Mulachar ka Samikshatmak Adhyayana

Author(s): Fulchandra Jain Shastri
Publisher: Parshwanath Shodhpith Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002088/1

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pAzrvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA 40 sampAdaka: pro sAgaramala mUlAcAra 2730 samIkSAtmaka adhyayana -DA0 phUlacanda jaina premI saccaM logammi sAramaya pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna,vArANasI-5 Jan outdationteratsald For alege cudahellar

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pAzvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA 40 mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana DaoN0 phUlacanda jaina premI ema0 e0, jaina darzanAcArya, prAkRtAcArya, pI-eca0DI0 adhyakSa, jaina darzana vibhAga sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANaso PYRENECRUI INSTITUTE pradhAna sampAdaka DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina VARANASIS pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI - 5

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prakAzaka pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna AI0 TI0 AI0 roDa, vArANasI-5 phona : 66762 saMskaraNa : prathama 1987 mUlya Mulacara K By Dr. Phool Chand Jain Premi Price Rs. 80.00 First Edition 1987 Ksatmaka Adhyayana mudraka : varddhamAna mudraNAlaya javAharanagara kAlonI, vArANasI

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prakAzakIya mUlAcAra digambara paramparA meM muni AcAra kA pradhAna grantha mAnA jAtA hai| DA0 phUlacanda jaina premI ne isakA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kara zodha prabandha likhA thaa| unakI yaha kRti pAThakoM ko samarpita karate hue Aja hameM atIva prasannatA kA anubhava ho rahA hai / DA0 phUlacanda jaina premI saMsthAna ke zodhachAtra rahe haiM / unhoMne saMsthAna meM rahakara isa zodha prabandha ko taiyAra kiyA thA aura jisa para unheM 1977 meM kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya dvArA pI-eca0 DI0 kI upAdhi pradAna kI gaI thii| unakA aprakAzita rUpa meM hI yaha zodha prabandha digambara jaina samAja ke dvArA puraskRta bhI huaa| punaH saMsthAna ke nidezaka DA0 sAgaramala jaina kI preraNA se unhoMne apane isa zodha prabandha ko punaH cAra varSa taka kaThina parizrama karake paryApta rUpa se parivartita, parivardhita va pariSkRta kiyA hai| usase yaha grantha eka naye rUpa meM hamAre sAmane A rahA hai| aneka prasaMgoM meM uhoMne zvetAmbara va anya bhAratIya dharma-paramparAoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhI isameM jor3a diyA hai jisake kAraNa tulanAtmaka aura samanvayAtmaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se bhI yaha grantha atyadhika mahatvapUrNa bana gayA hai / lekhana ke sAtha hI sAtha unhoMne grantha ke prUpha saMzodhana kA dAyitva bhI svayaM hI nirvAha kiyA hai| unakA saMsthAna ke prati yaha sahyoga nizcita hI sarAhanIya hai| hama unake prati AbhAra prakaTa karate haiN| saMsthAna dvArA isa grantha kA prakAzana unake asAmpradAyika dRSTikoNa kA bhI paricAyaka hai tathA isase yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki saMsthAna kA uddezya sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatA se Upara uThakara zuddha akAdamIya dRSTi evaM bauddhika ImAnadArI se kArya karane kA hai / saMsthAna ke nidezaka DA0 sAgaramala jaina ne isa grantha meM vidvattApUrNa bhUmikA likhI ataH usake lie hama unake bhI AbhArI haiN| __ isa grantha ke prakAzana ke lie hameM AdaraNIya zrI saradAramalajI kAMkariyA, kalakattA ke dvArA unake agraja zrIpArasamalajI kAMkariyA kI puNyasmRti meM sAta hajAra rupaye kA anudAna prApta huA hai, saMsthA unake isa sahayoga ke lie unake prati atyanta AbhArI hai aura yaha apekSA karatI hai ki kAMkariyA parivAra kA saMsthAna ke prati isI prakAra kA sneha banA rhegaa| ___ anta meM grantha ke mudraNa hetu hama varddhamAna mudraNAlaya aura usake vyavasthApaka zrI rAjakumAra jaina ke prati AbhAra vyakta karate haiM jinhoMne parizrama uThAkara samaya para isa grantha ke mudraNa kA kArya sampanna kiyaa| bhUpendranAtha jaina mantrI, sohanalAla jaina vidyA prasAraka samiti, amRtasara

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zrI pArasamalajo kAMkariyA

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zrAvakaratna svargIya zrI pArasamala jI kAMkariyA svargIya zrI pArasamala jI kAMkariyA kA janma rAjasthAna ke nAgaura jile meM gogolAva nAmaka sthAna meM 14-10-1915 ko huaa| Apa suprasiddha paTasana (jaTa) udyamI svargIya kizanalAlajI kAMkariyA ke jyeSTha putra the evaM 15 varSa kI alpAyu meM hI kalakattA Akara vyAvasAyika kSetra meM agraNI ho gye| kalakattA ke jUTa vyavasAya kI ekamAtra pratinidhi saMsthA jUTa belarsa esosiyezana ke kaI padoM ko suzobhita karate hae Apa adhyakSa bhI bne| Apake dvArA anumodita kaI vyApArika saMgaThana Aja bhI sucAru rUpa se saMcAlita haiN| __Apa mRdubhASI evaM atyanta sarala prakRti tathA vyavahAra kuzala the; ApakI pratyeka kriyA viveka evaM jAgRti se paripUrNa hotI thii| ApakI bahumukhI pratibhA kI amiTa chApa samAja ke hara vyakti para hai / dharma aura sAdhu-santoM ke prati ApakI aTUTa zraddhA thii| eka suzrAvaka hone ke nAte AcArya zrI 1008 zrI nAnAlAlajI mahArAja sAhaba ke darzana evaM sevAbhakti kA koI bhI avasara nahIM khote the / vAstava meM dAnavIratA, zAlInatA evaM sAdagIpUrNa jIvana kA eka aisA udAharaNa Aja kI isa duniyA meM durlabha hai / Apa zrI zve0 sthAnakavAsI jaina sabhA ke kaI padoM para rahate hue adhyakSa bhI bane evaM isake TrasTI maNDala ke anta taka sadasya rhe| Apa akhila bhAratavarSIya sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha ke saMsthApaka evaM stambha sadasyoM meM the tathA 3 varSa taka adhyakSa rahakara saMgha kI pragati ko gati pradAna kara jaina samAja meM jAgati lAye / Apa isake vizvasta maNDala ke sadasya bhI the| Apa aneka sAmAjika saMsthAoM se saMlagna the| sAmAjika evaM dhArmika pravRttiyoM meM ApakA sarvadA tana-mana-dhana se pUrNa sahayoga rhaa| apane svargIya pitAzrI ke nAma se nAgaura meM seTha kizanalAla kAMkariyA uccatara mAdhyamika vidyAlaya kI sthApanA karavAI tathA kalakattA ke upanagara virATI meM apane mAtuzrI ke nAma se mAtR-maMgala ( meTaraniTI) hAspITala bnvaayaa| kAMkariyA cerITebala TrasTa dvArA saMcAlita gogolAva meM eka auSadhAlaya saphalatApUrvaka

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cala rahA hai / apane janmabhUmi ke vikAsa meM ApakA amUlya sahayoga rahA hai| dinAMka 20-10.87 ke madhyarAtri ko jaba saMsAravAsI dhanaterasa kA pajana kara ghora nidrA meM so rahe the, Apane santhArA pacchakhANa kara samasta mAnava mAtra se kSamAyAcanA kara isa nazvara kAyA ko tyAgakara hamezA-hamezA ke liye vidAI mAMga lii| unake parijanoM ne unakI smRtyartha satsAhitya ke prakAzanArtha pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama ko sAta hajAra rupayA pradAna kiyaa| etadartha vidyAzrama Apake parivAra kA AbhArI hai|

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sammati padmabhUSaNa AcArya paM. baladeva upAdhyAya 'AcAra' zramaNa . saMskRti ke udbodhaka jainadharma kA merudaNDa hai| jisa prakAra merudaNDa mAnavIya deha yaSTi ko puSTa evaM suvyavasthita banAne meM sarvathA kRtakArya hai, usI prakAra AcAra jainadharma ko puSTa tathA pariniSThita karane meM sarvatobhAvena samartha hai| AcAra ke viSaya meM prAcInakAla se hI mahattvapUrNa granthoM kA praNayana tathA saMvardhana hotA aayaa| mUlAcAra isI jaina AcAra saMhitA kA prAcIna, mahanIya tathA prAmANika grantha ratna hai| .."mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana nAmaka yaha gaveSaNAtmaka prabandha DaoN0 phUlacandra jaina premI kI kati hai jisameM lekhaka ne mUlAcAra ke viSaya meM aneka varSoM taka grantha kA anuzIlana kara prameya bahula grantharatna kI racanA kI hai| isameM mUlAcAra ke bahiraMga evaM antaraMga parIkSA ke dvArA aneka navIna tathA mAnavIya tathyoM ko khoja nikAlA hai jisase lekhaka ke isa adhyayana kI prAmANikatA siddha hotI hai / isa adhyayana meM sAmpradAyika Agraha nahIM hai pratyuta tulanAtmaka zailI kA Azraya kara tathyoM kA UhApoha kiyA gayA hai / lekhaka ne zvetAmbarIya AcAra granthoM ke sAtha bhI isakI tulanA kara isa prabandha ko vyApaka dRSTi se sampanna banAne kA zlAghanIya prayAsa kiyA hai| ____ merI dRSTi meM yaha adhyayana jaina dharma ke AcAroM ke pratipAdana tathA saMvarddhana meM upayogI tathyoM se paripUrNa hone kA gaurava prApta karane vAlA eka vizvasanIya vizvakoza hI hai| aise upayogI vivecanAtmaka adhyayana ke lie jaina samAja vidvAn lekhaka kA sarvadA RNI rahegA tathA aise hI gambhIra anthoM ke nirmANa ke lie preraNA detA rahegara / gurupUrNimA, vi. saM. 2045 dinAMka 28-7-88 . AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya ravIndrapurI, vArANasI

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abhimata siddhAntAcArya paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI, kaTanI digambara jaina zramaNacaryA ke mUlagrantha mUlAcAra para DaoN. phUlacandra jaina premI kA yaha zodha prabandha dekhakara prasannatA huii| isameM pratipAdita sabhI viSayoM para DaoN. premI ne apanI painI dRSTi se samIkSAtmaka va tulanAtmaka daSTi se jaina paraMparAoM meM pratipAdita zramaNacaryA ke bheda-prabhedoM kI vibhinna dhArAoM kA niSkarSa pratipAdita kiyA hai| __ caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM meM yaha jIva karmadaNDa ke phalasvarUpa bhramaNa kara rahA hai aura isI se duHkhI hai / isa jAla se nikala jAya to vahI mukti hai / mUlAcAra kA mUla uddezya yahI hai / paMca pApa kA sarvathA tyAga isakA mUla puruSArtha hai / pA~ca samitiyA~ usakI sAdhaka satpravRtti rUpa haiN| paMcendriya damana aura trigupti unake sAdhana haiM / inake sAtha isa zarIra se hI sAdhanA karanI par3atI hai ataH isa para niyaMtraNa karane ko hI isake zRMgAra kA tyAga , eka bhojana, nagnatA Adi sAta guNa aura bhI haiN| nagnatA bheSa nahIM hai, vaha to janmajAta hai / usa para AvaraNa Adi hama bAda meM karate haiN| jo-jo karate haiM unase isake bheSa nAnA prakAra banate haiM ... kintu sabhI bheSoM kA utAra pheMkanA hI nagnatA hai / yaha vastu svarUpa svAbhAvika hai| kRtrima bheSa nahIM, akRtrima-svAbhAvika hai| ise paramahaMsa ke rUpa meM hindU dharma ne pratiSThA dI hai / zvetAmbara granthoM meM bhI ise hI sAdhutA kA zreSTha rUpa mAnA hai| vidvAn lekhaka 'ne mUlAcAra kA AloDana kara isakA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prastuta karate hue zramaNa ke mUlaguNa-uttaraguNa, unake Antarika tathA vyAvahArika AcAra-vicAra, vyavahAra, zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke bheda-prabheda tathA jaina dharma-darzana ke siddhAntoM kA vistRta paricaya dekara stutya kArya kiyA hai| isa zreSTha kRti ke lie vidvAn lekhaka sAdhuvAdAhaM haiN| merA inheM zubhAzISa hai ki ve jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM meM bar3he aura sva-para kalyANa karane meM samartha hoN| -jaganmohanalAla zAstrI SaTkhaNDAgama vAcanA samAroha, damoha di. 16.6-1988

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prastuti esa karemi paNAmaM jiNavaravasahassa baDDhamANassa / sesANaM ca jiNANaM sagaNamaNadharANaM ca savvesi / / mUlAcAra 311 / bhAratIya saMskRti kA anuzIlana karane ke lie zramaNa paraMparA kA sampUrNa adhyayana Avazyaka hai / zramaNadhArA kama se kama utanI prAcIna to hai hI jitanI vaidikadhArA / aba purAtAttvika, bhASAvaijJAnika evaM sAhityika anveSaNoM ke AdhAra para aneka vidvAn yaha bhI mAnane lage haiM ki AryoM ke Agamana ke pUrva bhArata meM jo saMskRti thI, vaha zramaNa, nigrantha, vrAtya yA AhaMta saMskRti honI caahie| yaha saMskRti sudUra atIta meM jainadharma ke Adi tIrthaMkara vRSabha yA RSabhadeva dvArA pravartita huii| zramaNadhArA ne vaidikadhArA ko aura vaidikadhArA ne zramaNadhArA ko prabhAvita kiyA hai / Aja bhAratIya saMskRti kA jo rUpa milatA hai usameM vaidika tathA zramaNa (jaina evaM bauddha) dhArA rassI kI taraha eka meM ba~TI huI haiN| ina dhArAoM meM paraspara bahuta AdAna-pradAna huA hai| zramaNa saMskRti apanI jina vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa garimA-maNDita rahI hai, unameM zrama, saMyama aura tyAga jaise AdhyAtmika AdarzoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| apanI inhIM vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa hI isa saMskRti ne apanI pahacAna evaM apanA gauravapUrNa astitva akSa NNa rkhaa| zramaNa saMskRti kA AcAra pakSa prArambha se hI ucca Adarza kI parAkASThA kA pratIka rahA hai| yaha saMskRti puruSArtha pradhAna hone se isa meM sadA se hI AcAra kA atyadhika mahattva rahA hai / vastutaH hamArA jIvana-vyavahAra dharma se zAsita hotA hai aura dharma kA mahattva usake AcAra para nirbhara karatA hai| AcAra mArga ke pratipAdana meM hI dharma kA dharmatva sanniviSTa hotA hai| jaina dharma meM AcAramArga do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai-zramaNAcAra aura zrAvakA. cAra / zramaNAcAra mokSa kA sAkSAt mArga hai aura zrAvakAcAra paramparayA / AcAra ke ina donoM pakSoM se sambandhita vitula jaina vAGamaya prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, kannar3a, tamila tathA vibhinna dezI bhASAoM meM upalabdha

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( 8 hai, jo ki sudUra atIta se hamArI saMskRti kA saMvAhaka rahA hai| vividha bhASAoM meM racita isa sAhitya ne apanI pravahamAna saMskArazIlatA aura prANI mAtra ke pUrNa Atma-kalyANa kI bhAvanA ke mAdhyama se hamArI saMskRti ko Rtucakra sI saundaryamayatA pradAna kI hai| kintu yaha mahattvapUrNa sAhitya tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se prAyaH upekSita rahA hai / isI apekSA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue jaina zaurasenI prAkRta bhASA meM racitra zramaNAcAra se sambandhita sarvAdhika prAmANika evaM prAcIna pratinidhi grantha 'mUlAcAra' ko maiMne apane zodha evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kA viSaya bnaayaa| ___ mUlAcArakAra AcArya vaTTakera kI yaha ekamAtra kati upalabdha hai kintu isase hI unake agAdha jJAna, bahumukhI pratibhA tathA vizuddha AcAra-vicAra ke dhanI hone kA jJAna hotA hai| prastuta prabandha ke chaha adhyAyoM meM mUlAcAra grantha ke upalabdha prAmANika sAMskaraNoM evaM prAcIna pAMDulipiyoM ke AdhAra para isakI sampUrNa viSayavastu ko acche se acche rUpa meM prastuta karane kA pUrA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| prAstAvika nAmaka prathama adhyAya meM mUlAcAra kI viSayavastu, kartRtva tathA anya granthoM se tulanA Adi kA vistAra se vivecana hai / dvitIya adhyAya meM aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM kA bheda-prabheda sahita sAMgopAMga adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai / tRtIya adhyAya meM uttaraguNoM ke antargata zIla, tapa, parISaha, paJcAcAra, dasa dharma evaM anuprekSAoM kA anyAnya paramparAoM ke zAstroM ke AdhAra para tulanAtmaka vivecana vistRta rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / AhAravihAra aura vyavahAra nAmaka caturtha adhyAya tathA zramaNa saMgha nAmaka paMcama adhyAya meM ina viSayoM se sambandhita sabhI pakSoM para zaurasenI, ardhamAgadhI, pAli aura saMskata bhASA se sambaddha aneka granthoM kI sAmagrI kA upayoga viSaya pratipAdana meM kiyA gayA hai| AryikAoM kI AcAra paddhati kucha pakSoM ko chor3akara zramaNoM ke samAna pratipAdita hone se isakA vistAra se pratipAdana karane vAlA digambara paramparA meM koI svatantra prAcIna grantha nahIM hai| yahAM prastuta isa viSayaka viSaya-vastu ke prastutIkaraNa meM kAphI kaThinAI huI kintu upalabdha mUla granthoM meM yatra-tatra bikharI huI sAmagrI ko saMjokara prastuta karane kA yahA~ prathama prayAsa kiyA gayA hai tAki Age isake vistRta evaM svatantra adhyayana kI mahattA kA mArga prazasta ho sake /

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( 9 ) mUlAcAra meM jahA~ zramaNoM ke AcAra se sambandhita sabhI viSayoM kA prAmANika pratipAdana hai vahIM jaina siddhAnta ke vividha viSayoM kA bhI acchA vivecana kiyA gayA hai | ataH prastuta grantha ke antima evaM SaSTha adhyAya meM mUlAcAra meM pratipAdya sabhI siddhAntoM kA bhI sAMgopAMga vivecana prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / maiMne mUlAcAra ke pariprekSya meM digambara evaM zvetAmbara ina donoM jaina tathA vibhinna paramparAoM ke AcAra se sambandhita prAyaH sabhI prAcIna bhASAoM ke sAhitya kA apane anusandhAna kArya meM prayoga karate hue adhyayana karane kA bharapUra prayAsa kiyA hai / isIlie mUlAcAra para zodha hetu san 1672 hue zodha paMjIyana ke samaya se lekara isake prakAzana kI avadhi taka lagabhaga ina 15-16 varSoM meM lagAtAra mere adhyayana-adhyApana, mananacintana, vicAra-vimarza, tulanAtmaka vivecana tathA lekhana Adi ke sabhI prayatna isI grantha ko acche se acchA banAne meM hote rahe haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki san 1976 ke TAipa kiye hue kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya me pI-eca. DI. hetu svIkRta mUla zodha prabandha aura san 1988 meM prakAzita hue prastuta grantha ko vividha dRSTiyoM se kAphI vizeSatAoM se yukta banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ! isa adhyayana ke daurAna maiMne yaha anubhava kiyA ki zaurasenI evaM ardhamAgadhI prAkRta ke AcAra viSayaka vAG maya kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bahuta Avazyaka hai / ataH aise adhyayana ke lie tadviSayaka sabhI paramparAoM evaM bhASAoM ke sAhitya kA gaharAI se adhyayana honA cAhie tabhI kisI bhI aise adhyayana meM pUrNatA A sakatI hai / mUlAcAra ke dIrghakAlIna adhyayana evaM manana ke samaya maiMne yaha bhI nirantara mahasUsa kiyA ki zramaNAcAra ke vividha pakSoM kA pratipAdana karane vAle mUlAcAra kA pratyeka adhikAra paraspara sambaddha evaM pUraka hote hue bhI vastuta: svatantra grantha ke samAna hai cU~ki inameM itanI sAmagrI hai ki isake pratyeka adhikAra para svatantra zodha-prabandha bhI likhe jA sakate haiM / yadyapi mere dekhane meM nahIM AyA kintu aisA jJAta huA hai ki isake mAtra piNDazuddhi adhikAra para hI eka bRhad zodha prabandha jarmana meM likhA gayA hai| DaoN0 jagadIzacaMdra jI jaina ne apanI prastAvanA meM isa taraha ke kucha adhyayanoM kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai / phira bhI bhASAvaijJAnika, AcArazAstrIya, AdhyAtmika, naitika

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( 10 ) evaM saiddhAntika Adi vibhinna daSTiyoM se isake alaga-alaga viSayoM para svatantra adhyayana bhI Avazyaka haiM / itanA hI nahIM apitu prAkRta, saMskata, apabhraza, kannaDa evaM tamila Adi prAcIna bhASAoM ke una pratinidhi granthoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana Aja ke yuga meM ati Avazyaka hai jinameM mAnavIya, naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kA gahana vivecana hai, tAki antarrASTrIya stara para gira rahe naitika mUlyoM kI punasrthApanA hetu mAnava samAja ke nava-nirmANa meM unakA prayoga kiyA jA sake / isa dRSTi se yadi prastuta adhyayana nizcita hI bhAratIya AcArazAstra ke vibhinna AyAma udghATita karane meM upAdeya bana sakA to maiM apanA zrama sArthaka smjhNgaa| ____ merI dRSTi meM zramaNAcAra se sambandhita prAkRta bhASA ke kisI grantha kA rASTrabhASA meM yaha pahalA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana hai| isameM prAkRta, pAli, saMskRta, apabhraza tathA anyAnya bhASAoM ke zatAdhika mUla granthoM aura unakI TIkAoM ke una sabhI viSayoM kA yathAsthAna pUrA upayoga kiyA gayA hai jo malAcAra meM pratipAdya viSayoM se sambaddha rahe haiN| mere dvArA zAstrIya siddhAntoM ke kathana meM koI viparyAsa na ho aisI pUrI sajagatA rakhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / ata: maiM ne prArambha se hI isa bAta kA pUrA dhyAna rakhA hai ki prayukta granthoM ke mUla sandarbho ke AdhAra para hI viSaya pratipAdana kiyA jAya tAki mahAn granthakAroM ke hArda ko pragaTa kiyA jA sake / isIlie una granthoM ke prAya: atyAvazyaka mUla sandarbho ko yathAvat uddhRta bhI kiyA gayA hai tAki yadi merI koI cUka huI ho to sudhI pAThaka unake AdhAra para sahI Azaya grahaNakara, use mujhe sUcita karane kI kRpA kara skeN| prakAzana hetu presa meM dene se pUrva hI isa prabandha meM Avazyaka parivardhana saMzodhana evaM parivartana kara liyA thA kintu mujhe yaha bhI anubhava huA ki viSayoM ke pratipAdana meM digambara evaM zvetAmbara tathA anya paramparAoM ke una granthoM kI mahattvapUrNa sAmagrI kA upayoga bhI Avazyaka hai jinakA pahale pUrA upayoga nahIM kiyA thaa| ataH maiMne pratyeka adhyAya ko puna: vyavasthita rUpa meM likhanA prArambha kiyA tAki vizAla vAGamaya meM upalabdha sAmagrI ke AdhAra para viSaya ke spaSTa vivecana meM kabhI na rahe / jaise-jaise pratyeka adhyAya kA punarlekhana pUrA hotA gayA, use presa meM dete gye| yahI kAraNa hai ki isake prakAzana meM kAphI samaya laga gyaa| kintu dIrghakAlIna isa

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( 11 ) sampUrNa kArya meM mujhe AtmasaMtoSa, Ananda evaM gaurava ke sAtha hI apane isa jIvana kI sArthakatA anubhUta huii| yaha merA saubhAgya hai ki prAkRta, saMskRta, pAli, apabhraMza Adi bhASAoM ke aneka manISI santoM evaM vidvAnoM ne prakAzana ke pUrva evaM bAda meM isa grantha kA avalokana kara isakI sarAhanA kI hai| vastutaH mUlAcAra kA yaha gurutara adhyayana prastuta karane kA sAhasa pUjya AcAryo', muniyoM, vidvAnoM evaM AtmIyajanoM se hI prApta huA hai| sarvaprathama una mahAn pUrvAcAryo, vartamAna AcAryo', muniyoM evaM vidvAnoM ke prati apanI hArdika kRtajJatA evaM zraddhA vyakta karatA hU~ jinakI amUlya kRtiyoM se maiM isa adhyayana meM lAbhAnvita huA huuN| ____ parama pUjya AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara jI evaM inake vizAla saMgha ke prati atyanta zraddhAvanata hU~, jinake sAnnidhya, satparAmarza, zubhAzISa evaM protsAhana se nirantara lAbhAnvita huaa| di0 2-1-1988 ko pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ke svarNa jayantI samAroha evaM a0 bhA0 prAkRta evaM jaina vidyA pariSad ke prathama adhivezana ke avasara para kendrIya saMsadIya kAryamaMtrI zrImatI zIlA dIkSita ke dvArA isa grantha ke bhavya vimocana ke bAda isakI eka prati AcAryazrI ke avalokanArtha evaM zubhAzISa hetu lalitapura bhejI thii| AcAryazrI ne kRpA karake apane saMgha ke kucha vidvAnmaniyoM ke sAtha isa grantha ko kaI dinoM taka gaharAI se dekhA aura apAra prasannatA vyakta karate hue isake tulanAtmaka adhyayana, viSaya pratipAdana Adi aneka dRSTiyoM se isakI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI aura zubhAzISa pradAna kiyA / isase merA utsAha dviguNita huA aura maiMne apane zrama kI sArthakatA smjhii| parama pUjya AcAryazrI dharmasAgara jI, A* zrI dezabhUSaNa jI, A0 zrI vimala sAgara jI, A. zrI vidyAnaMda jI, A0 zrI ajita sAgara jI Adi tathA inake saMghastha muniyoM aura AcAryakalpa zrutasAgara jI, AyikA ratna jJAnamatI mAtA jI, kSa llaka jinendra varNI jI, sanmati sAgara jI, guNa sAgara jI Adi aneka digambara paramparA ke santoM evaM zraddheya AcAryazrI tulasI jI, upAdhyAya amara muni jI, yuvAcArya mahAprajJa jI, muni zrI dulaharAja jI, muni zrIcandra jI kamala, muni zrI mahendrakumAra jI Adi tathA sAdhvI-pramukhA kanakaprabhA jI Adi aneka zvetAmbara paramparA ke santoM ke

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( 12 ) sAkSAt sAnnidhya meM mujhe jaina zramaNoM ke AcAra vicAra evaM vyavahAra se sambandhita vibhinna viSayoM ko samajhane, sIkhane evaM zubhAzISa prApta karane kA saubhAgya prApta huaa| sAtha hI ina sabake sAhitya se bhI pUrA lAbha lene kA suavasara prApta kiyaa| maiM sabhI ke prati pUrNa Adara sahita kRtajJatA jJApita karatA huuN| jaina jagat ke vidvat ziromaNi siddhAntAcArya paM0 phUlacandra jI zAstrI, si. A. paM. kailAzacanda jI zAstrI evaM paM0 jaganmohanalAla jI siddhAMtazAstrI-Ina tInoM gurujanoM ke sAnnidhya meM lambe samaya taka rahakara mujhe jaina zAstroM ke adhyayana kA saubhAgya milA hai| isa grantha kI samRddhi meM inake sAnnidhya, vicAroM evaM preraNAoM kA bahumUlya hAtha hai aura prastuta prabandha ke praNayana meM prArambha se anta taka inakA mArgadarzana evaM protsAhana prApta rahA hai| viSaya vivecana meM jaba kabhI mujhe kaThinAI huI inase aura inakI kRtiyoM se sadA udAratA pUrvaka sAhAyya milaa| maiM ina sabakA bahuta upakAra mAnatA huuN| zraddheya sva0 paM0 kailAzacanda jI kA puNyasmaraNa kaise bhulAyA jA sakatA hai jinake virATa vyaktitva aura kartRtva ne mujhe mUlAcAra jaise grantha ke gurutara adhyayana ko prastuta karane kA bala pradAna kiyaa| zodha kArya ke samaya bhI TAipa karAne se pUrva A. paM. jI ne ise par3hA thA tathA aba bhI prakAzana ke samaya Apane ise dekha liyA thA tAki saiddhAntika dRSTi se koI truTi na raha jAe / ___ kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya se pI-eca. DI. upAdhi hetu 1976 meM prastuta isa zodha-prabandha-parIkSaNa ke samaya zraddhaya DaoN0 nathamala jI TATiyA. lADana evaM pro0 dalasukhabhAI jI mAlavaNiyA, ahamadAbAda ne isakA gahagaI se avalokana kara isakI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kii| pAzvanAtha vidyAzrama meM jaba kabhI A0 pro0 mAlavaNiyA jI padhAre, mujhe unase aura jaina vizva. bhAratI, lADana meM A0 DaoN0 TATiyA jI se barAbara satparAmarza prApta hue, jo mere isa adhyayana meM bahuta sahAyaka siddha hue| isa grantha ko prakAzita karane tathA paripUrNa banAne meM pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ke nidezaka DaoN. sAgaramala jI jaina kA maiM atyanta AbhArI hU~, jinhoMne udAratA evaM AtmIyatA pUrvaka isake prakAzana kI svayaM pahala karake mujhe protsAhita kiyA aura parivartana, parivardhana tathA punarlekhana ke

