) ke anusAra " parvata ke pAsa bahumUlya sugandha vAlA mAla utaratA thaa|" 4. dIghanikAya - aTThakathA ( sumaMgalavilAsinI), khaNDa 2, pR0 526 ; Dr. B. C. Law : Buddha Ghosa p. 111; hindU sabhyatA, pR0 187 // 5. dIghanikAya, mahAparinivvANa sutta, 23 (16) / 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 sAta aparihAnIya niyama jaba taka unake calate raheMge, taba taka unakI abhivRdvi hI hai; abhihAni nahIM / " 304 vajjiyoM meM bheda vassakAra punaH ajAtazatru ke pAsa AyA aura bolA- "buddha ke kathanAnusAra to vajjI ajeya haiM, para, upalApana ( rizvata ) aura bheda se unheM jItA jA sakatA hai / " rAjA ne pUchA- - "bheda kaise DAleM ?" vassakAra ne kahA - "kala hI rAjasabhA meM Apa vajjiyoM kI carcA kreN| maiM unake pakSa meM kucha bolU~gA / usa doSAropaNa meM merA zira muMDavA kara mujhe nagara se nikAla denA / maiM kahatA jAU~gA'maiMne tere prAkAra, parikhA Adi banavAye haiM / maiM durbala sthAnoM ko jAnatA huuN| zIghra hI maiM tumheM sIdhA na kara dU~ to merA nAma vassakAra nahIM hai / ' agale dina vahI saba ghaTita huA / bAta vajjiyoM taka bhI pahu~ca gaI / kucha logoM ne kahA - "yaha ThagI hai| ise gaMgA-pAra mata Ane do / " para, adhika logoM ne kahA--"yaha ghaTanA bahuta hI apane pakSa meM ghaTita huI hai| vassakAra kA upayoga ajAtazatru karatA thA / yaha budvimAn hai, isakA upayoga hama hI kyoM na kareM ? yaha zatru kA zatru hai; ataH AdaraNIya hai / " isa dhAraNA para unhoMne vassakAra ko apane yahA~ amAtya banA diyA / thor3e hI dinoM meM usane vahA~ apanA prabhAva jamA liyaa| usane vajjiyoM meM bheda DAlane kI bAta zurU kii| sAre licchavI ekatrita hote, vaha kisI eka se ekAnta meM hokara pUchatA "kheta jotate ho ?" "hA~, jotate haiM / " "do baila jota kara ?" "hA~, do baila jota kara / " dUsarA licchavI usa licchavI ko ekAnta meM le jAkara pUchatA - "mahAmAtya ne kyA kahA ?" vaha sArI bAta use kaha detA; para, use vizvAsa nahIM hotA ki mahAmAtya ne aisI sAdhAraNa bAta kI hogI / "mere para tumheM vizvAsa nahIM hai, sahI nahIM batalA rahe ho / " yaha kaha kara sadA ke liye vaha usase TUTa jAtA / kabhI kisI licchavI ko vassakAra kahatA -"Aja tumhAre ghara meM kyA zAka banAyA thA ?" vahI bAta phira ghaTita hotI / kisI eka licchavI ko ekAnta meM le jAkara kahatA- "tuma bar3e garIba ho|" kisI ko kahatA- "tuma bar3e kAyara ho / " "kisane kahA ?" pUche jAne para uttara detA- "amuka licchavIne, amuka licchavI ne / " kucha hI dinoM meM licchaviyoM meM paraspara itanA avizvAsa aura manomAlinya ho gayA ki eka rAste se bhI do licchavI nahIM niklte| eka dina vAssakara ne sannipAta bherI bajavAI / eka bhI licchavI nahIM AyA / taba use nizcaya ho gayA ki aba vajjiyoM ko jItanA bahuta AsAna hai / ajAtazatru ko AkramaNa ke lie usane pracchanna rUpa se kahalA diyA / ajAtazatru sasainya cala par3A / vaizAlI meM bherI bajI - "Ao caleM, zatru ko gaMgA pAra na hone deM / " 1. dIgha nikAya, mahAparinivvANa sutta, 213 (16) / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] anuyAyI rAjA 305 koI nahIM aayaa| dUsarI bherI bajI-"Ao caleM, nagara meM na ghusane deN| dvAra banda karake rheN| koI nahIM aayaa| bherI sunakara saba yahI bolate-"hama to garIba haiM, hama kyA lar3eMge?" "hama to kAyara haiM, hama kyA lar3eMge?" "jo zrImanta haiM aura zauryavanta haiM, ve ldd'eNge|" khule hI dvAra ajAtazatru nagarI meM praviSTa huA aura vaizAlI kA sarvanAza kara calA gyaa| mahAparinivvANa sutta ke anusAra ajAtazatru ke do mahAmAtya sunIdha aura vassakAra ne vajjiyoM se surakSita rahane ke lie gaMgA ke taTa para hI pATaliputra nagara basAyA / jaba vaha basAyA jA rahA thA, saMyogavaza buddha bhI vahAM aaye| sunIdha aura vAssakAra ke AmantraNa para unake yahAM bhojana kiyaa| carcA calane para pATaliputra kI prazaMsA kI aura usake tIna antarAya batAye-Aga, pAnI aura pArasparika bheda / buddha ke kathAnAnusAra trayastriza devoM ke sAtha maMtraNA karake sunIla aura vassakAra ne yaha nagara basAyA thaa| samIkSA donoM hI paramparAeM apane-apane DhaMga se isa magadha-vijaya aura vaizAlI-maMga kA pUrApUrA byaurA detI hai / yuddha kA nimitta, yuddha kA prakAra Adi donoM paramparAoM ke sarvathA bhinna haiN| jaina paramparA ceTaka ko licchavI-nAyaka ke rUpa meM vyakta karatI hai| bauddha- paramparA pratipakSa ke rUpa meM kevala vajjI-saMgha (licchavI-saMgha) ko hI prastuta karatI hai| jaina paramparA ke kucha ullekha jaise-kUNika va ceTaka kI kramazaH 33 karor3a va 57 karor3a senA, zakra aura asurendra kA sahayoga, do hI dinoM meM 1 karoDa 80 lAkha manuSyoM kA badha honA, kUlavAlaka ke sambandha se AkAzavANI kA honA, stUpa mAtra ke TUTane se licchaviyoM kI parAjaya ho jAnA Adi bAteM AlaMkArika jaise lagatI haiN| bauddha paramparA kA varNana adhika sahaja aura svabhAvika lagatA hai| yuddha ke nimitta meM eka ora ratna-rAzi kA ullekha haiM to eka ora mahArya deva pradattahAra kA / bhAvanAtmaka samAnatA avazya hai| ceTaka bANa ko jaina paramparA meM amogha batAyA gayA hai / bauddha-paramparA kA yaha ullekha ki una (vajjigaNa) kA eka bhI prahAra niSphala nahIM jAtA, usI prakAra kA saMketa detA hai| jaina paramparA stupa ke prabhAva se nagarI kI surakSA batAtI hai / buddha kahate haiM-'jaba taka vajjI nagara ke bAhara va bhItara ke caityoM (stUpoM) kA Adara kareMge, taba taka unakI vRddhi hI hai, hAni nhiiN|" yuddha ke pAtroM kA vyavasthita byaurA jitanA jaina paramparA detI hai, utanA bauddha paramparA nhiiN| ceTaka tathA 6 mallakI, 6 licchavI, aTThAraha gaNarAjAoM kA yatkicit vivaraNa bhI bauddha paramparA nahIM detii| vaizAlI-vijaya meM chama-bhAva kA prayoga donoM hI paramparAoM ne mAnA hai| jaina paramparA ke anusAra yuddha ke do bhAga ho jAte haiM1. pakhavAr3e kA pratyakSa yuddha aura 2. prAkAra-bhaMga donoM ke bIca bahuta samaya bIta jAtA hai| DaoN0 rAdhAkumuda mukharjI kI dhAraNA ke 1. dIgha nikAya-aTThakathA, khaNDa 2, pR0 523 / ____ 2010_05

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306 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 anusAra yaha avadhi kama se kama 16 varSoM kI ho sakatI hai / " bauddha paramparA ke anusAra vassakAra lagabhaga tIna varSa vaizAlI meM rahatA hai aura licchaviyoM meM bheda DAlatA hai / ina sabase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki bauddha paramparA kA upalabdha varNana kevala yuddha kA uttarArdha mAtra hai / rAniyA~ aura putra jaina paramparA meM kUNika kI tIna rAniyoM ke nAma mukhyatayA Ate haiM- padmAvatI, dhAriNI aura subhadrA / Avazyaka cUrNi ke anusAra kUNika ne ATha rAja- kanyAoM ke sAtha vivAha kiyA thA, para, vahA~ unakA koI vizeSa paricaya nahIM hai / bauddha paramparA meM kUNika kI rAnI kA nAma vajirA AtA hai / vaha kauzala ke prasenajit rAjA kI putrI thI / kUNika ke putra kA nAma jaina paramparA meM udAyI aura bauddha paramparA meM udAyIbhadra AtA hai / jana paramparA ke anusAra vaha padmAvatI kA putra thA aura bauddha paramparA ke anusAra vaha vajirA kA putra thA / vajirA kA putra hone meM eka asaMgati AtI hai / bauddha paramparA ke anusAra udAyIbhadra kA janma usI dina huA, jisa dina zreNika kA zarIrAnta huA, jaba ki vajirA kA vivAha bhI zreNika kI mRtyu ke pazcAt huA / mRtyu kUNika ( ajJAtazatru) kI mRtyu donoM paramparAoM meM vibhinna prakAra se batAI gaI hai / jaina paramparA mAnatI hai - kUNika ne mahAvIra se pUchA - "cakravatI mara kara kahA~ jAte haiM ? " uttara milA - "cakravartI pada para marane vAlA saptama naraka taka jAtA hai / " "maiM mara kara kahA~ jAU~gA ?" "tuma chaThe naraka meM jAoge / " "kyA maiM cakravartI nahIM hU~ ?" "nahIM ho / " kUNika ko cakravartI banane kI ghuna lagI / kRtrima caudaha ratna banAye / SaDkhaNDa-vijaya ke lie nikalA / timisrA guphA meM devatA ne rokA aura kahA "cakravartI hI isa guphA ko 1. hindU sabhyatA, pR0 186 | 2. tassa NaM kUNiyassa raNNo paumAvaI nAmaM devI... - niragrAvaliyA sutta, (pI0 ela0 vaidya sampAdita ) pR0 4 / 3. tassa NaM kUNiyassa raNNo dhAriNI nAmaM devI... 2010_05 uvavAI sutta ( saTIka ), sU0 7, patra 22 / 4. vahI, sU0 33, patra 144 / 5. Avazyaka cUrNi uttarArdha, patra 167 / 6. AcArya buddhaghoSa, sumaMgalavilAsinI, khaNDa 1, pR 137 // 7. jAtaka aTThakathA, khaNDa 4, pR0 343 : Encyclopaedia of Buddhism p. 317

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] anuyAyI rAjA pAra kara sakatA hai aura cakravartI bAraha ho cuke haiN|" kUNika ne kahA- - " maiM terahavA~ cakravartI hU~ / " isa anahonI bAta para deva kupita huA aura usane use vahIM bhasma kara diyA / ' bauddha paramparA batAtI hai ki rAjya lobha se udAyIbhadra ne usakI hatyA kI / donoM paramparAoM kI isa viSaya meM samAna bAta yahI hai ki kUNika mara kara naraka meM gyaa| jaina paramparA jahA~ tamaH prabhA kA ullekha karatI hai, vahA~ bauddha paramparA lauhakumbhIya naraka kA ullekha karatI hai| kula naraka jainoM ke anusAra sAta haiM, bauddhoM ke anusAra ATha haiN| bauddha paramparA ke anusAra ajAtazatru aneka bhavoM ke pazcAt vidita vizeSa athavA vijitAbI nAmaka pratyeka buddha hokara nirvANa prApta karegA / pUrva bhava 307 kUNika ke pUrva bhavoM kI carcA bhI donoM paramparAoM ne milatI hai / ghaTanAtmaka dRSTi se donoM carcAeM sarvathA bhinna haiM; para tattva-rUpa se ve eka hI mAnI jA sakatI haiN| donoM kA hArda hai - zreNika ke jIva ne kUNika ke jIva kA kisI eka janma meM vadha kiyA thA / 1. ThANAMga sUtra vRtti, sthA0 4, u0 3 ; Avazyaka kUNi, uttarArdha, patra 176-177 / 2. mahAvaMza, 4 / 1 / 3. dIgha nikAya aTThakathA, khaNDa 1, pR0 237-38 / 4. ratnaprabhA, zarkarAprabhA, bAluprabhA, paMkaprabhA, ghUmaprabhA, tamaH prabhA, mahAtamaH prabhA ( tamatamAprabhA) / - bhagavatI, zataka 1, udde0 5 / 5. saMjIva, kAlasuta, saMghAta, jAlaraurava, dhUmaraurava, mahA avIci, tapana, patApana | (jAtaka aTThakathA, khaNDa 5, pR0 266, 271) / divyAvadAna meM ye hI nAma haiM, kevala jAla raurava ke sthAna para raurava aura dhUmarIrava ke sthAna para mahArIrakha milatA hai / (divyAvadAna, 67 ) / saMyutta nikAya, aMguttara nikAya tathA suttanipAta meM 10 narakoM ke nAma Aye haiM --avbuda, niravvuda, avaba, aTaTa, ahaha, kumuda, sogandhika, uppala, puNDarIka, paduma / (saM0 ni0 6-1-10; aM. ni. ( P. T.S.), khanDa 5, pR0 173; suttanipAta, mahAvagga, kokAliya sutta, 3 / 36 / ) aTThakathAkAra ke anusAra ye narakoM ke nAma nahIM, para, naraka meM rahane kI avadhiyoM ke nAma haiM / AgamoM meM bhI isI prakAra ke kAla-mAnoM kA ullekha hai / (udAharaNArtha dekheM- bhagavatI sUtra, zataka 6, udde0 7 ) / bauddha sAhitya meM anyatra 5 narakoM kI sUcI bhI milatI hai / ( majjhimanikAya, devadatta sutta) tathA jAtakoM meM sphuTa rUpa se dUsare nAmoM kA ullekha bhI hai / 'lohakumbhI niraya kA ullekha bhI sphuTa nAmoM meM hai ( jAtaka aTThakathA, khaNDa 3, pR0 22; khaNDa 5, pR0 266; suttanipAta aTThakathA, khaNDa 1, pR059) / 6. Dictionary of Pali Proper Names vol. 2, p. 35. 7. jaina varNana - nirayAvaliyA sUtra, ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja kRta, sundara beghinI TIkA, pR0 126 - 133; bauddha varNana - jAtaka aTThakathA, saMkicca jAtaka, jAtaka saMkhyA 530 / 2010_05

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308 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa:1 abhayakumAra zreNika bimbisAra va ajAtazatru kUNika se bhI adhika rahasya kA prazna abhayakumAra kA hai / isake viSaya meM donoM paramparAe~ apanA-apanA anuyAyI hI hone kA Agraha nahIM karatIM, pratyuta apane-apane bhikSu-saMgha meM dIkSita hone kA bhI nirUpaNa karatI haiN| Agamika ullekha ke anusAra vaha svayaM mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSita hotA hai| zrapiTaka ullekha ke anusAra vaha svayaM buddha ke pAsa pravrajyA pAtA hai| janma jaina paramparA mAnatI hai ki vaha zreNika maMbhasAra kI nandA nAmaka rAnI se utpanna huA thaa| nandA vennAtaTapura ke dhanAvaha nAmaka zreSThI kI kanyA thii| zreNika kumArAvasthA meM nirvAsita hokara vahAM pahuMcA thA aura usane nandA ke sAtha pANi-grahaNa kiyA thaa| abhayakumAra ATha varSa taka apanI mAtA ke sAtha nanihAla hI rhaa| usake pazcAt mAtA va putra donoM hI rAjagRha A ge| bauddha-paramparA meM abhayakumAra ko sarvatra 'abhayarAjakumAra' kahA gayA hai / usake anusAra vaha ujjainI kI padmAvatI gaNikA se utpanna zreNika biMbisAra kA putra thaa| padmAvatI kI lAvaNya-khyAti bimbisAra ne sunii| vaha usakI ora AkRSTa huaa| apane mana kI bAta apane purohita se kahI / purohita kI ArAdhanA se kumbhira nAmaka yakSa prakaTa huaa| vaha yakSa bimbisAra ko ujjainI le gyaa| vahAM bimbisAra kA padmAvatI vezyA se saMsarga huaa| rAjakumAra abhaya apane janma-kAla se sAta varSa taka ujjanI meM apanI mAtA ke pAsa rhaa| phira vaha rAjagRha meM apane pitA ke pAsa A gayA aura anya rAjakumAroM ke sAtha rahane lgaa| 1. (ka) tassa NaM se seNiyassa ranno putte naMdAe devIe attae abhae nAma kumAre hotthaa| -nirayAvaliyA, sU0 23 / (kha) tassa NaM seNiyassa putte naMdAe devIe attae abhae nAmaM kumAre hotthaa| -NAyAdhammakahAo zru0 1, a01 / (ga) abhayassa NANattaM, rAyagihe nagare, seNie rAyA, naMdA devI mAyA, sesa thev| -aNuttarovavAiyadasAo sUtra, 1 // 1 // 2. vennAtaTa nagara, dakSiNa kI kRSNA nadI jahAM pUrva ke samudra meM giratI hai, vahAM para honA. __ cAhie / vizeSa vivaraNa ke liye dekheM-tIrthaMkara mahAvIra, bhA0 2, pR0 641-43 / 3. bharatezvara bAhuvalI vRtti, patra 36 / 4. gilgiTa mAMskRSTa ke anusAra abhaya rAjakumAra vaizAlI kI gaNikA AmrapAlI se utpanna bimbasAra kA putra thaa| (khaNDa 3, 2, pR. 22) zreNika ke ambapAlI se utpanna putra kA nAma mUla pAli-sAhitya meM 'vimala koDaca' AtA hai, jo ki Age calakara bauddha bhikSu bnaa| (theragAthA-aTThakathA, 64) / 5. therIgAthA-aTThakathA, 31-32 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] anuyAyI rAjA 306 : abhayakumAra kI mAtA ke viSaya meM yathArthatA kyA thI, yaha kaha pAnA kaThina hai| donoM hI paramparAeM do prakAra kI bAta kahatI haiM / itanA avazya hai ki jaina paramparA kA ullekha Agamika hai aura bauddha paramparA kA ullekha aTTakathA para AdhArita hai| yakSa kA AnA aura zreNika ko ujjainI le jAnA yaha saba bhI kivadantI mAtra se adhika nahIM ThaharatA / pravRtti aura vyaktitva bauddha paramparA abhaya ko eka sAmAnya rAjakumAra se adhika kucha nahIM mAnatI / adhikase adhika use ratha-vidyA- vizArada ke rUpa meM prastuta karatI hai / " jaina paramparA batAtI hai - "zreNika rAjA kA putra tathA nandA devI kA Atmaja abhayakumAra ahona yAvat surUpa sAma, daNDa, bheda, upapradAna; nIti tathA vyApAra nIti kA jJAtA thA / IhA, apoha, mArgaNA, gaveSaNA tathA artha - zAstra meM kuzala thA / autpAtikI, vainayikI, kArmikI tathA pAriNAmikI; cAra prakAra kI buddhiyoM se yukta thA / vaha zreNika rAjA ke liye bahuta se kAryoM meM, kauTumbika kAryoM meM, mantraNA meM, guhya kAryoM meM, rahasyamaya kAryoM meM, nizcaya karane meM eka bAra aura bArabAra pUchane yogya thA / vaha sabake lie 'meDhIbhUta'' thA, pramANa thA, AdhAra thA, Alambana thA, cakSubhUta thA, saba kAryoM aura saba sthAnoM meM pratiSThA prApta karane vAlA thA, sabako vicAra dene vAlA thA, rAjya kI dhurA ko dhAraNa karane vAlA thA; vaha svayaM hI rAjya ( zAsana ), rASTra (deza), koSa, koThAra ( anna bhaNDAra), senA, vAhana, nagara aura anta: pura kI dekha-bhAla karatA rahatA thA / "3 jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra abhayakumAra zreNika bhaMbhasAra kA manonIta matrA thA / " usakI hara samasyA kA svayaM meM hI vaha eka samAdhAna thaa| meghakumAra kI mAtA dhAriNI kA dohada tathA kUNika kI mAtA celaNA kA dohada apane buddhi-kala se abhayakumAra ne hI pUrA kiyaa| apanI cUla mAtA (choTI mAtA ) celaNA aura zreNika kA vivAha bhI abhayakumAra ke buddhi-bala se huA / " buddhi-bala ke liye abhayakumAra jaina paramparA kA prasiddha puruSa kahA jA sakatA hai / anekAneka ghaTanA-prasaMga pracalita haiM, jo usake buddhi-vaiziSTya ko vyakta karate haiM / abhayakumAra ne zreNika ke rAjanaitika saMkaTa bhI aneka bAra TAla the| eka bAra ujjaino ke rAjA caNDapradyota ne caudaha rAjAoM ke sAtha rAjagRha para AkramaNa kiyaa| abhayakumAra ne 1. majjhimanikAya, abhayarAjakumAra sutta / 2. meDhI - khaliyAna meM gAr3A huA stambha, jisake cAroM ora ghUma-ghUmakara baila dhAnya ko rauMdate haiN| 3. NAyAdhammakahAo, prathama zrutaskandha, prathama adhyayana / 4. bharatezvara bAhubalI vRtti, patra, 38 / 5. 'bhikSu saMgha aura usakA vistAra' prakaraNa / 6. dekhiye, isI prakaraNa ke antargata 'ajAtazatru kUNika' / 7. triSaSTizalAkApuruSa caritram, parva 10, sarga 6, zlo0 226-227, patra 78-2 / 2010_05

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310 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa:1 jahA~ zatru kA zivira laganA thA, vahA~ pahale se hI svarNa-mudrAeM gar3avA dii| jaba caNDapradyota ne rAjagRha ko ghera liyA, to abhayakumAra ne use eka patra likhA, jisameM batAyA-"maiM ApakA hitaiSI hokara batA rahA hUM ki Apake sahacara rAjA zreNika se mila gaye haiM / ve Apako bA~vakara zreNika ko sambhalAne vAle haiN| unhoMne zreNika se bahuta dhana-rAzi lI hai| vizvAsa ke lie ApakA jahA~ zivira hai, vahA~ ko bhUmi ko khudavA kara dekheN|" caNDapradyota ne bhUmi khudavAI to hara sthAna para use svarNa mudrAe~ gar3I miliiN| ghabarAkara vaha jyoM-kA-tyo ujjainI lauTa gyaa| abhayakumAra ke sambandha se donoM paramparAoM meM koI bhI dhaTanA-sAmya nahIM hai| kevala eka nagaNya-sI ghaTanA donoM paramparAoM meM yatkicita samAnatA se milatI hai| bauddha paramparA ke anusAra eka sImA-vivAda ko kuzalatApUrvaka nipaTA dene ke upalakSa meM bimbisAra ne eka sundara nartakI use upahAra meM dii| jaina kathA-vastu ke anusAra zreNika rAjA ke seNA nAmaka eka bahina thii| vaha kisI vidyAghara ko byAhI thii| anya vidyAdharoM ne seNA ko mAra DAlA aura usakI putrI ko zreNika ke yahA~ bheja diyaa| zreNika ne vaha kanyA patnI ke rUpa meM abhayakumAra ko pradAna kii| bauDa pravrajyA ___ majjhima nikAya ke abhayarAjakumAra sutta meM batAyA gayA hai-eka samaya bhagavAn rAjagRha meM veNuvana kalandaka nivApa meM vihAra karate the| taba abhayarAjakumAra nigaNTha nAtaputta ke pAsa gyaa| nigaNTha nAtaputta ne usase kahA-"rAjakumAra !zramaNa gautama ke sAtha zAstrArtha kara, isase terA suyaza phailegaa| janatA meM carcA hogI, abhayarAjakumAra ne itane mahardika zramaNa gautama ke sAtha zastrArtha kiyA hai|" abhayarAjakumAra ne nigaNTha nAtaputta se pUchA-"bhante ! maiM zastrArtha kA Arambha kisa prakAra karU~?" nigaNTha nAtaputta ne uttara diyA-"tuma gautama buddha se pUchanA, 'kyA tathAgata aisA vacana bola sakate haiM, jo dUsaroM ko apriya ho?' yadi zramaNa gautama svIkRti meM uttara deM, to pUchanA, 'phira pRthag jana (ajJa saMsArI jIva) se tathAgata kA kyA antara huA? aise vacana to pRthag 1. ujjainI pahu~cakara caNDapradyota ne samajha liyA, yaha saba abhayakumAra kA hI SaDyantra thaa| kruddha hokara usane bhI eka SaDyantra racA aura abhayakumAra ko apanA bandI bnaayaa| mukta hokara abhayakumAra ne usakA badalA liyaa| usane bhI chadma-vidhi se caNDapradyota ko bandI bnaayaa| isa sarasa varNana ke liye dekheM, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritram, parva 10, sarga 11, zlo0 124 se 263 tathA Avazyaka cUNi, uttarArdha, patra 156, se 163 / 2. dhammapada-aThukathA, 13-4 / 3. Avazyaka cUrNi, uttarArdha, patra 160 / 4. prakaraNa 76 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAha aura paramparA] anuyAyI rAjA jana bhI bola sakatA hai|' yadi zramaNa gautama nakArAtmaka uttara deM, to pUchanA, 'Apane devadatta ke lie yaha bhaviSvANI kyoM kI, vaha durgatigAmI, nairayika, kalpabhara narakavAsI aura acikitsya hai / Apake isa vacana se vaha kupita (asantuSTa) huA hai|' isa prakAra donoM ora ke prazna pUchane para zramaNa gautama na ugala sakegA, na nigala skegaa| kisI puruSa ke gale meM yadi lohe kI baMsI phaMsa jAtI hai, to vaha na ugala sakatA hai, na nigala sakatA hai ; aisI hI sthiti buddha kI hogii|" nigaNTha nAtaputta ko abhivAdana kara abhaya rAjakumAra vahA~ se uThA aura buddha ke pAsa gyaa| abhivAdana kara eka ora baiTha gyaa| abhayarAjakumAra ne samaya dekha kara socA"bhagavAn ke sAtha zAstrArtha karane kA Aja samaya nahIM hai / kala apane ghara para hI zAstrArtha kruuNgaa|" rAjakumAra ne usa samaya cAra AdamiyoM ke sAtha buddha ko dUsare dina ke bhojana kA nimaMtraNa diyA / buddha ne mauna raha kara use svIkAra kiyaa| abhayarAjakumAra apane rAjaprAsAda meM calA aayaa| dUsare dina pUrvAhna ke samaya cIvara pahina kara, pAtra va cIvara lekara buddha abhayarAjakumAra ke ghara Aye / biche Asana para baiThe / abhayarAjakumAra ne buddha ko uttama khAdya bhojya se apane hAtha se tRpta kiyaa| buddha ke bhojana kara cukane para, pAtra se hAtha haTA lene para abhayarAjakumAra eka nIcA Asana lekara eka ora baiTha gayA aura zAstrArtha Arambha kiyaa| bolA"bhante ! kyA tathAgata aisA vacana bola sakate haiM, jo dUsaroM ko apriya ho ?" buddha ne uttara diyA-"rAjakumAra ! yaha ekAntika rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sktaa|" uttara sunate hI abhayarAjakumAra bola par3A-"bhante ! nigaNTha naSTa ho gye|'' buddha ne sAzcarya pUchA- "rAjakumAra ! kyA tU aise bola rahA hai -'bhante ! nigaNTha naSTa ho gye|' abhayarAjakumAra ne dRr3hatA ke sAtha kahA--- "hA~ bhante ! bAta aisI hI hai / maiM nigaNTha nAtaputta ke pAsa gayA thaa| mujhe Apase yaha dubArA prazna pUchane ke lie unhoMne hI prerita kiyA thaa| unakA kahanA thA, isa prakAra pUchane para zramaNa gautama na ugala sakegA aura na nigala skegaa|" abhayarAjakumAra kI goda meM usa samaya eka bahuta hI choTA va manda zizu baiThA thaa| use lakSita kara buddha ne kahA-"rAjakumAra ! tere yA dhAya ke pramAda se yaha zizu mukha meM kATha yA DhelA DAla le to tU isakA kyA karegA ?" rAjakumAra ne uttara diyA-"bhante ! maiM use nikAla luuNgaa| yadi maiM use sIdhe hI na nikAla sakA, to bA~ye hAtha se sira pakar3a kara, dAhine hAtha se a~gulI Ter3hI kara khUna sahita bhI nikAla lUMgA ; kyoMki kumAra para merI dayA hai|" buddha ne kahA--"rAjakumAra ! tathAgata atathya, anartha-yukta aura apriya vacana nahIM bolate / tathya-sahita hone para bhI yadi anarthaka aura apriya hotA hai, to tathAgata vaisA vacana bhI nahIM bolate / dUsaroM ko priya hone para bhI jo vacana atathya va anarthaka hotA hai, tathAgata use bhI nahIM bolate / jisa vacana ko tathya va sArthaka samajhate haiM, vaha phira priya yA apriya bhI kyoM na ho, kAlajJa tathAgata bolate haiM, kyoMki unakI prANiyoM para ___abhayarAjakumAra ne kahA--"bhante ! kSatriya-paNDita, brAhmaNa-paNDita, gRhapati-paNDita, zramaNa-paNDita prazna taiyAra kara tathAgata ke pAsa Ate haiM aura pUchate haiN| kyA Apa pahale se hI 2010_05

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312 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa:1 mana meM soce rahate haiM, jo mujhe aisA pUchege, maiM unheM aisA uttara duuNgaa| buddha ne kahA- "rAjakumAra ! maiM tujhe hI eka prazna pUchatA hU~; jaisA jace, vaisA uttara denaa| kyA tU ratha ke aMga-pratyaMga meM catura hai ?" "hA~, bhante ! maiM ratha ke aMga-pratyaMga meM catura huuN|" "rAjakumAra ! ratha kI ora saMketa kara yadi tujhe koI pUche, ratha kA yaha kauna-sA aMga-pratyaMga hai ? to kyA tU pahale se hI soce rahatA hai, aisA pUche jAne para maiM aisA uttara dUMjhA yA avasara para hI yaha tujhe bhAsita hotA hai ?" bhante ! maiM rathika huuN| ratha ke pratyeka aMga-pratyaMga kA maiM prasiddha jJAtA hai; ata: mujhe usI kSaNa bhAsita ho jAtA hai|" "rAjakumAra ! isI prakAra tathAgata ko bhI usI kSaNa uttara bhAsita ho jAtA hai; kyoMki unakI dharma-dhAtu (mana kA viSaya) acchI taraha sadha gaI hai|" abhayarAjakumAra bolA-"Azcarya bhante ! adbhuta bhante ! Apane aneka prakAra (paryAya) se dharma ko prakAzita kiyA hai / maiM bhagavAna kI zaraNa jAtA hU~, dharma va bhikSa-saMgha kI bhii| Aja se mujhe aJjalibaddha zaraNAgata upAsaka svIkAra kreN|" abhayarAjakumAra ke buddha se sAkSAt hone kA eka ghaTanA-prasaMga saMyutta nikAya meM abhayasutta' kA hai, jisameM vaha buddha se pUraNa kAzyapa kI mAnyatA se sambandhita eka prazna karatA abhayakumAra ko srotApatti-phala taba milA, jaba ki vaha nartakI kI mRtyu se khinna hokara buddha ke pAsa gayA aura buddha ne use dharmopadeza kiyaa| theragAthA aura usakI aTrakathA ke anusAra pitA kI mRtyu se khinna hokara abhayarAjakumAra ne buddha ke pAsa pravrajyA grahaNa kI aura kAlAntara se arhat-pada prApta paayaa| therIgAthA aTThakathA meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki bhikSu-jIvana meM usane apanI mAtA padmAvatI gaNikA ko udbodha diyaa| vaha bhI dIkSita huI aura usane bhI arhat-pada paayaa| jaina-pravrajyA jaina dhAraNA ke anusAra abhayakumAra mahAvIra kA parama upAsaka thaa| eka bAra eka drumaka (lakar3ahArA) sudharmA svAmI ke pAsa dIkSita huA / jaba vaha rAjagRha meM bhikSA ke lie 1. 44-6-6 / 2. theragAthA aTThakathA (1-58) ke anusAra abhaya ko srotApatti-phala taba milA, jaba ki buddha ne 'tAlacchigulupamasutta' kA upadeza diyA thaa| 3. dhammapada aTThakathA, 13-4 / 4. theragAthA, 26 / 5. theragAthA aTThakathA, khaNDa 1, pR0 83-4 / 6. vahI, 31-32 / ____ 2010_05

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313 itihAsa aura paramparA anuyAyI rAjA gayA, to logoM ne usakA upahAsa kiyA-"ye Aye haiM, mahAtyAgI muni / inhoMne to dhanakaMcana saba chor3a diyA hai|" isa loka-carcA se drumaka muni vyathita huaa| Akara sudharmA svAmI se yaha vyatikara kahA / drumaka muni kI parISaha-nivRtti ke lie gaNadhara sudharmA ne agale hI dina vihAra kI ThAnI / abhayakumAra ko patA claa| usake nivedana para vihAra rukaa| rAjagRha meM Akara eka-eka koTi svarNa-mudrAoM kI tIna rAziyA~ usane sthApita kii| nagara ke logoM ko AmaMtrita kiyA / dhana-rAzi pAne ke lie sabhI loga llcaaye| abhayakumAra ne kahA-'ye tIna koTi svarNa-mudrAe~ vaha le sakatA hai, jo jIvana bhara ke lie strI, agni aura pAnI kA parityAga kre|" koI Age nahIM aayaa| jaba abhaya kumAra ne kahA- "drumaka muni kitanA mahAn hai, usane AjIvana strI, agni evaM pAnI kA parityAga kiyA hai|" isa prakAra abhaya ne vaha loka-carcA samApta kii| abhayakumAra kI dharmAnurAgitA ke anekAneka ghaTanA-prasaMga jaina paramparA me pracalita haiM / abhayakumAra kI chIMka kA phala batAte hue mahAvIra ne svayaM use dharmaniSTha kahA / abhayakumAra ke saMsarga se hI rAjagRha ke prasiddha kasAI kAlazaurika kA putra sulasakumAra nigaNTha-dharma kA anuyAyI banA / abhayakumAra ke upahAra se hI ArdrakakumAra pratibuddha hokara bhikSu banA thaa| abhayakumAra kI pravrajyA ke viSaya meM batAyA gayA hai-bhagavAna mahAvIra rAjagRha meM aaye| abhayakumAra bhI vandana ke lie udyAna meM gyaa| dezanA ke anta meM abhayakumAra ne pUchA-"bhagavan ! antima mokSagAmI rAjA kauna hogA ?"5 mahAvIra ne uttara diyA"vItabhayapura kA rAjA udAyana, jo mere pAsa dIkSita huA hai, vahI antima mokSagAmI rAjA hai|" abhayakumAra ke mana meM AyA -"maiM yadi rAjA bana kara phira dIkSita banUMgA, to mere lie mokSa hAne kA rAstA hI banda ho jaayegaa| kyoM na maiM kamArAvasthA meM hI dIkSA grahaNa karU~ !" abhayakumAra zreNika ke pAsa AyA / dIkSA kI bAta use khii| zreNika ne kahA"dIkSA lene ke dina to mere haiM, tumhAre to rAjya-grahaNa karane ke dina haiN|" abhayakumAra ke vizeSa Agraha para zreNika ne kahA-"jisa dina maiM ruSTa hokara tujhe kahU~-dare vaja! mukhaM mA varzaya, usa dina tuma pravajita ho jaanaa|" 1. dharmaratnaprakaraNa, abhayakumAra kathA, 130 / 2. vistAra ke liye dekheM, isI prakaraNa meM zreNika bimbisAra' ke antargata niraka-gamana va tiirthNkr-pd'| 3. hemacandra-yogazAstra, svopajJavRtti sahita, a0 1, zlo0 30, pR0 61-65 / 4. vistAra ke lie dekheM, samasAmayika dharya-nAyaka' prakaraNa ke antargata 'Ardraka muni'| 5. yaha bhI mAnA jAtA hai ki abhayakumAra kI yaha pRcchA 'mokSagAmI rAjA' ke lie na hokara 'mukuTa baddha rAjA ke dIkSita hone' ke viSaya meM thii| (dekheM, abhidhAna rAjendra, khaNDa 3, pR0 481) / ____ 2010_05

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314 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 kAlAntara se phira mahAvIra rAjagRha ke upavana meM aaye| bhISaNa zItakAla kA samaya thaa| eka dina sAMya zreNika aura celaNA ne upavana se Ate nadI ke taTa para, eka muni ko dhyAnastha khar3e dekhaa| rAta ko rAnI jgii| muni kI yAda aaii| usake muMha se sahasA nikalA-'Aha ! vaha kyA karatA hogA ?" rAjA ne bhI yaha vAkya suna liyaa| usake mana meM rAnI ke prali avizvAsa huA / prAtaHkAla bhagavad-vandana ke lie jAte-jAte usane abhayakamAra ko Adeza diyA-'mahala jalA ddaalo| yahA~ durAcAra palatA hai|" abhayakumAra ne rAniyoM ko pRthaka kara khAlI mahala ko jalA ddaalaa| zreNika ne mahAvIra se jijJAsA kI aura mahAvIra ne uttara diyA- "tumhArI celaNA Adi saba rAniyA~ niSpApa haiN|" rAjA ko apane Adeza para pachatAvA huaa| rAjA sahasA vahA~ se calA ki koI hAni na ho jaaye| abhayakumAra rAste meM hI mila gyaa| rAjA ne kahA-"tumane mahala kA kyA kiyA ?" abhayakumAra ne uttara diyA-"Apake AdezAnusAra jalA diyaa|" rAjA ko atyanta duHkha huaa| abhayakumAra para raMja bhI huaa| usake mu~ha se sahasA nikala par3A-"dUre vaja! sukhaM mA darzaya"--- dUra calA jA, muMha mata dikhaa| abhayakumAra ne pita-vAkya zirodhArya kiyA aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa jA pravajyA grahaNa kii| rAjA ne mahala ko sambhAlA to saba rAniyA~ surakSita thiiN| use bhAna huA- "abhayakumAra dIkSita hogA, maiM use rokuuN|" rAjA zIghratA se mahAvIra ke pAsa AyA, to dekhA vaha to dIkSita ho hI gayA hai| aMtagaDadazAMga sUtra meM abhaya kI mAtA nandA ke bhI dIkSita hone va mokSa jAne kA ullekha hai|2 dIkSA ke anantara bhikSu abhayakumAra ne gyAraha aMgoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| 'guNaratna tapa' kiyA / atyanta kRzakAya ho gyaa| kAla-dharma ko prApta ho vijaya anuttara vimAna meM deva-rUpa se utpanna huaa| vahA~ vaha 22 sAgaropama sthiti kA bhoga kara mahAvideha-kSetra meM utpanna hogaa| vahA~ se vaha siddha-gati prApta kregaa| upasaMhAra abhayakumAra-sambandhI donoM ora ke purAvoM ko dekhate hue lagatA hai, kyoM na abhayakumAra aura rAjakumAra abhaya ko pRthak-pRthak do vyakti mAnA jAye ? pitR-sAmya ke atirikta anya sabhI pramANa unake do vyakti hone ke pakSa meM hI mAne jA sakate haiN| bauddha paramparA use jIvaka kaumAra-mRtyu kA janaka mAnatI hai, jabaki jaina paramparA meM isakA koI AbhAsa nahIM miltaa| isI prakAra eka kI mAtA vaNik-kanyA hai, to eka kI gaNikA; eka pradhAnamaMtrI hai, 1. bharatezvara bAhubalI vRtti, patra 38-40 / 2. modI sampAdita, pR0 51 / 3. skandaka saMnyAsI ko tapaH-sAdhanA jaisA hI varNana abhayakumAra kA hai| skandaka muni ____ kA vivaraNa dekheM-'pAripAzvika bhikSa -bhikSuNiyAM' prakaraNa meN| 4. anuttarovavAiyadasA, prathama varga, adhyayana 10 / 5. dekheM, 'pramukha upAsaka-upAsikAeM' prkrnn| ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] anuyAyI rAjA 315 to eka kuzala rathika; eka mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSita hotA hai, to eka buddha ke pAsa / abhayarAjakumAra nigaNTha-dharma se buddha dharma meM AtA hai / yadi abhaya eka hI vyakti hotA, to mahAvIra ke pAsa usake dIkSita hone kI carcA kaise milatI ? zreNika bimbisAra ke anekAneka rAjakumAra the / kinhIM do kA nAma sAmya koI Azcarya kA viSaya nahIM / vastutaH eka hI vyakti ke lie donoM paramparAoM kI ye sArI carcAe~ hoM, to yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina-dIkSA kA ullekha anuttarovavAIyadasA Agama kA hai / yaha mUlabhUta gyAraha aMgoM meM eka hai| usakA racanA-kAla vikrama pUrva dUsarI zatAbdI ke pUrva kA hI hai| bauddha-dIkSA kA ullekha aTThakathA tathA therAapadAna kA hai| aTThakathA to uttarakAlika hai hI, apadAna bhI piTaka - sAhitya meM sabase uttaravartI mAnA jAtA hai | 3 udrAyaNa donoM paramparAoM meM dIkSita hone vAloM meM eka nAma rAjA udrAyana kA bhI hai / boddhagrantha avadAnakalpalatA ke anusAra isakA nAma udrAyaNa tathA divyAvadAna' ke anusAra rudrAyaNa hai / uttaravartI jaina sAhitya meM bhI isakA nAma 'udrAyaNa' milatA hai / donoM hI paramparAoM ke anusAra yaha sindhusauvIra deza kA svAmI thaa| mahAvIra aura buddha ke samparka meM Ane kA varNana pRthak-pRthak prakAra se milatA hai| rAjadhAnI kA nAma jaina mAnyatA meM bItabhaya hai aura bauddha mAnyatA meM roka hai| dharma-preraNA donoM 'paramparAoM ke anusAra usakI divaMgata rAnI svarga se Akara karatI hai / mahAvIra magadha se sindhusauvIra jAkara use dIkSita karate haiM, buddha rAjA ke sindhusauvIra se magadha Ane para use dIkSita karate haiM / donoM hI paramparAoM ke anusAra dIkSita hone ke pazcAt bhikSu udAyana ( udrAyaNa) apanI rAjadhAnI meM jAte haiM aura duSTa amAtyoM kI preraNA se rAjA unakA vadha karavA detA hai / jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra dIkSA se pUrva udrAyaNa ne apanA rAjya apane bhAneja kezI ko sauMpA thA, isalie ki merA putra abhIcakumAra rAjA hokara narakagAmI na bane / bauddha mAnyatA ke anusAra usane apanA rAjya apane putra zikhaNDI ko sauMpA thaa| donoM hI paramparAoM ke anusAra rAjA kevalI yA arhat hokara nirvANa prApta karatA hai aura daivI prakopa se nagara ghulisAt ho jAtA hai / " 1. paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, Agama-yuga kA jaina darzana pR0 28 / 2. therA apadAna, bhaddiyavaggo, abhayattheraapadAnaM / 3. bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa, khuddaka nikAya, khaNDa 7, nAlandA, Introduction, P. v. 4. avadAna, 40 / 5. vahI, 37 / 6. uddAyaNa rAyA, tAvasabhatto - AvazyakacUrNa, pUrvArdha, patra 366 / 7. jaina vivaraNa ke lie dekheM, 'bhikSu saMgha aura usakA vistAra' prakaraNa ke antargata 'udAyana' tathA bauddha vivaraNa ke lie dekheM, divyAvadAna, rUdrAyaNAvadAna, 37 / 2010_05

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bAgama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa : rUdrAyaNAvavAna prakaraNa pAli-sAhitya meM nahIM hai aura na vaha hInayAna-paramparA ke anya kathA-sAhitya meM bhI kahIM milatA hai| divyAvadAna aura avadAnakalpatA; ye donoM hI grantha mahAyAna-paramparA ke haiM / mahAyAnI tripiTaka mUlataH saMskRta meM hI haiM aura ve uttarakAlika haiM / ' divyAvadAna svayaM meM eka saMkalana mAtra hai aura isakA racanA-kAla IsvI 200 se 350 taka kA mAnA jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM bahuta sammava hai hI ki udrAyana ke jaina AkhyAna ko rUdrAyaNAvadAna ke rUpa meM parivartita kiyA gayA hai| eka hI rAjA mahAvIra aura buddha donoM ke pAsa dIkSA le aura mokSa prApta kare, yaha sambhava bhI kaise ho sakatA hai ? isa kathAnaka kI kRtrimatA isase bhI vyakta hotI hai ki rAjA bimbisAra aura udrAyaNa kAmaitrI-sambandha ThIka usI prakAra se karAyA jAtA hai, jaisA ki jaina paramparA meM abhayakumAra aura ArdrakakumAra kA karAyA jAtA hai tathA bauddha paramparA meM bimbisAra aura pakkusAti kA karAyA jAtA haiN| isa avadAna se yaha bhI bhalIbhAMti spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki mahAvIra aura buddha donoM ke pAsa eka hI vyakti ke dIkSita hone ke jo anya prakaraNa haiM, ve bhI eka-dUsarI paramparA meM rUpAntarita kiye gaye ho sakate haiN| khyAtanAmA vyakti ko apane-apane dharma meM samAhita karane kA DharrA bahuta pahale se rahA hai| yahI to kAraNa hai ki rAma vaidika, bauddha va jaina ; sabhI paramparAoM ke eka Adarza puruSa bana rahe haiM / sabhI paramparAoM ne apane-apane DhaMga se unakI jIvana-kathA gar3hI hai| udAyana kA jaina AkhyAna jaina Agama bhagavatI meM milatA hai| uttarajjhayaNANi me6 isakA saMkSipta ullekha hai| ina prAkRta granthoM ke atirikta yaha kathAnaka uttaravartI TIkA va cUrNi-sAhitya meM bhI carcita huA hai| . jaina Agama udAyana ke putra abhIcakamAra ko bhI nigaNTha-upAsaka mAnate haiN| rAjya na dene ke kAraNa pitA ke prati usake mana meM droha banA rahA ; ataH vaha asura-yoni meM utpanna huaa| caNDa-pradyota yuddha-priyatA zreNika bimbisAra aura ajAtazatru kUNika ke atirikta jisa rAjA kA nAma donoM paramparAoM meM AtA hai, vaha hai-caNDa-pradyota / donoM hI paramparAoM ke anusAra vaha rAjA prArambha meM bahuta caNDa, yuddha-premI, vyasanI va anIti-parAyaNa thaa| donoM hI paramparAoM meM usake 1. divyAvadAna, sampA0 pI0ela0 vaidya, prstaavnaa| 2. vahI, pR0 17 / 3. dekheM, 'gozAlaka' prakaraNa ke antargata 'aardrkkumaar'| 4. dekheM, isI prakaraNa ke antargata 'zreNika bimbisaar'| 5. zataka 13, uddezaka 6 / 6. a0 18, gA048 / 7. bhagavatI sUtra, zataka 13, uddezaka 6 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] anuyAyI rAjA 317 yuddhoM ke aneka ullekha milate haiM / vatsa deza ke rAjA udayana aura caNDa-pradyota kA yuddha-vivaraNa donoM paramparAoM meM bahuta kucha samAnatA se milatA hai|' isa yuddha kA purANa-sAhitya meM bhI samullekha hai| usI ghaTanA-prasaMga para mahAkavi bhAsa ne prasiddha nATaka svapnavAsavadattA likhA hai| __jaina paramparA ke anusAra caNDa pradyota ne sindhusauvIra ke rAjA udAyana ke sAtha, vatsa-nareza zatAnIka ke sAtha, magadha ke rAjA bimbisAra ke sAtha tathA pAMcAla deza ke rAjA dummaha ke sAtha yuddha kiyaa| udAyana ke sAtha svarNa-gulikA dAsI ke lie, zatAnIka ke sAtha rAnI mRgAvatI ke lie dummaha ke sAtha 'dvimukha-avabhAsaka' mukuTa ke lie tathA zreNika ke sAtha usake bar3hate hue prabhAva ko na saha sakane ke kAraNa usane yuddha kiyaa| ukta sAre hI ghaTanAprasaMga rocakatA aura adbhutatA se bhare-pUre haiN| ___ majjhima nikAya ke anusAra ajAtazatru ne bhI caNDa-pradyota ke bhaya se rAjagRha meM killAbandI kI thii| ukta anya yuddhoM ke ullekha bauddha-paramparA meM nahIM haiN| kisa dharma kA anuyAyI? jaina dhAraNA ke anusAra caNDa-pradyota jaina dharma kI ArAdhanA to taba Arambha kara detA hai, jaba dharmaniSTha zrAvaka udAyana rAjA ke dvArA bandI-avasthA se mukta kiyA jAtA hai| isase pUrva to vaha yahI kahatA thA- "mere mAtA-pitA zrAvaka the|" mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa meM zatanIka rAjA kI patnI mRgAvatI tathA caNDa pradyota kI zivA Adi 8 patniyA~ dIkSita huI taba svayaM caNDa-pradyota bhI vahA~ upasthita thaa| vahI usakA mahAvIra se prathama sAkSAtkAra thA aura usI meM usane vidhivata jaina dharma svIkAra kiyA thaa|" bauddha mAnyatA ke anusAra caNDa-pradyota ko dharma-bodha bhikSu mahAkAtyAyana ke dvArA milA / ye bhikSa -jIvana se pUrva caNDa-pradyota ke rAja-purohita the| caNDa-pradyota ne unheM buddha ko 1. dhammapada aTThakathA, 2-1; triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, parva 10, sarga 11, zloka 184 265 / 2. kathAsaritsAgara, 12 / 16 / 6 / 3. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, parva 10, sarga 11,, zloka 445-567; uttarAdhyayana sUtra, a0 18, nemicandra kRta vRtti; bharatezvara-bAhubalI vRtti, bhAga 1, patra 177-1 / 4. triSaSTizAlAkApuruSacaritra, parva 10. sarga 11, zloka 184-265 / 5. vahI, parva 10, sarga 11, zloka 172-263 / 6. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, a06, nemicandra kRta TIkA 7. 3-1-8, gopaka bhoggalAna sutt| 8. tataH pradyotano rAjA jaina dharma zuddhamArarAdha / -maratezvara-bAhubalI-vRtti, bhAga 1, patra 177 / 6. zrAvako pitarau mm| ___ -triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, 101111567 / 10. bharatezvara-bAhubalI-vRtti, dvitIya vibhAga, pa0 323 / 11. tatazcaNDapradyoto dharmamaGgIkRtya svapuram yayau / -vahI, 2-323 / ___ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 AmaMtrita karane ke lie bhejA thaa| buddha svayaM nahIM aaye| mahAkAtyAyana ko dIkSita kara ujjanI bheja diyaa| usa prasaMga para caNDa-pradyota buddha kA anuyAyI bnaa| buddha se usake sAkSAskAra kA koI ghaTanA-prasaMga bauddha-sAhitya meM nahIM miltaa| donoM hI paramparAoM ke AdhArabhUta granthoM meM caNDa-pradyota ke sambandha meM dharmAnuyAyI hone kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| kathA-sAhitya meM hI mukhyataH sArA vivaraNa milatA hai / vaha mahAvIra aura buddha kA anuyAyI kaise rahA, yaha eka prazna hI raha jAtA hai| ho sakatA hai, pahale vaha eka kA anuyAyI rahA ho, phira dUsare kaa| yaha bhI sambhava hai, donoM hI paramparAoM se rahe yatkicit samparka ko bhI bar3hAvA dekara kathAkAroM ne apanA-apanA anuyAyI banA liyA ho| udayana kauzAmbI kA rAjA udayana bhI eka aitihAsika vyakti rahA hai| jaina, bauddha aura vaidika, tInoM hI paramparAoM meM isakA jIvana-vRtta yatkicit bheda-prabheda se milatA hai| isa rAjA ke pAsa hAthioM kI bahuta bar3I senA thii| vINA bajAkara yaha hAthioM ko pakar3A karatA thaa| AgamoM meM jainAgama bhagavatI meM batAyA gayA hai, "usa samaya vahA~ rAjA sahasrAnIka kA pautra, zatAnIka kA putra, vaizAlI ke rAjA ceTaka kI putrI mRgAvatI devI kA Atmaja, zramaNopAsikA jayantI kA bhatIjA, udayana nAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra kauzAmbI meM pdhaare| yaha saMvAda pAkara rAjA udayana hRSTa-tuSTa huaa| usane kauTumbika puruSa ko bulAyA aura kUNika kI taraha saba AjJAe~ diiN| "kUNika kI taraha hI sAjasajjA se vaha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa meM gyaa| usake sAtha usakI mAtA mRgAvatI tathA bUA jayantI* gii| saba ne dharma-dezanA sunii|" jaina Agama vipAka meM usakI rAnI padmAvatI kI durAcAra kathA kA varNana hai / gautama mahAvIra se isa sambandha meM aneka prazna karate haiM aura mahAvIra vistAra se unakA uttara dete haiN| vipAka sUtra meM bhI isa rAjA ko himAlaya kI taraha mahAn aura pratApI batAyA gayA hai| jaina kathA-sAhitya meM caNDa-pradyota ke sAtha hone vAle yuddha tathA vAsavadattA-sambandhI varNana bhI vistAra se milatA hai / 1. vizeSa vistAra ke lie dekheM, 'bhikSu-saMgha aura usakA vistAra' prakaraNa ke antargata 'mahAkAtyAyana' ; tathA theragAthA-aTThakathA, bhAga 1, pR0 483 / 2. zataka 12, uddezaka 2 / 3. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dekheM, isI prakaraNa ke antargata 'ajAtazatru kuunnik'| 4. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dekheM, 'bhikSu-saMgha aura usakA vistAra' prakaraNa ke antargata _ 'jyntii'| 5. zrutaskandha 1, adhyayana 5 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paraparA] anuyAyI rAjA 316 tripiTakoM meM bauddha mAnyatA ke anusAra udayana prArambha meM buddha aura unake bhikSu-saMgha kA virodhI thaa| eka bAra ghoSaka, kukkuTa aura pAvAriya; ina tIna zreSThioM ne buddha ko kauzAmbI meM AmaMtrita kiyaa| buddha kA upadeza sunane ke lie zyAmAvatI rAnI kI paricArikA khujjuttarA jAyA karatI thii| buddha ke upadezoM kA vaha anuvacana bhI karane lgii| usake samparka se rAnI zyAmAvatI bhI buddha ke prati zraddhAzIla ho gii| jaba buddha rAjaprAsAda ke nikaTa se hokara jAte, to gavAkSoM se vaha unheM praNAma krtii| usakI sauta mAgandiyA rAnI ne yaha saba udayana ko batA diyaa| udayana buddha aura bhikSu-saMgha kA virodhI thaa| vaha zyAmAvatI se aprasanna ho gyaa| usane usake vadha kA bhI prayatna kiyaa| daivI ghaTanA se vaha baca gii| rAjA kA krodha zAnta huA / usane zyAmAvatI ke anurodha para bauddha bhikSuoM ko rAjaprAsAda meM bhojana karAne kI bhI anujJA dii| bhojana ke uparAnta rAjaprAsAda kI mahilAe~ bhikSuoM ko vastra-dAna krtiiN| udayana ne isakA bhI virodha kiyaa| Ananda ke samajhAne para usane vastra-dAna kI upayogitA maanii|| udayana kA buddha se kabhI sAkSAt huA, aisA ullekha nahIM miltaa| saMyutta nikAya ke anusAra piNDola bhAradvAja se usane kauzAmbI ke ghoSitArAma meM meMTa kI / 'taruNa loga kaise bhikSu ho jAte haiM ?' isa viSaya para carcA kI aura anta meM kahA-"maiM bhagavAn kI zaraNa jAtA hU~, dharma kI zaraNa jAtA hU~ aura bhikSu-saMgha kI zaraNa jAtA huuN| bhAradvAja ! Aja se Ajanma mujhe zaraNAgata upAsaka svIkAra kreN|" samIkSA udayana-sambandhI sabhI jaina samullekha zlAghAparaka hI haiM, jaba ki prArambha ke sabhI bauddha samullekha azlAghAparaka haiN| eka bAra usane piMDola bhAradvAja para lAla cITiyAM bhI chur3avAIM, aisA bhI varNana milatA hai| buddha ne bhI usa ghaTanA-prasaMga ko sunakara kahA-"yaha udayana isI jIvana meM nahIM, pichale jIvana meM bhI bhikSuoM ke lie kaSTa kAraka rahA hai|" isa sthiti meM yaha to nizcita rUpa se kahA hI jA sakatA hai ki udayana pahale mahAvIra kA anuyAyI rahA hai| isa tathya ke samarthana meM kevala itanA hI AdhAra nahIM hai ki jaina paramparA meM isakA varNana zlAghAparaka hai aura bauddha paramparA meM azlAghAparaka ; parantu, usake janaka zatAnIka, usakI mAtA mRgAvatI tathA bUA jayantI kA jaina honA bhI udayana ke jaina hone ko puSTa karatA hai| buddha ke prati udayana ke mana meM nirAdara kA bhAva banA rahA, usakA eka nimitta mAgandikA rAnI bhI thii| vaha apanI kumArAvasthA se hI buddha ke prati kupita thii| usakA 1. ye tInoM zreSThI pahale itara bhikSuo ko mAnate the| phira bauddha bane / apane-apane nAma se ArAma banAye / vizeSa vivaraNa dekheM, dhammapada-aTThakathA, 2.1 / 2. dhammapada aTThakathA, 2-1 ke AdhAra se ; tathA DaoN0 nalinAkSadatta, uttara pradeza meM bauddha dharma kA vikAsa, pR0 114 / 3. 34.3-3-4 / 4. ghaTanA kA vistAra evaM pUrva-janma sambandhI vRttAnta dekheM, jAtaka aTThakathA, mAtaMga jAtaka sN0467| ____ 2010_05

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320 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 pitA cAhatA thA, merI kanyA jitanI sundara hai, utanA hI sandara use pati mile| isa AturatA meM usane buddha se mAgandikA ke sAtha pANi-grahaNa karane kI prArthanA kara dii| buddha ne use burA mAnA aura kahA-"tuma isa mala-mUtra se bharI putalI ko sundara kahate ho ? maiM ise paira se chUnA bhI pasanda nahIM krtaa|"1 vaha mAgandikA udayana ko byAhI gaI, para, apane nirAdara ke kAraNa buddha ke prati usake mana meM sadA hI ghRNA kA bhAva rhaa| udayana usake prabhAva meM thA hI ; ataH vaha buddha kA anuyAyI kaise ho pAtA? zaraNAgata upAsaka hone Adi ke ullekhoM se avazya yaha pratIta hotA hai ki zanaiH zanaiH buddha aura bauddha saMgha ke prati rahI udayana kI ghRNA miTatI gaI aura vaha unake nikaTa hotA gyaa| ___ mahAvIra ke pazcAt buddha 25 varSa jIye, 2 isa sthiti meM yaha adhika sambhava hai hI ki bauddha bhikSu-saMgha ke bar3hate hue prabhAva se udayana prabhAvita huA aura piNDola bhAradvAja ke samparka se buddha kA anuyAyI bhI banA ho| isake putra bodhirAjakumAra kA varNana kevala tripiTaka-sAhitya meM hI milatA hai, aura usake janaka zatAnIka Adi kA varNana Agama sAhitya meM milatA hai, to yaha bhI udayana ke pahale jaina aura phira bauddha hone kA eka Thosa AdhAra hai| prasenajit buddha kA anuyAyI kosala-rAja prasenajit bhI mahAvIra aura buddha ke samasAmayika rAjAoM meM eka aitihAsika rAjA rahA hai| vaha pahale vaidika dharma kA anuyAyI thaa| bar3e-bar3e yajJa-yAga karAtA thA / saMyutta nikAya ke anusAra usane eka yajJa ke lie 500 baila, 500 bachar3e, 500 bachar3iyAM 500 bakariyAM, 500 bher3a Adi ekatrita kiye the| buddha ke upadeza se una saba kA binA vadha kiye hI yajJa kA visarjana kara diyaa| isa prakAra aneka bAra ke samparka se vaha buddha kA dRr3ha anuyAyI bana gyaa| yaha suvidita hai hI ki buddha ne apane antima 25 varSAvAsa zrAvastI ke hI jetavana aura pUrvArAma vihAra meM bitAye the| prasenajit kA buddha se satata samparka banA rahanA svAbhAvika hI thaa| vaha buddha se aneka choTe-bar3e prazna pUchatA hI rahatA thaa| saMyutta nikAya meM eka kosalasaMyutta pUrA prasenajit rAjA ke praznoM kA hI hai| isI prakaraNa kA eka ullekhanIya saMsmaraNa hai- "usa samaya kosala-rAja prasenajit 1. dhammapada aTThakathA, 2 / 1; tasmAdimAM mUtrapurISapUNAM spraSTuM hi yattAmapi notsaheyam / -divyAvadAna, 36 / 2. dekheM, 'kAla nirNaya' prakaraNa ke antargata 'mahAvIra aura buddha kI smsaayiktaa'| 3. bodhirAjakumAra usakI rAnI vAsavadattA kA putra thA aura buddha kA parama upAsaka thaa| vizeSa vivaraNa dekheM, majjhima nikAya, bodhirAjakumAra sutta, 2 / 4 / 5; majjhima nikAya-aTThakathA, 2 / 4 / 5 / 4. kosala saMyutta, yaJa sutta, 3-1-6 / 5. dhammapada-aTThakathA, 5-1; Buddhist Legends, vol. II, p. 104 ff. 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] anuyAyI rAjA 321 droNa bhara bhojana karatA thA / taba kosala rAja prasenajit bhojana kara, lambI-lambI sAMsa lete, jahA~ bhagavAn the, vahA~ AyA aura bhagavAn kA abhivAdana kara eka ora baiTha gayA / taba, kosala- rAja prasenajit ko bhojana kara lambI-lambI sAMsa lete dekhakara bhagavAn ke mu~ha se usa samaya yaha gAthA nikala par3I - manujasa sadA satImato mattaM jAnato laddhabhojane / tanu tassa bhavanti vedanA saNikaM jIrati Ayu pAlayaM // sadA smRtimAn rahane vAle, prApta bhojana meM mAtrA jAnane vAle, usa manuSya kI vedanAyeM kama hotI haiM, ( vaha bhojana ) Ayu ko pAlatA huA dhIre-dhIre hajama hotA hai / usa samaya sudarzana mANavaka rAjA taba rAjA ne sudarzana mANavaka ko tuma yaha gAthA sIkha lo| mere bhojana karane ke pratidina tumheM sau kahA paNa ( = kArSApaNa ) milA kareMge / ke pIche khar3A thA / "mahArAja ! bahuta acchA", kaha, sudarzana mANavaka ne rAjA ko uttara de, bhagavAn se... usa gAthA ko sIkha, rAjA ke bhojana karane ke samaya kahA karatA-- AmaMtrita kiyA-- tAta sudarzana ! bhagavAn se samaya yaha gAthA par3hanA / isake lie barAbara 2010_05 sadA smRtimAn rahane vAle, prApta bhojana meM mAtrA jAnane vAle, usa manuSya kI vedanAyeM kama hotI haiM, ( vaha bhojana ) Ayu ko pAlatA huA dhIre-dhIre hajama hotA hai / taba, rAjA***kramazaH nAli bhara hI bhojana karane lagA / taba kucha samaya ke bAda rAjA kA zarIra bar3A suDaula aura gaThIlA ho gayA / apane gAloM para hAtha pherate hue rAjA ke mu~ha se usa samaya udAna ke yaha zabda nikala par3e 1. sutta nikAya 3-2-3 / "are ! ***bhagavAn ne donoM taraha se mujhapara anukampA kI hai; isa loka kI bAtoM meM aura paraloka kI bAtoM meM bhI / "" isake atirikta tripiTaka - sAhitya meM vividha sthaloM para rAjA prasenajit ke vividha ghaTanA-prasaMga milate haiM, jinameM se kucha eka prastuta graMtha meM carce kie jA cuke haiM / - usa yuga kA prasiddha DAkU aMgulimAla prasenajit ke rAjaguru gagga kA hI putra thA / aMgulimAla jaba pravrajita ho buddha ke pAsa baiThA thA, tabhI prasenajit 500 azvArohiyoM ke sAtha use khojane jA rahA thaa| buddha ne bhikSu aMgulimAla kA hAtha pakar3akara use prasenajit ke

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 sAmane kara diyA / "yaha aMgulimAla ! " itanA jAnate hI rAjA bhayabhIta huA, romAMcita huA; stabdha huA; usake zarIra se sveda baha niklaa| buddha ne kahA- rAjA ! Daro mata / aba isase tumheM bhaya nahIM hai / " vastu-sthiti samajha lene ke pazcAt prasenajit ne isa adbhuta saphalatA ke lie buddha kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI / ' 322 buddha meM anurakti ke kAraNa buddha ke dvArA yaha pUche jAne para, "rAjan ! mujha meM hI tuma itane anurakta kyoM rahate ho ?" prasenajit ne mukhyataH do uttara diye 1. "aneka saMnyAsiyoM ko jAnatA hU~ jo 20 se 40 varSa taka gRha tyAgI rahakara punaH gRhastha jIvana meM lauTa Aye aura viSaya bhoga meM par3a gaye / parantu kisI bauddha bhikSu ko aisA karate maiMne nahIM dekhA / maiMne pitA, mAtA aura putra ko tathA rAjAoM aura unake sAmantoM ko paraspara lar3ate dekhA hai, parantu, bauddha bhikSuoM ko sadA zAnti aura mela se rahate pAyA hai / maiMne aise saMnyAsiyoM ko dekhA hai, jo rugNa hokara pIle par3a gaye haiM, parantu bauddha bhikSuoM meM kisI ko aisA nahIM paayaa| maiMne nyAyAlayoM meM logoM ko anargala pralApa karate hue sunA hai, kintu, jisa sabhA meM buddha kA pravacana hotA hai, usameM maiMne kabhI kisI ko khA~sate hue bhI nahIM sunA / vahA~ koI prazna bhI nahIM karatA, jaise ki maiMne anya dharmAcAryoM kI sabhA meM logoM ko karate dekhA hai / " 2. " bhagavAn bhI kSatriya haiM, maiM bhI kSatriya hUM, bhagavAn bhI kosalaka (= kosalavAsI, kosala - gotraja) haiM, maiM bhI kosalaka hU~ / bhagavAn bhI assI varSa ke, maiM bhI assI varSa kA / isalie yogya hI hai, bhagavAn kA parama sammAna karanA, vicitra gaurava pradarzita karanA / 2 prasenajit kI eka pramukha rAnI mallikA thii| vaha buddha kI parama bhaktA thI / buddha kI ora rAjA ko prabhAvita karane meM vaha bhI sadA preraka rahatI thI / ajAtazatru ko vyAhI jAne vAlI vajirA usakI hI kanyA thI / viDUDabha prasenajit ne buddha se sAmIpya bar3hAne ke nimitta zAkyoM se eka rAja- kanyA mA~gI / zAkyoM ne jAti meM apane se hIna mAnakara kanyA denA na cAhA; 'para vaha balavAn hai' isa bhaya se mahAnAma zAkya kI dAsI se utpanna kanyA vAsabha- khattiyA kA vivAha usake sAtha kara diyA / prasenajit ko isakA patA na cale, isalie mahAnAma svayaM dAsI-sutA ke sAtha bhojana karane baiThA / bhojana kA prathama grAsa hAtha meM lete hI pUrva yojanA anusAra sandeza vAhaka AyA aura mahatvapUrNa sandeza kA bahAnA banAkara vaha bhojana kiye binA bIca meM hI uTha gayA / prasenajit ne use kSatriya - kanyA mAna agramahiSI banA diyaa| isase viDUDama kumAra kA janma huA / vaha bahuta zauryazAlI thA / alpAvasthA meM hI senApati batA diyA gayA / vaha 16 varSa kI Ayu meM bar3e jana-samUha ke sAtha apanI nanihAla gayA / zAkyoM ne usase choTI Ayu vAle jitane 1. majjhimanikAya, aMgulimAla, suttanta, 2 / 4 / 6 | 2. majjhimanikAya, 2-2-6 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] anuyAyI rAjA 323 rAjaputra the, unheM nagara ke bAhara bheja diyA / bar3e-bar3e usake svAgata meM ekatrita hue| viDUDabha ne eka-ekakara sabako praNAma kiyA, para use praNAma karane vAlA eka bhI nahIM milaa| vaha mana meM sandehazIla huaa| vahAM se usake prasthAna karane para usake baiThane kA kASThapITha dUdha aura pAnI se dhulvaayaa| usake karmakara ko isa bAta kA patA claa| usane zrAvastI jAte viDUDabha ko sArA vRttAnta btaayaa| vaha yaha jAnakara ki 'maiM dAsI kA putra hUM, isalie hI kisI zAkya ne mujhe namaskAra nahIM kiyA aura mere Asana ko dUdha va pAnI se dhulavAyA, atyanta krodhita huA aura pratijJA kI-'zAkyoM kA samUla nAza kruuNgaa|' prasenajit ko jaba yaha patA calA ki vAsabha-khattiyA dAsI kanyA hai, usane use aura viDUDabha ko dAsa-dAsiyoM kI zreNI meM DAla diyaa| buddha ne use samajhAyA-"rAjan ! vAsabha khattiyA mahAnAma zAkya se utpanna huI hai, viDUDama tumase utpanna huA hai| isa sthiti meM mAtR-kula kA koI mahatva nahIM raha jaataa|" rAjA ne una donoM ko punaH yathAsthAna sthApita kiyaa| dIrghakArAyaNa prasenajit kA senApati thaa| usake mAtula ko maravAkara use senApati banAyA thA / antaraMga meM vaha rAjA kA vidrohI thaa| eka bAra prasenajit buddha ke darzanArtha gyaa| buddha ke nikaTa jAte mukuTa aura talavAra dIrghakArAyaNa ke hAtha meM thmaae| vaha unheM lekara cupacApa vahA~ se khisakA aura viDUDabha se milakara use hI rAjA banA diyaa| dharma-carcA ke pazcAt rAjA ko isa bAta kI avagati huii| vaha ajAtazatru se sahayoga pAne rAjagRha aayaa| nagara ke dvAra banda mile| usane nagara ke bAhara dharmazAlA meM rAta kATane kA vicAra kiyaa| rAjA thakA-mA~dA thaa| dhUpa aura lU se utpIr3ita thA / rAta ko vahIM usakA prANAnta ho gyaa| prAtaH ajAtazatru ko isa bAta kA patA calA, to usane sasammAna usakI antyeSTi kriyA kii| viDDama ne zAkyoM para car3hAI kii| zAkya usake parAkrama se ghabarA gye| kisI ne maMha meM tRNa liyA, kisI ne nala (jlvet)| ve baca gye| zeSa dudha-muMhe baccoM taka kA usane saMhAra kiyA aura unake rakta se apanA kASTha-pITha dhulvaayaa| kahA jAtA hai, isa saMdarbha meM 77000 zAkya mAre gye| itihAsakAroM kA abhimata hai ki isI ghaTanA-prasaMga ke sAtha zAkyagaNatantra kA anta huaa|2 / vahA~ se zrAvastI lauTate acIravatI nadI meM akasmAt bAr3ha A jAne se vaha aura usakI sArI senA nidhana ko prApta huI / ' hai sAriputta ko anAgata buddha kA upadeza karate buddha ne prasenajit ke lie caturtha buddha hone kI ghoSaNA kii| 1. avadAnakalpalatA; Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, vol. II p. 877 foot note. 2. hindU sabhyatA, pR0 164; Buddhist India, p. 11. 3. dhammapada-aTThakathA, 4-3 ke AdhAra se| 4. anAgatavaMza; Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, vol. II, p. 174. ____ 2010_05

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324 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 jaina AgamoM meM isa prasenajit kA nAma Agama-granthoM meM kahIM bhI nahIM miltaa| zrAvastI ke rAjA kA nAma jitazatru AtA hai / ' mahAvIra se usakA sAkSAt huA, yaha bhI spaSTa nahIM hai| mahAvIra ke do pramukha zrAvaka zrAvastI ke the--nandinIpiA aura saahiliipiaa| unake lie AyA hai-jahA ANande tahA niggae / isa 'tahA' (tathA) zabda se jitazatru ke bhI vandanArtha jAne kA artha nikAlA jAtA hai, para, vaha bahuta hI dUrAnvayI lagatA hai| Agama-racayitAoM ne vANijya grAma, campA, vArANasI, AlambhiyA Adi aneka nagariyoM ke rAjA kA nAma jitazatru mAnA hai| lagatA hai, usa yuga meM 'jitazatru' eka aisA guNavAcaka zabda thA, jo kisI bhI rAjA ke lie prayukta kiyA jA sakatA thaa| rAyapaseNiya Agama meM zrAvastI ke rAjA jitazatru kA kucha vistRta varNana AtA hai, para, mahAvIra ke sAtha usakA koI sambandha ho, aisA ullekha nahIM hai| dIgha nikAya ke anusAra rAjA pradezI prasenajitta ke adhIna thaa| rAyapaseNiya Agama ke anusAra jitazatru pradezI rAjA kA antevAsI thaa| kauna kisake adhIna thA, isa carcA meM hama na bhI jAeM, to bhI itanA niSkarSa to ina ullekhoM se nikala hI jAtA hai ki prasenajit ko hI jaina paramparA meM jitazatru kahA gayA hai| yaha bhI bahuta sambhava hai ki vaha buddha kA parama anuyAyI thA, isalie hI Agama-racayitAoM na usake jIvana-sambandhI ghaTanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai aura na usake prasenajit nAma kA hI; varNana-zailI ke anusAra jahA~ zrAvastI ke rAjA kA nAma apekSita huA, vahA~ se use upekSA-bhAva se 'jitazatru' kaha diyA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha to nahIM lenA caahie| anya jina-jina rAjAoM ko jitazatru kahA gayA hai, una sabakA bhI yahI nimitta ho|| zrAvastI kA rAjA bhale hI mahAvIra kA anuyAyI na rahA ho, para, isameM sandeha nahIM ki zrAvastI nirgranthoM kA bhI mukhya kendra thii| kezIkumAra aura gautama kI carcA yahIM hotI hai| mahAvIra ke sAtha gozAlaka kA vivAda yahIM hotA hai / zrAvastI ke upAsaka mahAvIra ke darzanArtha samUha rUpa meM kayaMgalA gaye, aisA bhI ullekha hai|4 ceTaka jisa prakAra prasenajit kA ullekha Agama-graMthoM meM nahIM milatA, usa prakAra rAjA ceTaka kA ullekha tripiTaka graMthoM meM nahIM miltaa| prasenajit kI taraha vaha bhI usa yuga kA eka aitihAsika vyakti thaa| tripiTaka granthoM meM usakA ullekha na hone kA kAraNa bhI yahI ho sakatA hai ki vaha bhagavAn mahAvIra kA parama upAsaka thaa| jaina-paramparA rAjA ceTaka ko dRr3hadharmI upAsaka ke rUpa meM mAnatI hai| yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki sArmika rAjA ke ati. rikta anya rAjA ko apanI kanyA na byAhane kA usakA praNa thA; para, Agama granthoM meM to 1. uvAsagadazAo a06,10rAyapaseNiya suttaM / 2. dekheM, uvasagadasAo ke kramazaH a0 1, 2, 3, 5 ityAdi / 3. dIgha nikAya, 2 / 10 / / 4. bhagavatI, sUtra zataka, 2, uddezaka 1 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA anuyAyI rAjA 325 ceTaka ke nirgrantha upAsaka hone kA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM hai / Avazyaka cUrNi Adi uttara kAlika graMthoM meM hI use zrAvaka batAyA gayA hai / " sAtha-sAtha usake nirgrantha upAsaka hone meM jaina va jainetara paramparA meM koI virodhI pramANa nahIM milatA / isa sthiti meM vaha nirvivAda rUpa se hI jaina rAjA mAnA jA sakatA hai / parivAra bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mAtA trizalA rAjA kA ceTaka kI sagI bahana thI / usakI kanyAeM bhI prakhyAta rAjAoM ko byAhI gaIM thI aura ve svayaM bhI bahuta prakhyAta thIM / ve kramazaH - prabhAvatI vItabhaya ke rAjA udAyana ko, padmAvatI aMga deza ke rAjA dadhivAhana ko, mRgAvatI isa deza ke rAjA zatAnIka ko, zivA ujjaina ke rAjA canDa pradyota ko, jyeSThA mahAvIra ke bhrAtA nandIvardhana ko aura celanA magadha ke rAjA bimbisAra ko byAhI thiiN| eka kanyA sujyeSThA mahAvIra ke pAsa pravrajita ho gaI / vaizAlI - gaNatantra ceTaka kA rAjya vaizAlI - gaNatantra ke nAma se prasiddha thA / usa samaya choTe-bar3e aneka gaNataMtra rAjya the / ye 'saMgha rAjya' yA 'saMgha' bhI kahalAte the / jAtaka aTTha kathA ke anusAra vaizAlI-gaNatantra ke 7707 sadasya the / ve saba rAjA kahalAte the / mahAvIra ke pitA rAjA siddhArtha bhI inameM se eka the; aisA mAnA gayA hai| pANinI ke anusAra ina rAjAoM kA abhiSeka hotA thA aura ve apane-apane kSetra ke adhipati hote the / abhiSikta rAjAoM kI pracalita saMjJA 'rAjanya' thI / lalita vistara meM batAyA gayA hai ki licchavI paraspara eka-dUsare ko choTA yA bar3A nahIM mAnate the / sabhI samajhate - ahaM rAjA, ahaM rAjA / pratyeka rAjA ke apane-apane uparAjA, senApati, mANDArika Adi hote / vaizAlI meM inake pRthak-pRthaka prAsAda, ArAma Adi the / 7707 rAjAoM kI zAsana - sabhA 'saMgha sabhA' kahalAtI thI aura inakA gaNatantra ' vajjI - saMgha' yA 'licchatrI - saMgha' kahalAtA thA / gaNataMtra meM nau-nau licchaviyoM kI do upasamitiyA~ thiiN| eka nyAya -kArya ko saMbhAlatI thI aura eka pararASTra kArya ko / isa dUsarI samiti ne hI mallakI, licchavI aura kAzIkozala ke gaNarAjAoM kA saMgaThana banAyA thA, jisake adhyakSa mahArAja ceTaka the 1 1. (ka) so ceDavo sAvao / -- Avazyaka cUrNi, uttarArdha, patra 164 / (kha) ceTakastu zrAvako / - triSaSTizalAkA puruSacaritra, 10-6-188 / 2. hindU sabhyatA, pR0 163 / 3. bhAga 1, pR0 336; (bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI) / 4. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra, bhA0 1, pR0 16 / 5. pANini vyAkaraNa, 6 / 2 / 34 / 6. 3 / 23 / 2010_05

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326 Agama aura tripiTaka: eka anazIlana [khaNDa : 1 jitazatru, siMha aura ceTaka ___DaoN0 harnale ne apane uvAsagadasAo Agama ke anuvAda meM vANijya grAma ke rAjA jitazatru aura ceTaka ko eka hI batA diyA hai, para yaha yathArtha nahIM hai| vaizAlI-gaNatantra meM jaba 7707 pRthak-pRthak rAjA the, taba una donoM ko eka mAnane kA koI kAraNa nahIM raha jaataa| DaoN0 oTo sTIna ne bhI isa viSaya ko aneka prakAra se spaSTa kiyA hai|' kucha loga kalpanA karate haiM ki bauddha-paramparA meM ullikhita siMha senApati aura janaparamparA meM ullikhita rAjA ceTaka eka hI vyakti the| isa dhAraNA kA AdhAra saMbhavataH yaha ho sakatA hai ki tibbatI paramparA ke anusAra rAjA bimbisAra kI rAnI vAsavI kI senApati kI putrI thI aura vahI ajAtazatru kI mAtA thii| para, isa bAta kI puSTi tibbatI paramparA ke atirikta aura kahIM se nahIM hotii| bimbisAra kA zvasura aura ajAtazatru kA nAnA siMha senApati hotA, to tripiTaka-sAhitya meM avazya isa sambandha kA ullekha milatA; ataH tibbatI anuzruti kA eka uttarakAlika dantakathA se adhika koI mahattva nahIM tthhrtaa| isake atirikta bauddha sAhitya meM siMha ko sarvatra 'senApati' kahA hai, jabaki ceTaka vaizAlIgaNarAjya kA rAjA thaa| yaha bhI sambhava nahIM hai ki rAjA ko hI senApati kaha diyA ho; kyoMki tatkAlIna vyavasthA meM rAjA aura senApati kA sthAna sarvathA pRthaka-pRthak batAyA gayA hai| DaoN. jyoti prasAda jaina kA kahanA hai-"mahArAjA ceTaka ke dasa putra the, jinameM se jyeSTha putra siMha athavA siMhabhadra vajjigaNa ke prasiddha senApati the|"5 jIvana-paricaya rAjA ceTaka ke jIvana kA adhikatama paricaya jaina-Agama nirayAvaliyA aura bhagavatI meM milatA hai, jo 'ajAtazatru kUNika' prakaraNa ke aMtargata likhA hI jA cukA hai| anya rAjA ukta rAjAoM ke atirikta aneka rAjAoM kA ullekha donoM hI paramparAoM meM AtA hai| unameM se kucha-eka rAjAoM kA varNana 'bhikSu-saMgha aura usakA vistAra' prakaraNa meM likhA 1. Jinist Studies, Ed by Muni Jina vijayji, Pub. by Jain Sahitya Sansodhka Studies, Ahmedabad, 1948. 2. udAharaNArtha dekheM, jayabhikkhu likhita gujarAtI upanyAsa, narakesarI, pR0 234 ttippnnii| 3. Rokhill, Life of Buddha p. 63. tathA dekheM, isI prakaraNa ke antargata 'ajAta___ zatru kuunnik|' 4. udAharaNArtha dekheM, 'tripiTakoM meM nigaMTha va nigaMTha nAtaputta' prakaraNa ke aMtargata 'siMha senApati' kA prsNg| 5. bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi, pR0 56 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA anuyAyI rAjA jA cukA hai aura kucha-eka kA anya prakaraNoM meM prasaMgopAtta varNana kiyA jA cukA hai| ye saba rAjA aise haiM, jo asaMdigdha rUpa se mahAvIra yA buddha ke anuyAyI haiN| kyoMki unakA varNana apanI-apanI paramparA meM hI milatA hai / anya bhI aneka rAjA donoM paramparAoM meM ullikhita haiM; para, tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se unakA vizeSa mahattva nahIM hai; ata: yahAM unakA ullekha anapekSita hai| cAra pratyeka buddha rAjAoM kA varNana donoM paramparAoM meM milatA hai| unakA vivaraNa va vivecana yathA-prasaMga kiyA jAnA hai| 2010_05

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15 mahAvIra kA parinirvANa pAvA meM aura buddha kA parinirvANa kuzInArA meM huaa| donoM kSetroM kI dUrI ke viSaya meM dIgha nikAya - aTThakathA ( sumaMgalavilAsinI ) batAtI hai - pAvAnagarato to gAvatAni kusinArAnagaraM arthAt pAvAnagara se tIna gavyUta ( tIna kosa) kusinArA thA / buddha pAvA se madhyAhna meM bihAra kara sAyaMkAla kusinArA pahu~cate haiM / ve rugNa the, asakta the; vizrAma le lekara vahA~ phuNce| isase bhI pratIta hotA hai ki pAvA se kuzInArA bahuta hI nikaTa thA / kapilavastu ( lumbinI) aura vaizAlI (kSatriya - kuNDapura ) ke bIca 250 mIla kI dUrI mAnI jAtI hai / ' janma kI 250 mIla kI kSetrIya dUrI nirvANa meM kevala 6 hI mIla kI raha gaI / kahanA cAhie, sAdhanA se jo nikaTa the, ve kSetra se bhI nikaTa ho gaye / parinirvANa donoM kI hI antyeSTi-kriyA malla-kSatriyoM dvArA sampanna hotI hai / mahAvIra ke nirvANa prasaMga para nau mallakI, nau licchavI; aThAraha kAzI - kauzala ke gaNarAjA pauSadha-vrata meM hote haiM aura prAtaHkAla antyeSTi-kriyA meM laga jAte haiM / buddha ke nirvANa-prasaMga para Ananda kuzInArA meM jAkara saMsthAgAra meM ekatrita malloM ko nirvANa kI sUcanA dete haiM / Ananda ne buddha ke nirvANa ke lie kuzInArA ko upayukta bhI nahIM samajhA thA; isase pratIta hotA hai ki malla buddha kI apekSA mahAvIra ke adhika nikaTa rahe hoM / indra va deva-gaNa donoM hI prasaMgoM para pramukhatA se bhAga lete haiM / mahAvIra kI citA ko agnikumAra devatA prajvalita karate haiM aura meghakumAra devatA use zAnta karate haiM / buddha kI citA ko bhI meghakumAra devatA zAnta karate haiN| donoM ke hI dAr3hA Adi avazeSa Urdhvaloka aura pAtAla loka ke indra le jAte haiN| donoM hI prasaMgoM para indra va devatA zokAtura hote haiM / itanA antara avazya hai ki mahAvIra kI antyeSTi meM devatA hI pramukha hote haiM, manuSya gauNa / buddha kI antyeSTi meM dIkhate rUpa meM saba kucha manuSya hI karate haiM, devatA adRSTa raha kara yogabhUta hote haiM; devatA kyA cAhate haiM, kaisA cAhate haiM, yaha arhat bhikSu malloM ko batAte rahate haiM / devatAoM ke sambandha meM bauddhoM kI ukti pariSkAraka lagatI hai / 2010_05 1. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kI bhUmikA, pR0 1; pra0 sUtrAgama prakAzana samiti, gur3agAMva, 1661 /

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itihAsa aura paramparA parinirvANa 329 antima varSa kA vihAra donoM kA hI rAjagRha se hotA hai| mahAvIra pAvA varSAvAsa karate haiM aura kArtika amAvasyA kI zeSa rAta meM vahIM nirvANa prApta karate haiN| pAvA aura rAjagRha ke bIca kA koI ghaTanAtmaka vivaraNa nahIM milatA aura na koI mahAvIra kI rugNatA kA hI ullekha milatA hai| baddha kA rAjagaha se kazInArA taka kA vivaraNa vistata rUpa se milatA hai| unakA zarIrAnta bhI sukaramaddava se udbhUta vyAdhi se hotA hai| unakI nirvANa-tithi vaizAkhI pUrNimA mukhyataH mAnI gaI hai; para, sarvAstivAda-paramparA ke anusAra to unakI nirvANa-tithi kArtika pUrNimA hai|' nirvANa se pUrva donoM hI vizeSa pravacana karate haiN| mahAvIra kA pravacana dIrghakAlika hotA hai aura buddha kA svalpa-kAlika / praznottara-carcA donoM kI vistRta hotI hai| aneka prazna ziSyoM dvArA pUche jAte haiM aura donoM dvArA yathocita uttara diye jAte haiN| donoM hI paramparAoM ke kucha prazna aise lagate haiM ki ve maulika na hokara pIche se jur3e hue haiN| lagatA hai, jina bAtoM ko mAnyatA denI thI, ve bAteM mahAvIra aura buddha ke muMha se kahalAI giiN| antima rAta meM donoM hI kramazaH rAjA hastipAla aura subhadra parivrAjaka ko dIkSA pradAna karate haiN| nirvANa-gamana jAnakara mahAvIra ke antevAsI gaNadhara gautama mohagata hote haiM aura rudana karate haiM-buddha ke upasthApaka Ananda mohagata hote haiM aura rudana karate haiN| gautama isa mohaprasaMga ke anantara hI kevalI ho jAte haiM; Ananda kucha kAla pazcAt arhat ho jAte haiN| ___ AyuSya-bala ke viSaya meM mahAvIra aura buddha; donoM sarvathA pRthak bAta kahate haiN| mahAvIra kahate haiM- "AyuSya-bala bar3hAyA jA sake, na kabhI aisA huA hai aura na kabhI aisA ho skegaa|" buddha kahate haiM-"tathAgata cAheM to kalpabhara jI sakate haiN|" ___mahAvIra kA nirvANa-prasaMga mUlataH kappasuta meM upalabdha hotA hai / kappasuta se hI vaha TIkA, cUNi va caritra-granthoM meM pallavita hotA rahA hai| kappasutta mahAvIra ke saptama paTTadhara AcArya bhadrabAhu dvArA saMkalita mAnA jAtA hai / vaise kappasutta meM devaddhi kSamAzramaNa taka kucha saMyojana hotA rahA hai, aisA pratIta hotA hai| devaddhi kSamAzramaNa kA samaya IsvI san 453 mAnA gayA hai; para, isameM tanika bhI sandeha nahIM ki mahAvIra kA nirvANa-prasaMga usa sUtra kA mUlabhUta aMga hI hai / bhadrabAhu kA samaya IsA pUrva 371-357 kA mAnA gayA hai| buddha kI nirvANa-carcA dIgha nikAya ke mahAparinidhvAnasutta meM milatI hai / mahAparinivvAnasutta meM nirvANa-prasaMga ke atirikta anya bhI bahuta sArI carcAe~ haiM, jo anya tripiTaka granyoM meM yatra-tatra milatI haiM / isase aisA lagatA hai ki yaha bhI saMgRhIta prakaraNa hai| 'dIgha nikAya mUla tripiTaka-sAhitya kA aMga hai, para, mahAparinivyAnasutta ke viSaya meM hrIsa DeviDsa, I0 je. thaoNmasa aura viTaraniTja kA bhI abhimata hai ki vaha kucha kAla pazcAt saMyojita huA 1. E. J. Thomas, Life of Buddha, p. 158. 2. Rhys Davids, Dialogues of Buddha, Vol. II, p. 72. 3. E. J. Thomes, Life of Buddha, p. 156. 4. History of Indian Literature, Vol. II, p. 38-42. ___ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 hai| isakA artha yaha bhI nahIM ki mahAparinivvAnasatta bahuta arvAcIna hai| donoM prakaraNoM kI bhAva, bhASA aura zailI se bhI unakI kAla-viSayaka nikaTatA vyakta hotI hai| AlaMkArikatA aura atizayoktivAda bhI donoM meM bahuta kucha samAna hai| mahAvIra kA nirvANa-prasaMga bahuta saMkSipta va kahIM-kahIM akramika-sA pratIta hotA hai| kucha ghaTanAe~ kAla-krama kI zRkhalA meM jur3I huI-sI pratIta nahIM hotii| bahuta sArI ghaTanAe~ kevala yaha kaha kara batA dI gaI haiM---"usa rAta ko aisA huaa|" budha kA nirvANa-prasaMga apekSAkRta adhika suyojita lagatA hai| vaha vistRta bhI hai| prastuta prakaraNa meM mahAvIra aura buddha; donoM ke nirvANa-prasaMga kramazaH diye jAte haiN| mUla prakaraNoM ko saMkSipta to mujhe karanA hI par3A hai| sAtha-sAtha yaha bhI dhyAna rakhA gayA hai ki prakaraNa adhika se adhika mUlAnurUpI rhe| mahAvIra ke nirvANa-prasaMga meM kappasutta ke atirikta bhagavatI, jambUdIvapaNNattI, saubhAgyapaMcamyAdi pUrva kathA saMgraha, mahAvIra cariyaM Adi granthoM kA bhI AdhAra lenA par3A hai| buddha ke nirvANa-prasaMga meM mahAparinivANa sutta hI mUlabhUta AdhAra rahA hai / mahattvapUrNa uktiyoM ke mUla pATha bhI donoM prasaMgoM ke TippaNI meM de diye gaye haiN| mahAvIra antima varSAvAsa . rAjagRha se vihAra kara mahAvIra apApA (pAvApurI') Aye / samavasaraNa lgaa| bhagavAn ne apanI dezanA meM batAyA "tIrthaGkaroM kI vartamAnatA meM yaha bhAratavarSa dhana-dhAnya se paripUrNa, gAMvoM aura nagaroM se vyApta svarga-sadRza hotA hai / usa samaya gAMva nagara jaise, nagara devaloka jaise, kauTumbika rAjA jaise aura rAjA kubera jaise samRddha hote haiN| usa samaya AcArya indra samAna, mAtA-pitA deva samAna, sAsa mAtA samAna aura zvasura pitA samAna hote haiM / janatA dharmAdharma ke viveka se yukta, vinIta, satya-sampanna, deva aura guru ke prati samarpita aura sadAcAra-yukta hotI hai| vijJajanoM kA Adara hotA hai| kula, zIla tathA vidyA kA aMkana hotA hai| Iti, upadrava Adi nahIM hote / rAjA jina-dharmI hote haiN| "aba jaba tIrthaGkara, cakravartI, vAsudeva Adi atIta ho jAyeMge, kaivalya aura manaHparyava jJAna kA bhI vilopa ho jAyegA, taba bhAratavarSa kI sthiti kramazaH pratikUla hI hotI jaayegii| manuSya meM krodha Adi bar3heMge; viveka ghaTegA; maryAdAe~ chinna-bhinna hoMgI; svairAcAra bar3hegA; dharma ghaTegA; adharma bddhegaa| gA~va zmazAna jaise, nagara preta-loka jaise, sajjana dAsa jaise 1. yaha kauna-sI pAvA thI, kahA~ thI, Adi varNana ke lie dekheM, 'kAla-nirNaya' prakaraNa ke antargata, 'mahAvIra kA nirvANa kisa pAvA meM ?' ___ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] parinirvANa 331 va durjana rAjA jaise hone lgeNge| matsya-nyAya se sabala durbala ko satAtA rhegaa| bhAratavarSa binA patavAra ko nAva ke samAna DAMvADola sthiti meM hogaa| cora adhika corI kareMge, rAjA adhika kara legA va nyAyAdhIza adhika rizvata leNge| manuSya dhana-dhAnya meM adhika Asakta hogaa| "gurukulavAsa kI maryAdA miTa jaayegii| guru ziSya ko zAstra-jJAna nahIM deNge| ziSya gurujanoM kI sevA nahIM kareMge / pRthvI para kSudra jIva-jantuoM kA vistAra hogaa| devatA pRthvI se agocara hote jAyeMge / putra mAtA-pitA kI sevA nahIM kareMge; kula vadhue~ AcAra-hIna hoNgii| dAna, zIla, tapa aura bhAvanA kI hAni hogii| bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM meM pArasparika kalaha hoNge| jhUThe taula-mApa kA pracalana hogaa| maMtra, taMtra, auSadhi, maNi, puSpa, phala, rasa, rUpa, AyuSya, Rddhi, AkRti, U~cAI; ina saba uttama bAtoM meM hrAsa hogaa| "Age cala kara duHSama-duSamA nAmaka chaThe Are meM to ina saba ko atyanta hAni hogii| paMcama duHSamA Are ke anta meM duHprasaha nAmaka AcArya hoMge, phalguzrI sAdhvI hogI, nAgila zrAvaka hogA, satyazrI zrAvikA hogii| ina cAra manuSyoM kA hI caturvidha saMgha hogaa| vimilavAhana aura sumaka nAmaka kramazaH rAjA aura maMtrI hoNge| usa samaya manuSya kA zarIra do hAtha parimANa aura AyuSya bIsa varSa kA hogaa| usa paMcama Are ke antima dina prAtaH kAla cAritradharma, madhyAhna meM rAja-dharma aura aparAhna meM agni kA viccheda hogaa| 21000 varSa ke paMcama duHSama Are ke vyatIta hone para itane hI varSoM kA chaThA duHSama duHSamA ArA aayegaa| dharma, samAja, rAja-vyavasthA Adi samApta ho jaayeNge| pitA-putra ke vyavahAra bhI lupta-prAyaH hoNge| isa kAla ke Arambha meM pracaNDa vAyu calegI tathA pralayaMkArI megha' brseNge| isase mAnava aura pazu bIja-mAtra hI zeSa raha jAyeMge / ve gaMgA aura siMdhu' ke taTa-vivaroM meM nivAsa kreNge| mAMsa aura machaliyoM ke AdhAra para ve apanA jIvana-nirvAha kreNge| "isa chaThe Are ke pazcAt utsarpiNI kAla-cakrArgha kA prathama ArA AyegA / yaha ThIka vaisA hI hogA, jaisA avasarpiNI kAla-cakrArgha kA chaThA ArA thaa| isakA dUsarA ArA usake paMcama Are ke samAna hogaa| isameM zubha kA prArambha hogaa| isake Arambha meM puSkara saMvartaka. megha barasegA, jisase bhUmi kI USmA dUra hogii| phira kSIra-megha barasegA, jisase dhAnya kA tadbhava hogaa| tIsarA ghRta-megha barasegA, jo padArthoM meM snigdhatA paidA kregaa| cauthA amatamegha barasegA, isase nAnA guNopeta auSadhiyAM utpanna hoNgii| pA~cavA~ rasa-megha barasegA, 1. bhagavatI sUtra, zataka 7, uddezaka 6 meM ina meghoM ko arasamegha, virasamegha, kSAramegha, khaTTamegha, ___ agnimegha, vijjumeSa, viSamegha, azanimegha Adi nAmoM se batAyA hai| 2. usa samaya gaMgA aura siMdhu kA pravAha ratha-mArga jitanA hI vistRta raha jaayegaa| -bhagavatI sUtra, zataka 7, uddesh06| 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : jisase pRthvI meM sarasatA bddh'egii| ye pA~coM hI megha sAta-sAta dina taka nirantara barasane vAle hoNge| "vAtAvaraNa phira anukUla bnegaa| manuSya una taTa-vivaroM se nikala kara maidAnoM meM basane lgeNge| kramazaH unameM rUpa, buddhi, AyuSya Adi kI vRddhi hogii| duHSama-suSamA nAmaka tRtIya Are meM grAma, nagara Adi kI racanA hogii| eka-eka kara tIrthaGkara hone lgeNge| isa utsarpiNI-kAla ke cauthe Are meM yogalika-dharma kA udaya ho jaayegaa| manuSya yugala rUpa meM paidA hoMge, yugala rUpa meM mreNge| unake bar3e-bar3e zarIra aura bar3e-bar3e AyuSya hoNge| kalpavRkSa unakI AzApUrti kreNge| AyuSya aura avagAhanA se bar3hatA huA pA~cavA~ aura chaThA ArA AyegA / isa prakAra yaha utsarpiNI-kAla samApta hogaa| eka avasarpiNI aura eka utsarpiNI kAla kA eka kAla-cakra hogaa| aise kAla-cakra atIta meM hote rahe haiM aura anAgata meM hote rheNge| jo manaSya dharma kI vAstavika ArAdhanA karate haiM, ve isa kAla-cakra ko tor3a kara mokSa prApta karate haiM, Atma-svarUpa meM lIna hote haiN|"2 bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanA yaha antima varSAvAsa bhI pAvApurI meM hI kiyaa| vahIM hastipAla nAmaka rAjA thaa| usakI rajjuka sabhA' (lekhazAlA) meM ve sthiravAsa se rhe| kArtika amAvasyA kA dina nikaTa aayaa| antima dezanA ke lie antima samavasaraNa kI racanA huii| zaka ne khar3e hokara bhagavAn kI stuti kii| tadanantara rAjA hastipAla ne khar3e hokara stuti kii| antima dezanA va nirvANa bhagavAn ne apanI antima dezanA prArambha kii| usa dezanA meM 55 adhyayana puNya-phala vipAka ke aura 55 adhyayana pApa-phala vipAka ke kahe; vartamAna meM jo sukha-vipAka aura duHkhavipAka nAma se Agama rUpa haiN| 36 adhyayana apRSTa vyAkaraNa ke kahe5, jo vartamAna meM 1. kramaza: do meghoM ke bAda sAta dinoM kA 'ughAr3a' hogaa| isa prakAra tIsare aura cauthe megha ke pazcAt phira sAta dinoM kA 'ughAr3a' hogaa| kula milA kara pAMcoM meghoM kA yaha 46 dinoM kA krama hogaa| -jambUdIvapaNNatI sutta, vakSa 2, kAla adhikaar| 2. nemicandra sUri kRta mahAvIra cariyaM ke AdhAra se / 3. isakA artha zulka-zAlA bhI kiyA jAtA hai| 4. samavAyAMga sUtra, sama0 55; kalpasUtra, sU0 147 / 5. kalpasUtra, sU0 147; uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, patra 283 / uttarAdhyayana ke antima adhyayana kI antima gAthA bhI isa bAta ko spaSTa karatI hai __ii pAukare buddhe, nAyae prinivvue| chattIsaM uttarajjhAe, bhvsiddhiiysmme| yaha vizeSa ullekhanIya hai ki yahA~ mahAvIra ko 'buddha' bhI kahA gayA hai| ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] parinirvANa uttarAdhyayana Agama kahA jAtA hai| pradhAna nAmaka marudevI mAtA kA adhyayana kahate-kahate bhagavAn paryaGkAsana ( padmAsana) meM sthira hue|' taba bhagavAn ne kramazaH bAdara kAya yoga meM sthita raha, bAdara mano-yoga aura vacana - yoga ko rokaa| sUkSma kAya yoga meM sthita raha bAdara kAya yoga ko rokA; vANI aura mana ke sUkSma yoga ko rokaa| isa prakAra zukla dhyAna kA 'sUkSmakriyApratipAti' nAmaka tRtIya caraNa prApta kiyA / tadanantara sUkSma kAya-yoga ko roka kara 'samucchinna kriyA'nivRtti' nAmaka zukla dhyAna kA caturtha caraNa prApta kiyaa| phira a, i, u, R, lR ke uccAraNa-kAla jitanI zailezI avasthA ko pAra kara aura catuvidhi aghAtI karma-dala kA kSaya kara bhagavAn mahAvIra siddha, buddha, mukta avasthA ko prApta hue / vaha varSA Rtu kA caturtha mAsa thA, kRSNa pakSa thA, pandrahavA~ divasa thA, pakSa kI carama rAtra amAvasyA thI / eka yuga ke pA~ca saMvatsara hote haiM, 'candra' nAmaka vaha dUsarA saMvatsara thaa| eka varSa ke bAraha mAsa hote haiM, unameM vaha 'prItivarddhana' nAma kA cauthA mAsa thA / eka mAsa meM do pakSa hote haiM, vaha 'nandIvardhana' nAma kA pakSa thA / eka pakSa meM pandraha dina hote haiM, unameM 'agnivezya' nAmaka vaha pandrahavAM dina thA, jo 'upazama' nAma se bhI kahA jAtA hai / pakSa meM pandraha rAteM hotI haiM, vaha 'devAnandA' nAmaka pandrahavIM rAta thI, jo 'nirati' nAma se bhI kahI jAtI hai| usa samaya arca nAma kA lava thA, muhUrtta nAma kA prANa thA, siddha nAma kA stoka thA, nAga nAma kA karaNa thA / eka ahorAtra meM tIsa muhurta hote haiM, vaha sarvArthasiddha nAmaka unnatIsavA~ muhUrtta thA / usa samaya svAti nakSatra ke sAtha candra kA yoga thA / - 1. saMpaliyaMka nisaNe - samyak padmAsanenopaviSTaH / - kalpasUtra, kalpArthabodhinI, patra 123 / 2. teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samae NaM.. bAvarttAraM vAsAI savvAuyaM pAla ittA, khINe veyaNijjAuyanAmagotte, imIse osappiNIe dUsamasusamAe samAe bahuvI ikkaMtAe, tihi vAsehiM addhanavamehiya mAsehiM sesaehi pAvAe majjhimAe hatthipAlagassa rajjo rajjuyagasabhAe ege abIe chaTThe bhatteNaM apANaeNaM, sAiNA nakkha teNaM jogamuvAgaeNaM paccUsakAlasamayaM si, saMpalika nisanne, paNapannaM ajjhayaNAI kallANaphalavivAgAiM paNapannaM ajjhayaNAiM pAvaphalavivAgAiM chattIsaM ca apuTTha-vAgaraNAI vAgarittA padhANaM nAma ajjhayaNaM vibhAvemANe vibhAvemANe kAlagae vitikkaMte samujjAe chinna- jAi-jarA-maraNa-baMghaNe siddhe buddhe mute aMtakaDe parinivvuDe sanvadukkhappahINe / 3. 7 prANa = 1 stoka 7 stoka = 1 lava 77 lava = 1 muhUrtta / 5. saMvatsara, mAsa, pakSa, dina, rAtri, muhUrtta inake kalpArthabodhinI, patra 113 / TIkAkAra ne ina abhihita kiyA hai / - bhagavatI 4. zakunyAdikaraNa catuSke tRtIyamidam / amAvasyottarArddhe'vazyaM bhavatyetad / 2010_05 333 - kalpasUtra, sU0 147 / sU0, zataka 6, udde0 7 / -- kalpArthabodhinI, patra, 112 / samagra nAmoM ke lie dekheM; kalpasUtra, samagra nAmoM ko 'jaina- zailI' kaha kara

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334 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana prazna carcAe~ bhagavAn mahAvIra kI yaha antima dezanA solaha prahara kI thI / ' bhagavAn chaTTa. bhakta se uposita the / dezanA ke antargata aneka prazna- carcAeM huiiN| rAjA puNyapAla ne apane 8 svapnoM kA phala pUchA / uttara sunakara saMsAra se virakta huA aura dIkSita huA / hastipAla rAjA bhI pratibodha pA kara dIkSita huA / [khaNDa : 1 indrabhUti gautama ne pUchA - "bhagavan ! Apake parinirvANa ke pazcAt pA~cavA~ ArA ka lagegA ?" bhagavAn ne uttara diyA- "tIna varSa sAr3he ATha mAsa bItane para / " gautama ke prazna para AgAmI utsarpiNI-kAla meM hone vAle tIrthaGkara, vAsudeva, baladeva, kulakara Adi kA bhI nAma-grAha paricaya bhagavAn ne diyA / gaNadhara sudharmA ne pUchA - "bhagavan ! kaivalya rUpa sUrya kaba taka astaMgata hogA ? " bhagavAn ne kahA - "mere se bAraha varSa pazcAt gautama siddha gati ko prApta hogA, mere se bIsa varSa pazcAt tuma siddha-gati prApta karoge, mere se causaTha varSa pazcAt tumhArA ziSya jambU anagAra siddha-gati ko prApta karegA / vahI antima kevalI hogA / jambU ke pazcAt kramazaH prabhava, zayyambhava, yazobhadra, saMbhUtivijaya, bhadrabAhu, sthUlabhadra, caturdaza pUrvadhara hoNge| inameM se zayyambhava pUrva - jJAna ke AdhAra para dasaveyAliya Agama kI racanA karegA / 4 zakra dvArA Ayu vRddhi kI prArthanA jaba mahAvIra ke parinirvANa kA antima samaya nikaTa AyA, indra kA Asana prakampita huaa| devoM ke parivAra se vaha vahA~ AyA / usane azrupUrita netroM se mahAvIra ko nivedana kiyA--"bhagavan ! Apake garbha, janma, dIkSA aura kevalajJAna meM hastottarA nakSatra thA / isa samaya usameM bhasma - graha saMkrAnta hone vAlA hai| Apake janma-nakSatra Akara vaha graha do sahasra varSoM taka Apake saMghIya prabhAva ke uttarottara vikAsa meM bahuta bAdhaka hogaa| do sahasra varSoM ke pazcAt jaba vaha Apake janma-nakSatra se pRthak hogA, taba zramaNoM kA, nirgranthoM kA uttarottara pUjA - satkAra bar3hegA / ataH jaba taka vaha Apake janma-nakSatra meM saMkramaNa kara rahA hai, taba taka Apa apane AyuSya bala ko sthita rkheN| Apake sAkSAt prabhAva se vaha sarvathA niSphala ho jAyegA / " isa anurodha para bhagavAn ne kahA- - "zakra ! AyuSya kabhI bar3hAyA nahIM 1. ( ka ) SoDaza praharAn yAvad dezanAM dattavAn / - saubhAgyapaJcamyAdi parva kathA saMgraha, patra 100 / (kha) solasa praharAi desaNaM karei ! 2010_05 2. kalpasUtra, sU0 147 ; nemicandra kRta mahAvIra caritra, patra 66 / 3. saubhAgyapaJcamyAdi parva, kathA saMgraha, patra 100 102 / 4. saubhAgyapaJcampAdi parva, kathA saMgraha, patra 106 / isa grantha ke racayitA ne mahAvIra kI isa bhaviSyavANI ko kramazaH hemacandrAcArya taka pahu~cA diyA hai / - vividhatIrthaMkalpa, pR0 36 /

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itihAsa aura paramparA] parinirvANa 335 nahIM jA sakatA / aisA na kabhI huA hai, na kabhI hogaa| duHSamA-kAla ke prabhAva se mere zAsana meM bAghA to hogI hii|' gautama ko kaivalya bhagavAna mahAvIra ne usI dina apane prathama gaNadhAra indrabhUti gautama ko devazarmA brAhmaNa ko pratibodha dene ke lie anyatra bheja diyA / apane cira antevAsI ziSya ko dUra bhejane kA kAraNa yaha thA ki mRtyu ke samaya vaha adhika sneha-vihvala na ho| indrabhUti ne devazarmA ko pratibodha diyaa| unheM bhagavAn ke parinirvANa kA saMvAda milaa| indrabhUti ke zraddhAvibhora hRdaya para vajrAghAta-sA lgaa| apane Apa bolane lage-'bhagavan ! yaha kyA kiyA ? isa avasara para mujhe dUra kiyA ! kyA maiM bAlaka kI taraha ApakA aMcala pakar3a kara Apako mokSa jAne se rokatA ? kyA mere sneha ko Apane kRtrima mAnA ? maiM sAtha ho jAtA, to kyA siddha-zilA para saMkIrNatA ho jAtI ? kyA maiM Apake lie bhAra ho jAtA ? maiM aba kisake caraNa-kamaloM meM praNAma karU~gA? kisase apane jagat aura mokSaviSayaka prazna karU~gA? kise maiM 'bhadanta' kahU~gA ? mujhe aba kauna 'gautama ! gautama !' kahegA?" isa bhAva-vihvalatA meM bahate-bahate indrabhUti ne apane-Apako smbhaalaa| socane lage"are ! yaha merA kaisA moha ? vItarAgoM ke sneha kaisA? yaha saba merA eka-pAkSika mohamAtra hai / basa ! aba maiM ise chor3atA huuN| maiM to svayaM eka huuN| na maiM kisI kA huuN| na merA yahA~ kucha bhI hai| rAga aura dveSa vikAra-mAtra haiN| samatA hI AtmA kA Alambana hai|" isa prakAra Atma-ramaNa karate hue indrabhUti ne tatkAla kaivalya prApta kiyaa|2 bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jisa rAta ko parinarvAiNa huA, usa rAta ko nau mallakI, nau licchavI; aThAraha kAzI-kozala ke gaNarAjA pauSadha-vrata meM the| 1. jineza ! tava janmakSaM gantA bhasmakadurgrahaH / bAdhiSyate sa varSANAM, sahasro dvetu zAsanam // tasya saMkrAmaNaM yAvadvilambasva tataH prbho| bhavatprabhAprabhAveNa sa yathA viphalo bhavet // svAmyUce zaka ! kenA'pi nAyuH sandhIyate kvacit / duHSamAbhAvato bAdhA, bhAvinI mama zAsane // -kappasutta, kalpArthabodhinI patra, 121 / 2. kappasutta, kalpArthabodhinI, patra 114 / 3. jaM rayaNi ca NaM samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre kAlagae jAva savvadukkhappahINe, taM rayaNi ca NaM nava mallaI nava licchaI kAsI-kosalagA aTThArasa-vi gaNarAyANo amAvAsAe pArAbhoyaM posahovavAsaM paTThavaiMsu / -kappasutta, sU0 132 / ___ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa:1 nirvANa-kalyANaka bhagavAn kI antyeSTi ke lie suroM ke, asuroM ke sabhI indra apane-apane parivAra se vahA~ phuNce| sabakI A~khoM meM AMsU the| unako lagatA thA-hama anAtha ho gaye haiN| zaka ke Adeza se devatA nandana-vana Adi se gozIrSa candana laaye| kSIra-sAgara se jala lAye / indra ne bhagavAna ke zarIra ko kSIrodaka se snAna karAyA, vilepana Adi kiye, divya vastra oddhaaye| tadanantara bhagavAn ke zarIra ko divya zivikA meM rkhaa| indroM ne vaha zivikA utthaaii| devoM ne jaya-jaya dhvani ke sAtha puSpa-vRSTi kii| mArga meM kucha devAMganAeM aura deva nRtya karate calate the, kucha deva maNiratna Adi se bhagavAn kI arcA kara rahe the| zrAvaka-zrAvikAeM bhI zoka-vihvala hokara sAtha-sAtha cala rahe the| yathAsthAna paha~ca kara zivikA nIce rakhI gii| bhagavAna ke zarIra ko gozIrSa candana kI citA para rakhA gyaa| agnikumAra devoM ne agni prakaTa kii| vAyukumAra devoM ne vAyu pracAlita kii| anya devoM ne ghRta aura madhu ke ghaTa citA para ur3ele / jaba prabhu kA zarIra bhasmasAt ho gayA, to bheSakumAra devoM ne kSIra-sAgara ke jala se citA zAnta kii| zakendra tathA IzAnendra ne Upara kI dA bAI dAr3hoM kA saMgraha kiyaa| camarendra aura balIndra ne nIce kI dAr3hoM kA saMgraha kiyaa| anya devoM ne anya dA~ta aura asthi khaNDoM kA saMgraha kiyaa| manuSyoM ne bhasma lekara santoSa maanaa| anta meM citA-sthAna para devatAoM ne ratnamaya stUpa kI saMghaTanA kii| dIpamAlotsava bhagavAna kA jisa dina parinirvANa huA, deva aura deviyoM ke gamanAgamana se bhU-maNDala Alokita huaa| manuSyoM ne bhI dIpa sNjoye| isa prakAra dIpa-mAlA parva kA pracalana huaa| bhagavAn kA jisa rAta ko parinirvANa huA, usa rAta ko sUkSma kuMthu jAti kA udbhava huA / yaha isa bAta kA saMketa thA ki bhaviSya meM sUkSma jIva-jantu bar3hate jAyeMge aura saMyama durArAdhya hotA jaayegaa| aneka bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ne isa sthiti ko samajha kara usa samaya AmaraNa anazana kiyaa| 1. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, parva 10, sarga 13 ke AdhAra se| 2. kappasutta, sU0 130-131 / 3. saubhAgyapaJcamyAdi parva kathA saMgraha, patra 100-110 / 4. kappasutta, sU0 136-37 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA parinirvANa 33 antima varSAvAsa buddha rAjagaha se vaizAlI aae| vahA~ kucha dina rhe| varSAvAsa ke lie samIpasya veluvagrAma (veNu-grAma) meM aaye| anya bhikSuoM ko kahA-"tuma vaizAlI ke cAroM ora mitra, paricita Adi dekhakara varSAvAsa kro|" yaha buddha kA antima varSAvAsa thaa| varSAvAsa meM maraNAntaka roga utpanna huaa| buddha ne socA, mere lie yaha ucita nahIM ki maiM upasthAkoM aura bhikSu-saMgha ko binA jatalAye hI parinirvANa prApta kruuN| unhoMne jIvanasaMskAra ko dRr3hatApUrvaka dhAraNa kiyaa| roga zAnta ho gyaa| zAstA ko niroga dekha kara Ananda ne prasannatA vyakta kI aura kahA-"bhante ! ApakI asvasthatA se merA zarIra zUnya ho gayA thA / mujhe dizAe~ bhI nahIM dikha rahI thiiN| mujhe dharma kA bhI bhAna nahIM hotA thaa|" buddha ne kahA- "Ananda ! maiM jIrNa, vRddha, mahallaka, adhvagata, vayaHprApta huuN| assI varSa kI merI avasthA hai| jaise purAne zakaTa ko bA~dha-bUMgha kara calAnA par3atA hai, vaise hI maiM apane-Apako calA rahA huuN| maiM aba adhika dina kaise calUMgA ? isalie Ananda ! AtmadIpa, AtmazaraNa, ananyazaraNa ; dharmadIpa, dharmazaraNa, hokara vihAra kro|"1 Amanda kI bhUla eka dina bhagavAn cApAla-caitya meM vizrAma kara rahe the| AyuSmAn Ananda unake pAsa baiThe the| Ananda se bhagavAn ne kahA-'Ananda ! maiMne cAra RddhipAda sAdhe haiM / yadi cAI to maiM kalpa-bhara Thahara sakatA haiN|" itane sthala saMketa para bhI Ananda na samajha ske| unhoMne prArthanA nahIM kI-"bhagavan ! bahuta logoM ke hita ke lie, bahuta logoM ke sukha ke lie Apa kalpa-bhara tthhreN|" dUsarI bAra aura tIsarI bAra bhI bhagavAn ne aisA kahA, para, Ananda nahIM smjhe| mAra ne unake mana ko prabhAvita kara rakhA thaa| anta meM bhagavAna ne bAta ko tor3ate hue kahA-"jAo, Ananda ! jisakA tuma kAla samajhate ho!" mAra dvArA nivedana Ananda ke pRthaka hote hI pApI mAra bhagavAn ke pAsa AyA aura bolA-"bhante ! Apa yaha bAta kaha cuke haiM--'maiM taba taka parinirvANa ko prApta nahIM karUMgA, jaba taka mere bhikSa, bhikSuNiyAM, upAsaka, upAsikAeM Adi samyak prakAra se dharmArUr3ha, dharma-kathika aura AkSepanivAraka nahIM ho jAyeMge tathA yaha brahmacarya (buddha-dharma) samyak prakAra se Rddha, sphIta va bahujana-gRhIta nahIM ho jaayegaa|' bhante ! aba yaha saba ho cukA hai / Apa zIghra nirvANa ko prApta kreN|" bhagavAn ne uttara diyA-"pApI ! nizcinta ho| Aja se tIna mAha pazcAt maiM nirvANa prApta kruuNgaa|" 1. attadIpA viharatha, attasaraNA anaasaraNA, dhammadIvA, dhammasaraNA, annsrnnaa| ____ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 bhUkampa buddha ne cApAla-caitya meM usa samaya smRti-saMprajanya ke sAtha Ayu-saMskAra ko chor3a diyaa| usa samaya bhayaMkara bhUkampa huaa| deva-dundubhiyAM bjiiN| Ananda bhagavAn ke pAsa Aye aura bole- Azcarya bhante ! adbhuta bhante ! isa mahAn bhUcAla kA kyA hetu hai ? kyA pratyaya hai ?" bhagavAn ne kahA-"bhUkampa ke ATha hetu hote haiN| unameM se eka hetu tathAgata ke dvArA jIvana-zakti kA chor3A jAnA hai| usI jIvana-zakti kA visarjana maiMne abhI-abhI cApAla-caitya meM kiyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai, bhUkampa AyA, deva-dundubhiyAM bjiiN|" Ananda ko yaha saba sunate hI samajha AI; usane kahA-'bhante ! bahujana hitAya, bahujana sukhAya Apa kalpa-bhara tthhreN|" buddha ne kahA-"aba mata tathAgata se prArthanA kro| aba prArthanA karane kA samaya nahIM rhaa|" Ananda ne kramaza: tIna bAra apanI prArthanA ko duhraayaa| buddha ne kahA-"kyoM tathAgata ko vivaza karate ho? rahane do isa bAta ko| Ananda ! maiM kalpa bhara nahIM ThaharatA; isameM tumhArA hI doSa hai / maiMne aneka bAra tathAgata kI kSamatA kA ullekha tumhAre sAmane kiyA, para, tuma mUka hI bane rhe|" bhagavAna vahAM se uTha kara mahAvana-kUTAgAra zAlA meM Aye / vahAM Ananda ko Adeza diyA-"vaizAlI ke pAsa jitane bhikSu vihAra karate haiM, unheM upasthAna-zAlA meM ekatrita kro|" bhikSu ekatrita hue / buddha ne kahA- "hanta bhikSuo! tumheM kahatA hU~, saMskAra (kRtavastu) nAzamAna haiN| pramAda-rahita ho, Adeya kA sampAdana kro| acira-kAla meM hI tathAgata kA parinirvANa hogA, Aja se tIna mAsa pazcAt / " antima yAtrA bhagavAn vaizAlI se kuzInArA kI ora cle| bhoganagara ke Ananda-caitya meM buddha ne kahA-"bhikSuo! koI bhikSu yaha kahe-'Avuso ! maiMne ise bhagavAn ke mukha se sunA; yaha dharma hai, yaha vinaya hai, yaha zAstA kA upadeza hai|' bhikSuo ! usa kathana kA pahale na abhinandana karanA, na nindA karanA / usa kathana kI sUtra aura vinayaM meM gaveSaNA karanA / vahA~ vaha na ho, to samajhanA yaha isa bhikSu kA hI dugahIta hai| sUtra aura vinaya meM vaha kathana mile, to samajhanA avazya yaha tathAgata kA vacana haiN|" bhagavAn vihAra karate kramazaH pAvA phuNce| cunda karmAra-putra ke Amra-vana meM tthhre| cunda karmAra-putra ne bhikSu-saMgha-sahita buddha ko apane yahAM bhojana ke lie AmaMtrita kiyaa| pahalI rAta ko bhojana kI vizeSa taiyAriyAM kiiN| bahuta sArA 'sUkara-maddava'' taiyAra kiyaa| 1. buddhaghoSa ne (udAna-aTThakathA, 8 / 5) 'sUkara-maddava' zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai-"nA-titarUNassa nAtijiNNassa eka jeTTakasUkarassa pavattamaMsaM arthAt 'na ati taruNa, na ati vRddha eka (varSa) jyeSTha sUara kA banA mAMsa / ' "sUkara-maddava' ke anya amAMsaparaka artha bhI kiye jAte haiM, para mAMsaparaka artha meM bhI koI virodhAbhAsa nahIM lagatA / anya kisI prasaMga para ugga gRhapati ke anurodha para buddha ne sUkara kA mAMsa grahaNa kiyA, aisA aguttara nikAya (paJcaka nipAta) meM ullekha hai / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] parinirvANa yathAsamaya bhagavAn pAtra-cIvara le cunda karmAra-putra ke ghara Aye aura bhojana kiyaa| bhojana karate bhagavAn ne cunda ko kahA-"anya bhikSuoM ko mata do yaha sUkara. maddava / ye ise nahIM pacA skeNge|" bhojana ke uparAnta bhagavAn ko asIma vedanA huii| birecana para virecana hone lagA aura vaha bhI rktmy| ugra vyAdhi meM bhI bhagavAn pAvA se kuzInArA kI ora cala par3e / klAnta ho rAste meM baitthe| Ananda se kahA-"nikaTa kI nadI se pAnI laao| mujhe bahuta pyAsa lagI hai|" Ananda ne kahA- bhagavan ! abhI-abhI 500 gAr3e isa nikaTa kI nadI se nikale haiN| yaha choTI nadI hai| sArA pAnI maTa-mailA ho rahA hai| kucha hI Age kakutthA nadI hai / vaha svaccha aura ramaNIya hai| vahA~ pahu~ca kara bhagavAn pAnI piiyeN|" bhagavAn ne dUsarI bAra aura tIsarI bAra vaise hI kahA, to Ananda uTha kara gae / dekhA, pAnI atyanta svaccha aura zAnta hai| Ananda bhagavAn ke isa Rddhi-bala se Ananda-vibhora hue| pAtra meM pAnI lA bhagavAn ko pilaayaa| AlAra-kAlAma ke ziSya se bheMTa bhagavAn ke vahA~ baiThe AlAra-kAlAma kA ziSya pukkusa malla-putra mArga calate aayaa| eka ora baiTha kara bolA-"bhante ! pravrajita loga zAntatara vihAra se viharate haiN| eka bAra AlAra-kAlAma mArga ke samIpastha vRkSa kI chAyA meM vihAra karate the| 500 gAr3iyA~ unake pIche se gii| kucha dera pazcAt usI sArtha kA eka AdamI aayaa| usane AlAra-kAlAma se pUchA "bhante ! gAr3iyoM ko jAte dekhA ?" "nahIM Avusa !" "bhante ! zabda sunA ?" "nahIM Avusa !" "bhante ! so gaye the?" "nahIM aavus|" "bhante ! ApakI saMghATI para garda par3I hai ?" "hA~, Avusa / " taba usa puruSa ko huA-Azcarya hai ! adbhuta hai ! pravajita loga Atmastha hokara kitane zAnta vihAra se viharate haiM !" bhagavAna ne kahA-"pukkusa ! eka bAra maiM AtumA ke bhUsAgara meM vihAra karatA thaa| usa samaya joroM se pAnI barasA / bijalI kdd'kii| usake girane se do kisAna aura cAra baila mre| usa samaya eka AdamI mere pAsa AyA aura bolA-"bhante ! megha barasA, bijalI kar3akI, kisAna aura baila mre| Apako mAlUma par3A, bhante ?" "nahIM, Avusa !" "Apa kahAM the?" "yahIM thaa|" "bijalI kar3akane kA zabda sunA, bhante?" ____ 2010_05

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*340 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa :1 "nahIM, Avusa !" "kyA Apa soye the ?" "nahIM, mAvusa !" "Apa sacetana the ?" "hA~, Avusa !" "pukkusa ! taba usa AdamI ko huA-"Azcarya hai, adbhuta hai, yaha zAnta vihAra !" pukkusa malla-putra yaha bAta suna kara bahuta prabhAvita huA aura bolA-"bhante ! yaha bAta to pAMca sau gAr3iyAM, hajAra gAr3iyA~ aura pAMca hajAra gAr3iyAM nikala jAne se bhI bar3I hai| AlAra-kAlAma meM merI jo zraddhA thI, use Aja maiM havA meM ur3A detA hU~, zIghra dhAra vAlI nadI meM bahA detA huuN| Aja se mujhe zaraNAgata upAsaka dhAraNa kreN|" taba pukkusa ne cAkacikya pUrNa do sunahare zAla bhagavAn ko bheMTa kie; eka bhagavAn ke lie aura eka Ananda ke lie| pukkusa malla-putra calA gyaa| Ananda ne apanA zAla bhI bhagavAn ko or3hA diyaa| bhagavAn ke zarIra se jyoti udbhUta huI / zAloM kA cAkacikya manda ho gyaa| Ananda ke pUchane para bhagavAn ne kahA- "tathAgata kI aisI varNa-zuddhi bodhi-lAbha aura nirvANa; ina do avasaroM para hotI hai| Aja rAta ke antima prahara meM kuzInArA ke malloM ke zAla-bana meM zAla vRkSoM ke bIca tathAgata kA parinirvANa hogaa|" kakutthA nadI para bhagavAn bhikSa-saMgha sahita kakutthA nadI para aaye| snAna kiyaa| nadI ko pAra kara taTavartI Amravana meM phuNce| vizrAma karate bhagavAn ne kahA- "Ananda ! cunda karmAraputra ko koI kahe-'Avusa cunda ! alAbha hai tujhe, durlAbha hai tujhe; tathAgata tere piNDapAta ko khAkara parinirvANa ko prApta hue'; to tU cunda ke isa apavAda ko dUra karanA / use kahanA-"Avusa cunda ! lAbha hai tujhe, sulAbha hai tujhe, tathAgata tere piNDapAta ko khAkara parinirvANa ko prApta hue' aura use batAnA--'do piNDapAta samAna phala vAle hote haiM; jisa piNDapAta ko khAkara tathAgata anuttara samyak sambodhi prApta karate haiM tathA jisa piNDapAta ko khAkara tathAgata nirvANa-dharma ko prApta karate haiN|" kuzInArA meM __kakutthA ke Amra-vana se vihAra kara bhagavAn kuzInArA kI ora cle| hiraNyavatI nadI ko pAra kara kuzInArA meM jahA~ malloM kA 'upavattana' zAla-vana hai, vahA~ Aye / jur3aveM zAla-vRkSoM ke bIca bhagavAn maMcaka (cArapAI) para leTe / unakA sirahAnA uttara kI ora thaa| usa samaya AyuSyamAn upavAna bhagavAn para paMkhA hilAte bhagavAn ke sAmane khar3e the| bhagavAn ne akasmAt kahA-"haTa jAo, bhikSu ! mere sAmane se haTa jaao|" Ananda ne tatkAla pUchA -- "aisA kyoM bhagavan ?' bhagavAn ne kahA-"Ananda ! dazoM lokoM ke devatA 2010_05

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341 itihAsa aura paramparA] parinirvAga tathAgata ke darzana ke lie ekatrita hue haiN| isa zAla-vana ke cAroM ora bAraha yojana taka bAla kI noMka gar3Ane-bhara ke lie bhI sthAna khAlI nahIM hai| devatA khinna ho rahe haiM ki yaha paMkhA jhalane vAlA bhikSu hamAre antarAya bhUta ho rahA hai|" Ananda ne kahA- "devatA Apako kisa sthiti meM dikhalAI de rahe haiM ?" "Ananda ! kucha bAla kholakara ro rahe haiM, kucha hAtha pakar3a kara cillA rahe haiM, kucha kaTe vRkSa kI bhAMti bhUmi para gira rahe haiN| ve vilApAta kara rahe haiM--'bahuta zIghra sugata nirvANa ko prApta ho rahe haiM, bahuta zIghra cakSuSmAn loka se antardhAna ho rahe haiN|" Ananda ke prazna __ Ananda ne pUchA--"bhagavan ! aba taka aneka dizAoM meM varSAvAsa kara bhikSa Apake darzanArtha Ate the| unakA satsaMga hameM milatA thaa| bhagavan ! bhaviSya meM hama kisakA satsaMga kareMge, kisake darzana kareMge?" "Ananda ! bhaviSya meM cAra sthAna saMvejanIya (vairAgyaprada) hoMge : 1. jahA~ tathAgata utpanna hue (lumbinii)| 2. jahA~ tathAgata ne sambodhi-lAbha kiyA (bodhigyaa)| 3. jahA~ tathAgata ne dharma-cakra kA pravartana kiyA (sAranAtha) / 4. jahA~ tathAgata ne nirvANa prApta kiyA (kushiinaaraa)| "bhante ! striyoM ke sAtha kaisA vyavahAra ho ?" ''adrshn|" ''darzana hone para, bhagavan !" 'anaalaap|" "AlApa Avazyaka ho, vahA~ mante !" "smRti ko saMbhAla kara arthAt sajaga hokara AlApa kreN|" 'bhante ! tathAgata ke zarIra kI antyeSTi kaise hogI?" "jaise cakravartI ke zarIra kI antyeSTi hotI hai|" "vaha kaise hotI hai, bhagavan !" 'Ananda ! cakravartI ke zarIra ko naye vastra se lapeTate haiM / phira kramazaH ruI meM lapeTate haiM: naye vastra se lapeTate haiM; tela kI loha-droNI meM rakhate haiM; sugaMdhita kASTha kI citA banA kara cakravartI ke zarIra ko prajvalita karate haiM / tadanantara caurAhe para cakravartI kA stUpa banAte haiN|" Ananda kA rudana AyuSyamAn Ananda vihAra meM jAkara kapizIrSa (khUTI) ko pakar3a kara rone lage--. "hAya maiM rokSya huuN| mere zAstA kA parinirvANa ho rahA hai|" bhagavAn ne bhikSuoM se pUchA"Ananda kahA~ hai ?" "bhagavan ! ve vihAra ke kakSa meM ro rahe haiN|" "use yahAM laayo|" 2010_05

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342 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 taba AyuSyamAn Ananda vahA~ aaye| bhagavAn ne kahA-'mata Ananda ! zoka karo, mata Ananda ! roo| maiMne kala hI kahA thA, sabhI priyoM kA viyoga avazyaMbhAvI hai| Ananda ! tU ne cirakAla taka tathAgata kI sevA kI haiM / tU kRtapuNya hai| nirvANa-sAdhana meM lg| zIghra anAzrava ho|" kuzInArA hI kyoM? Ananda ne kahA-'bhante ! mata isa kSudra nagaraka meM, zAkhA nagaraka meM, jaMgalI nagaraka meM, Apa parinirvANa ko prApta hoM / aneka mahAnagara haiM-campA, rAjagRha, zrAvastI, sAketa, kauzAmbI, vArANasI; vahA~ Apa parinirvANa ko prApta kreN| vahA~ bahuta se dhanika kSatriya, dhanika brAhmaNa, tathA anya bahuta se dhanika gRhapati bhagavAn ke bhakta haiM / ve tathAgata ke zarIra kI pUjA kreNge|" "Ananda ! mata aisA kho| kuzInArA kA itihAsa bahuta bar3A hai| kisI samaya yaha nagara mahAsudarzana cakravartI kI kuzAvatI nAmaka rAjadhAnI thaa| Ananda ! kuzInArA meM jAkara malloM ko kaha-vAziSTo ! Aja rAta ke antima prahara tathAgata kA parinirvANa hogaa| calo vAziSTo! calo vAziSTo ! nahIM to phira anutApa karoge ki hama tathAgata ke binA darzana ke raha ge|" Ananda ne aisA hI kiyaa| malla yaha saMvAda pA cintata va duHkhita hue / saba ke saba bhagavAn ke vandana ke liye Aye / Ananda ne samaya kI svalpatA ko samajha kara eka-eka parivAra ko kramazaH bhagavAn ke darzana kraaye| isa prakAra prathama yAma meM malloM kA abhivAdana sampanna huaa| dvitIya yAma meM subhadra kI pravrajyA sampanna huii|' antima Adeza 1. taba bhagavAn ne kahA "Ananda ! sambhava hai, tumheM lage ki zAstA cale gaye, aba unakA upadeza hai, zAstA nahIM hai| Ananda ! aise samajhanA, maiMne jo dharma kahA hai, mere bAda vahI tumhArA zAstA hai| maiMne jo vinaya kahA hai, mere bAda vahI tumhArA zAstA hai| 2. "Ananda ! aba taka bhikSu eka-dUsare ko 'Avusa' kaha kara pukArate rahe haiN| mere pazcAt anudIkSita ko 'Avusa' kahA jAye aura pUrva dIkSita ko 'bhante' yA 'AyuSyamAn' kahA jaaye| 3. "Ananda ! mere pazcAt cAhe to saMgha choTe aura sAdhAraNa bhikSu-niyamoM ko chor3a 1. pUre vivaraNa ke lie dekheM, 'kAla-nirNaya' prakaraNa ke antargata 'zrI zrIcanda rAmapuriyA' tathA 'tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta' prakaraNa ke antargata 25 vA prsNg| ____ 2010_05

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parinirvANa 4. "Ananda ! mere pazcAt channa nAmaka bhikSa u ko brahma-daNDa karanA caahie|" taba bhagavAn ne upasthita bhikSuoM se kahA - "buddha, dharma aura saMgha meM kisI ko AzaMkA ho, to pUcha le| nahIM to phira anutApa hogA ki maiM pUcha na sakA / " bhagavAn ke eka do bAra aura tIna bAra kahane para bhI sabhI bhikSu cupa rahe / bAra, Ananda ne kahA- "bhagavan ! ina pAMca sau bhikSuoM meM koI sandehazIla nahIM hai / saba buddha, dharma aura saMgha meM Azvasta haiM / ' bhagavAn ne kahA- "hanta ! bhikSuo ! aba tumheM kahatA hU~ / saMskAra (kRta vastu ) vyayadharmA haiM / apramAda se jIvana ke lakSya kA saMpAdana kro| yaha sathAgata kA antima vacana hai / ' 119 nirvANa-gamana itihAsa aura paramparA ] bhagavAn taba prathama dhyAna ko prApta hue / prathama dhyAna se uTha kara dvitIya dhyAna ko prApta hue| isI prakAra kramaza: tRtIya va caturtha dhyAna ko / taba bhagavAn AkAzAntyAya tana ko prApta hue, tadanantara vijJAnAntyAyatana ko, AkiMcanyAyAtana ko, naivasaMjJAnAsaMjJAyatana ko, saMjJA vedayita-nirodha ko prApta hue / AyuSyamAn Ananda ne AyuSyamAn anuruddha se kahA--"kyA bhagavAn parinirvRtta ho gaye ?" anuruddha ne kahA - "nahIM, Ananda ! bhagavAn saMjJA vedayita-nirodha ko prApta hue haiN|" taba bhagavAn saMjJAvedayita-nirodha- samApatti (cAroM dhyAnoM ke Upara kI samAdhi) se uTha kara naivasaMjJAnAsaMjJAyatana nAsaMkSAya ko prApta hue / taba kramaza: pratiloma se punaH saba zreNiyoM ko pAra kara prathama dhyAna ko prApta hue / tadanantara kramaza: caturtha dhyAna meM Aye aura use pAra kara bhagavAn parinirvANa ko prApta hue| usa samaya bhayaMkara bhUcAla AyA, devadundubhiyA~ bajrIM / 343 nirvANa ke anantara sahampati brahmA ne, devendra zakra ne, AyuSmAn anuruddha tathA ne AyuSmAn Ananda ne stuti - gAthAeM kahIM / avItarAga bhikSu usa samaya krandana karane lage, rone lage, kaTe vRkSa kI taraha bhUmi para girane lage / anuruddha ne unakA moha-nivAraNa kiyA / AyuSmAn Ananda kuzInArA meM gae / saMsthAgAra meM ekatrita malloM ko unhoMne kahA - "bhagavAn parinirvRtta ho gaye haiM / aba jisakA tuma kAla smjho|" isa du:khada saMvAda se sArA kuzInArA zoka santapta huA / kuzInArA ke malloM ne 6 dina taka nirvANotsava manAyA / antyeSTi kI taiyAriyA~ kiiN| sAtaveM dina ATha malla pramukhoM ne bhagavAn ke zarIra ko uThAyA / devatA aura manuSya nRtya karate sAtha cale / malloM kA jahA~ mukuTa-bandhana nAmaka caitya thA, vahA~ saba Aye / Ananda se mArga-darzana pAkara cakravartI kI taraha bhagavAn kA aMtyeSTi- kArya sampanna karane lage / usI krama se bhagavAn ke zarIra ko citA para rakhA / 1. handa yAni, bhikkhave AmantayAmi vo - vayaSammA saGghArA, appamAdena sampAdeyA ti / 2010_05

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344 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana mahAkAzyapa kA Agamana malloM ne usa samaya citA ko prajjvalita karanA caahaa| para, ve vaisA na kara ske| AyuSmAn anuruddha ne isakA kAraNa btaayaa--"vaashisstto| tumhArA abhiprAya kucha aura hai tathA devatAoM kA abhiprAya kucha aura / devatA cAhate haiM, bhagavAn kI citA taba jale, jaba AyuSmAn mahA kAzyapa bhagavAn kA caraNa-sparza kara leN|" "kahA~ haiM bhante ! AyuSmAn mahAkAzyapa ?" anuruddha ne uttara diyA-pAMca sau bhikSuoM ke sAtha ve pAvA aura kuzInArA ke bIca rAste meM A rahe haiN|" malloM ne kahA-"bhante ! jaisA devatAoM kA abhiprAya hai, vaisA hI ho|" AyuSyAn mahAkAzyapa mukuTa-bandhana caitya meM phuNce| unhoMne cIvara ko eka kandhe para kara, aMjali jor3a, tIna bAra citA kI parikramA kii| vastra haTA kara apane sira se caraNasparza kiyaa| sArdhavartI pAMca sau bhikSuoM ne bhI vaisA hI kiyaa| yaha saba hote hI citA svayaM jala uThI / jaise ghI aura tela ke jalane para kucha zeSa nahIM rahatA, vaise hI bhagavAn ke zarIra meM jo carma, mAMsa Adi the, unakI na rAkha banI, na koyalA bnaa| kevala asthiyA~ hI zeSa rhiiN| bhagavAn ke zarIra ke dagdha ho jAne para AkAza meM megha prAdurbhUta huA aura usane citA ko zAnta kiyaa| usa samaya malloM ne bhagavAn kI asthiyAM apane saMsthAgAra meM sthApita kii| surakSA ke lie zakti-paMjara' bnvaayaa| dhanuSa prAkAra bnvaayaa| asthiyoM ke sammAna meM nRtya, gIta Adi prArambha kiye| dhAtu-vibhAjana usa samaya magadharAja ajAtazatru ne dUta bheja kara malloM ko kahalAyA-"bhagavAn kSatriya the; maiM bhI kSatriya huuN| bhagavAn kI asthiyoM kA eka bhAga mujhe mile / maiM stUpa banavAU~gA aura pUjA kruuNgaa|" isI prakAra vaizAlI ke licchaviyoM ne, kapilavastu ke zAkyoM ne, alla. kappa ke buliyoM ne, rAma-gAma ke koliyoM ne, beTha-dIpa ke brAhmaNoM ne tathA pAvA ke malloM ne bhI apane pRthak-pRthak adhikAra batalA kara asthiyoM kI mAMga kii| kuzInArA ke malloM ne nirNaya kiyA-"bhagavAn hamAre yahA~ parinirvRtta hue haiM; ata: hama kisI ko asthiyoM kA bhAga nahIM deNge|" droNa brAhmaNa ne malloM se kahA--'yaha nirNaya ThIka nhiiN| bhagavAn kSamAvAdI the, hameM bhI kSamA se kAma lenA cAhie / asthiyoM ke lie jhagar3A ho, yaha ThIka nahIM / ATha sthAnoM para bhagavAn kI asthiyA~ hoMgI, to ATha stUpa hoMge aura adhika loga buddha ke prati AsthAzIla bneNge|" 1. hAtha meM mAlA lie puruSoM kA gheraa| 2. hAtha meM dhanuSa lie puruSoM kA gheraa| ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] parinirvANa malloM ne isa prastAva ko svIkAra kiyaa| tadanantara droNa brAhmaNa ne asthiyoM ke ATha vibhAga kara sabako eka-eka bhAga diyA / jisa kumbha meM asthiyA~ rakhI thIM, vaha apane pAsa rkhaa| pippalIvana ke maurya Aye / asthiyAM baMTa cukI thiiN| ve citA se aMgAra (koyalA) le gye| sabhI ne apane-apane prApta avazeSoM para stUpa bnvaaye| bhagavAn kI eka dAr3ha svargaloga meM pUjita hai aura eka gandhArapura meN| eka kaliMgarAjA ke deza meM aura eka ko nAgarAja pUjate haiN| cAlIsa keza, roma Adi ko eka-eka karake nAnA cakravAloM meM devatA le gye|' 1. ekA hi dANa tidivehi pUjitA, ekA pana gandhArapure mahIyati / kAliGgarajJo vijite punekaM, ekapana nAgarAjA maheti // ... catAlIsa samA dantA, kesA lomA ca sbbso| devA harisaM ekeka, cakkavAlaparamparA ti / / 2010_05

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16 vihAra aura varSAvAsa donoM yuga-puruSa vihAra aura varSAvAsa kI dRSTi se bahuta hI abhinna rahe haiN| magadha, videha, kAzI, kozala, vatsa, aGga, vajjI, malla Adi janapada donoM ke pramukha vihAra-kSetra rahe haiN| rAjagRha, mithilA, vArANasI, zrAvastI, kauzAmbI, campA, vaizAlI, pAvA-ye nagariyA~ kramaza: ina janapadoM kI rAjadhAniyA~ thIM aura ye mahAvIra aura buddha; donoM ke hI gamanAgamana kI kendra rahIM haiN| adhikAMza rAjadhAniyoM meM donoM ne varSAvAsa bhI kiye haiN| prastuta grantha kI kAla-gaNanA ke anusAra rAjagRha meM do varSAvAsa donoM ke eka sAtha hote haiN| ___ mahAvIra ne kahAM kitane varSAvAsa kiye, yaha byorA kappasutta' meM milatA hai| varSAvAsa ke atirikta kina-kina grAmoM meM mahAvIra rahe, yaha byaurA Agama-granthoM meM ghaTanA-prasaMgoM ke sAtha prakIrNa rUpa se milatA hai / chadmastha-avasthA ke dvAdaza varSoM kA kramika byorA Avazyaka kI niyukti, cUNi, bhASya aura TIkA meM, kappasutta kI TIkA meM tathA AcArya nemicandra, guNacandra tathA hemacandra dvArA likhe gae mahAvIra-caritroM meM milatA hai| zeSa varSAvAsa aura vihAra kA kramika rUpa kyA thA, yaha na kApasutta meM hI milatA hai aura na itara sAhitya meN| vartamAna ke kucha vidvAnoM ne mahAvIra ke vihAra aura varSAvAsoM ko Rmika rUpa dene kA prayatna kiyA hai, jinameM muni kalyANavijayI va AcArya vijayendra sUri ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| buddha ke vihAra aura varSAvAsoM kA kramika vivaraNa mUla piTaka granthoM meM nahIM miltaa| aMguttara nikAya aTThakathA meM bodhi-lAma ke uttaravartI varSAvAsoM kA kramika sandhAna kiyA gayA hai| hrIsa DeviDsa, rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, DA0 bharatasiMha upAdhyAya" prabhRti vidvAnoM ne 1. sU0 122 / 2. zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra / 3. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra (2 bhaag)| 4.2-4-5 / 5. Buddhism | 6. buddhacaryA / 7. buddhakAlIna bhAratIya bhUgola, pra. hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga, 1961 / ____ 2010_05

Page #401
itihAsa aura paramparA ] vihAra aura varSAvAsa buddha ke samagra varSAvAsoM aura vihAroM kA kramika rUpa prastuta kiyA hai| anumAna para AdhArita isa sandhAna meM matabhedoM kA honA to svAbhAvika hai hI / kula milA kara abhAva ko sadbhAva meM pariNata karane kA yaha AyAsa upayogI hI hai / isase donoM yuga-puruSoM ke varSAvAsoM aura vihAroM kA moTA khAkA sarva sAdhAraNa ke sammukha A hI jAtA hai / 347 AcArya vijayendra sUri aura rAhula sAMkRtyAyana dvArA saMyojita donoM yuga-puruSoM ke vihAra aura varSAvAsoM kA kramika byaurA yahAM diyA jA rahA hai| vaha tulanAtmaka anusandhitsA kI dRSTi se bahuta upayogI ho sakegA, aisI AzA hai / ukta byore ko prastuta grantha kI kAla-gaNanA ke sAtha bhI saMgata kara diyA gayA hai / suvidhA aura spaSTatA ke lie prastuta tAlikAoM kA eka prAmANika tulanAtmaka vivaraNa mI banA diyA gayA hai, jo yahA~ agale pRSTha meM diyA jA rahA hai : 2010_05

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568 568 r 348 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 mahAvIra-vihAra san I0 pU0 varSa chadmasthAvasthA varSAvAsa 566 kuNDagrAma, jJAtakhaNDavana, kAragrAma, kollAga asthika grAma sanniveza, morAka sanniveza, dUijjaMtaga-Azrama, (vardhamAna) asthika grAma (vrdhmaan)| morAka sanniveza, vAcAlA, dakSiNa-vAcAlA, nAlandA sanniveza suvarNa vAlukA (nadI), rupya vAlukA (nadI), kanakakhala Azramapada, uttara-vAcAlA, zvetAmbI, surabhipura, gaMgA nadI, thUNAka sanniveza, rAjagRha, nAlandA snnivesh| 567 3 kollAga sanniveza, suvarNa khala, brAhmaNagrAma, campAnagarI cmpaangrii| kAlAya sanniveza, patta kAlAya kumAraka sanni- pRSTha campA veza, corAka sanniveza, pRSTha cmpaa| 565 5 kayaMgalA sanniveza, zrAvastI, haliduyaM, jaMgalA, bhaddiyA nagarI AvattA, corAya sanniveza, kalaMkabukA sanniveza, rADha deza (anArya bhUmi), pUrNakalaza (anArya gA~va), malaya pradeza , bhddiyaa| 564 kayalI samAgama, jambUsaMDa, taMbAya sanniveza, kUpiya bhaddiyA nagarI sanniveza, vaizAlI, grAmAka sanniveza zAlIzIrSa, bhdiyaa| 563 mi, aalNbhiyaa| AlaMbhiyA 562 8 kuNDAla sanniveza, madana sanniveza, bahusAlaga, rAjagRha zAlavana, lohArgalA, purimatAla, zakaTamukha udyAna, unnAga (tunnAka), gobhUmi, rAjagRha / 5616 lADha, vajrabhUmi aura sumhabhUmi, anArya desh| vajrabhUmi 560 10 siddhArthapura, kUrmagrAma, siddhArthapura, vaizAlI, gaMDakI zrAvastI nadI (maMDakI), vANijya grAma, shraavstii| 2010_05 |