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( 13 ) kAraNa prakAzana meM hue vilamba ko dhairyapUrvaka sahA / sAtha hI samaya-samaya para isakI pAMDulipi ko dekhakara Avazyaka sujhAvoM ke sAtha hI apane cintana evaM vicAroM dvArA lAbhAnvita kiyaa| sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya vArANasI meM hamAre zramaNa vidyA saMkAya ke pUrva adhyakSa sva0 pro. jagannAtha upAdhyAya jI kA maiM AjIvana RNI rahU~gA, jo mere vikAsa ke lie nirantara preraNAyeM pradAna karate rhe| Apane jaba isa grantha kI pAMDulipi enaM Adhe se adhika prakAzita aMza dekhA thA, tabhI se isa viSaya ke adhyayana kI mahattA ke kAraNa isake prakAzana kI pragati ke prAyaH roja hI samAcAra pUcha lete the| hamAre evaM A0 DaoN0 gokulacanda jI ke Agraha para Apane isa para vistRta bhUmikA likhane kI saharSa svIkRti pradAna kI thI, kintu kheda hai ki ise ve prakAzita rUpa meM ma dekha sake aura eka mahAn cintaka manISI kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA se hama vaJcita raha gye| . isa grantha kI vidvattApUrNa prastAvanA ke lie sammAnya DaoN. jagadIza candra jI jaina, bambaI kA atyanta AbhArI huuN| Apako gambhIra prastAvanA prastuta grantha ke prAstAvika adhyAya kI atyAvazyaka pUraka IkAI bana gaI hai / Apane ativyastatA ke bAvajUda isa grantha kA jisa ruci evaM AtmIyatA ke sAtha avalokana kara apane agAdha jJAna kA paricaya apanI prastAbanA meM diyA, unake isa sauhArda se mujhe bahuta bala aura gaurava prApta huA hai / paramapUjya 108 AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja, padmabhUSaNa AcArya paM0 baladeva upAdhyAya, siddhAntAcArya paM0 phUlacandra zAstrI, A0 paM0 jaganmohanalAla jI zAstrI ke prati hArdika kRtajJatA jJApita karatA hU~ jinhoMne isa grantha ko par3ha kara zubhAzISa evaM sammati se gauravAnvita karane kI kRpA kii| pArzanAtha vidyAzrama ke pUrva nidezaka A0 DaoN0 mohanalAla jI mehatA evaM sva0 pro0 ramAkAnta tripAThI (tatkAlIna darzana vibhAgAdhyakSa, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya) kA atyanta kRtajJa hU~ jinake samyaka nirdezana meM majhe yaha zodha kArya sampanna karane kA saubhAgya prApta huaa| prArambhika mArgadarzana ke lie A0 DaoN0 sudarzanalAla jI jaina, (rIDara, saMskRta vibhAga, bI.eca.yU.) evaM zrI gaNezavarNI di0 jaina saMsthAna vArANasI ke prati hArdika AbhAra vyakta karatA huuN|

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( 14 ) AdaraNIya pro0 khuzAlacandra gorAvAlA, DaoN0 darabArI lAla jI koThiyA, pro. badarInAtha zukla, pro. rAmacandra pANDeya, sva0 DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI, DaoN0 pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, sva. paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI, sva0 DaoN. gulAbacandra caudharI, paM0 sumeracandra divAkara, sva. paM. agaracandra nAhaTA, DaoN. lAlabahAdura zAstrI, sva. paM. bAbUlAla jamAdAra, vidvadratna paM. hIrAlAla kauzala, pro. udayacanda jaina, pro. ema. esa. DhAkI,:pro. kamala canda sogAnI, pro. dayAnanda bhArgava, pro. rAjArAma jaina, DaoN. devendrakumAra zAstrI, DaoN. gokulacanpra jaina, pro. rAmazaMkara tripAThI, pro. lakSmInArAyaNa tivArI zrI jamanAlAla jaina, DaoN. komalacaMdra jaina, DaoN. bhAgacaMdra bhAskara, DaoN. prema sumana jaina, DaoN0 satyaprakAza jaina evaM sva0 zrI nAthUlAla jI jijJAsu Adi tathA pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama ke suyogya maMtrI zrI bhUpendranAtha jI jaina se prApta sneha aura preraNAoM ke prati kRtajJatA vyakta karatA huuN| sammAnya DaoN. lAlacaMdra jaina, vaizAlI, DaoN. ramezacaMdra jaina bijanaura, DaoN. hukamacaMdra pArzvanAtha saMgave, solApura, DaoN. harihara siMha, DaoN. ajita zukadeva zarmA (zAnti niketana), DaoN. vaziSTha nArayaNa sinhA (kAzI vidyApITha), zrI mAMgIlAla jI saroja sujAnagar3ha, suzrI bahina vINA jaina lADana, DaoN. surezacaMdra jaina, DaoN. bAlazAstrI, DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina, DaoN. zreyAMsa kumAra jaina, DaoN. kapUracaMdra jaina, DaoN. azoka kumAra jaina tathA mere vidyArthI zrI munnAlAla jaina, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama parivAra ke DaoN. zivaprasAda jI, DaoN. aruNa pratApa siMha, zrI azoka kumAra siMha, zrI maheza kumAra, zrI mohanalAla jI Adi sabhI kI AtmIyatA evaM saujanya ke prati AbhAra vyakta karatA huuN| merI dharmapatnI zrImatI munnI (puSpA) jaina, ema. e., prAkRtAcArya ne pAMDulipi karane evaM prUpha saMsodhana meM tathA putra anekAnta kumAra aura arahaMta kumAra evaM putrI indu jaina dvArA vividha prakAra se jo sahayoga milA use bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA / maiM inake abhyudaya kI kAmanA karatA huuN| yaha grantha maiMne apane pUjya mAtA-pitA ko samarpita kiyA hai / mere mana meM yahI dRr3ha bhAva hai ki yaha mahat-anuSThAna unhIM ke zubhAzISa aura preraNA se sampanna huA hai|

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jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanU ke antargata brAhmI vidyApITha evaM pAramArthika zikSaNa saMsthA meM lagabhaga cAra varSa (san 1976 se 1979 taka) jaina vidyA evaM prAkata ke prAdhyApaka ke rUpa meM kArya karane kA saavasara majhe isa kSetra meM bahuta kucha upalabdhiyA~ karAne meM varadAna siddha huA hai| ardhamAgadhI tathA zaurasenI Agama, jaina darzana, saMskRta-sAhitya evaM prAkRta bhASA Adi ke adhyayana-adhyApana, Agama-vAcanA, prekSAdhyAna zivira, sampAdana kArya ityAdi pravRttiyoM meM sammilita hone ke sAtha hI santoM evaM vidvAnoM ke samAgama kA majhe yahAM pUrNa lAbha prApta karane kA sa avasara prApta huA hai tathA yahIM rahakara mujhe 'lADana ke jaina mandira kA kalA vaibhava, nAmaka pustaka likhane kA saubhAgya prApta huA jo kalakattA ke sva. zrI nathamala jI seThI ke TrasTa meM isI varSa prakAzita huI hai| vArANasI ke zrI syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya evaM pAzrjanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna tathA kaTanI ke zrI zAnti niketana jaina saMskRta vidyAlaya ke upakAra ko kaise bhalAyA jA sakatA hai, jahAM aneka varSoM taka rahakara majhe adhyayana, anusaMdhAna evaM svayaM ke nirmANa kI sabhI suvidhAyeM prApta rhiiN| ina saMsthAoM ke pustakAlayIya sahayoga ke sAtha hI kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya ke kendrIya tathA jaina darzana evaM prAkRta vibhAgIya pustakAlayoM, zrI gaNezavarNI dio jaina saMsthAna, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU jaina siddhAnta bhavana, ArA, zrI di0 jaina maMdira sujAnagar3ha (rAja.) tathA dalapatapura [sAgara ma. pra. di. jaina udAsIna Azrama IsarI Adi ke pustakAlayoM evaM zAstra bhaNDAroM se mujhe pUrA sahayoga prApta huA hai| maiM inake vyavasthApakoM ko dhanyavAda jJApita karatA huuN| zrI bAbUlAlajI phAgulla, mahAvIra presa vAloM ne isake acche mudraNa meM bharapUra sahayoga diyA, ataH Apake prati AbhAra vyakta karatA huuN| isa grantha ke prakAzana meM sajagatA, AtmasaMtoSa tathA tatkAla atyAvazyaka bhUla sudhAra Adi hetu prapha saMzodhana kA dAyitva maiMne svayaM liyA tAki mUla sandarbho', pAribhASika zabdoM aura saiddhAntika viSayoM meM yathAsambhava truTiyAM na raheM / kintu isake bAvajUda bhI prUpha kI azuddhiyA~ tathA kucha kamiyAM aura truTiyAM alpajJatAvaza raha jAnA svAbhAvika hai, ataH kSamA kreNge| sAtha hI

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sudhI pAThakoM se yaha anurodha hai ki ve mujhe truTiyA~ sUcita karane kI avazya kRpA kareM tAki Age unakA parimArjana kiyA jA sake / ___anta meM jinhoMne jAne-anajAne sneha, sahayoga aura protsAhana diyA una sabhI ke prati apane kRtajJatA ke bhAvoM ko vyakta karane ke lie suprasiddha vidvAn AinsTIna kI vasIyatanAmA kA nimnalikhita aMza uddhRta karake virAma lenA ucita samajhatA hUM "svayaM apane ko lekara maiM to pratidina yahI anubhava karatA hU~ ki mere bhItarI aura bAharI jIvana ke nirmANa meM kitane agaNita vyaktiyoM ke zrama kA hAtha rahA hai aura isa anubhUti se uddIpta merA antaHkaraNa kitanA chaTapaTAtA hai ki maiM kama se kama itanA to isa duniyA~ ko de sakU~, jitanA ki maiMne usase abhI taka liyA hai|" ASTAhnika parva vIra nirvANa saMvat 2514 di. 29-7-1988 DA0 phUlacandra jaina premI nivAsa-pI 3/2 lena naM. 13, ravIndrapurI vArANasI-221005

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prastAvanA digambara paramparA meM mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA ina donoM granthoM kA bahuta mahattva hai| inameM digambara muniyoM ke AcAra, vicAra, vyavahAra, gamanAgamana, varSAkAla, vihAra caryA, vasati-sthAna, zramaNasaMgha kA svarUpa aura AyikAoM kI AcAra-paddhati kA jaisA sAMgopAMga varNana upalabdha hai vaisA anya digaMbarIya zAstroM meM dikhAI nahIM detaa| isa dRSTi se DA0 phalacandra jaina 'premI' kI kRti 'mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana' svAgata yogya samajhI jaayegii| ____ jAhira hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa prApta karane ke pUrva jaina saMgha meM digaMbara-zvetAmbara bheda nahIM thaa| IsavI san kI prathama zatAbdI meM mathurA meM pAye jAne vAle zilAlekhoM se yaha kathana pramANita hotA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jo apane tyAga aura vairAgya se paripUrNa upadezoM dvArA saMsAra kA tyAga kara paramapada prApta karane kA mArga darzAyA, vaha sabhI ko eka jaisA mAnya thaa| zruta-paraMparA meM kisI prakAra kA bheda abhI taka utpanna nahIM huA thaa| ataeva viSayavastu aura use vyakta karane ke mAdhyamoM-prAkRta gAthAoM Adi-meM bhinnatA paidA nahIM huI thI, koI bhI bAta sarvasAmAnya pracalita gAthAoM Adi dvArA vyakta kI jAtI thii| vastutaH maulika rUpa meM yahI nirgrantha dharma thA / vaTTakeri (kanaDI meM beTTa = araNya sahita laghuparvata, kerI rAstA yA galI arthAt amuka sthAna) dvArA racita mUlAcAra, jise AcArAMga athavA AcArasUtra nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai, usa prAcIna kAla kI mahatvapUrNa racanA hai jaba ki jaina saMgha meM digaMbara-zvetAMbara bheda kA udaya nahIM huA thaa| isa grantharAja ke adhyayana karane se zvetAmbarIya prakIrNakoM, chedasUtroM (vizeSakara nizItha, vyavahAra, va hatkalpa) aura mUlasUtroM (vizeSakara uttarAdhyayana, Avazyaka, dazavakAlika, piMDaniyukti) kA smaraNa ho uThatA hai jinake sAMgopAMga gaMbhIra adhyayana ke binA jaina zramaNasaMgha ke vikAsa kI rUparekhA adhUrI raha jAtI hai|

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( 18 ) isa sandarbha meM DaoN phUlacanda premI jI mUlAcAra kI viSayavastu ( gAthAoM) kI tulanA zvetAMbarIya Avazyaka niyukti, piNDaniyukti, jIvasamAsa aura Atura pratyAkhyAna nAmaka prakIrNaka ke sAtha karane ke pazcAt jisa niSkarSa para pahuMce haiM vaha mahattvapUrNa hai| unakA kahanA hai : 'ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM zramaNAcAra ke jina niyamoM aura upaniyamoM ko nibaddha kiyA gayA hai tathA mUlAcAra meM zramaNa kI jo AcAra saMhitA nibaddha hai usakI tAttvika aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI preraNA meM koI vizeSa antara pratIta nahIM hotaa| ahiMsA ke jisa mUla dharAtala para zramaNAcAra kA mahAprAsAda isa ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM nirmita kiyA gayA hai, usI ahiMsA ke mUla dharAtala para mUlAcAra meM zramaNAcAra kA vizAla prAsAda nirmita huA hai| arthAt donoM kI AdhArabhUmi eka hI hai|" (pRSTha 24-25) / lekina ukta tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke pazcAta, 10 29 kI antima paMktiyoM meM jo niSkarSa nikAlA gayA, usa meM isa kathana kA spaSTa rUpa se samarthana nahIM kiyA gayA / kevala yahI kahanA paryApta samajhA gayA ki isa para alaga se vistRta tulanAtmaka adhyayana aura anusandhAna kI apekSA hai| Age calakara paNDita paramAnandajI ke kathana dvArA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki vartamAna niryaktiyoM kA nirmANa kAla vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI hai aura mUlAcAra ina niryaktiyoM se kAphI pUrva kI racanA hai, sAtha hI isa bAta kA bhI ullekha hai ki aisI avasthA meM AdAna-pradAna kI bAta samucita nahIM jAna par3atI (pR0 39 ) / ___ yahAM yaha ullekha kara denA Avazyaka hai ki yadi mahAvIra ke nigrantha .paramparAgata upadezoM ko hI malAcAra ke kartA aura niyuktikAra ne sarvamAnya gAthAoM ke rUpa meM apanI-apanI racanAoM meM samAviSTa kiyA hai to tAttvika dRSTi se ina donoM meM amaka racanA ke pUrva aura amuka racanA ke uttaravartI hone kA prazna nahIM utthtaa| yaha bAta bhI dhyAna meM rakhanI hogI ki yadyapi moTe taura para niyuktiyoM kA racanA-kAla vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI mAnya kiyA gayA hai, phira bhI sAMketika evaM saMkSipta zailI meM nirmita isa mahattvapUrNa sAhitya kI racanA prAcIna guru paramparA se Agata pUrva sAhitya ke AdhAra se hI kI gaI hai, ataeva isa sAhitya kI prAcInatA meM sandeha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / yahI bAta mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA jaise digaMbarIya sAhitya ke sambandha meM kahI jA sakatI hai /

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( 19 ) mUlAcAra kA adhyayana : 1. abhI kucha varSa pUrva pazcima jarmanI kI phrI balina yUnivarsiTI ke prophesara candrabhAla zripAThI ne sTrAsabarga yunivarsiTI (Bibliotheque Nationale Et Universitaire De Strasbourg) meM upalabdha Ja grogfosfaat #1 99794 (Catalogue of the Jaina Manuscripts at Strasbourg, Leiden, 1975) nAmaka eka mahattvapUrNa kaiTalaoNga prakAzita kiyA hai / isa bRhadAkAra kaiTalaoNga kI prastAvanA meM prophesara tripAThI ne batAyA hai ki kisa prakAra jaina vidyA ke prakANDa vidvAn ansTa laoNyamAna (1859-1931) ne aneka pAMDulipiyoM kI sahAyatA se Avazyaka niyukti aura isase sambandhita Avazyaka jaina granthoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana kara apanA mahattvapUrNa prabandha (Vebersicht veber die Avasyaka Literatur (Avazyaka sAhitya kA sarvekSaNa hAmburga, 1934) prakAzita kiyA thaa| ukta granthAlaya kI pANDulipiyoM meM vaTTake ra racita mUlAcAra kI pANDu. lipi bhI maujUda hai jisa para AcArya vasunandI kI sarvArthasiddhi aparanAma AcAravRtti TIkA hai / pustaka ke anta meM pratilipi karane vAle ne likhA hai : athAsmin zubha saMvatsare zrI nRpati-vikramAdityarAjye saMvat 1895 kArtika kRSNA 6 budhavAsare taddine samAptamidaM mUlAcAra-nAma-grantham / matalaba yaha hai ki rAjA vikramAditya ke kAla meM saMvat 1895 meM yaha pANDulipi taiyAra kI gaI / laoNyamAna ne apane uparokta prabandha (pRSTha 15 Adi) meM mUlAcAra kI carcA kI hai / upalabdha pAMDulipi ke AdhAra para isa prabandha (pRSTha 16-19) meM mUlAcAra ke SaDAvazyakAdhikAra nAmaka sAtaveM adhyayana kA sampAdana bhI kiyaa| laoNyamAna vaTakera ko AcArya kundakunda ke pUrvavartI mAnate haiN| (jaina pANDulipiyoM kA kaiTalaoNga sIriyala, naM0 77, pRSTha 134. 38) / kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki prAcIna nirgrantha paramparA meM SaT AvazyakoM kA atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA -ye nitya kiye jAne vAle karma the-ye Avazyaka kriyAnuSThAna samajhe jAte the| inameM aMtaraMga kI manovRttiyoM para jora diyA gayA hai, bAhya kriyAoM para nahIM / yahI kAraNa hai ki vartamAna meM upalabdha zvetAMbarIya granthoM meM Avazyaka kA kAphI vistAra hai aura AvazyakasUtra para jitanI TIkA-TippaNiyAM upalabdha haiM utanI anya

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( 20 ) 'kisI sUtra para nhiiN| isa sambandha meM vizeSakara dekhiye, balina yunivarsiTI ke prophesara klAusa bana kA mahattvapUrNa lekha 'Avazyaka sTeDIja' (pRSTha 11-49), Studien zum Jainismus and BuddhismusGedenkschrift fuer Ludwig Alsdorf, Wiesbaden, 1981) / isa dRSTi se mUlAcAra ke antargata SaDAvazyakAdhikAra (1.193 gAthAyeM) kA sthAna atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| isa sambandha meM vizeSa ullekhanIya hai ki mUlAcAra ke kartA AcArya vaTTakera ne isa adhikAra meM spaSTa rUpa se 'AvassayaNi jjuttI' (Avazyaka niyukti) kA ullekha kiyA hai| AvassayaNijjuttI vocchAmi jahAkamaM samAseNa / Ayari paraMparAe jahAgadA ANupuvvIe // 2 // -maiM yathAkrama saMkSepa meM Avazyaka niyukti kA vivecana karU~gA jo pUrvAcArya paramparA se anupUrvI se (pUrvAgamakramaM cAparityajya-TIkA, arthAta pUrva se Agata Agama ke krama ko binA chor3e) prApta huI hai / Age calakara yahI bAta sAmAyika niyukti (gAthA 16), caturviMzatiniyukti (gAthA 40), vaMdanAniyukti (gAthA 76), pratikramaNaniyukti (gAthA 114), pratyAkhyAnaniyukti (134), aura kAyotsarganiyukti (150) ke sambandha meM kahI gaI hai / anta meM Avazyaka kA artha aura usakI vidhi kA kathana karate hue upasaMhAra meM kahA gayA hai : NijjuttI Ni jjuttI esA kahidA mae samAseNa aha vittharapasaMgo'Niyogado hodi NAdavo // 192 // maiMne saMkSepa meM niyukti kI niyukti (AvazyakacUlikA Avazyakaniyukti-TIkA) kA kathana kiyA hai, vistAra se jAnanA ho to aniyoga (AcArAMgAt-TIkA) se jAnanA cAhiye / tatpazcAt antima gAthA hai : AvassayaNijjuttI evaM kadhidA samAsao vihiNA / jo uvajujadi NiccaM so siddhi jAdi visuddhappA / / 193 // jaina sAhitya ke prakANDa vidvAn paMDita nAthUrAma jI premI ne apane 'vaTTakeri kA mUlAcAra nAmaka, mahattvapUrNa lekha meM yaha vivecana prastuta kiyA hai-dekhiye jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa; dvitIya saMskaraNa, 1956, pRSTha 551-52) /

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( 21 ) spaSTa hai ki mulAcAra ke kartA mahAvIra kI nigrantha paramparA dvArA svIkRta SaT Avazyaka ke mahattva para jora dete hue pratyeka Avazyaka kA alaga-alaga kathana kara rahe haiM aura likha rahe haiM ki unhoMne Avazyaka niyukti kA yahA~ bakhAna kiyA hai aura jo isakA nitya AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha vizuddha AtmA siddhi prApta karatA hai| aisI hAlata meM 'Avazyakaniyukti' kA kAla vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI batAkara, malAcAra ko uttarakAlIna racanA siddha karane kA prayatna karanA ucita nahIM jAna pdd'taa| isake sAtha hI yaha bhI eka zodha kA viSaya hogA ki nitya karma ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiye jAne vAle SaTa Avazyaka ke pAlane kI prathA digambara sampradAya meM kyoM pracalita nahIM raha pAI, jabaki zvetAmbara sampradAya meM vaha Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| 2. jaina darzana ke prakANDa paMDita prajJAcakSa paMDita sukhalAla jI saMghavI ne mUlAcAra kA adhyayana kara usakI gAthAoM kI Avazyaka niyukti-gAthAoM se tulanA kI hai| isa prasaMga para DaoNkTara phUlacandajI jaina ne unakI 'sAmAyika pratikramaNanu rahasya' tathA 'darzana aura cintana' (khaNDa 2, pRSTha 203) nAmaka racanAoM kA ullekha karate hue mUlAcAra evaM Avazyaka niyukti kI samAna gAthAoM kI sUcI prastuta kI hai (pR0 26) / paMDita jI ne malAcAra ko jo saMgraha grantha svIkAra kiyA hai, usakA tAtparya yahI ho sakatA hai ki isa grantha meM mahAvIra kI nirgrantha paramparA meM pracalita una gAthAoM ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai jo mahattvapUrNa gAthAyeM sarvamAnya samajhI jAtI thiiN| isakA artha yaha nahIM ki 'vaTTakera ne kundakundAcArya ke granthoM meM se, Avazyaka kI niyukti meM se, sanmati prakaraNa meM se tathA zivAryakRta ArAdhanA meM se gAthAyeM uddhRta kI haiM' (anekAnta, varSa 2, pR0 319-24, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 4, pAzrvanAtha vidyAzrama, vArANasI, pa0 269 para se)| - 3. paMDita nAthUrAma jI premI ke 'vaTTakeri kA mUlAcAra' nAmaka lekha kA ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai / yaha lekha unhoMne Aja se lagabhaga 30-35 varSa pUrva likhA. thA jo unakI sUkSma anveSaNa vRtti kA paricAyaka hai| mUlAcAra ke adhyetA zodha-chAtroM ke liye yaha Aja bhI mananIya hai / isa lekha meM uThAye hue muddoM ko yahAM saMkSepa meM diyA jA rahA hai :

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( 22 ) (1) mUlAcAra (10.18) kI nimnalikhita gAthA dekhiye : accelakudde siya sejjAhara rAyapiMDa kidiyamma / vada jeTha paDikkamaNaM mAsaNapajjo samaNa kappo / Acelakya, auddezika, zayyAtara-piMDa-tyAga, rAjapiMDa tyAga, kRtikarma, vrata, jyeSTha, pratikramaNa, mAsa tathA pajjosamaNa (payuSaNa)-ye dasa sthiti kalpa hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM yaha 421 vI gAthA hai| zvetAmbarIya jItakalpabhASya meM yaha 1972 vI gAthA hai| zvetAmbara sampradAya ke anya TIkA-granthoM aura nirya ktiyoM meM yaha milatI hai| 'prameya kamalamArtaNDa' ke 'strImuktivicAra' meM prabhAcandra ne isa gAthA kA ullekha zvetAmbara siddhAMta ke rUpa meM kiyA hai / (DAkTara phUlacandra jI jaina ne isa kathana kA samarthana karate hue likhA hai -'malAcAra aura zvetAmbara paramparA meM sarvasAdhAraNa zramaNoM ke lie ina kalpoM kA ullekha hai, pR0 337). (2) mUlAcAra kI dUsarI gAthA dekhiye : sejjAgAmaNisejjo tadovahipaDilehaNAhi uvaggahide / AhArosavavAyaNa vikiMcaNaM vaMdaNAdIhiM / (5.194) --- zayyAvakAza rUpa vasati, niSadyA (Asana Adi), upadhi, pratilekhanA, AhAra, auSadha, vAcanA (zAstra-vyAkhyAna-TIkA), vikiMcana (cyuta maMtra : kA zodhana-TIkA) aura vaMdanA Adi dvArA muni muniyoM kA vaiyAvRtya kare / bhagavatI ArAdhanA (305) meM bhI yaha gAthA ullikhita hai| isa gAthA meM jaina muni ko rugNamuni kA auSadha Adi dvArA upacAra karane kA vidhAna hai / jJAtavya hai ki isa vidhAna ke digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya na hone ke kAraNa kavi vRndAvanadAsa jI (vikrama saMvat 1842) ko jo zaMkA paidA huI thI usake samAdhAna ke liye unhoMne dIvAna amaracanda jI ko patra likhA thaa| 4. DaoNkTara AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye apane Dhaga ke bahuta bar3e vidvAn ho gaye haiM / unhoMne digaMbarIya granthoM kA hI nahIM, zvetAmbara granthoM kA bhI pArAyaNa kiyA thaa| raviSeNakRta bahatkathA koza kI apanI vidvattApUrNa iNTroDakzana meM (siMghI sIrIja, 1943) unhoMne zivAryakRta bhagavatI

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{ 23 ) ArAdhanA evaM vaTTa kerakRta mUlAcAra jaisI mahattvapUrNa racanAoM para apane gaMbhIra vicAra vyakta kiye haiN| unakI nimnalikhita mAnyatAoM se hamAre uparokta kathana ko sArthakatA siddha hotI hai : [ka] bhagavatI ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra, niyukti (Avazyaka, piMDa Adi) aura prakIrNakoM (maraNa-samAdhi, bhakta-parijJA Adi) meM jo zramaNa caryA kA eka jaisA sarvasAmAnya gAthAoM meM vivecana upalabdha hotA hai, usase hama isI niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki ina racanAoM kA srota pUrvakAlIna jaina paramparA thI jo Age cala kara digambara aura zvetAmbara do paramparAoM meM vibhAjita ho gaI / [iNTroDakzana, pR0 34] [kha] niyukti, prakIrNaka aura mUlAcAra Adi racanAoM meM jo sarvasAmAnya mAnyatAyeM evaM gAthAyeM pAI jAtI haiM, unase nizcaya hI isa bAta kA patA lagatA hai ki yaha sAmagrI usa kAla kI hai jabaki digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparAoM ne janma nahIM liyA thaa| [ga] bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM ullikhita vijahanA-prakaraNa meM jo jaina zramaNoM kI nIharaNa kriyA kA vivecana hai, vaha prAcIna pratIta hotA hai, jo Age calakara kAla doSa se lupta ho gyaa| [ isa sambandha meM vistRta vivecana ke liye dekhiye ina paMktiyoM ke lekhaka kI 'lAipha ina aiMziyeNTa iMDiyA aija DipikTeDa ina jaina kainana eNDa kaoNmeNTarIja, pR0 281-3] / isake atirikta jarmana vidvAna ke okUda ne mUlAcAra para Eine Digambara-Dogmatik racanA prakAzita kI hai [Wiesbaden, 1975] / isI prakAra ke0 oitajensa [Oetjens ] ne bhagavatI ArAdhanA para Sivarya's Mularadhana prakAzita kI hai [ Hamburg, 1976], mUlAcAra kA adhyayana karane vAle zodha vidyArthiyoM ko ye racanAyeM avazya dekhanI cAhiye / DaoNkTara zubiMga ke ziSya DaoN0 vAlTara Deneke [Denecke] ne 1933 meM, apane zodha-prabaMdha 'digambara TaikTsa' meM malAcAra Adi digaMbarIya racanAoM kA bhASA zAstrIya adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai / [dekhiye e0 ena0 upAdhye, pravacanasAra [ 1935], iMTroDakzana, pR0 121]

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( 24 ) mUlAcAra kI anya samAnAntara gAthAyeM : uparokta gAthAoM ke sivAya mUlAcAra meM ullikhita aura bhI katipaya gAthAyeM aisI haiM jo zvetAMbarIya granthoM meM milatI haiN| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki ye nigrantha paramparA kI sarvamAnya gAthAyeM haiM jinameM digaMbaratva athavA zvetAmbaratva dekhane kI AvazyakatA nahIM, ataeva inameM AdAna-pradAna kA prazna bhI paidA nahIM hotA / udAharaNArtha yadi kundakundakRta bArasa aNuvekkhA athavA niyamasAra Adi kI gAthAyeM mUlAcAra meM mila jAyeM to isase kundakunda kA pUrvakAlIna aura vaTTakera kA uttarakAlIna honA siddha nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra kI gAthAyeM jaisA kahA jA cukA hai, jaina paramparA meM sarva sAmAnya rUpa meM pracalita thIM jinakA upayoga koI bhI jaina AcArya nissaMkoca kara sakatA thaa| karma sAhitya sambandhI kitanI hI gAthAyeM aisI haiM jinakA samAveza digambara evaM zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne karma sAhitya sambandhI apanI-apanI racanAoM meM kiyA hai| isake atirikta 'zramaNa-kAvya' (ascetic poetry) sambandhI kitanI hI gAthAyeM evaM kathA prasaMga aise haiM jo jaina, bauddha aura brAhmaNa paramparAoM meM samAna rUpa se ullikhita haiM; dazabaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, AcArAMga, dhammapada, suttanipAta, saMyuttanikAya, theragAthA, itivRttaka, jAtakakathA tathA mahAbhArata Adi se inakI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai / isa sambandha kI katipaya gAthAyeM yahA~ uddhRta kI jAtI haiM; (ka) kadhaM care kadhaM ciTThe kadhamAse kadhaM saye / kadhaM bhuMjejja bhAsijja kadhaM pAvaM Na bajjhadi / -mUlAcAra 10.121 jadaM care jadaM ciThe jadamAse jadaM sye| . jadaM bhujejja bhAsejja evaM pAvaM Na bajjhai // -mUlAcAra 10.122 tulanIya kahaM care kaha ciTTe, kahamAse kaha saye / ... kahaM bhujato bhAsaMto, pAvaM kammaM na baMdhai / / -dezavakAlika 4.6

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( 25 ) jayaM care jayaM ciThe jayamAse jayaM saye / jayaM bhujaMto bhAsaMto pAvaM kammaM na baMdhai / / -dazavakAlika 4.7 tulanIya yataM care yataM tiThe yataM acche yataM saye / yataM sammijaye bhikkhU yatamenaM pasAraye // -itivRttaka 12, pR0 10 [kha] hattha-pAda paricchiNNaM kaNNaNAsaviyappiyaM / avivAsasa sadi NAri dUrido parivajjae / -17.102 tulanIya hatthapAyapaDicchinnaM kaNNaNAsavigappiyaM / / avi vAsasaiM nAri baMbhayArI vivjje|| -dazavakAlika 8.55 ( DaoNkTara e. ema. ghATage ne mUlAcAra aura dazavakAlika niyukti kI gAthAoM kI tulanA kI hai--dekhiye iNDiyana hisTorikala kvArTI, 1935 meM 'dazavaikAlika niyukti' nAmaka lekha) [ga] kundakundakRta bArasa-aNuvekkhA kI kitanI hI gAthAyeM mUlAcAra ke 8veM adhikAra 'dvAdazAnuprekSA' se milatI haiM, lekina isakA yaha artha nahIM ki ye gAthAyeM bArasa-aNuvekkhA se mUlAcAra meM lI gaI haiM / ye gAthAyeM paraMparAgata gAthAyeM haiM jinheM vaTTakera aura kundakunda donoM ne apanI racanAoM meM liyA hai| inameM kI pA~ca gAthAyeM anukrama se pUjyapAdakRta sarvArthasiddhi meM bhI saMgRhIta haiN| [ dekhiye-AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye, pravacanasAra iNTroDakzana, pR. 40) [gha] kundakunda kI bArasa-aNuvekkhA kI bhAMti unake niyamasAra kI aneka gAthAyeM bhI samAna rUpa se vaTTakera ke mUlAcAra meM pAI jAtI haiM / isa para se DaoN. phUlacanda jI jaina kA anumAna hai ki vaTTakera kundakunda ke pazcAtvartI the [pR. 17 ] / kintu jaisA kahA cukA hai, isase amuka granthakAra kA pUrvavartI aura pazcAt vartI honA siddha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa|

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mUlAcAra meM pAI jAne vAlI niyamasAra kI ina gAthAoM ko DaoNkTara e. ena. upAdhye ne paraMparAgata hI svIkAra kiyA hai ataeva amuka AcArya ke pUrvavartI aura uttaravartI hone kA prazna nahIM utthtaa| baTTakera aura kundakunda meM kauna pUrvavartI : yahA~ vaTTakera aura kundakunda meM kauna pUrvavartI aura kauna uttaravartI ? isa sambandha meM do zabda kaha denA anAvazyaka na hogA / sarvaprathama yaha bAta dhyAna dene yogya hai ki vaTTakera ne mUlAcAra meM kisI bhI prasaMga para kundakunda athavA unakI paramparA dvArA svIkRta kisI mAnyatA kA pratyakSa athavA parokSa rUpa se ullekha nahIM kiyA, jabaki unhoMne Avazyaka niyakti Adi siddhAnta granthoM tathA mAnyatAoM kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| isase patA calatA hai ki kundakunda kI racanAyeM vaTTakera ke samakSa nahIM thiiN| lagatA hai ki acelakatA evaM strImukti ke praznoM ko lekara digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAya meM jo tIvra matabheda ha A vaha baTTakera ke kAla taka nahIM huA thA, ataeva unhoMne ina praznoM ko lekara kahIM koI carcA karanA Avazyaka nahIM samajhA / AcArya kundakunda ne strI ko dIkSita hone taka kA niSedha kiyA hai| "vaha acelakatva dhAraNa karane ke ayogya hai kyoMki usakI zArIrika racanA hI isa prakAra kI hai| usakI yoni, stanAntara, nAbhi aura kakSapradeza sakSma jIvoM kI utpatti kA sthAna hai, usakA citta caMcala rahatA hai aura usameM apavitratA kA vAsa hai, use mAsikadharma hotA hai tathA vaha kisI bAta para ekAgratA se vicAra kara sakane meM asamartha hai" [ sutta pAhuDa, 22-25) / aura kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki acelakatva ko unhoMne mokSa prApti ke liye anivArya mAnA hai / vaTakera aura kandakanda dvArA pratipAdita SaDAvazyakoM ke nAma aura krama donoM meM jo bhinnatA hai, vaha bhI vicAraNIya hai / vaTTakera ke anusAra, sAmAyika, caviMzatistava, vaMdanA, pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna aura kAyotsarga ke nAma ginAye gaye haiM, jabaki kundakunda kramAnusAra pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna, AlocanA, kAyotsarga, sAmAyika aura paramabhakti kA ullekha karate haiM / kahA jA cukA hai ki jarmana vidvAn laoNyamAna ne vaTTakera ko kundakunda kA pUrvavartI svIkAra kiyA hai| paMDita phalacanda jI zAstrI ne apanI sarvArthasiddhi kI prastAvanA meM vaTTakera ko kundakunda ke samakAlIna hI mAnA hai

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( 27 ) [ DaoNkTara phUlacanda jaina, mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 35 ] unake uttaravartI nahIM / karma granthoM meM mUlAcAra kI gAyAyeM : siddhAnta granthoM kI bhA~ti karma granthoM meM bhI mUlAcAra kI gAthAyeM pAI jAtI haiM / vastuta: bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita siddhAnta kI bhA~ti karma sAhitya meM bhI sAmAnyatayA matavaibhinya kI guMjAyaza kama hI rahI hai / karmagrantha sambandhI racanAoM ke aneka nAma aise haiM jo digambara aura zvetAMbara AmnAya meM samAna hai / udAharaNArtha sayaga [ zataka ], sittari [saptatikA ], jIvasamAsa, kasA pAhuDa [ kaSAya prAbhRta ] paMca saMgaha [paMca saMgraha ] Adi nAma donoM sampradAyoM meM sAmAnya haiM / zvetAmbarIya paMcasaMgraha meM sayaga [ zataka ], sittari [ saptatikA ], kasAyapAhur3a [ kaSAya prAbhRta], chakamma [ satkarma ] aura kammapasi [karma prakRti ] - ina pA~ca granthoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai / vidita hai ki AcArya guNadhara kRta kasAyapAhur3a eka suprasiddha digaMbarIya racanA hai / siddhAMtAcArya paMDita kailAzacaMdra zAstrI jI ke anusAra, uparokta pA~ca granthoM meM se kasAyapAhuDa ko chor3akara zeSa cAra granthoM kA ullekha malayagirikRta TIkA meM milatA hai [jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, 1, pU. 352] / digaMbarIya paMca saMgraha jo karmastava, zataka aura saptatikA ke AdhAra se likhA gayA hai, usameM jIvasamAsa, prakRtisamutkIrtana, karmastava, zataka aura saptatikA sambandhI vivecana hai / zvetAmbarIya sayaga para racita laghucUrNI jaisI katipaya gAthAyeM digaMbarIya bhagavatI ArAdhanA, paMca saMgraha, gommaTasAra aura dravyasaMgraha ke samAna pAI jAtI haiM [ jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa 1, pR. 316-17; dekhine janadIcaMdra jaina, prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, saMzodhita saMskaraNa, 1985, pR0 290 22] / yahA~ vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai ki IsA kI 13vIM zatAbdI ke suprasiddha zvetAMbarIya vidvAn devendrasUri kRta pAMca karma granthoM kI gAthAoM meM baTTakerakRta mUlAcAra kI jo samAna gAthAyeM pAI jAtI haiM, unakI sUcI prophesara hIrAlAla rasikadAsa kApaDiyA kI racanA 'karma siddhAnta sambandhI sAhitya' [ mohanalAla jaina jJAnabhaMDAra, gopIpurA, sUrata, 1965) meM adhyAya 7, pR. 75-86 para prastuta kI gaI hai [ dekhiye prophesara candrabhAla tripAThI, sTrAsabarga kI jaina pAMDulipiyoM kA kaiTalAga, siriyala 104, pR. 104 ] | isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki isa prakAra kI 4

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( 28 ) gAthAyeM nigrantha dharma meM sAmAnya rUpa se mAnya thIM, digaMbaratva athavA zvetAMba ratva kI chApa una para nahIM lagI thI / mUlAcAra - eka mahatvapUrNa prAcIna kRti : mUlAcAra kA adhyayana hameM atIta ke usa chora kI ora le jAtA hai jaba nigrantha zramaNa saMskRti apane pairoM para khar3A honA sIkha rahI thI / prastuta zodha prabandha meM zramaNoM ke mUlaguNa, uttaraguNa, unakI AhAracaryA - bhikSAkAla, AhArAgamana-vidhi, AhAra zuddhi, AhAra sambandhI doSa, vihAracaryA - vihArayogya kSetra, rAtrivihAra kA niSedha, nadI Adi jalasthAnoM kI yAtrA, vasati, ekAkI bihAra kA niSedha, vyavahAracaryA, zramaNoM kA pArasparika vyavahAra, varSAvAsa, zramaNa saMgha - zramaNasaMgha kA svarUpa, saMgha kA mahattva, saMgha vyavasthA, saMgha ke AdhAra, cAturvaNya saMgha, anagAra bhAvanA ke dasa sUtra, anagAra ke prakAra; AryikAoM kI AcAra paddhati - catuvidha saMgha meM AryikAoM kA sthAna, AryikAoM kA veSa, AhArArthaM gamana-vidhi, AryikA aura zramaNa Adi viSayoM kA sAMgopAMga vivecana kiyA gayA hai / nizcaya hI yaha saba sAmagrI bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita nirgrantha paraMparA kA samAjazAstrIya, sAmAjika, sAMskRtika evaM manovaijJAnika adhyayana karane ke liye atyanta upayogI hai / 'mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana' nAmaka isa kRti ke lekhaka DaoN0 phUlacanda jaina premI ne mUla viSaya kA vivecana karate hue bIca-bIca meM mahattvapUrNa zvetAMbarIya granthoM ke tulanAtmaka uddharaNa prastuta kiye haiM, jisase grantha kI prAmANikatA bar3ha jAtI hai / AzA hai ve bhaviSya meM isa prakAra kI anya samIkSAtmaka racanAoM ko prastuta kara jainadharma ke prAcIna itihAsa ko ujAgara kareMge | 28 zivAjI pArka, bambaI- 28 10 jUna, 1988 pro0 DaoN0 jagadIzacandra jaina

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Preface I have pleasure in writing a few words by way of preface to 'A critical study of the Mulacara' in Hindi by Dr. Phool Chandra Jain. It is a Doctoral Dissertation approved for the Ph.D. Degree of Banaras Hindu University in the year 1977 and thoroughly revised by the author in the light of his study of the Jaina canonical literature during subsequent years. According to the traditional History of Jaina Sangha the sacred lore prescribing the way of life and code of conduct for an ascetic was comprising of sixteen thousand padas and was known as acaramga acceptable to the entire Jaina Samgha. It continued through oral tradition for a long time till it was reduced to writing. In the available canonical literature of the Jainas the first ardhamagadhi agama known as acaramga-sutra is accepted by the Svetambara sect. According to Digambara tradition the sixteen thousand padas of acaramga were concised and reduced to writing by vattakeri. This acaramga is now popularly known as the Mulacara . It prescribes a full cnde of conduct for a Jaina Sramana in twelve chapters compris. ing of 1252 Prakrit gathas. Each chapter in itself is as good as an independent compendium of the subject delt in it. It is significant that Hundreds of Prakrit gathas of this work are commonly found in many of the ardhamagadhi and sauraseni canonical texts with some what dialectical changes. Scholars have different opinion on this issue, Late Professor A. N. Upadhye and others are of the view that these are the heritage of the undevided main stream of the Jaina tradition and have been commonly recorded by various acaryas in their respective works. It is interesting to note that some gathas are peculiarly found in Pali canons as well. While studying such traditional heritage scepticism, prejudices and pretentions should be avoided and thorough investigations should be made to achieve fruitful results

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A Sramapa, well progressing in spiritual development becomes in a position to govern the external activities of his senses, mind and body as a whole. He may not allow his external eyes to see, let they may remain open, the ears to hear, the nose to smell and so on. He can remain without food and water as long as he so desires. He can remain without sleep. Even his body remains unaffected by weather and environment. In the coldest day, his body needs no clothing, in hotest and in rains no shelter. It is, what the Mahasramana Vardhamana Mahavira experimented for more then thirty years in his life and propounded his successful results of experiment for the welfare of humanity. He codified the Sramanacara and organised the sramana-samgha. The present work of Dr. Phool Chandra Jain is a welcome step in the field of study of Jaina monachism. He has elaboratly and analytically dealt with the contents of entire ancient Prakrit text of mulacara and thoroughly compared with other works belonging to both thc Jaina sects. Though some protions of the text have been studied by some German scholars, this is the first study of complete text. Detailed referencing from original sources, further substantiate the study and make it more authentic, I am sure, in coutinuation to the 'History of Jaina Monachism' by Praf. S.B. Deo, this work 'Malacara ka samiksatmaka adhayana' by Dr. Phool Chandra Jain will be considered a valuable further step in the field of the study of Indian inonachism in general and Jaina monachism in particular. I sincerely congratulate him for this study and hope, he will come forward with more masterpieces in coming years. Dr. Gokul Chandra Jain Head, Department of Prakrit & Jainagama S. Sanskrit Vishvavidyalaya Varanasi,

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viSaya-vIthi 14-16 prathama adhyAya : prAstAvika 1-45 1. prAstAvika 2. jaina AcAra viSayaka vAGmaya 3. mUlAcAra viSaya paricaya 4. mUlAcAra para upalabdha vyAkhyA sAhitya 5. mUlAcAra kI gAthA saMkhyA 6. AcArya kundakunda aura mUlAcAra : samAnatAyeM (ka) maMgalAcaraNagata samAnatA, (kha) viSayakathana kI pratijJA, (ga) viSayagata samAnatA, (gha) anya samAnatAyeM, (Ga) upasaMhAra viSayaka samAnatA 7. mUlAcAra aura kundakunda ke granthoM meM asamAnatA 8. mUlAcAra aura SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA 9. mUlAcAra aura tiloya-paNNatti 10. mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA 11. mUlAcAra aura sarvArthasiddhi 12. mUlAcAra aura gommaTasAra 13. mUlAcAra aura prabhAcandrAcArya 14. mUlAcAra tathA zvetAmbara grantha (ka) mUlAcAra aura Avazyaka niyukti, (kha) mUlA. cAra aura piNDa niyukti, (ga) mUlAcAra aura jIvasamAsa, (gha) mUlAcAra aura AturapratyAkhyAna 15. mUlAcAra kA kartRtva viSayaka vivAda (ka) kundakundAcAryakRta mAnane vAle AcArya aura vidvAn, (kha) mUlAcAra ko saMgraha grantha mAnane vAle, (ga) vaTTakerAcAryakRta mAnane vAle, (gha) samIkSA evaM niSkarSa 16. mUlAcAra kI maulikatA aura prAcInatA 17. AcAryavarya vadaTakera : vyaktitva aura kRtitva 24-29 30-39

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[ 2 ] 49 51 54-68 63-66 68-84 73 74-81 dvitIya adhyAya : mUlaguNa 49-157 1. mUlaguNa 2. mUlaguNa dhAraNa kI pRSThabhUmi 3. aTThAIsa mUlaguNa 4. vrata : paMca mahAvrata 1. hiMsA virati ( ahiMsA) 2. satya mahAvrata 3. adatta parivarjana ( acaurya) 4. brahmacarya 5. saMga vimukti ( aparigraha) 5. pA~ca mahAvratoM kI bhAvanAyeM 6. pAMca mahAvratoM kI paramparA " paramparA 7. samiti : 1. IryA samiti 2. bhASA samiti vacana ke cAra bheda (ka) satya (vacana) ke dasa bheda (kha) mRSA (asatya) vacana (ga) satyAsatya (mizra) (gha) asatyamRSA 3. eSaNA samiti 4. AdAna-nikSepaNa samiti 5. uccAraprasravaNa (pratiSThApanikA) samiti 8. indriya nirodha 9. indriya nirodha yA nigraha 1. cakSu indriya niroSa, 2. zrotrendriya nirodha, 3. ghrANe ndriya nirodha, 4. rasanendriya nirodha, 5. sparzanendriya nirodha 10. Avazyaka 11. Avazyaka ke chaha bheda 1. samatA (sAmAyika) (ka) sAmAyika ke chaha bheda (kha) dravya sAmAyika ke bhedoM kA cArTa 74 77 72 81 82 85-88 86 88-140

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100-114 102 102 103-109 107 114 115-121 (ga) sAmAyika karane kI vidhi aura samaya (cha) vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM ke tIrtha meM sAmAyika tathA chedopasthApanA cAritra 2. stava (caturvizati-stava) (ka) stava ke bheda (kha) stava kI vidhi 3. bandanA (ka) vandanA ke bheda (kha) vandanA kA samaya (ga) vandanA ke paryAyavAcI cAra nAma (gha) kRtikarma evaM isake nau adhikAra (Ga) kRtikarma (vandanA) meM niSiddha battIsa doSa (ca) vinayakarma (cha) vinayakarma ke pA~ca bheda (ja) vinayakarma ke bheda prabhedoM kA cArTa 4. pratikramaNa (ka) pratikramaNa ke aMga (kha) pratikramaNa ke do bheda (ga) kAlika AdhAra para pratikramaNa ke devasika Adi sAta bheda (gha) pratikramaNa kI vidhi (Ga) pratikramaNa kI paramparA (ca) dasa muNDa 5. pratyAkhyAna (ka) pratyAkhyAna ke tIna aMga (kha) pratyAkhyAna ke bheda (ga) mUlaguNa pratyAkhyAna (gha) uttaraguNa pratyAkhyAna evaM isake bheda (Ga) Avazyaka niyukti dIpikA meM varNita pratyAsyAna ke bheda-prabheda (ca) pratyAkhyAna ke bhedoM kA cArTa (cha) pratyAkhyAna kI vidhi 115 116 118 120 121 121-127 122 123 124 124 125 126 127

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128-140 129 132 135 138 140-157 141 143 144 148 152 154 155 6. kAyotsarga (ka) kAyotsarga ke bheda (kha) kAyotsarga kI vidhi : kAyotsarga ke aMga (ga) kAyotsarga kA kAlamAna (gha) kAyotsarga ke lAbha (Ga) kAyotsarga meM niSiddha battIsa doSa 12. zeSa sAta mUlaguNa 1. loca kezaloca kI vidhi 2. Acelakya 3. asnAna 4. kSitizayana 5. adantagharSaNa 6. sthita bhojana 7. ekabhakta 13. upasaMhAra tRtIya adhyAya : uttaraguNa 161-239 1. uttaraguNa : svarUpa 2. uttaraguNa ke bheda 3. zIla ke aTThAraha hajAra bheda 4. caurAsI lAkha guNoM kI utpatti kA kAraNa krama 5. tapa 6. tapa kA svarUpa aura mahattva 7. tapa ke bheda : bAhya aura Abhyantara 8. bAhyatapa evaM isake chaha bheda 1. anazana (ka) anazana tapa ke bheda (kha) itvarika anazana tapa (ga) yAvajjIvana anazana tapa evaM isake bheda (gha) bhakta pratyAkhyAna (Ga) bhakta pratyAkhyAna ke cAlIsa adhikAra sUtrapada 161 162 162-163 165-213 168 169 170-177 171 172 173 174

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iMginI maraNa (cha) prAyopagamanamaraNa 2. avamaudarya tapa: svarUpa aura bheda 3. rasaparityAga tapa 4. vRttiparisaMkhyAna tapa 5. kAyakleza tapa 9. Abhyantara tapa kAyakleza tapa ke bheda (ka) gamanayoga, (kha) sthAnayoga, (ga) Asanayoga, (gha) zayanayoga, (Ga) aparikarmayoga 6. viviktazayanAsana tapa 1. prAyazcitta tapa prAyazcitta tapa ke dasa bheda [5] 2. vinaya tapa vinaya tapa ke pA~ca bheda 3. vaiyAvRttya tapa (ka) vaiyAvRtya tapa ke dasa bheda (kha) vaiyAvRttya ke cAra kAraNa 4. svAdhyAya tapa 1. AlocanA evaM isake dasa doSa 2 pratikramaNa, 3. tadubhaya, 4. viveka, 5. vyutsarga 6. tapa, 7. cheda, 8. mUla, 9. parihAra 10. zraddhAna. 190 - 191 5. dhyAna tapa (ka) dhyAna ke bheda (kha) aprazasta dhyAna (ka) svAdhyAya ke pAMca bheda (kha) svAdhyAya meM kAla evaM dizA zuddhi Adi kA mahattva 1. ArtaSyAna AtaMdhyAna ke cAra bheda (ga) prazasta dhyAna 2. raudradhyAna evaM isake bheda 175 176 177-178 178 179 180-183 183 186-213 186-191 187 188 191 192 192 193 196 196-201 197 198 201 201 203 203 204 204 - 205 205 1

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214 1. dharmadhyAna 205 (ka) dharmadhyAna ke Alambana 205 (kha) dharmadhyAna ke bheda 206 1. AjJA vicaya, 2. apAya vicaya, 3. vipAkavicaya, 4. saMsthAna vicaya (ga) saMsthAna vicaya ke cAra bheda 207 piNDastha, padastha, rUpastha, rUpAtIta 2. zukla dhyAna 207-212 zukladhyAna ke cAra bheda 208 1. pRthaktvavitarka vIcAra, 2. ekatvavitarka vIcAra 3. sUkSmakriyApratipAti, 4. samucchinnakriyA nivarti 6. vyutsarga tapa 212 vyutsarga tapa ke bheda 213 10. parISaha-kSamaNa ( parISahajaya ) parISaha ke bAIsa bheda 215 11. paJcAcAra : AcAra ke bheda 217 1. darzanAcAra : darzanAcAra ke ATha prakAra 217-220 1. niHzaMkita, 2. niHkAMkSita, 3. nivicikitsA 4. amUr3hadRSTi, 5. uphgUhana, 6. sthitikaraNa, 7. vAtsalya, 8. prabhAvanA 2. jJAnAcAra : jJAnAcAra ke ATha bheda 220-222 1. kAla, 2. vinaya, 3. upadhyAna, 4. bahumAna, 5. anilava, 6. vyaMjana 7. artha, 8. tadubhaya 3. cAritrAcAra : aSTa pravacanamAtA 222 tIna gupti 223 4. tapAcAra : tapAcAra ke bheda 223 5. vIryAcAra : (ka) prANisaMyama, (kha) indriyasaMyama 224-225 12. dasa dharma: 225-230 1. kSAnti ( kSamA ), 2. mAdava, 3. Ajava, 4. lAghava, 5. tapa, 6. saMyama, 7. AkiMcanya, 8. brahmacarya, 9. satya, 10. tyAga

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[ 7 ] 13. anuprekSA : dvAdaza anuprekSAyeM 230-237 1. adhruva 2. azaraNa 3. ekatva 4. anyatva 5. saMsAra 6. loka 7. azuci 8. Asrava 9. saMvara 10. nirjarA 11. dharma 12. bodhidurlabha 14. zIla : zIla ke aThAraha hajAra bheda 238-239 caturtha adhyAya : AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra : 243-350 1. AhAracaryA 244-282 1. AhAra : svarUpa aura bheda 245 2. AhAra grahaNa kA uddezya 247 3. AhAra grahaNa aura tyAga ke kAraNa 248 4. bhikSA (AhAra) caryA ke nAma 249-252 1. udarAgni prazamana, 2. akSamRkSaNa, 3. zvabhrapUraNa, 4. gocarI, 5. bhrAmarI 5. AhAra kA samaya : 252-253 (ka) bhikSAkAla, (kha) bubhukSAkAla, (ga) avanahakAla 6 AhArArtha gamana-vidhi 254-256 7. saMkalpa (abhigraha) pUrvaka gamana kA vidhAna 256-258 8. AhAra grahaNa ke yogya ghara 259 9. AhAra zuddhi 261 10. AhAra ke battIsa antarAya 264 11. AhAra grahaNa vidhi 266 12. AhAra kI mAtrA 267 13. AhAra (piMDa) sambandhI doSa 269-271 1. udgamadoSa, 2, utpAdana doSa, 3. eSaNA doSa 4. saMyojanA doSa, 5. pramANa doSa, 6. iMgAla doSa 7. dhUmadoSa, 8. karaNa doSa tathA adhaHkarmadoSa 14. AhAra doSoM ke chayAlisa bheda : 271-282 (ka) udgamadoSa ke solaha prakAra 271-275 (kha) utpAdana doSa ke solaha bheda 275-278 (ga) eSaNA viSayaka dasa doSa 278-279 (gha) saMyojanA ke cAra doSa 280

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[ 8 ] 283-299 284 285 286 287 288 288 290 291 292 294 296 297 298 300-350 2. vihAracaryA 1. vihAra caryA kA mahattva 2 vihArazIla zramaNa ke bhAva aura kartavya 3. vihAra yogya kSetra tathA mArga 4. gamanayoga meM apekSita sAvadhAnI 5. rAtri vihAra kA niSedha 6. nadI Adi jalasthAnoM meM praveza tathA nAva-yAtrA 7. zramaNoM ke Thaharane yogya sthAna-vasatikA 8. Thaharane ke ayogya (varjanIya) kSetra 9. vasatikA meM praveza aura bahirgamana kI vidhi 10. ekAkI vihAra aura usakA niSedha 11. ekAkI vihAra kA niSedha kyoM ? 12. ekala vihArI kauna ? 13. upasaMhAra 3. vyavahAra 1. zramaNa kA jIvana-vyavahAra 2. sAmAnya vyavahAra 3. samyak-AcAra (samAcAra) : audhika aura padavibhAgI 4. audhika ke dasa bheda 1. icchAkAra, 2. mithyAkAra, 3. tathAkAra, 4. AsikA, 5. niSedhikA, 6. ApRcchA, 8. chandana 9. nimantraNA, 10. upasaMpat 5. zramaNoM ke paraspara vyavahAra 6. vaiyAvRttya sambandhI vyavahAra 7. vandanA sambandhI paraspara vyavahAra 8. vandanA (vinaya) kI vidhi 9. kaba vandanA na kareM? 1... niSiddha vyavahAra 11. niSiddha vacana vyavahAra 12. anya niSiddha vyavahAra 13. rAtri mauna 14. prAyazcitta sambandho vyavahAra 302 305 305-311 311 314 317 mr m m m mr m mur 319 320 321 323 25

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3 [ 9 ] 15. vyavahAra ke pA~ca bheda : 326-330 Agama, zruta, AjJA, dhAraNA aura jIta 16. zramaNa aura gRhastha tathA unake paraspara sambandha 330 17. zrAvaka dvArA AhAradAna 332 18. zramaNa ke sthitikalpa 334 (ka) kalpa ke do bheda : 1. jinakalpa, 2. sthavirakalpa 335 (kha) dasa sthitikalpa 337-344 19. varSAvAsa 344 (ka) varSAvAsa kA aucitya (kha) varSAyoga grahaNa evaM usakI samApti vidhi (ga) varSAvAsa kA samaya 347 (gha) varSAvAsa ke yogya sthAna 348 (Ga) varSAvAsa meM bhI vihAra karane ke kAraNa 349 paMcama adhyAya : zramaNa saMgha 353-434 1. zramaNa saMgha : svarUpa 353 2. saMgha kI mahattA 354 3. saMgha vyavasthA ke AdhAra 4. saMgha ke AdhAra 357 5. AcArya 357-381 (ka) AcArya kA svarUpa (kha) AcArya ke viziSTa guNa (ga) AcAravattva Adi ATha guNa 362 (gha) AcArya kI gaNi sampadAyeM (Ga) uttarAdhikArI AcArya (ca) uttarAdhikArI kI niyukti vidhi 365 (cha) navaniyukta AcArya ko udbodhana 366 (ja) gaNa, gaccha kula aura inake pramukha 368-371 1. gaNa aura usake pramukha 2. gaccha aura usake pramukha 3. kula aura usake pramukha 370 (jha) elAcArya 371 (ma) niryApakAcArya 371 368

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6. upAdhyAya pravartaka 8. sthavira 7. 9. gaNadhara 10. cAturvarNya saMgha [ 10 ] (ka) RSi, (kha) muni ( ga ) yati (gha) anagAra 11. anagAra bhAvanA ke dasa sUtra 12. anagAra ke paryAyavAcI dasa nAma 13. zramaNa (ka) zramaNa jIvana meM vairAgya kI mahattA (kha) zramaNa ke prakAra 14. saMyata 15. sAdhu 16. vItarAga, bhadanta, dAnta 17. bhikSu 18. yogI 19. muNDa 20. nigrantha 21. nirgrantha ke bheda : 1. pulAka, 2. bakuza, 3. kuzIla, 4. nirgrantha, 5. snAtaka 22. Agantuka zramaNa : svarUpa; uddezya evaM vidhi 23. paragaNastha zramaNa evaM AcArya ke karttavya 24. Agantuka zramaNa kI parIkSA 25. paragaNa meM Agantuka zramaNa ke kartavya 26. pApazramaNa 27. pApazramaNa ke pA~ca bheda : 1. pArzvastha, 2. kuzIla, 3. saMsakta, 4. avasanna, 5. mRgacaritra 28. kalpa- parimaMthu sAghu 29. zramaNa ke upakaraNa (ka) saMyamopakaraNa ( picchikA ) (kha) zaucopakaraNa ( kamaNDalu ) (ga) jJAnopakaraNa (gha) anya upakaraNa 372 374 374 375 376 376-378 379 - 384 384 384 385 387 388 388 390 391 392 393 393 394 395-402 398 399 401 4.2 404-406 406 408-414 409 412 413 413