Page #403
346 varSAvAsa vaizAlI itihAsa aura paramparA] vihAra aura varSAvAsa san I0 pU0 varSa chadmasthAvasthA 556 11 sAnulaThyi sanniveza, dRDhabhUmi, polAsa-caitya vAlukA, subhoga succhetA, malaya, hatthisIsa, tosali, siddhArthapura, bajagA~va, AlaMbhiyA, seyaviyA, zrAvastI, kauzAmbo, vArANasI, rAjagRha, mithilA, vaizAlI, kAma mahAvana / 558 12 suMsamArapura, bhogapura, nandigrAma, meM Dhiya grAma, kauzAmbI, sumaMgala, succhetA, pAlaka, campA / 55.7 13 jaMbhiyagrAma, meM Dhiya, chammANi, madhyama apApA, jabhiyagrAma, RjuvAlukA (ndii)| campA kaivalyAvasthA 5571 RjuvAlukA, pAvApurI, rAjagRha / 2 rAjagRha, brAhmaNakuNDa, vaishaalii| rAjagRha vaizAlI 555 vANijyagrAma 3 vaizAlI, kauzAmbI, zrAvastI, vANijyagrAma / 4 vANijya grAma, rAjagRha / rAjagRha 553 5 rAjagRha, campA, vItabhaya, vANijyagrAma / vANijyagrAma 552 6 vANijya grAma, vArANasI, AlaMbhiyA, rAjagRha / rAjagRha 551 rAjagRha vaizAlI 7 rAjagRha / 8 rAjagRha, AlaMbhiyA, kauzAmbI, vaishaalii| 6 vaizAlI, mithilA, kAkaMdI, kAMpilyapura, polAsapura, vANijyagrAma, vaishaalii| 549 vaizAlI 548 10 vaizAlI, rAjagRha / rAjagRha ____ 2010_05 2010_05

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350 [khaNDa ! 1 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana kaivalyAvasthA san pU0 I0 varSa varSAvAsa vANijyagrAma 11 rAjagRha, kRtaMgalA, zrAvastI, vANijyagrAma / 12 vANijyagrAma, brAhmaNakuNDa, kauzAmbI, rAjagRha / rAjagRha 547 546 545 544 rAjagRha campA 13 rAjagRha, campA, rAjagRha / 14 rAjagRha, kAkandI, mithilA, campA / 15 campA, zrAvastI, meDhiyagrAma, campA, mithilaa| 16 mithilA, hastinApura, mokAnagarI, vANijyagrAma / mithilA 12 vANijya grAma 541 17 vANijyagrAma, rAjagRha / rAjagRha 18 rAjagRha, pRSThacampA, campA, darzANapura, vaannijygraam| vANijyagrAma 536 vaizAlI 16 vANijyagrAma, kAmpilyapura, vaishaalii| 20 vaizAlI, vANijyagrAma, vaishaalii| 538 vaizAlI 537 21 vaizAlI, rAjagRha, campA, pRSThacampA, rAjagRha / rAjagRha 22 rAjagRha, naalndaa| nAlandA vaizAlI 535 23 nAlandA, vANijyagrAma, vaishaalii| 24 vaizAlI, sAketa, vaishaalii| vaizAlI 533 25 vaizAlI, rAjagRha / rAjagaha 532 26 rAjagRha, nAlandA / nAlandA 2010_05

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itihAsa aura pamparA ] san I0 pU0 varSa 531 530 526 528 27 nAlandA, mithilA / mithilA / 26 mithilA, rAjagRha / 28 30 vihAra aura varSAvAsa kaivalyAvasthA 2010_05 rAjagRha, apApApurI ( nirvANa ) / varSAvAsa mithilA mithilA 351 rAjagRha apApApurI ( pAvA )

Page #406
Agama aura tripiTika : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 sana varSAvAsa buddha-vihAra sApanAvasthA I0pU0 varSa 553 1 kapilavastu, anUpiyA (malla), rAjagRha, urUvelA (athavA kapilavastu, vaizAlI, rAjagRha, uruuvelaa)|' 552 2 uruvelA / uruvelA (senAnIgrAma) uruvelA 550 4 // 546 5 548 6 buddhAvasthA 547 1 urUvelA, gayA, RSipattana (vaaraannsii)| RSipattana (vArANasI) rAjagRha rAjagRha 546 2 RSipattana, urUvelA, gayA, rAjagRha, (athavA vaizAlI, kapilavastu, anUpiyA, rAjagRha)* / 545 3 rAjagRha, kapilavastu, anUpiyA (malla), nala kapAna (kozala). rAjagRha (athavA rAjagRha, vaizAlI, zrAvastI, kITAgiri, AlavI, rAjagRha) / * 544 4 rAjagRha, vaizAlI, zrAvastI, rAjagRha* / 543 5 rAjagRha, kapilavastu, vaishaalii| 542 6 vaizAlI, maMkulaparvata / 541 7 maMkulaparvata, rAjagRha, zrAvastI trystrish| 540 8 trayastriza, saMkAzyanagara, zrAvastI, rAjagRha, vaizAlI, suNsumaargiri| 536 6 suMsumAragiri, kauzAmbI, bAlaka loNakAra, prAcIna vaMza dAva (athavA kauzAmbI--kampAsadamma (kuru)* / rAjagRha vaizAlI maMkulaparvata trayastriza suMsumAragiri kauzAmbI 1. mahAyAna paramparA ke anusaar| * DA0 bharatasiMha upAdhyAya ke anusAra / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] vihAra aura varSAvAsa varSAvAsa pArileyaka nAlA veraMjA cAliyaparvata zrAvastI kapilavastu san varSa buddhAvasthA I0pU0 538 10 prAcIna vaMza dAva, pArileyaka, shraavsto| 537 11 nAlA (eknaalaa)*| 536 12 nAlA, nAlaMdA, paM vazAlA, kammAsadamma (kuru), mathurA, veraMjA (athavA zrAvastI, verNjaa)*| 535 13 veraMjA, vArANasI, vaizAlI, cAliyaparvata (athavA veraMjA, mathurA, veraMjA, koreyya, saMkassa, kaNNakujja, payAgapatiTThAna, vArANasI, vaizAlI, zrAvastI, caaliyprvt)*| 534 14 cAliyaparvata, vaizAlI, bhaddiyA, ApaNa (aMguttarApa), kusi nArA, AtumA, shraavstii| 533 15 zrAvastI, manasAkaTa (kosala), icchAnaMgala (kosala), opa sAda, khANumatta (magagha), campA, kapilavastu / 532 16 kapilavastu, kITAgiri, AlavI / 531 17 AlavI, rAjagRha (athavA AlavI, zrAvastI, Alavo, raajgRh)*| 530 18 rAjagRha, cAliyaparvata / 526 16 cAliya parvata, campA, kAjagalA, zilAvatI (suhma), setakaNika (suhma), cAliyaparvata (athavA cAliyaparvata, AlavI caaliyprvt)*| 528 20 cAliyaparvata, rAjagRha / 527 21 rAjagRha, zrAvastI, kapilavastu, sAmagAma, pAvA vaishaalii+| 526- 22- aMga, magadha, kAzI, kosala, vajjI, vaMsa, cedi, paMcAla, kuru, 503 45 videha, zAkya, koliya, malla Adi janapadoM ke vibhinna sthAna / 502 46 zrAvastI, rAjagRha, vaizAlI, pAvA aura kusinArA (nirvaann)| AlavI rAjagRha cAliyaparvata cAliyaparvata rAjagRha zrAvastI zrAvastI veluva / (vaizAlI) * DA0 bharatasiMha upAdhyAya ke anusAra / + sAmagAma, pAvA kI yAtrA rAhulajI ke anusAra parinirvANa se do varSa pUrva kI thI, para hamArI kAla-gaNanA ke anusAra yaha saMgata nahIM hai| x DA0 bharatasiMha upAdhyAya ke anusAra (draSTavya, buddhakAlIna bhAratIya bhUgola pa0112-118) ____ 2010_05

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17 tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta AgamoM meM jahA~ buddha ke nAmollekha kI bhI alpatA hai, vahA~ tripiTakoM meM mahAvIra sambandhI ghaTanA-prasaMgoM kI bahulatA hai| vahAM unheM 'nigaNTha nAtaputta'' kahA gayA hai| nigaNTha' zabda sAmAnyataH jaina bhikSu kA sUcaka hai| nAtaputta zabda bhagavAna mahAvIra ke lie AgamasAhitya meM bhI prayukta hai| ve ghaTanA-prasaMga kahA~ taka yathArtha haiM, isa cintA meM yadi hama na jAyeM, to nissandeha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve bahuta hI sarasa, rocaka aura preraka haiN| donoM dharma-saMghoM ke pArasparika sambandhoM, siddhAntoM va dhAraNAoM para ve pUrA prakAza DAlate haiN| mahAvIra aura buddha kA eka-dUsare se kabhI sAkSAt huA, aisA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| eka samaya meM eka hI nagara ke vibhinna udyAnoM meM ve rahe, aise aneka ullekha avazya milate haiM / gRhapati upAli ke carcA-prasaMga va asibandhaka putra grAmaNI ke carcA-prasaMga para donoM dharmanAyaka nAlaMdA meM the| siMha senApati ke carcA-prasaMga para donoM vaizAlI meM the| abhayarAjakumAra kI carcA meM donoM ke rAjagRha meM hone kA ullekha hai| mahAsakuladAyI sattanta meM to sAtoM dharmanAyakoM kA eka hI varSAvAsa rAjagRha meM hone kA ullekha hai / 'divyazakti-pradarzana' ke ghaTanAprasaMga para sAtoM dharmanAyakoM ke eka sAtha rAjagRha meM hone kA ullekha hai| sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatA (odium theologicum) tripiTakoM meM Aye sabhI samullekha bhAva-bhASA se buddha kI zreSThatA aura mahAvIra kI nyUnatA vyakta karate haiN| jAtaka-aTThakathA aura dhammapada-aTThakathA ke kucha prasaMga isa sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatA (Odium theologicum) utkRSTa udAharaNa haiN| eka prasaMga aisA bhI hai, jo sAmAnya avalokana meM bahuta nimna zreNI kA lagatA hai, para, mUlata: vaha aisA nahIM hai| 1. kahIM-kahIM nigaNTha nAthaputta aura nigaNTha nATaputta bhI hai| 2. dasaveyAliya, suu06|20 / 3. dekhiye ; isI prakaraNa meM kramazaH prasaMga-saMkhyA 2,6,1,3,13, aura 17 / 4. isa prakaraNa kI prasaMga-saMkhyA 35,36,37 / 5. isa prakaraNa kI prasaMga-saMkhyA 18,16,41 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta mahAvIra ke nirvANa-saMvAda ko lekara pahuMcane vAle bhikSu cunda samaNuddeza ko buddha ke pAsa le jAte hue Ananda kahate haiM : asthi kho, ivaM, 'Avuso cunda, kathApAbhataM bhagavantaM dassanAya' arthAt Avusa cunda ! bhagavAn ke darzana meM yaha saMvAda kathA-prAmRta (upahAra) hogaa| sAmAnyataH yaha lagatA hI hai ki mahAvIra kA nidhana-saMvAda pAkara Ananda ko kitanA harSa huA hai aura usane use upahAra rUpa mAnA hai| maiMne apane eka prAktana nibandha meM usakI tathArUpa AlocanA bhI kI hai|' para, sAriputra ke mRtyu-saMvAda ko lekara bhI vahI cunda Ananda ke pAsa AtA hai, vahAM para bhI Ananda kahate haiM : 'atthi kho, Avusa cunda kathApAbhataM bhagavantaM dassanAya' / 2 isase pramANita hotA hai ki yaha bauddha-paramparA kI yA usa yuga kI ukti-mAtra hai| isase kutsA abhivyakta nahIM hotii| pAli vAGmaya meM prAyaH sabhI samullekha nigaNTha nAtaputta va nigaNTha-dharma ke prati AkSe. pAtmaka haiN| isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM ki ve bauddhoM aura nigaNThoM ke adhikatama matabheda kI sUcanA dete haiN| bahudhA hotA yaha hai, jo sampradAya jisa sampradAya se jitanA nikaTa hai, utanA hI adhika usakA Alocaka hotA hai| dUra ke bheda kSamya hote haiM, nikaTa ke akSamya / yahI ukta manovRtti kA kAraNa ho sakatA hai| Aja ke sampradAyoM meM bhI yahI sthiti hai| jaina sampradAya jitane paraspara eka-dUsare ke Alocaka haiM, utane bauddha yA vaidika dharmoM ke nhiiN| prasaMgoM kI samapratA prastuta prakaraNa meM tripiTaka-sAhitya ke ve samullekha saMgRhIta kiye gaye haiM, jinameM kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM mahAvIra kA sambandha AtA hai| sAtha-sAtha ve samullekha bhI le liye gaye haiM, jo nirgrantha sampradAya ke sambandha se haiN| aneka samullekha pichale prakaraNoM meM prasaMgopAtta uddhata hue haiM, para, samagratA kI dRSTi se unheM isa prakaraNa meM bhI punaH le liyA gayA hai| DaoN0 harmana jekobI ne 'jaina sUtroM kI bhUmikA meM tripiTakoM meM Aye mahAvIra va nirgranthoM sambandhI samullekhoM kA samIkSAtmaka saMkalana prastuta kiyA hai / ve samullekha 11 haiN| DaoN0 jekobI kI dhAraNA meM taba taka kI prakAzita sAmagrI kA vaha samagra saMkalana hai| prastuta prakaraNa meM ve samullekha 11 kI apekSA 51 ho gaye haiN| ina navIna prasaMgoM meM se kucha una granthoM ke ho sakate haiM, jo usa samaya taka prakAzita na hue hoM, para, kucha samullekha aise bhI haiM jo DaoN. jekobI kI nigAha se baca rahe the ; kyoMki eka hI grantha ke kucha samullekha DaoN. jekobI ke saMkalana meM bhAye haiM aura kucha nhiiN| DA0 malazekara ne bhI 'nigaNTha nAtaputta' zabda para jo saMdarbha Akalita kiye haiM, ve bhI paripUrNa nahIM haiN| 1. bhikSu smRti grantha, khaNDa 2, pR0 6 se 10, 'pAli vAGmaya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra' zIrSaka lekha, zrI jaina zvetA0 terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, 1960 / 2. saMyutta nikAya, cunda sutta, 45-2-3 / 3. S. B. E., vol. XIV, introduction, pp. XIV to XXIII. 8. Dictionary of Pali Proper Names vol., II. pp. 61-65. ____ 2010_05

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356 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa :1 prastuta saMkalana meM itanI jAgarUkatA vizeSataH baratI gaI hai ki tripiTakoM meM se koI bhI prasaMga vilaga na raha jAye / aTThakathAoM va itara granthoM ke prasaMga bhI yathAsambhava isa saMkalana meM le liye gaye haiN| kahA jA sakatA hai, prastuta prakaraNa tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta viSayaka prasaMgoM' kA bharA-pUrA aura prAmANika Akalana bana gayA hai, jo sambandhita viSaya ke pAThakoM va gaveSakoM ke lie mahattvapUrNa aura upayogI siddha ho sakatA hai| vargIkaraNa va bhASA prasaMga mUla rUpa meM prakIrNa haiN| prastuta Akalana meM unheM tIna vibhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai1. carcA-prasaMga, 2. ghaTanA-prasaMga aura 3. ullekha-prasaMga / ina prasaMgoM kI saMkhyA kramazaH 13,8 aura 30 haiM / samullekhoM para yathAsthAna samIkSAtmaka TippaNa bhI de diye gaye haiN| bhASA kI dRSTi se yaha dhyAna to rakhA hI gayA hai ki adhika-se-adhika mUlAnusArI rahe; para, punarukti va vistAra ke bhaya se bahuta sthAnoM para bhAvamAtra le liyA gayA hai| kucha eka prasaMga vividha viSayoM se sambandhita the; unase mukhyatayA yahA~ itanA hI aMza liyA gayA hai, jo nigaNTha nAtaputta yA nirgrantha-dharma se sambandhita thaa| samI prasaMgoM ke mUla pAli pATha pariziSTa meM diye gaye haiN|' 1. carcA-prasaMga 1. siMha senApati eka bAra bhagavAn vaizAlI ke mahAvana kI kUTAgArazAlA meM vihAra kara rahe the| usa samaya pratiSThita licchavI saMsthAgAra meM ekatra ho, buddha dharma aura saMgha kA guNotkIrtana kara rahe the| nigaMThoM kA zrAvaka siMha senApati bhI vahA~ baiThA thaa| guNotkIrtana se vaha bahuta prabhAvita haa| usane socA-"niHsaMzaya bhagavAn buddha arhat samyak sambuddha hoNge| isIlie bahuta sAre pratiSThita licchavI unakA yazogAna kara rahe haiN| kyoM na maiM bhI una bhagavAna ke darzana karU~?" __ siMha senApati nigaMTha nATaputta ke pAsa AyA aura unheM apane saMkalpa se sUcita kiyaa| nigaMTha nATaputta ne kahA -"siMha ! kriyAvAdI hote hue bhI tU akriyAvAdI zramaNa gautama ke darzanArtha jAegA ? vaha to zrAvakoM ko akriyAvAda kA hI upadeza karatA hai|" senApati kI bhAvanA zAnta ho gii| dUsarI bAra phira eka dina bahuta sAre pratiSThita licchavI saMsthAgAra meM ekatrita hue| siMha senApati bhI vahA~ upasthita thaa| buddha, dharma aura saMgha kA guNotkIrtana suna, vaha puna: prabhAvita huaa| usake mana meM buddha ke darzanoM kI punaH utkaNThA jAgRta huii| nigaMTha nATapatta ke pAsa AyA aura apanI bhAvanA vyakta kii| nigaMTha nATa putta ne punaH usI bAta ko duharAyA / senApati ne buddha ke pAsa jAne kA vicAra tyAga diyaa| tIsarI bAra saMsthAgAra meM puna: vahI prasaMga upasthita huaa| isa bAra siMha senApati ne mana-hI-mana vimarSaNa 1. dekhie, pariziSTa.1 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 357 kiyA-"pUchU yA na pUcha ? nigaMTha nAtaputta merA kyA karage ? kyoM na maiM unheM binA pUche hI una bhagavAn ke darzanArtha jAU~ ?" dopahara ko siMha senApati pA~ca sau rathoM ke sAtha buddha ke darzanArtha vaizAlI se claa| jahA~ taka ratha pahu~ca sakate the, vahA~ taka ratha se aura bAda meM paidala hI ArAma meM praviSTa huaa| bhagavAna ke pAsa gayA aura abhivAdana kara eka ora baiTha gyaa| vinamratA se nivedana kiyA"bhante ! maiMne sunA hai ki zramaNa gautama akriyAvAdI hai, akriyA ke lie hI dharmopadeza karatA hai aura ziSyoM ko usI ora le jAtA hai / bhante ! jo aisA kahatA hai, kyA vaha Apake bAre meM ThIka kahatA hai ? mithyA hI bhagavAn kI nindA to nahIM karatA ? dharmAnusAra hI dharma ko kahatA hai ? isa prakAra ke vAda-vivAda se dharma kI nindA to nahIM hotI? bhante ! hama bhagavAn kI nindA karanA nahIM caahte|" 'siMha ! isakA kAraNa hai, jisase mujhe aisA kahA jAtA hai|" 'bhante ! isakA kyA kAraNa hai ?" 'siMha ! maiM kAya-duzcarita , vacana-duScarita, mana-duzcarita aura tathAprakAra kI aneka barAiyoM ko akri yA kahatA hU~ tathA unake nivAraNa ke lie janatA ko upadeza detA hai| ataH mujhe loga akriyAvAdI kahate haiN|" siMha ! 'mujhe bahuta sAre loga kriyAvAdI bhI kahate haiN| ve kahate haiM, maiM kriyA ke lie dharmopadeza karatA hai aura usI ora zrAvakoM ko le jAtA huuN| usakA bhI kAraNa tUne khojA hogA?" "bhante ! maiM usa kAraNa ko jAnanA cAhatA huuN|" "siMha ! maiM kAya sucarita, vAk sucarita, mana :--sucarita aura tathAprakAra ke aneka dharmoM kI kriyA kahatA hU~; ata: mujhe loga kriyA vAdI kahate haiN| isI prakAra mujhe ucchedavAdI, jugupsu, vainayika tapasvI va apagarbha bhI kahate haiN|" "siMha! mubhe assasaMta (Azva saMta) bhI kahate haiM / usakA tAtparya hai, maiM parama AzvAsa se AzvAsita huuN| AzvAsa ke lie dharmopadeza karatA hU~ aura AzvAsa ke mArga se hI zrAvakoM ko le jAtA huuN|" siMha senApati ke mukha se sahasA udAna nikalA- "Azcarya bhante ! Azcarya bhante ! mubhe Apa upAsaka svIkAra kreN|" buddha ne uttara diyA--"siMha ! soca-samajha kara kadama utthaao| tumhAre jaise sambhrAnta vyakti ke lie soca-samajha kara hI nizcaya karanA ucita hai|" siMha senApati bolA-"mante! bhagavAn ke isa kathana se maiM aura bhI santuSTa huA huuN| dUsare tairthika to mere jaisA ziSya pAkara phUle nahIM samAte haiM / sArI vaizAlI meM patAkA ur3Ate haiM-'siMha senApati hamArA ziSya (zrAvaka) ho gayA hai| kintu bhagavAn to mujhe yaha parAmarza dete haiM--siMha ! soca samajha kara hI aisA kro|' bhante ! maiM dUsarI bAra bhagavAn kI zaraNa jAtA hU~, dharma va bhikSu-saMdha kI zaraNa jAtA huuN|" ___ "siMha ! terA ghara dIrgha kAla se nigaMThoM ke lie pyAU kI taraha rahA hai| tere ghara Ane para unheM piNDa na denA cAhie, aisA mata smjhnaa|" ____ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 "bhante ! isase maiM aura bhI prasanna mana, santuSTa aura abhirata huA huuN| maiMne sunA thA, zramaNa gautama kahatA hai- 'mujhe hI dAna denA caahie|' kintu bhagavAn to mujhe nigaMThoM ko bhI dAna dene ke lie kahate haiM / bhante ! hama bhI upayukta samajhate haiN| maiM tIsarI bAra bhagavAn kI zaraNa grahaNa karatA huuN|" gautama buddha ne siMha senApati ko AnupUrvI kathA kahate hue dAna-zIla va svarga-kathA, kAmabhogoM ke doSa, apakAra va kleza, aura niSkAmatA kA mAhAtmya prakAzita kiyaa| buddha ne jaba siMha senApati ko aroga-citta, mRdu-citta, anAcchAdita-citta, udagra-citta, prasanna-cirsa jAnA, to buddhoM kI svayaM uThAne vAlI dharma-dezanA se use prakAzita kiyaa| zuddha vastra jisa prakAra sahajatA se raMga pakar3a letA hai, usI prakAra siMha senApati ko usI Asana para vimala, viraja dharma-cakSu utpanna huaa| siMha senApati dRSTa-dharma, prApta-dharma, vidita-dharma, paryavagAr3ha-dharma, saMdeha-rahita, vAdavivAda-rahita, vizAradatA-prApta, zAstA ke zAsana meM svataMtra ho bhagavAn se bolA"bhante ! bhikSu-saMgha ke sAtha merA kala kA bhojana svIkAra kreN|" gautama buddha ne mauna ke sAtha usa nimaMtraNa ko svIkAra kiyA / siMha senApati Asana se uThA aura abhivAdana kara va pradakSiNA kara calA gyaa| siMha senApati ne apane eka anucara ko nirdeza diyA-'yadi kahIM taiyAra mAMsa milatA ho to le aa|" rAta bItane para vaha svayaM uThA / uttama bhojana taiyAra karavAye aura bhagavAn ko kAla kI sUcanA dii| pUrvAhna ke samaya buddha cIvara pahana, pAtra-cIvara le siMha senApati ke ghara aaye| bhikSu-saMgha ke sAtha biche Asana para baitthe| usa samaya bahuta sAre nigaMTha (jaina-sAdhu ) vaizAlI ke rAjamArgoM va caurAhoM para Urdhva bAhu hokara cillA rahe the- siMha senApati ne Aja eka bahuta bar3e pazu ko mAra kara zramaNa gautama ke lie bhojana banAyA hai / zramaNa gautama jAna-bUjhakara apane hI uddezya se banAye gaye usa mAMsa ko khAtA hai|" zahara meM isa udanta ko sunakara eka puruSa siMha senApati ke pAsa gyaa| usake kAna meM sArI bAta khii| siMha senApati ne upekSA dikhAte hue kahA-"jAne do Arya ! ye AyuSyamAn (nigaMTha) cirakAla se buddha, dharma va saMgha kI nindA cAhane vAle haiN| ye bhagavAna kI asata, tuccha, mithyA nindA karate hue bhI nahIM shrmaate| hama to apane lie bhI jAna-bUjhakara kisI kA prANa-viyojana nahIM kreNge|" siMha senApati ne buddha-sahita bhikSu-saMgha ko apane hAthoM uttama bhojana parosA / unheM santarpita kara paripUrNa kiyaa| pAtra se hAtha khIMca lene para siMha senApati eka ora baiTha gyaa| buddha ne use dhArmika kathA dvArA saMdarzita kiyA aura Asana se uThakara cala diye| bhikSaoM ko sambodhita karate hue buddha ne kahA- "jAna-bUjhakara apane uddezya se bane mAMsa ko nahIM khAnA caahie| jo khAye, use dukkaTa kA doss| bhikSuo, adRSTa, azruta va aparizaMkita; ina tIna koTi se parizuddha mAMsa khAne kI maiM anujJA detA hai|" vinayapiTaka mahAvagga, bhaiSajya khandhaka, 6-4-8 ke AdhAra se ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 359 samIkSA siMha senApati aura tathAprakAra ke udanta kA Agama-sAhitya meM kahIM AbhAsa nahIM miltaa| mahAvIra ke kisI anuyAyI kA buddha kI zaraNa meM A jAnA aura buddha ke kisI anuyAyI kA mahAvIra kI zaraNa meM A jAnA, koI adbhuta va asambhava bAta nahIM hai, para, janaparamparA meM isa ghaTanA kA yatkicit bhI samullekha hotA to vaha pUrNatayA hI aitihAsika rUpa le letii| asaMbhava kI koTi meM mAnane kA to aba bhI koI AdhAra nahIM hai| gajarAtI sAhityakAra zrI jaya bhikkhU ne apane aitihAsika upanyAsa narakesarI meM siMha senApati ko mahAvIra ke parama anuyAyI ceTaka hone kI sambhAvanA vyakta kI hai, para, vaha yathArtha nahIM hai|' siMha senApati kA vistRta varNana bauddha sAhitya meM bhI nahIM miltaa| isa ghaTanA-prasaMga ke atirikta usakA nAmollekha aMguttara nikAya meM buddha se kI gaI dAna-sambandhI carcA meM AtA hai yA therIgAthA meM siMhA bhikkhuNI ke pitRvya ke rUpa meM AtA hai| ukta prakaraNa meM mahAvIra ko kriyAvAdI vyakta kiyA gayA hai| kriyAvAda zabda usa samaya meM bahuta vyApaka artha kA vAcI rahA hai / kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, ajJAnavAda aura vinayavAda ke 363 bheda jaina paramparA meM mAne gae haiN| para, kriyAvAda aura akriyAvAda ke ina bhedoM meM mahAvIra kA abhimata nahIM hai| ve saba para-mata kI carcA haiN| mahAvIra ko jo kriyAvAdI kahA gayA hai, apekSA-bheda se yaha bhI yathArtha mAnA jA sakatA hai| isakA AdhAra sUyagaDAMga se milatA hai| vahA~ batAyA gayA hai ki jo AtmA ko jAnatA hai, jo loka ko jAnatA hai, jo gati aura antargati ko jAnatA hai, jo nitya-anitya, janma-maraNa aura prANiyoM ke gati-krama ko jAnatA hai, jo sattvoM kI vedanA ko jAnatA hai, jo Azrava aura saMvara ko jAnatA hai. jo duHkha ko tathA nirjarA ko jAnatA hai, vahI kriyAvAda ko yathArtha rUpa se kaha sakatA hai| jo ina tattvoM ko jAnatA hai arthAt svIkAra karatA hai, vahI kriyAvAdI hai| isI prakAra AyAraMga 1. vizeSa carcA dekheM, 'anuyAyI rAjA' prakaraNa ke antargata 'ceTaka' / 2. The Book of Gradual Sayings. Vol III, p. 38; Vol. IV, p. 69. 3. therIgAthA 77-81 / 4. sUyagaDAMga, zru0 1, gA0 1, niyukti gA0 116-121 / attANa jo jANati jo ya loga, gaiMca jo jANai NAgaI ca / jo sAsayaM jANa asAsayaM ca, jAtiM ca maraNaM ca jaNovavAyaM / / aho'vi sattANa viuTThaNaM ca, jo AsavaM jANati saMvaraM ca / dukkhaM ca jo jANati nijjaraM ca, so bhAsiumarihai kiriyavAdaM / sUyagaDAMga, zru0 1, a0 12, gA0 20.21 / 6. 'yazcaitAn padArthAn 'jAnAti' abhyupagacchati sa paramArthataH kriyAvAdaM jAnAti / ' sUyagaDAMga vRtti, zru0 1, a0 12, gA0 21 / ____ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 meM AtmavAdI ko kriyAvAdI kahA hai|' vastutaH to bhagavAna mahAvIra anekAntavAdI the / unakA darzana to Ahesu vijjAcaraNaM pamokkhaM kI ukti meM vyakta hotA hai, jisakA hArda hai, jJAna aura kriyA kI yugapat sthiti meM hI mokSa kI sambhAvanA hai| - ukta prasaMga meM buddha ne bhI to mano-duzcarita, mana:-sucarita Adi ke apekSA-bheda se svayaM ko kriyAvAdI aura akriyAvAdI donoM hI batAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| bauddha bhikSu aura bhikSuNiyoM ke lie mAMsAhAra kA spaSTa vidhAna isI ghaTanA-prasagai se banA hai| adRSTa, azruta va aparizaMkita mAMsa ko buddha ne grAhya kahA hai / nigaMThoM ne yahA~ uddiSTa mAMsa kA virodha kiyA hai / ArdrakakumAra prakaraNa meM bhI uddiSTa mAMsa ko gahaspida kahA hai| 2. gRhapati upAli eka samaya bhagavAn buddha nAlandA meM prAvArika ke Amra-vana meM vihAra karate the| usa samaya nigaNTha nAtaputta bhI nigaMThoM (jana-sAghuoM) kI mahatI pariSad ke sAtha nAlandA meM vihAra kara rahe the| eka dIrgha tapasvI nirgrantha nAlandA meM bhikSAcAra kara, piNDapAta samApta kara prAvArika ke Amra-vana meM buddha ke pAsa aayaa| unheM kuzala-prazna pUchA aura eka ora khar3A ho gyaa| dIrgha tapasvI nirgrantha se buddha ne kahA-"tapasvin ! Asana taiyAra hai, yadi icchA ho to baiTha jaao|" dIrgha tapasvI eka nIcA Asana lekara eka ora baiTha gyaa| baddha ne usase kahA-"pApa karma karane ke lie, pApa-karma kI pravRtti ke lie nirgrantha nAtaputta kitane karmoM kA vidhAna karate haiM?" "Avasa gautama ! 'karma' kA vidhAna karanA nirgrantha jJAtaputra kI paramparA ke viruddha hai| ve to 'daNDa' kA hI vidhAna karate haiN|" __ "tapasvin ! to pApa-karma kI pravRtti ke lie nigaMTha nAtaputta kitane 'daNDa' kA vidhAna karate haiM ?" "gautama ! ve kAya-daNDa, vacana-daNDa aura mana-daNDa; ina tIna daNDoM kA vidhAna karate haiN|" "tapasvin ! kyA ve bhinna-bhinna haiM ?" "hA~, gautama ! ve bhinna-bhinna haiN|" 1. se AyAvAdI loyAvAdI kiriyAvAdI kammavAdI / -AyAraMga // 110 2. sUyagaDAMga zru0 1, a0 12, gA0 11 / 3. thUla urabbhaM iha mAriyANaM, udiTThabhattaM e pgppettaa| sUyagaDAMga, zru0 2, a0 6, gA0 37 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 361 'tapasvin ! tIna daNDoM meM se nigaNTha nAtaputta ne kisa daNDa ko mahAdoSa-yukta kahA hai?" "Avusa gautama! kAya-daNDa ko|" "tapasvin ! kAya-daNDa ko !" "Avusa gautama ! ho, kAya-daNDa ko|" gautama buddha ne tapasvI nirgrantha se vahI prazna tIna bAra pUchA aura tapasvI ne vahI uttara diyaa| isa prakAra buddha ne tapasvI nirgrantha ko eka hI kathA-vastu meM tIna bAra pratiSThApita kiyaa| dIrgha tapasvI nirgrantha ne buddha se pUchA-"Avusa gautama ! pApa-karma karane ke lie, pApa karma kI pravRtti ke lie tuma kitane 'daNDa' kA vidhAna karate ho?" ___ "tapasvin ! 'daNDa' kA vidhAna karanA tathAgata kI paramparA ke viruddha hai| ve to 'karma' kA hI vidhAna karate haiN|" "Avasa gautama ! tuma kitane karmoM kA vidhAna karate ho?" "tapasvin ! maiM to tIna karma batalAtA hU~-kAya-karma, vacana-karma aura mn-krm|" "kyA ve bhinna-bhinna haiM ?" "hA~, ve bhinna-bhinna haiN|" "isa prakAra vibhakta ina tIna karmoM meM tuma kisako mahAdoSI ThaharAte ho ?" "mana-karma ko mahAdoSI batalAtA huuN|" "mana-karma ko?" "hAM, mana-karma ko|" tapasvI nirgrantha ne buddha se vahI prazna tIna bAra pUchA aura buddha ne vahI uttara diyaa| isa prakAra tapasvI nirgrantha ne buddha ko usI kathA-vastu (vivAda) meM tIna bAra pratiSThApita kiyaa| vahA~ se uThA aura nigaMTha nAtaputta ke pAsa calA aayaa| nigaMTha nAtaputta usa samaya mahatI gRhastha.pariSad se ghire the / bAlaka loNakAra-nivAsI upAli bhI usameM upasthita thaa| dUra se Ate hue dIrgha tapasvI nirgrantha ko dekha kara nigaMTha nAtaputta ne pUchA-"tapasvin ! madhyAhna meM tU kahAM se A rahA hai ?" "bhante / zramaNa gautama ke pAsa se A rahA huuN|" "zramaNa gautama ke sAtha kyA terA kucha kathA-saMlApa huA ?" "ho, bhante !" nigaMTha nAtaputta ke nirdeza se dIrgha tapasvI nirgrantha ne vaha sArA kathA-saMlApa sunaayaa| nigaMTha nAtaputta ne dIrgha tapasvI nimrantha ko sAdhuvAda dete hue usake pakSa kA prabala samarthana kiyA aura kahA-"zAstA ke zAsana (upadeza) kA samyag jJAtA, bahuzruta zrAvaka kAya-daNDa ko hI mahAdoSI batalAyegA; vacana-daNDa va mana-daNDa ko usa zreNI meM nhiiN|" upAli gRhapati ne bhI nigaMTha nAtaputta ke kathana kA samarthana kiyA aura dIrSa tapasvI nirgrantha ko sAdhuvAda diyaa| sAtha hI usane yaha bhI kahA-"bhante ! yadi Apa anujJA deM, to maiM jAU~ aura isI kathA-vastu meM zramaNa gautama ke sAtha zAstrArtha karUM ? zramaNa gautama ne 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha nAtaputta [khaNDa : 1 dIrgha tapasvI nimrantha ke samakSa jisa prakAra apane pakSa kA samarthana kiyA, vaise hI yadi yaha mere sAmane karegA, to jaise koI baliSTha puruSa bher3a ke lambe-lambe kezoM ko pakar3a kara use nikAlatA hai, ghumAtA hai, phapher3atA hai; usI prakAra maiM usake vAda ko nikAlUMgA, ghumAU~gA aura phphedduuNgaa| bhante ! jaise koI zauNDika karmakara zauNDikA-kilaMja ko tAlAba meM pheMka kara usake kAnoM ko pakar3a kara nikAlatA hai, ghumAtA hai, DulAtA hai ; usI prakAra maiM zramaNa gauttama ke vAda (siddhAnta) ko nikAlUMgA, ghumAU~gA aura DulAU~gA / sATha varSIya puSTa hAthI gaharI puSkariNI meM ghusa kura jaise sana-dhovana khela khelatA hai, vaise hI maiM zramaNa gautama ko sana-dhovana khela khilAU~gA / Apa mujhe anujJA deM / maiM jAtA hU~ aura zAstrArtha karatA huuN|" nimaMTha nAtaputta ne upAli ko saharSa anujJA dI aura zAstrArtha kI preraNA dii| sAtha hI unhoMne eka prazna bhI upasthita kara diyA - "gRhapati ! gautama ke sAtha maiM zAstrArtha karU~, dIrva tapasvI nirgrantha kare yA tU karegA?" dIrgha tapasvI nimrantha ne prastAva rakhA- "bhante ! gRhapati upAli kA zramaNa gautamake pAsa jAnA aura zAstrArtha karanA ucita nahIM hai| vaha mAyAvI hai| AvartanI mAyA ke mAdhyama se vaha mati-bhrama kara detA hai aura dUsare taithikoM ke zrAvakoM ko apane prabhAva meM le letA hai|" nigaMTha nAtaputta ne usa prastAva kA virodha karate hue kahA-"tapasvin ! yaha saMbhava nahIM hai ki- gRhapati upAli zramaNa gautama kA zrAvaka ho jAe / mujhe to yahI saMbhava lagatA hai ki zramaNa gautama hI gRhapati upAli kA zrAvaka ho jaae|" gRhapati upAli kI ora abhimukha hokara unhoMne nirdeza diyA- gRhapati ! jAo aura zramaNa gautama ke sAtha zAstrArtha kro|" upAli ne usa nirdeza ko saharSa zirodhArya kiyA aura nigaMTha nAtaputta ko abhivAdana va pradakSiNA kara prAvArika Amra-vana meM bhagavAn buddha ke pAsa aayaa| abhivAdana kara eka ora baiTha gyaa| upAli dvArA pUche jAne para buddha ne dIrgha tapasvI nimrantha ke sAtha hue sAre kathA-saMlApa-ko savistAra sunaayaa| upAli ne kahA-"yaha ThIka hI hai / yaha nirjIva manadaNDa mahAn kAya-daNDa ke samakSa nagaNya hai| pApa-karma kI pravRtti ke lie kAya-daNDa hI mahAdoSI hai|" gRhapati ! yadi tU satya meM sthira hokara maMtraNA kare to hama donoM kA saMlApa ho|" "bhante ! maiM satya meM sthira huuN| Apa Arambha kreN|" "gRhapati ! bhayaMkara roga se grasta, zItala jala kA parityAgI va USNa jala kA sevI eka nimaMTha pAnI ke abhAva se kAla-kavalita ho jAtA hai, to nigaMTha nAtaputta usakI punaH utpatti kahAM batalAyeMge ?' "mante ! vaha nigaMTha manaH-sattva devAlaya meM utpanna hogA; kyoMki vaha mana se baMdhA mRtyu prApta huA hai|" - "gRhapati ! thor3A cintana kr| tere pUrva pakSa se yaha pakSa aura isa pakSa se pUrva pakSa bAdhita hotA hai|" 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 363 apane pakSa ke samarthana meM zramaNa gautama ne Age kahA- "gRhapati ! cAturyAma' saMvara se saMvRtta, sarva vAri ke nivAraNa meM tatpara eka nirgrantha gamanAgamana meM bahuta sAre choTe-choTe prANi samudAya ko mAratA hai / nigaMTha nAtaputta isakA kyA phala batalAte haiM ?' " " "bhante ! nigaMTha nAtaputta ajJAta ko mahAdoSI nahIM kahate / ' "yadi jJAta ho to ?" "bhante ! taba mahAdoSa hogA / " "nigaMTha nAtaputta jJAna kI gaNanA kisa daNDa meM karate haiM ?" "bhante ! mana daNDa meM / " "gRhapati ! thor3A cintana kara / tere pUrva pakSa se yaha pakSa aura isa pakSa se pUrva pakSa bAdhita hotA hai / " eka anya yukti prastuta karate hue gautama buddha ne kahA- " gRhapati ! eka puruSa naMmI talavAra lekara Aye aura kahe- 'nAlandA ke sabhI nAgarikoM ko eka hI kSaNa va eka hI muhUrta meM maiM pretya-dhAma pahu~cAU~gA aura khaliyAna meM unake mAMsa kA eka Dhera banAU~gA / " gRhapati ! kyA vaha vyakti aisA kara sakatA hai ?" "bhante ! dasa-bIsa, cAlIsa-pacAsa vyakti bhI aisA nahIM kara sakate, vaha eka pAmara vyakti kyA kara sakegA ?" "gRhapati ! eka buddhimAn zramaNa yA brAhmaNa Aye, jisane apane citta ko vaza meM kiyA hai, aura kahe - " maiM isa nAlandA ko mAnasika krodha se bhasma kara dUMgA, to kyA vaha aisA kara sakatA hai ?" " bhante ! eka nAlandA hI kyA ; isa prakAra ke pacAsoM nagaroM ko vaha bhasma kara sakatA hai / " gRhapati ! thor3A cintana kara kyA terA yaha kathana pUrva pakSa se mela khAtA hai ?" gautama buddha ne apane pakSa ke samarthana meM eka anya upamA prastuta karate hue upAli se pUchA - "gRhapati ! tU ne daNDakAraNya, kaliMgAraNya, medhyAraNya, mAtaMgAraNya kI ghaTanAe~ sunI haiM ? ve araNya kisa prakAra hue ?" "bhante ! RSiyoM ke mAnasika kopa ke zrApa se / " gRhapati ! tere hI kathana se terA pakSa bAdhita hotA hai aura merA pakSa pramANita / tUne mahale kahA thA- satya meM sthira hokara maMtraNA karUMgA / tU apanI pratijJA kA smaraNa kara / " "bhante ! bhagavAn kI prathama upamA se hI maiM santuSTa aura abhirata ho gayA thA / paTibhAna (vicitra praznoM ke vyAkhyAna) ko aura adhika sunane ke abhiprAya se maiMne Apako prativAdI banAyA thA / Azcarya bhante ! Azcarya bhante ! jaise ulaTe ko sIdhA kara de, AvRtta 1. (ka) prANiyoM kI hiMsA na karanA, na karavAnA aura na anumodana karanA; (kha) corI na karanA, (ga) jhUTha na bolanA, (gha) bhAvita ( kAmabhoga) na cAhanA / 2. sacitta zItala jala yA pApa rUpI jala / 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa:1 ko anAvRtta kara de, mArga-vismRta ko mArga batA de, andhere meM tela kA dIpaka dikhA de, jisase sanetra dekha sakeM; usI prakAra bhagavAn ne aneka prakAra se dharma ko prakAzita kiyA hai / maiM bhagavAn kI zaraNa grahaNa karatA hU~, dharma va bhikSu-saMgha kI bhii| Aja se mujhe aJjali-baddha zaraNAgata svIkAra kreN|" buddha ne kahA- "gRhapati ! soca-samajha kara kadama utthaao| tumhAre jaise sambhrAnta vyakti ke lie soca-samajha kara hI nizcaya karanA ucita hai|" bhante ! bhagavAn ke isa kathana se maiM aura bhI prasanna-mana, santuSTa aura abhirata huA haiN| mante ! dUsare taMrthika to mere jaisA zrAvaka pAkara phUle nahIM smaate| sAre nAlandA meM patAkA ur3Ate phirate haiM-'upAli gRhapati hamArA zrAvaka ho gayA hai / ' kintu, bhagavAn to majhe soca-samajha kara hI kadama uThAne kA parAmarza dete haiN| bhante ! maiM dUsarI bAra bhagavAna kI zaraNa jAtA hai, dharma va bhikSu-saMgha kI zaraNa jAtA huuN| "gahapati ! terA ghara dIrgha-kAla se nigaMThoM ke lie pyAU kI taraha rahA hai / ghara Ane para unheM piNDa na denA cAhie, aisA mata smjhnaa|" "mante ! isase mai aura hI prasanna-mana, santuSTa aura abhirata huA huuN| maiMne sunA thA, zramaNa gautama kahatA hai--'mujhe hI dAna denA cAhie, dUsaroM ko nahIM / mere hI zrAvakoM ko dAna denA cAhie, anya ko nhiiN| mujhe va mere zrAvakoM ko hI dAna dene kA mahAphala hotA hai, dUsaroM ko dene se nhiiN|' kintu, bhagavAn to mujhe nigaMThoM ko bhI dAna dene ke lie kahate haiN| bhante ! hama bhI ise upayukta samajhate haiN| maiM tIsarI bAra bhagavAn kI zaraNa jAtA hU~, dharma va bhikSu-saMgha kI bhii|" gautama buddha ne gRhapati upAli kI AnupUrvI kathA khii| zuddha vastra jisa prakAra sahajatA se raMga pakar3a letA hai, usI prakAra upAli ko usI Asana para vimala viraja dharmacakSa utpanna huaa| gautama buddha se anumati lekara upAli apane ghara aayaa| apane dvArapAla ko usane nirdeza diyA-"saumya ! Aja se maiM nigaMThoM aura nirgaThiyoM ke lie apanA dvAra banda karatA haiN| bhagavAn ke bhikSu-bhikSuNI, upAsaka aura upAsikAoM ke lie dvAra kholatA huuN| yadi koI nirgrantha Aye to use dvAra para roka kara spaSTa zabdoM meM merA yaha nirdeza sunA denaa| yadi ve piNDa cAhate hoM to unheM dvAra para hI roke rahanA aura ghara se lAkara vahA~ de denaa|" dIrgha tapasvI nirgrantha ne jaba yaha sunA ki gRhapati upAli zramaNa gautama kA zrAvaka ho gayA hai, to vaha nigaMTha nAtaputta ke pAsa AyA aura unheM sArI ghaTanA sunaaii| nigaMTha nAtaputta ne dRr3hatA ke sAtha apane usI abhimata ko duharAte hue kahA- "gRhapati upAli zramaNa gautama kA upAsaka ho jAe, yaha asambhava hai| zramaNa gautama hI usakA zrAvaka ho jAe, yahI sambhava hai|" dIrgha tapasvI nirgrantha ne apane abhimata ko tIna bAra duharAyA aura nigaMTha nAtaputta ne apane abhimata ko| dIrgha tapasvI nigaMTha nAtaputta se anumati lekara yaha jAnane ke lie ki ___ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta upAli zramaNa gautama kA zrAvaka banA yA nahIM, gRhapati ke ghara aayaa| dvArapAla ne use vahIM rokA aura kahA-'gRhapati upAli Aja se zramaNa gautama kA zrAvaka ho gayA hai / usane nigaMThoM kI upAsanA chor3a dI hai| yadi tumheM piNDa cAhie, to yahIM tthhro| hama yahIM lA "mujhe piNDa nahIM cAhie' ; yaha kahatA huA dIrgha tapasvI nirgrantha vApasa mur3a gayA aura nigaMTha nAtaputta ke pAsa aayaa| usane savistAra ukta ghaTanA sunAte hue kahA-"bhante ! maiMne pahale hI kahA thA ki gRhapati upAli ko gautama ke sAtha zAstrArtha karane ke lie na bhejeN| vaha AvartanI mAyA jAnatA hai / bhante ! vahI huA / upAli ko zramaNa gautama ne apanA zrAvaka banA hI liyA hai|" nigaMTha nAtaputta ne apane usI mata ko duharAte hue kahA-"tapasvin ! yaha asambhava hai| upAli zramaNa gautama kA zrAvaka nahIM ho sktaa| zramaNa gautama hI usakA zrAvaka ho saketA hai|" dIrgha tapasvI nirgrantha ne kahA-"bhante ! aisA nahIM hai| vaha to unakA zrAvaka ho gayA hai / maiM usake ghara se abhI lauTA huuN| usake dauvArika ne mujhe spaSTa kahA hai|" dIrgha tapasvI nigraMntha ne apanI bAta ko do-tIna bAra duharAyA aura nigaMTha nAtaputta ne apanI bAta ko| antataH nigaMTha nAtaputta ne tapasvI se kahA- "to maiM jAtA hU~ aura svayaM hI yaha jAnane kA prayatna karU~gA ki upAli zramaNa gautama kA zrAvaka banA yA nahIM ?" nigaMTha nAta putta nirgranthoM kI mahatI pariSad ke sAtha upAli gRhapati ke ghara ge| dvAra. pAla ne dUra se Ate hue unheM dekhaa| Age Akara mArga rokate hue unheM kahA-"bhante ! ghara meM praveza na kareM / gRhapati upAli aba se zramaNa gautama kA zrAvaka ho gayA hai| yadi piNDa cAhie to hama yahIM lA deNge|" nigaMTha nAtaputta ne kahA- "tuma gRhapati upAli ke pAsa jAo aura use sUcita karo, nigaMTha nAtaputta eka mahattI nirgrantha pariSad ke sAtha dvAra ke bAhara khar3e haiM aura Apako dekhanA cAhate haiN|" dauvArika ne zIghratA se gRhapati upAli ko sUcanA dii| upAli ne dauvArika ko mA-zAlA meM Asana bichAne kA nirdeza diyaa| dovArika ne vaisA hI kiyA / upAli vahA~ mAyA aura zreSTha va uttama Asana para svayaM baiThA / dauvArika se kahA-"nigaMTha nAtaputta cAheM, to unheM praveza karane do|" dvArapAla kA saMketa pAkara nigaMTha nAtaputta mahatI pariSad ke sAtha madhya-zAlA meM aaye| nigaMTha nAtaputta jaba kabhI gRhapati upAli ke ghara Ate the, to vaha dUra se unheM dekhate hI * unake svAgata meM daur3a par3atA thaa| zreSTha va uttama AsanoM ko caddara se svayaM poMcha kara unheM una para baiThAtA thaa| Aja unake Agamana para vaha na khar3A huA, na unakA svAgata kiyA aura na zreSTha va uttama AsanoM ke lie unheM nivedana hI kiyaa| svayaM baiThA hI rahA aura nigaMTha nAtaputta jaba samIpa Aye, to sAmAnya AsanoM kI ora saMketa karate hue kevala itanA hI kahA-"mante ! Asana taiyAra hai, yadi cAheM, to baitthe|" ____ 2010_05

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366 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 nigaMTha nAtaputta ne upAli se kahA- "gRhapati ! tU unmatta ho gayA hai ? jar3a ho gayA hai ? tU ne mujhe kahA thA, 'maiM buddha ke pAsa zAstrArtha karU~gA, use parAsta karU~gA aura svayaM bar3e bhArI vAda ke saMghATa (jAla) meM phaMsa kara lauTA hai / aNDakoza-hAraka jaise nikAle hue aNDoM ke sAtha aura akSi-hAraka jaise nikAlI huI akSi ke sAtha lauTatA hai, vaise hI gRhapati ! tU zramaNa gautama ke sAtha zAstrArtha karane gayA thA aura tU hI svayaM usake vAda-saMghATa (jAla) meM phaMsa kara lauTA hai| zramaNa gautama ne AvartanI mAyA se terI buddhi meM vibhrama paidA kara diyA hai| gRhapati ne uttara diyA-'bhante ! yaha AvartanI mAyA sundara hai, kalyANI hai, mere priya jAti bhAI bhI yadi isa AvartanI mAyA dvArA phera lie jAyeM, to yaha unake cirakAla taka hita-sukha ke lie hogaa| yadi sabhI kSatriya, sabhI brAhmaNa, sabhI vaizya, sabhI zUdra, deva-mArabrahmA sahita sArA loka, zramaNa-brAhmaNa-deva manuSya sArI prajA isa AvartanI mAyA ke dvArA phera lI jAye, to yaha cirakAla taka unake hita-sukha ke lie hogaa|" gRhapati upAli ne kahA-"bhante ! maiM apane abhimata ko eka upamA dvArA aura spaSTa karanA cAhatA huuN| pUrva kAla meM kisI jIrNa mahallaka brAhmaNa kI eka nava vayaskA mANavikA patnI Asanna-prasavA huii| usane brAhmaNa ko kahA-'bAjAra se bandara ke bacce kA eka khilaunA laao| vaha mere kumAra kA khilaunA hogaa|' brAhmaNa ne uttara diyA-'kumAra kA janma hote hI maiM khilaunA lA duuNgaa| Apa itanI zIghratA kyoM karatI haiM ?' kintu mANavikA ne usakI eka nahIM sunii| usane haTha-pUrvaka apanI bAta ko do-tIna bAra duhraayaa| brAhmaNa usameM anurakta-citta thA; ata: vaha bAjAra se markaTa-zAvaka kA khilaunA le AyA aura use sauMpa diyaa| mANavikA ne kahA-'Apa ise lekara rajaka-putra ke pAsa jAyeM aura use Apa pIle raMga se raMgane, malane va camaka yukta karane ke lie nirdeza deN|' brAhmaNa ne vaisA hI kiyA, kintu, rajaka-putra ne use lauTAte hue kahA-'yaha khilaunA na raMgane ke yogya hai, na malane ke yogya hai aura na camaka karane yogya hii|' isI prakAra bhante ! bAla (nakta) nigaMThoM kA siddhAnta bAloM ke raMjana ke lie hI hai; paNDitoM ke lie nhiiN| yaha to na parIkSA (anuyoma) ke yogya hai aura na mImAMsA ke yogya / __ "vahI brAhmaNa eka dhussA lekara rajaka-putra ke pAsa gyaa| usane use raMgane, malane aura camaka-yukta karane ke lie diyaa| rajaka-putra ne use le liyA aura kahA- "yaha tumhArA dhussA avazya raMgane, malane va camaka karane ke bhI upayukta hai| isIlie bhante ! una bhagavAn arhat samyak sambuddha kA vAda (siddhAnta) paNDitoM ke raMjana ke yogya haiM ; bAloM ke lie nhiiN| vaha parIkSA aura mImAMsA ke yogya bhI hai|" nigaMTha nAtaputta ne kahA- "gRhapati ! rAjA aura sArI janatA jAnatI hai ki upAli gRhapati nigaMTha nAtaputta kA zrAvaka hai| aba tujhe kisakA zrAvaka samajhanA cAhie ?" gRhapati tatkAla Asana se utthaa| usane uttarAsaMga ko eka kandhe para kiyaa| jisa dizA meM bhagavAn gautama the, usa ora baddhAJjali hokara nigaMTha nAtaputta me bolA-'maiM una bhagavAn kA zrAvaka hU~, jo vigatamoha, nirduHkha, vizva ke tAraka, anuttara, kSemakara, jJAnI, mukta, dAnta, Arya, bhAvitAtmA, smRtimAn, mahAprAjJa, tathAgata, sugata, mahAn, uttama yazaprApta haiN|" ____ 201005 For Private &Personal Use Only

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 367 gapati ! zramaNa gautama ke gaNa tajhe kaba jJAta hae ?" "bhante ! puSpa-rAzi lekara jaise koI mAlI yA usakA ziSya vicitra mAlA gUMthe ; usI prakAra mante! ve bhagavAna aneka varNa (guNa) vAle, aneka zata varNa vAle haiN| mante ! prazaMsanIya kI prazaMsA kauna nahIM karegA?" zramaNa gautama ke satkAra ko saha na sakane se nigaMTha nAtaputta ke muMha se garma khUna nikala aayaa| -majjhima nikAya, upAli suttanta, 2-1-6 ke AdhAra se samIkSA ___ uli nAmaka koI variSTha upAsaka mahAvIra kA thA, aisA ullekha Agama sAhitya meM kahIM nahIM milatA hai| jaina bhikSu itara bhikSuoM ke prati kuzala prazna kare, aisI bhI paramparA nahIM hai| dIrgha tapasvI nintha aura buddha ke bIca hue vArtAlApa aura sambodhana Adi se yaha bhI pratidhvanita hotA hai ki buddha yuvA haiM aura dIrgha tapasvI nirgrantha vayovRddha / isase mahAvIra kA jyeSTha honA aura buddha kA choTA honA bhI puSTa hotA hai| ___ 'daNDa' aura 'karma' kI carcA meM donoM hI zabda eka dUsare ke paryAyavAcI haiN| daNDa zabda kA upayoga AgamoM meM bhI isI artha meM mila jAtA hai|' 'manaH karma Adi kA jaina paramparA meM koI virodha nahIM hai| mahAvIra ke mata ko ekAnta rUpa se kAyika-karma-pradhAna batalAnA yayArtha nahIM hai| pApa-puNya ke vicAra meM jaina-paddhati ke anusAra manaH, vacana aura kAya ; ina tInoM kI hI sApekSatA hai| mana:-karma kI mAnyatA ke poSaka aneka AdhAra jainaparamparA meM prasiddha haiN| prasannacandra rAjarSi kA manodvandva, taNDula matsya kI mAnasika hiMsA, skandaka muni kA apane prAgbhava meM kAcara (phala vizeSa) kA chIlanA Adi isake jvalanta udAharaNa haiN| Agama to yahA~ taka kahate haiM, ekendriya prANiyoM ke vadha meM aura paMcendriya prANiyoM ke vadha meM indriyoM ke AdhAra para pApa kI nyUnAdhikatA kahanA, anArya vacana hai| DaoN. jekobI ne upAli ke ghaTanA-prasaMga para samIkSA karate hue likhA hai-"mahAvIra kA kAyika pApa ko bar3A batAnA Agama-sammata hI hai / sUyagaDAMga (2, 4 tathA 2, 6) meM isa abhimata kI puSTi milatI hai|"4 DaoN. jekobI kI yaha samIkSA-yathArtha nahIM hai| kyoMki vahA~ jo kahA gayA hai, isakA hArda isase adhika nahIM hai ki kAya-daNDa bhI eka pApa-bandha kA primitta hai aura upahAsa manodaNDa kI ekAntavAditA kA kiyA gayA hai| isa prasaMga meM nirgrantha 1. sthAnAMga, sthA0 3, sU0 126 ; Avazyaka sUtra, caturtha adhyayana / 2. dekhie; 'anuyAyI rAjA' prakaraNa ke antargata 'zreNika bimbisaar'| 3. ahiMsA paryavekSaNa, pR067| 4. S. B.E. Vol. XLV, introduction, p.XVII. 5. dekheM; sambandhita vivaraNa, samasAmayika dharma-nAyaka' prakaraNa ke antargata 'AIka muni|' ___ 2010_05

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mAgama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana ko zItajala kA parityAgI va uSNa jalasevI batAyA hai; jo jana-sAdhunoM kI kriyA se susaMgata hI hai| 3. abhaya rAjakumAra eka samaya bhagavAn rAjagRha ke veNu-vana kalandaka nivApa meM vihAra karate the| abhaya rAjakumAra nigaMTha nAtaputta ke pAsa gyaa| nigaMTha nAtaputta ne usase kahA--"rAjakumAra ! zramaNa gautama ke sAtha zAstrArtha kara, isase terA suyaza phailegaa| janatA meM carcA hogI, 'abhaya rAjakumAra ne itane mahaddhika zramaNa gautama ke sAtha zAstrArtha kiyA hai|" abhaya rAjakumAra ne nigaMTha nAtaputta se pUchA-"bhante ! maiM zAstrArtha kA Arambha kaise nigaMTha nAtaputta ne uttara diyA-"tuma gautama buddha se pUchanA, 'kyA tathAgata aisA vacana bola sakate haiM, jo dUsaroM ko apriya ho|' yadi zramaNa gautama svIkRti meM uttara de to pUchanA, 'phira pRthaga jana (ajJa saMsArI jIva) se tathAgata kA kyA antara huA? aise vacana to pRthag jana bhI bola sakatA hai / ' yadi zramaNa gautama nakArAtmaka uttara de to pUchanA, 'Apane devadatta ke lie yaha bhaviSyavANI kyoM kI, vaha durgatigAmI, nairayika, kalpa bhara narakavAsI aura acikitsya hai / Apake isa kathana se vaha kupita (asantuSTa) huA hai| isa prakAra donoM ora ke prazna pUchane para zramaNa gautama na ugala sakegA, na nigala skegaa| kisI puruSa ke gale meM yadi lohe kI baMsI phaMsa jAtI hai to vaha na ugala sakatA hai, na nigala sakatA hai| aisI hI sthiti buddha kI hogii|" nigaMTha nAtaputta ko abhivAdana kara abhaya rAjakumAra vahA~ se uThA aura buddha ke pAsa gyaa| abhivAdana kara eka ora baiTha gyaa| abhaya rAjakumAra ne samaya dekha kara socA'bhagavAn ke sAtha zAstrArtha karane kA Aja samaya nahIM hai| kala apane ghara para hI zAstrArtha kruuNgaa|" rAjakumAra ne usa samaya cAra AdamiyoM ke sAtha buddha ko dUsare dina ke bhojana kA nimaMtraNa diyaa| buddha ne mauna raha kara use svIkAra kiyA / abhaya rAjakumAra apane rAjaprAsAda meM calA aayaa| dUsare dina pUrvAhna ke samaya cIvara pahina kara, pAtra va cIvara lekara buddha abhaya rAja. kumAra ke ghara aaye| biche Asana para baitthe| abhaya rAjakumAra ne buddha ko uttama khAdya-mojya se apane hAtha se tRpta kiyaa| buddha ke bhojana kara cukane para, pAtra se hAtha haTA lene para abhaya rAjakumAra eka nIcA Asana lekara eka ora baiTha gayA aura zAstrArtha Arambha kiyaa| bolA-"bhante ! kyA tathAgata aisA vacana bola sakate haiM, jo dUsaroM ko apriya ho ?" buddha ne uttara diyA-"rAjakumAra ! yaha ekAntika rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sktaa|" uttara sunate hI abhaya rAjakumAra bola par3A-"mante ! nigaMTha naSTa ho gye|" buddha ne sAzcarya pUchA-"rAjakumAra ! kyA tU aise bola rahA hai-'bhante ! nigaMTha naSTa ho gae' abhaya rAjakumAra ne dRr3hatA ke sAtha kahA-"hA~, bhante ! bAta aisI hI hai| maiM nigaMTha nAtaputta ke pAsa gayA thaa| mujhe Apase yaha dubArA prazna pUchane ke lie unhoMne hI prerita ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaSTha nAtaputta 366 kiyA thaa| unakA kahanA thA, isa prakAra pUchane para zramaNa gautama na ugala sakegA aura na nigala sakegA / " abhaya rAjakumAra kI goda meM usa samaya eka bahuta hI choTA va susta zizu baiThA thA / use lakSita kara buddha ne kahA - "rAjakumAra ! tere yA dhAya ke pramoda se yaha zizu mukha meM kATha yA DhelA DAla le to tU isakA kyA karegA ?" rAjakumAra ne uttara diyA- "bhante ! maiM use nikAla lUMgA / yadi maiM use sIdhe hI na nikAla sakA to bAMye hAtha se sira pakar3a kara, dAhine hAtha se aMgulI Ter3hI kara khUna sahita bhI nikAla lUMgA; kyoMki kumAra para merI dayA hai / " buddha ne kahA - "rAjakumAra ! tathAgata atathya, anartha-yukta aura apriya vacana nahIM bolate / tathya sahita hone para bhI yadi anarthaka aura apriya hotA hai to tathAgata vaisA vacana nahIM bolte| dUsaroM ko priya hone para bhI jo vacana atathya va anarthaka hotA hai, tathAgata use bhI nahIM bolate / jisa vacana ko tathya va sArthaka samajhate haiM, vaha phira priya yA apriya bhI kyoM na ho; kAlajJa tathAgata bolate haiM; kyoMki unakI prANiyoM para dayA hai / " abhaya rAjakumAra ne kahA - "bhante ! kSatriya- paNDita, brAhmaNa paNDita, gRhapatipaNDita, zramaNa- paNDita prazna taiyAra kara tathAgata ke pAsa Ate haiM mora pUchate haiN| kyA Apa pahale se hI mana meM soce rahate haiM, jo mujhe aisA pUchegA, maiM unheM aisA uttara dU~gA / " buddha ne kahA - "rAjakumAra ! maiM tujhe hI eka prazna pUchanA cAhatA hUM, jaisA jace, vaisA uttara denaa| kyA tU ratha ke aMga-pratyaMga meM catura hai ?" "hA~ mante ! maiM ratha ke aMga-pratyaMga meM catura hU~ / " "rAjakumAra ! ratha kI ora saMketa kara yadi tujhe koI pUche, ratha kA yaha kauna-sA aMga-pratyaMga hai ? to kyA tU pahale se hI soce rahatA hai, aisA pUchA jAne para maiM aisA uttara dUMgA yA avasara para hI yaha tujhe mAsita hotA hai ?" "bhante ! maiM rathika hU~ / ratha ke pratyeka aMga-pratyaMga kA maiM prasiddha jJAtA hU~; ataH mujhe usI kSaNa mAsita ho jAtA hai|" "rAjakumAra ! isI prakAra tathAgata ko bhI usI kSaNa uttara bhAsita ho jAtA hai; kyoMki unakI dharma - dhAtu (mana kA viSaya ) acchI taraha sadha gaI hai / " abhaya rAjakumAra bolA - "Azcarya bhante ! adbhuta mante ! Apane aneka prakAra (paryAya) se dharma ko prakAzita kiyA hai| maiM bhagavAn kI zaraNa jAtA hU~, dharma va bhikSu saMgha kI mI / Aja se mujhe aMjalibaddha zaraNAgata upAsaka svIkAra kareM / " - majjhimanikAya, abhaya rAjakumAra suttanta, 2-1-8 ke AdhAra se samIkSA abhaya rAjakumAra kA samIkSAtmaka varNana kiyA jA cukA hai|' 1. dekheM, 'anuyAyI rAjA' prakaraNa ke antargata 'abhayakumAra' / 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 'apavAna' meM bhI abhaya aura mahAvIra ke isI ghaTanA-prasaMga kA ullekha huA hai| vahAM abhaya rAjakumAra apane atIta jIvana kI gAthA meM mahAvIra se vilaga hokara buddha kI zaraNa meM jAne kI bAta kahatA hai| ullekhanIya yaha hai ki buddha kI stuti meM bhI vaha vahA~ kittayitvA jinavaraM, kittito homi sacadA hI kahatA hai / 4. karma-carcA eka samaya bhagavAn buddha zAkyoM ke devadaha nigama meM vihAra karate the| bhagavAna meM bhikSuoM ko AmaMtrita kiyA aura unase kahA-"kucha eka zramaNa-brAhmaNoM kA yaha siddhAnta' hai-'yaha puruSa sukha-du:stra yA asukha yA aduHkha jo kucha bhI anubhava karatA hai, vaha pUrvakRta ke kAraNa hI karatA haiN| pUrvakRta karmoM kA tapasyA dvArA anta karane se va naye karmoM ke akaraNa se cisa bhaviSya meM vipAka-rahita (anAsrava) ho jAtA hai| vipAka-rahita hone se karma-kSaya, kamasaya se duHkha-kSaya, dukha:kSaya se vedanA-kSaya aura vedanA-kSaya se sabhI dukha nijIrNa ho jAte haiN| "bhikSuoM ! una nigaMThoM ko jaba maiM isa siddhAnta ke bAre meM pUchatA hU~, to ve ise ThIka batAte haiM / unase maiM punaH pUchatA hU~ -- 'kyA tuma yaha jAnate ho ki hama vigata meM the hI yA nahIM the? hamane vigata meM pApa-karma kiyA hI hai yA nahIM kiyA hai ? amuka-amuka pApa-karma kiyA hai ? kyA yaha bhI jAnate ho, itanA du:kha-nAza ho gayA hai, itanA duHkha-nAza abhI karanA hai aura itanA duHkha-nAza ho jAne para saba duHkha kA nAza ho jAyegA? kyA tuma yaha bhI jAnate ho ki isI janma meM akuzala dharma kA prahANa aura kuzala dharma kA lAbha honA hai ?' nigaMThoM ne mere ina praznoM ke uttara meM apanI anabhijJatA vyakta kii| taba maiMne unase kahA-'jaba tumheM yaha jJAta hI nahIM hai, to tumhArA yaha siddhAnta yukta nahIM hai / yadi tumheM uparyukta praznoM kA jJAna hotA, to tumhArA siddhAnta yukta ho sakatA thaa| jaise koI puruSa viSa se upalipta dRr3ha zara ke phana se viddha ho jAne para duHkhada, kaTu va tIvra vedanA kA anubhava karatA hai, usake mitra va sage-sambandhI use zalya-cikitsaka ke pAsa le jAte haiM / cikitsaka usake ghAva ko cIratA hai| isase vaha aura bhI adhika vedanA kA anubhava karatA hai| cikitsaka zalAkA se zalya kA parizodhana karatA hai / zalya ko nikAlatA hai| ina sabhI kriyAoM meM use tIvra vedanA kI anubhUti hotI hai| ghAva para davA lagAne se vaha kramazaH nIroga, sukhI va svavazI hokara yatheccha ghUmane lagatA hai| use yaha jJAta hotA hai, maiM zalya se viddha huA thA aura kramazaH isa prakAra nIroga aura sukhI huA huuN| yadi isI prakAra tumheM bhI yaha jJAta hotA ki hama pUrva meM the, pApa-karma kiye the aura amuka-amuka kiye the Adi; to tumhArA siddhAnta ThIka hotaa| kintu aisA nahIM hai| ataH yaha siddhAnta yukta nahIM hai|' 'nigaMThoM ne uttara meM kahA-'Avusa ! nigaMTha nAtaputta sarvajJa ; sarvadarzI, akhila jJAnadarzana ko jAnate haiN| calate, khar3e rahate, sote, jAgate sadA-sarvadA unheM jJAna-darzana upasthita rahatA hai| ve aisA kahate haiM--'Avuso nigaMTho ! jo tumhAre pUrvakRta karma haiM, unheM isa kar3avI 1. apadAna, 55-7-216 se 221 / 2. nigaMTha nAtaputta kA siddhaant| ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 371 duSkara tapasyA se naSTa kro| isa samaya kAya, vacana va mana se tuma saMvRtta ho, yaha tumhAre bhaviSya ke pApa kA akAraNa hai| isa prakAra prAcIna karmoM kI tapasyA se samApti hone para va naye karmoM ke anAgamana se bhaviSya meM tuma anAsrava ho jaaoge| bhaviSya meM anAsrava hone se kramaza: karma-kSaya, duHkha-kSaya, vedanA-kSaya aura sabhI duHkha nirjIrNa ho jaayeNge|' yaha siddhAnta hameM rucikara lagatA hai| isase hama santuSTa haiN|" ____ "nigaMThoM se maiMne kahA--'Avuso! 1. zraddhA, 2. ruci, 3. anuzrava, 4. AkAraparivitarka, 5. dRSTi-nidhyAna-kSAnti; ye pA~ca dharma isI janma meM do vipAka vAle haiN| atIta aMzavAdI zAstA (nigaMTha nAtaputta ) meM kyA ApakI zraddhA, ruci, anuzrava, AkAra parivitarka aura daSTi-nidhyAna-zAnti hai ?' bhikSuo ! nigaMThoM ke pAsa maiM isakA bhI koI vAda-parihAra nahIM dekhtaa| "bhikSuo ! una nigaMThoM se maiM phira pUchatA hU~-'jisa samaya tumhArA upakrama tIvra hotA hai, usa samaya usa upakrama-sambandhI duHkhada, tIna va kaTuka vedanA kA anubhava karate ho ? jisa samaya tumhArA upakrama tIvra nahIM hotA, usa samaya usa upakrama-sambandhI du:khada, tIvra va kaTuka vedanA kA anubhava karate ho ?' nigaMTha mujhe uttara dete haiM-'jisa samaya hamArA upakrama tIvra hotA hai, usa samaya hama usa upakrama-sambandhI duHkhada, tIvra va kaTuka vedanA kA anubhava karate haiM aura jisa samaya upakrama tIvra nahIM hotA, usa samaya hama tIvra vedanA kA anubhava nahIM krte|' nigaMThoM ke isa kathana va uparyukta siddhAnta meM virodha batAte hue maiMne unase kahA-'upakrama kI tIvratA se vedanA meM tIvratA kI anubhUti kA honA aura tIvratA ke abhAva meM vaisA na honA; yadi tuma yahI anubhava karate ho to avidyA, ajJAna va moha se usa siddhAnta ko ulTA samajha rahe ho|' bhikSuo ! nigaMThoM kI ora se isakA bhI mujhe koI uttara nahIM milaa| __ "bhikSao ! maiMne unase aura bhI kaI prazna pUche aura unhoMne saba meM hI anabhijJatA vyakta kii| maiMne unase pUchA-'nigaMTho ! jo isI janma meM vedanIya (bhogya) karma haiM, kyA unheM dUsare janma meM bhI vedanIya kiyA sakatA hai ?' 'nahIM, Avusa !' 'janmAntara vedanIya-karma ko upakrama-vizeSa se kyA isI janma ke lie vedanIya kiyA jA sakatA hai ?' 'nahIM, Avusa !' 'sukha-vedanIya-karma ko upakrama-vizeSa se kyA duHkha-vedanIya-karma kiyA jA sakatA hai ?' 'nahIM, Avusa !' 'duHkha-vedanIya-karma ko upakrama-vizeSa se kyA sukha-vedanIya karma kiyA jA sakatA hai ?' 'nahIM, Avusa !' paripakva vedanIya-karma ko upakrama-vizeSa se kyA aparipakva vedanIya karma kiyA jA sakatA hai ?' 'nahIM, Avusa !' 'aparipakva vedanIya-karma ko upakrama-vizeSa se kyA paripakva-vedanIya-karma kiyA jA sakatA hai ? ____ 2010_05

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372 Agama aura tripiTaka eka anuzIlana 'nahIM, Avusa ! ' 'bahu- vedanIya karma ko upakrama vizeSa se kyA alpa- vedanIya karma kiyA jA sakatA hai ? ' 'nahIM, Avusa !' 'alpa- vedanIya karma ko upakrama- vizeSa se kyA bahu- vedanIya karma kiyA jA sakatA hai ?" 'nahIM, Abusa !" [ khaNDa : 1 'vedanIya karma ko upakrama - vizeSa se kyA avedanIya karma kiyA jA sakatA hai ? ' 'nahIM, Avusa!' 'avedanIya karma ko upakrama - vizeSa se kyA vedanIya karma kiyA jA sakatA hai ? ' 'nahIM, Avusa ! ' "apane praznoM kA upasaMharaNa karate hue maiMne unase kahA - " upakrama - vizeSa se uparokta kAryoM meM se jaba kucha bhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, to AyuSmAn nigaMThoM kA upakrama aura dRr3ha udyoga niSphala ho jAtA hai / " "bhikSuo ! nigaMTha aise siddhAnta ko mAnate haiM / aise siddhAntavAdI dharmAnusAra dasa sthAnoM meM nindanIya hote hai : 1. yadi prANI pUrva vihita karmoM ke anusAra hI sukha-dukha bhogate haiM, to nigaMThoM ne vigata meM avazya hI bure karma kiye the, jinase ve vartamAna meM isa prakAra duHkhada, tIvra va kaTu vedanAeM bhoga rahe haiM / 2. yadi prANI IzvarAdhIna hI sukha-duHkha bhogate haiM, to nigaMTha avazya hI pApI Izvara dvArA banAe gae haiM, jo vartamAna meM isa prakAra duHkhada, tIvra va kaTu vedanAe~ bhoga rahe haiM / NIya haiM / 3. yadi prANI saMgati ( bhavitavyatA ) ke anusAra sukha-duHkha bhogate haiM, to nigaTha avazya hI burI saMgati vAle haiM, jo vartamAna meM isa prakAra duHkhada, tIvra va kaTu vedanAe~ bhoga rahe haiM / 4. yadi prANI abhijAti (janma) ke kAraNa sukha-duHkha abhijAta avazya hI burI hai, jo vartamAna meM isa prakAra duHkhada, rahe haiM / 5. yadi prANI isI janma ke upakrama vizeSa se sukha-du:kha bhogate haiM, to nigaMThoM kA isa janma kA upakrama bhI burA hai, jo vartamAna meM isa prakAra duHkhada, tIvra va kaTu vedanAe~ bhoga rahe haiN| 6. yadi prANI pUrva vihita karmoM ke kAraNa sukha-duHkha bhogate haiM, to nigaMTha garha bhogate haiM, to nigaMThoM kI tIvra va kaTu vedanAe~ bhoga 2010_05 7. yadi prANI Izvara - nirmiti se sukha - duHkha bhogate haiM, to nigaMTha garhaNIya haiM / 5, yadi prANI bhavitavyatA ke anusAra sukha-duHkha bhogate haiM, to nigaMTha garhaNIya haiM / & yadi prANI abhijAti ke kAraNa sukha-duHkha bhogate haiM, to nigaMTha garhaNIya haiM / 10. yadi prANI isI janma ke upakrama ke kAraNa sukha-duHkha bhogate haiM, to nigaMTha garha NIya haiM /

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373 itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 373 "pAMca upakrama, dRr3ha udyoga saphala haiM : 1. duHkha se anabhibhUta bhikSu zarIra ko duHkha se abhibhUta nahIM krtaa| 2. bhikSu dhArmika sukha kA parityAga nahIM krtaa| 3. bhikSu usa sukha meM adhika mUcchita nahIM hotaa| 4. bhikSu aisA jAnatA hai, isa duHkha kAraNa ke saMskAra ke abhyAsa-kartA ko, usa saMskArAbhyAsa se virAga hotA hai| 5. bhikSu aisA jAnatA hai, isa duHkha-nidAna kI upekSA karane vAle ko usa bhAvanA se virAga hotA hai / ....... "koI puruSa kisI strI meM anurukta, pratibaddha-citta va tIvra rAgI hai| yadi vaha puruSa usa strI ko kisI anya puruSa ke pAsa khar3e, bAteM karate va hAsya-vinoda karate hue dekhatA hai, to use bahuta zoka va duHkha hotA hai / vaha puruSa usa prasaMga se zikSA grahaNa kara apane mana ko vaza meM kara letA hai tathA usa strI se apanA anurAga-bhAva haTA letA hai| usake bAda vahI puruSa usa strI ko yadi anya puruSa ke sAtha khar3e, bAteM karate hue va hAsya-vinoda karate hue dekhatA hai to use zoka va duHkha nahIM hotA; kyoMki vaha puruSa usa strI se vItarAga ho cukA hai| isI prakAra jo bhikSu duHkha se anabhibhUta zarIra ko duHkha se abhibhUta nahIM karatA, dhArmika sukha kA parityAga nahIM karatA, usa sukha meM mUcchita nahIM hotA, ityAdi prakAroM se usakA daHkha jIrNa hotA hai aura usakA upakrama va dRr3ha udyoga saphala hotA hai| "sukha-vihAra karate hue kisI bhikSu ko aisA anubhava hotA hai ki mere akuzala dharma bar3ha rahe haiM aura kuzala dharma kSINa ho rahe haiM; ataH kyoM na maiM apane ko daHkha meM niyojita kalaM? vaha apane ko kaSTa-kAraka kriyAoM meM lagA detA hai| usake pariNAma-svarUpa usake akuzala dharma kSINa hone lagate haiM aura kuzala dharma bar3hane lagate haiN| jaba saba taraha se vaha apane ko kuzala dharmoM meM pratiSThita pAtA hai, to una kaSTa-kAraka kriyAoM ko chor3a detA hai; kyoMki usakA prayojana phalita ho gayA / eka iSukAra aMgAroM para bANa-phala ko tapAtA hai, use sIdhA karatA hai; kintu jaba vaha pUrNataH tapa jAtA hai, sIdhA ho jAtA hai, to vaha use punaH aMgAre para nahIM rakhatA; kyoMki usakA prayojana phalita ho gyaa| isI prakAra akuzala dharma kI kSINatA aura kuzala dharmoM kI vRddhi ho jAne para bhikSu kAyika kaSTa se uparAma le letA hai| usakA upakrama phalita hotA hai| hai ....bhikSuo ! tathAgata kA yaha vAda hai / isa vAda ke udgAtA tathAgata kI prazaMsA ke dasa sthAna hote haiM : 1. yadi prANI pUrva-vihita karmoM ke anusAra hI sukha-dukha bhogate haiM, to tathAgata vigata meM avazya hI puNya-karma karane vAle haiM, jo vartamAna meM Asrava-vihIna sukha-vedanA kA anubhava karate haiN| 2. yadi prANI IzvarAdhIna ho sukha-dukha bhogate haiM, to tathAgata avazya hI acche Izvara dvArA nirmita haiM, jo vartamAna meM Asrava-vihIna sukha-vedanA kA anubhava karate haiM / 3. yadi prANI saMgati ke anusAra sukha-dukha bhogatA hai, to tathAgata avazya hI uttama saMgati vAle haiM, jo vartamAna meM Asrava-vihIna sukha-vedanA kA anubhava karate haiN| 2010_05.

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 padi prANI abhijAti ke anusAra sukha-dukha bhogate haiM, to tathAgata avazya hI uttama abhijAti vAle haiM, jo vartamAna meM Anava-vihIna sukha-vedanA kA anubhava karate haiN| 5. yadi prANI isI janma ke upakrama-vizeSa se sukha-dukha bhogate haiM, to tathAgata avazya hI sundara upakrama vAle haiM, jo vartamAna meM Asrava-vihIna sukha-vedanA kA anubhava karate haiN| 6. yadi prANI pUrvakRta karmoM ke anusAra sukha-dukha anubhava karate haiM, to tathAgata prazaMsanIya haiM; yadi pUrvakRta karmoM ke anusAra sukha-duHkha kA anubhava nahIM karate, to bhI tathAgRta prazaMsanIya haiN| 7. yadi prANI Izvara-nirmiti se sukha-dukha anubhava karate haiM yA nahIM karate, to bhI tathAgata prazaMsanIya haiN| 8. yadi prANI saMgati ke kAraNa sukha-dukha kI anubhUti karate haiM yA nahIM karate, to bhI tathAgata prazaMsanIya haiN| .. . yadi prANI abhijAti ke kAraNa sukha-dukha kI anubhUti karate haiM yA nahIM karate, to bhI tathAgata prazaMsanIya haiN| 10. yadi prANI isI janma ke kAraNa sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti karate haiM yA nahIM karate, to bhI tathAgata prazaMsanIya haiN|" bhikSuoM ne santuSTa ho bhagavAn ke bhASaNa kA abhinandana kiyaa| -majjhima nikAya, devadaha suttanta, 3-1-1 ke AdhAra se samIkSA ukta prakaraNa meM sarvajJatA aura kaThora tapazcaryA kA varNana to lagabhaga vaisA hI hai, jaisA culadukkhakkhandhaka sutanta meM kiyA gayA hai| isa prasaMga kI navIna carcA vedanIya avedanIyakarma kI hai| sabhI praznoM kA uttara nigaMThoM se niSedha kI bhASA meM dilAyA gayA hai| vastusthiti yaha hai ki jaina-karmavAda meM nikAcita karmAvasthA kI apekSA se to ukta niSedha yathArtha mAne jA sakate haiM, kintu, anya udvartana, apavartana, udIraNA, saMkramaNa Adi karmAvasthAoM kI apekSAoM se adhikAMza niSedha ayathArtha pramANita hote haiN|' 5. nirgranthoM kA tapa eka samaya bhagavAn buddha zAkya deza meM kapilavastu ke nyagrodhArAma meM vihAra karate the| mahAnAma zAkya bhagavAn ke pAsa AyA aura abhivAdana kara eka ora baiTha gyaa| bhagavAn ne use sambodhita karate hue kahA-..."mahAnAma ! eka bAra maiM rAjagRha ke gRghakUTa parvata para vihAra kara rahA thaa| usa samaya bahuta sAre nigaMTha (jaina sAdhu) R Si-giri kI kAla 1. isI prakaraNa kA pAMcavA prasaMga / 2. karmAvasthA ke bheda-prabheda ke lie dekheM-ThANAMga sutta, ThA0 4 / ___ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta zilA para khar3e rahane kA hI vrata le, Asana chor3a upakrama karate the| ve duHkhada, kaTu va tIvra vedanA jhela rahe the|' maiM sandhyAkAlIna dhyAna samApta kara eka dina unake pAsa gyaa| maiMne unase kahA-'Avuso! nigaMTho tuma khar3e kyoM ho? Asana chor3akara duHkhada, kaTu va tIvra vedanA kyoM jhela rahe ho ? nigaMThoM ne mujhe tatkAla uttara diyA-'Avusa ! nigaMTha nAtaputta sarvajJa sarvadarzI haiM / ve aparizeSa jJAna-darzana ko jAnate haiN| calate, khar3e rahate, sote, jAgate; sarvadA unheM jJAna-darzana upasthita rahatA hai| ve hameM preraNA dete haiM : 'nigaMTho ! pUrvakRta karmoM ko isa kar3avI duSkara kriyA (tapasyA) se samApta kro| vartamAna meM tuma kAya, vacana va mana se saMvRta ho; ataH yaha anuSThAna tumhAre bhAvI, tApa-karmoM kA akAraka hai| isa prakAra pUrvakRta karmoM kA tapasyA se anta ho jAne para aura navIna karmoM ke anAgamana se tumhArA citta bhaviSya meM anAsrava hogA; Asrava na hone se karma-kSaya hogA, karma-kSaya se dukha-kSaya, dukha-kSaya se vedanA kSaya aura vedanA-kSaya se sabhI dukha naSTa ho jaayeNge|' hameM yaha vicAra rucikara pratIta hotA hai| ataH hama isa kriyA se santuSTa haiN|' "mahAnAma ! maiMne unase kaI prazna pUche-'kyA tuma jAnate ho, hama pahale the hI yA nahIM the ? hamane pUrva samaya meM pApa karma kiye hI haiM yA nahIM kiye haiM ? kyA tuma yaha bhI jAnate ho, amuka-amuka pApa-karma kiye haiM ? kyA tuma yaha bhI jAnate ho, itanA duHkha nAza ho gayA hai, itanA duHkha nAza karanA hai aura isa duHkha nAza hone para saba dukhoM kA nAza ho jAyegA ? kyA tuma yaha bhI jAnate ho, isI janma meM akuzala dharmoM kA prahANa aura kuzala dharmoM kA lAbha hogA?' unhoMne mujhe nakArAtmaka uttara diyA aura isa viSaya meM apanI sarvathA anabhijJatA vyakta kii| maiMne unase kahA-'ataeva loka meM jo rudra, raktapANi, krUrakarmA aura nikRSTa jAti vAle manuSya haiM, ve hI nigaMThoM meM pravajita hote haiN|' "nigaMThoM ne mere kathana ke prativAda meM kahA-'Avusa ! gautama ! sukha-se-sukha prApya nahIM hai; duHkha se sukha prApya hai / yadi sukha se sukha prApya hotA, to rAjA mAgadha zreNika bimbisAra adhika sukha prApta karatA / rAjA mAgadha AyuSyamAna se bahuta sukha-vihArI haiN|' ___"maiMne unase kahA-'AyuSyamAna nigaMThoM ne avazya binA kucha soce hI zIghratA meM bAta kaha dii| Apa logoM ko to mujhe hI pahale-pahala yaha prazna pUchanA cAhie thaa|' nigaMThoM ne apanI galatI svIkAra kI aura kahA-'hamane avazya hI zIghratA meM yaha bAta kaha ddaalii| ise jAne diijie| hama aba AyuSyamAn gautama se pUchate haiM, donoM meM adhika sukha-vihArI kauna hai ?' * maiMne pratiprazna prastuta karate hue kahA-'nigaMTho ! eka bAta maiM tumase pUchatA huuN| jaisA tumheM upayukta lage, uttara denA / nigaMTho ! rAjA vimbisAra binA hile-Dule aura mauna rakhate hue sAta ahorAtra ekAnta sukha kA anubhava karate hue vihAra kara sakatA hai ?' 'nahIM, Avusa !' 'chaH ahorAtra / ' 'nahIM, Avusa !' 'pAMca ahorAtra, cAra ahorAtra, tIna ahorAtra, do ahorAtra aura eka ahorAtra bhI aisA anubhava kara sakatA hai ?' 'nahIM, Avusa !' ___ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa:1 'kintu nigaMTho ! maiM binA hile-Dule aura mauna rahakara eka ahorAtra, do ahorAtra, tIna ahorAtra, cAra ahorAtra, pAMca ahorAtra, chaH ahorAtra aura sAta ahorAtra taka bhI ekAnta sukha kA anubhava karatA huA vihAra kara sakatA huuN| isase tuma sahaja hI anumAna kara sakate ho ki aisA hone para rAjA bimbisAra aura mere bIca, donoM meM kona adhika sukhavihArI hai ? "nigaMThoM ne eka svara se uttara diyA- 'aisA hone para to AyuSmAn gautama adhika sukha-vihArI haiN|" bhagavAn buddha se yaha sArA udanta sunakara mahAnAma zAkya santuSTa huA aura usane bhagavAn ke bhASaNa kA abhinandana kiyaa| -majjhima nikAya, cUladukkhakkhandha suttanta, 1-2-4 ke AdhAra se samIkSA yahA~ sarvajJatA aura kaThora tapazcaryA kA jo digdarzana karAyA gayA hai, vaha jana mAnyatA se pratikUla nahIM hai / anya vitarka to sAmpradAyika paddhati ke haiM hii| 6. asibandhaka putra prAmaNI eka samaya bhagavAn gautama nAlandA meM prAvArika Amra-vana meM vihAra karate the| nigaMThoM kA ziSya asibandhaka putra grAmaNI bhagavAn ke pAsa aayaa| eka ora baiTha gyaa| bhagavAn ne usase pUchA- "grAmaNI ! nigaMTha nAtaputta apane zrAvakoM (ziSyoM) ko kyA dharmopadeza karatA hai ?" "bhante ! jo prANoM kA atipAta karatA hai, adatta grahaNa karatA hai, vyabhicAra meM Asakta hotA hai, jhUTha bolatA hai, vaha naraka meM par3atA hai| jo vyakti ina kAryoM ko jitanA adhika karatA hai, usakI vaisI hI gati hotI hai / nigaMTha nAtaputta apane zrAvakoM ko yahI dharmopadeza karatA hai|" "grAmaNI ! nigaMTha nAtaputta ke siddhAntAnusAra to koI bhI vyakti narakagAmI nahIM hogA?" "kaise bhante !" "grAmaNI ! eka vyakti raha-raha kara dina yA rAta meM prANoM kA atipAta karatA hI rahatA hai ; phira bhI tuma batalAo usakA samaya jIva-hiMsA karane meM adhika lagatA hai yA jIva. hiMsA nahIM karane meM ?" "bhante ! yaha to spaSTa hI hai / usakA adhikAMza samaya to jIva-hiMsA ke uparAma meM hI vyatIta hogaa|" "grAmaNI ! to phira 'jo-jo adhika karatA hai, usakI vaisI hI gati hotI hai'; nigaMTha nAtaputta kA yaha siddhAnta yathArtha kaise ThaharegA ?" "grAmaNI ! eka vyakti raha-raha kara dina meM yA rAta meM jhUTha bolatA hai, adatta-grahaNa karatA hai yA vyabhicAra karatA hai| phira bhI tuma batalAo usakA adhika samaya jhUTha bolane meM, ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 377 adatta-grahaNa meM yA vyabhicAra meM lagatA hai athavA jhUTha na bolane meM, adatta-grahaNa na karane meM, vyabhicAra na karane meM?" ___ "bhante ! yaha bhI spaSTa hI hai| usakA adhikAMza samaya jhUTha na bolane meM, adatta-grahaNa na karane meM aura vyabhicAra ke uparAma meM hI vyatIta hogaa|" "grAmaNI ! nigaMTha nAtaputta kA siddhAnta isa prakAra yathArthatA se dUra jAtA hai| kucha eka AcArya aisA mAnate haiM aura upadeza karate haiM - 'jo jIva-hiMsA karatA hai, jhUTha bolatA hai| vaha naraka meM jAtA hai / ' usa AcArya ke prati zrAvaka bar3e zradvAlu hote haiN|" 'zrAvaka ke mana meM cintana ubharatA hai, mere AcArya kA aisA vAda hai ki 'jo jIva hiMsA karatA hai, vaha apAya-gAmI hotA hai|' maiMne bhI prANa-hiMsA kI hai; ataH maiM bhI apAyagAmI huuN| grAmaNI ! jaba taka vaha isa siddhAnta, cintana va dRSTi kA parityAga nahIM karegA; mara kara apAya meM jaayegaa| "grAmaNI ! saMsAra meM arhat, samyak sambuddha, vidyA-caraNa-sampanna, sugati-prApta, lokavida, anuttara, puruSa-damya sAthI, devatAoM aura manuSyoM ke guru bhagavAn buddha utpanna hote haiN| ve aneka prakAra se jIva-hiMsA kI nindA karate haiM aura jIva-hiMsA se virata rahane kA upadeza dete haiN| ve aise hI aneka prakAra se jhUTha bolane, adatta-grahaNa karane va vyabhicAra kI nindA karate haiM aura jhUTha, adatta-grahaNa va vyabhicAra se virata hone kA upadeza dete haiM / unake prati zrAvaka zraddhAlu hote haiM / "vaha zrAvaka aisA socatA hai-'bhagavAn ne aneka prakAra se jIva-hiMsA se uparata rahane kA upadeza diyA hai| kyA maiMne bhI kabhI kucha jIva-hiMsA kI hai ? hA~, maiMne bhI jIva-hiMsA kI hai| vaha ucita nahIM hai, samyak nahIM hai / usI kAraNa mujhe pazcAttApa karanA hogaa| maiM usa pApa se achUtA nahIM rhuuNgaa|' isa prakAra cintana karatA huA vaha jIva-hiMsA chor3a detA hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI usase virata rahatA huA pApa se baca jAtA hai| usakA yahI cintana adatta-grahaNa, vyabhicAra va asatya-bhASaNa ke bAre meM hotA hai| ___"vaha jIva-hiMsA chor3a, usase virata rahatA hai; asatya bhASaNa chor3a, usase virata rahatA hai; paizunya chor3a, usase virata rahatA hai; kaThora vacana chor3a, usase virata rahatA hai; dveSa chor3a, usase virata rahatA hai aura mithyAdRSTi chor3a, samyak dRSTi se yukta hotA hai / "grAmaNI ! aisA yaha Arya-zrAvaka lobha-rahita, dveSa-rahita, asammUr3ha, saMprajJa, smRtimAn, maitrI-sahagata citta se eka dizA ko vyApta kara, vaise hI dUsarI dizA ko, tIsarI va cauthI dizA ko; Urdhva, adho va tiryak dizAoM ko aura saba ora se sAre loka ko vipula, apramANa, nirvaira, avyApAda, maitrI-sahamata citta se vyApta kara vihAra karatA hai| __ "koI baliSTha zaMkha-vAdaka apane alpa bala-prayoga se cAroM dizAoM ko guMjA detA hai| vaise hI maitrI cetA vimukti ke abhyAsa-kartA ke samakSa saMkIrNatA meM DAlane vAle karma Thahara nahIM paate| "isI prakAra vaha Arya zrAvaka lobha-rahita, dveSa-rahita, asammUr3ha..., karuNA sahamata citta se...,muditA sahagata citta se..., upekSA sahagata citta se samasta dizAoM ko vyApta kara vihAra karatA hai| saMkIrNatA meM DAlane vAle karma usake samakSa Thahara nahIM paate|" 2010_05

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375 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 ___ asibandhaka pUtra grAmaNI bhagavAna se bahata prabhAvita haa| usane nivedana kiyA"Azcarya, bhante ! Azcarya, bhante ! jaise auMdhe ko sIdhA kara de, Avata ko anAvRta kara de, mArga-vismRta ko mArga batA de, andhere meM tela kA dIpaka jalA de; jisase sanetra dekha sakeM; usI prakAra bhagavAn ne aneka prakAra se dharma ko prakAzita kiyaa| maiM bhagavAn kI zaraNa grahaNa karatA hU~, dharma va bhikSu-saMgha kI bho| Aja se mujhe aMjalibaddha zaraNAgata upAsaka svIkAra kreN| -saMyutta nikAya, saMkhasutta, 40-18 ke AdhAra se - samIkSA Agama-sAhitya meM asibandhaka putra grAmaNI nAma kA koI vyakti nahIM miltaa| tripiTaka-sAhitya meM bhI 'grAmaNI saMyutta' ke atirikta aura kahIM isakI carcA vizeSataH nahIM miltii| 'grAma kA aguA' isa artha meM ise 'grAmaNI' kahA gayA hai| ahiMsA, satya Adi cAra yamoM kI carcA yahA~ kI gaI hai| buddha ne inakA khaNDana kiyA hai, para, yathArtha meM vAk-cAturya se adhika vaha kucha nahIM / vastutaH to buddha svayaM ahiMsA, satya Adi ko isI prakaraNa meM upAdeya batalAte haiM / paMcazIla meM bhI cAra zIla caturyAma dharma rUpa hI to hai|' prastuta prakaraNa meM maitrI, karuNA Adi cAra bhAvanAoM kA sammullekha huA hai, jo pAtaJjala yogadarzana tathA jaina-paramparA meM bhI abhihita haiN| 7. nAlandA meM dubhikSa bhagavAna buddha eka bAra kauzala meM cArikA karate hue bRhad bhikSu-saMgha ke sAtha nAlandA Aye aura prAvArika Amravana meM tthhre| nAlandA meM una dinoM bhArI durbhikSa thaa| AjapAla meM janatA ke prANa nikala rahe the| janatA sUkhakara zalAkA bana gaI thI, mRta manuSyoM kI ujalI har3iyA~ yatra-tatra bikharI huI thiiN| nigaMTha nAtaputta nigaMThoM kI bRhad pariSada ke sAtha usa samaya vahIM vAsa karate the| asibandhaka putra grAmaNI nigaMTha nAtaputta kA zrAvaka thaa| vaha apane zAstA ke pAsa gayA aura abhivAdana kara eka ora baiTha gyaa| nigaMTha nAtaputta ne usase kahA- "grAmaNI ! tU zramaNa gautama ke sAtha zAstrArtha kr| isase dUra-dUra taka terA suyaza phailegaa| janatA kahegI, asibandhaka putra grAmaNI itane bar3e RddhimAn tejasvI zramaNa gautama ke sAtha zAstrArtha kara rahA hai|" 1. "yo pANaM nAtipAteti musAvAdaM na bhAsati, loke adinnaM nAdiyati paradAraM na gacchati, surAmerayapAnaM ca yo naro na nupuJati, pahAya paJca verAni sIlavA iti vuccati / / ' -aMguttara nikAya, paMcakanipAta, 5 / 16 / 178 2. samAdhipAda, 1 / 33 / 3. zAntasudhArasa bhAvanA, 13 se 16 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 376 ___ "bhante ! itane bar3e RddhimAn tejasvI zramaNa gautama ke sAtha maiM zAstrArtha kaise karUgA?" "grAmaNI ! zramaNa gautama ke pAsa jA aura usase pUcha-'bhante ! bhagavAn to aneka prakAra se kuloM ke udaya, anurakSA aura anukampA kA varNana karate haiM ?' zramaNa gautama isa prazna kA yadi svIkArAtmaka uttara de to tU use punaH pUchanA- 'bhante ! dubhikSa ke isa vikATha samaya meM bhI Apa itane bar3e bhikSu-saMgha ke sAtha yahA~ cArikA kara rahe hai, to kyA Apa kulle ke nAza va unake ahita ke lie tule hue haiM ?' isa prakAra pUchane para zramaNa gautama na ugala sakegA aura na nigala skegaa|" asibandhaka putra grAmaNI nigaMTha nAtaputta ko abhivAdana va pradakSiNA kara calA aura gautama buddha ke pAsa AyA 1 abhivAdana kara eka ora baiTha gyaa| grAmaNI ne bhagavAn se ukta prazna kiyA aura kahA-"kyA Apa isa prakAra kuloM ke nAza va unake ahita ke lie tule hue haiM ?" bhagavAn ne uttara diyA- "grAmaNI ! Aja se ekAnave kalpa taka kA maiM smaraNa karatA hU~, kintu eka kula ko bhI aisA nahIM pAtA, jo ghara meM pake bhojana meM se bhikSA dene ke kAraNa upahata ho gayA ho, apitu jo kula ADhaya, mahAdhana-sampanna, mahAbhoga-sampanna, svarNa-rajata sampanna, vastu-upakaraNa-sampanna va dhana-dhAnya-sampanna haiM, ve sabhI dAna, satya aura zrAmaNya ke phala se hue haiN| kuloM ke upaghAta ke to ATha hetu hote haiM : 1. rAjA dvArA kula naSTa kara diyA jAtA hai, 2. cora dvArA kula naSTa kara diyA jAtA hai, 3. agni dvArA kula naSTa kara diyA jAtA hai, 4. pAnI dvArA kala naSTa kara diyA jAtA hai. 5. gar3e dhana kA apane sthAna se calA jAnA, 6. acche taura se na kI huI khetI naSTa ho jAtI hai, 7. kula-aMgAra paidA ho jAne se, jo sampatti ko phUMka detA hai, caupaTa kara detA hai, vidhvaMsa kara detA hai aura 8. sabhI padArthoM kI anitytaa| "grAmaNI ! ye ATha hetu kuloM ke upaghAta ke lie haiN| inake hote hue bhI jo mujhe yaha kahe- 'bhagavAn kuloM ke satAne va unake upaghAta ke lie tule hue haiM, vaha isa bAta ko binA chor3e, isa vicAra ko binA chor3e, isa dhAraNA kA binA parityAga kiye, marate hI naraka meM jaayegaa|" asibandhaka putra grAmaNI bhagavAn ke isa kathana se bahuta prabhAvita huaa| sahasA usake mukha se udAna nikalA-"Azvarya, bhante ! Azcarya, bhante ! ... Aja se mujhe aJjalibaddha zaraNAgata upAsaka svIkAra kreN|" -saMyutta nikAya, kulasutta, 40-1-6 ke AdhAra se ____ 2010_05

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380 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 samIkSA Agama sAhitya meM nAlandA kI dubhikSa-sthiti kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| prastuta prakaraNa se itanA to spaSTa hotA hI hai ki mahAvIra aura buddha eka hI kAla meM apanI-apanI bhikSu-pariSad sahita nAlandA meM the| yahA~ yaha AzaMkA bhI hotI hai ki jaba prAmINa buddha kA zaraNAgata upAsaka ho gayA thA, to punaH vaha kaise nigaNTha nAtaputta kA zrAvaka batAyA gayA hai| 8. citra gRhapati nigaMTha nAtaputta apanI bRhat pariSad ke sAtha usa samaya macchikAsaNDa meM Thahare hue the| gahapati citra ne jaba yaha sunA to kucha upAsakoM ke sAtha vaha unake pAsa AyA aura kuzala kSema pUchakara eka ora baiTha gyaa| gRhapati citra se nigaMTha nAtaputta ne pUchA-"gRhapati ! kyA tujhe yaha vizvAsa hai ki zramaNa gautama bhI avitarka-avicAra samAdhi lagAtA hai? kyA usake vitarka aura vicAra kA nirodha hotA hai ?" ___"bhante ! maiM zraddhA se aisA nahIM mAnatA hU~ ki bhagavAn ko avitarka-avicAra samAdhi lagatI hai|......" nigaMTha nAtaputta ne apanI pariSad kI ora dekhakara kahA-"dekho, gRhapati citra kitanA sarala, satyavAdI aura niSkapaTa hai| vitarka aura vicAra kA nirodha kara denA mAno havA ko jAla se bajhAnA hai athavA kevala muSTi se gaMgA ke srota ko rokanA hai|" "bhante! Apa jJAna ko bar3A samajhate haiM yA zraddhA ko ?" ! zraddhA se to jJAna hI bar3A hai|" "bhante ! jaba merI icchA hotI hai, maiM prathama dhyAna, dvitIya dhyAna, tRtIya dhyAna yA caturtha dhyAna meM vihAra karatA hU~; ataH maiM svayaM hI jAna letA hU~ aura dekha letA haiN| kisI zramaNa yA brAhmaNa kI zraddhA se mujhe jAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii|" nigaMTha nAtaputta ne apanI pariSad kI ora dekhakara kahA-"gRhapati citra kitanA vakra, zaTha va dhUrta hai|" gRhapati citra ne nigaMTha nAtaputta ko kIlate hue kahA-"mante ! abhI-abhI Apane kahA thA-'gRhapati citra sarala, satyavAdI aura niSkapaTa hai' aura abhI-abhI Apa kaha rahe haiM-'gRhapati citra vakra, zaTha va dhUrta hai|' yadi ApakA pahalA kathana satya hai, to dUsarA kathana mithyA hai aura yadi dUsarA kathana satya hai, to pahalA kathana mithyA hai|" ti citra ne apanI vArtA ke sandarbha meM Age aura kahA-"bhante ! dharma ke dasa prazna Ate haiN| jaba Apako inakA uttara jJAta ho, to Apa mujhe aura apanI pariSada ko avazya btaayeN| ve prazna haiM: 1. jisakA prazna eka kA ho, jisakA uttara bhI eka kA ho, 2. jisakA prazna do kA ho, jisakA uttara bhI do kA ho, 3. jisakA prazna tIna kA ho, jisakA uttara bhI tIna kA ho, 4. jisakA prazna cAra kA ho, jisakA uttara bhI cAra kA ho, 5. jisakA prazna pA~ca kA ho, jisakA uttara bhI pA~ca kA ho, 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 381 6. jisakA prazna chaH kA ho, jisakA uttara bhI chaH kA ho, 7. jisakA prazna sAta kA ho, jisakA uttara bhI sAta kA ho, 8. jisakA prazna ATha kA ho, jisakA uttara bhI ATha kA ho, 6. jisakA prazna nau kA ho, jisakA uttara bhI nau kA ho; aura 10. jisakA prazna dasa kA ho, jisakA uttara bhI dasa kA ho|" gRhapati citra ne nigaMTha nAtaputra ke samakSa prazna upasthita kiyA aura uThakara calA gyaa| -saMyutta nikAya, nigaMTha sutta, 36-8 ke AdhAra se samIkSA avitarka-avicAra samAdhi kA ullekha zukla dhyAna ke dvitIya caraNa ke rUpa meM jaina darzana meM bhI AtA hai| citra gRhapati macchikAsaNDa grAma kA nivAsI va koSAdhyakSa thaa| dharma-kathA meM vaha bahuta kuzala thaa| isane mahaka, kAmabhU, godatta, acela kAzyapa Adi aneka logoM se carcA kI thii| buddha ne use dharma-kathikoM meM agragaNya khaa| 6. kutUhalazAlA sutta ___ vatsa gotra parivrAjaka bhagavAn buddha ke pAsa AyA aura kuzala-kSema pUcha kara eka ora baiTha gyaa| bhagavAn se bolA-"gautama ! bahuta samaya pUrva kI bAta hai| eka dina kutUhalazAlA meM ekatrita vibhinna matAvalambI zramaNa, brAhmaNa aura parivrAjakoM ke bIca carcA calI--'pUraNa kAzyapa saMghI, gaNI, gaNAcArya, prasiddha, yazasvI, tIrthaMkara aura bahujana-sammAnita haiN| ve apane mRta zrAvakoM ke bAre meM sahI-sahI batA dete haiM ki amuka vahA~ utpanna huA hai aura amuka vahA~ / unakA jo uttama puruSa, parama puruSa, parama-prApti-prApta zrAvaka hai, vaha bhI mata zrAvakoM ke bAre meM sahI-sahI batA detA hai ki amuka yahA~ utpanna huA hai aura amuka yhaaN|' makkhali gozAla, nigaMTha nAtaputta, saMjaya velaThThiputra, prakrudha kAtyAyana aura ajita kezakambala bhI saMghI, gaNI, gaNAcArya, prasiddha, yazasvI, tIrthaGkara aura bahujana-sammAnita haiN| ve sabhI mRta zrAvakoM ke bAre meM isa prazna kA sahI-sahI uttara dete haiN| unakA parama-prAptiprApta zrAvaka bhI isa prazna kA sahI uttara de sakatA hai| mante ! Apake bAre meM bhI vahA~ carcA calI-'zramaNa gautama bhI saMghI, gaNI, bahujana-sammAnita haiM aura mRta zrAvakoM ke bAre meM sahI-sahI uttara dete haiN| unake parama-prApti-prApta zrAvaka bhI isa prazna ko sahaja hI samAhita kara dete haiN| isake sAtha buddha yaha bhI batA dete haiM--'amuka ne tRSNA kA uccheda kara DAlA hai, 1. jaina siddhAnta dIpikA, 134 / 2. Dictionary of Pali proper Names, vol. I, p. 865. 3. saMyutta nikAya, zalAyatanavagga, cittsNyutt|| 4. aMguttara nikAya, etadaggavagga sutta, dekheM, pramukha 'upAsaka-upAsikAeM' prkrnn| 5. vaha gRha, jahA~ nAnA matAvalambI ekatra hokara dharma-carcA karate haiM aura jise sabhI upasthita manuSya kutUhalapUrvaka sunate haiN| ____ 2010_05

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382 Agama aura tripiTaka eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 bandhana mukta ho gayA hai va mAna ko acchI taraha jAna kara duHkha kA anta kara diyA hai / ' taba mujhe Apake dharma ko jAnane kI vicikitsA va utsukatA huii|" gautama buddha ne kahA - " vatsa ! vicikitsA svAbhAvika hI thI / jo vartamAna meM upAdAna se yukta hai, maiM usI kI utpatti ke bAre meM batalAtA hU~ / jo upAdAna se mukta ho gayA hai, usakI utpatti ke viSaya meM nahIM / upAdAna ke sadbhAva meM hI jaise agni jalatI hai, abhAva meM nahIM, vaise hI maiM upAdAna se yukta kI utpatti ke bAre meM hI batalAtA hU~, upAdAna se mukta ke viSaya meM nahIM / " Ru " gautama ! jisa samaya agni kI lapaTa ur3a kara dUra calI jAtI hai, usa samaya usakA upAdAna Apa kyA batalAte haiM ?" "vatsa ! havA hI usakA upAdAna hai / " "gautama ! isa zarIra tyAga aura dUsare zarIra grahaNa ke bIca sattva kA upAdAna kyA hotA hai ?" vatsa ! tRSNA hI usakA upAdAna hai / " - saMyukta nikAya, kutUhalazAlA sutta, 42-6 ke AdhAra se / samIkSA jaina dhAraNA ke anusAra mRta kI gati kA jAna lenA bahuta sAdhAraNa bAta hai| mahAvIra to kaivalya-sampanna the / mRta kI gati to avadhijJAna se bhI jAnI jA sakatI hai / 10. amaya licchavI eka samaya AyuSmAn Ananda vaMzAlI ke mahAvana meM kUTAgArazAlA meM vihAra karate the| usa samaya abhaya licchavI va paNDitakumAra licchavI ne AyuSmAn Ananda se kahA"bhante ! niganTha nAtaputta kA kahanA hai ki ve sarvajJa haiM, sarvadarzI haiM aura unheM asIma jJAnadarzana prApta hai| unakA kahanA hai-- mujhe calate, khar3e rahate, sote, jAgate, satata jJAna-darzana upasthita rahatA hai| unakA kahanA hai-tapasyA se prAcIna karmoM kA nAza hotA hai aura karmoM ke akaraNa se navIna karmoM kA ghAta hotA hai / isa prakAra karma-kSaya se duHkha-kSaya, duHkhakSaya se vedanA kSaya, vedanA-kSaya se samasta duHkhoM kI nirjarA hogii| isa prakAra sAMdRSTika nirjarA - vizuddhi se duHkha kA atikramaNa hotA hai / bhante ! bhagavAn isa viSaya meM kyA kahate haiM ?" AyuSmAn Ananda ne uttara diyA- "una bhagavAn, jJAnI, darzI, arhat, samyaksambaddha ke dvArA zoka va rone-pITane ke atikramaNa ke lie, duHkha daurmanasya ke nAza ke lie, jJAna kI prApti ke lie tathA nirvANa ke sAkSAtkAra ke lie tIna nirjarA vizuddhiyA~ samyak prakAra kahI gaI haiM / " "bhante ! ve tIna kauna sI haiM ?" "abhaya ! bhikSu sadAcArI, prAtimokSa ke niyamoM kA pAlana karane vAlA, AcAragocara se yukta, aNu-mAtra doSa se bhI bhIta hone vAlA aura zikSApadoM ke niyamoM kA pAlana 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputa 383 karane vAlA hotA hai / yaha nayA karma nahIM karatA aura prAcIna karma ke phala ko bhoga kara samApta kara detA hai / yaha sAMdRSTika nirjarA hai aura deza-kAla kI sImAoM se rahita hai / isake lie kaha sakate haiM, Ao, svayaM parIkSA kro| yaha svayaM nirvANa kI ora le jAne vAlI hai / pratyeka vijJa puruSa isakA sAkSAt kara sakatA hai / "abhaya ! isa prakAra vaha zIla-sampanna bhikSu kAma-bhogoM se dUra ho, sukha va duHkha ke parityAga se saumanasya va daurmanasya ke pUrva hI asta ho jAne se, sukha-duHkha-rahita caturtha dhyAna ko prApta kara vihAra karatA hai| vaha nayA karma nahIM karatA aura prAcIna karma ke phala ko bhoga kara samApta kara detA hai| yaha sAMdRSTi nirjarA hai aura deza-kAla kI sImAoM se rahita hai |......prtyek vijJa puruSa isakA sAkSAt kara sakatA hai / "abhaya ! isa prakAra vaha zIla-sampanna bhikSu zIla-sampanna, samAdhi sampanna tathA prajJA sampanna hokara AsravoM kA kSaya kara anAsrava citta-vimukti va prajJA-vimukti ko isI zarIra meM jAna kara, sAkSAtkAra kara aura prApta kara vihAra karatA hai| vaha navIna karma nahIM karatA aura prAcIna karma ke phala ko bhoga kara samApta kara detA hai / yaha sAMdRSTika nirjarA hai aura deza kAla kI sImAoM se rahita hai / pratyeka vijJa puruSa isakA sAkSAt kara sakatA hai| "abhaya ! una bhagavAn, jJAnI, darzI, arhat, samyak sambuddha ke dvArA zoka tathA ronepITane ke atikramaNa ke lie, duHkha - daurmanasya ke nAza ke lie, jJAna kI prApti ke lie tathA nirvANa ke sAkSAtkAra ke lie ye tIna nirjarA-vizuddhiyA~ samyak prakAra kahI gaI haiM / " paNDitakumAra licchavI ne abhaya licchavI se pUchA - "saumya ! abhaya ! AyuSmAn Ananda ke subhASita kA subhASita ke rUpa meM anumodana kyoM nahIM karatA ?" "saumya ! maiM isase pare nahIM hU~ / jo vyakti AyuSmAn Ananda ke subhASita kA anumodana nahIM karegA, usakA sira bhI gira sakatA hai|" - aMguttara nikAya, tikanipAta 74, (hindI anuvAda) pR0 227-28 ke AdhAra se / samIkSA abhaya licchavI kA ullekha prastuta prakaraNa ke atirikta sAlha sutta' meM bhI AtA hai / vahA~ bhI vaha sAlha licchavI ke sAtha buddha se carcA karane ke lie prastuta hotA hai / yahA~ yaha svayaM prazna karatA hai, vahA~ usakA sahavartI sAlha licchavI / aMguttara nikAya ke aMgrejI anuvAda meM DaoN0 vuDavArDa ne abhaya licchavI aura abhaya rAjakumAra ko eka hI mAna liyA hai / " para vastutaH ye donoM hI vyakti pRthak-pRthak haiN| abhaya rAjakumAra rAjagRha kA nivAsI tathA rAjA bimbisAra kA putra hotA hai aura abhaya licchavI vaizAlI kA koI kSatriya kumAra hai / prastuta prakaraNa meM tapa-viSayaka jo carcA kI hai, vaha jaina- dhAraNA ke sarvathA anukUla hI hai / 'nirjarA' zabda kA upayoga bahuta yathArtha hai / 1. aMguttara nikAya, catukkanipAta, mahAvagga, sAlha sutta, 4 20-166 / 2. The Book of Gradual Sayings vol. I, p. 200. 2010_05

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384 11. loka sAnta-ananta do lokAyatika brAhmaNa bhagavAn ke pAsa Aye / Akara zAstA kA abhivandana kiyA aura eka ora baiTha gaye / eka ora baiThe unhoMne bhagavAn se kahA - " he gautama ! pUraNa kassapa sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, nikhila jJAna darzana kA adhikArI hai| vaha mAnatA hai ki mujhe calate, khar3e rahate, sote jAgate bhI nirantara jJAna darzana upasthita rahatA hai / vaha aisA kahatA hai-- maiM apane ananta jJAna se ananta loka ko jAnatA, dekhatA va viharatA hU~ / ' he gautama ! yaha nigaMTha nAtaputta bhI sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, nikhila jJAna-darzana kA adhikArI hai / vaha mAnatA hai - 'mujhe calate, khar3e rahate, sote, jAgate bhI nirantara jJAna darzana upasthita rahatA hai|' vaha aisA kahatA hai - " maiM apane ananta jJAna se ananta loka ko jAnatA, dekhatA, viharatA hU~ / ' ina paraspara virodhI jJAnavAdoM meM he gautama! kauna sA satya hai aura kauna sA asatya ?" bole Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana "rahane do, brAhmaNo ! 'ina paraspara virodhI jJAnavAdoM meM kauna sA satya hai aura kauna sA asatya' isa bAta ko / brAhmaNo ! maiM tumheM dharmopadeza karatA hU~, use suno, samyak prakAra se dhyAna do / " "acchA, bhagavan !" isa prakAra kaha brAhmaNoM ne use svIkAra kiyA aura bhagavan - suttapiTake, aMguttara nikAya pAli, navaka-nipAto, mahAvaggo, lokAyatika suttaM, 6-4-7 ke AdhAra se / [...] samIkSA ukta prakaraNa meM lokAyatika pUraNa kassapa aura nigaMTha nAtaputta ke loka- siddhAnta kI carcA karate haiM / usa carcA meM sAntatA aura anantatA kA matabheda bhI vyakta hotA hai ; para ukta prakaraNa meM eka maulika asaMgati yaha hai ki loka-sambandhI dhAraNA meM donoM kA matabheda bhI batAyA jAtA hai aura donoM kI dhAraNA samAna rUpa se ananta bhI batAI jAtI hai| donoM kI dhAraNAoM meM loka ananta hai, to matabheda kaisA ? isI prakaraNa ke aMgrejI anuvAda meM I0 ema0 hera pUraNa kassapa kA loka sAnta aura nigaMTha nAtaputta kA loka ananta batalAte haiM / ' anuvAdaka ne eka pAThAntara ke AdhAra para aisA kiyA hai| para, yaha bhI sahI nahIM lagatA / eka dUsarA pAThAntara jo anuvAdaka ne TippaNa meM diyA hai, usameM pUraNa kassapa ke sAtha anantaM aura nigaNTha nAtaputta ke sAtha antavantaM pATha hai / " vaha sahI lagatA hai; kyoMki mahAvIra kI loka-sambandhI dhAraNA ke vaha nitAnta anukUla baiThatA hai / mahAvIra ne loka ko sAnta aura aloka ko ananta mAnA hai / mahAvIra ne dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se loka kI pRthak-pRthak vyAkhyA kI hai / arthAt - dravya kI apekSA loka - sAnta 1. The Book of Gradual Sayings, vol. IV, pp. 287-288. R. Ibid., p, 288 fn. 3. bhagavatI sUtra, 11-10-421 / 2010_05 [ khaNDa : 1

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itihAsa aura paramparA tripiTikoM meM nigaSTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta ____385 385 kSetra kI apekSA loka-sAnta kAla kI apekSA loka-ananta bhAva kI apekSA loka--ananta / ' do lokAyatikoM kI loka-carcA kSetrika apekSA se hI pratIta hotI hai; ataH khettao loe saaMte yaha Agama-pATha aMguttara nikAya ke dUsare pAThAntara kI puSTi kara detA hai| ____ isa prazna ko buddha ne binA apanA mantavya vyakta kiye hI TAlA hai| vastusthiti yaha hai ki buddha ne ise tathA isa prakAra ke anekoM praznoM kI majjhima nikAya Adi meM 'avyAkRta' kahA hai| ve prazna haiM 1. kyA loka zAzvata hai ? 2. kyA loka azAzvata hai ? 3. kyA loka antamAna hai ? 4. kyA loka ananta hai ? 5. kyA jIva aura zarIra eka haiM ? 6. kyA jIva aura zarIra bhinna haiM ? 7. kyA marane ke bAda tathAgata nahIM hote ? 8. kyA marane ke bAda tathAgata hote bhI haiM aura nahIM bhI hote ? 6. kyA marane ke bAda tathAgata na hote haiM aura na nahIM hote haiM ? 12. vappa jaina-zrAvaka eka samaya bhagavAn zAkya janapada meM kapilavastu ke nyagrodhArAma meM vihAra karate the| usa samaya nigaNTha nAtaputta kA zrAvaka vappa jahA~ AyuSmAn mahAmaudgalyAyana the, vahA~ gyaa| 1. evaM khalu mae khaMdayA ! cauvihe loe pannate, taM jahA-davvao khettao kAlao bhAvao davvao NaM ege loe saaMte ? khettao NaM loe asaMkhejjAo joyaNakoDAkoDIo AyAmavikkhaM bheNaM asaMkhejjAo joyaNakoDAkoDIo parikkheveNaM pannattA, atthi puNa sate 2 / kAlao NaM loe na kayAvina AsI, na kayAvi na bhavati, na kayAvi na bhavissati, bhaviMsu ya bhavati ya bhavissai ya, dhuve Nitie sAsate akkhae avvae avaTTie Nicce, Natthi puNa se ante 3 / bhAvao NaM loe aNatA vaNNapajjavA gaMdhapajjavA rasapajjavA phAsapajjavA aNaMtA saMThANapajjavA aNaMtA garuyalahuyapajjavA aNaMtA agaruyalahuyapajjavA, natthi puNa se ante / / se taM khaMdagA ! davvao loe saaMte, khettao loe sate, kAlato loe aNaMte, bhAvamao loe annNte|" -bhagavatI sUtra, 2-1-60 / 2. (ka) majjhima nikAya, cUlamAlUkya sutta, 63 / (kha) dIgha nikAya, poTTapAda sutta 119 / ____ 2010_05

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386 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 pAsa pahu~ca, mahAmaudgalyAyana ko abhivAdana kara eka ora baiTha gyaa| eka ora baiThe hue nigaNTha nAtaputta ke zrAvaka vappa ko mahAmaudgalyAyana ne yaha kahA - " vappa ! eka AdamI zarIra, vANI tathA mana se saMyata ho, vaha avidyA se virakta ho aura vidyAlA bhI ho / vappa ! kyA tujhe isakI sambhAvanA dikhAI detI hai ki usa puruSa ko pUrva janma ke duHkhada AsravoM kI prApti ho ? "bhante ! maiM isakI sambhAvanA dekhatA hU~ ki AdamI ne pUrva janma meM pApa karma kiyA ho, kintu, usa pApa karma kA phala na bhugatA ho, to aisI hAlata meM usa puruSa ko pUrva janma ke duHkhada AsravoM kI prApti ho / ' AyuSmAn maudgalyAyana ke sAtha nigaNTha zrAvaka vappa zAkya kI yaha bAtacIta huI / bhagavAn usa samaya saMdhyA kAlIna dhyAna se uTha, jahA~ upasthAnazAlA thI, vahA~ pahu~ce / pahu~ca kara biche Asana para baiThe / baiThakara bhagavAn ne AyuSmAn maudgalyAyana se pUchA - "maudgalyAyana ! isa samaya baiThe kyA bAtacIta kara rahe the ? isa samaya kyA bAtacIta cAlU thI ?" "bhante ! maiMne nigaNTha zrAvaka vappa zAkya ko yaha kahA - 'vappa ! eka AdamI zarIra, vANI tathA mana se saMyata ho, vaha avidyA se virakta ho aura vidyAlA bhI ho / vappa ! kyA tujhe isakI sambhAvanA dikhAI detI hai ki usa puruSa ko pUrva janma ke AsravoM kI prApti ho ?" bhante ! aisA kahane para nigaNTha zrAvaka vappa zAkya ne mujhe aisA kahA - 'bhante ! maiM isakI sambhAvanA dekhatA hU~ ki AdamI ne pUrva janma meM pApa karma kiyA ho, kintu, usa pApa karma kA phala na bhugatA ho, to aisI hAlata meM usa puruSa ko pUrva janma ke duHkhada AsravoM kI prApti ho / ' bhante ! nigaSTha zrAvaka vappa zAkya ke sAtha merI yaha bAtacIta cala rahI thI ki bhagavAn A pahu~ce / " bhagavAn ne nigaNTha zrAvaka vappa zAkya se kahA - " vappa ! jo bAta tujhe mAnya ho, use mAnanA, jo bAta tujhe svIkAra karane yogya na jaMce, use svIkara mata karanA / yadi merI koI bAta samajha meM na Aye, to mujha se hI usakA artha pUcha lenA ki bhante ! isakA kyA artha hai ? aba hama donoM kI bAtacIta ho / " "bhante ! bhagavAn kI jo bAta mujhe mAnya hogI, use mAnUMgA, jo bAta svIkAra karane yogya na ja~cegI, use svIkAra nahIM karU~gA / yadi koI bAta merI samajha meM na AyegI to maiM bhagavAn se hI usakA artha pUcha lUMgA ki bhante ! isakA kyA artha hai ? hama donoM kI bAtacIta ho / " "vappa ! to kyA mAnate ho zArIrika kriyAoM ke pariNAma svarUpa jo duHkhada Asrava utpanna hote haiM, zArIrika kriyAoM se virata rahane se duHkhada Asrava utpanna nahIM hote ? vaha nayA karma nahIM karatA / purAne karma ko bhugata-bhugata kara kSINa kara detA hai - yaha kSINa karane vAlI kriyA sAMdRSTika nirjarA ( kSayI) hai, akAlika hai, isake bAre meM kahA jA sakatA hai, Ao aura svayaM dekha lo' (nirvANa kI ora) le jAne vAlI hai, pratyeka vijJa puruSa dvArA jAnI jA sakatI hai / vappa ! kyA tujheM isakI sambhAvanA dikhAI detI hai ki usa puruSa ko pUrvajanma ke duHkhada AsravoM kI prApti ho ?" " bhante ! nahIM / " "vappa ! to kyA mAnate ho, vANI kI kriyAoM ke pariNAma svarUpa jo duHkhada Asrava utpanna hote haiM; vANI kI kriyAoM se virata rahane se ve duHkhada Asrava utpanna nahIM hote ? 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputtaM 387 vaha nayA karma nahIM krtaa| purAne karma ko bhugata-bhugata kara kSINa kara detA hai---yaha kSINa kara dene vAlI kriyA sAMdRSTika nirjarA (=kSayI) hai, akAlika hai, isake bAre meM kahA jA sakatA hai, 'Ao aura svayaM dekha lo', (nirvANa kI ora) le jAne vAlI hai, pratyeka vijJa puruSa dvArA jAnI jA sakatI hai| vappa ! kyA tujhe isakI sambhAvanA dikhAI detI hai ki usa puruSa ko pUrva-janma ke duHkhada AsravoM kI prApti ho ?" "mante ! nhiiN|" "vappa ! to kyA mAnate ho mana kI kriyAoM ke pariNAma-svarUpa jo du:khada Asrava utpanna hote haiM ; mana kI kriyAoM se virata rahane se ve duHkhada Asrava utpanna nahIM hote ? vaha nayA kama nahIM karatA / purAne karma ko bhugata-bhugata kara kSINa kara detA hai--yaha kSINa kara dene vAlI kriyA sAMdRSTika nirjarA(--kSayI ) hai, akAlika hai, isake bAre meM kahA jA sakatA hai, 'Ao aura svayaM dekha lo', (nirvANa kI ora) le jAne vAlI hai, pratyeka vijJa puruSa dvArA jAnI jA sakatI hai| vappa ! kyA tujhe isakI sambhAvanA dikhAI detI hai ki usa puruSa ko pUrva-janma ke duHkhada AsravoM kI prApti ho ?" "bhante ! nhiiN|" "vappa ! to kyA mAnate ho avidyA ke pariNAma-svarUpa jo duHkhada Asrava utpanna hote haiM ; avidyA ke vinaSTa ho jAne se, vidyA ke utpanna ho jAne se duHkhada Asrava utpanna nahIM hote ? vaha nayA karma nahIM krtaa| purAne karma ko bhugata-bhugata kara kSINa kara detA haiyaha kSINa karane vAlI kriyA sAMdRSTika nirjarA (-kSayI) hai, akAlika hai, isake bAre meM kahA jA sakatA hai, Ao aura svayaM dekha lo', (nirvANa kI ora) le jAne vAlI hai, pratyeka vijJa puruSa dvArA jAnI jA sakatI hai / vappa ! kyA tujhe isakI sambhAvanA dikhAI detI hai ki usa puruSa ko pUrva-janma ke duHkhada AsravoM kI prApti ho ?" "bhante ! nhiiN|" "vappa ! isa prakAra jo bhikSu samyak rIti se vimukta ho gayA hai, use chaha zAntaviharaNa siddha hote haiM / vaha A~kha se rUpa dekhane para prasanna na hotA hai, na aprasanna hotA hai, vaha upekSAyukta rahatA hai, smRtimAn tathA jnyaanii| kAna se zabda suna kara.. nAka se gaMdha saMgha kara ....jihvA se rasa cakha kara''kAya se spaSTavya kA sparza karake tathA mana se dharma (mana ke viSayoM) ko jAna kara na prasanna hotA hai, na aprasanna hotA hai, vaha upekSAyukta rahatA hai, smRtimAn tathA jnyaanii| vaha jaba taka paMcendriyoM se anubhava kI jAne vAlI sukha-duHkhamaya vedanAoM kA anubhava karatA hai, taba taka vaha jAnatA hai ki maiM paMcendriyoM se anubhava kI jAne vAlI sukha-duHkhamaya vedanAoM kA anubhava kara rahA huuN| vaha jaba taka jIvanaparyanta mana se anubhava kI jAne vAlI vedanAoM kA anubhava karatA hai, taba taka yaha jAnatA hai ki maiM mana se anubhava kI jAne vAlI vedanAoM kA anubhava karatA huuN| vaha yaha bhI jAnatA hai ki zarIra ke na rahane para, jIvana kI samApti ho jAne para sabhI vedanAyeM, sabhI acchI-burI lagane vAlI anubhUtiyA~ yahIM ThaNDI par3a jaayeNgii| vappa ! jaise khambhe ke hone se usakI praticchAyA dichAI detI hai| eka AdamI kudAla aura TokarI le kara aaye| vaha usa khambhe ko jar3a se kATa de, jar3a se kATa kara use khane, use khana kara jar3eM ukhAr3a de, yahA~ taka kI khasakI jar3a paTTa patalI-patalI jar3eM bhii| phira vaha AdamI usa khambhe ke Tukar3e-Tukar3e karake unheM phAr3a DAle, phAr3a kara usake chilaTe-chilaTe kara de, chilaTe-chilaTe karake use havA-dhUpa meM sukhA DAle, havA-dhUpa meM sukhA ____ 2010_05

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388 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 kara Aga se jalA DAle, Aga se jalA kara rAkha kara de, rAkha karake yA to havA meM ur3A de athavA nadI ke zIghragAmI srota meM bahA de / isa prakAra vappa ! jo usa khambhe ke hone se praticchAyA thI, usakI jar3a jAtI rhegii| vaha kaTe vRkSa kI-sI ho jAyegI, vaha lupta ho jAyegI, vaha phira bhaviSya meM prakaTa na hogI / isI prakAra vappa ! jo bhikSu samyak rIti se vimukta citta ho gayA hai, use chaH zAnta viharaNa siddha hote haiM / vaha A~kha se rUpa dekhane para na prasanna hotA hai, na aprasanna hotA hai, vaha upekSA yukta rahatA hai, smRtimAn tathA jJAnI / kAna se zabda suna kara nAka se gaMdha sUMgha kara jihvA se rasa ca kara kAya se spRSTavya kA sparza karake tathA mana se dharma ( mana ke viSayoM) ko jAna kara na prasanna hotA hai, na aprasanna hotA hai, vaha upekSA yukta rahatA hai, smRtimAn tathA jJAnI / vaha jaba taka paMcendriyoM se anubhava kI jAne vAlI sukha-duHkhamaya vedanAoM kA anubhava karatA hai, taba taka vaha jAnatA hai ki maiM paMcendriya se anubhava kI jAne vAlI sukha-duHkhamaya vedanAoM kA anubhava kara rahA hU~ / vaha jaba taka jIvanaparyanta mana se anubhava kI jAne vAlI vedanAoM kA anubhava karatA hai, taba taka vaha jAnatA hai ki maiM mana se anubhava kI jAne vAlI vedanAoM kA anubhava kara rahA hU~ / vaha yaha bhI jAnatA hai ki zarIra ke na rahane para jIvana kI samApti ho jAne para, sabhI vedanAe~, sabhI acchI-burI lagane vAlI anubhUtiyA~ yahIM ThaNDI par3a jAyeMgI / " aisA kahane para niTha zrAvaka vappa zAkya ne bhagavAn se yaha kahA - "bhante ! jaise koI AdamI ho vaha apane dhana kI vRddhi cAhatA ho, vaha bacheroM kA pAlana-poSaNa kare / usake dhana kI vRddhi to na ho, balki vaha kleza tathA hairAnI ko hI prApta ho| isI prakAra bhante ! maiM abhivRddhi kI kAmanA se mUrkha nigaMThoM kI saMgati kii| merI abhivRddhi to nahIM huI, pratyuta maiM kleza aura hairAnI kA bhAgIdAra ho gayA / isalie bhante ! Aja ke bAda se nigaMThoM ke prati merI jo bhI zraddhA rahI, use maiM yA to havA meM ur3A detA hU~ athavA tIvragAmI nadI ke vega meM bahA detA hU~ / bhante ! bahuta sundara hai bhante ! bhagavAn mere prANa rahane taka mujhe apanA upAsaka svIkAra kreN|" * - suttapiTake, aMguttara nikAya pAli, catukka nipAta, mahAvaggo, vappasRtta, 4.20-5 ( hindI anuvAda) pR0 188-162 ke AdhAra se / samIkSA vappa zAkya rAjA thA aura svayaM buddha kA cUlapitA ( pitRvya ) thaa| hAlAMki jaina paramparA meM isa sambandha se koI ullekha nahIM hai / ullekhanIya bAta yaha hai ki buddha ne jo kucha vappa ko samajhAyA hai, lagabhaga vaha sava nirgrantha dharmagata hI hai / Asrava, nirjarA Adi zabdoM ke prayoga bhI jyoM ke tyoM hue haiN| zrImatI rAIsa DeviDsa ne paMcavargIya vappa aura isa zAkya vappa ke eka hone kI sambhAvanA vyakta kI hai; para yaha nitAnta asaMbhava hai| donoM vappa kapilavastu ke the, para, 1. aMguttara nikAya aTukathA, khaNDa 2, pR0 556 / R. It is quite in the range of possibility that the Vappa in Sutta 195 is one of those five friends in whom the Sakyamuni sought fellow helpers. - The Book of Gradual Sayings, vol. II, introduction, p. XIII. 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 386 eka vaziSTha gotrI brAhmaNa thA aura dUsarA zAkyavaMzIya ksstriy| paMcavargIya vappa buddha se bahuta pUrva dIkSita ho cukA thaa| buddha ke bodhi-lAma ke pazcAt apane sAthiyoM-sahita vaha arhata-pada ko prApta huaa| buddha ke pitRvya kA nirgrantha-dharma meM honA mahAvIra kI jyeSThatA aura nirgrantha-dharma kI vyApakatA kA bhI paricAyaka hai / buddha ke vicAroM meM nirgrantha-dharma kA yatkicit prabhAva Ane kA bhI yaha eka nimitta ho sakatA hai| 13. sakula udAyI eka samaya bhagavAn buddha rAja gRha ke kalandaka nivApa meM vihAra karate the| sakula udAyI parivrAjaka bhI apanI mahatI pariSad ke sAtha parivrAjikArAma meM vAsa karatA thaa| pUrvAhna samaya bhagavAn sakula udAyI ke pAsa gye| udAyI ne unakA hArdika svAgata kiyA aura baiThane ke lie Asana kI prArthanA kii| bhagavAn eka ora baiTha gye| udAyI bhI eka nIcA Asana lekara baiTha gyaa| bhagavAn ne pUchA- "udAyI ! kyA kathA cala rahI thI ?" "bhante ! isa kathA-carcA ko jAne diijie| jaba maiM isa pariSad ke pAsa nahIM hotA hU~; yaha pariSad aneka prakAra kI vyartha kathAe~ karatI rahatI haiN| jaba maiM isa pariSad ke bIca hotA hU~ yaha merI ora hI TakaTakI bA~dhe rahatI hai aura jo kucha maiM kahatA hU~, tanmaya hokara use sunatI hai| bhagavAn jaba isa pariSad ke bIca hote haiM, to hama sabhI bhagavAna kI ora hI TakaTakI bA~dhe rahate haiM aura bhagavAn ke dharmopadeza ko sunane ke lie samutsuka rahate haiN|" "udAyI! Aja tU hI kucha sunaa|" "bhante ! pichale dinoM merI eka zAstA se bheMTa huI, jo apane ko sarvajJa, sarvadarzI va nikhila jJAna-darzana kA adhikArI mAnate haiN| ve yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki mujhe calate, khaDe rahate. sote, jAgate bhI nirantara jJAna-darzana upasthita rahatA hai| mere dvArA Arambha ke viSaya meM prazna pUche jAne para ve idhara-udhara jAne lage aura bAhara kI kathAoM dvArA mujhe vilamAne lge| unhoMne kopa, dveSa aura avizvAsa vyakta kiyaa| mujhe usa samaya bhagavAn ke prati hI prIti utpanna huii| mujhe yaha sunizcita anubhUti huI ki bhagavAn sugata haiM, jo ina dharmoM meM kuzala "udAyI ! vaha sarvajJa, sarvadarzI kauna hai ?" "bhante ! nigaMTha naatputt|" "udAyI ! jo aneka pUrva janmoM kA jJAtA hai, vaha mujhe pUrvAnta (Arambha) ke viSaya meM prazna pUche aura usase maiM prazna pUchU / uttara dekara vaha mujhe santarpita kare aura meM use santarpita kruuN| jo divya cakSu se sattvoM ko cyuta hote va utpanna hote dekhatA hai, vaha mujhe dUsare chorA (apara-anta) ke bAre meM prazna pUche / maiM bhI usase dUsare chora ke bAre meM prazna puuchN| vaha mujhe uttara dekara santarpita kare aura maiM use santarpita kruuN| udAyI ! pUrva aura apara-anta kA prasaMga jAne do| maiM tujhe dharma batalA dUM-aisA hone para yaha hotA hai ; isake utpanna hone se 1. vinaya piTaka, mahAvagga, mahAkhandhaka / dekheM, bhikSu saMgha aura usakA vistAra prakaraNa ke antargata paMcavargIya bhikSu / 2010_05

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360 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 yaha hotA hai| isake na hone para yaha nahIM hotA, isake nirodha hone para yaha niruddha hotA hai / " -majjhimanikAya, khUlasukuladAyi suttanta, 2-3-9 ke AdhAra se | hai / samIkSA isa prakaraNa meM 'karma - carcA' prakaraNa kI taraha sarvajJatA kI hI kucha prakAra bheda se carcA ghaTanA-prasaMga 14. nirvANa - saMvAda - 1 eka bAra bhagavAn zAkya deza meM sAmagAma meM vihAra karate the / nigaMTha nAtaputta kI kucha samaya pUrva hI pAvA meM mRtyu huI thii| unakI mRtyu ke anantara hI nigaMThoM meM phUTa ho gaI, do pakSa ho gaye, lar3AI cala rahI thI aura kalaha ho rahA thA / nigaMTha eka-dUsare ko vacana - vANoM se baghate vivAda kara rahe the. hue 'tU isa dharma - vinaya ko nahIM jAnatA, maiM isa dharma - vinaya ko jAnatA hU~' / 'tU malA isa dharma-vinaya ko kyA jAnegA ? tU mithyArUr3ha hai, maiM satyArUr3ha hU~" / merA kathana sArthaka hai, terA kathana nirarthaka hai' / 'pUrva kathanIya bAta tUne pIche kahI aura pazcAt kathanIya bAta pahale kahI' / 'terA vAda binA vicAra kA ulTA hai' / 'tU ne vAda Arambha kiyA, kintu, nigRhIta ho gyaa'| 'isa vAda se bacane ke lie idhara-udhara bhaTaka' / 'yadi isa vAda ko sameTa sakatA hai, to sameTa' / nAtaputtIya nigaNThoM meM mAno yuddha hI ho rahA thA / nigaNTha nAtaputta ke zveta vastradhArI gRhastha ziSya bhI nAtaputtIya nigaNThoM meM vaise hI virakta-citta ho rahe the, jaise ki ve nAtaputta ke durAkhyAta, duSpravedita, anairyANika, an-upazama saMvartanika, a-samyak sambaddha- pravedita, pratiSThA-rahita, bhinna stUpa, Azraya-rahita dharma - vinaya meM the / cunda samaNuddesa pAvA meM varSAvAsa samApta kara sAmagAma meM AyuSmAn Ananda ke pAsa Aye aura unheM nigaNTha nAtaputta kI mRtyu tathA nigaNThoM meM ho rahe vigraha kI vistRta sUcanA dI | AyuSmAn Ananda bole - "Avusa cunda ! bhagavAn ke darzana ke lie yaha kathA bheMTa rUpa hai / Ao, hama bhagavAn ke pAsa caleM aura unheM nivedita kreN|" AyuSmAn Ananda aura cunda samaNuddesa bhagavAn ke pAsa Aye / abhivAdana kara eka ora baiTha ge| AyuSmAna Ananda ne cunda samaNuddesa dvArA sunAyA gayA sArA ghaTanA vRtta bhagavAn buddha ko sunAyA / 1 - majjhimanikAya, sAmagAma suttanta, 3-1-4 ke AdhAra se / 1. vizeSa samIkSA ke lie dekheM, 'kAla-nirNaya' prakaraNa ke antargata 'mahAvIra - nirvANaprasaMga' ( pR0 80-82 ) / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] 15. nirvANa - saMvAda - 2 bhagavAn buddha zAkya deza meM vedhaJJA nAmaka zAkyoM ke Amra-vana- prasAda meM bihAra kara rahe the / nigaNTha nAtaputta kI kucha hI samaya pUrva pAvA meM mRtyu huI thii| unakI mRtyu ke anantara hI nigaNThoM meM phUTa ho gaI, do pakSa ho gae, lar3AI cala rahI thI aura kalaha ho rahA thA / nigaNTha eka-dUsare ko vacana vANoM se bIMdhate hue vivAda kara rahe the - 'tuma isa dharma - vinaya ko nahIM jAnate, maiM isa dharma - vinaya ko jAnatA hU~ / tuma bhalA isa dharma-vinaya ko kyA jAnoge ? tuma mithyA pratipanna ho, maiM samyak pratipanna huuN| merA kahanA sArthaka hai, tumhArA kahanA nirarthaka hai / jo bAta pahale kahanI cAhie thI, vaha tumane pIche kahI ; jo pIche kahanI thI, vaha tumane pahale kahI / tumhArA vivAda binA vicAra kA ulTA hai / tumane vAda ropA hai, tuma nigrahasthAna meM A ge| tuma isa AkSepa se bacane ke lie yatna karo, yadi zakti hai to ise suljhaao|' mAno nigaNThoM meM yuddha ho rahA thA / nigaNTha nAtaputta ke zveta vastradhArI gRhastha ziSya bhI nAtaputtIya nigaNThoM meM vaise hI virakta-citta ho rahe the, jaise nAtaputta ke durAkhyAta, duSpravedita, anairyANika, an upazamasaMvartanika, a- samyak sambuddha pravedita, pratiSThA rahita, bhinna stUpa, Azraya-rahita dharma meM anyamanaska, khinna aura virakta ho rahe the / tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta sunAyI / cunda samaNuddesa pAvA meM varSAvAsa kara sAmagAma meM AyuSmAn Ananda ke pAsa gae aura unheM nigaMTha nAtaputta kI mRtyu tathA nigaNThoM meM parivyApta phUTa kI vistRta sUcanA dii| AyuSmAn Ananda bole - "Avusa cunda ! yaha kathA bheMTa rUpa hai / hama bhagavAn ke pAsa caleM aura unase yaha nivedita kreN|" cunda samaNuddesa Ananda ke sAtha bhagavAn buddha ke pAsa gae aura unheM sArI kathA 361 - -dIgha nikAya, pAsAdika sutta, 316 ke AdhAra se / 2010_05 16. nirvANa carcA pAvA-vAsI malloM kA unnata va navIna saMsthAgAra unhIM dinoM banA thA / taba taka vahA~ kisI zramaNa-brAhmaNa ne vAsa nahIM kiyA thaa| bhagavAn buddha malla meM cArikA karate hue pAvA pahu~ce aura cunda karmAra putra ke Amra-vana meM Thahare / jaba pAvA-vAsI malloM ko isakI sUcanA huI to ve unheM apane saMsthAgAra ke lie AmaMtrita karane ke lie aae| unhoMne nivedana kiyA - " saMsthAgAra kA sarva prathama Apa hI paribhoga kreN| usake anantara usakA hama paribhoga kreNge| yaha hamAre dIrgharAtra taka hita-sukha ke lie hogA / " buddha ne mauna raha kara svIkRti dI / malla vApasa zahara meM aae| unhoMne saMsthAgAra ko acchI taraha sajAyA / saba jagaha pharza bichAyA aura Asana sthApita kie| pAnI ke maTake rakhe aura tela ke dIpaka jalAe / buddha ke pAsa Ae aura unheM sUcita kiyA / buddha pAtracIvara lekara bhikSu saMgha ke sAtha saMsthAgAra meM Aye / pAvA-vAsI malloM ko buddha ne bahuta rAta 1. vizeSa samIkSA ke lie dekheM, 'kAlanirNaya' prakaraNa ke antargata 'mahAvIra - nirvANaprasaMga' ( pR0 80 - 82 ) /