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[ 11 ] 30. zramaNa saMgha : eka punarAvalokana 31. zramaNa saMgha : parivartana kI dizA 1. saMgha, 2. gaNa, 3. gaccha, 4 anvaya AryikAoM kI AcAra paddhati 3. ratnatraya 1. caturvidha saMgha meM AryikAoM kA sthAna 2. upacAra se mahAvrata hone ke kAraNa tadbhava mokSa nahIM 3. AryikA ke lie prayukta zabda 4. AryikAoM kA veSa 5. vasatikA 6. samAcAra : vihita evaM niSiddha 7. AhArArtha gamana vidhi 8. svAdhyAya sambandhI vidhAna 9. vaMdanA - vinaya sambandhI vyavahAra 10. AryikA aura zramaNa : paraspara sambandhoM kI maryAdA 11. AryikAoM ke gaNadhara 12. AryikA saMgha 13. gaNinI ( pradhAna ) - AryikA 14. bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha 1. jaina siddhAnta 2. loka svarUpa vimarza (ka) adholoka (kha) madhyaloka (ga) urdhvaloka SaSTha adhyAya : jaina siddhAnta 1. samyagdarzana (ka) samyagdarzana kI mahattA (kha) samyagdarzana ke bheda 2. samyagjJAna samyagjJAna ke pA~ca bheda 1. matijJAna, 2. zrutajJAna, 3. avadhijJAna, 4. mana:paryayajJAna 5. kevalajJAna 414 415 416 417 418 421 421 424 425 426 427 427 428 430 432 433 434 435-525 435 437 439 439 * 443 445 446 44. 448-450

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3. samyak cAritra samyakcAritra ke bheda 1. sAmAyika, 2. chedopasthApana, 3. parihAravizuddhi, 4. sUkSma sAmparAya, 5. yathAkhyAta 4 guNasthAna 5. lezyA asaMyata 1. mithyAdRSTi, 2. sAsAdana samyagdRSTi, 3. mizra, 4, ( avirata ) samyagdRSTi, 5. dezavirata, 6. pramattasaMyata, 7. apramattasaMyata, 8. apUrvakaraNa, 9. anivRttikaraNa, 10. sUkSmasAmparAya, 11. upazAnta - kaSAya, 12. kSINamoha, 13. sayogakevalI, 14. ayogakevalI, (ka) lezyA kA svarUpa (kha) lezyA ke bheda (ga) varNa aura rasa kI apekSA dravyalezyA ke chaha bheda (gha) bhAvalezyA kI dRSTi se jIva ke svabhAva aura vicAra (Ga) lezyA - vRkSa kA udAharaNa (ca) jIvoM meM lezyA kA sadbhAva (cha) lezyA - vizuddhi kA upakrama 6. dravyasvarUpa vimarza [ 12 ] (ka) dravya kI paribhASA (kha) dravya ke bheda 1. jIvadravya, ajIva dravya ajIva dravya ke bheda : rUpI, arUpI chaha dravya 2. pudgala dravya pudgala dravya kI paryAyeM 1. zabda, 2. bandha, 3. sUkSmatva, 4. sthUlatva, 5. saMsthAna, 6. bheda, 7. tama, 8. chAyA, 9. Atapa, 10. udyota 3. dharmadravya 4. adharmaM dravya 450 452 453-462 462-468 462 463 464 465 466 466 468 468-476 468 470 471 471 471 472 472 473 474 475

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475 475 476 478 479 480 481 481 481 482 5. AkAza dravya 6. kAla dravya (ga) dravya ke guNa 7. nava padArtha 1. jIva svarUpa vimarza jIva ke bheda : saMsArI aura mukta saMsArI jIva ke bheda : 1. sthAvara jIva 1. pRthvI : pRthvI ke chattIsa bheda 2. jala 3. tejas 4. vAyu 5. vanaspati (ka) pratyeka-kAya vanaspati (kha) ananta (sAdhAraNa) kAya vanaspati (ga) pratyeka vanaspati ke do bheda (gha) mUlabIja Adi dasa prakAra ke vanaspati (Ga) vanaspati jAti ke do prakAra 1. bIjodbhava 2. sammUchima (ca) vanaspati ke vAcaka zabda (cha) bAdarakAyika aura sUkSmakAyika vanaspati (ja) vanaspati kAya sambandhI jaina mAnyatAyeM aura Adhunika vijJAna 2. trasa jIva evaM unakA svarUpa prasa jIvoM ke utpatti sthAna 8. nigoda jIva dravya vibhAga (cArTa) jIvoM ke kula 9. prANa (ka) svarUpa, (kha) prANa ke bheda (ga) kina jIvoM meM kitane prANa (gha) prANa aura paryApti 10. Ayu : ekendriya se paMcendriya jIvoM kI Ayu kA cArTa 482 483 485 485 486 486 487 488 489 492 493 493 493 494 494

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499 m m w m l lms 11. yoni : yoni ke bheda 12. veda 497 13. paryApti 497 (ka) paryApti ke bheda 498 1. AhAra, 2. zarIra, 3. indriya, 4. AnaprANa 5. bhASA, 6. manaH (kha) paryAptiyoM ke svAmI (ga) paryAptaka-aparyAptaka 499 (gha) paryAptiyoM kI pUrNatA kA kAlamAna 499 14. saMsthAna : saMsthAna ke chaha bheda 15. pravIcAra 16. jIvasamAsa (ka) jIvasamAsa ke caudaha bheda (kha) caturgatiyoM meM jIvasamAsa 503 (ga) lezyAoM meM jIvasamAsa 17. mArgaNA 504 (ka) mArgaNA kA svarUpa : mArgaNA ke cAra adhikAra 504 (kha) mArgaNA ke caudaha bheda 504-507 1. gati, 2. indriya, 3. kAya, 4. yoga, 5. veda, 6. kaSAya, 7. jJAna, 8. saMyama, 9. darzana, 10. lezyA, 11. bhavya, 12. samyaktva, 13. saMjJI, 14 AhAra 18. ajIva 508 19. puNya aura pApa 508 20. Asrava : Asrava ke bheda 510 21. bandha 511 (ka) bandha kI paribhASA (kha) bandha ke kAraNa (ga) bandha ke bheda 512 1. prakRti bandha, 2. sthitibandha, 3. anubhAga bandha, 4. pradezabaMdha (gha) karma kI dasa avasthAyeM 514 (Da) aSTavidha karma 515 511 511

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[ 15 ] (ca) karma svarUpa vimarza 516 (cha) karmabaMdha kI prakiyA 517 (ja) karma ke ATha bhedoM kA svarUpa 518-521 1. jJAnAvaraNa, 2. darzanAvaraNa, 3. vedanIya, 4. mohanIya 5. Ayu, 6. nAma, 7. gotra, 8. antarAya, (jha) ghAtiyA karma, adhAtiyA karma 521 (ba) karma siddhAnta aura sRSTi prakriyA 522 22. saMvara 23. nirjarA 523 24. mokSa 523 25. upasaMhAra 524 sahAyaka prantha sUcI 526 l 522 sy

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prathama adhyAya prAstAvika zramaNa saMskRti bhArata kI prAcInatama saMskRtiyoM meM se hai / yaha purUSArthamUlaka hai| isakI cintana dhArA mUlataH AdhyAtmika hai / AdhyAtma ke dharAtala para jIvana kA carama vikAsa zramaNa saMskRti kA antima lakSya hai / jIvana kA lakSya sacce sukha kI prApti hai| yaha sukha svAtaMtrya meM hI sambhava hai / karmabandhana yukta saMsArI jIva isakI pahacAna nahIM kara paataa| vaha indriyajanya sukhoM ko vAstavika sukha mAna letA hai| zramaNa saMskRti vyakti ko isa bheda-vijJAna kA darzana karAkara use niHzreyas ke mArga para calane ke lie pravRtta karatI hai| niHzreyas kI prApti ratnatrayAtmaka mArga para calakara sambhava hai| samyakdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra apanI samagratA meM isa ratnatraya mArga kA nirmANa karate haiN| prAcIna kAla se lekara zramaNadhArA ke pratyeka sAdhaka ne sarvaprathama svayaM ke jIvana meM isa ratnatrayAtmaka mokSamArga kA anuzaraNa kiyA aura apanI sAdhanA kI upalabdhiyoM ke anantara isI mokSamArga kA pratipAdana kiyaa| isase jo AcAra saMhitA nirmita huI vaha zramaNa paramparA kI eka samagra AcAra saMhitA banI, jisameM gRhastha ke jIvana se lekara nirvANa prApti taka kI sAdhanA aura usake upayukta AcAra-sambandhI niyama-upaniyama Adi kA vidhAna kiyA gayA / __ AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie AcAra kI prathama sIr3hI sammattaM, sammAdiThThi yA samyagdarzana hai / binA isake jJAna vikAsa kA sAdhaka nahIM ho sakatA aura sAdhanA bhI samyak nahIM ho sakatI / isIlie zrAvaka aura zramaNa donoM ke lie samyagdarzana anivArya rUpa se Avazyaka hai / usake bAda jJAna svataH vikAsonmukhI ho jAtA hai / kintu jJAna kI samagratA sAdhanA ke binA sambhava nhiiN| isalie 'NANassa sAraM AyAro' tathA 'cAritraM khalu dhammo" kahakara AcAra yA cAritra evaM tapazcaraNa ko vizeSa rUpa se Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| samyagdRSTi-vyakti AcAramArga meM pravRtta hone ke lie kramazaH zrAvaka evaM zramaNa ke AcAra ko svIkAra karatA hai athavA sAmarthya ke anusAra zramaNa dharma svIkAra kara letA hai| zrAvaka aura zramaNa ke AcAra kA svatantra rUpa se vistRta vivecana karake jaina manISiyoM ne jIvana ke samagra vikAsa ke lie svataMtra rUpa se AcAra saMhitAoM kA nirmANa kara diyA / vibhinna yugoM meM deza, kAla aura paristhitiyoM ke anukUla niyamopaniyamoM meM vikAsa bhI huA hai tathApi samyak cAritra kA mUla lakSya AdhyAtmika vikAsa karate hue mukti prApta karanA hI rahA hai / jaina vAGmaya kI vipulatA zramaNa saMskRti ke amara gAyaka aura unnAyaka jainAcAryoM ne apane zreSTha

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2: mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sAhitya ke mAdhyama se bhAratIya sAhitya evaM cintana ke utkarSa meM abhivRddhi kara use gaurava ke zikhara para baiThAne meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAI hai / sva-para-kalyANa hetu saMyama mArga para calate hue unhoMne prAyaH sabhI bhASAoM evaM sabhI vidhAoMjaise ucca-tattvajJAna, vijJAna, dharma-darzana, sAhitya, saMgIta, itihAsa, purANa, mahApuruSoM ke caritra, kalA, kAvya, gaNita, Ayurveda, jyotiSa, vyAkaraNa, koza aura bahumUlya vyAvahArika, naitika evaM AdhyAtmika jIvana kI paddhatiyoM se sambandhita vipula vAGmaya kA sRjana karake apane jIvana ko sArthaka kiyA hai / apane deza ke hI nahIM apitu vizva ke ve sabhI manISI jo isa jaina sAhitya kA gaharAI se avalokana karate haiM, ve jainAcAryoM ke isa samujjvala evaM samunnata jJAna, adbhuta pratibhA ke samakSa natamastaka hue binA nahIM rahate / unakA mAnanA hai ki sampUrNa bhAratIya saMskRti, sabhyatA, dharma-darzana, samAja, artha evaM rAjanIti tathA AcAra Adi vibhinna vidhAoM kA sampUrNa jJAna jaina sAhitya ke adhyayana ke binA adhUrA hai| viSaya kI dRSTi se sampUrNa jaina sAhitya ko cAra anuyogoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai-1. prathamAnuyoga ke antargata mahApuruSoM ke caritra se sambandhita grantha, 2. karaNAnayoga meM loka-aloka kA vibhAga tathA cAroM gatiyoM kA svarUpa Adi kA pratipAdana karane vAle samasta granthoM kA samAveza hai| 3. caraNAnuyoga meM dezacAritra aura sakala cAritra arthAt zrAvakoM evaM muniyoM ke cAritra (AcAra) kA pratipAdana karane vAle grantha tathA 4. dravyAnuyoga ke antargata sAta tattva, puNya, pApa aura chaha dravyoM Adi kA pratipAdana karane vAle AdhyAtmika, dArzanika evaM tatvajJAna se sambandhita granthoM kA samAveza hai| mulAcAra - ina cAroM anuyogoM meM yahA~ caraNAnuyoga ke antargata zramaNAcAra se sambandhita usa 'mUlAcAra' nAmaka ati prAcIna grantha kA adhyayana prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai, jise digambara paramparA meM 'AcArAMga' nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| zaurasenI, ardhamAgadhI saMskRta evaM apabhraMza Adi prAcIna bhAratIya bhASAoM meM AcAra-viSayaka kAphI sAhitya upalabdha hai / jaise digambara paramparA meM bhagavatI ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra, pavayaNasAra, aThThapAhuDa, rayaNasAra, anagAra dharmAmRta, cAritrasAra, AcArasAra Adi tathA zvetAmbara paramparA meM AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavakAlika Adi aneka AcAra viSayaka viziSTa grantha upalabdha haiM / digambara paramparA ke zrImad vaTTakerAcArya praNIta evaM jaina zaurasenI prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha isa mUlAcAra nAmaka mUla grantha meM zramaNa-nirgranthoM kI AcAra saMhitA kA ati suvyavasthita, vistRta evaM sAMgopAMga vivecana milatA hai / yahA~ vidhi

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prAstAvika : 3 niSedhaparaka AcAra kA prarUpaNa bhale hI kaThora evaM lokottara sA pratIta ho, kintu itanA vyavasthita, zAstrIya evaM sahaja nirvacana anya sAdhvAcAraparaka granthoM meM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| viSaya paricaya mUlAcAra meM bAraha adhikAra haiM / jinameM kula milAkara 1252 gAthAe~ haiM / isake bAraha adhikAra isa krama se haiM : mUlaguNa, bRhatpratyAkhyAna-saMstarastava, saMkSepa-pratyAkhyAna, samAcAra, paMcAcAra, piNDazuddhi, SaDAvazyaka, dvAdazAnuprekSA, anagAra-bhAvanA, samayasAra, zIlaguNa aura paryApti / pratyeka adhikAra ke pratipAdya viSayoM kA saMkSipta paricaya prastuta hai : 1. mUlaguNAdhikAra : isameM chattIsa gAthAeM haiN| sarvaprathama maMgalAcaraNa pUrvaka viSaya pratipAdana kI ghoSaNA kI gaI hai tathA zramaNoM ke aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara pA~ca mahAvrata, pA~ca samiti, paMcendriya nirodha, SaDAvazyaka, loca, acelakatva, asnAna, kSitizayana, adantadhAvana, sthitabhojana aura ekabhakta-ina aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM kI sArabhUta paribhASAe~ prastuta kI gaI haiM / acelakatva mUlaguNa ke antargata zarIra Dhakane ke lie vastra, ajina (camar3A), valkala, tRNa, patte, AbhUSaNa Adi ke dhAraNa kA niSedha karake nirgrantha (nagna) veza dhAraNa karane ko acelakatva kahA hai / mulaguNoM ke pAlana se milane vAle mokSaphala ke kayana ke bAda adhikAra kI samApti kI gayI hai| 2. vRhatpratyAkhyAna-saMstarastava adhikAra : isameM kula ikahattara gAthAe~ haiM, jinameM zramaNa ko sabhI pApoM kA tyAgakara mRtyu ke samaya darzana Adi cAra ArAdhanAoM meM sthira rahane, kSudhAtRSA Adi pariSahoM ko samatA bhAva se sahane tathA niSkaSAya hokara prANa tyAga karane kA upadeza hai / pratyAkhyAna vidhi batAte hue pratyAkhyAna karane vAle ke mukha se kahalAyA gayA hai ki jo kucha merI pApakriyA hai usa sabakA mana, vacana, kAya se tyAga karatA hU~ aura samatAbhAva rUpa nirvikalpa evaM nirdoSa sAmAyika karatA huuN| saba tRSNAoM ko chor3akara maiM samAdhibhAva aMgIkAra karatA huuN| saba jIvoM ke prati merA kSamA-bhAva hai tathA saba jIva mere Upara kSamAbhAva kreN| merA saba prANiyoM para maitrI bhAva hai, kisI se bhI merA vaira nahIM hai / isake atirikta cAra saMjJAoM, taitIsa AsAdanAoM, zramaNa kI manobhAvanAoM ke varNana ke sAtha-sAtha maraNa ke bheda yathA maraNa-samaya NamokAra mantra ke cintana Adi ke karane kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / 3. saMkSepapratyAkhyAnAdhikAra : caudaha gAthAoM vAle isa adhikAra meM vyAghrAdi-janya Akasmika mRtyu ke upasthita hone para pAMca pApoM ke tyAga pUrvaka

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4 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sAmAyika samAdhi dhAraNa karake sarvaAhAra, kaSAya aura mamatva bhAva ke tyAgapUrvaka zarIra tyAga kI preraNA dI hai| pratyAkhyAna, ArAdhanAphala, paMDitamaraNa, samAdhimaraNa tathA janma evaM mRtyu kA bhaya Adi viSayoM kA varNana karake anta meM dasa prakAra ke muNDoM ke ullekhapUrvaka adhikAra kI samApti kI gayI hai / 4. samAcArAdhikAra : isakI 76 gAthAoM meM vividha samAcAra kA acchA vivecana hai / samAcAra zabda ke cAra artha batAyeM hai-rAgadvaSa se rahita samatA kA bhAva, aticArarahita malaguNoM kA anuSThAna, samasta zramaNoM kA samAna tathA hiMsA rahita AcaraNa evaM sabhI kSetroM meM hAni-lAbharahita kAyotsargAdi ke pariNAma rUpa AcaraNa / samAcAra ke lakSaNa batAkara audhika evaM padavibhAgI ye do samAcAra ke bheda kiye haiN| audhika samAcAra ke icchAkAra, mithyAkAra, tathAkAra, AsikA niSedhikA. ApRcchA, pratipRcchA, chandana, sanimantraNa aura upasampata-ina dasa bhedoM kA tathA padavibhAgI samAcAra kA vistRta varNana hai / ucca jJAna prApti ke nimitta ziSya-zramaNa ko apane gaNa se dUsare gaNa evaM usake AcArya ke pAsa kisa vidhi se jAnA cAhiye isakA acchA varNana karake ekAkI evaM svacchanda vihAra kI sambhAvya hAniyoM kA varNana tathA niSedha kiyA hai / AcArya, upAdhyAya, pravartaka, sthavira aura gaNadhara ye pA~ca AdhAra jahA~ na hoM vahA~ rahanA ucita nahIM hai / isI prasaMga meM AcArya ke guNoM kA bhI kathana kiyA hai / isa adhikAra kA mahattvapUrNa aMza paragaNa se svagaNa meM Agantuka zramaNoM kA kisa prakAra svAgata unakI parIkSA tathA unakA sahayoga kiyA jAtA hai ina sabakA bahuta hI spaSTa aura sundara citraNa hai| AyikAoM kA saMkSipta AcAra, zramaNa aura AyikAoM ke pArasparika sambandhoM tathA AryikA ko dIkSA, upadeza karane vAle aneka guNa-dharmoM se yukta gaNadhara evaM unakI vizeSatAoM kA varNana hai / AryikAoM ke samAcAra ke antargata eka dUsare ke anukUla rahane, abhirakSaNa kA bhAva rakhane, lajjA evaM maryAdA kA pAlana karane tathA mAyA, roSa evaM vaira jaise bhAvoM se mukta rahane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| 5. paMcAcArAdhikAra : isa adhikAra kI do sau bAIsa gAthAoM meM darzana, jJAna, cAritra tapa aura vIrya-ina paMcAcAroM kA bheda-prabhedoM dvArA vistRta pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| darzanAcAra ke antargata jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ina nava padArthoM kA varNana hai / ina nava padArthoM meM jIva tatva ke saMsArI aura mukta ye do bheda kiye gaye haiN| inameM saMsArI jIva ke pRthvIkAyika, apkAyika, agnikAyika, vAyukAyika, vanaspatikAyika tathA trasa ina chaha bhedoM kA bhedopabheda pUrvaka vistRta pratipAdana hai| jIva ke bAda ajIva

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prAstAvika : 5 Adi padArthoM kA vizad varNana kiyA gayA hai / rAtribhojana tyAga, pA~ca samiti, gupti, tapa, dhyAna, svAdhyAya, Adi viSayoM kA vistRta svarUpa kathana tathA inakA pAlana karane se hone vAle lAbhoM kA bhI vivecana hai / prasaMgavaza gaNadhara, pratyekabuddha, zrutakevalI athavA abhinnadazapUrvI dvArA kathita granthoM ko sUtra kahA hai / saMgraha, ArAdhanA niyukti, maraNavibhakti, stuti, pratyAkhyAna, Avazyaka aura dharmakathA Adi jaina sUtra granthoM tathA Rgveda, sAmaveda, Adi veda zAstroM, kauTilya, AsurakSa, mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa Adi granthoM evaM raktapaTa, caraka, tApasa, parivrAjaka Adi ke nAmoM kA ullekha milatA hai / 6. piNDazaddhi-adhikAra : isameM terAsI gAthAe~ haiM / zramaNoM ke piNDaiSaNA (AhAra) se sambandhita sabhI niyamoM kI vizad mImAMsA kI gayI hai / udgama, utpAdana, eSaNA, saMyojana, pramANa, iGgAla, dhUma aura kAraNa ina ATha doSoM se rahita AhAra zuddhi kA, AhAra tyAga ke kAraNa, AhAra grahaNa ke uddezya, dAtA ke guNa, caudaha mala, AhAra grahaNa kI vidhi aura mAtrA tathA AhAra ke antarAya Adi AhAra caryA se sambandhita sabhI viSayoM kA vistRta vivecana hai / 7. SaDAvazyaka-adhikAra : eka sau terAnave gAthAoM ke isa adhikAra ko Avazyaka niyukti nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai tathA isakA prArambha paMca namaskAra maMtra kI nirukti pUrvaka huA hai / arhanta, jina, AcArya, sAdhu, uttama Adi zabdoM kI bhI nirukti pUrvaka vyAkhyA kI gaI hai / arhanta, pada kI nirukti mahattvapUrNa hai / sarvasAdhu ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki jo sadA mokSa kI kAmanA se mUlaguNoM ko dhAraNa kiye rahatA hai tathA sabhI jIvoM meM samatA bhAva rakhatA hai vaha sarvasAdhu hai / sAmAyika, stava, vaMdana, pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna aura kAyotsargaina chaha AvazyakoM kA nirukti evaM bhedapUrvaka vistRta vivecana hai / sAmAyika ke vivecana ke prasaMga meM kahA hai : saba kAmoM meM rAga-dveSa rahita hokara samabhAva va dvAdazAMga sUtroM meM zraddhAna karanA uttama sAmAyika hai| loka, dharma, tIrtha, bhakti, vinaya, kRtikarma, avanati, caturvidha AhAra aura AlocanA-ina saba viSayoM kA svarUpa tathA bhedapUrvaka kathana, svAdhyAya-kAla, vandanAdi kAyotsarga meM varNya battIsa doSa, AsikA, niSIdhikA kA vidhAna tathA pArzvasthAdi pApazramaNoM Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / isa adhikAra kI ye vizeSatAe~ haiM ki isameM sAmAyika saMyama aura chedopasthApanA saMyama ke viSaya meM una matoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai jinakA sambandha prathama tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva evaM antima tIrthaGkara mahAvIra tathA madhyavartI bAIsa tIrthaGkaroM ke paramparA-bheda se hai / nitya pratikramaNa aura naimittika pratikramaNa ke sambandha meM bhI isI taraha ke matoM kA ullekha hai| inhIM matoM kA ullekha anyAnya digambara tathA zvetAmbara paramparA ke sAhitya meM bhI dekhane ko

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6 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana milatA hai| prAcInatA kI dRSTi se ina ullekhoM ko kAphI mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai / isI adhikAra meM niyukti dvArA padoM kI vyAkhyA karane kI prAcIna praNAlI surakSita hai| isa dRSTise caturvinzatistava nAmaka dvitIya Avazyaka kI nimnalikhita gAthA mahattvapUrNa hai logujjoe dhammatitthayare jiNavare ya arhte| kittaNa kevalimeva ya uttamabohiM mama disaMtu // 42 / / isa gAthA ke pratyeka padoM kI niyukti gAthA saMkhyA 43 se 69 taka sattAIsa gAthAoM meM kI gaI hai| uparyukta gAthA kundakundAcAryakRta tIrthaGkara bhakti ko dUsarI gAthA se tathA zvetAmbara paramparA ke 'logassa' pATha se tulanA yogya hai| dvitIya Avazyaka ke prAcIna evaM maulika pATha tathA svarUpa kI yaha gAthA paricAyaka hai / mUlAcArakAra ne isa adhikAra ko Arambha meM 'Avazyaka niyukti' nAma se bhI ullikhita kiyA hai jo zvetAmbara paramparA ke 'Avazyaka niyukti' nAmaka grantha se bhI adhikAra tulanA yogya hai / 8. dvAdazAnuprekSAdhikAra : isa adhikAra kI 76 gAthAoM meM anitya, azaraNa, saMsAra, ekatva, anyatva, azuci, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, loka, bodhidurlabha aura dharmasvAkhyAta-ina bAraha anuprekSAoM (bhAvanAoM) kA vairAgyavardhaka sUkSma vivecana hai| isameM batAyA hai : rAga, dveSa, krodhAdi Azrava haiM, jinase karmoM kA Agamana hotA hai| ye kUmArgoM para le jAne vAlI ati balavAna zaktiyA~ haiN| zAMti, dayA, kSamA, vairAgya Adi jaise-jaise bar3hate haiM, jIva vaise-vaise mokSa ke nikaTa bar3hatA jAtA hai / cAra prakAra ke saMsAra kA svarUpa tathA anta meM anuprekSAoM kI bhAvanA se karmakSaya aura pariNAmazuddhi kA vivecana hai| 9. anagArabhAvanAdhikAra : savA sau gAthAoM ke isa adhikAra meM anagAra kA svarUpa tathA liMga, vrata, vasati, vihAra, bhikSA, jJAna, zarIrasaMskAratyAga, vAkya, tapa aura dhyAna ina dasa zuddhiyoM ko anagAra ke sUtra batAye haiM / anagAra tathA unake satvaguNoM, anagAra ke paryAyavAcI nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / vAkyazuddhi ke prasaMga meM strI, artha, bhakta, kheTa, karvaTa, rAja, cora, janapada, nagara aura Akara ina kathAoM kA svarUpa tathA rUpaka dvArA prANisaMyama aura indriyasaMyama rUpI ArakSakoM dvArA taparUpI nagara tathA dhyAnarUpI ratha ke rakSaNa kI bAta kahI gayI hai / yathArtha anagAroM kA vivecana tathA abhrAvakAza Adi yogoM kA svarUpa kathana bhI kiyA gayA hai / 10. samayasArAdhikAra : isa adhikAra meM eka sau caubIsa gAthAe~ haiM / isameM vairAgya kI samayasAratA, cAritrAcaraNa Adi kA kathana karate hue zramaNa ko laukika vyavahAra se dUra rahane ko kahA hai / cAritrasaMyama aura tapa se rahita

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prAstAvika : 7 jJAnAdi kI nirarthakatA aura pratilekhana tathA isake sAdhanabhUta picchikA kI vizeSatAe~ Adi isa adhikAra ke prArambhika pratipAdya viSaya haiN| isameM zramaNa ke lie kahA gayA hai ki yadi vaha samyakcAritra kA pAlana karanA cAhatA hai to bhikSATana dvArA AhAra grahaNa kare, vana meM rahakara sukha-duHkha sahe tathA maitrIbhAvanA kA cintana kare / zuddhi-yoga, AhArazuddhi, jugupsA ke bheda-prabheda, zramaNoM ke Thaharane yogya tathA varjanIya sthAna kA varNana pApazramaNAdi viSayoM kA svarUpa batAte hue duSTa muniyoM ke saMsarga se utpanna doSoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| AyikAoM ke AvAsa para zramaNoM ke gamana tathA svAdhyAya Adi kArya karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| paMcendriya viSayoM evaM kASThAdi meM citrita striyoM taka se dUra rahane ke kathana prasaMga meM hI abrahma ke dasa kAraNa tathA paMcasUnA Adi vividha viSayoM kA acchA vivecana hai| isI adhikAra meM Acelakya, auddezika zayyAgRhatyAga, rAjapiNDatyAga, kRtikarma, vrata, jyeSTha, pratikramaNa, mAsasthitikalpa, evaM paryAsthitikalpa-ina dasa sthitikalpoM kA nAmollekha hai| adhikAra ke anta meM zAstra ke sAra kA pratipAdana karate hue cAritra ko sarvazreSTha kahA hai| zramaNoM ke yatnAcArapUrvaka dainandina sabhI kriyAe~ karate hue samyakcAritra ke pAlana kA bhI upadeza hai| 11. zIlaguNAdhikAra : isameM mAtra chabbIsa gAthAyeM haiN| isa adhikAra meM tIna yoga, tIna karaNa, cAra saMjJA, pA~ca indriya, dasa kAma, dasa zramaNadharma inhIM sabakA paraspara guNA karane para zIla ke aThAraha hajAra bhedoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| inhIM zIloM ke utpatti-krama ke anusAra manogupti yukta azubha manaHpravRtti rahita, zuddhabhAva yukta, AhAra saMjJA rahita sparza-indriya saMvRta, pRthvIsaMyama evaM kSamA guNa se saMyukta, zuddha cAritra vAle muni zreSThoM kA prathamazIla vizuddha rUpa meM sthira hotA hai / isI taraha kramazaH aThAraha hajAra zIla sthira hote haiM / isI adhikAra meM guNoM arthAt uttaraguNoM ke bheda-prabhedoM kI caurAsI lAkha saMkhyA kA kathana kiyA hai| hiMsAdi 21, atikramaNAdi cAra, kAya ke sau, abrahma ke dasa, AlocanA ke dasa doSa aura prAyazcitta (zuddhi) ke AlocanA, pratikramaNa, tadubhaya, viveka, vyutsarga, tapa, cheda, mUla, parihAra aura zraddhAna ina dasa bhedoM ke dasa doSa tathA ina saba doSoM kA paraspara guNA karane para caurAsI lAkha doSa batAye haiM tathA inase viparIta caurAsI lAkha zIlaguNa siddha kiye haiN| 12. paryAptyadhikAra : isameM do sau chaha gAthAe~ haiN| isameM paryApti, deha, . saMsthAna, kAya-indriya, yoni, Ayu, pramANa, yoga, veda, lezyA, pravicAra, upapAda,

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8 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana udvartana, sthAna, kula, alpabahutva aura prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga tathA pradezabaMdha ityAdi viSayaka sUtra padoM dvArA ina viSayoM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai / jIvoM ke antargata vanaspatikAya jIvoM kA adbhuta sUkSma vivecana kiyA gayA hai / isI adhikAra meM vivecita gati-Agati kA kathana 'sArasamaya' nAmaka grantha meM svayaM ke dvArA kahane kA ullekha kiyA hai| para yaha grantha Aja anupalabdha hai / vRttikAra ne isakI pahacAna vyAkhyAprajJapti se kI hai / jisa viSaya ke kathana kA ullekha mUlAcAra meM hai vaha viSaya zvetAmbara paramparA meM upalabdha vyAkhyAprajJapti meM nahIM hai / isase lagatA hai ki usa samaya digambara paramparA meM vaTTakera kA 'sArasamaya' grantha avazya upalabdha rahA hogaa| isake pramANa rUpa dhavalATIkA meM bhI isakA ullekha milatA hai| SaTakhaNDAgama ke jIvaThANa nAmaka prathama khaNDa kI gatiAgati nAma ko navamI cUlikA vyAkhyAprajJapti se nikalI hai| ina saba ullekhoM ke atirikta guNasthAna, jIvasamAsa, mArgaNA, svarga, naraka, manuSya tiryaJca gatiyoM tathA inake jIvoM Adi kA vistRta vivecana isa adhikAra meM kiyA gayA hai / granthakAra ne isa adhikAra kA nAma 'paryApti saMgrahiNI' kahA hai / mUlAcAra para upalabdha vyAkhyA sAhitya : mUlAcAra zramaNAcAra viSayaka eka prAcIna evaM prAmANika zreSTha grantha hai / digambara paramparA ke tadviSayaka prAyaH sabhI paravartI grantha isase prabhAvita athavA isake AdhAra para likhe gaye dRSTigocara hote hai / mUlAcAra para aneka TIkAe~ to likhI hI gaI sAtha hI isako mUla AdhAra banAkara jina granthoM kI svataMtra racanA huI unameM anagAra dharmAmRta, AcArasAra, cAritrasAra, mUlAcAra pradIpa, Adi grantha pramukha haiM, jina para mUlAcAra kA spaSTa prabhAva hai| AcArya vasunandi siddhAntacakravartI kI mUlAcAra para 'AcAravRtti' nAmaka sarvArthasiddhi TIkA saMskRta bhASA meM likhI gaI upalabdha hai| A0 vasunandi kA dUsarA mahattvapUrNa prAkRta grantha vasunandi zrAvakAcAra suprasiddha hI hai / vastutaH mUlAcAra ke viSaya ko hRdayaMgama karane vAloM meM inakA agraNI sthAna hai / inakI AcAravRtti itanI prasiddha aura sarala hai ki sAmAnya jana bhI isakA sugamatA se adhyayana kara lete haiN| gUr3ha viSaya ko spaSTa karate hue calanA aura apanI sahaja evaM sarala bhASA meM granthakAra ke bhAvoM ko prakaTa kara denA yaha vasunandi kI mukhya vizeSatA hai| 1. sArasamaye vyAkhyAprajJaptyAM siddhAnte tasmAdvA bhaNite gatyAgatIgatizca Aga tizca bhaNitA mayA kiMcit stokarUpeNa / mUlAcAra vRtti-12|143 / / 2. SaTkhaNDAgama-saMzodhita saMskaraNa, 1973, khaMDa 1, bhAga 1, pustaka 1, prastAvanA pRSTha 66 kA cArTa

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prAstAvika : 9 vasunandi zrAvakAcAra graMtha ke anta meM dI gaI prazasti ke AdhAra para hI AcArya vasunandi ke viSaya meM mukhyataH jAnakArI milatI hai| AcArya kundakunda kI paramparA meM zrInandi nAmaka AcArya hue haiN| unake ziSya nayanandi aura unake ziSya nemicanda ke prasAda se vasunandi ke isa grantha kI racanA kI / prazasti meM graMtha-racanA kA samaya nahIM diyA / kintu vasunandi ke dAdA gurU (nayanandi) ne vi0 saM0 1100 meM sudaMsaNa cariu (sudarzana carita) nAmaka graMtha apabhraMza meM likhA / isa AdhAra para kucha vidvAn AcArya vasunandi kA samaya 12vIM zatI kA pUrvArddha athavA 11vIM kA antima bhAga mAnate haiN| kintu inake granthoM kI bhASA, zailI aura viSaya pratipAdana Adi ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki ye isa kAla se bhI pUrva ke AcArya the| inake samaya-nirdhAraNa kI dizA meM zodha kI AvazyakatA hai / mUlAcAra kI inakI isa vRtti ke prArambha meM ullekha hai ki AcArAMga kI padasaMkhyA aThAraha hajAra pramANa thI, usakA saMkSepa AcArya vaTTakera ne kiyA aura usa para inhoMne bAraha hajAra zloka pramANa AcAravRtti likhii| inake nAma se prakAza meM Ane vAle granthoM meM mUlAcAra vRtti ke atirikta AptamImAMsA vRtti, jinazatakaTIkA, pratiSThAsArasaMgraha, upAsakAdhyayana (vasunandi zrAvakAcAra) Adi prasiddha haiN| mUlAcAra ke eka aura vyAkhyAtA AcArya sakalakIti haiN| inhoMne isake AdhAra para 'mUlAcAra-pradIpa' nAmaka saMskRta bhASA meM vistRta graMtha likhaa| inakA samaya vikrama kI 15vIM zatI mAnA jAtA hai / DA0 vinTaraniTz2a ne inakA svargArohaNa lagabhaga 1464 I0 mAnA hai / jJAnArNava kI prazasti ke anusAra inhoMne apanI lIlA mAtra se zAstrasamudra ko bhalI prakAra bddh'aayaa| vaise 19vIM zatI meM sakalakoti nAmaka eka dUsare bhaTTAraka vidvAn bhI hue haiM / kintu 15vIM zatI ke uparyukta bhaTTAraka sakalakIti adbhuta pratibhA ke dhanI aura bahuzAstravettA the| jJAnArNava kI hI prazasti ke anusAra Apa bhaTTAraka pada para ArUr3ha hote hI bar3I AsAnI se jaina sAhitya bhaMDAra kI zrIvRddhi meM laga gaye the|5 inakI lekhanI bahumukhI rahI hai, ataH inhoMne prAyaH sabhI viSayoM para 1. vasunandi zrAvakAcAra kI prazasti, gAthA 540-544 2. prakAzaka, AcArya zrI vimalasAgara saMgha, c/o rAyasAhaba nemIcandra jaina, banArasI presa, jalesara (eTA) u0 pra0, vi0 saM0 2018 3. e hisTrI Apha iMDiyana liTarecara, pR0 592 4. prazasti saMgraha-saM0 paM0 ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI, jaina siddhAnta bhavana ArA, 1942, pRSTha 119,196,197 5. jJAnArNava, prazasti pATha 14 /

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10 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana grantha racanA kI / saMskRta, prAkRta aura rAjasthAnI bhASA para inakA samAna adhikAra thA / gujarAta aura bAgar3a Adi kSetroM meM jainadharma kA kAphI pracAra prasAra bhI inhoMne kiyA / AcArya sakalakIrti kI saMskRta aura rAjasthAnI bhASA meM nimnalikhita racanAe~ prApta hotI haiM saMskRta bhASA meM racita sAhitya - mUlAcAra pradIpa, praznottaropAsakAcAra, AdipurANa, uttara purANa, zAntinAtha caritra, varddhamAna caritra, mallinAtha caritra yazodhara caritra, dhanyakumAra caritra, sukumAla caritra, sudarzana caritra, sadbhASitAvalI, pArzvanAtha caritra, vratakathA koSa, nemijina caritra, karmavipAka, tattvArthasAradIpaka, siddhAntasAradIpaka, AgamasAra, paramAtmarAja stotra, sAracaturviMzatikA, zrIpAla caritra, jambUsvAmI caritra, dvAdazAnuprekSA / pUjAgrantha - aSTAnhikA pUjA, solahakAraNa pUjA, gaNadhara valaya pUjA | rAjasthAnI kRtiyA~ - ArAdhanA pratibodhasAra, nemIzvara gIta, muktAvali gIta, NamokAraphala gIta, solahakAraNa rAsa, sArasikhAmaNi rAsa, zAMtinAtha phAgu / AcArya sakalakIrti ne apane mUlAcAra pradIpa meM prAyaH una sabhI viSayoM kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai, jinakA pratipAdana AcArya vaTTakera ne apane mUlAcAra meM kiyaa| mUlAcAra ke AdhAra para likhe jAne para bhI AcArya sakalakIrti kA tIna hajAra se bhI adhika saMskRta padyoM se yukta yaha grantha svatantra kRti jaisA lagatA hai / isameM kahA hai ki maiM ( AcArya sakalakIrti) iSTa devoM ko namana karake, zubha aura zreSTha arthoM ko jAnakara mUlAcAra Adi zreSTha granthoM meM kahe hue AcAroM meM pravRtti hetu tathA svayaM kA aura muniyoM kA hita karane ke lie zuddhAcAra svarUpa kA prarUpaka mUlAcAra pradIpa nAmaka mahAgrantha kI racanA karatA hU~ / " mUlAcAra pradIpa bAraha adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai, inakA viSaya paricaya isa prakAra hai prathama adhikAra meM mUlaguNoM kA svarUpa, bheda tathA pA~ca mahAvratoM kA svarUpa / dvitIya adhikAra meM pAMca samitiyoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / 1. iSTadevAn praNamyeti vijJAyArthAn parAn zubhAn / mUlAcArAdi sadgraMthAnAmAcAra pravartaye || mahAgraMthaM kariSye'haM zrI mUlAcAra dIpakam / hitAya me yatinAM ca zuddhAcArArthadezakam // - mUlAcAra pradIpa 1 / 37, 38 1

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prAstAvika : 11 tRtIya adhikAra meM paMcendriya nirodha, kRtikarma, citikarma, vinayakarma Adi kA vistRta vivecana tathA muniyoM kI vandanA, pArzvasthAdi muniyoM kA svarUpa pratipAdita hai| caturtha adhikAra meM SaDAvazyakoM kA svarUpa, kezaluJca, AsikA, niSiddhikA Adi viSayoM kA vivecana hai / paMcama adhikAra meM samyagdarzana tathA usake aMgoM kA vivecana hai / SaSTha adhikAra meM AcAra ke pAMca bheda, tapa, gupti Adi viSayoM kA bhedopabheda pUrvaka kathana kiyA gayA hai / saptama adhikAra meM muniyoM evaM AryikAoM kI samAcAra nIti kA bhedaprabheda pUrvaka varNana tathA ekala vihAra ke doSoM kA kathana hai| aSTama adhikAra meM anagAra kI dasa bhAvanAoM rUpa zuddhiyoM kA vivecana hai| navama adhikAra meM AhAra zuddhi, AhAra ke doSa, picchI kA svarUpa, samAdhimaraNa kI vidhi Adi viSayoM kA pratipAdana hai| dazama adhikAra meM samAdhimaraNa kI vistRta vidhi tathA maraNa ke anyAnya bhedoM kA pratipAdana hai| ekAdaza adhikAra meM uttaraguNoM evaM zIloM ke bhedopabheda pUrvaka unakA svarUpa pratipAdita hai / bArahaveM antima adhikAra meM anuprekSA, pariSahajaya aura RddhiyoM kA bhedopabheda pUrvaka svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai / vizeSa jJAtavya yaha hai ki mUlAcAra ke paryApti nAmaka bArahaveM adhikAra ke viSayoM kA mUlAcAra pradIpa meM vivecana nahIM kiyA gayA / mUlAcAra ke tIsare vyAkhyAkAra AcArya medhacandra haiN| inhoMne isa para karnATaka 'mUlAcArasadvatti' kI racanA kii| caturtha karnATaka TIkA 'munijana cintAmaNi' nAma se milatI hai, isameM mUlAcAra ko kundakundAcArya kI racanA batAyA hai / eziyATika sosAyaTI Apha baMgAla (kalakattA) se apane pustakAlaya ke hastalikhita granthoM kI "lisTa Apha jainA ema0 esa0 esa0" ko (grantha kramAGka 1521) dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki medhAvI kavi dvArA racita bhI eka anya 'mUlAcAra TIkA' hai| vaise 16 vIM zatI ke medhAvI kavi dvArA likhita dharmasaMgraha-zrAvakAcAra prasiddha hI hai| inhIM kavi kA ukta TIkA grantha bhI sambhava hai / para isake viSaya meM anyatra kahIM bhI abhI taka ullekha dekhane meM nahIM aayaa|

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12 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana uparyukta TIkAoM ke atirikta vIranandi ne mUlAcAra ke AdhAra para 'AcArasAra' grantha kI racanA kI hai / paM0 AzAdhara ne 'anagAra dharmAmRta' nAmaka grantha kI racanA meM isI kA AdhAra liyA hai| isa prakAra anyAnya aneka grantha mUlAcAra ke AdhAra para likhe gaye, jinameM Aja kucha prakAzita haiM to aneka aprakAzita tathA anupalabdha bhI haiM / mUlAcAra kI gAthA saMkhyA prastuta adhyayana meM mUlAcAra kI do mudrita pratiyoM kA vizeSa upayoga kiyA gayA hai / prathama digambara-zvetAmbara paramparA ke kucha granthoM se mUlAcAra kI tulanA ke lie prAstAvika meM anantakIrti granthamAlA giragAMva, bambaI se vI0 ni0 saM0 2446 meM prakAzita mUlAcAra kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai / isameM granthakAra kA nAma AcArya vaTTakera ullikhita hai| isameM pratyeka adhikAroM kI gAthA saMkhyA alaga-alaga na dekara bArahoM adhikAroM kI saMkhyA kramazaH dI gaI hai, jinameM kula 1243 gAthAe~ haiM / mUlAcAra kI dvitIya mudrita prati mANikacanda digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI se vi0 saM0 1977 evaM 1980 meM do bhAgoM meM alaga-alaga prakAzita haiM / viSayagata adhyayana meM inakA hI vizeSa upayoga kiyA gayA hai / isameM kula 1252 gAthAe~ haiN| prathama cAra adhikAroM ko chor3a zeSa ATha adhikAroM kI gAthAe~ pratyeka meM alaga-alaga saMkhyA meM dI gaI hai| prathama cAra adhikAroM kI gAthAe~ kramazaH eka sAtha dI gaI haiM / isa prantha ke bhArambha meM evaM kucha adhikAroM ke anta meM granthakartA kA nAma AcArya vaTTakera ullikhita hai| vRtti kI antima prazasti ke bAda eka puSpikA dvArA AcArya kundakunda viracita bhI sUcita kiyA gayA hai / AcArya kundakunda mAnI jAne vAlI mUlAcAra ko tRtIya mudritaprati kA bhI yatratatra upayoga kiyA gayA hai / isake Arambha meM aura grantha samApti meM kartA kA nAma AcArya kundakunda diyA gayA hai| vI0 ni0 saM0 2484 meM AcArya zAntisAgara di0 jaina jinavANI jIrNoddhAraka saMsthA evaM grantha prakAzana samiti phalaTaNa se yaha prakAzita kiyA gayA hai / isakA bhASAnuvAda paM0 jinadAsa pArzvanAtha phaDakule ne kiyA hai jo ki AcArya vasunandi kI vRtti ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA mAlUma par3atA hai / isa mUlAcAra tathA uparyukta mUlAcAra ke pratipAdya viSaya samAna hai / adhikAroM ke nAma aura saMkhyA saba samAna haiN| kintu adhikAroM ke krama meM thor3A antara hai / sAtha hI isameM gAthAe~ bhI kucha adhika haiN| donoM prakAra kI pratiyoM kA adhikAra-krama aura gAthA saMkhyA nimnalikhita hai :

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prAstAvika : 13 AcArya vaTTakerakRta mUlAcAra adhikAra . 45 76 77 222 gAthA saMkhyA 1. mUlaguNa 2. vRhat pratyAkhyAnasaMstarastava 71 3. saMkSepapratyAkhyAna 4. samAcAra 5. paMcAcAra 6. piNDazuddhi 82 7. SaDAvazyaka 8. dvAdazAnuprekSA 9. anagArabhAvanA 125 10. samayasAra 124 11. zIlaguNa 26 22. paryApti 206 AcArya kundakundakRta mAnA jAne vAlA mUlAcAra adhikAra gAyA saMkhyA mUlaguNa vRhat pratyAkhyAnasaMstarastava 102 saMkSepapratyAkhyAna samAcAra paMcAcAra 251 piNDazuddhi SaDAvazyaka 218 anagArabhAvanA 128 dvAdazAnuprekSA samayasAra 160 paryApti 237 zIlaguNa 78 27 isa taraha donoM prakAra kI pratiyoM kI gAthA saMkhyA meM antara to hai hI, adhikAroM ke krama meM bhI antara spaSTa hai / vaTTa kerakRta mUlAcAra kI apekSA kundakundakRta kahe jAne vAle isa mUlAcAra meM nimnalikhita gAthAe~ adhika haiM : prathama adhikAra meM gAthAoM kI saMkhyA kunda0 mUlAcAra meM adhika dRSTigocara hotI hai kintu18, 39, 40, evaM 43 vIM gAthAoM ke atirikta anya gAthAe~ vaTTa0 mUlAcAra ke piNDazuddhi adhikAra meM A gaI hai| kunda0 mUlAcAra ke dvitIya adhikAra meM 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 55, 60, 63, 70, 88, 89 evaM 96 vIM gAthAe~ adhika haiN| isI taraha tRtIya adhikAra meM 5, 12, 13 vI gAthAe~, caturtha meM 65 evaM 74 vIM gAthAe~, paMcama meM 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 41, 42, 43, 44, 61, 62, 83, 90, 101, 107, 120, 171, 199, 206, 239, 243, 247, 248, 249' 250 vIM gAthAe~ adhika hai / piNDazuddhi nAmaka SaSTha adhyAya meM gAthAe~ isalie kama haiM kyoMki isakI kucha gAthAe~ prathama adhikAra meM grahaNa kI gaI haiN| kunda0 mUlAcAra ke saptama adhikAra meM 14, 16, 54, 104, 107, 122, 123, 146, 191 vI gAthAe~ adhika haiM / isI kA AThavA~ anagArabhAvanA adhikAra hai jabaki vaTTa0 mUlAcAra kA navama adhikAra hai| isakI tIna gAthAe~ adhika haiM / kunda0 mUlAcAra kA navama dvAdazAnuprekSAdhikAra hai jabaki vaTTa0 mUlAcAra ke isI adhikAra kA krama ATharvA

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14 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana hai / isameM 2 aura 126 vI gAthA adhika hai| dazama adhikAra meM 36, 116, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 249, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158vIM gAthAe~ adhika hai / isakA gyArahavAM paryApti adhikAra hai jaba ki vaTTa0 mUlAcAra kA yaha bArahavA~ adhikAra hai / isameM 4, 82, 96, 124, 156, 157, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 166, 167, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 225 vIM gAthAe~ adhika haiM / kunda0 mUlAcAra kA bArahavAM jo ki vaTTa0 mUlAcAra kA gyArahavA~ zIla guNAdhikAra hai / isameM 27 vI gAthA adhika hai / ___ gAthA saMkhyA 8140, 5 / 184, 12 / 198 vaTTakerakRta mUlAcAra kI gAthAe~ kunda0 mUlAcAra meM nahIM pAyI jaatiiN| vaTTa0 mUlAcAra meM 2 / 41, 4 / 180, 5 / 24, 4 / 25, 5 / 26, 5 / 27, 5 / 29 tavaM 8 / 62 vI gAthAe~ kramazaH 3 / 109, 1061, 12 / 166, 12 / 167, 12 / 168, 12 / 169, 10 / 63 evaM 1145 saMkhyA para punarAvRtti milatI hai / AcArya kundakunda aura mUlAcAra AcArya kundakunda zramaNa paramparA ke pravartaka hI nahIM apitu adhyAtma vidyA kI usa avicchinna dhArA ke janaka bhI haiM, jinake kAraNa bhAratIya zramaNaparamparA kA yaza sAre loka meM vizruta huaa| ye mUlasaMgha ke pradhAna AcArya hai / samayasAra, pravacanasAra aura paMcAstikAya-( nATakatrayI ) niyamasAra, aSTapAhuDa, dvAdazAnuprekSA siddhaybhaktyAdi saMgraha, rayaNasAra evaM kuralakAvya Adi ApakI suprasiddha kRtiyA~ haiM / jahA~ eka ora mUlAcAra aura AcArya kundakunda kI ina kRtiyoM kI kucha gAthAoM meM samAnatA haiM / to vahIM dUsarI ora kucha viSayoM meM bhinnatA bhI hai / jaise' - mA0 kundakunda ke grantha gAthAsaMkhyA mUlAcAra gAthAsaMkhyA niyamasAra 62,65,99,100,101 12,15,45,46,47, 102,103,104,105 48,39,42,104,332, 69,70,142,126,9 333,525,526,202 1. anekAnta, varSa 12, aMka 12, maI 1954, pR0 362 2. mUlAcAra, ananta kIrti granthamAlA, giragA~va, bambaI vI. ni. saM. 2446

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prAstAvika : 15 cAritrapAhuDa 201 samayasAra 203 vA0 aNu0 35,14,2,23,36 226,699,701,702, 1,2,22 / 709,691,692 / paMcAstikAya 75,148 231,966 / darzana pAhuDa 841 bodhapAhuDa 35,33 1191,1197 / uparyukta gAthAoM ke atirikta yatra-tatra aneka samAnatAe~ donoM meM pAI jAtI haiM, jaise-- maMgalAcaraNagata samAnatA : donoM meM isa viSaya meM kaI samAnatAe~ haiN| donoM hI adhikAroM ke prArambha meM nimnalikhita rUpa meM maMgalAcaraNa karate haiMmUlAcAra-esa karemi paNAmaM jiNavaravasahassa vaDDhamANassa sesANaM ca jiNANaM sagaNagaNadharANaM ca savvesi / / 3 / / da0 pA0-kAUNa NamukkAraM jiNavaravasahassa vaDDhamANassa / 1 / mUlAcAra--kAUNa NamokkAraM arahatANaM taheva siddhANaM / 7 / 1 / liM0 pA0-kAUNa NamokkAraM arahaMtANaM taheva siddhANaM / / mUlAcAra-siddha NamaMsidUNa ya jhANuttamakhavidadIha saMsAre / daha daha do ya jiNe daha do aNupehaNaM bocchaM / / 8 / / vA0 aNu0-NamiUNa savvasiddha jhANuttamakhavidadIhasaMsAre / dasa dasa do do ya jiNe dasa do aNupehaNaM bocche / / 1 / viSaya kathana kI pratijJA : mUlAcAra ke pratyeka adhikAroM ke Arambha meM viSaya pratipAdana kI pratijJA kI gaI hai| isa prakAra AcArya kundakunda ne bhI apane granthoM meM viSaya pratipAdana kI pratijJA kI hai, jaise-- mUlAcAra-ihaparalogahidapthe mUlaguNe kittai ssAmi / 1 / cA0 pA0-mukkhArAhaNaheU cArittaM pAhuDaM bocche / 2 / mUlAcAra-paNamiya sirasA vocchaM samAsado piMDasuddhI du / 6 / 1 / paM0-eso paNamiya sirasA samayamiyaM suNaha bocchAmi / 2 / viSayagata samAnatA : mUlAcAra meM pAMca vratoM kI pA~ca-pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| usI taraha cAritra pAhuDa meM bhI kucha parivartana ke sAtha pAI jAtI hai, jaise-- mUlAcAra-mahilAloyaNa-punvaradisaraNa saMsattavasadhi-vikahAhiM / paNidarasehiM ya viradI ya bhAvaNA paMca bahmami / / 5 / 143 /

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16 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana cA0 pA0 - mahilAloyaNa puvvara isaraNa - saMsattavasahi - vikahAhi / purisehi viraobhAvaNA paMcAvi turiyammi ||35|| anya samAnatAe~ : mUlAcAra - maggo maggaphalaM tiya duvihaM jiNasAsaNe samakkhAdaM / maggo khalu sammattaM maggaphalaM hoi NivvANaM ||5151 niyamasAra - maggo maggaphalaM ti ya duvihaM jiNasAsaNe samakkhAdaM / maggo mokkhauvAyo tassaphalaM hoi NivvANaM ||2| mUlAcAra - rAgI baMdhai kammaM muccai jIvo virAgasaMpaNNo / eso jiNovaeso samAsado baMdhamokkhANaM || 5|50 | samayasAra - ratto baMdhadi kammaM muMcadi jIvo virAgasaMpaNNo / eso jiNovadeso tamhA kammesu mA rajja / / 150 / upasaMhAra viSayaka samAnatA : mUlAcAra - evaM mae abhizudA aNagArA gAravehiM ummukkA | dharaNidhareha ya mahiyA detu samAdhi ca bodhi ca // 9 // 125 // yogibhakti evaM maeamitthuyA aNayArA rAgadosaparisuddhA / saMghassa varasamAhi majjhavi dukkhakkhayaM ditu // 22 // mUlAcAra -- taha savvalogaNAhA vimalagadigadA pasIdaMtu || 8|76 // zrutabhakti - sigdhaM me sudalAhaM jiNavara vasahA payacchaMtu || 11|| uparyukta samAnatAoM ke atirikta mUlAcAra kI sabase adhika samAnatA niyamasAra se hai / jaise mUlAcAra ke prathama adhikAra kI gAthA saMkhyA 5 se 15 aura niyamasAra kI gAthA saMkhyA 56 se 65 taka samAna haiN| mUlAcAra ke SaDAvazyaka adhikAra kI gAthA saMkhyA 23 se 32 taka niyamasAra kI gAthA saMkhyA 125 se 133 taka prAyaH samAna hai / antara kevala itanA hai ki ina gAthAoM kA uttarArddha eka sA hone se mUlAcAra meM do gAthAoM ke pazcAt nahIM diyA gayA / jabaki niyamasAra kI pratyeka gAthA meM vaha diyA huA hai / AcArya kundakunda ke eka grantha kI koI-koI aisI bhI gAthAe~ haiM jo ki mUlAcAra meM bhI upalabdha haiM tathA ve hI kundakunda ke anya dUsare granthoM meM bhI pAI jAtI / jaise-- arasamarUvamagaMdhaM avvattaM cedaNAguNasamaddaM / jANa aligaggahaNaM jIvamaNiddisaM ThANaM // yaha gAthA pravacanasAra 280, niyamasAra 46 aura bhAvapAhuDa 64 meM pAI jAtI hai / 1

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prAstAvika : 17 mUlAcAra aura kundakunda ke granthoM meM asamAnatA : ___ uparyukta tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki mUlAcAra aura kundakunda dvArA racita granthoM meM kucha samAnatAyeM avazya haiM kintu mUlAcAra aura kundakunda ke granthoM ke gahana adhyetA vidvAn mUlAcAra ko kundakunda dvArA racita nahIM kaha sakate / vaise kundakunda usI mUlasaMgha ke pradhAna AcArya the jisa paramparA meM inake pazcAt AcArya vaTTa kera hue jinhoMne usI paramparA ke poSaka zramaNoM ke lie AcAra-vyavahAra kA eka saccA evaM suvyavasthita saMvidhAna ke rUpa meM mUlAcAra lipibaddha kiyA, aura mUlasaMgha kI avicchinna tathA ucca paramparA kA sAkSAt darzana karAne vAle apane grantha kA nAma mUlAcAra rakhA / vaTTakera kundakunda ke pazcAtvartI the aura donoM eka hI paramparA ke poSaka rahe haiM / ataH mUlAcAra meM kundakunda ke granthoM kA prabhAva koI Azcarya kA viSaya nahIM hai| aura yaha bhI tathya hai ki paramparA se kucha aisI zruta-sampadA vidyamAna thI jise bAda ke prAyaH sabhI AcAryoM ne yathAyogya grahaNa kI hogI ataH kucha sAmyatA ke AdhAra para eka dUsare ke kartRtva kA khaNDana karanA yA kisI grantha ko saMgraha grantha kahanA yogya nahIM hai / AcArya kundakunda kI racanAoM aura mUlAcAra ke adhyayana se donoM meM nimnalikhita antara spaSTa dikhalAI dete haiM / jaise AcArya kundakunda ke pratyeka grantha kI bhASA meM jahA~ prAMjalatA praur3hatA aura pravAha kA darzana hotA hai vahA~ mUlAcAra meM kundakundAcArya jaisI bhASA kA prayoga kahIM-kahIM hI dikhAI detA hai / ___ AcArya kundakunda kI kRtiyoM kA mukhya pratipAdya vipaya ucca AdhyAtmikatA hai| bheda-prabhedoM kI vistRta gaNanA, svarga-naraka kA vistRta varNana, Ayu Adi arthAt prathamAnuyoga, karaNAnuyoga ke viSayoM ke darzana zAyada hI kahIM dikhAI deN| kintu mUlAcAra ke paryApti adhikAra meM inhIM sabakA vistRta varNana hai| mUlAcAra ke samayasArAdhikAra kI AcArya kundakunda viracita samayasAra meM chAyA taka dikhAI nahIM pdd'tii| donoM ke pratipAdya viSaya bahuta kucha bhinna haiM / AcArya kundakunda ke sUtraprAbhRta ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki unhoMne strIdIkSA kA spaSTa samarthana nahIM kiyA apitu yahI kahA hai ki unake zarIrAvayavoM meM kucha aise doSa hote haiM jinake kAraNa unako dIkSA nahIM dI jA sktii| jabaki mUlAcAra meM AryikAoM kI AcAra-paddhati kA acchA vivecana 1. liMgammi ya itthINaM thaNaMtare NAhi kakkhadesesu / bhaNio suhamo kAo tAsiM kaha hoi pavvajjA / / -liMga pAhuDa 24