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362 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 taka dhArmika kathA se saMdarzita, samuttejita aura saMpraharSita kara visarjita kiyA / bhikSu saMgha ko tRSNIbhUta dekha kara bhagavAn ne sAriputta ko AmaMtrita kiyA aura nirdeza diyA - "sAriputta ! bhikSu saMgha styAna-mRddha rahita hai / tuma unheM dharma - kathA kaho / merI pITha agiyA rahI hai, maiM ledUMgA / " sAriputta ne buddha kA nirdeza zirodhArya kiyA / buddha ne copetI saMghATI bichavA, dahinI karavaTa ke bala, paira para paira rakha, smRti-saMprajanya ke sAtha utthAna saMjJA mana meM kara siMha- zayyA lagAI / nigaNTha nAtaputta kI kucha hI samaya pUrva pAvA meM mRtyu huI thii| unake kAla karane se nigaNThoM meM phUTa par3a gaI aura do pakSa ho gye| donoM vivAda meM par3a, eka-dUsare para AkSepapratyAkSepa karate hue kaha rahe the - 'tU isa dharma - vinaya ko nahIM jAnatA, maiM isa dharma - vinaya ko jAnatA hU~ / ' 'tU isa dharma ko kyA jAnegA ?' 'tU mithyArUr3ha hai, maiM satyArUr3ha hU~' / 'merA kathana -arthasahita hai, terA nahIM hai' / ' 'tU ne pahale kahane kI bAta pIche kahI aura pIche kahane kI bAta pahale kahI' / 'terA vivAda binA vicAra kA ulTA hai / tU ne vAda Arambha kiyA, kintu, nigRhIta, ho gayA' / 'isa vAda se bacane ke lie idhara-udhara bhaTaka' / 'yadi isa vAda ko sameTa sakatA hai, to sameTa' / nigaNThoM meM mAno yuddha hI ho rahA thA / nigaNTha nAtaputta ke zveta vastradhArI gRhastha ziSya bhI nAtaputtIya nigaNThoM meM vaise hI virakta citta ho rahe the, jaise ki ve nAtaputta ke durAkhyAta, duSpravedita, a-nairyANika, anupazama-saMvartanika, a- samyak sambuddha pravedita, pratiSThA-rahita, Azraya-rahita dharma meM haiM / AyuSmAn sAriputra ne bhikSuoM ko AmaMtrita kiyA aura unheM nigaMTha nAtaputta kI mRtyu kA saMvAda tathA nigaNThoM kI phUTa kI vistRta jAnakArI dete hue kahA - "hamAre bhagavAn kA yaha dharma su-AkhyAta, supravedita, nairyANika, upazama-saMvartanika, sabhyak-sambuddha-pravedita hai / yahA~ sabako hI aviruddha bhASI honA cAhie / vivAda nahIM karanA cAhie, jisase ki yaha brahmacaryaM adhvanika ( cirasthAyI ) ho aura vaha bahujana hitArtha, bahujana sukhArtha, loka kI anukampA ke lie tathA deva va manuSyoM ke hita va sukha ke lie ho / ' dIghanikAya, saMgIti- paryAya- sutta, 3 10-1,2,3 ke AdhAra se / 17. nigaNTha nAtaputta kI mRtyu kA kAraNa vaha nAtaputta to nAlandA-vAsI thA / vaha pAvA meM kaise kAlagata huA ? upAli gRhapati ko satya kA pratibodha huA aura usane dasa gAthAeM buddha ke utkIrtana meM khiiN| usa buddhakIrti ko sahana na karate hue nAtaputta ne apane mu~ha se uSNa rakta ugala diyA / usa asvastha sthiti meM vaha pAvA le jAyA gayA; ataH vahIM vaha kAlagata huA / -majjhima nikAya aTThakathA, sAmagAma sutta vaNNanA, khaNDa 4, pR0 34 ke AdhAra se / samIkSA jaina kathA vastu meM to ukta prakAra kI ghaTanA kA ullekha hai hI nahIM / mUla majjhima 1. vizeSa samIkSA ke lie dekheM, 'kAlanirNaya' prakaraNa ke antargata 'mahAvIra - nirvANaprasaMga ( pR 80-82) / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 363 nikAya ke upAli sutta meM bhI isa ghaTanA ko mahAvIra kI mRtyu se nahIM jor3A gayA hai| yaha nitAnta aTThakathA kA hI parivarddhana hai| jaina ullekha ke anusAra mahAvIra rAjagRha se vihAra kara pAvA jAte haiN| vahA~ ve varSAvAsa karate haiM aura kArtika amAvasyA ko nirvANa prApta karate haiN| itanI pralamba asvasthatA unakI rahI hotI, to avazya usakA kahIM ullekha miltaa| isa avadhi meM unakI asvasthatA kA kahIM ullekha nahIM hai| 18. divya-zakti-pradarzana usa samaya rAjagRha ke eka zreSThI ko eka mahAyaM candanasAra kI candana gA~Tha milii| zreSThI ne socA-"kyoM na maiM isakA pAtra banavAU~ ? cUrA mere kAma AyegA aura pAtra kA dAna kruuNgaa|" pAtra taiyAra huaa| zreSThI ne use sIMke meM rakha kara, usa sIke ko eka para eka, isa prakAra aneka bA~sa bA~dha kara, sabase U~ce bAMsa ke sire para laTakA diyaa| usane yaha ghoSaNA bhI kara dI-"jo zramaNa, brAhmaNa, arhat yA RddhimAn ho; use yaha dAna diyA jAtA hai / vaha isa pAtra ko utAra kara le le|" pUraNakassapa zreSThI ke pAsa AyA aura usane apane ko arhat va RddhimAn batalAte hue usa pAtra kI yAcanA kii| zreSThI ne kahA-'bhante ! yadi Apa vastutaH arhat va RddhimAna haiM, to pAtra ko utAra kara le leN| maiMne Apako diyaa|" kintu pUraNakassapa use utArane meM saphala nahIM huaa| makkhalI gozAla, ajita kesakambalI, pakudha kAcyAyana, saMjaya velaTTiputta va nigaNTha nAtaputta bhI kramazaH zreSThI ke pAsa Ae aura unhoMne bhI apane ko arhat va RddhimAn batalAte hue pAtra kI yAcanA kii| zreSThI kA unako bhI vahI uttara milaa| pAtra ko utArane meM koI bhI saphala nahIM huaa| __ AyuSmAna mauggalAna va AyuSmAn piNDola bhAradvAja pUrvAhna ko su-AcchAdita ho, pAtra-cIvara le, rAjagRha meM bhikSA ke lie praviSTa hue| unhoMne bhI pAtra-sambandhI yaha sArI ghaTanA snii| piNDola bhAradvAja ne mauggalAna ko aura mauggalAna ne piNDola bhAradvAja ko pAtra utAra lAne ke lie khaa| piNDola bhAradvAja isa kArya ke lie taiyAra hue| ve AkAza meM udd'e| usa pAtra ko liyA aura usa pAtra-sahita rAjagRha ke tIna cakkara lgaaye| zreSThI putradArA sahita apane AvAsa para cddh'aa| karabaddha hokara namaskAra kiyA aura apane AvAsa para hI utarane kI unase prArthanA kii| piNDola bhAradvAja ne usa prArthanA ko svIkAra kiyA aura vahIM utare / zreSThI ne unake hAtha se pAtra liyA aura mahArya khAdya se use bhara kara unheM bheMTa kiyaa| piNDola bhAradvAja yAtra-sahita ArAma ko lauTa aae| pAtra ko utAra lAne kI ghaTanA kucha hI kSaNoM meM zahara meM phaila gii| kucha loga kolAhala karate hue hI piNDola bhAradvAja ke sAtha-sAtha ArAma meM praviSTa hue| buddha ne jaba usa kolAhala ko sunA, to AyuSmAn Ananda se usake bAre meM puuchaa| Ananda ne sArA ghaTanAvRtta jAnA aura bhagavAn ko nivedita kiyaa| bhagavAn ne usI samaya bhikSu-saMgha ko ekatrita kiyA aura saba ke bIca piNDola bhAradvAja se pUchA--"kyoM, tU ne sacamuca rAjagRha zreSThI kA pAtra utArA?" "hA~, bhagavan !" buddha ne unheM dhikkArate hue kahA-"bhAradvAja ! yaha anucita hai, pratikUla hai, zramaNa ke ayogya hai aura akaraNIya hai / eka nagaNya se kASTha-pAtra ke lie gRhasthoM ko uttara manuSya ___ 2010_05

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364 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 dharmaRddhi prAtihAryaM tU ne kaise dikhAyA ? na yaha (AcaraNa) aprasannoM ko prasanna karane ke lie hai aura na prasannoM (zraddhAluoM) ko adhika prasanna karane ke lie; apitu aprasannoM ko (aura bhI) aprasanna karane ke lie tathA prasannoM meM se bhI kisI kisI ko ulaTa dene ke lie hai / " bhikSuoM ko sambodhita karate hue bhagavAn buddha ne kahA - "gRhasthoM ko uttara manuSyadharma- Rddhi prAtihArya nahIM dikhAnA caahie| jo dikhAye, use dukkaTa kA doSa / isa pAtra ke Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara bhikSuoM ko aJjana pIsane ke lie de do / " Zhu usI prasaMga para bhikSuoM ke pAtra sambandhI niyama kA vidhAna karate hue buddha ne kahA"bhikSuoM ko svarNa, raupya, maNi, vaiDUrya, sphaTika, kA~sya, kA~ca, rAMgA, sIsA, tAmraleha va kASTha kA pAtra nahIM rakhanA caahie| jo rakhe, use dukkaTa kA doSa / kevala lohe aura miTTI ke pAtra kI maiM anujJA "detA hU~ / " - vinaya piTaka, cullavagga, 5-1-10 ; dhammapada - aTThakathA, 4-2 samIkSA yaha sArA udanta atizayokti se marA hai / piNDola bhAradvAja kA candana- pAtra ke lie Rddhi prAtihArya kA dikhalAnA buddha ke dvArA gRharya batAyA gayA hai / yaha kalpanA bhI kaise kI jA sakatI hai ki nigaNTha nAtaputta usa candana pAtra ko lene ke lie lalacAye hoMge aura isa kautuka meM prayatnazIla hue hoNge| jaina paramparA meM to kisI bhI Rddhi-pradarzana kA sarvathA varjana hai / ' lagatA hai, piTakoM meM jahA~ bhI itara taMthikoM kI nyUnatA vyakta karane kA prasaMga hotA hai, vahIM nigaNTha nAtaputta, pUraNa kassapa Adi sAre nAma duharA diye jAte haiM / 16. chaH buddha ne pUraNa kassapa, makkhalI gauzAla, nigaNTha nAtaputta, saMjaya velaTThiputta, pakudha kaccAyana, ajita kesakambalI Adi chahoM zAstA AcAryoM kI sevA se cintAmaNi Adi vidyAoM meM pravINa ho, 'hama buddha haiM' yaha ghoSita karate hue deza-dezAntara meM vicara rahe the| ve cArikA karate hue kramazaH zrAvastI pahuMce / unake bhaktoM rAjA ko sUcita kiyA, pUraNa kassapa Adi chaH zAstA buddha haiM, sarvajJa haiM aura apane nagara meM Aye haiM / rAjA ne unheM, chahoM zAstAoM ko nimaMtrita kara apane rAja-prAsAda meM lAne kA nirdeza diyaa| bhaktoM ne apane-apane zAstA ko rAjA kA nimaMtraNa diyA aura rAjA ke yahA~ bhikSA grahaNa karane ke lie unheM bAdhya kiyA / una sabhI meM vahA~ jAne kA sAhasa nahIM thA / bhaktoM dvArA punaH punaH Agraha kiye jAne para ve eka sAtha hI rAjaprAsAda kI ora cale / rAjA ne unake lie bahumUlya Asana bichavA diye the / chahoM zAstA una AsanoM para nahIM baitthe| ve dharatI para hI baiThe / una AsanoM para baiThane se nirguNoM ke zarIra meM rAja-teja chA jAtA hai; aisI unakI mAnyatA thI / rAjA ne isase nirNaya kiyA, inameM zukla dharma nahIM hai / rAjA ne unheM bhojana pradAna nahIM kiyaa| isa prakAra ve tAr3a se gire to the hI aura rAjA ne muMgare kI mAra jaisA eka prazna unase aura kara liyA- "tuma buddha ho yA nahIM ?" sAre hI zAstA ghabarA gaye / unhoMne socA - "yadi hama buddha hone kA dAvA kareMge, 1. dekheM, jayAcArya kRta praznottara tattvabodha, gozAlAdhikAra, pR0 160 / 2010_05 ke AdhAra se /

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 395 to rAjA hama se buddha ke bAre meM nAnA prazna puuchegaa| yadi hama unakA samucita uttara nahIM de sakeMge, to rAjA yaha kahakara ki 'buddha na hote hue bhI tuma apane ko buddha kaha kara janatA ko Thagate phirate ho, ; kruddha hokara hamArI jihvA bhI kaTavA sakatA hai tathA anya bhI anartha kara sakatA hai|" sabhI ne uttara diyA-"hama buddha nahIM haiN|" rAjA ne ruSTa hokara unheM rAja-prAsAda se nikalavA diyaa| bAhara khar3e bhakta utsukatA se unakI pratIkSA kara rahe the| jyoM hI ve rAja-prAsAda se bAhara Aye, bhaktoM ne ghera liyA aura pUchA----"rAjA ne Apa se prazna pUcha kara Apa ko satkRta kiyA ? rAjA ne Apa se kyA prazna kiyA ?" chahoM AcAryoM ne vAstavikatA para AvaraNa DAlate hue uttara diyA-'rAjA ne hama se pUchA- 'tuma buddha ho yA nahIM ?' hamane niSedha meM uttara diyaa| usakI pRSThabhUmi meM hamArA tAtparya thA, rAjA buddha ke bAre meM anabhijJa hai / yadi hama svIkRti-sUcaka uttara dete, to hamAre prati rAjA kA mana dUSita hotaa| hamane rAjA para anugraha kara aisA uttara diyaa| vaise to hama buddha hI haiM / hamArA buddhatva pAnI se dhone para bhI nahIM jA sktaa|" -saMyutta nikAya-aTThakathA, 3-1-1 ke AdhAra se| samIkSA eka atiraMjita kathA ke atirikta isa aTThakathA kA koI mahattva nahIM lgtaa| 20. mRgAra zreSThI zrAvastI meM mRgAra zreSThI rahatA thaa| usake putra pUrNavardhana kA vivAha sAketa ke dhanaJjaya zreSThI kI putrI vizAkhA ke sAtha huaa| mRgAra seTha ne eka saptAha taka vivAhotsava manAyA / vaha nimranthoM kA anuyAyI thA ; ataH usane isa upalakSya para sAtaveM dina bahuta sAre nimranthoM ko AmaMtrita kiyA, kintu, gautama buddha ko AmaMtrita nahIM kiyaa| nimranthoM se usakA sArA ghara bhara gyaa| zreSThI ne vizAkhA ko zAsana bhejA, apane ghara arhat Aye haiM ; ataH tuma Akara unheM vandanA kro| vizAkhA srotApanna Arya zrAvikA thii| arhat kA nAma sunakara vaha bahuta hRSTa-tuSTa huii| vaha tatkAla taiyAra huI aura vandanA karane ke lie calI aaii| usane jaba nagna nirgranthoM ko dekhA to vaha sahasA sihara utthii| usake muMha se kucha zabda nikala hI par3e- kyA arhat aise hI hote haiM ? mere zvasura ne ina lajjAhIna zramaNoM ke pAsa mujhe kyoM bulAyA ? dhik, dhik / " vaha usI kSaNa apane mahala meM lauTa aaii| __ nagna zramaNa vizAkhA ke usa vyavahAra se bahuta khinna hue| unhoMne mRgAra zreSThI ko kar3A ulhAnA dete hue kahA-"zreSThin ! kyA tujhe dUsarI kanyA nahIM milI ? zramaNa gautama kI isa mahAkulakSaNA zrAvikA ko apane ghara kyoM lAyA? yaha to jalatI huI gADara hai| zIghra hI ise ghara se nikaalo|" mRgAra zreSThI asamaMjasa meM par3a gyaa| usane socA, vizAkhA mahAkula kanyA hai / inake kathana-mAtra se ise nikAlA nahIM jA sktaa| na nikAlane para zramaNoM kA kopa bhI usase aparicita nahIM thaa| usane atyadhika vinamratA ke sAtha unase kSamA mA~gI aura unheM sasammAna vidA kiyaa| ____ 2010_05

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366 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 __ svayaM bar3e Asana para baitthaa| sone kI kalachI se sone kI thAlI meM parosA gayA nirjala madhura kSIra bhojana karane lgaa| usI samaya eka sthavira (bauddha) bhikSu piNDacAra karatA huA zreSThI ke gRha-dvAra para aayaa| vizAkhA ne use dekhaa| zvasura ko sUcita karanA use ucita nahIM lagA, ataH vaha vahA~ se uThakara eka ora isa prakAra khar3I ho gaI, jisase mRgAra zreSThI bhikSu ko acchI taraha dekha sake / mUrkha zreSThI sthavira ko dekhatA huA bhI na dekhate hue kI taraha nIcA muMha kara pAyasa khAtA rahA / vizAkhA ne jaba yaha sArA dRzya dekhA to usase nahIM rahA gyaa| sthavira ko lakSya kara vaha bolI-"bhante ! Aga jaayeN| merA zvasura bAsI khA rahA hai|" nirgranthoM ke prati vizAkhA dvArA hue asabhya vyavahAra se hI mRgAra zreSThI bahuta ruSTa thA aura jaba usane apane prati 'bAsI khA rahA hai'; yaha sunA to usake kopa kA ThikAnA nahIM rhaa| usane bhojana se hAtha khIMca liyA aura apane anucaroM ko nirdeza diyA-"isa pAyasa ko le jAo aura ise (vizAkhA ko) bhI ghara se nikaalo| yaha mujhe aise maMgala ghara meM bhI azuci-bhojI banA rahI hai|" sabhI anucara vizAkhA ke adhikAra meM the aura usake prati unakI gaharI niSThA thii| use pakar3ane kI bAta to dUra rahI, usake prati asabhya zabda kA vyavahAra bhI koI nahIM kara sakatA thaa| vizAkhA zvasura ko sambodhita karatI huI bolI- 'tAta ! maiM aise nahIM nikala sktii| Apa mujhe kisI panihArina kI taraha nahIM lAye haiN| mAtA-pitA kI vartamAnatA meM kanyAoM ke sAtha aisA vyavahAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| mere pitA ne jisa dina mujhe apane ghara se vidA kiyA thA ; ATha kauTumbikoM ko mere aparAdha ke zodhana kA dAyitva sauMpA thaa| unheM bulA kara Apa mere doSa kA parizodhana kreN|" vizAkhA ne kSamA pradAna karate hue apanI eka zarta prastuta kii| usane kahA- maiM buddha-dharma meM atyanta anurakta kula kI kanyA huuN| maiM bhikSu kI sevA ke binA nahIM raha sktii| yadi mujhe bhikSu-saMgha kI sevA kA yatheccha avasara diyA jAye to maiM raha~gI; anyathA isa ghara meM rahane ke lie kataI prastuta nahIM huuN|" mRgAra zreSThI vizAkhA kI zarta svIkAra kI aura eka apavAda saMyojita kiyA- "buddha kA svAgata tujhe hI karanA hogaa| maiM usameM upasthita honA nahIM caahtaa|" vizAkhA ne dUsare hI dina buddha ko sasaMgha nimaMtrita kiyA / buddha jaba usake ghara Aye to sArA ghara bhikSuoM se bhara gyaa| vizAkhA ne unakA hArdika svAgata kiyaa| nagna zramaNoM (nirgranthoM) ne jaba yaha vRtAnta sunA to ve bhI daur3e Aye aura unhoMne mRgAra zreSThI ke ghara ko cAroM ora se ghera liyaa| vizAkhA ne buddha prabhRti saMgha ko dakSiNodaka diyA aura zvasura ke pAsa zAsana bhejA, satkAra-vidhi sampanna ho gaI hai, Apa Akara bhojana proseN| zreSThI nirgranthoM ke prabhAva meM thA ; ataH nahIM aayaa| bhojana samApta ho cukane para vizAkhA ne phira zAsana bhejA. zvasura buddha kA dharmopadeza suneM / aba na jAnA anucita hogA, yaha soca kara magAra zreSThI apane kakSa se calA / nagna zramaNoM (nirgranthoM) ne Akara rokA aura kahA- 'zramaNa gautama kA dharmopadeza kanAta ke bAhara raha kara sunnaa|" mRgAra zreSThI ne use chUTa sambodhita karate hue kahA 1. vistRta kathA-vRtta dekha, 'pramukha upAsaka-upAsikAeM' prakaraNa ke antargata, pR0276-86| ___ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 397 "tU cAhe kanAta ke bAhara, dIvAla yA parvata kI Ar3a meM va cakravAla ke antima chora para bhI kyoM na baiThe, maiM buddha hU~; ataH tujhe upadeza sunA sakatA huuN|" buddha ne upadeza prArambha kiyaa| sunahale, pake phaloM se ladI huI Amra-vRkSa kI zAkhA ko jhakajhorane para jaise phala girane lagate haiM, usI prakAra zreSThI ke pApa vinaSTa hone lage aura upadeza samApta hote-hote vaha srotApatti-phala meM praviSTa ho gyaa|' -dhammapada-aTThakathA, 4-4 ke AdhAra se| samIkSA yaha sArA prasaMga dhammapada aTThakathA kA hai; ata: atiraMjita honA to sahaja hai hii| AgamoM meM kisI bhI mRgAra nAmaka gRhapati ke nigaNTha-zrAvaka hone kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| mUla tripiTakoM meM bhI ukta ghaTanA-prasaMga kA koI vivaraNa nahIM hai| (21) garahadinna aura sirigutta zrAvastI meM do mitra rahate the| eka kA nAma sirigutta thA aura dUsare kA garahadinna thaa| sirigutta buddha kA upAsaka thA, garahadinna nigaNThoM kaa| donoM meM dhArmika carcAeM hotii| garahadinna cAhatA thA, siriguta nigaNThoM kA upAsaka bne| vaha kahatA, nigaNTha sarvajJa. sarvadarzI hote haiN| ve calate, uTA, sote saba kucha jAnate haiM, dekhate haiN| sirigRtta ne eka dina apane yahAM 500 nigaNTha sAdhuoM ko Amantrita kiyaa| unakI sarvajJatA kI parIkSA ke lie usane apane ghara meM eka garta khudvaayaa| garta meM usane viSThA bhrvaayaa| usa gaDDhe para eka jAla baaNdhaa| usa para AsanAdi bichA diye| nigaNTha Aye, biche Asana para jyoM hI baiThe, garta meM ghasa gye| garahadinna isa ghaTanA se bahuta asantuSTa huaa| usake mana meM pratizodha kI bhAvanA jgii| kAlAntara se usane apane yahA~ bhikSu-saMgha-sahita buddha ko AmaMtrita kiyaa| usane bhI usI taraha eka garta banavAyA aura usameM aMgAre bhrvaaye| usI taraha jAla bichAyA aura Asana lagAye / buddha ne Ate hI apane jJAna-bala se saba kucha samajha liyaa| apane Rddhi-bala se aMgAroM ke sthAna meM kamala utpanna kara die| kamala tatkAla Upara uTha aaye| taba kamaloM para 500 bhikSuoM ke sAtha baiThakara buddha ne dharmopadeza kiyaa| garaha dinna, sirigutta tathA anya aneka loga srotApatti-phala ko prApta hue| -dhammapada - aTThakathA, 4-12 ke AdhAra se / samIkSA lagatA hai, sAmpradAyika manobhAvoM se aneka kathAeM gar3hI jAtI rahI haiN| unameM se 1. prastuta kathA-vastu anAthapiNDika kI kanyA cUla subhaddA ke sambandha se bhI jyoM kI tyoM milatI hai / (dekheM dhammapada aTThakathA, 21-8) / ____ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa: 1 eka yaha bhI hai| ThIka isI prakAra kI eka kathA jaina paramparA meM bhI bahuta pracalita hai| usake anusAra rAjA zreNika bauddha mata ko mAnane vAlA thA aura rAnI celaNA jaina mata ko mAnane vAlI thii| donoM eka-dUsare ko apane dharma meM lAne ke lie prayatnazIla the| zreNika ke Agraha para celaNA ne bauddha bhikSuoM ko bhojana ke lie Amantrita kiyaa| bhikSu aaye| zreNika unheM mahAjJAnI mAnatA thaa| celaNA ne bauddha-guru kI carma-upAnat uThAkara maMgavA lI aura unakI kataraneM karake 'sAMgarI kA rAyatA' banavA diyaa| rAyatA aneka sugandhita padArthoM se bhAnita thaa| vaha bauddha guruoM ko bahuta acchA lgaa| isa prakAra ve apanI sArI jUtI rAyate ke sAtha khA gye| lauTate samaya jaba bauddha-guru kI jUtI nahIM milI, taba celaNA ne sArA bheda kholaa| bauddha bhikSu becAre shrmaayeN| rAjA zreNika isa bAta se bahuta krodhita huA aura usane pratizodha lene kI bAta mana meM tthaanii| rAjA ne eka dina sAyaMkAla vana-krIr3A se Ate eka zUnya devAlaya meM eka nigaNTha muni ko dhyAnastha dekhA / tatkAla eka vezyA ko bulA, use bhI usa devAlaya meM biThA diyaa| rAjamahala meM jA, celaNA se carcA kI ki nigaNTha muni vezyAoM ke sAtha rAta bitAte haiN| maiM sabere tumheM yaha bAta btaauuNgaa| bAta nagara meM phaila cukI thii| sabere rAjA rAnI ko lekara devAlaya para aayaa| sahasroM loga aura bhI ikaTThe hue| nigaNTha muni rAjA kI isa karatUta ko samajha cukA thaa| usane apane tapobala se apanA rUpa badala kara bauddha bhikSu kA rUpa banA liyaa| daravAjA khulate hI bauddha bhikSu aura vezyA sabako dikhalAI diye| rAnI kI vijaya huii| rAjA ne apane dharma kA upahAsa aura ghRNA-bhAva nagara meM karA liyaa| samIkSA anya dharmoM ke sambandha se bhI isa prakAra ke aneka kathAnaka donoM paramparAoM meM milate haiM tathA ina donoM paramparAoM ke sambandha meM itara dharmoM meM bhI aise hI kathAnaka milate haiN| lagatA hai, koI yuga hI AyA thaa| jisameM aise kathAnaka gar3hane kI hor3a lagI thii| milinda paJho meM kahA gayA hai-garahadinna ke ghara buddha ke dharmopadeza karate samaya 54000 vyaktiyoM ko srotApatti-phala milaa|' yaha bhI prastuta kathAnaka kI ayathArthatA kA eka pramANa hai| ullekha-prasaMga 22. zrAmaNya-phala eka samaya buddha rAjagRha meM jIvaka kaumAra-bhRtya ke Amravana meM sAr3he bAraha sau bhikSuoM ke vRhad saMgha ke sAtha vihAra kara rahe the| pUrNamAsI ke uposatha kA dina thaa| cAturmAsika kaumudI se yukta pUrNimA kI rAta ko, rAjA magadha ajAtazatru vaidehIputra, rAjaamAtyoM se ghirA huA, uttama prAsAda para baiThA thaa| usa samaya ajAtazatru ne udAna kahA- "aho ! kaisI 1. milinda prazna, 350 / ___ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 366 ramaNIya cAMdanI rAta hai ! kaisI sundara darzanIya, prAsAdika va lAkSaNika rAta hai ! kisa zramaNa yA brAhmaNa kA satsaMga kareM, jo hamAre citta ko prasanna kre|" eka rAjamaMtrI ne kahA-"mahArAja pUraNa-kassapa gaNanAyaka, gaNacArya, jJAnI, yazasvI, tIrthaGkara, bahujana-sammAnita, anubhavI, cirapravrajita va vayovRddha haiN| Apa unase dharma carcA kreN| unakA alpakAlika satsaMga bhI Apake citta ko prasanna kregaa|" rAjA ajAtazatru ne sunA kiMtu mauna rhaa| dUsare mantrI ne ukta vizeSaNoM ko duharAte hue makkhali gozAla kA sujhAva diyaa| rAjA ajAtazatru mauna rahA / isa prakAra vibhinna maMtriyoM ne isI ukti ke sAtha kramaza: ajita kesakambalI, pakudha kaccAyana, nigaNTha, nAtaputta va saMjaya vela TThiputta kA sujhAva diyaa| ajAtazatru ne yaha saba kucha sunA, kiMtu mauna rahA / jIvaka kaumAra bhRtya bhI ajAtazatru ke pAsa mauna baiThA thaa| rAjA ne usase kahA--"saumya jIvaka ! tuma mauna kyoM ho? tuma bhI apanA sujhAva do|" jIvaka ne kahA--''mahArAja ! mere Amra-udyAna meM sAr3he bAraha sau bhikSuoM ke bahad saMgha ke sAtha bhagavAn arhat samyak sambuddha vihAra kara rahe haiN| unakA maMgala yaza phailA humA hai| ve bhagavAn arhat, paramajJAnI vidyA aura AcaraNa se yukta, sugata, lokavid, puruSoM ko sanmArga para lAne ke lie anupama azva niyantA, deva va manuSyoM ke zAstA tathA buddha haiN| mahArAja! Apa unake pAsa caleM aura unase dharma carcA kreN| kadAcit ApakA citta prasanna ho jaayegaa|" ___ ajAtazatru jIvaka ke sujhAvAnusAra buddha ke darzanArtha claa| susajjita pA~ca sau hAthiyoM para usakI pA~ca sau rAniyA~ thii| svayaM bhI paTTahastI para ArUr3ha huaa| mazAloM kI rozanI se ghirA, rAjakIya vipula ADambara ke sAtha calA / udyAna ke samIpa pahuMcate hI rAjA kA mana bhaya va AzaMkA se bhara gyaa| romAMcita hokara usane jIvaka se kahA- "kahIM tuma mujhe dhokhA to nahIM de rahe ho ? mere sAtha vizvAsaghAta to nahIM kara rahe ho ? kahIM tuma mujhe zatruoM ke hAtha to nahIM de rahe ho ? sAr3he bAraha sau bhikSuoM ke itane bar3e saMgha kI avasthiti para bhI kisI ke thUkane, khA~sane taka kA tathA anya kisI dUsare prakAra kA zabda taka nahIM ho rahA hai|" jIvaka ne sasmita uttara diyA-"mahArAja! maiM Apako dhokhA nahIM de rahA hai aura na maiM Apako zatruoM ke hAthoM hI de rahA huuN| Apa Age cleN| sAmane dekheM, maNDapa meM dIpaka jala rahe haiN|" , jahA~ taka hAthI jA sakatA thA, vahA~ taka ajAtazatru hAthI para gyaa| usake bAda paidala hI maNDapa dvAra para pahu~cA / kramazaH maNDapa meM praviSTa huaa| adbhuta zAnti ko dekhakara vaha bahuta prabhAvita huaa| sahasA usane udAna kahA-'merA kumAra udayabhadra bhI isa prakAra kI zAnti meM susthira ho|" ajAtazatru bhagavAn ko abhivAdana kara va bhikSu-saMgha ko karabaddha namaskAra kara eka ora baiTha gyaa| rAjA ne prazna pUchane kI anumati lI aura pUchA-"bhante ! vividha zilpoM ke mAdhyama se vyakti jIvikA upArjana kara pratyakSataH sukhI hotA hai; kyA usI prakAra isI jIvana meM zrAmaNya kA pratyakSa phala bhI pAyA jA sakatA hai?" "mahArAja ! kyA yaha prazna tumane dUsare zramaNa-brAhmaNoM se bhI pUchA hai ? yadi pUchA ho, 2010_05

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400 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana to unhoMne kyA uttara diyA, btaao|" ajAtazatru ne batAyA- 'maiM pUraNa kassapa, makkhali gozAla, ajita kesakambalI, pakudha kaccAyana va saMjaya velaThThiputta ke pAsa gayA / jaise ki bhante ! pUche Ama aura uttara de kaTahala ; pUche kaTahala aura uttara de Ama / usI prakAra bhante ! una sabhI ne sAMdRSTika zrAmaNyaphala pUche jAne para kramazaH akriyavAda, daivavAda, ucchedavAda, akRtAvAda va anizcitatAvAda' kA uttara diyaa| maiMne unake kathana kA na to abhinandana hI kiyA aura na nindA hI kii| maiMne unake siddhAnta ko na svIkAra hI kiyA aura na nirAdara hI kiyaa| Asana se uThakara calA aayaa| "bhante ! maiM nigaNTha nAtaputta ke pAsa bhI gayA aura unase bhI sAMdRSTika zrAmaNya-phala ke bAre meM puuchaa| unhoMne usake uttara meM mujhe cAturyAma saMvaravAda btlaayaa| unhoMne kahA'nigaNTha cAra saMvaroM se saMvRtta rahatA hai-1. vaha jala ke vyavahAra kA varjana karatA hai, jisase jala ke jIvana mara, 2. vaha sabhI pApoM kA varjana karatA hai, 3. sabhI pApoM ke varjana se dhUtapApa hotA hai aura 4. sabhI pApoM ke varjana meM lagA rahatA hai| isIlie vaha nirgrantha, gatAtmA, yatAtmA aura sthitAtmA kahalAtA hai|' bhante ! merA prazna to thA, pratyakSa zrAmaNya phala ke bAre meM aura nigaNTha nAta putta ne varNana kiyA cAra saMvaroM kaa| bhante ! yaha bhI vaisA hI thA, jaise pUche Ama aura uttara de kaTahala ; pUche kaTahala aura uttara de aam| maiMne unake kathana kA bhI na abhinandana kiyA aura na hI nindA kii| unake siddhAnta ko na maiMne svIkAra kiyA aura na usakA nirAdara hI kiyaa| Asana se uThakara calA aayaa|" buddha ne rAjA ajAtazatru ke prazna kA dRSTAnta, yukti va siddhAMta ke mAdhyama se savistAra uttara diyaa| ajAtazatru usase bahuta prabhAvita huaa| bolA--"Azcarya bhante ! adbhuta bhante ! jaise ulTe ko sIdhA kara de, AvRtta ko anAvRtta kara de, mArga-vismRta ko mArga batA de, aMdhere meM tela kA dIpaka dikhA dejisase sanetradekha sakeM; usI prakAra bhagavAn ne aneka prakAra se dharma ko prakAzita kiyA hai| maiM bhagavAn kI zaraNa grahaNa karatA hU~, dharma va bhikSa saMgha kI bhii| Aja se yAvajjIvana muche zaraNAgata upAsaka svIkAra kreN|" ajAtazatra ne apanA AtmAlocana karate hue kahA-"bhante ! maiMne eka bar3A bhArI aparAdha kiyA hai / maiMne apanI mUr3hatA, mUrkhatA aura pApoM ke kAraNa rAjya lobha se prerita hokara dharmarAja pitA kI hatyA kI hai / bhante ! bhaviSya meM saMbhalakara rahU~gA / Apa mere jaise aparAdhI ko kSamA kreN|" buddha ne uttara meM kahA-'"cUMki mahArAja! tuma apane pApa ko samajhakara, bhaviSya meM sAvadhAna rahane kI pratijJA karate ho; ataH maiM tumako kSamA pradAna karatA huuN| Arya dharma meM yaha vRddhi (lAbha) kI bAta samajhI jAtI hai, yadi koI apane pApa ko samajhakara aura svIkAra kara bhaviSya meM vaisA na karane aura dharmAcaraNa karane kI pratijJA karatA hai|" ajAtazatru buddha ke kathana kA abhinandana va anumodana kara Asana se uThA aura vandanApradakSiNA kara calA AyA / buddha ne bhikSuoM ko sambodhita kiyA--"isa rAjA kA saMskAra acchA nahIM rhaa| yaha rAjA abhAgA hai| yadi yaha rAjA apane dharmarAja pitA kI hatyA 1. ina matavAdoM ke vistRta ullekha ke lie dekheM; 'samasAmayika dharma nAyaka' prakaraNa / 2. dekheM; 'samasAmayika dharma-nAyaka' prakaraNa / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] tripiTakoM meM niMgaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputa 401 nahIM karatA, to Aja ise isI Asana para baiThe-baiThe viraja, vimala gharma cakSu utpanna ho jAtA / " -dIgha nikAya, sAmaJjaphala sutta, 1-2 ke AdhAra se / samIkSA sAmaJjaphala sutta kI samIkSA pUrva ke samasAmayika dharma-nAyaka va kAla nirNaya prakaraNoM meM aneka pahaluoM se kI jA cukI haiM / mahAvIra ko cAturyAma dharma kA nirUpaka batalAnA isa bAta kI ora saMketa karatA hai ki bauddha bhikSu pArzvanAtha' kI paramparA se saMpRkta rahe haiM aura mahAvIra ke dharma ko bhI unhoMne usI rUpa meM dekhA hai, jabaki vaha paJcazikSAtmaka thA / cAra yAma jo yahA~ batAye gae haiM, ve yathArtha nahIM haiM / tathAprakAra kI vrata- parikalpanA aura bhI kisI nAma se jaina- paramparA meM nahIM miltii| itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki zItodaka- varjana Adi ke rUpa meM ye cAra niSedha jaina- paramparA se viruddha nahIM haiM / cUlasukuladAyi sutta aura grAmaNI saMyutta meM prANAtipAta, adattAdAna, kAmesumicchAcAra va musAvAda se nivRtta hone kA ullekha hai, para, vahA~ 'cAturyAma' zabda kA prayoga nahIM hai / mahAvIra kA nAma ajAtazatru ko kisa maMtrI ne sujhAyA, yaha ukta prasaMga meM nahIM hai, para, mahAyAna - paramparA ke anusAra ukta sujhAva abhayakumAra ne diyA thA / yahA~ anya sabhI dharma - nAyakoM ko cira-pravrajita aura vayo'nuprApta kahA gayA hai, para, buddha ke lie jIvaka ne ina vizeSaNoM kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai| isase sUcita hotA hai, ina sabakI apekSA meM buddha taruNa the / 23. buddha : dharmAcAryoM meM kaniSTha 1 eka bAra bhagavAn buddha zrAvastI meM anAthapiNDika ke jetavana meM vihAra kara rahe the rAjA prasenajit kauzala bhagavAn ke pAsa gayA, kuzala prazna pUche aura jijJAsA vyakta kI"gautama ! kyA Apa bhI adhikAra- pUrvaka yaha kahate haiM, Apane anuttara samyag sambodhi ko prApta kara liyA hai ?" bhagavAn ne uttara diyA- "mahArAja ! yadi koI kisI ko sacamuca samyag kahe to vaha mujhe hI kaha sakatA hai / maiMne hI anuttara samyag sambodhi kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai|" rAjA prasenajit kauzala ne kahA - " gautama ! dUsare zramaNa-brAhmaNa, jo saMgha ke adhipati, 1. cAujjAmo ya jo dhammo, jo imo paMcasikkhio / desio vaddhamANeNa, pAseNa ya mahAmunI // - uttarAdhyayana sUtra, a0 23, gAthA 23 2. majjhimanikAya, 76 tathA isI prakaraNa meM sambandhita prasaMga - saMkhyA 13 / 3. isI prakaraNa meM sambandhita prasaMga - saMkhyA 6 / 2010_05

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402 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 gaNAdhipati, gaNAcArya, prasiddha, yazasvI, tIrthaGkara aura bahujana-sammata, pUraNakassapa, makkhali gozAla, nigaNTha nAtaputta, saMjaya velaTThiputta, pakugha kaccAyana, ajita kesakambalI Adi se bhI aisA pUchA jAne para, ve anuttara samyag sambodhi-prApti kA adhikAra-pUrvaka kathana nahIM karate haiN| Apa to alpavayaska va sadyaH pravajita haiN| phira yaha kaise kaha sakate haiM ?" buddha ne kahA- "kSatriya, sarpa, agni va bhikSu ko alpavayaska samajhakara kabhI bhI unakA paribhava va apamAna nahIM karanA caahie| kulIna, uttama, yazasvI kSatriya ko alpa-vayaska samajhanA bhUla hai / ho sakatA hai, samayAntara se vaha rAjya-prApta kara manuSyoM kA indra ho jAye aura usake bAda tiraskartA kA rAja-daNDa ke dvArA pratizodha le| apane jIvana kI rakSA ke lie isase bacanA Avazyaka hai| gAMva ho yA araNya, sarpa ko bhI choTA nahIM samajhanA caahie| sarpa nAnA rUpoM se teja meM vicaratA hai| samaya pAkara vaha nara, nArI, bAlaka Adi ko DaMsa sakatA hai| jIvana rakSA ke nimitta isase bacanA mI Avazyaka hai| bahabhakSI kRSNavarmA pAvaka ko dahara nahIM samajhanA caahie| sAmagrI pAkara vaha agni suvistRta hokara nara-nAriyoM ko jalA detI hai; ata: jIvana rakSA ke nimitta isase bacanA bhI Avazyaka hai| agni vana ko jalA detI hai| ahorAtra bItane para vahA~ aMkura utpanna ho jAte haiM / kintu, zIla-sampanna bhikSu apane teja se jise jalA DAlatA hai, usake putra, pazu taka bhI nahIM hote| usake dAyAda bhI dhana nahIM paate| vaha niHsaMtAna aura nirdhana sira kaTe tAla vRkSa jaisA ho jAtA hai| ataH paNDitapuruSa apane hita kA cintana karatA huA bhujaMga, pAvaka, yazasvI kSatriya aura zIla-sampanna bhikSa ke sAtha acchA vyavahAra kre|" rAjA prasenacit kauzala ne kahA- "Azcarya bhante ! Azcarya bhante ! jaise auMdhe ko sIdhA kara de, AvRtta ko anAvRtta kara de, mArga-vismRta ko mArga batA de, aMdhere meM telapradIpa dikhA de, jisase sanetra dekha sakeM, vaise hI bhante ! bhagavAn ne aneka prakAra se dharma ko prakAzita kiyA hai| bhante ! maiM bhagavAna kI zaraNa jAtA hU~, dharma kI zaraNa jAtA hU~ aura bhikSa-saMgha ko zaraNa jAtA huuN| Aja se jIvana-paryanta mujhe zaraNAgata upAsaka svIkAra kareM, -saMyutta nikAya, daharasutta, 3-1-1 ke AdhAra se| samIkSA saba dharmanAyakoM meM buddha kI kaniSThatA kA yaha eka jvalanta pramANa hai| mahAvIra aura buddha kI samasAmayikatA ke nirNaya meM DA0 jekobI Adi ne isa prasaMga ko chUA taka nahIM hai| yaha unheM sulabha huA hotA, to saMbhavataH ve bhI mahAvIra kI jyeSThatA nirvivAda siddha krte| 24. sabhiya parivrAjaka eka bAra bhagavAn buddha rAjagRha meM veluvana kalandaka nivApa meM vihAra kara rahe the| 1. isa prasaMga para vizeSa carcA ke lie dekheM, 'kAla nirNaya' prakaraNa ke antargata 'mahAvIra kI jyeSThatA' (pR0 86-7) / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta sabhiya parivrAjaka ke eka hitaiSI deva ne use kucha prazna sikhAye aura kahA--"jo zramaNabrAhmaNa ina praznoM kA uttara de, usI ke pAsa tuma brahmacarya svIkAra krnaa|" ____sabhiya parivrAjaka prAtaHkAla utthaa| vaha saMghI, gaNI, gaNAcArya, prasiddha, yazasvI tIrthaGkara, bahujana-sammata pUraNa kassapa, makkhali gozAla, ajita kesakambalI, pakudha kaccAyana, saMjaya vela dviputta aura nigaNTha nAtaputta ke pAsa kramazaH gayA aura unase prazna puuche| sabhI tIrthaGkara usake praznoM kA uttara nahIM de sake; apitu ve kopa, dveSa aura aprasannatA hI vyakta karane lage tathA ulTe usase hI prazna pUchane lage / sabhiya bahuta asaMtuSTa huaa| usakA mana nAnA UhApohoM se bhara gayA aura usane nirNaya kiyA-acchA ho, gRhastha hokara sAMsArika Ananda luuttuuN| sabhiya parivrAjaka ke mana meM aisA bhI vicAra utpanna huA-zramaNa gautama bhI saMghI, gaNI, gaNAcArya bahujana sammata haiM, kyoM na maiM unase bhI ye prazna pUch, usakA mana tatkAla hI AzaMkA se bhara gyaa| usane socA, pUraNa kassapa, makkhali gozAla, ajita kesakambalI, pakudha kaccAyana, saMjaya velaThThiputta aura nigaNTha nAtaputta jaise jIrNa, vRddha, vayaska, uttarAvasthA ko prApta, vayotIta, sthavira, anubhavI, cira pravajita, saMghI, gaNI, gaNAcArya, prasiddha, yazasvI, tIrthaMkara, bahujana-sammAnita zramaNa-brAhmaNa bhI mere praznoM kA uttara na de sake ; na de sakane para kopa, dveSa va aprasannatA vyakta karate haiM aura mujhase hI inakA uttara pUchate haiN| zramaNa gautama kyA mere ina praznoM kA uttara de sakeMge? ve to Ayu meM yuvA aura pravrajyA meM navIna haiN| phira bhI zramaNa yuvaka hotA huA bhI mahaddhika aura tejasvI hotA hai| ata: zramaNa gautama se bhI maiM ina praznoM ko puuchuu| sabhiya parivrAjaka rAjagRha kI ora claa| kramaza: cArikA karatA huA veluvana kalandaka nivApa meM bhagavAn ke pAsa phuNcaa| kuzala-saMvAda pUchakara eka ora baiTha gyaa| sabhiya ne bhagavAn se nivedana kiyA--"bhante ! saMzaya aura vicikitsA se prerita hokara maiM prazna pUchane ke abhiprAya se AyA huuN| dhArmika-rIti se uttara dekara merI una zaMkAoM kA nirasana kreN|" buddha ne uttara diyA- "sabhiya ! prazna pUchane ke abhiprAya se tuma dUra se Aye ho| tuma eka-eka kara mujhase puucho| maiM unakA samAdhAna kara tumheM saMzaya-mukta kara sakatA huuN|" sabhiya parivrAjaka ne socA-Azcarya hai ! adbhuta hai ! anya zramaNa-brAhmaNoM ne jina 'praznoM ke pUchane ke lie avakAza taka nahIM diyA, vahA~ zramaNa gautama mujhe unake nirasana kA vizvAsa dilAte haiN| prasanna va pramudita hokara usane pUchanA Arambha kiyaa| ....... gautama buddha ne unakA savistAra uttara diyaa| ...... sabhiya parivrAjaka ne bhagavAn ke bhASaNa kA abhinandana kiyA, anumodana kiyA aura Anandita hokara Asana se utthaa| uttarIya ko eka kandhe para saMbhAla kara usane bhagavAn buddha kI stuti meM kucha gAthAeM kahIM / bhagavAn ke pAdapadmoM meM natamastaka hokara kahane lagA-'Azcarya hai gautama ! adbhuta hai gautama ! jaise auMdhe ko sIdhA kara de, AvRta ko anAvRtta kara de, mArga-vismRta ko mArga batA de, andhere meM tela kA dIpaka jalA de, jisase sanetra dekha sakeM, usI prakAra Apa gautama ne aneka prakAra se dharma ko prakAzita kiyA hai| maiM bhagavAna gautama kI zaraNa grahaNa karatA hU~, dharma va bhikSu-saMgha kI bhii| maiM Apake pAsa pravrajyA tathA upasampadA grahaNa karanA ca 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : buddha ne uttara diyA- "sabhiya ! koI anya tIthika isa dharma-vinaya meM pravrajyA aura upasampadA kI AkAMkSA karatA hai, to usake lie sAmAnya niyama yaha hai ki use pahale cAturmAsika parivAsa karanA hotA hai| parivAsa meM saphala hone para bhikSu-jana pravrajyA aura upasampadA pradAna karate haiN| kucheka vyaktiyoM ke lie isameM apavAda bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai|" sabhiya ne vinamratA se uttara diyA-"bhante ! maiM isake lie bhI prastuta huuN| bhikSu mujhe pravajita kareM, upasampadA pradAna kreN|" sabhiya parivrAjaka ne bhagavAn ke pAsa pravrajyA va upasampadA prApta kii| kucha samaya pazcAt sabhi ya ekAnta meM apramatta, udyogI tathA tatpara ho, jisa prayojana ke lie kulaputra samyak prakAra se ghara se beghara ho vihAra karatA hai, usa anuttara brahmacarya ke anta ko isI jIvana meM svayaM jAnakara aura sAkSAtkAra kara vihAra karane lge| unhoMne jAna liyA-"janma kSINa huA, brahmacarya pUrNa huA, kRtakRtya ho gayA aura punarjanma samApta ho gyaa|" AyuSmAn sabhi ya arhatoM meM se eka hue| -sutta nipAta, mahAvagga, sabhiya sutta ke AdhAra se| samIkSA ukta prasaMga mahAvIra kI jyeSThatA kA ananya pramANa hai| yahAM buddha kI apekSA sabhI dharma-nAyakoM ko jiNNa, buDDhA, mahallakA, addhagatA, vayo anupattA, therA, ratta, cira pamvajitA arthAt jIrNa, vRddha, vayaska, cirajIvI, avasthA-prApta, sthavira, anubhavI, cirapravrajita kahA gayA hai| yaha samullekha sutta nipAta kA hai, isa dRSTi se bhI adhika prAcIna aura adhika prAmANika hai|2 sabhiya parivrAjaka ke viSaya meM theragAthA-aTThakathA Adi grantha vistRta byaurA dete haiN| eka subhaTa-kanyA apane abhibhAvakoM ke Adeza se kisI eka parivrAjaka ke pAsa zAstrAdi kA adhyayana karatI thii| usI saMsarga meM usake garbhAdhAna huaa| vaha ghara se nikAlI gii| caurAhoM para phirate usane eka zizu ko janma diyaa| sabhA arthAt loka-samUha ke bIca janma hone ke kAraNa usa bAlaka kA nAma sabhiya par3A aura vaha bar3A hokara parivrAjaka bnaa| inhIM aTThakathAoM meM isake pUrvajanma-sambandhI vistRta carcA bhI hai| 25. subhadra parivrAjaka __ kusinArA meM subhadra parivrAjaka rahatA thaa| usane sunA, Aja rAta ke antima prahara meM zramaNa gautama kA parinirvANa hogaa| usane socA, maiMne vRddha AcArya-prAcArya parivrAjakoM se yaha sunA hai ki tathAgata samyak sambuddha kabhI-kabhI hI utpanna huA karate haiN| Aja rAta 1. vizeSa samIkSA ke lie dekheM, 'kAla nirNaya' prakaraNa ke antargata pR0 86 / 2. Fausbolls. B.E., vol.X. part II introduction. 3. theragAthA aTThakathA, 1,381; sutta nipAta aTThakathA, 2,416 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 405 ko gautama kA parinirvANa hogaa| mere mana meM kucha saMzaya hai| maiM zramaNa gautama ke prati zraddhAzIla haiM / ve mujhe aisA dharmopadeza kara sakate haiM, jisase mere saMzayoM kA nivAraNa ho jaaegaa| - sabhadra parivrAjaka malloM ke zAla-vana upavattana meM aayaa| AyuSmAn Ananda ke samIpa phuNcaa| zramaNa gautama ke darzana karane ke apane abhiprAya se unheM sUcita kiyaa| AyuSmAn Ananda ne usase kahA- "Avusa ! subhadra ! tathAgata ko kaSTa na do / bhagavAn thake hue haiN|" subhadra ne apanI bAta ko do-tIna bAra duhraayaa| bhagavAn ne usa kathA-saMlApa ko suna liyA / Ananda se unhoMne kahA--'subhadra ko mata roko| subhadra ko tathAgata ke darzana pAne do| yaha jo kucha bhI pUchegA, vaha parama jJAna kI icchA se hI pUchegA; kaSTa dene ke abhiprAya se nahIM prazna ke uttara meM ise jo kucha bhI batAU~gA, vaha zIghra hI grahaNa kara legaa|" Ananda se anujJA pA kara subhadra tathAgata ke pAsa aayaa| unheM saMmodana kara eka ora baiTha gyaa| vArtAlApa kA Arambha karate hue bolA- "gautama ! jo zramaNa-brAhmaNa saMghI, gaNI gaNAcArya, prasiddha, yazasvI, tIrthakara, bahuta logoM dvArA uttama mAne jAne vAle haiM ; jaise ki pUraNa kassapa, makkhali gozAla, ajita kesakambalI, pakudha kaccAyana, saMjaya velaTTiputta, nigaNTha nAtaputta ; kyA ve sabhI apane pakSa ko tadvat hI jAnate haiM yA tadvat nahIM jAnate haiM, yA koI-koI tadvat jAnate haiM yA koI-koI tadvat nahIM jAnate haiM ?" buddha ne usa prazna ko bIca hI meM kATate hue kahA-"una sabhI pakSoM ko tU jAne de| maiM tujhe dharmopadeza karatA huuN| use tU acchI taraha suna aura usa para manana kr|" subhadra tanmaya ho kara baiTha gyaa| buddha ne kahA-"subhadra ! jisa dharma-vinaya meM aSTAMgika mArga upalabdha nahIM hotA, usameM prathama zramaNa (srota Apanna), dvitIya zramaNa (sakRdAgAmI), tRtIya zramaNa (anAgAmI), caturtha zramaNa (arhat) bhI upalabdha nahIM hotaa| sabhadra ! isa dharmavinaya meM aisA hotA hai ; ataH yahA~ cAroM prakAra ke zramaNa haiN| dUsare mata zramaNoM se dUra haiN| yadi yahA~ bhikSu ThIka se vihAra kara, to loka arhatoM se zUnya na ho| . "sabhadra ! unatIsa varSa kI avasthA meM kuzala kA gaveSaka hokara maiM pravrajita hA thaa| aba mujhe isameM ikyAvana varSa ho cuke haiN| nyAya-dharma ke eka deza ko dekhane vAlA bhI yahA~ se bAhara nahIM hai|" AzcaryAbhibhUta hokara subhadra parivrAjaka ne kahA- "Azcarya bhante ! Azcarya bhante ! maiM bhagavAn kI zaraNa jAtA hU~, dharma aura bhikSu-saMgha kI bhI zaraNa jAtA huuN| mujhe bhagavAna se pravrajyA mile, upasampadA mile|" -dIgha nikAya, mahAparinivvANa sutta, 2-3 ke AdhAra se| samIkSA yahA~ buddha kI antima avasthA taka mahAvIra ke vartamAna hone kI bAta milatI hai, para, yaha yathArtha nahIM hai|' 1. vizeSa samIkSA ke lie dekheM, 'kAla-nirNaya' prakaraNa ke antargata pR0 70-1 / 2010_05

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406 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 26. rAjagRha meM sAtoM dharma-nAyaka eka bAra bhagavAn buddha rAjagRha meM veluvana kalandaka nivApa meM vihAra kara rahe the| usa samaya anugAra-varacara aura sakula-udAyI Adi bahuta sAre prasiddha parivrAjaka moranivApa parivrAjakArAma meM vAsa karate the| pUrvAhna samaya bhagavAn pahinane kA vastra pahina kara, pAtra-cIvara le rAjagRha meM piNDacAra ke lie praviSTa hue| unheM anubhava huA, piNDacAra ke lie abhI bahuta saberA hai| ve vahA~ se sakula-udAyI se milane ke abhiprAya se mora-nivApha parivrAjakArAma kI ora Age bddh'e| sakula-udAyI usa samaya rAja-kathA, cora-kathA, mAhAtmya-kathA, senA-kathA, bhaya-kathA, yuddha-kathA, anna-kathA, pAna-kathA, vastra-kathA, Adi kathAoM va nirarthaka kathAoM ke mAdhyama se kolAhala karane vAlI bar3I pariSad se ghirA baiThA thaa| sakula-udAyI ne dUra hI se gautama buddha ko apanI ora Ate hue dekhaa| pariSad ko sAvadhAna karate hue kahA-"Apa saba cupa ho jaayeN| zabda na ho| zramaNa gautama A rahe haiN| ye AyuSmAn niHzabda-premI va alpa zabda-prazaMsaka haiM / pariSad ko zAnta dekha kara sambhavataH idhara bhI aayeN|" sabhI parivrAjaka zAnta ho gaye / bhagavAn sakula-udAyI ke pAsa ge| sakula-udAyI ne bhagavAn kA svAgata karate hue kahA-"Aie bhante ! svAgata bhante ! bahuta samaya bAda Apa yahA~ aaye| baiThiye, yaha Asana bichA hai|" bhagavAn buddha biche Asana para baitthe| sakula-udAyI eka nIcA Asana lekara eka ora baiTha gyaa| vArtA kA Arambha karate hue bhagavAn ne kahA-"udAyI ! kisa kathA meM saMlagna the ? kyA vaha kathA adhUrI hI raha gaI hai ?" sakula-udAyI ne usa prasaMga ko bIca hI meM kATate hue kahA-"bhante ! ina kathAoM ko Apa yahIM chor3a deN| Apake lie ina kathAoM kA zravaNa anyatra bhI durlabha nahIM hogaa| vigata dinoM kI hI ghaTanA hai| kutUhalazAlA meM ekatrita nAnA tIrthoM ke zramaNa-brAhmaNoM ke bIca yaha kathA calI-Aja kala aGga-mAgadhoM kA acchA lAbha mila rahA hai| kyoMki yahA~ rAjagaha meM saMghapati, gaNI, gaNAcArya, prasiddha, yazasvI, bahujana-sammAnita aura tIrthaGkara varSAvAsa ke lie Aye haiM / pUraNakassapa, makkhali gozAla, ajita kesakambalI, pakudha kaccAyana, saMjayavelaTThiIputta aura nigaMTha nAtaputta unameM pramukha haiN| zramaNa gautama bhI varSAvAsa ke lie yahA~ Aye hue haiN| ina saba zramaNa-brAhmaNoM meM zrAvakoM (ziSyoM) dvArA kauna adhika satkRta va pUjita hai ? zrAvaka kise adhika satkAra, gaurava, mAna va pUjA pradAna karate haiM ? "upasthita sabhI vyaktiyoM meM mukta carcA hone lgii| kisI ne kahA- 'pUraNa kassapa saMghI, gaNI, gaNAcArya, prasiddha, yazasvI, bahujana-sammata va tIrthakara kahe jAte haiM, kintu, ve na to zrAvakoM dvArA satkRta haiM aura na pUjita hii| inheM zrAvaka satkAra, gaurava, mAna va pUjA pradAna nahIM krte| eka bAra kI ghaTanA hai| pUraNa kassapa sahasroM kI sabhA ko dharmopadeza kara rahe the| unake eka zrAvaka ne jora se vahA~ kahA- 'Apa loga ye bAta pUraNa kassapa se na puuche| ye ise nahIM jAnate / ise hama jAnate haiN| yaha bAta hameM puuche| hama Apa logoM ko btaayeNge|" pUraNa kassapa usa samaya bA~ha pakar3a kara cillAte the-'Apa saba cupa raheM, zabda na kreN| ye loga Apa saba se nahIM pUcha rahe haiN| hamAre se pUchate haiN| inheM hama hI btlaayeNge|' kintu, ve usa pariSad ko zAnta na kara ske| pUraNa kassapa ke bahuta sAre zrAvaka vahA~ se vivAda karate 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 407 hue nikala par3e-'tU isa dharma-vinaya ko nahIM jAnatA, meM isa dharma-vinaya ko jAnatA huuN|' 'tU isa dharma-vinaya ko kyA jAnegA ?' 'tU mithyArUr3ha hai, maiM samyaga pratipanna huuN|' 'merA kathana sArthaka hai, terA nirarthaka hai|' 'tU ne pUrva kathanIya bAta ko pIche kahA aura pazcAt kathanIya bAta ko pahale khaa|' 'avicIrNa ko tU ne ulaTa diyaa|' terA vAda nigraha meM A gyaa|' 'bAda chur3Ane ke lie yatna kr|' 'yadi sAmarthya hai to ise khoja le|' isa prakAra pUraNa kassapa zrAvakoM dvArA na satkRta haiM, na gurukRta hai, na pUjita haiM, na mAnita haiM balki pariSad ke dvArA ve to dhikkRta haiN| "kisI ne vahA~ uparokta prakAra se makkhali gozAla kI carcA kI to kisI ne ajita kesakambalI kI aura kisI ne pakudha kaccAyana, saMjaya velaThThiputta va nigaMTha nAgaputta kI carcA kii| sabhI AcAryoM ko unhoMne asatkRta, agurukRta- apUjita aura amAnita hI tthhraayaa| "eka anya vyakti ne kahA-'zramaNa gautama saMghI, gaNI, gaNAcArya, prasiddha, yazasvI, bahujana-sammAnita va tIrthaGkara haiN| ve zrAvakoM dvArA satkRta, gurukRta, mAnita aura pUjita haiM tathA unheM gaurava pradAna kara, unakA Alambana le vicarate haiN| eka samaya kI ghaTanA hai ki zramaNa gautama sahasroM kI sabhA ko dharmopadeza kara rahe the| zramaNa gautama ke eka ziSya ne vahA~ khaaNsaa| dUsare sabrahmacArI ne usakA paira dabAte hue kahA-'AyuSman ! cupa raheM, zabda na kreN| zAstA hameM dharmopadeza kara rahe haiN|' jisa samaya zramaNa gautama sahasroM kI pariSad ko dharmopadeza karate haiM, usa samaya zrAvakoM ke thUkane va khA~sane kA bhI zabda nahIM hotaa| janatA unakI prazaMsA karatI hai aura pratyutthAna karatI huI kahatI hai--'bhagavAn hameM jo dharmopadeza kareMge, use suneNge|' zramaNa gautama ke jo zrAvaka sabrahmacAriyoM ke sAtha vivAda kara, bhikSu-niyamoM ko chor3a gRhasthaAzrama ko lauTa Ate haiM ; ve bhI zAstA ke prazaMsaka hote haiM, dharma ke prazaMsaka hote haiM, saMgha ke prazaMsaka hote haiN| ve dUsaroM kI nahIM, apanI hI nindA karate hue kahate hai-'hama bhAgyahIna haiM, jo aise svAkhyAta dharma meM pravajita ho, paripUrNa va parizuddha brahmacarya kA jIvana-paryanta pAlana nahIM kara ske|' isake atirikta ArAma-sevaka ho yA gRhastha (upAsaka) ho, pA~ca zikSApadoM ko grahaNa kara vicarate haiN| isa prakAra zramaNa gautama zrAvakoM dvArA satkRta, gurukRta, mAnita aura pUjita haiM aura zrAvaka unheM gaurava pradAna kara, unakA Alambana le vicarate haiN|" -majhima nikAya, mahAsakuladAyi suttanta, 2-3-7 ke AdhAra se / samIkSA isa udanta meM ullekhanIya abhivyakti yahI hai ki sAtoM dharma-nAyakoM kA eka sAtha rAjagRha meM varSAvAsa batAyA gyaa| 27 nigaNTha uposatha eka bAra bhagavAn buddha zrAvastI meM vizAkhA mRgAra-mAtA ke pUrvArAma-prAsAda meM vihAra kara rahe the| vizAkhA mRgAra-mAtA uposatha ke dina bhagavAn ke pAsa aaii| abhivAdana kara eka ora baiTha gii| vizAkhA se bhagavAn ne pUchA- "dina car3hate hI Aja kaise AI ?" 2010_05

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408 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana "bhante ! Aja maiMne uposatha (vrata) rakhA hai|" "vizAkhe ! uposatha tIna prakAra kA hotA hai : ( 1 ) gopAla - uposatha, (2) nirgrantha-uposatha tathA (3) Arya - uposatha / " "bhante ! gopAla- uposatha kise kahate haiM ?" [khaNDa : 1 "vizAkhe ! koI gvAlA sandhyA hone para gauoM ko apane-apane svAmiyoM ko sauMpane ke bAda socatA hai, ina gauoM ne Aja amuka-amuka sthAna para carAI kI aura amuka-amukka sthAna para pAnI pIyA / ye gaueM kala amuka-amuka sthAna para careMgI tathA amuka-amuka sthAna para pAnI pIyeMgI / isI prakAra uposatha tratI socatA hai - Aja maiMne amuka padArtha khAyA hai aura kala amuka padArtha khAU~gA / vaha apanA sArA dina lobha-yukta citta se vyatIta kara detA hai / yaha gopAla - uposatha hotA hai| isakA na mahAn phala hotA hai, na mahAn pariNAma hotA hai, na mahAn prakAza hotA hai aura na mahAn vistAra hotA hai|" "bhante ! nirgrantha- uposatha kise kahate haiM ?" "vizAkhe ! nirgrantha nAmaka zramaNoM kI eka jAti hai / ve apane anuyAyioM ko vrata dilAte haiM - he puruSa ! tU yahA~ hai / pUrva dizA meM sau yojana taka jitane prANI haiM, unheM tU daNDa- mukta kara / isI prakAra pazcima dizA, uttara dizA aura dakSiNa dizA meM sau-sau yojana taka jitane bhI prANI haiM unheM bhI tU daNDa- mukta kara / isa prakAra kucha prANiyoM ke prati dayA vyakta karate haiM aura kucha prANiyoM ke prati dayA vyakta nahIM karate haiM / uposatha ke dina ve apane zrAvakoM ko vrata dilAte haiM- puruSa ! tU idhara A / sabhI vastroM kA parityAga kara tU vrata grahaNa kara -- na maiM kahIM, kisI kA, kucha hU~ aura na merA kahIM koI, kucha hai / kintu usake mAtA-pitA jAnate haiM, yaha merA putra hai aura putra mI jAnatA hai, ye mere mAtA-pitA haiM / putra- strI Adi usake pArivArika bhI jAnate haiM, yaha hamArA svAmI hai aura vaha bhI jAnatA hai, putra strI Adi ye mere pArivArika haiN| usake dAsa, naukara, karmakara bhI jAnate haiM, yaha hamArA svAmI hai aura vaha bhI jAnatA hai, ye mere dAsa, naukara, karmakara Adi haiM / jisa samaya ve vrata lete haiM, jhUTha kA avalambana lete haiM / maiM kahatA hU~, isa prakAra ve mRSA vAdI haiM / rAtri vyatIta ho jAne para ve una vyakta vastuoM ko binA kisI ke diye hI upabhoga meM lAte haiM / isa prakAra ve corI karane vAle bhI hote haiM / yahI nirgrantha-uposatha hotA hai / isa prakAra ke uposatha vrata kA na mahAn phala hotA hai, na mahAn pariNAma hotA hai, na mahAna prakAza hotA hai tathA na mahAn vistAra hotA hai / " 1 bhante ! Arya-uposatha kise kahate haiM ?" 2010_05 "vizAkhe ! Arya-zrAvaka citta kI nirmalatA ke lie tathAgata kA anusmaraNa karatA hai - bhagavAn arhat haiM, samyak sambuddha haiM, vidyA-AcaraNa se yukta haiM, sugata haiM, loka ke jJAtA haiM, sarvazreSTha haiM, kumArgagAmI puruSoM kA damana karane vAle uttama sArathI haiM, tathA devatAoM aura manuSyoM ke zAstA haiM / ve bhagavAn buddha haiM / isa prakAra Arya zrAvaka brahma-uposatha vrata rakhatA hai aura brahma ke sAtha rahatA hai / brahma ke sambandha se usakA citta prasanna hotA hai, moda bar3hatA hai aura citta ke maila kA prahANa hotA hai / "Arya-zrAvaka dharma kA anusmaraNa karatA hai - yaha dharma bhagavAn dvArA supravedita hai, yaha dharma ihaloka-sambandhI hai, isa dharma kA pAlana sabhI dezoM tathA sabhI kAloM meM kiyA jA sakatA hai / yaha dharma nirvANa taka le jAne meM samartha hai tathA pratyeka buddhimAn isa dharma kA

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 401 sAkSAt kara sakatA hai| isa prakAra Arya-zrAvaka dharma-uposatha-vrata rakhatA hai aura dharma ke sAtha rahatA hai| dharma ke sambandha se usakA citta prasanna hotA hai, moda bar3hatA hai aura citta ke mala kA.prahANa hotA hai| "Arya-zrAvaka saMgha kA anusmaraNa karatA hai-bhagavAn kA zrAvaka-saMgha sundara, sarala, nyAya va samIcIna mArga para calane vAlA hai| isa saMgha meM ATha prakAra ke satpuruSoM kA samAveza hotA hai / yaha saMgha AdaraNIya hai, Atithya ke yogya hai, dAna-dakSiNA ke yogya hai aura karavaddha namaskAra ke yogya hai| yaha logoM ke lie sarvazreSTha puNya kSetra hai| isa prakAra saMgha kA anusmaraNa karane vAle kA citta prasanna hotA hai, moda bar3hatA hai aura citta ke mala kA prahANa hotA hai| "Arya-zrAvaka apane zIla kA smaraNa karatA hai-yaha akhaNDita, achidra, mAlinyarahita, pavitra, zuddha, vijJapuruSoM dvArA prazaMmita, akalaMkita va samAdhi kI ora le jAne vAlA hai| isa prakAra sIla ke anusmaraNa se citta prasanna hotA hai, moda bar3hatA hai aura citta ke maila kA prahANa hotA hai| kArya-zrAvaka cAturmahAsaz2ika, trayastriza, yAma, tuSit, nirmANa-rati, paranirmitasamavartI, bajhakAyika devatA aura isase Age ke devatAoM kA anusmaraNa karatA hai jisa prakAra kI zraddhA, zIla, zruta (mAna), tyAga aura prajA se yukta ve devatA yahA~ se mara kara vahAM utpanna hue haiM, mere meM bhI usI prakAra kI zraddhA, zIla, zruta, tyAya aura ajaya hai| una devatAoM kI zraddhA, zIla, zruta, tyAga aura prajJA kA anusmaraNa karane vAle kA citta prasanna hotA hai, moda bar3hatA hai aura citta ke maila kA prahANa hotA hai| ''uposAtha ke dina vaha Arya-zrAvaka cintana karatA hai 1. arhata jIvana-paryanta prANa-viyojana se virata ho, daNDa-tyAgI, zastra-vyApI, para bhIra, dayAvAna hokara sabhI prANiyoM kA hita aura una para anukampA karate hue vicarate hai| maiM bhI Aja bahorAtra taka prANa-viyojana se virata ho, daNDa-tyAgI, zastra-tyAgI, pApazrIja va dayAvAn hokara sabhI prANiyoM kA hita aura una para anukampA karate hue vihAra kruuN| isa aMza meM bhI maiM bahatoM kA anukaraNa karU~gA tathA merA uposatha (vrata) pUrNa hogaa| 2. 'arhat jIvana-paryanta adatta se virata raha, kevala datta ke hI grAhaka, datta.ke hI AkAMkSI hokara pavitra jIvana vyatIta karate haiN| maiM bhI Aja ahorAtra taka adatta se virata jo kevala datta kA hI grAhaka, datta kA hI AkAMkSI hokara pavitra jIvana bitaauuN| isa aMza meM zrI meM arhatoM kA anukaraNa karU~gA tathA merA uposatha pUrNa hogaa| 3. arhat jIvana-paryanta abrahmacarya kA tyAga kara, brahmacArI, anAcAra-rahita, maithuna sAbadharma se virata rahate haiN| maiM bhI Aja ahorAtra taka abrahmacarya kA tyAga kara, brahmacArI, samAcAra-rahita, maithuna grAmya-dharma se virata ho kara rhN| isa aMza meM bhI maiM ahaMtoM kA anakaraNa karU~gA tathA merA uposatha pUrNa hogaa| 4. arhata jIvana-paryanta maSAvAda kA tyAga kara, satyavAdI, vizvasanIya, sthira, nirbhara tathA loka meM asatya na bolane vAle hokara rahate haiN| maiM bhI Aja ahorAtra taka maSAvAda kA tyAga kara, satyavAdI, vizvasanIya, sthira, nirbhara tathA loka meM asatya na bolane vAlA ho kara rhuuN| isa aMza meM bhI maiM mahaMtoM kA anukaraNa karU~gA tathA merA uposaya ma hogaa| 2010_05

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410 Agama aura tripiTaka: [khaNDa : 1 5. arhat jIvana-paryanta surA Adi pramAda-kAraka vastuoM kA parityAga kara unase virata hokara rahate haiN| maiM bhI Aja ahorAtra taka surA Adi pramAda-kAraka vastuoM se virata ho kara rhuuN| isa aMza meM bhI maiM arhatoM kA anukaraNa karU~gA tathA merA uposatha pUrNa hogaa| .....6. arhat jIvana-paryanta ekAhArI, rAtri-bhojana-tyAgI, vikAla bhojana se virata ho kara rahate haiN| maiM bhI Aja kA ahorAtra ekAhArI, rAtri-bhojana-tyAgI, vikAla bhogana se virata hokara bitaauuN| isa aMza meM bhI maiM arhatoM kA anukaraNa karU~gA tathA merA uposatha pUrNa hogaa| 7. arhat jIvana-paryanta nRtya saMgIta, vAdya, manoraMjaka dRzya dekhane, mAlA, gandha, vilepana, zRGgArika paridhAna Adi se virata rahate haiN| maiM bhI Aja kA ahorAtra nRtya, saMgIta, vAdya, manoraMjaka dRzya dekhane, mAlA, gandha, zRGgArika paridhAna Adi se virata ho kara bitaauuN| isa aMza meM bhI maiM arhatoM kA anusaraNa kara pAU~gA tathA merA uposatha pUrNa hogaa| 8. arhat jIvana-paryanta U~cI va mahAn zayyA kA tyAga kara, usase virata hokara cArapAI yA caTAI kA nIcA Asana hI kAma meM lete haiN| maiM bhI Aja ahorAtra U~cI va mahAn zayyA kA tyAga kara, usase virata ho, caTAI yA nIcA Asana hI kAma meM luuN| isa aMza meM maiM arhatoM kA anusaraNa kara pAU~gA tathA merA uposatha pUrNa hogaa| "vizAkhe! uparokta vidhi se rakhe gaye uposatha kA mahAn phala hotA hai, mahAna pariNAma hotA hai, mahAn prakAza hotA hai tathA mahAn vistAra hotA hai|" "bhante ! usa uposatha se kitanA mahAn phala, kitanA mahAn pariNAma, kitanA mahAn prakAza tathA kitanA mahAn vistAra hotA hai ?" "vizAkhe ! mahAn sapta ratna-bahula aMga, magadha, kAzI, kozala, vajjI, malla, cedI, baMga, kuru, paMcAla, matsya, zaurasena, azmaka, avantI, gandhAra tathA kamboja Adi mahAjanapadoM kA aizvarya bhI aSTAMga uposatha-vrata ke solahaveM aMza ke barAbara bhI nahIM hotA; kyoMki divya sukha ke samakSa mAnuSI rAjya kA koI mUlya nahIM hai| aSTAMgika uposatha kA pAlana karane vAle strI yA puruSa zarIra chUTane ke anantara cAturmahArAjika, trayastriza, yAma, tuSit, nirmANa-rati, paranirmita-vazavI devatAoM kA sahavAsI ho jaaye| ... candramA aura sUrya donoM sudarzana haiM / jahA~ taka sambhava hotA hai, ve prakAza pheMkate haiM aura andhakAra kA nAza karate haiM / ve antarikSa-gAmI haiM ; ataH AkAza kI sabhI dizAoM ko Alokita karate haiN| jahA~ jo kucha bhI muktA, maNi, vaiDUrya, jAta rUpa va hATaka kahalAne vAlA svarNa, candramA kA prakAza tathA sabhI tArAgaNa uposatha ke solahaveM aMza ke sadRza bhI nahIM hote| sadAcArI nara-nArI uposatha kA pAlana kara, sukha-dAyaka puNya-karma kara, Anandita raha svarga sthAna ko prApta hote haiN|" -aMguttara nikAya, tikanipAta, 70 ke AdhAra se / samIkSA jaina-zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM meM gyArahavA~ "pauSadha vrata" hai| prastuta prakaraNa meM usakA 2010_05 |

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 411 vikRta hI citraNa huA hai aura vikRta hI samIkSA huI hai| pUrva-pazcima Adi dizAoM meM 100 yojana uparAnta pApa na karanA, 'cha? digvi rati vrata' kA sUcaka hai| isameM kucha kI hiMsA aura kacha kI dayA kA doSa batAnA ayathArtha hai| yathAzakya viramaNa kA artha kucha jIvoM kI hiMsA va kucha jIvoM kI dayA nahIM hotaa| pauSadha-vrata meM asatya aura caurya kA doSa bhI batAyA gayA, para, yaha vAg virodha mAtra hai| yathArtha meM pauSadha kA abhiprAya hai - eka ahorAtra ke lie nirgrantha-jIvana jiinaa| usameM bhI itanA vizeSa ki vaha ahorAtra zrAvaka nirjala aura nirAhAra bitAye / buddha ne svayaM jisa tIsarI koTi ke uposaya kA prarUpaNa kiyA hai, usakI bhAvanA meM aura nirgrantha-uposatha kI bhAvanA meM mukhyataH koI antara pratIta nahIM hotaa| unhoMne Arya-uposatha meM ekAhArI rahane kI bAta kahI hai aura nigrantha-uposatha meM nirAhArI rahane kI bAta hai| buddha ne bhI to uposatha nA yahI mAnI hai ki upAsaka eka ahorAtra ke lie arhata-jIvana jiieN| usameM hiMsA asatya, adatta Adi ke ahorAtrika tyAga batalAye haiN| yadi jaina-uposatha meM hiMsA, asatya, adatta Adi ke doSa AyeMge to phira bauddha-uposatha meM kyoM nahIM AyeMge? bauddha-upAsaka bhI to ahorAtra ke pazcAt mAtA ko mAtA aura pitA ko pitA mAnatA hai tathA apane dhana Adi kA upabhoga-paribhoga Adi karatA hai ; jabaki ahorAtra ke lie arhat-jIvana jIte samaya usa saba vyavahAra kA varjana ho gayA thaa| lagatA hai, usa yuga kI yaha bhI eka mukhya carcA rahI hai| jaina-Agama bhagavatI-sUtra' ke anusAra AjIvakoM ne nigaNTha sthaviroM ko aise hI aneka prazna puuche| gautama ne unhIM praznoM ko mahAvIra ke sammukha prastuta kiyaa| mahAvIra ne savistAra una praznoM kA uttara diyaa| ve praznottara isa prakAra hai : "bhante ! upAzraya meM koI zrAvaka sAmAyika-vrata lekara baiThA ho| koI anya puruSa usake bhaNDopakaraNa le jAe / sAmAyika pUrNa kara vaha zrAvaka apane bhaNDopakaraNoM kI khoja karatA hai yA dUsaroM ke bhaNDopakaraNoM kI ?" ___ "gautama ! vaha apane bhaNDopakaraNoM kI gaveSaNA karatA hai, anya ke bhaNDopakaraNoM kI nhiiN|" "bhante ! zIlavata, guNavata, viramaNavrata, pratyAkhyAna aura pauSadhopavAsa meM kyA zrAvaka ke bhaNDa abhaNDa nahIM hote haiM ?" "gautama! ve abhaNDa hote haiN|" "bhante ! aisA phira kisalie kahA gayA ki vaha apane bhaNDa kI gaveSaNA karatA "gautama ! sAmAyika karane vAle zrAvaka ke mana meM AtA hai, 'yaha hiraNya merA nahIM hai, yaha svarNa merA nahIM hai| isI prakAra yaha kAMsya, vastra, dhana, kanaka, ratna, maNi, muktA, zaMkha, zIla, prabAla, vidruma, sphaTika Adi dravya mere nahIM haiN|' sAmAyika-vrata pUrNa hone para mamatva bhAva ke kAraNa vaha aparijJAta banatA hai| isalie he gautama ! yaha kahA gayA ki vaha apane bhaNDa kI gaveSaNA karatA hai, para-bhaNDa kI nhiiN|" 1. 8 / 5 / 677 / 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa: "bhante ! upAzraya meM sAmAyika-vrata karate zrAvaka kI bhAryA kA koI anya puruSa bhoga karatA hai, to vaha usakI bhAryA ko bhogatA hai yA abhAryA ko ?" "gautama ! vaha usakI bhAryA ko bhogatA hai|" "bhante ! zIlavrata, guNavata, poSadhopavAsa Adi ke samaya kyA bhAryA abhAryA nahIM hotI ?" "gautama ! hotI hai|" "bhante ! to yaha kaise kahA gayA ki vaha usakI bhAryA ko bhogatA hai ?" "gautama ! zIlavata, pauSadhopavAsa Adi ke samaya zrAvaka ke mana meM yaha vicAra hotA hai--'yaha merI mAtA nahIM hai, yaha merA pitA nahIM hai, yaha merA bhAI nahIM hai, yaha merI bahina nahIM hai, yaha merI strI nahIM hai, yaha merA putra nahIM hai, yaha merI putrI nahIM hai, yaha merI putra-vadhU nahIM hai|' gautama ! yaha socate samaya bhI usakA prema-bandhana nyucchinna nahIM hotaa| isalie anya puruSa usakI bhAryA kA hI bhoga karatA hai|" kula milA kara ye saba ApekSika kathana haiN| saMgata apekSA meM socane se ye saba saMgata haiM aura asaMgata apekSA meM socane se ye saba virUpa lagate haiN| bauddhoM ne prastuta sutta meM asaMgata apekSAe~ sAmane rakha kara nigaNTha uposatha kA upahAsa kiyA hai| 28. chaH abhijAtiyoM meM nirgrantha eka bAra bhagavAn rAjagRha meM gRdhrakUTa parvata para vihAra karate the| AyuSmAn mAnanda bhagavAn ke samIpa Ae, abhivAdana kiyA aura eka ora baiTha ge| eka ora baiThe Ananda ne bhagavAna se kahA-"bhante ! pUraNa kassapa ne chaH abhijAtiyoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA haikRSNa abhijAti, nIla abhijAti, lohita abhijAti, haridra abhijAti, zukla abhijAti aura pasma zukla abhijAti / pUraNa kassapa ne kRSNa abhijAti meM kasAI, AkheTaka, lubdhaka, matsya-ghAtaka, cora, luNTAka, kArAgRhika aura isa prakAra ke anya krUra karmAntaka logoM ko ginAyA hai| nIla abhijAti meM kaNTakavRttika bhikSuka aura anya karmavAdI, kriyAvAdI logoM ko ginAyA hai| lohita abhijAti meM eka zATaka (eka vastradhArI) nirgranthoM ko ginAyA hai| haridra abhijAti meM zveta vastradhArI gRhastha va acelaka (nirgrantha) zrAvakoM (bhikSuoM) ko ginAyA hai| zukla abhijAti meM AjIvaka aura unake anuyAyiyoM ko ginAyA hai| parama zukla abhijAti meM nanda vatsa, kRza-sAMkRtya aura makkhali gozAla ko ginAyA -aMguttara nikAya, 6-6-57 ke AdhAra se| samIkSA chaH abhijAtiyAM yahAM pUraNa kassapa ke nAma se batAI gaI haiM ; para mUlataH yaha gozA. ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 413 laka dvArA nirUpita haiM / dIgha nikAya ke sAmaJaphala sutta meM, saMyutta nikAya ke khandhavagga meM aura majjhima nikAya ke sandaka sutta meM inheM gozAlaka dvArA nirUpita batAyA gayA hai| pUraNakAzyapa ke nAma se inako prastuta prakaraNa ke atirikta aura kahIM nahIM batAyA gayA hai| tIna samullekha jaba samAna rUpa se milate haiM to isa caturtha samullekha ke sambandha meM yathArthatA yahI lagatI hai ki zAstra-saMkalayitAoM kI bhUla hI se aisA huA hai| isa prakAra kI bhUloM ke aura bhI aneka pramANa tripiTaka-sAhitya meM milate haiN| jaise gozAlaka ke ahetuvAda ko saMyutta nikAya' meM pUraNa kassapa kA batA diyA gayA hai| jAtaka aTThakathA meM pUraNa kassapa ke abhimata ko nigaNTha nAtaputta ke nAma se batA diyA gayA hai| saMyutta nikAya meM gozAlaka ke samagra matavAda kA ullekha pakudha kaccA ke bAda ke antargata kara diyA gayA hai| vahA~ ye cha: abhijAtiyA~ bhI pakudha kaccA kI bAta dI gaI haiM / yahA~ taka ki tripiTakoM ke tibbatI saMskaraNa meM chaH abhijAtiyA~ ajita kesakambalI ke nAma se ullikhita huI haiM / tripiTakoM ke vyAkhyAtA AcArya buddhaghoSa ne bhI aneka sthaloM para abhijAtiyoM kA sambandha kevala gozAlaka se jor3A hai| mUlata: abhijAtiyoM ke gozAlaka kI hone meM eka pramukha pramANa jaina Agama bhagavatI kA hai| vahA~ gozAlaka apane pravRtta-parihAra kA ullekha karate hue batAtA hai ki udAyI ke poTTa-parihAra meM merI zukla-abhijAti thii| abhijAtiyoM sambandhI jitane prakaraNa tripiTakoM meM haiM, usameM sabase adhika prAmANika sAmAphala sutta ko hI mAnA hai| isase bhI yaha puSTa hotA gayA hai ki abhijAtiyoM kA sambandha 1. saMyutta nikAya, khandhaka saMyutta, majjhima paNNAsaka, upayavarga, mahAlisutta, 21-2-1-8 (hindI anuvAda), pR0 352 / 2. DaoN0 vaDavArDa kA bhI kahanA hai-By a quite curious carelessness, the editors of the Kindred Sayings have imputed to Purana Kassapa... the teaching imputed in the Dihga (1-53) to makkhali gosala. He denied hetupaccyo, condition and cause, the efficacy of Karmas. He is ahetuvado, non-causationist. --Book of Kindred Sayings, vol. II, p. 618 3. khaNDa, 5, pR0 227 / 4.23-1-8 / 4. Dr. A.L. Basham, History and Doctrines of Ajivikas p. 22. 6. sumaMgalavilAsinI, khaNDa 1, pR0 162 / 7. zataka 15, sUtra 550 / 5. That is the Dihga Nikaya shows a completeness and consistency lacking in the rest, and perhaps represents the original source of the other sources. -Dr. A.L. Basham, op. cit., p. 23. 2010_05

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414 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 mUlataH gozAlaka se hai aura yahI to kAraNa hai ki abhijAtiyoM meM sarvopari sthAna AjIvakoM aura AjIvaka-pravartakoM kA rahA hai| DaoN0 bAzama kA abhimata hai--pUraNa kassapa vayovRddha dharma-nAyaka thaa| gozAlaka usa samaya taruNa thaa| pUraNa kassapa ne apane mata kA hrAsa aura gozAlaka ke mata kA udaya dekha * navodita mata kI zreSThatA svIkAra kara lii| vaha chaH abhijAtiyoM kA samullekha bhI karane lgaa| DaoN0 bAzama kI yaha dhAraNA yadi sahI hai, taba to tripiTaka-sAhitya meM pUraNa kassaH ke nAma se abhijAtiyoM kA ullekha honA svAbhAvika hai hI, jaisA ki prastuta prakaraNa meM huA hai| arthabheda abhijAtiyoM ke artha meM bhI kucha-kucha bheda DAlA jAtA hai / tIsarI lohita abhijAti meM nigaMThA ekazATakA' aisA pATha hai| DaoN0 hera ne apane aMgrejI anuvAda meM usakA artha 'jaina aura kaupIna (eka vastra) dhArI loka' kiyA hai| DaoN0 bAzama', DaoN. harnale* aura AcArya buddhaghoSa ne isakA artha 'eka vastra pahanane vAle nimrantha' kiyA hai aura yahI yathArthatA ke adhika samIpa lagatA hai| anyatra bhI sarvatra nirgranthoM kA ullekha bauddha-sAhitya meM milatA hai| 8. We may tentatively reconstruct the relations of the prophets as follows: Purana, a heretical leader of long standing, maintaining a fatalistic doctarine with tendencies to antionomianism, came in contant with Makhali Gosala, a younger teacher with doctrines much the same as lis own, but with a more successful appeal to the public, recognising his eclipse, adimitted the superiority of the new teacher and accepted the sixfold classification of men. -bid.p. 90 2. Jains and loin cloth folk. --The Book of Gradual Sayings vol. III, p. 273 3. Red (Lohita)-niganthas, who wear a single garment. -~-Op. cit., p. 243. 4. Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, vol. I, p.262. 5. The Book of Kindred Sayings, vol. III, p. 17 fin. 6. E.W. Burlinghame, Budhist Legends, vol. III, p. 176. ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 415 caturtha haridra abhijAti meM gihI odAtavasanA acelaka sAvakA aisA pATha hai| DaoN0 bAzama ne isakA artha 'acelakoM ke ziSya-zveta vastradhArI ziSya' kiyA hai|' 'acelaka' zabda se unhoMne AjIvakoM kA grahaNa kiyA hai| unakA kahanA hai--"anya sabhI bhikSuoM se AjIvaka gRhasthoM ko yahA~ U~cA batAyA gayA hai|" isa pATha se AcArya buddhaghoSa ne 'nirgrantha zrAvakoM' kA arthagrahaNa kiyA hai / unakA abhimata hai--nirgrantha gRhastha zrAvaka AjIvaka bhikSuoM ko bhI dAna dete the; ata: unakA sthAna nirgrantha bhikSuoM se bhI U~cA rakhA gayA hai| DaoN0 hera ke anusAra isa pATha kA artha hai-'zveta vastradhArI gRhastha aura nagna sAdhuoM ke anuyaayii|"5 kula milA kara yathArtha to yaha lagatA hai ki 'avadAtavasana-gRhI' aura 'acelaka zrAvaka' ye do zabda haiM / gihI odAtavasanA pATha sAmagAma sutta, pAsAdika sutta va saMgIti paryAya-sutta meM bhI AyA hai aura vahA~ nigaMTha nAtaputtasya sAvakA unakA paricAyaka vizeSaNa hai| isase yaha phalita sahaja hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ye 'avadAtavasana-gahI' bhI nigaNTha nAtapatta ke zrAvaka haiN| yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki bauddha paramparA kA yaha samullekha kauna se zrAvaka samudAya kI ora saMketa karatA hai| kyoMki jaina-sAhitya meM zveta-vastradhArI gRhastha zrAvakoM kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| ho sakatA hai, sthavirakalpI muniyoM ke lie yaha saMketa huA ho / pramukhatA jinakalpI sAdhuoM kI rahI ho; ataH unheM nigraMntha ziSya tathA sthavirakalpI muniyoM ko zvetavastradhArI gRhastha ziSya kaha diyA ho / yadyapi 'acelaka.zrAvaka' kA artha DaoN0 hera ne 'acelakaanuyAyI' kiyA hai, para, yahA~ zrAvaka zabda kA artha 'acelaka bhikSuoM kA anuyAyI' hI honA caahie| bauddha paramparA meM 'zrAvaka' zabda bhikSu aura upAsaka ; ina donoM arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai| nagna bhikSuoM kA artha 'nirgrantha bhikSu' hI isalie saMgata hotA hai ki AjIvaka bhikSuoM ko to pAMcavIM abhijAti meM pRthak se ginA hI diyA gayA hai| 8. The householder clad in white robs, the disciples of the Achelakas. -op. cit. p. 139. 2. bid. p. 243 3. This passage also has its obscurities, but seems to refer to Ajivika laymen who are promoted above the ascetics of other communities. -op. cit. p. 243. 4. ayaM attano paccaya-dAyake nigaMThe hi pi jeTThakatare karoti / --sumaMgalavilAsinI, khaNDa 1, pR0 163 tathA Basham op. cit. p. 139. 5. White robed householders and followers of naked ascetics, --The Book of Gradual Sayings, vol. III, p. 273. 6. majjhima nikAya, 3-1-5 / 7. dIgha nikAya, 3 / 6 / 8. vahI, 3 / 10 / 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 paMcama zukla abhijAti meM ginAye gaye AjIvaka AjIvakiniyoM kA artha DaoN0 bAzama ne 'AjIvika bhikSa aura bhikSuNiyoM kiyA hai, jabaki DaoN0 hera ne 'AjIvaka aura unake anuyAyI' kiyA hai / DaoN0 hera kA artha adhika saMgata lagatA hai| : ly'aa jaina paramparA kI chaH lezyAe~ bhAva-bhASA meM cha: abhijAtiyoM ke sAtha bahuta kucha samAnatA rakhatI haiN| inake nAma haiM-kRSNa lezyA, nIla lezyA, kApota lezyA, tejo lekhyA, padma lezyA aura zukla lezyA / vicAra aura pravRtti kI dRSTi se prANiyoM kA vibhAgIkaraNa chaH lezyAoM meM nimna prakAra se hotA hai pA~ca AsravoM meM pravRtta, tInoM guptiyoM se agupta, SaTkAya kI hiMsA meM Asakta, utkaTa bhAvoM se hiMsA karane vAlA, kSudra buddhi, binA vicAre kArya karane vAlA, nirdayI, nRzaMsapApa kRtyoM meM zaMkA-rahita aura ajitendriya manuSya kRSNa lezyA ke antargata haiN| IrSyAlu, kadAgrahI, asahiSNu, atapastrI, avidvAn-~ajJAnI, mAyAvI, nirlajja, viSayI-lampaTa, dveSI, zaTha-dhUrta, pramAdI, rasalolUpI, sukha-gaveSaka, ArambhI, avirata, kSudra aura sAhasika manuSya nIla lezyA ke antargata haiN| vakra vacana bolane vAlA, vakra AcaraNa karane vAlA, chala karane vAlA, asarala, apane doSoM ko chipAne vAlA, mithyAdRSTi, anArya, marma-bhedaka duSTa vacana bolane vAlA, corI va asUyA karane vAlA manuSya kApota lezyA ke antargata hai| __ namratAyukta, acapala, amAyI, akutUhalI, vinayayukta, dAnta, svAdhyAya meM rata, upadhAna Adi tapa karane vAlA, dharmapremI, dRr3hadharmA, pApabhIru tathA hitaiSI-mukti-patha kA gaveSaka manuSya tejI lezyA ke antargata hai| ___ alpa krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha vAlA, prazAnta citta, dAntAtmA, yoga aura upadhAna vAlA, atyalpabhASI, upazAnta aura jitendraya manuSya padmalezyA ke antargata haiN| AtaM-raudra dhyAnoM ko tyAga kara dharma-zukla dhyAnoM kA Asevana karane vAlA, prazAnta citta, dAntAtmA, pAMca samitiyoM se samati, tIna guptiyoM se gupta, alparAgavAn athavA vItarAgI, upazAnta aura jitendriya puruSa zukla lezyA ke antargata haiN| ___ Agama-sAhitya meM lezyAoM kA eka vyavasthita aura vistRta siddhAnta hai / pRthakapRthaka lezyAoM ke varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza batAye gaye haiN| dravya lezyA, bhAva lezyA Adi bheda batAye gaye haiM / deva, nAraka, tiryaJca, manuSya Adi meM kitanI-kitanI lezyAeM sambhava haiM, isakA pUrA byaurA hai| inameM prathama tIna azubha haiM aura agrima tIna zubha haiM / cha: abhijAtiyoM kA itanA vyavasthita aura vistRta svarUpa kahIM nahIM miltaa| 1. White (Sukka)-Ajivikas and Ajivinis (the latter called in the Anguttara Ajivikiniyo). Ajivika ascetics of both sexes. -0p. cit., p. 243. 2. Fakirs and their disciples, -op. cit., d. 273. 3. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, a0 34, gA0 21-32 / ____ 2010_05

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itihA aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 417 lezyA-siddhAnta ke anusAra vaimAnika devoM meM varNa kI apekSA se kramazaH tIna zubha lezyAeM haiN| Agamika ullekha ke anusAra AjIvaka bhikSu mRtyu ke pazcAt bArahaveM svarga taka bhI pahu~ca sakate haiN| tAtparya huA, ve tejas, pama aura zukla; tInoM zubha lezyAe~ pA sakate haiM / AjIvakoM ke kathanAnusAra nigaNTha lohita aura haridra abhijAti meM haiM hii| tejas aura papa-lohita aura haridrA varNa ke hI paryAyavAcI haiN| DaoN. harmana jekobI tathA DaoN. bAzama kA abhimata hai ki mahAvIra ne lezyAoM kA sidAnta gozAlaka ko abhijAtiyoM para hI khar3A kiyA hai| para, kalpanA se adhika usakA koI AdhAra nahIM lgtaa| mahAvIra kI lezyAoM se gozAlaka ne chaH abhijAtiyA~ lI hoM, yaha bhI to utanI hI sambhava kalpanA hai / 'mahAvIra ne gozAlaka se bahuta kucha sIkhA' isa vicAra kA nirAkaraNa 'gozAlaka' prakaraNa meM kiyA hI jA cukA hai| DaoN0 bAzama kA tarka hai ki lezyA siddhAnta bahuta vistRta aura vyavasthita hai, isalie bhI socA jA sakatA hai ki vaha chaH abhijAtiyoM kA vikasita rUpa hai| sambhava sthiti to yaha lagatI hai ki pArzva-paramparA ke aneka siddhAnta AjIvaka, bauddha, jaina Adi zramaNa-paramparAoM meM Aye haiM, unameM eka yaha bhI ho sakatA hai| pauDa mabhijAtiyAM puruSoM ke karma ke AdhAra para vargIkaraNa kA vicAra usa samaya bahuta pracalita thaa| gozAlaka aura mahAvIra kI taraha buddha ne bhI vaisA vargIkaraNa kiyA / Ananda ne pUraNakassapa dvArA abhihita chaH abhijAtiyoM ke viSaya meM buddha se pUchA, to unhoMne kahA- yaha mUrkha aura abuddhimAna logoM ke lie hai| maiM cha: abhijAtiyAM isa prakAra kahatA hU~ 1. kRSNa abhijAti-kRSNadharma-koI puruSa nIca kula meM paidA hotA hai; caNDAlakUla meM, vena-kala meM niSAda-kUla meM, rathakAra-kUla meM, pUkkasa-kUla meM, daridra aura baDI taMgI se rahane vAle nirdhana-kula meM, jahA~ khAnA-pInA bar3I taMgI se milatA hai| vaha durvarNa, na dekhane lAyaka, nATA aura marIja hotA hai| vaha kAnA, lUlhA, la~gar3A yA luMja hotA hai / use anna, pAna, vastra, savArI, mAlA, gandha, vilepana, zayyA, ghara, pradIpa kucha prApta nahIM hotA hai| vaha zarIra se durAcaraNa karatA hai, vacana se durAcaraNa karatA hai, mana se durAcaraNa karatA hai| ina durAcaraNoM ke kAraNa yahA~ se mara kara apAya meM par3a, bar3I durgati ko prApta karatA hai| yaha 'kRSNa-abhijAti-kRSNa-dharma' vAlA hai| * 2. kRSNa-abhijAti-zukla-dharma-koI puruSa nIca kula ..... prApta nahIM hotaa| vaha zarIra se sadAcAra karatA hai, vacana se sadAcAra karatA hai, mana se sadAcAra karatA 1. dekheM 'gozAlaka' prakaraNa ke antargata, pR0 42-31 / 2. DaoN0 bAzama ne 'haridrA' kA artha 'harA' (Green) kiyA hai| (OP. cit p. 243); vastutaH 'haridrA' kA artha 'pIta, honA caahie| R. S. B. E., vol XIV, introduction, p. XXX. 4, OP. citi, p. 245. 2010_05

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418 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 hai / ina sadAcAroM ke kAraNa yahA~ se mara kara svarga meM utpanna ho sugati ko prApta karatA hai / yaha 'kRSNa- abhijAti - zukla dharma' vAlA hai / 3. kRSNa abhijAti-na kRSNa, na zukla (dharma) arthAt nirvANa ko prApta karane vAlA - koI puruSa nIca kula meM paidA hotA hai aura dAr3hI-keza muMDavA kara, ghara se beghara ho pravrajita hotA hai aura nAnA sAdhanAoM se nirvANa prApta karatA hai / yaha kRSNa abhijAtinirvANa -na zukla, na kRSNa prApta karane vAlA hai / 4. zukla abhijAti - kRSNa dharma - koI puruSa U~ce kula meM utpanna hotA hai, U~ce kSatriya kula meM, brAhmaNa kula meM gRhapati kula meM, dhanADhya, mahAdhana, mahAbhoga vAle kula meN| vaha sundara, darzanIya, sApha aura bar3A rUpavAn hotA hai / anna-pAna yatheccha lAbha karatA hai / vaha zarIra se durAcaraNa Adi kara durgati ko prApta hotA hai / 5. zukla abhijAti - zukla-dharma- koI puruSa U~ce kula meM utpanna ho, zarIra se sadAcAra Adi kara sugati ko prApta hotA hai / 6. zukla abhijAti - nirvANa arthAt na kRSNa, na zukla -- koI puruSa U~ce kula meM utpanna ho, pravrajita ho kara nirvANa prApta karatA hai| gozAlaka kI abhijAtiyA~ vartamAna jIvana se hI sambandhita haiM, jaba ki mahAvIra kA lezyA vicAra tathA buddha kI abhijAtiyA~ paraloka se bhI sambandhita haiM / buddha ne cha: abhijAtiyA~ kahA~ se lIM, isakA uttara apane Apa meM spaSTa hai hI ki vAtAvaraNa meM abhijAtiyA~ kI carcA thI; ataH buddha ne bhI prakArAntara se unakA nirUpaNa kiyA / 26. saccaka nigaNThaputra eka samaya bhagavAn gautama vaizAlI kI mahAvana kI kUTAgArazAlA meM vihAra kara rahe the / bhagavAn pUrvAhna ke samaya vastra dhAraNa kara, pAtra cIvara le bhikSA ke lie vaizAlI meM praviSTa honA cAhate the / saccaka nigaNThaputra jaMghA - vihAra ke lie anuvicaraNa karatA huA kUTAgArazAlA meM gayA | AyuSmAn Ananda ne use dUra se hI Ate hue dekhA / bhagavAn ko isakI sUcanA dI aura kahA - "bhante ! saccaka nigaNThaputra A rahA hai| yaha bahuta pralApI, paNDitamAnI va bahujana sammAnita hai / yaha buddha, dharma va saMgha kI nindA cAhane vAlA hai / acchA ho, yadi thor3e samaya bhagavAn kRpA kara yahIM ThahareM / " bhagavAn biche Asana para baiTha gaye / saccaka nigaNThaputra bhagavAn ke pAsa AyA / bhagavAn se yathAyogya kuzala prazna pUcha kara eka ora baiTha gayA / nAnA Ter3he mer3he prazna pUche aura gaharI carcA clii| bhagavAn buddha ne una sabakA hI savistAra uttara diyA / gautama buddha ke uttaroM se vaha bahuta prabhAvita huA / usane kahA-" Azcarya hai, bho gautama ! adbhuta hai, mo gautama ! maiMne Apako cir3hA-cir3hA kara tAne de de kara cubhane vAle vacana prayoga se prazna pUche, kintu ApakA mukha varNa vaisA hI svaccha va prasanna hai, jaisA ki arhat samyak sambuddha kA hotA hai / gautama ! maiMne pUraNakassapa makkhali gozAla ajita ke sakambalI, pakudha kaccAyanA saMjaya velaTThiputra va nigaNTha nAtaputta ke sAtha bhI zAstrArtha kiyA hai / ve dUsarI- dUsarI bAteM hI karate haiM, viSaya se bAhara nikala jAte haiM aura kopa, dveSa tathA aprasannatA prakaTa karane lagate haiM / kintu Apako maiMne itanA cir3hA-trir3hA kara bhI kahA, tathApi ApakA mukha varNaM svaccha va prasanna hai / gautama ! aba hama jaayeNge| hameM bahu- karaNIya haiM / " 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 416 saccaka nigaNThaputra bhagavAn ke bhASaNa kA abhinandana va anumodana kara Asana se uTha kara calA gyaa| -majjhima nikAya, mahAsaccaka suttanta, 1-4-6 AdhAra se| samIkSA jana-paramparA meM isa nAma kA koI vyakti nahIM miltaa| majjhima nikAya meM batAyA gayA hai- saccaka nigaMThaputta pralApI, paNDitamAnI aura bahuta logoM se sammAnita thaa| vaha kahA karatA thA-'maiM aise kisI zramaNa, brAhmaNa, saMghapati, gaNAcArya va svayaM ko arhat samyag sambaddha kahane vAle ko bhI nahIM dekhatA, jo mere sAtha vAda-vivAda meM kampita, saMprakampita na ho, jisakI kA~kha se pasInA na chUTane lge| yadi maiM acetana stambha se bhI zAstrArtha karUM, to vaha bhI kampita, saMprakampita, saMpravedhita hogaa| manuSya kI to bAta hI kyA ?' buddha ke sAtha mahatI pariSad meM usane zAstrArtha kiyA / anta meM vahI niruttara rhaa| buddha ne kahA- dekha, mere to zarIra meM pasInA nahIM hai, tere lalATa para pasInA AyA hai|" anta meM buddha ke prati natamastaka ho, usane buddha ko apane yahA~ bhojana ke lie AmaMtrita kiyaa| licchaviyoM ne usI rAta pA~ca sau sthAlIpAka (sIdhA) usake ArAma meM bheja diye| usane bhojana banavA. baddha va bhikSa-saMgha ko tapta kiyaa| sAtha-sAtha yaha bhI kahA -"bhagavan ! isa dAna kA phala licchaviyoM ko mile|" buddha ne kahA-'avItarAga, avItadveSa va avItamoha ko dene meM jo puNya hotA hai, vaha unheM milegA aura vItarAga, vItadveSa va vItamoha ko dene meM jo puNya hotA hai, vaha tujhe milegA arthAt unhoMne yaha dAna tujhe diyA hai aura tUne yaha dAna mujhe diyA hai| majhima nikAya aTThakathA meM AcArya buddhaghoSa ne batAyA hai-''eka nigaMTha aura nigaMThI bahata vivAdazIla the| donoM meM vivAda ThanA / eka-dUsare ko koI na harA sakA / licchaviyoM ne samajhaute ke rUpa meM donoM kA vivAha karA diyaa| cAra putriyA~ huIM, jo sAriputra se vivAda meM parAsta ho bhikSuNiyAM bana gii| usI nigaMTha-dampatI kI pAMcavIM santAna ke rUpa meM yaha saccaka paidA huaa| nigaMTha-nigaMThI kA putra hone se vaha saccaka nigaMThaputra khlaayaa|"2 baddha ne ise sambodhana meM sarvatra hI 'agnivaizyAyana' kahA hai| yaha isakA gotra thaa| mahAvIra ko bhI piTaka-sAhitya meM kucha eka sthaloM para 'agnivaizyAyana' kahA gayA hai| ho sakatA hai, piTakoM ke saMkalana-kAla meM nigaMThaputra ke agnivaizyAyana nAma kA viparyAsa mahAvIra ke sAtha ho gayA ho| DaoN0 jekobI kA kahanA hai-sudharmA ke agnivazyAyana gotrI hone ke kAraNa yaha viparyAsa huA hai| para 'nigaNTha nAtaputra' aura 'nigaNThaputra' ke nAma-sAmya meM isa viparyAsa kI adhika sambhavatA lagatI hai| 1. majjhima nikAya, cUlasaccaka sutt| 2. majjhima nikAya, aTThakathA, 1-450 / 3. dIgha nikAya, sAmaJaphala sutt| 8. S, B. E., vol XLV, introduction, p. XXI. 2010_05

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420 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa:1 saccaka nigaNThaputra ne jo vistRta carcAeM buddha ke sAtha kI haiM, una carcAoM se yaha jarA bhI pratIta nahIM hotA ki vaha koI nigaMTha-mAnyatA kA anuyAyI rahA ho| kAyika aura mAnasika bhAvanA kI carcA meM bhI usane kAyika bhAvanA kA sambandha gozAlaka se jor3A hai| prastuta mahAsaccaka sutta meM to saccaka ne mahAvIra kI kutsA hI abhivyakta kI hai| jainaparamparA se sambandhita yaha koI mahattvapUrNa vyakti hotA, to avazya kahIM Agama-sAhitya yA kathA-sAhitya meM ullikhita hotaa| isa sthiti meM buddhaghoSa kI dhAraNA kiMvadantI se adhika mahattva nahIM rkhtii| 30. anAzvAsika brahmacarya-vAsa eka bAra bhagavAna buddha kauzAmbI ke ghoSitArAma meM vihAra kara rahe the| usa samaya pA~ca sau parivrAjakoM kI mahApariSad ke sAtha sandaka parivrAjaka plakSa guhA meM vAsa karatA thaa| AyuSmAn Ananda sAyaMkAlIna dhyAna se nivRtta ho bhikSu-parivAra ke sAtha devakaTa sonma ko dekhane ke lie gaye / sandaka parivrAjaka apanI pariSad se ghirA baiThA thA aura cAroM ora nAnA prakAra kI kathAoM se kolAhala ho rahA thaa| sandaka parivrAjaka ne dUra hI se AyuSmAn Ananda ko apanI ora Ate hue dekhA / apanI pariSad ko sAvadhAna karate hue kahA-"Apa saba cupa ho jaayeN| zabda na ho / zramaNa gautama kA zrAvaka zramaNa Ananda A rahA hai| zramaNa gautama ke kauzAmbI meM jitane zrAvaka vAsa karate haiM, unameM zramaNa Ananda bhI eka hai| ye zramaNa niHzabda-premI va alpa zabda-prazaMsaka haiN| pariSad ko zAnta dekha kara sambhavataH ye idhara bhI aayeN|" sabhI parivrAjaka zAnta ho gaye / AyuSmAn Ananda sandaka parivrAjaka ke pAsa aaye| sandaka ne unakA svAgata kiyA aura kahA-"bahuta samaya bAda Apa idhara Aye haiN| yaha Asana bichA hai, Apa baittheN|" AyuSmAn Ananda Asana para baiTha gaye / sandaka parivrAjaka bhI nIcA Asana lekara baiTha gyaa| vArtA kA Arambha karate hue Ananda ne pUchA-"sandaka ! kisa kathA meM baiThe the? kyA vaha kathA adhUrI hI raha gaI ?" sandaka parivrAjaka ne usa prasaMga ko bIca hI meM kATate hue kahA--"ina kathAoM ko Apa yahIM chor3a diijiye| Apake lie ina kathAoM kA zravaNa anyatra bhI durlabha nahIM hogaa| acchA ho, Apa hI apanI AcAryaka viSayaka kathAeM kheN|" AyuSmAn Ananda ne kahanA Arambha kiyA-"sandaka ! jJAtA, draSTA, samyak sambuddha bhagavAna ne cAra abrahmacarya-vAsa aura cAra anAzvAsika-brahmacarya-vAsa batalAye haiM, jinameM vijJa puruSa brahmacarya-vAsa svIkAra nahIM karatA aura svIkAra karane para vaha nyAya tathA kuzala dharma ko nahIM paataa|" prathama, dvitIya, tRtIya aura caturtha abrahmacarya-vAsa kA vistRta vivecana karate hue AyuSmAn Ananda ne kramazaH ajita kesakambalI, pUraNa kassapa, makkhali gozAla aura pakudha kaccAyana ke matavAdoM kA ullekha kiyA aura unheM hI ukta abrahmacarya-vAsoM meM ginaayaa| cAra AnAzvAsika bahmacarya-vAsa kA varNana karate hue prathama anAzvAsika brahmacarya-vAsa ke antargata Ananda ne nigaNTha nAtaputta ke matavAda kA ullekha kiyaa| unhoMne kahA-"yahA~ eka zAstA aisA hai, jo sarvajJa, sarvadazI, azeSa jJAna-darzana-yukta hone kA adhikArapUrvaka kathana karatA hai| usake ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 421 anusAra use calate, khar3e, sote, jAgate sadA-sarvadA jJAna pratyupasthita rahatA hai| to bhI vaha sUne ghara meM jAtA hai aura vahA~ bhikSA nahIM paataa| use kukkuTa bhI kATa khAtA hai| caNDa hAthI, caNDa ghor3e aura caNDa baila se bhI usakA sAmanA ho jAtA hai| sarvajJa hone para bhI vaha strI-purUSoM ke nAma-gotra pUchatA hai, grAma nigama kA nAma aura mArga pUchatA hai / jaba unheM yaha pUchA jAtA hai ki sarvajJa hokara Apa kyA kahate haiM, to ve uttara dete haiM-'sUne ghara meM jAnA hamArA prArabdha thA, ataH gaye / bhikSA na milanA bhI prArabdha thA, ata: na milI / kukkuTa kA kATanA bhI prArabdha thaa,| caNDa hAthI, ghor3e aura baila kA milanA bho prArabdha thaa|' sandaka ! vijJa puruSa kA taba yaha cintana ubharatA hai ki jahA~ zAstA aise dAvA karate haiM, vahA~ brahmacarya-vAsa anAzvAsika hai aura usase usakA mana udAsa hokara haTa jAtA hai / yaha prathama anAzvAsika-brahmacaryavAsa hai|" isI prakAra AyuSmAn Ananda ne dvitIya, tRtIya aura caturtha AnAzvAsika brahmacaryavAsa kA varNana kiyA aura caturtha meM saMjaya velaTThiputta ke bAda kA ullekha kiyaa| -majjhima nikAya, sandaka suttanta, 2-3-6 ke AdhAra se| samIkSA yahAM ajita kezakambalI Adi cAra ko abrahmacarya vAsa meM mAnA hai / abrahmacarya-vAsa kA abhiprAya hai- asaMnyAsa / mahAvIra ko anAzvAsika brahmacarya-vAsa meM mAnA hai arthAt vaha saMnyAsa to hai, para, nirvANa kA AzvAsana dene vAlA nhiiN| kula milA kara yaha to kahA hI jA sakatA hai, buddha kI dRSTi meM nigaNTha nAtaputta anya dharmanAyakoM kI apekSA to zreSTha hI the| sarvajJatA-sambandhI samullekhoM kI samIkSA prAktana prakaraNoM meM kI jA cukI hai|' 31. vibhinna matoM ke deva eka bAra bhagavAn buddha rAjagRha ke veluvana kalandaka nivApa meM vihAra kara rahe the| dUsare matAvalambI zrAvaka devaputra, asama, sahalI, nika, AkoTaka, beTambarI aura mANava gAmiya rAta bItane para veluvana ko camatkRta karate hue bhagavAn ke pAsa Aye aura abhivAdana kara eka aura khar3e ho gye| ___asama devaputra ne pUraNa kassapa kI stuti meM kahA- "yadi koI puruSa kisI ko mAratA hai yA kisI ko naSTa karatA hai to pUraNa kassapa usameM koI puNya-pApa nahIM smjhte| unake batAye hue siddhAnta vizvasanIya haiN| ve mahAna sammAna ke pAtra haiN|" sahalI devaputra ne makkhali gozAlA kI stuti meM kahA-"ve kaThina tapazcaraNa aura pApa-jugupsA se saMyata, maunI, kalaha-tyAgI, zAnta, doSa-virata, satyavAdI hai / unake jaise puruSa kabhI pApa nahIM kara skte|" nika devaputra ne nigaNTha nAtaputta kI smRti meM kahA-"ve pApoM se ghRNA karane vAle, catura, bhikSu, cAra yAmoM se susaMvRtta haiM / dRSTa va zruta kA AkhyAna karate haiN| unameM kyA pApa kA avakAza ho sakatA hai ?" ' dekheM- 'kaivalya aura bodhi' prakaraNa ke arntagata 'avalokana' (pR0 192-3) 2010_05

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422 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 AkoTaka devaputra ne nAnA tairthikoM kI stuti meM kahA-"pakudha kAtyAyana, nigaNTha nAtaputta, makkhali gozAla, pUraNa kassapa Adi zrAmaNya-paryAya meM ramaNa karane vAle gaNanAyaka haiM / satpuruSoM se ye kaise dUra jA sakate haiM ?" __ veTambarI devaputra ne AkoTeka devaputra kA pratirodha karate hue kahA-'huMA-hu~A kara rone vAlA tuccha siyAra siMha ke sadRza nahIM ho sktaa| nagna, asatyavAdI ye gaNAcArya, jinake calane meM sandeha kiyA jA sakatA hai, sajjanoM ke sadRza kabhI nahIM ho skte|" mAra ne veTambarI devaputra meM praveza kara bhagavAn ke samakSa kahA-"jo tapa aura duSkara kriyA ke anuSThAna meM lage haiM aura unakA vicArapUrvaka pAlana karate haiM tathA jo sAMsArika rUpa meM Asakta haiM, devaloka meM Ananda lUTane vAle haiM, ve hI paraloka ko banAne kA acchA upadeza dete haiN|" bhagavAn buddha samajha gaye, yaha mAra bola rahA hai| unhoMne uttara meM kahA-"rAjagRha ke parvatoM meM jaise vipula parvata, himAlaya ke zikharoM meM zveta' parvata, AkAza-gAmiyoM meM sUrya, jalAzayoM meM samudra, nakSatroM meM candramA zreSTha haiM; vaise hI devagaNa-sahita samagra loka meM buddha agragaNya haiN|" -saMyutta nikAya, nAnAtitthiya sutta, 2-3-10 ke AdhAra se| samIkSA devoM ke dharma-carcA meM rasa lene kA ullekha AgamoM meM bhI yatra-tatra milatA hai| kuNDa. kolika se carcA karane vAlA deva gozAlaka kI dharma-prajJapti ko mAnane vAlA thA, jaba ki kuNDakolika mahAvIra kI dharma-prajJapti meM vizvAsa karatA thaa| zakaDAlaputra ko sandeza dene vAlA deva mahAvIra kA anuyAyI pratIta hotA hai, jaba ki taba taka zakaDAlaputra gozAlaka kA anuyAyI thaa| 32. piMgalakoccha brAhmaNa eka samaya bhagavAna buddha zrAvastI meM anAthapiNDika ke jetavana meM vihAra kara rahe the| piMgalakoccha brAhmaNa bhagavAn ke pAsa gayA / kuzala-prazna pUcha kara eka ora baiTha gyaa| piMgalakoccha ne bhagavAna se kahA- "gautama ! pUraNakassapa, makkhali gozAla, ajita kesa kambalI, pakudha kaccAyana, saMjaya velaTThiputta aura nigaMTha nAtaputta saMghapati, gaNapati, gaNAcArya, prasiddha, yazasvI, tIrthaGkara haiN| kyA ye sabhI apane vAda ko samajhate haiM yA nahIM samajhate yA koI-koI samajhate haiM yA koI-koI nahIM samajhate haiM ?" buddha ne uttara diyA- "brAhmaNa ! isa prasaMga ko yahIM rahane do| maiM tujhe upadeza detA huuN| tU use suna aura hRdayaMgama kr|" 1. 'kailAza'-saMyutta nikAya atttthkthaa| 2. dekheM, 'gozAlaka' prakaraNa ke antargata pR0 33-4 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaSTha nAtAputta 423 piMgalakoccha brAhmaNa lIna hokara baiTha gayA aura bhagavAn buddha ne use vistAra se dharma -majjhimanikAya, cUla sAropama suttanta, 1-3-10 ke AdhAra se / kathA kahI / samIkSA yaha buddha kI apanI vizeSa zailI rahI hai ki ulajhana bhare praznoM ko ve bar3I caturatA se TAla dete / aneka sthaloM para unhoMne aisA kiyA hai / 33. jaTila sutta eka bAra bhagavAn buddha zrAvastI meM vizAkhA mRgAra-mAtA ke pUrvArAma prAsAda meM vihAra kara rahe the| buddha sAyaMkAlIna dhyAna sampanna kara bAhara baiThe hue the / kozala- rAja prasenajit bhagavAn ke pAsa AyA aura abhivAdana kara eka ora baiTha gayA / usa samaya kA~kha meM keza va nAkhUna bar3hAye sAta jaTila, sAta nigaNTha, sAta nagna, sAta ekazATika aura sAta parivrAjaka nAnA sAmagrI lie bhagavAn ke nikaTa se gujre| prasenajit kauzala Asana se uThA, eka kandhe para uttarIya ko vyavasthita kiyA, dAhine ghuTane ko bhUmi para TikA jaTila, nigaNTha Adi jisa ora jA rahe the, usa ora usane karabaddha ho tIna bAra apanA nAma sunaayaa| unameM se koI nahIM rukaa| sabhI cale gae / rAjA punaH bhagavAn ke pAsa AyA aura usane pUchA - "bhante ! loka meM jo arhat yA arhat-mArga para ArUr3ha haiM, kyA ye unameM se bhI eka haiM ?" buddha ne uttara diyA - "mahArAja ! Apane to galata samajha liyA / ye to gRhastha, kAma bhogI, bAla-baccoM meM rahane vAle, kAzI kA candana lagAne vAle, mAlA- gandha va ubaTana kA prayoga karane vAle aura parigraha baTorane vAle haiM / arhat yA arhat-mArga para ArUr3ha inameM se koI nahIM hai / rAjan ! sAtha rahane se, bahuta samaya taka sAtha rahane se aura sadaiva isa ora dhyAna rakhane se prajJAvAn puruSa ke dvArA hI kisI kA zIla jAnA jA sakatA hai / isI prakAra vyavahAra se hI kisI kI prAmANikatA kA, vipatti Ane para sthiratA kA aura vArtAlApa se hI prajJA kA prajJAvAn puruSa anumAna lagA pAtA hai / " rAjA ne sahasA kahA - "bhante ! Azcarya hai / Apane samyak hI batalAyA / inameM se koI bhI arhat yA arhat-mArga para ArUr3ha nahIM hai / ye to mere guptacara haiM / kahIM kA bheda le kara A rahe haiM / inase maiM bheda le letA hU~ aura vaisA hI samajhatA hU~ / aba ye bhasma Adi ko gho DAleMge, snAna kareMge, ubaTana kareMge, bAla banavAyeMge, ujjvala vastra pahaneMge aura pAMca prakAra ke kAma-guNoM kA upabhoga kareMge / " bhagavAn ke mu~ha se gAthAeM nikAlIM- veza-bhUSA se manuSya nahIM jAnA jAtA / bAhya AvaraNa ko dekha kara hI kisI meM vizvAsa mata karo / saMyama kA svAMga raca kara duSTa loga bhI vicaraNa karate haiM / nakalI, miTTI yA lohe ke bane aura sone ke jhola car3he kuNDala ke samAna kitane hI vyakti sAdhutA kA doMgA pahina kara ghUmate haiM / ve andara se maile aura bAhara se camakate haiM / saMyukta nikAya, jaTilasutta, 3-2-1 ke AdhAra se / 2010_05

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424 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 samIkSA yaha prasaMga tAtkAlika rAja-vyavasthA kA bahuta hI gUr3ha paricaya detA hai| guptacara vibhinna matoM ke sAdhu bana kara guptacaratA karate, yaha eka adbhuta-sI bAta hai| 34. pammika upAsaka aisA maiMne sunA eka samaya bhagavAn zrAvastI meM anAthapiNDika ke jetavanArAma meM vihAra karate the, usa samaya dhammika upAsaka pA~ca sau upAsakoM ke sAtha jahAM bhagavAn the, vahA~ gyaa| pAsa jA bhagavAn ko abhivAdana kara eka ora baiTha gyaa| eka ora baiThe dhammika upAsaka ne gAthAoM meM bhagavAn se kahA "mahAprajJa gautama ! maiM Apase pUchatA hU~ ki kisa AcAraNa kA zrAvaka acchA hotA hai ? ghara se nikala kara beghara hone vAlA yA gRhastha upAsaka ? "deva-sahita logoM kI gati aura vimukti ko Apa hI jAnate haiM / Apake samAna nipuNa arthadarzI koI nahIM hai| (loga) Apa hI ko uttama buddha batAte haiM / "Apane dharma-sambandhI pUrA jJAna prApta kara anukampA-pUrvaka prANiyoM ko (vaha) prakAzita kiyA hai| sarvadarzI ! Apa (avidyA-rUpI) parde se mukta haiM, nirmala rUpa se sAre saMsAra meM suzobhita haiN| "Apako 'jina' suna kara 'airAvaNa' nAmaka hastirAja Apake pAsa AyA thaa| vaha bhI Apase vArtAlApa kara (dharma) suna kara prasanna ho, prazaMsA kara calA gyaa| ___ "rAjA vaizravaNa kubera bhI dharma pUchane ke lie Apake pAsa AyA thaa| dhIra ! Apane usake prazna kA bhI uttara diyA aura vaha bhI (Apa kI bAta) suna kara prasanna ho calA gyaa| "jitane bhI vAdI taithika, AjIvaka aura nigrantha haiM, ve saba prajJA meM Apako vaise hI nahIM pA sakate, jaise ki zIghra calane vAle ko khar3A rahane vaalaa|" -suttanipAta, cUlavagga, dhammika sutta (hindI anuvAda), pR0 75,77 ke AdhAra se / samIkSA yahA~ buddha kI prazaMsA karate hue nigaNThoM kA ullekha mAtra kiyA gayA hai| sutta nipAtaaTakathA ke anusAra ye pAMca sau bauddha upAsaka AkAzagAminI vidyA ke dhAraka the va 'anAgAmI' the| 35. mahAbodhikumAra vArANasI meM brahmadatta kA rAjya-zAsana thaa| kAzI rASTra meM assI karor3a kI sampatti vAlA mahAdhanika udIcya brAhmaNa-kula thaa| bodhisattva usa kula meM utpanna hue| unakA nAma bodhikumAra rakhAgayA / bar3e hone para ve takSazilA gaye, zilpa sIkhA aura ghara lauTa Aye / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtAputta 425 bahuta varSoM bAda sAMsArika sukhoM ko ThukarA kara ve himAlaya cale gaye / parivrAjaka bana kara phala-mUla khAte hue vahA~ rahane lge| bahuta varSa bIta gaye / eka bAra varSA Rtu meM himAlaya se utre| cArikA karate hue kramazaH vArANasI phuNce| rAjA ke udyAna meM Thahare / agale dina parivrAjaka-vidhi se bhikSATana karate hue rAja-dvAra para phuNce| gavAkSa meM khar3e rAjA ne unheM dUra se hI dekhA, to vaha unakI zAnta prakRti se bahuta prabhAvita huaa| unheM apane bhavana meM lAyA aura rAja-siMhAsana para bitthaayaa| kuzala-kSema ke anantara dharmopadeza sunA aura zreSTha bhojana prosaa| bodhisattva jaba bhojana kara rahe the, unhoMne socA-'rAja-kula meM doSa bahuta hote haiN| zatru bhI bahuta rahate haiM / Apatti Ane para yahA~ merI rakSA kauna karegA ?' unhoMne cAroM ora dRSTi ddaalii| kucha hI dUrI para khar3A, rAja-priya eka piMgala varNa kuttA unheM dikhalAI diyaa| bodhisattva bhAta kA eka bar3A golA use denA cAhate the| rAjA ne unake isa iMgita ko samajha liyaa| usane kutte kA bartana ma~gavAyA aura usameM mAta DAlA / bodhisattva ne apane hAthoM vaha bartana kutte ko diyA aura apanA bhojana samApta kiyaa| rAjA ne bodhisattva se apane yahAM nairantarika pravAsa kI bhAvamarI prArthanA kii| bodhisattva ne use svIkAra kiyaa| rAjA ne unake lie rAjodyAna meM parNazAlA banavAI, parivrAjaka kI samasta AvazyakatAoM se use pUrNa kiyA aura unheM vahA~ bsaayaa| rAjA pratidina do-tIna bAra unakI sevA meM aataa| bhojana ke samaya unheM rAja-siMhAsana para hI baiThAtA aura ve rAjA kA bhojana hI grahaNa karate / kramazaH bAraha varSa bIta gye| rAjA ke pAMca amAtya the, jo rAjya kI artha aura dharma-sambandhI anuzAsanA karate the| ve kramaza: ahetuvAdI, Izvara-kartRtvavAdI, pUrvakRtavAdI, ucchedavAdI tathA kSatavidhavAdI the| ahetuvAdI janatA ko sikhalAtA thA; ye prANI saMsAra meM aise hI utpanna hote haiN| IzvarakartRtvavAdI janatA ko sikhalAtA thA; yaha saMsAra Izvara dvArA nirmita hai| pUrvakRtavAdI janatA ko sikhalAtA thA; prANiyoM ko jo sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti hotI hai, vaha pUrvakRta karmoM ke anusAra hI hotI hai| ucchedavAdI janatA ko sikhalAtA thA; yahA~ se koI paraloka nahIM jaataa| isa loka kA yahIM uccheda ho jAtA hai / kSatavidhavAdI kI zikSA thI; mAtA-pitA ko mAra kara bhI apanA svArtha-sAdhana karanA caahie| rAjA ke dvArA ve nyAyAdhIza ke padoM para niyukta the| rizvata khA kara ve asatya nirNaya dete the| eka dvArA adhikRta vastu yA bhUmi ko anya ke adhIna kara dete the| isa taraha ve satya kA galA ghoMTa rahe the aura apanA artha-bhaNDAra bhI bharate jA rahe the| eka bAra eka vyakti ne kisI vyakti para jhUThA abhiyoga lgaayaa| una nyAyAdhIzoM ne vAstavikatA ke viruddha nirNaya diyaa| saccA hAra gayA / bodhisattva bhikSA ke lie rAjagRha meM praveza kara rahe the| usa ne unheM dekhA to rotA huA vaha unake pAsa AyA aura praNAma karate hue kahA-"bhante ! Apa rAja-gRha meM bhojana karate haiN| nyAyAdhIza rizvata lekara jaba saMsAra kA vinAza kara rahe haiM to Apa upekSAzIla kyoM haiM ? pA~coM nyAyAdhIzoM ne jhUThe abhiyoktA se rizvata le kara mujhe apane svAmitva se vaMcita kara diyA hai|" bodhisattva ne usake prati karuNA dikhalAI / nyAyAlaya meM gaye, ucita nirNaya karavAyA aura use apanA svAmitva dilvaayaa| janatA gagana-bhedI zabdoM meM eka bAra 'sAdhu', 'sAdhu' pukAra utthii| janatA kA kolAhala rAjA ke kAnoM taka phuNcaa| rAjA ne usake bAre meM jijJAsA 2010_05

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426 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa:1 kI / anucaroM ne paristhiti se use avagata kiyA / bodhisattva jaba bhojana kara cuke to rAjA ne unake upapAta meM baiTha kara pUchA--"bhante ! kyA Aja Apane kisI abhiyoga kA nirNaya diyA thA ?" "hA~, mahArAja !" "bhante ! yadi Apa isa kArya ko apane hAtha meM le leM, to janatA kI unnati hogii| merA nivedana hai, aba se Apa hI nyAyAdhIza kA pada smbhaaleN|" "mahArAja ! hama pravajita haiN| yaha hamArA kArya nahIM hai|' "bhante ! janatA para anugrahazIla ho kara aisA kreN| Apa pUrA samaya isa kArya meM na lgaayeN| prAtaH udyAna se yahA~ Ate samaya aura bhojana kara udyAna ko lauTate samaya cAra-cAra abhiyogoM kA nirNaya deN| isa prakAra janatA kI abhivRddhi hogii|" rAjA ke puna:-punaH anurodha karane para bodhisattva ne usa prastAva ko svIkAra kara liyaa| ve pratidina ATha-ATha abhiyogoM kA nirNaya dene lge| bodhisattva kI upasthiti se jhUThe abhiyuktoM kI dAla galanI banda ho gaI aura amAtyoM ke rizvata ke dvAra sarvathA banda ho gye| kramaza: ve nirdhana hote gye| amAtyoM ne bodhisattva ke viruddha eka Sar3ayaMtra rcaa| ve rAjA ke pAsa Aye aura unase kahA-"bodhi-parivrAjaka ApakA ahita-cintaka hai|" rAjA ne isa kathana para koI dhyAna nahIM diyaa| upekSA dikhAte hue kahA-"yaha sadAcArI hai, jJAnI hai, aisA kabhI nahIM ho sktaa|" amAtyoM ne punaH kahA-'Apa cAhe hamAre kathana para vizvAsa na kareM, kintu, usane sAre nagara-vAsiyoM ko apanI muTThI meM kara liyA hai / hama pAMcoM ko vaha apanA samarthaka nahIM banA sakA hai| yadi Apako hamAre kathana para vizvAsa na ho to jaba vaha isa ora Aye, usake anuyAyiyoM kI ora Apa eka dRSTi ddaaleN|" rAjA asamaMjasa meM par3a gyaa| kabhI vaha socatA, bodhi parivrAjaka aisA nahIM ho sktaa| kabhI socatA, amAtya bhI mujhe anyathA parAmarza nahIM de skte| kintu, bodhi parivrAjaka jaba rAja-mahaloM kI ora Aye to rAjA ne unake mArga kI ora dekhaa| jana-samUha kI acchI bhIr3a lagI huI thii| ve sabhI bodhi parivrAjaka se apane-apane mukaddamoM kA nipaTArA cAhate the| rAjA ne unheM unakA anuyAyI-varga smjhaa| rAjA kA mana viSAkta ho gyaa| amAtyoM ko bulAyA aura pUchA-"kyA kareM ?" "deva ! inheM giraphtAra kara leN|" "binA kisI vizeSa doSa ke aisA kaise kara sakate haiM ?" "to mahArAja! Apa isakA Adara-satkAra karanA chor3a deN| svAgata ke abhAva meM yaha svataH samajha jAyegA aura binA kisI ko sUcita kiye hI calA jaayegaa|" rAjA ne bodhi parivrAjaka ke svAgata meM kramazaH nyUnatA prArambha kara dii| pahale hI dina unheM rAja-siMhAsana para na baiThA kara naMge palyaMka para baiThAyA gyaa| bodhisattva ne paristhiti ko tatkAla bhAMpa liyaa| udyAna se lauTate hI unhoMne prasthAna kA vicAra kiyaa| phira unakA cintana ubharA, nizcayAtmaka rUpa se jAna kara hI yahAM se jaauuNgaa| ve nahIM gye| agale dina unheM naMge palyaMka para baiThAyA gayA aura rAjA ke lie bane cAvaloM meM sAmAnya cAvala mizrita kara unheM parosA gyaa| tIsare dina bhI jaba bodhisattva bhojana ke lie Aye to unheM Upara 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta kI maMjila meM car3hane se rokA gayA aura sIr3hiyoM meM hI mizrita bhAta diye gaye / ve udyAna lauTa Aye aura vahA~ bhojana kiyaa| cauthe dina unheM prAsAda para nahIM car3hane diyA gayA / nIce hI kaNa vAle bhAta unheM diye gaye / udyAna meM Akara unheM bhI unhoMne khAyA | sAre ghaTanA cakra ko dekhate hue rAjA asamaMjasa meM par3a gayA / bodhi parivrAjaka ko nikAlane kA prayatna karane para bhI ve nahIM nikle| rAjA ne amAtyoM ko bulAyA aura kahA"mahAbodhi kumAra kA satkAra ghaTA diyA, phira bhI ve nahIM jA rahe haiM / " amAtyoM ne avasara kA lAbha uThAyA / unhoMne rAjA se kahA- - "mahArAja ! vaha bhAta ke lie nahIM ghUma rahA hai| vaha chatra pAne ke prayatna meM hai / yadi usake sAmane bhAta kA hI prazna hotA to vaha yahA~ se kabhI kA calA jAtA / " "to aba kyA kareM ?" rAjA ghbraayaa| usane amAtyoM ko pUchAamAtyoM ne kucha gaMbhIra ho kara kahA - "mahArAja ! aba Apako kucha kaThoratA se kAma lenA hogA / Apa use maravA deM / " rAjA ne amAtyoM ke hAthoM meM talavAra thamAte hue kahA - "kala bhikSA ke samaya tuma saba chupa kara dvAra ke samIpa khar3e ho jAnA / jyoMhI ve praveza kareM, sira kATa DAlanA aura Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara zaucAlaya ke kueM meM pheMka denA / snAna kara mere pAsa AnA / para isa kArya kA kisI ko patA na cle|" AmAtyoM ne rAjA kA Adeza zirodhArya kiyA aura prasannacita apane-apane ghara lauTa Aye / 427 ke sAyaMkAla bhojana se nivRtta ho kara rAjA zayyA para leTA thA / sahasA use bodhisattva guNa yAda Aye / usakA mana zoka se bhara gayA aura pasIne se tara-batara ho gyaa| becainI se vaha loTa-poTa hone lagA / agramahiSI se rAjA ne bAta taka nahIM kI / pUrNataH stabdhatA chAI huI thii| rAnI ne mauna bhaMga karate hue pUchA - "mahArAja ! kyA maiM aparAdhinI hU~ ? Apa mere se bolate taka nahIM / ' 1 rAjA ne apane ko sambhAlate hue kahA - "devi ! aisI bAta nahIM hai / maiM to dUsare hI vicAroM meM khoyA huA hU~ / bodhi parivrAjaka merA zatru ho gayA hai / pA~coM maMtriyoM kI maiMne use mAra DAlane kI AjJA de dI hai| ve use mAra kara, Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara zaucAlaya ke kue~ meM DAla deMge / usane bAraha varSa taka hameM dharmopadeza kiyA thaa| maiMne usakA eka bhI pratyakSa doSa nahIM dekhA / dUsaroM ke kathana para vizvAsa kara maiMne usake vadha kA nirdeza diyA hai| jyoM hI yaha smRti hotI hai, maiM sihara uThatA hU~ / " - rAnI ne rAjA ko Azvasta karate hue kahA - "deva ! yadi vaha zatru hI to usake vadha meM itanA kyA vicAra hai ? putra bhI yadi zatru ho jAye to use bhI apanA hita sAdhana karanA caahie| Apa cintA na kareM / " 2010_05 zreSTha piMgala varNa zvAna ne rAjA aura rAnI kA jyoM hI yaha vArtAlApa sunA, mana meM saMkalpa kiyA--"apane kauzala se kala maiM bodhi parivrAjaka ke prANoM kI rakSA karU~gA / agale dina sUryodaya hote hI vaha prAsAda se utara aayaa| mukhya dvAra kI dehalI para vaha sira rakha kara leTa gayA aura bodhisattva ke Agamana kI vyagratA ke sAtha pratIkSA karane lagA / khaDgadhArI amAtya bhI prAtaHkAla Akara dvAra ke bhItara chipa kara khar3e ho gaye / bodhisattva apane samaya para ho gayA hai maravA kara

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428 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa:1 udyAna se rAja-dvAra ke samIpa aaye| kutta ne muha bAyA, cAroM dAMta bAhara nikale aura apanI bhASA meM cillAnA Arambha kiyA-"mante ! kyA Apako sAre jambUdvIpa meM anyatra kahIM bhikSA nahIM milatI hai ? hamAre rAjA ne Apake vadha ke lie pAMca amAtyoM ko niyukta kiyA hai| naMgI talavAreM lekara ve dvAra ke pIche chupe khar3e haiM / apane prANoM ko hathelI meM rakha kara Apa Age na bddh'eN| zIghra hI lauTa jaayeN|" ___ bodhi parivrAjaka ko sabhI boliyoM kA jJAna thA ; ataH ve use bhalI-bhAMti samajha gye| kucha kSaNa vahIM ruke aura udyAna kI aura lauTa aaye| prasthAna ke abhiprAya se ve apanI Avazyaka sAmagrI ko ekatrita karane juTa pdd'e| rAjA gavAkSa meM khar3A saba dekhatA rhaa| usane socA, yadi yaha merA zatru hogA to udyAna meM lauTate hI senA ko ekatra kara yuddha kI taiyArI karane lagegA; anyathA apanI vastuoM ko baTora kara prasthAna meM saMlagna ho jaayegaa| mujhe isa bAre meM jAnakArI karanI caahie| vaha udyAna phuNcaa| bodhisattva apanI sAmagrI baTora rahe the / ve usa samaya parNazAlA se nikala caMkramaNa ke cabUtare para the| rAjA ne praNAma kiyA aura eka ora khar3e ho kara gAthA meM kahA : kiM nu vaNDaM ki ajinaM kiM chattaka upAhanaM ki aMkusaM capatta va saMghATi cApi brAhmaNa / tAramANarUpo gaNhAsi kiM nu patthayase disaM // 1 // brAhnaNa ! daNDa, ajina, chatrI, upAnaha, thailA, pAtra aura saMghATI ko zIghratA se kyoM baTora rahe ho ? kyA pratiSThAsu ho? / ___ bodhittva ne socA, yaha mere krtRtva se anabhijJa hai| mujhe ise bodha denA caahie| unhoMne gAthA meM kahA : dadAsetAni vassAni vusitAni tavantike nAbhijAnAni sonena piGgalena abhinikUjitaM / / 2 // svAyaM vitto va navati sukkadAhaM vivaMsayaM / / sava sutvA samarissa vItasaddhassa mama pati // 3 // rAjana ! bAraha varSa taka maiM tere pAsa rahA / maiM nahIM jAnatA, piMgala kutte ne kabhI bhauMkA ho| kintu, aba yaha jAna kara ki terI tathA terI patnI ko mere prati zraddhA nahIM rahI, vaha kruddha ho kara, dA~ta bAhara nikAla kara bhauMkatA hai| rAjA ne apanA doSa svIkAra kiyA aura kSamA mAMgate hue kahA : ahu esa kato doso, yathA bhAsasi brAhmaNa, esa miyyoM pasIvAmi, vasa brAhmaNa mA gama // 4 // brAhmaNa ! jaise tuma kahate ho, vaisA mere se sadoSa AcaraNa ho gayA hai| aba maiM aura adhika zraddhavAn hU~ / yahI raheM, prasthAna na kreN| "mahArAja ! binA pratyakSa dekhe dUsaroM kI bAta mAnane vAle ke sAtha paNDitajana nahIM rahate"; bodhisattva ne yaha kahate hue usakA prastAva ThukarA diyA aura usakA anAcAra prakA 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 426 zita karate hue kahA-"ardhacandrAkAra dekara nikAla diye jAne se pUrva svayaM hI calA jAnA acchA hai| jala-rahita kuMoM ke samAna azraddhAvAn ke Azraya meM nahIM rahanA caahie| jala-rahita kuMe ko khane bhI to usakA pAnI kIcar3a kI gandha vAlA hI hogaa| zraddhAvAn ke Azraya meM hI rahe / .........'atyanta sAtha rahane se, sAtha na rahane se tathA asamaya hI mAMga baiThane se mitratA naSTa ho jAtI hai ; ataH na to nirantara jAye, na ati vilasba se jAye aura na asamaya hI mAMge isa prakAra mitratA TUTatI nahIM hai| ati cirakAla taka sAtha rahane se priya manuSya bhI apriya ho jAtA hai| tere apriya banane se pUrva hI hama tujhe sUcanA dekara jAte haiN|" rAjA ne nivedana kiyA-"yadi Apa hamArI prArthanA svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, apane anuyAyiyoM kI bAta nahIM rakhate haiM to yaha vacana deM, phira zIghra hI aayeNge|" bodhisattva ne uttara diyA-"mahArAja! isa prakAra vicarate hue mere athavA tumhAre zarIra ko hAni na huI to sambhava hai kucha dinoM bAda phira hama eka-dUsare ko dekheN|" bodhisatva ne rAjA ko dharmopadeza diyA-"mahArAja ! apramAdI rheN|" bodhisattva ne udyAna se prasthAna kiyA / anukUla sthAna para bhikSATana kara vArANasI se bhI nirgamana kara diyA / kramazaH cArikA karate hue himAlaya phuNce| kucha samaya vahA~ rahe aura nIce utre| eka pratyanta-grAma ke Azraya se jaMgala meM rahane lge| __ mahAbodhikamAra parivrAjaka ke cale jAne para amAtyoM kI pAMcoM aMguliyAM ghI meM ho gii| ve nyAyAdhIza ho kara phira lUTa macAne lge| sAtha hI ve socane lage-"mahAbodhi kumAra yadi punaH yahA~ A gayA to hama nahIM baca paayeNge| aisA upakrama karanA cAhie, jisase vaha punaH yahA~ na A ske|" unhoMne cintana kiyA, prANI prAya: Asakti ke sthAna ko chor3a nahIM sktaa| yahAM usakI kisameM Asakti hai ? unhoMne anumAna lagAyA, mahArAnI meM usakI Asakti hai; ata: sambhava hai, isI kAraNa se vaha puna: aaye| ise pahale hI maravA deN| amAtya hila, mila kara rAjA ke pAsa aaye| gaMbhIratApUrvaka bole-"deva! nagara meM eka carcA hai|" "kyA ?" "mahAbodhi parivrAjaka aura mahArAnI ke bIca avAMchanIya patrAcAra calatA hai|" "kisa prakAra kA?" , mahAbodhi parivrAjaka ne devI ko likhA hai-"kyA tU rAjA ko maravA kara mujhe chatrapati banavA sakatI hai ?" rAnI ne use uttara meM likhA hai-"rAjA ko mArane kA dAyitva mere para hai| zIghra cale aao|" __ amAtyoM ke punaH punaH kahane se rAjA ko usa kathana para vizvAsa ho gyaa| usane pUchA-"kyA kareM?" "devI ko maravA DAlanA caahie|" rAjA ne nirdeza diyA- "use mAra DAlo aura Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara zaucAlaya ke kueM meM DAla do|" amAtyoM ne rAjA ke Adeza ko kriyAnvita kiyaa| rAnI ke vadha kI bAta sAre zahara meM phaila gii| cAroM rAjakumAra rAjA ke isIlie zatru ho gye| rAjA bahuta bhayabhIta huaa| 2010_05

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430 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 samasyA bahuta ulajha gaI / sArI ghaTanA bodhisattva taka pahu~cI / unhoMne socA -- kumAroM ko samajhA kara aura rAjA ko bhI apane doSa kI anubhUti karA kara mujhe isa samasyA ko sulajhAnA caahie| maiM rAjA ko jIvana-dAna dU~gA aura kumAroM ko isa pApa se bacAU~gA / bodhisattva agale dina bhikSATana ke lie pratyanna grAma meM gaye to manuSyoM ne unheM bandara kA mAMsa diyaa| unhoMne use khA liyaa| unhoMne bandara kA carma bhI mA~ga kara le liyaa| Azrama meM lA kara unhoMne use sukhAyA, gandha rahita kara or3hA, pahinA aura kandhe para bhI rkhaa| aisA karane kA unakA tAtparya thA ki ve yathArtha kaha sakeM ki bandara bahuta upakArI thaa| ve usakA carma lekara kramaza: vArANasI pahu~ce / kumAroM ke samIpa jAkara unhoMne kahA -- "pitR-hatyA dAruNa karma hai / kabhI mata krnaa| koI prANI ajara-amara nahIM hai / maiM tumhArA pArasparika mela karavAne ke lie AyA hU~ / jaba sandeza bhejU, cale AnA / " ve vahA~ se cale aura nagara ke Abhyantarika udyAna meM Aye / zilA para bandara kA camar3A bichA kara baiTha gaye / mAlI ne rAjA ko yaha sUcanA dii| rAjA bahuta harSita huA aura amAtyoM ke sAtha udyAna meM pahu~cA / praNAma kiyA aura kuzala-kSema puuchaa| bodhisattva rAjA ke sAtha bAta na kara kevala usa camar3e ko hI malate rahe / rAjA ko AghAta-sA lagA / usane pUchA"bhante ! Apa merI upekSA kara isa camar3e ko hI sahalAte jA rahe haiM, kyA yaha merI apekSA bahuta upakArI hai ?" I sahaja svAbhimAna se bodhisattva ne rAjA kI ora dekhA aura kahA - "hA~, mahArAja ! yaha bandara merA bahuta upakArI hai| isakI pITha para baiTha kara maiM bahuta ghUmA hU~ / yaha mere lie pAnI kA ghar3A lAyA hai / isane merA vAsa sthAna pramArjita kiyA hai| isane merI sAmAnya sevA kI hai| maiM apane citta kI durbalatA se isakA mA~sa khA kara upacita huA hU~ / isakI camar3I sukhA, phalA, usa para baiThatA hU~ aura usa para leTatA hU~ / mahArAja ! isa prakAra yaha merA bahuta upakArI hai / " uddezya se pITha para bodhisattva ne amAtyoM ke mata kA nirasana karane ke bAnara - carma ke sthAna para bAnara zabda kA upayoga kiyaa| unhoMne use pahinA; ataH car3hakara ghUmA' kahA / use kandhe para rakhakara pAnI kA ghar3A lAye the; ataH 'pAnI kA ghar3A lAyA' khaa| usa carma se bhUmi kA pramArjana kiyA thA; ata: 'vAsa sthAna pramArjita kiyA' kahA / leTate samaya pITha kA aura uTha kara calate samaya pairoM kA sparza huA; ata: 'merI sAmAnya sevA kI' kahA / bhUkha lagane para usakA mAMsa mila jAne se khA gaye; ataH 'apanI durbalatA ke kAraNa mAMsa khAyA' kahA / amAtyoM ne tAlI bajAkara unakA upahAsa kiyA aura kahA - "pravrajita ke karma ko dekho / bandara kA vadha kara; mAMsa khA camar3I ko lie ghUmatA hai / " bodhisattva ne saba kucha dekhA / ve socane lage, ye ajJa haiM / ye nahIM jAnate ki maiM inake mata kA nirasana karane ke lie hI yaha carma lekara AyA hU~ / maiM yaha prakaTa nahIM hone dU~gA / unhoMne ahetuvAdI ko bulAyA aura pUchA"AyuSmAn tumane merA upahAsa kyoM kiyA ?" " "kyoMki yaha mitra - drohI-karma aura prANa-vadha "jo tere meM aura tere mata meM zraddhA rakhatA hai, usake lie duHkha kI kyA bAta hai ? terA to siddhAnta hai ki svabhAva se hI saba kucha hotA hai / anicchA se hI karaNIya tathA akaraNIya kiyA jAtA hai / yadi yaha maMtra kalyANakArI hai, akalyANakArI nahIM hai aura yadi 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparo] tripaTikoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 431 satya hI hai to bandara kI hatyA ThIka hI huI hai| yadi apane mata ke doSa ko samajha sakegA to merI nindA nahIM kara sakegA; kyoMki terA siddhAnta aisA hI hai|" bodhisattva ne ahetuvAdI kA vigraha kara use hataprabha kara diyaa| rAjA bhI pariSad meM baiThA thaa| vaha bhI hataprabha ho adha:sira baiThA rhaa| bodhisattva ne Izvara-kartRtvavAdI se kahA-"AyuSmAn ! yadi tU Izvara-kartRtva meM vizvAsa karatA hai to tUne merA upahAsa kyoM kiyA ? yadi Izvara hI sAre loka kI jIvikA kI vyavasthA karatA hai, usI kI icchAnusAra manuSya ko aizvarya milatA hai, usa para vipatti AtI hai, vaha bhalA-burA karatA hai aura manuSya Izvara kA hI AjJAkArI hai, to Izvara hI doSI ThaharatA hai / yadi yahI mata hai to apane doSa ko smjho| merI nindA mata kro|" isa prakAra jaise Ama kI mogarI se hI Ama girAye jAte haiM; usI prakAra usake hetuoM se hI usake siddhAnta kA nirasana kiyaa| Izvara-kartRtvavAdI ko hataprabha kara bodhisattva ne pUrvakRtavAdI ko pUchA- "AyuSman ! yadi tU pUrvakRta ko hI satya mAnatA hai to tU ne merA upahAsa kyoM kiyA ? yadi pUrvakRta-karma ke kAraNa hI sukha-duHkha hotA hai, yadi yahA~ kA pApa-karma prAcIna pApa-karma se RNa-mukti kA kAraNa hotA hai, to yahAM pApa kise sparza karatA hai ? yadi yahI mata hai to apane doSa ko samajho / merI nindA mata kro|' ucchedavAdI ko sambodhita karate hue kahA- "AyuSman ! yadi yahAM kisI kA kisI se sambandha nahIM hai; ata: prANiyoM kA yahIM uccheda ho jAtA hai, koI bhI paraloka nahIM jAtA, to phira tU ne merA upahAsa kyoM kiyA? pRthvI Adi cAra mahAbhUtoM se hI prANiyoM ke rUpa kI utpatti hotI hai| jahA~ se rUpa utpanna hotA hai, vahIM vaha vilIna ho jAtA hai| jIva yahIM jItA hai, paraloka meM vinaSTa ho jAtA hai| paNDita aura mUrkha sabhI kA yahIM uccheda ho jAtA haiN| yadi aisA hai to yahA~ pApa kise sparza karatA hai ? yadi yahI mata hai to apane doSa ko samajho / merI nindA mata kro|" / kSatavidhavAdI ko sambodhita karate hue kahA- "AyuSman ! jaba terA yaha mata hai ki mAtA-pitA aura jyeSTha bandhu ko bhI mAra kara apanA svArtha-sAdhana karanA cAhie aura vaisA prayojana ho to putra aura strI kI bhI hatyA kara denI cAhie, to tU ne merA upahAsa kyoM kiyA?" saba matoM kA nirAkaraNa karane ke anantara bodhi parivrAjaka ne kahA -"hamArI to yaha mAnyatA hai, jisa vRkSa kI chAyA meM baiThe athavA leTe, usakI zAkhA taka ko na todd'e| mitradroha pAtaka hai| tumhArA mata hai, prayojana hone para use jar3a se bhI ukhAr3a do| mere to pAtheya kA prayojana thA; ata: bAnara kI hatyA ko maiM samucita hI mAnatA huuN|" pAMcoM amAtyoM ke hataprabha va hatabuddhi ho jAne para bodhisattva ne rAjA ko sambodhita karate hue kahA-"mahArAja ! rASTra ke ina pA~ca luTeroM ko Apa Azraya de rahe haiM; ata: Apa kitane bar3e mUrkha haiN| aise vyaktiyoM ke saMsarga se hI AdamI isa loka meM tathA paraloka meM mahAn du.kha kA anubhava karatA hai| ye ahetuvAdI, Izvara kartRtvAdI, pUrvakRtavAdI, ucchedavAdI aura kSatavidhavAdI loka meM asatpuruSa haiM; jo mUrkha hote hue bhI apane Apako paNDita mAnate haiN| ye svayaM bhI pApa karate haiM aura dUsaroM se bhI karavAte haiN| asatpuruSa kI saMgati duHkhada tathA kaTuka phala dene vAlI hotI hai| pUrva samaya meM meMr3he se milatA-julatA eka bher3iyA rahatA thaa| vaha ____ 2010_05

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432 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 nizzaMka hokara bakariyoM ke jhuNDa meM pahuMca jAtA thaa| vahA~ bher3oM, bakariyoM tathA bakaroM ko mAra kara AnandapUrvaka khAtA thA aura yatheccha ghUmatA rahatA thaa| isI prakAra kucha zramaNa-brAhmaNa svAMga raca kara janatA ko Thagate haiN| unameM se koI anAhArI hote haiM, koI kaThora bhUmi para sote haiM, koI pAMsukUlika hote haiM, koI ukar3a hI baiThate haiM, koI saptAha yA pakSa meM eka bAra bhojana karate haiM, koI nirjala rahate haiM aura koI pApAcaraNa karate hue bhI apane ko arhat batalAte haiN| paNDitamAnI ye sabhI mUrkha asatpuruSa haiN| ..." bodhisattva ne rAjA ko dharmopadeza diyaa| cAroM rAjakumAroM ko apane pAsa bulAyA aura unheM bhI dharma-dezanA se prabhAvita kiyaa| rAjA ke kAranAmoM ko prakAzita karate hue kumAroM se kahA- "tuma rAjA ko kSamA kara do|" sabake bIca hI rAjA se kahA-'aba kabhI avicArita kArya na karanA aura isa prakAra kA dussAhasa bhI na karanA / " kumAroM se kahA"tuma bhI rAjA se dveSa na rkhnaa|" rAjA ne kahA-"bhante ! maiMne ina pAMca amAtyoM la meM phaMsa kara Apa ke tathA devI ke prati pApa-karma kiyA hai| ina pAMcoM ko aba maravAtA huuN|" "mahArAja ! aisA nahIM kara skte|" "to inake hAtha-pAMva kaTavA detA huuN|" "nahIM, mahArAja ! yaha bhI nahIM kara skte|" rAjA ne amAtyoM kI sampatti kA apaharaNa karavA liyA aura sira meM DA kara, tobarA bAndha unheM apamAnita kiyA aura deza se bahiSkRta kara diyaa| bodhisattva vahA~ kucha dina Thahare aura rAjA ko apramAdI rahane kA upadeza dekara himAlaya kI ora hI cale gye| vahA~ dhyAna-abhijJA prApta kI, jIvana-paryanta brahmavihAroM kI bhAvanA se anuprANita hokara brahmalokagAmI hue| . zAstA ne dharma-dezanA ke sandarbha meM kahA- "bhikSuo! na kevala vartamAna meM hI apitu vigata meM zAstA prajJAvAn tathA anya vAdiyoM ke siddhAntoM kA mardana karane vAle hI rahe haiN| jAtaka kA mela baiThAte hue unhoMne kahA-"usa samaya ke pAMca mithyAdRSTi amAtya pUraNakassapa, makkhali gozAla, pakudha kaccAyana, ajita kesakambalI aura nigaNTha nAtavRtta the| piMgala varNa kuttA Ananda thaa| mahAbodhi parivrAjaka to maiM hI thaa|" -jAtaka-aTThakathA, mahAbodhi jAtaka, 228 (hindI anuvAda), pR0 312 se 330 ke AdhAra se| samIkSA yaha mahAbodhi jAtaka tathA isa prakAra ke anya kathAnaka yahI abhivyakta karate haiM ki bauddhoM ne apane pratipakSiyoM ko hIna va tuccha pramANita karane ke lie aneka anagar3ha kathAnaka race haiN| (36) mayUra aura kAka buddha ke utpanna hone se pUrva taithikoM ko lAbha aura yaza kI prApti thI, kintu, unake utpanna hone para unakA lAbha aura yaza jAtA rhaa| unakI dazA vaisI hI ho gaI, sUryodaya ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 433 ke samaya jaisI ki juganuoM kI hotI hai / dharma sabhA meM isa prasaMga para carcA cala par3I / zAstA ne Akara pUchA- ''bhikSuo ! baiThe-baiThe abhI kyA bAtacIta kara rahe the ?" bhikSuoM ne uparya ukta vArtAlApa - prasaMga sunAyA, to zAstA ne phira kahA-' - " bhikSuo ! na kevala abhI, pUrva meM bhI jaba taka guNavAn utpanna nahIM hue the, guNahInoM ko zreSTha lAbha aura zreSTha yaza milatA rahA thaa| guNavAnoM ke avatarita hone para guNahInoM kA lAbha satkAra calA jAtA rahA thA / "pUrva samaya meM vArANasI meM brahmadatta ke rAjya-kAla meM bodhisattva mora kI yoni meM utpanna hue the / bar3e hue aura sundaratA se alaMkRta ho, jaMgala meM vicarane lage / usa samaya kucha vyApArI dizA-kAka' ko sAtha lekara bAveru rASTra kI ora cale / bAveru rASTra meM una dinoM pakSI nahIM hote the / vahA~ ke nivAsI piMjare meM Abaddha usa kaue ko dekha kara atyanta cakita hue / usakI ora saMketa karate hue ve paraspara eka-dUsare ko kahane lage "isakI camar3I ke varNa ko dekho| isakI coMca gale taka hai| isakI A~kheM maNi kI goliyoM jaisI haiM / " koe kI isa prakAra prazaMsA karate hue unhoMne una vyApAriyoM se yAcanA kI - "Aryo ! yaha pakSI hameM de do| hameM isakI AvazyakatA hai / tumheM to apane rASTra meM anya bhI mila jAyeMge / " " mUlya cukA kara ise le lo / " "pA~ca kArSApaNa lekara de deM / " "nahIM deNge|" mUlya bar3hatA huA kramazaH sau kArSApaNa taka pahu~ca gayA / Agantuka vyApAriyoM ne kahA - "yadyapi hamAre lie yaha bahuta upayogI hai; phira bhI ApakI maMtrI se AkarSita hokara hama ise pradAna kara rahe haiM / " bAveru vAsiyoM ne sau kArSApaNa meM use kharIda liyaa| unhoMne use sone ke piMjare meM rakhA / nAnA prakAra ke machalI- mA~sa va phalAphala se use pAlA / dUsare pakSiyoM ke abhAva meM vaha durguNI kauA bhI vahA~ samAhata hokara zreSThalAbhI huA / dUsarI bAra ve vyApArI eka mora lekara vahA~ Aye / vaha bahuta zikSita thA / jyoM hI cuTakI bajatI, kekA ho uThatI aura jyoM hI tAlI bajatI, vaha nAcane lagatA / janatA ke ekatrita hone para naukA kI dhurA para khar3A ho paroM ko phailAtA, madhura svara se kekA karatA aura nAcane lagatA / bAveru- vAsI usase bhI bahuta AkarSita hue| yAcanA karate hue unhoMne kahA - "Aryo ! yaha sundara va suzikSita pakSI rAja hameM de deM / " Agantuka vyApAriyoM ne kahA - "pahale hama kauA lekara Aye, Apane use le liyA / aba jabaki hama mayUrarAja lekara Aye haiM; Apa loga ise bhI lenA cAhate haiM / Apake rASTra meM palI lekara AnA kaThinatA se bharA rahatA hai / " bAveru - vAsiyoM ne kahA- "jo bhI ho, yaha pakSI to hameM denA hogA / Apake deza meM to dUsarA bhI durlabha nahIM hai / yaha to hameM de dIjiye / " mUlya bar3hatA huA kramazaH hajAra kArSApaNa taka pahu~ca gyaa| bAveru-vAsiyoM ne vaha mUlya cukA diyA aura use le liyaa| mora ko sAta ratnoM vAle piMjare meM rakhA gyaa| machalI, mAMsa, phala, dUdha, khIla tathA zarbata se use pAlA / mora-rAja ko vahA~ zreSTha lAbha aura yaza 1. sthala kI dizA jAnane ke lie jahAjoM para rakhA jAne vAlA kauA / 2010_05

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434 Agama aura tripiTaka eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 milaa| jaba se vaha vahA~ pahu~cA, kaue kA lAbha satkAra ghaTa gayA / koI bhI vyakti usa ora dekhanA bhI nahIM cAhatA thA / kaue ko jaba khAnA milanA banda ho gayA, baha 'kA~va-kA~va' cillAtA huA avakara para jA giraa| zAstA ne donoM kathAoM ko milAte hue kahA : adassanena morassa sikhino majjubhASino, kAkaM tattha apujesaM maMsena ca phalena ca // 1 // yadA ca sarasampanno moro bAberu mAgamA, atha lAbho ca sakkAro vAyasassa ahAyatha // 2 // yAnupajjati buddho dhammarAjA pabhaGkaro, tAva aje apUjesaM puthu samaNabrAhmaNe || 3 || yadA ca sarasampanno buddho dhammaM adeyasi, atha lAbho ca sakkAro titthiyAna ahAyatha // 4 // jaba taka madhura bhASI mora se paricita na the, taba taka vahA~ mA~sa aura phala se kaue kA samAdara huA / svara-yukta mayUra jaba bAveru rASTra pahu~cA, koe kA lAbha satkAra nyUna ho gyaa| isI taraha jaba taka prabhaGkara dharmarAja paidA nahIM hue, dUsare aneka zramaNa-brAhmaNoM -kI pUjA huI ; kintu, jaba svara-yukta buddha ne dharmopadeza diyA to taithikoM kA lAbha - satkAra naSTa ho gayA / 2010_05 usa samaya kauA nigaNTha nAtaputta thA aura mora-rAja to maiM hI thaa|" - jAtaka aTThakathA, bAveru jAtaka, 339 ( hindI anuvAda), bhA0 3, pR0 286 se 261 ke AdhAra se / samIkSA kathA nitAnta AkSepAtmaka aura gardA sUcaka hai aura paripUrNa sAmpradAyika manobhAvoM se gar3hI huI hai / yaha kathA mUla tripiTakoM kI nahIM hai, isalie isakA adhika mahattva nahIM hai| mUla jAtaka meM bhI guNI kI vartamAnatA meM avaguNI kI pUjA kA ullekha hai / yaha udanta jAtaka aTThakathA kA hai; isalie bhI kAlpanika kathAnaka se adhika isakA koI mahattva nahIM dIkha par3atA / 37. mAMsAhAra carcA siMha senApati bhagavAn buddha kI zaraNa meM AyA / agale dina ke lie bhojana kA nimantraNa diyA / buddha ne mauna raha kara use svIkAra kiyA, siMha senApati ne anya bhojana ke sAtha mAMsa bhI banAyA / nigaNThoM ne jaba yaha sunA to ve kupita va asantuSTa hue / tathAgata ko vyathita karane ke abhiprAya se unhoMne gAlI dI -- "zramaNa gautama jAna-bUjha kara apane lie banAye gaye mAMsa ko khAtA hai|" dharma sabhA meM bhikSuoM ne gautama buddha kA isa ora dhyAna

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta 435 AkarSita kiyA aura kahA-"nigaNTha nAtaputta Apako mAMsAhAra kI gAlI detA huA ghUmatA hai|" buddha ne uttara diyA-"nigaNTha nAtaputta na kevala vartamAna meM hI merI nindA karatA hai; balki usane pahale bhI aisA hI kiyA hai|" buddha ne pUrva-janma kI kathA sunAte hue kahA-"pUrva samaya meM vArANasI meM brahmadatta ke rAjya-kAla meM bodhisattva brAhmaNa-kula meM utpanna hue| bar3e hone para RSi-pravrajyA ke anusAra pravijata hue / himAlaya meM vAsa karane lge| eka bAra namaka-khaTAI khAne ke abhiprAya se ve vArANasI Aye / agale dina bhikSA ke lie nagara meM praveza kiyaa| eka gRhastha ne tapasvI ko taMga karane ke uddezya se unheM apane ghara bulAyA, biche Asana para biThAyA aura matsya-mAMsa kA bhojana prosaa| bhojana kara cukane para usa gRhastha ne kahA- 'yaha mAMsa tumhAre hI uddezya se prANiyoM kA vadha kara niSpanna kiyA gayA thA; ataH isakA pApa kevala hameM hI na lage, apitu tumheM bhI lge|' usane gAthA kahI hantvA jhatvA badhitvA ca deti dAnaM asnyto| evisaM matta bhuJjamAno sa pApena upalippati / / mAra kara, paritApita kara, vadha kara asaMyamI dAna detA hai / isa prakAra kA bhojana karane vAlA pApa-bhAgI hotA hai|' uttara meM bodhisattva ne gAthA kahI putadArammi ce hatvA deti dAna asoto| bhuJjakAnodi sappo na pApena upalippati / anya mAMsa kI to carcA chodd'o| yadi koI duHzIla apane putra va strI ko mAra kara bhI unake mAMsa kA dAna karatA hai, to prajJAvAn, kSamA-maitrI Adi guNoM se yukta puruSa use grahaNa kara pApa se lipta nahIM hotaa| bodhisattva dharmopadeza kara Asana se uTha kara cale gye| zAstA ne jAtaka kA mela baiThAte hue kahA- "usa samaya gRhastha nigaNTha nAtaputta thA aura tapasvI to maiM hI thaa|" -jAtaka aTThakathA, telovAda jAtaka, 246 ke AdhAra se samIkSA vinaya piTaka aura aMguttara nikAya meM jahA~ siMha senApati kI isa ghaTanA kA ullekha hai, vahA~ caurAhoM para mAMsAhAra kI nindA karane ke prasaMga meM nigaNTha nAtaputta kA nAma na hokara kevala nigaNThoM kA hI nAmollekha hai / lagatA hai, aTThakathAkAra ne jAtaka gAthAoM ke sAtha pUrva-janma kI ghaTanA ko jor3ane ke lie nigaNTha nAtaputta kI hI nagara-carcA kA pAtra 1. dekheM, isI prakaraNa kA prathama prsNg| 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 banA diyA hai| anya aTThakathAoM kI taraha isa aTTakathA kA bhI kAlpanika kathAnaka se adhika mahattva nahIM lgtaa| 38. cAra prakAra ke loga bhikSuo ! duniyAM meM cAra prakAra ke loga vidyamAna haiN| kauna se cAra taraha ke ? bhikSuo, eka AdamI apane ko tapAne vAlA hotA hai, apane ko kaSTa dene meM hI lugA huA ; bhikSuo, eka AdamI dUsaroM ko tapAne vAlA hotA hai, dUsaroM ko kaSTa dene meM hI lagA huA ; bhikSuo, eka AdamI apane ko tapAne vAlA, apane ko kaSTa dene meM lagA huA hai tathA dUsaroM ko bhI tapAne vAlA, dUsaroM ko kaSTa dene meM hI lagA huA hotA hai ; bhikSuo, eka AdamI na apane ko tapAne vAlA, na apane ko kaSTa dene meM hI lagA hotA hai aura na dUsaroM ko tapAne vAlA, dUsaroM ko kaSTa dene meM hI lagA hotA hai| jo na apane ko anutapta karane vAlA hotA hai, na dUsaroM ko anutapta karane vAlA hotA hai, vaha isI zarIra meM tRSNA-vihIna hokara, nivRtta ho kara zAntabhAva ko prApta hokara, sukha kA anubhava karatA huA zreSTha jIvana vyatIta karatA hai| bhikSuo, eka AdamI apane ko tapAne vAlA, apane ko kaSTa dene meM hI lagA rahane vAlA kaise hotA hai ? bhikSuo, eka AdamI nagna hotA hai, ziSTAcAra-zUnya, hAtha cATane vAlA, 'bhadanta AyeM' kahane para na Ane vAlA, 'bhadanta khar3e raheM' kahane para khar3A na rahane vAlA, lAyA huA na khAne vAlA, uddezya se banAyA huA na khAne vAlA aura nimaMtraNa bhI na svIkAra karane vAlA hotA hai / vaha na ghar3e meM se diyA huA letA hai, na Ukhala meM se diyA huA letA hai, na kivAr3a kI oTa se diyA huA letA hai, na mor3e ke bIca meM A jAne se diyA huA, na DaNDe ke bIca meM par3a jAne se letA hai, na mUsala ke bIca meM A jAne se letA hai| vaha do jane khAte hoM, unameM se eka uTha kara dene para nahIM letA hai, na gamiNI kA diyA letA hai, na bacce ko dUdha pilAtI huI kA diyA letA hai, na puruSa ke pAsa gaI huI kA letA hai, na saMgraha kiye hue anna meM se pakAyA huA letA hai, na jahA~ kuttA khar3A ho, vahA~ se letA hai, na jahA~ makkhiyAM ur3atI hoM, vahA~ se letA hai, vaha na machalI khAtA hai, na mAMsa khAtA hai, na surA pItA hai, na meraya pItA hai, na cAvala kA pAnI pItA hai| vaha yA to eka hI ghara meM lekara khAne vAlA hotA hai yA eka hI kaura khAne vAlA, do ghara se lekara khAne vAlA hotA hai yA do hI kaura khAne vAlA, sAta gharoM se lekara khAne vAlA hotA yA sAta kaura khAne vaalaa| vaha eka hI choTI taztarI se bhI gujArA karane vAlA hotA hai| vaha dina meM eka bAra bhI khAne vAlA hotA hai, do dina meM eka bAra bhI khAne vAlA hotA hai. sAta dina meM eka bAra bhI khAne vAlA hotA hai ; isa prakAra vaha pandraha dina meM eka bAra khAkara bhI rahatA hai| vaha zAka khAne vAlA bhI hotA hai, zyAmAka (dhAna) khAne vAlA bhI hotA hai, nIvAra (dhAna khAne vAlA bhI hotA hai, dadala (dhAna) khAne vAlA bhI hotA hai, haTa (zAka) khAne vAlA bhI hotA hai, kaNAja (bhAta) khAne vAlA bhI hotA hai / vaha AcAma khAne vAlA hotA hai, khalI khAne vAlA bhI hotA hai, tinake (ghAsa) khAne vAlA bhI hotA hai, gobara khAne vAlA bhI hotA hai, jaMgala ke per3oM se gire phala-mUla ko khAne vAlA bhI hotA hai| 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputa 437 vaha sana ke kapar3e bhI dhAraNa karatA hai, sana- mizrita kapar3e bhI dhAraNa karatA hai, zavavastra (kaphana ) bhI pahanatA hai, pheMke hue vastra bhI pahanatA hai, vRkSa-vizeSa kI chAla ke kapar3e bhI pahanatA hai, ajina (mRga ) kI khAla bhI pahanatA hai, ajina (mRga ) kI camar3I se banI paTTiyoM bunA vastra bhI pahanatA hai, kuza kA banA vastra bhI pahanatA hai, chAla ( vAka) kA vastra bhI pahanatA hai, kalaka (chAla) kA vastra bhI pahanatA hai, kezoM se banA kambala bhI pahanatA hai, pUMcha ke bAloM kA banA kambala bhI pahanatA hai, ullU ke paroM kA banA vastra bhI pahanatA hai / se vaha keza-dAr3hI kA luMcana karane vAlA bhI hotA hai / vaha baiThane kA tyAga kara, nirantara khar3A hI rahane vAlA bhI hotA hai / vaha ukaDUM baiTha kara prayatna karane vAlA bhI hotA hai / vaha kA~ToM kI zayyA para sone vAlA bhI hotA hai / prAtaH madhyAhna, sAyaM-dina meM tIna bAra pAnI meM jAne vAlA hotA hai| isa taraha vaha nAnA prakAra se zarIra ko pIr3A pahu~cAtA huA vihAra karatA hai / bhikSuo, isa prakAra eka AdamI apane ko tapAne vAlA, apane ko kaSTa dene meM hI lagA rahane vAlA hotA hai / - aMguttara nikAya (hindI anuvAda), bhAga 2, pR0 167 se 166 ke AdhAra se samIkSA isa prasaMga meM nAmagrAha nirgranthoM kA ullekha nahIM hai, para AcAra bahuta kucha nirgranthoM kA hI batAyA gayA hai / kucha eka AcAra to dazava yAliya se zabdazaH milate haiM / ' isa prathama bhaMga meM nirgranthoM ke atirikta AjIvaka tathA pUraNa kassapa ke anuyAyiyoM ke bhI kucha niyama batAye gaye haiM, aisA pratIta hotA hai / "na vaha mAMsa khAtA hai, na vaha machalI khAtA hai, na vaha surA potA hai, na vaha meraya pItA hai" - yaha AcAra mI nirgrantha- AcAra ke saMlagna hI batAyA gayA hai| jaina sAdhuoM ke mAMsAhAra ke vipakSa meM yaha eka acchA pramANa bana sakatA hai / 1. duNhaM tu muJJamANANaM ego tattha nimaMtae / dijjamANaM na icchijjA, chaMda se paDilehae // gubviNIe uvaNNatthaM, viviha pANabhoaNaM / bhuMjamANaM vivijjijjA, bhuttasesaM paDicchae / siAya samaNaTThAe gubviNI kAlamAsiNI / uA vA nisIijjA, nisannA vA puNaTTae // taM bhave bhattapANaM tu, saMjayANa akappiyaM / diti paDiAikkhe, na me kappai tArisaM // thaNagaM pijjamANI, dAragaM va kumAriaM / taM nikkhivittu rovaMtaM, Ahare pANamoyaNaM // taM bhave bhattapANaM tu ** tArisaM // 2010_05 - dazavekAlika sUtra, 5 / 1 / 37-43|

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 36. nimranthoM ke pAMca doSa bhikSuo, jisa AjIvaka meM ye pA~ca bAteM hotI haiM, vaha aisA hI hotA hai, jaisA lAkara naraka meM DAla diyA gayA ho| kauna-sI pA~ca bAteM? prANI-hiMsA karane vAlA hotA hai, corI karane vAlA hotA hai, abrahmacArI hotA hai, jhUTha bolane vAlA hotA hai, surA-meraya Adi nazIlI cIjoM kA sevana karane vAlA hotA hai| bhikSuo, jisa AjIvaka meM ye pA~ca bAteM hotI haiM, vaha aisA hI hotA hai, jaisA lAkara naraka meM DAla diyA gayA ho| bhikSuo, jisa nigaNTha (=nimrantha) meM...jisa vRddha-zrAvaka meM.. jisa jaTilaka meM.. jisa parivrAjaka meM jisa mAgandika meM...jisa daNDika meM jisa Aruddhaka meM...jisa gotamaka meM.. jisa deva dhammika meM ye pAMca bAteM hotI haiM, vaha aisA hI hotA hai, jaisA lAkara naraka meM DAla diyA gayA ho| kauna-sI pA~ca bAteM? vaha prANI hiMsA karane vAlA..'naraka meM DAla diyA gayA ho| -aMguttara nikAya, 5-28-8-17 (hindI anuvAda), bhAga 2, pR0 452 ke AdhAra se| samIkSA yaha ullekha 'upasampadA varga' kA hai| isameM AjIvaka, jaTilaka, parivrAjaka Adi ke lie bhI ye hI pA~ca bAteM kahI gaI haiN| 40. vastradhArI nirgrantha zrAvastI kI ghaTanA hai| kucha bauddha-bhikSuoM ne nigaNThoM ko jAte dekhakara paraspara bAteM kI-"bhikSuo, ye nigaNTha una acelaka bhikSuoM se to acche hI haiM, jo thor3A bhI vastra nahIM rkhte| ye becAre kama-se-kama apane agrabhAga ko to AcchAdita rakhate haiN| lagatA hai, ina zramaNoM meM to sabhyatA aura loka-vyavahAra kA kucha dhyAna hai|" bauddha bhikSuoM kI isa carcA ko suna kara nigaNTha zramaNoM ne kahA-'hama loka-vyavahAra aura sabhyatA ke lie vastra nahIM rakhate / dhUla aura gandagI bhI jIva haiM / hamAre bhikSA-pAtra meM par3a kara unakI hiMsA na ho; isalie hama vastra pahanate haiN|" bauddha aura nigaNTha, donoM bhikSuoM meM lambI carcA clii| tatpazcAt bauddha bhikSu jetavana meM bhagavAn buddha ke pAsa Aye / buddha ko apanA carcA-prasaMga btaayaa| taba buddha ne ye gAthAe~ kahIM: alajjitA ye lajjanti lajjitA ye na lajjare / 'micchAdiTThisamAdAnA sattA gacchanti duggati / / abhaye ca bhayadassino bhaye ca abhyvssimo| micchAdidvisamAdAnA sattA gacchanti duggati // ___ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta lajjA na karane kI bAta meM jo lajjita hote haiM aura lajjA karane kI bAta meM lajjita nahIM hote haiM ; ve prANI mithyA-dRSTi ko grahaNa karane se durgati ko prApta hote haiN| bhaya na karane kI bAta meM bhaya dekhate aura bhaya karane kI bAta meM bhaya nahIM dekhate; ve prANI mithyA-dRSTi ko grahaNa karane se durgati ko prApta hote hai| __ --dhammapada-aTThakathA, 22-8 ke AdhAra se / samIkSA isa ghaTanA-prasaMga meM nigaNThoM ke vastra dhAraNa kI carcA hai, para, yaha spaSTa nahIM hotA ki kisa prakAra kA vastra ve dhAraNa karate the aura usakA kyA prayojana thA? para, isase itanA to spaSTa hotA hI hai ki bauddha-paramparA ko sacelaka aura acelaka; donoM hI prakAra ke nigaNThoM kA paricaya hai| 41. moggalAna kA vadha eka samaya taithika loga ekatrita ho salAha karane lage-'jAnate ho, Avuso ! kisa kAraNa se, kisalie, zramaNa gautama kA bahuta lAbha-satkAra ho gayA hai ?'... 'eka mahA-maudgalyAyana ke kAraNa huA hai| vaha devaloka bhI jAkara devatAoM ke kAma ko pUcha kara, Akara manuSyoM ko kahatA hai| naraka meM utpanna huoM ke bhI karma ko pUcha kara Akara, manuSyoM ko kahatA hai| manuSya usakI bAta ko sunakara bar3A lAbha-satkAra pradAna karate haiN| yadi use mAra sakeM, to vaha lAbha-satkAra hameM hone lgegaa...|' taba (unhoMne apane sevakoM ko kaha kara eka hajAra kArSApaNa pAkara, manuSya mArane vAle guNDoM ko bulavA kara-'mahAmaudgalyAyana sthavira kAla-zilA meM vAsa karatA hai, vahA~ jAkara use mAro' (kaha) unheM kArSApaNa de diye| guMDoM (=coroM) ne dhana ke lobha se use svIkAra kara liyA sthavira ko mArane ke lie ve gaye aura unhoMne unake vAsa-sthAna ko ghera liyaa| sthavira unake gherane kI bAta ko jAna gaye / ve kuMjI ke chidra se (bAhara) nikala gye| unhoMne sthavira ko na dekha, phira dUsare dina jAkara gheraa| sthavira jAna kara chata phor3a kara AkAza meM cale gaye / isa prakAra vaha na prathama mAsa meM, na dUsare mAsa meM hI sthavira ko pakar3a sake / antima mAsa prApta hone para, sthavira apane kiye karma kA pariNAma jAna kara sthAna se nahIM htte| ghAtakoM ne jAnakara sthavira ko pakar3a kara unakI haDDI ko taMDula-kaNa jaisA karake mAra ddaalaa| taba unheM marA jAna kara eka jhAr3I ke pIche DAla kara cale ge| sthavira ne 'zAstA ko dekhakara hI mArU~gA' (soca), zarIra ko dhyAna rUpI veSTana se veSTita kara, sthira kara, AkAza-mArga se zAstA ke pAsa jA, zAstA ko vandanA kara "bhante ! parinirvRta houuNgaa'-khaa| "parinirvRta hooge, mauggalAna !" "bhante ! haaN|" "kahA~ jAkara ?" "bhante ! kAla-zilA-pradeza meN|" (moggalAna).. zAstA ko vaMdanA kara kAla-zilA jA parinirvRta hue|... 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 sthavira ke parinirvata hone kA samAcAra jaba rAjA ajAtazatra ko milA, taba usane cara-puruSoM ko niyukta karake pAMca sau coroM tathA nagara ke saba taithikoM ko pakar3avA ma~gAyA aura unheM nAbhI bhara gahare gaDDhoM meM gar3avA kara jIvita hI jalavA diyaa| -dhammapada-aTThakathA, 1017 ke AdhAra se| samIkSA yahA~ vRttAnta do sthAnoM meM upalabdha hotA hai--- jAtaka aTakathA aura ghmmpd-atttthkthaa| jAtaka aTThakathA meM mauggalyAyana ke vadha-prasaMga meM nigaNThoM kA ullekha hai aura dhammapada-aTThakathA meM tAthakoM kA / yathArtha donoM hI nahIM lagate / nigaNThoM va taithikoM ko gahita karane kA hI sArA upakrama lagatA hai| DaoN0 malalazekara ne Dictionary of Pali Proper Names' meM tathA eca0 jI0 e0 vAna bhaiyaTa ne Encyclopaedia of Buddhism2 meM likhA hai-"ajAtazatru ne 500 nigaNThoM kA vadha karavAyA; isalie hI nigaNThoM kA abhiprAya ajAtazatru ke prati acchA nahIM rhaa|" yaha likhanA yathArtha nahIM hai| vastusthiti to yaha hai ki bauddha-paramparA ajAtazatru kI bahuta sthaloM para upekSA karatI hai| jabaki jaina-paramparA mukhyatayA use sammAnita sthAna detI hai| ajAtazatru nigaNThoM kA vadha karAye, yaha jarA bhI sambhava nahIM lgtaa| 42. milinda prazna jambUdvIpa ke sAgala nagara meM milinda rAjA huaa| vaha paNDita, catura, buddhimAna aura yogya thA / bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna sabhI yoga-vidhAna meM vaha sAvadhAna rahatA thaa| unnIsa vidyAoM meM pAraMgata thaa| zAstrArtha karane meM advitIya aura zreSTha thaa| vaha sabhI tIrthaMkaroM (AcAryoM) meM zreSTha samajhA jAtA thaa| rAjA milinda ke samAna prajJA, bala, vega, vIratA, dhana aura bhoga meM jambUdvIpa meM dUsarA koI nahIM thaa| vaha mahAsampattizAlI aura unnatizIla thaa| usakI senAoM aura vAhanoM kA anta nahIM thaa| rAjA milinda eka dina caturaMginI ananta senA ko dekhane ke abhiprAya se nagara ke bAhara aayaa| senAoM kI gaNanA karane ke anantara vAda-priya rAjA ne zAstrArtha karane ke abhiprAya se utsukatApUrvaka AkAza kI ora dekhA aura apane amAtyoM ko sambodhita kiyA 1. Vol I, p.35 2. P. 320. 3. vizeSa varNana dekheM; 'anuyAyI rAjA' prakaraNa ke antargata 'ajAtazatru (pR0 333 4. indognIka samrATa minAndara (Minander) hI rAjA milinda thA, jisakI rAjadhAnI sAgala (vartamAna-syAlakoTa) thI; aisA vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai| dekheM; milinda prazna (hindI anuvAda), pR0 4 / 2010_05 |

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtAputta 441 "abhI bahuta samaya avaziSTa hai| kyA yahA~ nagara meM koI aisA paNDita samyak-sambuddha ke siddhAntoM kA jJAtA, zramaNa-brAhmaNa yA gaNAcArya hai, jisake sAtha vArtAlApa karU~, jo merI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna kara ske|" pAMca sau yavanoM ne rAjA se nivedana kiyA-"mahArAja ! aise chaH paNDita haiM; 1. pUraNa kassapa, 2. makkhali gozAla, 3. nigaNTha nAtaputta, 4. saMjaya velaTThiputra, 5. ajita kesa-kambalI aura 6. pakudha kaccAyana / ve saMgha-nAyaka, gaNa-nAyaka, gaNAcArya, prAjJa aura tIrthaMkara haiN| janatA meM unakA bar3A sammAna hai| mahArAja ! Apa unake pAsa jAyeM aura apanI zaMkAoM ko dUra kreN| ...ve bhikSu ke tumatI vimAna meM mahAsena devaputra ke rUpa meM utpanna hue| rAjA milinda ke praznoM ko samAhita karane ke lie saMgha dvArA vizeSa prArthanA kiye jAne para ve himAlaya ke pAsa brAhmaNoM ke kAjaMgala grAma meM sonuttara brAhmaNa ke ghara avatarita hue| unakA nAma nAgasena rakhA gyaa| Age calakara yahI AcArya nAgasena hue, jinhoMne rAjA milinda ke praznoM ko samAhita kiyaa| - milinda prazna (hindI-anuvAda), anu0 bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa, pR0 4.6 ke AdhAra se| samIkSA rAjA milinda buddha-nirvANa ke 500 varSa pazcAt huA, aisA batAyA gayA hai| yahA~ bhI buddha ke atirikta chahoM dharmanAyakoM ke nAma ginAye gaye haiN| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki bauddha-sAhitya meM aisI eka prathA hI rahI hai ki nigaNTha, AjIvika prabhUti bhikSuoM ke sambandha se bhI kucha kahanA ho, to unake pravartaka nigaNTha nAtaputta, makkhali gozAla ke nAma se hI kaha diyA jaaye| nigaNTha nAtaputta kI vartamAnatA meM bhI jahA~-tahA~ unakA nAma AyA hai, aneka sthaloM para ghaTanA kA sambandha nigaNTha bhikSuoM se hI ho sakatA hai / isI ghaTanA-prasaMga para bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa kA kahanA hai-"mAlUma hotA hai ki ina (chahoM tIrthaMkaroM) kI apanI-apanI gaddiyA~ inhIM nAmoM se calatI hoMgI, jaise--mAratavarSa meM 'zaMkarAcArya' kI gaddI abhI taka banI hai| kintu ina gaddiyoM kA kaba Arambha huA aura kaba anta; isakA patA nhiiN|" zaMkarAcArya kI taraha eka hI nAma se ina saba kI gaddiyA~ calatI hoM, isakA to koI AdhAra nahIM hai, para, una matoM ke sambandha meM yaha eka kahane kI paddhati (Stock Phrase) rahI hai, aisA avazya baiMgatA hai| 43. laMkA meM nirgrantha rAjA pANDukAmaya kA rAjyAbhiSeka huaa| usane suvarNapAlI ko agramahiSI ke pada para va candrakumAra ko purohita ke pada para abhiSikta kiyaa|...... rAjA ne pA~ca sau caNDAla 1. milinda prazna (hindI-anuvAda), anu0 bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa, pR0 4 / 2. vahI bodhinI, pR06| 2010_05

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442 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 nagara kI saphAI ke lie, do sau caNDAla nAliyoM kI saphAI ke lie, Der3ha sau caNDAla murde uThAne ke lie aura Der3ha sau hI zmazAna meM prAtihArika ke rUpa meM niyukta kiye| zmazAna kI pazcimottara dizA meM caNDAloM kA grAma basAyA gayA / caNDAla- grAma kI pUrvottara dizA meM caNDAloM ke lie eka nIcA zmazAna banAyA gayA / zmazAna ke uttara aura pASANa-parvata ke bIca zikAriyoM ke lie gharoM kI katAra bnvaaii| usake uttara meM grAmaNI vApI taka aneka tapasviyoM ke lie Azrama banavAye / usI zmazAna ke pUrva meM rAjA ne jotiya nigaNTha ke lie ghara banavAyA / usI sthAna para giri nAmaka nigaSTha tathA anya bhI aneka matoM ke bahuta sAre zramaNa rahate the / vahIM rAjA ne kumbhaNDa nigaNTha ke lie eka devAlaya banAyA, jo usake nAma se hI vizruta huA / 1 devAlaya ke pazcima meM tathA zikAriyoM ke gharoM se pUrva kI ora pA~ca sau anya matAvalambI' parivAra basate the / jotiya ke ghara se usa ora aura grAmaNI vApI se isa ora parivrAjakoM ke lie eka Azrama banavAyA / AjIvikoM ke lie ghara, brAhmaNoM ke lie nivAsasthAna, yatra-tatra prasUtikA gRha aura rogI - gRha bhI banavAye / - mahAvaMza, pariccheda 10, zlo0 77-76 va 61 se 102 ke AdhAra se / samIkSA isa samullekha se yaha jhalaka milatI hai ki nirgrantha-dharma samudroM pAra videzoM meM bhI gayA thA / pANDukA bhaya ( I0 pU0 370-300 ) rAjA samrAT azoka se bhI lagabhaga 100 varSa pUrva hotA hai / mahendra aura saMghamitrA se bahuta pUrva kI yaha ghaTanA hai / jaina sAhitya meM ina nigaNThoM kI koI carcA nahIM haiM / ukta ghaTanA-prasaMga se yaha bhI spaSTa nahIM hotA hai ki ye nigaNTha gRhI the yA bhikSuka / jotiya nigaNTha ko mahAvaMza TIkA meM 'nagara vardhakI' kahA gayA hai / 44. vaizAlI meM mahAmArI usa samaya himAlaya kI upatyakA meM eka kuNDalA nAmaka yakSiNI rahatI thI / usake sahasra putra the / kuNDalA mara gaI / sahasra yakSa manuSyoM ke bala kA apaharaNa karate aura mahAmArI phailAte / ve do prakAra kI mahAmArI phailAte - eka maNDalaka aura eka adhivAsa / maNDalaka parivAra ke logoM meM phailatI aura adhivAsa pradeza bhara ke logoM meN| eka bAra ye sahasra yakSa vaizAlI Aye / manuSyoM ke bala kA apaharaNa kiyA / adhivAsa mahAmArI phailI / uttarottara loga marane lage / eka-eka kara aneka devatAoM kI logoM ne ArAdhanA kI, para, roga zAnta nahIM huA / taba logoM ne eka-eka kara kramazaH kAzyapa pUraNa, maskarI gozAliputra, kakuda kAtyAyana, ajita kesa kambalI saJjayin veraTTiputra aura nirgrantha jJAtiputra ko bulAyA / taba bhI roga 1. mithyA dRSTi vAle / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtAputta 443 zAnta nahIM huA / mahAmArI meM jo loga mare the, unameM se kucha devagati meM utpanna hue / unhoMne A kara vaizAlI - vAsiyoM se kahA--" aneka kalpoM ke pazcAt loka meM buddha utpanna hue haiM / ve jahA~ rahate haiM, vahA~ mahAmArI Adi roga utpanna nahIM hote / " taba tomara licchavI rAjagRha se buddha ko lekara AyA / unake praveza mAtra se mahAmArI roga zAnta huA / sahasra yakSa parAbhUta ho vaMzAlI chor3a gaye / -- Mahavastu, Tr. by J. J. Jones, vol I. pp. 208 to 209 ke AdhAra se / samIkSA kathA sArI kI sArI buddha kI zlAghA meM gar3hI gaI hai / jahA~ buddha rahate haiM, vahA~ mahAmArI Adi roga nahIM hote; isa viSaya meM jaina paramparA kI mAnyatA hai - "jahA~ jina rahate haiM, vahA~ cAroM dizAoM meM paccIsa-paccIsa yojanA tathA Urdhva aura adho dizA meM sAr3he bAraha yojanA taka iti, mahAmArI, svacakrabhaya, paracakrabhaya, ativRSTi, anAvRSTi, durbhikSa, upapAta Adi nahIM hote / " 45. namo buddhassa, namo arahantAnaM rAjagRha meM eka samyag - dRSTi bAlaka aura eka mithyA dRSTi bAlaka rahatA thA / jaba ve gullI-DaNDA khelate, to samyagdRSTi bAlaka kahatA- 'namo buddhassa aura mithyA-dRSTi bAlaka kahatA - namo arahantAnaM / jIta sadA samyag - dRSTi bAlaka kI hotI / mithyA dRSTi bAlaka ke mana meM bhI buddha ke prati zraddhA jagI aura vaha bhI namo buddhassa kahane lagA / eka dina vaha apane pitA ke sAtha kASTha kI bharI gAr3I lekara jaMgala se A rahA thA / mArga meM zmazAna ke pAsa una donoM ne vizrAma kiyaa| bailoM ko bhI gAr3I se khola diyA / khule baila nagara meM cale gaye / kucha samaya pazcAt pitA bhI bailoM ko khojate khojate nagara meM calA gayA / vaha bailoM ko lekara vApasa lauTane lagA, to nagara-dvAra banda milA / zmazAna meM lar3akA akelA hI rAta bhara rhaa| rAta ko do bhUta Aye / eka samyag - dRSTi thA, eka mithyA-dRSTi | mithyA dRSTi bhUta ne bAlaka ko kaSTa denA cAhA, para, bAlaka ke mu~ha se nikalA - 'namo buddhassa bhUta bhayabhIta ho kara dUra haTa gyaa| donoM bhUtoM ke mana meM bAlaka ke prati pyAra utpanna huA / rAjA bimbisAra ke rAjaprAsAda se ve svarNa thAla aura pakavAna lAye / bAlaka ke mAtA-pitA kA hI rUpa banA kara unhoMne use bhojana karAyA / svarNa thAla ko unhoMne vahIM bailagAr3I meM chor3a diyA / prAtaH rAjA ke ArakSaka svarNa thAla ke cora kI khoja meM nikale / lar3ake ko pakar3a kara rAjA ke pAsa lAye aura kahA - " rAjan ! yahI svarNa thAla kA cora hai / " lar3ake ne sahaja rUpa se jo use avagata thA, kahA / lar3ake ke mUla mAtA-pitA bhI vahA~ pahu~ca gaye / vastusthiti sabakI samajha meM A gaI / 1. samavAyAMga sUtra, samavAya 34 / 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : rAjA bAlaka ko le kara buddha ke pAsa AyA aura bolA- "bhante ! buddhAnusmRti se hI isa bAlaka kI rakSA huI hai / " - dhammapada aTThakathA, 21-5 ke AdhAra se / 444 samIkSA namo buddhassa aura namo arahantAnaM kA zabda prayoga tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke lie bahuta hI rocaka ho jAtA hai / donoM paramparAoM kA vandana sUkta bahuta hI samAna zailI se prasUta huA hai | 'samyagdRSTi' aura 'mithyA dRSTi' ke zabda prayoga bhI donoM paramparAoM kI samAna dhAraNAoM ke sUcaka haiM / jaina paramparA bhI ukta abhiprAya meM 'samyag dRSTi' aura 'mithyA dRSTi' kA prayoga karatI hai / prastuta ghaTanA-prasaMga kA zeSa mahattva eka dantakathA ke rUpa meM hI raha jAtA hai / 46. nirgranthoM ko dAna rAjagRha meM eka brAhmaNa rahatA thA / vaha sAriputta kA mAmA thA / sAriputta sthavira ne eka bAra apane mAmA se pUchA - "vipravara ! koI puNya karma karate ho ?" "bhante ! brahmaloka jAne ke lie prati mAsa eka sahasra mudrAeM vyaya kara nirgranthoM ko dAna detA hU~ / ' sAriputra brAhmaNa ko sAtha lekara buddha ke pAsa Aye / brAhmaNa se kahA - "brahmaloka jAne kA mArga buddha se puucho|" brAhmaNa ne vaisA hI kiyA / bhagavAn ne kahA - "isa prakAra ke sau varSa taka diye gaye dAna se bhI mere bhikSuoM ko muhUrtamAtra prasanna citta se dekhanA yA unheM kur3achI bhara mikSA denA zreSTha hai| - dhammapada aTThakathA, 8-5 ke AdhAra se / samIkSA dhammapada - aTThakathA ke racayitA ne dhammapada kI pratyeka gAthA para koI eka kathA likha denA Avazyaka hI samajhA hai, aisA lagatA hai| bahuta sambhava hai, isa hetu unheM bahuta sArI kathAeM apanI ora se hI gar3ha denI par3I hoM / nirgrantha apane lie pakAyA va apane lie kharIdA anna, vastra Adi grahaNa nahIM krte| isa sthiti meM yaha kathA vastu saMdigdha hI raha jAtI hai / 1. mAse mAse sahassena yo yajetha sataM samaM / ekaJca bhAvitattAnaM muhuttamapi pUjaye / sA deva pUjanA seyyo yaM ce passasataM hutaM / / 2010_05 - dhammapada, 106

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta sAriputta ke mAmA ko yahA~ nirgrantha-upAsaka mAnA gayA hai / buddha ke cAcA nirgranthaupAsaka the hii| isase itanA to pratIta hotA hI hai ki nirgrantha-dharma aura bauddha-dharma aneka parivAroM meM ghule-mile hI calate the| lagatA hai, donoM paramparAoM kI dAna-viSayaka dhAraNA bahuta kucha samAna rahI hai| apane-apane bhikSuoM ko diyA gayA dAna hI donoM paramparAoM meM pAtra-dAna mAnA gayA hai / phira bhI nirgranthoM ko dene se brahmaloka hI mile, aisA koI vizeSa ullekha nirgrantha-paramparA meM nahIM miltaa| 47. nAlaka parivrAjaka asita RSi ne nAlaka parivrAjaka se kahA-"loka meM buddha utpanna hue haiN| jijJAsAoM ke samAdhAna ke lie tuma vArANasI cale jaao|" vaha vahA~ gyaa| vahA~ usane eka-eka kara kAzyapapUraNa yAvat nirgrantha jJAtiputta se tattva-carcA kii| kisI se use santoSa nahIM huaa| anta meM buddha ke pAsa gayA aura apanI jijJAsA kA samAdhAna pA kara santuSTa huaa| -Mahavastu, Tr. by J. J. Jones, vol III, p. 379-388 ke AdhAra se / samIkSA yaha prasaMga mahAyAna-paramparA kA hai| hInayAna-paramparA meM bhI nAlaka sutta' meM yahI kathA-prasaMga upalabdha hotA hai, para, vahA~ buddha ke atirikta anya dharma-nAyakoM kA ullekha nahIM 48. jina-zrAvakoM ke sAtha eka bAra buddha zrAvastI meM vihAra kara rahe the| bhikSuoM ko AmaMtrita kara bole"bhikSuo ! maiM pravajita ho, vaizAlI gyaa| vahA~ apane tIna sau ziSyoM ke sAtha ArAr3a-kAlAma rahate the| maiM unake pAsa gyaa| ve apane jina-zrAvakoM ko kahate- 'tyAga karo, tyAga kro|' jina zrAvaka kahate--'hama tyAga karate haiM hama tyAga karate haiN|' "maiMne ArAr3a-kAlAma se kahA- 'maiM bhI ApakA ziSya honA cAhatA huuN|' unhoMne kahA-'jaise tuma cAhate ho, vaisA kro|' maiM ziSya rUpa meM vahA~ rahane lgaa| jo unhoMne sikhAyA, vaha maiMne sIkhA / merI medhA se ve prabhAvita hue| unhoMne kahA- 'jo maiM jAnatA hU~ vahI yaha gautama jAnatA hai / acchA ho, gautama ! hama donoM mila kara saMgha kA saMcAlana kreN|' isa taraha kaha unhoMne mujhe sammAnita pada diyaa| "mujhe lagA-'itanA-sA jJAna pApa-nAza ke lie paryApta nahIM hai| mujhe aura gaveSaNA karanI caahie|' yaha soca maiM rAjagRha aayaa| vahA~ apane sAta sau ziSyoM ke parivAra se udraka 1. suttanipAta, 37 / 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 rAmaputra rahate the| ve bhI apane jina zrAvakoM ko vaisA hI kahate the / maiM unakA bhI ziSya bnaa| unase bhI maiMne bahuta kucha siikhaa| unhoMne bhI mujhe sammAnita pada diyaa| para, mujhe lagA-'itanA jJAna bhI pApa-kSaya ke lie paryApta nahIM hai| mujhe aura anveSaNa karanA caahie|' yaha soca maiM vahA~ se bhI cala pdd'aa|" -Mahavastu Tr. by j. j. jones vol, II, p p. 114-117 ke AdhAra se| samIkSA yahA~ 'jina-zrAvaka' zabda kA prayoga ArAr3a kAlAma, udraka rAmaputra va unake anuyAyiyoM kA nigaNTha dharmI honA sUcita karatA hai| yaha prakaraNa mahAvastu grantha kA hai, jo mahAyAna kA pramukha grantha hai / mahAyAna ke tripiTaka pAli meM na hokara saMskRta meM haiN| pAli tripiTakoM meM jisa abhiprAya meM 'nigaNTha' zabda AtA hai, usI artha meM yahA~ 'jina-zrAvaka zabda AyA hai|' isa prasaMga se yaha to vizeSa rUpa se spaSTa hotA hI hai ki buddha ne 'jina-zrAvakoM ke sAtha raha kara bahuta kucha sIkhA va paayaa| 46. bhadrA kuNDalakezA bhadrA kuNDalakezA rAjagRha ke eka zrImanta kI kanyA thii| usakA pitA rAjakIya koSAdhyakSa thaa| bhadrA surUpa va guNavatI thii| eka dina prAsAda meM baiThe usane dekhA, ArakSaka eka sundara taruNa ko bandI banAye vadha-sthAna kI ora le jA rahe haiN| bhadrA usa taruNa ke lAvaNya para mugdha hii| usane haTha pakar3A-"merA vivAha isI taruNa ke sAtha ho|' mAtA pitA ne bahuta samajhAyAH para, vaha nahIM maanii| usake pitA ne ArakSakoM ko dhana dekara pracchanna rUpa se usa vadhya ko bacA liyaa| vaha rAjagRha ke rAja purohita kA putra thaa| usakA janma bhI usI dina huA, jisa dina bhadrA kA huA thaa| vaha cora nakSatra meM janmA thA, isalie usakA nAma satthuka thaa| corI ke aparAdha meM hI use prANa-daNDa milA thaa| donoM kA vivAha ho gyaa| kucha dina hI gRha-jIvana sukha se claa| satthuka ke mana meM phira corI karane kI Ane lgii| eka dina usane bhadrA se kahA- maiMne prANa-daNDa ke samaya devArcA kI manautI kI thii| bahuta dina hue, aba use pUrI karanA hai| sundara vastra AbhUSaNa pahana tuma mere sAtha clo| hama parvata para cleNge|" bhadrA ne vaisA hI kiyaa| parvata para pahu~ca kara satthuka ne bhadrA se kahA"saba AbhUSaNa khola do aura marane ke lie-taiyAra ho jaao| maiM janma-jAta cora huuN| tuma nirI mUrkha ho, jo mere sAtha lgii|" bhadrA sahama gii| usane kahA-"prANeza! merA aba koI sahArA nahIM hai / tuma sujhe mAroge aura AbhUSaNa loge / tumhAre se antima vidA letI huI maiM eka bAta cAhatI hU~; pUrI karoge? maiM sarvAMga AliMgana cAhatI huuN| phira mujhe maranA bhI sukhakara hogaa|"stthuk isake lie sahamata huaa| bhadrA ne pITha kI ora se AliMgana karate, use aisA dhakkA de mArA ki parvata zikhara se lur3hakate vaha bahuta hI gahare garta meM jA giraa| 1. Cf. Mahavastu, Tr. By J.J. Jones, vol. II, pp. 114n, ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta bhadrA ne socA-."aba maiM nagara meM apane mAtA-pitA ko kaise muMha dikhAU~gI ? maiMne saba ke rokate-rokate satthuka ke sAtha vivAha kiyA aura usakA pariNAma yaha nikalA |"vh parvata se nIce utara kara eka zveta vastra dhArI nigaNThoM ke saMgha meM pravrajita ho gii| vahA~ usakA luMcana huA / lucana ke pazcAt usake mastaka para kuNDalAkAra keza Aye; ataH usakA nAma bhadrA kuNDala kezA pdd'aa| usane zAstrAbhyAsa kiyA / tarka-vitarka meM kuzala huI / nigaNTha dharma se asantuSTa ho kara svataMtra vihAra karane lgii| pratyeka gA~va meM vaha paNDitoM ko zAstrArtha ke lie cunautI detii| cunautI kA usakA prakAra thA nAma ke bAhara dhUli jamA kara jAmuna kI zAkhA ropa detii| logoM se kahatI-"jo ise bAlakoM se rauMdavA degA, vaha mujha se zAstrArtha kregaa|" usane aneka vidvAnoM ko parAjita kiyaa| eka bAra thAvastI meM agrazrAvaka sAriputta se usakA zAstrArtha huaa| sAriputta se usane aneka prazna puuche| sAriputa ne unakA yathArtha uttara diyaa| anta meM sAriputta ne usase eka prazna kiyA - "eka satya kyA hai, jo saba ke lie mAnya ho ?"bhadrA utara nahIM de skii| zraddhApUrvaka usane kahA-"bhante ! maiM ApakI zaraNa huuN|' sAriputta ne kahA - "zAstA kI zaraNa lo, tumheM zAnti milegii|" __vaha buddha ke pAsa gii| buddha ne use kahA-"anartha padoM se yukta sau gAthAe~ kahane kI apekSA dharma kA eka pada bhI kahanA zreSTha hai, jise suna kara upazama hotA hai|" yaha sunakara zAstA ne use pravajita kiyaa| bhadrA arhat huii|' -dhammapada aTThakathA, 8/3 therIgAthA aTakathA, pR0 66 ke AdhAra se / zAstA ke upadezoM kA vistAra karatI vaha magadha, kosala, kAzI, vajjI, aMga Adi dezoM meM vihAra karatI rhii| 'buddha ne use prakhara pratibhA meM agragaNyA kahA / 2 samIkSA prasaMga bahuta hI sarasa va ghaTanAtmaka hai / buddha kI pramukha ziSyA kA pahale nigaNTha-saMgha meM dIkSita honA, eka vizeSa bAta hai| keza-luMcana va zveta vastradhArI nigaNThoM kA ullekha aitihAsika mahattva kA hai| 50. jyotivid nigaNTha . gaMgA nadI ke kinAre eka brahmacArI nigaNTha rahatA thaa| usake 500 anuyAyI the| vaha jyotirmaNDala kA jJAtA thA / vaha grahoM aura nakSatroM ke udayAsta dekhakara bhaviSya batAtA eka dina gaMgA nadI ke kinAre apane anayAyioM ke sAtha vaha bhAgya-sambandhI carcA kara rahA thaa| usa carcA-prasaMga meM prazna uThA--"bhAgya kahate kise haiM ?" unheM paraspara ke saMlApa se koI santoSajanaka samAdhAna nahIM milA, taba ve saba bodhi-vRkSa ke pAsa Aye aura unhoMne tathAgata se yaha prazna pUchA / tathAgata ko kucha hI samaya pUrva yahA~ bodhi-lAbha huA thaa| zAstA ne saMyama, 1. therI gAthA, 107-11 / 2. aMguttara nikAya, ekakkanipAta, 14 / ____ 2010_05

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448 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 sAdhanA Adi guNoM kA kathana kiyA aura kahA-inheM jo dhAraNa kiye rahatA hai, vaha bhAgyazAlI hai| zAstA ke isa uttara se saba prabhAvita hue aura zAstA ke pAsa pravRjita hue| --cInI dhammapada kathA ke AdhAra para; S. Beal, Dhammapada. (Tr. from Chinese) pp. 103-4 Susil Gupta (India) Ltd, Calcutta, 1952. samIkSA jaina kathA-sAhitya meM isa prakAra ke ghaTanA-prasaMga kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| yaha ghaTanA itanA avazya vyakta karatI hai ki buddha ke bodhi-lAbha se pUrva bhI nigaNTha loga bar3e-bar3e samudAyoM meM vidyamAna the| jaina kathA-sAhitya meM aise prasaMga bahuta alpa haiM, jinameM bauddha-bhikSa nigaNTha-zAsana meM praveza karate haiM, jaba ki bauddha-kathA-sAhitya meM prastuta prakAra ke kathAprasaMgoM kI bahulatA hai| isase nigaNThoM kI pUrvavartitA spaSTataH vyakta hotI hai / buddha se mahAvIra ke jyeSTha hone kA bhI yaha eka spaSTa AdhAra banatA hai| 51. dhUli-dhUsarita nigaNTha uttaravartI pradeza meM usa samaya 500 brahmaNa rahate the| unhoMne socA, gaMgA ke kinAre eka nigaNTha sAdhu rahatA hai| vaha tapasvI hai, apane zarIra ko dhUli-dhUsarita rakhatA hai| jJAnaprApti ke lie hameM usake pAsa calanA caahie| ve vahA~ se cle| ghane jaMgala meM ve pyAse ho gaye / pyAsa se pIr3ita ho krandana karane lge| usa vana ke eka vRkSa se eka bhUta prakaTa huaa| usane sabako pAnI pilaayaa| brAhmaNoM ke sammukha usane buddha kI prazaMsA kI / ve brAhmaNa nigaNTha ke pAsa na jAkara, buddha ke pAsa zrAvastI A gye| buddha ne kahA-naMge rahane se jaTA rakhane se, dhUli-dhUsarita hone se, upavAsa karane se, bhUmi para sone se kisI kA kalyANa nahIM hogaa| kalyANa to Atma-guNoM ke vikAsa se hotA hai| yaha saba suna kara 500 brAhyaNa vauddha bana gye| -cInI dhammapada kI kathA ke AdhAra para; S. Beal, op cit 54. -cAnA cA ___ 2010_05

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18 AcAra-grantha aura AcAra-saMhitA AcAra aura paramparA kA pahalU bhI donoM dharma-saMghoM ke tulanAtmaka anveSaNa kA sundara viSaya banatA hai| AcAra aura paramparA kI carcA samagra Agama aura tripiTaka sAhitya meM chitarI par3I hai, para, mukhyata: jainAcAra kI sUcanA misIha detA hai aura bauddha-AcAra kI sUcanA vinaya pittk| NisIha jaina-Agama pracalita vibhAga-krama ke anusAra cAra prakAra ke haiM-1. aGga, 2. upAGga 3. mUla aura 4. cheda / cheda-vibhAga meM NisIha eka pramukha Agama hai| isakI apanI kucha svataMtra vizeSatAe~ haiN| isakA adhyayana vahI sAdhu kara sakatA hai, jo tIna varSa se dIkSita ho aura gAmbhIrya guNopeta ho / praur3hatA kI dRSTi se kakSA meM bAla vAlA 16 varSa kA sAdhu hI NisIha kA vAcaka ho sakatA hai| NisIha kA jJAtA hue binA koI sAdhu apane sambandhiyoM ke ghara bhikSArtha nahIM jA sakatA aura na vaha upAdhyAyAdi pada ke upayukta bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai|' sAdhu-maNDalI kA aguA hone meM aura svatantra vihAra karane meM bhI NisIha kA jJAna Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| nizIthajJa hue binA koI sAdhu prAyazcita dene kA adhikArI nahIM ho sktaa| ina sAre vidhi-vidhAnoM se NisIha kI mahattA bhalI-bhAMti vyakta ho jAtI hai| racanA-kAla aura racayitA paramparAgata dhAraNAoM ke anusAra sabhI Agama mahAvIra kI vANIrUpa haiM / aGga AgamoM kA saMkalana paMcama gaNadhara va mahAvIra ke uttarAdhikArI zrI sudharmAsvAmI ke dvArA 1. nizItha cUNi, gA0 6265; vyavahAra sUtra, udde0 10, gA0-20-21 tathA vyavahAra ___ bhASya, udde0 7, gA0 202-3 / 2. vyavahAra sUtra, udde0 6, sU0 2,3 / 3. vahI, udde0 3, sU0 3 / 4. vahI, udda0 3 sU0 1 / 2010_05

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450 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 huA / aGga tara AgamoM kA saMkalana bahuzruta va jJAna sthavira muniyoM dvArA huaa| jisIha bhI aGga tara Agama hai; ata: vaha sthavira-kRta hai, yaha kahA jA sakatA hai| para, isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM ki vaha mahAvIra kI vANI se kahIM dUra calA gayA hai / arthAgama rUpa se sabhI Agama bhagavatpraNIta haiM / sUtrAgama rUpa se ve gaNadhara - kRta yA sthavira - kRta haiM / Agama-praNetA sthavira bhI pUrvadhara hote haiM / unakA praNayana utanA hI mAnya hai, jitanA gaNadharoM kA / aba prazna rahatA hai, racayitA ke nAma aura racanA kAla kA / bhASya, cUrNi va niryukti se racayitA ke sambandha meM aneka abhimata nikalate haiM / nizItha kA anya nAma AcAra prakalpa va AyAraMga ( AcarAMga ) hai / AyAraMga cUrNi ke racayitA ne isa sambandha se carcA karate hue ' sthavira' zabda kA artha 'gaNadhara ' kiyA hai / ' AyAraMga niyukti kI therehiM ( gA0 287 ) ke sthavira zabda kI vyAkhyA AcArya zIlAMka ne isa prakAra kI hai - sthaviraizrutavaddhaM zcaturdazapUrvavidbhiH / yahA~ zrutavRddhacaturdaza pUrvaghara muni ko sthavira kahA hai| paMcakalpa bhASya kI cUrNi meM batAyA gayA hai- - "isa AcAra prakalpa kA praNayana bhadrabAhu svAmI ne kiyA hai / " nizItha sUtra kI katipaya prazasti gAthAoM ke anusAra isake racayitA vizAkhAcArya pramANita hote haiM / isa prakAra NisIha ke sambandha se kisI eka hI karttA vizeSa ko pakar3a pAnA kaThina hai / tatsambandhI matabhedoM kA kAraNa NisIha kI apanI avasthiti bhI ho sakatI hai / aitihAsika gaveSaNAoM se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki misIha sutta prArambha meM AyAraMga sUtra kI cUlA rUpa thA / aitihAsika AdhAroM se yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai, AyAraMga svayaM pahale nava adhyayanoM taka hI gaNadhara - racita dvAdazAMgI kA prathama aMga thA / kramazaH sthaviroM ne isake AcAra-sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM kA pallavana kiyA aura prathama, dvitIya, tRtIya cUlikAoM ke rUpa meM unheM isa aMga ke sAtha saMlagna kiyaa| sAdhujana AcAra-sambandhI niyamoM kA ullaMghana kare, to unake lie prAyazcita vidhAna kA eka svatantra prakaraNa sthaviroM ne banAyA aura cUlA ke rUpa meM AyAraMga ke sAtha jor3a diyA / yaha prakaraNa navama pUrva ke AcAra vastu vibhAga se nikAlA gayA thaa| isakA viSaya AyAraMga se sambandhita thA; ata: vahIM vaha eka cUlA ke rUpa meM saMyukta kiyA gayA / jisIha kA eka nAma AyAra bhI hai / ho sakatA hai, vaha isI bAta kA pratIka ho / Age cala kara sthaviroM dvArA gopyatA Adi kAraNoM se vaha cUlA AyAraMga se punaH pRthak ho gaI / usakA nAma jisIha rakhA gayA aura vaha svataMtra Agama ke rUpa meM cheda sUtra kA eka pramukha aMga bana gayA / karttA ke sambandha meM nAnA 1. eyANi puNa AyAraggANi AyAra ceva nijjUDhANi / ke NijjUDhAni ? therehiM ( 287 ) therA - gaNadharA // 2. daMsaNacaritajutto, jutto guttIsu sajjaNahiesu / nAmeNa visAhagaNI mahatta rao, guNAma maMjUsA // 1 // kittIkaMtipiDho, jasapatto (do) par3aho tisAgaraniruddho / purUttaM bhAI bhahiM, sasivva gagaNaM guNaM tassa ||2|| tassa lihiyaM nisIhaM, dhammadhurAvaraNapavara pujjassa / AroggaM dhAeNijjaM, sissapa sissova bhojjaM ca // 3 // 2010_05 - AyAraMga cUrNi, pR0 366 - nizItha sUtram, caturthaM vibhAga, pR0 395

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itihAsa aura paramparA] AcAra-grantha aura AcAra-saMhitA 451 dhAraNAe~ cUNi aura bhASya meM mila rahI haiM / vibhinna apekSAoM se ho sakatA hai, ve sabhI sahI hoN| isa ghaTanAtmaka itihAsa meM kisI apekSA se usake kartA bhadrabAhu mAna liye gaye hoM aura kisI apekSA se vizAkhAcArya / aitihAsika dRSTipAta se NisIha sUtra kA racanA-kAla bahuta prAktana praNANita holA hai| pro. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ke matAnusAra yaha bhadrabAhu kRta ho yA vizAkhAcArya kRta, vIra nirvANa se 150 yA 175 varSoM ke antargata hI racA jA cukA thaa| astu, yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai, yaha grantha arthAgama rUpa se 2500 varSa tathA sUtrAgama rUpa se 2300 varSa prAcIna hai| NisIha zabda kA abhiprAya NisIha zabda kA mUla AdhAra nisIha zabda hai| kucha eka granthakAroM ne Nisihiya, misIhiya aura Nisehiya nAma se isa Agama ko abhivyakta kiyA hai tathA isakA sambandha saMskRta ke niSidhikA zabda se jor3A hai| isakA abhiprAya hotA hai, niSedhaka shaastr| yaha vyAkhyA mukhyataH digambIya digambarIya SavalA, jaya dhavalA, gommaTasAra TIkA Adi granthoM kI hai| pazcimI vidvAna vebara ne bhI isI artha ko mAnyatA dI hai| tattvArtha bhASya meM nisIha zabda kA saMskRta rUpa 'nizItha' mAnA hai| niyuktikAra ne bhI yahI artha abhipreta mAnA hai| cUrNikAra ke matAnusAra nizItha zabda kA artha hai-aprakAza AcArya hemacandra kahate haiM : nizIthastvardharAtro arthAt nizItha zabda kA artha hai-artha rAtri / sArAMza yaha huA eka paramparA ke anusAra isa Agama kA nAma hai-niSedhaka' to eka mAnyata ke anusAra isakA nAma hai-'aprkaashy'| NisIha sUtra ke antargata jo viSaya hai. usa donoM hI nAmoM kI saMgati baiTha sakatI hai| pariSada meM isakA vAcana na kiyA jAye. isa cira. mAnyatA ke anusAra vaha aprakAzya hI hai aura isameM akaraNIya kAryoM kI tAlikA hai: ata: yaha niSedhaka bhI hai| phira bhI yathArtha rUpa meM niSedhaka Agama AyAraMga ko hI mAnanA cAhie. jisakI bhASA hai--sAdhu aisA na kreN| NisIha kI bhASA Adi se anta taka eka rUpa hai aura vaha yaha ki sAdhu amuka kArya kare to amuka prakAra kA praayshcitt| isa dRSTi se 'niSedhaka' kI apekSA 'aprakAzya' artha 1. nizItha sUtram, caturtha bhAga meM 'nizItha: eka adhyayana, pR0 25, pra0 sanmatijJAnapITha, AgarA, 1660 / 2. The name (nisIha) is explained strangely enough by Nishitha though the character of the contents would lead us to expect Nishedha (nissedh)| -Indin Antiquary, Vol. 21, p. 97. 3. NisIhamaprakAzam / -nizItha cUNi, gA0 68, 1483 4. mabhidhAna cintAmaNi koza (nAmamAlA), 2-56 / ___ 2010_05

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452 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 yathArthatA ke kucha nikaTa ho jAtA hai| NisIha meM kAma-bhAvanA-sambandhI kucha eka prakaraNa aise haiM, jo sacamuca hI gopya haiM / isa dRSTi se bhI usakA 'aprakAzya' artha saMgata hI hai| mUla aura vistAra NisIha sUtra mUlataH na ati vistRta hai, na ati saMkSipta / isameM 20 uddezaka haiN| pratyeka uddezaka kA viSaya kucha sambaddha hai, kucha prakIrNaka hai| antima uddezaka meM prAyazcitta karane ke prakAroM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| bhASA anya jaina-AgamoM kI taraha ardhamAgadhI hai| bahuta sAre sthaloM para bhAva ati saMkSipta haiN| unakI yathArthatA ko samajhane ke lie apekSAeM khojanI par3atI haiM / udAharaNArtha-jo sAdhu apane A~khoM ke maila ko, kAnoM ke maila ko, dA~toM ke maila ko va nAkhUnoM ke maila ko nikAlatA hai, vizuddha karatA hai, nikAlate va vizuddha karate kisI anya ko acchA samajhatA hai to use laghu mAsika prAyazcitta AtA hai| jo sAdhu apane zarIra kA sveda, vizeSa sveda, maila, jamA huA maila nikAle, zuddha kare, nikAlate hue ko, vizuddha karate hue ko acchA jAne to vaha mAsika prAyazcitta kA bhAgI hotA hai| jo sAdhu dina kA lAyA humA AhAra dina ko bhoge, to vaha guru cAturmAsika prAyazcitta kA bhAgI hotA hai| yahA~ zobhA, Asakti, prathama prahara kA caturtha prahara meM Adi nimitta Upara se na jor3e jAyeM, to bhAva buddhigamya nahIM banate / bIsa uddezakoM meM kula milA kara 1652 bola haiM arthAt itane kAryoM para prAyazcitta-vidhAna hai| bhAva-bhASA saMkSipta hai, isalie Age calakara AcAryoM dvArA isa para cUNi, nirya kti, bhASya Adi likhe gye| isa prakAra kula milAkara yaha eka mahAgrantha bana jAtA hai| tathApi Agama rUpa se mUla NisIha hI mAnA jAtA hai| vyAkhyAe~ kahIM-kahIM to mUla Agama kI bhAvanA se bahuta hI dUra calI gaI haiM; ataH ve jaina-paramparA meM sarva mAnya nahIM haiN| prastuta prakaraNa meM mala Agama hI vivecana aura samIkSA kA viSaya hai| vinaya piTaka bauddha-dharma ke AdhArabhUta tIna piTakoM meM eka vinaya piTaka hai| pAramparika dhAraNAoM ke anusAra buddha-nirvANa ke anantara hI mahAkAzyapa ke tattvAvadhAna meM prathama bauddha saMgIti huI aura vahIM tripiTaka sAhitya kA prathama praNayana huA hai| vinaya piTaka ke antima prakaraNa 1. je bhikkhu appaNo atthimalaM vA kaNNamalaM vA daMtamalaM vA, NapamalaM vA Nahirejja vA, visohejja vA, NiharaMtaM vA, visohaMtaM vA, saaijji| je bhikkhu appaNo kAyAo seyaM vA, jalaM vA, paMkaM vA, malaM vA Niharejja vA, visohejja vA, NiharaMtaM vA, visohaMtaM vA, saaijji| -NisIha sutta u0 3, bola 69-70 2. je bhikkhu diyA asaNaM vA, 4 paDiggahittA diyA muMja i, diyA muMjaMtaM vA saaijji| NisIha sutta u011, bola 176 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] AcAra-grantha aura AcAra-saMhitA 453 cullavagga ke paMcazatikA khaMdhaka meM vinaya piTaka kI racanA kA byaurA dete hue batAyA gayA hai : AyuSmAn mahAkAzyapa ne bhikSuoM ko sambodhita karate hue kahA- "eka samaya meM pAMca sau bhikSuoM ke sAtha pAvA aura kusinArA ke bIca jaMgala meM thaa| mArga se haTa kara eka vakSa ke nIce baiThA thaa| eka AjIvaka usa samaya mandAra-puSpa lekara pAvA ke usI mArga se jA rahA thaa| maiMne usase pUchA-'Avusa! hamAre zAstA ko jAnate ho ?' "AjIvaka ne uttara diyA--hAM, Avusa ! jAnatA hU~, zramaNa gautama ko parinirvANa prApta hue eka saptAha huA hai / maiMne yaha mandAra-puSpa vahIM se liyA hai|" "zramaNa gautama kI smRti mAtra se kucha avItarAga bhikSu bA~ha pakar3a kara rone lage, kucha kaTe vRkSa ke sadRza gira par3e, loTane lage aura kahane lage, bhagavAn bahuta zIghra hI parinirvANa ko prApta ho gaye / kintu, jo vItarAga bhikSu the, ve smRti-samprajanya ke sAtha use sahana kara rahe the aura sacitta hokara soca rahe the, saMskAra (kRta vastue~) anitya haiN| ve aba kahA~ mileMge? "subhadra nAmaka eka vRddha parivrAjaka bhI usa samaya usa pariSad meM baiThA thaa| usane kahA-"bhikSuo ! zoka mata kro| roo mata / zramaNa gautama kI mRtyu se hama suyukta ho gye| usase hama bahudhA pIr3ita rahA karate the| vaha hameM punaH punaH kahA karatA thA; yaha tumheM vihita hai aura yaha vihita nahIM hai / aba hama svataMtra haiN| jo cAheMge, kareMge, nahIM cAheMge, nahIM kreNge|" "acchA ho, aba hama dharma aura vinaya kA saMgAyana kreN| adharma prakaTa ho rahA hai aura dharma ko haTAyA jA rahA hai; avinaya prakaTa ho rahA hai aura vinaya ko haTAyA jA rahA hai| adharmavAdI balavAna ho rahe haiM aura dharmavAdI durbala ho rahe haiN| vinayavAdI hIna ho rahe haiM aura avinayavAdI puSTa ho rahe haiN|" bhikSuoM ne samaveta svara se prastAva rakhA-'to bhante ! Apa sthavira bhikSuoM kA cunAva kreN|" mahAkAzyapa ne usa prastAva ko svIkAra kiyA aura cAra sau ninnAnave arhat bhikSuoM kA cunAva kiyaa| bhikSuoM ne mahAkAzyapa se nivedana kiyA-"bhante ! yadyapi Ananda zekSya (ana-arhat ) haiM, phira bhI chanda (rAga), dveSa, moha, bhaya, agati (kumArga) para jAne ke ayogya haiN| inhoMne bhagavAn ke pAsa bahuta dharma aura vinaya prApta kiyA hai| ata: inheM bhI cuneN|" AyuSyAn mahAkAzyapa ne Ananda ko bhI cunaa| isa prakAra pAMca sau bhikSuoM kA cunarSi sampanna ho gyaa| sthAna kA vimarSaNa karate hue sthavira bhikSuoM ne rAjagRha kA nirNaya liyA; kyoMki yaha nagara mahAgocara' aura vipula zayanAsana-sampanna thaa| vahIM varSAvAsa karate hue dharma aura vinaya ke saMgAyana kA nizcaya kiyaa| sAtha hI yaha bhI nirNaya liyA ki anya bhikSu isa avadhi meM rAjagRha na aayeN| 1. ArAma ke nikaTa saghana bastI vaalaa| 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 AyuSmAn mahAkAzyapa ne saMgha ko jJApita kiyA aura anuzrAvaNa kiyaa| saMgha jaba mauna rahA to mahAkAzyapa ne dUsarI bAra aura tIsarI bAra bhI vaise hI kiyA / 'saMgha ina pA~ca bhikSuoM ke rAjagRha meM varSAvAsa karane, dharma va vinaya kA saMgAyana karane tathA vahIM anya bhikSuoM ke anAgamana se sahamata hai; ata: cupa hai, yaha meM dhAraNA karatA hU~ / 454 saMgha se anumati pAkara sthavira bhikSu dharma aura vinaya ke saMgAyana ke lie rAjagRha aaye| unake mana meM AyA, bhagavAn ne kahA hai, sarva prathama TUTe-phUTe ko susajja karo; ataH prathama mAsa meM yahI kareMge aura dvitIya mAsa meM ekatrita hokara saMgAyana kareMge / AyuSmAn Ananda ne socA, zaikSya rahate hue maiM sannipAta ( goSThI) meM jAU~ ; yaha mere lie ucita nahIM hogaa| rAta kA adhikAMza samaya unhoMne kAya smRti meM bitAyA / prAtaH kAla leTane ke abhiprAya jaba zarIra ko phailAyA; paira bhUmi taka nahIM pahu~ca pAye the aura sira upadhAna taka; isI bIca unakA citta AsravoM se mukta ho gyaa| AyuSmAn Ananda arhat hokara sannipAta meM gaya / "Avuso ! saMgha sune, yadi saMgha AyuSmAn mahAkAzyapa ne saMgha ko jJApita kiyAcAhatA ho, to maiM AyuSmAn dvArA pUche gaye vinaya pUchU / " AyuSmAn upAli ne bhI saMgha ko jJApita kiyA - "bhante ! saMgha sune, yadi saMgha cAhatA ho, to maiM AyuSmAn mahAkAzyapa dvArA pUche gaye vinaya kA uttara dUM / " AyuSmAn mahAkAzyapa ne AyuSmAn upAli ko kahA "Avusa ! upAli ! prathama pArAjikA kahA~ prajJapta kI gaI ?" "bhante ! rAjagRha meM / " " kisako lakSita kara ?" "sudinna kalanda - putta ko lakSita kara / " " kisa viSaya meM ? " "maithuna dharma meM / " mahAkAzyapa ne usake anantara upAli se prathama pArAjikA kI kathA bhI pUchI, nidAna bhI pUchA, pudgala (vyakti) bhI pUchA, prajJapti (vidhAna) bhI pUchI, anuprajJapti ( sambodhana ) bhI pUchI, Apatti ( doSa-daNDa) bhI pUchI aura anApatti bhI puuchii| "upAli ! dvitIya pArAjikA kahA~ prajJApita huI ?" "bhante ! rAjagRha meM / " " kisako lakSita kara ?" "dhaniya kumbhakAra - putta ko lakSita kara / " "kisa viSaya meM ?" "adattAdAna meM / " isake sAtha hI upAli se dvitIya pArAjikA kI kathA, nidAna, pudgala, prajJapti, anuprajJapti, Apatti aura anApatti bhI pUchI / "upAli ! tRtIya pArAjikA kahA~ prajJapta kI gaI ?" "bhante ! vaizAlI meM / " " kisako lakSita kara ?" "bahuta se bhikSuoM ko lakSita kara / " "kisa viSaya meM ?" "manuSya-vigraha ( nara - hatyA ) ke viSaya meM / " 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] AcAra-grantha aura AcAra-saMhitA 455 isake sAtha hI tRtIya pArAjikA kI kathA, nidAna, pudgala, prajJapti, anuprajJapti, Apatti aura anApatti bhI pUchI aura upAli ne una sabakA savistAra uttara diyA / "upAli ! caturtha pArAjikA kahA~ prajJApita huI ?' "bhante ! vaizAlI meM / " " kisako lakSita kara ?" "vaggu-mudA-tIravAsI bhikSuoM ko lakSita kara / " "kisa viSaya meM ?" "uttara manuSya dharma (divya zakti) meM / " AyuSmAn mahAkAzyapa ne isake sAtha hI caturtha pArAjikA kI kathA, nidAna, pudgala, prajJapti, anuprajJapti, Apatti aura anApatti bhI pUchI aura upAli ne unakA savistAra uttara diyA / isI prakAra mahAkAzyapa ne bhikSu bhikSuNiyoM ke vinayoM ko pUchA aura upAli ne una sabakA uttara diyA / aitihAsika dRSTi prAcIna dharma-granthoM ke racanA-sambandha se pAramparika, kathana aura gaveSaNAtmaka aitihAsika, kathana bahudhA bhinna-bhinna hI tathya prastuta karate haiM / vinaya piTaka kI bhI yahI sthiti hai / kucha eka vidvAnoM kI rAya meM to prathama saMgIti kI bAta hI nirmUla hai / olDanavarga kA kathana hai ki mahAparinivvANa sutta meM ukta saMgIti ke viSaya meM koI ullekha nahIM hai; ataH isakI bAta eka kalpanAmAtra hI raha jAtI hai| pheMka bhI isI bAta kA samarthana karate hue kahate haiM- - prathama saMgIti ko mAnane kA AdhAra kevala cullavagga kA gyArahavA~, bArahavA~ prakaraNa hai / yaha AdhAra nitAnta pAramparika hai aura isakA mahattva managar3hanta kathA se adhika nahIM hai / "2 parantu DaoN0 harmana jekobI ukta kathana se sahamata nahIM haiM / unakA kahanA hai, mahAparinivvANa sutta meM isa prasaMga kA ullekha karanA koI Avazyaka hI nahIM thaa| kucha vidvAn yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki cullavagga ke ukta do prakaraNa vastutaH mahApariniSvANa sutta ke hI aMga the aura kisI samaya cullavagga ke prakaraNa banA diye gaye haiM / * vastusthiti yaha hai ki cullavagga ke ukta do prakaraNa bhAva- bhASA kI dRSTi se usake sAtha nitAnta asambaddha se haiM | mahAparinivvANa sutta ke sAtha bhAva-bhASA kI dRSTi se unakA mela avazya baiThatA hai / 3 1. Introduction to the Vinaya Pitaka, XXIX, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft, 1898, pp. 613-94. 2. Journal of the Pali Text Society, 1908, pp. 1- 80. 3. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft, 1880, p. 184 ff. 4. Finst & Obermiller, Indian Historical Quarterly, 1923; S. K. Dutt, Early Buddhist Monachism, p. 337. 2010_05

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456 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 saMyukta vastu nAmaka grantha meM parinirvANa aura saMgIti kA varNana eka sAtha milatA hai| isase yaha yathArtha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki ukta do prakaraNa mahAparinivvANa sutta ke hI aGgarUpa the| ina AdhAroM se saMgIti kI vAstavikatA saMdigdha nahIM mAnI jA sakatI, para, usa saMgIti ke kAryakrama ke viSaya meM avazya kucha cintanIya raha jAtA hai| usa saMgIti meM kyA-kyA saMgahIta haA, isa sambandha se vidvata-samAja meM aneka dhAraNAeM haiN| pro0 jI0 sI0 pa kathanAnusAra vinaya piTaka va piTaka sutta kA samana praNayana usa sImita samaya meM ho sakA, yaha asambhava hai| niSkarSa rUpa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vinaya piTaka meM do saMgItiyoM kI ullekha hai, para, tIsarI saMgIti kA nahIM; jisakA samaya IsA pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| samrATa azoka kA bhI isameM koI varNana nahIM hai, jo ki I0 pU0 266 meM rAjagaddI para baiThe the| ataH isase pUrva hI vinaya piTaka kA nirmANa ho cukA thA, yaha asaMdigdha-sA raha jAtA hai| vinaya piTaka kA vartamAna vistRta svarUpa pro0 jI0 sI0 pANDe ke matAnusAra kama se kama pAMca bAra abhivadhita hokara hI banA hai| nisIha sUtra kA racanA-kAla mahAvIra ke nirmANa-kAla se 150 yA 175 varSa bAda ke lagabhaga pramANita hotA hai, jo ki I0 pU0 375 yA 350 kA samaya thaa| vinaya piTaka kA samaya I0 pU0 300 ke lagabhaga kA pramANita hotA hai| tAtparya huA, donoM hI grantha I0 pU0 cauthI zatAbdI ke haiN| bhASA-vicAra jaina AgamoM kI bhASA ardhamAgadhI aura bauddha tripiTakoM kI bhASA pAli kahI jAtI hai| donoM hI bhASAoM kA mUla mAgadhI hai| kisI yuga meM yaha pradeza vizeSa kI lokabhASA thii| Aja bhI vihAra kI boliyoM meM eka kA nAma 'magahI' hai| mahAvIra kA janma-sthAna vaizAlI (uttara kSatriya kuNDapura) aura buddha kA janma-sthAna lumbinI thaa| donoM sthAnoM meM sIdhA antara 250 mIla kA mAnA jAtA hai| Aja bhI do sthAnoM kI bolI lagabhaga eka hai| vaizAlI kI bolI para kucha maithilI bhASA kA aura lumbinI (nepAla kI tarAI meM ruminadeI' nAma kA gA~va) kI bolI para avadhI bhASA kA prabhAva hai| donoM sthAnoM kI bhASA mukhyataH 'bhojapurI' kahI jAtI hai| Aja magahI aura bhojapurI ko vidvAn prAcIna mAgadhI kI santAna mAnate haiN| ho sakatA hai, mahAvIra aura buddha donoM kI mAtRbhASA eka mAgadhI hI rahI ho| jaina-zAstrakAroM ne ise ardhamAgadhI kahA hai| 1. Studies in the Origins of Buddhism, p. 10. 2. Edward J. Thomas, History of Buddhist Thought, p. 10. 3. Studies in the Origins of Buddhism, p. 16. 4. (ka) bhagavaM ca NaM addhamAgahIe bhAsAya dhmmmaaikhi| --samavAyAMga sUtra, pR060 / (kha) tae NaM samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre kUNiassa raNNo bhibhisAraputtassa.. addhamAgahae mAsAya mAsai..sAvi ya NaM addhamAgahA mAsA tesiM savvesiM AriyamaNAriyANaM appaNe sabhAsAe pariNAmeNaM prinnaami...| -uvavAI sutta / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] AcAra-grantha aura AcAra-saMhitA ardhamAgadhI kahalAne ke aneka kAraNa mAne jAte haiM; pradeza vizeSa meM bolA jAnA, anya bhASAoM se mizrita honA, ' AgamadharoM kA vibhinna bhASA-bhASI honA, Adi / jaina aura bauddha donoM hI paramparAoM ke Agama zatAbdiyoM taka maukhika paramparA se calate rahe / bauddhAgama 24 aura jainAgama 26 pIr3hiyA~ bIta jAne ke pazcAt likhe gaye haiM / taba taka AgamadharoM kI mAtRbhASA kA prabhAva una para par3atA hI rahA hai / AgamoM kI lekhabaddhatA se bhASAoM se jo nizcita rUpa bane haiM, ve eka-dUsare se kucha bhinna haiM / eka rUpa kA nAma pAli hai aura dUsare rUpa kA nAma ardhamAgadhI / donoM vibhinna kAloM meM likhe gaye; isalie bhI bhASA sambandhI antara par3a jAnA sambhava thA / buddha ke vacanoM ko 'pAli' kahA gayA hai, isalie jisa bhASA meM ve likhe gaye, usa bhASA kA nAma bhI pAli ho gayA / samagra Agama- sAhitya ke sAtha misIha aura vinaya piTaka kA bhI yahI bhASA vicAra hai| nimna do udAharaNoM se donoM zAstroM kI bhASA tathA zailo aura adhika samajhI jA sakatI hai ki ve paraspara kitanI nikaTa haiM : 1. "je bhikkhu Nave ime pariggahaM ladvetikaTTa, teleNa vA, dharaNa vA, NavaNIeNa vA, basAeja vA, makkhejja vA, bhiliMgejja vA, makvaMtaM vA, bhiligaMtaM vA sAijjai / bhikkhu Nave ime paDiggahaM laddhetikaTTu. lodveNa vA, kakkeNa vA, cuNNeNa vA nahANeNa vA, jAva sAijjai / je bhikkhu Nave ime paDiggahaM laddhettikaTTa, sIudaga viyaDeNa vA, usiNodaga vithaDeNa vA, uccholejja vA, paSovejja vA, uccholaMtaM vA, padhovaMtaM vA sAijjai / 3 45.7 -- jo sAdhu, mujhe nayA pAtra milA hai, aisA vicAra kara usa para tela, ghRta, makkhana, caravI eka bAra lagAye, bAra-bAra lagAye, lagAte ko acchA jAne ; use laghu cAturmAsika prAyazcitta / jo sAdhu mujhe nayA pAtra milA hai, aisA vicAra kara, use lodraka, koSTaka padma pUrNa Adi dravyoM se raMge, raMgate ko acchA jAne, ise laghu cAturmAsika prAyazcitta / jo sAdhu mujhe nayA pAtra milA hai, aisA vicAra kara, use acitta (dhovana) ThaMDe pAnI se, acitta garama pAnI se dhoye, bAra-bAra dhoye, dhote ko acchA jAne, use laghu cAturmAsika prAyazcitta / 2. yo pana bhikkhu jAtarUparajataM uggaNheyya dA uggaNhApeyya vA upanikhitta vA sAdiyeyya, nissaggiyaM pAcittiyaM ti / yo pana bhikkhu nAnappakArakaM rUpisaMyavohAraM samApajjeyya, nissaggiyaM pAcittiyaM ti / 4 ku~ -- jo bhikSu sonA yA rajata (cA~dI Adi ke sikke) ko grahaNa kare yA grahaNa karavAye yA rakhe hue kA upayoga kare, use 'nissaggiya pAcittiya' hai / 1. magadaddhavisayabhAsANibaddha addhamAgahaM, aTThArasadesI bhAsANimayaM vA addhamAga | - nizItha cUrNi / 2. Studies in the Origins of Buddhism, p. 573. 3. nizItha sUtra, u0 14, bola 12, 13, 14 / 4. vinaya piTaka, pArAjikA pAli, 4-18, 125, 130 / 2010_05

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458 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana / khaNDa : 1 jo bhikSu nAnA prakAra ke rupayoM (sikkoM) kA vyavahAra kare, usako 'nissaggiya pAcittiya' hai| viSaya-samIkSA NisIha ke viSaya meM Agamika-vidhAna hai-kama-se-kama tIna varSa kI dIkSA-paryAya vAlA bhikSu isakA adhyayana kara sakatA hai| NisIha va anya cheda-sUtra gopya haiM; ataH unakA pariSad meM vAcana nahIM hotA aura na koI gRhastha vizeSa sUtrAgama rUpa se use par3hane kA adhikArI hotA hai / bauddha paramparA ke anusAra vinaya piTaka ke viSaya meM bhI yaha mAnyatA hai ki vaha saMgha meM dIkSita bhikSu ko hI par3hAyA jAnA caahie|' sAdhAraNatayA isa pratibandhaka-vidhAna ko anAvazyaka aura saMkIrNatA kA dyotaka mAnA jA sakatA hai, kintu vAstava meM isake pIche eka arthapUrNa uddezya sannihita hai| ina granthoM meM mukhyatayA bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke prAyazcitta-vidhAna kI carcA hai / saMgha hai, vahA~ nAnA vyakti haiN| nAnA vyakti haiM, vahA~ nAnA sthitiyA~ bhI hotI haiM / bhagavAna zrI mahAvIra ne kahA- "AcAra dRSTi se eka sAdhu pUrNimA kA cA~da hai to eka pratipadA kA / "2 tAtparya, bhikSu-saMgha kA abhiyAna sAdhanA kI uccatama maMjila kI ora bar3hane vAlA hai| para, usa abhiyAna ke sabhI sadasya apanI gati meM kucha bhI nyUnAdhika na hoM, yaha svAbhAvika nahIM hai| eka sAtha calane vAloM meM koI pIche bhI raha sakatA hai, koI lar3akhar3A bhI sakatA hai aura koI gira bhI sakatA hai; girA huA punaH uTha kara cala bhI sakatA hai| ina sArI sthitiyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue saMgha-pravartakoM aura saMgha-nAyakoM ko anubhUta aura AzaMkita vidhi-vidhAna sabhI gar3ha dene par3ate haiN| apraur3ha vyakti ke lie una sabakA adhyayana vicikitsAe~ paidA karane vAlA bana sakatA hai| vaha use saMgha ke naitika patana kA aitihAsika byaurA mAna sakatA hai| aise aneka kAraNoM se zAstrapraNetAoM ne yadi isa prakAra ke zAstroM ko par3hane kI AjJA sarvadhAraNa ko nahIM, dI, to vaha kisI asaMgati kA prabhAva nahIM hai| inakA dhyeya pApa ko chipAne kA nahIM.pApa ke vistAra ko rokane kA hai| NisIha aura vinaya piTaka donoM hI zAstroM meM abrahmacarya ke niyamana para khula kara likhA gayA hai| sAdhAraNa dRSTi meM vaha asAmAjika jaisA bhale hI lagatA ho, para, zodha ke kSetra meM gaveSaka vidvAnoM ke lie vidhi-vidhAna va cintana ke nAnA dvAra kholane vAlA hai| nizItha ke abrahmacarya-sambandhI prAyazcitta-vidhAna 1. jo sAdhu hastakarma karatA hai, karate ko acchA samajhatA hai, use guru mAsika prAyazcitta / 1. vinaya piTaka, pArAjikA pAli, Amukha, le0 bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa, pR06| 2. jJAtAdharmakathAMga sUtra, a0 10 / 3. je bhikkhU hatthakamma sutta kareti, karaMtaM vA saaijji| -nizItha sUtra, u0 1, bola 1 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] AcAra-grantha aura AcAra saMhitA 45e 2. jo sAdhu aMguli Adi se zizna ko saMcAlita kare, karate ko acchA samajhe; use guru mAsika prAyazcitta / 3. jo sAdhu zizna kA mardana kare, bAra-bAra mardana kare, mardana karate ko acchA jAne; use 'guru mAsika prAyazcitta / 4. jo sAdhu zizna ko tela Adi se mardana kare, karate ko acchA samajhe ; use guru mAsika prAyazcitta 5. jo sAdhu zizna para pIThI kare, karate ko acchA samajhe; use guru mAsika prAyazcitta / * 6. jo sAdhu zizna kA zIta yA uSNa pAnI se prakSAlana kare, karate ko acchA samajhe; use guru mAsika prAyazcitta / 7. jo sAdhu zizna ke agrabhAga ko udghATita kare, karate ko acchA samajhe ; use guru mAsika prAyazcitta / 6 8. jo sAdhu zizna ko sUMghatA hai, sUMghate ko acchA samajhatA hai ; use guru mAsika prAyazcitta / 7 6. jo sAdhu zizna ko acitta chidra vizeSa meM prakSipta kara zukrapAta kare, karate ko acchA samajhe, use guru mAsika prAyazcitta 1. je bhikkhU aMgAdANaM kaTTha eNaM vA, aMguliyAe vA, silAgae vA saMcAlei saMcAlataM vA, sAijjai / - vahI, u0 1, bola 2 / 2. je bhikkhU aMgAdANaM saMvAhejja vA, palimadejjavA, saMvAhaMtaM vA, palimadetaM vA sAijjai / vahI, u0 1, bola 3 | 3. je bhikkhU aMgAdANaM teleNa vA, ghaeNa vA, vAsAeNa vA, NavaNIe vA, abhaMgejja vA, maMkkhejja vA, abhbhaMgaMtaM vA, makkhataM vA sAijjai / - NisIha u0 1, bola 4 / 4. je bhikkhU aMgAdANaM kakkeNa vA, loddeNa vA, paumacuNNeNa vA, pahANeNa vA siNANeNa vA, cuNNehi vA, vaNNehi vA, uvaTTe i vA, uvaTTataM vA parivaTTataM vA sAijjai / -vahI, u0 1, bola 5 / 5. je bhikkhU aMgAdANaM sIudaga viyaDeNa vA, usiNodagaviyaDeNa vA, uccholejja vA, paghoijja vA, uccholaMtaM vA, paghoyaMtaM vA sAijjai / - vahI, u0 1, bola 6 / vahI, u0 1, bola 7 / - vahI, u0 1, vola 8 / 8. je bhikkhU zraMgAdANaM aNNayaraMsi acittaMsi soyagaMsi aNuSpavisittae sukkapolle NigdhAei, NigghAyaMtaM vA sAijjai / -- vahI, u0 1, bola 6 / 6. je bhikkhU aMgAdANaM Nicchalei, NicchalaMtaM vA sAijjai / 7. je bhikkhU aMgAdANaM jigghai, jigghaMtaM vA sAijjai / 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa :1 striyoM ke sambandha se kucha eka prAyazcitta-vidhAna isa prakAra kiye gaye haiM : 1. jo sAdhu mAtA-samAna indriyoM vAlI strI se sambhoga kI prArthanA kare, karate ko ___ acchA samajhe; use guru cAturmAsika prAyazcitta / ' 2. jo sAdhu mAtA-samAna indriyoM vAlI strI ke jananendriya meM aMguli Adi DAle, DAlane ko acchA samajhe; use guru cAturmAsika prAyazcitta / 3. jo sAdhu mAtA-samAna indriyoM vAlI strI se zizna kA mardana karAye, karate ko acchA samajhe ; use guru cAturmAsika prAyazcitta / 4. jo sAdhu mAtA-samAna indriyoM vAlI strI se sambhoga kI icchA kara, lekha likhe yA likhane ko acchA jAne ; use guru cAturmAsika prAyazcitta / / 5. jo sAdha mAtA-samAna indriyoM vAlI strI se sambhoga kI icchA kara aThArahasarA, nausarA, muktAvalI, kanakAvalI Adi hAra va kuNDala Adi AbhUSaNa dhAraNa kare, karate ko acchA samajhe ; use guru cAturmAsika prAyazcitta / 5 6. jo sAdhu mAtA-samAna indriyoM vAlI strI ko sambhoga kI icchA se zAstra par3hAye tathA par3hAte ko acchA samajhe ; use guru cAturmAsika prAyazcitta / 7. jo sAdhu apane gaccha kI sAdhvI tathA anya gaccha kI sAdhvI ke sAtha vihAra karatA huA kabhI Age-pIche rahe, taba sAdhvI ke viyoga se duHkhita ho kara hathelI para muMha rakha kara A dhyAna kare, karate ko acchA samajhe ; use guru cAturmAsika praayshcitt| 1. je bhikkhU mAuggamassa mehuNavaDiyAe viNavei, viNavaMtaM vA sAijjai / -vahI, u06, bola 1 / 2. je bhikkhU mAuggamassa mehuNaM vaDiyAe hatthakammaM karei, karaMtaM vA sAijjai / -vahI, u0 6, bola 2 / 3. je bhikkhU mAuggamassa mehuNa vaDiyAe aMgAdANaM saMvAhejja vA, palimaddejja vA, ___saMvAhaMtaM vA, palimaiMtaM vA sAijjai / -NisIha, u06, bo 4 / 4. je bhikkhU mAuggamassa mehuNa vaDiyAe lehaM lihai, lehaM lihAvei, leha vaDiyAe bahiyAe gacchai, gacchaMtaM vA, saaijji| -~-vahI, u0 6, bo0 13 / 5. je bhikkhU mAuggamassa mehuNa vaDiyAe hArANi vA, addhahArANi vA, ekAvalI vA, muttAvalI vA, kaNagAvalI vA, rayaNAvalI vA, tuDiyANI vA, keurANI vA, kuMDalANI vA,paMjalANI vA, mauDANI vA, palaMbasasuttANI vA, suvaNNasuttANI vA karei karataM sAijjai / evaM dharei, dharaMtaM vA sAijjai / -vahI, u07, bo0 8,6 / 6. je bhikkhU mAuggamassa mehuNa vaDiyAe vAei, vAyavAyaMtaM vA saaijji| -vahI, u0 7, bo0 88 / 7. je bhikkhU samaNijjiyAe vA, parigaNijjiyAe vA, niggaMthIe saddhi gAmANumAma dUijjamANe purao gacchamANe piTuo royamANe, uhattamANa saMkappaciMtAsogasAgaraM ____ 2010_05

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461 itihAsa aura paramparA] AcAra-grantha aura AcAra-saMhitA isa prakAra NisIha uddezaka chaH, sAta va ATha meM anekAneka prAyazcitta-vidhAna abrahmacarya ke sambandha se likhe gae haiN| vinaya piTaka ke abrahmacarya-sambandhI prAyazcitta-vidhAna NisIha sUtra kI zailI se hI vinaya piTaka meM abrahmacarya-sambandhI mukta carcAeM milatI haiM : 1. jo bhikSu bhikSu-niyamoM se yukta hote hue bhI antataH pazu se bhI maithuna-dharma kA sevana - kare, vaha pArAjika' hotA hai tathA bhikSuoM ke sAtha rahane yogya nahIM hotaa|' 2. svapna ke atirikta jAna-bUjha kara zukra-(vIrya) mocana karanA 'saMghAdisesa' hai| 3. kisI bhikSu kA vikArayukta citta se kisI strI ke hAtha yA veNI ko pakar3akara yA kisI aMga ko chUkara zarIra kA sparza karanA 'saMghAdisesa' hai| 4. kisI bhikSu kA vikArayukta citta se kisI strI se aise anucita vAkyoM kA kahanA, __jinako ki koI yuvatI se maithuna ke sambandha se kahatA hai, 'saMghAdisesa' hai| 5. kisI bhikSu kA vaikArika citta se yaha kahanA ki sabhI sevAoM meM sarvazreSTha sevA yaha hai ki tU mere jaise sadAcArI, brahmacArI ko saMbhogika sevA de ; 'saMghAdisesa'5 ke saMpavi? karatala pahatthamuhe addajhANovagae vihAraM vA karei jAva kahaM kahei, kahetaM vA saaijji| -vahI, u0 8, bo0 11 / 1. yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhUnaM sikkhAsAjIvasamApanno sikkhaM apaccakkhAya dubbalyaM anA vikatvA methunaM dhamma paTiseveyya antamaso tiracchAjagatAya pi, pArAjiko hoti asaMvAsoti / -vinaya piTaka, bhikkhu pAttimokkha, pArAMjika, 1-1-21 / 2. sa cetanikA sukkavissaTThi atra supinantA sa diseso ti / --vinaya piTaka, bhikkhu pAttimokkha, saMghAdisesa, 2-1-3 / 3. yo pana bhikkhu otiNNo vipariNatena cittena mAtugAmena saddhi kAyasaMsagAM samApajjeyya hatthaggAhaM vA veNiggAhaM vA a tarassa vA atarassa vA asassa parAmasanaM, sa diseso ti| __-vinaya piTaka, pArAjika pAlI, 2-2-37 / 4. yo pana bhikkhu otiNNo vipariNatena cittena mAtugAmaM duThThallAhi vAcAhi obhAseyya yathA taM yuvA yuvati methunupasaMhitAhi, sa diseso ti| -vahI, 2-3-51 / 5. saMghAdisesa kA tAtparya hai, kucha dinoM ke lie saMgha dvArA saMgha se bahiSkRta kara denaa| 6. yo pana bhikkhu otiNNo vipariNatena cittena mAtugAmassa santike attakAyapAri cariyAya vaNNaM bhAseyya-"etadaggaM, bhagini, pAricariyAnaM yA mAdisaM sIlavantaM kalyANadhammaM brahmacAriM etena dhammena paricareyyA ti methunupasaMhitena', sa diseso ti / -vahI, 2-4-58 / 2010_05

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462 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 sAdhu saMgha kI sammati ke binA bhikSuNiyoM ko upadeza de; use 'pAcittiya' 6. jo hai / ' ; 7. sammati hone para bhI jo bhikSu sUryAsta ke bAda bhikSuNiyoM ko upadeza de 'pAcittiya' hai / " 8. jo bhikSu atirikta vizeSa avasthA ( bhikSuNI kA rugNa honA) ke bhikSuNIAzrama meM jAkara bhikSuNiyoM ko upadeza kare, to use 'pAcittiya' hai / 6. jo koI bhikSu bhikSuNI ke sAtha akele ekAnta meM baiThe ; use 'pAcittiya' hai / " nizItha sUtra meM bhikSu aura bhikSuNiyoM ke lie brahmacarya - sambandhI pRthak-pRthak prakaraNa nahIM haiM / bhikSuoM ke lie jo vidhAna haiM, ve hI ulaTa kara bhikSuNiyoM ke lie bhI samajha lie jAte haiM / vinaya piTaka meM sabhI prakAra ke doSoM ke lie mikSu pAti mokkha aura bhikkhuNI pAtimokkha' nAma se do pRthak-pRthak prakaraNa haiN| bhikkhuNI pAtimokkha ke kucha vidhAna isa prakAra haiM : 1. jo bhikSuNI kAmAsakta ho antataH pazu se bhI yauna-dharma kA sevana kara letI hai, vaha 'pArAjikA' hotI hai arthAt saMgha se nikAla dene yogya hotI hai / 2. jo bhikSuNI kisI pArAjika doSavAlI bhikSuNI ko jAnatI huI bhI saMgha ko nahIM batAtI, vaha 'pArAjikA' hai / 3. jo bhikSuNI Asakti bhAva se kAmAtura puruSa ke hAtha pakar3ane va caddara kA konA pakar3ane kA Ananda le; usake sAtha khar3I rahe, bhASaNa kare yA apane zarIra ko usa para chor3a to vaha 'pArAjikA' hotI hai / 7 bhikSuNiyA~ yadi durAcAriNI, badanAma, nindita bana bhikSuNI saMgha ke prati droha karatI hoM aura eka-dUsare ke doSoM ko DhA~katI huI bure saMsarga meM rahatI hoM, to dUsarI bhikSuNiyA~ una bhikSuNioM ko aisA kaheM - " bhaginio ! tuma saba durAcAriNI, badanAma, nindita bana, bhikSuNI saMgha ke prati droha karatI ho aura eka dUsare ke doSoM ko chipAtI huI bure saMsarga meM rahatI ho / bhaginiyoM kA saMgha to eka ekAnta zIla aura viveka kA prazaMsaka hai|" yadi unake aise kahane para ve bhikSuNiyA~ apane doSoM ko chor3a dene ke lie taiyAra na hoM, to ve tIna bAra taka unase unheM chor3a dene ke lie kheN| yadi tIna bAra taka kahane para ve unheM chor3e deM, to yaha unake lie acchA hai nahIM to ve bhikSuNiyA~ bhI 'saMghAdisesa' haiM / 5 1. vinaya piTaka, pAcittiya 21 / 2. vahI, 22 / 3. vinaya piTaka, pAcittiya 23 / vahI, 4. vahI, 30 / 5. vahI, bhikkhuNI pAtimokkha, pArAjika 1 / 6. vahI, 6 / 7. vahI, 8 / 8. vahI, bhikkhuNI pAtimokkha, saMghAdisesa 12 / use 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA AcAra-grantha aura AcAra-saMhitA 1. jo bhikSuNI pradIpa-rahita rAtri ke aMdhakAra meM akele puruSa ke sAtha akelI khar3I rahe yA bAtacIta kare ; use 'pAcittiya' hai| 2. jo bhikSuNI guhya-sthAna ke roma banavAye ; use 'pAcittiya' hai| 3. jo bhikSuNI aprAkRtika karma kare, use 'pAcittiya' hai| 4. jo bhikSuNI yauna-zuddhi meM do aMguliyoM ke do pora se adhika kAma meM le, to use __'pAcittiya' hai| prazna ho sakatA hai, zAstra-nirmAtAoM ne yaha asAmAjika-sI AcAra-saMhitA isa spaSTa bhAva-bhASA meM kyoM likha dI ? yaha nirvivAda hai ki likhane vAle saMkoca-mukta the| isa viSaya meM saMkoca-mukta do hI prakAra ke vyakti hote haiM-jo adhama hote haiM yA jo parama uttama hote haiM, jinakI vRttiyA~ isa viSaya ke AkarSaNa-vikarSaNa se rahita ho cukI haiM / zAstra-nirmAtA dUsarI koTi ke logoM meM se haiN| saMkoca bhI kabhI-kabhI apUrNatA kA dyotaka hotA hai / samavRtti vAle logoM meM muktatA svAbhAvika hotI hai| paurANika AkhyAna hai-tIna RSi eka bAra kisI prayojana se deva-sabhA meM pahuMce hue the / ve indra ke dAhinI ora sasammAna baiThe hue the aura sabhA kA sArA dRzya unake sAmane thaa| dekhate-dekhate apsarAoM kA nRtya Arambha huaa| apsarAoM kI rUpa-rAzi ko dekhate hI kaniSTha RSi ne apanI AMkheM mUMda lIM aura dhyAnastha ho gye| nRtya karate-karate apsarAyeM mada vihvala ho gaIM aura unake deva-dUSya idhara-udhara bikhara ge| isa aziSTatA ko dekha madhyama RSi A~kheM mUMda kara dhyAnastha ho ge| apsarAoM kA nRtya cAlU thaa| dekhate-dekhate ve sarvathA vastra-vihIna hokara nAcane lagIM / jyeSTha RSi jyoM-ke-tyoM baiThe rhe| indra ne pUchA- "isa natya ko dekhane meM Apako tanika bhI saMkoca nahIM huA, kyA kAraNa hai ?" RSi ne kahA"mujhe to isa nRtya ke utAra-car3hAva meM kucha antara lagA hI nhiiN| maiM to Adi kSaNa se lekara aba taka apanI sama sthiti meM huuN|" indra ne kahA- "ina do RSiyoM ne kramazaH A~kheM kyoM maMda lIM ?" jyeSTha RSi ne kahA-"ve abhI sAdhanA kI sIr3hiyoM para haiN| maMjila taka pahuMcane ke bAda inakA bhI saMkoca miTa jaaegaa|" ThIka yahI sthiti prastuta prakaraNa ke sambandha meM socI jA sakatI hai| sarva sAdhAraNa ko lagatA hai, jJAniyoM ne isa viSaya ko itanA khola kara kyoM likhA, parantu, jJAniyoM ke apane mana meM saMkoca karane kA koI kAraNa bhI to zeSa nahIM thA tathA saMgha-vyavasthA ke lie yaha AvazyakatA kA prazna bhI thaa| deza ke adhikAMza loga bhale hote haiM, para, kucha eka corasuTere aura vyabhicArI Adi asAmAjika tattva bhI rahate haiN| rAjakIya AcAra-saMhitA meM yahI to milegA na-amuka pracAra kI corI karane vAle ko yaha daNDa, amuka prakAra kA vyabhicAra karane vAle ko yaha daNDa / sAdhuoM kA bhI eka samAja hotA hai| sahasroM ke samAja meM anupAta se asAdhutA ke udAharaNa bhI ghaTita hote haiN| usa caritrazIla sAdhu-samAja kI 1. vinaya piTaka, bhikkhuNI pAtimokkha, pAcittiya 11 / 2. vahI, 2 / 3. vahI, 3 / 4. vahI, 5 / __ 2010_05

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464 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa :1 saMghIya AcAra-saMhitA meM ukta prakAra ke niyama anAvazyaka aura asvAbhAvika nahIM mAne jA skte| prAyazcitta-vidhi prAyazcitta aura prAyazcitta karane ke prakAra, donoM paramparAoM meM bahuta hI manovaijJAnika haiN| jaina paramparA meM prAyazcitta ke mukhyatayA dasa bheda haiM : 1. AloyaNA (AlocanA)-nivedanA tallakSaNaM zuddhi yavahatyaticAra jAtaM tadA locanA-lage doSa kA guru ke pAsa yathAvat nivedana krnaa| isase mAnasika malinatA kA pariSkAra mAnA gayA hai| 2. paDikkamaNa (pratikramaNa)-mithyA duSkRtaM / yaha prAyazcitta sAdhaka svayaM kara sakatA hai| isakA abhiprAya hai-merA pApa mithyA ho| 3. tadubhayaM-AlocanA aura pratikramaNa donoM milakara 'tadubhayaM' prAyazcitta hai| 4. vivega (viveka)- azuddhabhaktA dityAgaH / AdhAkarma Adi azuddha AhAra kA tyAga / 5. viusagga (vyutsrg)-kaayotsrg| yaha prAyazcitta dhyAnAdi se sampanna hotA 6. tava (tps)-nivikRtikaadi| dUdha, dahI Adi vigaya vastu kA tyAga tathA anya prakAra ke tapa / 7. cheya (cheda)-pravrajyAparyAya hrasvIkaraNam / dIkSA-paryAya ko kucha kama kara denaa| usa prAyazcitta se jitanA samaya kama kiyA gayA hai, usa avadhi meM bane hue choTe sAdhu dIkSA-paryAya meM usa doSI sAdhu se bar3e ho jAte haiN| 8. mUla (mUla)-mahAvatAropaNam / punrdiikssaa| 6. aNavaTuppA (anavasthApya)-kRtatapaso vratAropaNam / tapa vizeSa ke pazcAt punrdiikssaa| 10. pArAJciya (pArAJcika)-liGgAdibhedam / isa prAyazcitta meM saMgha-bahiSkRta sAdhu eka avadhi vizeSa taka sAdhu-veSa parivartita kara jana-jana ke bIca apanI Atma-nindA karatA hai| usake bAda hI usakI punardIkSA hotI hai|' vyAkhyA-granthoM meM ina dasoM prAyazcittoM ke viSaya meM bheda-prabhedAtmaka vistRta vyAkhyAeM haiN| nizItha sUtra meM mAsika aura cAturmAsika prAyazcittoM kA hI vidhAna hai| inakA sambandha Upara batAe gae sAtaveM prAyazcitta 'cheda' se hai| mAsika prAyazcitta arthAt eka mAsa ke saMyamaparyAya kA cheda / 'cheda' prAyazcitta chaThe bheda 'tapa' meM bhI badala jAtA hai| isase doSI sAdhu saMyama-paryAya ko cheda na kara tapa-vizeSa se apanI zuddhi karatA hai / doSa kI taratamatA se mAsika prAyazcittoM meM guru aura laghu do-do bheda ho jAte haiN| vinaya piTaka meM samagra doSoM ko ATha bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai : 1. bhikSu ke lie 4 doSa, bhikSuNI ke lie 8 doSa 'pArAjika' haiN| 2. bhikSu ke lie 13 doSa, bhikSuNI ke lie 17 doSa 'saMghAdisesa' haiN| 1. ThANAMga sUtra, ThA0 10 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura parampAra ] AcAra-grantha aura AcAra-saMhitA 465 3. bhikSu ke lie 2 doSa, 'aniyata' haiN| . 4. bhikSu ke lie 30 doSa, bhikSuNI ke lie 30 doSa, 'nissaggiya pAci ttiya' haiN| 5. bhikSu ke lie 62 doha, bhikSuNI ke lie 166 doSa 'pAcittiya' haiN| 6. bhikSu ke lie 4 doSa, bhikSuNI ke lie 8 doSa, 'pATidesanIya' haiN| 7. bhikSu ke lie 75 bAteM, bhikSuNI ke lie 75 bAteM 'sekhiya' haiN| 8. bhikSu ke lie 7 bAteM, bhikSuNI ke lie 7 bAteM adhikaraNa-samatha' haiN| doSa kI taratamatA ke anusAra prAyazcittoM kA svarUpa mRdu aura kaThora hai| 'pArAjika' meM bhikSu sadA ke lie saMgha se nikAla diyA jAtA hai| 'saMghAdisesa' meM kucha avadhi ke lie doSI bhikSu-saMgha se pRthak kara diyA jAtA hai| 'aniyata' meM saMgha vizvasta pramANa se doSa nirNaya karatA hai aura doSI ko prAyazcitta karAtA hai| nissagiya pAcittiya' meM doSI bhikSu-saMgha yA bhikSu-vizeSa ke samakSa doSa svIkAra karatA hai aura use chor3ane ko tatpara hotA hai| 'pAcittiya' meM bhikSu AtmAlocanapUrvaka prAyazcitta karatA hai| 'pATidesanIya' meM doSI bhikSu-saMgha ke samakSa doSa svIkAra karatA hai aura kSamA-yAcanA bhI karatA hai| 'sekhiya' meM zikSA-pada haiM / una vyAvahArika zikSA-padoM kA laMghana bhI doSa hai| "adhikaraNa samatha' meM utpanna kalaha kI zAnti ke AcAra batalAe gae haiN| unakA laMghana karanA bhI doSa hai| doSI sAdhu prAyazcitta kaise kare, isa viSaya meM donoM paramparAoM ke apane-apane prakAra haiN| jaina paramparA ke anusAra prAyazcitta karAne ke adhikArI AcArya va guru haiM / ve bahuzruta va gAmbhIryAdi aneka guNoM ke dhAraka hone caahie| eka sAdhu kA prAyazcitta ve dUsare sAdhu ko batAne ke adhikArI nahIM hote| vyavahAra sutta meM batAyA gayA hai-doSI sAdhu apane AcArya va upAdhyAya ke pAsa zalya-rahita hokara AlocanA kare / AcArya yA upAdhyAya nikaTa na hoM to apane gaNa ke prAyazcitta-vettA sAdhu ke pAsa vaha AlocanA kre| yadi aisA bhI sambhava na ho to anya gaNa ke zAstrajJa sAdhu ke pAsa vaha AlocanA kre| aisA bhI sambhava na ho to kisI bahuzruta pArzvastha ke pAsa vaha AlocanA kre| pArzvastha sAdhu kA tAtparya hai-josAghu kA veSa dhAraNa kiye rahatA hai, para, AcAra kA yathAvat pAlana nahIM krtaa| aisA bhI saMyoga na ho to aise zrAvaka ke pAsa AlocanA karanI cAhie, jo pahale sAdhu-jIvana meM raha cukA ho aura prAyazcitta vidhi kA jJAtA ho| aisA bhI saMyoga na ho to kisI samabhAvI devatA ke pAsa AlocanA kre| yaha bhI sambhava na ho vaha sAdhu zUnya araNya meM calA jAye aura pUrvAbhimukha yA uttarAbhimukha hokara arihanta va siddhoM ko namaskAra kare, unakI sAkSI grahaNa kara tIna bAra apane doSa kA uccAraNa aura Atma-nindA karatA huA apanI dhAraNA ke anusAra prAyazcitta grahaNa kre|' 1. vyavahAra sutta u0 1, bo0 34 se 36 / ____ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa:1 jaina vidhi meM vyaktiparatA aura yogyatA ko jahA~ pradhAnatA dI hai, vahA~ bauddha, paramparA meM sAdhu-samudAya ke sAmane prAyazcitta grahaNa kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ prAyazcitta-vidhi kA vyavasthita rUpa hai : pratyeka mAsa kI kRSNa caturdazI aura pUrNamAsI ko tatrastha sabhI bhikSu uposathAgAra meM ekatrita hote haiM / buddha ne apanA uttarAdhikArI saMgha ko banAyA ; ataH koI nizcita AcArya nahIM hotaa| kisI prAjJa bhikSu ko sabhA ke pramukha pada para niyukta kiyA jAtA hai / tadanantara pAtimokkha kA vAcana hotA hai| pratyeka prakaraNa kI pUrti meM pUchA jAtA hai-'upasthita sabhI bhikSu ukta bAtoM meM zuddha haiM ?' koI bhikSu khar3A hokara tatsambandhI apane kisI doSa kI Alo. canA karanA cAhatA hai to saMgha usa para vicAra karatA hai aura usakI zuddhi karAtA hai| dUsarI bAra phira pUchA jAtA hai, 'upasthita sabhI bhikSu ina saba bAtoM meM zuddha haiM ?' isa prakAra tIna bAra pUcha kara mAna liyA jAtA hai, saba zuddha haiN| tadantara isI krama se eka-eka kara Age ke prakaraNa par3he jAte haiN| isI prakAra bhikSuNiyA~ bhikkhuNI pAtimokkha kA vAcana karatI jaina aura bauddha donoM paramparAoM kI prAyazcitta-vidhiyA~ pRthak-pRthak prakAra kI haiM, para, donoM meM hI manovaijJAnikatA avazya hai| prAyazcitta karane vAloM ke lie hRdaya kI pavitratA aura saralatA donoM hI vidhiyoM meM apekSita mAnI gaI haiN| AcAra-pakSa jisIha aura vinaya piTaka ke saMvidhAnoM se donoM hI paramparAoM kI AcAra-saMhitA bhalIbhA~ti spaSTa ho jAtI hai| donoM ke saMyukta adhyayana se aisA lagatA hai, AcAra kI ye donoM saritAe~ kahIM-kahIM eka-dUsare ke bahuta nikaTa ho jAtI haiM to kahIM eka-dUsare se bahuta dUra / hiMsA, asatya, corI, maithuna aura parigraha ; donoM hI zAstroM meM kaThoratA se vajita kiye gaye haiN| inake nyUnAdhika sevana para prAyazcitta bhI nyUnAdhika rUpa se batAyA gayA hai| kula milAkara jisIha ke vidhAna ahiMsA, satya Adi ke pAlana kI sUkSmatA taka pahuMcate haiM, vinaya piTaka ke vidhAna kucha arthoM meM bahuta hI sthUla aura vyAvahArika hI raha jAte haiN| donoM paramparAoM kI AcAra-saMhitA meM yaha maulika antara hai hii| jaina bhikSu kI ahiMsA pRthvI, pAnI, vanaspati, vAyu aura agni taka bhI anivArya hokara pahu~catI hai| NisIha meM pRthvI, pAnI Adi kI hiMsA ke sambandha se aneka mAsika tathA cAturmAsika prAyazcitta ke vidhAna milate haiN| Nisoha ke vidhi-vidhAnoM meM vyAvahArika pakSa gauNa aura ahiMsA, satya Adi saiddhAntika pakSa pramukha haiN| vinaya piTaka meM saiddhAntika pakSa meM bhI adhika saMgha-vyavasthA-rUpa vyAvahArika-pakSa pramukha hai| jaina paramparA ke anusAra pAnI-mAtra jIva hai sAdhu nadI, tAlAba, varSA, kueM Adi ke pAnI kA upayoga nahIM krtaa| pAnI-mAtra zastropahata arthAt acitta (ajIva) hokara hI sAdhu ke lie vyavahArya banatA hai / vinaya piTaka meM ahiMsA kI dRSTi kevala anachAne pAnI taka pahu~cI hai / vahAM jAna-bUjha kara prANi-yukta (anachAne) pAnI pIne vAle bhikSu ko 'pAcittiya' 1. vinaya piTaka, nidaan| ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] AcAra-grantha aura AcAra-saMhitA doSa batAyA gayA hai / jaina-bhikSu ke lie snAna-mAtra vajita hai| vaha acitta pAnI se bhI sarva-snAna aura deza-snAna nahIM krtaa| vinaya piTaka meM pandraha dinoM se pUrva snAna karane ko 'pAcittiya' kahA hai| usameM bhI grISma Rtu Adi apavAda rUpa haiN| bauddha-bhikSu aura bhikSuNiyoM ke lie nadI Adi meM snAna karane kI bhI vyavasthita AcAra-saMhitA hai| tAtparya, pathvI. pAnI. vanaspati Adi ke sambandha se jainAcAra aura bauddhAcAra eka dUsare se atyanta bhinna raha jAte haiN| vastra ke sambandha se Ni / meM apane lie banAye gaye yA kharIde gaye vastra ko koI grahaNa kare to use 'laghu caturmAsika' prAyazcitta batAyA gayA hai| vinaya piTaka kI vyavasthA hai-koI rAjA, rAjakarmacArI yA gRhastha dhana dekara apane dUta ko bhikSu ke pAsa bheje, vaha dUta bhikSu se A kara kahe-'bhante ! Apake lie yaha cIvara kA dhana hai, Apa ise grahaNa kreN|' taba usa bhikSu ko dUta se kahanA cAhie-'Avusa ! hama cIvara ke ghana ko nahIM lete, samayAnusAra cIvara hI lete haiN|' vaha dUta kisI upAsaka ko cIvara lA kara dene ke lie vaha dhana de de to bhikSu ko adhika-se-adhika tIna bAra use cIvara kI bAta yAda dilAnI cAhie aura kahanA cAhie-'upAsaka ! mujhe cIvara kI AvazyakatA hai|' itane para bhI vaha covara pradAna na kare to adhika-se-adhika punaH tIna bAra aura usake pAsa jA kara use yAda dilAne kI dRSTi se khar3A rahanA caahie| itane taka vaha upAsaka cIvara pradAna kare to ThIka; isase adhika prayatna kara yadi bhikSu cIvara ko prApta kare to use 'nissaggiya pAcittiya' / bhikSu kA karttavya hai, vaha usa arthadAtA ke pAsa jA kara kahe-'AyuSyaman ! tumhArA dhana mere kAma kA nahIM huaa| apane dhana ko dekho, vaha naSTa na ho jaaye|'5 NisIha kA vidhAna hai-koI sAdhu AhAra, pAnI, auSadhi Adi rAta bhara bhI saMgRhIta rakhatA hai, to use 'guru cAturmAsika' prAyazcitta / vinaya piTaka kA vidhAna haibhikSuoM ! ghI, makkhana, tela, madhu, khAMDa Adi rogI bhikSuo ko sevana karane yogya pathyabheSajya ko grahaNa kara adhika-se-adhika saptAha bhara rakha kara, bhoga kara lenA caahie| isakA atikramaNa karane para use nissaggiya pAcittiya' hai| jaina paramparA meM bhikSu ke lie rAtri-bhojana vajita hai / 8 vinaya piTaka ke anusAra jo koI bhikSu vikAla (madhyAhna ke bAda) meM khAdyabhojana khAye, use 'pAcittiya' hai|6 vizeSa bhojya padArthoM ko mA~ga kara lenA jaina paramparA meM niSiddha hai| vinaya piTaka meM 1. vinaya piTaka, bhikkhu pAtimokkha, pAcittiya 62 / 2. dasaveyAliya, a0 6, gA0 61 se 64 / 3. vinaya piTaka, bhikkhu pAtimokkha, pAcitiya, 57 / 4. NisIha sutta, u018, bo0 35 / 5. vinaya piTaka, bhikkhu pAtimokkha, nissaggiya pAcittiya 10 / 6. NisIha sUtra, u0 11, bo0 176-183 / 7. vinaya piTaka, bhikkhu pAtimokkha, nissaggiya pAcittiya 23 / 8. dasaveyAliya, a04| 6. vinaya piTaka, bhikkhu pAtimokkha, pAcittiya 37 / ___ 2010_05

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468 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 ghI, makkhana, tela, dUdha, dahI Adi vizeSa padArthoM ko bhikSu mA~ga kara le to use 'pAcittiya' batAyA hai / " jaina paramparA ke anusAra sAdhu bhojana ko bhikSA-rUpa se apane pAtra meM grahaNa karatA hai aura apane upAzraya meM Akara yA kisI upayukta ekAnta sthAna meM bhojana karatA hai / bauddhaparamparA ke anusAra bauddha bhikSu AmantraNa pAkara gRhastha ke ghara bhojana ke lie jAtA hai / vinaya piTaka ke 'sekhiya' prakaraNa meM bhikSu bhikSuNI ko gRhastha ke ghara meM kisa saMyata gatividhi se jAnA va baiThanA cAhie, isa viSaya meM bahuta hI vyavasthita zikSA vidhAna hai| bhojana karane sambandhI zikSA-pada rocaka aura sabhyatA sUcaka haiN| isa sambandha meM bhikSuNI kI pratijJAeM haiM : 1. grAsa ko binA mu~ha taka lAye mukha ke dvAra ko na kholUMgI / 2. bhojana karate samaya sAre hAtha ko mu~ha meM na DAlU~gI / 3. grAsa par3e hue mukha se bAta nahIM kruuNgii| 4. grAsa uchAla-uchAla kara nahIM khAU~gI / 5. grAsa ko kATa-kATa kara nahIM khAU~gI / 6. gAla phulA-phulA kara nahIM khAU~gI / 7. hAtha jhAr3a-jhAr3a kara nahIM khAU~gI / 8. jUThana bikhera- bikhera kara nahIM khAUMgI / 6. jIbha caTakAra caTakAra kara nahIM khAU~gI / 10. capa-capa kara nahIM khAU~gI / 2 ye pratijJAeM bhikkhu pAtimokkha meM bhikSuo ke lie bhI haiM / bhikSuNiyoM ke lie lahasuna kI varjanA kI gaI hai / 3 dIkSA-prasaMga dIkSA kisa vayomAna meM dI jA sakatI hai, isa viSaya se donoM parampAoM ke vidhAna bahuta hI bhinna haiM / jaina paramparA meM janma se ATha varSa se kucha adhika umra vAle kI dIkSA kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / " isase pUrva dIkSA dene vAle ko prAyazcitta kahA hai / vinaya piTaka kA kathana hai-- yadi bhikSu jAnate hue bIsa varSa se kama umra vAle vyakti ko upasampanna ( dIkSita) kare, to vaha dIkSita adIkSita hai / " mahAvIra aura buddha lagabhaga eka hI yuga va eka hI kSetra meM the| donoM hI zramaNa saMskRti kI do dhArAoM ke nAyaka the / dIkSA vayomAna kA yaha maulika bheda avazya hI AzcaryotpAdaka hai / vayaska dIkSA aura avayaska dIkSA kA prazna usa samaya bhI samAja meM rahA hogA / yadi aisA hI thA to eka saMgha ne use mAnyatA dI aura eka saMgha ne use mAnyatA nahIM dI, isakA kyA kAraNa ? 1. vinaya piTaka, bhikkhuNI pAtimokkha, pAcittiya, 36 / 2. vahI, sekhiya 41-50 / 3. vahI, bhikkhuNI pAtimokkha, pAcittiya 1 / 4. vyavahAra sUtra, u0 10, bo0 24 / 5. vinaya-piTaka bhikkha pAtimokkha, pAcittiya 65 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA AcAra-grantha aura AcAra-saMhitA 466 alpa vayaska kI dIkSA kA vidhAna hI mahAvIra ne kiyA, yahI nahIM, unhoMne atimuktaka kumAra ko alpAvasthA meM dIkSita bhI kiyaa| gaNadhara gautama gocarI karate hue polAsapura nagara meM ghUma rahe the| akasmAt atimuktaka ne A kara unakI aMgulI pakar3I aura kahA--'mere yahA~ bhikSA ke lie clie|' bAla-haTha kaise TalatA / gaNadhara gautama ne usake ghara jA kara bhikSA lii| bhikSA le kara mur3e, to bAlaka bhI unake sAtha-sAtha cala pdd'aa| mArga meM atimuktaka ne pUchA-'bhante ! Apa kahA~ jA rahe haiM ?' gaNadhara gautama ne kahA-'parama zAnti ke udbhAvaka bhagavAn zrI mahAvIra ke pAsa / ' atimuktaka ne kahA - 'mujhe bhI zAnti cAhie; maiM bhI vahIM jaauuNgaa| isa prakAra vaha udyAna meM AyA aura yathAvidhi mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSita haa| usI atimuktaka bhikSu ne eka bAra pramAdavaza apane pAtra se nadI meM jala-krIr3A kI sthavira mikSaoM ne use ddaaNttaa| mahAvIra ne use prAyazcitta de kara zuddha kiyA aura kahA taka abhI ajJa jaisA lagatA hai, kintu, yaha isI jIvana meM yathAkrama kaivalya va nirvANa prApta kregaa| mahAvIra ne yaha bhI nirUpaNa kiyA hai ki ATha varSa se kucha adhika vayomAna bAlaka usI vaya meM kaivalya aura mokSa prApta kara sakatA hai| isase pUrva sAdhutva, kaivalya aura mokSa ; tInoM hI aprApya haiN| dIkSA-grahaNa meM mAtA, pitA Adi kI AjJA bhI Avazyaka hotI bauddha paramparA ke dIkSA-sambandhI vidhAnoM kA itihAsa aura abhiprAya vinaya piTaka meM bhI mila jAtA hai| rAjagRha nagara meM sataraha bAlaka paraspara mitra the| upAli una sabameM vayA thaa| eka dina upAli ke mAtA-pitA socane lage, upAli ko kisa mArga para lagAnA cAhie, jisase hamArI mRtyu ke bAda bhI vaha sukhI banA rhe| pahale unhoMne socA, yadi lekhA va jAye to vaha sadA sukhI raha skegaa| phira unake mana meM AyA, lekhA sIkhane meM to usakI a~guliyA~ dukheNgii| isa prakAra aneka vikalpa soce, para, koI bhI vikalpa nirApada nahIM lgaa| anta meM socA. ye zAkyapatrIya zramaNa sakha hI sakha meM rahate haiN| ye acchA bhojana ko acche nivAsoM meM rahate haiN| kyoM na upAli bhikSu bana kara inake sAtha rahe ? hama mara bhI jAyeMge, to yaha to sadA sukhI hI rhegaa| upAli bhI eka ora baiThA isa vArtAlApa ko suna rahA thaa| vaha tatkAla apanI mitramaNDalI meM gayA aura bolA-'Ao Aryo ! hama saba zAkyaputrIya zramaNoM ke pAsa pravajita ho, sadA ke lie sukhI ho jaayeN|' saba sahamata ho gye| anta meM mAtA-pitAoM ne bhI sabakI samAna ruci dekha kara saharSa unheM dIkSita hone kI AjJA dii| ve bhikSaoM ke pAsa Aye aura dIkSita ho gye| dina meM ve sukha se rhte| rAta ko saverA hone se pUrva hI bhUkha se vyAkula ho kara ve rote va kahate-'khicar3I do ! bhAta do ! khAnA do !' taba bhikSu aisA kahate the--'Thaharo Avuso ! saberA hote hI yavAgU (patalI khicar3I yA daliyA) ho to pInA, bhAta ho to khAnA, roTI ho to bhojana krnaa| yaha saba na ho, to bhikSA karake khaanaa|' isa prakAra bhikSu unheM samajhAte, para, bhUkha kI kyA davA ? ve tilamilAte aura bistaroM para idhara-udhara luddh'kte| 1. bhagavatI sUtra, za0 5, u04| 2. vahI, zataka 8, u0 10 / ____ 2010_05

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470 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa 1 eka dina buddha ko isa bAta kA patA lgaa| unhoMne bhikSuoM ko ekatrita kiyA aura kahA-'bhikSuo ! bIsa varSa se kama umra kA puruSa sardI-garmI, bhUkha-pyAsa, sA~pa-bicchU Adi ke kaSToM ko sahane meM asamartha hotA hai / kaThora durAgata ke vacanoM aura duHkhamaya, tIvra, kharI, kaTu, pratikUla, apriya, prANa harane vAlI utpanna huI zArIrika pIr3AoM ko sahana na karane vAlA hotA hai / bhikSuo ! inhIM saba kAraNoM se maiM niyama karatA hU~ ki bIsa varSa se pUrva kisI vyakti ko upasampadA nahIM denI caahiye|" taba se bhikSu banAne kA niyama bIsa varSa kA ho gyaa| para, samaya-samaya para aise prasaMga Ane lage ki anta meM bAlakoM ko bhI saMgha-sambaddha karane kA anya mArga buddha ko nikAlanA pdd'aa| vaha thA-zrAmaNera bnaanaa| eka bAra ghaTanA-vizeSa para niyama banA diyA gayApandraha varSa se kama Ayu vAle bacce ko zrAmaNera nahIM banAnA caahie| jo banAegA, use dukkaTa kA doSa hogaa| puna: eka prasaMga aisA AyA, jisase pandraha varSa se kama Ayu vAle bacce ko bhI zrAmaNera banAne kA vidhAna karanA pdd'aa| __AyuSmAn Ananda kA eka zraddhAlu parivAra mahAmArI meM mara gyaa| kevala do bacce baca gaye / Ananda ko unakI anAtha avasthA para dayA aaii| usane sArI sthiti buddha ke pAsa rkhii| buddha ne kahA-'Ananda ! kyA ve bAlaka kauA ur3Ane meM samartha haiM ?' Ananda ne kahA---'hA~, bhagavan !' taba buddha ne ekatrita bhikSuoM se kahA- bhikSuo ! kauA ur3Ane meM samartha pandraha varSa se kama umra ke bacce ko zrAmaNera banAne kI anumati detA huuN|' rAhula ko zrAmaNera pravrajyA dene kI ghaTanA bahuta hI rocaka hai| usI prasaMga para buddha ne niyama banAyA-'bhikSuo! mAtA-pitA kI anumati ke binA putra ko pravrajita nahIM karanA cAhie / jo pravrajita karegA, use dukkaTa kA doSa hogaa|'5 ukta prakaraNoM se jaina aura bauddha, donoM hI paramparAoM ke dIkSA-sambandhI abhimata prakaTa ho jAte haiN| mahAvIra ne ATha varSa se kucha adhika kI avasthA vAle bAlaka ko dIkSita karane kA vidhAna kiyA hai| buddha ne kAka ur3Ane meM samartha bAlaka ko zrAmaNera banAne kA vidhAna kiyA hai / 'zrAmaNeratA' bhikSatva kI hI eka pUrvAvasthA hai| kula milA kara yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai, dharmAvaraNa meM bAlyAvasthA ko donoM ne hI sarvathAM vAdhaka nahIM mAnA hai| dharma-saMgha meM striyoM kA sthAna mahAvIra ne eka sAtha caturvidha-saMgha kI sthApanA kii| vinaya piTaka ke anusAra bauddha dharma-saMgha meM pahale-pahala bhikSuNiyoM kA sthAna nahIM thaa| vaha sthAna kaise banA, isakA vinaya piTaka meM rocaka varNana hai ___ eka bAra buddha kapilavastu ke nyagrodhArAma meM raha rahe the| unakI mausI prajApati gautamI, unake pAsa AI aura bolI-bhante ! apane bhikSu-saMgha meM striyoM ko bhI sthAna deM!' 1. vinaya piTaka, mahAvagga, mahAskandhaka, 1-3-6 / 2. vahI, 1-3-7 / 3. vahI, 1-3-8 / 4. vistAra ke lie dekheM; 'bhikSu saMgha aura usakA vistAra' prakaraNa / 5. vinaya piTaka, mahAvagga mahAskandhaka, 1-3-11 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] AcAra-grantha aura AcAra-saMhitA 471 buddha ne kahA-'yaha mujhe acchA nahIM lgtaa|' gautamI ne dUsarI bAra aura tIsarI bAra bhI apanI bAta doharAI, para, usakA pariNAma kucha nahIM niklaa| kucha dinoM bAda jaba buddha vaizAlI meM vihAra kara rahe the, gautamI bhikSuNI kA veSa banA kara aneka zAkya-striyoM ke sAtha ArAma meM phuNcii| Ananda ne usakA yaha svarUpa dekhaa| dIkSA-grahaNa karane kI AturatA usake pratyeka avayava se Tapaka rahI thii| Ananda ko dayA aaii| vaha buddha ke pAsa pahu~cA aura nivedana kiyA- 'bhante ! striyoM ko bhikSu-saMgha meM sthAna deN|' kramazaH tIna bAra kahA, para, koI pariNAma nahIM niklaa| anta meM kahA-'yaha mahAprajApati gautamI hai, jisane mAtR-viyoga meM bhagavAn ko dUdha pilAyA hai ; ataH ise avazya pravrajyA mile|' anta meM buddha ne Ananda ke anurodha ko mAnA aura kucha adhiniyamoM ke sAtha use sthAna dene kI AjJA dii| 1. vinaya piTaka, cullavagga, bhikkhuNI skandhaka, 10-1-4 / ___ 2010_05

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tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mala pAli siMha senApati tena kho pana samayena abhijAtA abhijJAtA licchavI santhAgAre sannisinnA sannipatitA anekapariyAyena buddhassa vaNNaM bhAsanti, dhammassa vaNNaM bhAsanti, saGghassaM vaNNaM bhAsanti ! tena kho pana samayena sIho senApati nigaNThasAvako tassaM parisAyaM nisinno hoti / aya kho sIhassa senApatissa etadahosi-"nissaMsayaM kho so bhagavA arahaM sammAsambuddho bhavissati tathA hime abhijJAtA abhijAtA licchavI santhAgAre sannisinnA sannipatitA anekapariyAyena buddhassa vaNNaM bhAsanti, dhammassa vaNNaM bhAsanti, saGghassa vaNNaM bhAsanti / yannUnAhaM taM bhagavantaM dassanAya upasaGkameyyaM arahantaM sammAsambuddha" ti / atha khI sIho senApati yena nigaNTho nATaputto tenupasaGkami; upasaMkimitvA nigaNThaM nATaputtaM etadavoca-"icchAmahaM, bhante, samaNaM gotamaM dassanAya upasamituM" ti / "kiM pana tvaM, sIha, kririyAvAdo samAno akiriyavAdaM samaNaM gotamaM dassanAya upasaMGkamissasi ? samaNo hi, sIha, gotamo akiriyavAdo, akiriyAya dhamma deseti, tena ca sAvake vinetI" ti / atha kho sIhassa senApatisya yo ahosi gamiyAbhisaGkhAro bhagavantaM dassanAya, so paTippassambhi / dutiyaM pi kho sambahula abhijJAtA abhijAtA licchavI santhAgAre sannisinnA sannipatitA anekapariyAyena baddhassa vaNNaM bhAsanti. dhammasassa vaNNaM bhAsanti, saGghassa vaNNaM bhaasnti| dUtiyaM pi kho sIhassa senA-patissa etadahosi-"nissaMsayaM kho so bhagavA arahaM sammAsambuddho bhavissati, tathA hime abhijJAtA abhijJAtA licchavI santhAgAre sannisinnA sannipatitA anekapariyAyena buddhassa vaNNaM bhAsanti, dhammassa vaNNaM bhAsanti, saMGghassa vaNNaM bhAsanti / yannUnAhaM taM bhagavantaM dassanAya upasaMkameyyaM arahantaM sammAsambuddha" ti / atha kho sIho senApati yena nigaNTho nATapatto tenapasaMkami: upasaMkamitvA nigaNThaM nATapUttaM etadavoca-"icchAmahaM, bhante, samaNaM gotamaM dassanAya upasaMkamituM" ti / ....... 'samaNo hi, sIha, gotamo akiriyAvAdo akiriyAya dhamma dese ti, tena ca sAvake vineti" ti / dutiyaM pi kho sIhassa senApatissa yo ahosi gamiyAbhi-saGkhAro bhagavantaM dassanAya, so pttippssmbhi| tatiyaM pi kho. abhijJAtA abhijAtA licchavI santhAgAre sannisinnA sannipatitA anekapariyAyena buddhassa vaNNaM bhAsanti, dhasmamma vaNNaM bhAsanti, saGghassa vaNNaM bhAsanti / tatiyaM pi kho sIhassa senApatissa etadahosi .. nissaMsayaM kho so bhagavA arahaM sammAsambuddho bhavissati, tathA hime'abhijJAtA abhijJAtA licchavI santhAgAre sannisinnA sannipatitA anekapariyAyena buddhassa vaNNaM bhAsanti, dhammassa vaNNaM bhAsanti. saMghassa vaNNaM bhaasnti| ki hime 2010_05

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476 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 karissanti nigaNThA apalokitA vA anapalokitA vA ? yannUnAhaM anapaloketvA va nigaNThe taM bhagavantaM dassanAya upasaMkameyyaM arahantaM sammAsambuddha" ti / atha kho sIho senApati paJcamattehi rathasatehi divAdivassa vesAliyA niyyAsi bhagavantaM dassanAya / yAvatikA yAnassa bhUmi, yAnena gantvA yAnA paccorohitvA patti kova.. yena bhagavA tenupasaMkamitvA bhagavantaM abhivAdetvA ekamantaM nisIdi / ekamantaM nisinno kho sIho senApati bhagavantaM etadavoca-"sutaM metaM, bhante, 'akiriyAvAdo samaNo gotamo akiriyAya dhamma deseti, tena ca sAvake vinetI' tiM / ye te, bhante, evamAhaMsu 'akiriyavAdo samaNo gotamo, akiriyAya dhamma deseti, tena ca sAvake vinetI' ti, kacci, te, bhante, bhagavato vuttavAdino, na ca bhagavantaM abhUtena abbhAcikkhanti, dhammassa ca anudhamma vyAkaronti, na ca koci sahadhammiko vAdAnuvAdo gArayhaM ThAnaM Agacchati ? anabbhakkhAtukAmA hi mayaM, bhante bhagavantaM" ti / 'atthi, sIha, pariyAyo, yena meM pariyAyena sammA vadamAno vadeyya-'akiriyavAdI samaNo gotamo, akiriyAya dhamma deseti, tena ca sAvake vinetI' ti / atthi, sIha, pariyAyo, yena maM pariyAyena sammA vadamAno vadeyya -'kiriyAvAdo samaNo gotamo kiriyAya dhamma deseti, tena ca sAvake vinetI' ti / "asthi, sIha, pariyAyo yena meM pariyAyena sammA vadamAno vadeyya-'ucchevAdo samaNo gotamo, ucchedAya dhamma deseti. tena ca sAvake vinetI' ti| "atthi, sIha, pariyAyo, yena maM pariyAyena sammA vadamAnI vadeyya-'jegucchI samaNo gotamo, jegucchitAya dhamma deseti, tena ca sAvake vinetI'ti / "atthi, sIha, pariyAyo, yena maM pariyAyena sammA vadamAno vadeyya -'venayiko samaNo gotamo, viniyAya dhamma deseti, tena ca sAvake vinetI' ti / "asthi, sIha, pariyAyo, yena ma pariyAyena sammA vadamAno vadeyya-'tapassI samaNo gotamo, tapassitAya dhamma deseti, tena ca sAvake vinetI' ti| "atthi, sIha, pariyAyo yena ca pariyAyena sammA vadamAno vadeyya-'apagabbho samaNo gotamo, apagabyatAya dhamma deseti, tena ca sAvake vinetI' ti| "atthi, sIha, pariyAyo, yena maM pariyAyena sammA vadamAno vadeyya-'assattho samaNo gotamo, assAsAya dhamma deseti, tena ca sAvake vinetI' ti| "katamo ca, sIha, pariyAyo, yena maM pariyAyena sammA vadamAno vadeyya-akiriyavAdo samaNo gotamo, akiriyAya dhamma deseti, tena ca sAvake vinetI' ti ? ahaM hi, sIha, akiriyaM vdaami| kAyaduccaritassa vacIduccaritassa manoduccaritassa; anekavihitAnaM... sammA vadamAno vadeyya -- 'akiriyavAdo samaNo gotamo, akiriyAya dhamma deseti, tena ca sAvake vinetI' ti / ____ "katamo ca, sIha, pariyAyo, yena maM pariyAyena sammA vadamAno vadeyya --'kiriyavAdo samaNo gotmo,......| ___ katamo ca, sIha, pariyAyo yena maM pariyAyena sammA vadamAno vadeyya - 'ucchedavAdo, samaNo gotmo,.......| "katamo ca, sIha, pariyAyo, yena meM pariyAyena samma vadamAno vadeyya-'jegucchI samaNo gotmo,.......| "katamo ca, sIha, pariyAyo, yena meM pariyAyena sammA vadamAno vadeyya-venayiko samaNo gotmo,......| ____ 2010_05 www.jainelibrar