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18 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| AryikA ke lie "viratI' tathA muni ke lie 'virata' zabda kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| muni, AryikA, zrAvaka aura zrAvika rUpa caturvidha saMgha kA ullekha hai| isameM AyikA saMgha kA bhI spaSTa ullekha hai| AyikAoM ke aneka guNoM se saMpanna gaNadharoM Adi kA varNana hai jo AyikAoM ko dIkSA aura upadeza dete the| isa prakAra isameM strI dIkSA kA mAtra samarthana hI nahIM apitu unake AcAra kA pratipAdana bhI milatA hai| jo digambara paramparA ke anya granthoM meM vRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| kundakunda ne pravacanasAra ke tRtIya cAritrAdhikAra meM zramaNAcAra viSayaka saMkSipta kintu sArapUrNa vivecana kiyA hI hai ataH punaH apanI dhArA ko mor3a dekara mUlAcAra kI alaga se racanA kI saMbhAvanA bhI ucita nahIM jAna pdd'to| kyoMki mUlAcAra ke kucha sthaloM para kundakunda sammata viSaya nahIM milte| jaise-mUlAcArakAra ne eSaNA, nikSepAdAna, IryA-ye tIna samitiyAM tathA manogupti aura Alokyabhojana-ye pA~ca ahiMsA mahAvrata kI bhAvanAyeM mAnI hai| jabaki kundakunda ne cAritrapAhuDa meM vacanagupti, manogupti, IryA, AdAna-nikSepaNa evaM eSaNA samiti-ye pA~ca bhAvanAyeM mAnI haiM . isameM vacanagupti bhI svIkRta kI hai tathA Alokya bhojana ko hI eSaNA samiti kA aMga mAnA gayA hai| jabaki mUlAcAra meM vacanagupti svIkRta nahIM kI tathA eSaNA samiti aura Alokyabhojana ko alaga-alaga mAnA hai| anya mahAvatoM kI bhAvanAoM meM bhI alpAdhika antara hai / isa prakAra donoM meM anyatra bhI alpAdhika antara dikhAI detA hai / vaise ye antara saiddhAntika matabheda meM vizeSa mahattvapUrNa nahIM haiN| phira bhI kundakunda jaise samartha AcArya eka hI viSaya ko do jagaha bhinna-bhinna kyoM kaheMge ? ataH uparyukta asamAnatAoM ko dekhane se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki mUlAcAra kundakunda kI racanA nahIM ho sktii| - 1. No kappadi viradANaM viradINamuvAsayahi ciTThadu-mUlAcAra 4.180, 10.61 2. vahI 5.66 3. eSaNANikkhevAdA NiriyA samidI tahA maNoguttI / AloyabhoyaNaMpi ya ahiMsAe bhAvaNA paMca ||-muulaacaar 51140 vayaguttI maNaguttI iriyA samidI sudANaNikkhevo / avaloyabhoyaNAe ahiMsae bhAvaNA hoti ||-caaritt pAhuDa 32

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prAstAvika : 19 mUlAcAra aura SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA : AcArya puSpadanta aura bhUtabalI ( I0 prathama zatI) kRta SaTkhaNDAgamasUtra zaurasenI jainAgama kA mahattvapUrNa mahAn grantha hai / isa para AcArya vIrasena (I0 kI 9vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvAddha) kRta dhavalA TIkA kA jainasAhitya meM advitIya sthAna hai| yaha dhavalA TIkA solaha khaNDoM meM prakAzita ho cukI hai / AcArya vIrasena ne apanI dhavalI TIkA meM mUla grantha ke viSaya kathana kA vistRta aura spaSTa vivecana prastuta karane meM apUrva saphalatA prApta kI hai| isa TIkA kI aneka vizeSatAoM meM eka yaha bhI hai ki AcArya vIrasena ne mUlagrantha ke viSaya pratipAdana hetu apane se pUrva aneka AcAryoM aura unake granthoM ke tadviSayaka gAthAoM Adi pramANoM ko 'bhaNitaM' 'uktaM ca' Adi zabdoM ke upayoga dvArA tathA kahIM-kahIM granthanAmollekha pUrvaka uddhRta kiyA hai / yaha unakI sAhityika saccAI tathA pakSapAta rahita gahana evaM vizAla adhyayana-manana kA paricAyaka hai / isake AdhAra para jahA~ jaina sAhitya ke aneka AcAryoM tathA unake upalabdha-anupalabdha sAhitya kA paricaya prApta huA hai vahA~ itihAsa kI dRSTi se unake samayAdi nirdhAraNa ko aneka gutthiyA~ bhI sulajhI haiM / AcArya vIrasena ne dhavalA TIkA meM pramANa ke rUpa meM tadviSayaka mUlAcAra kI aneka gAthAyeM usI rUpa meM athavA kucha zabdAntaroM meM 'uktaM ca' zabda dvArA tathA mUlAcAra ko AcArAGga nAma se abhihita kara uddhRta kI haiN| inameM se kucha gAthAoM kA vivaraNa prastuta haimUlAcAra dhavalA TIkA khaNDa 1, bhAga 1, pustaka 1, jIvasthAna satprarUpaNA adhyAya gAthA saMkhyA gAthA saMkhyA pRSTha 18 4 58 31 50 6574 10 10 12 121 122 50 100 71 134 237 1. SaTakhaNDAgama dhavalATIkA pustaka 4 pRSTha 316 / 2. SaTkhaNDAgama dhavalA TIkA, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha solApura se prakAzita saMzodhita saMskaraNa, san 1973 /

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20 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 23 ( kunda0 mUlA0 ) 5 12 163 9-12 13 5. 5 5 5 5 G 12 12 12 7 10 4 5 12 11 14 15 16 202 13 109 110 107 104 121, 122 171 89 79 23. 131 132 146 147 149 150 151 152 153 " pustaka 4 jIvasthAna kAlAnugama nirdeza prarUpaNA 6 316 pustaka 9 vedanAkhaNDa kRti anuyogadvAra ? 1 8 pustaka 12 pustaka 14 10 64 70, 71 115 272 273 274 275 "" 4 " 116 127 vedanA khaNDa vedanAvedana vidhAna a 319 4 25 25 26 189 197 259 33 vargaNA khaNDa baMdhana anuyogadvAra * 3 91 300 mUlAcAra aura tiloya - paNNattI AcArya yativRSabha dvArA racita tiloya paNNattI ( triloka - prajJapti ) lokajJAna-siddhAnta viSayaka prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha eka mahattvapUrNa prAcIna grantha 3" 1. SaTkhaNDAgama dhavalATIkA 1.5.1 pustaka 4, prakAzaka, zrImanta seTha zitAba - rAya lakSmIcaMda jaina sAhityoddhAraka phaNDa kAryAlaya, amarAvatI san 1942 2. vahI 4.1.2 pustaka 9. 3. vahI 4.2.10 pustaka 12. 4. vahI 5.6. 93 pustaka 14.

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prAstAvika : 21 hai | paM0 nAthUrAma premI ne isakA samaya vi0 saM0 535 aura 666 (I0 san 478-609) mAnA hai / kyoMki jinabhadragaNi-kSamAzramaNa ne apane vizeSAvazyaka - bhASya meM jo ki vi0 saM0 666 kI racanA hai, Adeza kaSAya kA svarUpa batAkara AcArya yativRSabha ke cUrNisUtra - nirdiSTa svarUpa kA 'kecit' kahakara ullekha kiyA hai / " mUlAcAra kI prAcInatA siddha karane meM tiloya paNNattI bhI eka mahattvapUrNa AdhAra hai / isameM "mUlAAre iriyA evaM niuNaM NirUveMti" - yaha kahakara mUlAcAra grantha ke mata kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai / yahA~ AcArya yativRSabha ne saudharma aura aizAna, sAnatkumAra aura mAhendra, brahma aura brahmottara tathA lAMtava aura kApiSTha ina cAra yugaloM ko indra-deviyoM kI Ayu tathA isase Age AraNa yugala taka kI deviyoM kI Ayu ke pramANa svarUpa mUlAcAra kA jo ullekha kiyA hai vaha viSaya mUlAcAra ke paryApti adhikAra meM spaSTa AyA hai / 3 isI adhikAra meM paryApti, caturgati ke jIvoM kA vividha varNana, yoga, veda, baMdha, dvIpa, samudra, yoni Adi lagabhaga bIsa viSayoM kA varNana hai / ina viSayoM meM bandhAdi viSayoM ko chor3akara prAyaH sabhI viSaya tiloya paNNatti meM yathAsthAna ullikhita haiM / itanA hI nahIM, apitu kitanI hI gAthAyeM donoM meM sAdhAraNa zabda parivartana ke sAtha jyoM kI tyoM pAyI jAtI haiM / udAharaNasvarUpa donoM kI kucha gAthAyeM prastuta haiM / mUlAcAra ti0 pa0 kesaha maMsulomA cammavasAruhiramuttapurisi vA / vaTThI Neva sirA devANa aTThisirAruhiravasAmuttapurIsANi cammaDa maMsappahudI Na hoI devANa sarIrasaMThANe || 12 / 11 // kesalo mAI | saMghaDaNe / / 3 / 208 / / 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 10 / 2. AraNadugapariyaMtaM vaDDhate paMcapallAI / 'mUlAAre iriyA' evaM NiuNaM NirUveMti / tiloya paNNatti, bhAga 2, 8/532, pR0 883 3. palidovamANi paMcayasattArasapaMcavIsa paNatIsaM / causu jugalesu AU NAdavvA iMdadevINaM / / - vahI, 8 531 paNayaM dasa sattadhiyaM paNavIsaM tosameva paMcadhiyaM / cattAlaM paNadAlaM paNNAo paNNapaNNAo || - mUlAcAra 1280 4. ina gAthAoM kI sUcI ke lie dekhie -tiloya paNNatti kI prastAvanA, bhAga 2, pR0 42-44

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22 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana mUlAcAra vAlesu ya dADhIsu ya pakkhIsu ya jalacaresu uvvnnnnaa| saMkhejjaAuThidiyA puNevi NirayAvahA hoti / / 12 / 115 // ti0 50 vAlesuM dADhIsuM pakkhIsuM jalacaresu jAUNaM / saMkhejjAugajuttA teI Niraesu vaccaMti // 2 / 290 // mUlAcAra AIsANA devA caettu eidietta Ne bhjjaa| tiriyattamANusatte bhayaNijjA jAva sahasArA // 12 / 136 / / ti0 50 AIsANA devA jaNaNA eidiesu bhajidavvA / uvari sahasaraMtaM te bhajjA saNNi tiriyamaNuvatte / / 8 / 680 // mUlAcAra tatto paraM tu NiyamA devAvi aNaMtare bhave savve / / uvavajjaMti maNusse Na tesi tiriesu uvavAdo / / 12 / 137 / / ti0 pa0 tatto uvarimadevA savve sukkAbhidhAnalessAe / uppajjaMti maNusse Natthi tirikkhasu uvavAdo / / 8 / 681 // isI prakAra mUlAcAra ke paryApti adhikAra kI kucha aura bhI gAthAyeM tiloya-paNNattI kI gAthAoM sa milatI haiN| paryApti adhikAra ke atirikta anya adhikAroM kI bhI gAthAyeM kucha parivartana ke sAtha tiloyapaNNa tti meM upalabdha hai| mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA ___AcArya zivArya (prathama zatI) dvArA praNIta yaha eka muni-AcAra viSayaka mahattvapUrNa evaM mahAn grantha hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA jaina paramparA ke antargata yApanIya saMgha kA grantha kahA jAtA hai| mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM aneka gAthAyeM jyoM kI tyoM upalabdha haiM, jaise mUlAcAra meM ullikhita gAthA saMkhyA 56, 119, 163, 164, 237, 239, 245, 246, 269, 277, 295, 296, 299, 300, 302, 307, 308, 314, 315, 326, 327, 328, 329, 33, 333, 334, 336, 337, 338, 340, 341, 342, 343, 346, 353, 356, 358, 365, 369, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376 377, 378, 379, 380, 385, 386, 387, 388, 391, 392, 396, 400, 401, 692, 702, 900, 907, 908, 940, 969, 1030 ye gAthAyeM kramazaH bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM nimna krama meM ullikhita haiM : 547, 1. mUlAcAra kI gAthA saMkhyA 12 / 10, 12 / 90, 134, 135 evaM tiloya paNNa tti kI gAthA saM0 3 / 125, 209, 81565, 560, 561 prAyaH samAna haiN| 2. mUlAcAra 8 / 9-12 tathA tiloya paNNatti 2 / 11-14 evaM mUlAcAra 8022-23 tathA tiloya paNNatti 16133-134 / i

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prAstAvika : 23 1669, 411, 412, 1825, 1835, 1847, 1848, 260, 34, 1185, 1186, 117, 118, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1148, 1188, 1189, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1210, 1211, 770, 1213, 208, 213, 214, 236, 114, 115, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 129, 130, 131, 305, 306, 1703, 1712, 1713, 1715, 1670, 770, 289, 80, 70, 104, 562 / isa prakAra mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI aneka gAthAe~ paraspara jyoM ko tyoM milatI haiN| kintu kaI aisI bhI gAthAeM haiM jo bahuta kama pAThabheda ke sAtha haiM / yathAmUlAcAra accelakkusiyasejjAhararAyapiNDa kiriyammaM / vada jeTTha paDikkamaNaM mAsaM pajjo samaNakappo // 10 / 18 / / bha0 A0 Acelakkudde siyasejjAhararAyapiMDa kiriyamme / / vada jeThThapaDikkamaNe mAsaM pajjosavaNakappo // 421 / / mUlAcAra eyaggeNa maNaM NiraMbhiUNa dhamma caunvihaM jhAhi / ANApAyavivAyavicao ya saMThANavicayaM ca / / 5 / 201 // bha0 A0 eyaggaNa maNaM rubhiUNa dhamma caunvihaM jhAdi / ANApAyavivAgaM vicayaM saMThANavicayaM ca // 1708 / / isa prakAra aura bhI aneka gAthAe~ thor3e bahuta pAThabheda ke sAtha donoM granthoM meM pAI jAtI haiM / anya samAna gAthAe~ kramazaH isa prakAra haiM mUlAcAra-118, 160, 316, 318, 325, 330, 352, 370, 371, 384, 394, 395, 397, 399, 618, 970 / ye gAthAyeM bhagavatIArAdhanA meM kramazaH nimnalikhita gAthAoM ke samAna haiM.-682, 410, 1196, 1197, 1199, 1204, 215, 116, 117, 127, 1184, 1702, 1704, 1711, 561, 107 / mUlAcAra aura sarvArthasiddhi ___ AcArya devanandi-pUjyapAda (IsAkI chaThI zatI) ne apane sarvArthasiddhi nAmaka grantha ke adhyAya 2 sUtra 32 pRSTha 324 evaM adhyAya 2 sUtra 3 pRSTha 736 meM mUlAcAra ke pAMcaveM adhikAra kI gAthA saMkhyA kramazaH 29 evaM 47 uddhRta kI haiN| 1. sarvArthasiddhi : dvitIya-saMskaraNa bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, sampAdaka evaM anuvAdaka paM0 phUlacanda siddhAntazAstrI /

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24 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana mUlAcAra aura gommaTasAra AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ( 10-11 vIM zatI) dvArA racita gommaTasAra jIvakANDa' meM bhI mUlAcAra ko aneka gAthAe~ jyoM kI tyoM milatI haiM / yathA -- 221, 223, 226, 328, 315, 316, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1102, 1103, 1148, 1151 ye mUlAcAra kI gAthAe~ gommaTasAra jIvakANDa meM kramazaH 113, 114, 89, 221, 224, 225, 25, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 81, 82, 429, 426, pAI jAtI haiM / mUlAcAra kA gati - agati viSayaka varNana amRtacandrAcArya (10 vIM zatI ke uttarArddha) viracita tattvArthasAra nAmaka grantha meM arthataH jyoM kA tyoM pAyA jAtA haiM / yathA-- mUlAcAra kI gAthA saMkhyA 1964 evaM 1965 kI chAyArUpa tatvArthasAra ke 2 / 154, 2 / 157 meM pAI jAtI haiM / mUlAcAra aura prabhAcandrAcArya prameyaka malamArtaNDa Adi mahAn granthoM ke lekhaka prabhAcandrAcArya (11 vIM zatI) ne apane tattvArthavRttipada vivaraNa (sarvArthasiddhi vyAkhyA) meM mUlAcAra ke bArahaveM paryApta adhikAra kI 93, 107 tathA 111 vIM gAthAyeM uddhRta kI haiN| 2 isI prakAra mulAcAra tathA usakI gAthAoM kA ullekha digambara paramparA meM anyAnya granthoM meM dekhane ko milatA hai / mUlAcAra tathA zvetAmbara grantha jaisA ki pahale kahA gayA ki digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM hI paramparAoM meM zramaNAcAra viSayaka vipula sAhitya hai / vartamAna meM upalabdha ardhamAgadhI bhASA ke Agama sAhitya ko tathA zaurasenI prAkRta bhASA ke mUlAcAra ko spaSTa rUpa meM jaina dharma kI donoM paramparAoM kA pratinidhitva karane vAlA mAnA hai / ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM zramaNAcAra ke jina niyamoM aura upaniyamoM ko nibaddha kiyA gayA hai tathA mUlAcAra meM zramaNa kI jo AcAra saMhitA nibaddha hai usakI tAttvika aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI preraNA meM koI vizeSa antara pratIta nahIM hotA / ahiMsA ke jisa mUla dharAtala para zramaNAcAra kA mahAprAsAda isa ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM nirmita kiyA gayA hai, usI ahiMsA ke mUla dharAtala para mUlAcAra meM 1. anekAnta, varSa 3, kiraNa 4, pRSTha 301 ( pharavarI 1940 ) / 2. sarvArthasiddhi : dvitIya saMskaraNa pariziSTa saMkhyA - 2. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI dvArA prakAzita evaM paM0 phUlacanda siddhAntazAstrI dvArA sampAdita |

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prAstAvika : 25 zramaNAcAra kA vizAla prAsAda nirmita huA hai / arthAt donoM kI AdhAra bhUmi eka hI hai / mUlAcAra kI kaI gAthAe~ usI rUpa meM athavA thor3e-bahuta parivartanoM ke sAtha zvetAmbara paramparA ke bhI kucha mahattvapUrNa granthoM meM pAI jAtI haiM / yahA~ yaha spaSTa kara denA ucita hai ki antima rUpa se yaha kahanA kaThina hogA ki anya granthakAroM ne mUlAcAra kI gAthAe~ apane granthoM meM samAviSTa kI haiM yA mUlAcArakAra ne anya granthoM se kucha gAthAe~ lekara apane grantha meM samAviSTa kI haiM / kintu yaha tathya hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI nirgrantha paramparA jaba do bhAgoM meM vibhakta huI, taba paramparA-bheda ke pUrva kA samAgata zruta donoM paramparAoM ke AcAryoM muniyoM ko kaMThastha thA / ataH unhoMne sarvamAnya pracalita gAthAoM Adi kA apane-apane abhISTa viSaya vivecana ke prasaMga meM usakA yathAyogya sthAnoM para upayoga kiyA / isase mUlAcAra kI maulikatA para koI asara nahIM par3atA / yahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA ke kucha granthoM se mUlAcAra kI samAnatA prastuta hai - mUlAcAra aura Avazyaka niryukti zvetAmbara paramparA ke kucha Agama granthoM para AcArya bhadrabAhu ne niryuktiyA~ banAIM / inhIM niryuktiyoM meM se Avazyaka niryukti aura mUlAcAra ke SaDAvazyaka - dhikAra meM kaI samAna gAthAe~ pAI jAtI haiM / " udAharaNArtha prastuta haiM mUlAcAra Ava0 ni0 mUlAcAra Ava0 ni0 mUlAcAra Ava0 ni0 paMca ya / rAgaddosakasAye ya iMdiyANi ya parIsa he uvasagge NAsayaMto rAgaddosa kasAe iMdiANi A parIsa he uvasagge nAsayaMto Namo'rihA ||7|3|| paMca vi / namo'rihA / / 998 // dIhakAlamayaM jaMtU usido aTTha kammahi / side dhatte Nidhatte ya siddhattamuvagacchai ||7|6|| kammaMsesiyamaTThahA / dIhArayaM siadhaM taMti siddhassa siddhattamupajAyai / / 953 // bArasaMgaM jiNakkhAdaM sajjhAyaM kathitaM budhe / upadesai sajjhAyaM teNuvajjhAu uccadi / / 7110 // bArasaMgo jiNakkhAo sajjhAo kahio buhehi / taM uvaisaMti jamhA uvajhAyA teNa vuccati // 997 // 1. anekAnta, varSa 2, kiraNa, 5, 1 mArca 1939, pR0 322 /

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26 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana isI taraha mUlAcAra kI 512, 517, 125, 514, 525, 526, 530, 531, vIM gAthAe~ Avazyakaniyukti meM kramazaH 1002, 87, 666, 926, 797, 798, 799, 801 para samAna yA kucha pAThabheda ke sAtha upalabdha hai| kintu mUlAcAra kI gAthA saMkhyA 7 / 25 kA uttarArdha Avazyaka niyukti ko gAthA saMkhyA 798 ke uttarArdha se nahIM milatA, kyoMki yaha kundakunda ke niyamasAra gAthA saMkhyA 128 ke pUrvArdha ke samAna hai| mUlAcAra kI 7 / 24,25 vIM gAthAe~ niyamasAra meM 127-126 para haiN| paM0 sukhalAla jI saghavI ne 'sAmAyika pratikramaNa- rahasya' nAmaka apanI pustaka meM tathA darzana aura cintana grantha ke khaNDa 2 pRSTha 203 meM mUlAcAra ke SaDAvazyakAdhikAra tathA Avazyakaniyukti kI gAthAoM kI paraspara meM samAnatA kI sUcI isa prakAra dI hai mUlAcAra-505, 524, 538, 510, 560, 561, 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 569, 576, 577, 578, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 539, 540, 541, 544, 546, 549, 550, 551, 552, 553, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 599, 600, 601, 603, 604, 605, 606, 607, 608, 610, 612, 613, 614, 615, 617, 621, 626, 632, 633, 644, 641, 642, 643, 645, 648, 656, 668, 669, 671, 674, 675, 676, 677 / Avazyakaniyukti-921, (149 bhASya), 954, 1069, 1076, 1077, 1069, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1102, 1103, 1217, 1105, 1107, 1191, 1106, 1193, 1198, (logasta 1,7) 1058, 1057, 195, 197, 199, 201, 202, 1059, 1060, 1062, 1061,1063, 1064, 1065,1066, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1225, 1233, 1247, 1231, 1232, 1250, 1243, 1244, (263 bhASya), 1515 (248249 bhASya), 250, 251, 1589, 1447, 1358, 1546, 1547, 1541, 1479, 1498, 1490, 1492 / / mUlAcAra aura piNDaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti ke atirikta piNDaniyukti (A0 bhadrabAhu viracita) aura mUlAcAra meM paraspara kucha samAna gAthAyeM thor3e-bahuta pATha-bheda ke sAtha pAI jAtI haiM / jaisemUlAcAra ghAdIdaNimitta AjIve vaNivage ya tegiche / kodhI mANI mAyI lohI ya havaMti dasa ede / / 6 / 26 / / puvI pacchA saMthudi vijjAmaMte ya cuNNajoge ya / uppAdaNA ya doso solasamo mUlakamme ya / / 6 / 27 / /

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piNDaniyukti mUlAcAra piNDaniyukti prAstAvika : 27 dhANimittaM AjIvavaNImage tigicchA ya / kohe mANe mAyA lobhe ya havaMti dasa ee // 408 // puvvi pacchA saMthava vijjAmaMte ya cunna joge ya / upAyaNAidosA solasame mUlakamme ya || 446 // Adake uvasagge titikkhaNe baMbhaceraguttIo / pANidayAtava heU sarIraparihAravocchedo / / 6 / 61 / / uggama uppAdaNa esaNaM ca saMjojaNaM pamANaM ca / iMgAla ghUma kAraNa aTThavihA piNDasuddhI du || 6 | 2|| AyaMke uvasagge tirikkhayA baMbhaceraguttIsu / pANidayA tavaheuM sarIravoccheNa NaTThAe // piDe uggama uppAyanesaNA joyaNA pamANaM ca / iMgAladhUmakAraNaM aTThavihA piNDaNijjattI // 666, 1 // uparyukta gAthAoM ke atirikta mUlAcAra kI gAthA saMkhyA 422, 423, 487, 350, 479, 462, piNDaniryukti meM kramazaH 92, 93, 107, 692, 662, 530, gAthAe~ thor3e-bahuta zabda parivartana ke sAtha samAna milatI haiM / kucha niryuktiyoM ke sAtha hI zvetAmbara paramparA ke anya granthoM meM bhI mUlAcAra ke samAna gAthAe~ pAI jAtI haiM / jIvasamAsa aura AturapratyAkhyAna prakIrNaka meM bhI aisI hI kucha samAna gAthAe~ upalabdha haiM / mUlAcAra aura jIvasamAsa jIvasamAsa nAmaka grantha mahArASTrI prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha / " isake kartA ajJAta haiM / isameM 286 gAthAe~ haiM / mUlAcAra aura jIvasamAsa donoM kI bahuta sI gAthAe~ samAna haiM / bhASA Adi kI dRSTi se alpAdhika antara ke sAtha nimna gAthAe~ eka jaisI milatI haiM / mUlAcAra (paMcama paMcAcArAdhikAra ) - 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 ye gAthAe~ jIvasamAsa meM kramazaH 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 40, 41, 42, 43, 44 saMkhyA meM samAna rUpa se milatI haiM / jaise mUlAcAra puDhavI ya bAlugA sakkarA ya uvale silA ya loNe ya / aya taMva tauya sIsaya ruppa suvaNNe ya vareya || 5|9|| 1. paMca zakAdi saMgraha - zrI RSabhadeva kezarImala jaina zve0 saMsthA ratalAma, 1928

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28 : mUlAcAra kA samokSAtmaka adhyayana jIvasamAsa puDhavI ya sakkarA vAluyA ya uvale silA ya soNUse / ayataMbatauyasIsaya ruppasuvaNNe yaH vaire ya // 27 // mUlAcAra kaMdA mUlA challI khaMdhaM pattaM pavAla pupphaphalaM / gucchA gummA vallI taNANi taha pavva kAyA ya // 5 / 17 / / jIvasamAsa kaMdA mUlA challI kaTThA pattA pavAla pupphaphalA / gucchA gummA vallI taNANi taha pavvayA ceva / / 35 // mUlAcAra eyA ya koDikoDI NavaNavadIkoDisadasahassAI / paNNAsaM ca sahassA saMvaggINaM kulANa koDIo / / 5 / 28 // jIvasamAsa egA koDAkoDI sattANauI bhave sayasahassA / pannAsaM ca sahassA kulakoDIo muNayanvA / / 44 / / uparyukta gAthAoM meM se mUlAcAra kI 5 / 17 vI gAthA meM khaMdhaM pATha ke sthAna para jIvasamAsa meM 'kaTTA' pATha hai / mUlAcAra kI 24 vIM gAthA meM 'bAvIsa' kI jagaha jIvasamAsa meM 'bArasa' pATha hai / mUlAcAra kI 5 / 27 vI gAthA meM manuSyoM ke caudaha lAkha karor3a bheda kI jagaha jIvasamAsa gAthA 43 meM manuSyoM ke kula bheda 12 lAkha karor3a nirdiSTa haiM / isI se unakI samasta saMkhyA meM bheda hai| isI prakAra mUlAcAra kI 28 vI gAthA meM sabhI kuloM kI saMkhyA eka kor3Akor3I ninyAnave lAkha pacAsa hajAra kI jagaha jIvasamAsa gAthA saMkhyA 44 meM eka kor3Akor3I santAnave lAkha pacAsa hajAra kI saMkhyA kA ullekha hai / isa prakAra mUlAcAra kI uparyukta aThAraha gAthAoM meM pRthvI, apa, teja, vAyu Adi kA jo varNana kiyA hai vaha jIvasamAsa meM bhI prAyaH usI krama se upalabdha hotA hai / digambara paramparA ke kucha granthoM meM bhI isI prakAra kA varNana milatA hai kintu jIvasamAsa kI 30, 36 evaM 65 Adi gAthAoM meM pRthvIkAya Adi kA jo viSaya vivecana milatA hai vaha upalabdha zvetAmbara paramparA ke Agama granthoM meM dikhAI nahIM pdd'taa|' mUlAcAra aura AturapratyAkhyAna / ___ zvetAmbara paramparA ke prakIrNaka granthoM meM vIrabhadra mahAmuni praNIta (saMkalita) AurapaccakkhANa (AturapratyAkhyAna) payannA meM jIvana ke antima bhAga ko sudhArane tathA Age sadgati prApta karane kI vidhi kA sundara pratipAdana hai / isameM 70 gAthAyeM haiM / dasa gAthAoM ke bAda kA kucha bhAga gadya meM hai / AturapratyAkhyAna kI 70 gAthAoM meM se 60 gAthAyeM mUlAcAra ke bRhatpratyAkhyAnasaMstarastava nAmaka dvitIya adhikAra se bilakula samAna yA alpAdhika antara ke sAtha milatI haiN| jaise1. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-4 pRSTha 165. 2. dekhie, ArAdhanAsAra meM saMkalita AurapaccakkhANa paiNNA /