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477 AcAra-grantha aura AcAra-saMhitA "katamo ca, sIha, pariyAyo, yena maM pariyAyena sammA vadamAno vadeyya- - tapassI samaNo itihAsa aura paramparA ] gotamo, / "katamo ca, sIha, pariyAyo, yena maM pariyAyena sammA vadamAno vadeyya - apagabbho samaNI gotamo, 1 "katamo ca, sIha, pariyAyo, yena maM pariyAyena sammA vadamAno vadeyya -- 'assAtsako samaNo gotamo, / " evaM vRtta sIho senApati bhagavantaM etadavoca - "abhikkantaM, bhante, pe0 upAsakaM maM, bhagavA dhAretu ajjatagge pANupetaM saraNaM gataM " ti / "anuviccakAraM kho, sIha, karohi ; anuviccakAro tumhAdisAnaM bhAtamatussAna sAdhu hotI" ti / "iminApAhaM, bhante, bhagavato bhigyosomattAya attamanno abhiraddho, yaM maM bhagavA evamAha - anuviccakAraM kho, sIha, karohi / anuviccakAro tumhA disAnaM jAtamanussAnaM sAdhu hotI' ti / maM hi bhante, aJJJatitthiyA sAvakaM labhitvA kevalappaM vesAli paTAkaM parihareyyuM - 'sIho kho amhAkaM senApati sAvakattaM upagato' ti / atha ca pana maM bhagavA evamAha - 'anuviccakAraM kho, sIha, karohi / anuviccakAro tumhAdisAnaM jAtamanussAnaM sAdhu hotI' ti / emAhaM, bhante, dutimaM pi bhagavantaM saraNaM gacchAmi dhammaM ca bhikkhusaGgha ca / upAsakaM maM bhagavA dhAretu ajjatagge pANupenaM saraNaM gataM " ti / "dIgharattaM khote, sIha, nigaNThAnaM opAnabhUtaM kulaM yena nesaM upagatAnaM piNDakaM dAtabba mayyAsI" ti / "iminAhaM, bhante, bhagavato vacanena bhiyyosomattAya attamAno abhiraddho, yaM maM bhagavA evamAha -- "dIgharataM kho te, sIha, nigaNThAnaM opAnabhUtaM kulaM yena nesaM upagatAnaM piNDakaM dAtabbaM maJJeyyAsI' ti / sutaM metaM, bhante, 'samaNo gotamo evamAha - mayhameva dAnaM dAtabbaM, mayhameva sAvakAnaM dAnaM dAtabvaM, marahameva dinnaM mahaSphalaM, na asaM dinnaM mahatphalaM ; marahameva sAvakAnaM dinnaM mahatphalaM na aGajesaM sAvakAnaM dinnaM mahatphalaM ' ti / atha ca pana maM bhagavA nagaNThepi dAne samAdapeti / api ca, bhante, mayamettha kAlaM jA nissAma / esAhaM, bhante, tatiyaM pi bhagavantaM saraNaM gacchAmi dhammaM ca bhikkhusaGgha ca / upAsakaM maM, bhante, bhagavA dhAretu ajjatagge pANupetaM saraNaM gataM " ti / atha kho bhagavA sIhassa senApatissa anupubbi kathaM kathesi seyyathIda - dAnakathaM ...aparappaccayo satyusAsane bhagavantaM etadavoca - " adhivAsetu me, bhante, bhagavA svAtanAya bhattaM saddhi bhikkhusaGgha enA" ti / adhivAsesi bhagavA tumhIbhAvena / atha kho sIho senApati bhagavato adhivAsanaM viditvA uTThAyAsanA bhagavantaM abhivAdetvA padakkhiNaM karavA pakkAmi / atha kho sIho senApati attaraM purisaM ANApesi - "gaccha, bhaNe, pavattamaMsaM jAnAhI" ti / atha kho sIho senApati tassA ratiyA accayena vaNIttaM khAdanIyaM bhojanIyaM paTiyAdApetvA bhagavato kAlaM ArocApesi - "kAlo, bhante, niTTitaM bhattaM" ti / atha kho bhagavA pubbaNhasamayaM nivAsetvA pattacIvaramAdAya yena sIhassa senApatissa nivesanaM tenupasaGkami, upasakamitvA paJJatte Asane nisIdi saddhi bhikkhusaGghena / ... tena kho pana samayena sambahulA nigaNThA vesAliyaM rathikAya rathikaM siGghATakena siGghATakaM bAhA para yaha kandanti - "ajja sIhena senApatinA thUlaM pasu vadhitvA samaNassa gotamassa bhattaM taM / taM samaNo gotamo jAnaM uddistakataM maMsaM paribhuJjati paTikammaM " ti / atha kho aJjataro puriso yena sIho senApati tenupasaGkami, upasaGkamitvA sIhassa senApatissa upakaNNake Arocesi - yagdhe bhante, jAneypAsi ! ete sambahulA nigaNThA vesAliyaM rathikAya 2010_05

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478 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 rathika siGghATakena siGghATakaM bAhA paggayha kandanti-'ajja sAhena senApatinA thUlaM pasuM vadhitvA samaNassa gotamassa bhattaM ktN| taM samaNo gotamo jAnaM uddissa kataM maMsaM paribhuJjati paTiccakamma" ti / alaM ayyo, dogharattaM pi te Ayasmanto avaNNa kAmA buddhassa, avaNNakAmA dhammassa, avaNNakAmA saMghassa / na ca pana te Ayasmantane jiridanti taM bhagavantaM asatA tucchA musA abhUtena abbhAcivikhantaM ; na ca bhayaM jIvitahetu pi saJcicca pANaM jIvitA voropethyAmA" ti / atha kho sIho senApati nuddhappamukhaM bhikkhusacaM paNItena khAdanIyena bhojanIyena sahatthA..'santappetvA sampavAretvA-bhagavantaM bhuttAvi onItapattapANi ekamantaM nisIdi / ekamantaM nisinnaM kho sIhaM senApati bhagavA dhammiyA kathAya sandassetvA samAnapetvA samuttejetvA sampahaMsetvA uTThAyAsanA pakkAmi ti| atha kho bhagavA etasmi nidAne etasmi pakaraNe dhammi kathaM katvA bhikkhU Amantesi-"na, bhikkhave, jAnaM udissakataM maMsaM paribhUJjitabbaM / yo paribhujeyya Apatti dukkaTassa / anujAnAmi, bhikkhave, tikoTiparisuddhaM macchamasaM-adiTTha asuttaM aparisaMkitaM" ti / ' eka samayaM bhagavA vesAliyaM viharati mahAvane kuuttaagaarsaalaayN| tena kho pana samayena sambahulA abhijJAtA abhijAtA licchavI0........ / ekamanta nisinnaM kho sIhaM senApati bhagavA dhammiyA kathAya sandarasetvA samAdapetvA sampahaMsetvA samuttejetvA uTThAyAsanA pakkAmI ti / gRhapati upAli evaM me sutaM / eka samayaM bhagavA nAlandAya viharati pAvArikambavane / tena khopana samayena nigaNTho nAtaputto nAlandAyaM paTivasati mahatiyA nigaNThaparisAya saddhi / atha kho dIghatapassI nigaNTho nAlandAya piNDAya caritvA pacchAbhattaM piNDapAtapaTikkanto yena pAvA rikambavanaM yena bhagavA tenupasaGkati ; upasaGkamitvA bhagavatA saddhi sammodi / sammodanIyaM kathaM sAraNIyaM vItisAretvA ekamantaM aTTAsi / ekamantaM ThitaM kho dIghatapassi nigaNThaM bhagavA etadavoca - "saMvijjanti kho, tapassI, AsanAni; sace Akasi nisIdA" ti| evaM vutta dIghatapassI nigaNTho aJjataraM nIcaM AsanaM gahetvA ekamantaM nisiidi| ekamantaM nisinnaM kho dIghatapassi nigaNThaM bhagavA etadavoca-"kati pana, tapassi, nigaNTho nAtaputto kammAni pabhJApeti pApassa kammassa kiriyAya pApassa kammassa pavattiyA" ti ? "na kho, Avaso gotama, AciNNaM nigaNThassa nAtaputtassa 'kamma, kamma' ti pacapetuM; 'daNDaM, danDaM' ti kho, Avuso gotama, AciNNaM nigaNThassa nAtaputtassa pApetuM" ti / 1. vinaya piTaka, mahAvagga pAli, 6-16 ; 31-35, pR0 248 se 252 / 2. suttapiTake, aMguttaranikAya pAli, aTThakanipAta, mahAvaggo, sIhasuttaM, 8-2-2, pR0 263 se 300 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 479 "kati pana, tapassi, nigaNTho nAtaputto daNDAni paJaApeti pApassa kammassa kiriyAya pApassa kammassa pavattiyA" ti ? "tINi kho, mAvaso gotama, nigaNTho nAtaputto daNDAni paJaApeti pApassa kammassa kiriyAya pApassa kammassa pavattiyA ti, seyyathIdaM-kAyadaNDa, vacIdaNDaM, manodaNDaM" ti| "ki pana, tapassi, ajhadeva kAyadaNDaM, azaM vacIdaNDaM, ajhaM manodaNDa" ti ? ''aJadeva, Avuso gotama, kAyadaNDaM, aJjhaM vacIdaNDaM, anaM manodaNDaM" ti / "imesaM pana, tapassi, tiNNaM daNDAnaM evaM paTivibhattAnaM evaM paTivisiTTAnaM katamaM daNDaM nigaNTho nAtaputto mahAsAvajjataraM paJaApeti pApassa... pavattiyA, yadi vA kAyadaNDa,yadi vA vacIdaNDaM, yadi vA manIdaNDaM" ti? "imesaM kho, Avuso gotama, tiNNaM daNDAnaM evaM paTivibhattAnaM evaM paTivisiTTAnaM kAyadaNDaM nigaNTho..."pavattiyA, no tathA vacIdaNDaM, no tathA manodaNDa" ti| "kAyadaNDaM ti, tapassi, vadesi" ? "kAyadaNDaM ti, Avuso gotama, vdaami| "kAyadaNDaM ti, tapassi, vadesi" ? "kAyadaNDaM ti, Avuso gotama, vdaami"| "kAyadaNDaM ti, tapassi, vadesi" ? "kAyadaNDaM ti, Avuso gotama, vadAmI" ti| itiha bhagavA dIghatapassi nigaNThaM imasmi kathAvatthusmi yAvatatiyakaM patiTTApesi / evaM vutta, dIghatapassI nigaNTho bhagavantaM etadavoca-tvaM panAvuso gotama, kati daNDAni paJApesi pApassa... pavattiyA" ti ? "na kho, tapassi, AciNNaM tathAgatassa 'daNDaM, daNDaM' ti paJApetuM ; kamma, kamma' ti kho, tapassi, AciNNaM tathAgatassa paJjhAtetuM' ti? "tvaM panAso gotama, kati kammAni paJapesi pApassa... pavattiyA" ti ? "tINi kho ahaM, tapassi, kammAni paJapemi pApassa..."pavattiyA, seyyathIdakAyakammaM vacIkasma, manokamma" ti / "kiM panAvuso gotama, ajhadeva kAyakammaM, aJja vacIkamma, akhaM manokamma" ti? * "aJadeva, tapassi, kAyakamma, aJa vacIkammaM, aJa manokamma" ti| "imesaM panAvuso gotama, tiNNaM kammAna evaM paTivibhattAnaM evaM paTivisiTTAnaM katamaM kammaM mahAsAvajjataraM paJapesi pAvassa... pavattiyA, yadi vA kAyakamma, yadi vA vacIkamma, yadi vA manokamma" ti ? "imesaM kho yahaM, tapassi tiNNaM kammAnaM evaM paTivibhattAnaM evaM paTivisiTTAnaM manokammaM mahAsAvajjataraM paJapemi pApassa... pavattiyA, no tathA kAyakamma, no tathA vacI kamma" ti| "manokammaM ti, Avuso gotama, vadesi" ? "manokammaM ti, tapassi vdaami"| "manokammaM ti, Avuso gotama, vadesi" ? ____ 2010_05

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480 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 "manokammaM ti, tapassi, vdaami|" "manokamma ti, Avuso gotama, vadesi" ? "manokammaM ti, tapassi, vadAmo" ti| itiha dIghatapassI nigaNThI bhagavantaM imasmi kathAvatthusmi yAvatatiyakaM patidvApetvA uThAyAsanA yena nigaNTho nAtaputto tenupasaGkami / tena kho pana samayena nigaNTho nAtaputto mahatiyA gihiparisAya saddhi nisinno hoti bAlakiniyA parisAya upAlipamukhAya / addasA kho nigaNTho nAtaputto dIghatapassi nigaNThaM dUrato va AgacchantaM ; disvAna dIghatapassi nigaNThaM etadavoca-"handa, kuto nu tvaM, tapassi, bAgacchasi divA divassA" ti? "ito hi kho ahaM, bhante, AgacchAmi samaNassa gotamassa santikA" ti / "ahu pana te, tapassi, samaNena gotamena saddhi kocideva kathAsallApo'' ti ? 'ahu kho me, bhante, samaNena gotamena saddhi kocideva kathAsallApo' ti| "yathA kathaM pana te, tapassi, ahu samaNena gotamena saddhi kocideva kathAsallApo" ti ? atha kho dIghatapassI nigaNTho yAvatakA ahosi bhagavatA saddhi kathAsallApo taM sabba nigaNThassa nAtaputtassa aarocesi| aivaM vutte, nigaNTho nAtaputto dIghatapassi nigaNThaM etadavoca-"sAdhu sAdhu, tapassi ! yathA taM sutavatA sAvakena sammadeva satthusAsanaM AjAnantena evamevaM dIghatapassinA nigaNThena samaNarasa gotamassa vyAkataM / kiM hi somati chavo manodaNDo imassa evaM olArikassa kAyadaNDassa upanidhAya ! atha kho kAyadaNDo va mahAsAvajjataro pApassa kammassa kiriyAya pApassa kammassa pavattiyA, no tathA vacIdaNDo, no tathA manodaNDo" ti| ____ evaM vutte, upAli gahapati nigaNThaM nAtaputtaM etadavoca-sAdhu, sAdhu, bhante dIghatapassi ! yathA0 . . 'tathA mnodnnddo| handa cAhaM, bhante, gacchAmi samaNassa gotamassa imaM pi kathAvatthusmi vAdaM aaropessaami| sace me samaNo gotamo tathA patiTTahissati yathA bhadantena tapassinAM patiTThApitaM ; seyyathApi nAma balavA puriso dIghalomika elakAlomesu gahetvA AkaDDheyya parikaDDheya samparikaDDhayya, aivamevrAhaM samaNaM gotamaM vAdena vAdaM AkaDhissAmi parikaDDhassAmi samparikaDDhissAmi / seyyathApi nAma balavA soNDikAkammakAro mahantaM soNDikAkilaja gambhIre udakaradahe pakkhipitvA kaNNe gahetvA AkaDDheyya parikaDDheyya samparikaDDheyya, evamevAhaM samaNaM gotamaM vAdena vAdaM AkaDiDhssAmi parikaDhissAmi sammarikaDDhissAmi / seyyathApi nAma balavA soNDikAdhutto vAlaM kaNNe gahetvA odhuneyya niddhaneyya nipphoTeyya, evamevAha samaNaM gotamaM vAdena vAdaM odhunissAmi niddhanissAmi nipphottessaami| seyyathApi nAma kuJjaro saTThihAyano gambhIraM pokkharaNiM ogAhetvA sANadhIvikaM nAma kIlitajAtaM kIlati, evamevAhaM samaNaM gotamaM sANadhovika maje kIlitajAtaM kIlissAmi / handa cAha, bhante, gacchAmi samaNassa gotamassa imasmi kathAvatthusmi vAdaM AropessAmI" ti| "gaccha tvaM gahapati, samaNassa gotamassa imasmi kathAvatthusmi vAdaM Aropehi / ahaM vA hi, gahapati, samaNassa, gotamassa vAdaM Aropeyya, dIghatapassI vA nigaNTho, tvaM vA" ti / evaM vutte, dIghatapassI nigaNTho nigaNThaM nAtaputtaM etadavoca-"na kho metaM, bhante, 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 481 ruccatti yaM upAli gahapati samaNassa gotamassa vAdaM aaropeyy| samaNo hi, bhante, gotamo mAyAvI AvaTTani mAyaM jAnAti yAya ajha tithiyAnaM sAvake AvaTetI" ti| "aTThAnaM kho etaM, tapassi, anavakAso yaM upAli gahapati samaNassa gotamassa sAvakattaM upgccheyy| ThAnaM ca kho etaM vijjati yaM samaNo gotamo upAlissa gahapatissa sAvakattaM upagaccheyya / gaccha, tvaM, gahapati, samaNassa gotamassa imasmi kathAvatthusmi vAdaM Aropehi / ahaM vA hi, gahapati, samaNassa gotamassa vAdaM AropeyyaM, dIghatapassI vA nigaNTho, tvaM vA" ti| dutiyaM pi kho dIghatapassI...pe... tatiyaM pi kho dIghatapassI nigaNTho nigaNThaM nAtaputtaM etadavoca-'na kho metaM, bhante, ruccati yaM upAli gahapati samaNassa gotamassa vAdaM Aropeyya / samaNo hi, bhante, gotamo mAyAvI AvaTThaniM mAyaM jAnAti atithiyAnaM sAvake AvaTetI" ti| "aThAnaM kho etaM, tapassi , ..."tvaM, vA" ti / "evaM, bhante'' ti kho upAli gahapati nigaNThassa nAtaputtassa paTissutvA uTThAyAsanA nigaNThaM nAtaputaM abhivAdetvA padavikhaNaM katvA yena pAvArikambavanaM yena bhagavA tenupasaGkami ; upasaMkamitvA bhagavantaM abhivAdetvA ekamantaM nisIdi / ekamantaM nisinno kho upAli gahapati bhagavantaM etadavoca-'AgamA nu rivvadha, bhante, dIghatapassI nigaNTho' ti ? "AgamA rivvadha, gahapati, dIghatapassI nigaNTho" ti / "ahu kho pana te, bhante dIghatapassinA nigaNThena saddhi kocideva kathAsallApo" ti| "ahu kho me, pahapati, dIghatapassinA0.""kathAsallApo" ti / "yathA kathaM pana te, bhante, ahu, dIghatapassinA... kathAsallApo" ti / atha kho bhagavA yAvatako ahosi dIghatapassinA nigaNThena saddhi kathAsallApo taM sabbaM upAlissa gahapatissa Arocesi / evaM vutte, upAli gahapati bhagavantaM etadavoca-."sAdhu, sAdhu, bhante tapassI ! yathA... manodaNDo" ti / "sace kho tvaM, gahapati, sacce patidvAya manteyyAsi siyA no ettha kathAsallApo" ti| "sacce ahaM, bhante, patiTThAya mantessAmi; hotu no ettha kathAsallApo" ti| "taM kiM manasi, gahapati, idhassa nigaNTha Abodhiko dukkhito bAlha gilAno sItodakapATakkhitto uNhodakapaTisevI / so sItodakaM alabhamAno kAlakareyya / imassa pana, gahapati, nigaNTho nAtaputto katthupapatti paJaApetI" ti ? atthi, bhante, madosattA nAma devA tattha so upapajjati / "taM kissa hetu' ? asu hi, bhante, manopaTibaddho kAlaGkaroti" ti| __ "manasi karohi, gahapati, manasi karitvA kho, gahapati, byaakrohi| na kho te sandhiyati purimena vA pacchimaM, pacchimena vA purimaM / bhAsitA kho pana te, gahapati, aisA vAcA"sacce ahaM, bhante, patiTThAya mantessAmi, hotu no ettha kathAsallApo" ti| ___"kiJcApi, bhante, bhagavA evamAha, atha kho kAyadaNDo va mahAsAvajjataro pApassa kammassa kiriyAya pApassa kammassa pavattiyA no tathA vacodaNDo, no tathA manodaNDo" ti| ____ 2010_05

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482 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 "taM kiM mAsi, gahapati, idhassa nigaNTha nAtaputto cAtuyAmasaMvarasaMvuto sabbavArivArito sabbatAriyuto sabbavAridhuto sbbvaariphutto| so abhikkamanto paTikkamanto bahu khuddake pANe saGghAtaM ApAdeti / imassa pana, gahapati, nigaNTho nAtaputto kaM vipAkaM paJapeti" ti ? "asaJcetanika, bhante, nigaNTha nAtaputto no mahAsAvajjaM pApetI" ti / "sace pana, gahapati, cetetI" ti ? "mahAsAvajja, bhante, hotI" ti| "cetanaM pana, gahapati nigaNTho nAtaputto kismi paJaApetI" ti ? "manodaNDasmi, bhante" ti / "manasi karohi, gahapati,........ kathAsallApo" ti / "kiJcApi. bhante,.......manodaNDo" ti / "taM ki masi , gahapati, ayaM nAlandA iddhA ceva phItA ca bahujanA AkiNNamanussA " ti ? "evaM bhante, ayaM nAlandA iddhA ceva phItA ca bahujanA AkiNNamanussA" ti| "taM ki maJjasi, gahapati, idha puriso Agaccheyya ukkhittaasiko| so evaM vadeyya'ahaM yAvatikA imissA nAlandAya pANA te ekena khaNena ekena muhuttena eka maMsakhavalaM eka maMsapujaM karissamI' ti| taM kiM maJa si, gahapati pahosi nu kho so puriso yAvatikA imissA nAlandAya pANA te ekena khaNena ekena muhuttena eka maMsakhalaM eka maMsapujaM kAtuM" ti ? 'dasa pi, bhante, purisA, vIsaM pi, bhante, purisA, tisaM pi' bhante, purisA, cattArIsaM pi, bhante, purisA, paJjAsaM pi, bhante, purisA, nappahonti yAvatikA imissA nAlandAya pANA te ekena khaNena ekena muhuttena eka maMsakhalaM eka maMsapujaM kAtuM / kiM hi somati eko chavo puriso" ti ? "taM ki maJa si, gahapati, idha Agaccheyya samaNo vA brAhmaNo vA iddhimA cetovsipptto| so evaM vadeyya- 'ahaM imaM nAlandaM ekena manoSadesena bhasmaM karissAmI' ti / taM ki masi, gahapati, pahoti nu kho so samaNo vA brAhmaNo vA iddhimA cetovesippatto imaM nAlandaM ekena manIpadosena bhasma kAtuM" ti ? "dasa pi, bhante, nAlandA, vIsaM pi nAlandA, tisaM pi nAlandA,, cattArIsaM pi nAlandA, pAsaM pi nAlandA pahoti so samaNo vA brAhmaNo vA iddhimA cetovasippatto ekena manopadosena bhasma kAtuM / kiM hi sobhati ekAchavA nAlandA" ti| "manasi karohi, gahapati,... kathAsallApo'' ti| "kiJcApi, bhante,... manodaNDo' ti / "taM ki maJa si. gahapati, sutaM te daNDakAranaM kAliGgaraDaM mejjhArakhaM mAtaGgaraJja arajhaM arazaMbhUtaM' ti ? "evaM, bhante, sudaM me daNDakAranaM... araJjabhUtaM" ti| "taM ki masi , gahapati, kinti te sutaM kena taM daNDakAranaM... araaMbhUtaM" ti ? "sutaM metaM, bhante, isInaM manopadosena taM daNDakArakhaM... araJabhUtaM" ti| "manasi karohi, gahapati,... kathAsallApo" ti / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 483 "purimenevAha, bhante, opammena bhagavato attamano abhirddho| api cAhaM imAni bhagavato vicitrAni pahapaTimAnAni sotukAmo evAhaM bhagavantaM paccanIkaM kAtabbaM amaDissaM / abhikkantaM, bhante, abhikkantaM, mante ! seyyathApi, bhante, nikkujjitaM vA ukkujjeyya, paTicchannaM vA vivareyya, mUlhassa vA maggaM Acikkheyya, andhakAre yA telapaljotaM dhAreyyacalamunto rUpAni dakkhantI ti evamevaM bhagavatA anekapariyAyena dhammo pkaasitoN| esAhaM bhante, bhagavantaM saraNaM gacchAmi dhamma cabhikkhusaGgha c| upAsakaM maM bhagavA dhAretu ajjatagge pANupetaM saraNaM gata" ti / __"anuviccakAraM kho, gahapati, karohi, anuviccakAro tumhAdisAnaM jAtamanussAnaM sAdhu hoti" ti| " iminApAhaM, bhante, bhagavato bhiyyoso mattAya attamano amiraddho yaM maM bhagavA evamAha-'anuviccakAraM kho, gahapati, karohi, anuvicca kAro tumhAdisAnaM jAtamanussAnaM sAdhu hoti' ti| maM hi, bhante, ana titthiyA sAvakaM labhitvA kevalakappaM nAlandaM paTAkaM parihareyyu -'upAli amhAkaM gahapati sAvakattaM upagato' ti / atha ca pana meM bhagavA evamAha-'anuviccakAraM kho,..."hotI' ti| esAha, bhante, dutiyaM pi bhagavantaM saraNaM gacchAmi dhammaM ca bhikkhusaGgha ca / upAsakaM maM bhagavA dhAretu aJjatagge pANupetaM saraNaM gataM" ti / "dIgharattaM kho te, gahapati, nigaNThAnaM opAnabhUtaM kulaM yena nesaM upagatAnaM piNDakaM dAtabbaM maJayyAssI" ti / "iminApAhaM, bhante0,.. esAha, bhante, tatiyaM pi..."saraNaM gataM' ti| atha kho bhagavA upAlissa gahapatissa anupubbi kathaM kathesi, seyyathIda-dAnakathaM sIlakathaM saggakathaM kAmAnaM AdInavaM okAraM saGkilesaM, nekkhamme AnisaMsaM pakAsesi / yadA bhagavA aJaAsi upAli gahapati kallacitaM mudracittaM vinIvaraNacittaM. udaggacittaM. pasannacittaM. atha yA buddhAnaM sAmukkaMsikA dhammadesanA taM pakAsesi--dukkhaM, samudayaM, nirodhaM, maggaM / seyyathApi nAma suddhaM vatthaM apagatakAlakaM sammadeva rajanaM paTiggaNheyya evameva, upAlissa gahapatissa tasmi eva Asane virajaM vItamalaM dhammacakkhaM udapAdi-yaM kiJci samudayadhamma sabbaM taM nirodhadhamma' ti / atha kho upAli gahapati didudhammo pattadhammo viditadhammo pariyogAlhadhammo tiNNavicikiccho vigatakathaRtho vesArajjappatto aparappaccayo satthusAsane bhagavantaM etadavoca- "handa ca dAni mayaM, bhante, gacchAma, bahukiccA mayaM bahukaraNIyA" ti| "yassadAni tvaM, gahapati, kAlaM majasI" ti / atha kho upAli gahapati bhagavato bhAsitaM abhinanditvA anumoditvA uTThAyAsanA bhagavantaM abhivAdetvA padakkhiNaM katvA yena sakaM nivesanaM tenupasaGkami; upasaGkamitvA dovArika Amantesi-"ajjatagge, samma, dovArika, AvarAmi dvAraM nigaNThAnaM nigaNThInaM, anAvaTaM dvAraM bhagavato bhikkhUna bhikkhUnInaM upAsakAnaM upAsikAnaM / sace koci nigaNTho Agacchati tamenaM tvaM evaM vadeyyAsi-'tiTTha, bhante, mA pAvisi / ajjatagge upAli gahapati samaNassa gotamassa sAvakattaM upgto| AvaTaM dvAraM nigaNThAnaM nigaNThInaM, anAvaTaM dvAraM bhagavato bhikkhUnaM bhikkhUnInaM upAsakAnaM upAsikAnaM / sace te, bhante, piNDakena attho, ettheva tiThTha, etyeva te AharissantI", ti / ____ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 "evaM, bhante" ti kho dovAriko upAlissa gahapatissa paccassosi / assosi kho dIghatapassI nigaNTho- "upAli kira gahapati samaNassa gotamassa sAvakattaM upagato" ti / atha kho dIghatapassI nigaNTho yena nigaSTho nAtaputto tenupasaGkami ; upasaGkamitvA nigaNThaM nAtaputtaM etadavoca - sutaM metaM, bhante, upAli kira gahapati samaNassa gotamassa sAvakattaM upagato" ti / 484 "aTThAnaM kho evaM tapassi, anavakAso yaM upAli gahapati samaNassa gotamassusAvakattaM upagaccheyya / ThAnaM ca kho etaM vijjati yaM samaNo gotamo upAlisa gahapatissa sAvakattaM upagaccheyyA" ti / dutiyaM pi kho dIghatapassI nigaNTho nigaNThaM nAtaputtaM etadavoca --- suttaM metaM, bhante, ti / pe0 tatIyaM pi kho dIghatapassI nigaNTho upAlisa gahapatissa sAvaRttaM upagaccheyyA .. "handAhaM, bhante, gacchAmi yAva jAnAmi yadi vA upAli gahapati samaNassa gotamassa sAvakattaM upagato yadi vA no" ti / " gaccha tvaM, tapassi, jAnAhi yadi vA0 no" ti / rr at dIghatapassI nigaNTho yena upAssi gahapatissa nivesanaM tenupasaGkami / asA kho dovAriko dIghatapassi nigaNThaM dUrato va AgacchantaM / disvAna dIghatapassi nigaNThaM etadavoca - "ti, bhante mA pAvisi / ajjatagge upAli0 AhArissantI" ti / "na me Avuso, piNDakena attho" ti vatvA tato paTinivattitvA yena nigaNTho nAtaputto tenupasaGkami ; upasaGkamitvA nigaNThaM nAtaputtaM etadavoca - "saccaM eva kho, bhante, yaM upAli gahapati samaNassa gotamassa sAvakattaM upgto| etaM kho te ahaM, bhante, nAlatthaM na kho me, bhante ruccati yaM upAli gahapati samaNassa gotamassa vAdaM Aropeyya / samaNo hi, bhante, gotamo mAyAvI AvaTTani mAyaM jAnAti yAya aJJatitthiyAnaM sAvake AvaTTetIti / AvaTTo khote, bhante, upAli gahapati samaNena gotamena AvaTTaniyA mAyAyA" ti / "aTTAnaM kho etaM, tapassi0, upagaccheyyA ti / handa cAhaM, tapassi, gacchAmi yAva cAhaM sAmaM yeva jAnAmi yadi vA upAli gahapati samaNasya gotamassa sAvakattaM upagato yadi vA noti / atha kho nigaNTho nAtaputto mahatiyA nigaNThaparisAya saddhi yena upAlisa gahapatissa nivesanaM tenupamaGkami / asA kho dovAriko nigaNThaM nAtaputtaM dUrato va AgacchantaM / disvAna nigaNThaM nAtaputtaM etadavoca-- "tiTTa, bhante, mA pAvisi / ajjatagge upAli0... AharissantI" ti / " tena hi samma dovArika yena upAli gahapati tenupasaGkama; upasaGkamitvA upAli gahapati evaM vadehi -- nigaNTho, bhante, nAtaputto mahatiyA nigaNThaparisAya saddhi bahidvArakoTThake Thito; so te dassanakAmo", ti / 2010_05 "evaM, bhante" ti kho dovAriko nigaNThassa nAtaputtassa paTissutvA yena upAli gahapati tenupasaGkami; upasaGkamitvA upAli gahapati etadavoca - "nigaNTho, bhanteM, nAtaputtI 0 "dassanakAmo" ti / tena hi samma dovArika, majjhimAya dvArasAlAya AsanAni paJJApehI" ti /

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mala pAli 485 - "evaM, bhante" ti kho dovAriko upAlissa gahapatissa paTissutvA majjhimAya dvArasAlAya AsanAni paJApetvA yena upAli gahapati tenupasaGkami ; upasaGkamitvA upAli gahapati etadavoca-"paattani kho, bhante, majjhimAya dvArasAlAya AsanAni / yassadAni kAlaM masI" ti| atha kho upAli gahapati yena majjhimA dvArasAlA tenupasaGkami ; upasaGkamitvA yaM tattha AsanaM aggaM ca seTThaca uttamaM ca paNItaM ca tattha sAmaM nisIditvA dovArikaM Amantesi"tena hi, samma dovArika, yena nigaNTho nAtaputto tenupasaGkami ; upasaGkamitvA nigaNThaM nAtaputtaM evaM vadehi-'upAli, bhante, gahapati evamAha-pavisa kira, bhante, sace AkaGkhasI," ti| "evaM, bhante" ti kho dovAriko upAlissa gahapatissa paTissutvA yena nigaNTho nAtaputto... AkalasI" ti / atha kho nigaNTho nAtaputto mahatiyA nigaNThaparisAya saddhi yena majjhimA dvArasAlA tenupasaGkami / atha kho upAli gahapati-yaM sudaM pubbe yato passati nigaNThaM nAtaputtaM dUrato va AgacchantaM disvAna tato pUccaggantvA yaM tattha AsanaM aggaM ca seTaThaM ca uttamaM ca paNIta ca taM utsarAsalena sammajjitvA pariggahetvA nisIdApeti so-dAni yaM tattha AsanaM aggaM ca seTheM ca uttamaM ca paNItaM ca tattha sAmaM nisIditvA nigaNThaM nAtaputta etadavoca-"saMvijjati kho, bhante, AsanAni ; sace Akalasi, nisIdA'' ti| evaM vRtte, nigaNTho nAtaputto upAli gahapati etadavoca-"ummattosi tvaM, gahapati dattosi tvaM, gahapati ! 'gacchAmaha, bhante, samaNassa gotamassa vAdaM AropessAmI' ti gantvA mahatAsi vAdasaGghATena paTimukko Agato seytathApi, gahapati, puriso aNDahArako gantvA unmatehi aNDe hi Agaccheyya, seyyathA vA pana gahapati puriso, akkhikahArako gantvA ubmatehi akkhIhi Agaccheyya, evameva kho tvaM, gahapati, 'gacchAmahaM, bhante,... aagto| AvaTTosi kho tvaM, gahapati, samaNena gotamena AvaTTaniyA mAthAyA" ti| "bhaddikA, bhante AvaTTanI mAyA; kalyANi, bhante AvaTTanI mAyA; piyA me, bhante, jAtisAlohitA imAya AvAniyA AvaTaTeyya : piyAnaM pi me assa jAti dIghara hitAya sukhAya: sabbe ce pi bhante khattiyA imAya AvaDaniyA AvaTaTeyyaM sabbesAnaM pissa khattiyAnaM dIgharattaM hitAya sukhAya ; sabbe ce pi bhante brAhmaNA.. pe0 . . 'vessA...0... sahA imAya AvaDaniyA AvaTeyyaM sabbesAnaM pissa sahAnaM dIgharattaM hitAya sukhAya: sadevako ne pi. bhante loko samArako sabrahAko sassamaNabrAhmANI pajA sadevamanassA imAya AvadaniyA AvaTTeyyuM sadevakassa pissa lokassa samArakassa sabrahmakassa sassamaNabrAhmaNiyA pajAya sadevamanussAya dIgharattaM hitAya sukhAyA ti / tena hi, bhante, upamaM te karissAmi / upamAya pidhekacce vijU purisA bhAsi tassa atthaM AjAnanti / bhUtapubba bba, bhante,aJjatarassa brAhmaNassa jiNNassa bUDaDhassa mahallakassa daharA mANavikA pajApatI ahosi gabbhinI upvijnyaa| atha kho, bhante, sA mANavikA taM brAhmaNaM etadavoca"gaccha tvaM, brAhmaNa, ApaNA makkaTacchApakaM kiNitvA Anehi, yo me kumArakassa kIlApanako mavissatI' ti / evaM vutte, bhante, so brAhmaNo taM mANavika etadavoca-'Agamehi tAva, bhoti, yAva vijAyati / sace tvaM, bhoti kumArakaM vijAyissAsi, tassA te ahaM ApaNA makkaTacchApaka kiNitvA AnessAmi, yo te kumArakassa kIlApanako bhavissati / sace pana tvaM, bhoti,.... 2010_05

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466 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa:1 bhavissatI' ti / dutiyaM pi kho, bhante, sA mANavikA...pe... tatiyaM pi kho, bhante, sA mANavikA taM brAhmaNaM etadavoca-'gaccha tvaM, brAhmaNa, ApaNA makkaTacchApaka kiNitvA Anehi, yo me kumArakassa kIlApanako bhavissatI' ti / atha kho, bhante, so brAhmaNo tassA mANavikAya sAratto paTibaddhacitto ApaNA makkaTacchApaka kiNitvA AnetvA taM mANavika etadavoca'ayaM te, bhoti, ApaNA makkaTacchApako kiNitvA AnIto, yo te kumArakassaM kIlApanako bhavissatI' ti / evaM vRtte, bhante, sA mANavikA taM brAhmaNaM etadavoca-"gaccha tvaM, brAhmaNa, ima makkaTacchApakaM AdAya yena rattapANi rajataputto tenupasaGkama ; upasaGkamitvA rattapANi rajataputtaM evaM vadehi-icchAmahaM samma, rattapANi, imaM makkaTacchApakaM pItAvalepanaM nAma raGgajAtaM rajitaM AkoTitapaccAkoTitaM ubhatobhAgavimaTTha' ti| ____ "atha kho, bhante, so brAhmaNo tassA mANavikAya sAratto paTibaddhacitto taM makkaTacchApakaM AdAya yena rattapANi rajakaputto tenupasaGkami ; upasaMkamitvA rattapANi rajakaputtaM etadavoca-"icchAmahaM, rattapANi, imaM0...ubhatobhAgavima' ti| evaM vatte. mante rattapANi rajakaputto taM brAhmaNaM etadavoca-'ayaM kho te, bhante, makkaTacchApako raGgakkhamo hi kho, no AkoTanakkhamo, no vimajjanakkhamo' ti / evameva kho, bhante, bAlAnaM nigaNThAnaM vAdo raGgakkhamo hi kho bAlAnaM no paNDitAnaM, no anuyogakkhamo, no vimjjnkkhmo| atha kho, bhante, so brAhmaNo aparena samayena navaM dussayugaM AdAya yena rattapANi rajakaputto tenupasaMkami ; upasaMkamitvA rattapANi rajakaputtaM etadavoca-'icchAmahaM samma, rattapANi, imaM navaM dusyugaM pItAvalepanaM0 ... umatomAgavimaTTha" ti / evaM vutte, bhante, rattapANi rajakaputto taM brAhmaNaM etadavoca-'idaM kho te, bhante, navaM dussayugaM raGgakkhamaM ceva AkoTanakkhamaM ca vimajjanakkhamaM cA' ti| evameva kho, bhante, tassa bhagavato vAdo arahato sammAsambuddhassa raGgakkhamo ceva paNDitAnaM no bAlAnaM, anuyogakkhamo ca vimajjanakkhamo cA ti| "sarAjikA kho, gahapati, parisA evaM jAnAti-'upAli gahapati nigaNThassa nAtaputtassa sAvako' ti / kassa taM, gahapati, sAvakaM dhAremA" ti ? evaM vRtte upAli gahapati uTThAyAsanA ekasaM uttarAsaGga karitvA yena bhagavA tenaJjali paNAmetvA nigaTThanAtaputtaM etadavoca- "tena hi, bhante, suNohi yassAhaM sAvako ti 'dhIrassa vigatamohassa, pabhinnakhIlassa vijitavijayarasa / anIghassa susamacittassa, buddhamIlassa saadhupnyss| vesamantarassa vimalassa, bhagavato tassa sAvakohamasmi / / .... "kadA sancUlhA pana te, gahapati, ime, samaNassa gotamassa vaNNA" ti ? "seyyathApi, bhante, nAnApupphAnaM mahApuppharAsi, tamenaM dakkho mAlAkAro vA mAlAkArantevAsI vA vicittaM mAlaM gantheyya; evameva kho, bhante so bhagavA anekavaNNo anekasatavaNNo anekasatavaNNo / ko hi, bhante, vaNNArahassa vaNNaM na karissatI" ti ? atha kho nigaNThassa nAtaputtassa bhagavato sakkAraM asahamAnassa tattheva uNhaM lohitaM mukhato uggacchI" ti| 1. suttapiTake, majjhimanikAya pAli, majjhimapaNNAsakaM, upAlisuttaM, 6.1 se 21; pR0 43 se 60 / 2010_05 |

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 487 abhaya rAjakumAra evaM me sutaM / eka samayaM bhagavA rAjagahe viharati veluvane klndknivaape| atha kho abhayo rAjakumAro yena nigaNTho nAtaputto tenupasaGkami, upasaGkamitvA nigaNTha nAtaputta abhivAdetvA ekamantaM nisiidi| ekamantaM nisInnaM kho abhayaM rAjakumAro nigaNTho nAtaputto etadavoca--"ehi tvaM, rAjakumAra, samaNassa gotamassa vAdaM aaropehi| evaM te kalyANo kittisaddo abbhuggacchissatti - 'abhayena rAjakumArena samaNassa gotamassa evaM mahiddhikassa evaM mahAnubhAvassa vAdo Aropito" ti / ___ "yathA kathaM panAha, bhante, samaNasya gotamassa evaM mahiddhikassa evaM mahAnubhAvassa vAdaM AropessAmi" ti? "ehi tvaM, rAjakumAra, yena samaNo gotamo tenupasaGkama; upasaGkamitvA samaNaM gotamaM evaM vadehi 'bhAseyya nu kho, bhante, tathA gato taM vAcaM yA sA vAcA paresaM appiyA apanApA' ti? sace te samaNo gotamo evaM puTTho evaM byAkaroti-'bhAseyya, rAjakumAra, tathAgato taM vAcaM yA sA vAcA paresaM appiyA amanApA' ti, tamenaM tvaM evaM vadeyyAsi--'atha kicarahi te, bhante, puthujjanena nAnAkaraNaM? puthujjano hi taM vAcaM bhAseyya yA sA vAcA paresaappiyA apanApA" ti / sace pana te samaNo gotamo evaM puTTho evaM vyAkaroti'na, rAjakumAra, tathAgato taM vAcaM bhAseyya yA sA vAcA paresaM appiyA apanAmA' ti, tamenaM tvaM evaM badeyyAsi--'atha kiM carahi te, bhante, devadatto byAkato- ApAyiko devadatto, nerayiko devadatto, kappaTTho devadatto, atekiccho devadatto ti ? tAya ca pana ta vAcAya devadatto kupito bahosi anattamano' ti / imaM kho te, rAjakumAra, samaNo gotamo ubhatokakoTikaM panhaM puTTho samAno neva sakkhiti uggilituM na sakkhiti ogilituM / seyyathApi nAma purisassa ayosiMghATakaM kaNThe vilaggaM, so neva sakkuNeyya uggilituM na sakkuNeyya mogilituM; evameva kho te, rAjakumAra, samaNo gotamo imaM ubhatokoTikaM panhaM puTTho samAno neva sakkhiti uggilitaM na sakkhiti ogilituM" ti| "evaM, bhante" ti kho abhayo rAjakumAro nigaNThassa nAtaputtasya paTissutvA uTThAyAsanA nigaNThaM nAtaputtaM abhivAdetvA padakkhiNaM katvA yena bhagavA tenupasaGkami; upasakamitvA bhagavantaM abhivAdetvA ekamantaM nisiidi| ekamantaM nisinnassa kho abhayassa rAjakumArassa suriyaM ulloketvA etadahosi"kAlo kho ajja bhagavato vAdaM aaropetuN| sve dAnAhaM sake nivesane bhagavato vAdaM AropessAmi" ti bhagavantaM etadavoca--"adhivAsetu me, bhante, bhagavA svAtanAya attacatuttho bhattaM" ti adhivAsesi bhagavA tuNhIbhAvena / atha kho abhayo rAjakumAro bhagavato adhivAsanaM viditvA uTThAyAsanA bhagavantaM abhivAdetvA padakkhiNaM katvA pakkAmi / atha kho bhagavA tasyA rattiyA accayena pubbaNhasamayaM nivAsetvA pattacIvaramAdAya yena abhayassa rAjakumArassa nivesanaM tenupasaGkami; upasaGkamitvA panate Asane nisIdi / atha kho abhayo rAjakumAro bhagavantaM paNItena khAdanIyena bhojanIyena sahatthA santappesi sampavAresi / atha kho abhayo 2010_05

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488 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : rAjakumAro bhagavantaM bhuttAviM onItapattapANi anyataraM nIcaM AsanaM gahetvA ekamantaM nisIdi / ekamantaM nisinno kho abhayo rAjakumAra bhagavantaM etadavoca-''bhAseyya nu kho, bhante, tathAgato taM vAcaM yA sA vAcA paresaM appiyA amanApA" ti ? "na khvettha, rAjakumAra, ekaMsenA" ti| ettha, bhante, anassuM nigaNThA" ti| "kiM pana tvaM, rAjakumAra, evaM vadesi-'ettha, bhante, anassu nigaNThA" ti ? "idhAhaM, bhante, yena nigaNTho nAtaputto tenupasaMkami, upasaGkamitvA nigaNThaM nAtaputaM abhivAdetvA ekamantaM nisiidi| ekamantaM nisinnaM kho maM, bhante, nigaNTho nAtaputto etadavoca-"ehi tvaM, rAjakumAra, samaNassa gotamassa vAdaM aaropehi| evaM te kalyANo kittisaho albhaggAcchassati-abhayena rAjakumArena samaNassa gotamassa evaM mahiddhikassa evaM mahAnubhAvassa vAdo Aropito' ti / evaM vutte, ahaM, bhante, nigaNThaM nAta puttaM etadavocaM'yathA kathaM panAhaM. bhante, samaNassa gotamassa evaM mahiddhikassa evaM mahAnubhAvassa vAdaM AropessAmI' ti? ehi tvaM, rAjakamAra, yena samaNo gotamo tenupasaGakama' upasaGakamitvA samaNaM gotamaM evaM vadehi-bhAseyya nu kho, bhante, tathAgato taM vAcaM yA sA vAcA paresaM appiyA amanApA ti ? sace te samaNo gotamo evaM puTTho evaM byAkaroti-- mAseyya, rAjakumAra, tathAgato taM vAcaM yA sA vAcA paresaM appiyA amanApA ti, tamenaM tvaM evaM vadeyyAsi-atha kiM carahi te, bhante, puthujjanena nAnAkaraNaM ? puthujjano pi hi taM vAcaM bhAseyyA yA sA vAcA paresaM appiyA apanAmA ti / sace pana te samaNo gotamo evaM puTTho evaM byAkaroti-na, rAjakumAra, tathAgato taM vAcaM bhAseyya yA sA vAcA paresaM appiyA apanApA ti, tamenaM tvaM evaM vadeyyAsi-atha kiM carahi te, bhante, devadatto byAkato-ApAyiko devadatto, nerayiko devadatto, kappaTTho devadatto, atekiccho devadatto ti ? tAya ca pana te vAcAya devadatto, kupito ahosi anattamano ti| imaM kho te, rAjakumAra, samaNo gotamo ubhatokoTikaM panhaM puTTho samAno neva sakkhiti uggilituM na sakkhiti ogilituM / seyyathApi nAma purisassa ayosiGghATakaM kaNThe vilaggaM, so neva sakkuNeyya ugnilituM na sakkuNeyya ogilituM; evameva kho te, rAjakumAra, samaNo gotamo imaM ubhatokoTikaM panhaM puTThoM samAno neva savikhati uggilituM na sakkhi ti ogilituM" ti| anukampAya appiyaM pi bhAseyya - tena kho pana samayena daharo kumAro mando uttAnaseTako abhayassa rAjakumArassa ake nisinno hoti / atha kho bhagavA abhayaM rAjakumAraM etadavoca-"taM kiM manasi rAjakumAra, sacAyaM kumAro tumhaM vA pamAdamanvAya dhAtiyA vA pamAdamanvAya vA kaLaM vA kaThalaM vA mukhe Ahareyya, kinti naM kareyyAsI' ti ? "AhareyyassAha, bhante / sace, mante, na sakkuNeyyaM Adikeneva Ahatu, vAmena hatthena sIsaM pariggahetvA dakkhiNena hatthena vaGkaguliM karitvA salohitaM pi AhareyyaM / taM kissa hetu ? atthi me, bhante, kumAre anukampA" ti / / "evameva kho, rAjakumAra, yaM tathAgato vAcaM jAnAti abhUtaM atacchaM anatthasaMhitaM sA 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 486 ca pare appiyA amanApA, na taM tathAgato vAcaM bhAsati / yaM pi tathAgato vAcaM jAnAti bhUtaM tacchaM anatthasaMhitaM sA ca paresaM appiyA amanApA, taM pi tathAgato vAcaM na bhAsati / yaM ca kho tathAgato vAcaM jAnAti bhUtaM tacchaM atthasaMhitaM sA ca paresaM appiyA amanApA, tatra kAla tathAgato hoti tassA vAcAya veyyAkaraNAya / yaM tathAgato vAcaM jAnAti abhUtaM atacchaM anatthasaMhitaM sA ca pare piyA manApA, na taM tathAgato vAcaM bhAsati / yaM pi tathAgato vAcaM jAnAti bhUtaM tacchaM anatyasaMhitaM sA ca paresaM piyA manApA taM pi tathAgato vAcaM na bhAsati / yaM ca tathAgato vAcaM jAnAti bhUtaM tacchaM atthasaMhitaM sA ca paresaM piyA manApA, tatra kAlaJnU tathAto hoti tassA vAcAya vaiyyAkaraNAya / taM kissa hetu ? atthi, rAjakumAra, tathAgatassa sattesu anujampA" ti / manu ThAnasovetaM tathAgataM paTibhAti "ye me, bhante, khattiyapaNDitApi brAhmaNapaNDitA pi gahapati paNDitA pi samaNapaNDitA pi paJhaM abhisaGkharitvA tathAgataM upasaGkamitvA pucchanti pubbetra nu kho, bhante, bhagavato cetaso parivitakkitaM hoti 'ye maM upasaGkamitvA evaM pucchissanti tesAhaM evaM puTTho evaM vyAkarissAmI' ti, udAhu ThAnasovetaM tathAgataM paTibhAtI" ti / "tena hi rAjakumAra, tajJevettha paTipucchissAmi, yathA te khameyya tathA naM byAkareyasi / taM kiM maJjasi, rAjakumAra, kusalo tvaM rathassa aGgapaccaGgAnaM" ti ? "evaM, bhante, kusalo ahaM rathassa aGgapaccaGgAnaM" ti / "taM kiM maJJasi, rAjakumAra, ye taM upasaGkamitvA evaM puccheyyuM - 'ki nAmidaM rathassa aGgapaccaGga" ti ? pubbeva nu kho te etaM cetaso parivitakkitaM assa 'ye maM upasaGkamitvA evaM pucchinti te sAhaM evaM puTTho evaM vyAkarissAmI' ti, udAhu ThAnasovetaM paTibhAseyyA " ti ? "ahaM hi bhante, rathiko saJjAto kusalo rathassa aGgapaccaGgAnaM / sabbAni me rathassa aGgapaccaGgAni suviditAni / ThAnasovetaM maM paTibhAseyyA" ti / "evameva kho, rAjakumAra, ye te khattiyapaNDitApi brahmaNapaNDitA pi gahapatipaNDitA pi samaNapaNDitApi paJhaM abhisaGkharitvA tathAgataM upasaGkramitvA pucchanti, ThAnasovetaM tathAtaM paribhAti taM kissa hetu ? sAhi, rAjakumAra, tathAgatassa dhammadhAtu suppaTividdhA yassA dhammadhAtuyA suppaTividvattA ThAnasovetaM tathAgataM paTibhAtI" ti / * evaM vRtte, abhayo rAjakumAro bhagavantaM etadavoca - abhikkantaM, bhante, amikkantaM, bhante...pe....ajjatagge pANupetaM saraNaM gataM ti / ' " pacchime ca bhave dAni giribbajapuruttame / raJohaM bimbisArassa putto nAmena cAbhayo / "pApamittavasaM gantvA, nigaNThena vimohito / pesito puna buddhamupeccahaM // 1. suttapiTake, majjhimanikAya pAli, majjhimapaNNAsakaM, abhayarAjakumAra sutta 2-6-1 se 3, pR0 67 se 71 / 2010_05

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460 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 "pucchitvA nipuNaM puhaM, sutvA vyAkaraNuttamaM / pabbajitvAna naciraM, arahattamapANi // "kittayitvA jinavaraM, kittito homi sabbadA / sugandhadehavavano, Asi mukhsmpito|! "tikkhahAsalahupao, mahApaJo tayevahaM / vicittapaTimAno ca, tassa kammassa vAhasA // "amityavitvA padumUlarAha, pasannacitto asamaM sayambhU / na gacchi kappAni apAyabhUmi, sataM sahassAni valena tassa // "' :4: karma-carcA nigaNThANaM dukkhanijjarAvAdo - evaM me sutN| eka samayaM bhagavA sakke su viharati devadahaM nAma sakyAnaM nigmo| tatra kho bhagavA bhikkhU Amantasi-"bhikkhavo" ti / "bhadante" ti te bhikkhU bhagavato pccssosuN| bhagavA etadavoca-"santi, bhikkhave, eke samaNabrAhmaNo evaMvAdino evaMdiThThino- 'yaM kiJcAyaM purisapuggalo paTisaMvedeti sukhaM vA dukkhaM vA adukkhamasukhaM vA, sabbaM taM pubbekthetu| iti purANAnaM kammAnaM tapasA byantIbhAvA, navAnaM kammAna akaraNA, Ayati anavassavo; Ayati anassavA kammakhayo; kammakkhayA dukkhakkhayo; dukkhakkhayA vedanAkkhayo; vedanAkkhayA sabbaM dukkhaM nijjiNNaM bhavissatI' ti / evaMvAdino, bhikkhave, nigaNThA / evaMvAdaha, bhikkhave, nigaNThe upasaGkamitvA evaM vadAmi--- 'saccaM kira tumhe, Avuso nigaNThA, evaMvAdino patraMdino-yaM kiJcAyaM parasapaggalo paTisaMvedeti sakha vA. dayakha vA adakkhamasakhaM vA. sabbaM taM pabbeka-taheta...pe... vedanAkkhayA sabbaM davakhaM nijjiraNaM bhavissatI' ti? te ca me. bhikkhave, nigaNThA evaM puThThA 'AmA' ti paTijAnanti / tyAhaM evaM vadAmi- kiM pana tumheM, Avaso nigaNThA, jAnAtha-ahuvamhe va mayaM pubbe, na nAhuvamhA' ti ? _ 'no hidaM aavuso'| 'ki pana tumhe, Avuso nigaNThA, jAnAtha-akaramhe va mayaM pubbe pApakamma, na nAkaramhA' ti ? no hidaM aavuso'| ___ kiM pana tumhe, Avuso nigaNThA, jAnAtha-evarUpaM vA ekarUpaM vA pApakamma akaramhA' ti ? 'no hidaM, aavuso'| ki pana tumhe, Avuso nigaNThA, jAnAtha-ettakaM vA dukkhaM nijjiNNaM, ettakaM vA dukkhaM nijjIretabbaM, ettakamhi vA dukkhe nijjiNNe sabbaM dukkhaM nijjiNNaM bhavissatI' ti ? . 1. suttapiTake, khuddaka nikAye therApadAna pAli (2) bhaddiyavaggo, abhayattheraapadAnaM 55-7-216 se 221 ; pR0 155 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 461 'no hidaM, aavuso'| kiM pana tumhe, Avuso nigaNThA, jAnAtha-diTheva dhamme akusalAnaM dhammAnaM pahAnaM kusalAnaM dhammAnaM upasampadaM' ti ? 'no hidaM, aavuso'| 'iti kira tumhe, Avuso nigaNThA, na jAnAtha-ahuvamhe va mayaM pubbe na nAhuvamhA ti,... kusalAnaM dhammAnaM upsmpdN| evaM sante AyasmantAnaM nigaNThAnaM na kallamassa veyyAkaraNAya-yaM kiJcAyaM purisayuggalo paTisaMvedeti sukhaM vA dukkhaM vA adukkhamasukhaM bA, sabbaM taM pubekatahetu / iti purANAnaM kammAnaM tapasA byantIbhAvA, navAnaM kammAnaM akaraNA, Ayati anavassavo, Ayati anavassayA kammakkhayo; kammakkhayA dukkhakkhayo; dukkhakkhayA vedanAkkhayo ; vedanAkkhayA sabbaM dukkhaM nijjiNNaM bhavissatI' ti / / _ 'seyyathApi, Avuso nigaNThA, puriso sallena viddho assa savisena gAlhUpalepanena ; so sallassa pi vedhadahetu dukkhA tibbA kaTukA vedanA vediyeyya / tassa mittAmaccA jAtisAlo hitA bhisakkaM sallakatta upaTThApeyyaM / tassa so bhisakko sallakatto satthena vaNamukhaM parikanteyya; so satthena pi vaNamukhassa parikantanahetu dukkhA tibbA kaTukA vedanA vediyeyya / tassa so bhisakko sallakatto esaniyA sallaM eseyya ; so esaniyA pi sallassa esanAhenu dukkhA tibbA kaTukA vedanA vediyeyya / tassa si bhisakko sallakatto sallaM abbuheyya ; so sallassa pi abbuhanahetu dukkhA tibbA kaTukA bedanA vediyeyya / tassa so bhisakako sallakatto agadaGgAraM vaNamukhe odaheyya ; so agadaGgArassa pi vaNamukhe odahanahetu dukkhA tibbA kaTukA vedanA vediyeyya / so aparena samayena rUlhena vaNena saJchavinA arogo assa sukhI serI sayaMvasI yenkaamnmo| tassa evamassa-ahaM kho pubbe sallena viddho ahosiM savisena gaalhuuplepnen| sohaM sallassa pi vedhanahetu dukkhA tibbA kaTukA vedanA vediyi / 0 ... / somhi etarahi rUlhena vaNena saJchavinA arogo sukhI serI sayaMvasI yenakAmaGgamo ti / evameva kho, Avuso nigaNThA, sace tumhe jAneyyAtha-ahuvamhe va mayaM pubbe na nAhuvamhA ti,...| yasmA ca kho tumhe, Avuso nigaNThA, na jAnAtha-ahuvamhe va mayaM pubbe na nAhuvamhA ti / 0... ___ "evaM vRtta, bhikkhave, te nigaNThA maM etadavocuM--'nigaNTho, Avuso, nATaputto sabbana sabbadassAvI, aparisesaM ANadassanaM paTijAnAti, carato ca me tiTThato ca suttassa ca jAgarassa ca satataM samitaM jANadassanaM paccupaThitaM ti| so evamAha-asthi kho vo Avuso nimaNThA, pubbe va pApakamma kataM, taM imAya kaTukAya dukkarakArikAya nijjIretha, yaM panettha eta rahi kAyena saMvutA vAcAya saMvutA manasA saMvutA taM AtiM pApakammassa akrnnN| iti purANAnaM kammAnaM tapasA byantIbhAvA, navAnaM kammAnaM akaraNA, Ayati anavastavo; Ayati anavassavA kammakhayo ; kammakkhayA dukkhakkhayo; dukkhakkhayA vedanAkkhayo; vedanAkkhayA sabbaM dakkhaM nijjiNNaM bhavissatI ti / taM ca panamhAkaM ruccati ceva khamati ca, tena camhA attamanA' ti / aphalo upakkamo aphalaM padhAnaM "evaM vutte ahaM, bhikkhave te nigaNThe etadavocaM-'paJca kho ime, Avuso nigaNThA, 2010_05

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462 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 dhammA diTheva dhamme dvidhaavipaakaa| katame paJca ? saddhA, ruci, anussavo, AkAraparivitakko, diTThinijjhAnakkhanti- ime kho, Avaso nigaNThA, paJca dhammA didvaiva dhamme dvidhaavipaakaa| tatrAyasmantAnaM nigaNThAnaM kA atItaMse satthari saddhA kA ruci ko anussavo ko AkAraparivitakko kA diTThinijjhAnakkhantI' ti / evaMvAdI kho ahaM, bhikkhave, nigaNThesu na kaJci sahadhammikaM vAdapaTihAraM smnupssaami|| __"pUna ca parAha, bhikkhave, te nigaNThe evaM vadAmi-taM ki maJatha, Avaso nigaNyA, yasmi vo samaye tibbo upakkamo hoti tibbaM padhAnaM tibba tasmi samaye opakkamikA dukkhA tibbA kaTukA vedanA vediyetha; yasmi pana vo samaye na tibbA upakkamo hoti na tibbaM padhAnaM, na tibbA tasmi samaye opakkamikA dukkhA tibbA kaTukA vedanA vediyethA' ti ? ___'yasmi no Avuso gotama, samaye tibbo upakkamo hoti tibbaM padhAnaM, tibbA tasmi samaye opakkamikA dukkhA tibbA kaTukA vedanA vediyAma ; yasmi pana no samaye na tibbo upakkamo hoti na tibbaM padhAnaM, na tibbA tasmi samaye opakkamikA dukkhA tibbA kaTukA vedanA vediyAmA' ti / 'iti kira, Avuso nigaNThA, yasmi vo samaye tibbo upakka mo..... vedanA vediyetha / evaM sante AyasmantAnaM nigaNThAnaM na kallamassa veyyAkaraNAya-yaM kiJcAyaM purisapuggalI paTisaMvedeti sukhaM vA dukkhaM vA adukkhamasukhaM vA, sabbaM taM pubbekatahetu pe0.. vedanAkkhayA sabbaM dukkhaM nijjiNaM bhavissatI ti / sace, Avuso nigaNThA, yasmi vo samaye tibbo upakkamo.... ...bhavissatI ti / yasmA ca kho, Avuso nigaNThA, yasmi vo samaye tabbo upakkamo0...... vedanA vedayabhAnA avijjA aANA sammohA vipaccetha-yaM kiJcAyaM purisapuggalo paTisaMbedeti sukhaM vA dukkhaM vA adukkhamasukhaM vA sabbaM taM pubbekatahetu pe0. vedanAvakhayA sabbaM dukkhaM nijjiNNaM bhavissatI' ti / evaMvAdI pi kho aha, bhikkhave, nigaNThesu na kaJci sahadhammikaM vAdapaTihAraM smnupssaami| "puna ca parAhaM, bhikkhave, te nigaNThe evaM vadAmi- 'taM kiM macathAvuso nigaNThA, yamidaM kammaM diThThadhammavedanIyaM taM upakkamena vA padhAnena vA samparAyavedanIyaM hotu ti labbhametaM' ti ? 'no hidaM, aavuso'| 'yaM pani kamma samparAya vedanIyaM taM upakkamena vA padhAnena vA diTThadhammavedanIyaM hota ti labbhametaM' ti ? 'no hidaM, aavuso'| 'taM kiM maathAvuso nigaNThA, yamidaM kammaM sukhavedanIyaM taM upakkamena vA padhAnena vA dukkhavedanIyaM hotU ti labbhametaM' ti ? 'no hidaM, aavuso'| 'yaM pani kammaM dukkhavedanIyaM taM upakkamena vA padhAnena vA sukhavedanIyaM hotU ti labmametaM' ti ? 'no hidaM, aavuso'| 'taM ki maJathAvuso nigaNThA, yamidaM kammaM paripakkavedanIyaM taM upakkamena vA paghAnena vA aparipakkavedanIyaM hotU ti labbhametaM' ti / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 463 'no hidaM, aavuso'| 'yaM pani kammaM aparipakkavedanIyaM taM upakkamena vA padhAnena vA paripakkavedanIyaM hota ti labbhametaM' ti ? 'no hidaM, aavuso'| 'taM ki maJcathAvuso nigaNThA, yamidaM kamma bahuvedanIyaM taM upakkamena vA padhAnena vA appavedanIyaM hotU ti labbhameta' ti ? 'no hidaM, aavuso'| 'yaM pani kammaM appavedanIyaM taM upakkamena vA padhAnena vA bahuvedanIyaM hotU ti labbhametaM' ti ? 'no hidaM, aavuso'| 'taM ki maJayAvaso nigaNThA, yamidaM kammaM savedanIyaM taM upakkamena vA paghAnena vA avedanIyaM hotU ti labbhametaM' ti| 'no hidaM, Avuso' / 'yaM panidaM kammaM avedanIyaM taM upakkamena vA padhAnena vA savedanIyaM hotU ti labbhametaM' ti ? 'no hidaM, aavuso'| 'iti kira, Avuso nigaNThA, yamidaM kammaM didhammavedanIyaM taM upakkamena vA padhAnena vA samparAyavedanIyaM hotU ti alabbhametaM, yaM panidaM0 ... ... evaM sante AyasmantAnaM nigaNThAnaM aphalo upakkamo hoti, aphalaM padhAnaM' / "evaMvAdI, bhikkhave, nigaNThA / evaMvAdInaM, bhikkhave, nigaNThAnaM dasa sahadhammikA vAdAnuvAdA gArayhaM ThAnaM Agacchanti / "sace, bhikkhave, sattA pubbekatahetu sukha dukkhaM paTisaMvedenti ; addhA, bhikkhave, nigaNThA pubbe dukkaTakammakArino yaM etarahi evarUpA dukkhA tibbA kaTukA vedanA vediynti| sace, bhikkhave, sattA issaranimmAnahetu sukhadukkhaM paTisaMvedenti ; addhA, bhikkhave, nigaNThA pApakena issarena nimmitA yaM etarahi evarUpA dukkhA tibbA kaTukA vedanA vediyanti / sace, bhikkhave, sattA saGgatibhAvahetu sukhadukkhaM paTisaMvedenti ; addhA, bhikkhave, nigaNThA pApasaGgatikA yaM etarahi evarUpA dukkhA tibbA kaTukA vedanA vediyanti / sace, mikkhave, sattA abhijAtihetu sukhadukkhaM paTisaMvedenti ; addhA, bhikkhave, nigaNThA pApAbhijAtikA yaM etarahi evarUpA dukkhA tibbA kaTukA vedanA vediyanti / sace, bhikkhave, sattA didhammUpakkamahetu sukhadukkhaM paTisaMvedenti ; addhA, bhikkhave, nigaNThA evarUpA diTThadhammUpakkamA yaM etarahi evarUpA hukkhA tibbA kaTakA vedanA vediyanti / "sace, bhikkhave, sattA pubbekatahetu sukhadukkhaM paTisaMvedenti, gAravhA nigaNThA ; no ce sattA pubbekatahetu sukhadukkhaM paTisaMvedenti, gAravhA nignntthaa| sace, bhikkhave, sattA issaranimmAnahetu... "evaMvAdI, bhikkhave, nignntthaa| evaMvAdani bhikkhave, nigaNThAnaM ime dasa sahadhammikA vAdAnuvAdA gArayhaM ThAnaM Agacchanti / evaM kho, bhikkhave, aphalo upakkamo hoti, aphalaM pdhaanN| 2010_05

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464 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 saphalo upakkamo saphalaM padhAnaM "kathaM ca, bhikkhave, saphalo upakkamo hoti, saphalaM padhAna ? igha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na heva anaddhabhUtaM attAnaM dukkhena addhabhAveti, dhammikaM ca sukhaM na pariccajati, tasmi ca sukhe anadhi chato hoti| so evaM pajAnAti-imassa kho me dukkhanaM nidAnassa saGkhAraM padahato saGkArappadhAnA virAgo hoti, immassa pana me dukkhanidAnassa ajjhapekkhato upekkhaM bhAvayato virAgo hotI' ti / .... . "seyyathApi, bhikkhave, puriso itthiyA sAratto paTibaddhacitto tibbacchando tibbaapekkho| so taM itthi passeyya aJjana purisena saddhi santiTThanti sallapanti sajagghanti saMhasanti / taM ki maJatha, bhikkhave, api nu tassa purisassa amuM itthi disvA aJjana purisena saddhi santiTThanti sallapanti sajagdhanti saMhasanti uppajjeyyuM sokaparidevadukkhadomanassUpAyAsA" ti ? "evaM bhnte"| "taM kissa hetu" ? "amu hi, bhante, puriso amussA itthiyA sAratto0 ... / "atha kho, bhikkhave, tassa purisassa evamassa--- 'ahaM kho amussA itthiyA sAratto.... yannUnAhaM yo me amussA itthiyA chandarAgo taM pajaheyyaM' ti / so yo amussA itthiyA chandarAgo taM pajaheyya / so taM itthi passeyya aparena samayena aona purisena saddhi sA taTTanti sallapanti sajagghanti / taM kiM matha, bhikkhave, api nu tassa purisassa amuM isthi disvA anena .. 'saMhasanti uppajjeyyuM sokaparidevadukkhadomanassUpAyAsA" ti ? 'no hetaM, bhnte"| "taM kissa hetu" ? "ama hi.bhante parisoamassA itthiyA viitraago| tasmAtaM itthi disvaa0...| "evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na heva adaddhabhUtaM attAnaM dukkhena addha bhAveti / ... "puna ca para, mikkhave, bhikkhu iti paTisaJcikkhati-'yathAsukhaM kho me viharato asalA dhammA abhivaDDhanti, kusalA dhammA parihAyanti ; dukkhAya pana meM attAnaM akusalA dhammA parihAyanti, kusalA dhammA abhivaDDhanti / yannUnAhaM dukkhAya attAnaM padaheyyaM" ti / so dukkhAya attAnaM padahati / tassa dukkhAya attAnaM padahato akusalA dhammA parihAyanti kusalA dhammA abhivddddhnti| so na aparena samayena dukkhAya attAnaM padahati / taM kissa hetu ? yassa hi so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu atthAya dukkhAya attAnaM padaheyya svAssa attho aminipphanno hoti / tasmA na aparena samayena dukkhAya attAnaM padahati / seyyathApi, bhikkhave, usukAro tejana dvIsu alAtesu AtApeti paritApeti uju karoti kmmniyN| yato kho, bhikkhave, usukArassa tejana dvIsu alAtesu AtApitaM hoti...'na so taM aparena samayena usukAro tejanaM dvIsu alAtesu AtApeti...'taM kissa hetu ? yassa hi so, bhikkhave, atthAya usukAro tejanaM dvIsu alAtesu AtApeyya... svAssa attho abhinipphanno hoti / tasmA na aparena samayena usukArote janaM dvIsu alAtesu AtApeti....evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu iti paTisaJcikhati-'yathAsukhaM kho me viharato akusalA dhammA abhivaDDhanti... svAssa attho ____ 201005

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 465 abhinipphanno hoti / tasmA na aparena samayena dukkhAya attAnaM pdhti| evaM pi, bhikkhave, saphalo upakkamo hoti, saphalaM padhAnaM / 0 ... __ "sace, bhikkhave, sattA pubbekatahetu sukhadukkhaM paTisaMvedeti ; addhA, bhikkhave, tathAgato pubbe sukatamammakArI yaM etarahi evarUpA anAsavA sukhA vedanA vedeti| sace, bhikkhave, sattA issaranimmAnahetu sukhadukkhaM paTisaMvedenti ; addhA, bhikkhave, tathAgato bhadda kena issarena nimmito yaM etarahi evarUpA anAsavA sukhA vedanA vedeti / sace, bhikkhave, sattA saGgatibhAvahetu sukhadukkhaM paTisaMvedeti ; addhA, bhikkhave, tathAgato kalyANasaGgatiko yaM evarUpA anAsadA sukhA vedanA vedeti / sace bhikkhave, sattA abhijAtihetu sukhadukkhaM paTisaMvedenti ; addhA, bhikkhave, tathAgato kalyANabhijAtiko yaM etarahi evarUpA anAsavA sukhA vedanA vedeti / sace, bhikkhave, sattA didhammUpakkamahetu mukhadukkhaM paTisaMvedenti; addhA, bhikkhave, tathAgato kalyANadidhammUpakkamo yaM etarahi evarUpA anAsavA sukhA vedanA vedeti| "sace, bhikkhave, sattA pubbekatahetu sukhadukkhaM paTisaMvedenti, pAsaMso tathAgato; no ce sattA pubbekatahetu sukhadukkhaM paTisaMvedenti, pAsaMso tthaagto| sace, bhikkhave, sattA issaranimmAnahetu sukhadukkhaM paTisaMvedenti, pAsaMso tathAgato ; no ce sattA issaranimmAnahetu sukhadukkhaM paTisaMvedenti, pAsaMso tthaagto| sace, bhikkhave, sattA saGgatibhAvahetu sukhadukkhaM paTisaMvedenti, pAsaMso tathAgato; no ce sattA saGkatibhAvahetu sukhadukkhaM paTisaMvedenti, pAsaMso tthaagto| sace, nikkhave, sattA abhijAtihetu sukhadukkhaM paTisaMvedenti, pAsaMso tathAgato; no ce sattA abhijAtihetu sukhadukkhaM paTisaMvedenti, pAsaMso tthaagte| sace, bhikkhave, sattA diTThadhammUpakkamahetu sukhadukkhaM paTisaMvedenti, pAsaMso tathAgato; no ce sattA didhammUpakkamahetu sukhadukkhaM paTisaMvedenti, pAsaMso tthaagto| evaMvAdI, bhikkhave, tthaagtaa| evaMvAdInaM; bhikkhave, tathAgatAnaM ime dasa sahadhammikA pAsaMsaTThAnA mAgacchantI' ti / idamavoca bhgvaa| attamanA te bhikkhU bhagavato bhAsitaM abhinan, ti / ' :5: nirgranthoM kA tapa appassAvA kAmA bahudukkhA evaM me sutaM / eka samayaM bhagabA sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmi nigrodhaaraame| atha kho mahAnAmo sakko yena bhagavA tenupasaGkami ; upasaGkamitvA bhagavantaM abhivAdetvA ekamantaM nisIdi / .... 1. suttapiTake, majjhimanikAya pAli, uparipaNNAsaka, devadaha suttaM, 3-1-1 se 4, pR0 1 se 20 / ___ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa :1 -- "ekamidAhaM, mahAnAma, samayaM rAjagahe viharAmi gijjhakUTe pbbte| tena lo pana samayena sambahulA nigAThA isigilipasse kAlasilAyaM ubbhaTThakA honti AsanapaTikkhittA, opakkamikA dakkhA ticA kharA kaTakA vedanA vedayanti / atha ruvAha, mahA samayaM paTisallAnA vuTTito yena isigilipasse kAlasilA yena te nigaNThA tenupasaGkami ; upasamitvA te nigaNThe etadavocaM-'kinna tamhe, Avaso, nigaNThA ubbhaTaThakA AsanapaTikvittA, opakkamikA dukkhA tibbA kharAkaTakA vedanA vedayathA' ti? evaM vatte. mahAnAma te nigaNThA meM etadavocuM-nigaNTho, Avuso, nAtaputto sabbaJjU sabbadassAbI aparisaisaM ANadassanaM paTi jAnAti-carato ca me tiTThato ca suttassa ca jAgarassa ca satataM samitaM bANadassanaM paccupaTTitaM ti / so evamAha-asthi kho vo, nigaNThA, pubbe pApakamma kataM, taM imAya kaTukAya dukkarakArikAya nijjIretha ; yaM panettha etarahi kAyena saMvutAM vAcAya saMvuptA manasA saMvutA taM Ayati pApassa kammassa akaraNaM ; iti purANAnaM kammAnaM tapasA nyantibhAvA, navAnaM kammAnaM akaraNA, Ayarti anavassavo, Ayati anavassavA kammakkhayo, kammakkhayA dukkhakkhayo, dukkhakkhayo vedanAkkhayo, vedanAkkhayA sabbaM dukkhaM nijjaNNaM bhavissatI ti / taM ca panamhAkaM ruccati ceva khamati ca, camhaM attamanA' ti / "evaM vutte, ahaM, mahAnAma, te nigaNThe etadavocaM-kiM pana tumhe, Avuso nigaNThA, jAnAtha-bahuvamhe va mayaM pu'be na nAhuvamhA' ti ? 'no hida, aavuso'| 'kiM pana tumhe, Avuso nigaNThA, jAnAtha-akaramhe va mayaM pubbe pApakamma na nAkaramhA' ti ? 'no hidaM, aavso'| 'kiM pana tumhe, Avaso nigaNThA, jAnAtha-evarUpaM vA evarUpaM vA pApa kamma akaramhA' ti? 'no hida, aavuso'| 'kiM pana tumhe, Avuso nigaNThA, jAnAtha-ettakaM vA dukkhaM nijjaNaM, ettakaM vA dukkhaM nijjIretabba, ettakamhi vA dukkhe nijjiNe sabbaM dukkhaM nijjiNaM bhavissatI' ti ? 'no hidaM, aavuso'| kiM pana tumhe, Avuso nigaNThA, jAnAtha-- 'dahrava dhamme akusalAnaM dhammAnaM pahAnaM, kusalAnaM dhammAnaM upasampadaM' ti ? 'no hidaM aavuso'| "iti kira tumhe, Avuso nigaNThA, na jAnAtha-ahuvamhe va mayaM pubbe na nAhu vamhA ti, na jAnAtha-akaramhe va mayaM pubbe pApakamma na nAkaramhA ti, na jAnAtha-evarUpaM vA evarUpaM vA pApakamma akaramhA ti, na jAnAtha_ettakaM vA dakkhaM nijjiNNaM. ettakaM vA dakkhaM nijjiretabbaM etakamhi vA dukkhe nijjiNNe sabbaM dukkhaM nijjiNaM bhavissatI ti, na jAnAthadiTheva dhamme akusalAnaM dhammAnaM pahAnaM, kusalAnaM dhammAnaM upasampadaM / evaM sante, Avuso nigaNThA, ye loke luddA lohitapANino kurUrakammantA manussesu paccAjAtA te nigaNThesu panbajantI' ti| 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] tripiTakoM meM nigaSTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 'na kho, Avuso gotama, sukhena sukhaM adhigantabbaM, dukkhana kho sukhaM adhigantabbaM ; sukhena cAvuso gotama, sukhaM adhigantabbaM abhavissa, rAjA mAgadho seniyo bimbisAro sukhaM adhigaccheyya, rAjA mAgadho seniyo bimbisAro sukhavihAritaro AyasmatA gotamenA' ti / 'addhA mante hi nigaNThehi sahasA appaTisaGkhA vAcA mAsitA - na kho, Avuso gotama, sukhena sukhaM adhigantabbaM, duvakhena kho sukhaM adhigantabbaM ; sukhena cAvuso gotama, sukhaM adhigantabbaM abhavissa, rAjA mAgadhoM seniyo bimbisAro sukhaM adhigaccheyya, rAjA mAgadho seniyo bimbisAro sukhavihAritaro AyasmatA gotamenAti / adi ca ahameva tattha paTipucchita bbo ko nu kho AyasmantAnaM sukhavihAritaro rAjA vA mAgadho seniyo bimbisAro AyasmA vA gotamo' ti ? 'addhAvaso gotamo, amhehi sahasA appaTisaGkhA vAcA bhAsitA na kho, Avuso gotama, sukhena sukhaM adhigantabbaM, duvakhena kho sukhaM adhigantabbaM ; sukhena cAvaso gotama, sukha adhigantabbaM, abhavissa, rAjA mAgadho seniyo bimbisAro sukhaM adhigaccheyya, rAjA mAgadho seniyo bimbisAro sukhaviha ritaro AyasmatA gotamenA ti / api ca tiTThatetaM, idAni pi mayaM AyasmantaM gotamaM pucchAya - ko nu kho AyasmantAnaM sukhavihAritaro rAjA vA mAgadho seniyo bimbisAro AyasmA vA gotamo' ti ? 'tena hAvuso nigaNThA, tumhe va tathya paTipucchissAmI, yathA vo khameyya tathA naM vyAkareyyAtha / taM kiM maJJathAvuso nigaNThA, pahoti rAjA mAgadho seniyo bimbisAro, aniJjamAno kAyena, abhAsamAno vAcaM, satta rattindivAni ekantasukhaM paTisaMvedI viharituM' ti ? 467 'no hidaM, Avuso' / 'taM ki maJJathAvuso nigaNThA, pahoti rAjA mAgadho seniyo bimbisAro, aniJjamAno kAyena, abhAsamAno vAcaM, cha rattindivAni pe0paJca rattindivAni cattAri rattindivAni... tINi rattindivAni dve rattindivAni ekaM rattindivaM ekantasukhaM paTisaMvedI viharituM' ti ? 'no hidaM, Avuso' / ti / .. 'ahaM kho, Avuso nigaNThA, pahomi aniJjamAno kAyena, abhAsamAno vAcaM, ekaM rattindivaM ekantasukhaM paTisaMvedI viharituM / ahaM kho, Avuso nigaNThA, pahomi aniJjamAno kAyena, abhAsamAno vAcaM, dve rattindivAnitINi rattindivAni cattAri rattindivAni... paJca rattindivAni cha rattindivAni satta rattindivAni ekantasukhaM paTisaMvedI viharituM / taM kiM maJJathAvuso nigaNThA, evaM sante ko sukhavihAritaro rAjA vA mAgadho seniyo bimbisAro ahaM vA' ti ? ' evaM sante AyasmA va gotamo sukhavihAritaro rajJA mAgadhena seniyena bimbisArenA' idamavoca bhagavA | attamano mahAnAmo sakko bhagavato bhAsitaM abhinandI ti ? 1 1. suttapiTake, majjhimanikAya pAli, mUlapaNNAsakaM, cUladukkhakkhandhasuttaM 14-2, 2 pR0 126-131 / 2010_05

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418 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 asibandhakaputra grAmaNI eka samayaM bhagavA nAlandAyaM viharati pAvArivambavane / atha so asibandhaka putto gAmaNi nigaNThasAvako yena bhagavA tenupasaGkami ; u{saGkamitvA ekamanta nisIdi / ekamantaM nitinnaM kho asibandhakaputtaM gAmaNi bhagavA etadavoca-"kathaM nu kho, gAmaNi, nigATho nATaputo sAvakAnaM dhamma desetI" ti ? ___"evaM kho, bhante, nigaNTho nATaputto sAvakAnaM dhamma deseti--'yo koci pANaM atipAteti sabbo so ApAyiko ne rayiko, yo koci adinnaM Adiyati sabbo so ApAyiko nerayiko, yo koci kAmesu micchA carati sabbo so ApAyako nerayiko, yo koci musA bhaNati sabbo so ApAyiko neryiko| yaMbahulaM-yaMbahulaM viharati tena tena nIyati' ti / evaM kho, bhante, nigaNTho nATaputto sAvakAnaM dhamma desetI" ti / "yaMbahulaM yaMbahulaM ca, gAmaNi, viharati tena tena nIyati', evaM sante na koci ApAyako nerayiko bhavissati, yathA nigaNThassa nATaputtassa vacanaM / "taM kiM masi, gAmaNi, yo so puriso pANAtipAtI rattiyA vA divasassa vA samayAsamayaM upAdAya, katamo bahutaro samayo yaM vA so pANamatipAteti yaM vA so pANaM nAtipAteti" ti ? 'yo so, bhante, puriso pANAtipAtI rattiyA vA divasassa vA samayAsamayaM upAdAya, appataro so samayo yaM so pANamatipAteti, atha kho sveva bahuta ro samayo yaM so pANaM nAtipAtetI" ti / __ "yaMbahulaM yaMbahulaM ca, gaamnni,0...| yo so puriso adinnAdAyI rattiyA vA divasassa vA samayAsamayaM upaadaay,....| "yaMbahulaM yaMbahulaM ca,... gAmaNi,-yo so puriso kAmesumicchAcArI rattiyA vA divasassa vA samayAsamayaM upaadaay,....| "yaMbahulaM yaMbahulaM ca, gAmaNi,... yo so puriso musAvAdo rattiyA vA divasassa vA samayAsamayaM upaadaay,...| "idha, gAmaNi, ekacco satthA evaMvAdI hoti evaMdiTThi-'yo koci pANamatipAteti sabbo so ApAyiko nerayiko, yo koci adinnaM Adiyati sabbo so ApAyiko nerayiko, yo koci kAmesu micchA caritra sabbo so ApAyiko nerayiko, yo koci musA bhaNati sabbo so ApAyiko nerayiko' ti| tasmi kho pana, gAmaNi, satthari sAvako abhippasanno hoti / tassa evaM hoti--'mahaM kho satthA evaMvAdI evaMdiTThi-yo koci pANamatipAteti sabbo so ApAyiko nerayiko ti| atthi kho pana mayA pANo atipAtito ahampamhi ApAyiko nerayiko ti dichi paTila bhti| taM, gAmaNi, vAcaM appahAya taM cittaM appahAya taM diTThi appaTinissajjitvA yathAbhataM nivikhatto evaM nirye| mayhaM kho satthA evaMvAdI evaMdiTThi--- yo koci adinnaM adiyti....| mayhaM kho satthA evaMvAdI evaMdiTThi-yo koci kAmesa 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va niganTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 466 micchA carati sbbo....| mayhaM kho satthA evaMvAdI evaMdiTThi-yo koci musA bhnnti....| "idha pana, gAmaNi, tathAgato loke upapajjati arahaM sammAsambuddho vijjAcaraNasampanno sugato lokavidU anutta ro purisadammasArathi satthA devamanussAnaM buddho bhagavA / so anekapariyAyena pANAtipAtaM garahati vigarahati' 'pANAtipAtA viramathA' ti cAha / adinnAdAna garahati vigarahatI 'adinnAdAnA viramathA' ti cAha / kAmesumicchAcAraM garahati vigarahati 'kAmesumicchAcArA viramathA' ti cAha / musAvAda garahati vigarahati 'musAvAdA viramathA' ti cAha / tasmi kho pana gAmaNi, satthari sAvako abhippasanno hoti / so iti paTisaJcikkhati-'bhagavA kho anekapariyAyena pANAtipAta garahati vigarahati, pANAtipAtA viramathA ti cAha / asthi kho pana mayA pANo atipAtito yAvatako vA tAvatako vA..', taM na suThTha, taM na sAdhu / ahaM ceva kho pana tappaccayA vippaTisArI assaM / na metaM pApaM kama akataM bhavissatI' ti / so iti paTisaGghAya taM ceva pANAtipAtaM pajahati / Ayati ca pANAtipAtA paTivirato hoti / evametassa pApassa kammassa pahAnaM hoti / evametassa pApassa kammassa samatikkamo hoti / bhagavA kho aneka pariyAyena adinnAdAna'...." 'bhagavA kho pana anekapariyAyena kaamesumicchaacaarN....| 'bhagavA kho pana anekapariyAyena musAvAdaM0... / "so pANAtipAtaM pahAya pANAtipAtA paTivirato hoti / adinnAdAnaM pahAya adinnAdAnA paTivirato hoti / kAmesumicchAcAraM pahAya kAmesumicchAcArA paTivirato hoti / musAvAdaM pahAya musAvAdA paTivirato hoti| pisuNaM vAcaM pahAya pisuNAya vAcAya paTi virato hoti / pharusaM vAcaM pahAya pharusAya vAcAya paTivirato hoti / samphappalApaM pahAya samphappalApA paTivirato hoti / abhijjhaM pahAya anabhijjhAlu hoti / vyApAdappadosaM pahAya abyApannacitto hoti / micchAdiTThi pahAya sammAdiThThiko hoti / 'sa kho so, gAmaNi, ariyasAvako evaM vigatAbhijjho vigatavyApAdo asambhUlho sampajAno paTissato mettAsahagatena cetasA ekaM disaM pharitvA viharati, tathA dutiyaM, tathA tatiyaM, tathA catutthaM / iti uddhamadho tiriyaM sabbadhi sabbattatAya sabbAvantaM lokaM mettAsahagatena cetasA vipulena mahaggatena appamANena averena abyApajjena pharitvA viharati / seyyathApi, gAmaNi, balavA saGkhadhamo appakasireneva catuddisA vijJApeyya; evameva kho, gAmANi, evaM bhAvitAya mettAya cetovimuttiyA evaM bahulIkatAya yaM pamANakataM kamma, na taM tatrAvasissati na taM tatrAvatiTThati / . "sa kho so, gAmaNi, ariyasAvako evaM vigatAbhijjho vigatabyApAdo asammalho sampajAno paTissato karuNAsahagatena cetasA...pe... muditAsahagatena cetasA...pe0... upekkhAsahagatena cetasA ekaM disaM pharitvA viharati, tathA dutiyaM, tathA tatiyaM, tathA catutthaM / ... evaM vutte, asi bandhakaputto gAmaNi bhagavantaM etadavoca-"abhikkantaM, bhante, abhi ____ 2010_05 2010_05

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500 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 kintaM, bhante...pe..."upAsakaM meM bhagavA dhAretu ajjatagge pANupetaM saraNaM gataM" ti / ' nAlandA meM dubhikSa eka samayaM bhagavA kosalesu cArikaM caramAno mahatA bhikkhusadhena saddhi yena nAlandA tadavasari / tatra sudaM bhagavA nAlandAya viharati pAvArikambavane / tena kho pana samayena nAlandA dubbhikkhA hoti dvIhiti kA setaTThikA slaakaavuttaa| tena kho pana samayena nigaNTho nATaputto nAlandAyaM paTivasati mahatiyA nigaNThaparisAya saddhi / atha kho asibandhakaputto gAmaNi nigaNThasAvako yena nigaNTho nATaputto tenupasaGkami ; upasaGkamitvA nigaNThaM nATaputtaM abhivAdetvA ekamantaM nisIdi / ekamantaM nisinnaM kho asibandhakaputtaM gAmaNi nigaNTho nAtaputto etadavoca-"ehi tvaM, gAmaNi, samaNassa gotamassa vAdaM aaropehi| evaM te kalyANo kittisaddo abbhuggacchissati- 'asibandhakaputtena gAmaNinA samaNassa gotamassa evaMmahiddhikassa evaMmahAnubhAvassa vAdo Aropito" ti| "kathaM panAha, bhante' samaNassa gotamassa evaMmahiddhikassa evaMmahAnubhAvassa vAdaM Arope. ssAmI" ti? __ "ehi tvaM, gAmaNi, yena samaNo gotamo tenupasaGkama ; upasaGkamitvA samaNaM gotamaM evaM vadehi-'nanu, bhante bhagavA aneka pariyAyena kulAnaM anuddayaM vaNNeti, anurakkhaM vaNNeti, anukampa vaNNetI' ti? sace kho, gAmaNi, samaNo gotamo evaM puTTho evaM vyAkaroti-'evaM gAmaNi, tathAgato anekapariyAyena kulAnaM anuddayaM vaNNeti, anurakkhaM vaNNeti, anukampa vaNNetI' ti, tamenaM tvaM evaM vadeyyAsi-'atha kiJcarahi, bhante, bhagavA dubhikkhe dvIhitike setaDhike salAkAvutte mahatA bhikkhusaGghana na saddhi cArikaM carati ? ucchedAya bhagavA kulAnaM paTipanno, anayAya bhagavA kulAnaM paTipanno, upadhAtAya bhagavA kulAnaM paTipanno' ti ! imaM kho te, gAmaNi, samaNo gotamo ubhatokoTikaM paJhaM puTTho neva sakkhati uggilitaM neva sakkhati ogilitaM" ti| "evaM, bhante" ti kho asibandhaka putto gAmaNi nigaNThassa nATaputtasya paTissutvA uTTAyAsanA nigaNThaM nATaputtaM abhivAdetvA padakkhiNaM katvA yena bhagavA tenupasaGkami; upasaGkamitvA bhagavantaM abhivAdetvA ekamantaM nisIdi ekamantaM nisinno kho asibanvakaputto gAmaNi bhagavantaM etadavoca "nanu, bhante, bhagavA anekapariyAyena kulAnaM anuddayaM vaNNeti, anurakkhaM vaNNeti anukampaM vaNNetI" ti ? | "evaM, gAmaNi, tathAgato anekapariyAyena kulAnaM anuddayaM vaNNeti, anurakkhaM vaNNeti, anukampaM vaNNetI" ti| 1. suttapiTake, saMyuttanikAya pAli, salAyatanavaggo, gAmaNisaMyuttaM saMkhadhamatta, 42-8-8, pR0 281-85 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 501 "atha kiJcarahi, bhante bhagavA dubhikkhe dvIhitike setaTTike salAkAvatte mahatA bhikkhusadhena saddhi cArikaM carati ? ucchedAya bhagavA kulAnaM paTipanno, anayAya bhagavA kulAnaM paTipanno, upaghAtAya magavA kulAnaM paTipanno" ti| 'ito so, gAmaNi, ekanavutikappe yamahaM anussarAmi, nAbhijAnAmi kiJci kulaM pakkabhikkhAnuppadAnamattena upahata pubbaM / atha kho yAni tAni kulAni aDDhAni mahInAni mahAbhogAni pahUtajAtarUparajatAni pahUtavittUpakaraNAni pahUtadhanaghaAni, sabbAni tAni dAnasambhUtAni ceva saccasambhUtAni ca sAmaJjasambhUtAni ca / aTTha kho, gAmaNi. hetU, aTTa paccayA kulAnaM upghaataay| rAjato vA kulAni upaghAtaM gacchanti, corato va kulAni upaghAtaM gacchanti, aggito vA kulAni upaghAtaM gacchanti, udakato vA kulAni upaghAtaM gacchanti, nihitaM vA ThAnA vigacchati, duppayuttA vA kammantA vipajjanti, kule vA kulaGgAro ti uppajjati yo te bhoge vikirati vidhamati viddhaMse ti, aniccatA yeva aTTamI ti / ime kho, gAmaNi, aTTa hetU, aTTha, aTTha paccayA kulAnaM upaghAtAya / imesu kho, gAmaNi, aTThasu hetUsu aTThasu paccayesu saMvijjamAnesu yo maM evaM vadeyya-'ucchedAya bhagavA kulAnaM paTipanno, anayAya bhagavA kulAnaM paTipanno, upaghAtAya bhagavA kulAnaM paTipanno,' ti, taM, gAmaNi, vAcaM, appahAya taM citta appahAya taM diTTi appaTinissajjitvA yathAbhataM nikkhitto evaM niraye" ti / evaM vutte, asibandhakaputto gAmaNi bhagavantaM etadavoca-"abhikkantaM, bhante, abhikkantaM, bhante...pe... upAsaka maM bhagavA dhAretu ajjatagge pANupetaM saraNaM gata" ti / :8: citra gRhapati tena kho pana samayena nigaNTho nAtaputto macchikAsaNDaM anuppatto hoti mahatiyA nigaNThaparisAya saddhi / assosi kho citto gahapati-"nigaNTho kira nAtaputto macchikAsaNDa anuppatto mahatiyA nigaNThaparisAya saddhi" ti| atha kho citto gahapati sambahulehi upAsakehi saddhi yena nigaNTho nAtaputto tenupasaGkami; upasaGkamitvA nigaNThena nATaputtena saddhi smmodi| sammodanIyaM kathaM saraNIyaM vItisAretvA ekamantaM nisIdi / ekamantaM nisinnaM kho cittaM gahapati nigaNTho nATaputto etadavoca-saddahasi tvaM, gahapati, samaNassa gotamassaatthi avitako avicAro samAdhi, atthi vitakkavicArANaM nirodho" ti ? "na khvAhaM, ettha, bhante, bhagavato saddhAya gacchAmi / atthi avitako avicArI samAdhi, atthi vitakkavicArAnaM nirogho" ti| 1. suttapiTake, saMyuttanikAya pAli, salAyatanavaggo, gAmaNisaMyuttaM, kulasutta, 42-6-6, pR0 285-87 / ____ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 evaM vRtte, nigaNTho nATaputto ulloketvA etadavoca - "idaM bhavanto parasantu, yAva ujuko cAyaM citto gahapati, yAva asaTho cAyaM citto gahapati, yAva amAyAvI cAyaM citto gahapati, vAtaM vA so jAlena bAghetabbaM maJJeyya, yo vitakkavicAre niroghetabbaM majJeyya, samuTThinA vA so gaGgAya sotaM AvAretabbaM maJJeyya, yo vitakkavicAre nirodhetabba mayyA "ti / "taM ki masi, bhante, katamaM nu kho paNItataraM ANaM vA saddhA vA" ti ? "saddhAya kho, gahapati, jANaM yena paNItataraM" ti / "ahaM kho, bhante, yAvadeva AkakhAmi, viviccaiva kAmehi vivicca aMkusale hi dhammehi savitakkaM savicAraM vivekajaM pItisukhaM paThamaM bhAnaM upasampajja viharAmi / ahaM kho, bhante, yAvadeva AkakhAmi, vitakkavicArAnaM vUpasamA pe0 dutiya jhAnaM upasampajja viharAmi / ahaM kho, bhante, yAvadeva AkakhAmi, pItiyA na virAgApetatiyaM bhAnaM upasampajja viharAmi / ahaM kho bhante, yAvadeva AkaGkSAmi sukhassa ca pahAnApe0 catutthaM jhAnaM upasampajja viharAmi / na so svAhaM, bhante, evaM jAnanto evaM passanto kassa assa samaNassa vA brAhmaNassa vA saddhAya gamissAmi / atthi avitakko avicAro samAdhi, atthi vitakkavicArAnaM nirodho" ti / 502 evaM vRtte, nigaNTho nATaputto sakaM parisaM apaloketvA etadavoca-- "idaM bhavanto passantu, yAva anujuko cAyaM citto gahapati, yAva saTho cAyaM citto gahapati, yAva mAyAvI cAyaM citto gahapatI" ti / idAneva khote mayaM, bhante, bhAsitaM - evaM AjAjAnAma idaM bhavanto parasantu, yAva ujuko cAyaM citto gahapati, yAva asaTho cAyaM citto gahapati, yAva amAyAvI cAyaM citto gahapatI' ti / idAneva ca pana mayaM, bhante, bhAsitaM - evaM AjAnAma idaM bhavanto parasantu, yAva anujuko cAyaM citto gahapati, yAva saThI cAyaM citto gahapati, yAva mAyAvI cAyaM gahapatI'ti / sace te, bhante, purimaM saccaM, pacchimaM te micchA / sace pana te, bhante, purimaM micchA, pacchimaM te saccaM / ime kho pana, bhante, dasa sahadhammikA paJhA Agacchanti / yadA saM atthaM AjAteyyAsi, atha maM paTihareyyAsi saddhi nigaNThaparisAya / eko paJho eko uddeso ekaM veyyAkaraNaM / dve paJhA dve uddesA dve vaiyyAkaraNAni / tayo paJhA tayo uddesA toNi vaiyyAkaraNAni / cattAro paJhA cattAro uddesA cattAri vaiyyAkaraNAni / paJca paJhA paJca uddesA paJca veyyAkaraNAni / cha paJhA cha uddesA cha vaiyyAkaraNAni / satta paJhA satta uddesA satta vaiyyAkaraNAni / aTTha paJhA bhaTTha uddesA aTTha vaiyyAkaraNAni / nava paJhA nava uddesA nava vaiyyAkaraNAni / dasa paJhA dasa uddesA dasa vaiyyAkaraNAnI" ti / atha kho citto gahapati nigaNThaM nATaputtaM ime dasa sahadhammike paJhe ApucchitvA uTThAyAsanA pakkAmIti / 1. suttapiTake, saMyuttanikAya pAli, salAyatanavaggo, cittasaMyuttaM nigaNTha nATaputtamuttaM, 41-8-8, pR0 265-66 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 503 kutUhalazAlA sutta atha kho vacchagIto paribvAjako yena bhagavA tenupasaGkami ; upasaGa kamitvA bhagavatA saddhi sammodi / sammodanIyaM kathaM sAraNIyaM vItisAretvA ekamantaM nisIdi / ekamantaM nisinno kho vacchagotto paribbAjako bhagavantaM etadavoca "puramAni bho gotama, divasAni purimatarAni sambahulAnaM nAnAtitthiyAnaM samaNabrAhmaNAnaM paribbAjakAnaM kutUhalasAlAyaM sanni sinnAnaM sannipatitAnaM ayamantarAkathA udapAdi.-'ayaM kho paraNo kassapo saGaghI ceva gaNI ca gaNAcariyo ca jAto yasassI titthakaro sAdhasammato bahajanassa / so pisAvakaM abbhatItaM kAlaGakataM upapattIsa byAkaroti'asa amatra upapanno. asU amutra upapanno' ti / yo pissa sAvako uttamapuriso paramapUriso paramapattipatto taM pi sAvakaM abbhatItaM kAlaGkataM upapattosu byAkaroti- 'asu amutra upapanno, asu amutra upapanno' ti| "ayaM pi kho makkhali gosAlo.. pe... ayaM pi kho nigaNTho nATaputto.. ayaM pi kho saJjayo belaThThaputto. ayaM pi kho pakudho kaccAno.. ayaM pi kho ajito kesakambalo saGaghI ceva gaNI c........| "ayaM pi kho samaNo gotamo saGghI ceva gaNI ca gaNAcariyo ca Ato yasassI titthakaro sAdhusammato bahujanassa / so pi sAvakaM abbhatItaM kAlaGkataM upapattIsu byAkaroti'asu amutra upapanno, asu amutra upapannoM' ti / yo pissa sAvako uttamapuriso paramapUriso paramapattipatto taM ca sAvakaM abmatItaM kAlaGkata upapatIsu na byAkaroti--'asa amUtra upapanno, asa amutra upapanno' ti / api ca kho naM evaM byAkaroti-acchecchi taNDa, vivattayi saMyojanaM, sammA mAnAbhisamayA antamakAsi dukkhassA' ti| tassa mayhaM, bho gotama, aha deva kalA ahu vicikicchA-'kathaM nAma samaNassa gotamassa dhammo abhiayyo'"ti ? "alaM hi te, vaccha, kalita, alaM vicikicchituM kakhanIye ca pana te ThAne vicikicchA uppnnaa| saupAdAnassa svAhaM, vaccha, upapatti paJaApemi no anupaadaanss| seyyathApi, vaccha, agni saupAdAno jalati, no anupAdAno; evameva svAhaM, vaccha, saupAdAnassa upapatti paJaApemi, no anupAdAnassA" ti| yasmi, bho gotama, samaye acci vAtena khittA dUraM pi gacchati, imassa pana bhavaM gosamo kiM upAdAnasmi pApetI' ti ? "yasmi kho, vaccha, samaye acci vAtena khittA dUraM pi gacchati, tamahaM vAtUpAdAnaM paApemi / vAto hissa, vaccha, tasmi samaye upAdAnaM hotI" ti / "yasmi ca pana, bho gotama, samaye imaM ca kAyaM nikkhipati satto aJjataraM kAyaM anapapalo hoti imassa pana bhavaM gotamo ki upAdAnasmi pApetI" ti? "yasmi kho. vaccha, samaye imaM ca kAyaM nikkhipati sattoca aJjataraM kAyaM anapapapanno hoti, tamahaM taNhUpAdAnaM vadAmi / taNhA hissa, vaccha, tasmi samaye upAdAnaM hotI" ti|' 1. suttapiTake, saMyutta nikAya pAli, salAyatanavaggo, abyAkatasaMyuttaM, kutUhalasAlAsusaM 44-6-6 : pR0 341-42 / ___ 2010_05

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504 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 10: abhayalicchavI eka samayaM AyasmA Anando vesAliyaM viharati mahAvane kuuttaagaarsaalaayN| atha kho abhayo ca licchavi paNDitakumArako ca licchavi yenAyasmA Anando tenupasaGkamisu ; upasaGkamitvA AyasmantaM AnandaM abhivAdetvA ekamantaM nisIdisu / ekamantaM nisinno kho abhano licchavi AyasmantaM AnandaM etadavoca-"nigaNTho, bhante, nATaputto sabbaJja sabbadassAvI aparisesaM ANadassanaM paTijAnAti- 'carato ca me tiTThato ca suttassa ca jAgarassa ca satataM samitaM jANadassanaM paccupaTTitaM' ti / so purANAnaM kammAnaM tapasA byantImAvaM pApeti navAnaM kammAna akaraNA setughaatN| iti kammakkhayA dukkhakkhayo, dukkhakkhayA, vedanAkkhayo, vedanAkkhayA sabbaM dukkhaM nijjiNNaM bhavissati-evametissA sandiTThikAya nijjarAya visuddhiyA samatikkamo hoti / idha, bhante, bhagavA kimAhA" ti? "tisso kho imA, abhaya, nijjarA visuddhiyo tena bhagavatA jAnatA passatA arahatA sammAsambuddhena sammadakkhAtA sattAnaM visuddhiyA sokaparidevAnaM samatikamAya dukkhadomanassAnaM atthaGgamAya jAyassa adhigamAya nibbAnassa sacchikiriyAya / katamA tisso ? idha, abhaya, bhikkhu sIlavA hoti...pe... samAdAya sikkhati sikkhApadesu / so navaM ca kammaM na karoti, purANaM ca kamma phussa phussa byantIkaroti / sandiTThikA nijjarA akAlikA ehipassikA opaneyyikA paccattaM veditabbA viLUhI' ti| "sa kho so, abhaya, bhikkhu evaM sIlasampanno vivicceva kAmehi...pe...'catutthaM bhAnaM upasampajja vihrti| so navaM ca kammaM na karoti, purANaM ca kammaM phussa phussa byantIkaroti / sandiTThikA nijjarA akAlikA ehipassikA opaneyyikA paccattaM veditabbA vi hI" ti| "sa kho so, abhaya, bhikkhu evaM samAdhisampanno AsavAnaM khayA anAsavaM ghetovimutti pajJAvimutti diTheva dhamme sayaM amiJA sacchikatvA upasampajja viharati / so navaM ca kamma na karoti, purANaM ca kammaM phussa phussa byantIkaroti / sandiTThikA nijjarA akAlikA ehipassikA opaneyyikA paccattaM veditabbA vihI ti / damA kho, abhaya, tisso nijjarA visuddhiyo tena bhagavatA jAnatA passatA arahatA sammAsambuddhena sammadakkhAtA sattAnaM visuddhiyA sokaparidevAnaM samatikkamAya dukkhadomanassAnaM atvaGgamAya jAyassa adhigamAya nibbAnassa sacchikiriyAyA" ti| ___ evaM vutte paNDitakumArako licchavi abhayaM licchavi etadavoca-"kiM pana tvaM, samma abhaya, bhAyasmato Anandassa subhAsitaM subhAsitato nAbbhanumodasI" ti ? "kyAhaM, samma paNDitakumAraka Ayasmato Anandassa subhAsitaM subhAsitato nAbbhanumodissAmi ! muddhA pi tassa vipateyya yo Ayasmato Anandassa subhAsitaM subhAsitato nAbbhanumodeyyA' ti|' 1. suttapiTake, aMguttaranikAya pAli, tikanipAta, Anandavaggo, nigaNThasuttaM, 3-8-4, pR0 205 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 505 : 11H lokasAnta - zrananta 1. atha kho lokAyatikA brAhmaNA yena bhagavA tenupasaGkamisu ; upasaGkamitvA bhagavatA saddhi sammodisu / sammodanIyaM kathaM sAraNIyaM vItisAretvA ekamantaM nisIdisu / ekamantaM nisinnA kho te brAhmaNA bhagavantaM etadavocuM - 2. "pUraNo, bho gotama, kassapo sabbaJnU sabbadassAvI aparisesaM vANadassanaM parijAnAti - 'carato ca me tiTThato ca suttassa ca jAgarassa ca satataM samitaM jANadassanaM paccupaTThitaM" ti / so evamAha - ' ahaM anantena vANena anantaM lokaM jAnaM passaM viharAmI' ti / ayaM pi, bho gotama, nigaNTho nATaputta sabbaJjU sabbadassAvI aparisesaM jANadassanaM paTijAnAti - 'carato ca me tiTThato ca suttassa ca jAgarassa ca satataM samitaM trANadassanaM paccupaTThitaM' ti / so evamAha - ' ahaM anantena vANena anantaM lokaM jAnaM passaM viharAmI' ti / imesaM, bho gotama ubhinnaM ANavAdanaM ubhinnaM aJJamaJyaM vipaccanIkavAdAnaM ko sacca Aha ko musA " ti ? 3. "alaM, brAhmaNA ! tiTThatetaM - 'imesaM ubhinnaM jANavAdAnaM ubhinna aJJama vipaccanIkavAdAnaM ko saccaM Aha ko musA' ti / dhammaM vo, brAhmaNA, desessAmi, taM suNAtha, sAdhukaM manasikarotha; bhAsissAmI" ti / "evaM bho" ti kho te brAhmaNA bhagavato paccassosuM / bhagavA etadavoca'.. ...] : 12H aur - jaina zrAvaka ekaM samayaM bhagavA sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmi nigrodhArAme / atha kho vappo sakko nigaNThasAvako yenAyasmA mahAmoggallAno tenupasaGkami ; upasaGkamitvA AyasmantaM mahAmoggallAnaM abhivAdetvA ekamantaM nisIdi / ekamantaM nisinnaM kho vappaM sakkaM nigaNThasAvakaM AyasmA mahAmoggallAno etadavoca-- "ighassa, vappa, kAyena saMvRto vAcAya saMvato manasA saMvRto avijjAvirAgA vijjuppAdA | passasi no tvaM, vappa, taM ThAnaM yatonidAnaM purisaM dukkhavedaniyA AsavA assaveyuM abhisamparAyaM" ti ? "passAmahaM, bhante, taM ThAnaM / idhassa, bhante, pubbe pApakammaM kataM avipakkavipAkaM / tatonidAnaM purisaM dukkhavedaniyA AsavA assaveyyuM abhisaMparAya" ti / 2010_05 1. suttapiTake, aMguttaranikAya pAli, navaka-nipAto, mahAvaggo, lokAyatikasuttaM, 6-4-7 ; pR0 66-67 /

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa :1 ayaM ceva kho pana Ayasmato mahAmoggallAnassa vappena sakkena nigaNThasAvakena saddhi antarAkathA vippakatA hoti; atha kho bhagavA sAyanhasamayaM paTisallAnA buThThito yena upaTThAnasAlA tenupasaGkami ; upasaGkamitvA paJatte Asane nisodi / nisajja kho bhagavA AyasmantaM mahAmoggallAnaM etadvoca "kAya nuttha, moggallAna, etarahi kathAya sannisinnA ; kA ca pana vo antarAkathA vippakatA" ti ? idhAhaM, bhante, vappaM sakkaM nigaNThasAvakaM etadavocaM- 'idhassa, vappa, kAyena0...... abhisaMparAyaM' ti ? evaM vutte, bhante, vappo sakko nigaNThasAvako maM etadavoca-'passAmahaM, mante0,...... abhisaMparAyaM' ti| atha kho no, bhante, vappena sakkena nigaNThasAvakena saddhi antarAkathA vippakatA ; atha bhagavA anuppatto" ti| atha kho bhagavA vappaM sakkaM nigaNThasAvakaM etadavoca-"sace me tvaM, vappa anujneyyaM caiva anujAneyyAsi, paTikkositabbaM ca paTikkoseyyAsi, yassa ca me bhAsitassa atthaM na jAneyyAsi mamevettha uttari paTipuccheyyAsi-'idaM, bhante, kathaM, imassa ko attho' ti siyA no ettha kathAsallApo" ti / ___anujjeyyaM cevAhaM, bhante,bhagavato anujAnissAmi paTikkositabbaM ca paTikkosissAmi, yassa cAhaM bhagavato bhAsitassa atthaM na jAnissAmi bhagavantaMyevettha uttari paTipucchissAmi'idaM bhante, kathaM, imassa ko attho' ti ? hotu no ettha kathAsallApo" ti / "taM ki maasi, vappa, ye kAyasamArambhapaccayA uppajjanti AsavA vighAtaparilAhA kAyasamArambhA paTiviratassa evaMsa te AsavA bighAtaparilAhA na honti / so navaM ca kammaM na karoti, purANaM ca kammaM phussa phussa byantIkaroti, sandiTTikA nijjarA akAlikA ehipassikA opane yyikA paccattaM veditabbA vijyuuhi| passa si no tvaM, vappa, taM ThAnaM yato-nidAnaM purisaM dukkhavedaniyA AsavA assaveyyuM abhisamparAyaM" ti ? no hetaM bhnte| "taM ki maJjasi, vappa, ye vacIsamArambhapaccayA uppajjanti AsavA........... abhisamparAyaM" ti? "no hetaM, bhnte"| "taM ki maJasi vappa, ye manosamArambhapaccayA uppajjanti AsavA... abhisamparAyaM" ti? "no hetaM, bhnte"| "taM kiM manasi, vappa, ye avijjApaccayA uppajjanti AsavA... abhisamparAyaM" ti? "no hetaM, bhnte"| "evaM sammA vimuttacittassa kho, vappa, bhikkhuno cha satata vihArA adhigatA honti / so cakkhunA rUpaM disvA neva sumano hoti na dummano; upekkhako viharati sato smpjaano| sotena sadaM sutvA.. dhAnena gandhaM ghAyitvA.. pe0.. jivhAya rasaM sAyitvA.. pe0.. kAyena phoTTabbaM phusitvA.. pe0.. manasA dhamma vijJAya neva sumano hoti na dummano ; upekkhako viharati sato sampajAno / so kAyapariyantikaM vedanaM vediyamAno 'kAyapariyantikaM vedanaM ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 507 vediyAmI' ti pajAnAti ; jIvitapariyantikaM vedanaM vediyamAno 'jIvitapariyantika bedanaM vediyAmI, ti pajAnAti, 'kAyassa bhedA uddhaM jIvitapariyAdAnA idheva sabbavedayitmani anabhinanditAni sItI bhavissantI' ti pajAnAti / seyyathApi, vappa, thUNaM paTicca chAyA paJcAyati / atha puriso Agaccheyya kudAlapiTakaM aadaay| so taM mUle chindeyya ; mUle chinditvA palikhaNeyya ; palikhaNitvA mUlAni uddhareyya, antamaso usIranAlimattAni' pi / so taM thUNaM khaNDAkhaNDikaM chindeyya / khaNDAkhaNDika chetvA phAleyya / phAletvA sakalikaM sakalikaM kareyya / sakalikaM sakalikaM katvA vAtAtape visoseyya / vAtatape visosetvA agginA Daheyya / agginA DahetvA masi kareyya / masiM karitvA mahAvAte vA ophuNeyya nadiyA vA sIdhasotAya pvheyy| evaM hissa, vappa, yA thUNaM paTicca chAyA sA ucchinnamUlA tAlAvatthukatA anabhAvaGkatA Ayati anuppaaddhmmaa| "evameva kho, vappa, evaM sammA vimuttacittassa bhikkhuno cha satata vihArA0....... pjaanaati"| evaM vRtte vappo sakko nigaNThasAvako bhagavantaM etadavoca-"seyyathApi, bhante, puriso udayatthiko assapaNiyaM poseyya / so udayaM ceva nAdhigacchaiyya, uttaraM ca kilamathassa vighAtassa bhAgI assa / evameva kho ahaM, bhante, udayasthiko bAle nigaNThe pyirupaasi| svAhaM udayaM ceva nAdhigacchi, uttari ca kilamathassa vighAtassa bhAgI ahosi / esAha, bhante, ajjatagge yo me bAlesu nigaNThesu pasAdo taM mahAvAte vA ophuNAmi nadiyA vA sIdhasotAya pavAhemi / abhikkantaM, bhante....."upAsakaM ma, bhante, bhagavA dhAretu ajjatagge pANupetaM saraNaM gataM" ti| sakula uvAyI satataM samitaM sabba tA evaM me sutaM / eka samayaM bhagavA rAjagahe viharati veluvane kalandakanivApe / tena kho pana samayena sakuludAyI paribbAjako moranivApe paribbAjakArAme paTivasati mahatiyA parivAjakaparisAya saddhi / atha kho bhagavA pubbaNhasamayaM... pacchA pi savanAya / yadAha, bhante, imaM parisaM anupasaGkanto homi athAyaM parisA anekavihitaM tiracchAnakathaM kathentI nisinnA hoti ; yadA ca kho ahaM, bhante, imaM parisaM upasaGkanto homi athAyaM parisA mamova mukhaM ullokentI nisinnA hoti-'yaM no samaNo udAyI dhamma kAsissati taM sossAmA' ti ; yadA pana, bhante bhagavA imaM parisaM upasaGkanto hoti athAhaM ceva ayaM ca 1. suttapiTake, aMguttaranikAya pAli, catukkamipAta, mahAvaggo, vappasuttaM, 4-20-5; pR0 210-213 // 2010_05

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508 parisA bhagavato mukhaM sossAmA " ti / Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 ullokentA nisinnA homa-yaM no bhagavA dhammaM bhAsissati taM nahudAyi, taM evettha paTibhAtu yathA maM paTibhAseyyAsi " / "purimAni, bhante, divasAni purimatarAni sabbaJjU sabbadassAvI aparisesaM vANadassanaM paTijAnamAnI carato ca me tiTTato ca suttassa ca jAgarassa ca satataM samitaM trANadassanaM paccupaTTitaM ti / so mayA pubvantaM Arambha paJhaM puTTho samAno ajJena paricari, bahiddhA kathaM apanA mesi, kopa ca domaM ca appaccayaM ca pAtvAkAsi / tasma mayhaM, bhante, bhagavantAnyeva Arambha sati udapAdi - 'aho nUna bhagavA, aho nUna sugato ! yo imesaM ghammAnaM sukusalI" ti / "ko pana so, udAyi sabbajjU sabbadassAvI 0 ' nigaNTho, bhante, nAtaputto" ti / 0pAtvAkAsI" ti ? pubbantAparantapaJhavissajjane samatyo yo kho, udAyi, anekavihitaM pubbe nivAsaM anusareyya, seyyathIdaM- ekaM pi jAti dve pi jAtiyope0 iti sAkAraM sauddesaM anekavihitaM pubbenivAsa anussareyya, so vA maM pubbataM Arambha panhaM puccheyyaM ; so vA me pubbantaM Arambha paJhassa veyyAkaraNena cittaM ArAdheyya, tassa vAhaM pubbantaM Arambha paJhassa veyyAkaraNena cittaM ArAdheyyaM / "yo kho, udAyi, dibbena cakkhunA visuddhenaM atikkanta mAnusakena satte paraseyya cavamAne upapajjamAne hIne paNIte suvaNNe dubbaNNe, sugate duggate yathA kammUpage satte pajAneyya, so vA maM aparantaM Arabbha0vAhaM aparantaM Arambha me aparantaM ArabbhavAhaM aparantaM Arabbha0 ArAdheyyaM / "api ca, udAyi, tiTThatu pubbanto, tiTThatu aparanto / dhammaM te desessAmi - imasmi sati idaM hoti imassuppAdA idaM uppajjati ; imasmi asati idaM na hoti, imassa nirodhA idaM nirujjhatI" ti / 10...... 2010_05 : 14 : nirvANa - saMvAda (1) nAtaputta kAlaGkate bhinnA nigaSThA evaM me sutaM / ekaM samayaM bhagavA sakkesu viharati sAmagAme / tena kho pana samayena nigaNTho nAtaputto pAvAyaM adhunAkAlaGkRto hoti / tassa kAlaGkiriyAya bhinnA nigaSThA dveSikajAtA bhaNDanajAtA kalahajAtA vivAdApannA | aJJamaJJa mukhasattIhi vitudantA 1. suttapiTake, majjhimanikAya pAli, majjhimapaSNAsaka, cUlasakuludAyisuttaM, 26-1-2; pR0 255-57 /

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 50 viharanti -"na tvaM imaM dhamma vinayaM AjAnAsi, ahaM imaM dhammavinayaM AjAnAmi / kiM tvaM imaM dhammavinayaM AjAnissasi ! micchApaTipanno tvamasi, ahamasmi smmaapttipnno| sahitaM me, asahitaM te / purevacanIyaM pacchA avaca, pacchAvacanIyaM pure avaca / adhiciNNaM te vipraavttN| Aropito te vAdo / niggahitosi, cara vAdappamokkhAya ; nibbeThehi vA sace pahosI" ti / vadho yeva kho majhe nigaNThesu nAttaputtiyesu vattati / ye pi nigaNThassa nAtaputtasrA sAvakA gihI odAtavasanA te pi nigaNThemu nAtaputtigumu nicibannarUpA virattarUpA paTivAnarUpA yathA taM durakkhAte dhammavinaye duppavedite aniyyAnike anupasamasaMvattanike asammAsambuddhappavedite bhinnarUpe appttisrnne| ____atha kho cundo samaNuddeso pAvAyaM vassaM vuttho yena sAmagAmo yenAyasmA Anando tenupasaGkami ; upasaGkamitvA AyasmantaM AnandaM abhivAdetvA ekamantaM nisiidi| ekamantaM nisinno kho cundo samaNuddeso AyasmantaM AnandaM etadavoca---"nigaNTho, bhante, nAtaputto pAvAyaM adhunaakaalngkto| tassa kAlaMGkiriyAya bhinnA nigaNThA dvedhikajAtA...pe0... bhinnathUpe appaTisaraNe" ti / evaM vRtta, AyasmA Anando cundaM samaNuddesaM etadavoca"atthi kho idaM, Avuso cundaM, kathApAbhataM bhagavantaM dassanAya / AyAma, Avuso cunda, yena bhagavA tenupasaGkamissAma ; upasaGkamitvA etamatthaM bhagavato aarocessaamaa|" ti / "evaM, bhante" ti kho cundo samaNuddaso Ayasmato Anandassa paccassosi / ___atha kho AyasmA ca Anando cundo ca samaNuddeso yena bhagavA tenupasaGkarmisu ; upasaGkamitvA bhagavantaM abhivAdetvA ekamantaM nisidisu / ekamantaM nisinno kho AyasmA Anando bhagavantaM etadavoca-"ayaM, bhante cundo samaNuddeso evamAha--'nigaNTho, bhante, nAtaputto pAvAyaM adhunaakaalngkto| tassa kAlaGkiriyAya bhinnA nigaNThA dvaidhikajAtA... pe... bhinnathUpe appaTisaraNe" ti / tassa mayhaM, bhante, evaM hoti--'mAheva bhagavato accayena saGgha vivAdo uppajji; svAssa vivAdo bahujanAhitAya bahujanAsukhAya bahuno janassa anatthAya ahitAya dukkhAya devamanussAna" ti / ' :15: nirvANa-saMvAda (2) nigaNTho nATaputto kAlaGkato evaM me sutaM / eka samayaM bhagavA sakkesu viharatI vedhaJA nAma sakyA tesaM ambavane paasaade| tena kho pana samayena nigaNTho nATaputto pAvAyaM adhunAkAlaGkato hoti / tassa kAlakiriyAyabhinnA nigaNThA dvedhikajAtA bhaNDanajAtA kalahajAtA vivAdApannA ajamalaM mukhasattIhi vitudantA viharanti - "na tvaM ima ghammavinayaM AjAnAsi, ahaM imaM dhammavinayaM AjA 1. suttapiTake, majjhimanikAya pAli, uparipaNNAsaka, sAmAgAmasuttaM 3-4-1; pR0 37-38 / ___JainEducation International 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa : 1 nAmi / ki tvaM ima dhammavinayaM AjAnissasi ? micchApaTipanno tvamasi, ahamasmi smmaapttipnno| sahitaM me, asahitaM te| purevacanIyaM pacchA avaca, pacchAvacanIyaM pure avc| adhiciNNaM te vipraavttN| Aropito te vaado| niggahito tvmsi| cara vAdappamokkhAya / nibbeTehi nA sace pahosI'' ti / vadho eva kho maje nigaNThesu nATaputtiyesu vattati / ye pi nigaNThassa nATaputtassa sAvakA gihI odAtavasanA te pi nigaNThesu nATaputtiyesu nibinnarUpA virattarUpA paTivAnarUpA-yathA taM durakkhAte dhammavinaye duppavedite aniyyAni ke anupasamasaMvattanike asammAsambuddhAppavedite bhinnathupe appaTisa rnne| ___ atha kho cundo samaNuddeso pAvAyaM vassuvuTTho yena sAmagAmo yenAyasmA Anando tenupasaGakami: upasaGakamitvA AyamantaM AnandaM abhivAdevA ekamantaM nisIdi / ekamantaM nisinno kho cando samaNaso AyasmantaM AnandaM etadavoca-"nigaNTho, bhante, nATapatto pAvAyaM adhunaakaalngkto| tassa kAlaGkiriyAya bhinnA nigaNThA dvedhikajAtA.. pe0... bhinnathUpe appaTisaraNe" ti| evaM vutte, AyasmA Anando cundaM samaNuddesaM etadavoca-"atthi kho idaM, Avuso cunda, kathApAbhataM bhagavantaM dassanAya / AyAmAtso cunda yena bhagavA tenupasaGkavissAma; upasaGkamitvA etamatthaM bhagavato ArocessAmA" ti / "evaM, bhante" ti mo cundo samaNudde so Ayasmato Anandassa paccassosi / atha kho AyasmA ca Anando cundo ca samaNuddeso yena bhagavA tenupasakarmisu; upasaGkamitvA bhagavantaM abhivAdetvA ekamantaM nisIdisu / ekamantaM kho nisinno AyasmA Anando bhagavantaM etadavoca-"ayaM, bhante, cundo samaNuddeso evamAha-nigaNTho, bhante, nATaputto pAvAyaM adhunaakaalngkto| tassa kAla kiriyAya bhinnA nigaNThA...pe... bhinnathUpe appaTisaraNe" ti| : 16 nirvANa-carcA sAriputto anujAto dhammiyA kathAya evaM me sutaM / eka samayaM bhagavA mallesu cArikaM caramAno mahatA bhikkhusaGghana saddhi paJcamattehi bhikkhusatehi yena pAvA nAma mallAnaM nagaraM tdvsri| tatra sudaM bhagavA pAvAyaM viharati cundassa kammAraputtassa ambavane / tena kho pana samayena pAveyyakAnaM unbhatakaM nAma navaM santhAgAraM acirakAritaM hoti anajhAvupthaM samaNena vA brAhmaNena vA kenaci vA manussabhUtena / assosuM kho pAveyyakA mallA..."bhagavA kira mallesu cArikaM caramAno mahatA bhikkhusaGghana saddhi paJcamattehi 1. suttapiTake, dIghanikAya pAli, pAthikavaggo sutrA, 3-6-1, pR0 61-62 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 511 bhikkhusate hi pAvaM anuppatto pAvAyaM viharati cundasya kammAraputtassa ambabane" ti / atha kho pAveyyakA mallA yena bhagavA tenupasaGkamiMsu, upasaGkamitvA bhagavantaM abhivAdetvA ekamantaM nisIdisu / ekamantaM nisinnA kho pAveyyakA mallA bhagavantaM etadavoca - " idha, bhante, pAveyyakAnaM mallAnaM ubbhatakaM nAma nataM santhAgAraM acirakAritaM hoti anajbhAvutthaM samaNena vA brAhmaNena vA kenaci vA manussabhUtena / taM ca, kho, bhante, bhagavA paThamaM paribhuJjatu / bhagavatA paThamaM paribhuttaM pacchA pAveyyakA mallA paribhuJjassanti / tadasya pAveyyakAnaM mallAnaM dIgharattaM hitAya sukhAyA" ti / adhivAsesi kho bhagavA tumhIbhAvena / I atha kho pAveyyakA mallA bhagavato adhivAsanaM viditvA uTThAyAsanA bhagavantaM abhivodatvA padakkhiNaM tvA yena santhAgAraM tenupasaGkamiMsu, upasaMkamitvA sabbasanthari santhAgAraM santharitvA bhagavato AsanAni paJJAtvA udakamaNikaM patiTTapetvA telappadIpaM AropetvA yena bhagavA tenupasaGkamiMsu; upasaGkamitvA bhagavantaM abhivAdetvA ekamantaM aTThasu / ekamantaM ThitA kho te pAvekA malayA bhagavantaM etadavocu - "sabbasanyarisanthataM, bhante, santhAgAraM I bhagavato AsanAni paJJattAni, udakamaNiko patiTThApito, telapadIpo Aropito / yassa dAni, bhante, bhagavA kAlaM maJJatI" ti / atha kho bhagavA nivAsetvA pattacIvaramAdAya saddhi bhikkhusaGghena yena santhAgAraM tenupasaGkami ; upasaGkamitvA pAde pakkhAletvA santhAgAraM pavisitvA majjhimaM thambhaM nissAya puratthAbhimukho nisIdi0 / / atha kho bhagavA pAveyyake malle bahudeva rati dhammiyA kathAya sandassetvA samAdapetvA samuttejetvA sampahaMsetvA uyyojesi - "abhikkantA kho, vAseTThA, ratti / yassa dAni tumhe kAlaM maJJathA" ti / "evaM, bhante" ti kho pAveyyakA mallA bhagavato paTastvA uTThApAsanA bhagavantaM abhivAdetvA padakkhiNaM karavA pakkamiMsu / atha kho bhagavA acirapakkante su. pAveyya kesu mallesu tumhIbhUtaM bhikkhusaGgha anuviloketvA AyasmantaM sAriputta' Amantesi - "vigatathinamiddho kho, sAriputta, bhikkhusaGgho / paTibhAtu taM sAriputta, bhikkhunaM dhammI kathA / piTTi me AgilApati / tamahaM AyamissAmI" ti / "evaM, bhante" ti kho AyasmA sAriputto bhagavato paccassosi / atha kho bhagavA catugguNaM saGghATi paJJAtvA dakkhiNena parasena sIhaseyyaM kappesi, pADhe pAdaM accAdhAya, sato sampajAno, uTThAnasaM manasi karitvA / nigaNThA bhinnA bhaNDanajAtA tena kho pana samayena nigaNTho nATaputo pAvAyaM adhunAkAlaGkato hoti / tassa kAlaGkiriyAya bhinnA nigaNThA dvedhikajAtA bhaNDanajAtA kalahajAtA vivAdApannA aJJamaJJa mukhasattIhi vitudantA viharanti - "na tvaM imaM dhammavinayaM AjAnAsi, ahaM imaM dhammavinayaM AjAnAmi / kiM tvaM imaM dhammavinayaM AjAnissasi ! micchApaTipanno tvamasi, ahamasi sammApaTipanno | sahitaM me, asihataM te / purevacanIyaM pacchA avaca, pacchAvacanIyaM pure avaca / adhiciNaM te viparavattaM / Aropito te vAdo / niggahito tvamasi / cara vAdappamokkhAya / nibThehi vA sace pahosi" ti / vadho yeva kho maje nigaNThesu nATaputtiyesu vattati / yepi niNThassa nATaputtassa sAvakA gihI odAtavasanA te pi nigaNThesu nATaputtiyesu nibbinnarUpA 2010_05

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512 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 virattarUpA paTivAnarUpA~yathA taM durakkhAte dhammavinaye duppavedite aniyyAnike anupasamasaMvattanike asammAsambuddhappavedite bhinnathUpe appttisrnne| atha kho AyasmA sAripatto bhikkhU Amantesi-"nigaNTho, Avuso, nATaputto pAvAyaM adhunaakaalngkto| tassa kAla kiriyAya bhinnA nigaNThA dvedhikajAtA-...pe0-...bhinnathape appttisrnne"| tattha sabbeheva saGgAyitabbaM "evamhetaM, Avuso, hoti durakkhAte dhammavinaye duppavedite aniyyAnike anupasamasaMvattanike asmmaasmbuddhppvedite| ayaM kho panAvuso, amhAkaM bhagavatA dhammo svAkkhAto suppavedito niyyAniko upasamasaMvattaniko sammAsambuddhappavedito, tattha sabbeheva saGgAyitabba, na vivaditabbaM, yayiMdaM brahmacariyaM addha niyaM assa ciraTThitika, tadassa bahujana hitAya bahujanasukhAya lokAnukampAya atthAya hitAya sukhAya devamanussAnaM / katamo cAso, amhAkaM bhagavatA dhammo svAkkhAto sappavedito niyyAniko upasamasaMvattaniko sammAnabuddhappavedito. yattha sabbeheva samAyitabbaM, na vivaditabba, yathayidaM brahmacariyaM addhaniyaM assa ciraTThitika, tadassa bahujanahitAya bahujanasukhAya lokAnukampAya hitAya sukhAya devamanussAnaM ? ......" 17: nigaNTha nAtaputta kI mRtyu kA kAraNa nana ayaM nAtaputto nAlandAvAsiko / so kasmA pAvAyAM kAlakato ? ti / so kira upAlinA gAhApatinA paTibiddhasaccena dasahi gAthAhi bhASite buddha guNe sutvA uNhaM lohitaM chaDDe si / atha naM aphAsukaM gahetvA pAvAM agmNsu| so tattha kAlaM akAsi / / 18: divyazakti pradarzana tena kho pana samayena rAjagahakastra se TThissa mahagghassa candanassa candanagaNThi uppannA hoti / atha kho rAjagahakassa seTThissa etadahosi-"yannUnAhaM imAya candanagaNThiyA 1. suttapiTake, dIghanikAya pAli, pAthikavaggo, saMgItisuttaM 3-30-1, 2, 3, pR0 166-168 / 2. majjhimanikAya aTThakathA, sAmagAmasutta vaNNanA (AI0 bI0 hornara dvArA sampA dita), khaNDa 4, pR0 34 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 513 pattaM lekhApeyyaM / lekhaM ca me paribhogaM bhavissati, pattauM ca dAnaM dassAmI" ti / atha kho rAja. gahako seTTi tAya candanagaNThiyA patta likhApetvA sikkAya uDDitvA velagge AlagatvA veluparamparAya bandhitvA evamAha-"yo samaNo vA brAhmaNo vA arahA ceva iddhimA ca dinna va patta oharatU" ti / atha kho pUraNo kassapo yena rAjagahako seTThi tenupasaGkami; upasaGkamitvA rAjagahakaM se ThiTha etadavoca-"ahaM hi, gahapati, arahA ceva iddhimA ca, dehi me pattaM" ti / "sace, bhante, AyasmA arahA ceva iddhimA ca dinna va pattaM oharatU" ti| atha kho makkhali gosAlo.. ajito kesakambalo.. pakudho kaccAyano.. saJjayo velaTThaputto. nigaNTho nAtaputto yena rAjagahako seTThi tenupasaGkami, upasaGkamitvA rAjagahaka seTThi etadavoca-"ahaM hi, gahapati, arahA ceva iddhimA ca, dehi me pattaM" ti| "sace, bhante, AyasmA arahA ceva iddhimA ca, dinna va pattaM oharatU' ti| tena kho pana samayena AyasmA ca mahAmoggallAnI AyasmA ca piNDolamAradvAjo pubbaNhasamayaM nivAsetvA pattacIvaramAdAya rAjagRhaM piNDAya pavisisu / atha kho AyasmA piNDolabhAradvAjo AyasmantaM mahAmoggallAnaM etadavoca- "AyasmA kho mahAmoggallAno arahA ceva iddhimA ca / gacchAvuso, mogallAna, etaM pattaM ohara / tumheso patto" ti / yasmA pi kho piNDolabhAradvAjo arahA ceva iddhimA ca / gacchAvuso, bhAradvAja, etaM pattaM ohara / tuyheso patto" ti / atha kho AyasmA piNDolabhAradvAjo vehAsaM abbhUggantvA taM pattaM gahetvA tikkhattaM rAjagahaM anupariyAyi / tena kho pana samayena rAjagahako seTThi saputtadArI sake nivesane Thito hoti paJjaliko namassamAno-igheva, bhante, ayyo bhAradvAjo amhAkaM nivesane patiTThAtU ti| atha kho AyasmA piNDolabhAradvAjo rAjagahakassa sessi nivesane patiTTAsi / atha kho rAjagahako seThThi Ayasmato piNDolabhAradvAjassa hatthato pattaM gahetvA mahagghassa khAdanIyassa pUretvA Ayasmato piNDolabhAradvAjassa adAsi / atha kho AyasmA piNDolabhAradvAjo taM pattaM gahetvA ArAmaM agamAsi / assosuM kho manussA--ayyena kira piNDolabhAradvAjena rAjagahakassa seTThissa patto ohArito ti / te ca manussA uccAsaddA mahAsaddA AyasmantaM piNDolabhAradvAja piTThito piTThito anubandhisu / assesi kho bhagavA uccAsadaM, mahAsaiM; sutvAna AyasmantaM AnandaM Amantesi-"ki nu kho so, Ananda, uccAsado mahAsadyo" ti ? "AyasmatA, bhante, piNDolabhAradvAlena rAjugahakassa seTThissa patto ohArito / assosa~ kho, bhante, manussA-ayyena kira piNDolabhAradvAjena rAjagahamassa seTThissa patto ohArito ti| te ca, bhante, manussA uccAsaddA mahAsahA AyasmantaM piNDolabhAradvAja piTThito piTTito anubndhaa| so eso, bhante, bhagavA uccAsado mahAsado" ti / atha kho bhagavA etasmi nidAne etasmi pakaraNe bhikkhusaGgha sannipAtApetvA AyasmantaM piNDolamAradvAjaM paTipucchi-"saccaM kira tayA, bhAradvAja, rAjagahakassa sevisa patto ohArito" ti ? "saccaM bhagavA" ti / vigarahi buddho bhagavA"ananucchavikaM, bhAradvAja, ananulomikaM appatirUpaM assAmaNakaM akappiyaM akaraNIyaM / kathaM hi nAma tvaM, bhAradvAja, chavassa dArupatassa kAraNA gihInaM uttarimanussadhamma iddhipATihAriyaM dassessasi / seyyathApi, bhAradvAja, mAtugAmo chavassa mAsakarUpassa kAraNA kopinaM dasseti, evameva kho tayA, bhAradvAja, chavassa dArupattassa kAraNA gihInaM uttarimanussadhamma iddhi ___ 2010_05

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514 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 pATihAriyaM dassitaM / netaM, bhAradvAja, appasannAnaM vA pasAdAya, pasannAnaM vA miyyobhAvAya / atha khvetaM, bhAradvAja, appasannAnaM ceva appasAdAya pasannAna ca ekaccAnaM ajJathattAyA" ti / atha kho bhagavA piNDolabhAradvAjaM anekapariyAyena vigarahitvA, dubbharatAya dupposatAya mahicchatAya asantutiAya saGgaNikAya kosajjassa avaNNaM bhAsitvA anekapariyAyena subharatAya suposatAya appicchassa santuTThassa sallekhassa dhutassa pAsAdikassa apacayassa viriyArambhassa vaNNaM bhAsitvA, bhikkhUnaM tadanucchavikaM tadanulomikaM dhammi kathaM katvA bhinakhU Amantesi "na bhikkhave, gihInaM uttarimanussadhamma iddhipATihAriyaM dassetabbaM / yo dasseyya, Apatti dukkaTassa / bhindathetaM bhikkhave, dArupattaM, sakalikaM sa kalika katvA, bhikkhUnaM aJjanupapisanaM detha / na ca, bhikkhave, dArupatto dhAretabbo / yo dhAreyya, Apatti dukkaTassA" ti| ..."na, bhikkhave, sovaNNamayo patto dhAretabbo...pe... na rUpiyamayo patto dhAretabbo ...na maNimayo patto dhAretabbo...... 'na veluriyamayo patto dhAretabbo...... na phalikamayo patto dhAretabbo..ta kaMsamayo patto dhAretabbo,' "na kAcamayo patto dhAretabbona tipumayo patto dhAretabbo...na sIsamayo patto dhAretabbo..na tambalohamayo patto dhaarebbo| yo ghAreyya, Apatti dukkaTassa / anujAnAmi, bhikkhave, dve patte-ayopattaM, mattikApattaM" ti / ' : 22 zrAmaNya phala aatithiyA evaM me sutaM / eka samayaM bhagavA rAjagahe viharati jIvakassa komArabhaccassa ambavane se mahatA bhikkhusaGghana saddhi aDDhatelase hi bhikkhustehi| tena kho pana samayena rAjA mAgadho ajAtasattu vedehiputto tadahuposathe pannarase komudiyA cAtumAsiniyA puNNAya puNNamAya ratiyA rAjAmaccaparivuto uparipAsAdavaragato nisinno hoti / atha kho rAjA mAgadho ajAtasatu vedehiputto tadahuposathe udAnaM udAnesi -"ramaNIyA vata bho dosinA ratti, abhirUpA vata bho dosinA ratti, dassanIyA vata bho dosinA ratti, pAsAdikA vata bho dosinA ratti. lakkhA vata bho dosinA ratti ! kaM nu khvajja, samaNaM vA brAhmaNaM vA payirupAseyyAma, yaM no payirupAsato cittaM pasIdeyyA" ti ? 1. vinayapiTake, cullavagga pAli, khuddakavatthukkhandhakaM, piNDolabhAradvAjapattaMvatthu, 5-5-10, pR0 199-201 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli evaM vRtte, aJjataro rAjAmacco rAjAnaM mAgadhaM ajAtasattu vedehiputtaM etadavoca"ayaM, deva, pUraNo kassapo saGghI ceva gaNI ca gaNAcariyo ca, jAto, yasassI, titthakaro, sAdhusammato bahujanassa, ratta, cirapabbajito, addhagato, vyoanupptto| taM devo pUraNaM kassapaM payirupAsatu / appeva nAma devassa pUraNaM kassapaM payirupAsato cittaM pasIdeyyA" ti / evaM vutte, rAjA mAgadho ajAtasattu vedehiputto tuNhI ahosi / ____ aJjataro pi kho rAjAmacco rAjAnaM mAgadhaM ajAtasapttuM vedehiputtaM etadavoca-"ayaM, deva, makkhali gosAlo saGghI0... / aJcataro pi kho rAjAmacco rAjAnaM mAgadhaM ajAtasattuM vedehiputtaM etadavoca-"ayaM deva, ajito kesakambalo sngghii0......| aataro pi kho rAjAmacco rAjAnaM mAgadhaM ajAtasattuM vedehiputtaM etadavoca-'ayaM, deva, pakudho kaccAyano sngghii0....| aJjataro pi kho rAjAmacco rAjAnaM mAgadhaM ajAtasatta vedehiputtaM etadavoca - "ayaM, deva, saJjayo belaThThaputto sngghii0.....| aJataro pi kho rAjAmacco rAjAnaM mAgacaM ajAtasattuM vedehi puttaM etadavoca- "ayaM, deva, nigaNTho nATaputto saGghI ceva gaNI ca gaNAcariyo ca, mAto, yasassI, titthakaro, sAdhu sammato vahujanassa, rattajU, cirapabbajito, addhagato vyoanupptto| taM devo nigaNThaM nAtaputtaM payirupAsatu / appeva nAma devassa nigaNThaM nATaputtaM payirupAsato cittaM pasIdeyyA" ti / evaM vutte, rAjA mAgadho ajAtasattu vedehiputto tuNhI ahosi| rAjA jIvakambavane bhagavantaM upasaGkami tena kho pana samayena jIvako komArabhacco raJo mAgadhassa ajAtasattussa vedehiputtassa avidUre tuNhIbhUto nisinno hoti / atha kho rAjA mAgadho ajAtasattu vedehiputto jIvaka komArabhaccaM etadavoca-"tvaM pana, samma jIvaka, kiM tumhI" ti ? "ayaM, deva, bhagavA arahaM sammAsambuddho amhAkaM ambavane viharati mahatA bhikkhUsaGghana saddhi aDDhatelaMsehi bhikkhusatehi / taM kho pana bhagavantaM eva kalyANo kittisaddho abbhuggato'iti pi so bhagavA, arahaM, sammAsambuddho, vijjAcaraNasampanno, sugato, lokavidU, anuttaro, pussidammasArathi, satthA devamanussAnaM, buddho, bhagavA' ti| taM devo bhagavantaM pyiruupaastu| appeva nAma devassa bhagavantaM payirupAsato cittaM pasIdeyyA' ti| "te na hi, samma jIvaka, hathiyAnAni kappApehI ti| "evaM, devA" ti kho jIvako komArabhacco ro mAgadhassa ajAtasattussa vedehiputtassa paTissuNitvA paJcamattAni hatthinikAsatAni kappApetvA ro ca ArohaNIya nAgaM, raJo mAgadhassa ajAtasattussa vedehiputtassa paTivedesi--"kappitAni kho te, deva, hathiyAnAni yassadAni kAlaM masI" ti / ____ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 atha kho rAjA mAgadho ajAtasattu vedehiputto paJcasu hatthinikAsatesu paccekA itthioyo AropetvA, ArohaNIyaM nAgaM abhiruhitvA, ukkAsu dhAriyamAnAsu, rAjagahamhA niyyAsi mahaccA rAjAnubhAvena yena jIvakassa komArabhaccassa ambavanaM tena pAyyAsi | 516 atha kho rajJo mAgadhassa ajAtasattussa vedehiputtassa avidUre ambavanassa ahudeva bhayaM, ahu chammitattaM, ahu lomahaMso / atha kho rAjA mAgadho ajAtasattu vedehiputto bhIto saMviggo lomahaTTajAto jIvakaM komArabhaccaM etadavoca - " kacci maM samma jIvakaM na vaJcesi ? kucci maM, samma jIvaka, na palambhesi ? kacci maM, samma jIvaka, na paccatthikAnaM desi ? kathaM hi nAma tAva mahato bhikkhusaGghassa addhatelasAnaM bhikkhusatAnaM neva khipitasaddo bhavissati na ukkAsitasaddo nigghoso" ti ! "mA bhAyi, mahArAja ; mA bhAyi, mahArAja / na te, deva, vaJceti / na taM deva, palambhAbhi / na taM deva, paccatthikAnaM demi / abhikkama, mahArAja, abhikkama, mahArAja / ete maNDalamAle dIpA jhAyantI" ti / atha kho rAjA magadho ajAtasattu vedehiputto yAvatikA nAmassa bhUmi nAgena gantvA, nAgA paccorohitvA, pattiko va yena maNDalamAlassa dvAraM tenupasaGkami, upasaGkramitvA jIvakaM komArabhaccaM etadavoca - " kahaM pana, samma jIvaka, bhagavA" ti ? "eso, mahArAja, bhagavA ; eso, mahArAja, bhagavA majjhimaM thambhaM nissAya puratyA bhimukha nisinno, purakkhato bhikkhusaGghassA" ti / atha kho rAjA mAgagho ajAtasattu vedehiputto yena bhagavA tenupasaGkami ; upasaGkamitvA ekamantaM aTThAsi / ekamantaM Thito kho rAjA mAgadho ajAtasattu vedehiputto tumhIbhUtaM bhikkhusaGgha anuviloketvA rahadamiva vippasannaM, udAnaM udAnesi - "iminA me upasamena udayabhaddo kumAro samannAgata hotu yenetarahi upasamena bhikkhusaGgho samannAgato" ti / "AgamA kho tvaM, mahArAja, yathApemaM" ti / "piyo me, bhante, udayabhaddo kumAro / iminA me, upasamena udayabhaddo kumAro samannAgato hotu yenetarahi upasamena bhikkhusaGgho samannAgato" ti / atha kho rAjA mAgadho ajAtasattu vedehiputto bhagavantaM abhivAdetvA, bhikkhusaGghassa aJjali paNAmetvA, ekamantaM nisIdi / ekamanta nisinno kho rAjA mAgadho ajAtasattu vedehiputta bhagavantaM etadavoca - "puccheyyA mahaM, bhante, bhagavantaM kiJcideva desaM, sace me bhagavA okAsaM karoti paJhassa veyyAkaraNAyA " ti / "puccha, mahArAja, yadAkaGkhasI" ti / sAmaJjaphalapucchA "yathA nu kho hamAni bhante, puthusippAyatanAni, seyyathidaM - hatthArohA assArohA rathikA dhanuggahA celakA piNDadAyakA uggA rAjaputtA pakkhandino mahAnAgA sUrA cammayodhino dAsikaputtA AlArikA kappakA nhApakA sUdA mAlAkArA rajakA pesakAra, nalakArA kumbhakArA gaNakA muddikA, yAni vA panaJjAni pi evaMgatAni puthusippAyatanAni, te diTTheva dhamme sandiTThakaM sippaphalaM upajIvanti; te tena attAnaM sukhenti pINenti, mAtApitaro sukhenti pINenti, 2010_05

Page #571
517 itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli puttadAraM sukhenti pINe nta, mittAmacce sukhenti pINenti, samaNabrAhmaNesu uddhaggika dakkhiNaM patiTrapenti sovaggika sukhavipAkaM saggasaMvattanikaM / sakkA nu kho, bhante, evameva diTheva dhamme sandiTTikaM sAmaJaphalaM paJapetuM" ti ? cha titthiyavAdA "abhijAnAsi no tvaM, mahArAja, imaM panhaM aJja samaNabrAhmaNe pucchitA" ti ? "abhijAnAmaha, bhante, ima paJja samaNabrAhmaNe pacchitA" ti| "yathA kathaM pana te, mahArAja, byAkariMsu, sace te agaru bhAsassU" ti / "na kho me, bhante, garu' yatthassa bhagavA nisinno, bhagavantarUpovA" ti / "tena hi, mahArAja, bhAsassU" ti| pUraNakassapavAdo "ekamidAha, bhante, samayaM yena pUraNo kassapo tenupasaGkami; upasaGkamitvA pUraNeno kassapena saddhi sammodi / sammodanIyaM kathaM sAraNIyaM vItisAretvA ekamantaM nisIdi / ekamantaM nisinno kho ahaM, bhante, pUraNaM kassapaM etadavocaM-'yathA nu kho imAni, mo kassapa, puthusippaaytnaani,....| "evaM vutte, bhante, pUraNo kassapo meM etadavoca-'karoto kho, mahArAja, kArayato chindato chedApayatI pacato paacaapyto0.......| ___itthaM kho me, bhante, pUraNo kassapo sandiTTikaM sAmaaphalaM puTTho samAno akiriyaM byaakaasi| seyyathApi bhante, ambaM vA puTTho labujaM byAkareyya, labujaM vA puTTho ambaM byAkareyya; evameva kho me, bhante, pUraNo kassapo sandiTTikaM sAmaJaphalaM puTTho samAno akiriyaM byAkAsi / tassa mayhaM, bhante, etadahosi- 'kathaM hi nAma mAdiso samaNaM vA brAhmaNaM vA vijite vasantaM apasAdetabbaM majheyyA' ti : so kho ahaM, bhante, pUraNassa kassapassa bhAsitaM neva abhinandi nappaTikkosi / anabhinanditvA appaTikositvA anattamano, anattamanavAcaM anicchAretvA, tameva vAcaM anuggaNhanto anikujjanto uTThAyAsanA pkkmi|" makkhaligosAlavAdo "ekAmadAha, bhante, samayaM yena makkhali gosaalo.......| ajitakesakambalavAdo "ekamidAhaM, bhante, samayaM yena ajito keskmblo.......| pakuSakaccAyanavAdo "ekamidAha, bhante, samayaM yena pakudho kccaayno0......| ____ 2010_05

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518 [khaNDa : 1 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana nigaNThanATaputtavAdo "ekamidAhaM, mante, samayaM yena nigaNTho nATaputto tenupasaGkami ; upasaGkamitvA nigaNThena nATaputtena saddhi smmodi| sammodanIyaM kathaM sAraNIyaM vItisAretvA ekamantaM nisiidi| ekamantaM nisinno kho ahaM, bhante, nigaNThaM nATaputtaM etadavocaM- 'yathA nu kho imAni, bho aggivessana, pRthusippAyatanAni . pe. 'sakkA nu kho, mo aggivessana, evameva diDhedhamme sandiTTikaM sAmaJaphalaM paJapetuM' ti ? "evaM vutte, bhante, nigaNTho nATaputto maM etadavoca-'idha, mahArAja, nigaNTho cAtuyAmasaMvarasaMvuto hoti / kathaM ca, mahArAja, nigaNThoM cAtuyAmasaMvarasaMvuto hoti ? idha, mahArAja, nigaNTho sabbavArivArito ca hoti, sabbavAriyutto ca, sabbavAridhuto ca, sabbavAriphuTo ca / evaM kho, mahArAja, nigaNTo cAtuyAmasaMvarasaMvuto hoti / yato kho, mahArAja, nigaNTho evaM cAtuyAmasaMvarasaMvato hoti; ayaM vuccati, mahArAja, nigaNTho gatatto ca yatatto ca Thitatto cA' ti| itthaM kho me, bhante, nigaNTho nATaputto sandiTTikaM sAmaJaphalaM puTTo samAno cAtuyAmasaMvaraM byAkAsi / seyyathApi, bhante, ambaM vA puTTho labujaM byAka reyya, labujaM vA puTTho ambaM byAkareyya; evameva kho me, bhante, nigaNTho nATaputto sandiTTikaM samAphalaM puTTho samAno cAtuyAmasaMvaraM byAkAsi / tassa mahaM, mante, etadahosi---'kathaM hi nAma mAdisI samaNaM vA brAhmaNaM vA vijite vasantaM ahasAdetabbaM majeyyA' ti / so kho ahaM, bhante, nigaNThassa nATaputtassa bhAsitaM neva abhinandi nappaTikkosi / anabhinanditvA appaTikkositvA anattamano, anattamanavAcaM anicchAretvA, tameva vAcaM anuggAhanto anikkujjanto, uThAyAsanA pkkmi| saJjayabelaTTaputtavAdo "ekamidAhaM, bhante, samayaM yena saJjayo belaTThaputto. buddhavAdo paThamasandiTThikasAmaJaphalaM "sohaM, bhante, bhagavantaM pi pucchAmi- 'yathA nu kho imAni, bhante, puthusippaaytnaani....| ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 516 ajAtasatta upAsakattapaTivedanA evaM vutte, rAjA mAgadho ajAtasattu vedehiputto bhagavantaM etadavoca-"abhikkantaM, bhante, abhikkantaM, bhante / seyyathApi, bhante, nikkujjitaM vA ukkujjeyya, paTicchannaM vA vivareyya, mUlhassa vA maggaM Acivakheyya, andhakAre vA telapajjotaM dhAreyya cakkhumanto rUpAni dakkhantI ti; evamevaM, bhante, bhagavatA anekapariyAyena dhammo pkaasito| esAhaM, bhante, bhagavantaM saraNaM gacchAmi dhammaM ca bhikkhusaGgha ca / upAsakaM maM bhagavA dhAratu ajjatagge pANupetaM saraNaM gataM / accayo ma, bhante. accagamA yathAbAlaM yathAmUlhaM yathAakusalaM, yohaM pitara dhammika dhammarAjAnaM issariyakAraNA jIvitA voropesi / tassa me, bhante, bhagavA accayaM accayato paTiggaNhAtu Ayati saMvarAyA" ti / "taggha tvaM, mahArAja. accayo accagamA yathAbAlaM yathAmalhaM yathAakUsalaM, yaM tvaM pitaraM ghammikaM dhammarAjAnaM jIvitA voropesi / yatI ca kho tvaM, mahArAja, accayaM accayato disvA yathAdhamma paTikarosi, taM te mayaM paTiggaNhAma / vuddhihesA, mahArAja, ariyassa vinaye yo accayaM accayato disvA yathAdhamma paTikaroti, Ayati saMvaraM ApajjatI' ti| evaM vutta, rAjA mAgadho ajAtasattu vedehiputto bhagavantaM etadavoca-"handa ca dAni mayaM, bhante, gacchAma / bahukiccA mayaM bahukiraNIyA" ti / "yassadAni, tvaM, mahArAja, kAlaM majasI' ti / atha kho rAjA mAgadho ajAtasattu vedehiputtoM bhagavato bhAsitaM abhinanditvA anumoditvA uTThAyAsanA bhagavantaM abhivAdetvA padakkhiNaM katvA pakkAmi / __ atha kho bhagavA acirapakkantasya ro mAgadhassa ajAtasattusya vedehiputtassa bhikkhU Amantesi-.. "khatAyaM, bhikkhave, raajaa| upahatAyaM, bhikkhave, rAjA / sacArya, bhikkhave, rAjA pitaraM dhammikaM dhammarAjAnaM jIvitA na voropessatha, imasmi yeva Asane virajaM vItamalaM dhammacakkhaM uppajjissathA' ti / idamavoca bhgvaa| attamanA te bhikkhU bhagavato bhAsitaM abhinanduti / ' buddha : dharmAcAryoM meM kaniSTha __ evaM me sutaM / eka samayaM bhagavA sAvatthiyaM viharati jetavane anAthapiNDikassa aaraame| atha kho rAjA pasenadi kosalo yena bhagavA tenupasaGkami; upasaGkamitvA bhagavatA saddhi sammodi / sammodanIyaM kathaM sAraNIyaM vItisAretvA ekamantaM nisiidi| ekamantaM nisinno kho rAjA pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaM etadavoca-"bhavaM pi no gotama anattaraM sammAsambodhi abhisambuddho ti paTijAnAtI" ti ? 1. suttapiTake, dIghanikAya pAli, sIlakkhandhavaggo, sAmaJca phalasuttaM, 1-2-1 se 6 / pR041-75| ____ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 yaM hi taM mahArAja, sammA vadamAno vadeyya 'anuttaraM sammAsambodhi abhisambuddhI' ti, mameva taM sammA vadamAno vadeyya ! ahaM hi mahArAja, anuttaraM sammAsambodhi abhisambuddho " ti / 520 "ye pite, bhI gotama, samaNabrAhmaNA saGghino gaNinI gaNAcariyA jAtA yasassino titthakarA sAdhusammatA bahujanassa, seyyathIdaM- pUraNo kasyapo, makkhali gosAlo, nigaNTho nATaputto, saJjayo velaTThaputto, pakudho kaccAyano, ajito kesambalI; te pi mayA 'anutta sammAsambodhi abhisambuddho ti paTijAnAthA' ti puTThA samAnA anuttaraM sammAsambodhi abhisambuddhoti na paTijAnanti; kiM para bhavaM gotamo daharo ceva jAtiyA navo ca pabbajjAyA" ti ? "cattAro kho me, mahArAja, daharA ti na uJAtabbA, daharA ti na paribhotabbA / katame cattAro ? khattiyo kho, mahArAja, daharo ti na ujJAtabbo, daharo tina paribhatabbo / urago kho mahArAja, daharo tina uJjAtabbI, daharo ti na paribhatabbo / agni kho, mahArAja, daharo tina uJJAtabbo / daharoti na paribhotabbo / bhikkhu, kho, mahArAja, daharo tina utabbo, daharoti na paribhotabbo / ime kho, mahArAja, cattaro daharA ti na ujJAtabbA, daharA ti na paribhotabbA" ni / idamavoca bhagavA / idaM vatvAna sugato athAparaM etadavoca satthA - 2010_05 "khattiyaM jAtisampannaM, abhijAtaM yasassinaM / daharo ti nAvajAneyya, na naM paribhave naro // "ThAnaM hi so manujindo, rajjaM laddhAna khattiyo / so kuddho rAjadaNDena tasmi pakkamate bhusaM / tasmA taM parivajeyya, rakkhaM jIvitamattano // "gAme vA yadi vA rajJa, yattha passe bhujaGgamaM / daharo ti nAvajAneyya, na naM paribhave naro // "uccAvacehi vaSNehi, urago carati tejasI / so Asajja DaMse bAla, naraM nAri ca ekadA / tasmA taM parivajjeyya, rakkhaM jIvitamattano 11 "pahUtabhakkhaM jAlinaM, pAvakaM kaNhavarttAni / baharo ti nAvajAneyya, na naM paribhave naro // " laddhA hi so upAdAnaM mahA hutvAna pAvako / so Asajja he bAlaM, naraM nAri ca ekadA / tasmA taM parivajjeya, rakkhaM jIvitamattano //

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itihAsa aura paramparA) tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 521 "vanaM yadaggi Dahati, pAvako knhvttnii| jAyanti tastha pArohA, ahorattAnamalcaye // "yaJca kho sIlasampanno, bhikkhu Dahati tejsaa| na tassa puttA pasavo, dAyAdA vindare dhanaM / anapaccA adAyAdA, tAlAvatthU bhavanti te // "tasmA hi paNDitoposo, sampassaM asthmttno| bhujaGgamaM pAvakaM ca, khattiyaM ca yasassinaM / bhikkhu casIlasampanna, sammadeva samAcare" ti // evaM vRtte, rAjA pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaM etadavoca-"abhikkantaM, bhante, abhikkantaM, bhante ! seyyathApi bhante, nikkujjitaM vA ukkujjeyya paTicchannaM vA vivareyya mUlhassa vA maggaM Acikkheyya andhakAre vA telapajjotaM dhAreyya--cavakhumanto rUpAni dakkhantI ti; evamevaM bhagavatA anekapariyAyena dhammo pkaasito| esAhaM, bhante, bhagavantaM saraNaM gacchAmi dhammaM ca bhivakhusaGgha c| upAsakaM maM, bhante, bhagavA dhAretu ajjatagge pANupetaM saMraNaM gata" ti / :24: sabhiya parivrAjaka evaM me sutaM / eka samayaM bhagavA rAjagahe viharati veluvane kalandaka nivaape| tena kho pana samayena sabhiyassa paribbAjakassa purANasAlohitAya devatAya pahA uhiTThA honti'yo te, sabhiya, samaNo brAhmaNo vA ime paJhe puTTho vyAkaroti tassa santike brahmacariyaM careyyAsI" ti| atha kho samiyo paribbAjako tassA devatAya santike te paJhe uggahetvA ye te samaNabrAhmaNA saGidhano gaNino gaNAcariyA AtA yasassino titthakarA sAdhusammatA bahujanassa, seyyathIdaM-pUraNo kassapo makkhaligosAlo ajito kesakambalo pakudho kaccAno saJjayo belaTThaputto nigaNTho nATaputto, te upasaGkamitvA te paJhe pucchati / te samiyena paribbAjakena paJhepaTThA na sampAyanti; asampAyantA kopaM ca dosaM ca appaccayaM ca pAtukaronti / api ca sabhiyeva paribbAjakaM paTipucchanti / ___ atha kho sabhiyassa paribbAjakassa etadahosi-"ye kho te monto samaNabrAhmaNA saGgino gaNino gaNAcariyA jAtA yasassino titthakarA sAdhusammatA bahujanasya, seyyathIdaM-pUraNo 1. suttapiTake, saMyuttanikAya pAli, sagAthavaggo, kosalasaMyuttaM, daharasutta, 3-1-1 se 4 pR0 67-66 / ____ 2010_05

Page #576
522 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 kassapo...pe... nigaNTho nATaputto, te mayA paJhe puTThA na sampAyanti, asampAyantA kopaM ca dosaM ca appaccayaM ca pAtukaronti; api ca ma vettha pttipucchnti| yannannAhaM hInAyAvattitvA kAme paribhujeyyaM ' ti| ___ atha kho sabhiyassa paribbAjakassa etadahosi--"ayaM pi kho samaNo gotamo saGghI ceva gaNI ca gaNAcariyo ca jAto yasassI titthakaro sAghusammato bahujanassa; yannUnnAha samaNaM gotamaM upasaGkamitvA ime paJhe puccheyyaM' ti / atha kho sabhiyassa paribbAjakasya etadahosi-"ye pi kho te bhonto samaNabrAhmaNA jiNNA vuDDhA mahallakA addhagatA vayoanuppattA therA ratta cirapabbacitA saGghino gaNino gaNAcariyA jAtA yasassinoM titthakarA sAdhusammatA bahujanassa seyyathIdaM--pUraNo kassapo... pe0.. nigaNTho nATaputto, te ni mayA paJhe puTThA na sampAyanti, asampAyantA kopaM ca dosaM ca appaccayaM ca pAtukaronti, api ca ma vettha paTipucchanti ; ki pana me samaNo gotamo ime paJhe puTTho vyAkarissati ! samaNo hi gotamo daharo ceva jAtiyA navo ca pabbajAyA'' ti| atha kho sabhiyassa paribbAjakassa etadahosi- "samaNo kho daharo ti na usAtabbo na paribhotabbo / daharo pi cesa samaNo gotamo mahiddhiko hoti mahAnubhAvo, yannanAhaM samaNaM gotamaM upasaGkamitvA ime panhe puccheyyaM" ti| atha kho sabhiyo paribbAjako yena rAjagahaM tena cArika pakkAmi / anupubbena cArika caramAno yena rAjagahaM veluvanaM kalandakanivApo, yena bhagavA tenupasa kami; upasaGkamitvA bhagavatA saddhi sammAdi / sammodanIyaM kathaM sArANIyaM vItisAretvA ekamantaM nisiidi| eka mantaM nisinno kho sabhiyo paribbAjako bhagavantaM gAthAya ajjhabhAsi "kaGkI vecikicchI mAgama, (iti sabhiyo) panhe pucchituM abhikngghmaano| tesantakaro bhavAhi paJhe me puTTho, anupubbaM anudhammaM byAkarohi meM" // "dUrato Agatosi sabhiya, (iti bhagavA) paJhe pucchituM abhiklmaano| tesantakaro bhavAmi panhe te puTTho, anupubbaM anudhammaM byAkaromi te // "puccha maM sabhiya panhaM, yaM kiJci manasicchasi / tassatasseva paJhassa, ahaM antaM karomi te" ti / / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 523 atha kho sabhiyassa paribbAjakassa etadahosi--"acchariyaM vata, bho, abbhutaM vata bho ! yaM vatAhaM aJjasu samaNabrAhmaNesu, okAsakammamattaM pi nAlatthaM taM me idaM samaNena gotamena okAsakammaM kataM" ti| attamano pamudito udaggo pItisomanassajAto bhagavantaM paJhaM apucchi"ki pattinamAhu bhikkhunaM, (iti sabhiyo)....... 112 atha kho sabhiyo paribbAjako bhagavato bhAsitaM abhinanditvA anumoditvA attamano pamudito udaggo pItisomanassajAto uTTAyAsanA ekasaM uttarAsaGga karitvA yena bhagavA tenaJjaliM paNAmetvA bhagavantaM sammukhA sAruppAhi gAthAhi abhitthavi"yAni ca tINi yAni ca saTTi,.......... 137 atha kho sabhiyo paribbAjako bhagavato pAdesu siramA nipatitvA bhagavantaM etadavoca"abhikkantaM, bhante...pe... esAhaM bhagavantaM saraNaM gacchAmi dhamma ca bhikkhusaGgha ca; labheyyAhaM, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajja, labheyyaM upasampadaM" ti / ___ "yo kho, sabhiya, atitthiyapubbo imasmi dhammavinaye AkaGghati pabbajja AkaGkSati upasampadaM, so cattAro mAse parivasati; catunnaM mAsAnaM accayena AraddhacittA bhikkhU pabbAjenti upasampAdenti bhikkhubhAvAya / api ca mettha puggalamattatA viditA" ti / / "sace, bhante, atisthiya pubbA imasmi dhammavinaye AGkhantA pabbajja AkavantA upasampada cattAro mAse parivasanti, catunnaM mAsAnaM accayena AraddhacittA / pabbAjenti upasampAdenti bhikkhubhAvAya, ahaM cattAri vassAni parivasissAmi; catunnaM vassAnaM accayena AraddhacittA bhikkhU pabbAjentu . upasampAdentu bhivkhubhaavaayaa|" ti| alattha kho sabhiyo paribbAjako bhagavato santike pabbajja alattha upasampadaM' 'pe0 . . abrataro kho panAyasmA sabhiyo arahataM ahosI ti / ' :25 subhadraparivrAjaka tena kho pana samayena subhaddo nAma paribbAjako kusinArAyaM paTivasati / assosi kho *subhaddo paribbAjako - "ajja kira rattiyA pacchime yAme samaNassa gotamassa parinibbAnaM bhavissatI" ti| atha kho subhaddassa paribbAja kassa etadahosi- "sutaM kho pana metaM paribbAjakAnaM buDDhAnaM mahallakAnaM AcariyapAcariyAnaM bhAsamAnAnaM-'kadAci karahaci tathAgatA loke uppajjanti arahanto sammAsambuddhA' ti / ajjeMva rattiyA pacchime yAme samaNassa gotamassa parinibbAnaM bhavissati / atthi ca me ayaM kAdhammo uppanno-'evaM pasanno ahaM samaNe gotme| pahoti me samaNo gotamo tathA dhamma desetuM yathAhaM imaM kAdhamma pajaheyyaM" ti / atha kho 1. suttapiTake, khuddakanikAye, suttanipAta pAli, mahAvaggo, sabhiyasutta, 3-6, pR0 344-53 / 2010_05

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534 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 subhaddo paribbAjako yena upavattanaM mallAnaM sAlavanaM yenAyasmA Anando tenupasaGkami; upasaGkramitvA AyasmantaM AnandaM etadavoca - sutaM metaM 0 | sAdhAhaM bho Ananda, labheyyaM samaNaM gotamaM dssnaayaa|" ti / evaM vutte, AyasmA Anando, subhaddo paribbAjakaM etadavoca"alaM Avuso subhadda, mAM tathAgataM viheThesi / kilantI bhagavA" ti / dutiyaM pi kho subhaddo paribbAjako tatiyaM pi kho subhaddo paribbAjako AyasmantaM AnandaM etadavoca....... / ..pe... assosi kho bhagavA Ayasmato Anandassa subhaddena paribbAjakena saddhi imaM kathAsallApaM / atha kho bhagavA AyasmantaM AnandaM Amantesi - "alaM, Ananda, mA subhaddaM vAresi | labhataM, Ananda, subhaddo tathAgataM dassanAya / yaM kiJci maM subhaddo pucchisati sabbaM taM apekkho va pucchassati, no vihessApekkho / yaM cassAhaM puTTho vyAkarissAmi, taM khippameva na AjAnissatI" ti / atha kho AyasmA Anando subhaddaM paribbAjakaM etadavoca - "gacchAvuso subhadda, karoti te bhagavA okAsaM " ti / atha kho subhaddo paribbAjako yena bhagavA tenupasaGkami ; upasaGkamitvA bhagavatA saddhi-sammodi / sammodanIyaM kathaM sAraNIyaM vItisAretva ekamantaM nisIdi / ekamantaM nisinno kho subhaddo paribbAjako bhagavantaM etadavoca-- "yeme, bho gotama samaNabrAhmaNA saGghino gaNino gaNAcariyA jAtA yasassino tityaMkarA sAdhusammatA bahujanassa, seyyathidaM -- pUraNo kassapo, makkhali gosAlo, ajito kesakambalo, pakudho kaccAyano, saJjayo belaTThaputto, nigaNTho nATaputto sabbete sakAya paTiJJAya abbhaJJisu, sabbeva na abbhaJJisu udAhu ekacce abbhaJJisu ekacce na abbhaJJisu" ti ? "alaM, subhadda, titaM - sabbete sakAya paTiJJAya abmaJJisu, sabbaMva na anbhaJJisu, udAhu ekacce anmaJjisu ekacceta anmaJjasU ti / dhammaM te, subhadda, desessAmi, taM suNAhi, sAdhukaM manasikarohi, bhAsissAmI " ti / " evaM, bhante" ti kho subhaddo paribbAjako bhagavatI paccassosi / bhagavA etadavoca " yasmi kho, subhadda dhammavinaye ariyo aTThaGgiko, maggo na upalabbhati, samaNo pi tattha na upalabbhati / dutiyo pi tattha samaNo na upalabbhati / tatiyo pi tattha samaNo na upalabbhati / catutthopi tattha samaNo na upalabbhati / yasmi ca kho, subhadda, dhammavinaye ariyo aTThaGgiko maggo upalabbhati samaNo pi tattha upalabbhati / dutiyo pi tattha samaNo upalabbhati / tatiyopi tattha samaNo upalabbhati / catutthI pi tattha samaNo upalabmati / imasmi kho, sumadda, dhammavinaye ariyo aTThaGgiko maggo upalabbhati / igheva, subhadda, samaNo, idha dutiyo samaNo, tatiya samaNo / suJA parappavAdA samaNemi ahi / ime ca subhadda, bhikkhU sammA iMdha catutyo samaNo vihareyyuM asuJJo loko arahantehi assA" ti / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 525 ekUnatiso vayasA subhadda, yaM pabaji kiMkusAlAnuesI / bassAni pacAsa samAdhikAni, yato ahaM pabbajito subhadda / Ayassa dhammassa padesavattI, ito bahidvA samaNo pi natthi / / .. evaM vutte, subhaddo paribbAjako bhagavantaM etadavoca-"abhivantaM, bhante, abhikkantaM, bhante ! seyyathApi, bhante, nikkujjitaM vA ukkujjeyya, paTicchannaM vA vivareyya, mUlhassa vA maggaM Acikkheyya, andhakAre vA telapajjotaM dhAreyya, cakkhumanto rUpANi dakkhantI ti; evamevaM bhagavatA anekapariyAyena dhammo pkaasito| esAha, bhante, bhagavantaM saraNaM gacchAmi dhammaM ca bhikkhu saGgha ca / labheyyAhaM, bhante, bhagavatI santike pabbajjaM labheyyaM upasampadaM" ti|... rAjagRha meM sAtoM dharmanAyaka gaNAcariyesu ko sAvakasakkato evaM me sataM / eka samayaM bhagavA rAjagahe viharati veluvane kalandakanivApe / tena kho pana samayena sambahulA abhijJAtA abhiAtA paribbAjakA moranivApe paribbAjakArAme paTivasanti, seyyathIdaM annabhAro varadharo sakuludAyI ca paribbAjako ache ca abhiAtA abhi AtA paribbAjakA / atha kho bhagavA pubbaNhasamayaM nivAsetvA pattacIvaramAdAya rAjagahaM piNDAya pAvisi / atha kho bhagavato etadahosi-''atippago kho tAva rAjagahe piNDAya carituM / yannanAhaM yena moranivApo paribbAjakArAmo yena sakuludAyI paribbAjako tenupa-saGkameyyaM ti atha kho bhagavA yena moranivApo pribbaajkaaraamotenupsngkmi| tena kho pana samayena sakuludAyI paribbAjako mahatiyA paribbAjakaparisAya saddhi nisinno hoti unnAdiniyA uccAsahamahAsa aneka TELAnakathaM kathentiyA seyyathIdaM rAjakathaM... itibhavAbhavakathaM iti vA / ahasA kho sakuludAyI paribbAjako bhagavantaM dUrato va aagcchntN| disvAna sakaM parisaM saNThapesi'appasaddA bhonto hontu; mA bhonto saddamakattha / ayaM samaNo gotamo Agacchati; appasahakAmo kho pana so AyasmA appasahassa vaNNavAdI / appeva nAma appasaI parisaM viditvA upasaGkamitabbaM majheyyA" ti / atha kho te paribbAjakA tuNhI ahesuM / atha kho bhagavA yena sakalU patA vA 1. suttapiTake dIghanikAya pAli, mahAvaggo, mahAparinibbAna sutta, subhaddaparibbAjakavatthu, 3-23-85-88; pR0 115-17 / ___ 2010_05

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526 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 dAyI paribbAjako tenupasaGkami / atha kho sakuludAyI paribbAjako bhagavantaM etadavoca"etu kho, bhante, bhagavA / svAgataM, bhante, bhgvto| cirassaM kho, bhante, bhagavA imaM pari. yAyamakAsi yadidaM idhAgamanAya / nisIdatu, bhante, bhagavA; idamAsanaM paJjattaM" ti / nisIdi bhagavA paJjate Asane / sakuludAyI pi kho paribbAjako aJjataraM nIcaM AsanaM gahetvA ekamantaM nisIdi / eka mantaM kho sakuludAyi paribAjakaM bhagavA aitadavoca "kAyanuttha, udAyi, etarahi kathAya sanni sinnA, kA ca pana vo antarAkathA vippakatA" ti ? "tidvatesA, bhante, kathA yAya mayaM etarahi kathAya sannisinnA / nesA, mante, kathA bhagavato dullabhA bhavissati pacchA pi savanAya / purimAni, bhante, divasAni purimatarAni nAnAtitthiyAnaM samaNabrAhmaNAnaM kutUhalasAlAyaM sannisinnAnaM sannipatitAnaM ayamantarAkathA udapAdi-'lAbhA vata, bho, aGgamagadhAnaM, suladdhalAbhA vata, bho, aGgamagadhAnaM ! tatrime samaNabrAhmaNA savinoM gaNino gaNAcariyA jAtA yasassino titthakarA sAdhusammatA bahujanassa rAjagahaM vassAvAsaM osaTA / ayaM pi kho pUraNo kassapo saGghI ceva gaNI ca gaNAcariyo ca jAtI yasassI titthakaro sAdhusammatI bahujanassa; so pi rAjagahaM vassAvAsaM osa kho makkhali gosAlI...pe0 . ajito kesakambalo.. pakUdho kaccAyano..... saJjayo velaTa. putto.. nigaNTho nAtaputto saGghI ceva... bassAvAsaM ostto| ayaM pi kho samaNo gotamo saGghIceva... vassAvAsaM prostto| ko nu kho imesaM bhagavataM samaNabrAhmaNAnaM saGghInaM gaNInaM gaNAcariyAnaM AjAna yasassInaM titthakarAnaM sAdhusammatAnaM bahujanassa sAvakAnaM sakkato garukato mAnito pUjito, kaMca pana sAvakA sakkatvA garuM katvA upanissAya viharantI' ti ? "tatrekacce evamAhaMsu-'ayaM kho pUraNo kassapo saGghI ceva...'bahujanassa; so ca kho sAvakAnaM na sakkato na garukato na mAnito na pUjito, na ca pana pUraNaM kassapaM sAvakA sakkatvA garukatvA upanissAya viharanti / bhUtapubbaM pUraNo kassapo anekasatAya parisAya dhamma deseti / tatrajJataro pUraNassa kassapassa sAvako saddamakAsi-mA bhonto pUraNaM kassapaM etamatthaM pucchittha, neso etaM jAnAti ; mayametaM jAnAma, amhe etamatthaM pucchatha; mayametaM bhavantAnaM byAkarissAmA ti / bhUtapubbaM pUraNo kassapo bAhA paggayha kandanto na la bhatiappasadA bhonto hontu, mA bhonto saddama kattha / nete, bhavante, pucchansi, amhe ete pucchanti; mayanetesaM vyAkarissAmA ti / bahu kho pana pUraNassa kassapassa sAvakA vAdaM AropetvA apakkantA-na tvaM imaM dhammavinayaM AjAnAsi, ahaM imaM dhammavinayaM AjAnAmi, kiM tvaM imaM dhammavinayaM AjAnissasi, micchA paTipanno tvamasi, ahamasmi sammApaTipanno, sahitaM me, asahitaM te, purevacanIyaM pacchA avaca, pacchAvacanIyaM pure avaca, adhiciNNaM te viparAvattaM Aropito te vAdo, nignahitosi, cara vAdappamokkhAya nibbeThehi vA sace pahosI ti / iti pUraNo kassapo sAvakAnaM ca sakkato... upanissAya viharanti / akkuTTho ca pana pUraNo kassapo dhammakkosenA' ti| "ekacce evamAhaMsu-'ayaM pi kho makkhali gosAlo...pe... ajito kesakambalo... pakudho kaccAyano saJjayo belaTThaputto nigaNTho nAtaputto saGghI ceva..... dhammakkosenA' ti| ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 527 " ekacce evamAhaMsu - ' ayaM pi kho samaNo gotamo saGghI ceva.' 'sAvakAnaM satkato garukato mAnito pUjito, samaNaM ca pana gotanaM sAvakA sakkatvA garu katvA upanissayA viharanti / bhUta pubbaM samaNo gotamo anekasatAya parisAya dhammaM deseti / tatrataro samaNossa gItamassa sAvako ukkAsi / tamenAJjataro brahmacArI jannukena ghaTTesi - appasaddo Ayasma hotu, mAyasmA saddamakAsi, satyA to bhagavA dhammaM desetI' ti / yasmiM samaye samaNo gotamo aneka satAya parisAya dhammaM deseti, neva tasmi samaye samaNassa gotamassa sAvakAnaM khipitaso vA hoti ukkAsitasaddo vA / tamenaM mahAjana kAyo paccAsIsamAnarUpo paccupuTThito hoti - yaM no bhagavA dhammaM bhAsissati taM no sossAmA ti / seyyathApi nAma puriso cAtummahApathe khudda madhuM alakaM pIleyya / tamenaM mahAjanakAyo paccAsIsamAnarUpo paccupaTTito assa / evameva yasmiM samaye samaNo gotamo anekasatAya parisAya dhammaM deseti, neva tasmi samaye samaNassa gotamassa sAvakAnaM khipitasaddo vA hoti ukkAsitasaddo vA / tamenaM mahAjanakAyo paccAsIsamAnarUpo paccupaTTito hoti -yaM no bhagavA dhammaM bhAsissati taM no sossAmA ti / yepi samaNassa gotamassa sAvakA sabrahmacArIhi sampayojetvA sikkhaM paccakkhAya hInAyAtanti tepi satthu caiva vaNNavAdino honti, dhammassa ca vaNNavAdino honti, saGghassa ca vaNNavAdino honti, attagarahino ye honti anaJcagarahino, mayamevamhA alakkhikA mayaM appapuJJA te mayaM evaM svAkkhAte dhammavinaye pabbajitvA nAsakkhimhA yAvajIvaM paripuSNaM parisuddhaM brahmacariyaM carituM ti / te ArAmikabhUtA vA upAsakabhUtA vA paJcasikkhApade samAdAya vattanti / iti samaNo gotamo sAvakAnaM sakkato0 viharantI" ti / " : 27 : nigaNTha uposatha evaM me sutaM / ekaM samayaM bhagavA sAvatthiyaM viharati pubvArAme migAra mAtupAsAde / atha kho visAkhA migAramAtA tadahuposathe yena bhagavA tenupasaGkami; upasaGkamitvA bhagavantaM abhivAdetvA ekamantaM nisIdi / ekamantaM nisinnaM kho visAkhaM bhigAramAtaraM bhagavA etadavoca - "handa kuto nu tvaM, visAkhe, Agacchasi divA divassA" ti ? "uposathAhaM, bhante, ajja upavasAmI" ti / "tayo khome, visAkhe, uposathA / katame tayo ? gopAlakuposatho, nigaNThaposatho, ariyuposatho / kathaM ca visAkhe, gopAlakuposatho hoti ? seyyathApi, visAkhe, gopAlako sAyanhasamaye sAmikAnaM gAvo niyyAtetvA iti paTisaJcikkhati - 'ajja kho gAvo amukasmi ca amukasmi ca pade se cariMsu, amukasmi ca amukasmi ca padese pAnIyAni pivisu; sve dAni gAvo amukasmi ca amukasmi ca padese carissanti, amukasmi ca amukasmi ca padese pAnI 1. suttapiTake, majjhimanikAya pAli, bhajjhimapaNNAsaka, mahAsakuludAyisuttaM 27-1 ; pR0 224 se 28 / 2010_05

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528 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 yAni pivissantI' ti; evameva kho, visAkhe, idhekacco uposathiko iti pATisaJcikkhati'ahaM vajja idaM cidaM ca khAdanIya khAdi idaM cidaM ca bhojanIyaM bhuJji; sve dAnAhaM idaM cidaM ca khAdanIyaM khAdissAmi idaM cidaM ca bhojanIyaM bhujissAmI' ti / so tena abhijjhAsahagatena cetasA divasa atinAmeti / evaM visAkhe, gopAlakuposatho hoti evaM upavattho kho; visAkhe, gopAlakuposatho na mahamphalo hoti na mahAnisaMso na mahAjutiko na mahAviSphAro | "kathaM ca visAkhe, nigaNThaposatho hoti ? asthi visAkhe, nigaNThA nAma samaNajAtikA / te sAvakaM evaM samAdapeti - ehi tvaM' ambho purisa, ye puratthimAya disAya pANA paraM yojanasataM tesu daNDaM nikkhipAhi; ye pacchimAya disAya pANA paraM yojanasataM tesu daNDaM nikkhipAhi; ye uttarAya disAya pANA paraM yojanasataM tesu daNDaM nikkhipAhi; ye dakkhiNAya disAya pANA paraM yojanasataM tesu daNDaM nikkhipAhI' ti / iti ekaccAnaM pANAnaM anuyAya anukampAya samAdapenti, ekaccAnaM pANAnaM nAnuddayAya nAnukampAya samAdanti / ne tadahuposathe sAvakaM evaM samAdapenti-- 'ehi tvaM, ambho, purisa, sabbacelAni nikkhipitvA evaM vadehi-- nAhaM kvacani kassaci kiJcanatasmi, na ca mama kvacani katthaci kiJcanatatthI ti / jAnanti kho panassa mAtApitaro -- 'ayaM amhAkaM putto' ti ; sopi jAnAti -' ime mayhaM mAtApitaro' ti / jAnAti kho panassa puttadAro - 'ayaM mayhaM bhattA' ti ; so pi jAnAti - 'ayaM mayhaM puttadAro' ti / jAnanti kho panassa dAsakammakaraporisA - 'ayaM amhAkaM ayyo' ti; so pi jAnAti -- 'ime mayhaM dAsakammakaraporisA' ti / iti yasmi samaye sacce samAdapetabbA musAvAde tasmi samaye samAdapenti / idaM tassa musAvAdasmi vadAmi / so tassA rattiyA accayena bhoge adinnaM yeva paribhuJjati / idaM tassa adinnA - dAnasmi vadAmi / evaM kho, visAkhe, nigaNThuposatho hoti / evaM upavuttho kho, visAkhe, nigaNThuposatho na mahaphphalo hoti na mahAnisaMso na mahAjutiko na mahAviSphAro / " kathaM ca visAkhe, ariyuposatho hoti ? upakkiliTThassa, visAkhe, cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanA hoti / kathaM ca visAkhe, upakkiliTTassa cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanA hoti ? idha, visAkhe, ariyasAvako tathAgataM anusarati -- ' iti pi so bhagavA arahaM sammAsambuddho vijjAcaraNasampanno sugato lokavidU anuttaro purisadammasArathi satyA devamanussAnaM buddho bhagavA' ti / tassa tathAgataM anussarato cittaM pasIdati, pAmojjaM uppajjati / ye cittassa upakkilesA te pahIyanti, seyyathApi, visAkhe, upakki liTThassa sIsassa upakkamena pariyodapanA hoti / 10...... : 28 : cha abhijAtiyoM meM nirgrantha ekaM samayaM bhagavA rAjagahe viharati gijjhakUTe pabbate / atha kho AyasmA Anando yena bhagavA tenupasaGkami ; upasaGkamitvA bhagavantaM abhivAdetvA ekamantaM nisIdi / ekamantaM 1. suttapiTake, aMguttaranikAya pAli, tikanipAta, mahAvaggo, uposathasuttaM, 3-7-10; pR0 160-61 / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli nisino kho AyasmA Anando bhagavantaM etadavoca - "pUraNena, bhante, kassapena chalamijAtiyo paJJattA - taNhA bhijAti paJJattA, nIlAbhijAti paJJattA, lohitAbhijAti paJJattA, haliddAmijAti paJJattA, sukkAbhijAti paJJattA, paramasukkAbhijAti paJJattA / "tatridaM bhante, pUraNena kassapena taNhAbhijAti paJJattA, orabbhikA sukarikA sAkuNikA mAvikA luddA macchaghAtakA corA coraghAtakA bandhanAgArikA ye vA pana pi keci kurUrakammantA / " tatridaM, bhante, pUraNena kassapena nIlAbhijAti paJJattA, bhikkhU kaNTakavuttikA ye vA pana pi keci kammavAdA kiriyavAdA | "tatridaM bhante, pUraNena kassapena lohitAbhijAti paJJattA, nigaNThA ekasATakA | " tatridaM bhante, pUraNena kassapena haliddAbhijAti paJJattA, gihI odAtavasanA acelaka sAvakA / 526 "tatridaM bhante, pUraNena kassapepana sukkAbhijAti paJJattA, AjIvakA AjIvakiniyo / ' : 26 : saccaka nigaNThaputra saccakassa paJho eva me sutaM / ekaM samayaM bhagavA vesAliyaM viharati mahAvane kUTAgArasAlAyaM / tena khopana samayena bhagavA pubbaNhasamayaM sunivattho hoti pattacIvaramAdAya vesAli piNDAya pavisitukAmo | atha kho saccako nigaNThaputto jaGghAvihAraM anucaGkamamAno yena anuvicaramAno mahAvanaM kUTAgArasAlA teMnupasaGkami / addamA kho AyasmA Anando saccakaM nigaNThaputtaM dUrato va AgacchantaM / disvAna magavantaM etadavoca - " ayaM, bhante, saccako nigaNThaputto Agacchati bhassappavAdako paNDitavAdo sAdhusammato bahujanassa / eso kho, bhante, avaNNakAmo buddhassa, avaNakAmo dhammassa, avaNNakAmo saGghassa / sAdhu, bhante, bhagavA muhuttaM nisIdatu anukampaM upAdAyA" ti / nisIdi bhagavA paJJatte Asane / atha kho saccako nigaNThaputto yena bhagavA tena saGkami; upasaGkamitvA bhagavatA saddhi sammodi, sammodanIyaM kathaM sAraNIyaM vIpisAretvA ekamantaM nisIdi / ekamantaM nisinno saccako nigaNThaputto bhagavantaM etadavoca -0... saccakassa bhagavati saddhA evaM vRtte, saccako nigaNThaputto bhagavantaM etadavoca -- "acchariyaM, bho gotama, abbhutaM, bho gotama ! yAvaJcidaM moto gotamassa eva~ Asajja Asajja vuccamAnassa, upanItehi 1. suttapiTake aMguttaranikAya pAli, chakka nipAtA, mahAvaggo, chalabhijAtisuttaM, 6-6-3; pR0 63-64 / 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 vacanapathehi samudAcariyamAnassa, chavivaraNo ceva pariyodAyati, mukhavaNNo ca vippasIdati, yathA taM arahato sammAsambuddhassa / abhijAnAmahaM, bhogotama, pUraNaM kassapaM vAdena vAdaM samArabhitA / sopi mayA vAdena vAdaM samAraddho ana paTicari, bahiddhA kathaM apanA mesi, kopaM ca dosaM ca appactrayaM ca pAtvAkAsi / bhoto pana gotamassa evaM arahato sammAsambuddhassa / abhijAnAmA, bhI gotama, makkhali gosAlaM pe0 ajitaM kesakambalaM ... pakudhaM kaccAyanaM saJjaya belaTThaputtaM nigaNThaM nATaputtaM vAdena vAdaM samArabhitA / sopi mUyA vAdena 0... appaccayaM ca pAtvAkAsi / bhoto pana gotamasma evaM bahukiccA mayaM, bahukaraNIyA" ti / 530 .. "yassa dAni tvaM aggivessana, kAlaM kaJjasI" ti / atha kho saccako nigaNThaputto bhagavato bhAsitaM abhinanditvA anumoditvA udAyAsana pakkAmI ti / : 30 : anAzvAsika brahmacaryavAsa cattAro abrahmacaryavAsA evaM me sutaM / ekaM samayaM bhagavA kosambiyaM viharati ghositArAme / tena kho panA samayena sandako paribbAjako pilakkhaguhAyaM paTivasati mahatiyA paribbAjakaparisAya saddhi paJcamattehi paribbAjakasatehi / atha kho AyasmA Anando sAyaNhasamayaM paTisallAnA buTThito bhikkhU Amantesi--'"AyAmAvuso, yena devakata sobbho tenupasaGkamissAma gRhAdassanAyA" ti / " evamAvaso " ti khote bhikkhU Ayasmato Anandassa paccassosuM / atha kho AyasmA Anando sambahulehi bhikkhUhi sadvi yena devakataso bho tenupasaGkami / tena kho pana samayena sandako paribbAjako mahatiyA paribbAjakaparisAya saddhi nisinno hoti unnAdiniyA uccasadda - mahAsahAya aneka vihitaM tiracchAnakathaM kathentiyA, seyyathIda - rAjakathaM corathathaM mahAmattakathaM senAkathaM bhayakathaM yuddhakathaM annakathaM pAnakathaM vatthakathaM sayanakathaM mAlAkathaM gandhakathaM prAtikathaM yAnakathaM gAmakathaM nigamakathaM nagarakathaM janapadakathaM itthikathaM sUrakathaM visikhAkathaM kumbhAbhATTAnakathaM pubbapetakathaM nAnattakathaM lokakkhAyikaM samuddakkhAyikaM itibhavAbhavakathaM iti vA / addasA kho sandako paribbAjako AyasmantaM AnandaM dUrato va AgacchantaM / disvAna sakaM parisaM saNThapesi-- "appasaddA bhonto hontu, mA bhonto saddamakattha; ayaM samaNassa gotamassa sAvako Agacchati samaNo Anando / yAvatA - kho pana samaNassa gotamassa sAvakA kosambiyaM paTivasanti, ayaM tesaM ataro samaNo Anando / appasaddakAmA kho pana te Ayasmanto appasadda vinItA 2010_05 1. suttapiTake, majjhimanikAya pAli, mUlapaNAsaka, mahAsaccakasutaM, 36-1-1 se 36-5-35; pR0 261-306 /

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 531 appasaddassa vaNNavAdino ; appeva nAma appasaddaM parisaM viditvA upasaGkamitabbaM mabbeyyA / " ti / atha kho te paribbAjakA tumhI ahesaM / atha kho AyasmA Anando yena sandako paribbAjako tenupasaGkami / atha kho sandako paribbAjako AyasmantaM AnandaM etadavoca - "etu kho bhavaM Anando, svAgataM bhoto Anandassa | cirassaM kho bhavaM Anando imaM pariyAyamakAsi yadidaM ighAgamanAya / nisIdatu bhavaM Anando, idamAsanaM paJjattaM " ti / nisIdi vo AyasmA Anando paJJatte Asane / sandako pikho paribbAjako aJGataraM nIcaM AsanaM gahetvA ekamantaM nisIdi / ekamantaM nisinna kho sandakaM paribbAjakaM AyasmA Anando etadavoca -- " kAyanuttha, sandaka, etarahi kathAthaM sanni sinnA, kAca pana vo antarAkathA vippakathA" ti ? tiTThatesA, bho Ananda, kathA yAya mayaM etarahi kathAya sannisinnA / netA bhoto Anandassa kathA dullabhA bhavissati pacchA pi savanAya / sAdhu vata bhavantaM yena Ananda paTibhAtu sake Acariyake dhammikathA" ti / "tena hi, sandaka; suNAhi, sAdhukaM manasi karohi ; bhAsissAmI" ti / evaM mo" ti kho sandako paribbAjako Ayasmato Anandassa paccassosi | AyasmA Anando etadavoca - " cattArome, sandaka, tena bhagavatA jAnatA parasatA arahatA sammAsambuddhena abrahmacariyavAsA akkhAtA cattAri ca anassAsikAni brahmacariyAni akkhAtAni, yattha vinU puriso sasakkaM brahmacariyaM na vaseyya, vasanto ca nArAdheyya jAyaM dhammaM kusalaM " ti / katame pana te bho Ananda, tena bhagavatA jAnatA passatA arahatA sammAsambuddhena cattA abrahmacariyavAsA, akkhAtA, yattha viJjU0kusalaM " ti / "iSa, sandaka, ekacco satthA evaMvAdI hoti evaM diTThI - 'natthi dinnaM, natthiyiSTa, natthi hutaM 0 [o......| " puna ca paraM sandaka, idhekacco satthA evaMvAdI hoti evaMdiTThI - 'karoto kArayato ....... "puna ca paraM ighekacco, satthA evaMvAdI hoti evaMdiTThI - 'natthi hotu, nattha paccayo 0... / "puna ca paraM sandaka, idhekacco satthA evaMvAdI hoti evaMdiTThI - sattime kAyA akaTThA akaTavidhA.......... "ime kho te sandaka, tena bhagavatA jAnatA passatA arahatA sammAsambuddhena cattAro abrahmacariyavAsA akkhAtA yattha.... ... kusalaM " ti / cattAri anassAsikAni brahmacariyAni " acchariyaM bho Ananda, abbhutaM bho Ananda ! yAvaJcidaM tena bhagavatA 0 abrahmacariyAvAsA va samAnA ' abrahmacariyavAsA' ti akkhAtA yattha0 kusalaM ti / katamAni pana tAni bho Ananda, tena bhagavatA jAnatA passatA arahatA sammAsambuddhena cattAri anassAsikAni brahmacariyAni akkhAtAni yattha.... "kusalaM" ti ? 2010_05

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532 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 "idha, sandaka, ekacco satthA sabbana sabbadassAvI aparisesaM ANadassanaM paTijAnAti-'carato ca me tiDhato ca suttassa ca jAgarassa ca satataM samitaM jANadassanaM paccupaTTitaM' ti / so sujepi agAraM pavisati, piNDaM pi na labhati, kukkuro pi Dasati, caNDena pi hatthinA samAgacchati, caNDena pi assena samAgacchati, caNDena pi goNena samAgacchati, itthiyA pi purisassa pi nAma pi gottaM pi pucchali, gAmassa pi nigamassa pi nAma pi maggaM pi pucchati ; so 'kimidaM' ti puTTho samAno 'sujhaM me anaraM pivisitabbaM ahosi', tena pAvisi ; 'piNDaM me aladdhabbaM ahosi', tena nAlatthaM ; kukkurena DaMsitabbaM ahosi, tenamhi daTTho ; caNDana hatthinA samAgantabbaM ahosi, tena samAgama ; caNDena assena samAgantabbaM ahosi tena samAmi ; caNDena goNena samAgantabbaM ahosi, tena samAgami ; itthiyA pi purisassa pi nAma pi gottaM pi pucchitabbaM ahosi, tena pucchi; gAmassa pi nigamassa pi nAmaM pi maggaM pi pucchitabbaM ahosi, tena pucchi ti / tatra, sandaka, vijU puriso iti paTisaJcikkhati-ayaM kho bhavaM satthA sabba sabbadassAvI aparisesaM ANadassanaM paTijAnAti.."pe0. gAmassa pi nigamassa pi nAmaM pi maggaM pi pucchitabbaM ahosi, tena pucchi ti / so 'anassAsikaM idaM brahmacariyaM" ti-iti viditvA tasmA brahmacariyA nibijja pkkmti| idaM kho, sandaka, tena bhagavatA jAnatA passatA arahatA sammAsambuddhena paThamaM anassAsikaM brahmacariyaM akkhAtaM yattha vi0... kusalaM ......."imAni kho. sandaka. tena bhagavatA jAnatA passatA arahatA sammAsambaddhana cattAri anassAsikAni brahmacariyAni akkhAtAni yattha vijhU0."kusalaM" ti|' vibhinna matoM ke deva evaM me sutaM / eka samayaM bhagavA rAjagahe viharati veluvane kalandaka nivaape| atha kho sambahulA nAnAti tthi yasAvakA devaputtA asamo ca sahali ca nIko ca AkoTako ca vegabhari ca mANavagAriyo ca abhikkantAya rattiyA abhikkantavaNNA kevalakappaM veluvanaM omAsetvA yena bhagavA tenupasaGkarmisu ; upasaGkamitvA bhagavantaM abhivAdetvA ekamantaM aTThasu / ekamantaM Thito kho asamo devaputto pUraNaM kassapaM Arabbha bhagavato santike imaM gAthaM abhAsi "idha chinditamArite, hatajAnIsu ksspo| na pApaM samanupassati, pujhaM vA pana attno| sa ve vissAptamAcikkhi, satthAarahati mAnanaM" ti|| 1. suttapiTake, majjhimanikAya pAli, majjhipaNNAsaka, sandaka suttaM, 26-1-2; pR0 217-220 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 533 atha kho sahali devaputto makkhali gosAlaM Arabbha bhagavato santike imaM gANaM amAsi "tapojigucchAya . susaMvatatto, bAcaM pahAya kalahaM janena / samo savajjA virato saccavAdI, na hi nUna tAvisaM karoti pApaM" ti / / atha kho nIko devaputto nigaNThaM nATaputtaM Arabbha bhagavato santike imaM gAthaM abhAsi "jegucchI nipako bhikkhu, caatuyaamsusNvto| ni? sutaM ca AcikkhaM, na hi nUna kibbisI siyA" ti|| ___atha kho AkoTako devaputto nAnAtitthiye Arambha bhagavato santike imaM gANaM abhAsi "pakudhako kAtiyAno nigaNTho, ye cApime mkkhlipuurnnaase| gaNassa satthAro sAbhaJjappattA, na hi nUna te sappurisehi dUre" ti / / atha kho begabhari devaputto AkoTakaM devaputtaM gAthAya paccamAsi "sahAcaritena chavo sigAlo, na kotthako sIhasamo kadAci / naggo musAvAdI gaNassa sasthA, saGkassarAcAro na sataM sarikkho" ti / / atha kho mAro pApimA begari devaputtaM anvAvisitvA bhagavato santike imaM gANaM abhAsi "tapojigucchAya AyuttA, pAlayaM pavivekiyaM / rUpe ca ye nividvAse, devlokaabhinndino| te ve sammAnusAsanti, paralokAya mAtiyA" ti| 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 atha kho bhagavA, 'mAro ayaM pApimA' iti viditvA, mAraM pApimantaM gAthAya paccabhAsi "ye keci rUpA idha vA huraM vA, ye canta likhasmi pabhAsavaNNA / sabbe va te te namucippasatthA, AmisaM va macchAnaM vadhAya khittA" ti||' :32: piMgala koccha brAhmaNa paJca sArathikA puggalA evaM me sutaM / eka samayaM bhagavA sAvatthiyaM viharati jetavane anAthapiNDakassa aaraame| atha kho piGgalakoccho brAhmaNo yena bhagavA tenupasaGkami ; upasaGkamitvA bhagavatA saddhi sammodi / sammodanIyaM kathaM sAraNIyaM vItisAretvA ekamantaM nisIdi / ekamantaM nisinno kho piGgalakoccho brahmaNo bhagavantaM etadavoca----'yeme, bho gotama, samaNabrAhmaNA saGghino gaNino gaNAcariyA jAtA yasassino titthakarA sAdhusammatA, bahujanassa, seyyathIdaMpUraNo kassapo, makkhali gosAlo, ajito kesakambalo, pakudho kaccAyano, saJjayo belaputto, nigaNTho nATaputto, sabbete sakAya paTijJAya abbhanaMsu sabbe va nAbmabaMsu, udAhu ekacce abbhajesu ekacce nAb sU' ti ? __ "alaM, brAhmaNa, titetaM-sabbete sakAya paTijJAya abbhajesu sabbe va nAbhaJjasu, udAhu ekacce abbhajesu ekacce nAbbhanaMsU ti / dhammaM te, brAhmaNa, desessAmi, taM suNAhi, sAdhukaM manasi karohi ; bhAsissAmI' ti / "evaM, bho" ti kho piGgalakoccho brAhmaNo bhagavato paccassosi / bhagavA etadavoca-0 1. suttapiTake, saMyuttanikAya pAli, sagAthavaggo, devaputtasaMyuttaM, nAnAtitthiyasAvakasuttaM, 2-30-44-45, pR064-65 / 2. suttapiTake, majjhima nikAya pAli, mUlapaNNAsakaM, cUlasAropamasuttaM, 30-1-1; pR0248| ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli : 33 : jaTila sutta ekaM samayaM bhagavA sAvatthiyaM viharati pubbArAme migAramAtupAsAde / tena kho pana samayena bhagavA sAyanhasamayaM paTisallAnA vuTThito bahidvArako ke nisinno hoti / atha kho rAjA pasenadi kosalo yena bhagavA tenupasaGkami ; upasaGkamitvA bhagavantaM abhivAdetvA ekamantaM nisIdi / tena kho pana samayena satta ca jaTilA satta ca nigaNThA satta ca acelakA satta ca ekasATakA sattaca parivvAjakA parUlhakacchanakhalomA khArivividhamAdAya bhagavato avidUre atikkamanti / atha kho rAjA pasenadi kosalo uTTAyAsanA ekaMsaM uttarAsaGgaM karitvA dakkhiNANumaNDalaM paThaviyaM nihantvA yena te sa ca jaTilA satta ca nigaNThA tenaJjali paNAmetvA tikkhatuM nAmaM sAvesi - "rAjAhaM, bhante, pasenadi kosalo. pe rAjAhaM, bhante, pasedadi kosalI" ti / atha kho rAjA pasenadi kosalo acirapakkantesu tesu sattasu ca jaTilesu sattasu ca nigaNThesu.... ..... / yena bhagavA tenupasaGkami ; upasaGkamitvA0 etadavoca -- "ye te, bhante, loke arahato vA arahattamaggaM vA samApannA ete te aJJatarA" ti / dujjAnaM khoetaM mahArAja, tathA gihinA kAma bhoginA puttasambAdhasayanaM ajjhAvasantena kAsikacandanaM paccanubhontena mAlAgandhavilepanaM dhArayantena jAtarUparajataM sAdiyantena - ime arahanto, ime vA arahattamaggaM samApannA' ti / "saMvAsena kho, mahArAja, sIlaM veditabbaM / taM ca kho dIghena addhanA, na ittaraM ; manasikatA, no amanasikarotA; paJJavatA, no duppaJjena / saMvohArena kho, 0 / ApadAsu kho, 0 sAkacchAya kho, 0 01 "acchariyaM, bhante, abbhutaM bhante ! yAvasubhAsitamidaM bhante, bhagavatA - 'dujjAnaM kho evaM, O... "ete, bhante, mama purisA carA ocarakA janapadaM ocaritvA Agacchanti / tehi paThamaM ociNNaM ahaM pacchA osApayismAmi / idAni te, bhante, taM rajojallaM pavAhetvA suhAtA suvilittA kappita kesamassU odAtavatthA paJcahi kAmaguNehi samappitA samaGkIbhUtA puricAressantI" ti / atha kho bhagavA etamatthaM viditvA tAyaM belAyaM imA gAthAyo abhAsi 2010_05 "na na aNNarUpena naro vissase 535 susaJjatAna asaJjatA hi lokamimaM sujAno, ittaradarasanena / viyaJjanena, caranti //

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536 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa: 1 "patirUpako mattikAkuNDalo va, lohaDDhamAso va suvnnnnchnno| caranti loke parivArachannA, anto abuddhA bahi sobhamAnA" ti|' : 34 : dhammika sutta evaM me sutaM / eka samayaM bhagavA sAvatthiyaM viharati jetavane anAthapiNDikassa araame| atha kho dhammiko upAsako paJcahi upAsakasatehi saddhi yena bhaganA tenupasaGkami ; upAsaGkamitvA bhagavantaM abhivAdetvA ekamantaM nisAdi / ekamantaM nisinno kho dhammiko upAsako bhagavantaM gAthAhi ajjhabhAsi "pucchAmi taM gotama bhUripaJja, kathaGkaro sAvako sAdhu hoti / yo vA agArA anagArameti, agArino vA panupAsakAse // ....ye kecime titthiyA vAdasIlA, AjIvakA vA yadi vA nignntthaa| paJjAya taM nAtitaranti sabbe, Thito vajantaM viya sIdhagAmi / / mahAbodhi kumAra ki nu damDaM ki bajinaM ki chatta ki upAhanaM ki aMkusaM ca patta ca saMghATiM cApi brAhmaNa taramANarUpo gaNhAsi ki nu patthayase disaM // 1 // 1. suttapiTake, saMyuttanikAya pAli, sagAthavaggo, kosalasaMyuttaM, sattajaTilasuttaM, 3-11-27 ___ se 30; pR0 76-78 ! 2. suttapiTake, khudda kanikAye, suttanipAtapAli, cUlavaggo, dhammikasuttaM, 2-14-156 se 161, pR0 323-324 / ___ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 537 dvAdasetAni vassAni vasitAni tavantike, nAbhijAnAmi sonena piMgalena abhinikUjitaM / / 2 / / svAyaM ditto va nadati sukkadAThaM vidaMsayaM tava sutvA samarissa vItasaddhassa mama pati / / 3 / / ahu esa kato doso, yathA mAsasi brAhmaNa, esa bhiyyo pasIdAmi, vasa brAhmaNa mA gama // 4 // sabbaseto pure Asi, tatopi sabalo ahu| sabbalohitako dAni, kAlo pakkita mama // 5 // abbhantaraM pure Asi tato majjhe tato bahi purA niddhamanA hoti sayaM eva cajaM ahaM // 6 // vItasaddhaM na seveyya udamAna va anodaka sace pi naM anukhaNe vAri kaddamagandhikaM / / 7 / / pasanna eva seveyya, apasannaM vibajjaye pasanna payirupAseyya, rahadaM va udatthiko // 8 // maje bhajantaM purisaM abhajantaM na bhAjaye, asappurisadhammoso yo bhajantaM na bhAjati // 6 // yo bhajantaM na bhajati sevamAnaM na sevati sa ve manussapApiTTo migo sAkhassito yathA // 10 // accAbhikkhaNasaMsaggA asamosaraNena ca etena mittA jIranti akAle yAcanAya ca // 11 / / tasmA nAbhikkha NaM gacche na ca gacche cirAciraM kAlena yAcaM yAceyya evaM mittA na jIrare // 12 // aticiraMnivAsena piyo bhavati appiyo AmaMta kho taM gacchAma purA te homa appiyA / / 13 / / evaM ce yAcamAnAnaM majali nAvabujjhasi parivArakAnaM sattAnaM vacanaM na karosi no evaM taM abhiyAcAma, puna kayirAsi pariyAyaM // 14 // ___ 2010_05

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[khaNDa : 1 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana evaJce no viharataM antarAyo na hessati tumhaM cApi mahArAja marahaM ca raTTavaDDhana / appeva nAma passema ahorattAnamacca ye // 15 // udIraNA ce saMgatyA mAvAyamanuvakttati akAmA akaraNIyaM vA karaNIyaM vApi kubbati akAmakaraNIyasmi kuviSa pApena lippati / / 16 / / so ce attho ca dhammo ca kalyANo na pApako bhoto ce vacanaM saccaM suhato vAnaro mayA // 17 // attano cehi vAssa aparAdhaM vijAniya na ma tvaM garaheyyAsi, moto vAdohi taadiso||18|| issaro sambalokassa sace kapteti jIvitaM idvivyasanabhAvaJca kanma kalyANapApaka niddesakArI puriso issaro tena lippati // 16 // sace attho ca dhammo ca kalyANo na ca pApako bhoto ce vacanaM saccaM suhato vAnaro mayA // 20 // attano ce hi vAdassa aparAdhaM vijAniya na maMtvaM garaheyyAsi, bhoto vAdo hi tAdiso // 21 // sace pubbekatahetu sukhadukkhaM nigacchati, porANakaM kataM pApaM taM eso muccate iNaM, porANakaM iNamokkho, vivadha pApena lippati // 22 // soce attho ca dhammo ca kalyANo na ca pApako bhoto ca vacanaM saccaM suhato vAnaro mayA // 23 // attano ce hi vAvassa aparASaM vijAniya na maM tvaM garahethyAsi, bhoto vAdo hi tAdiso // 24 // catunnaM eva upAdAya rUpaM sammoti pANinaM yato ca rUpaM sammoti tattheva anupagacchati // 25 // idheva jIvati jIvo pecca pecca vinassati, ucchijjamAne ayaM loko ye bAlA yeca paNDitA ucchimjamAne lokasmi pivadha pApena lippati // 26 // ____ 2010_05

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536 itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli soce atyo ca dhammo ca kalyANo na ca pApako bhoto ce vacanaM saccaM suhato vAnaro mayA // 27 // attano ce hi vAdassa aparAdha vijAniya na maM tvaM garaheyyAsi, bhoto vAdo hi tAdiso // 28 // Ahu khattavidhA loke bAlA paNDitamAnino mAtaraM ho atho jeTu pi bhAtaraM haneyya putte ca vAre ca atho ce tAdiso siyA // 26 // yassa rukkhassa chAyAya nisIdeyya sayeyya vA na tassa sArakhaM bhajeyya, mittadUbhI hi pApako // 30 // atha atthe samuppanne samUlaM api abbahe attho me sambalenati suhato vAnaro mayA // 31 // soce atyo ca dhammo ca kalyANo na ca pApako moto ce vacanaM saccaM suhato vAnaro mayA // 32 // attano ce hi vAdassa aparAdha vijAniya na maM tvaM garaheyyAsi, bhoto vAdo hi taadiso||33|| ahetudhAdo puriso yo ca issarakuttiko pumbekatI ca ucchedI yo ca khattaviSo naro, ete asappurisA loke bAlA paNDitamAnino, phareyya tAdiso pApaM atho anaM pi kAraye, asapparisasaMsaggo dukkhanto ktukudryo||34-35|| urabharUpena vAphAsu pubbe AsaMkito ajayUthaM upeti, hantvA urANi ajiyaM ajaM ca citrAsayitvA yena kAmaM paleti // 36 // ___ 2010_05

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540 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana samaNabrAhmaNA se manusse ca tathAvidheke chavanaM anAsakA rajojallaM pariyAyabhatta pApAcarA katvA vaJcayantI thaNDilaseyyakA ca arahanto ukkuTikappadhAnaM apanAkattaM vadAnA // 37 // ete asappurisA loke bAlA paNDitamAnino, kareyya tAdiso pApaM atho api kAraye, asappurisasaMsaggo dukkhanto kaTukudrayo ||38|| yAhu natthi viriyaM ti hetuJca apavadanti [ ye ] parakAraM atakAraJca ye tuccha samavaNNayuM, ete asappurisA loke bAlA paNDitamAnino, kareyya tAdiso pApaM atho aJJapi kAraye asappurisasaMsaggo dukkhanto kaTukudrayo // 36-40 // sace hi viriyaM nAssa kammaM kalyANapApakaM na bhare vaDaDhaki rAjA napi yantAni kAraye // 41 // yasmA ca viriyaM asthi kammaM kalyANapApaka tasmA yantAni kArenti rAjA bharati vaDaDhaki // 42 // yadi vassasataM devo na vasse na himaM pate ucchrijeyya ayaM loko vinasseyya ayaM pajA // 43 // 2010_05 yasmA ca vassatI devo himaM cAnuphusIyati tasmA sassAni paccanti raTTha ca pahalate ciraM // 44 // gavaM ce taramAnAnaM jimhaM gacchati puMgavo sambA tA jimhaM gacchanti netta jimhagate sati // 45 // evamevaM manussesu yo hoti seTThasammato so ce adhammaM carati pageva itarA pajA sambaM raTTha dukkhaM seti rAjA ce hoti adhammako // 46 // gava ce taramAnAnaM ujuM gacchati puMgavo sabbA tA ujuM gacchanti nette ujugate sati // 47 // [khaNDa : 1

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 541 evameva manusse yo hoti seTasammato so cepi dhammaM carati pageva itarA pajA, sabbaM raThaM sukhaM sati rAjA ce hoti dhammiko // 48 / / mahArukkhassa phalino Ama chidanti yo phalaM rasaM cassa na jAnAti bIjaM essa vinassati // 46 / / mahArukkhUpamaM raTheM adhammena yo pasAsati rasaM cassa na jAnAti raTTha cassa vinassati // 50 // mahArukkhassa phalino pakkaM chindati yo phalaM rasaM cassa vijAnAti bIjaM cassa na nassati // 51 // mahArukkhapamaM raheM dhammena yo pasAsati rasa cassa vijAnAti raheM cassa na nassati // 52 / / yo ca rAjA janapavaM adhammena pasAsati sabbosadhIhi so rAjA virukho hoti khattiyo / / 53 / / tatyeva negame hisaM ye yuttA kayavikkaye ojadAnabalIkare sa kosena virujjhati // 54 / / pahAravarakhetaJja saMgAme katanissame ussite hiMsayaM rAjA sa balena virujjhati // 55 // tattheva isayo hisaM saJate brahmacArayo adhammacArI khattiyo so saggena virujjhati // 56 // yo ca rAjA adhammo bhariyaM hanti adUsikaM lUiM pasavate ThAnaM puttehi ca virujjhati // 57 / / dhammaM care janapade negamesu balesa ca isayo ca na hiMseyya puttadAre samaM care // 58 / / sa tAdiso bhUmipati raTThapAlo akodhano sAmante sampakampeti indo va asurAdhipo / / 56 // ' 1. jAtaka, paMcama khaNDa, mahAbodhi jAtaka, pR0 317-327 / ____ 2010_05

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542 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa: 1 mayUra aura kAka adassanena morassa, sikhino mjumaannino| kAkaM tattha apUjesuM, maMsena ca phalena ca / / yadA ca sarasampanno, moro bAverumAgamA / atha lAmo ca sakkAro, vAyasassa ahAyatha / / yAva nuppajjatI buddho, dhammarAjA pbhngkro| tAva ajhe apUjesa, pRthU samaNabrAhmaNe // yadA ca sarasampagno, buddho dhammaM adesayi / atha lAbho casakkAro, tithiyAnaM ahAyathA ti // ' :37: mAMsAhAra carcA hantvA chetvA vadhitvA ca, deti dAnaM asnyto| edisa bhattaM bhuJjamAno, sa paapmuplimpti|| puttadAraM pi ce hantvA, deti vAnaM asnyjto| bhuJjamAnA pi sappo , na pApamupalimpatI ti // cAra prakAra ke loga "cattArome, bhikkhave, puggalA santo saMvijjamAnA lokasmi / katame cattAro ? idha bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo attantapo hoti attpritaapritaapnaanuyogmnuyutto| idha, pana, 1. suttapiTake, khuddakanikAye, jAtakapAli, 'paThamo bhAgo', catukkanipAto, bAveru jAtaka, 4.336-153 se 156, pR0 104 / 2. suttapiTake, khuddakanikAye, jAtakapAli 'paThamo bhAgo', dukanipAto, telovAda jAtaka, 2-246, 162-193, pR0 64 / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 543 bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo parantapo hoti attaparitApanAnuyogamanuyutto, parantapo ca paraparitApanAnuyogamanuyutto na parantapo na para sritaapnaanuyogmnuyutto| so neva attantapo na parantapo ca prpritaapnaanyogmnyutto| idha pana, bhikkhave, ekecco puggalo nevattantapo hoti nAttaparitApanAnuyogamanuyutto na parantapo na prpritaapnaanuyogmnuyutto| so neva attantapo na parantapo diTThava dhamme nicchAto nibbuto sItIbhUto sukhappaTisaMvedI brahmabhUtena attanA viharati / "kathaM ca, bhikkhave, puggalo attantapo hoti attaparitApanAnuyogamanuyutto? idha, bhikkhave, ekacco acelako hoti muttAcAro hatthApalekhano naehibhaddantiko natiTThabhaddantiko nAbhihaTaM na uddissakataM na nimantanaM saadiyti| so na kumbhimukhA paTiggaNhAti, na kalopimukhA paTiggaNahAMti, na ela kamantaraM na daNDamantaraM na musalamantaraM na dvinnaM bhujamAnAnaM na gabbhiniyA na pAyamAnAya na purisantaragatAya na saGkitIsu na yattha sA upaTTito hoti na yattha makkhikA saNDasaNDacArinI na macchaMna maMsaM na suraM na merayaM na thusodakaM pibati / so ekAgAriko vA hoti ekAlopiko dvAgAriko vA hoti dvAlopiko...pe... sattAgAriko vA hoti sattAlopiko; ekissA pi dattiyA yApeti dvIhi pi dattIhi yApeti...pe... sattahi pi dattIhi yApeti; ekAhikaM pi AhAraM AhAreti dvAhika pi AhAraM AhAreti...pe.... sattAhikaM pi AhAyaM AhAreti / iti evarUpaM aDDhamAsikaM pi pariyAyabhattabhojanAnuyogamanayutto viharati / so sAkabhakko pi hoti sAmAkabhakkho pi hoti nIvArabhakkho pi hoti dadadalabhakkho pi hoti haTabhakkho pi hoti kaNabhakkho pi hoti AcAmabhakkho pihoti piAkabhakko pi hoti tiNabhakkhA pi hoti gomayabhakkho pi hoti; vanamUlaphalAhAro pi yApeti pvttphlbhiijii| so sANAni pi ghAreti masANAni pi dhAreti chavadassAni pidhAreti paMsUkUlAni pi dhAreti tirITAni pi dhAreti ajinaM pi dhAreti ajinakliyaM pi dhAreti kUsacIraM pi dhAreti vAkacIraM pi dhAreti phalakacI pi dhAreti kesakambalaM pidhAreti bAlakambalaM pi dhAreti ulU kapakkhaM pi dhAreti ; kesamassulocako pi hoti kesamassalocanAnayatto. ubbhaTThako pi hoti AsanappaTikkhitto; ukkuTiko pi hoti ukkuTikappadhAnamanayato kaNTakApassayiko pi hoti kaNTakApassaye seyyaM kappeti ; sAyatatiyaka pi udakorohanAnayogamanayutto viharati / iti evarUpaM aneka vihitaM kAyassa AtApanaparitApanAnuyogamanayutto viharati / evaM kho, bhikkhave, puggalo attantapo hoti attpritaapnaanuyogmnyutto|' :36 : nirgranthoM ke pAMca doSa "paJcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannAgato AjIvako yathAbhataM nikkhitto evaM nirye| katamehi paJcahi ? pANAtipAtI hoti, adinnAdAyI hoti, abrahmacArI hoti, musAvAdI 1. suttapiTake, aMguttaranikAya pAli, catukkanipAto, mahAvaggo, attantapasuttaM, 420-8; pR0 216-20 / 2010_05

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544 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 hoti, surAmerayamajjapamAdaTThAyI hoti / imehi kho, bhikkhave, paJcahi dhammehi samannAgato AjIvako yathAbhataM nikkhito evaM niraye" ti / "paJcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannAgato niganTho.. muNDasAvako..'jaTilako... paribbAjako... mAgaNDiko.. tedaNDiko.. Aruddhako gotamako.. devadhammiko yathAbhataM nikkhitto evaM nirye| katamehi paJcahi ? pANAtipAtI hoti, adinnAdAyI hoti. pe.... surAmerayamajjapamAdAyI hoti / imehi kho, bhikkhave, paJcehi dhammehi samannAgato devadhammiko yathAbhataM nikkhito evaM niraye" ti / ' :42 : milinda prazna atIte kira kassapassa bhagavato sAsane vattamAne gaGgAya samIpe ekasmi AvAse mahAbhakkhusaGgho pttivsti| tattha vattasIlasampannA bhikkhU pAto va uTThAya yaTThisamajjaniyo AdAya buddha-guNe AvajjantA aGgaNaM sammajjitvA kacavarabyUhaM karonti / athe' ko bhikkhu eka sAmaNeraM, 'ehi sAmaNera, imaM kacavaraM chaDDahI'-ti Aha / so asuNanto viya gacchati / so dutiyampi tItayampi AmantiyamAno asuNanto viya gcchte'v| tato so bhikkhu dubaco vatA' yaM sAmaNero ti kuddho sammajjanidaNDena pahAraM adAsi / tato soM rodanto bhayena kacayaraM chaDDanto iminA' haM kacavarachaDunapuJakammena yavAha nibbAnaM pApuNAmi ettha'ntare nibbataTThAne majjhantikasuriyo viya mahesakkho mahAtejo bhayyaM' ti paThamapatthanaM paTThapesi // kacavaraM chaDDatvA nahAna'tthAya gaGgAtitthaM gato gaGgAya UmivegaM gaggarAyamAnaM disvA,-'yAvA' haM nimbAnaM pApuNAmi ettha'ntare nibbattaTTAne ayaM Umi vego viya ThAnuppattikapaTibhAno bhaveyyaM akkhayapaTibhAno'ti dutiyampi patthanaM ptttthpesii| so pi bhikkhu sammajjanisAlAya sammajjani ThapetvA nahAna'tthAya gaGgAtitthaM gacchanto sAmaNerassa patthanaM sutvA-esa mayA payAjito ti tAva evaM ptthesi| mayha kiM na samijjhissatI' ti cintevA-yAvA'haM nibbANaM pApuNAbhi etthantare nibbattanibbattaTThAne ayaM gaGgAUmibego viya akkhayapaTibhAno bhaveyyaM, iminA pucchitapucchitaM sabbaM paJhapaTibhAnaM vijaTetuM nibbeThetuM samattho bhaveyyaM' ti patthanaM paTTapesi / / te ubho pi devesu ca manussesu ca saMsarantA eka buddhantaraM khenesuN| atha amhAka bhagavatA pi yathA moggaliputtatissatthero dissati, evame'te pi dissanti, mama parinibbAnato paJcavassasate atikkante ete uppajjissanti / yaM mayA sukhumaM katvA desitaM dhammavinayaM, taM ete paJhapucchanaM opammayuttivasena nijjalaM niggumbaM katvA vibhajissantI' ti nidditttthaa|| 1. suttapiTake, aMguttaranikAya pAli, paMcakanipAto, sikkhApadapeyyAlaM, AjIvakasuttaM, 5-28-8-17; pR0 ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputta : mUla pAli 545 tesu sAmaNero jambudIpe sAgalanagare milindo nAma rAjA ahosi, paNDito vyatto medhAvI paTibalo atItA'nAgatapaccuppannAnaM samantayogavidhAnakriyAnaM karaNakAle nisammakArI hoti| bahUni cassa sasthAni uggahitAni honti; seyyathI'daM, suti sammuti saMkhyA yogo nIti visesikA gaNikA ganthabbA tikicchA dhanubbedA purANA itihAsA jotisA mAyA hetu mantanA yuddhA chandasA muddA vacanena eknavIsati / vitaNDavAdI durAsado duppasaho puthutitthakarAnaM aggm'kkhaayti| sakala-jambudIpe milindena raJA samo koci nA' hosi, yadi' daM thAmena javena sUrena pAya aDDho mahIno mahAbhogo ananta blvaahno| athe'kadivasaM malindo rAjA anantabalavAhanaM caturaGgini balaggasenAbyUhaM / dassanakamyatAya nagarA nikkhamitvA bahinagare senAgaNanaM kAretvA so rAjA bhassappavAdako lokAyata vitaNDajanasallApappavattakotUhalo suriyaM oloketvA amacce Amantesi, bahu tAva divasA' vaseso; ki karissAma idAne va nagaraM pavisitvA ? atthi ko pi paNDito samaNo vA brAhmaNo vA saGghI gaNI gaNAcariyo, api arahanta sammAsambuddhaM paTijAnamAno, yo mayA saddhi sallapituM sakkoti kaGkha paTivinodetuM' ti // ___ evaM vutte paJcasatA yonakA rAjAnaM milindaM etadavocuM-asthi mahArAja cha satthAropUraNo kassapo, makkhali gosAlo, nigantho nAnaputto, saJjayo belaTThaputto, ajito kesakambalI pakuSo kccaayno| te sacino gaNino gaNAcariyakA nAtA yasa ssino tipthakarA, sAdhusammatA bahujanassa, gaccha tvaM mahArAja te pahaM pucchassu, kaMGkha paTivinodayissUti // ' 1. milindapa ho, bAhira kathA, pR0 2-5 / ___ 2010_05

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pariziSTa-2 jaina pAribhASika zabda-koza ___ 2010_05

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aMga - dekheM, dvAdazAMgI / akalpanIya - sadoSa akevalI - kevalajJAna prApti se pUrva kI avasthA / akSINa mahAnasika labdhi- tapasyA - vizeSa se prApta hone vAlI eka divya zakti / prApta anna ko jaba taka tapasvI svayaM na khA le, taba taka usa anna se zatazaH va sahasrazaH vyaktiyoM ko bhI tRpta kiyA jA sakatA hai / agurulaghu - na bar3Apana aura na choTApana | aghAtI - karma - AtmA ke jJAna Adi svAbhAvika guNoM kA ghAta na karane vAle karma aghAtI kahalAte haiM / ve cAra haiM- 1. vedanIya, 2. AyuSya, 3. nAma aura 4. gotra / dekheM, ghAtakarma | I ati-- nirjIva padArtha / acelaka vastra - rahita / alpa vastra / acyuta -- bArahavA~ svarga / dekheM, deva / aTTama tapa-tIna dina kA upavAsa, telA / aNuvrata - hiMsA, asatya, steya, abrahmacarya aura parigraha kA yathAzakti ekadezIya parityAga / yaha zIla gRhastha zrAvakoM kA hai / aticAra - vrata bhaMga ke lie sAmagrI saMyojita karanA athavA eka deza se vrata khaNDita karanA / atizaya - sAmAnyatayA manuSya meM hone vAlI asAdhAraNa vizeSatAoM se bhI atyadhika viziSTatA / amAradharma - apavAda rahita svIkRta vrata-caryA / adhyavasAya - vicAra / anazana -- yAvajjIvana ke lie cAroM prakAra ke AhAroM kA tyAga karanA / anirdhArima - dekheM, pAdopagamana / manIka - senA aura senApati / yuddha-prasaMga para inheM gandharva - nartaka Adi bana kara lar3anA par3atA hai / antarAya karma- jo karma udaya meM Ane para prApta hone vAle lAbha Adi meM bAdhA DAlate haiM / apavana -karmoM kI sthiti evaM anubhAga -- phalanimittaka zakti meM hAni / 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 apazcima mAraNAntika saMlekhanA-mRtyu ke samaya kaSAyoM kA upazamana kara zarIra-mUrchA se dUra ho kara kiyA jAne vAlA anazana / apratikarma-anazana meM uThanA, baiThanA, sonA, calanA Adi zArIrika kriyAoM kA abhaav| yaha pAdopagamana anazana meM hotA hai| abhIkSNa jJANopayoga-pR0 134 abhigama-sAdhu ke sthAna meM praviSTa hote hI zrAvaka dvArA AcaraNa karane yogya pA~ca vissy| ve haiM- 1. sacitta dravyoM kA tyAga, 2. acita dravyoM ko maryAdita karanA, 3. uttarAsaMga karanA, 4. sAdhu dRSTigocara hote hI karabaddha honA aura 5. mana ko ekAgra krnaa| abhigraha-vizeSa prtijnyaa| abhijAti-pariNAma / arihanta-rAga-dveSa rUpa zatruoM ke vijetA va viziSTa mahimA-sampanna puruss| arthAgama-zAstroM kA artharUpa / arhat- dekheM, arihanta / avadhijJAna-indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA, kevala AtmA ke dvArA rUpI dravyoM ko jaannaa| avasapiNI kAla-kAlacakra kA vaha vibhAga, jisameM prANiyoM ke saMhanana aura saMsthAna kramazaH hIna hote jAte haiM, Ayu aura avagAhanA ghaTatI hai tathA utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya, puruSAkAra tathA parAkrama kA hrAsa hotA jAtA hai / isa samaya meM pudagaloM ke varNa, kandha, rasa aura sparza bhI hIna hote jAte haiN| zubha bhAva ghaTate haiM aura azubha bhAva bar3hate jAte haiM / isake chaH ArA-vibhAga haiM : 1. suSama-suSama, 2. suSama, 3. suSama-duHSama, 4. duHSama-suSama, 5. duHSama aura 6. duHssm-duHssm| ava svApinI-gaharI nIMda / asaMkhya pradezI-vastu ke avibhAjya aMza ko pradeza kahate haiM / jisameM aise pradezI kI saMkhyA asaMkhya ho, vaha asaMkhyapradezI kahalAtA hai| pratyeka jIva asaMkhya- pradezI hotA hai| AkAzAtipAtI-vidyA yA pAda-lepa se AkAza-gamana karane kI zakti athavA AkAza se rajata Adi iSTa yA aniSTa padArtha-varSA kI divya zakti / AgAradharma-apavAda-sahita svIkRta vrata-caryA / AcAra-dharma-praNiSi-bAhma veSa-bhUSA kI pradhAna rUpa se vyvsthaa| AtApanA-grISma, zIta Adi se zarIra ko tApita krnaa| Atma-rakSaka-indra ke aMga-rakSaka / inheM pratikSaNa sannaddha hokara indra kI rakSA ke lie prastuta rahanA hotA hai| AmavarSoSa labdhi-tapasyA-vizeSa se prApta hone vAlI eka divya zakti / amRta-snAna se jaise roga samApta ho jAte haiM, usI prakAra tapasvI ke saMsparza mAtrA se roga samApta ho jAte haiN| ___ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] pariziSTa jaina paribhASika zabda kozenacA. tri-32000 551 AyaMbila varddhamAna tapa-jisa tapa meM raMdhA huA yA bhunA huA anna pAnI meM bhigo kara kevala eka bAra hI khAyA jAtA hai, use AyaMbila kahate haiM / isa tapa ko kramazaH bar3hAte jAnA / eka AyaMbila ke bAda eka upavAsa, do AyaM bila ke bAda upavAsa, tIna AyaMbila ke bAda upavAsa, isa prakAra kramazaH sau AyaMbila taka bar3hAnA aura bIcabIca meM isa tapa meM 24 varSa, 3 mahIne aura 20 dina kA samaya lagatA hai / ArA - vibhAga / Aropya - bauddhoM kA svarga / Arta dhyAna -- priya ke viyoga evaM apriya ke saMyoga meM cintita rahanA / AzAtanA- - gurujanoM para mithyA AkSepa karanA, unakI avajJA karanA yA unase apane Apa ko ko bar3A mAnanA / Azrava - karma ko AkarSita karane vAle Atma-pariNAma / karmAgamana kA dvAra / icchA parimANa vrata - Avaka kA pA~cavA~ vrata, jisameM vaha parigraha kA parimANa karatA hai / IrSyA - dekheM, samiti | uttara guNa - mUla guNa kI rakSA ke lie kI jAne vAlI pravRttiyA~ / sAdhu ke lie piNDavizuddhi, samiti, bhAvanA, tapa, pratimA, abhigraha Adi / zrAvaka ke lie dizAvrata Adi / uttarAsaMga - uttarIya | utsarpiNI - kAlacakra kA vaha vibhAga, jisameM prANiyoM ke saMhanana aura saMsthAna kramazaH adhikAdhika zubha hote jAte haiM, Ayu aura avagAhanA bar3hatI jAtI hai tathA utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya, puruSAkAra aura parAkrama kI vRddhi hotI jAtI hai / isa samaya meM prANiyoM kI taraha pudgaloM ke varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza bhI kramazaH zubha hote jAte haiN| azubhatama bhAva azubhatara, azubha, zubha, zubhatara hote hue zubhatama hote jAte haiM / avasarpiNI kAla meM kramazaH hrAsa hote hue na hInatama avasthA A jAtI hai aura isameM uttarottara vRddhi hote hue kramazaH uccatama avasthA A jAtI hai / utsUtra prarUpaNA - yathArthatA ke viruddha kathana karanA / udIraNa --- nizcita samaya se pUrva hI karmoM kA udaya / uvartana - karmoM kI sthiti evaM anubhAga - phalanimittaka zakti meM vRddhi / upayoga - cetanA kA vyApAra - jJAna aura darzana / jJAna pA~ca haiM - 1. mati, 2. zruta, 3. avadhi, 4. manaH paryava aura 5. kevala / upAMga-aMgoM ke viSayoM ko spaSTa karane ke lie zrutakevalI yA pUrvadhara AcAryoM dvArA race gaye Agama / inakI saMkhyA bAraha hai-- 1. uvavAI, 2. rAyapaseMviya 3. jIvAbhigama, 4. patravaNA 5 sariyapaNacI, 6. jambUdvIpa paNattI 7. canda praNitI 8. nirAvaliyA, (1) kalpAvataMsikA, (10) puktiyoM, (11) puSpabUliyA aura (12) vahidA / 2010_05

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552 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 Rjujar3a-sarala, kintu tAtparya nahIM samajhane vaalaa| RjuprAjJa-sarala aura buddhimAn / saMketa mAtra se hArda taka pahu~cane vaalaa| eka ahorAtra pratimA-sAdhu dvArA cauvihAra SaSThopavAsa meM grAma ke bAhara pralambabhuja hokara kAyotsarga krnaa| eka rAtri pratimA-sAdhu dvArA eka cauvihAra aSTama bhakta meM jinamudrA (donoM pairoM ke bIca cAra a~gula kA antara rakhate hue sama avasthA meM khar3e rahanA), pralamba bAha. animiSa nayana, eka pudgala niruddha dRSTi aura jhuke hue badana se eka rAta taka prAmAdi ke bAhara kAyotsarga krnaa| viziSTa saMhanana, dhRti, mahAsattva se yukta bhAvitAtmA guru dvArA anujJAta hokara hI isa pratimA ko svIkAra kara sakatA hai / eka sATikA-bIca se binA silA huA paTa (sATikA), jo bolate samaya yatanA ke lie jaina-zrAvakoM dvArA prayukta hotA thaa| ekAdazAMgI-dekheM, dvaadshaaNgii| ekAdazAMgI meM dRSTivAda sammilita nahIM hai| ekAvalI tapa-vizeSa AkAra kI kalpanA se kiyA jAne vAlA eka prakAra kA tapa / isakA krama yaMtra ke anusAra calatA hai| eka paripATI (krama) meM 1 varSa 2 mahIne aura 2 dina kA samaya lagatA hai| cAra paripATI hotI haiM / kula samaya 4 varSa 8 mahIne aura 8 dina kA lagatA hai| pahalI paripATI ke pAraNe meM vikRti kA varjana Avazyaka nahIM hotaa| dUsarI meM vikRti-varjana, tIsarI meM lepa-tyAga aura cauthI meM AyaMbila Avazyaka hotA hai| (citra pariziSTa-2 ke anta meM dekheM) auddezika-parivrAjaka, zramaNa, nirgrantha Adi sabhI ko dAna dene ke uddezya se banAyA gayA bhojana, vastra athavA makAna / autpAtikI buddhi-adRSTa, azruta va anAlocita hI padArthoM ko sahasA grahaNa kara kAryarUpa meM pariNata karane vAlI buddhi / kanakAvalI tapa-svarNa-maNiyoM ke bhUSaNa vizeSa ke AkAra kI kalpanA se kiyA jAne vAlA tp| isakA krama yaMtra ke anusAra calatA hai| eka paripATI (krama) meM 1 varSa 5 mahIne aura 12 dina lagate haiN| pahalI paripATI meM pAraNe meM vikRti-varjana Avazyaka nahIM hai| dUsarI meM vikRti kA tyAga, tIsarI meM lepa kA tyAga aura cauthe meM AyaMbila kiyA jAtA hai| (citra pariziSTa-2 ke anta meM dekheM) karaNa-kRta, kArita aura anumodanarUpa yog-vyaapaar| karma-AtmA kI sat evaM asat pravRttiyoM ke dvArA AkRSTa evaM karma rUpa meM pariNata hone __ vAle pudgala vizeSa / kalpa-vidhi, AcAra / kalpa vRkSa-ve vRkSa, jinake dvArA bhUkha-pyAsa kA zamana, makAna va pAtra kI pUrti, prakAza va agni ke abhAva kI pUrti, manoraMjana va Amoda-pramoda ke sAdhanoM kI upalabdhi sahaja hotI hai| ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariziSTa 2 : jaina pAribhASika zabda-koza kAmikI buddhi-satata abhyAsa aura vicAra se vistAra prApta hone vAlI buddhi / kilviSika-ve deva jo antyaja samAna haiN| kutrikApaNa-tInoM lokoM meM milane vAle jIva-ajIva sabhI padArtha jahA~ milate hoM, use kutrikApaNa kahate haiN| isa dukAna para sAdhAraNa vyakti se jisakA mUlya pA~ca rupayA liyA jAtA thA, inbha-zreSThI Adi se usI kA mUlya sahasra rupayA aura cakravartI Adi se lAkha rupayA liyA jAtA thaa| dukAna kA mAlika kisI vyantara ko siddha kara letA thaa| vahI vyantara vastuoM kI vyavasthA kara detA thaa| para anya logoM kA kahanA hai ki ye dukAneM vaNik-rahita rahatI thiiN| vyantara hI unheM calAte the aura dravya kA mUlya bhI ve hI svIkAra karate the| bhIra samudra-jambUdvIpa ko AveSTita karane vAlA pAMcavAM samudra, jisameM dIkSA-grahaNa ke __ samaya tIrthaGkaroM ke luMcita-keza indra dvArA visarjita kiye jAte haiN| khAdima-mevA Adi khAdya padArtha / gaccha-sAdhuoM kA samudAya / gaNa-kula kA samudAya--do AcAryoM ke ziSya-samUha / gaNaghara-lokottara jJAna-darzana Adi guNoM ke gaNa (samUha) ko dhAraNa karane vAle tIrthaGkaroM ke pradhAna ziSya, jo unakI vANI kA sUtra rUpa meM saMkalana karate haiN| gaNipiTaka-dvAdazAMgI AcArya ke zruta kI maJjU hotI hai| ata: use gaNipiTaka bhI kahA jAtA hai| gAthApati-gRhapati-vizAla Rddhi-sampanna parivAra kA svAmI / vaha vyakti jisake yahA~ kRSi aura vyavasAya-donoM kArya hote haiN| guNaratna (rayaNa) saMvatsara tapa-jisa tapa meM vizeSa nirjarA (guNa) kI racanA (utpatti) hotI hai yA jisa tapa meM nirjarA rUpa vizeSa ratnoM se vArSika samaya bItatA hai| isa krama meM tapo dina eka varSa se kucha adhika hote haiM; ataH saMvatsara kahalAtA hai| isake krama meM prathama mAsa meM ekAntara upavAsa ; dvitIya mAsa meM SaSTha bhakta ; isa prakAra kramazaH bar3hate hue solahaveM mahIne meM solaha-solaha kA tapa kiyA jAtA hai| tapaH-kAla meM dina meM urakuTukAsana se sUryAbhimukha hokara AtApanA lI jAtI hai aura rAta meM vIrAsana se vastra-rahita rahA jAtA hai / tapa meM 13 mAsa 7 dina lagate haiM aura isa avadhi meM 76 dina pAraNe ke hote haiN| (citra pariziSTa-2 ke anta meM dekheM) guNavata-zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM meM se chaTThA, sAtavAM aura AThavAM guNavrata kahalAtA hai| dekheM, bAraha vrt| guru cAturmAsika prAyazcitta-prAyazcitta kA eka prakAra, jisameM cAra mahIne kI sAdhu paryAya kA cheda-alpIkaraNa hotA hai| guru mAsika prAyazcitta-prAyazcita kA eka prakAra, jisameM eka mahIne kI sAdhu-paryAya kA cheda-alpIkaraNa hotA hai| ___ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa:1 gurulaghu-choTApana aura bar3Apana / preveyaka dekheM, dev| gocarI-jaina muniyoM kA vidhivat AhAra-yAcana / bhikSATana / maadhukrii| gotra karma-jisa karma ke udaya se jIva ucca-nIca zabdoM se abhihita kiyA jAye / jAti, kula, .. bala, rUpa, tapasyA, zruta, lAbha, aizvarya Adi kA ahaM na karanA ucca gotra karma-bandha ke . nimitta banatA hai aura inakA ahaM nIca gotra karma-bandha kA nimitta banatA hai| gyAraha pratimA-upAsakoM ke abhigraha vizeSa gyAraha pratimAe~ kahalAte haiM / unake mAdhyama se upAsaka kramaza: AtmAbhimukha hotA hai / ye kramaza: isa prakAra haiM : 1. darzana pratimA-samaya 1 mAsa / dharma meM pUrNataH ruci honA / samyaktva ko vizuddha rakhate hue usake doSoM kA varjana krnaa| 2. vrata mahimA-samaya 2 mAsa / pA~ca aNuvrata aura tIna guNavrata ko svIkAra karanA tathA pauSadhopavAsa krnaa| 3. sAmAyaka pratimA-samaya 3 mAsa / sAmAyaka aura dezAvakAzika vrata svIkAra krnaa| 4. pauSadha pratimA-samaya 4 mAsa / aSTamI, caturdazI, amAvasyA aura pUrNimA ko pratipUrNa pauSadha krnaa| 5. kAyotsarga pratimA-samaya 5 mAsa / rAtri ko kAyotsarga karanA / nasana na karanA, rAtri-bhojana na karanA, dhotI kI lAMga na lagAnA, dina meM brahmacArI rahanA aura rAta meM abrahmacarya kA parimANa karanA / 6. brahmacarya pratimA-samaya 6 mAsa / pUrNa brahmacarya kA pAlana / 7. sacitta pratimA-samaya 7 mAsa / sicitta AhAra kA parityAga / 8. Arambha pratimA-samaya 8 mAsa / svayaM Arambha-samArambha na krnaa| 6. preSya pratimA-samaya 6 mAsa / naukara Adi anya janoM se bhI Arambha-samArambha na krvaanaa| 10. uddiSTa varjana pratimA-samaya 10 mAsa / uddiSTa bhojana kA parityAga / isa avadhi meM upAsaka kezoM kA kSura se muNDana karatA hai yA zikhA dhAraNa karatA hai| ghara se sambandhita prazna kiye jAne para "maiM jAnatA hU~ yA nahIM' inhIM do vAkyoM se adhika nahIM boltaa| 11. zramaNa bhUta pratimo-samaya 11 mAsa / isa avadhi meM upAsaka kSura se muNDana yA loca karatA hai / sAdhu kA AcAra, veSa evaM bhaNDopakaraNa dhAraNa karatA hai| kevala jJAtivarga se usakA prema-bandhana nahIM TUTatA ; ataH vaha bhikSA ke lie jJAtijanoM meM hI jAtA hai| agalI pratimAoM meM pUrva pratimAoM kA pratyAkhyAna tadvat Avazyaka hai| pAtIkarma-jaina dharma ke anusAra saMsAra paribhramaNa ke hetu karma haiN| mithyAtva, avirata pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ke nimitta se jaba Atma-pradezoM meM kampana hotA hai taba jisa kSetra meM ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariziSTa : 2 jaina pAribhASika zabda-koza Atma-pradeza hote haiM, usI pradeza meM rahe hue anantAnanta karma yogya padgala AtmA ke sAtha kSIra nIravat sambandhita hote haiN| una pudgaloM ko karma kahA jAtA hai| karma ghAtI aura aghAtI mukhyataH do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hote haiN| AtmA ke jJAna Adi svAbhAvika guNoM kA ghAta kahalAte haiM / ve cAra haiM : 1. jJAnAvaraNIya, 2. darzanAvaraNIya, 3. mohanIya aura 4. antraay| cakraratna --cakravartI ke caudaha ratnoM meM pahalA ratna / isakI dhAra svarNamaya hotI hai, mAre lohitAkSa ratla ke hote haiM aura nAbhi vajraratnamaya hotI hai / sarvAkAra paripUrNa aura divya hotA hai / jisa dizA meM yaha cala par3atA hai, cakravartI kI senA usakI anugAminI hotI hai| eka dina meM jahA~ jAkara vaha rukatA hai, yojana kA vahI mAna hotA hai / cakra ke prabhAva se bahuta sAre rAjA binA yuddha kiye hI aura kucha rAjA yuddha kara cakravartI ke anugAmI ho jAte haiN| cakravartI-cakraratna kA dhAraka va apane yuga kA sarvottama ilAdhya puruss| pratyeka avasarpiNI utsapiNI kAla meM tirasaTha zalAkA puruSa hote haiM-caubIsa tIrthakara, bAraha cakravartI, nau-nau vAsudeva, baladeva aura nau prativAsadeva / cakravartI bharata kSetra ke chaha khaNDa kA eka mAtra adhipati-prazAsaka hotA hai / cakravartI ke caudaha ratna hote haiM-1. cakra, 2. chatra, 3. daNDa, 4. asi, 5. maNi, 6. kAkiNI, 7. carma, 8. senApati, 6. gAthApati, 10. varSakI, 11. purohita, 12. strI, 13. azva aura 14. gaja / nava nidhiyAM bhI hotI caccara-jahA~ cAra se adhika mArga milate haiN| caturgati-naraka, tiryaJca, manuSya aura deva Adi bhavoM meM Atma kI saMsRti / caturdazapUrva-utpAda, agrAyaNIya, vIryapravAda, astinAsti pravAda, jJAna pravAda, satya pravAda, Atma pravAda, karma pravAda, pratyAkhyAna pravAda, vidyA pravAda, kalyANa, prANAvAya, kriyA vizAla, lokbindusaar| ye caudaha pUrva dRSTivAda nAmaka bArahaveM aMga ke antargata haiM / crm-antim| cAturyAma-cAra mahAvrata / prathama tIrthaGkara aura antima tIrthaGkara ke atirikta madhyavartI bAIsa tIrthaGkaroM ke samaya pA~ca mahAvratoM kA samAveza cAra mahAvratoM meM hotA hai| caraNa Rddhidhara-dekheM, jaMghAcAraNa, vidyAcAraNa / cAritra-Atma-vizuddhi ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA prakRSTa upaSTambha / cauvaha ratna-dekheM, ckrvrtii| caudaha vidyA-SaDaMga (1. zikSA, 2. kalpa, 3. vyAkaraNa, 4. chanda, 5. jyotiSa aura 6.' nirukta), cAra veda (1. Rg, 2. yaju, 3. sAma aura 4. atharva), 11. mImAMsA 12." AnvIkSikI, 13. dharmazAstra aura 14. purANa / caubIsI-avasarpiNI yA utsarpiNI meM hone vAle caubIsa tiirthngkr| cha? (SaSTha) (ma) tapa-do dina kA upavAsa, belaa| 2010_05

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556 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 chapastha-ghAtIkarma ke udaya ko chadma kahate haiM / isa avasthA meM sthita AtmA chamastha kahalAtI hai| jaba taka AtmA ko kevalajJAna kI prApti nahIM hotI, taba taka vaha chadmastha hI kahalAtI jaMghAcaraNa labdhi- aSTama (telA) tapa karane vAle bhikSu ko yaha divya zakti prApta ho sakatI hai / jaMghA se sambandhita kisI eka vyApAra se tiryak dizA kI eka hI ur3Ana meM vaha terahaveM rucakavara dvIpa taka pahu~ca sakatA hai| punaH lauTatA huA vaha eka kadama AThaveM nandIzvara dvIpa para rakha kara dUsare dvIpa meM jambUdvIpa ke usI sthAna para pahu~ca sakatA hai; jahA~ se ki vaha calA thaa| yadi vaha ur3Ana Urdhva dizA kI ho to eka hI chalAMga meM vaha meruparvata ke pANDuka udyAna taka pahu~ca sakatA hai aura lauTate samaya eka kadama nandanavana meM rakha kara dUsare kadama meM jahAM se calA thA, vahIM pahu~ca sakatA hai| jambUdvIpa--asaMkhya dvIpa aura asaMkhya samudra haiN| pratyeka dvIpa ko samudra aura samudra ko dvIpa ghere hue hai| jambUdvIpa una sabake madhya meM hai / yaha pUrva se pazcima aura uttara se dakSiNa ekaeka lAkha yojana hai| isameM sAta varSakSetra haiM-1. bharata, 2. haimavata, 3. hari, 4. videha, 5. ramyak 6. hairaNyavata aura 7. airAvata / bharata dakSiNa meM, airAvata uttara meM aura videha (mahAvideha) pUrva va pazcima meM hai| jalloSaSa labdhi-tapasyA vizeSa se prApta hone vAlI eka divya zakti / tapasvI ke kAnoM, A~khoM aura zarIra ke maila se samasta roga naSTa ho jAte haiN| jAtismaraNa jJAna-pUrva-janma kI smati karAne vAlA jJAna / isa jJAna ke bala para vyakti eka se no pUrva-janmoM ko jAna sakatA hai / eka mAnyatA ke anusAra nau sau bhaba taka bhI jAna sakatA hai| jina-rAga-dveSa-rUpa zatruoM ko jItane vAlI aatmaa| arhat, tIrthaGkara Adi isake paryAya vAcI haiN| jinakalpika-gaccha se asambaddha hokara utkRSTa cAritra-sAdhanA ke lie prayatnazIla honaa| yaha AcAra jina tIrthaGkaroM ke AcAra ke sadRza kaThora hotA hai| ataH jinakalpa kahA jAtA hai| isameM sAdhaka araNya Adi ekAnta sthAna meM ekAkI rahatA hai| roga Adi ke upAzamana ke lie prayatna nahIM krtaa| zIta, grISma Adi prAkRtika kaSToM se vicalita nahIM hotaa| deva, manuSya, tiryaJca Adi ke upasargoM se bhIta ho kara apanA mArga nahIM badalatA / abhigrahapUrvaka bhikSA letA hai aura aharniza dhyAna va kAyotsarga meM lIna rahatA hai| yaha sAdhanA saMhananayukta sAdhaka ke dvArA viziSTa jJAna-sampanna hone ke anantara hI kI jA sakatI hai| jina-mArga-jina dvArA prarUpita dharma / bItAcAra-pAramparika AcAra / jIva-paMcendriya praannii| sambhaka-ye deva svecchAcArI hote haiM / sadaiva pramoda-yukta, atyanta krIr3AzIla, rati-yukta aura kuzIlarata rahate haiN| jisa vyakti para kruddha ho jAte haiM, usakA apayaza karate haiM aura jo 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariziSTa 2 : jaina pAribhASika zabda-koza inako tuSTa rakhatA hai, usako yaza pradAna karate haiN| ye dasa prakAra ke hote haiM-1. anna jammaka, 2. pAna jRmbhaka, 3. vastra jRmbhaka 4. gRha jambhaka, 5. zayana jRmbhaka, 6. puSpa jRmbhaka 7. phala jRmbhaka, 8. puSpa-phala jammaka, 6. vidyAjRmbhaka aura 10. avyakta jambhaka / bhojana Adi meM abhAva aura sadbhAva karanA, alpatA aura adhikatA karanA, sarasatA aura nIrasatA karanA; jRmbhaka devoM kA kArya hotA hai / dIrgha vaitADhya, citra, vicitra, yamaka, samaka aura kAJcana parvatoM meM inakA nivAsa rahatA hai aura eka palyopama kI sthiti hai| lokapAloM kI AjJAnusAra ye trikAla (prAtaH madhyAhna, sAyaM) jambUdvIpa meM pherI lagAte haiM aura anna, pAnI, vastra, suvarNAdi dhAtu, makAna, puSpa, phala, vidyA va sarvasAdhAraNa vastuoM kI rakSA karate haiM / ye vyantara haiN| jyotiSka--dekheM, dev| jJAna-sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka padArtha ke sAmAnya dharmoM ko gauNa kara kevala vizeSa dharmoM ko grahaNa krnaa| jJAnAvaraNIya karma-AtmA ke jJAna guNa (vastu ke vizeSa avabodha) ko AcchAdita karane vAlA krm| tasva-hArda / tamaHpramA-dekheM, naraka / tAlapuTa viSa-tAlI bajAne meM jitanA samaya lagatA hai, utane hI samaya meM prANanAza karane vAlA viSa / tiryak gati-tiryaJca gati / tIrthaGkara-tIrtha kA pravartana karane vAle Apta puruss| tIrthaGkara gotra nAmakarma-jisa nAma karma ke udaya se jIva tIrthaGkara rUpa meM utpanna hotA hai| tIrtha-jisase saMsAra samudra tairA jA ske| tIrthaGkaroM kA upadeza, usako dhAraNa karane vAle gaNadhara va jJAna, darzana, cAritra ko dhAraNa karane vAle sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka tathA zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha saMgha ko bhI tIrtha kahA jAtA hai| tIrthaGkara kevalajJAna prApta karane ke anantara hI upadeza karate haiM aura usase prerita ho kara bhavya jana sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka aura bhAvikAeM banate haiN| tRtIya sapta ahorAtra pratimA-sAghu dvArA sAta dina taka cauvihAra ekAntara upavAsa; goduhAsana, vIrAsana yA AmrakubjAsana (Amra-phala kI taraha vakrAkAra sthiti meM baiThanA) se prAmAdi se bAhara koyotsarga krnaa| tejolezyA-uSNatA-pradhAna eka saMhAraka zakti (labdhi) vizeSa / yaha zakti vizeSa tapa se hI prApta kI jA sakatI hai / chaha mahIne taka nirantara chaTha-chaTha tapa kre| pAraNe meM nAkhUnasahita muTThI bhara ur3ada ke bAkule aura kevala cullU bhara pAnI grahaNa kare / AtApanA bhUmi meM sUrya ke sammukha UrdhvamukhI ho kara AtApanA le| isa anuSThAna ke anantara tejolezyA prApta hotI hai| jaba vaha aprayogakAla meM hotI hai, 'saMkSipta' kahalAtI hai aura prayoga-kAla meM vipula' (vistIrNa) kahalAtI hai| isa zakti ke bala para vyakti 1. aMga, 2. baMga, ____ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [ khaNDa : 1 3. magadha, 4. malaya, 5. mAlava, 6. accha, 7. vatsa, 8 kautsa, 6. pATha, 10. lATa, 11. vaStra, 12. mauli, 13. kAzI, 14. kauzala, 15. avAdha, 16. saMbhuttara Adi solaha dezoM kI ghAta, vadha, uccheda tathA bhasma karane meM samartha ho sakatA hai / tejolezyA ke pratighAta ke lie jisa zakti kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, use zIta tejolezyA kahA jAtA hai / 558 mAstra - guru- sthAnIya deva | tridaNDI tApasa mana, vacana aura kAya rUpa tInoM daNDoM se daNDita hone vAlA tApasa / darzana - sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka padArtha ke sAmAnya dharmoM ko gauNa kara kevala vizeSa dharmoM ko grahaNa karanA / daza ma tapa-cAra dina kA upavAsa, colA / dikkumAriyA~ -- tIrthaMkaroM kA prasUti karma karane vAlI deviyaaN| inakI saMkhyA 56 hotI hai / inake AvAsa bhI bhinna-bhinna hote haiM / ATha adholoka meM, ATha Urdhvaloka- - meruparvata para, ATha pUrva rucakAdri para ATha dakSiNa rucakAdri para ATha pazcima rucakAdri para, ATha uttara rucakAdri para, cAra vidizA ke rucaka parvata para aura cAra rucaka dvIpa para rahatI haiM / digvirati vrata - yaha jaina zrAvaka kA chaTTA vrata hai / isameM zrAvaka dasa dizAoM meM maryAdA uparAnta gamanAgamana karane kA tyAga karatA hai / dizAcara - patha bhraSTa ( patita ) ziSya / duH Sama- suSama - avasarpiNI kAla kA cauthA ArA, jisameM duHkha kI adhikatA aura sukha kI alpatA hotI hai / beva - aupapAtika prANI / ye cAra prakAra ke hote haiM - 1. bhuvanapati, 2. vyantara, 3. jyotiSka aura 4. vaimAnika / 1. bhuvanapati - ratnaprabhA kI moTAI meM bAraha antara haiN| pahale do khAlI haiN| zeSa dasa meM rahane vAle 1. asurakumAra, 2. nAgakumAra, 3. suparNakumAra, 4. vidyatkumAra, 5. agnikumAra, 6. dvIpakumAra, 7. udadhikumAra, 8 dikkumAra, 6. vAyukumAra aura 10. stanitakumAra deva / ye bAlaka kI taraha manorama krAnti se yukta haiM; ataH inake nAma ke sAtha kumAra zabda saMyukta hai| inake AvAsa bhuvana kahalAte haiM; ataH ye deva bhuvanapati haiM / 2. vyantara - pizAca, bhUta, yakSa, rAkSasa, kinnara, kiMpuruSa, mahoraga, gandharva Adi / 3. jyotiSka ---- candramA, sUrya, graha, nakSatra, tArA / 4. vaimAnika -- vaimAnika deva do prakAra ke hote haiM-- 1. kalpopapanna aura 2. kalpAtIta / kalpa kA tAtparya hai - samudAna, sanniveza, vimAna jitanI phailI huI pRthvI, AcAra; indra sAmAnika Adi ke rUpa meM bandhI huI vyavasthita maryAdA / ve bAraha haiM - 1. saudharma, 2. IzAna, 3. sanatkumAra, 4. mAhendra, 5. brahma, 6. lAMtaka, zukra, 8. sahasrAra hai, Anata 10. prANata, 11. AraNa aura 12. acyuta / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariziSTa-2 : jaina pAribhASika zabda-koza 556 saudharma aura IzAna meruparvata se Der3ha rajjU Upara kramaza: dakSiNa aura uttara meM samAnAntara haiN| sanatkumAra aura mAhendra bhI saudharma aura IzAna ke Urdhva bhAga meM samAnAntara haiM / brahma, lAtaMka, zukra aura sahasrAra unake Upara kramazaH eka-eka haiM / Anata aura prANata donoM samAnAntara haiM / AraNa va acyuta bhI unake Upara samAnAntara haiN| kalpopapanna devoM kA Ayu-parimANa isa prakAra hai : 1. jaghanya eka palyopama va utkRSTa do sAgaropama, 2. jaghanya sAdhika eka palyopama va utkRSTa sAdhika do sAgara, 3. jaghanya do sAgara va utkRSTa sAta sAgara, 4. jaghanya sAdhika do sAgara va utkRSTa sAdhika sAta sAgara, 5. jaghanya sAta sAgara va utkRSTa dasa sAgara, 6. jaghanya dasa sAgara va utkRSTa caudaha sAgara, 7. jaghanya caudaha sAgara va utkRSTa sataraha sAgara, 8. jaghanya sataraha sAgara va utkRSTa aThAraha sAgara, 6. jaghanya aThAraha sAgara va utkRSTa unnIsa sAgara, 10. jaghanya unnIsa sAgara va utkRSTa bIsa sAgara, 11. jaghanya bIsa sAgara va utkRSTa ikkIsa sAgara, 12. jaghanya ikkIsa sAgara va utkRSTa bAIsa sAgara / kalpAtIta kA tAtparya hai-jahA~ choTe-bar3e kA bheda-bhAva nahIM hai| sabhI ahamindra haiN| ve do bhAgoM meM vibhakta haiM : 1. veyaka aura 2. anuttara / AgamoM ke anusAra loka kA paira phailAye sthita manuSya kI taraha hai| veyaka kA sthAna grIvA-gardana ke pAsa hai; ataH unheM naiveyaka kahA jAtA hai / ve nau haiM : 1. bhadra, 2. subhadra, 3. sujAta, 4. saumanasa, 5. priyadarzana, 6. sudarzana, 7. amogha, 8. supratibuddha aura 6. yazodhara / inake tIna trika haiM aura pratyeka trika meM tIna svarga haiN| 2. anuttara-svarga ke saba vimAnoM meM ye zraSTha haiM; ataH inheM anuttara kahA jAtA hai| inakI saMkhyA pAMca hai : 1. vijaya, 2. vaijayanta, 3. jayanta, 4. aparAjita aura 5. sarvArthasiddha / cAra cAroM dizAoM meM haiM aura sarvArthasiddha una saba ke bIca meM hai| 12 svarga kalpopapanna ke aura 14 svarga kalpAtIta ke haiN| inakI kula saMkhyA 26 hai / , saba meM hI uttarottara sAta bAtoM kI vRddhi aura cAra bAtoM kI hInatA hai| sAta bAteM isa prakAra haiM : 1. sthiti-aayussy| 2. prabhAva-ruSTa ho kara duHkha denA, anugrahazIla ho kara sukha pahu~cAnA aNimAmahimA Adi siddhiyA~ aura balapUrvaka dUsaroM se kAma karavAnA-cAroM hI prakAra kA yaha prabhAva uttarottara adhika hai, kintu kaSAya mandatA ke kAraNa ve usakA upayoga nahIM karate haiN| 3. sukha-indriyoM dvArA iSTa viSayoM kA anubhava rUpa sukha / 4. dyuti-zarIra aura vastrAbhUSaNoM kI kAnti / 5. lezyA vizuddhi-pariNAmoM kI pvitrtaa| 2010_05

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560 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 6. indriya-viSaya-iSTa zabda-rUpa Adi indriyaja-viSayoM ko dUra se grahaNa karane kI zakti / 7. avadhi-avadhi va vibhaMga-jJAna se jAnane kI zakti / cAra bAteM isa prakAra haiM, jo kramazaH hIna hotI jAtI haiM : 1. gati-gamana karane kI zakti evaM prvRtti| uttarottara mahAnubhAvatA, udAsInatA ___ aura gambhIratA adhika hai| 2. zarIra-avagAhanA-zarIra kI uuNcaaii| 3. parivAra-vimAna tathA sAmAnika Adi deva-deviyoM kA parivAra / 4. abhimAna--sthAna, parivAra, zakti, viSaya, vibhUti evaM Ayu kA ahNkaar| revAdhideva-dekheM, arihanta / dezAvratI-vratoM kA sarvarUpeNa nahIM, apitu kisI aMza meM pAlana karane vaalaa| yaliMgI-kevala bAhya vess-bhuussaa| dvAdaza pratimA-dekheM, bhikSu pratimA / vAzAMgI-tIrthaGkaroM kI vANI kA gaNadharoM dvArA granya rUpa meM hone vAlA saMkalana aMga kahalAtA hai| ve saMkhyA meM bAraha hote haiM, ataH usa sampUrNa saMkalana ko dvAdazAMgI kahA jAtA hai / puruSa ke zarIra meM jisa prakAra mukhya rUpa se do paira, do jaMghAe~, do uru, do gAtrAI (pAva), do bAhu, eka gardana aura eka mastaka hotA hai| usI prakAra zruta-rUpa puruSa ke bhI bAraha aMga haiN| unake nAma haiM : 1. AbhAruga, 2. suyagaDAMga 3. ThANAMga, 4. samavAyAMga, 5. vivAhapaNNattI (bhagavatI), 6. SAyAdhamma kahAMga 7. uvAsagadasAMga, 1. antagaDadasAMga 6. aNuttaro vavAiya, 10. paNhAvAgaraNa, 11. vipAka aura 12. didvivaay| hitIva sapta ahorAtra pratimA-sAdhu dvArA sAta dina taka cauvihAra ekAntara upavAsa, utkuTaka, lagaNDazAyI (kevala sira aura er3iyoM kA pRthvI para sparza ho, isa prakAra pITha ke bala leTanA) yA daNDAyata (sIdhe daNDe kI taraha leTanA) hokara grAmAdi se bAhara koyotsarga krnaa| dvimAsikI se sapta mAsikI pratimA-sAdhu dvArA do mAsa, tIna mAsa, cAra mAsa, pA~ca mAsa, chaha mAsa, sAta mAsa taka AhAra-pAnI kI kramazaH do, tIna, cAra, pA~ca, chaha, sAta datti grahaNa karane kI pratijJA / nandIzvara dvIpa--jambUdvIpa se AThavA~ dvIpa / nasotyuNaM-arihanta aura siddha kI stuti| naraka-adholoka ke ve sthAna, jahA~ ghora pApAcaraNa karane vAle jIva apane pApoM kA phala bhogane ke lie utpanna hote haiM, naraka sAta haiM 1. ratna prabhA-kRSNavarNa bhayaMkara ratnoM se pUrNa, 2. zarkarA prabhA-bhAle, barachI Adi se bhI adhika tIkSNa kaMkaroM se paripUrNa / 3. bAlukA prabhA-mar3abhUje kI bhAr3a kI uSNa bAlU se bhI adhika uSNa baaluu| 2010_05

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pariziSTa- 2 : jaina pAribhASika zabda-koza 4. paMka prabhA -- rakta, mAMsa aura pIva jaise kIcar3a se vyApta / 5. dhUmra prabhA - rAI, mirca ke dhue~ se bhI adhika khAre dhue~ se paripUrNa / 6. tamaH prabhA - ghora andhakAra se paripUrNa / 7. mahAtamaH prabhA -- ghorAtighora andhakAra se pUripUrNa / itihAsa aura paramparA ] nAgendra - bhuvanapati devoM kI eka nikAya kA svAmI / dekheM, deva / nikAcita - jina karmoM kA phala bandha ke anusAra nizcita hI bhogA jAtA hai / yaha saba karaNoM ke ayogya kI avasthA hai / nityapiNDa - pratidina eka ghara se AhAra lenA / nidAna -- dekheM, zalya ke antargata nidAna zalya | nirgrantha pravacana - tIrthaGkara praNIta jaina Agama / nirjarA - tapasyA ke dvArA karma-mala ke uccheda se hone vAlI Atma-ujjvalatA / nirdhArima- dekheM, pAdopagamana / nihnava - tIrthaGkaroM dvArA praNIta siddhAntoM kA apalApaka / nairayika bhAva -- naraka kI paryAya / paMcamuSTika laM. cana - mastaka ko pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara bAloM kA luMcana karanA / pA~ca divya - kevaliyoM ke AhAra grahaNa karane ke samaya prakaTa hone vAlI pA~ca vibhUtiyA~ / 1. nAnA ratna, 2. vastra, 3. gandhodaka, 4. phUloM kI varSA aura 5. devatAoM dvArA divya ghoSa / paNDita maraNa - sarvavrata dazA meM samAdhi maraNa / - 561 padAnusArI labdhi - tapasyA - vizeSa se prApta hone vAlI eka divya shkti| isake anusAra Adi, madhya yA anta ke kisI eka padya kI zruti yA jJapti mAtra se samagra grantha kA avabodha ho jAtA hai / parISaha -- sAdhu - jIvana meM vividha prakAra se hone vAle zArIrika kaSTa / paryAya- padArthoM kA badalatA huA svarUpa / palpama - eka dina se sAta dina kI Ayu vAle uttara kuru meM paidA hue yaugalikoM ke kezoM ke asaMkhya khaNDa kara eka yojana pramANa gaharA, lambA va caur3A kuA ThasAThasa bharA jAye / vaha itanA dabA kara bharA jAye, jisase agni use jalA na sake, pAnI bhItara ghusa na sake aura cakravartI kI sArI senA bhI usa para se gujara jAye to bhI vaha aMza mAtra lacaka na khaaye| hara sau varSa pazcAt usa kue meM eka keza khaNDa nikAlA jAye / jitane samaya meM vaha kuA khAlI hogA, utane samaya ko palyopama kahA jAyeMgA | pAdopagamana - anazana kA vaha prakAra, jisameM sAdhu dvArA dUsaroM kI sevAoM kA aura svayaM kI ceSTAoM kA tyAga kara pAdapa vRkSa kI taraha nizceSTa ho kara rahanA / isameM cAroM AhAroM kA tyAga Avazyaka hai / yaha do prakAra kA hai -- 1. nirdhArima aura 2. aniharima | 2010_05

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562 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 1. niyarima-jo sAdhu upAzraya meM pAdopagamana anazana karate haiM, mRtyuparAnta unakA zava saMskAra ke lie upAzraya se bAhara lAyA jAtA hai| ataH vaha deha-tyAga nirjharima kahalAtA hai| nirhAra kA tAtparya hai-bAhara nikaalnaa| 2. anirhArima-jo sAdhu araNya meM hI pAdopagamana pUrvaka deha-tyAga karate haiM, unakA zava saMskAra ke lie kahIM bAhara nahIM le jAyA jAtA; ata: vaha deha-tyAga anirhArima kahalAtA hai / pApa-azubha karma-pudgala / upacAra se pApa ke hetu bhI pApa kahalAte haiN| pAriNAmikI buddhi--dIrghakAlIna anubhavoM ke AdhAra para prApta hone vAlI buddhi / pArzvastha-kevala sAdhu kA veSa dhAraNa kiye rahanA, para AcAra kA yathAvat pAlana nahIM krnaa| pArzvanAtha-saMtAnIya-bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke / puNya-zubha karma-pudgala / upacAra se jisa nimitta se puNya-bandha hotA hai, vaha bhI puNya kahA jAtA hai| pauSaSa (povAsa)-eka ahorAtra ke lie cAroM prakAra ke AhAra aura pApa pUrNa pravRttiyoM kA tyaag| prajJapti Adi vidyA-1. prajJapti, 2. rohiNI, 3. vajrazrRMkhalA, 4. kulizAGkazA, 5. cakrezvarI, 6. naradattA, 7. kAlI, 8. mahAkAlI, 6. gaurI, 10. gAndhArI, 11. sarvAstramahAjvAlA, 12. mAnavI, 13. vairoyyA, 14. acchuptA, 15. mAnasI aura 16. mahAmAnasikA-ye solaha vidyA deviyA~ haiN| praticodanA-mata se pratikUla vcn| pratisAraNA-mata se pratikUla siddhAnta kA smaraNa / pratyAkhyAna-tyAga karanA / pratyupavAra-tiraskAra / prathama sapta ahorAtra pratimA-sAdhu dvArA sAta dina taka cauvihAra ekAntara upavAsa; uttAnaka yA kisI pAzrva se zayana yA pAlathI lagAkara nAmAdi se bAhara kAyotsarga krnaa| pravacana-prabhAvanA-nAnA prayatnoM se dharma-zAsana kI prabhAvanA krnaa| pravatinI-AcArya dvArA nirdiSTa vayAvRttva Adi dhArmika kAryoM meM sAdhvI-samAja ko pravRtta karane vAlI sAdhvI -prabhutvA / pravRtta parihAra (pArivRtya parihAra). zarIrAntara praveza / pravRtti vAduka-samAcAroM ko prApta karane vAlA vizeSa karmakara puruSa / prANa-dvIndriya (laTa, alasiyA Adi), trIndriya (jU, cIMTI Adi) aura caturindriya (TIDa, pataMga, bhramara Adi) prANI / jIva kA paryAyavAcI zabda / prANata-dasavAM svarga / dekheM, deva / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariziSTa-2 : jaina pAribhASika zabda-koza prAyazcitta-sAdhanA meM lage dUSaNa kI vizuddhi ke lie hRdaya se pazcAttApa krnaa| yaha dasa prakAra se kiyA jAtA hai| 1. AlocanA-lage doSa ko guru yA ratnAdhika ke samakSa yathAvat nivedana krnaa| 2. pratikramaNa-sahasA lage doSI ke lie sAdhaka dvArA svataH prAyazcita karate hue ___ kahanA-merA pApa mithyA ho| 3. tadubhaya-AlocanA aura pratikramaNa / 4. viveka-anajAna meM AdhAkarma doSa se yukta AhAra Adi A jAye to jJAta hote __ hI use upabhoga meM na lekara usakA tyAga kara denaa| 5. kAyotsarga-ekAgra hokara zarIra kI mamatA kA tyaag| 6. tapa.. anazana Adi bAhya tp| 7. cheda-dIkSA-paryAya ko kama krnaa| isa prAyazcitta ke anusAra jitanA samaya kama kiyA jAtA hai, usa avadhi meM dIkSita choTe sAdhu dIkSA paryAya meM usa doSI sAtha se bar3e ho jAte haiN| 8. muul-punrdiikssaa| 6. anavasthApya-tapa vizeSa ke pazcAt punrdiikssaa| 10, pAraJcika-saMgha-bahiSkRta sAdhu dvArA eka avadhi vizeSAtaka sAdhu-veSa parivartita kara jana-jana ke bIca apanI Atma-nindA krnaa| prItivAna-zuma saMvAda lAne vAle karmakara ko diyA jAne vAlA dAna / bandha-AtmA ke sAtha karma-pudgaloM kA ghaniSTha sambandha / baladeva-vAsudeva ke jyeSTha vimAtR bandhu / pratyeka avasarpiNI-utsarpiNI kAla meM nau-nau hote haiN| inakI mAtA cAra svapna dekhatI hai| vAsudeva kI mRtyu ke bAda dIkSA lekara ghora tapasyA Adi ke dvArA Atma-sAdhanA karate haiN| kucha mokSa jAte haiM aura kucha svargagAmI hote haiN| bAvara kAya yoga-sthUla kAyika pravRtti / bAdara mana yoga-sthUla mAnasika pravRtti / bAvara vacana yoga-sthUla vAcila pravRtti / bAla tapasvI-ajJAna pUrvaka tapa kA anuSThAna karane vaalaa| bAlamaraNa-ajJAna dazA-avirata dazA meM mRtyu / belA-do dina kA upavAsa / brahmaloka-pAMcavAM svarga / dekheM, deva / bhakta-pratyAkhyAna-upadrava hone para yA na hone para bhI jIvana-paryanta tIna yA cAra AhAra kA tyaag| bhatra pratimA-dhyAnapUrvaka tapa karane kA eka prakAra / pUrva, dakSiNa, pazcima aura uttara dizA kI ora mukha kara kramaza: pratyeka dizA meM cAra-cAra prahara taka dhyAna karanA / yaha pratimA do dina kI hotI hai| bhavasiddhika-mokSa-prApti kI yogyatA vAle jIva / 2010_05

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564 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 bhavya-dekheM, bhvsiddhik| mAva-maulika svruup| vicAra / bhAvitAtmA-~-saMyama meM lIna zuddha aatmaa| bhikSa pratimA-sAdhuoM dvArA abhigraha vizeSa se tapa kA aacrnn| ye pratimAe~ bAraha hotI haiN| pahalI pratimA kA samaya eka mAsa kA hai| dUsarI kA samaya do kA, tIsarI kA tIna mAsa, cauthI kA cAra mAsa, pAMcavIM kA pAMca mAsa, chaThI kA chaha mAsa, sAtavIM kA sAta mAsa, AThavIM, navIM, dasavIM kA eka-eka saptAha, gyArahavIM kA eka ahorAtra aura bArahavIM kA samaya eka rAtri kA hai| pahalI pratimA meM AhAra-pAnI kI eka-eka datti, dUsarI meM do-do datti, tIsarI meM tIna-tIna datti, cauthI meM cAra-cAra datti, pA~cavIM meM pAMca-pA~ca datti, chaThI meM chaha-chaha datti, sAtavIM meM sAta-sAta datti, AThavIM, navIM aura dasavIM meM cauvihAra ekAntara aura pAraNe meM AyaMbila, gyArahavIM meM cauvihAra chaThThatapa aura bArahavIM meM aTThamatama Avazyaka hai| AThavIM, navIM, dasavIM, gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM pratimA kA vistRta vivecana dekheM, kramaza: prathama sapta ahorAtra pratimA, dvitIya sapta ahorAtra pratimA, tRtIya sapta ahorAtra pratimA, eka ahorAtra pratimA, eka rAtri pratimA meM / ina pratimAoM ke avalambana meM sAdhu apane zarIra ke mamatva ko sarvathA chor3a detA hai aura kevala Atmika alakha kI ora hI agrasara rahatA hai| dainya bhAva kA parihAra karate hue deva, manuSya aura tiyeca sambandhI upasargoM ko samabhAva se sahatA hai| bhavanapati-dekheM, dev| bhUta-vRkSa Adi prANI / jIva kA paryAyavAcI zabda / maMkha-citra-phalaka hAtha meM rakha kara AjIvikA calAne vAle bhikSAcara / matijJAna-indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se hone vAlA jJAna / mana:paryava-manovargaNA ke anusAra mAnasika avasthAoM kA jJAna / mantha-bera Adi phala kA cUrNa / mahAkalpa-kAla vizeSa / mahAkalpa kA parimANa bhagavatI sUtra meM isa prakAra hai-gaMgA nadI pAMca sau yojana lambI, AdhA yojana vistRta tathA gaharAI meM bhI pA~ca sau dhanuSa haiN| aisI sAta gaMgAoM kI eka mahAgaMgA, sAta mahAgaMgAoM kI eka sAdIna gaMgA, sAta sAdIna gaMgAoM kI eka mRtyu gaMgA, sAta mRtyu gaMgAoM kI eka lohita gaMgA, sAta lohita gaMgAoM kI eka avaMtI gaMgA, sAta avaMtI gaMgAoM kI eka paramAvaMtI gaMgA; isa prakAra pUrvApara saba milA kara eka lAkha sataraha hajAra chaha sau uncAsa gaMgA nadiyA~ hotI haiM / ina gaMgA nadiyoM ke bAlU-kaNa do prakAra ke hote haiM-1. sUkSma aura 2. bAdara / sUkSma kA yahA~ prayojana nahIM hai| bAdara kaNoM meM se sau-sau varSa ke bAda ekaeka kaNa nikAlA jaaye| isa krama se upayukta gaMgA-samudaya jitane samaya meM rikta hotA hai, usa samaya ko mAnasa-sara pramANa kahA jAtA hai / isa prakAra ke tIna lAkha mAnasa-sara pramANoM kA eka mahAkalpa hotA hai| caurAsI lAkha mahAkalpoM kA eka mahAmAnasa hotA hai| mAnasa-sara ke uttama, madhyama aura kaniSTha tIna bheda haiN| majjhimanikAya, sandaka suttanta, 2-3-6 meM caurAsI hajAra mahAkalpa kA parimANa anya prakAra se diyA gayA hai| ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariziSTa-2 : jaina pAribhASika zabda-koza 565 mahAnirgrantha-tIrthaGkara / mahAbhadra pratimA-dhyAnapUrvaka tapa karane kA eka prkaar| cAroM hI dizAoM meM kramazaH eka-eka ahorAtra taka kAyotsarga karanA / mahApratimA tapa-dekheM, eka rAtri prtimaa| mahA viveha kSetra-dekheM, jambUdvIpa / mahAvrata-hiMsA, asatya, steya, abrahmacarya aura parigraha kA manasA, vAcA, karmaNA jIvana paryanta parityAga / hiMsA Adi ko pUrNa tyAga kiye jAne se inheM mahAvrata kahA jAtA hai| gRhasthavAsa kA tyAga kara sAdhanA meM pravRtta hone vAloM kA yaha zIla hai| mahAsiMha niSkrIDita tapa-tapa karane kA eka prkaar| siMha gamana karatA huA jaise pIche mur3a kara dekhatA hai; usI prakAra tapa karate hue Age bar3hanA aura sAtha hI pIche kiyA huA tapa bhI krnaa| yaha mahA aura laghu do prakAra kA hotA hai| prastuta krama meM adhikAdhika solaha dina kA tapa hotA hai aura phira usI krama se utAra hotA hai| samagra tapa meM 1 varSa 6 mahIne aura 18 dina lagate haiN| isa tapa kI bhI cAra paripATI hotI haiN| isakA krama yaMtra ke anusAra calatA hai| (-citra pariziSTa-2 ke anta meM dekheN|) mANDalika rAjA-eka maNDala kA adhipati raajaa| mAnuSottara parvata-jambUdvIpa ko ghere hue lavaNa samudra hai, lavaNa samudra ko ghere hue ghAtakI khaNDa hai, ghAtakIkhaNDa dvIpa ko ghere hue kAlodadhi hai aura kAlodadhi ko ghere hue puSkara dvIpa hai| puSkara dvIpa ke madhvomadhya mAnuSottara parvata hai, jo dvIpa ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta karatA hai| manuSya-loka evaM samaya-kSetra kI sImArekhA bhI yahI parvata banatA hai| isa parvata ke bAhara jaMghAcAraNa, vidyAcAraNa sAdhuoM ke atirikta koI bhI manuSya deva-zakti ke Avalambana binA nahIM jA sktaa| mArga-jJAnAdirUpa mokSa-mArga / mAsikI mikSa-pratimA-sAdhu dvArA eka mahIne taka eka datti (AhAra-pAnI ke grahaNa se sambandhita vidhi vizeSa) AhAra aura eka datti pAnI grahaNa karane kI prtijnyaa| mithyAtva-tattva ke prati viparIta zraddhA / mithyAdarzana zalya-dekheM, zalya / mala guNa-ve vrata, jo cAritrarUpa vRkSa ke mUla (jar3a) ke samAna hote haiM / sAdhu ke lie pAMca __ mahAtrata aura zrAvaka ke lie pA~ca aNuvrata mUla guNa haiN| meruparvata kI cUlikA-jambUdvIpa ke madhya bhAga meM eka lAkha yojana samunnata va svarNa-kAnti maya parvata hai| isI parvata ke Upara cAlIsa yojana kI cUlikA-coTI hai| isI parvata para bhadrazAla, nandana, saumanasa aura pANDuka nAmaka cAra vana haiN| bhadrazAla vana dharatI ke barAbara parvata ko ghere hue hai / pA~ca sau yojanA Upara nandana vana hai, jahA~ krIr3A karane ke lie devatA bhI AyA karate haiM / bAsaTha hajAra pA~ca sau yojana Upara saumanasa vana hai| cUlikA ke cAroM ora phailA huA pANDuka vana hai| usI vana meM svarNamaya cAra zilAyeM haiM, jina para tIrthaGkaroM ke janma-mahotsava hota haiM / ____ 2010_05

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566 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana mokSa - sarvathA karma-kSaya ke anantara AtmA kA apane svarUpa meM adhiSThAna / yavamadhyacandra pratimA - zukla pakSa kI pratipadA se prArambha hokara, candrakalA kI vRddhi-hAni ke anusAra datti kI vRddhi - hAni se yavAkRti meM sampanna hone vAlI eka mAsa kI pratijJA / udAharaNArtha- zukla pakSa kI pratipadA ko eka datti, dvitIyA ko do datti aura isa prakAra kramazaH eka-eka datti bar3hAte hue pUrNimA ko pandraha datti / kRSNa pakSa kI pratipadA ko caudaha datti aura isa prakAra kramazaH eka-eka datti ghaTAte hue caturdazI ko kevala eka datta hI khAnA / amAvasyA ko upavAsa rakhanA / yoga - mana, vacana aura zarIra kI pravRtti / yojana- cAra koza parimita bhU-bhAga / cakravartI bharata ne digvijaya ke lie jaba prasthAna kiyA to cakraratna senA ke Age-Age cala rahA thaa| pahale dina jitanI bhUmi kA avagAna kara vaha ruka gayA, utane pradeza ko taba se yojanA kI saMjJA dI gaI / yaugalika - mAnava sabhyatA se pUrva kI sabhyatA jisameM manuSya yugala rUpa janma letA hai / ve 'yogalika' kahalAte haiM / unakI Avazyaka sAmagniyoM kI pUrti kalpa vRkSa dvArA hotI hai / rajoharaNa -- jaina muniyoM kA eka upakaraNa, jo ki bhUmi pramArjana Adi kAmoM meM AtA hai / rASTriya vaha prAdhikArI, jisakI niyukti prAnta kI dekha-rekha va sAra-sambhAla ke lie kI jAtI hai / rucakara dvIpa - jambUdvIpa se terahavAM dvIpa / --- [ khaNDa : 1 laghu cAturmAsika prAyazcitta - prAyazcita kA eka prakAra, jisameM tapasyA Adi ke mAdhyama se doSa kA zodhana kiyA jAtA hai / laghusiMha niSkrIr3ita tapa-tapa karane kA eka prakAra / siMha gamana karatA huA jaise pIche mur3a kara dekhatA hai, usI prakAra tapa karate hue Age bar3hanA aura sAtha hI pIche kiyA huA tapa bhI karanA / yaha laghu aura mahA do prakAra kA hotA hai| prastuta krama meM adhikAdhika nau dina kI tapasyA hotI hai aura phira usI krama se tapa kA utAra hotA hai / samagra tapa meM 6 mahIne aura 7 dina kA samaya lagatA hai / isa tapa kI bhI cAra paripATI hotI hai / isakA krama yaMtra ke anusAra calatA hai / (= citra pariziSTa - 2 ke anta meM dekheM / ) labdhi - AtmA kI vizuddhi se prApta hone vAlI viziSTa zakti / labdhidhara -1 - viziSTa zakti - sampanna | lAMtaka - chaThA svarga / dekheM, deva / lezyA - yogavargaNA ke antargata pudgaloM kI sahAyatA se hone vAlA Atma-pariNAma | loka dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, kAla, pudgala aura jIva kI abasthiti | lokapAla sImA ke saMrakSaka / pratyeka indra ke cAra-cAra hote haiN| ye mahaddhika hote haiM aura aneka deva deviyoM kA prabhutva karate haiM / lokAntika - pA~caveM brahmasvarga meM chaha pratara haiN| makAnoM meM jaise maMjila hotI hai, vaise hI svargoM meM pratara hote haiN| tIsare ariSTa pratara ke pAsa dakSiNa dizA meM trasanAr3I ke bhItara cAra 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariziSTa-2 : jaina pAribhASika zabda-koza dizAoM meM aura cAra hI vidizAoM meM ATha kRSNa rAjiyAM haiM / lokAntika devoM ke yahIM nau vimAna haiM / ATha vimAna ATha kRSNa rAjiyoM meM haiM aura eka unake madhya bhAga meM hai| unake nAma haiM : 1. arvI, 2. acimAla, 6. vairocana, 4. prabhaMkara, 5. candrAbha, sUryAbha, 7. zukrA bha, 8. supratiSTha, 6. riSTAbha (madhyavartI) / loka ke anta meM rahane ke kAraNa ye lokAntika kahalAte haiN| viSaya-vAsanA se ye prAyaH mukta rahate haiM : ataH devarSi bhI kahe jAte haiM / apanI prAcIna-paramparA ke anusAra tIrthaGkaroM kI dIkSA ke avasara para ye prerita karate haiN| vakrajar3a-zikSita kiye jAne para bhI aneka kutarkoM dvArA paramArtha kI avahelanA karane vAlA tathA vakratA ke kAraNa chalapUrvaka vyavahAra karate hue apanI mUrkhatA ko caturatA ke rUpa meM pradarzita karane vaalaa| vajramadhya candra pratimA-kRSNa pakSa kI pratipadA se prArambha hokara, candrakalA kI hAni-vRddhi ke anupAra, datti kI hAni-vaddhi se vajrAkRti meM sampanna hone vAlI eka mAsa kI prtijnyaa| isake prArambha meM 15 datti aura phira kramazaH ghaTAte hue amAvasthA ko eka datti / zukla pakSa kI pratipadA ko do aura phira kramazaH eka-eka bar3hAte hue caturdazI ko 15 datti aura pUrNimA ko upavAsa / varSAdAna-tIrthaGkaroM dvArA eka varSa taka pratidina diyA jAne vAlA dAna / bAsadeva-pUrvabhava meM kiye gaye nizcita nidAna ke anusAra naraka yA svarga se Akara vAsudeva ke rUpa meM avatarita hote haiN| pratyeka avasarpiNI-utsarpiNI kAla meM ye nau-nau hote haiN| unake garbha meM Ane para mAtA sAta svapna dekhatI hai| zarIra kA karNa kRSNa hotA hai bharata kSetra ke tIna khaNDoM ke ekamAtra adhipati -prazAsaka hote haiN| prati vAsudeva ko mAra kara hI trikhaNDAdhipati hote haiM / inake sAta ratna hote haiM : 1. sudarzana-cakra, 2. amogha khaDga, 3. kaumodakI gadA, 4. dhanuSya amogha bANa, 5. garur3adhvaja ratha, 6. puSpa-mAlA aura 7. kaustubhamaNi / / vikarvaNa labdhi-tapasyA-vizeSa se prApta hone vAlI eka divya zakti / isake anusAra nAnA rUpa banAye jA sakate haiN| zarIra ko dhAge kI taraha itanA sUkSma banAyA jA sakatA hai ki vaha saI ke cheda meM se bhI nikala ske| zarIra ko itanA U~cA banAyA jA sakatA hai ki meruparvata bhI usake ghaTanoM taka raha jaaye| zarIra ko vAyu se bhI adhika halkA aura vajra se bhI bhArI banAyA jA sakatA hai| jala para sthala kI taraha aura sthala para jala kI taraha unmajjana kiyA jA sakatA hai| chidra kI taraha parvata ke bIca se binA rukAvaTa nikalA jA sakatA hai aura pavana kI taraha sarvatra adRzya banA jA sakatA hai| eka hI samaya meM aneka prakAra ke rUpoM se loka ko bharA jA sakatA hai| svatantra va atikrUra prANiyoM ko vaza meM kiyA jA sakatA hai / vijaya anuttara vimAna-dekheM, deva / vidyAcaraNa labdhi-SaSTha (velA) tapa karane vAle bhikSu ko yaha divya zakti prApta ho sakatI hai| zruti-vihita ISat upaSTambha se do ur3Ana meM AThaveM nandIzvara dvIpa taka pahu~cA jA 2010_05