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prAstAvika : 29 mUlAcAra dvitIya adhikAra--37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 52, 51; 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79, 80, 82, 83, 85, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, tRtIya adhikAra-108, 109, 110, 111, 112, ye gAthAe~ AturapratyAkhyAna meM kramazaH gAthA saMkhyA 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 prAyaH samAna pAI jAtI haiN| AturapratyAkhyAna kI gAthA saMkhyA 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 24, 27-33, 35-38, 40-45, 47, 49-58, 61-63, 65, 66, 68, 69 lagabhaga ye 45 gAthAeM to mUlAcAra kI gAthAoM se binA kisI antara ke samAna milatI haiM / zeSa gAthAoMmeM avazya alpAdhika antara hai jaisemUlAcAra bajhaMbbhaMtaramavahiM sarIrAiM ca bhoyaNaM / maNeNa vaci kAyeNa savvaM tiviheNa vosare // 2 / 40 / Atu0 pra0 bajjhaM ambhitaraM uvahiM sarIrAi sabhoyaNaM / maNasA vayakAehiM savvabhAveNa vosire // 19 // mUlAcAra kaMdappamAbhijoggaM kibbisa sammohamAsurattaM ca / 2 / 63 / kaMdappadevakibvisaabhiyogA AsurI ya saMmohA // 39 / mUlAcAra vIro jaramaraNariu vIro viNNANaNANasaMpaNNo / logassujjoyayaro jiNavaracaMdo disadu bodhi // 2 106 / Atu0 pra0 dhIro jaramaraNaviU vIro vinnANanANasaMpanno / loggassujjoyagaro disau khayaM savva dukkhANaM / / 70 / mUlAcAra uDDhamadho tiriyajhidukadANi-bAlamaraNANi bahugANi / 2 / 75 / / Atu. pra. uDDhamahe viriyamivi mayANi jIveNa bAlamaraNANi // 46 / . zvetAmbara paramparA ke ina granthoM ke atirikta aura bhI aneka granthoM meM mUlAcAra ke samAna gAthAyeM, viSaya, paramparAyeM, zabdAvalI tathA AcAra, vicAra aura vyavahAra Adi kA varNana milatA hai, jina para alaga se vistRta tulanAtmaka adhyayana aura anusaMdhAna apekSita hai| Atu0 pra0

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30 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana mUlAcAra kA kartRtva viSayaka vivAda : prAcInakAla meM sAhitya kA sRjana lokopakAra kI bhAvanA se prerita hokara kiyA jAtA thA, ataH AtmazlAghA bhaya se kucha granthakartA apanA pUrA paricaya. denA ucita nahIM mAnate the / yahI kAraNa hai jaina sAhitya hI kyA anya bhAratIya sAhitya jagat meM Aja bhI aneka aise mahattvapUrNa grantha haiM jinakA kartRtvaviSayaka matabheda Aja bhI vidyamAna hai / jaina sAhitya jagat meM bhI aise granthoM kI kamI nahIM hai / mUlAcAra isakA eka mahAn udAharaNa bhI hai / isake kartRtva ke viSaya meM vividha vidvAnoM ke madhya aneka matabheda haiM / kucha vidvAn mUlAcAra ko vaTTakerAcAryakRta mAnate haiM to kucha kundakundAcAryakRta aura kucha to ise saMgrahagrantha hI mAnate rahe / isa viSaya meM vibhinna prAcIna AcAryoM aura Adhunika vidvAnoM ke vibhinna matoM ko suvidhA kI dRSTi se tIna zreNiyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai / 1 - kundakundAcAryakRta mAnane vAle, 2 - saMgrahagrantha mAnane vAle, 3 vaTTakerAcAryakRta mAnane vAle / kundakundAcAryakRta mAnane vAle AcArya aura vidvAn : mUlAcAra kI kucha TIkAoM para AcArya kundakunda dvArA racita hone kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / tathA kundakundAcArya ke granthoM kI bahuta gAthAyeM mUlAcAra meM pAye jAne ke kAraNa kucha AcArya aura vidvAn ise kundakundAcAryakRta hI mAnane lage / mUlAcAra kI AcAravRtti samApti kI ghoSaNA ke bAda bhI eka puSpikA' dvArA ise kundakundAcArya praNIta hone kI sUcanA ke kAraNa bhramavaza kucha vidvAnoM kA jhukAva bhI AcArya kundakundakRta hone kI ora ho gayA / mUlAcAra sadvRtti nAmaka karnATaka TIkA meM meghacandrAcArya tathA munijana cintAmaNi nAmaka eka anya karnATaka TIkA meM ise AcArya kundakunda kI racanA hone kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 2 mUDabidrI sthita paM0 lokanAtha zAstrI sarasvatI bhaNDAra (jainamaTha) kI mUlAcAra kI tAr3apatrIya pratisaMkhyA 56 ke anta meM AcArya vasunandI kI TIkA kI samApti meM eka prazasti padya kiyA gayA hai jisameM AcArya kundakunda racita hone 1. iti mUlAcAravivRtto dvAdazo'dhyAyaH / kundakundAcAryapraNItamUlAcArAkhyavivRtiH / kRtiriyaM vasunandinaH zrIzramaNasya / / mUlAcAra bhAga 2, pR0 324 2. kundakunda mUlAcAra ( hindI anuvAda) kI prastAvanA, pR0 14

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prAstAvika : 31 kI sUcanA hai|' isa padya ke caturtha caraNa kA AdhA bhAga truTita hai evaM do-eka sthala saMdigdha haiM, tathApi itanA to spaSTa likhA hai ki 'yaha mUlAcAra nAmaka zAstra Adi jinendra vRSabhanAtha dvArA upadiSTa hai aura vaha paramparA-pravAha se Akara AcArya kundakunda ko prApta huaa| use divyacAraNa Rddhi dhArakoM meM antima AcArya kundakunda ne rcaa| usakI vyAkhyA AcArya vasunandi ne kI, usameM pramAda-janya bhUloM ko zAstravettA saMzodhana karake par3heM' / 2 isa padya ke Azaya se spaSTa hai ki yaha padya AcArya vasunandi kA bhI nahIM hai apitu kisI lipikAra kA prazastipadya hai| Adhunika vidvAnoM meM sva0 paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra3, paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI, kSullaka siddhisAgara, kSullaka jinendravarNI prabhRti vidvAnoMne AcArya kundakunda athavA elAcArya ko hI vRttikAra-vaTTa kerAcArya mAnA hai / inake nAma ke AdhAra para prAkRta vyAkaraNAdi se siddha karane kA prayAsa bhI kiyA hai| ina vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai ki kundakundAcArya ne khaDkhaNDAgama ke tIna khaNDoM para 'parikarma vRtti' likhI hai / ataH vRttikAra se 'vaTTakera' aisA nAma pracalana meM aayaa| kSullaka siddhisAgara ne likhA hai 'vaTTaka yA vaTTa' kA artha jyeSTha, pradhAna yA vRhad hotA hai / ataH vRhad-elAcArya, jyeSTha elAcArya yA pradhAna elAriya ko vaTTa kerAcArya kA nAmAntara samajhanA cAhie / 4 kSullaka jinendravarNI ne likhA hai-'mUlAcAra' nAma ke do grantha upalabdha hai-eka meM racayitA kA nAma AcArya vaTTakera diyA hai tathA dUsare meM kunda ch mUlAcArAkhyazAstraM vRSabhajinavaropajJamahatpravAhAdAyAtaM kundakundAhvayacaramalasaccAraNassu praNItam / / tadvyAkhyAM vAsunandImabudha vilikhanAvAcanAnAyAmA sabhaktyA, ......"saMzodhyAdhyatu mahamikRtayati kRti".....||205|| anekAnta varSa 13, kiraNa 1, pR0 18, julAI 1954 / paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI ke lekha se uddhRta 2. vahI 3. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, prathamakhaNDa, pRSTha 99-101 4 anekAnta, varSa 12, kiraNa 12, pR0 372 5. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 2, pR0 127 tathA bhAga 3, pR0 330 6. mANikacanda jaina granthamAlA se vi0 saM0 1977 tathA 1980 meM do bhAgoM meM prakAzita /

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32 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kundAcArya / donoM granthoM meM kucha mAtra gAthAoM ko chor3akara zeSa samAna haiM / para vaTTakerAcArya va kundakundAcArya eka hI vyakti the / paM0 paramAnanda zAstrI ne mUlAcAra ko pahale kundakundAcArya kRta' isake bAda saMgraha grantha tathA punaH mUlAcAra kI maulikatA siddha karate hue ise kundakundAcArya kRta batAyA / 4 ina matoM ke bAda bhI abhI kucha samaya pUrva prakAzita apane eka lekha dvArA inhoMne apanI pUrva mAnyatAoM kA khaNDana karake paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI kI mAnyatA kA samarthana kiyA aura ise vaTTakerAcArya viracita btaayaa| paM0 jinadAsa pArzvanAtha zAstrI phaDakule ne mUlAcAra kI bhASAnuvAda kI prastAvanA meM ise kundakundAcAryakRta mAnakara tathA mUlAcAra ke racayitA ke sthAna para kundakundAcArya kA hI nAma dekara, ise vaTTakerAcArya kRta hone kA khaMDana kiyA hai| isI prastAvanA meM kucha kannaDI pratilipiyoM Adi ke bhI pramANa diye haiN| mUlAcAra ko saMgraha grantha mAnane vAle : mUlAcAra ko aneka vidvAn maulika kRti na mAnakara eka saMgraha grantha mAnate haiN| paM0 paramAnanda jI ne mUlAcAra meM digambara-zvetAmbara paramparA ke granthoM kI aneka gAthAoM kI samAnatA ke AdhAra para ise saMgraha grantha mAnA thaa| kintu ye apanI isa pUrva mAnyatA kA khaNDana karake ise maulika evaM vaTTakerAcArya kI kRti siddha kara cuke haiN| mani zrI darzanavijaya jI ne anya granthoM kI gAthAoM kI samAnatA ke AdhAra para mUlAcAra ko upalabdha jinAgama aura zvetAmbara jainagranthoM se hI 1. mUlAcAra, paM0 jinadAsa pArzvanAtha zAstrI phar3akule kRta bhASAnuvAda prakAzaka-AcArya zAntisAgara jinavANI jIrNoddhAraka saMsthA, phalTana, vI0 ni0 2484 / 2. anekAnta, varSa 2, kiraNa 3, pR0 221-224 / 3. vahI, varSa 2, kiraNa 5, (1940) pR0 319-324 / 4. vahI, varSa 12, kiraNa, 11, pR0 355-359 / 5. vIra nirvANa smArikA, jayapura (1975), pR0 2 / 65-67 / 6. anekAnta, varSa 2, kiraNa 5, pR0 319-324 / 7. vIra nirvANa smArikA, jayapura, 1975, pR0 2065-67 /

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prAstAvika : 33 nirmita batAyA hai| inhoMne zvetAmbara paramparA ke kucha granthoM se mUlAcAra kI kucha gAthAoM kA milAna bhI kiyA hai|' paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI ne mUlAcAra ko saMgrahagrantha mAnA hai| inhoMne aMtima bhadravAhu dvArA saMkalita niyuktisaMgraha kI aneka gAthAyeM mUlAcAra meM saMgrahIta batAte hue AcArya vaTTakera ko vikrama kI chaThI sadI ke bAda kA mAnA hai / . paM0 narottamazAstrI ne mUlAcAra ko eka saMpAdita grantha mAnate hue likhA hai ki isakA sampAdana kAla tIsarI sadI ke bAda kA nahIM ho sktaa| - vaTTakerAcAryakRta mAnane vAle : AcArya vasunandi vikrama kI 11-12vIM zatI ke AcArya haiM / inhoMne apanI AcAravRtti meM aneka sthAnoM para mUlAcAra ke kartA ke rUpa meM vaTTakera kA nAmollekha kiyA hai / mUlAcAravRtti ke prArambha ke isa kathana kA Azaya yaha hai ki bala, buddhi aura Ayu meM alpa ziSyajanoM ke lie vaTTakerAcArya ne aTThAraha hajAra pada pramANa AcArAMga ko saMkSipta karake mUlAcAra ko bAraha adhikAroM meM prastuta kiyA hai| apanI vRtti ke anta meM bhI vaTTakera ko hI isakA kartA ullekha kiyA hai| itanA hI nahIM, vasunandi ne mUlAcAra ke sAtaveM se antima adhikAra taka ke sabhI adhikAroM ke anta meM mUlAcAra ko AcAryavarya vaTkerakRta hone kA ullekha kiyA hai|" mUlAcAra ke dvitIya bhAga ke anta meM diye gaye paM0 medhAvi kavi dvArA likhita prazasti pATha meM bhI ise vaTTakerAcAryakRta kahA gayA hai|6|| ___ AdaraNIya paM0 nAthUrAma premI ne "mUlAcAra ke kartA vaTTa keri" nAmaka lekha meM ise vaTTakerAcAryakRta mAnate hue likhA hai-"dakSiNa bhArata meM gAMvoM ke nAma vyakti ke nAma se pahale likhane kI paddhati bahuta samaya se hai ! jaise sarvapallI DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNana yahA~ "sarvapallI" zabda unake gAMva kA hI sUcaka hai| 'koNDakuNDa' gAMva ke rahane vAle AcArya kundakunda tathA tumbulUra grAma ke rahane ke kAraNa 1. zrI jainasatyaprakAza (mAsika patrikA) varSa 6, aMka 1, kramAMka 61, pR0 7. 2. sanmati prakaraNa-prastAvanA, pR0 48. 3. guru gopAladAsa varaiyA smRti grantha, pR0 384. * 4. mUlAcAravRtti mUlaguNAdhikAra, bhAga 1, pR0 2. 5. itizrImadAcAryavaryavaTTakeripraNItamUlAcAre zrIvasunandipraNItaTIkAsahite dvAdazo'dhikAraH / mUlAcAra bhAga 2, 12 / 206, pR0 324. 6. zrImadvaTTerakAcAryakRta sUtrasya savidheH / ___mUlAcArasya sadvRtteturnAmAvalI ve // -mUlAcAra bhAga 2, prazasti pATha 5, pR0 325.

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34 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana tumbalUrAcArya kahalAye, vaise hI mUlAcAra ke kartA vaTuMgerI yA veTTekerI grAma ke hI rahane vAle hoMge ataH vaTTa keri kahalAne lage / vaTTa keri nAma unake gA~va kA bodhaka honA cAhie / kannar3a bhASA ke beTTageri kRSNazarmA nAma ke eka suprasiddha kavi bhI haiN| jo gadaga (dhAravAr3a) ke pAsa beTTageri yA vaTTakerI grAma ke rahane vAle haiM / ataH mUlAcAra ke kartA kA mUlanAma kyA thA yaha bhUla gaye, mAtra vaTTakeri itanA nAmAMza bacA rahA / dakSiNa meM beTTa kA artha choTI pahAr3I yA parvata tathA 'gerI yA kerI' kA artha galI yA muhallA tathA kere tAlAba ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai / belagA~va aura dhAravAr3a jile meM isa nAma ke aba bhI gA~va maujUda haiN| zravaNa velagola meM eka muhalle kA nAma beTTageri hai| kArakala ke hirayaMgaDi vasati ke padmAvatIdevI maMdira ke eka stambha para zaka saMvat 1397 (vi0saM0 1532) kA eka kannaDI zilAlekha bhI hai| isameM beTTakeri gA~va kA do bAra nAmollekha hai| yaha kArakala ke AsapAsa hI kahIM honA cAhie / ataH merA anumAna hai ki mUlAcAra ke kartA vaTTakeri gA~va ke nivAsI hone ke kAraNa vaTTa kera kahalAne lage aura inakA mUlanAma kyA thA, yaha loga bhUla gye| AdaraNIya premIjI ne isI lekha ko Age bar3hAte hue "jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa" meM likhA hai ki mUlAcAra kI kucha hastalikhita pratiyoM meM kundakundAcArya praNIta likhA huA mila jAne se vaTTakeri ko kundakundAcArya kA vizeSaNasiddha karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA-vaTTaka-vartaka-pravartaka, irA-girA-vANI Adi / parantu DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ke zabdoM meM-'yaha saba tarka aura zabda kauzala mAtra hai / vaTkeri zabda saMskRta hai yA nahIM, jaba isI meM sandeha hai taba usakI saMskRta vyutpatti dekara vRttikAra se vaTTara siddha karanA kevala Agraha mAtra hai| paM0 kailAzacanda jI zAstrI ne likhA hai-yadi mUlAcAra ke TIkAkAra AcArya vasunandi ne apanI TIkA meM usake racayitA kA nAma vaTTakerAcArya na diyA hotA to mUlAcAra ko kundakundakRta mAnane meM zAyada koI vivAda paidA na huA hotaa| 1. sAutha iMDiyana inskripzansa, jilda, 7. 2. puliseTibaliya beTTakeriya llitNnnnnbhaage""| "bAgiseTiyabaliya beTTakeri ya devarU bhaage...|| -jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa pR0 549 se uddhRta / 3. jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga 12, kiraNa, 1, julAI 1945. tathA jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa-pR0 549. 4. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 549-550. 5. purAtanavAkya sUcI, pR0 18-19.

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prAstAvika : 35 kintu dUsare nAma ke rahate hue sabala pramANoM ke binA mUlAcAra ko kundakunda kA nahIM kahA jA sakatA / Apane eka lekha meM bhI likhA hai ki itanA to sunizcita rIti se kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha AcArya kunkunda kI kRti nahIM ho sktii| ___ AdaraNIya premIjI ne likhA hai-kucha vidvAnoM ne eka kadama aura Age bar3ha kara mUlAcAra aura kundakunda kI bahuta sI gAthAoM ko eka sI batalAkara aura dUsare aneka viSayoM kI samAnatA khojakara donoM ko eka siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA, kintu merI samajha meM yaha prayatna bhI galata dizA meM huA hai / mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki yaha grantha AcArya kundakunda kA to nahIM hI hai, unako vicAra paramparA kA bhI nahIM hai, balki yaha usa paramparA kA jAna par3atA hai jisameM zivArya aura aparAjita hue haiM / ____ AcArya pUjyapAdakRta sarvArthasiddhi kI prastAvanA meM siddhAntAcArya paM0 phUlacanda jI zAstrI ne zruta paramparA ke sambandha meM likhA hai ki jaina paramparA meM racanA kI dRSTi se jisa zruta kI sarvaprathama gaNanA kI jA sakatI hai usakA saMkSepa meM vivaraNa isa prakAra haianyanAma kartA racanAkAla SaTkhaNDAgama AcArya puSpadanta vikrama kI dUsarI zatAbdI bhUtavali yA isake pUrva kaSAyaprAbhRta AcArya guNadhara vikrama kI dUsarI zatAbdI yA samakAlIna kaSAyaprAbhUta cUNi AcArya yativRSabha AcArya guNadhara ke kucha kAla bAda samayaprAbhRta, pravacanasAra AcArya kundakunda vikrama kI pahalI-dUsarI paJcAstikAya va zatAbdi aSTaprAbhRta mUlAcAra (AcArAMga) AcArya vaTTa kera AcArya kundakunda ke samakAlIna mUlArAdhanA AcArya zivArya (bhagavatI ArAdhanA) tattvArthasUtra AcArya gRddhapiccha AcArya kundakunda ke sama lIna yA kucha kAla bAda 1. kundakunda prAbhRta saMgraha prastAvanA, pR0 46. 2. AcArya zAntisAgara janmazatAbdi smRti grantha pR. 72. 3. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa pR0 55.. 4. sarvArthasiddhiH prastAvanA pRSTha 18-19.

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36 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ___ isa vivaraNa meM mUlAcAra ko vaTTakera kRta batalAte hue unheM kundakundAcArya ke samakAlIna mAnA hai| DaoN0 nemicanda zAstrI ne mUlAcAra ko vaTTakerAcArya kI racanA batalAte hue likhA hai : mUlAcAra kA adhyayana karane se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki vaTTakera eka svatantraM AcArya haiM aura ye kundakundAcArya se bhinna haiN| samIkSA evaM niSkarSa : mUlAcAra ke kartA se sambandhita mAnyatAoM ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha eka samasyAmUlaka grantha rahA hai kintu aba digambara paramparA kA mUla prAcIna sAhitya jaise-jaise sAmane A rahA hai tathA usakA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ho rahA hai vaise-vaise mUlAcAra kI maulikatA aura prAcInatA ke kAphI pramANa sAmane A rahe haiM / anveSaNa ke daurAna isa viSaya meM aise tathya dRSTigocara hote haiM jinake AdhAra para yaha kRti AcAryavarya vaTTakera kI hI siddha hotI hai| yahA~ uparyukta sabhI matabhedoM kI samIkSApUrvaka vivecanA prastuta hai| mUlAcAra ko kundakundAcArya kRta mAnane kA prArambha vasunandi kRta vRtti ke anta meM ullikhita puSpikA se hotA hai| kannar3a bhASA kI TIkAoM para bhI kundakundAcArya kRta hone kA ullekha A gyaa| ina pramANoM tathA kundakundAcArya kI kucha gAthAoM se mUlAcAra kI gAthAeM samAna hone ke AdhAra para Adhunika vidvAnoM meM zrI jugalakizora jI mukhtAra, jinadAsa pArzvanAtha zAstrI Adi ullikhita vidvAnoM ne vaTTakerAcArya evaM kundakundAcArya ko eka mAnA hai / kintu ina vidvAnoM ko vastusthiti taka pahu~cane ke lie vizeSa pramANa upalabdha nahIM ho paaye| kyoMki usa samaya taka na to anveSaNa ke kSetra kA utanA vikAsa ho pAyA thA aura na isa paramparA viSayaka utanA sAhitya hI prakAza meM A pAyA thA / yahA~ eka prazna yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki mUlAcAra kI AcAravRtti ke anta meM puSpikA ke antargata AcArya kundakunda kA nAma kaise AyA ? yahA~ dhyAna dene yogya bAta yaha hai ki AcAra vRttikAra vasunandi hI apanI vRtti ke prArambha meM aura anta meM mUlAcAra ko vaTTakerAcArya kI racanA hone kA ullekha karate haiM / taba ye hI anta kI puSpikA meM mUlAcAra ko kundakundAcAryakRta hone kA ullekha kaise kareMge ? spaSTa hai ki vasunandi jaise prAmANika AcArya eka grantha ko do AcAryoM kA kartRtva nahIM kaha sakate haiN| tathya yaha hai ki kundakundAcArya 1. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga 2, pR0 119.

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prAstAvika : 37 kI kRti kahane vAlI puSpikA vasunandi ko nahIM apitu prasiddha karane kI dRSTi me lipikAra dvArA puSpikA meM aisA ullekha kiyA gayA lagatA hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki mUlAcAra jaisI ucca kRti para kRtikAra kA vaTTakera yaha adhUrA sA nAma dekhakara ise kundakundAcArya kRta hI lipikAra ne samajha liyA ho aura sambhavataH inhIM saba AdhAroM para karnATaka TIkAkAroM dvArA bhI mUlAcAra ko kundakundAcArya ko kRti jAnakara prasiddha karane kI dRSTi se vaTTakera kI apekSA kundakunda kA nAmollekha kiyA gayA hai| isake sambandha meM paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI kA yaha kathana uddhRta karanA hI paryApta hai ki jaba vRttikAra do-do sthAnoM para AcArya vaTTakera ko granthakartA batalAte haiM, taba lipikartA kA likhA huA kundakundAcArya kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne kundakundAcArya ko SaTkhaNDAgama ke tIna khaNDoM para parikarma nAmaka vRtti kA racayitA mAnakara unheM vRttikAra banAyA, aura vRttikAra se vaTTakera pracalita hone tathA vaTTaka-vartaka-pravartaka, irA-girA, vANI Adi rUpa se vaTTakera ko vRttikAra kundakundAcArya aura vaTTakera zabda meM Airiya zabda aura jor3akara vartaka + elA + AcArya = vartaka-elAcArya arthAt AcArya kundakunda kA aparanAma ailAcArya artha nikAlA / kintu yaha saba zabda cAturya mAtra pratIta hotA hai / kyoMki vaTTa kera zabda apane Apa meM na to saMskRta bhASA kA hai jisake AdhAra para vRttikAra se vaTTakera banA leM aura na prAkRta bhASA kA zabda hai / vastutaH yaha kannar3a bhASA kA zabda hai jo ki kisI nagara vizeSa ke nAma kA sUcaka hai / premI jI tathA DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye kI bhI yahI mAnyatA hai| dakSiNa bhArata meM apane nAma ke Age gA~va yA nagara kA nAma likhane kI paddhati bhI bahuta prAcIna hai hii| mUlAcAra tathA kundakundAcArya ke granthoM kI kucha gAthAyeM samAna hone kA jahA~ taka prazna hai vaha kevala isa bAta kA bhI dyotaka ho sakatA hai ki vaTTakera kundakundAcArya ke paravartI haiN| vaTTakera dvArA paramparA se prApta kucha gAthAoM ko apane grantha meM samAveza karane se vaha dUsare kA grantha nahIM ho jAtA / vaha to kevala apanA kathana yA saMdarbha puSTa karane ke lie hotA hai| yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki ve gAthAyeM pUrva-pracalita hI hoM, jinheM donoM AcAryoM ne apane granthoM meM prasaMgAnusAra apanAyA ho / DaoN0 hIrAlAla jI ne vaTTakera ko kundakunda se bhinna 1. jaina sAhitya aura iAtahAsa pRSTha 553. 2. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pRSTha 550.

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38 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana svIkAra karate hue likhA hai-vaTTakera svAmIkRta mUlAcAra ko kahIM-kahIM kundakundAcAryakRta bhI kahA gayA hai / yadyapi yaha bAta siddha nahIM hotI, tathApi usase isa grantha ke prati samAja kA mahAn AdarabhAva prakaTa hotA hai / ' nAthUrAma jI premI ne to aneka pramANoM dvArA yaha siddha kiyA hai ki mUlAcAra kundakunda paramparA kA grantha nahIM mAlUma hotaa| vidvAnoM se nivedana hai ki ve vaTTakeri ko kundakunda banAne kA prayAsa na karake isa grantha kA jarA aura gaharAI se adhyayana karake yathArtha sthiti ko samajhane kI ceSTA kreN| vastutaH mUlAcAra aura kundakunda ke granthoM kI tulanA karane se bhI mUlAcAra kundakunda kI kRti siddha nahIM hotI, kyoMki donoM kI kathana zailI, mAnyatAyeM, bhASA aura viSaya meM bhinnatA hai| paM. kailAzacanda zAstrI ne isa viSaya meM likhA hai ki isameM sandeha nahIM ki mUlAcAra kundakunda kA RNI hai kintu kundakunda racita pratIta nahIM hotaa| kundakunda racita niyamasAra, pravacanasAra, samayasAra Adi granthoM meM jo racanA vaiziSTya, nirUpaNa kI prAMjalatA tathA adhyAtma kA puTa hai vaha mUlAcAra meM nhiiN| pravacanasAra ke anta meM Agata munidharma ke saMkSipta kintu sArapUrNa varNana se mUlAcAra ke kinhIM varNanoM meM unake sAtha ekarUpatA bhI nahIM hai / mUlAcAra ke samayasArAdhikAra meM kundakunda ke samayasAra grantha kI chAyA bhI nhiiN'| isa prakAra yahA~ prastuta aneka pramANoM se yaha siddha hai ki mUlAcAra kundakunda kRta nahIM hai| mUlAcAra ko saMgraha-grantha mAnane vAle vidvAnoM ke samarthana kA AdhAra mUlAcAra meM pAyI jAne vAlI kucha gAthAoM se anya granthoM kI gAthAoM meM paraspara samAnatA hai vaise pUrvokta kucha vidvAn jina-jina granthoM kI gAthAoM ko mUlAcAra meM saMgrahIta kiye jAne kI bAta kahate haiM, kintu abhI unake Thosa pramANa upasthita nahIM haiM / jahA~ taka paM0 sukhalAla jI saMghavI ke anusAra siddhasena divAkara praNIta 'sanmati-prakaraNa' kI cAra gAthAoM ko mUlAcAra meM liye jAne ke kathana kA prazna hai, usakA bhI abhI pUrNa samarthana prApta nahIM hotA, kyoMki tiloyapaNNatti meM mUlAcAra ke spaSTa ullekha pAye jAne ke kAraNa mUlAcAra 1. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, pR0 105. 2. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 552-553. 3. A0 zAMtisAgara janmazatAbdI smRti grantha, pR0 77-78. 4. sanmati prakaraNa 2 / 40-43 ye gAthAe~ mUlAcAra meM 1087-90 meM saMgrahIta kI gaI haiM-sanmati prakaraNa, prastAvanA pR0 48.