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568 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 sakatA hai| pahalI ur3Ana meM mAnuSottara parvata taka jAyA jA sakatA hai| vApasa lauTate ra eka hI uDAna meM mUla sthAna para pahuMcA jA sakatA hai| isI prakAra Urdhva dizA kI do ur3Ana meM meru taka aura lauTate samaya eka hI ur3Ana meM prasthAna-sthAna taka pahuMcA jA sktaa| viSauSadha labdhi --tapasyA-vizeSa se prApta hone vAlI eka divya shkti| tapasvI ke mala mUtra bhI divya auSadhi kA kAma karate haiN| vibhaMga jJAna-indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA, kevala AtmA ke dvArA rUpI dravyoM ko jAnanA avadhi jJAna hai / mithyAtvI kA yahI jJAna vibhaMga kahalAtA hai| vItarAgatA virASaka-gRhIta vratoM kA pUrNa rUpa se ArAdhana nahIM karane vaalaa| apane duSkRtyoM kA prAyazcitta karane se pUrva hI mRtyu ko prApta ho jAne vaalaa| vainayiko buddhi-guruoM kI sevA-zuzrUSA va vinaya se prApta hone vAlI buddhi / vaimAnika-dekheM, dev| vaiyAvRtti--AcArya, upAdhyAya, zaikSa, glAna, tapasvI, sthavira, sArmika, kula, gaNa aura saMgha kI AhAra Adi se sevA krnaa| vaishrvnn-kuber| jyantara-dekheM, dev| zatapAka tela-vividha oSadhiyoM se bhAvita zata bAra pakAyA gayA athavA jisako pakAne meM zata svarNa-mudrAoM kA vyaya huA ho / zayyAtara-sAdhu jisa vyakti ke makAna meM sote haiM, vaha zayyAtara kahalAtA hai / zalya-jisase pIr3A ho| vaha tIna prakAra kA hai : 1. mAyA zalya-kapaTa-bhAva rkhnaa| aticAra kI mAyA pUrvaka AlocanA karanA yA garu ke samakSa anya rUpa se nivedana karanA, dUsare para jhaThA Aropa lgaanaa| 2. nidAna zalya-rAjA, devatA Adi kI Rddhi ko dekha kara yA suna kara mana meM yaha adhyavasAya karanA ki mere dvArA AcIrNa brahmacarya, tapa Adi anuSThAnoM ke phalasvarUpa mujhe bhI ye RddhiyA~ prApta hoN| 3. mithyAdarzana zalya-viparIta zraddhA kA honaa| zikSAvata-bAra-bAra sevana karane yogya abhyAsa pradhAna vratoM ko zikSAvrata kahate hai| ye cAra haiM : 1. sAmAyika vrata, 2. dezAvakAzika vrata, 3. pauSadhopavAsa vrata aura 4. atithi saMvibhAga vrata / zukla dhyAna-nirmala praNidhAna-samAdhi-avasthA / isake cAra prakAra haiM : 1. pRthaktva vitarka savicAra, 2. ekatva vitarka savicAra. 3. sUkSma kriyA pratipAtI aura 4. samucchinna kriyA nivRtti / / zeSakAla-cAturmAsa ke atirikta kA smy| zailezI avasthA-caudahaveM guNasthAna meM jaba mana, vacana aura kAya yoga kA nirodha ho jAtA hai, taba use zailezI avasthA kahate haiN| isa meM dhyAna kI parAkaSThA ke kAraNa merU sadRza niSprakampatA va nizcalatA AtI hai| 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariziSTa-2 : jaina pAribhASika zabda-koza 566 zrIdevI-cakravartI kI agramahiSI / kada meM cakravartI se kevala cAra aMgula choTI hotI hai| evaM sadA navayauvanA rahatI hai / isake sparzamAtra se rogopazAnti ho jAtI hai| isake santAna nahIM hotii| zruta jJAna--zabda, saMketa Adi dravya zruta ke anusAra dUsaroM ko samajhAne meM sakSama mati jJAna / bhUta bhakti---zraddhAvanata zruta jJAna kA anavadya prasAra va usake prati hone vAlI jana-aruci __ ko dUra krnaa| zleSmauSaSa lagdhi-tapasyA-vizeSa se prApta hone vAlI eka divya zakti / isake anusAra tapasvI kA zleSma yadi kor3hI ke zarIra para bhI malA jAye to usakA kor3ha samApta ho jAtA hai aura zarIra svarNa-varNa ho jAtA hai| SaT mAvazyaka-samyaga jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI ArAdhanA ke lie AtmA dvArA karane yogya kriyA ko Avazyaka kahA jAtA hai| ve chaha haiM : 1. sAmAyaka-samabhAva se rahanA, saba ke sAtha Atmatulya vyavahAra krnaa| 2. caturvizastava-caubIsa tIrthaGkaroM ke guNoM kA bhaktipUrvaka utkIrtana krnaa| 3. vandanA-mana, vacana aura zarIra kA vaha prazasta vyApAra, jisake dvArA pUjyajanoM __ ke prati bhakti aura bahumAna prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai| 4. pratikramaNa-pramAdavaza zubha yoga se azubha yoga kI ora pravRtta ho jAne para punaH zubha yoga kI ora agrasara honaa| isI prakAra azubha yoga se nivRtta hokara uttarottara zubha yoga kI ora pravRtta honA / saMkSepa meM.---apane doSoM kI AlocanA / 5. kAyotsarga-ekAgra hokara zarIra kI mamatA kA tyAga krnaa| 6. pratyAkhyAna-kisI eka avadhi ke lie padArtha-vizeSa kA tyAga / saMkramaNa--sajAtIya prakRtiyoM kA paraspara meM parivartana / saMgha-~~gaNa kA samudaya-do se adhika AcAryoM ke ziSya-samUha / saMjI garbha-manuSya-garbhAvAsa / AjIvikoM kA eka pAribhASika zabda / saMthArA-antima samaya meM AhAra Adi kA prihaar| saMbhinnazrota lagdhi-tapasyA-vizeSa se prApta hone vAlI eka divya zakti / isake anusAra kisI eka hI indriya se pA~coM hI indriyoM ke viSayoM ko yugapat grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai / cakravartI kI senA ke kolAhala meM zaMkha, merI Adi vibhinna vAdhoM ke zora-gula meM * bhI sabhI dhvaniyoM ko pRthak-pRthaka pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| saMyUya nikAya-ananta jIvoM kA samudAya / AjIvikoM kA eka pAribhASika zabda / saMlekhanA-zArIrika tathA mAnasika ekAgratA se kaSAyAdi kA zamana karate hue tapasyA __ krnaa| saMvara-karma grahaNa karane vAle Atma-pariNAmoM kA nirodha / saMsthAna-AkAra vishess| saMhanana-zarIra kI asthiyoM kA dRr3ha bandhana, zArIrika bala / sacelaka-vastra-sahita / bahumUlya vastra-sahita / 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 saMsva-pRthvI, jala, agni va vAyu ke prANI / jIva kA paryAyavAcI zabda / snnivesh-upngr| sapta saptamika pratimA-yaha pratimA uncAsa dina taka hotI hai| isameM sAta-sAta dina ke saptaka hote haiN| pahale saptaka meM pratidina eka-eka datti anna-pAnI evaM kramaza: sAtaveM saptaka meM pratidina sAta-sAta datti anna-pAnI ke grahaNa ke sAtha kAyotsarga kimA jAtA hai / sapratika-anazana meM uThanA, baiThanA, sonA, calanA Adi zArIrika kriyAoM kA honaa| yaha kriyA bhakta-pratyAkhyAna anazana meM hotI hai| samaya kAla kA sUkSmatama avibhAjya aMza / samavasaraNa -tIrthaGkara-pariSada athavA vaha sthAna jahA~ tIrthaGkara kA upadeza hotA hai . samAcArI-sAdhuoM kI avazya karaNIya kriyAe~ va vyavahAra / samAdhi vAna-AcArya, upAdhyAya, sthavira, zaikSa, glAna, tapasvI, muniyoM kA Avazyaka kArya sampAdana kara unheM caitasika svAsthya kA lAbha pahu~cAnA / samAdhi-maraNa - zruta-cAritra-dharma meM sthita rahate hue nirmoha bhAva meM mRtyu / samiti saMyama ke anukUla pravRtti ko samiti kahate haiM, ve pA~ca haiM -- 1. IryA, 2. bhASA, 3. eSaNA, 4. AdAna-nikSepa aura 5. utsarga / 1. IryA-jJAna, darzana evaM cAritra kI abhivRddhi ke nimitta yuga parimANa bhUmi ko / dekhate hue tathA svAdhyAya va indriyoM ke viSayoM kA varjana karate hue clnaa| 2. bhASA-bhASA-doSoM kA parihAra karate hue, pApa-rahita evaM satya, hita, mita aura asaMdigdha bolnaa| 3. eSaNA gaveSaNA, grahaNa aura grAsa-sambandhI eSaNA ke doSoM kA varjana karate hue AhAra-pAnI Adi audhika upadhi aura zayyA, pATa Adi auphnahika upadhi kA anveSaNa / 4. AdAna-nikSepa-vastra, pAtra Adi upakaraNoM ko sAvadhAnI pUrvaka lenA va rkhnaa| 5. utsarga-mala, mUtra, khela, \ ka kapha Adi kA vidhipUrvaka pUrvadRSTa evaM pramANita nirjIva bhUmi para visarjana krnaa| samujchinnakriyAnivRtti-zukla dhyAna kA caturtha caraNa, jisameM samasta kriyAoM kA nirodha ___hotA hai| dekheM,zukla dhyAna / samyaktva-yathArtha tttv-shrddhaa| samyaktvI-yathArtha tattva zraddhA se sampanna / samyak dRSTi-pAramArthika padArthoM para yathArtha zraddhA rakhane vaalaa| samyag varzana-samyaktva-yathArtha tttv-shrddhaa| sarvatobhadra pratimA-sarvatobhadra pratimA kI do vidhiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| eka vidhi ke anusAra kramazaH dazoM dizAoM kI ora abhimukha hokara eka-eka ahorAtra kA 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] pariziSTa-2 : jaina pAribhASika zabda-koza 571 kAyotsarga kiyA jAtA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ise hI kiyA thA, aisA ullekha milatA hai / dUsarI vidhi ke anusAra laghu aura mahA do bheda hote haiM / 1 - laghu sarvatobhadra pratimA -- aMkoM kI sthApanA kA vaha prakAra jisameM saba ora se samAna yoga AtA hai, use sarvatobhadra kahA jAtA hai| isa tapa kA upavAsa se Arambha hotA hai aura kramazaH bar3hate hue dvAdaza bhakta taka pahu~ca jAtA hai / dUsare krama meM madhya ke aMka ko Adi aMka mAna kara calA jAtA hai aura pA~ca khaNDoM meM eka paripATI kA kAlamAna isakA krama yantra ke anusAra use pUrA kiyA jAtA hai / Age yahI krama calatA hai| 3 mahIne 10 dina hai / cAra paripATiyA~ hotI haiM calatA hai / / 1 2010_05 3 5 2 4 laghu sarvatobhadra pratimA 2 4 1 3 5 3 5 2 4 1 4 1 3 5 2 5 2 4 1 3 2. mahA sarvatobhadra pratimA- isa tapa kA Arambha upavAsa se hotA hai aura kramazaH bar3hate hue SoDaza bhakta taka pahu~ca jAtA hai| bar3hane kA isakA krama bhI sarvatobhadra kI taraha hI hai / antara kevala itanA hI hai ki laghu meM utkRSTa tapa dvAdaza bhakta hai aura isameM SoDaza bhakta / eka paripATI kA kAlamAna 1 varSa 1 mahInA aura 10 dina hai / cAra paripATiyAM hotI haiN| isakA krama yantra ke anusAra calatA hai /

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572 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana mahAsarvatobhadra pratimA 3 2 | 3 | 4 / 5 6 7 1 sarvArthasiddha--dekheM, deva / savASaSa labdhi-tapasyA-vizeSa se prApta hone vAlI eka divya zakti / varSA kA barasatA haA va nadI kA bahatA haA pAnI aura pavana tapasvI ke zarIra se saMspaSTa hokara roganAzaka va viSa-saMhAraka ho jAte haiN| viSa-mizrita padArtha yadi unake pAtra yA maMha meM AtA hai, to vaha bhI nirviSa ho jAtA hai| unakI vANI kI smRti bhI mahAviSa ke zamana kI hetu banatI hai| unake nakha, keza, dA~ta Adi zarIraja vastueM bhI divya auSadhi kA kAma karatI haiN| sahasrapAka tela-nAnA auSadhiyoM se bhAvita sahasra bAra pakAyA gayA athavA jisako pakAne __ meM sahasra svarNa-mudrAoM kA vyaya huA ho| sahasrarAkalpa-AThavA~ svrg| dekheM, dev| sAgaropama (sAgara)-palyopama kI dasa koTi-koTi se eka sAgaropama (sAgara) hotA hai / dekheM, palyopama / sArmika-samAna dharmI / sAmAnika-sAmAnika deva Ayu Adi se indra ke samAna hote haiM / kevala inameM indratva nahIM hotaa| indra ke lie sAmAnika deva amAtya, mAtA-pitA va guru Adi kI taraha pUjya hote haiN| sAmAyika cAritra.. sarvathA sAvadya-yogoM kI virati / sAvadya-pApa-saMhita / siddha-karmoM kA nirmala nAza kara janma-maraNa se mukta hone vAlI AtmA / siddhi-sarva karmoM kI kSaya se prApta hone vAlI avsthaa| suSama-duHSama-avasarpiNI kAla kA tIsarA ArA, jisameM sukha ke sAtha kucha duHkha bhI hotA hai| ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariziSTa-2 : jaina pAribhASika zabda-koza 573 suSama-avasarpiNI kAla kA dUsarA ArA, jisameM pahale Are se sukha meM kucha nyUnatA Arambha hotI hai| suSama-suSama-avasarpiNI kAla kA pahalA ArA, jisameM saba prakAra ke sukha hI sukha hote haiN| sUkSma kriyApratipAti-zukla dhyAna kA tRtIya caraNa, jisameM sUkSma zarIra yoga kA Azraya dekara dUsare bAkI ke yogoM kA nirodha hotA hai / dekheM, zukla dhyAna / sUtra-Agama-zAstra / sUtrAgama-mUla Agama-zAstra / saudharma-pahalA svarga / dekheM, deva / snAtaka-bodhisattva / sthavira-sAdhanA se skhalita hote hue sAdhuoM ko punaH usameM sthira karane vAle / sthavira tIna prakAra ke hote haiM : 1. pravrajyA sthavira, 2. jAti sthavira aura 3. zruta sthavira / 1. pravrajyA sthavira--jinheM pravrajita hue bIsa varSa ho gaye hoN| 2. jAti sthavira-jinakA vaya sATha varSa kA ho gayA ho| 3. zruta sthavira-jinhoMne sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga Adi kA vidhivat jJAna prApta kara liyA ho| sthavira kalpika-gaccha meM rahate hue sAdhanA krnaa| tapa aura pravacana kI prabhAvanA krnaa| ziSyoM meM jJAna, darzana aura cAritra Adi guNoM kI vRddhi karanA / vRddhAvasthA meM jaMghAbala kSINa ho jAne para AhAra aura upadhi ke doSoM kA parihAra karate hue eka hI sthAna meM rhnaa| sthAvara-hita kI pravRtti aura ahita kI nivRtti ke lie gamana karane meM asamartha praannii| sthitipatita-putra-janma ke avasara para kula krama ke anusAra manAyA jAne vAlA dasa dina kA mahotsava / svAdima-supArI, ilAyacI Adi mukhavAsa padArtha / hallA-govAlikA latA ke tRNa kI samAnAkRti kA kITa vizeSa / ___ 2010_05

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574 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka amuzIlama citra 1 pR0 620 . ekAvalI tapa ko paribhASA se sambandhita ekAvalI tapa anjan -1& MI-MIT PRICIPENDER 8 + 10 14 15 1 / 16 / 1 / 1 2010_05

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{f {{] fxfE-3 : 1 Grf;wrf$ kht-fa cinna 2 pR0 620 kanakAvalI tara ko paribhASA se sambandhita kanakAvalI tapa -ktt--ttaayaa0mm k okaa-a0yy mthmmmm 2 chiukaa [ Ta Ta TT T3 [ 3 ] 31T 3 | 4 | 5 | 3 | i3 3 133 ) | 11 2010_05

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576 [khaNDa : 1 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana citra pR0 621 guNaratna (rayaNa) saMvatsara tapa ko paribhASA se sambandhita BERCE 180110110 vivAdAvA 00000000 ESR32RRBOR. KONDOOOOO33333 ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariziSTa-2 : jaina pAribhASika zabda-koza citra 4 pa0 635 mahAsiMha niSkrIr3ita tapa kI paribhASA se sambandhita mahAsiMha 00 13. 13. 14 2010_05 1.5. cina 5 pa0 637 laghusiMha niSkrIr3ita tapa kI paribhASA se sambandhita tapa laghusiMha ni 577 tapa

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pariziSTa-3 bauddha pAribhASika zabda-koza ____ 2010_05

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akuzala dharma-sadeva burA phala utpanna karane vAle dharma, pApa krm| agnizAlA-pAnI garma karane kA ghara / adhikaraNa samaya-utpanna kalaha kI zAnti ke lie batalAye gae AcAra kA laMghana bhI doSa hai| adhiSThAna pAramitA--jisa prakAra parvata saba dizAoM se pracaNDa havA ke jhoke lagane para para bhI na kAMpatA hai, na hilatA hai aura apane sthAna para sthira rahatA hai, usI prakAra apane adhiSThAna (dRr3ha nizcaya) meM sarvatomAvena susthira rhmaa| adhvnik-cirsthaayii| anavanava-vipAka-rahita / anagAmI-phira janma na lene vaalaa| kAma-rAga (indriya-lipsA) aura pratigha (dUsare ke prati aniSTa karane kI bhAvanA) ko sarvathA samApta kara yogAvacara bhikSu anAgAmI ho jAtA hai| yahA~ se marakara brahmaloka meM paidA hotA hai aura vahIM se ahaMta ho jAtA hai| anAzvAsika-mana ko santoSa na dene vaalaa| aniyata--bhikSu kisI zraddhAlu upAsikA ke sAtha ekAnta meM pArAjika, saMdhAdisesa aura pAcittiya-tIna doSoM meM se kisI eka doSa ke lie usake samakSa prastAva rakhatA hai| saMgha ke samakSa sArA ghaTanA-vRta prakaTa hone para doSI bhikSu kA, zraddhAlu upAsikA ke kathana para, doSa kA nirNaya kiyA jAtA hai aura use prAyazcita karavAyA jAtA hai| vaha aparAdha tonoM niyata na hone para aniyata kahA jAtA hai| anuprjnypti-smbodhn| anuzAsanIyaprAtihArya--bhikSu aisA anuzAsana karatA hai-aisA vicAro, aisA mata vicAro; mana meM aisA karo, aisA mata karo; ise chor3a do, ise svIkAra kara lo| anuzrava-zruti / anuzrAvaNa-jJapti karane ke anantara saMgha se kahanA-jise svIkAra ho, vaha mauna rahe ; jise svIkAra na ho, vaha apanI bhAvanA vyakta kreN| mapAyika-durgati meM jAne vaalaa| aamijaati-jnm| abhizA-divya zakti / abhijJA mUlataH do prakAra kI hai--1. laukika aura 2. lokottara / laukika abhijJAe~ pA~ca aura lokottaraabhijJA eka hai : 1. Rddhividha-adhiSThAna Rddhi (eka hokara, bahuta honA bahuta hokara eka honA), vikurvaNa Rddhi (sAdhAraNa rUpa ko chor3a kara kumAra kA rUpa yA nAga kA rUpa dikhalAnA, nAnA prakAra ke senA vyUhoM ko dikhalAnA Adi), manomaya Rddhi (manomaya zarIra 2010_05

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582 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa : 1 banAnA), jJAna-visphAra Rddhi, samAdhi-visphAra Rddhi (jJAna aura samAdhi kI utpatti se pahale, pIche usI NakSa yA, jJAna ke yA samAdhi ke anubhava se utpanna haI vizeSa zakti), Arya karma Rddhi (pratikUla Adi saMjJI hokara vihAra karanA), vipAkaja Rddhi (pakSI Adi kA AkAza meM jAnA Adi), puNyavAn kI Rddhi (cakravartI Adi kA AkAza se jAnA), vidyAmaya Rddhi (vidyAdhara Adi kA AkAza se jAnA), siddha hone ke artha meM Rddhi (usa usa kAma meM samyak-prayoga se usa-usa kAma kA siddha honA)-ye dasa RddhiyA~ haiM, isako prApta karake bhikSa eka hokara bahuta hotA hai, bahuta hokara eka hotA hai, prakaTa hotA hai, antardhAna hotA hai| tiraHkuDyaantardhAna hI dIvAra ke Ara-pAra jAtA hai, tiraHprakAra-antardhAna ho prAkAra ke pAra jAtA hai, tira:parvata-pAMzu yA patthara ke parva ke pAra jAtA hai, AkAza meM hone ke samAna binA TakarAye jAtA hai. jala kI bhAMti pathvI meM gotA lagAtA hai. pathvI kI mAMti jala para calatA hai, pA~khoM vAle pakSI kI taraha AkAza meM pAlathI mAre jAtA hai, mahAtejasvI sUrya aura candra ko bhI hAtha se chUtA hai aura malatA hai, brahmalokoM ko bhI apane zarIra ke bala se vaza meM karatA hai, dUra ko pAsa karatA hai, pAsa ko dUra karatA hai, thor3e ko bahuta karatA hai, bahuta ko thor3A karatA hai, madhura ko amadhura karatA hai amadhura ko madhura Adi bhI, jo-jo cAhatA hai, RddhimAn ko saba siddha hotA hai / yahI sthiti avaloka ko bar3hA kara usa brahmA ke rUpa ko dekhatA hai aura yahI sthiti unake zabda ko sunatA hai tathA citta ko bhalI prakAra janatA hai| zarIra ke taura para citta ko pariNAma karatA hai aura citta ke taura para zarIra ko pariNata karatA hai| 2. divya-zrotra-dhAtu-vizuddha amAnuSa divya zrotra dhAtu arthAt devatAoM ke samAna karNendriya se dUra va samIpa ke devoM aura manuSyoM ke zabdoM suna sakatA hai| isa abhijJa __ko prApta karane vAlA bhikSu yadi brahmaloka taka bhI zaMkha, merI, nagAr3I Adi ke zabda meM eka zora hotA hai, to bhI alaga karake vyavasthApana kI icchA hone para yaha zaMkha kA zabda hai ; 'merI kA zabda hai,' aisA vyavasthApana kara sakatA hai / 3. cetoparya-jJAna-dUsare prANiyoM ke citta ko apane citta dvArA jAnatA hai| sarAga citta hone para sarAga-citta hai, aisA jAnatA haiM / vItArAga citta, sadveSa-citta, vItadveSa citta, samoha-citta, vItamoha-citta, vikSipta-cittasaMkSipta-citta mahadgata-citta, ahamadgata-citta, sa-uttara-citta, anuttara-citta, samAhita (ekAgra citta, asamAhita-citta, vimukta-citta aura amukta-citta hone para vaisA jAnatA hai| 4. pUrvenivAsAnusmRti-jJAna-aneka prakAra ke pUrva-janmoM kA anusmaraNa karatA hai| eka janma ko bhI, do janma ko bhI yAvat sau, hajAra, sau hajAra.......aneka saMvataM-kalpoM ko bhI aneka vivarta-kalpoM ko bhI, aneka saMvarta-vivarta-kalpoM ko bhI smaraNa karatA hai| taba maiM amuka sthAna arthAt bhava, yoni, gati, vijJAna kI sthiti, satvoM ke rahane ke sthAna ' cA satvasamUha meM thaa| isa nAma kA, isa gotra kA, isa prAyu kA, isa mAhAra kA, amuka prakAra ke sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karane vAlA va itanI Ayu vAlA thaa| vahAM secyuta hokara amuktasthAna meM utpanna huaa| vahAM nAma Adi..... thaa| vahA~ se cyuta ho aba yahA~ amuka kSatriya yA brAhmaNa kula meM utpanna huA hU~ / tairthika (dUsare matAvalambI) 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA) pariziSTa-2 : bauddha pAribhASika zabda-koza 583 cAlIsa kalpoM taka, prakRti-zrAvaka (agra-zrAvaka aura mahAzrAvaka ko chor3a kara), sau yA hajAra kalpoM taka, mahAzrAvaka (assI)lAkha kalpoM taka, agra zrAvaka(do) eka asaMkhya lAkha kalpoM ko, pratyeka buddha do asaMkhya lAkha kalpoM ko aura buddha binA pariccheda hI pUrva janmoM kA anusmaraNa karate haiN| 5. cyutotpAdana-jJAna-vizuddha amAnuSa divya cakSu se marate, utpanna hote, hIna avasthA meM Aye, acchI avasthA meM Aye, acche varNa vAle, bure varNa vAle, acchI gati ko prApta burI gati ko prApta, apane-apane karmoM ke anusAra avasthA ko prApta, prANiyoM ko jAna letA hai| ve prANI zarIra se durAcaraNa, vacana se durAcaraNa aura mana se durAcaraNa karate hue, sAdhu puruSoM kI nindA karate the, mithyAdRSTi rakhate the, mithyAdRSTi vAle kAma karate the| (aba) vaha marane ke bAda naraka aura durgati ko prApta hue haiM aura vaha (dUsare) prANI zarIra, vacana aura manase sadAcAru karate, sAdhujanoM kI prazaMsA karate, samyak-dRSTi vAle samyag-dRSTi ke anukUla AcaraNa karate the, aba acchI gati aura svarga ko prApta hue haiM-isa taraha zuddha alaukika divya cakSu se...... jAna letA hai| 6. Azrava-kSaya-Azrava-kSaya se Azrava-rahita citta-vimukti, prajJA-vimukti ko isI janma meM svayaM jAna kara sAkSAtkAra kara prApta kara viharatA hai| mahat-bhikSu rUparAga, arUparAga, mAna, auddhatya aura avidyA ke bandhana ko kATa girAtA hai aura arhat ho jAtA hai| usake sabhI kleza dUra ho jAte haiM aura sabhI Azrava kSINa ho jAte haiN| zarIra-pAta ke anantara usakA AvAgamana sadA ke lie samApta ho jAtA hai, jIvanasrota sadA ke lie sUkha jAtA hai aura duHkha kA manta ho jAtA hai / vaha jIvana-mukta va parama-pada kI avasthA hotI hai| avicIrNa-na kiyA huaa| bhavitarka-vicAra-samAdhi-jo vitarka mAtra meM hI doSa ko dekha, vicAra meM (doSa ko) na dekha kevala vitarka kA prahANa mAtra cAhatA huA prathama dhyAna ko lAMghatA hai, vaha avitarkavicAra-mAtra samAdhi ko pAtA hai| cAra dhyAnoM meM dvitIya, tRtIya va caturtha dhyAnoM kI ekAgratA avitarka-vicAra-samAdhi hai| mavIci naraka-ATha mahAn narakoM meM se sabase nIce kA naraka; jahA~ so yojana ke ghere meM pracaNDa Aga dhadhakatI rahatI hai| anyaakRt-anirvcniiy| aSTAGgika mArga-1. samyak dRSTi, 2. samyak saMkalpa, 3. samyak vacana, 4. samyak karmAnta, 5. samyak AjIva, 6. samyak vyAyAma, 7. samyaka smRti aura 8. samyak smaadhi| mAkAzAnantyAyatana-cAra arUpa brahmaloka meM se tIsarA ? mAkiMcanyAyatana-cAra arUpa brahmaloka meM se tIsarA ? AcAryaka-dharma / AjAnIya-uttama jAti kaa| AdezanA prAtihArya-vyAkhyA-camatkAra / isake anusAra dUsare ke mAnasika saMkalpoM ko apane citta se jAna kara prakaTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| ___ 2010_05

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584 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 Anantarya karma-1. mAtR-hatyA, 2. pitR-hatyA, 3. arhat-hatyA, 4. buddha ke sarIra se lahU bahA denA aura 5. saMgha meM vigraha utpanna karanA; ye pA~ca pApa Anantarya karma kahalAte haiN| inake anuSThAna se manuSya usa janma meM kadApi kSINAzrava hokara mukta nahIM ho sktaa| AnupUrvI kathA-kramAnusAra kahI jAne vAlI kthaa| isake anusAra dAna, zIla va svarga kI kathA kahI jAtI hai| bhogoM ke duSpariNAma batalAye jAte haiM tathA kleza-tyAga aura niSkAmatA kA mAhAtya prakAzita kiyA jAtA hai| Apatti-doSa-daNDa / Aryasatya--1. duHkha, 2. duHkha-samudAya,-duHkha kA kAraNa, 3. duHkha nirodha-duHkha kA nAza 4. duHkha nirodha gAminI pratipadA-duHkha-nAza kA upAya / mAnava-citta-mala / ye cAra haiM-kAma, bhava, dRSTi aura avidyaa| Assasanta-AzvAsana prada / indrakIla-zatru ke AkramaNa ko rokane ke lie nagaradvAra ke samIpa dRr3ha va vizAla prastara yA lauha-stambha / ItjhAnA-barmI sNvt| uttara kuru-cAra dvIpoM meM eka dvIpa / uttara-manuSya-dharma-divya zakti / uvAna--AnandollAsa se santoM ke muMha se nikalI huI vAkyAvali / unnIsa vidyAe~-1. zruti, 2. smRti, 3. sAMkhya,4. yoga, 5. nyAya, 6. vaizeSika 7. gaNita, 8. saMgIta, 6. vaidyaka, 10. cAroM veda, 11. sabhI purANa, 12. itihAsa, 13. jyotiSa, 14. maMtra-vidyA, 15. tarka, 16. taMtra, 17. yuddha-vidyA, 18. chanda aura 16. sAmudrika / upapAramitA-sAdhana meM dRr3ha saMkalpa hokara bAhya vastuoM kA parityAga karanA / upapAramitA - dasa hotI haiN| upazama saMvartanika-zAnti prApaka / upasampadA--zrAmaNera dvArA dharma ko acchI taraha samajha liye jAne para upasampadA-saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| saMgha ke ekatrita hone para upasampadA-prArthI zrAmaNera vahA~ upasthita hotA hai| saMgha ke bIca usakI parIkSA hotI hai| uttIrNa hone para use saMgha meM sammilita kara liyA jAtA hai / taba se vaha bhikSu kahalAtA hai aura use prAtimokSa ke antargata do sau sattAIsa niyamoM kA pAlana karanA hotA hai| bIsa varSa kI Ayu ke bAda hI kisI kI upasampadA ho sakatI hai| upasthAna-zAlA-sabhA-gRha / upasthAka-sahacara sevaka / upekSA-saMsAra ke prati anAsakta-bhAva / ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariziSTa-2 : bauddha pAribhASika zabda-koza 585 upekSA pAramitA-jisa prakAra pRthvI prasannatA aura aprasannatA se virahita hokara apane para pheMke jAne vAle zuci-azuci padArthoM kI upekSA karatI hai, usI prakAra sadaiva sukha-du:kha ke prati tulyatA kI bhAvanA rakhate hue upekSA kI carama sImA ke anta taka phuNcnaa| uposatha-upAsaka kisI vizeSa dina svaccha kapar3e pahina kisI bauddha vihAra meM jAtA hai| ghuTane Teka kara bhikSu se prArthanA karatA hai--bhante ! maiM tIna zaraNa ke sAtha ATha uposatha zIla kI yAcanA karatA huuN| anugraha kara Apa mujhe pradAna kreN| vaha upAsaka kramazaH tIna bAra apanI prArthanA ko duharAtA hai / bhikSu eka-eka zIla kahatA huA rukatA jAtA hai aura upAsaka use duharAtA jAtA hai / upAsaka samagra dina ko vihAra meM raha kara, zIloM kA pAlana karatA huA, pavitra vicAroM ke cintana meM hI vyatIta karatA hai| kitane hI upAsaka jIvana-paryanta ATha zIloM kA pAlana karate haiM / ve ATha zIla isa prakAra haiM : 1. prANAtipAta se virata hokara rahU~gA, 2. adattAdAna se virata hokara rahU~gA, 3. kAma-bhAvanA se virata hokara rahU~gA, 4. mRSAvAda se virata hokara rahU~gA, 5. mAdaka dravyoM ke sevana se virata hokara rahU~gA, 6. vikAla bhojana se virata hokara rahU~gA, 7. nRtya, gIta, vAdya, azlIla hAva-bhAva tathA mAlA, gaMdha, ubaTana ke prayoga se, zarIra vibhUSA se virata hokara rahUMgA aura 8. uccAsana aura sajI-dhajI zayyA se virata hokara rhuuNgaa| uposathAgAra-uposatha karane kI shaalaa| RddhipAda (cAra)-siddhiyoM ke prApta karane ke cAra upAya-chanda (chanda se prApta samAdhi), viriya (vIrya se prApta samAthi), citta (citta se prApta samAdhi), vImaMsA (vimarSa se prApta smaadhi)| Rddhi prAtihArya-yoga-bala se nAnA cAmatkArika prayoga krnaa| isake anusAra bhikSa eka hotA huA bhI aneka rUpa banA sakatA hai| aura aneka hokara eka rUpa bhI banA sakatA hai| cAhe jahA~ AvirbhUta ho sakatA hai aura tirohita bhI ho sakatA hai| binA TakarAe dIvAla, prakAra aura parvata ke Ara-pAra bhI jA sakatA hai, jaise ki koI AkAza meM jA rahA ho / thala meM jala kI taraha gote lagA sakatA hai| jala-tala para thala kI taraha pala sakatA hai / AkAza meM bhI pakSI kI taraha palathI mAre hI ur3a sakatA hai| tejasvI sUrya va candra ko hAtha se chU sakatA hai tathA unheM mala sakatA hai aura brahmaloka taka sazarIra pahu~ca sakatA hai| aupapAtika-devatA aura naraka ke jIva / kathAvastu-vivAda / karuNA-saMsAra ke sabhI jIvoM ke prati karuNA-bhAva / kalpa-asaMkhya varSoM kA eka kaal-maan| ye cAra prakAra ke haiM-1. saMvarta kalpa, 2. saMvarta sthAyI kalpa, 3. vivarta kalpa aura 4. vivarta sthAyI klp| saMvarta kalpa meM pralaya aura 2010_05

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586 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 vivarta kalpa meM sa.STi kA krama uttarottara calatA hai| devoM ke AyuSya Adi kalpa ke dvArA mApe jAte haiN| eka yojana lambA, caur3A aura gaharA gaDDhA sarasoM ke dAnoM se bharane ke pazcAt prati sau varSa meM eka dAnA nikAlane para jaba sArA gaDDhA khAlI hotA hai, taba jitanA kAla vyatIta hotA hai, usase bhI kalpa kA kAla-mAna bar3A hai| kalpika kuttiyaa-bhnnddaar| kAya smRti-bhikSu araNya, vRkSamUla yA zUnyAgAra meM baiThatA hai / Asana mAra kAyA ko sIdhA rakhatA hai| smRtipUrvaka zvAsa letA hai aura smRtipUrvaka hI zvAsa chor3atA hai / dIrgha zvAsa lete samaya aura chor3ate samaya use pUrNa anubhUti hotI hai / hRsva zvAsa lete samaya aura chor3ate samaya bhI use pUrNa anubhUti rahatI hai| sArI kAyA kI sthiti ko anubhava karate hue zvAsa lete aura chor3ane kI prakriyA kA abhyAsa karatA hai| kAyikI saMskAroM (kriyAoM) ko roka kara zvAsa lene aura chor3ane kA abhyAsa karatA hai| isa prakAra pramAda-rahita, tatpara aura saMyama yukta ho vihAra karate samaya usake lobhapUrNa svara naSTa ho jAte haiN| citta abhyantara meM hI sthita hotA hai, ekAgra hotA hai aura samAhita hotA hai| kArSApaNa-usa samaya kA sikkA / kutUhalazAlA-vaha sthAna, jahA~ vibhinna matAvalambI ekatra hokara dharma-carcA karate haiM aura jise sabhI upasthita manuSya kautUhala pUrvaka sunate haiN| kuzala dharma-dasa zobhana naitika saMskAra, jau bhale kAryoM ke anuSThAna ke pratyeka kSaNa meM vidya____ mAna rahate haiM / puNya krm| klesh-citt-ml| kriyAvAdI-jo kriyA kA hI upadeza karatA hai| zAnti pAramitA-jisa prakAra pRthvI apane para phaikI jAne vAlI zuddha, azuddha, sabhI vastuoM ko sahatI hai, krodha nahIM karatI; prasannamanA hI rahatI hai; usI prakAra mAna-apamAna sahate hue zAnti kI sImA ke anta taka pahuMcanA / koNAzrava-jinameM vAsanAe~ kSINa hoN| yaha arhat kI avasthA hai| ganika-prasthAna karane vAle bhikSu / ghNttikaar-mhaabrhmaa| cakraratna-cakravartI ke sAta ratnoM meM pahalA ratna, jo sahastra aroM kA, nAbhi nemi se yukta, sarvAkAra paripUrNa aura divya hotA hai / jisa dizA meM vaha cala par3atA hai, cakravartI kI senA usakI anugAminI ho jAtI hai| jahA~ vaha rukatA hai, vahIM senA kA par3Ava hotA hai| cakra prabhAva se binA yuddha kiye hI rAjA anuyAyI banate jAte haiM aura cakravartI unheM paMcazIla kA upadeza detA hai| catumadhura snAna-cAra madhura cIja haiM-ghI, makkhana, madhu aura cInI-isameM snAna / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariziSTa-3 : bauddha pAribhASika zabda-koza 587 cakravartI-1. cakra ratna, 2. hasti ratna, 3. azva ratna 4. maNi ratna, 5. strI ratna, 6. gRha pati ratna, 7. pariNAyaka' ratna; ina sAta ratnoM aura 1. parama saundarya, 2. dIrghAyutA, 3. nIrAtakatA, 4. brAhmaNa, gRhapatiyoM kI priyatA ina cAra RddhiyoM se yukta mhaagubhaav| cakravAla-samasta brahmANDa meM asaMkhya cakravAla hote haiN| eka cakravAla eka jagata ke rUpa meM hotA hai, jisakI lambAI-caur3AI 12,03, 450 yojana tathA parimaNDala (gherA) 36,10,350 yojana hotA hai / pratyeka cakravAla kI moTAI 2,40,000 yojana hotI hai tathA cAroM ora se 4,80,000 yojana moTAI vAle pAnI ke ghere se AdhArita hai| pAnIke cAroM ora 6,60,000 yojana moTAI vAle vAyu kA gherA hai| pratyeka cakravAla ke madhya meM sinerU nAmaka parvata hai, jisakI U~cAI 1,68,000 yojana hai / isakA AdhA bhAga samudra ke andara hotA hai aura AdhA Upara / sinerU ke cAroM ora 7 parvata mAlAe~ haiM -1. yugandhara, 2., Isaghara. 3. karavikA, 4. sudassana, 5. nemidhara, 6. vinataka aura 7. assakaNNa / ina parvatoM para mahArAja deva aura unake anucara yakSoM kA nivAsa hai| cakravAla ke andara himavAna parvata hai, jI 100 yojana U~cA hai tathA 84,000 zikharoM vAlA hai| cakravAla-zilA cakravAla ko ghere hue hai| pratyeka cakravAla meM eka candra aura eka sUrya hotA hai / jinakA vistAra kramazaH 46 tathA 50 yojana hai| pratyeka cakravAla meM trayastriza bhavana, asura bhavana tathA avIcimahAniraya haiN| jambUdvIpa, aparagoyAna, pUrva videha tathA uttara kuru-cAra mahAdvIpa haiM tathA pratyeka mahAdvIpa 500 choTe dvIpoM ke dvArA gherA huA hai| cakravAloM ke bIca lokAntarika niraya haiN| sUrya kA prakAza kevala eka cakravAla ko prakAzita karatA hai; buddha ke teja se samasta cakravAla prakAzita ho sakate haiN| cAturdIpika-cAra dvIpoM vAlI sArI pRthvI para eka hI samaya barasane vAlA megha / cAtumahArAjika devatA-1. dhRtarASTra, 2. virUr3ha, 3. virUpAkSa aura 4. vaizravaNa cAturmahArAjika deva kahalAte haiN| manuSyoM ke pacAsa varSa ke tulya cAturmahArAjika devoM kA eka ahorAtra hotA hai| usa ahorAtra se tIsa ahorAtra kA eka mAsa, bAraha mAsa kA eka varSa aura pAMca sau varSa kA unakA Ayudhya hotA hai| ye devendra zakra ke adhIna hote haiN| cAturyAma-mahAvIra kA cAra prakAra kA siddhAnta / isake anusAra : 1. nirgrantha jala ke vyavahAra kA vAraNa karatA hai| 2. nirgrantha sabhI pApoM kA vAraNa karatA hai / 3. nirgrantha sabhI pApoM ke vAraNa se dhutapApa ho jAtA hai| 1. majjhimanikAya 2-5-1 tathA 3-3-6 aura suttanipAta, mahAvagga, selasutta ke anusAra cakravartI kA sAtavA~ ratna pariNAyakaratna hai aura dIghanikAya, mahApadAna tathA cakkavati sIhanAda sutta ke anusAra sAtavAM ratna putraratna hai / 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa : 1 4. nirgrantha sabhI pApoM ke vAraNa meM lagA rahatA hai| -bIghanikAya, sAmaJaphala sutta, 1-2 dIghanikAya, udumbarika sIhanAda sutta ke anusAra cAturyAma isa prakAra hai : 1. jIva-hiMsA na karanA, na karavAnA aura na usameM sahamata honaa| 2. corI na karanA, na karavAnA aura na usameM sahamata honaa| 3. jhUTha na bolanA, na bulavAnA aura na usameM sahamata honaa| 4. pA~ca prakAra ke kAma-bhogoM meM pravRtta na honA, na pravRtta karanA aura na usameM sahamata honaa| cAra dvIpa-sumera parvata ke cAroM ora ke cAra dvIpa / pUrva meM pUrva videha, pazcima meM apara goyAna uttara meM uttara kuru aura dakSiNa meM jmbuudviip| vArikA-dharmopadeza ke lie gamana krnaa| cArikA do prakAra kI hotI hai...1. tvarita cArikA aura 2. atvarita caarikaa| dUra bodhanIya manuSya ko lakSya kara usake bodha ke lie sahasA gamana 'tvarita cArikA' hai aura grAma, nigama ke krama se pratidina yojana argha yojana mArga kA avagAhana karate hue, piNDa cAra karate hue lokAnugraha se gamana karana 'atvarita nArikA' hai| cIvara-bhikSu kA kASAya-vastra jo kaI Tukar3oM ko eka sAtha jor3a kara taiyAra kiyA jAtA hai| vinaya ke anusAra bhikSu ke lie tIna cIvara dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna hai : 1. antaravAsaka-kaTi se nIce pahinane kA vastra, jo lugI kI taraha lapeTA jAtA hai| 2. uttarAsaMga--pA~ca hAtha lambA aura cAra hAtha caur3I vastra jo zarIra ke UparI bhAga meM caddara kI taraha lapeTA jAtA hai / 3. saMdhATI-isakI lambAI-caur3AI uttarAsaMga kI taraha hotI hai, kintu yaha duharI silI rahatI hai| yaha kandhe para taha lagA kara rakhI jAtI hai| ThaNDa lagane para yA anya kisI vizeSa prasaMga para isakA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai| caityagarbha-deva-sthAna kA mukhya bhAga / chnd-raag| jNghaa-vihaar-tthlnaa| jansAghara-snAnAgAra / jambadvIpa-dasa hajAra yojana vistIrNa bhU-bhAga, jisameM cAra hajAra yojana pradeza jala se bharA hai; ata: samudra kahalAtA hai| tIna hajAra yojana meM manuSya basate haiN| zeSa tIna hajAra yojana meM caurAsI hajAra kUToM se zobhita cAroM ora bahatI huI pAMca sau nadiyoM se vicitra pAMca sau yojana samunnata himavAn (himAlaya) hai| jAti-saMgraha-apane parijanoM ko pratibuddha karane kA upakrama / 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariziSTa-3 : bauddha pAribhASika zabda-koza 586 jnyaandrshn-tttv-saakssaatkaar| spti-suucnaa| kisI kArya ke pUrva saMgha ko vidhivat sUcita karanA-yadi saMgha ucita samajhe to aisA kre| tAtisa (trayastriza) devatA---inakA adhipati devendra zakra hotA hai| manuSyoM ke pacAsa varSa ke barAbara eka ahorAtra hotA hai| aise tIsa ahorAtra kA eka mAsa, bAraha mAsa kA eka varSa hotA hai aise varSa se hajAra divya varSoM kA unakA AyuSya hotA hai / tuSila devatA-tuSit deva-bhavana meM bodhisattva rahate haiN| yahA~ se cyuta hokara ve saMsAra meM utpanna hote haiM aura buddhatva kI prApti kara parinirvANa prApta karate hai| manuSyoM ke cAra sau varSoM ke samAna inakA eka ahorAtra hotA hai / tIsa ahorAtra kA eka mAsa aura bAraha mAsa kA eka varSa / aise cAra hajAra divya varSoM kA unakA AyuSya hotA hai| thallaccaya-bar3A aparAdha / pAkSiNeya-paraloka meM vizvAsa kara ke dene yogya dAna dakSiNA kahA jAtA hai / jo usa dakSiNA ko pAne yogya haiM, vaha dAkSiNaya hai / bazabala-1. ucita ko ucita aura anucita ko anucita ke taura para ThIka se jAnanA, 2. bhUta, vartamAna, bhaviSyata ke kiye hue karmoM ke vipAka ko sthAna aura kAraNa ke sAtha ThIka se jAnanA, 3. sarvatra gAminI pratipadA ko ThIka se jAnanA, 4. aneka dhAta (brahmANDa), nAnA ghAtu vAle lokoM ko ThIka se jAnanA, 5. nAnA vicAra vAle prANiyoM ko ThIka se jAnanA, 6. dUsare prANiyoM kI indriyoM kI prabalatA aura durbalatA ko ThIka se jAnanA, 7. dhyAna, vimokSa, samAdhi, samApatti ke saMkleza (mala), vyavadhAna (nirmalakaraNa) aura utthAna ko ThIka se jAnanA, 8. pUrva-janmoM kI bAtoM ko ThIka se jAnanA, 6. alaukika vizuddha, divya cakSu se prANiyoM ko utpanna hote, marate, svarga loka meM jAte hae dekhanA, 10. AzrakoM ke kSaya se Azrava rahita citta kI vimukti aura prajJA kI vimukti saakssaatkaar| dazasahastrabrahmANDa-ve dasa hajAra cakravAla jo jAtikSetra rUpa buddhakSetra haiN| vAna pAramitA-pAnI ke ghar3e ko ulaTa diye jAne para jisa prakAra vaha bilkula khAlI ho A jAtA hai| usI prakAra ghana, yaza, putra, patnI va zarIra Adi kA bhI kucha cintana na karate - hue Ane vAle yAcaka ko icchita vastue~ pradAna krnaa| vivya cakSu-ekAgra, zuddha, nirmala, niSpApa, kleza-rahita, mRdu, manorama aura nizcala citta __ ko pAkara prANiyoM ke janma-mRtyu ke viSaya meM jAnane ke lie apane citta ko lgaanaa| dIrgha bhANaka-dIghanikAya kaNThastha karane vAle prAcIna AcArya / TukkaTa kA doSa-duSkRta kA doSa / vezanA-aparAdha sviikaar| ____ 2010_05 .

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana droNa-AnAja nApane ke lie prAcIna kAla meM prayukta mApa / yaha nAlI se bar3A hotA hai| 4 prastha-1 kuDavA aura 4 kuDavA=1 droNa hotA hai| eka prastha garIba pAva bhara mAnA gayA hai ; ataH eka droNa karIba 4 sera ke barAbara honA caahie| dharma-dharma aura darzana ke bAre meM bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM para, bhinna-bhinna logoM ko bhinna-bhinna __ paristhitiyoM meM buddha dvArA diye gae upadeza / inheM sUtra bhI kahA jAtA hai|| dharma kathika-dharmopadezaka / dharmacakra pravartana - bhagavAna buddha ne paMcavargobha bhikSuoM ko jo sarvaprathama upadeza diyA thA, vaha ___dharmacakra pravartana sUtra kahA jAtA hai| dharma cakSu-dharma jnyaan| dhrmtaa-vishesstaa| dharmapAtu-mana kA viSaya / gharma paryAya upadeza / ghrm-viny-mt| dhAraNA-anuzrAvaNa ke anantara saMgha ko mauna dekha kara kahanA-"saMgha ko svIkAra hai| ataH mauna hai, maiM aisA avadhAraNa karatA haiN|" patavAdI-tyAgamaya rahana-sahana vaalaa| dhuta hotA hai, dhoye kleza vAlA vyakti athavA klezoM ko dhunane vAlA dharma / jo dhutAMga se apane klezoM ko dhuna DAlatA hai aura dUsaroM ko dhutAMga ke lie upadeza karatA hai, vaha dhuta aura dhutavAdI kahalAtA hai / dhutAMga 13 hai : 1 pAMzukalikAGgasar3aka, zmazAna kUDA, karakaTa ke DheroM aura jahAM kahIM bhI dhUla (pAMzu) ke Upara par3e hue cithar3oM se bane cIvaroM ko pahinane kI prtijnyaa| 2. traicovarikAGga-kevala tIna cIvara-saMghATI, uttarAsaMga aura antaravAsaka ko dhAraNa karane kI prtijnyaa| 3. piNDapAtikAGga-bhikSA se hI jIvikA karane kI prtijnyaa| 4. sApadAna cArikAGga-bIca meM ghara chor3e binA eka sire se lekara dUsare sire taka bhikSA karane kI prtijnyaa| 5. ekAsanikAGga--eka hI bAra bhojana karane kI prtijnyaa| 6. pAtrapiNDakAGga-dUsare pAtra kA inkAra kara kevala eka hI pAtra meM par3A piNDa grahaNa karane kI prtijnyaa| 1. AcArya hemacandra, abhidhAna cintAmaNi koza, 31550 / 2. A. P. Budphadatt Mahathera, Concise, Pali-English Dictionary. pp. 154-170. ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariziSTa-3 : bauddha pAribhASika zabda-koza 565 7. khalupacchAbhattikAGga--eka bAra bhojana samApta karane ke bAda khalu nAmaka pakSI kI ___ taraha pazcAt-prApta bhojana grahaNa na karane kI prtijnyaa| 8. AraNyakAGga-araNya meM vAsa karane kI prtijnyaa| 6. vRkSa mUlikAGga-vRkSa ke nIce rahane kI prtijnyaa| 10, anyavakAzikAGga- khule maidAna meM rahane kI prtijnyaa| 11. zmazAnikAGga-zmazAna meM rahane kI prtijnyaa| 12. yathAsaMsthikAGaga-jo bhI bichAyA gayA ho, vaha yathAsaMsthita hai| "yaha tere lie hai" isa prakAra pahale uddezya karake bichAye gaye zayanAsana ko grahaNa karane kI prtijnyaa| 13. nasAdhAkAGga-binA leTe, sone aura ArAma karane kI prtijnyaa| dhyAna (cAra)-prathama dhyAna meM virtaka, vicAra, prIti, sukha aura ekAgratA, ye pA~ca aMga haiN| dhyeya (vastu) meM citta kA dRr3ha prabeza vitarka kahalAtA hai / yaha mana ko dhyeya se bAhara nahI jAne dene vAlI manovRtti hai / prIti kA artha hai-mAnasika Ananda / kAma, vyApAda satyAnamaddha, auddhatya, vicikitsA; ina pA~ca nIvaraNoM ko apane meM naSTa hue dekha pramoda utpanna hotA hai aura pramoda se prIti utpanna hotI hai / sukha kA tAtparya hai-kAyika saukhya; prIti se zarIra zAnta ho jAtA hai aura isase sukha utpanna hotA hai| ekAgratA kA artha hai-samAdhi / isa prakAra kAma rahitatA, akuzala dharmoM se virahitatA, savitaka savicAra aura viveka se utpanna prIti-sukha se prathama prApta hotA hai| dvitIya dhyAna meM vitarka aura vicAra ; ina do aMgoM kA abhAva hotA hai| inake abhAva se Abhyanta rika prasAda va cisa kI ekAgratA prApta hotI hai| dvitIya dhyAna meM zraddhA kI prabalatA tathA prIti, sukha aura ekAgratA kI pradhAnatA banI rahatI hai tatIya dhyAna meM tIsare aMga prIti kA bhI abhAva hotA hai| isameM / pramukha tathA ekAgratA kI pradhAnatA kahatI hai| sukha kI bhAvanA sAdhaka ke citta meM vizeSa utpanna nahIM karatI hai / cita meM vizeSa kSAnti tathA samAdhAna kA udaya hotA hai| catartha dhyAna meM caturtha aMga kA bhI abhAva hotA hai / ekAgratA ke sAtha upekSA aura smatiH ye do manovRttiyA~ hotI haiN| isameM zArIrika sukha-duHkha kA sarvathA tyAga tathA rAga-dekha se virahitatA hotI hai / isa sarvottama dhyAna meM sukha-duHkha ke tyAga se va saumanasya-daurma nasya ke asta ho jAne para citta sarvathA nirmala tathA vizuddha bana jAtA hai| nAli-anAja nApane ke lie prAcIna kAla meM prayukta mApa, jo ki vartamAna ke DeDha sera ke barAbara hotA thaa|' nidaan-kaarnn| 1. buddha kAlIna bhAratIya bhUgola, pR0 552 / ____ 2010_05

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562 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 hai nirmANarati devatA-ye devatA apanI icchA se apane bhinna-bhinna rUpa badalate rahate haiN| isI meM unheM Ananda milatA hai| manuSyoM ke ATha sau varSa ke samAna inakA eka ahorAtra hotA hai| tIsa ahorAtra kA eka mAsa aura bAraha mAsa kA eka varSa / aise ATha hajAra divya varSoM kA unakA AyuSya hotA hai / nissaggiya pAcittaya-aparAdha kA pratikAra saMgha, bahuta se bhikSu yA eka bhikSu ke samakSa svIkAra kara use chor3a dene para ho jAtA hai|| negama-nagara-seTha kI taraha kA eka avaitanika rAjakIya pada, jo sambhavataH zreSThI se ucca hotA hai| naryANika-duHkha se pAra karane vaalaa| navasaMjJAnAsaMjJAyatana-cAra arUpa brahmaloka meM se cauthaa| maiSkarma pAramitA-kArAgAra meM cirakAla taka rahane vAlA vyakti kArAgAra ke prati sneha nahIM rakhatA aura na vahA~ rahane ke lie hI utkaNThita rahatA hai| usI prakAra saba yoniyAM (bhavoM) ko kArAgAra samajhanA, unase Uba kara unheM chor3ane kI icchA krnaa| paMcazIla-1. prANAtipAta se virata rahUMgA, 2. adattAdAna se virata rahU~gA, 3. abrahmacarya se virata rahU~gA, 4. mRSAvAda se virata rahU~gA aura 5. mAdaka dravyoM ke sevana se virata rhuuNgaa| paTibhAna-vicitra praznoM kA vyAkhyAna / paranirmita vazavI devatA- inake nivAsa sthAna para mAra kA Adhipatya hai| manuSyoM ke solaha sau varSa ke samAna inakA eka ahorAtra hotA hai| tIsa ahorAtra kA eka mAsa aura bAraha mAsa kA eka varSa / aise solaha hajAra divya varSoM kA unakA AyuSya hotA hai| paramArtha pAramitA-sAdhanA meM pUrNa rUpeNa dRr3ha saMkalpa honaa| prANotsarga bhale hI ho jAye, kintu saMkalpa se vicalita na honA / parAmartha pAramitA dasa hotI haiN| pariveNa-vaha sthAna, jahA~ bhikSu ekatrita hokara paThana-pAThana karate haiN| yaha sthAna cAroM ora se ghirA huA hotA hai aura bIca meM eka A~gana hotA hai| pAMca mahAtyAga-dhana, aMga, jIvana, santAna va bhAryA kA tyAga / pAMca mahAvilokana-tuSit loka meM rahate hue bodhisattva dvArA apane janma sambandhI samaya, dvIpa, deza, kula, mAtA tathA usake Ayu-pariNAma ke bAre meM socnaa| pAMsukUlika-cIthar3oM se bane cIvaroM ko pahanane kI pratijJA vaalaa| .pAcittiya-AtmAlocana pUrvaka prAyazcitta karanA / pATivesanIya-doSI bhikSu saMgha se nivedana karatA hai-'maiMne nindanIya va ayukta kArya kiyA hai| maiM usake lie kSamA yAcanA karatA huuN|" 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] pariziSTa-3 : bauddha pAribhASita zabdakoza pAramitA - sAdhanA ke lie dRr3ha saMkalpa hokara baiThanA, jisameM apane zarIra kI sAra-sambhAla kA sarvathA parityAga kara diyA jAtA hai / pAramitA dasa hotI haiM / pArAjika-mArI aparAdha kiye jAne para bhikSu ko sadA ke lie saMgha se nikAla diyA jAnA / piNDapAta -- bhikSu apanA pAtra lekara gRhastha ke dvAra para khar3A ho jAtA hai / usa samaya vaha dRSTi nIce kiye aura zAnta bhAva se rahatA hai / ghara kA koI vyakti bhikSA lAkara pAtra meM rakha detA hai aura vaha jhuka kara bhikSu ko praNAma karatA hai| mikSu AzIrvAda dekara Age bar3ha jAtA hai / pAtra jaba pUrNa ho jAtA hai to bhikSu apane sthAna para lauTa AtA hai / nimaMtraNa dekara parosA gayA bhojana mI piNDapAta ke antargata hai / piNDapAtika - mAdhukarI vRtti vAlA / 563 pudgala - vyakti / pUrva lakSaNa - gRhatyAga ke pUrva udyAna yAtrA ko jAte hue bodhisattva ko pravrajyArtha prerita karane ke lie sampati brahmA dvArA vRddha, rogI, mRta aura pravrajita ko upasthita karanA / pRthagjana - sAdhAraNa jana, jo ki Arya avasthA ko prApta na huA ho / mukti-mArga kI ve ATha Arya avasthAe~ haiM-- zrotApanna mArga tathA phala, sakRdAgAmI mArga tathA phala, anAgAmi mArga tathA phala, arhat mArga tathA phala / prajJApti-vidhAna / prajJA - zUnyatA kA pUrNa jJAna / avidyA kA nAza / prajJA pAramitA - jisa prakAra bhikSu uttama, madhyama tathA adhama kuloM meM se kisI kula ko binA chor3e, bhikSA mA~gate hue apanA nirvAha karatA hai, usI prakAra paNDita-janoM se sarvadA prazna pUchate hue prajJA kI sImA ke anta taka pahu~canA / pratItyasamutpAda - sApekSa kAraNatAvAda / pratItya - kisI vastu kI prApti hone para samutpAda, -- anya vastu kI utpatti / kisI vastu ke utpanna hone para dUsarI vastu kI utpatti / 1. rUpa, 2. vedanA, 3. saMjJA, 4. saMskAra aura 5. vijJAna - ye pA~ca upAdana skandha haiM / pratipAda - mArga, jJAna / pratisaMvit prApta - pratisambhidA prApta prabhedagata jJAna pratisambhidA hai / ye cAra haiM : 1. artha- pratisambhidA - hetuphala athavA jo kucha pratyaya se utpanna hai, nirvANa, kahe gaye kA artha, vipAka aura kriyA - ye pA~ca dharma 'artha' kahalAte haiM / usa artha kA pratyavekSaNa karane vAle kA usa artha meM prabhedagata jJAna artha- pratisambhidA hai / 2. dharma - pratisambhidA - jo koI phala ko utpanna karane vAlA hetu, Arya-mArga bhASita, kuzala, akuzala - ina pA~coM ko 'dharma' kahA jAtA hai| usa dharma kA pratyavekSaNa karane vAle kA usa dharma kA prabhedagata jJAna dharmapratisambhidA hai / 2010_05

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594 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 3. nirukti-pratisammidA-usa artha aura usa dharma meM jo svabhAva nirukti haiM, avyabhicArI vyavahAra hai, usake abhilApa meM, usake kahane meM bolane meM, usa kahe gaye, bole gaye ko suna kara hI, yaha svabhAva niruvita hai, yaha svabhAva nirukti nahIM hai-aise usa dharma-nirukti ke nAma se kahI jAne vAlI svabhAva nirukti mAgadhI saba sattvoM kI mUla bhASA meM prabhedagata jJAna nirukti-pratisambhidA hai / niruktipratisambhidA prApta sparza, vedanA Adi aise vacana ko suna kara hI vaha svabhAva nirukti hai, jAnatA hai / sparza, vedanA-aise Adi ko, vaha svabhAva nirukti nahIM 4. pratibhAna-pratisambhidA-saba (viSayoM) meM jJAna ko Alambana karake pratyavekSaNa karane vAle ke jJAna kA Alambana jJAna hai yA yathokta una jJAnoM meM gocara aura kRtya Adi ke anusAra vistAra se jJAna, pratibhAna-pratisambhidA hai| prtyn-siimaant| pratyaya-bhikSuoM ke lie grAhya vastue~ / 1. cIvara, 2. piNDapAta, 3. zayanAsana aura 5. glAna pratyaya ; bhikSuoM ko inhIM cAra pratyayoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| pratyeka buddha-jise saba tattva svataH parisphuTita hote haiN| jise tattva-zikSA pAne ke lie kisI guru kI parataMtratA Avazyaka nahIM hotii| pratimokSa-vinayapiTaka ke antargata bhikkhupAtimokkha aura bhikkhunI pAtimokkha zIrSaka se do svatantra prakaraNa haiM / inameM kramazaH do sau sattAIsa aura tIna sau gyAraha niyama haiM / mAsa kI pratyeka RSNa caturdazI tathA pUrNimA ko vahA~ rahane vAle sabhI bhikSu-saMgha ke uposathA gAra meM ekatrita hote haiM aura prAtimokSa ke niyamoM kI AvRtti karate haiN| praatihaary-cmtkaar| bala (pAMca)-zraddhA, vIrya, smRti, samAdhi aura prajJA / buddha-kolAhala-sarvajJa buddha ke utpanna hone ke sahasra varSa pUrva lokapAla devatAoM dvArA loka meM yaha udghoSa karate hue ghUmanA-... 'Aja se sahasra varSa bItane para loka meM buddha utpanna hoNge|' buddha bIja-bhaviSya meM buddha hone vaalaa| buddhshrii-buddhaatishy| buddhAntara-eka buddha ke parinirvANa ke bAda se dUsare buddha ke hone taka kA bIca kA smy| bodhivRkSa -- bodha-gayA kA prasiddha popala-vRkSa, jisake nIce gautama buddha ne parama sambodhi prApta kI thii| bodhimaNDa-bodha-gayA ke buddha-mandira kA ahAtA / bodhisattva-aneka janmoM ke parizrama se puNya aura jJAna kA itanA saMcaya karane vAlA, jisakA buddha honA nizcaya hotA hai| ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariziSTa-3 : bauddha pAribhASika zabda-koza 565 bodhyaMgga (sAta)-smRti, dharmavicaya, vIrya, prIti, prakSabdhi, samAdhi Ara upekssaa| brahmacarya phl-buddh-dhrm| brahmadaNDa-jisa bhikSa ko brahmadaNDa diyA jAtA hai, vaha anya bhikSuoM ke sAtha apanI icchA nusAra bola sakatA hai, para anya bhikSa na usake sAtha bola sakate haiM, na use upadeza kara sakate haiM aura na usakA anuzAsana kara sakate haiN| brahmacarya vAsa-pravrajyA / brahmavihAra-maitrI, karuNA, muditA aura upekSA bhaavnaa| brahmaloka-sabhI deva lokoM meM zreSTha / isameM nivAsa karane vAle brahmA hote haiN| bhaktaccheda --- bhojana na milnaa| bhavAna--dhyAna-yoga kA sAdhaka apane dhyAna ke bala para sthUla jagat se sUkSma jagat meM praveza karatA hai| aisI gati se vaha aise eka bindu para pahu~catA hai, jahAM jagat kI samApti ho jAtI hai| yahI bindu bhavAgra kahalAtA hai| bhinnstuup--niiNv-rhit| madhyama pratipadA-do antoM-kAmya vastuoM meM atyadhika lInatA aura atyadhika vairAgya se zarIra ko kaSTa denA-ke bIca kA mArga / manomaya loka--deva lok| mahA abhijJa dhArikA-dekheM, abhijnyaa| mahAgocara-ArAma ke nikaTa saghana bastI vaalaa| mahAbrahmA-brahmAloka vAsI devoM meM eka asaMkhya kala ke AyuSya vAle deva / dekheM, brahmaloka / mahAbhiniSkramaNa-bodhisattva kA pravrajyA ke lie ghara se prasthAna krnaa| mANavaka-brAhmaNa-putra mAra-aneka arthoM meM prayukta / sAmAnyatayA mAra kA artha mRtyu hai| mAra kA artha kleza bhI hai. jisake vaza meM hone se manuSya mRtyumaya saMsAra ko prApta hotA hai| vazavartI loka ke devaputra kA nAma bhI mAra hai, jo apane Apako kAmAvacara loka kA adhipati mAnatA thaa| jo hai koI bhI kAma-bhogoM ko chor3a kara sAdhanA karatA, usako vaha apanA zatru samajhatA aura sAdhanA-patha se use vicalita karane kA prayatna krtaa| muditaa-sntoss| maitrI-sabhI ke prati mitra-bhAva / maitrI ceto vimukti-'sAre prANI vaira-rahita, vyApAda rahita, sukhapUrvaka apanA parihaNa kreN|' isa prakAra maitrI citta kI vimukti hotI hai| maitrI pAramitA--jisa prakAra pAnI pApI aura puNyAtmA, donoM ko hI samAna rUpa se zItalatA pahuMcAtA hai aura donoM ke hI maila ko dho DAlatA hai, usI prakAra hitaiSI aura ahitaiSI, donoM ke prati samAna bhAva se maitrI-bhAvanA kA vistAra krnaa| ____ 2010_05

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566 __ Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 maitrI sahagata citta-maitrI se samannAgata (yukta) citta / yaSTi-lambAI kA maap| 20 yaSTi =1 vRSabha, 80 vRSabha --1 gAvuta, 4 gAvuta=1 yojn| yAma devatA-manuSyoM ke do sau varSoM ke barAbara eka ahorAtra hai| aise tIsa ahorAtra kA eka mAsa aura bAraha mAsa kA eka vrss| aise do hajAra divya varSoM kA unakA AyuSya hotA hai| yojana--do miil| lokaSAtu--brahmANDa / vazavartI-paranirmita vazavartA deva-mavana ke deva-putra / vArSika zATikA-varSA meM vastra samaya para na sUkhane ke kAraNa varSA taka ke lie laMgo ke taura para liyA jAne vAlA vastra / vijJAnantyAyana-cAra arUpa brahmaloka meM se duusraa| vivarzanA yA vipazyanA-prajJA yA satya kA jJAna jo ki saMskRta vastuoM kI anityatA, duHkhatA yA anAtmatA ke bodha se hotA hai| vidyA (tIna)-puvenuvAsAnissati trANa (pUrva janmoM ko jAnane kA jJAna), cutUpapAta ANa (mRtyu tathA janma ko jAnane kA jJAna), Asavakkhaya bANa (citta maloM ke kSaya kA jJAna)-ye tIna trividyA kahalAtI haiN| vinaya-vaha zAstra, jisameM bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke niyama kA vizada rUpa se saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| vimukti-mukti| vizvakarmA-tAtiza nivAsI vaha deva, jo devoM meM nirmANa kArya karane vAlA hotA hai aura samaya-samaya para zaka ke AdezAnusAra vaha buddha kI sevA meM nirmANa-kAryArtha upasthita __ hotA hai| vihAra-bhikSuoM kA vizrAma-sthAna / vIrya pAramitA-jisa prakAra mRgarAja siMha baiThate, khar3e hote, calate sadaiva nirAlasa, udyogI tathA dRr3hamanaska hotA hai, usI prakAra saba yoniyoM meM dRr3ha udyogI hokara vIrya kI sImA ke anta dhyAkaraNa-bhaviSya vaannii| vyaapaad-droh| zikSApada-bhikSu-niyama / zIla-hiMsA Adi samagra gahita karmoM se pUrNata: virati / kaay-shuddhi| zIla pAramitA-camarI jisa prakAra apane jIvana kI paravAha na karate hue apanI pUMcha kI hI surakSA karatI hai| usI prakAra jIvana kI bhI paravAha na karate hue zIla kI surakSA ke lie hI praNabaddha honaa| ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] pariziSTa - 3 : bauddha pAribhASika zabda koza 567 zaikSya - arhat phala ko chor3a zeSa cAra mArgoM tathA tIna phaloM ko prApta vyakti zaikSya kahe jAte haiM; kyoMki abhI unheM sAMkhanA bAkI hai| jo arhat phala ko prApta haiM, ve hI azaikSya haiM / zauNDika karmakara- zarAba banAne vAlA / zramaNa pariSkAra - bhikSu dvArA grAhya cAra prakAra ke padArtha : 1. cIvara vastra, 2. piNDapAta. bhikSAnna, 3. zayanAsana - ghara aura 4. glAna- pratyaya - bhaiSajya -- rogI ke lie pathya va auSadhi / zrAmaNera - pravrajita ho, kapAya vastradhAraNa karanA / isa avasthA meM bauddha sAhitya kA adhyayana karavAyA jAtA hai / sAdhaka ko guru ke upapAta meM raha kara, 1. prANAtipAta virati, 2 . adatta-virati, 3. abrahmacarya virati, 4. mRSAvAda - virati, 5. mAdaka dravya - virita 6. vikAla bhojana - virati, 7. nRtya-saMgIta vAdya va azlIla hAva-bhAva-virati, 8 mAlAgandha - vilepana Adi kI virati, 6. uccAsana- virati aura 10 svarNa rajata-virati; ina dasa zIloM kA vrata lenA hotA hai / saMgati-bhavitavyatA | saMghATa - jAla / saMghAdisesa - aparAdha kI parizuddhi ke lie doSI bhikSu kA saMgha dvArA kucha samaya ke lie saMgha se bahiSkRta kiyA jAnA / saMjJA - indriya aura viSaya ke eka sAtha milane para anukUla-pratikUla vedanA ke bAda 'yaha amuka viSaya hai' isa prakAra kA jo jJAna hotA hai, use saMjJA kahate haiM / saMjJA - vedayita-nirodha- - isa samAdhi meM saMjJA aura vedanA kA abhAva hotA hai / saMjJA vedayitanirodha ko samApanna hue bhikSu ko yaha nahIM hotA - " maiM saMjJA vedayita-nirodha ko samApanna hoU~gA", " maiM saMjJA vedayita-nirodha ko samApanna ho rahA hU", yA "maiM, saMjJAvedayita-nirodha ko samApanna huA / " usakA citta pahale se hI isa prakAra abhyasta hotA hai ki vaha usa sthiti ko pahu~ca jAtA hai / isa samAdhi meM pahale vacana saMskAra niruddha hotA hai, phira kAya saMskAra aura phira bAda meM citta-saMskAra / saMtuSita --- tuSita deva bhavana ke deva-putra / saMsthAgAra - sabhA bhavana / sakRdAgAmI- - eka bAra Ane vAlA / srotApanna bhikSu utsAhita hokara kAma-rAga (indriyalipsA) aura pratigha ( dUsare ke prati aniSTa karane kI bhAvanA) - ina do bandhanoM para vijaya pA kara mukti mArga meM ArUr3ha ho jAtA hai| isa bhUmi meM Asrava kSaya ( klezoM kA nAza) karanA pradhAna kArya rahatA hai| yadi vaha isa janma meM arhata nahIM hotA to adhikase adhika eka bAra aura janma letA hai / 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzolana [khaNDa : 1 satya pAramitA-jisa prakAra zukra tArA kisI bhI Rtu meM apane mArga kA atikramaNa nahIM karatA, usI prakAra sau-sau saMkaTa Ane para va dhana Adi kA pralobhana hone para bhI satya se vicalita na honaa| snnipaat-gosstthii| sbrhmcaarii-guru-bhaaii| eka zAsana meM pravajita shrmnn| samAdhi-eka hI Alambana para mana aura mAnasika vyApAroM ko samAna rUpa se tathA samyak __ rUpa se niyojita karanA / citta-zuddhi / samAdhi-bhAvanA-jise bhAvita karane para isI janma meM bodhi prApta hotI hai| smbossi-buddhtv| samyak sambuddha-pravedita-buddha dvArA jAnA gayA / sarthika mahAmAtya-nijI saciva / sallekha vRtti--tyAga vRtti / bhagavAn dvArA batAye hue bhI nimitta, avabhAsa, parikathA kI vijJAptiyoM ko nahIM karate hue alpecchatA Adi guNoM ke hI sahAre jAna jAne kA samaya Ane para bhI avamAsa Adi ke binA mile hue pratyayoM kA pratisevana karatA hai, yaha parama sallekha vRtti hai| ___ nimitta kahate haiM-zayanAsana ke lie bhUmi ThIka-ThAka Adi karane vAle ko-"bhante, kyA kiyA jA rahA hai ? kauna karavA rahA hai?" gRhasthoM dvArA kahane para "koI nahIM" uttara denA athavA jo kucha dUsarA bhI isa prakAra kA nimitta krnaa| avamAsa kahate haiM "upAsako, tuma loga kahA~ rahate ho ?" "prAsAda meM bhante !" "kintu upAsako ? bhikSu logoM ko prAsAda nahIM cAhie ?" isa prakAra kahanA athavA jo kucha dUsarA bhI aisA avabhAsa krnaa| - parikathA kahate haiM "bhikSu saMgha ke lie zayanAsana kI dikkata hai|" kahanA, yA jo dUsarI bhI isa taraha kI paryAya-kathA hai / sahampati brahmA-eka mahAbrahmA jisake nivedana para buddha ne dharma kA pravartana kiyaa| aneko prasaMgoM para sahampati brahmA ne buddha ke darzana kiye the| kAzyapa buddha ke samaya meM vaha sahaka nAma kA bhikSa thA aura zraddhA Adi pA~ca indriyoM kI sAdhanA se brahmaloka meM mahAbrahmA ke rUpa meM utpanna huaa| sAMvRSTika-dRSTa (saMdRSTa) arthAt darzana, saMdRSTa ke yogya sAMdRSTika hai / lokAttara dharma dikhAI dete hue hI saMsAra-cakra ke bhava ko rokatA hai| isalie vaha sAMdRSTika kahalAtA su-AlyAta-acchI taraha se kahA gyaa| sunirmita-nirmANarati deva-bhavana ke deva-putra / su-pravedita-acchI taraha se sAkSAtkAra kiyA gyaa| 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariziSTa-3 : bauddha pAribhASika zabda-koza suyAma-yAma deva-bhavana ke dev-putr| sekhiya-zikSApada, jinakA laghana bhI doSa hai| styAna maddha-zarIra aura mana kA aalsy| sthavira-bhikSu hone ke dasa varSa bAda sthavira aura bIsa varSa bAda mahAsthavira hotA hai| smRti samprajanya-cetanA va anubhava / srotApatti-dhArA meM A jaanaa| nirvANa ke mArga meM ArUr3ha ho jAnA, jahA~ se girane kI koI sambhAvanA nahIM rahatI hai| yoga-sAdhanA karane vAlA bhikSa jaba satkAya dRSTi, vicikitsA aura zIlavata parAmarzaka, ina tIna bandhanoM ko tor3a detA hai, taba vaha srotApanna kahA jAtA hai| srotApanna vyakti adhika-se-adhika sAta bAra janma lekara nirvANa prApta kara letA hai| 2010_05

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Agama-sAhitya 1. aNuttarovavAiyavasAMga sUtra : (jaina Agama) : saM0 ema0 sI0 modI, pra0 gurjara grantha ratna kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda, 1632 2. aNuttarovavAiyavasAMga sUtra : amayadevasUri kI vRtti sahita, pra0 AtmAnanda jaina sabhA, bhAvanagara 1621 3. antagaDadasAga sUtra (jaina Agama) : saM0 ema0 sI0 modI, pra0 gurjara grantha-ratna kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda, 1632 / / 4. antagaDadasAMga sUtra : abhayadeva sUri kRta vRtti, pra0 janadharma prasAraka sabhA, mAva nagara, 1633 5. AcArAMga sUtra (jaina Agama) : zIlAMkAcArya kRta vRtti sahita, pra0 Agamodaya samiti, sUrata, 1935 / / 6. AcArAMga sUtra (hindI anuvAda) : anu0 muni saubhAgyamala, saM0 vasantIlAla __nalavAyA, pra. jaina sAhitya samiti, ujjaina, 1950 7. Adi purANa : AcArya jinasena, saM0 paNDita pannAlAla jaina, pra. bhAratIya jJAna pITha, kAzI, 1663 8. mAvazyaka cUNi (2 mAga) : racayitA jinadAsa gaNi, pra. RSabhadeva kezarImala ___ saMsthA, ratalAma, 1928 6. Avazyaka niyukti : AcArya bhadrabAhu, malayagiri vRtti sahita, pra. Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, 1928 10. Avazyaka niyukti : AcArya bhadrabAhu, hAribhadrIya vRtti sahita, pra Agamodaya samiti, bambaI 1916 11. mAvazyaka niyukti dIpikA (3 bhAga) : mANikyazekhara, sUrata, 1939 12. uttara purANa : AcArya guNamadra, pra0 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI, 1954 13. uttarajjhayaNANi jaina Agama (hindI anuvAda sahita, vAcanA pramukha AcArya tulasI, zrI jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA 1, 1968 14. uttarAdhyayana sUtra : nemicandra kRta vRtti sahita, bambaI, 1637 15. uttarAbhyayana sUtra : bhAvavijayajI kRta TIkA, pra0 AtmAnanda jaina samA, bhAvanagara ____ 2010_05

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604 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 16. uttarAdhyayana sUtra : (4 bhAga) : lakSmIvallabha kRta TIkA, anu0 paM0 hIrAlAla haMsarAja, pra0 maNivAI rAjakaraNa, ahamadAbAda, 1635 17. upadeza prAsAda (cAra khaNDa) : lakSmIvijaya sUri, pra0 jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1614-1623 18. upadeza mAlA (saTIka) : dharmadAsa gaNi, TIkAkAra rAmavijaya gaNi, pra0 hIrAlAla haMsarAja; jAmanagara, 1934 16. upAsakavasAMga sUtra (jaina Agama) : saM0 va anu0 (aMgrejI) ena0 e0 gore, pra0 oriyanTala buka ejensI, pUnA. 1653 20. uvavAI sutta (hindI anuvAda) : anu0 muni umezacandrajI 'aNu,' pra0 akhila bhAratIya sAdhumArgI jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA (ma0 pra0), 1963 21. RSi maNDala vRtti : dharmaghoSa sUri (zubhavarddhana gaNi saMskRta TIkA va zAstrI hari zaMkara kAlIdAsa kRta gujarAtI anuvAda sahita), pra0 zrI jaina vidyAzAlA, DozI vADAnI pola, ahamadAbAda, 1601 22. aupapAtika (uvavAI) sUtra (jaina Agama) : abhayadeva sUri vRtti sahita, pra0 devacanda lAla bhAI pustakoddhAra phaNDa, sUrata, 1637 23. kalpa sUtra (jaina Agama):pra0 sArAbhAI maNilAla navAba, ahamadAbAda, 1941 24. kalpa sUtra (baMgalA anuvAda) : anu0 DA0 basantakumAra caTTopAdhyAya, pra0 kalakattA vizvavidyAlaya, kalakattA 25. kalpa sUtra--kalpapadma kalikA vRtti sahita (hindI anuvAda) : pra0 koTA chabar3A kA jaina zve0 saMgha, 1633 26. kalpa sUtra kalpalatA vyAkhyA :pra0 belajI zivajI kuMpanI, dANA bandara, bambaI, 1918 .. 27. kalpa sUtra kaspArtha bodhinI vyAkhyA sahita : saM0 buddhisAgara gaNi, pra0 jinadatta sUri jJAna bhaNDAra, bambaI, 1642 , 28. kalpa sUtrArtha prabodhinI : rAjendra sUri, pra0 rAjendrapravacana kAryAlaya, khuDAlA, 1633 ::26. kalpa sUtra-bAlAvaboSa : buddhavijaya 30. kahAvalI : bhadrezvara, saM0 DaoN0 yU0 pI0 zAha, pra0 gAyakavADa oriyanTala sirIja bar3audA 31. gommaTa sAra : nemicandrAcArya siddhAntacakravartI, pADhama nivAsI paM0 manoharalAla __kRta vRtti, pra0 zrI paramazrutaprabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, 1913 32. caupanna mahApurisa cariyaM : zIlAcArya 33. citra kalpa sUtra : saM0 sArAbhAI maNilAla navAba, ahamadAbAda, 1941 34. jambUdvIpa paNNatti sUtra (jaina Agama) : zAnticandra gaNi vihita vRtti sahita, (bhagi 1, 2), pra. devacanda lAlabhAI pustakoddhAra phaNDa, sUrata, 1920 ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariziSTa-4 : prayukta-grantha 605 35. jayaghavalA vRtti (kaSAyapAhuDa) : vIrasenAcArya, saM0 paM0 mUlacanda siddhAntazAstrI paM0 kailAzacandra siddhAnta zAstrI, pra0 bhA0 di0 jaina saMgha, mathurA, 1961 36. jJAtAdharmakathAMga sUtra (jaina Agama) : abhayadeva sUri vRtti sahita, saM0 AcArya candra sAgara sUri, pra0 siddha cakra sAhitya pracAraka samiti sUrata, 1651 37. jJAtAdharmakathAMga sUtra (hindI anuvAda sahita) : saM0 paM0 zobhAcandra bhArilla, pra0 zrI tiloka ratna sthA0 jaina dhArmika parIkSA borDa, pAthar3I, ahamadAbAda, 1664 38. tattvArtha bhASya : umAsvAti, pra0 rAyacanda jaina zAstramAlA, hIrAbAga, bambaI, 1906 36. tapAgaccha paTTAvalI : dharmasAgara gaNi, saM0 paM0 kalyANavijayajI, bhAvanagara, 1640 40. tittthogAlI painnaya (jaina grantha) : aprakAzita 41. tiloyapaNNatti : AcArya yativRSabha, saM0 hIrAlAla jaina va e0 ena0 upAdhye, pra0 jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, 1951 42. trilokasAra : AcArya nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI, anu0 paM0 ToDaramalajI, pra0 hindA jaina sAhitya prasAraka kAryAlaya, bambaI, 1611 43. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritram : AcArya hemacandra, pra. jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1606-13 44. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra (gujarAtI anuvAda) (4 bhAga) : AcArya hemacandra, pra0 jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara 45. darzana sAra : devasenAcArya, saM0 paM0 nAthUrAma 'premI', pra0 jaina grantha-ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, 1920 46. dazavakAlika sUtra (jaina Agama) : vAcanA pramukha AcArya zrI tulasI, pra0 jana zve0 terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, 1963 47. dazavakAlika cUNi : agastya siMha, pra0 prAkRta TeksTa sosAiTI, ahamadAbAda 48. dazavakAlika cUNi : zrI jinadAsa gaNi mahattara, pra0 devacanda lAlabhAI javerI, sUrata, 1633 46. dazAzrutaskandha (jaina Agama) : saM va anu, AtmArAmajI mahArAja, pra0 jaina zAstramAlA, lAhaura, 1636 50. dharmaratna prakaraNa : zrI zAnti sUri, pra0 AtmAnanda jaina sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1925 51. nirayAvaliyAo (jaina Agama) : saM0 e0 esa0 gopANI, bI0 je0 cokazI, pra0 zambhUbhAI jamasI sAha, pra0 gurjara grantha-ratna kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda, 1927 52. nirayAvaliyAo (jaina Agama) : candrasUri, saMskRta TIkA sahita, pra0 Agamodaya samiti, sUrata, 1621 ____ 2010_05

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606 Agama aura tripittk:| [khaNDa : 1 53. nirayAvalikA (sundara bodhi vyAkhyA tathA hindI-gurjara bhASAnuvAda sahita) : ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja, pra0 a0 bhA0 zve0 sthA0 jaina zAstrodAra samiti, rAjakoTa, saurASTra, 1960 54. nizItha satra (jaina Agama) : sabhASya cUNi sahita : saM0 upAdhyAya kavi zrI amara muni, muni zrI kanhaiyAlAla 'kamala', pra0 sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1960 55. paMcakalpa-bhASya : saGghadAsa gaNi 56. paMca vastuka : AcArya haribhadra sUri, pra0 devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra phaNDa, sUrata, 1927 57. pariziSTa parva ; AcArya hemacandra, saM0 seTha haragovindadAsa, pra. jaina dharma pracAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1657 58. pariziSTa parva : AcArya hemacandra, saM0 DaoN0 harmana jekobI, pra0 eziyATika sosAiTI oNpha baMgAla, kalakattA, 1932 56. bhagavatI sUtra (jaina Agama) : abhayadeva sUri vRtti sahita, pra0 RSabhadevajI kezarImalajI jaina zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma, 1637 60. bhagavatI sUtra (gujarAtI anuvAda sahita) : saM0 aura anu0 50 becaradAsa dozI, bhagavAnadAsa harakhacanda dozI, jinAgama prakAzaka sabhA, ahamadAbAda, 1922-31 61. bharatezvara bAhubalI vRtti (2 bhAga) : zubhazIla gaNi, pra. devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra phaNDa, sUrata, 1632 62. bhAva saMgraha : AcArya devasena, saM0 pannAlAla sonI, pra. mANikyacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA samiti, hindI grantha-ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, 1921 13. mahAvIra cariyaM : guNacandra, pra0 devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra phaNDa, sUrata 64. mahAvIra cariyaM : nemicandra, pra0 AtmArAma sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1926 15. mahAvIra svAmI no saMyama dharma (sUtrakRtAMga no chAyAnuvAda) : anu gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela, pra0 navajIvana kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda, 1935 66.baMgacUliyA (jaina painnA grantha) : yazobhadra, pra0 mar3ayatA, phalaudi, mAravAr3a 1923 7. vicAra zreNI : AcArya merutuMga, pra0 jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka (patrikA), pUnA, maI 1625 68. vividha tIrthakalpa : AcArya jinaprabha sUri, saM0 jinavijaya muni, pra0 bhAratIya vidyApITha, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, granthAMka 10, zantiniketana, baMgAla, 1934 E6. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (saTIka) jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa, vRttikAra-koTayAcArya, pra0 RSabhadeva kezarImala zve0 saMsthA, ratalAma, 1636-37 70.vizeSa Avazyaka bhASya (saTIka gujarAtI anuvAda) : anu0 cunnIlAla hukumacanda, pra0 Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, 1923 ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariziSTa-4 : prayukta-grantha 607 71. vyavahAra sUtra sabhASya (jaina Agama) : malayagiri vRtti sahita, saM0 muni mANoka, pra0 vakIla trikamalAla agaracanda, ahamadAbAda, 1928 / 72. SatkhaNDAgama (dhavalA TIkA) : AcArya vIrasena, saM0 hIrAlAla jaina, pra0 seTha sitAvarAya lakhamIcanda, amarAvatI (barAra), 1941-57 73. samavAyAMga sUtra (jaina Agama) : abhayadeva sUri vRtti sahita, saM0 mAsTara nagIna dAsa nemacanda, pra0 seTha mANekalAla cunnIlAla, kAntIlAla cunnIlAla, ahamadA bAda, 1938 74. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra (jaina Agama) : zIlAMkAcArya vRtti sahita, saM0 panyAsapravara zrIcandasAgara gaNi, pra0 zrI gauDIjI pArzvanAtha jaina derAsara peDI, bambaI, 1946 75. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra (saTIka hindI anuvAda sahita) : anu0 paM0 ambikAdatta ojhA, ___vyAkaraNAcArya, pra0 zrI mahAvIra jaina jJAnodaya sosAiTI, rAjakoTa, 1938 76. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra (hindI anuvAda) : anu0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, pra0 sUtrAgama prakAzana samiti, guDagAMva (keNTa), paMjAba, 1961 77. sena prazna (prazna ratnAkarAbhidha : zrI sena prazna) : saMgrahakartA-zrIzubhavijaya gaNi, pra0 devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra phaNDa, bambaI, 1618 78. saubhAgyapaMcamyAdi parvakathA saMgraha : kSamAkalyANa kopAdhyAya, pra. hindI jainAgama prakAzaka sumati kAryAlaya, koTA, 1633 76. sthAnAMga sUtra (jaina Agama) : abhayadeva sUri vRtti sahita, pra. Agamodaya samiti, sUrata, 1920 80. sthAnAMga samavAyAMga (gujarAtI anuvAda) anu0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, pra. gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda, 1955 81. harivaMza purANa : jinasena sUri, saM0 paM0 pannAlAla jaina, pra0 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1963 82. Antagaddosao Tr. by L. D. Barnett, London, 1907 83. Avasyaka Erzeulang(German Translation of Avasyaka katha): Tr. by Ernst Leumann, Leipzig, 1897 .. 84.Gaina Sutras, part I (Acharanga Sutra & Kulpa Sutra): Tr. by Dr. Hermann Jacobi, Pub. Sacred Books of the East series, vol. XXII, Orford, 1884 85. Gaina Sutras, Part II (Sutrahritang Sutra & Uttradhyana Sutra): Tr. by Dr. Hermann Jacobi, Sacred Books of the East series, vol. XLV, Oxford, 1899 2010_05

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608 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 86. Trisastisalakapurusacarira (4vol.) : Tr. by H. M. Johnson, Pub. by Gaekvad Oriental Series, Baroda. 1930 87. Uvasagdasao (2 Parts): Tr. 4. Ed. by A. F. Rudolf Hoernle, Pub. Bibliotheca Indica, Calcutta, 1888-1890 tripiTaka-sAhitya 88. aMguttara nikAya (hindI anuvAda) (bhAga, 1, 2) : anu0 bhadanta Ananda kosa . lyAyayana, pra0 mahAbodhi sabhA kalakattA, 1957-1963 86. aMguttara nikAya aTukathA (manorathapUraNI) : AcArya buddhaghoza, saM0 harmana kopa, pra. . pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI ke lie lyujhAka eNDa kampanI, landana, 1624-1956 10. maMguttara nikAya pAli (tripiTaka) (4 khaNDa): saM0 bhikSu jagadIza kAsyapa, pra0 ____pAli prakAzana maNDala, navanAlandA mahAvihAra, nAlandA, bihAra rAjya, 1960 61. anAgata-vaMza : saM0 menayepha, pra0 jarnala oNli TeksTa sosAyaTI, 1886 62. apadAna pAli (khuddaka nikAya khaNDa 6, 7 ke antargata) (tripiTaka) (2 khaNDa): saM0 bhikSu jagadIza kAsyapa, pra0 pAli prakAzana maNDala, navanAlandA mahAvihAra, nAlandA, bihAra rAjya, 1956 63. avadAna kalpalatA (bauddha saMskRta grantha) (2 khaNDa) : kSenmendra saM0 zaratcandradAsa aura paM0 harimohana vidyAbhUSaNa, pra0 bibliothekA iNDikA, kalakattA, 1888 14. avadAna-zatakam (bauddha saMskRta granthAvalI-16) : saM0 DaoN0 pI0 ela0 vaidya, pra. mithilA vidyApITha, darabhaMgA, 1958 65. itivuktaka pAli : saM0 bhikSu jagadIza kAsyapa, pra. pAli prakAzana maNDala, navanAlandA mahAvihAra, nAlandA, bihAra rAjya, 1956 66. itivuttaka (hindI anuvAda) : anu0 bhikSu dharmarakSita, pra. mahAbodhi samA, sAra nAtha, 1955 67. udAna aTTakathA (paramatthadIpanI) : AcArya dhammapAla, pra0 pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI landana, 1926 18. udAna pAli : saM0 bhikSu jagadIza kAsyapa, pra. pAli prakAzana maNDala, navanAlandA mahAvihAra, nAlandA, bihAra rAjya, 1956 66. udAna (hindI anuvAda) : anu0 bhikSa jagadIza kAsyapa, pra. mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, 1638 / 100.giliMgaTa mainaskipTsa (vinayavastu) (bauddha saMskRta grantha) (3 khaNDa' : saM0DaoN. nalinAkSa datta, pro. DI0 ema0 bhaTTAcArya tathA vidyAvAridhi paM0 zivanAtha zarmA, zrInagara, kazmIra 1642 ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariziSTa-4 : prayukta-grantha 606 101. jAtakaTTakathA pAli (prathama bhAga) : AcArya buddhaghoSa, saM0 bhikSu dharmarakSita, pra. mAratI jJAnapITha, banArasa, 1951 102. jAtakaTThakathA (7 khaNDa) : AcArya buddhaghoSa, saM0 vI0 phAusabola, landana 1877 1897 103. jAtaka (aTThakathA sahita hindI anuvAda) (khaNDa 1 se 6) : anu0 bhadanta Ananda kausalyAyana, pra0 hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga 1656 104. jAtaka pAli (tripiTaka) : saM0 bhikSu jagadIza kAsyapa, pra0 pAli prakAzana maNDala, navanAlandA mahAvihAra, nAlandA, bihAra rAjya, 1656 105. theragAthA pAli (paramatthadIpanA) (2 khaNDa) : AcArya dhammapAla, saM0 epha0 ela0 vuDavArDa,pra0 pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI ke lie lyujhAka eNDa kampanI, landana 1940 1656 106. theragAthA pAli (tripiTaka) (khuddaka nikAya khaNDa 2 ke antargata) : bhikSu jagadIza kAsyapa, pra0 pAli prakAzana maNDala, navanAlandA, mahAvihAra nAlandA, bihAra rAjya, 1956 107. yeragAthA (hindI anuvAda) : anu0 bhikSu dharmaratna, ema0 e0, pra. mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, banArasa, 1955 108. therImAthA aTThakathA (paramatthadIpanI) : AcArya dhammapAla, saM0 I0 mUlara, pra. pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI, landana, 1863 106, therIgAthA pAli (tripiTaka) (khuddaka nikAya khaNDa 2 ke antargata) : saM0 bhikSa jagadIza kAsyapa, pra0 pAli prakAzana, navanAlandA mahAvihAra, nAlandA, bihAra rAjya, 1956 110 therIgAthA (hindI anuvAda) : anu0 bharatasiMha upAdhyAya, pra0 sastA sAhitya maNDala prakAzana, dillI, 1950 111. divyavAdAna (bauddha saMskRta granthAvalI-20) : saM0 DaoN0 pI0 ela0 vaidya, pra0 mithilA vidyApITha, darabhaMgA, 1960 112. dIghanikAya aTakathA (sumaMgalavilAsinI) (3 khaNDa) : AcArya buddhaghoSa, pra0 pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI, landana 1886-1932 113. bIghanikAya pAli (tripiTaka) (3 khaNDa) : saM0 bhikSu jagadIza kAsyA, pra0 pAli prakAzana maNDala, navanAlandA mahAvihAra, nAlandA, bihAra rAjya, 1658 114. dIghanikAya (hindI anuvAda) : anu. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, pra0 mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, banArasa, 1636 115. dIpavaMza (silonI pAli grantha) : saM0 aura anu0 olDanabarga, pra0 viliyamsa eNDa norgeTa, landana, 1876 2010_05

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610 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 116. dhammapada aTThakathA (5 khaNDa) : AcArya buddhaghoSa, saM0 eca0 sI naoNramana, pra0 pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI, landana, 1906-1615 117. dhammapada pAli : saM0 bhikSa jagadIza kAsyapa, pra0 pAli prakAzana maNDala, nava nAlandA mahAvihAra, nAlandA, bihAra rAjya, 1656 118. dhammapada (kathAoM sahita hindI anuvAda) : anu0 tripiTakAcArya bhikSu dharmarakSita, ema0 e0, mAsTara khelADIlAla eNDa sansa. saMskRta buka Dipo, kacaur3I gailI, vArANasI-1, (dvitIya saMskaraNa), 1956 116. peTAvatthu aTThakathA : saM0 I0 hADI,' pra0 pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI, landana, 1601 120. buddhacarita (hindI anuvAda sahita) (2 bhAga) : azvaghoSa, saM0 aura anu sUrya nArAyaNa caudharI, pra. saMskRta bhavana, kaThautiyA, jilA-puNiyA, bihAra 1943 1953 121. bhagavAna buddha nA pacAsa dharma saMvAdo (majjhima nikAya kA gujarAtI anuvAda) : anu0 dharmAnanda kosambI, pra0 gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda, 1951 122. maMjuzrI mUlakalpa (bauddha saMskRta grantha) : saM0 TI0 gaNapati zAstrI, pra. trivendram saMskRta sirIja, 1627 123. majjhima nikAya aTThakathA (papaJcasadanI) (5 khaNDa) : AcArya buddhaghoSa, saM0 AI0 bI0 haoNranara, pra0 pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI ke lie AksaphorDa yUnivarsiTI presa, 1622-1638 124. majhima nikAya pAli (tripiTaka) (3 khaNDa) : saM0 bhikSa jagadIza kAsyapa, pra0 pAli prakAzana maNDala, navanAlandA mahAvihAra, nAlandA, bihAra rAjya, 1958 125. majjhima nikAya (hindI anuvAda) : anu0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana' pra0 mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, banArasa, 1633 126. mahAyAna sUtra saMgraha (auddha saMskRta granthAvalI-17) saM0 DaoN0 pI0 ela0 vaidya, pra0 mithilA vidyApITha, darabhaMgA, 1961 127. mahAvaMza (si nonI pAli grantha) : saM0 gAigara, pra0 pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI, landana, 1612 128. mahAvaMza (hindI anuvAda): anu0 bhadanta Ananda kausalyAyana, pra. hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga, 1956 126. mahAvastu (bauddha saMskRta grantha) (3 khaNDa) : saM0 senArTa, pedisa, 1882-1897 130. milinda paJho (pAli) : saM0 Ara0 DI0 baDekara, pra0 bambaI vizvavidyAlaya, bambaI 1640 131. milinda prazna (hindI anuvAda) : anu0 bhadanta Ananda kausalyAyana, pra. ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariziSTa 4:prayukta-grantha 132. vinayapiTaka aTThakathA (samantapAsAdikA) (7 khaNDa) : AcArya buddhaghoSa, saM0 je0 TAkAkusu, makoTo nagAI, pra0 pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI, landana, 1947 133. vinayapiTaka aTukathA (samantapAsAdikA) (2 bhAga) : pra0 saM0 DaoN0 nathamala TAMTiyA, saM0 vIrabala zarmA, pra. navanAlandA mahAvihAra, nAlandA, 1965 134. vinayapiTaka pAli (tripiTaka) (5 khaNDa) : saM0 bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa, pra0 pAli prakAzana maNDa na. navanAlandA mahAvihAra, nAlandA, bihAra rAjya, 1956 135. vinayapiTaka (hindI anuvAda) : anu0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, pra0 mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, bana rasa, 1635 136. lalita-vistara (bauddha saMskRta granthAvalI-1) : saM0 DaoN0 pI0 ela0 vaidya, pra0 mithilA vidyApITha, darabhaMgA, 1958 137. saMyuttanikAya aTThakathA (sAratthapakAsinI) : AcArya buddhaghoSa, saM0 epha. ela. vuDavArDa, pra. pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI, landana, 1926-1937 138. saMyuttanikAya pAli (tripiTaka) (4 khaNDa) : saM0 bhikSa jagadIza kAzyapa, pra0 pAli prakAzana maNDala, navanAlandA mahAvihAra, nAlandA, bihAra rAjya, 1956 136. saMyuttanikAya (hindI anuvAda) (bhAga 1, 2) : anu0 bhikSa jagadIza kAzyapa, tripiTakAcArya bhikSa dharmarakSita, pra0 mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, banArasa, 1954 140. saddharmapuNDarIka sUtram (bauddha saMskRta granthAvalI-6) : saM0 DaoN0 pI0 ela0 vaidya, pra0 mithilA vidyApITha, darabhaMgA, 1961 141. suttanipAta aTThakathA (paramatthajotikA) (2 khaNDa) : AcArya buddhaghoSa, pra0 pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI, landana, 1616-1618 142. sRttanipAta pAli (tripiTaka) (khuddaka nikAya khaNDa 1 ke antargata) : saM0 mikSa jagadIza kAzyapa, pra0 pAli prakAzana maNDala, navanAlandA mahAvihAra, nAlandA, bihAra rAjya, 1956 143. suttanipAta (hindI anuvAda sahita): anu0 bhikSu dharmaratna, ema0 e0, pra0 mahA bodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, vArANasI, (dvitIya saMskaraNa), 1960 144. The Book of Discipline (Eng. Tr. of Vinava Pitaka(5 vols.): T by I. B. Horner, Pub. for Pali Text Society by Luzac & Co. London, (Second edition), 1949-1952 145. The Book of Gradual Sayings (Eng. Tr. of Anguttara Nikaya) Vols. I, II & V) : Tr. by F.L. Woodward; (vols. III & IV): Tr. by E.M. Hare, Pub. for Pali Text Society by Luzac & Co., London (Second edition), 1951-55 146. The Book of Kindred Sayings (Eng. Tr. of Samyutta Nikaya) (Vols. I & II) Tr. by Mrs. Rhys Davids; (Vols. III, IV & V): Tr, by F.L. Woodward, Pub. for Pali Text Society by Luzac & Co., London, (Second edition), 1950-56 ___ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana (203: 984. Buddhism in Translation (Eng. Tr. of selected chapters of Bnddhist scriptures) : Tr. by Henry Clarke Warren, Ed. by Charles Rockwel Leumann, Pub. Harward Oriental Series, Cambridge Mass. Harward University, 1953 985. Buddhist Legends (Eng. Tr. of Dhammapada-Atthukatha) (3 Vols.), Tr. by E. W. Burlinghame, Pub. Hardward Oriental Series, Cambridge Massachusetts Hardward University, 1921 PXE. Buddhist Mahayana Texts (Eng. Tr. of Amitayrudhyana Sutra & other Mahayana S r. by F. Max Muller & J. Takakusu, 840. Buddhist Sutras (Eng. Tr. of seven important Buddhist suttas): Tr. by T.W. Rhys Davids, Pub. Sacred Books of the East Series, Vol. XI, Oxford, 1900 PX?. Dhammapada (Eng. Tr.) Tr. by F. Max Muller. Sacred Books of the East Series, Vol. X, part 1, Oxford, 1881 888. Dhammapada( With Accompanying Narratives) Tran. from the Chinese): Tr. by Samual Beal, Pub. Susil Gupta (India) Ltd., Calcutta-12, (Second edition), 1952 $43. Dialogues of the Buddha (Eng. Tr. of Digha Nikaya (3 vols.) : Tr. by T.W. Rhys & C.A.F. Rhys Davids &C.A.F. Rhys Davids Pub. Sacred Books of the Buddhists Series, Vol. II to IV, Oxford, London, 1899-1921 848. Dipavamsa (Eng. Tr. with Pali Text): Ed. & Tr. by H. Olden berg, London & Edinburgh, 1879 $44. Further Dialogues of the Buddha (Eng. Tr. of Majjhimanikaya) (2 vols.) : Tr. by Lord Chalmers, Pub. Sacred Books of the Buddhists Series, Vol V, VI, London, 1926-27 848. Jataka (Eng. Trans.) 7 vols.): Tr. under the Editorship of E.B. Cowell, Cambridge, 1895-1913 849. Mahavamsa (Eng. Trans.): Tr. by W. Geiger, assisted by Mabel Haynes Bode, Pub. Pali Text Socisty, London, 1912 945. Mahavamsa (Eng. Trans.) (3 Vols.): Tr. by J. J. Jones, Pub. Sacred Books of the Buddhists Series, Vol. XXVII, Luxac & Co., London, 1952-1956 XE. Psalms of Brethern (Eng. Trans. of Therigatha): Tr. by Mrs. Rhys Davids, London, 1913 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] pariziSTa 4: prayukta-grantha 613 160. Psalms of Sisters (Eng. Trans, of Therigatha): Tr. by Mrs. Rhys Davids, London, 1909 161. The Questions of King Milinda (Eng. Tr. of Milindapanho) : Tr. by T. W. Rhys Davids, Pub. Sacred Books of the East Series, Vol. XXXV, XXXVI, Oxford, 1890-94 162. Sutta Nipata (Eng. Trans ) : Tr. by V. Fausboll, Pub. Sacred Books of the East Series, Vol. X, Part II, Oxford, 1890 163. Verses of Uplift (Eng. Tr. of Udana ): Tr. by F. L. Woodward, Pub. Sacred Books of the Buddhists Series, London, 1935 164. Vinaya Texts (Eng. Tr. of Vinaya Pitaka ) (3 Vols ) : Tr. by T. W. Rhys Davids and H. Oldenberg, Pub, Sacred Books of the East Series, Vols. XIII, XVII & XX, Oxford, 1881-1885. itara - sAhitya 165. ajAtazatru : jayazaMkara prasAda, pra0 bhAratI bhaNDAra, lIDara presa, ilAhAbAda (21 vAM saMskaraNa), 1965 166. anuttaropapAtika dazA: eka adhyayana : paM0 becaradAsa dozI, saM0 vijayamuni zAstrI, pra0 sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA 167. abhidhAna cintAmaNi nAmamAlA, svopajJavRtti sahita : AcArya hemacandra, saM0 vijaya- dharma sUri, pra0 yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, banArasa aura bhAvanagara, 1915 168. abhidhAna rAjendra ( 7 bhAga) : AcArya vijaya rAjendra sUri, ratalAma, 1613-34 166. azoka : yadunandana kapUra, AgarA, 1962 170. azoka ke dharma lekha (mUla va anuvAda) : janArdana bhaTTa, ilAhAbAda 171. azoka ke dharma lekha : saM0 janArdana bhaTTa, pra0 pablikezansa Divijana, sUcanA evaM prasAra maMtrAlaya, olDa sekreTerieTa, dillI, 1657 172. aSTAdhyAyI: pANinI 173. ahiMsA paryavekSaNa : muni zrI nagarAjajI, pra0 sAhitya niketana, dillI, 1661 174. Agama yuga kA jaina darzana : dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, pra0 sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1656 175, AcArya buddhaghoSa: bhikSu dharmarakSita, pra0 mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, vArANasI, 1656 176. Adarza bauddha mahilAe~ : kumArI vidyAvatI "mAlavikA ', pra0 bhAratIya mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, banArasa, 1956 177. Arya saMskRti ke mUlAdhAra : AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya, pra0 zAradA mandira, banArasa, 1947 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 178. uttara pradeza meM bauddha dharma kA vikAsa : DA0 nalinAkSa datta tathA kRSNadatta vAjapeyI, pra0 uttara pradeza sarakAra prakAzana byUro, lakhanaU, 1956 176. uttara hindustAnamAM jaina dharma (gujarAtI anuvAda) : je0 va0 anu0 cimanalAla jecanda zAha, pra0 laoNgamainsa grIna eNDa kaM0 landana, 1637 180. kathA saritsAgara : somadeva, anu0 kedAranAtha zarmA 'sArasvata,' pra0 bihAra rASTra bhASA pariSad, paTanA, 1960 181. gupta sAmrAjya kA itihAsa : DaoN0 vAsudeva upAdhyAya, pra0 iNDina presa limiTeDa, ilAhAbAda, 1952 182. cAra tIrthaGgara : paM0 sukhalAlajI, pra. jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maNDala, banArasa, 1954 183. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa : nAthUrAma premI, pra0 hindI grantha-ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, 1958 184. jaina siddhAnta dIpikA : AcArya zrI tulasI, pra0 Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUrU, 1952 185. jainAgama zabda saMgraha (gujarAtI) : zatAvadhAnI paM0 muni zrI ratnacandra jI, pra0 saMghavI gulAbacanda jasarAja, zrI lImar3I (kAThiyAvAr3a), 1926 186. tattvasamuccaya : DA0 hIrAlAla jaina, pra0 bhArata jaina mahAmaNDala, vardhA, 1952 187. tIrthakara mahAvIra (2 bhAga) : AcArya vijayendra sUri. pra. kAzInAtha sarApha, __ yazodharma mandira, bambaI, 1960 188. tIrthaGkara varSamAna : zrIcanda rAmapuriyA, pra0 hamIramala pUnamacanda rAmapuriyA, kalakattA, 1653 186. varzana aura cintana : paM0 sukhalAlajI pra0 paM0 sukhalAnajI sanmAna samiti, ahamadAbAda, 1657 160. darzana-digdarzana : rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, pra0 kitAba mahala, ilAhAbAda, (tRtIya saMskaraNa), 1961 161. dharma aura varzana DaoN0 baladeva upAdhyAya, ema0 e0 sAhityAcArya, pra0 zAradA mandira, banArasa, 1945 162. narakesarI : (gujarAtI): jayabhikkhu, pra. jIvanamaNi sadvAcana mAlA TrasTa, ahamadAbAda, 1962 163. pAiasahamahaNNavo : kartA-paM0 haragovindadAsa vikamacanda zeTha, saM0 DA. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla, paM0 dalamukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA, pra0 prAkRta grantha pariSad, vArANasI 5 (dvitIya saMskaraNa). 1963 194. pANinikAlIna bhAratavarSa : DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, pra0 motIlAla banArasI dAsa, banArasa, 1656 165. pAtaJjala yogadarzana : maharSi pataJjali, pra0 gItA presa, gorakhapura, (tRtIya saMskaraNa), 1956 ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariziSTa 4: prayukta-grantha 615 166. pArzvanAtha kA cAturyAma dharma : dharmAnanda kosambI, anu0 zrIpAda jozI, pra0 hema candra modI pustakamAlA TrasTa, bambaI, 1657 167. pAli sAhitya kA itihAsa : bharatasiMha upAdhyAya, pra. hindI sAhitya sammelana, (dvitIya saMskaraNa), prayAga, 1663 168. praznottara tatvabodha : zrImajjayAcArya, pra0 osavAla presa, kalakattA 166. praznopaniSad : zAGkara bhASya, pra0 gItA presa, gorakhapura, (chaThA saMskaraNa), 1653 200. prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa : DaoN0 rIcarDa pizela, anu0 DaoN0 hemacandra jozI, pra0 bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSada, paTanA, 1660 201. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa : DaoN0 jagadIzacandra jaina, pra0 caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 1961 202. prAcIna bhArata : gaMgAprasAda mehatA 203. prAcIna bhArata : sI0 ema0 zrInivAsacArI rAmasvAmI AyaMgara, ilAhAbAda, 1650 204. prAcIna bhArata kA itihAsa : DaoN0 ramAzaMkara tripAThI, pra0 motIlAla banArasI dAsa, dillI, (tRtIya saMskaraNa), 1962 205. prAcIna bhAratavarSa (gujarAtI), (khaNDa 1-2) : DaoN0 tribhuvanadAsa leharacanda zAha, pra0 zazikAnta eNDa kaM0, bar3odA, 1935-36 206. buddha aura bauddha sAdhaka : bharatasiMha upAdhyAya, pra0 sastA sAhitya maNDala prakAzana dillI, 1950 207. buddha kAlIna bhAratIya bhUgola : DA0 bharatasiMha upAdhyAya, pra0 hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga, 1961 208. buddha carita : dharmAnanda kosambo, pra0 navajIvana kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda, 1637 206. buddhacaryA : rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, pra0 zivaprasAda gupta, sevA upavana, kAzI, 1932 210. buddha pUrva bhArata kA itihAsa : DA0 zyAmabihArI mizra aura zukarAjabihArI mizra, pra0 hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga , 211. buddha lIlA : dharmAnanda kosambI, pra. gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda, (caturtha AvRtti, 1956 212. bRpatkathAkoSa : AcArya hariSeNa, saM0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, pra. siMghI jana grantha mAlA, bambaI, 1643 213. bRhatkathAma bajarI : kSemendra 214. bauddhakAlIna bhArata : janArdana bhaTTha, pra0 sAhitya ratnamAlA kAryAlaya, kAzI, 1626 215. bauddha dharma ke 2500 varSa ('Ajakala' kA vArSika aGka) : pra0 pablikezansa Divijana, olDa sekreTerieTa, dillI, 1960 2010_05

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616 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana 216. bauddha dharma ke vikAsa kA itihAsa : DA. govindacandra pANDeya, pra0 hindI samiti, sUcanA vibhAga, uttara pradeza, lakhanaU, 1963 217. bauddha dharma darzana : AcArya narendradeva, pra0 bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA, 1615 218. bauddha parva (marAThI grantha) 216. bauddha saMghano paricaya : dharmAnanda kosambI, pra0 gujarAta purAtattva mandira, ahamadA bAda, 1625 220. bauddha sAhitya kI sAMskRtika jhalaka : parazurAma caturvedI, pra0 sAhitya bhavana (prAiveTa) limiTeDa, ilAhAbAda, 1658 221. brahmANDa purANa : pra0 nandalAla mora, 5 klAiva ro, kalakattA 222. bhagavAn buddha : dharmAnanda kosambI, pra0 sAhitya akAdamI, rAjakamala pablikezansa, bambaI, 1956 223. bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA itihAsa (khaNDa 2) : muni zrI jJAna sundarajI, pra0 ratna prabhAkara jJAna puSpamAlA, 1943 224. bhagavAna mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddha : kAmatA prasAda jaina. pra0 mUlacanda kizana dAsa kApar3iyA, jaina vijaya priMTiMga presa, sUrata, 1926 225. bharata-mukti (hindI kAvya) kavayitA AcArya zrI tulasI, saM0 muni zrI sAgara malajI 'zramaNa', muni zrI mahendrakumArajI 'prathama' pra0 AtmArAma eNDa sansa, dillI, 1963 226. bhAgavata purANa : pra0 gItA presa, gorakhapura 227. bhArata kA bRhat itihAsa : zrInetra pANDe, (caturtha saMskaraNa) 228. bhArata ke prAcIna rAjavaMza : mahAmahopAdhyAya paM0 vizvezvaranAtha reu, paM0 nAthU rAma 'premI', hindI grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI 1927 236. bhAratIya itihAsa eka dRSTi : DA. jyotiprasAda jaina, pra0 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, banArasa, 1657 230. bhAratIya itihAsa kI bhUmikA : DA0 rAjabalI pANDe, pra0 malahotrA bradarsa, dillI, 1646 231. bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA : rAyabahAdura paMDita gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda ojhA, pra0 rAjapUtAnA myUjiyama, ajamera, 1618 232.mAratIya saMskRti aura usakA itihAsa : DA0 satyaketu vidyAlaMkAra 233. bhAva bhAskara kAvyam : muni zrI dhanarAjajI, pra0 AtmArAma eNDa sansa, dillI, 1661 234. bhramavidhvaMsanam : jayAcArya,pra0 osavAla presa, kalakattA, 1933 235. matsya purANa : pra0 nandalAla mora, 5 klAiva ro, kalakattA, 1958 236. mahAbhASya : maharSi pataJjali, saM0 bhArgava zAstrI, pra0 nirNaya sAgara presa. bambaI, 1651 237. mahAvIra kathA (gujarAta): gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela, pra0 gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda, 1641 ___ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariziSTa 4 : prayukta-grantha 617 338. mRcchakaTika : zUdraka, saM0 goDabole, pra0 bambaI saMskRta sirIja, naM0 52, bambaI, 1866 236. vAyu purANa: pra0 manasukharAma mora, 5 klAiva ro, kalakattA, 1656 240. viSNu purANa: pra0 gItA presa, gorakhapura 241. vora - nirvANa samvat aura jaina kAla-gaNanA : muni kalyANavijayajI, pra0 ka0 vi0 zAstra samiti, jAlaura ( mAravAr3a), 1620 242. vaijayantI koSa : saM0 gustApha operTa, madrAsa, 1863 243. vaMzAlI : vijayendra sUri, pra0 yazodharma mandira, bambaI, 1658 244. zAntasudhArasa bhAvanA : AcArya vinayavijayajI, pra0 jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1637 245. zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra : muni kalyANavijayajI, pra0 ka0 vi0 zAstra saMgrAhaka samiti, jAlora, 1941 246. svapnavAsavadattA (saMskRta nATaka ) : bhAsa, saM0 gaNapati zAstrI, trivendram, 1913 247. hindU sabhyatA : DaoN0 rAdhAkumuda mukarjI, anu0 DA0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, pra0 rAjakamala pablikezansa, bambaI, 1955 248. Ancient Coins & Measures of Ceylon : Rhys Davids 246. Age of Nandas and Mauryas Ed. KA. Nikantha Shastri Pub. Motilal Banarsidass, Benaras, 1952 250. The Age of Imperial Unity / The History and Culture of Indian People, Vol. II) : Ed. Radhakumud Mukherjee, Pub. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Bombay, 1960 251. An Advanced History of India : R. C. Majumdar, H. C. Ray chaudhuri, K. K. Dutta, Pub. Macmillan & Co., London, 2nd Edition, 1950 252. Ancient India : E. J. Rapson, 1922 253. Ancient Indian Historical Tradition: E.J. Pargiter, Pnb. Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi (New Edition), 1962 254. Archaeological Survey of Western India: Buhler 255. Asoka : D. R. Bhandarkat, Pub. S. Chand & Co., Delhi, 1923 256. Asoka : Vincent A. Smith, Ed. Sir William Wilson Hunter, Pub. S. Chand & Co., Delhi, ( Indian reprint of Scond Edition), 1959 257. Buddha : His Life, His Teachings, His order : Manmath Nath Shastri, Pub. Society for the Resucitation of Indian Literature, Calcutta (Second edition), 1910 258. Buddhism : T. W. Rhys Davids, Pub. Home University Library, London, 1912 2010_05

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618 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [QUE: 3 348. Buddhist India : T. W. Rhys Davids, Pub. T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1903. 780. The Cambridge History of India : Ed. E J. Rapson, Pub. Cambridge University Press, 1921, Indian Reprint, Pub. S. Chand & Co., Delhi, 1955. 889. Chandragupta Maurya and His Times : Dr. Radha Kumud Mukharjee, Pub. Rajkamal Publications, Bombay, 1952. R&R. Chronological Problems : Dr. Shantilal Shah, Pub. The author, Bonn, Germany, 1934. 783. Chronology of Ancient India : Dr. Sita Nath Pradhan, Calcutta, 1927. REX. Corporate Life in Ancient India : Dr. R. C. Majumdar, Calcutta. 1918. REX. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum (Vol. III) : J. F. Fleet, Calcutta, 1888. 788. Der Budhismus : Prof. Kern, Pub. O. Schulge, Leipzig, 1883. REV. Dictionary of Pali Proper Names (2 Vols.) : Dr. G. P. Malala Sekera, Pub. Pali Text Society, London, 1960. R$5. Early Buddhist Monachism : S.K. Dutta 388. Early History of India : Dr. Vincent A. Smith, Oxford, 4th Edition, 1924 poo, Encyclopaedia of Buddhism : Dr. G. P. Malala Sekera, Pub, Govt. of Ceylon, 1963. 269. Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics : Ed. Hasting, Edinburgh, 1908-1926 POR. Epitome of Jainism : Purana Chandra Nabar and Krishna Chandra Ghosh, Pub. Gulab Kumari Library, Calcutta. 1919 POR. Gautam the Man : Mrs. Rhys Davids, Pub. Luzac & Co., London 398. Grammatik Der Prakrit Sprachan : Richard Pischel, Strassburg 1900 Rox. Hindu Polity: Dr. K. P. Jayaswal, Pub. Banglore Printing and Publishing Co, Banglore, 1955 25EUR. Hindus : Ward Pey. The History and Doctrines of the Ajivakas : Dr. A. L. Basham, Pub. Luzac & Co., London, 1957 995. llistory of Buddhism in India : Tarnath, Tr. into German by A. Scbiefner. St. Petersburg, 1869 pos. History of Buddhist Thought : Edward J. Thomas, London, 1933 750. Indiche Paeleographic : Buhler 754. Indological Studies : BC. Law, Vol. I & II, Pub, Indian Research Institute, Calcutta, 1950-52 ; Vol. III, Pub. Ganga Nath Jha Research Institute, Allahabad, 1954 25R. Inscriptions of Asoka : Hultsch 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] pariziSTa 4 : prayukta-grantha R53. The Jinist Studies : Dr. Otto Stein, Ed, Jina Vijaya Muni with the Co-operation of Dr. A S. Gopani, Pub. Jain Sahitya Samsodhaka Pratisthana, Ahmedabad, 1948 258. Life and Work of Buddhaghosha : B. C. Law, Pub. Thacker Spink & Co., Calcutta & Simla, 1923 R54. Life of Buddha & Early History of His Order (Described from Tibetan Works) : Tr. W. Woodvillae Rockill, Pub. Trubner's Oriental Series, London, 1907 75EUR. Life of Buddha : E. J. Thomas. Pub. Routledge & Kegen Paul Private Ltd., London, 1956 850. Life or Legend of Gautama : P. Bigandet, 4th Edition, 1911 255. Miscellaneous Essays : C. T. Colebrooke, London, 1873 855. Outline of Jain Philosophy: J. L. Jaini, Pub. Cambridge University Press, 1916 P80. Oxford History of India : V. A. Smith, Oxford. R$1. The Political History of Ancient India : H. C. Raichudhuri, Pub, Calcutta University, 6th Edition, 1953 357. The Practical Sanskrit English Dictionary (3 Vols.) : Prin. V.S. Apte, Ed. P. K. Gode & C. G. Curve, Pub. Prasad Prakashan, Poona, 1957 P93. Prasnopanishada : Tr. F. Max Muller. Pub. Sacred Books of the East Series, Vol. XV, Oxford 288. Pre-Buddhistic Indian Philosophy: B. M. Barua, Calcutta 75%. The Purana Text of ihe Dynasties of the Kali-Age : F. E. Pargiter, Oxford University Press, 1913 886. The Religion of India : E. W. Hopkins, Pub. Grinn & Co., Boston, U.S.A. 1895 (Hand Books on the History of Religions, Vol. I, Ed. Morris Jestrow) 354. Sakya : Mrs. Rhys Davids tudies in Jainism . Dr. Hermann Jacobi, Ed. Jina Vijaya Muni, Pub. Jain Sahitya Samsodhaka Karyalaya, Ahmedabad, 1946 385. Studies in the Origins of Buddhism : G. C. Pande oo, Studies in Manjushrimulakalpa : Dr. K. P. Jayaswal 309. Synchronismes Chinois : Tchang patra-patrikAeM, abhinandana grantha Adi 302. anekAnta (dvimAsika) :pra0 vIra sevA maNDala, dillI 303. AcArya zrI tulasI abhinandana grantha : pra0 AcArya zrI tulasI dhavala samAroha samiti, dillA, 1662 304. maina bhAratI (sAptAhika patrikA), pra0 jaina zve0 terApanthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA 3o4. KATTFIN (9f**T) 2010_05

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620 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana 306. prabuddha karNATaka (kannar3a traimAsika patrikA) 307. bhAratIya vidyA (zodha patrikA), pra0 bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI . 308. bhikSa smRti grantha : pra. jaina zve0 terApanthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, 1962 309. vIra (pAkSika patrikA) : pra0 akhila bhAratIya digambara jaina pariSad, dillI 310. zramaNa (mAsika patrikA): pra0 pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, vArANasI - - 311. hindustAna (dainika), dillI 312. B. C. Law Commemoration Volume, Calcutta, 1945 * 313. Indian Antiquary, Bombay 314. Indian Epheminis 315. Indian Historical Quarterly Calcutta 316. Journal of Asiatic Society, Baptist Mission, Calcutta 899. Journal of Bihar & Orissa Research Society, Patna, Bihar 318. Journal of Pali Text Society, London 319. Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal 320. Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, Great Britain : Pub. Trubner & Co., London 329. Mahavira Commomeration Volume (Vol. I) : Pub. Mahavira Jaina ___ Society, Agra, 1948-49 322. Leitschrift der Dantschen Morgenlaudischan Gesellscnafi ____ 2010_05

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zabdAnukrama 400 28 akRtatAvAda akriyavAda 4, 7, aMka-dhAya 126 akriyAvAda 7, 356 aMga 25, 206, 225 Ti0, 246, 283, akriyAvAdI 356, 357, 360 325, 346, 410, 447, 446, 450 akSi-hAraka 366 aMga-maMdira caitya 23 akSINa mahAnasa-labdhi 196,221 aMga mAgadha 406 agati 453 aMguttaranikAya 32 Ti0, 33 Ti0, agAra dharma 260 37 Ti0, 156 Ti0, 220 Ti0, agastyasiMha cUNi 212 Ti0 224 Ti0, 232 Ti0, 234 Ti0, agni 466 263 Ti0, 307 Ti0, 338 Ti0, 356, agnikumAra devatA 328, 336 378 Ti0, 381 Ti0, 383 Ti0, 385, agnibhUti 176 410, 412, 435, 437, 447 Ti0 agnimitrA maMguttaranikAya (pAli) 384, 388 agnimegha 331 Ti. baMguttaranikAya aTThakathA 33 Ti0 107, agnivezya 211 Ti0, 214 Ti0, 216 Ti0, agnivazyAyana 17, 416 222 Ti0, 235, 235 Ti0, 346, agnivaizyAyana gotrI 176 388 Ti0 agni-zAlA 245 aMgulimAla DAkU __ 321 agnihotra 205, 207 aMgulimAla bhikSu 321 agragaNya bhikSuNiyoM meM 227pra0 baMgulimAla suttanta 322 Ti0 agravAla, DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa 3 Ti0, aMgetara mAgama 450 35 Ti0, 57 Ti0, 78 Ti0,106 Ti. aMgrejI 36,414 agra zrAvaka 137, 213, 447 baMjana, buddha ke nAnA 117 aghAtI-karma 333 aMtagaDadazAMga satra 187 Ti0, 276 Ti0 acakSu darzana 172 Ti. 286, 314 Ti0 acala bhrAtA 176, 177 bakampita 176 acikitsya 266, 311 akuzala dharma 370,373,375 acitta 467 2010_05

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622 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana 415 aciravatI nadI 256,323 64, 68, 68, 63, 63 Ti0, 65, acelaka 37, 38, 73, 151, 160 101, 107, 161 Ti0,412, 415, 436 ajIva 238,260, acelaka anagAra 152 ajJAnavAda 7, 356 acelaka anuyAyI 415 aTTa 307 Ti0, acelaka bhikSu 438 aTTakathA 107 Ti0, 276, 262 Ti0, acelaka zrAvaka 266, 268, 300, 306, 312, acelaka sAvakA 415 315, 356, 362, 365, 404, acela kAzyapa 424, 436, accha 25 aTTakathAkAra 263, 307 Ti0, 435, acyUta kalpa 27, 36, 36134 aTTissara 261,266, 231, 261 aThAraha kAzI kozala ke gaNarAjA 48, achidra 328, 335, ajaka 97 Ti0 aThArahasarA devapradatta hAra 300, 300 Ti0, ajitakezakambala 4,5,7,15 pra0 303,305 75, 76, 76, 381, 363, 364 aNuvrata 8, 28 366, 400, 403, 405, 407, aNuvratI 282 408, 413, 418,421, aNavaTTappA 464 422, 402, 441, 442, aNuttarovavAI basAMga sUtra 228 Ti0, 278 ajitajaya 82 Ti0 278 Ti0, 276 Ti0, 287, ajAtazatru (koNika) 6,7,46, 47 Ti0 287 Ti0, 300 Ti0,308 Ti0, 51 Ti0, 54, 54, 60, 61. 62, 315 Ti0, 314 Ti0, 64 Ti0, 65,68,76, 77, 83, aNDakoza-hAraka 88 Ti0, 86 Ti0, 60, 63 Ti0 aticAra 237, 237, 238 63, 65 Ti0, 102 Ti0, 103, atimuktakakumAra Ti0, 107, 108, 106, 223, ativRSTi 235, 261, 262 pra0, 284 pra0 atizaya 127 Ti0, 128, 290 265, 271, 282, 283, 285, . atIta aMzavAdI 371 287, 287 pra0, 306, 306 Ti. atharvaveda 128 316, 317, 318, 316 Ti0, adattAdAna 185, 236, 401, 454 322, 323, 326, 326 Ti0, adattAdAna-viramaNa 260 ....... 344, 368, 366, 400, 401, adRSTavAda 440 adharma ajAtazatru kA janma 264 adharmavAdI 453 ajAtazatru kA pUrva bhava 307 adhika raNa-samatha ajAtazatru kI mRtyu 306 adhivAsa 442 ajAtazatru kA rAjyArohaNa 53, 53 Ti0, adhisImakRSNa 86 Ti. 453 465 ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] sabdAnukrama 623 adhyayana, mahAvIra kA 134 anuttara 377 adhyavasAya 236 anuttara vimAna 314 adhvagata 337 anuttara samyag sambodhi 401,402 adhvanika 362 anuprajJapti 454,455 anagAra 22, 270, 270, 274, 274 anuyAyI rAjA / 356, Ti. anagAra dharma 158, 184, 236, 272, 367 Ti0, 366 Ti0, 440 Ti0 anavatapta sarovara 206 anuruddha 51 Ti0, 63 Ti0, 65 Ti. anavadyA 65, 66 Ti0 102 Ti0 215, anazana 226, 230, 231, 235, 216, 223, 224, 235 Ti0, 237, 236, 240, 270, 303 343, 344 anAgatavaMza 283 Ti0, 366 Ti0, anuzAsanIya-prAtihArya 268 anAgAmI 424 anuzrava 234, 371 anAcchAdita citta 352 anuzrAvaNa 264 anAthapiNDika 82,265, 260, anUpiyA 155, 215, 226 Ti0, 323, 450 Ti0,455, 841 262, 352, anAthapiNDika devaputra 246 anekAntavAdI 360 anAthapiNDika bagga 220 Ti0, anANika 360, 362 anAthapiNDika sudatta gRhapati 233 anaiSaNIya 273 243 pra0 anomA nadI anAthapiNDikovAda 246 Ti0, ana-upazama-saMvartanika 360, 362 anAthI muni 272, 274 antarikSa-gAmI anApatti 454,455 andhakaviMda 256 anArya 416 anna-kathA anArya gAMva 348 anyonyavAda anArya deza 348 apagarbha 405 anArya bhUmi 348 apatagaMdhA anArya vacana 368 apadAna 370 anAvasthApya 464 aparagoyAna 137 anAvRSTi 443 apavartana 374 anAzrava 342 apazcima mAraNAntika saMlekhanA anAzvAsika brahmacarya-vAsa 420 pra0, apApA 330, 346 anAsakti 246 apApAbRhatkalpa 80 Ti0, aniyata 465 apAya 377 aniruddha kA rAjyAbhiSeka 102 apAyika 266 ani rima 186 apuSTa vyAkaraNa 332 anizcitatAvAda 400 apoha 309 anukampA apramAda 343 anugAra-varacara 406 apsarA 410 406 x . in to or ___ 2010_05

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624 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 abAdha 26 amitAyuni sutta 276, 286. 267 abrahmacarya 406,458, 461 268 abrahmacaryavAsa 40, 420, 421 amRta megha abrahmacArI 438 amRtodana-putra 226 abhaya kA rAjyAbhiSeka 62 Ti0 amRtaudana zAkya 224, Ti. abhayakumAra 8, 63, 63 Ti0, 165 ambar3a zrAvaka 242,243 234 Ti0, 235, 235 Ti0, ambAlI 287, 308 Ti. 242, 271, 276, 281 287, ayaMpula (AjIvikopAsaka) 25 264, 308 pra0, 306, 308 pra0, ayutAyus 88 Ti. 306, 306 Ti0, 316, 354 ayodhyA pra0, 366 Ti0, 383, 401 arasamegha 331. Ti0 abhayakumAra kA janma 308 arihanta 22, 37, 123, 125, 188 abhayakumAra kathA 313 Ti. 237, 242, 278, 465 abhayakumAra bhikSu 314 aruNAbha vimAna 237, 236 pramayatthara apadAna 315 arUpa bhava Ti. abhayadeva sUri 284 arUpa-loka 140 abhayarAjakumAra dekheM, abhayakumAra aroga-citta 358 abhayarAjakumAra sutta 306 Ti0,310 arca 366 artha 425 abhaya licchavI 372 arthazAstra 306 abhaya sutta 312 arthAgama 450 abhigraha 18, 178, 237 ardhamAgadhI 452, 456 abhigraha, mahAvIra kA 136 arlI hisTrI Apha iNDiyA 66 Ti., abhijAti 372, 374 arhat 77, 78, 141, 202, abhiyAna cintAmaNi koza (nAmamAlA) 204, 206, 208, 206, 211, 284 Ti0, 285 Ti0, 251 Ti0, 212, 218, 221, 222, 226, abhidhAna rAjendra 37 Ti0, 313 Ti0, 243, 251, 270, 275, 280, abhiniSkramaNa 181, 168 303, 315, 328,326, 356, abhiniSkramaNa buddha kA 147, 148, 150 266, 377, 382, 383, 363, abhiniSkramaNa, mahAvIra kA 365, 366, 404, 405, 408, abhiniSkramaNa mahotsava 406, 410, 411, 416 abhinIhAra 122 447, 453, 454 abhimanyu 86 Ti0 arhat pada 312, 386 abhisambodhi 155, 211 arhatphala 212 abhIcakamAra 167, 315, 316, arhat-mArga abhyAkhyAna 185 arhatva 211, 256 amaravatI nagara 121 alaberunI 52, 100 Ti0, amAtyageha 226 Ti0, aloka 260, 384 423 ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] zabdAnukrama 625 alpa-vayaska dIkSA 466 azoka ke dharma lekha 17 Ti0, 113 Ti., allakappa 344 azoka ke zilA lekha 17, 110 pra0 avadAtavasana gRhI 415 azoka candra 266, 302 avadAna 315Ti0, 316 azoka vATikA 28, 197 avadAnakalpatA 316, 323 Ti0 azoka vRkSa avadAna zataka 263.293 Ti0 azokAvadAna 113, 114 Ti. avadhijJAna 128, 126 Ti0, 131, azmaka 132, 173, 173 Ti0, 180, azvaghoSa 236, 382 azvajit bhikSu 201 Ti0, 307, 208 avadhidarzana 173 Ti0 azvasena 87 Ti0, avantI 76, 76 Ti0, 87 Ti0, 88 aSTAMga uposatha-vrata 410 Ti0, 62, 63 Ti0, 66, 67 Ti0, aSTAMga nimitta 18, 126 101 Ti0, 102, 225 Ti0, aSTAMgika mArga 158, 405 234 Ti0, 410 aSTApada 127, 133, 166, 199 avantIvardhana 87 Ti0, 66 Ti0 asatya 411, 466 avantI-vijaya 67 asaMyamI 435 avayaska dIkSA 468 asama devaputra 421 avava 307 Ti0 a-samyak-sambuddha-pravedita 360,362 avasarpiNI 25, 121, 185, 321, asitaMjana nagara 233 Ti., 332, asita RSi 445 avasvApinI nidrA 131 asibandhaka putra grAmaNI 354, 376 pra. avitarka-avicAra samAdhi 380, 281 378, 376 avidyA 424 asurendra 155, 305 avinayavAdI 453 asthika grAma 348 avirata 416 asthi garbha avIci naraka 14, 171,261,266 asthi groma avItadveSa 416 assasaMta 357 avItamoha 416 assI mahAzrAvaka avItarAga 416,453 ahaha 307Ti. avedanIya-karma 372, 374 ahiMsA 378,466 anvuda 307 ahiMsA paryavekSaNa 368 Ti0 azanimegha 331 ahetuvAda azoka samrATa 46 Ti0 ahetuvAdI 425, 420,431 104, 111, 111 Ti0, 112, 113, 115, 116 Ti0, 116, A .. 223, 442,456 azoka 125 Ti. AkAra-parivitarka azoka kA rAjyArohaNa 65, 60,117 AkAzagAminI vidyA 223 226 ____ 2010_05

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6.26 AkAza-gAmI AkAza mArga AkAzavANI AkAzAtipAtI labdhi AkAzAntyAyatana AkiMcantyAyatana AkoTaka devaputra AkSepa nivAraka AkheTaka Agama-grantha bhAgamagharoM - Agama-praNetA Agama yuga kA jaina darzana Agama 7, 12, 16, 17, 26, 31, 34, 35, 37, 37 Ti0, 36, 42, 48, 66, 78, 106, 125, 127 134, 218, 230, 232, 235, 271, 278, 287, 288, 266, 318, 324, 325, 332 354 367, 367, 422, 444, 450 452 346 457 450 266, Ti0 315, Ti0 324 227, 228, 277, 320 356, 367, 378, 380 457 420, Agama- racayitA Agama sAhitya Agamika Agamika ullekha Agamika vidhAna AcAra-pakSa AcAra-prakalpa Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana 422 AgamoM kI lekhabaddhatA AgAra dharma AcAra-grantha aura AcAra-saMhitA AcAra vastu AcAra zAstra AcArAMga 2010_05 181, 302, 305 450 AcArAMga niyukti AcArAMga cUrNi 221 450, 450 Ti0 343 AcArya 343 422 156, 465, 465. AcArya buddhaghoSa 266 Ti0 306 Ti0, 413, 414, 415, C 412 AcArya zrI tulasI abhinandana grantha 16 Ti0 337 Ajakala 45 Ti0 Ajanya ghor3I AjIvaka 306 308 45.8 457 236 446 pra0 466 pra0 450 450 187 42, 125, 128 di0, [ khaNDa : 1 151 Ti0, 152, 154 Ti0, 170 Ti0, 450 252 36, 37, 38, 36, 106 Ti0 257, 411, 412, 414, 415, 417, 424, 437, 442, 453 62 Ti0 36 415 27 414 415, 417 416 38 8, 25, 33 Ti0, 34, 36 3, 216, 223, 224 25, 26, 52 171 170 336, 353 AjIvaka AjIvaka upAsaka AjIvaka gRhastha AjIvaka deva AjIvaka pravartaka AjIvaka bhikSu AjIvaka bhikSuNiyAM AjIvakoM kA itihAsa aura siddhAnta AjIvika AjJAkauNDinya ATha carama ATha sahasralokAntara AtApanA AtumA Atma-rakSaka deva AtmA AtmAdvaitavAdI Adi purANa AdezanA - prAtihArya AdhAkarma AdhArabhUta grantha Anantarya karma 356 11 pra0 120 Ti0 268 464 318 266

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itihAsa aura paramparA) zabdAnukrama 127 46 Ananda 70,71,73, 220, 222 pra0,226 Arya-dharma 454 246, 255, 256, 261, 266 Arya-zrAvaka 408,408 267, 277,316, 328, 326 Arya-zrAvikA 365 337, 338, 336, 340, 341 Arya saMskRti ke mUlAdhAra 84 Ti. 342, 355, 382, 383, 360, 361. AlambhiyA (AlaMbhikA) 23, 233, 324, 363, 405, 412, 417, 418, 420, 348, 346 420,421, 432, 453, 454, 470, AlavI 353 471 AlAra-kAlAma 156, 172, 172, 336, Ananda (mahAvIra ke sthavira ziSya) 21 pra0, 340, 445, 445 114 Ti0, 115, 216 AlocanA 236, 236, 270, 464, 465 Ananda upAsaka dekheM, Ananda gRhapati AvattA 348 Ananda gRhapati 16, 234 Ti0 / AvartanI mAyA 362, 365, 366 235 pra0 Avazyaka kathA Ananda-caitya 338 Avazyaka cUNi 26 Ti0, 30 Ti0, 31 Ti0 Ananda zrAvaka dekhe, Ananda gRhapati 34 Ti0, 164 Ti0, 178 Ti0, AnupUrvI kathA 244, 358, 364 180 Ti0, 233 Ti0, 243 Ti0. ApaNa (aMguttarApa) 353 284 Ti0, 268 Ti0, 266, 266 Ti0, Apatti 454,454 306 Ti0, 310 Ti0, 315 Ti0, Abhiyogika AmaSauSadha labdhi 221 Avazyaka TIkA Amra udyAna 396 Avazyaka niyukti 26 Ti0,30 Ti0, Amra-vana 368 31 Ti0, 120 Ti0. 121 Ti0, mAmra-vana prAsAda 361 155 Ti0, 158 Ti0, 161 Ti., AyaMvila varddhamAna tapa 227 164 Ti0,165 Ti0, 168 Ti0, Ayatana 277 178 Ti.,346 ArA 331 Avazyaka niyukti dIpikA 155 Ti0, ArAma-sevaka 407 Avazyaka niyukti hAribhadriya 155 Ti0 Aruddhaka 438 Avazyaka bhASya 346 Aropya Avazyaka sUtra 367 Ti. Arjava 170 AzAtanA 161 Arta dhyAna 460 Azrama 442 ArdrakakumAra muni 7,8 pra0, 8 Ti0, 36, Azrava 8, 204, 260, 356 151, 313 Ti0, 316, 316 Ti0, 373, 375,383, 386 360, 367 Ti. 388 mAIkapura 8 AsurI Arya-uposatha 408, 408, 411 325 Ti0, 120 2010_05

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628 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa:1 353 455 uccAra-prasavaNa 238 ucchedavAda 400 iMDiyana eNTikverI ucchedavAdI 57,357,431 ikSvAku vaMza 128, 141 Ti0 ujjayinI 80 Ti0, 206, 211 icchAnaMgala (kozala) 225 Ti0, 286, 308, 306, icchA-parimANa vrata 236 310 Ti0, 318, 325 itihAsa 128 utkaTaka Asana itsiga 112 uttarakAlika 316, 325 indogrIka 440 Ti0 uttarakuru 137, 137 Ti0, 206 indra 13, 125, 127, 131, 133 uttara kSatriya kuNDapura 125, 456 134, 135, 162165, 168, uttara purANa 82, 285, 285 Ti. 170, 200, 220, 226, 235, uttara pradeza meM bauddha dharma kA pracAra 316 Ti0 280,302, 328,330,334, uttara bhArata 65 __ 336, 402 uttara manuSya-dharma indrabhUti (dekheM, gautama svAmI) 73, 74, uttaravartI TIkA 174, 176, 177, 178 uttaravartI sAhitya 263 indrIya-jayI 228 - uttara-vAcAlA 348 indriya-bhAvanA 256 uttara hindustAna mAM jaina dharma 17 Ti0, indriya-saMyama 246 36 Ti. indriyAM 367 uttarAdhyaya 332 Ti0 indriyANI 131 uttarAdhyayana sUtra 15, 15 Ti0, 42, isilA 111 163 Ti0, 166 Ti0, 200 Ti0,272Ti0, 272, 302 Ti0302 Ti0, 316, 317 Ti0, 333, 332 Ti0, 401 Ti0, 416 Ti0 ItjhAnA 117, 118 uttarA nandamAtA 234 Iti 443 uttarApatha 66 Ti0 IrAna 8 Ti0 uttarAphAlgunI nakSatra 126, 135 IryA 230 uttarASADhA nakSatra 138, 146 IzAnendra 336 uttarAsaMga 16, 183,263,286,366 Izvara kartRtvavAdI 425, 431 utthAna 238 ihA 306 utthAna-saMjJA 362 utpala naimittika utpalavarNA 224 utsapiNI-kAla 185,331,332, 334 ugra (uggA) gRhapati 234, 338 Ti0 udaka zAlAeM 277 ugravaMzI 201 udagra-citta uccakulIna 225 udanta naigama 244 ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] zabdAnukrama 624 413 ar 470 226 udaya 102 Ti0 upayavarga udayana vatsarAja 234, 316, 318 pra0 uparAjA 325 udayamadda 51 Ti0 upavattana 340,405 udayAzva 65 Ti0 upavAna 340 udAyI sthavira 212 upavAsa 168 Ti0 udAna 147, 268,357 upazama 221, 333 udAna aTThakathA 214 Ti0, 284 Ti0 upazama-saMvartanika udAyana bhikSu 315 upazreNika udAyana rAjA (rAjarSi) 167 pra0, 167Ti. upasampadA 201 Ti0, 202, 204, 205, 268, 313, 315, 316, 317, 325 207, 206, 266, 403,405, udAyI (udAyana koNDinyAyana) 22, 23, 88 Ti0, 63 Ti0, 65 Ti0 upasampadA varga 438 102 Ti0,185 upasarga 152,160, 168,166, 232 udAyIbhadra (udAyI) 65 Ti0, 102 Ti0 upasena vaMganta-putra 306, 413 upasthAka 222, 226 udAyI kA rAjyAbhiSeka 101 upasthAna-zAlA 245, 277, 386 udIcca 424 upasthApaka 326 udIraNA 374 upAMga 288, 446 udgata gRhapati 234 upAdAna 382 uddaka-rAmaputra 156, 172 upAdhyAya 186, 446, 465 uddaNDapura nagara 23 upAdhyAya, DaoN. baladeva 78 Ti0, 84 Ti0 udyamazIla 225 upAdhyAya, bharatasiMha 346 Ti0, udyamazIlA 227 353 Ti0 udraka upAdhyAya, DaoN0 vAsudeva / udrAyaNa 167 Ti0, 315 pra0 upAli 215 pra0, 216, 223 pra0, 226 374 upAli gRhapati 354, 360 pra0, 362 unnAga 348 362,454,466 upaka 106 Ti0 upAli suttanta 367, 363 upagupta 113 Ti0 upAzraya 411 upatiSya 206, 224 Ti0 upAsaka 204, 211, 232, 265 upadeza prAsAda 243 Ti0 280,282, 287,261, 301,312 upadezamAlA saTIka 284 Ti0 312, 316, 320, 324, 337, 357 upadhAna 364, 367, 366, 378, 376, 388 upananda 367,400,402,407, 415,424 upanandapATaka 26 467 upaniSada 268 upAsaka-upAsikAe~ 381 Ti0 upa-pAramitAeM 167 upAptakadazAMka sUtra 28 Ti0, 28,26 Ti0, upapradAna 306 34, 38, 250 Ti0, 232, 233, udavartana . 416 26 ____ 2010_05

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630 upAsaka zrAvaka upAsaka saMgha upAsanA upAsikA upAsikA-saMgha 236 Ti0, 260 Ti0, 324 Ti0, RSabhadatta 325 RSabhadeva 232 RSi - giri 280 RSipattana 276 211, 232, 364 280 377 76, 137, 267, 275, 276, 368 466 307 Ti0 174 upekSA sahagata citta uposatha uposathAgAra uppala uruvela uruvelA urubela kAzyapa ullekha- prasaMga uvayAlI vAI sUtra uzIradhvaja parvata Urdhvaloka Rgveda RjubAlikA nadI Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana 156, 175, 205 207, 234 Ti0, 352 161, 161, 206 207, 226, 275 356, 368 pra0 287 221 Ti0, 228 Ti0, 283 Ti0, 260 Ti0 137 U 2010_05 E 128 170, 346 220, 221, 263, 278, 331 Rddhi RddhipAda 248 Ti0, 268, 364 Rddhi prAtihArya Rddhi-bala 256, 265, 276, 397 RddhimAna 220, 224, 256, 272, 376, RddhizAlinI RSi-pravrajyA RSi maNDala prakaraNa eka ahorAtra pratimA ekakanipAta 374 114 Ti0 114, 172, 201, 203, 212, 352 435 284 Tika ekarAT eka rAtri pratimA eka vastra pahanane vAle 37 414 423 226 227 410 367 etadagga vagga 224, 227, 233, 381 Ti0, 328 enasAiklopIDiyA Apha buddhijma 268 eSaNIya 237 eka zATikA ekAdazAMgI ekAvalI tapa ekAhArI ekendriya prANI aikSvAkuvaMza aiNeyaka [khaNDa : 1 53, 128, 183 pra0 116, 120 Ti0 eka zATaka (eka vastradhArI ) nirgrantha 228 224 Ti0, 232 Ti0, 234 Ti0, 447 Ti0 106 Ti0 aitihAsika kSetra aitihAsika gaveSaNA aitihAsika ghaTanA-prasaMga aitihAsika tathya 228 dekheM, eka zATaka nirgrantha 87 Ti0 22, 23 65 450 266 56, 62, 65, 60, 363 63 Ti0 227 aitihAsika dRSTi 54, 61, 86, 455 pra0

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xxx 361 o itihAsa aura paramparA zabdAnukrama 631 aitihAsika dRSTipAta 451 kajaMgalA 31, 137, 187, 324, aitihAsika dhAraNA 55, 66, 76, 81, 348, 353 61 kaNTakavRttika bhikSuka aitihAsika paddhati 66 kaNhakumAra aitihAsika paramparA 84 kaNNakujja aitihAsika puruSa 108 kathA aitihAsika pramANa 106 kathA-prasaMga 448 aitihAsika saMvatsara 76 kathA-vastu aindrajAlika 164, 177 kathAsaritsAgara 100 Ti0, 317 Ti0 aindra vyAkaraNa 134 kathA-sAhitya 316, 318,420 airAvaNa 424 kanakakhala Azramapada 348 airAvaNa deva 200 kanakAvalI tapa 227 kaniSka kaniSThatA, buddha kI 402 kanthaka 127, 140, 148, ojhA, mahAmahopAdhyAya rAyabahAdura gaurIzaMkara 78 Ti. kanthaka-nivartaka-catya mopasAda 353 kapila obara milara 455 kapila, AcArya olDanabarga 455 kapila darzana 120 kapilavastu 43,43 Ti0, 114 Ti0, 114, au 125, 137, 136, 140, 174, autpAtikI 306 212, 214, 215, 224 Ti0, auddezika 273 225 Ti0, 226 Ti0, 227 Ti. auSapAtika prakaraNa 234 Ti0, 328, 344, 352 353, aupapAtika sUtra 127 Ti0, 174 Ti. 374, 388, 470 201 Ti0, 227, 288, kapilA brAhmaNI 276, 280 288 Ti0, 286 Ti0, 260 Ti0, kapizIrSa 341 291 Ti0, 262 Ti0, 306 Ti0, kapUra, yadunandana 116 Ti. 456 Ti0 kabandhI kAtyAyana kampilapura kamboja kammAsadamma (kuru) kaMkhAkheta 225 kayaMgalA nagarI dekheM, kajaMgalA kakutthA nadI 340 kayalI samAgama 348 kakuda kAtyAyana 442 karaNa kakuddha vRkSa 206 karIsabhUmi kakudha 262 karuNA 378 261 353 ____ 2010_05

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632 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 karuNa sahagata citta 377 kalpArthabodhinI 333 Ti0, 335 Ti0 karNikAra 17 kalpika kuTiyAM karna, pro0 105 kalyANavijayajI, muni 56, 62, 63, karma 8, 33, 176, 181, 184 Ti0, 65 Ti0,74, 80 Ti0, 84 Ti0, 222, 238, 360, 367, 375, 14 Ti0, 65 Ti0, 362 382,383,386,387, 425, kavi 225 430,432,436 kaSAya 120, 162 karma-carcA 366 pra0,360 kasAI karmavAdI 37 kahAvalI 46, 50 karmAvasthA 374, 374 Ti0 kAMdarpita karmAragrAma 348 kAMpilyapura 233, 346, 350 kalaMkabakA sanniveza 348 kAkabaliya 246 kalaMda (kalaMdakanivApa) 17, 75 kAkaMdI 346, 360 kalandaka nivApa 262, 310, 368, kAkavarNa 86, 86 Ti0, 87 Ti0, 86 Ti0, 386,402, 406, 421 64 Ti0,103 Ti0, kalaha 185 kAkavarNa kA rAjyAbhiSeka 101 kaliMga 97,67 Ti0, 16 Ti0, 88 Ti0 kAjaMgala grAma 441 kaliga rAjA 345 kAtyAyana gotrIya 187, 188, 256 kaligAraNya 363 kAtyAyanI 234 kaliyuga 86 Ti0, kApilIya zAstra 128, 187 kalkirAja 82, 82 Ti0 kApota lezyA 416 kalpa 116, 137, 140, 261, 267, kAmadeva 233 266, 326, 337, 338, kAma bhava & Ti0, 368, 376, 443 / 381 kalpadruma kalikA 170 Ti0 kAma mahAvana 346 kalpalatA vyAkhyA 132 Ti0, 135 Ti0 kAmesu micchAcAra 401 kalpavRkSa 220,332 kAya-karma kalpa sUtra 33 Ti0, 42 Ti0, 44, 44Ti0, kAya-daNDa 360,361, 366, 48 Ti0, 83 Ti0, 128 Ti0, . 126 Ti0, 131, 132 Ti0, 135 Ti0 kAya-duzcarita 357 164 Ti0, 170 Ti0, 174 Ti0, kAya-sucarita 357 216 Ti0, 227, 267 Ti0, 326, kAya-smRti 454 330 Ti0, 332 Ti0, 334 Ti0, kAyika 335 Ti0,346 kAyika pApa 367 kaspasUtra (baMgalA anuvAda) 340 Ti0 kAyotsarga 153, 162, 165, 182, kalpasUtra bAlAvabodha 161 Ti0 168 Ti0, 464 kalpasUtrArtha prabodhinI 126 Ti0, 178 Ti0, kArAgRhika 412 166 Ti0 kArmikI 306 420 ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA] zabdAnukrama kArSApaNa . .210, 321, 433, 436 kAzyapa gotrI 176 kAla 384 kAzyapa buddha 150 kAla udAyI 211,226 kipAka-phala 201 kAla kumAra 287, 287, 300 kiMvadanti ..... 420 kAla-krama 58, 65 Ti0, 65, 66, kimbila 217 .87 Ti0, 86 Ti0, 101, kilviSika 36,220 106, 108, 118, 281 kITAgiri 352 kAlakrama (rAjAo kA) 46 kuMDiyAyana caitya 23 kAla-gaNanA 64, 65, 82, 83, 101 kukkuTa / 316 Ti0,102 Ti0, 108, 116, kukkuTavatI 226 Ti. . 117, 281, 282 346, kuNDakaulika .. 27, 233, 422 347, 353 kuNDagrAma 348 kAla-cakra 332 kuNDadhAna 225 kAla devala tapasvI 126, 140 kuNDalakezA 224, 227 kAla-dharma 314 kuNDalA yakSiNI 442 kAla-nirNaya 41 pra0, 98 Ti0, 320 kuNDAla sanniveza 348 Ti0, 330 Ti, 343 Ti0, kuNDiyA 225 Ti0, 234 Ti0, 361 Ti0, 362 Ti0, 363 kutUhalazAlA Ti0, 401 403 Ti0, 404 kutUhalazAlA sutta 382 Ti0, 406 Ti0, kutrikApaNaM 181 kAla zilA . 374-375, 436 kubera rAjA 330 kAla zilA-pradeza 436 kumAra kAlazorika mahAkasAI 276, 313 kumAra udayabhadra kAlasutta 308 Ti. kumAra kAzyapa 266 kAlAya sanniveza 30, 348 kumAra grAma 136 kAlAzoka 86, 86 Ti0, 103 Ti0, kumArapAla rAjA kAlAzoka-putra 103 Ti0 kumArAka sanniveza 30, 348 kAlAsavesiyaputta anagAra 163 kumuda 307 Ti. kAlI 286, 287, 301 kummaNDa nigaNTha 442 kAlI upAsikA 234 kAlUgaNI, terApaMtha ke aSTamAcArya 42 Ti0 kuraradhara 225 Ti0,239 Ti. 25, 87 Ti0, 105, 226 kuru / 225 Ti0, 354, 410 Ti0, 234 Ti0, 282, 267 kuruvaMzI 201 325, 346, 353, 410 kuruSa, samrATa 8 Ti. 423, 424, 447 kulakara 334 kAzI-kozala 301, 302, 325 kula-geha 226 Ti0, 227 Ti0, kAzyapa 24 234 Ti. kAzyapa gRhapati 187 kula-dharma 282 REFEREEEEEEEEEEEEEEE: kAzI ___ 2010_05

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Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana kutra-prasAdaka 226 kevalajJAna 64, 116, 170, 172, kula-putra 226 Ti. 172 Ti0,180 380 kevalajJAnI 270 kuzala dharma 262, 370, 373, 375 kevaladarzana 170 Ti. 421 kevalI 21, 27, 53, 73, 188 kuzAvatI 342 227, 270, 315, 329 kuzInagara 44, 43 Ti0, 113 Ti0, 115 keza-lucana kuzInArA 117 Ti, 288, 328 kezIkumAra zramaNa 160 pra0, 197, 168 338, 336, 340, 341 168 Ti0,315, 324 342, 343, 344, 353 kaivalya 11, 170 pra0, 174, 218 404 216, 262, 280, 281 kuSThI 276 330, 334, 335, 382 kumthAla 64 Ti. 469 kUTadanta vipra 275, 281 kaivalya aura bodhi prakaraNa 421 Ti. kUTabanta sUtra 275, 281 kaivalya-lAbha 83, 106 107, 158 kuNi 300 177, 218, 274 kUpanaya 30 kaivalya-sAdhanA 152 kapiya sanniveza 31,348 kaivalyAvasthA 346, 350, 351 kUrma grAma 20, 348 kokAlika 266 kUlavAlaya bhikSu 46, 302 302 Ti0, 305 kokAlika kaTamora-tissaka 267 kRtaMgalA dekheM, kajaMgalA kokAliya sutta 307 kRza sAMkRtya 37, 412 koDAla gotrIya 128 kRzA-gautamI 147, 227 koDinna 174, 196 68 Ti0 koNika dekheM, ajAtazatru kRSNa abhijAti 37,412,417 koreyya 353 kRSNa abhijAti-kRSNa dharma 417 koliyaputra 263 kRSNa abhijAti-na kRSNa, na zukla (dharma) kolita 206 418 kolita grAma 224 Ti0 kRSNa abhijAti-zukla-dharma 417 koliya duhitA supravAsA 225 Ti0, 234 kRSNa lezyA 416 koliyo 344, 353 kRSNa nadI 308 kollAka grAma ketumatI vimAna 441 kollAga upanagara 236 kenTana ke bindu saMgraha 104 kollAga sanniveza 26, 176, 238, kenTana nagara 104 348 kenTanIja tArIkha 68 kozala devI 286, 264, 265, 267 kenTanIja paramparA 268 kRSNa ____ 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA zabdAnukrama kozala deza 297, 268, 306, 325 kSatavidhavAdI 425, 431 346, 378, 410, 423, kSatriya 11, 75, 117, 125 447 135, 137, 142, 147 koSAdhyakSa 446 165, 170, 104, 213 koSThaka caitya 17, 24, 25, 160 225, Ti0,226 Ti0, 227 270 Ti0, 234 Ti0, 288, kosambI, dharmAnanda 2 Ti0, 3, 4, 16 Ti0 264, 311, 322, 342 58, 74, 105, 106 Ti0, 344, 366, 366, 383 175 386,402,418 kosala 321, 353 kSatriya kanyA 322 kosalaka 322 kSatriya kuNDapura 48, 126, 131, 135 kosala gotraja 322 184, 328 kosalavAsI 322 kSatriya vaMza 128, 201, 213 kosala saMyutta 320 Ti0, kSamA-yAcanA 236 kauTilya arthazAstra 134 Ti0, kSamAzramaNa 186 kauTumbika 252, 252 pra0, kSayopazama 236 kauTumbika puruSa 277, 318 kSAnti 170, 371 kauNDinya 141 156 201 Ti0, 202 kSAra medha 331 kauNDinya gotrI 176 kSINAsrava 212 kautUhalazAlA sutta 381 pra. kSIra-megha 331 kautsa 25 kSIra-samudra 127, 336 kaupIna (eka vastra) dhArI loka 414 kSIrodaka 336 kaumudI 76 kSudranagaraka 342 kauzala 25, 75, 86 Ti0, 88 Ti0, kSudrakavastuskanSaka 276 176, 225 Ti0, kSetprojA 286 227 Ti0,233 Ti0, kSetra 385 kauzAmbI 86 Ti0, 176, 178, 185 kSetra-mahotsava 226 Ti0, 234 Ti0, 262 kSetrajJa 286 272, 274, 318, 316 kSetrojA 286 342, 346, 346, 350 / / 88 Ti0, 352, 420 kSemaka 86 Ti0, kozika 165 kSemajit 88 Ti0, 86 Ti0, 64 Ti0, kriyAvAda 7, 37, 356 samajit kA rAjyAbhiSeka kriyAvAdI 356, 357, 356 kSemavardhana 88 Ti, 86 Ti0, 64 Ti0, krItakRta 273 kSemevardhana kA rAjyAbhiSeka krUrakarmAntaka 412 kSemendra 101 Ti. krodha 185, 260, 416 142 y0 kSema 2010_05

Page #690
636 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana . kha . gayAsIsa 268 gayA kAzyapa 205, 207 khaTTamegha . . 331, Ti0, garahadinna aura sirigutta 367 pra0 khaNDadevI-putra samudradatta 267 garur3a byUha 301 bandhaka saMyutta 413 Ti0, gardabhAla parivrAjaka 187 khandhadagga 413 garbha-haraNa mahAvIra kA 125, 125 Ti0 khANumatta (magadha) 128 pra0, 183 khAravela rAjA 67 Ti0, 68 Ti0, gavApati 24 khAravela kA rAjyArambha 18 Ti0, gaveSaNA 309 khujjuttarA 234, 316 gavyUta 328 khutAna 104 gAvuta 251 khuddaka nikAya 314 Ti0, gAigara, DaoN0 65 Ti0, 105 khemA 224, 227, 277, 286 105 Ti0 khoha-lekha 82 giri nigaNTha 442 girimekhala hAthI 166, 167, 168 girivraja 87, 64 Ti. gilagiTa mAMskRSTa 285 Ti0, 308 Ti. gaMgA 4, 48, 276, 300, 303, gihI-odAtavasanA 415 201, 305, 331 Ti0, guNacandra, AcArya 346 348, 448 guNabhadra gaMgeya anagAra 163 guNavrata gaMDakI nadI 348 guNaratna tapa 314 gagga 321 guNaratnasaMvatsara-tapa 226 gaNadhara 41, 73, 77, 178, 183 guNazila udyAna 277 160, 166, 216, 270 guNazila caitya 187 313, 326 gupta gaNadhara pada 32 gupta-saMvat gaNadhara vAda 178 Ti0, gupta saMvatsara gaNita zAstra 128, 187 gupta sAmrAjya kA itihAsa 80 Ti0, 81, gaNipiTaka 228 ___82 Ti0, 88 Ti. gatAtmA. 400 gupti 170 gatizIla 226 guru cAturmAsika prAyazcitta 452 gahamilla 76 Ti0, 81 Ti0, 460, 467 gandha 410, 416 guru mAsika prAyazcitta 456 gandhAra 410 gUr3hadanta gandhArapura 345 gRdhrakaTa parvata 266, 276, 303, gandhodaka 265 374, 412 gayA 118 Ti0, 114, 352 gRhapati 311,366 287 2010_05

Page #691
itihAsa aura paramparA zabdAnukrama 637 gRhapatnI nakula-mAtA 234 gyAraha aMga 116, 184 Ti0, 187, gRhastha-Azrama 407 233, 314 gRhastha-dharma 237 gyAraha gaNadhara 176, 218 praiveyaka 36 gyAraha pratimA zrAvaka kI 238 gocarI 165 grAmaka sanniveza 348 godohikA Asana 153, 170 grAmaNI saMyutta 378 gotamaka 438 prAmaNI sutta 401 gotra karma 121 godatta 380 godhiputra 264 gopaka moggalAna sutta 317Ti0 ghaTanA-prasaMga 360 pra0 356 pra0 gopAnI, DaoN0 e0 esa0 36 Ti0 ghaTikAra mahAbrahmA 150, 157 gopAla-uposatha 408 ghAsIlAla mahArAja 307 Ti0 gopAlaka 96 Ti. ghRta-megha gopAla kumAra 210 ghoSa kRSNacandra gopAla-mAtA 210 ghoSaka zreSThI 234 Ti0, 316 gobara gAMva 177 ghoSitArAma 262, 316, 430 gobhadra gRhapati 164 gomUmi 348 gomAyuputra arjuna gommaTasAra 451 caMkramaNa bhUmi 244 gorakhapura 48 caMkramaNa vedikA 245 gozAlaka prakaraNa 417, 417 Ti0 / caupanna mahApurisa cariya 280 gozAlAdhikAra 364 Ti0 cakraratna 126, 146 gozIrSa candana 336 cakravartI 116, 121, 126, 127, gautama (indra bhUti) 18, 22, 26, 41 128, 126, 133, 135, 136, 73, 76, 156, 183, 187, 137, 138, 142, 146, 152, 160, 161, 162, 163, 152 Ti0, 201 Ti0, 214, 166, 218 pra0, 220, 222, 260 Ti0, 307, 330, 341, 235, 237, 236, 246, 342, 343 251, 270, 278, 324, cakravAla 345, 367 326, 334, 335, 411, cakSa darzana 172 Ti. 412, 464 cakSuSmAn loka 341 gautama (buddha) 13, 367, 445 caTTopAdhyAya, vasantakumAra 298 Ti. gautama gotrI 176, 177 caNDakauzika 160, 161 gautamaputra arjuna 22, 23 caNDanAga 160, 161, 205 Ti. gautamI prajApati 175, 222, 223 pra0, caNDa pradyota rAjA87 Ti0, 88Ti0, 86Ti. 226 Ti0, 227, 471 66 Ti0, 135, 167, 206, ___ 2010_05

Page #692
638 210, 306, 310, 310 Ti0, 316 pra0, 325 6 Ti0 caNDa pradyota kA rAjyAbhiSeka caNDAla caNDAla- kula catukkanipAta catu-madhura snAna caturaMginI Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana caturtha anAzvAsika brahmacaryaM vAsa caturtha dhyAna caturtha pArAjikA caturdaza pUrva-dhara caturmahArAjika caturyAma ghamaM catuvidha tIrthaM caturvidha saMgha candanabAlA 442 416 383 Ti0, 388 candrakumAra 1780, 184, 216 pra0 223, 231 441 candragupta maurya 46, 50, 67, 76.76 Ti0 84 Ti0, 100 Ti0, 101 Ti0, 103 Ti0, 108 candragupta maurya kA avantI rAjyArohaNa, 3, 102 candragupta maurya kA magadha- rAjyArohaNa candra nAmaka saMvasara candrapadmA candramA candrAvataraNa candrAvataraNa ca tya camarendra 421 343, 380, 383 455 216, 334 136, 136 378 116, 180 158, 331, 470 63, 102 51, 52 65, 67, 68, 78, 76 Ti0, 63, 68 Ti0 candragupta maurya kA rAjyArohaNa campakaramaNIya udyAna campAnagarI 263 440 cAturdiza saMgha cAturvIpika mahAmegha cAturmahArAjika cAturmAsika prAyazcitta cAturyAma cAturyAma saMvara cAturyAma saMvaravAda cAturyAma dharma cAturyAma saMvaravAdI cApAla caitya cAra anAzvAsika brahmacarya - vAsa cAra apAnaka cAra abrahmacarya-vAsa cAra Arya satya cAra RddhipAda cAra kaSAya cAra ghAtIkarma cAraNa Rddhidhara cAra tIrthaMkara cAra niSedha 333 247 cAra yAma 410 23 185 302, 336 30 23, 6, 72, 65 Ti0 107, 178, 225 Ti0 233, 242 2010_05 cammakhandhaka caraka parivrAjaka caritra grantha [ khaNDa : 1 270,288, 286, 260, 266, 300, 301, 324, 342, 346, 348, 346, 350, 353 276 Ti0 36 326 365 235 carcA-prasaMga carcAvAdI caha baccA cAMga cAra pAnaka cAra pUrva lakSaNa cAra prakAra kI pariSad cAra prakAra ke loga cAra pratyeka buddha cAra bhAvanA cAra madhu 245 104 Ti0 246 257 406, 410 464 3, 163 363 400 160, 401 6 337, 338 420 25 420 201 337 161 170 15 3 401 401.421 25 144 pra0 211 436 pra0 327 Ti0 378 265

Page #693
itihAsa aura paramparA] zabdAnukrama tanta 450 cAra mahAdvIpa 146 cUNi 125, 450, 451,452 cAra mahAbhUta 431 carNikAra 17 Ti0, 451 cAra yama 378 cUrNi-sAhitya cAra veda 157 cUlataNhAsaMkhaya sutta 220 Ti0 cAra zikSAvrata 260 cUladukkhakkhandha sutta 374, 376 cArikA 246, 256, 257, 388 262, 268, 376, cUlamAlUkya sutta / 385 Ti0 364, 403, 425, 426 cUlasakuladAyI sutta 360,401 cArikA-sandeza 205 cUlasaccaka suttanta 418 Ti0,416 Ti0 cAritra 11,170, 161, 228 423 cAritra-dharma 331 cUla sumaddA 367 Ti0 cArvAka 7 cUla hemavanta parvata 236 cAliyaparvata 353 cUlA citta-vimukti 383 ceTaka rAjA 44, 185, 167, 241, citta-vivarta catura 225 267, 300, 301, 302,303, cita saMyutta 381 Ti0 305, 318,324 pra0, citra gRhapati 233, 235, 235 Ti0, 380 356,356 Ti0 cira pravajita 401, 403, 404 cedi 353,410 cIna 103 celaNA rAnI 165, 241, 278. cInI turkistAna 104 280, 286, 287, 264, 265, cInI dhammapada kathA 448 268, 300, 300 Ti0, 301, cInI yAtrI 100 Ti0, 103, 112 306, 314, 325, 368 cunda karmAra-putra 71, 73, 338, 336 caitya 237, 304, 305 340, 361 cora-nakSatra 446 cunda samaNuddeza 70, 71, 355. corI 438,466 360, 361 cauthA ArA 332 cunda sutta 355 Ti0, caudaha ratna 306 culiNIppiyA 233 caudaha vidyA 176 cullapanthaka 225 caubIsI 121, 243, 276 culla mAtA 306 caurAka sanniveza 30, 348 cullavagga 34 Ti0, 45 Ti0, 60 Ti0, caulukya kula 217 Ti0, 216 Ti0, 220 Ti0, caurya 223 Ti0, 224 Ti0, 246 Ti0, 262, 266 Ti0, 276 Ti0, 262 Ti0, 364,424, 453, 455, 471 Ti0 chaH abhijAti 5, 22, 33, 37, 37 Ti. cullazataka 412 pra0 cUr3AmaNi catya 127, 150 chaH dizAcara 17, 21 ____ 2010_05

Page #694
640 chaH dharmanAyaka chaH buddha chaH lezyAeM chanda chanda zAstra channa (chandaka ) cha: zAkyakumAra chaTTha bhakta chaTThA digvirati vrata chaTA ArA chatrapalAzaka caitya chadmastha 24, 157, 168, 166, 346 chadmasthAvasthA 348, 346 45.3 187 140, 147, 148 channa- bhikSu chappana dik kumAriyAM chammANi chaha zAsta cheda 6, 61, 441 364 pra0 37 Ti0, 135, 416 pra0 chalaya rohagutta kauzika gotrI chahoM AcArya chahoM tIrthaMkara cheda-sUtra cheya Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana jaTila sUta janapada-kalyANI nandA ja jaMgalA jaMgalI nagaraka jaMghAcAraNa labdhi jaMghA - vihAra jaMbhiya grAma jagadIza kAzyapa, bhikSu jaTilaka jaTila tApasa 215 pra0 334 2010_05 411 662 187 jaTila 174, 205, 206, 207, 246 275, 423 438 122 janavasabha janavasabha sutta jamAlI 348 342 221 418 170, 346 315, 441 441, Ti0 458 Ti0 277 43, 74, 134, 175 184 266 pra0 da34 jambU anagAra jambUdvIpa 125, 128, 137, 137, Ti0 144, 440 jambUdvIpapaNNatta sUtra jambUsvAmI jambUsaMDa 150 343 131 346 jayabhikkhU 44 jayasUrya, DaoN0 365 jayasenA jayAcArya, zrImad jayadhavalA jayantI 152 Ti0,285 285 Ti0, 332 53 348 451 31, 185, 186, 231, 318 318 Ti0, 316 326, Ti, 356 1 106 364 jaranala oNpha bihAra gaNDa orissA risarca 446, 464, sosAyaTI 458 464 [ khaNDa : 1 423 pra0 214, 226 277 jarAsandha jarmanI jalloSadha labdhi jAti-smaraNa jJAna jApAnI vidvAn jAyasavAla, DA~0 ke0 pI0 286 83, 364 Ti0 87, Ti0 65 221 jAtaka 33, 122, 125, 126, 127 140 Ti0,148, 213, Ti0, 214, Ti0, 226, 226, Ti0, 255 Ti0, 285 Ti0, 286 Ti0, 267, 307Ti0, 434, 435, jAtaka aTThakathA 122 Ti0, 126 Ti0, 157 Ti0, 168, 172, 215 Ti0, Ti0, 262 Ti0, 307 Ti0, 325 354, 413, 432, 434, 435, 440 jAtaka - sAhitya 250 jAtarUpa 410 8, 161 104 56, prA0, 57 56

Page #695
226 itihAsa aura paramparA] zabdAnukrama 641 65 Ti0, 68 Ti0, 66 Ti0, 100, Ti0, 281, 282, 261, 300, 307 101 Ti0, 282 3 16, 318, 320, 354,414, 417 jAlaMdhara gotrIya 128 417 Ti. jAla raurava 307 Ti0 jaina anuzruti 282 jAli 276, 287 jaina AkhyAna jitazatru rAjA 134, 236, 324 jaina Agama 39, 44,46, 68, 66 326 74,77, 65 Ti0, 127 Ti0, jitendriya 158, 235, 283, 285, 287 jina 126, 127, 188, 162 264, 268, 316, 321, 326, 355 228, 236, 270, 443 411, 413, 446, 452, 456, 457 jinakalpI sAdhu 415 458,466, jina-dharmI 330 jaina AcAra 446,466 jina-putra 122 jaina AcArya 42 jina vijayajI, muni 58, 326 Ti0 jaina-uposatha 411 jina-zrAvakoM ke sAtha 445 jaina-kathA jinasena, AcArya 81 Ti0, 82 jaina kathA-vastu 310, 392 jinAnanda bhikSu 45 Ti0 jaina kathA sAhitya 318, 448 jIrNa 337, 366 jaina-karmavAda 374 238, 260 jaina-kAla-gaNanA 76, 83, 84, 87 Ti0, jIvaka kaumAra bhRtya 77,77, 234, 235 62, 63 Ti0, 65 Ti0 276, 286,288 Ti0, 314, 368 66 Ti, 100 Ti0, 366, 401 jaina-grantha jIvAjIva kI vibhakti 237 jaina granthakAra 82 jugupsu 357 jaina-gaNanA 56,66 jambhaka 131 jaina-jana zrutiyAM jekobI, DaoN0 haramana 11 Ti0, 38, jaina, DaoN0 kAmatA prasAda 15, 16 42 pra0 36 Ti0, 57 62, 63, 65 Ti0, 68, 66, 74, 105 jaina, DaoN0 jyoti prasAda 8Ti, 326 355, 402, 417, 416,455 jaina, DaoN0 hIrAlAla __ 78 Ti. jeta rAjakumAra 245 jaina darzana 381 jetavana 32, 75, 113 Ti0, 114, jaina dIkSA 245, 246, 256, 257, jaina dharma 42, 47, 65,77,124 258,266 283, 262, 318 283, 320, 401, 424, 438 jaina dharma-saMgha jonsa, je. je. 26 Ti0, 443, 445 jaina tIrtha 48 446,446 Ti. jaina dhAraNA 312, 317, 382, 383 jaina 36, 37, 47, 61, 83, 85 jana-paddhati 124, 172, 173, 175, 271, 278 jana-paramparA 33, 38, 36,42, 17, 46 jIva 315 2010_05

Page #696
.642 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 128 55, 62, 68, 66, 73, 76, 80, 83 jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka 58, 81 Ti0, 64 Ti0, 116, 124, 125, 126, 86 Ti0 127, 137, 140 152, 176, jaina siddhAnta dIpikA 381 Ti. 164, 167, 166, 212 Ti0, 216, jaina sUtra dekheM, jaina Agama 220, 223, 226, 232, 235, 253Ti0, jainAgama zabdasaMgraha 381 Ti0 271, 272, 278, 283 285, 287, janetara paramparA 325 288 292.264,265,266,247 jotiya nignntth| 256, 248,442 268, 305, 306, 307, 308 jozI, DaoN0 hemacandra 284 Ti. 306, 315, 316, 317 jyeSThA 326 316, 326,327,356, 367, 378 jyotirvida nigaNTha 447 pra0 388, 364, 368, 401, 416, 416 jyotiSa zAstra 128, 187 420, 440, 443, 444, 446, 452 jyotiSka 457, 464, 465, 466 jJAtakula 238 467,468, 470 / jJAtakhaNDavana 348 jaina purANa 120 jJAtavaMza jaina-purANa-sAhitya 235 jJAtavaMzI 201 jaina pravrajyA 313 jJAtAdharmakathAMga sUtra 15 Ti0, 123 Ti0, jaina bhAratI 63 Ti0, 118 181 Ti0, 278, 276 Ti0, 383 Ti0, jaina-mata 398 286, 286 Ti0, 261 Ti0, 308 Ti0, jana-mAnyatA 107, 315, 376 _306 Ti0, 458 Ti0, jaina-mUrti 67, 66 Ti0, jJAtiputra nirgrantha 382 jaina rAjA 324 jJAtR-khaNDa udyAna 135, 136 jaina lekhaka 68 jJAtrika jaina varNana 307 Ti0 jJAna 11, 170, 172, 188,186 jaina vivaraNa 300 161, 202, 204, 218, 226 jaina zAstra dekheM, jaina Agama 380, 406, 424,445 jaina zAstrakAra 456,463 jJAna-bala 278 jaina zrAvaka 410 jJAna-sthavira jana saMgrahaka 47 jJAnAvaraNIya karma jaina saMskRti 125 jJApti jaina satya prakAza 78 Ti0 jaina sammulekha 127, 286, 316 jaina-sampradAya 355 jhUTha 438 jaina-sAdhu 358, 360, 377, 367, 375 jheTasTa, eca0 jI0 e0 377, 437 baina-sAhitya 280, 286, 315, 415, 442 TIkA 125 KMm tI 440 ____ 2010_05

Page #697
itihAsa aura paramparA] zabdAnukrama 421 34 7 tapazcaraNa tapazcaryA (tapasyA) 34, 36, 43, 123 ThANAMga sUtra dekheM, sthAnAMga sUtra 151, 154, 156, 170, 182, 184, 187, 166, 168 Ti0, 202, 205, 211, 220, 227, 228, 230, 231, 232, 235, 238, 236, DAkota 240, 242, 278, 286, 331, 367 DikzanarI oNpha pAli praoNpara nemsa 371, 374, 375, 370 DelAmine, mejara 41 Ti0, 384, 464, 465, tapas tapaH sAdhanA 278, 314 Ti0, tapasvI 123, 126, 140, 152, DhaMka kumakAra 270 186, 188, 162, 166, 216, 220, 230, 231, 235, 242, 278, 302, Ti0, 357, 361, 435, NamotthuNaM 286,261 442, 448 tapassuka 233, 234 Ti0, tapAgaccha paTTavalI 76 Ti0, tapobala 368 tamatamA prabhA 307 Ti., taMbAya sanniveza . 348 tamaH prabhA 307, 307 Ti0, taMsuliya 17 Ti. tava 464 takSazilA 3, 235, 276, 425 tApasa 36, 140, 152, 174, 167 tasvArtha bhASya 451 166 pra0, tattva-samuccaya tApasa pravrajyA 121 tathAgata 6,64, 62 Ti0, 114, 141 tApasIya 188 158, 202, 206, 215, 243, 245 tAmalI 235 256, 258, 256, 266, 310 tAranAtha 100 Ti0, - 311, 312, 326, 338, 340, 341 tAlacchigulupama suta 312 Ti0 342, 345, 361 tAlapuTa viSa 366, 368,366, 373, 374 tikanipAta 383, 410 385, 405, 408,434,447, titthogAlIpainnaya __ 50,46 Ti0, 76 tadubhaya prAyazcitta 464 82 Ti0, 83, 86 Ti0, tantuvAyazAlA 18 titthoddhAra prakIrNa tandulamatsya 387 tithi-krama 62, 103, 104 tapana 307 Ti0 tinduka udyAna 160 taMtra 78 tApasa ____ 2010_05

Page #698
332 tIrtha Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa :1 tibbatI 100 Ti0 tIrthaGkara varSamAna 40 Ti. tibbatI paramparA 284, 267, 268, tIrthika dekheM, tairthika 326 tugika 176 tibbatI saMskaraNa 413 tunnAka 348 timisra guphA 306 tulasI, AcArya zrI 141 Ti. tiryaJca 37, 416 tuSita loka 122, 136, 137, 138 tIna karma 246, 406,510 tIna kAzyapa bandhu 175 Ti0 tuSTi 170 tIna guNavrata 260 tRtIya ahorAtra pratimA 227 tIna gupti 416 tRtIya ArA tIna jaTila bandhu 212 tRtIya cUlikA 450 tIna daNDa 360 tRtIya dhyAna 343,380 tIna piTaka 452 tRtIya pArAjikA 455 121, 135 tRtIya (bauddha) saMgIti 62 Ti0, 115 tIrthaGkara 24, 25, 26, 42,43 456 43 Ti0, 56, 64, 68, 71 tRSNA 162, 381,382 72, 73, 75, 76, 87 teja dhAtu kuzala 226 Ti0,106 Ti0, 116,121 tejolabdhi 223 121 Ti0,125126, 127 tejolezyA 20, 21, 23 pra0, 56 128, 126, 131 133, 141 416, 417 Ti0, 155, 161, 162, telappanAlI kasbA 206 166, 180, 161, 196, telovAda jAtaka 435 243, 277, 276, 276 taithika 6, 12, 13, 221, 237 Ti0, 282, 283, 286, 358, 362, 364, 364 260, 313 Ti0, 330, 404,424, 432, 436 332, 334, 381, 361 440 362, 366, 402, 403 tosali-kSatriya 165 405, 406, 407, 422 tosalI 67Ti0, 165, 346 440, 441 tyAga 214 Ti0, 406, 445, 464 tIrthaGakara gotra 121 trayastriza-deva 170, 305, 352, 406 tIrthaGakaratva 124 trayastriza bhavana 150 tIrthakaratva prApti ke bIsa nimitta 121 trayastriMza loka 127, 140 123 trayastriza svarga 150, 226 tIrthaDakara nAma-gotra karma 243 trasa-prANI 37 tIrthakara mahAvIra 34 Ti0, 62, 62 Ti0, trikAlajJa 188 . .. 78 Ti0, 197 Ti0, 281 tridaNDI parivrAjaka 120, 120 Ti0, 284 Ti0, 308 Ti0, trinetra 88 Ti0 325 Ti0, 346 Ti0 tripAThI, DA0 ramAzaMkara 67 Ti0 ___ 2010_05

Page #699
itihAsa aura paramparA zabdAnukrama 446 tripiTaka 4,12,16,35,36,37 42, 48, 61, 66, 78, 86 106, 125, 216, 222, thAvaracA-putra 232, 235 Ti0, 271, 288, thullakoNita 225 Ti. 316, 324, 326, 326, thullaccaya 266 354, 356, 367, 418, thusa jAtaka 262 Ti. 434,446 thUNAka sanniveza 348 dekheM bauddha-zAstra thUna 137 tripiTaka itara grantha theragAthA 312 tripiTaka sAhitya 232, 274, 320 theragAthA aTTakathA 263, 263 Ti0,306 Ti. 355, 378, 413, 414 312 Ti0,312,313 Ti. 318 Ti0, 404, 404 Ti0, tripiTaka sAhitya kA prathama praNayana 452 therA apadAna 315, 315 Ti0, tripiTaka sAhitya meM mahAvIra 64 Ti0, therIgAthA 277, 286, 287 Ti0, 65 Ti0, 78 Ti0, 356, 447 Ti0, tripiTakoM meM nigaNTha va nigaNTha nAtaputa therIgAthA aTThakathA 286 Ti0, 287 Ti0, 327 Ti0, 343 Ti0, 354 pra0, 268 Ti0, 306 Ti0, 447 tripRSTha 121 thomasa,I0 je0 36 Ti0, 64 Ti0, trilokasAra 82 Ti0, 83 Ti0 104, 156 Ti0, 281 trizalA 125, 126, 130, 131 321 Ti0, 326 Ti0, 134, 163, 183, 268 456 Ti0, 325 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritrama 34 Ti0, 51 Ti0, 121 Ti0, 122 Ti0, 126 Ti0, 127 Ti0, dakSiNa bharata kSetra 128 155 Ti0, 161 Ti0, 166 Ti0, dakSiNa bhArata 125 171 Ti0, 183 Ti0, dakSiNa brAhmaNa kuNDa 128 185 Ti0,168 Ti0, 220 Ti0, dakSiNa-vAcAlA 276 Ti0, 280 Ti0, dakSiNI bauddhoM kI paramparA 46, 56 282 Ti0, 283 Ti0, 285 Ti0, daNDa 306, 360, 367, 408, 406 300 Ti0, 310 Ti0, daNDakAraNya 363 311 Ti0, 317 Ti0, 318 Ti0, daNDika 325 Ti0, 336 Ti0, datta, DaoN0 nalinAkSa 316 Ti. trapiTaka ullekha 308 dattA, esa0 ke0 50 Ti0, 57 Ti0, 66 traimAsika tapa 230 dadala 436 rAzika 7 dadhivAhana rAjA 178, 325 348 438 2010_05

Page #700
Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa : 1 dayA dantakathA 444 digambara mAnyatA 280 411 dinna 174, 169 darzaka 15 Ti. divya cakSu 171, 386 darzaka kA rAjyAbhiSeka 101 divya cAkSa ko 224, 227 darzana 11, 170, 172, 188 divya bala 247 186, 161, 202, 204, divya zaktti 206,455 228 divyazaktti pradarzana 354, 313 darzana aura cintana 54 Ti0 divyAvadAna 64 Ti0, 307 Ti0,316 darzana aura digdarzana 48 Ti. 315, Ti0,320 Ti. darzana zAstra 187 dizA-kAka darzanasAra 2, 2 Ti0 dihadanta 287 daza pAramitAe~ 122, 113, 123 dIkSA 64, 83, 126, 152, 174 136, 137, 166, 167 178, 181, 163, 164 168 166, 167, 168 Ti0, dazavakAlika sUtra 34 Ti0, 124 Ti0 200, 228, 266, 275 212 Ti0, 334, 354 Ti0 276, 281, 287, 302 437 Ti0,467 Ti0, 314, 315, 326, 386 467 Ti0, 446,458,468 daza sahasra cakravAla 136, 138, 136 dIkSA-paryAya 464 146, 167, 171, 172 dIkSA-prasaMga 204 dIghanikAya 4, 6 Ti0,10 Ti0, daza sahasra lokadhAtu 138 16 Ti0, 34 Ti0, 42 Ti0 dazArNapura 166, 350 55 Ti0, 60 Ti0, 61 dazArNabhadra 166 pra0 73 Ti0, 77 Ti0, 107 dazAzrata skandha 124 Ti0, 277,283 Ti0, 145 Ti0, 175, 224 Ti. 286 274 Ti0, 275, 275 Ti0 baharasuta 60 Ti0, 75 Ti0, 402 277, 300, 303 Ti0, daheja 250 304 Ti0, 324, 324 Ti0, dAtA 233 326, 386 Ti0, 361 362 dhAna 240, 245, 331, 356, 376 401, 405, 413, 416 Ti0, 363, 406, 416, 436 420 Ti0 444, 445 dIghanikAya aTTakathA 303 Ti0, dAsa, zaratacandra 104 Ti. 224 Ti0, 264, 300 Ti0, dikpAla 137 303 Ti0, 305 Ti0, 308 Ti0, digambara 73 Ti0, 80, 451 328 digambara paramparA 1 Ti0,2,31, 73 dIpaMkara buddha 116, 122, 213 126 Ti0, 134 Ti0, 178 dIpamAlotsava 285 dIpavaMza 83, 85 pra0 ____ 2010_05

Page #701
itihAsa aura paramparA] zabdAnukrama 287 davazamA dumaseNa 400 384 dIrghakArAyaNa 323 deva-pariSaha dIrgha tapasvI nirgrantha 360, 361, 361 devadaha pradeza 117 362, 363, 367 devarAja 266 dIrgha bhANaka 146, 147 Ti0 devaddhi (kSama 4, 44 Ti0 326 dIvAna bahAdura svAmI kannupille 104 devaloka 422, 436 dIhaseNa dukkaTa kA doSa 470 deva senAcArya 22 Ti. duHkha vipAka 332 devAnanda brAhmaNI 121, 125, 126, 128 duHprasaha 183 pra0, 231, 333 duma 287 devendra zakra 343 287 dezabratI 181 dummuha rAjA 317 daivavAda dure nidAna 123 Ti0 dohada 131 pra0, 264, 266, 306 durgati 436 dyutipalAza udyAna 235, 236, 237 durmukha senApati 280 dyutipalAza yakSa 235 duSama-duSamA ArA 331 dravya duHSamA ArA 331,332 dravya malla-putra 226 duHSama-suSama ArA 127 dravya liMgI 273, 274 dUijjataga-Azrama 348 dravya lezyA 416 dUsarI saMgIti, bauddhoM kI 45, 86 Ti0 drumaka 312 dRr3hapratijJa muni 27 droNa 33, 148, 247, 321 dRDhabhUmi 346 droNa-vastu grAma 224 Ti0, 225 Ti0 dRr3hasena 86 Ti0 droNa vipra 288, 344 421 dvAdaza pratimA 226, 230 dRSTadharma 202, 358 dvAdaza vrata 232, 236, 237 daSTi-nidhyAna 371 dvAdaza vratadhArI zrAvaka 233 devakaTa sobbha 420 dvAdazAMgI 77, 78 Ti0, 158, devakuru 277 218, 450 devakula 276 dvitIya ahorAtra pratimA 227 devagati 280 dvitIya calikA 450 devatAoM ke priya 226 dvitIya dhyAna 343, 380 devadatta 63, 63 Ti0, 217, 216, dvitIya parAjikA 454 220, 261, 262 pra0, 262, dvimAsika tapa 230 263, 265, 311, 368 dvimAsikI bhikSu pratimA 227 devadatta sutta 60 Ti0, 307 Ti0, 374 dvimukha-avamAsaka mukuTa 317 devadaha nagara 138, 227 Ti0, 370 dveSa 185, 161, 453 deva-dudubhi 280, 338, 343 dRSTa 2010_05

Page #702
648 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana 312 dharma-cakra pravartana sUtra 202 dharma-cakSu 203, 204, 208, 244, dhanujaya 121, 246, 247, 248, 265, 268, 274, 275, 246, 250, 251, 365 262, 264 dhanarAjajI, munizrI 367 Ti0 dharma-carcA 264,323,366,422 banAvaha seTha 176, 308 dharma-jAgaraNa 198, 238 paniya kumbhakAra-putta 454 dharma-dhAtu dhanI 225 Ti0 dharma dhyAna dhanuSa-prAkAra 344 dharma nAyaka 401, 402, 404, 414 dhannA 164 pra0 421,445 banya anagAra 278 dharmanetra 88 Ti. dhanya (kAkandI ke) 228 dharma-prajJapti 238,422 dhammadinnA 227 dharma-bodha 317 dhammapada 104 Ti0, 116, 116 Ti0 dharmarakSita bhikSu 296 Ti. 444,444 Ti0, 448 dharmaratnaprakaraNa 313 Ti. dhammapada aTThakathA 12, 14 Ti0, 35 Ti0, dharmavAdI 453 220 Ti0, 222 Ti0, 226 Ti0, dharma-vinaya 245, 360, 362, 247 Ti0, 248 Ti0, 255 Ti0, 404, 405, 407 257 Ti0, 266 Ti0, 276, 262 Ti0 dharma saMgha 354, 446 263 Ti0, 310 Ti0, 312 Ti0, dharma-saMgha, buddha kA 174, 222, 224, 317 Ti0, 316 Ti0, 320 Ti0, 235, 240 323 Ti0, 354, 364, 367, 367 Ti0, dharma-saMgha, mahAvIra kA 174, 227, 230 436, 440, 444, 447 dharma-saMgha meM striyoM kA sthAna 470 pra0 dhammika upAsaka 424pra0,438 dharma-sabhA 433, 434 pammika sutta 424 dharmasAgara, upAdhyAya 76 Ti0 dharaNendra 166 dharma-senApati 220 330, 338, 343, 356, 358 dharmopadezikA 227 364,366, 376, 380, 362, dhavalA 81 Ti0, 451 402, 403, 405, 408, 416, dhAtu-nidhAna 424, 425, 432, 447 453, 454 dhAtu vibhaMga sutta 276 dharma-uposatha vata 406 dhAtu-vibhAjana 344 dharma aura darzana 78 Ti0 dhAriNI 121,178,181,286, 287, dharma-kathA 246, 381, 422 300, 306, 306 dharma-kathika 225, 233, 337, 381 dhuta dharma-grantha 455 dhutavAdI 214 dharmaghoSa muni 166 dhUmaketu dharmacakra 114, 140 dhUma-gRha 265, 268 dharmacakra pravartana 126, 211 ghUma-prabhA 307 Ti0, gharma 223 267 2010_05

Page #703
itihAsa aura paramparA] zabdAnukrama 646 dhUmaraurava 307 Ti0 nanda saMvata 100Ti0 dhUli-dhUsarita nigaNTha 448 pra0 nandA -226, 276, 286, 287 dhRti 238 nandA rAnI 308, 306, 314 dhRtimAna 226 nandigrAma 346 dhyAna 31, 123, 151,153, 154, nandinI pitA 233, 324 156, 157, 160, 161, 162, nandI kAzyapa 206, 207 163, 164, 165, 168, 166, nandIvardhana 86 Ti0, 87 Ti0, 65 Ti0, 170, 182, 168 Ti0, 245, 66, 96 Ti0, 67, 67 Ti0, 100, 273, 277, 280, 420, 100 Ti0, 101, 101 Ti0, 421,436, 464 102 Ti0, 103 Ti0, 325, 333 dhyAniyoM 225 nandIvardhana kA rAjyArohaNa 66 Ti. dhyAyikA 227, 234 nandIvardhana kI mRtyu 100 Ti0 dhvaja 142, 281 nandI vardhana (mahAvIra kA bhAI) 127, 134, 135 nandIzvara dvIpa 222 nandIsena bhikSu 181 pra0, 220, 276, nakula-pitA gRhapati 234 282, 287 nagara-seTha 244 Ti0 namo buddhassa, namo arahantAnaM 443 pra0 nagna (sAdhu) 12, 36, 251, 254, naraka 10, 14, 33, 121, 415, 418, 421, 423, 138, 171, 177, 236, 436, 448 268, 273, 276, 280, nagnatva 282, 307 Ti0, 312 Ti0, nagna nirgrantha 448, 446, 450 315, 368, 376, 437, nanda 26, 46 Ti0,86, 100 Ti0, 101 Ti0, 175, 211 pra0, narakesarI 325 Ti0,356 215, 226, 226, 230 nara-hatyA 454 nandaka 226 narendradeva, AcArya nanda 'dvitIya' 103 Ti0, nakalapAna (kozala) 352 nandana vana 337 navaka-nipAta 384 nanna (nAI) 103 Ti0 nava kArU 285 nandapATaka 26 nava nandana 66 Ti0, 102 Ti0 nandamatI 276 nava nArU 285 nanda-vaMza 86 Ti0, 63, 63 Ti0, navama pUrva 450 63, 65 Ti0, 65, 66 Ti0, nava mallakI 328, 335 66, 66 Ti0, 101 Ti0, 102 naba licchabI 328, 335 nanda vatsa 37,412 navasAra 121 nanda rAjA 67 Ti0, 66 Ti0, 100, nAMganika 48 Ti0 100 Ti0, 101, 66 Ti0,102 Ti0, nAga 333 34 ____ 2010_05

Page #704
650 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 nAgadasaka 51 Ti0,66 Ti0, 102 Ti. 356, 357, 360, 361, nAgadazaka kA rAjyAbhiSeka 101 368, 370, 371, 375, nAga rathika 240 376, 378, 386, 386, nAgarAja 345 361, 362, 365, 366, nAgavaMzI 201 367, 368, 400, 408, nAgasena 441 411, 412, 417, 416, nAgila 420, 423, 424,434, nAgendra 133 435, 437, 438, 436, nAnAghATa zilAlekha 18 Ti0 440, 442, 444, 445, nAnA titthiya sutta 34 Ti0, 422 446, 447, 448 nAnA taithika 422 nigaNTha-upAsaka 316, 445 nApita 217, 226 Ti0 nigaNTha uposatha 408,412 nAraka 416 nigaNTha-dampati 416 nArI-dIkSA 222 nigaNTha-dharma 182, 232, 236, 273, nAlaka grAma 224 Ti0, 274, 276, 280, 282, nAlaka parivrAjaka 445 pra0 261, 313, 315, 355, bAlaka brAhmaNa grAma 225 Ti0, 226 Ti0 386, 444, 445, 447, nAlaka sutta 445 nigaNTha-dharmI 446 nAlandA 18, 315 Ti0, 350, 353, nigaNTha nAtaputta 4, 6, 21, 37 Ti0, 351, 354, 360, 363, 60, 60 Ti0, 61, 70, 71, 376, 363 72, 75, 76, 77,235, 235 Ti0 nAlandA meM durbhikSa 378 pra0 310,311, 354, 354 Ti0, nAlandA sanniveza 348 355, 356, 357, 360, nAlA (eka nAlA) 353 361, 362, 363, 365, nAlAgiri hAthI 266 pra0 366, 367, 368, 370, nAli 221 371, 375, 376, 377, nAsika zilAlekha 18 Ti0 378, 380, 381, 384, nAhara, pUrNacandra 385, 386, 361, 362, nikadevaputra 363, 364, 366, 400, nikAcita 181 403, 405, 406, 407, nirgrantha 413, 415, 418, 416, nigaNTha 2, 3, 6, 13, 14, 22, 24, 420, 421, 422, 432, 30, 36, 37 Ti0, 40, 70 434, 435, 441, 442, 74, 116, 178, 180, 181, 445 160, 227, 235, 237, nigaNTha nAtaputta ko mRtyu kA kAraNa 236, 243, 251, 252, 362 pra0 254, 270, 274, 260, nigaNTha paryAya 303 311, 334, 354, 355, nigaNThaputra 416 2010_05

Page #705
itihAsa aura paramparA zabdAnukrama 651 438 418 451 nigaNTha mAnyatA 420 nirgrantha saMgha 254,283366 nigaNTha-zAsana 448 nigraMtha sampradAya 355 nigaNTha zrAvaka 70,366, 415 nirgranthoM kA tapa 374 nigaNTha-sAdhu 367,398,448 nigranthoM ke pAMca doSa nigaNTha sthavira 411 nigranthoM ko dAna 444 nigaNTha sutta 381 nirjala 411 nigaNThA ekazATakA 414 nirjarA 278, 260, 360, 382, nigaNThiyoM 364,416 383, 386, 387, 386 nigaNThoM meM phUTa 71, 72, 74 nighaNTu 128, 187 nirmama nityapiNDa 273 niyukti 125, 450, 452 nidAna 124, 157 Ti0, 168 Ti0 niyuktikAra 171 Ti0, 113 Ti0, 215 Ti0, nirvANa 25, 78, 114, 121, 122, 235, 278, 454, 455, 150, 170, 176, 466 Ti0 163, 244, 261 266, nidAna prakaraNa 124 Ti. 307, 315, 351, nindA 214 Ti0 382, 383 386, 387, nidrAjayI 228 363, 408, 418, 421, nimitta 34, 278 451,466 niyativAdI 5, 27, 28, 29, 32 nirvANa-carcA 361 pra0 nirati 333 nirvANa-rati 408,410 nirayAvalikA sUtra 287, 264 Ti0, nirvANa-saMvAda-1 360 300, 300 Ti0, 301 Ti0 nirvANa-saMvAda-2 361 306 Ti0, 307 Ti0, nivRtti 88 Ti. 308 Ti0, 326 nihArima 160 nirayAvalikA TIkA 300 Ti0 nizItha (sUtra) 34 Ti0,446 Ti0, niravvuda 302 Ti0, 450 Ti0, 451 Ti0, nirAmitra 88 Ti0, 452 Ti0, 457 Ti0, nirAhAra 411 458 Ti0, 456 Ti0, niroga 226, 460 Ti0, nirgrantha dekheM, nigaNTha 467 Ti. nirgrantha-AcAra 437 nizItha : eka adhyayana nirgrantha-garbha 33 nizItha kA mala aura vistAra 452 nirgrantha gRhastha zrAvaka 415 nizItha ke abrahmacarya sambandhI nimrantha dIkSAe~ 176 prAyazcitta-vidhAna 458 nirgrantha-paramparA 445 nizItha cUNi 286, 446 Ti0, 451 Ti. nirgrantha pariSad 385 457 Ti. nigraMtha pravacana 184,236, 361 nizItha zabda kA abhiprAya 451 pra0 2010_05

Page #706
Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 35 nissaggiya pAciniya 457, 465, 467, paMcAla 333 Ti. 467 Ti0, paMcendriya prANI 367, 388 nihnava 43 pakUdha kAtyAyana dekheM, prakudha kAtyAyana nIti 306 pakkusa malla-putra 336, 340 nIla abhijAti 37, 412 pakkusAti 276, 316 nIla lezyA 416 paTanA 47, 10 Ti0, nIvAra 437 paTAcArA 224, 227 nRcakSu / 87 Ti0 paTibhAna nRtya 410 paTela, gopAladAsa 38, 55 nemicandra, AcArya 82, 281, 317, paTTAvalI 332 Ti0,334 Ti0, 346 paDikkamaNa 464 nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI 81 Ti0 paNDitakumAra licchabI 382, 383 nepAla 456 paNDita maraNa 186 neraJjarA nadI 158 paNyazAlAe~ 277 negama 244 pataMjali naimittika 302 patApana 307 Ti0 nairayika 266, 311 patta kAlAya 348 narayika bhAva 160 padAnusArI labdhi 221 nairyANika 362 paduma 307 Ti0 navasaMjJAnAsaMjJAyatana 343 padmanAbha 276, 276 Ti0, 282 nyUgrodhArAma 212, 374, 385, 470 padmalezyA 416, 417 nyAya-dharma 405 padmAmavatI, gaNikA 286, 308, 313 padmAvatI, dharaNendrapadmAvatI rAnI 27, 300, 306, 306 318, 325 paMkaprabhA 307 Ti0 padmAvatI, yazodA kI mAtA paMca abhigamana 260 padmAsana 242, 243, 333 paMcakalpa bhASya cUNi 450 pandraha sau tIna tApasa 166, 196 paMcakanipAta 378 papahara 48 paMcabhUta 176 payAga patiTTAna 353 paMcama ArA 332, 334 paracakrabhaya paMcavargIya bhikSu 3, 156, 172, 175 Ti0, para-parivAda 185 201 pra0, 386 Ti0 parama prApti-prApta 381 paMcavastuka 76 Ti0, parama zukla abhijAti 412 paMcazatikA khandhaka 453 paramANu 185 paMcazAlA 353 paramArtha-pAramitAe~ paMcazikSAtmaka 401 paraloka paMcazIla 137, 377 para-vAditA 228 431 2010_05

Page #707
itihAsa aura paramparA] zabdAnukrama 407 25 para-siddhAnta 228 pAMca zikSApada parAkrama 238 pAMca samitiyAM 230, 416 parigraha 185, 260, 466 pAMcAla deza 317, 353, 410 parigraha-viramaNa 260 pAiyasadda mahaNNavo 161,284 Ti0 parinirmita-vazavartI 136, 406, 410 pAcittiya 462, 462 Ti0, 462 parinirvANa 175, 266, 328 pra0, 462 Ti0, 463, 463 Ti0,465, 353 Ti0456 466, 467, 467 Ti0, paribbAjaka vaga 468 Ti0, pariveNa 245 pATaliputra 76, 65 Ti0, 101 parivrAjaka 35, 138, 174, 188 305 201 Ti, 206,207. pATidesanIya 208, 206, 230, pATha 242, 381, 389,404, 405, pANinI 35, 100 Ti0 420, 423, 426 pANinIkAlIna bhAratavarSa 35 Ti0, 426, 438 106 Ti. parivrAjaka zAstra 128 pANinI vyAkaraNa 35 Ti0, 106 Ti., parivrAjikArAma 386 325 Ti0, pariziSTa parva 46, 50, 46Ti0, 53 Ti0, pANDava parvata 155 261 Ti0, pANDakAbhaya 441 pariSaha 116, 160, 164, 164 Ti0, pANDukAbhaya kA rAjyAbhiSeSaka 164, 168, 205 Ti0,313 271 pariSaha-jayI 227 pANDu vAsudeva kA rAjyAbhiSeka 62 Ti0 paryaGkAsana 333 pANDe pro0 jI0 sI0 456, 457 Ti0, paryavagAr3ha dharma 358 457 Ti0 237 pANDeya, pro0 zrInetra 52 Ti, 78 Ti0, pavvajjA sutta 272 Ti0 76 Ti. pazcima mahAvideha 121 pAtaMjala mahAbhASya 35 Ti. pazcima videha 137 pAtaMjala yogadarzana 378 pazcimI vidvAn 451 pAtAla loka 328 pAMca aNuvrata 237, 260 pAtimokkha pAMca abhigamana 183 pAtra-dAna 445 pAMca Azrava 416 pAdopagamana anazana 187, 186 pAMca indriya 161 pAna-kathA 406 pAMca parivrAjaka 156 pAnI 467 pAMca mahAtyAga 167 pApa 176, 185, 261, 421, 431, pAMca mahAvilokana, buddha ke 136 431, 435, 445 pAMca mahAsvapna 157,157 pApa-bandha 367 pAMcavIM abhijAti 415 pAramparika-kathana 455 441 palyopama 466 2010_05

Page #708
654 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khiNDa : 1 pAramparika dhAraNA 452 353,353 Ti0, 360,367, 362, pArAMjika 461 Ti0, 462 Ti0, 465 363,453 pArAjikA 461, 462 Ti0 pAvApurI madhyama 176, 180 pArAjikA pAli 458 Ti0 pAvAriya pArAJcika 464 pAvA-vAsI malla 71, 361 pArAJciya 464 pAsAdika satta 71, 361,415 pAriNAmikI 306 piMgalakoccha brAhmaNa 422 pra0 pArivArika deva 170 piMgala nigraMtha 187,15 pAripAzvika bhikSu-bhikSuNiyAM 218 piTaka dekheM bauddha zAstra 314 Ti. piMDacAra 252, 266, 366 406 pArileyaka 353 piNDapAta 340, 360 pAjiTera, epha0 I0 84, 84 Ti0, 86 Ti0 piNDapAtika 252 pArzvanAtha 2, 3, 17 Ti0, 30, 34, piNDola bhAradvAja 225, 316, 320, 363 42, 87 Ti0, 64 Ti0, 364 166, 160, 161, 163, 282 pippalAda RSi pArzvanAtha kA cAturyAma dharma 3, 74 Ti0 pippalIvana 345 pArzvanAtha kA nirvANa 14 Ti. pippalI kumAra pArzvanAtha-paramparA 30, 32, 274, pilindivAtsya 282, 401, 417 pizala, DaoN0 284 pArzvasaMtAnIya 160 pihitAzrava pArzvastha-sAdhu 34, 465, pukkusa-kula 417 pAzrvAnuga sAdhu 30 puNDarIka 128, 307 Ti0 pAzrvApatyika 134, 274 puNNaka 246 pAlaka rAjA 46, 76 Ti0, 76 Ti0 puNNaseNa 287 81 Ti0, 66 Ti0, 346 puNya 260, 410, 416, 421 pAlaka kA rAjyAbhiSeka 66 Ti. puNsapAla, rAjA 334 pAlaka-vaMza 63, 67 Ti. pudgala 185, 234, 454, 455 pAli 36, 61, 85,446, 456 punarjanma 11,404, 404 pAli-gAthA ___ 85 punardIkSA 464 pAli-grantha 281 purANa 84, 86 Ti0, 87 Ti0. pAli pATha 356 88 Ti0, 60 Ti0, 64, 63 Ti0, pAli vAGmaya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra 355 Ti0 64 Ti0, 66 Ti0, 66 Ti0,101, pAli-sAhitya 308 Ti0, 355 271, 281, 266,414 Ti0 pAvA 43, 43 Ti0, 47 pra0, 55, purANa-sAhitya 317 56 Ti0, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74 purAtattvIya dRSTi 18 Ti. 328, 330, 332, 338, 336, 348 344, 346, 346, 351, purimaseNa 287 ____ 2010_05

Page #709
itihAsa aura paramparA ] puruSa-damya sArathI puruSAkAra pulika puSkariNI puSkala - saMvarta mahAmegha puSpapura puSpavRSTi puSyamitra pUraNakAzyapa pUraNa tApasa pUraNa dAsa pUrNakalaza pUrNa jit pUrNabhadra caitya pUrNabhadra deva pUrNa maitrAyaNo putra pUrNavarddhana pUrNasiMha pUrNa dAsI pUrvadhara pUrva nada pUrva videha pUrvArAma-prAsAda pRthak jana pRthvI pRSTha campA zabdAnukrama 377 peTavatthu aTThakathA per3hAla udyAna per3hAla gAMva 2010_05 238 87Ti, 66 Ti0 76 Ti0, 81 Ti0, 4, 7, 12, 14, 37 Ti0, 75, 76, 76, 106 Ti0, 312 Ti0, 381, 364, 384, 363, 364, 366, 400, 402, 403, 405, 406, 412, 413, 414, 417, 418, 420, 422, 432, 438, 441, 443, 445 12 247 348 305 286, 260 158 25, 332 100 Ti0 336 66 Ti0 per3hAla putta udaka pe, ema0 govinda paizunya pokhalI poTTa - parihAra poTTapAda sutta pottanapura polAsa catya 25 225 248, 246, 365 234 Ti0, 157 425, 431, 431 pUrvakatRtvavAdI pUrva - janma 386, 386, 435, 435 pUrva janma kA smaraNa karane vAlA 171 226, 227 77 Ti0, 450 101, 103 Ti0, 137, 137 Ti0, 220, 232, 255 pra0 283, 320, 407, 423 prajJA prajJA- vimukti 368 prajJA sampanna prajJota-dAyikA 467 prattikramaNa 348, 350 pratibhAzAlI polAsapura pauravacandra vaMza paurava vaMza paurANika paurANika AkhyAna paurANika kAla-gaNanA 121, 280 162, 163, 346 28, 233, 346, 476 87 Ti0, 86 Ti0 62, 83 463 83, 84, 85, 86 87, 88 Ti0, 63 Ti0 66 Ti0, 66 Ti0 168, 338, 411 168, 237, 236 238, 411, 412 4, 5, 7, 14 pra0, 75, 76, 76, 381, 363, 364, 366, 400, 402 403, 405, 406 407, 413 418, 420, 422, 422, 432, 441 447 pauSadha pauSadhazAlA pauSadhopavAsa prakrudha kAtyAyana prakhara pratibhA meM agragaNyA prakhara pratibhAzAlinI prajJapti prajJapti Adi vidyA 655 276 162 162 163 118 185 233 21, 22, 413 385 Ti0 227 44 228 214 Ti, 383 383 383 234 134, 270, 464 226

Page #710
656 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 238 411 14 pratimA 238 pravrajyA 64, 76, 77, 115, 116, pratilekhana 141, 146, 147, 151, pratisaMvit 206 155, 177, 182, 186, pratisaMvitaprApta 226 201 201 Ti0, 202, pratItya samutpAda 171 204, 205, 207, 206, pratyanta-grAma 426,430 211, 214, 216, 224, pratyAkhyAna 237, 238, 236, 411 228, 268, 271, 73, pratyeka buddha 137, 266, 307 280, 308, 312, 314, prathama ahorAtra pratimA 227 325, 336, 340, 342 prathama cUlikA 450 403, 404, 405, 407, prathama dhyAna 343, 380 418, 435, 445, 447, prathama nanda rAjA 64 Ti0 448,466, 470 prathama mArAjikA 454 pravrajyA paryAya 464 prathama bauddha saMgIti 61 Ti0, 187 Ti0, praznottara 222, 223, 264, 452, praznottara tattvabodha 364 Ti. 456, 455 praznopaniSad prathama zalAkA grahaNa karane vAlA 225 prasannacandra rAjarSi 280 pra0, 367 pradezI rAjA 324 prasanna-citta 358 pradyota dekheM, caNDa-pradyota prasenajit rAjA 13, 75, 86 Ti0, pradhAna 87 Ti0, 88 Ti0, 86 Ti0, pradhAna, DaoN0 sItAnAtha (5 Ti0 64 Ti0, 247, 246, 283, prapA 246 285, 286, 261, 297, 246 306, 320 pra0 323, prabuddha karnATaka - 118 Ti. 325, 401, 402, 423 prabhava prasenajit kA rAjyAbhiSeka 101 prabhAvatI 167, 325 prAkRta prabhAsa 176 prAkRta-grantha 317 88 Ti0 prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa 284 Ti0 prabhUtadhana saMcaya zreSThI 271, 274 prAga buddha 60 Ti0 pramAda 410,466 prAga buddhakAlIna 86 Ti0 pramukha upAsaka upAsikAeM 275, 314 prAcIna bhArata 100 Ti. Ti0 prAcIna bhArata kA itihAsa 66 Ti. pramoda 266 prAcIna bhAratavarSa 87 Ti0, 63 Ti0, pratinI 216 64 Ti0, 64 Ti0, 66 Ti0 pravRtta-parihAra (pArivRtta parihAra) dekheM, poTTa prAcIna vaMza dAva 352 pArahAra prANata 121, 128 pravRtti vAduka puruSa 288, 286, 261 prANAtipAta 185, 236, 280, 401 prapAgRha 36 prabhu 2010_05

Page #711
itihAsa aura paramparA] zabdAnukrama 657 48 prANAtipAta-viramaNa 260 prANI-hiMsA 438 prAtimokSa 71, 383 baMga 25, 410 prAtihArya 13, 14, 207 baMga cUlikA 83 Ti. prAdyotavaMza 86 Ti0, 87 Ti0, 88 banajAre 235 Ti0, 66, 66 Ti0 banarjI, DaoN0 Ara0 DI0 67Ti. prAptakAla caitya 23 bandha 174, 260 prApta-dharma 358 baraliMgaghama, I0 DablyU. 414 Ti. prAyazcita 226, 446, 450, 452, baruA, DaoN0 beNImAdhava 14 Ti0, 38 468, 466 barmI paramparA 117, 118 prAyazcitta-vidhi 464 pra0,465 barmI bhASA 117 Ti0 prAyazcitta-vidhAna 452, 458, 461 bala 238 prAyazcitta-vettA 465 baladeva 128, 126, 133, 334 prAvArika Amravana 360, 362, 376 bala-bhAvanA 266 378 balamitra 76 Ti0, 81 Ti. prANa-daNDa 446 balIndra 336 prAsaka 237 basAr3ha priyaMvadA dAsI 132 bahuzAlaga 340 priyadarzanA 134, 175, 184, 184, bahuzAla caitya 183 Ti0, 266, 270 bahuzruta 214 Ti0, 226, 234 priya mitra cakravartI 121 bAMThiyA, kistaramalajI prItidAna 166, 200, 260 Ti0 bANAvarodhinI vidyA 144 prItivarddhana 333 bAdara kAya-yoga premI, paM0 nAthUrAma 2 Ti0, 46 Ti0 bAdara mano-yoga 333 bAdara vacana-yoga bArahavAM svarga 417 bAraha vrata 301, 410 bArhadratha 87 Ti0, 88 Ti0, 86 phargyusana 105 Ti0, 66 Ti0 phalgazrI 331 bArhaspatya phA-hiyAna 103 bAlaka loNakAra-nivAsI 352, 361 phinsTa 456 Ti0 bAla maraNa 186 phIyara, DaoN0 14 bAlakA 164, 346 phosabola 267, Ti0, 405 Ti0 bAvarI 227 Ti0 phraiMka 455 bAveru jAtaka 434 phlITa, DaoN0 105, 115, 117 Ti0 bAveru rASTra 433 2010_05 |

Page #712
658 bAzama, DaoN0 biganDeTa bimbi 36, 38, 62 Ti0, 415 415, 415 Ti0, 417, 417 Ti0 117 Ti0, 117 Ti0 bimbisAra bihAra, uttarI bihAra, dakSiNI bIla, esa0 buddha Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana 2010_05 284 dekheM, zreNika 48, 56 48 448 1 pra0, 4, 6, 12, 32, 34, 41, 41 Ti0, 43, 43 Ti0, 46, 47, 56, 57, 58, 60, 62, 63, 6468, 68 Ti0, 66, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 86 Ti0, 87 Ti0, 61 Ti0, 104, 105, 106, 106 Ti0, 107, 107 Ti0, 114, 113 Ti0, 114, 115, 116, 122, 125, 126, 127, 127 Ti0, 136 pra0, 137, 151, 155, 156, 157, 158, 156, 160, 161, 166, 167, 166, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 201, 201 Ti0, 202, 203, 205, 207, 206, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 217, 218, 216, 220, 222, 223, 224, 224, Ti0, 226, 226 Ti0, 231, 234, 235, 243, 244, 246, 247, 251, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 246, 261, 262, 264, 265, 266, 267, 266, 271, 274, 275, 276, 281, 282, 283, 286, [khaNDa : 1 288, 22, 23, 264, 266, 203, 304, 305, 307, 310, 311, 312, 312. Ti0, 312, 315, 316, 318, 316, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 327, 328, 326, 330, 333 Ti0, 337, 338, 338 Ti0, 343, 344, 346, 347, 354, 356, 357, 358, 356, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 366, 370, 374, 376, 377, 378, 376, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 385, 388, 386, 361, 392, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 366, 400, 401, 402, 403, 405, 406, 407, 411, 417, 418, 416, 420, 428, 424, 432, 434, 435, 436, 441, 443, 445, 446, 447, 448, 453, 456, 466, 468, 470 buddha- aMkura 122, 141 buddha aura bimbisAra kI samasAmayikatA 281 buddha kA gRha tyAga 108, 117, 118, 147, 148, 156, 201 Ti0 45, 57, 58, 106, 108, 113, 117, 118, 122, 125 pra0, 263, 456 78, 62 buddha kA janma buddha kA janma sthAna buddha kA tithi krama

Page #713
itihAsa aura paramparA ] buddha kA nirvANa buddha kA putra janma buddha kA pUrva bhava buddhakAlIna bhAratIya bhUgola buddha kI dhAtuoM buddha kI prabrajyA buddha kIrti buddha ke cAcA 42, 43, 45, 45 pra0, 74, 78, 61, 61 Ti0, 104 pra0, 107, 108, 111, 115, 117, 117, Ti0, 118, 118, 222, 223, 282, 263, 264, 328, 32, 330, 331, 405, 441, 452, 453 buddhacarita buddha caryA buddhatva zabdAnukrama buddha ke cAturmAsa 107 buddha ke pAripAzvika mikSu bhikSuNiyAM 218 Iao buddha ke pramukha upAsaka upAsikAeM 232 pra0 buddha vacana buddha ke svapna 456 158 buddha ko bodhi-lAbha 68, 68 Ti0, 77, 107, 106 Ti0, 107, 108, 117, 118, 123, 127, 156, 158, 168, 171, 172, 174, 201, 234, 271, 274, 281, 340, 346, 386, 448, buddha kolAhala 122, 136 buddhaghoSa, AcArya 14, 15, 35, 35 Ti0, 267, 265, 266, 338, Ti0 271 Ti0, 271 Ti0 45 Ti0, 55 Ti0, 60 Ti0, 105 Ti0, 288 Ti0, 303, Ti0, 346 Ti0 123, 136, 142, 151, 2010_05 146 116 pra0 346 Ti0 353 Ti0 223 125, 146 pra0 2 447 buddha dharma buddha putra buddha bIja buddha lIlA buddha vaMza buddha zrI buddha saMgha buddha sUktoM buddhanusmRti buddhAvasthA buddhAsana buliyoM bRhata kathAkoSa bRhatkathAmajarI bRhatkarmA bRhadbala bRhadratha rAjA bRhadratha vaMza bRhaspati bRhaspati mitra becaradAsa, paM0 beTha-dIpa bodhi 656 157, 156, 167, 170, 272, 282, 385 dekheM, bauddha dharma 122 122 140 213 122 254, 366 223 444 bodhakumAra bodhagayA bodhi parivrAjaka bodhi maNDa bodhirAjakumAra bodhi rAjakumArasutta boddhi-vRkSa bodhisattva 352 212 344 285 101 Ti0 55 fto 86 Ti0 67 Ti0 85 Ti0 15 66 Ti0 12 Ti0 344 64, 170 pra0, 174 424 341 426, 428, 431 157, 166, 171, 214 320 320 Ti0 114, 140, 170, 447 1, 136, 137, 138, 136 136, 136 Ti0, 140, 140 Ti0, 140, 141, 143 Ti0, 144, 145, 146, 147, 146, 150, 167, 174, 175, 201

Page #714
Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa : 1 Ti0, 211, 421, 425, bauddha-paramparA 35, 38, 46, 51, 68, 426, 427, 428, 426, 66, 61, 100 Ti0, 103, 430, 432, 433, 435, 116, 187 Ti0, 216, bodhyaMga-bhAvanA 256 220, 221, 222, 223, bona 226, 232, 235, 271, bauddha 40, 47, 56, 61,73, 83, 274, 284, 285, 287, 66 Ti0, 111 Ti0, 112, 288, 262, 264, 5, 115, 124, 172, 173, 266, 267, 268, 303, 174, 175, 226 Ti0, pra0, 305, 306, 307, 232, 271, 280, 283, 308, 306, 310, 314, 260,26130, 342, 351 316, 407, 410, 326, 361, 318, 316 Ti0, 355, 415, 436, 440, 410, 328, 355, 412, 446, 458, 446, 466, 417,424,432 468,466, 470 bauddha abhijAtiyAM 417 pra0 bauddha-parva (marAThI) 12 Ti. bauddha Agama dekheM nauddha-zAstra bauddha piTaka dekheM, bauddha-zAstra bauddha-AcAra 446, 466 bauddha pravrajyA bauddha upasampadAeM 201 pra0 bauddha-bhikSa 287, 308 Ti0, 316, bauddha uposatha 411,411 322, 360 368, 401, bauddha kathA-sAhitya 448 438, 448, 467, 468, bauddha-kAlAgaNanA 66, 83, 86, 86 Ti0, bauddha bhikSu-saMgha 320 87, 61,63 Ti0, 66 Ti0, bauddha-dIkSA 315 106 bauddha-mata 398 bauddha kAlIna bhArata 84 Ti0, 104, bauddha-mAnyatA 235, 286, 315, 407, Ti0 316 bauddha guru 368 bauddha lekhaka 64 bauddha-grantha 54, 64 Ti0, 100 Ti0, bauddha varNana 307 Ti. 104, 282, 262, 315, bauddha-vivaraNa bauddha-dharma 42, 77, 78 Ti0, 61, bauddha-zAstra 15, 44, 45, 46, 47, 113, 115, 124, 136, 56, 56, 61, 62, 67,68 175, 254, 274, 275, 66, 70, 74, 77, 107, 282, 262, 263, 264, 173, 264, 346, 364, 315, 332, 366, 418, 456, 417, 458,466, __ tathA dekheM, tripiTaka bauddha-dharma-saMgha 470 bauddha-zAstra-nirmAtA 463 bauda-dharma-darzana 34, Ti0, 123 Ti. bauddha zAstra saMgrAhaka 47, 62,413 bauddha nikAya 34 bauddha-saMgha 1.78, 264, 316 452 2010_05

Page #715
itihAsa aura paramparA ] bauddha saMskRti bauddha samullekha bauddha sAhitya bauddhoM kI dakSiNI paramparA brahma brahmA-uposatha-vrata brahma kAyika devatA brahmacarya brahmacaryavAsa brahmacArI zabdAnukrama 125 55, 57, 58, 64, 74, 127, 286, 316 56, 61, 75, 201 Ti0 285, 263, 307, Ti0, 318. 326 414, 420, 441 51, 56 408 408 406 33, 72, 123, 135, 202, 204, 228, 332, 362, 364, 404, 407, 462 40, 421 447, 461 16 Ti0 brahmajAlasutta brahmadaNDa brahmadatta brahmaloka brahmA brahmANDa brahmANDa purANa brAhmaNa 343 424, 433, 435 36, 444, 445 136, 136, 366, 408 138 83 4, 5, 10, 11, 12, 14. 18, 16, 23, 71, 75, 76 100 Ti0, 100 Ti0, 121 125, 128, 134, 137, 138, 141, 152, 174, 175, 177, 183, 187, 201 Ti0, 224 Ti0, 225, Ti0, 226 Ti0, 227 Ti0, 244, 275, 261, 303, 311, 342, 344, 363, 366, 366, 370, 380, 381, 384, 386, 361, 363, 366, 401, 403, 405, 406, 418, 416, 422, 424, 428, 434, 2010_05 brAhmaNa kuNDa brAhmaNa grAma brAhmaNa zAstra byUhlara, DaoN0 bhaMbhasAra bhagavAna buddha 661 435, 441, 442, 444, 448, 346, 350 26, 348 128 Ti0, 105, 115, 115 Ti0, 116, 116 Ti0 bhaMbhAsAra bhakta pAna bhakta pratyAkhyAna bhagavatI sUtra bha 277, 283, 284, 286, 260, 261, 308, 306 dekheM, bhaMbhAsAra 236 186 12 Ti0, 12, 17, 26, 33 Ti0, 34, 36 Ti0, 38, 52, 52 Ti0, 52 Ti0, 56 74, 74 Ti0, 126 Ti0, 158 Ti0, 173 Ti0, 184 Ti0, 184 Ti0, 186 Ti0, 160 Ti0, 163 Ti0, 218 218 Ti0, 280 Ti0, 231 232, 232 Ti0, 235, 261, 270, 268 Ti0, 300, 300 Ti0, 302 Ti0, 307 Ti0, 316, 316 Ti0, 315, 324 Ti0, 326, 330, 331 Ti0, 333, Ti0, 384 Ti0, 411, 413, 466 Ti0 2 Ti0, 4 Ti0, 15. Ti0, 58 Ti0, 105 Ti0, 106, Ti0, 174 Ti0, 175 Ti0, 38 Ti0 15 Ti0 58 Ti0 105 bhagavAn mahAvIra no saMyama dharma bhagavAn mahAvIra aura bhagavAn buddha bhagavAnalAla indarajI, paM0

Page #716
662 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa : 1 bhagga 234 Ti0, 234 Ti0 bhArata kA bRhat itihAsa 52 Ti0, 78 bhaTTa, janArdana 17 Ti0, 84 Ti0, 104 Ti0, 76 Ti0, Ti0, 113 TiM0 bhAratavarSa 330, 331, 441 bhaNDopakaraNa bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi 8 Ti. bhaddiya 216, 217, 223, 286 280 Ti0, 282 Ti0, 326 bhaddiya kAligodhA-putra 225 Ti0 bhaddiya vaggo 315 Ti0 mAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA bhaddiyA nagara 246, 247, 348, 354 mAratIya vidyA 36 Ti0,45 bhadra pratimA 227 bhAratIya saMskRti aura usakA itihAsa bhadrabAhu, AcArya 326, 334, 450, 40 Ti0 451 bhAradvAja 22, 23 bhadravatI rASTra 234 Ti0 bhAradvAja gotrI 176 bhadravargIya 205 bhAva 385 bhadravatikA zreSTha 234 Ti0 bhAvanA 331 bhadrA 194, 165, 166, 223, bhAva bhAskara kAvyam 367 Ti0 230 bhAvavijaya gaNI 168 Ti0, 200 Ti. bhadrA kApilAyinI 224, 227 bhAva lezyA bhadrA kAtyAyanI 227 bhAva saMgraha 37 Ti. bhadrA kuNDalakezA 446 pra0 bhAvitAtmA bhadrika 3, 201 Ti0 bhASya 450, 451,452 bhadrikA nagara 234 Ti0 bhAsa, mahAkavi 268, 317 bhadrezvara 48, 50 bhibhasAra dekheM, bhabhasAra bhaya 214 Ti0, 253 bhibhisAra dekheM, bhabhasAra bhaya-kathA ___406 bhikkhu pAtimokkha 461 Ti0, 462 bharata 116, 120 467 Ti0,467 Ti0,468 bharata-kSetra 120, 125, 161 468 Ti0 bharata-mukti 16 Ti0, 140Ti0 bhikSAcarI 153, 165, 212, 213, bharatezvara bAhubali vRtti 243 Ti0 230 bhalluka 233, 234 Ti. bhikSAcAra 360 bhava-siddhika 185 bhikSATana 425, 426,430 bhabAna 171 bhikSu, AcArya 303 Ti0 bhasma-graha 83, 334 bhikSu-prantha ratnAkara 303 Ti0 bhAgavata purANa 83 bhikSu-saMgha, buddha kA 107, 112, 216 bhANDArika 325 220, 222, 254 bhAnumitra 76 Ti0, 81 Ti0 bhikSu-saMgha, mahAvIra kA 184, 163, 167 bhArata 167 200, 201, 216 bhArata kA prAcIna rAjavaMza 78 Ti0, 64, bhikSuoM ke upadeSTA 226 Ti. bhikSuoM meM agragaNya 224 pra0 2010_05

Page #717
itihAsa aura paramparA] zabdAnukrama bhikSu-jIvana 317 bhojapurI bhikSu-niyama 342, 407, 461 bhramavidhvaMsanam 83 Ti0 bhikSu parivAra 420 bhikSu-bhikSuNiyAM 331 bhikSu-zrAvaka 232 maMkula parvata 107 Ti0,352 bhikSu-saMgha 72, 76, 224, 257, maMkha 36 258, 261, 263, 264, maMkha karma 266, 267, 275, 276, maMkhali 283, 264, 308, 312, maMkhali gozAlaka 4, 5 pra0, 15, 17 pra0, 316, 332, 338, 340, 37, 43, 43 Ti0 52, 56 357, 358, 364, 366, 61, 63, 65, 65 Ti0,74 378, 376, 361, 363, 75, 76, 105, 106, 106 366, 367, 398, 366, Ti0, 151 223, 261, 400, 402, 404, 405, 266, 316 Ti0, 324, 416, 458, 465, 470 381, 363 364, 368, bhikSu-saMgha aura usakA vistAra 315 Ti0 400, 402, 403, 405, ___326, 386 Ti0, 470, 406, 412, 413, 414, Ti. 414 Ti0, 418, 420, bhikSu-smRti prantha 355 Ti0 421,422, 432, 441 bhikkhuNI khandhaka 224 Ti0, 471 Ti0 maMkhaliputra gozAlaka kI mRtyu 26, 35 bhikkhuNI pAtimoksa 462, 462 Ti0 53, 63, 65, 63, 107 463 Ti0, 466, 468 Ti0, bhajuzrImUlakalpa 100 Ti. bhikSuNiyoM ke upadeSTA 226 maMDika 22, 23, 261 bhikSuNI-saMgha 224, 462 maMDikukSi 23 272 274 mikSaNI-saMgha, bauddha paramparA meM 282 maMDakI 338 bhuvanapati 131 maMtra 332 bhUkampa 338 maMtrI 141, 201 bhUcAla 343 makkhalI gozAla dekheM 'maMkhaliputra gozAlaka 448 magadha 3, 25, 76, 87, 88, 60 Ti0, bhUvrata 88 Ti0 63, 63 Ti0, 64, 66, 97 217 66, TiM0, 101 Ti0, 181, 306 108, 376, bhaiSajya sandhaka 358 206, 224 Ti0, 225 Ti, bhoga nagara 226 Ti0, bhogapura 346 227 Ti0, 233 Ti0, bhogavaMzI 201 234 Ti0, 243, 246, bhoja 141, 201 246, 247, 273, 234, bhojanazAlAeM 277 272, 273, 274, 205, bhUta maMga bheda ____ 2010_05

Page #718
664 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 202 277, 281, 283, 268, mathurA saMgrahAlaya 296 264, 266, 300, 305, madyapAna 25 315, 317, 325, 344, maddana sanniveza 348 346, 347, 348, 353, maddakucchi 274 410, 447, madra 227 Ti0, 286, 268 magahI __456 madhukarI 145, 253 macchikAsaNDa 233 Ti0,380,381 madhya deza 125 machalI 433,437 madhyama apApA 346 majUmadAra, Ara0 sI0, 50, 57 Ti0, madhyama pratipadA 202 66, 67 Ti0, 285 madhyama mArga majjana-dhAya 126 mana-karma 361, 367 majjhimanikAya 2 Ti0, 33 Ti0, 36, mana-daNDa 116, 360, 361, 363, 40, 71 Ti0, 173 Ti0, mana-duzcarita 357, 360 220 Ti0, 246 Ti0, manaHparyava jJAna 135, 172, 216, 330, 275, 306, Ti0, 310, manazilA 138 317, 320 Ti0, 322 Ti0 manaHsucarita 357, 360 323 Ti0, 362, 367, manaHsattva devAlaya 362 376, 375, 376, 385 manasAkaTa (kosala) 353 385, Ti0, 360, 362, manuSya-vigraha 454 401 Ti0, ,407, 483, manogata rUpa nirmAtA 225 415 Ti0,418 Ti0, 416, manomaya 416 Ti0, 421, 423 manoraMjaka dRzya majjhimanikAya aTThakathA 35, 35 Ti0, manovaijJAnika 466 272 Ti0, 307 Ti0, mandAra-puSpa 453 320 Ti0, 382, 416, mayAli 274, 287 416 Ti0, mayUra aura kAka 432 pra0 majhima paNNasaka 173 Ti0, 413 Ti0, marIci tApasa 116 maNi 410 marudevI mAtA 333 maNibhadra deva 25 malaya 25, 164, 348, 344 maNDapa 246 malayagiri vRtti 26 Ti0, 30 Ti0, maNDalaka 442 ___31 Ti0, 120 Ti0, maNDita 176, 176 121 Ti0, 155 Ti0, matijJAna 128, 172 Ti0, 160 158 Ti0, 161 Ti0, 168 matsya 410,485 178, 120, 226 Ti0, matsyapurANa malala zekhara, jI0 pI0 86, 66, 101 Ti0, 266 Ti0 33 Ti0, 355, 440 matsyaghAtaka 412 malla (deza) 71, 215, 226 mathurA 3, 353 malla 48, 288, 401, 302, 305, 0 2010_05

Page #719
itihAsa aura paramparA ] mallakI mallarAma mallikA rAnI maskarI maskarI gozAliputra 325, 328, 340, 342 343, 344, 346, 352, 353, 361, 405, 410 1, 72 22,23 mahaka mahaddhika (divya zaktidhara ) mahallaka mahA abhijJAdhArikA mahA avIci mahAkAlakumAra mahAkAzyapa 442 381 264, 265 266, 310, 368, 403 332, 366 227 307 287 226 22, 33, 36 206, 306 317, 318 287 113 Ti0, 114, 216 223, 224, 227, 343, 344, 452, 453, 454, 455 mahAkaNhakumAra mahAkappina mahAkalpa mahAkAtyAyana bhikSu zabdAnukrama mahAkozala rAjA mahAkoSThita mahAkhandhaka 322 35 2010_05 267 226 275 Ti0, 386 Ti0, 470 Ti0, mahAjanapada mahAtama prabhA mahAtIrtha brAhmaNa grAma mahAdumaseNa 287 mahAnandI 87 Ti0, 65 Ti0, 100 Ti0, 101, 100 Ti0, 103 Ti0 mahAnandI kA rAjyAbhiSeka 102 410 307 Ti0, 224 Ti,0 mahAnAda 168 mahAnAma zAkya 3, 85, 201Ti0, 215, 215, 323, 374, 376 mahAnidAna sutta mahAnirgrantha mahAnirgranthIya adhyayana mahAn zayyA mahApadma mahApadmananda rAjA 272 410 100Ta0, 236 101, 101 Ti0, 101 Ti0, 103 Ti0, mahApadma kA rAjyAbhiSeka 102 mahApadma ke ATha putroM kA rAjyAbhiSeka 102 mahAparinibvAna sutta 41 Ti0, 54, 55, 55 Ti0, 74, 61 Ti0, 223 Ti0, 274 Ti0, 300, 303. Ti0, 304 Ti0, 305, 326, 330, 405, 456 mahApariSad mahApuNya puruSa mahApuNyAtmA mahApRthvI mahAprajApati gautamI mahAprajJA mahAprAjJa mahAbodhikumAra mahAbodhi jAtaka mahAbrahmA mahAbodhi vRkSa mahAbhadra pratimA mahAbhArata mahAbhiniSkramaNa mahAbhoga mahAbhUtila mahAmAyA devI mahAmArI mahAmAhaNa mahAmaudgalyAyana mahAyAna mahAyAna- paramparA 665 6 Ti0 272,273 226 247 247 146, 168, 171, dekheM gautamI 227, 277 224, 366 424 pra0 432 432 136, 136 140 227 86 Ti0, 87 Ti0, 127, 147 225 Ti0 164 137, 138, 136 443, 470 25 dekheM, maudgalyAyana 175, 276, 446 260 Ti0, 316 352, 401, 445

Page #720
666 mahAyAnI tripiTaka mahAlatA AbhUSaNa mahAlatA prasAdhana mahAli sutta mahAlI mahAvaMza mahAvaMza kI kAla-gaNanA mahAvaMza TIkA mahAvagga mahAvastu mahAvideha kSetra mahAvIra Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana 276 46, 46 Ti0 51, 52 Ti0 64, 64 Ti0, 83, 85 pra0, 85 Ti0, 61 TiM0, 62 Ti0 6 Ti0 102 Ti0, 103, 105 Ti0, 282, 282 Ti0 316 250 250, 251, 255 413 Ti0 442 15 Ti0, 106 Ti0, 162 Ti0, 166 Ti0, 172 Ti0, 202 Ti0, 205 Ti0 207 Ti0, 206 Ti0, 215 Ti0, 221 Ti0, 247 Ti0, 260 Ti0, 272 Ti0, 275, 275 Ti0, 276 Ti0, 286 Ti0, 307 Ti0, 358, 383 Ti0, 384, 388, 386, 404, 470 Ti0, mahAvagga aTThakathA 213 Ti0, 214 Ti0, mahAvana 107 Ti0 mahAvana 107 Ti0 mahAvana kUTagAra - zAlA 307 Ti0, 442 102 Ti0 2010_05 356, 382, 418 156 Ti0, 285, 260 Ti0, 443, 445, 446 446 Ti0, 27, 314 1 pra0, 4, 8, 6, 12, 12, 17, 17, Ti0, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 33, Ti0, 38, 36, 40, 41, 43, 43, [ khaNDa : 1 Ti0, 46, 47, 52, 54, 56, 57, 56, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, Ti0, 68, 66, 71, 72, 73, 74, 77, 78, 76, 81, Ti0, 82, Ti0, 87, Ti0, 105, 106, 107, 108, 126, 121, 121, 125, 126, fzo, 127, 127, pra0, 151, 152, 153, 153, Ti0, 153, 154, 157, 158, 160, 163, 164, 165, 165, 168, 170, 172, 174, 175, 177, 177, 180, 181, 182, 183, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 163, 194, 167, 168, 166, 200, 218, 216, 220, 220, 222, 228, 226, 230, 231, 231, 232, 236, 237, 238, 236, 242, 242, 243, 261, 261, 266, 270, 270, 271, 274, 277, 278, 278, 276, 280, 281, 282, 283, 286, 288, 288, 261, 267, 266, 301, 302, 303, 308, 312, 314, 315, 315, 317, 318, 316, 320, 324, 325, 325, 327, 328, 326, 330, 332, 333, 332, 334, 334, Ti0 335, 336, 346, 353, 354, 356, 360, 361, 362, 367, 368, 370, 376, 382, 384,

Page #721
itihAsa aura paramparA zabdAnukrama 667 361, 361, 363, 401, mahAvIra kA bAlya-jIvana 133 pra0 405, 411, 417, 418, mahAvIra kA vivAha 134 420, 421, 422, 446, mahAvIra kA vihAra 348 pra0 451, 456, 457, 468, mahAvIra kA zAsana 236 466,470 mahAvIra kI janma-rAzi 82 mahAvIra aura buddha kI samasAmayikatA 60 mahAvIra kI jyeSThatA 57, 61, Ti0, 63, Ti0 75 pra0, 386, 402, mahAvIra aura buddha kI samasAmayikatA 54, 402, Ti0, 404, Ti0, 66, 66, 70,71, 106, 448 pra0 108, 320 Ti0462 mahAvIra kI prathama dezanA 280 mahAvIra aura buddha ke samasAmayika mahAvIra kI pravrajyA 125 pra0 rAjA 320 mahAvIra kI pAripAzvika bhikSamahAvIra aura zreNika kI samasAma- bhikSuNiyAM 218 pra0 yikatA 281 mahAvIra ke pramukha upAsakamahAvIra kathA 40 Ti0 upAsikAe~ 232 pra0 mahAvIra kA uttarAdhikArI 261, 446 mahAvIra ke svapna 158 mahAvIra kA janma 44, 48, 56, 64 78, mahAvIra caritra 334 Ti0, 346 83, 125 pra0 mahAvIra cariyaM 81 Ti0, 276 Ti0, 281 mahAvIra kA janma-sthAna Ti0, 330, 332 Ti. mahAvIra kA janmotsava 131 pra0 mahAvIra-vANI 77 mahAvIra kA tithi-krama 78 pra0 mahAvIra svAmI no saMyama dharma 15 Ti0 36 mahAvIra kA dIkSA-samAroha 127 Ti0, 55 Ti. mahAvIra kA nirbANa 35, 44, 44, Ti0 mahAvrata (pA~ca mahAvrata) 8, 24, 116 77, 78, 76, 80, 81, mahAzataka 262 82, 83, 63, 63, Ti0, mahAzilA kaMTaka saMgrAma 25, 46, 46, 52, 65, 64, Ti0, 66, Ti0, 52, 55, 106, 280, 288, 300 pra0 103, 105, 106, 107, mahAzukla abhijAti 108, 178, 222, 261, mahAzramaNa 266 328, 330 pra0, 355, mahAzrAvaka 361, 361, 362 mahAsakulaudAyo sutsanta 354, 407 mahAvIra kA nirvANa kisa pAvA meM ? mahAsaccaka sutta 36 Ti0, 416, 420 47 pra0 330 Ti0 / mahAsamudra 172 mahAvIra kA nirvANa-prasaMga 42, 47, 56, mahAsammata 62 Ti0, 213 62, 66, 70 pra0, 218, mahAsAmanta samaravIra 134 360, Ti0, 361, Ti0, mahAsiMhanAda sutta 2 Ti. 262, Ti0 mahAsiMhaniSkrIDita tapa 227 mahAvIra kA pUrva bhava 116 pra0 mahAsihaseNa 287 mahAvIra kA bala 133 mahAsudarzana 342 137 ____ 2010_05

Page #722
Agama aura tripiTaka : [khaNDa : 1 WW G2010 406 120 mahAseNa 287 mArgaNA 306 mahAseNa kaNhakumAra 287 mAlava 25, 76 mahAsena 66 Ti0 mAlavaNiyA, pro0 dalamukha bhAI 282, mahAsena-udyAna 177 266 Ti0, 315 Ti0,451 mahAsena devaputra 441 mAlA 410 mahAskandhaka 15 Ti0 162 Ti0, 166 Ti0, mAsika tapa 172 Ti0, 202 Ti0, 205 mAsika prAyazcitta Ti:, 205 Ti0, 207 Ti0, mAsikI bhikSu pratimA 206 Ti0, 213 Ti0 215 mAhAtmya-kathA Ti0 miNDikA-putra upaka 263 mahInetra 88 Ti0, 86 Ti0 mithilA 176, 160, 346. 346, mahauSadha 140 Ti0 351 mahauSadha janma 136, 136 Ti0 mithyAtva mahendra 117 Ti0,442 mithyAdarzana 185 mahendrakumAra 'prathama', muni 140 Ti0 mithyAdarzana zalya viveka 260 mAMsa 2, 6, 10, 358, 358,430,430, mithyAdRSTi 416, 436, 443, 444 433, 435, 437 minAndara 440 Ti0 mAMsAhAra 360 milinda paho dekheM milinda prazna mAMsAhAra-carcA 434 pra0 milinda prazna 64 Ti0, 222 Ti0, mAgadha 48, 76, 77, 87 Ti0, 187 368, 368 Ti0, 440, mAgadhikA vezyA 302 440 Ti0, 441, 441 Ti0 456 milinda rAjA 64, 440, 440 Ti0,440 mAgandika 438 muktA 410 mAgandiyA rAnI 316, 320 mukti 170 mANava gAmiya 421 mukuTa-bandhana caitya 343,344 mANavikA 366 mukharjI, DaoN0 rAdhAkumuda 33 Ti0, 57, 57, mANDalika rAjA 126, 286 Ti0 78 Ti0,76 Ti0, 85 Ti0, mAtaMga jAtaka 316 Ti0 86 Ti0, 66 Ti0, 108, mAtaMgAraNya 111, 113, 117 Ti0, mAna 185, 260, 416 274, 302, 305 mAnasika 420 mucalinda nAgarAja 168 mAnuSottara parvata 158 mujaphpharapura mAyA 185, 261, 416 muditA sahagata citta 377 mAyAdevI 123 muNDa 51 Ti0, 65 Ti0, 65, 66, mAyAmRSA 102 Ti0 mAra 127, 136, 146, 166, pra0, 168, muNDa kA rAjyAbhiSeka 171, 332, 366, 422 municandra AcArya 30 mAra senA 168 muni suvrata svAmI 302 mAgadhI 48 102 ____ 2010_05

Page #723
itihAsa aura paramparA] zabdAnukrama mUla muhUrta 333 mathuna 185, 454, 461, 466 446, 464 maithuna-viramaNa 260 mUlA seThAnI 176 mokAnagarI 350 mRga-dAva 172, 203 mokSa 176, 184 Ti0, 185, 187, 188, magapakkha jAtaka 285 Ti0 186, 161, 200, 276, mRgayA-gRddhi 276 260, 313, 313, Ti. mRgA-putra 15 314,332, 335, 360 mRgAra mAtA 255 mogharAja 227 magAra zreSThI 248 pra0,254,255,365 pra0 modI 314 Ti. mRgAvatI 180, 185, 231, 268, 317 moranivApa parivrAjakArAma 406 318, 316, 325 morAka sanniveza 348 mRcchakaTika 67 Ti0 mosali mRtyu-daNDa 263 moggalAna sutta 221 Ti0 mRdu-citta 358 maudgalyAyana 15, 113 Ti0, 114, 174, mRpAbAda 185, 236, 260, 401, 406 175, 175 Ti0, 207 pra0, maSAvAda-viramaNa 260 213, 216, 220 pra0, meMDhiya grAma 346, 350 222, 222 , 224, 256, meghakUmAra 180 pra0, 228 pra0, 276, 281, 263, 263, 268 pra0, 287, 306 276, 262, 386, 363 meghakumAra devatA 328, 336 maudgalyAyana kA nidhana 221 meghamAlI devatA 166 maudgalyAyana kA vadha 436 mer3hIbhUta 306 maurya 67, 76 Ti0, 81 Ti0, 66 Ti0, meNDaka gRhapati 246, 247, 248 maurya-putra 176, 176 metArya 176, 176 maurya rAjA 18 Ti0 medhyAraNya 364 maurya-rAjya merutuMga, AcArya 57, 68, 76, 81 Ti0. maurya-vaMza 101, 102 83 maurya-saMvat 18 Ti0, 88 Ti0 meruparvata 127, 131, 158, 164, 165, maulI 220, 221 myAna 177 mehatA gaMgAprasAda 100 Ti. mehatA, madanakumAra 27Ti0 maiksamUlara, DaoN0 42, 45, 104, 116, 116 Ti0 yakSa 277, 320, 443 maitrI 378,435 yajJa-yAga 176, 320 maitrI ceto vimukti 377 yajJAnuSThAna-vidhi 177 maMtrI vihAra prApta 234 yajurveda 128 maMtrI sahagata citta 377 yajJasutta 320 Ti0 maithilI bhASA 456 yatAtmA 25 ____ 2010_05

Page #724
670 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 25 yavamadhyacandra pratimA 228 326 Ti0, 346, 388 yaza 175 Ti0, 203 pra0, 206 rAisa DeviDsa, zrImatI 3, 3, 33 Ti0, yazasvatI 134 60 Ti0, 85, 10, Ti0 104, yazodA 134, 134 Ti0 107 Ti0 yazodharA 213 rAga 185, 161,453 yazobhadra 334 rAja-kathA 406 yaSTi 251 rAjakumAra 235 Ti0 yAma 406, 410 rAja-kula yuddha-kathA 406 rAjagRha 1, 8, 12, 18, 16, 23, 31, yoga 236, 416 48, 66, 75, 76, 65 Ti0, yoga-bala 203, 263 66 Ti0, 107, 155, 174, yoga-vidhAna 440 176, 180, 183, 187, yogazAstra, hemacandra kA 313 Ti. 194, 167, 207, 208, yaugalika-dharma 332 211, 212, 223, 224 yauna-dharma 462 Ti0, 225 Ti0, 226 Ti0, yauna-zuddhi 463 227 Ti0, 230, 233, 234 Ti0, 235, 234, Ti0, 236, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, raktajJA 227 262, 262, 263, 264, racanA kAla, titthogAlI painnai kA 84 266, 267, 268, 271, racanA kAla, dIpavaMza kA 272, 274, 275, 276, racanA kAla, nizItha kA 446 pra0, 456 276, 277, 280, 281, racanA kAla, purANoM kA 282, 264, 266, 303, racanA kAla, mahAvaMza kA 306, 306, 310, 312, racayitA, nizItha kA 446 pra0 317, 323, 326, 330, rajata parvata 137 332, 342, 346, 348, rajoharaNa 181,228 346, 352, 350, 352, rajjuka sabhA 351, 353, 354, 368, rati-arati 185 374, 383, 386, 363, ratnaprabhA 307 Ti. 363, 402, 406, 407, rathamUsalasaMgrAma 46, 46, 5.5, 106, 302 412, 421, 422, 443, rathakAra-kula 444, 445, 453, 454, rathika 454, 466 ramyaka nagara 121 rAjagRha meM sAtoM dharma-nAyaka 406 pra0 416 rAja-dharma rasa megha 331 rAjanya 325 rAisa DeviDsa 281, 263, 268, 326, rAjanya kula 128 84 84 417 rasa ____ 2010_05

Page #725
itihAsa aura paramparA ] rAjanya vaMzI rAjaputrI rAjapurohita rAjavaMza rAjavaidya rAr3ha deza rAdha rAtri bhojana rAtri bhojana tyAgI rAma rAma kaNhakamAra rAma-grAma rAmapuriyA, zrIcandra rAyapaseNiya sUtra rASTrapAla rAhula kumAra zabdAnukrama rAhulavastu ripuMjaya rukSa cIvaradhArI rukSa cIvaradhArikA ucakavara dvIpa ruci 201 227 Ti0 318 226 Ti0 40 Ti0, 63 pra0, 342 Ti0, 405 Ti0 rAyacaudharI, eca0 sI0 45 Ti0, 50 Ti0, 52 Ti0, 57 Ti0, 66, 76 Ti0, 61, 64 Ti0, 65 Ti0, 105, 116 Ti0 324, 324 Ti0 2010_05 235 348 226 467 410 141, 201 Ti0, 316 287 146, 344 225 147, 148, 175, 211, pra0 214, 225, 470 rAhula mAtA devI 140, 146, 148, 213, 213, 214, 227 213 Ti0 87, 8 Ti0, 96 Ti0 227 227 221 371 316, 315 Ti 6 Ti0 rudrAyaNAvadAna rUpa bhava rUpya bAlukA nadI rumminadeI stambha lekha 113, 456 reu mahAmahopAdhyAya paM0 vizvezvaranAtha repasana 880, revatakhadiravaniya revatI rokahila, DablyU 0 DablyU 0 267 Ti0, 268 Ti0, roha raudra dhyAna raurUka laMkA laMkA kI gAthA laMkA kI paramparA laMkA meM nirgrantha laMkAvAsI lakuNTaka bhaddiya lakSapAka tela lakSmaNa lakSmI vallabha kRta vRtti lavaNa samudra lahasuna 348 lAghava lADanUM la laghu cAturmAsika prAyazcitta laghu mAsika prAyazcitta laghusiMha niSkrIDita tapa lajjA lADU, tukArAma kRSNa 78 Ti0, 64 Ti0 lAr3ha deza 66 Ti0, 68 Ti0, lAntaka devaloka 66 Ti0, 101 Ti0 lAbhArthI 671 61 Ti0, 117 Ti0 68 68 225 233 284 Ti0, 320 Ti0 22, 23 416 315 457, 467 452 227 214 Ti0, 228 laTThadanta 287 laTTivana 275 labdhiyA 182, 166, 218, 216, 220, 261 lalita vistara 151 Ti0, 175, 276, 325 441 pra0 68 225 240 141, 201Ti0 302 Ti0, 302 Ti0 236 468 170 42 105 25, 154, 348 36, 270 225

Page #726
672 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 314 licchavI 1, 36, 54, 276, 301, 302, vacana duzcarita 357 303, 304, 304, 306, vajirA 267, 306, 322 325, 344 vajjiputtaka 268 licchabI-saMgha 305, 325 vajjI 46, 54, 54, 216, 220, 224, licchavI-nAyaka Ti0,262,303pra0, 346, lichUAr3a 48 ____353, 410, 447 luMcana 116, 127, 135, 183, 200, vajjIgaNa 305, 305, 325, 336 437,447, vajjI-vijaya 54, 266 pra0 luNTAka 412 vajra 25 lubdhaka 412 vajragAMva 346 lumbinI 113, 114,113Ti0,136,140, vajrabhUmi 154, 348 vajramadhyacandra pratimA 228 lezyA 236, 416,417, 418 vaNika-kanyA lo, DaoN0 bI0 sI0 303 Ti0, vatsa gotrIya parivrAjaka 381 loka 188, 163, 260, 356, 366, vatsa deza 25, 88 Ti0, 185, 226 Ti0, 384, 385, 362, 405, 234 Ti0, 316, 325, 425 346 lokapAla devatA 136, 170 vatsa-nareza 317 lokavid 377, 366,408 vanaspati 467 loka sAnta-ananta 384 pra0 vappa jaina zrAvaka lokAntika deva 126, 135, 170 vappa paMcavargIya 388 lokAyatika 15,384,385 vappa zAkya 201 Ti0, 386 pra0, 388 lokAyatika sutta 384 vappa sutta 388 lobha 185, 260, 416 vaya: prApta 332 lolupa nArakI vAsa 236 vayaska dIkSA lohakumbhIya niraya 307, 307 Ti0 vayo'nuprApta 401 lohArgalA 348 varNa 416 lohita abhijAti 37, 413, 414 vartIvardhana 87 Ti0, 67 Ti. varddhamAna 133, 163, 161, 198, 268 varSAvAsa 183, 212, 245, 326, 330 332, 341, 354, 360, vaMgIza 225 363, 406, 407, 453, vaMsa 353 vallabhI 44 vakkali 225 vaziSTha gotrI 386 vakkula 113 Ti0, 115, 226 vasantapura nagara vaggumudA tIravAsI bhikSu 455 vasumati 178 vacana-karma 361 vastra-kathA 406 vacana-daNDa 116,360,361 vastradhArI nirgrantha 438 pra0 dekheM, vappa zAkya 468 ___ 2010_05

Page #727
itihAsa aura paramparA] zabdAnukrama 673 vassakAra amAtya 46 54, 55 Ti0, 262, vikrama saMvat / 56, 68, 68,80, 83 263, 303,304, 305 vikramAditya 56, 57, 76, 76 vAk-sucarita 357 vikrama kA rAjyArohaNa 56,68 vAcanA 44 vikSepavAda 5,7,16 vAcAlA 348 viTaraniTja 326 vANijyagrAma 233, 236, 238, 236, vicAra zreNI 57 Ti 2, 76, 76 Ti0, 324,324, 348, 350 81 Ti0, 83, 85Ti0, vAtotkAlika 24 vicikitsA 382, 403 vAdya 410 vicitra vaktA 226 vAyu 466 vijaya 62 Ti. vAyukumAra devatA 336 vijaya kA rAjyAbhiSeka 12 Ti. vAyudeva vijaya gAthApati vAyu purANa 83 Ti0, 86 Ti0, 87 Ti0, vijaya muhUrta 170 86 Ti0, 64 Ti0, 66 Ti0, vijayendrasUri 63, 197 Ti0, 284, 284, 101 Ti0, 346, 347 vAyubhUti 176, 176 vijitAvI 307 vArANasI nagarI 23, 172,175, 166Ti0, vijjunegha 331 200, 201, 203, vijJAnAntyAyatana 204, 212, 226 Ti0, viDUDabha 322, 323 233, 235 Ti0, 257, vidita dharma 202,406 324, 342, 346, 346, vidita vizeSa 807 353, 424, 425, 426, videha 183, 283, 268, 346, 353 430, 433, 435 videhajacce 267 vAriseNa 288 videhajAtya 268 vAluprabhA 307 Ti0 videhadatAtmaja vAsudeva 121, 128, 126, 133 videhadinne vAziSTha 72, 176, 342, 344 videhaputra vASpa 3, 201 videha rAja-kanyA vAsabha-khattiyA 322 vidyA-caraNa-sampanna 377,408 vAsavadatA 318, 320 Ti0 vidyAcAmaNa labdhi vAsudeva 260 Ti0,330,334 vidyAdhara vAhiya rASTra 226 Ti0 vidyunmatI dAsI viusagga 464 vidyunmAlI deva vikAla 464 vidhisAra vikAla bhojana se virata 410 vinaya 338, 342, 453, 454 vikuvarNa RSi 221 vinayadhara 226 vikrama-janma 56, 68, 68 vinayadharA 227 vikrama-vijaya 57 vinayapiTaka 15 Ti0 34 Ti0, 45 Ti0, l l l l MMMMM l l l l l n` 286 ____ 2010_05

Page #728
674 vinayavAda vinaya-sUtra vipAka vibhu vimala vimala koDaJJa Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana vivAha paNNatta vividhatIrthakalpa 60 Ti0, 105Ti0, 106Ti0, 162 Ti0, 166 Ti0, 172 Ti0, 202 Ti0, 205 Ti0, 205 Ti0, 207 Ti0, 206 Ti0, 214 Ti0, 215 Ti0, 217 Ti0, 216 Ti0, 220 Ti0, 223 Ti0, 224 Ti0, 235, 245 Ti0, 246 Ti0, 247 Ti0, 260 Ti0 262, 266 Ti0, 275, 275 Ti0, 276 Ti0, 285, Ti0, 286, 262 Ti0, 358, 387 Ti0, 364, 435, 446, 452 pra0, 455 Ti0, 456, 458 Ti0, 461 Ti0, 462 Ti0 463 Ti0, 466 Ti0, 467 Ti0, 477 Ti0 vinayapiTaka aTThakathA vinayapiTaka kI racanA 453 vinayapiTaka ke abrahmacarya sambandhita prAyazcitta vidhAna 461 356, 453 223 318 vipulAcala parvata 187, 231, 280, 422 vItihotra vIra vipruSoSadha labdhi vibhaMga jJAna vibhinna matoM ke deva 2010_05 221 173. 173 Ti0, 302 421 pra0 88 Ti0 204 287, 308 Ti0 vimalavAhana 331 vimala, viraja dharma cakSu 358, 364, 401 viramaNa 261 viramaNavrata virasamegha virodhI ziSya viveka vilepana vizAkhayUpa vizAkha zreSThI vizAkhAcArya vizAkhA mRgAra mAtA 411 331 Ti0 63 Ti0, 261 pra0 234, 235, 246 pra0, 283, 365, 366, 366, 407, 408, 410, 423, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 184 Ti0, 270 Ti0 [ khaNDa : 1 218 76 Ti0, 334 Ti0 261, 462, 464 410 66 Ti0 vizvakarmA vizvajit vizvasta 235 viSamegha 331 viSAda kula 417 viSNu purANa 83, 65 Ti0 vihAra aura varSAvAsa 346 pra0 vItadveSa 416 vItabhayapura 168, 168 Ti0, 313, 315, 325, 346 227 Ti0 450, 451 32, 220, 232. vRddha vItamoha 416 vItarAga 153, 335, 373, 417, 416, 45.3 87 Ti0 36 Ti0 146 6 Ti0 287 vIrakaNhakumAra vIra- nirvANa saMvat aura jaina kAla gaNanA 58, 56 Ti0, 60 Ti0, 61 Ti0, 62 Ti0, 74Ti0, vIrAsana 84 Ti0, 63 Ti0, 54 Ti0, 105 Ti0 153 170, 238 15 Ti0, vIrya vuDavArDa, DaoN0 epha0 ela0 15, 41 Ti0, 383, 413 Ti0 332

Page #729
itihAsa aura paramparA zabdAnukrama 675 422 veda veTambarI devaputra 267, 300, 301, 302, veNugrAma 332 304, 308 Ti0, 318, veNuvana 75, 76, 206, 211, 262, 266, 326, 328, 332, 338, 275, 310, 368, 402, 344, 346, 348, 343 406, 421 352, 352, 353, 354, 10 128, 142 356, 357, 357, 382, vedanA 260 384, 418, 442, 445, vedanIya karma 371, 372, 374 454, 456, 471 vedavAdI brAhmaNa 10 pra0 vaizAlI gaNataMtra 267, 266,326,326 vedAnta 7, 11 di0 vaizAlI-prAkAra-bhaMga 46, 55, 302 pra0 vedhaA 71, 361 vaizAlI meM mahAmArI 442 pra0 vena-kula 417 vaizAlI vijaya 467 vennAtaTapura 308, 308 Ti0 vaizya 125, 125, 137, 225 Ti0, vebara 451 226 Ti0, 227 Ti0, 234 Ti0, veraMjA 234 Ti0,266 veluvagrAma 332, 353 vaizyAyana gautrI 170 vessantara janma 136, 140 Ti0, 167, vaizyAyana bAla tapasvI vehalla 287, 300, 300 Ti0, 303 vaizravaNa kubera rAjA 131,424 vehAyasa 287, 300, 300 Ti0 vyakta 176, 171 vaijayanta prasAda 220 vyantara 131 vaijayantI koSa 134 Ti0 vyayadharmA 343 vaiDUrya 410 vyavahAra bhASya 446 Ti0 vaidika 174, 316, 318, 310,355 vyavahAra sUtra 446 Ti0, 465, 465 Ti0 vaidika saMskRti 15 vyAkaraNa zAstra 128, 187 vaideha 267 vyAkhyAkAra 225 vaidehI 276, 267 vyApAra-nIti 309 vaidehI putra 76, 77, 267, 268, 368 vyAvRtta catya 170 vaidehI vAsavI 286, 267, 268 vyutpatti zAstra 187 vaidya, pI0 ela0 306 Ti0, 316 Ti0 vyutsarga 464 dhanayika 357 vrajagrAma vainayikavAda 7 vrata 240,243 vainayikI 306 vhIlara, DaoN0 105 vaibhAra giri 226,230, vaimAnika deva 131,417, vaiyAvRtti 123,186 vaizAlI 2, 3, 23, 31, 45, 50, zaMkarAcArya - 441 102 Ti0, 185, 197, zaMkha 232 234 Ti0, 246, 268, 276, zaka rAjA 76,82, 82, 82 Ti. ____ 2010_05

Page #730
676 zaka-kAla zaka- rAjya zaka rAjya kI samApti zaka saMvat zakaTa mukha udyAna zakaTa vyUha zakaDAla putra zakti paMjara zakrendra zatapAka tela zatAnIka rAjA zanideva zayanAsana-vyavasthApaka zayyambhava zayyAtara zaravaNa grAma zarkarA prabhA 344 131, 133, 135, 136, 136 Ti0, 150, 200, 206, 241, 302, 305, 332, 334, 334, 336 126 178, 180, 185, 317 318, 316, 325 35 226 334 185 18 307 Ti0 381 Ti0 zAkya-kula zAkya gaNataMtra zAkya janapada zAkya deza Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana zAkya - strI zAkhAnagaraka zAtakarNI zAkya putra zAkya putrIya zramaNa zAkya bhikSu zAkya muni zAkya rAjA zAkyavaMzIya 82 2010_05 68 zalAyatana vagga zalya cikitsaka 370 zAkya 48,70, 71, 146, 212, 224, Ti0, 225 Ti0, 226 Ti0, 227 Ti0, 234 Ti0, 257, 322, 323, 344, 353, 370, 361 208 323 385 374, 360, 361 208 267, 466 32. 113 113 217, 223, 388 386 57 81, 82 348 301 280, 233, 422 [ khaNDa : 1 471 342 68 Ti0 17 336 zAnta sudhArasa bhAvanA 378 Ti0 zArpenTiyara, DaoN0 55 pra0, 66, 304 zAlavana 137, 138, 171, 340, 405 zAla vRkSa 137, 136, 170, 340, 340 zAlibhadra 164 pra0, 230 pra0 zAlIzIrSa gAMva zAsana devI 31, 348 304 zAstA 71, 72, 77, 173, 208, 208, 206, 212, 244, 246, 247, 254, 255, 256, 260,261, 268, 266,332, 338, 341, 342, 358, 361, zAstrajJa zAstrArtha 371, 378, 384, 386, 364, 364, 366, 407, 408, 421, 433, 434, 435, 436, 436, 447, 348, 453 456 440, 447 zAstrI, pro0 nIlakaNTha 86 Ti0, 64 Ti0 zAstrI, manamathanAtha zAha, cimanalAla 41 Ti0, 107 Ti0 jayacandalAla 17 Ti0, 36 Ti0, 66 Ti0 zAha, DaoN0 tribhuvana dAsa laharacanda 87 Ti0, 86 Ti0, 63 Ti0, 63 Ti0, 64 Ti0 66 Ti0 zAha, DaoN0 zAntilAla 65 Ti0, 66, 61, 66 Ti0, 67 Ti0, 66 Ti0, 102 Ti0, 103 Ti0 382, 465, 468 468 187 315 84 Ti0, 266 zAna zAnta vihAra zikSA pada zikSA-vidhAna zikSA zAstra zikSaNDI zilAlekha

Page #731
itihAsa aura paramparA ] zilAvatI (suhya) zilpa-pradarzana, bodhisattva kA 353 143 277 40 317, 325 zivAnandA 236, 237, 238 zizunAga 86 86 Ti0, 87 Ti0, Ti0 62, 63, 64 Ti0, zizunAga aura bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI samakAlInatA 64 Ti0, zilpa zAlAe~ ziva zivA 101 zizunAga kA rAjyAbhiSeka zizunAga vaMza 87 Ti0, 6 Ti0, 62, 63 Ti0, 63, 93 Ti0, 94, 65, 66 Ti0, 101 zItodaka- varjana 401 zIla 214 Ti0, 240, 331, 406, 423 462 287, 263 238, 411, 412, 383, 402 11 Ti0, 450 66 Ti0 zIlavat bhikSu zIlavrata zIla-sampanna zIlAMkAcArya zuMga vaMzIya zukla abhijAta zukla abhijAti - nirvANa zukla abhijAti - kRSNa - dharma zukla abhijAti - zukla - dharma zukla dhyAna 158, 170, zUdra 413, 416 414 418 418 365, 416 zukya lezyA zucI zuddha danta zubhrabhUmi zuzunAga zuSikA 234 zuddhodana rAjA 126, 138, 136, 140, 141, 146, 211, 212, 213, 214, 214, 227 115, 125, 128, 137, 366 2010_05 333, 416, 417 55 fao 287 154 65 Ti0, 102 Ti0 zabdAnukrama zUra ambaSTa zeSavatI zaikSya zailezI avasthA zaiva zaizunAga zobhita zauca zauNDika - karma zauNDikA - kilaMja zorasena 7 65 Ti0 226 228 362 362 410 zyAmAka 436 170 zyAmAka gAthApati zyAmAvatI rAnI zraddhA 214 Ti0, 261, 371, 380, 406, 316 443 227 225 zraddhA se pravrajita 225 zramaNa 45, 45 Ti0, 46 Ti0, 47 Ti0, 46 Ti0, 52 Ti0, 53 Ti0, 55 Ti0, 74 Ti0, 105 Ti0 zramaNa 2, 4, 5, 8, 15, 18, 19, 21, 22, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 31, 32, 36, 72, 75, 75, 76, 114, 116, 150, 153, 156, 160, 162, 177, 188, 166, 206, 207, 207, 208, 214, 232, 237, 251, 254, 270, 278, 281, 282, 286, 286, 260, 261, 302, 311, 334, 363, 366, 366, 370, 378, 380, 381, 361, 363, 365, 365, 366, 401, 403, 403, 405, zraddhA-yukta zraddhAzIla 677 234 134 453, 454 333 55 fao,

Page #732
678 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa : 1 152 263 406, 406, 408, 416, 258 , 256, 270, 283, 420, 434, 438, 441, 320, 323, 324, 324, 442, 448 342, 346, 348, 346, zramaNa-gautama __dekheM, buddha 350, 353, 353, 364, thamaNa-dharma 141, 202, 226 365, 367, 401,407, zramaNa-paramparA 63, 417 423, 424, 438, 447, zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra 346 Ti0 zramaNa pariSkAra 150 zrAvikA 180, 117, 233, 242, 251, zramaNopAsaka 27, 28,134, 232, 237, 302, 331, 336, 366 238, 238, 236 zrI 128 zramaNopAsikA 185, 186, 318 zrIdevI zramaNa saMskRti zrI bharatezvara bAhubali vRtti 284 Ti0, zrAmaNera 201 Ti0, 214, 470, 470 300, 303 Ti0, 308 Ti0, zrAmaNya 116,228, 336 306 Ti0, 314 Ti0, zrAmaNya-paryAya 422 317 Ti0 zrAmaNya-phala 61, 107, 108, 262, 376 zrImadbhAgavata purANa 286 368 pra0,400 zrImatI zrAvaka 28, 33, 33 Ti0, 37, 180, zruta 406, 421 197, 212, 232, 233, zrutajJAna 128, 172 Ti0, 161 238, 240, 241, 280, zrutaJjaya 88 Ti. 317, 325, 331, 336, zrutavRddha caturdaza pUrvadhara 450 356, 357, 361, 362, zrutazrava 88 Ti0, 364, 365, 365, 366, zRGgArika paridhAna 410 346, 377, 377, 381, zRgAla mAtA 227 385, 406, 407, 410, zreNika (bimbisAra) 8, 18, 53, 61, 62, 411, 412, 415, 420, 87 Ti0,88 Ti0, 86 Ti0, 421, 424, 438, 465 65, 64 Ti0, 65 Ti0, zrAvaka-dharma 242, 281 105, 135, 180,180, zrAvaka-saMgha 406 164, 165, 196, 220, zrAvaka-samudAya 415 227 Ti0, 228, 228, zrAvastI 17,18, 21, 23, 24, 26, 32, 230, 230, 235, 242, 74, 86 Ti0 113 Ti0, 243, 246, 247, 247, 114, 174, 175, 187, 265, 271 pra0, 260 Ti0, 188,225 Ti0, 225Ti0, 262, 263, 264, 264, 226 Ti0, 227 Ti0, 266, 267, 268, 298, 233, 233 Ti0, 244, 300, 300 Ti0, 301, 245, 246, 246, 248, 306, 308, 306, 308 248, 251, 256, 257, Ti0, 306, 310, 313, ____ 2010_05

Page #733
itihAsa aura paramparA ] 313, 315, 316, 316, 316 Ti0, 317, 325, 326, 367, 375, 375, 383, 368, 443 zreNika aura buddha ko samamAmayikatA 107 264 zreNika kA putra prema zreNika kA rAjyArohaNa zreNika kI mRtyu zreSThikula zrota-labdhi zrotriya ghasiyArA zleSmauSadha labdhi zveta parvata zvetavastradhArI zvetavastradhArI gRhastha zvetavastradhArI nigaSTha zvetavastradhArI ziSya 65, Ti0, 101 107, 266, 306 227 Ti0, 234 Ti0, 235 SaTkAya SaTkhaNDa - vijaya SaDaMga veda SaD Avazyaka SaSTi taMtra H 415 zvetAmbara 73 Ti0, 80 zvetAmbara paramparA 31, 73, 125, 285 zvetAmbikA nagarI 160 zvetAmbI 348 saMk saMkAzya nagara saMkicca jAtaka saMkramaNa saMkhasutta saMgamadeva zabdAnukrama saMgIta saMgIti saMgIti paryAva sutta saMgha 325, 343, 2010_05 sa 221 171 221 422 360, 361, 362 412, 415 447, 447 416 306 125, 201 Ti0 123 128 410 455 80 Ti0, 362, 415 356, 358, 418, 454, 458, 462, 466 268 464 104 267 saMgha- bhedaka- khaMdhaka 60 Ti0, 217 Ti0, saMgha karma saMgha - bahiSkRta saMghabhadra bhikSu saMgha-bheda 216 Ti0, 220 Ti0, 262, 266 Ti0, 262 Ti0 saMghamitrA 442 saMgha rAjya 325 saMgha vyavasthA 463 saMgha sabhA 324 234 saMgha sevaka saMghAta 307 saMghAdisesa 461, 462, 462 Ti0, 464 saMghIya niyama baddhatA 225 175 Ti0, saMjaya parivrAjaka 15, 175 207, 208, 206 15 pra0, 60, 75, 76, 76, 381, 363, 364. 366, 400, 402, 403, 405, 406, 407, 418, 421, 422, 432, 441 307 Ti0 saMjatavelaTThaputra 4, 5, 7, saMjIva saMjJA vivarta catura saMjJA vedayita-nirodha samApati saMjJI garbha 35.3 saMtuSit 352 saMthArA 307 Ti0 saMnyAsI 374 saprajanta 378 162 pra0, 168 676 saMbhuktara saMbhUti vijaya 225 343 22, 33 136 134 201 Ti0, 314 Ti0, 322 268 36 334

Page #734
680 saMyama saMyama paryAya 170, 286 447 464 saMyuktastu 456 saMyukta nikAya 34 Ti0, 37 Ti0, 60 Ti0, 75 Ti0, 220 Ti0, 221Ta0, 235 Ti0, 267, 267 Ti0, 307 Ti0, 312, 316, 320, 321Ta0, 355 Ti0, 378, 380, 381, 381 Ti0, 382, 402, 413, 413, 413 Ti0, 422, 423 saMyuttanikAya aTThakathA 14 Ti0, 33 Ti0, 286 Ti0, 267 Ti0, 365, 422 Ti0 221 Ti0 saMyukta prAsAda kampanavagga saMyukta nikAya saMlekhanA saMvara saMvega saMvejanIya saMsAra zuddhivAda saMskAra saMskRta saMskRta - prAkRta grantha Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana satyazrI saddharma puNDarIka sanadhovana santike nidAna sandaka parivrAjaka sandaka sutta sannipAta ( goSThI) sapta ahorAtra pratimA saptaparNI guphA sakula udAyI sakulA sakRdAgAmI - phala saGagAmAvacara jAtaka 316, 446, 451 283 sastAraka 238 saMsthAgAra 343, 344, 356, 356, 361 386 pra0, 406 227 256, 405 226 sacelaka 81, 15.1, 160, 161, 436 saccaka nigaNTha 418 putra saJjayin veraTTiputra 442 satthuka 446, 446 satya 170, 128, 378, 376, 466 satyaketu, DaoN0 satyajit 2010_05 22 184 Ti0 8, 360, 356, 400 338 40 86 Ti0 sapta mAsikI bhikSu pratimA sapta mAsikA pratimA sabhiya ( parivrAjaka ) samaya sutta samanta prAsAdika samavasaraNa 200, 230, 233, 237, 242 270, 276, 280, 280, 317, 330, 332 samavAyAMga sUtra 127 Ti0, 216 Ti0, 341 233 Ti0 332, 443 Ti0 456 Ti0 33, 36 343, 453 samasAmayika dharma-nAyaka 65 Ti0, 313 Ti0 samAdhi samAdhi pAda samAdhi maraNa samAdhi sampanna [khaNDa : 1 331 26e 420, 420 173, 413, 421 303, 454 F 227 264 227 228 75, 75, 402 pra0 60 Ti0, 76 Ti0, 404 226 32, 120, 174, 178 182, 183, 184, 187, 118, 362 126 samucchinna kriyA'nivRtti samudAna bhikSA sambuddhatva sambodhi sambodhi-lAbha sambodhi sAdhanA samyaka jJAna 367 Ti0, 400 Ti0, 401, 422, Ti0, 153, 156, 168, 256, You 378 168 Ti0 383 333 Ti0 212 Ti0, 171 75, 75, 143, 151, 168 431 154 28

Page #735
itihAsa aura paramparA] zabdAnukrama 681 samyaktva 181 sahasrAra kalpa 26, 36 samyaktvI 181, 232, 236, 240, sAMskRtyAyana, paM0 rAhula 48, 55 Ti0, 243 60 Ti0, 105, 328 Ti0, samyak darzana 121 346, 347, samyaka sambuddha 77, 201 Ti0, 202, 243, 353 Ti0,470 356, 366, 377, 382, sAMkhya 3,7,120 383, 404, 408, 418, sAMdRSTika 382, 383, 386, 387, 400 420 sAketa 248, 250, 342, 350, 365 samyak sambuddha-pravedita 362 sAgara nagara / 440 samyak sambodhi 171, 340 sAgala 227Ti0 samyagdRSTi 27, 242, 282, 443, 444 sAgaropama 27, 27, 128, 314 sarayU 2 sAgAra-dharma 158 sarasvatI gaccha kI paTTAvalI sAta aparihAnIya niyama 303,304 sarAka, kAzInAtha 62 Ti0 sAta dharmanAyaka 58, 106, 354, 407 sarvajJa 21, 136, 173, 177, 188, sAta zikSAvrata 237 168, 228, 277, 370, sAtavalikA gaNikA 234 Ti0 375, 382, 384, 386, sAdhanA 151, 170, 172, 182, 200, 386, 364, 367, 420 202, 230, 231 sarbajJatA 172,173, 177, 303, sAdhanAvasthA 352 374, 376, 360,367. sArmika rAjA 324 421 sAdhu samAja 463 sarvatobhadra pratimA 227 sAdhu-saMgha 462 sarvadarzI 172, 188, 277, 370, 375, sAnulaTThiya 162, 346 382, 384, 386, sAma 306 367, 420, 424 sAmagAma 70, 71, 73, 353, 353 Ti0 sarvAnubhUti anagAra 23, 24, 26 360, sarvArthasiddha 280, 334 sAmagAma sutta 56, 57, 56, 65 Ti0, sarvAstivAda-paramparA 103, 326 71 Ti0, 360, 415 savIMSadha labdhi 221 sAmagAma sutta vaNNanA 392 salalavatI nadI 137 sAmaJaphala sutta 4, 6, 7, 11, 35, sallekha 267 60 Ti0, 77 Ti0, 107, 175, savastra nirgrantha 414 288,261 Ti0 292 Ti., sahadeva 87 Ti0 401, 413, sahampati brahmA 126, 343 416 Ti0 sahalI devaputra 421 sAmaveda 128 sahasrapAka tela 126 sAmAnika deva 170 sahasrabAhu 166 sAmpradAyika manobhAva sahasrAnIka 185, 318 sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatA 9 mr 354 2010_05

Page #736
682 412 sAmAyika-vrata sAmAvatI 234 sAranAtha 106 Ti0, 113 Ti0, 201, 341 sAriputra, AyuSmAn 2, 15, 55, 55 Ti0, 64, 72, 73, 74, 113 Ti0, 114, 174, 175, 175 Ti0, 207 pra0, 213, 214, 216 pra0, 222, 224, 225 Ti0, 226 Ti0, 226, 246, 263, 264, 268 pra0, 323, 362, 416, 447 sAriputra kI mRtyu sAriputra ke mAmA sAlavatI sAlihIpitA sAlha licchavI sAlha sutta sAhasrika lokadhAtu sAhilIpiA putra siMha senApati siMhanAda siMhabhadra siMhalI- kathA siMhalI gAthAeM siMha zayyA siMhA bhikkhuNI siddha Agama aura tripiTaka eka anuzIlana siddhArtha grAma siddhArtha putra siddhArthapura siddhArtha rAjA 151 324 siMha, kAlAya sanniveza ke adhipati kA 30 siddha-gati siddha-zilA 55, 64, 220, 355 445 235 2010_05 siddhArtha kumAra 143, 156, 233 383 383, 383 Ti0 sindhu nadI sindhusauvIra deza silona 85, 85 sImAnta sIvalI bhikSu 167, 315, 317 Ti0, 60 Ti0, 61, 92 Ti0 85, 62 103 silonI-kAla-gaNanA silonI gAthA silonI grantha 83, 60 Ti0, 61 silonI paramparA 57 Ti0, 66, 83, 61 silonI bhikSu sIta vana sIvalI-mAtA sIha bhikSu sIha, rAjakumAra sIhaseNa suMsamAragiri suMsamArapura subha garigeya 326, 326, 354, 356 pra0, 434, 435, 136, 225 326 61 112, 148 362 356 sukhalAlajI, paM0 sukaNhakumAra sukaramaddava 126, 132, 134, 165, sukAlakumAra sukAlI sukSatra 188, 186, 333 sukha vipAka [ khaNDa : 1 16, 20 225 Ti0 348, 346 130, 131, 134, 163, 167, 168, 170, 144, 146, 147, sugati prApta 166, 201 Ti0, sucala 212 succhetA 325 331, 331 Ti0 287 326, 338, 338 Ti0 287 286, 287 88 Ti0 3, 54 pra0 332 314 sugata 245, 347, 366, 360, 366, 335 408 85 243, 244 226 Ti0 225 234 Ti0 261 287 287 234 Ti0, 352, 346 107 Ti0 377 86 Ti0 164, 346

Page #737
165 164 itihAsa aura paramparA] zabdAnukrama 683 sujAtA 151, 152, 156, 157, 168, sumaMgala vilAsinI 35 Ti0, 303 Ti0. 234 __306 Ti0, 328, 413 Ti0, sujyeSThA 325 415 Ti0 sattanipAta 60 Ti0, 76 Ti0, 272 Ti0, sumaka 331 307 Ti0, 404, sumana zreSThI 233 Ti0, 243 424, 445 Ti0 sumanAdevI 246, 247 suttanipAta aTThakathA 226 Ti0, 404 Ti0, sumAgadha rASTrIya 424 sumitra 86 Ti0 suttapiTaka 175, 222, 384, 388, 456 mumedha tApasa 116, 121 pra0 sudatta 141, 201 Ti0 sumhabhUmi 348 sudarzana 410 suyAma 136, 136, 141, 201 Ti0 sudarzana mahAvihAra 121, 122 suyogya sudarzana mANavaka 321 surabhipura 348 sudarzanA 134, 184, 231, 233 surA sudinna kalanda-putta 454 surAdeva 233 sudhamma bhikSu 235 sulasakumAra 313 sudharmA (svAmI) 41 Ti0, 53, 73, 176, sulasA 233, 235, 236 pra0 178, 261: 312, suvaktA 225 334, 416, 446 suvarNakhala 26, 348 66 Ti0 suvarNagiri sunakSatra anagAra 24, 27 suvarNa parvata 137, 141 16 suvarNapAlI 441 sunIdha 305 suvarNavAlukA nadI 348 sunetra 88 Ti0, 86 Ti0 suvrata 88 Ti. sundara bodhinI TIkA 307 Ti0 suSama ArA 127 226 Ti0 suSama-duHSama ArA 127 sundarI nanda 226 Ti0 suSama-suSama ArA 127 134, 135 susima sutta 220 Ti0 suprabuddha zAkya 227 Ti0 susunAga 51 Ti0 supriyA 234 sUkSma kAya-yoga 333 supriyA dAsI 255 sUkSmakriyA'pratipAtI 333 subAhu 204 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 7, 6 Ti0, 11, 38, subhadra kanyA 456 38 Ti0, 42, 55 Ti0, subhadra parivrAjaka 64, 64 Ti0, 326, 342, 78 Ti0, 163 Ti0, 356, 404 pra0,453 356 Ti0, 367 194, 167, 260, 306 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra niyukti 356 Ti0 subhoga 346 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra vRtti 356 Ti0 sumaMgala 346 sUtrAgama 450,458 sunaka sunanda sundarI supAva subhadrA 2010_05

Page #738
Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana 13, 410 116 465, 468, 468 Ti0 secanaka (gandha hastI ) 25, 300, 300 Ti0 302 287 684 sUrya sekreDa baksa oNpha dI IsTa sekhiya sekakumAra seNA setakaNika (su) senajit senaprazna senA- kathA senAni kuTumbika senAnI - grAma senApati senApati deva seniya gotra seyaviyA sevAla saugandhika soNakA DivIsa soNakuTikaNa soNadanta brAhmaNa soNadanta sutta soNA sonA 310 137, 353 88 Ti0 sTIna, DaoN0 oTo stUpa 262 Ti 2010_05 406 234 Ti0 234 Ti0 326 170 285 346 174, 16 307 Ti0 sottara brAhmaNa somAdhi somila brAhmaNa solaha deza saudharma devaloka 36, 131, 238, 236, 236 234 Ti0 styAna- mRddha - rahita sthavira 123, 186, 230, 132 saudharmendra saubhAgyapaMcamyAdi parva kathA saMgraha 76 Ti0, 330, 334 Ti0, 336 Ti0 skandhaka parivrAjaka 187, 231 Ti0 314 Ti0, 367 326 344, 345 sthavira (bauddha) bhikSa sthavirakalpI muni sthAnAMga samavAyAMga sthAnAMga sUtra 225 snAna sparza sthAnAMga sUtra vRtti sthAvara sthAlIpAka sthitAtmA sthUlabhadra 334 467 416 84 Ti0, 275 86 275 smitha, DaoN0 vI0 e0 84, Ti0, 1, 65 Ti0, 66 Ti0, 101 Ti0, 102 Ti0, 103 Ti0, 227 31 441 104 Ti0, 105, 113 Ti0, 87, 88 Ti0 116 Ti0, 261 362 206, 210, 211, 252, 436, 444, 450, 453, 454, 466 366 415 282 Ti0 34 Ti0, 158 Ti0, 161 Ti0, 216, 216 Ti0, 243 Ti0, 276 Ti0, 283 Ti0, 367 Ti0, 374 Ti0, 464 Ti0 284, 261 Ti0, 307 Ti0 176 smRti 25 [ khaNDa : 1 smRtimAn smRti - saMprajanya syAdvAda syAlakoTa svacakramaya 268 226, 366, 387, 388 72, 338, 3e2, 453 16 440 Ti0 443 svapna 34, 126, 128, 126, 130, 135, 137, 138, 149, 157 pra0, 273, 461 65 Ti0, 268, 317 264 svapnavAsavadattA svapna, siMha kA 8, 10 416 400

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] svarga svarNa- gulikA dAsI sva- siddhAMta svAgata svAti nakSatra 226 333 svAdhyAya 170, 182, 168 Ti0, 416 srotApatti-phala 247, 250, 256, 265, 367, 368 srotApanna 251, 365, 405 haTa (zAka) hatthisIsa harigamepI deva haridrA abhijAta harivaMza harivaMza purANa hariSeNa, AcArya harnale, DaoN0 haliyaM halla hallA hastaka Alavaka hastakarma * hastinApura zabdAnukrama ha hastin mahArAja hastipAla rAjA hastiratna hastirAja AjAnIya hasti zIrSa 176, 345, 410 317 228 2010_05 436 134 Ti0 285 36 Ti0, 40 Ti0, 58, 346 125, 128, 126 37, 417, 417 Ti0 128 1 Ti0, 82 Ti0, 287, 300, 300 Ti0, 302 25 234 458 86 Ti0, 160, 350 hastigrAma hastI tApasa hastottara nakSatra 326, 414 hulTsa 348 82 326, 332, 334 260, hAraka hAthIgumphA zilAlekha hArita 176 hAlAhala kumhArina 17, 21, 23, 24, 25 hiMsA 416, 466 hindI hindu sabhyatA hemacandra AcArya 6 Ti0, 151 Ti0, 274 Ti0, 261 Ti0, 268 Ti0, 303 Ti0, 306 Ti0, 323 Ti0, 325 Ti0 hindustAna 2 Ti0 himavanta pradeza 137 himAlaya 121, 141, 158, 422, 425, 426, 442 hiraNyavatI nadI 340 hInayAna sampradAya 61, 62 Ti0, 316, 445 60 Ti0 685 234 Ti0 11 pra0 140 164 hrI 266 67, 67 Ti0 36 3 Ti0, 14 Ti0, 57, 57 Ti0, 86 Ti0, 266, hemajita hemilTana hera, DA~0 384, 414, 415 haisTiNNAkA insAiklopiDayA oNpha rilIjana eNDa ethiksa hopakinsa, I0 DablyU 0 - ena-tsAMga 46, 50, 67, 68, 334 Ti0, 346, 451 286 41 Ti0 58 105 Ti0 100 Ti0, 103 128

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686 Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana [khaNDa : 1 Advanced History of India 50 Ti0, Chandragupta Maurya and his 57 Ti0, 66, 76 Ti0, Times 78 Ti0, 76 Ti0, 85 Ti0, ___80 Ti0, 81 Ti0 108 Ti. Age of Imperial Unity : History Chronological Problems 65, and Culture of the Indian People 65 Ti0, 61 Ti0, 62 Ti0, 111 Ti0 66 Ti0,68 Ti0,101 Ti0, Age of the Nandas and Mauryas 103 Tri 86 Ti0,64 Ti0 Chronology of Ancient India Ajivikas 38 Ti0, 40 Ti0 66 Ti0 Ajivika Sect--A New Inter- Colebrooke's Essays 8 fao pretation 36 Ti0 Corporate life in Ancient India Apte's Sanskrit-English Dicti 285 Ti0 onary 266 Ti. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Archaeological Survey of Western 104 Ti0 India 98 Ti0 Der Buddhismus 105 Ti0 Asoka 113 Ti0 Dialogues of Buddha 33 Ti0, B. C. law Commemoration 61 Ti0, 281 Ti0, 268 Ti0, Volume 104 Ti0 266 Ti0,326 Ti0 Book of the Gradual Sayings Dictionary of Pali Proper Names 15 Ti0, 32 Ti0, 356 Ti0, 14 Ti0, 33 Ti0, 34 Ti0, 383 Ti0, 384, 226 Ti0, 235 Ti0, 255 Ti0, 388 Ti0, 414 Ti0, 415 Ti0, 276 Ti0,283 Ti0 Book of the kindred Sayings 285 Ti0, 286 Ti0, 14 Ti0, 413 Ti0, 414 Ti0 307 Ti0, 323 Ti0, Buddha : His life, His teaching, 355 Ti0, 381 Ti0, 440 His order 41 Ti0, 107 Ti0 Early Buddhist Monachism Buddhism 104 Ti0, 107 Ti0, 455 Ti. 346 Ti. Early History of India 84 Ti0 Buddhism in Translation 105 Ti0 85 Ti0, 86 Ti0, 91 Ti0, Buddhist India 85 Ti0, 261 Ti0, 104 Ti0, 264 Ti0, 268 Ti0, 105 Ti0 383fco Encyclopaedia of Buddhism Buddhist Legends 320 Ti0, 263 Ti0, 268 Ti0, 306Ti0, 440 414 Ti. Encyclopaedia of Religion and Cambridge History of India Ethics 36 Ti0, 40 Ti0, 414 Ti0 88 Ti0,66 Ti0, 67 Ti0, Epitome of Jainism 50 Ti0 68 Ti0, 66 Ti0, 101 Ti0, Gra metic Der Prakrit Sprachen 117 Ti0 284 Ti0 2010_05

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itihAsa aura paramparA ] Hindu Civilization Hindus 41 Ti0 History and Doctrines of Ajivikas 36 Ti0, 413 Ti0 History of Buddhism 100 Ti0 History of Buddhist Thought 456 Ti0 History of Indian Literature 326 Ti0 104 Ti0 Indian Ephemenis Indian Antiquary 82 Ti0, 104 Ti0, 105 Ti0, 115 Ti0, 451 Ti0, Indian Historical Quarterly zabdAnukrama 455 Ti0 6 Ti0 34 Ti0 Indiche palaeographie Indological Studies Inscriptions of Ashoka Jainism in North India Iatak Jinist Studies Journal of Bihar and Orissa Research Society 56 Ti0, 66 Ti0, 67 Ti0, 66 Ti0, 101 Ti0, 126 Ti0 Journal of the Pali Text Society 455 Ti0 Journal of Royal Asiatic Society 66 Ti0, 104 Ti0, 115 Ti0 Life of Buddha ( By Rockhill) 281 Ti0, 267 Ti0, 268 Ti0, 326 Ti0, 326 Ti0, 326 Ti0 2010_05 66 Ti0 267 Ti0 326 Ti0 Life of Buddha (By Thomes) 36 Ti0, 64 Ti0, 156 Ti0, 118 Ti0 260 Ti0 Life of Gaudamaf 117 Ti0 Mnhavastu Mahavira Commemoration Volume 118 Ti0 Oxford History of India 65 Ti0, 102 Ti0, 283 Ti0, 261 Ti0 Pre-Buddhistic Indian Philosophy 14 Ti0 38 Ti0 Political History of Ancient India 45 Ti0, 52 Ti0, 76 Ti0, 1 Ti0, 64 Ti0, 65 Ti0, 105 Ti0, 116 Ti0, 286 Ti0 Purana Text of the Dynasties of the Kali Age 84 Ti0, 86 Ti0, Sakya 66 Ti0 3 Ti0 41 Sacred Book of the East S. B. E. Vol. X 45 Ti0, 104 Ti0, 116 Ti0, 404 Ti0 S. B. E. Vol. XI 61 Ti0 S. B. E. Vol. XXII 41 Ti0, 43 Ti0, 44 Ti0, 45 Ti0, S. B. E. Vol. XXXII 45 Ti0 S. B. E. Vol. XLV 38 Ti0, 42, 42 Ti0, 44 Ti0, 355 Ti0, 367 Ti0, 417 Ti0, 416 Ti0 276 Ti0, 267 Ti0 Studies in the Origins of Buddhism 456 Ti0, 457 Ti0 Manjushrimulkalpa S. B. E. Vol. XLIX 687 Studies on 100 Ti0 104 Ti0 Synchronismes Chinois Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft. 455 Ti0

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lekhaka kI kRtiyAM hindI 28-satya maMjila : samIkSA rAha 26-mana ke dvanda : zabdoM kI kArA 1-Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana 30- yathArtha ke paripArzva meM 2--ahiMsA viveka 3-naitika vijJAna saMskRta 4-ahiMsA paryavekSaNa 5-aNuvrata jIvana darzana 31-bhikSu caritram 6-jaina darzana aura Adhunika vijJAna 32-mAtherAna suSamA 7-ahiMsA ke aMcala meM 33---bhakteruktayaH 8--AcArya bhikSu aura mahAtmA gAMdhI 34-Azu kAvyAni 8-aNu se pUrNa kI ora 35-nIti nIlotpalAni 10-aNuvrata vicAra 36-lalitAMga caritram 11-AcArya zrI tulasI : eka adhyayana 12-navIna samAja-vyavasthA meM dAna aura aMgrejI dayA 13-preraNA dIpa 1. Theory of Relativity and 14-sarvadharma sadbhAva Syadyad 15-terApaMtha digdarzana 2. Jain philosophy Modern 16-aNuvrata digdarzana Scier.ce 17-aNuvrata krAnti ke bar3hate caraNa 3. Glimpscs of Anuvrat 18 -aNuvrata-Andolana aura vidyArthI varga 4. Glimpses of Terapanth 16-aNuvrata dRSTi 5. Strides of Anuvrat Movement 20---aNuvrata Andolana 6. The Anuvrat Ideology 21-yuga pravartaka bhagavAn mahAvIra 7. Light of Inspiration 22-yugadharma terApaMtha 8. Pity and Charity in the New 23-bAla-dIkSA: eka vivecana Pattern of Society 24-maryAdA mahotsava : itihAsa aura 9. A Pen-Sketch of Acharya paricaya Shri Tulsi 25---mahAvIra aura buddha kI samasAmayikatA 10. Contemporariety and Chron26- maMjila kI ora ology of Mahavira and Buddha 27 terApaMtha zAsana praNAlI 2010_05

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rASTrasanta munizrI nagarAja jI DI0 liT0 janma : saradAra zahara (rAjasthAna) 24 sitambara 1917 pravajyA : terApaMtha ke aSTAmAcArya pUjya kAlU gaNI ke kara kamaloM se san 1934 / upAdhiyAM : aNuvrata parAmarzaka 1962 / oNnarerI DI0 liTa0 kAnapura vizva vidyAlaya, 1665 rASTrasaMta, sitambara 1981 (kalakattA) sadbhAvanAratna, 1984 (rASTrapati jI dvArA) brahmASi 198E (sanAtana sabhAyoM dvArA dillI) yoga ziromaNi, 1986 (antarASTrIya yoga sammelana, dillI) sAhitya manIzI, 1987 (antarASTrIya jyotiSa sammelana) abhiniSkramaNa : saradAra zahara (rAja.), 6 navambara 1976 sAhitya-sAdhanA : Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana, khaNDa-1, 2 va 3, ahiMsA viveka, jaina darzana aura Adhunika vijJAna, nayA yuga : nayA darzana Adi paccAsa ke lagabhaga choTe-bar3e graMtha, sphuTa lekha va vicAra, jo deza kI pramukha patra-patrikAoM meM prakAzita hote rahe haiN| loka-hitAya : sudra prAntoM meM pralamba va saphala pada yaatraaeN| majadUroM aura kisAnoM meM vidyArthI aura vyApAriyoM meM, sarva sAdhAraNa aura rAja karmacAriyoM meM, snAtakoM va prAdhyApakoM meM, adhivaktAoM evaM nyAyAdhIzoM meM, sAhityakAroM va patrakAroM meM, vidhAyakoM va saMsada sadasyoM meM naitika va cAritrika udbodhana / dillI ApakA pramukha kArya kSetra rahI hai| zIrSastha logoM se ApakA ullekhanIya sAmIpya TET ! 2010.05 onal use only

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Muni Shri Nagarajaji has presented a well-reasoned analysis of the problem of the contemporaneity of Mahavira and Buddha. He has critically examined the existing theories propounded by foreign and Indian scholars, and on the basis of the evidence contained in canonical literature of the Jainas and the Buddhists, has come to the conclusion that Mahavira was the senior of the two, who was born earlier, took to his mission earlier and attained the Nirvana earlier than Buddha. His dissertation is full of critical examination and interpretation of established literary evidence... The book fills a gap and will fulfill a great purpose. The learned Muni has brought to bear his erudition, critical judgement and dispassionate objectivity on the exposition of a difficult problem. It is all the more creditable that he has not allowed his religious bias to affect his conclusions and has relied on logic and concrete evidence in substantiating his point. The book is a distinct contribution to knowledge. Dr. Bisheshwar Prasad Head of the Department of History Delhi University. It is well-known that there is plenty of disparate evidence and conflicting traditional information as well as a plethora of controversy amongst scholars about the dates of the Nirvana of Buddha and Mahavira. Shri Nagarajaji has surveyed, in this respect, all the accessible material and different traditions, specifying duly the sources etc., and his conclusion that Mahavira attained Nirvana in 527 B.C. and Buddha in 502 B.C. seems to be quite consistent in itself....In fine, this work has become a veritable repository of useful information on Mahavira and Buddha, their times and doctrines. Dr. A.N. Upadhye, M.A., D. Litt. Dean of the Faculty of Arts Kolhapur University. The work is full of deep scholarship, penetrating criticism and originalities. It essays tackling problems which have not received due attention so far. and in my opinion, constitutes a most welcome contribution to the world of scholarship. _Prof. Dr. G.C. Pande, M.A., D. Phil. Head of the Deptt. of History and Indian Culture Rajasthan University. CONCEPT PUBLISHING COMPANY, NEW DELHI-110015 d onnemata 2010-05 www.laineliborg