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prAstAvika : 39 tiloyapaNNatti se pUrva kA siddha ho jAtA hai, jabaki sanmati prakaraNa aura tiloyapaNNatti lagabhaga samakAlIna racanAe~ haiN| ataH sanmati prakaraNa kI gAthAoM ko mUlAcAra meM lie jAne kI sambhAvanA kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| ___Avazyakaniyukti aura piNDaniyukti kI kucha gAthAe~ mUlAcAra kI gAthAoM ke samAna hone se bhI ina gAthAoM ko mUlAcAra meM saMgrahIta kiye jAne kI bAta para paM0 paramAnanda jI ne likhA hai ki-yaha sunizcita hai ki vartamAna niyuktiyoM kA nirmANa vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM huA hai / unake kartA dvitIya bhadravAha haiM jo varAhamihira ke bhAI the| isase spaSTa hai ki mUlAcAra una niyuktiyoM se kAphI pUrva kI racanA hai aura jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai bha0 mahAvIra kI nirgrantha paramparA jaba do bhAgoM meM vibhakta huI, ataH usa samaya samAgata zruta (Agama) donoM paramparAoM ke AcAryoM evaM sAdhuoM ko kaMThastha thaa| ataH donoM paramparAoM meM prasaMgAnusAra usakA upayoga apanI-apanI racanAoM meM kiyaa| aisI avasthA meM AdAna-pradAna kI bAta samucita nahIM jAna pdd'tii| isa prakAra uparyukta samIkSaNa se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki mUlAcAra na to kundakundAcArya kI kRti hI siddha hotA hai aura na saMgraha grantha, apitu yaha vaTTakerAcArya kI eka maulika evaM prAcIna kRti hai / hA~, vaTTakera yaha nAma kevala unake janmabhUmi vAle nagara kA sUcaka hone se dakSiNa kI paramparAnusAra hI nAma ke rUpa meM prasiddha ho gayA aura bAkI nAma Aja bhI vismRta hai / vaTTakerAcArya kA ullekha kinhI anya gurvAvaliyoM, abhilekhoM yA grantha prazastiyoM meM mujhe dRSTigocara nahIM huaa| phira bhI vaTTakerAcArya kA vRttAnta, unakI guru paramparA tathA unake vyaktitva aura kRtitva viSayaka vivaraNa atyanta gahana anveSaNoM kI apekSA rakhate haiN| vaise mUlAcAra kI kucha gAthAoM ko lekara vibhinna vidvAnoM ne gutthiyA~ nirmita kI hai| inameM jyAdA ulajhane kI apekSA upalabdha sUtroM ke AdhAra para usa paramparA kA prAcInatama srota khojane kA prayatna kiyA jAnA apekSita hai jo tIthaMkara mahAvIra kI sAdhanA aura unake zramaNa saMgha kI AcAra saMhitA se sIdhA jur3a sake / kartRtva Adi ke viSaya meM to jaise-jaise prAcIna sAhitya, abhilekha Adi srotoM ke gahana adhyayana kI pravRtti bar3hegI vaise-vaise tathya sAmane Ate jaayeNge| 1. vIra nirvANa smArikA, jayapura, 1975, pR0 2 / 66-67.

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40 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana malAcAra kI maulikatA aura prAcInatA : Aja se kucha dazAbdhi pUrva taka mUlAcAra kI maulikatA meM saMdigdhatA kA pramukha kAraNa digambara jaina sAhitya ke pramukha SaTkhaNDAgama, kasAya pAhuDa Adi jaise prAcIna aura prAmANika saiddhAntika granthoM evaM unakI TIkAoM kA pUrNa prakAza meM na AnA thA, kintu jaise-jaise mahattvapUrNa aura prAcIna pramukha grantha tathA unameM ullikhita pramANa prakAza meM Aye tathA Ate jA rahe haiM vaise-vaise mUlAcAra kI prAcInatA aura maulikatA ke prati manISiyoM kI AsthA meM vRddhi hotI jA rahI hai / kucha vidvAnoM ne mUlAcAra ke viSaya meM khojapUrNa nibandha bhI prakAzita kiye haiM jinameM mUlAcAra kI maulikatA aura prAcInatA kA samarthana karate hue use AcArya vaTTakera racita grantha siddha kiyA hai| vizeSa ullekhanIya yaha bhI hai ki kucha vidvAn pahale ise saMgrahagrantha yA AcArya kundakunda kI kRti hone kI bAta apane lekhoM meM likhate the| kintu ve hI vidvAn aba siddhAnta tathA anya granthoM meM mUlAcAra ko AcArAGga jaise mahattvapUrNa ullekhoM evaM mAnyatAoM tathA anyAnya tathyoM ko dekhane ke bAda apanI dhAraNAyeM badala kara mUlAcAra ko maulika grantha mAnane lage haiM / isa sandarbha meM paM0 paramAnanda jI ne "mUlAcAra saMgraha grantha na hokara AcArAGga ke rUpa meM maulika grantha haiM" nAmaka vistRta lekha meM mUlAcAra ko saMgraha grantha ke rUpa meM apanI pUrva mAnyatA kA khaNDana karate hue likhA hai ki maiMne "mUlAcAra saMgraha grantha hai" lekha likhA thaa| usa samaya mUlAcAra kI kucha gAthAyeM Avazyaka niyukti Adi granthoM meM upalabdha hone se maiMne samajha liyA thA ki ye gAthAyeM unhoMne saMgrahIta kI haiM / sAtha hI mUlAcAra ke bArahaveM paryApta adhikAra ko asambaddha bhI likha diyA thA / kintu tulanAtmaka adhyayana karate hue maiMne mUlAcAra aura usakI TIkA "AcAravRtti" kA gaharA manana kiyA aura adhika vAcana-cintana ke phalasvarUpa merA yaha mata sthira nahIM rahA / aba merA dRr3ha nizcaya ho gayA hai ki mUlAcAra saMgraha grantha na hokara eka vyavasthita prAcIna maulika grantha hai| isa prakAra pramukha saiddhAntika granthoM tathA unakI TIkAoM meM mUlAcAra kI vividha gAthAe~ pramANa-svarUpa uddhRta hone se evaM vidvAnoM ke samakSa tathya upasthita hone para mUlAcAra ko maulika grantha svIkRta kiyA hai| AcArya vIrasena ne SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA (81660) meM mUlAcAra ko 1. anekAnta varSa 12 kiraNa 11, aprela 1954, pRSTha 355.

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prAstAvika : 41 AcArAMga ke nAma se ullikhata karate hue mUlAcAra ke paMcama adhikAra kI gAthA saMkhyA 202 isa prakAra uddhRta kI hai-' taha AyAraMga vi buttaM paMcatthikAya chajjIvaNikAye kAladavvamaNNe ya / ANAgejjhe bhAve ANAvicayeNa viciNAdi // 6 // mUlAcAra ke paMcAcArAdhikAra kI isa gAthA ke ullekha se jJAta hotA hai ki A0 vIrasena (I0 8-9 vIM zatI) ke samaya mUlAcAra AcArAMga nAma se prasiddha thA isase mUlAcAra kI prAcInatA aura prAmANikatA svayaM pramANita ho jAtI hai| AcArAMga nAma se mUlAcAra ke nAmollekha dvArA yaha bhI siddha hai ki usa samaya mUlAcAra kA paThana-pAThana kAphI pracalita thaa| AcArAMga ke isa ullekha se yaha prazna uTha sakatA haiM ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM pracalita AcArAMga hI vaha ho kintu aisI bAta nahIM hai, kyoMki tattvArthavArtika meM bhI AcArAMga ke svarUpa kathana tathA praznottara rUpa meM (kadhaM care kadhaM citttth0........| jadaM care jadhaM ciTTe0........ mUlAcAra 101121-22) jo gAthAe~ AyI haiM ve zvetAmbara paramparA ke AcArAMga meM nahIM kintu dazavakAlika meM milatI haiN| isase bhI siddha hotA hai hai ki digambara paramparA meM AcArAMga ke nAmollekha se tAtparya prastuta mUlAcAra hI hai| AcArya vasunandi ne isake maMgalAcaraNa kI vRtti meM tathA AcArya sakalakIrti ne apane mUlAcAra pradIpa' grantha ke prArambha meM yaha ullekha kiyA hai ki AcArAMga grantha kA uddhAra kara prastuta mUlAcAra grantha kI racanA kI gaI hai| mUlAcAra meM eSaNA samiti ke svarUpa kathana meM eSaNA ko kevala AhAra zuddhi ke lie prayoga kiyA hai| usameM kahA hai jo sAdhu udgamAdi 46 doSoM se zuddha, kAraNa sahita, navakoTi se vizuddha, zItoSNAdi bhakSya padArthoM meM rAga-dvaSAdi rahita, samabhAvapUrvaka bhojana va AhAra grahaNa karanA atyanta nirmala eSaNA samiti hai| yaha isakA prAcIna aura mUlasvarUpa hai jo ki bAda meM vikRta ho gayA aura kucha paramparAoM meM piNDaSaNA ke sAtha vastra, pAtra Adi ko bhI sammilita kara liyaa| 1. SaTkhaNDAgama dhavalA TIkA jIvasthAna kAlAnuganirdeza prarUpaNA 1.5.1 pustaka 4. pR0 316. sampAdaka DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina, prakA-zrImanta seTha zitAbarAya lakSmIcaMda jaina sAhityoddhAraka phaNDa, amarAvatI 1942.. 2. mUlAcAra 1 / 13. niyamasAra-63.

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42: mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana chaThI-sAtavIM zatI ke AcArya yativRSabha ne bhI tiloyapaNNatti meM mUlAcAra kA ullekha kiyA hai| unhoMne isake AThaveM adhikAra meM jina deviyoM kI Ayu viSayaka matabhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai unake ullekha para TippaNI karate hue paM0 hIrAlAlajI si0 zA0 ne likhA hai ki deviyoM kI Ayu se saMbaMdhita matoM meM jahAM mUlAcArakAra ne kevala do matoM kA ullekha kiyA hai vahIM tiloyaNNattikAra ne cAra matoM kA ullekha kiyA hai isase siddha hotA hai ki tiloyapaNNatti ke racanA-kAla se mUlAcAra kA racanAkAla itanA prAcIna hai ki mUlAcAra kI racanA hone ke pazcAt aura tiloyapaNNatti kI racanA hone ke pUrva taka ke bIca ke kAla meM anya aura bhI do matabheda uTha khar3e hue the, jinakA saMgraha karanA tiloyapaNNattikAra ne Avazyaka smjhaa| paM0 AzAdhara jI ne anagAra dharmAmRta TIkA (vi0 saM0 1300) meM 'uktaM ca mUlAcAre'-isa vAkya se mUlAcAra kI nimna gAthA (7 / 18) uddhRta kI hai sammattaNANasaMjamatavehiM jaM taM pasatthasamagamaNaM / samayaMtu taM tu bhaNidaM tameva sAmAiyaM jANaM // anagAra dharmAmRta 605 / meghacandra vidyadeva ke ziSya evaM putra A0 vIranandi (vi0 12 vIM zatI) ne apane grantha AcArasAra meM mUlAcAra kI gAthAoM kA prAyaH arthazaH padyAnuvAda karake prastuta kiyA hai| bhaTTAraka sakala kIrti (vi0 15 zatI) ne apane mUlAcArapradIpa meM mUlAcAra kI hI gAthAoM ko AdhAra banAkara saMskRta meM zlokabaddha rUpa meM zramaNAcAra kA vistRta vivecana prastuta kiyaa| ina saba pramANapUrNa tathyoM ke AdhAra para yaha siddha hotA hai ki mUlAcAra eka maulika, prAcIna aura prAmANika graMtha hai jo ki digambara paramparA meM AcArAMga sUtra ke rUpa meM mAnya hai| zramaNa evaM zrAvaka samAja meM yaha graMtha sadA hI atyanta pUjya mAnA jAtA rahA hai| isakA eka udAharaNa bhI prApta hotA hai / vi0 saM0 1493 meM dillI ke sAhU pherU kI dharmapatnI ne apane svAmI se anurodha kiyA ki zruta paJcamI kA udyApana karAyA jAye / yaha sunakara pherU atyanta prasanna huA aura usane mUlAcAra nAmaka grantha zruta paJcamI ke nimitta likhavAkara muni dharmakIrti ke lie arpita kiyaa| dharmakIrti ke svarga cale jAne para ukta grantha yama-niyamoM meM nirata tapasvI malayakIrti ko sammAnapUrvaka arpita kiyA gyaa| malayakIti ne isa prati meM uparyukta vivaraNa-viSayaka prazasti bhI likhii| 1. mUlAcAre iriyA evaM niuNaM NirUventi / 2. anekAnta, varSa 12, kiraNa 11. 3. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA-bhAga 3. pR0 429.

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prAstAvika : 43 isI prakAra kavi vRndAvanadAsa (vi0 saM0 1842) ko mUlAcAra ke paMcama adhikAra kI vaiyAvRtti saMbaMdhI eka gAthA' ke viSaya meM zaMkA huI thI, jisakA samAdhAna karane ke lie unhoMne dIvAna amaracanda jI ko jayapura patra likhA thaa| mUlAcAra ke adhyayana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki pAMcave zrutakevalI A0 bhadravAha ke samaya jo dubhikSa par3A thA, usake prabhAva se sAdhuoM ke AcAra-vicAra meM jo zithilatA AyI, use dekhakara hI mAno A0 vaTTakera ne zramaNoM ko apane AcAra-vicAra evaM vyavahAra Adi kI vizuddhatA kA samagra evaM vyavasthita jJAna karAne hetu bAraha aMga-granthoM meM apane sAmane upasthita prathama aMga grantharUpa mUla AcArAMga kA uddhArakara prastuta grantha kI racanA kI hai| jaisAki A0 vasunandi ne bhI isakI AcAravRtti tathA A0 sakalakIrti ne mUlAcAra pradIpa nAmaka grantha ke prArambhika maMgalAcaraNa kI bhUmikA meM bhI sUcita kiyA hai / / A0 vIrasena racita SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM bhI mUlAcAra ko AcArAMga nAma se ullikhita kiyA hI hai| isI kAraNa isa grantha kA nAma mUlAcAra par3A aura tadanusAra zramaNasaMgha kA pravartana karAne se unake saMgha kA nAma bhI mUlasaMgha pracalita jJAta hotA hai kyoMki zithilAcAra vRtti ko rokane hetu granthakAra ne pade-pade zramaNoM ko sAvadhAna kiyA hai tathA vaiyAvRtya ke prasaMga meM ukta durbhikSa kA saMketa bhI kiyA hai jisameM kahA hai ki durbhikSAdi se prabhAvita aura pIr3ita zramaNoM kI vaiyAvRtya karanA caahie| granthakAra ne ekAkI vihAra kA dRr3hatA se niSedha karate hue kahAki merA zatru bhI ho to vaha bhI ekAkI vihArI na bane / vastutaH durbhikSa ke samaya saMgha TUTakara yatra-tatra bikhara rahA thA ataH granthakAra ko kar3e zabdoM meM ekAkI vihAra kA niSedha karanA pdd'aa| vaise bhI ekAkI vihAra meM pratyeka samaya saMyama virAdhanA kI sambhAvanA banI rahatI hai / yadi durbhikSa ke kAraNa bar3ha rahe zithilAcAra ko lakSya kara mUlAcArakAra ne zramaNoM ko apane saMyama meM dRDha rahane kA upadeza diyA hai to isa AdhAra para bhI mUlAcAra kI prAcInatA siddha ho jAtI hai kyoMki paMcama zrutakevalI 1. sejjoggAsaNisejjo tahovahipaDilehaNAdi uvaggahide / AharosahavAyaNa vikiMcaNaM vaMdaNAdIhiM / mUlAcAra 5 / 194. 2. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa pR0 551. 3. dekhie-mUlAcAra (mUlaguNAdhikAra) ke Arambha meM vRttikAra kI bhUmikA. 4. addhANateNasAvada rAyaNadIrodhaNAsive ome / vejjAvaccaM vuttaM saMgahasArakkhaNovedaM / / mUlAcAra 5 / 195. 5. vahI, 10168-69.

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44 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana bhadrabAhu prathama kA samaya IsA pUrva 4 thI zatI ke madhya kA hai| mUlAcAra meM kauTilya, AsurakSa, mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa, raktapaTa (bauddha), caraka, tApasa, parivrAjaka Adi ke nAmollekha milate haiN|' kintu ina sabake bAda meM vikasita zAkhAoM-prazAkhAoM Adi ke nAmollekha nahIM milte| isase lagatA hai kauTilya mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa Adi kA usa samaya vizeSa paThana-pAThana pracalita thaa| inameM kauTilya to 321 se 300 varSa IsA pUrva ke bIca hue haiM / bauddha paramparA ko raktapaTa se hI sUcita kiyA hai| isa mata kI bAda meM vikasita aneka zAkhAoM kA ullekha na hone se lagatA hai ki mUlAcArakAra ke samaya meM ina sabakA udaya nahIM huA hogaa| yadi uparyukta granthoM ke AdhAra para likhe gae anya grantha tathA zAkhAoM Adi kA sadbhAva usa samaya rahatA to mUlAcArakAra inakA bhI ullekha avazya karate / jaina lakSaNAvalI bhAga 2 kI granthakArAnukramaNikA meM vaTTakera kA samaya vikrama kI dUsarI zatI mAnA hai| anya pramANoM kA ullekha to mUlAcAra ke kartA viSayaka vivAda evaM usakI samIkSA ke antargata kiyA jA cukA hai| isa prakAra mUlAcAra kI maulikatA aura prAcInatA siddha ho jAtI hai|| ___ AcAryavarya vaTTakera : vyaktitva aura kRtitva : uparyukta sampUrNa vivecana ke prasaMga meM mUlAcAra tathA isake racayitA AcArya vaTTakera para bahuta kucha likhA jA cukA hai| vastutaH mUlAcAra apane viSaya kA eka apratima grantha hai / isake racayitA ko vasunandi ne AcAryavarya kahA hai| vartamAna meM inakI yahI eka mAtra kRti upalabdha hai / para mUlAcAra ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki 'sArasamaya' nAmaka grantha bhI inakI anya kRti bhI ho sakatI hai / jisakA mUlAcAra meM bhI inhoMne ullekha kiyA hai| para yaha abhI taka anupalabdha hai / mUlAcAra ke atirikta sArasamaya grantha kA anyatra ullekha nahIM pAyA jAtA isase pratIta hotA hai ki sArasamaya grantha bhI A0 vaTTakera kI racanA ho sakatI hai| vaise vRttikAra A0 vasunandi ne isakI pahacAna vyAkhyAprajJapti se kI hai| para gati-agati nAmaka jisa viSaya ke lie vaTTakera ne sArasamaya grantha ko svayaM kI racanA se ullikhita kiyA hai vaha viSaya paMcama aMgarUpa zvetAmbara paramparA meM pracalita vyAkhyA-prajJapti 1. vahI, 5 / 60,62. 2. itizrImadAcAryavaryavaTTakeripraNItamUlAcAre zrIvasunaMdipraNItaTIkAsahite dvAda zAdhikAraH / -mUlAcAra bhAga 2 ,12 / 206, pR0 224. 3. evaM tu sArasamae bhaNidA du gadIgadI mayA kiMci / NiyamAdu maNusagadie NibudigamaNaM aNuNNAde / / mUlAcAra 121143.

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prAstAvika : 45 meM nahIM milatA / isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki sArasamaya nAmaka kRti thI, jisameM unhoMne "evaM su sArasamae bhaNidA du gadIgadI mayA kiMci"-arthAt isI prakAra kA gati-agati kA kucha varNana mere (vaTTakera ke dvArA) sArasamaya nAmaka grantha meM kiyA gayA hai / isa taraha AcArya vaTTakera ne isI viSaya ke kathana kA saMketa apane sArasamaya nAmaka grantha meM karake usakA mUlAcAra meM ullekha kiyaa| mUlAcAra ke gahana adhyayana se AcArya vaTTakera kA bahuzruta vyaktitva pratibhAsampanna evaM utkRSTa cAritradhArI AcArya ke rUpa meM hamAre samakSa upasthita hotA hai / grantha kA adhyayana karate-karate aisA pratIta hotA hai ki AcArya baTTakera mUlasaMgha kI paramparAoM ke poSaka eka mahAn digambara AcArya the jinhoMne apane apUrva saMyamI aura dIrgha tapasvI jIvana kI sampUrNa anubhUtiyoM kA yatra-tatra sacitra citraNa kiyA hai| inake nAma Adi ke AdhAra para yaha siddha hotA hai ki ye dakSiNa bhArata (beTTakerI sthAna) ke nivAsI the| mUlAcAra nAma se bhI siddha hotA hai ki ye digambara paramparA ke mUlasaMgha meM mahAn evaM pramukha AcArya the| isa saMgha ke prathama AcArya kundakunda aura inake bAda AcArya vaTTakera hue / isI mUlasaMgha ke zramaNoM ke AcAra kA pratipAdaka hone se isa grantha kA nAma mUlAcAra aura unake saMgha kA nAma mUlasaMgha pracalita huaa| ____mUlAcAra apanI viSaya-vastu aura bhASA Adi kI dRSTi se tRtIya zatI ke AsapAsa kA siddha hotA hai / ataH AcArya vaTTakera kA samaya bhI yahI mAnA jA sakatA hai| inhoMne mUlAcAra kA praNayana eka nizcita rUparekhA ko dRSTi meM rakha kara kiyaa| isa eka kRti ne hI unheM amara banA diyA kyoMki saikar3oM, hajAroM varSoM se Aja taka samasta zramaNoM ko yaha grantha dIpaka kA kArya karatA A rahA hai| yaha eka zramaNAcAra viSayaka aisA saMvidhAna hai jisameM sacce zrAmaNya kI sarvAMgapUrNa rUparekhA prastuta kI gayI hai| isake AdhAra para zramaNa ratnatraya pAkara mokSa lakSmI kA varaNa kara sakatA hai /

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dvitIya adhyAya mUlaguNa

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mUlaguNa svarUpataH manuSya dukhoM se sadA ke lie mukta hone tathA zAzvata sukha kA abhilASI hotA hai isake lie AdhyAtmika vikAsa Avazyaka hai| AcAra kI zuddhatA ke binA yaha sambhava nahIM hai / duHkha, moha, kSobha, zoka Adi se santapta AtmA kA uddhAra kara paramAtmapada prApti ke sahI mArga kA pratipAdana aura tadanusAra svayaM usa mArga kA anusaraNa kara usa lakSya ko prApta karanA jaina tIthaMkaroM kA sva-para ke lie mahAn puruSArtha hai / vastutaH pratyeka prANI kI AtmA meM ananta zakti vidyamAna hai, vaha aprakaTa rUpa meM paramAtmA hai / kASAyika vAsanA ne hI ise saMsArabaddha kara rakhA hai| svarUpataH vaha svataMtra hai / svatantratA rUpa svarUpa kI upalabdhi ke lie "AcAra mArga" kA anusaraNa anivArya hai| AcAra mArga ke jainadharma meM do vibhAga haiN| prathama gRhasthAzrama meM rahakara ahiMsA Adi vratoM ko aNurUpa meM pAlana karanA zrAvakAcAra hai / jo mumukSu cAhate hue bhI muni-dharma ke pAlana meM apane ko asamartha pAtA hai athavA munidharma meM ArUr3ha hone kA abhyAsa tathA kSamatA utpanna karane ke dRSTi se vratAdi rUpa AcAra kA ekadeza pAlana karanA cAhatA hai unheM deza, kAla aura zakti Adi kI paristhitiyoM ke anusAra pAlana karane yogya zrAvakAcAra hai| parantu yaha sAkSAt mukti kA mArga na hokara kramazaH mukti kA sahAyaka kAraNa hai / dvitIya zramaNAcAra yA sAdhvAcAra hai| jise sAkSAt mukti kA kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai| isameM mumukSu ko dIkSA ke samaya jina mahAvratAdi guNoM ko akhaNDa rUpa meM dhAraNa aura unakA sarvadeza pAlana karanA anivArya hotA haiM ve mUlaguNa kahe jAte haiM / mUlaguNa dhAraNa kI pRSThabhUmi : zramaNadharma kaSAyoM kA upazamana, rAga-dveSa kI nivRtti tathA zAnti aura samatArUpa hai jaba zramaNadharma dhAraNa kA icchuka sAMsArika sukhoM se pUrNataH virakta tathA AtmakalyANa kI bhAvanA se yukta hokara isa dharma ke dhAraNa aura pAlana kI pUrNa kSamatA apane meM anubhava kara letA hai, usa samaya gRhatyAga evaM zramaNadharma dhAraNa karane ke lie sarvaprathama vaha baMdhuvarga se pUchakara vidA mA~gatA hai / taba bar3oM se, putra aura strI se vimukta hokara jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa aura vIryaina pA~ca AcAroM ko aMgIkAra karake usa gaNI (AcArya) ke pAsa (dIkSArtha) pahu~catA hai / jo zramaNa ho, zrAmaNya kA AcAra karane evaM karAne meM guNADhya.

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50 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana aneka guNoM se yukta ho, kula, rUpa evaM avasthA meM viziSTa ho tathA anya sabhI zramaNa jise atyanta cAhate hoM-ina vizeSatAoM se yukta gaNI ko praNata hotA huA vaha kahe-prabho ! mujhe aMgIkAra kiijie| yaha kahakara vaha una gaNI ke dvArA anugrahIta ho apanI bhAvanA isa prakAra prakaTa kare ki maiM dUsaroM kA nahIM hU~, dUsare mere nahIM hai| isa loka meM bhI merA kucha nahIM hai-aisA nizcayavAn aura jitendriya hotA huA vaha yathAjAta (nagna) veSa dhAraNa karatA hai|' aisA bhavya jIva sabhI prakAra ke parigrahoM se mukta aparigrahI banakara sneha se rahita, zarIra saMskAra kA sarvathA ke lie tyAgakara AcArya dvArA yathAjAta (nagna) rUpa dhAraNa kara jinendra bhagavAn dvArA prarUpita dharma ko apane sAtha lekara calatA hai / 2 antaraGga aura bahiraGga-zramaNa ko ye donoM hI cihna (liGga) dhAraNa karanA anivArya hai| arthAt janma ke samaya (yathAjAta athavA sadyojAta bAlaka) jaisA rUpavAlA, zira aura dAr3hI-mUMcha ke kezoM kA loca kiyA huA, zuddha arthAt akiMcana aura nirvikAra hotA huA, hiMsAdi pApoM tathA pratikarma arthAt zArIrika zrRMgAra rahita aisA bAhya liGga aura mUrchA (Asakti) aura Arambha rahita, upayoga evaM yoga kI zuddhi se yukta, parApekSA rahita yaha jinendra dvArA pratipAdita zrAmaNya kA antaraGga liGga hai jo ki apunarbhava (mokSa) kA kAraNa hai| aisA zrAmaNyArthI paramaguru ke dvArA pradatta uparyukta donoM prakAra ke liGga dhAraNakara, guru ko namana karatA hai / vrata sahita AcAra paddhati sunatA hai aura 1. Apiccha baMdhavaggaM vimocido garukalattapattehi / Asijja NANadaMsaNacaritta tavavIriyAyAraM // samaNaM gaNi guNaDDhaM kularUvavayovisiTTamiTTadaraM / samaNehi taM pi paNado paDiccha meM cedi aNugahido // NAhaM homi paresiM Na me pare Natthi majjhamiha kiMci / idi Nicchido jidido jAdo jadhajAdarUvadharo / -pravacanasAra gAthA 202,203,204. 2. te savvagaMthamukkA amamA apariggahA jahAjAdA / vosaTTacattadehA jiNavaradhamma samaM gati / / mUlAcAra 9 / 15. 3. jadhajAdarUvajAdaM uppADidakesamaMsugaM suddh| rahidaM hiMsAdIdo appaDikammaM havadi liMga // mucchAraMbhavijuttaM juttaM uvaogajogasuddhIhiM / liMgaM Na parAvekkhaM apuNabbhavakAraNaM jeNhaM // pravacanasAra gAthA 205, 206.

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mUlaguNa : 51 upasthita (AtmA ke samIpa sthita ) hotA huA zrAmaNya kI sAmagrI paryApta (paripUrNa) hone se sAkSAt zramaNa hotA hai / " jo darzana, jJAna aura cAritra - ina tInoM meM eka hI sAtha ArUDha hai, ekAgratA (samasta paradravya se nivRtti) ko prApta usa zrama paripUrNa hai / isa prakAra jo zramaNa sadA jJAna evaM darzanAdi meM pratibaddha tathA mUlaguNoM meM prayatnapUrvaka vicaraNa karatA hai vaha paripUrNa zrAmaNyavAn hai / aTThAIsa mUlaguNa : muni jina mUlaguNoM ko dhAraNakara zramaNadharma meM dIkSita hotA haiM, unakI nirdhArita aTThAIsa saMkhyA isa prakAra hai paMca ya mahavvayAI samidIo paMca jiNavaruddiTThA / paMcevidihA chappiya AvAsayA loco // khidisayaNamadaMta ghaMsaNaM ceva | acelakamaNhANaM ThidibhoyaNeyabhattaM mUlaguNA aTThavIsA du // 5 1. pAMca mahAvrataH - hiMsAvirati ( ahiMsA), satya, adattaparivarjana ( acaurya), brahmacarya aura saMgavimukti (aparigraha ) 2. pAMca samitiH - IrSyA, bhASA, eSaNA, nikSepAdAna aura pratiSThApanikA 3. pAMca indriyanigrahaH - cakSu, zrotra, ghANa, jihvA aura sparzana - inakA nigraha 4. chaha AvazyakaH -- samatA ( sAmAyika), stava, vaMdanA, pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna aura visarga ( kAyotsarga ) 9 1. AdAya taM piliMgaM guruNA parameNa taM NamaMsittA / soccA savadaM kiriyaM uvaThThido hodi so samaNo || pravacanasAra 207. 2. vahI 242. 3. vahI 214. 4. vadasamididiya rodho locAvassayamacelamaNhANaM / khidisayaNamadaMtavaNaM ThidibhoyaNamegabhattaM ca / / vahI 208. 5. mUlAcAra 1 / 2-3. 6. hiMsAviradI saccaM adattaparivajjaNaM ca baMbhaM ca / saMgavimutti ya tahA mahavvayA paMca paNNattA / vahI 1 / 4. 7. iriyA bhAsA esaNa NikkhavAdANa meva samidIo / padiThAvaNiyA ya tahA uccArAdINa paMcaviho // 1 / 10. 8. cavakhU sodaM ghANaM jibbhA phAsaM ca iMdiyA paMca / sagasagavisahito NirohiyavvA sayA muNiNA / / vahI 1 / 16. 9. samadA thavo ya vaMdaNa pADikkamaNaM taheva NAdavvaM / paccakkhANa visaggo karaNIyAvAsayA chappi | vahI 1 / 22. 7

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52 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 5. sAta anya mUlaguNaH-loca (kezaloca), Acelakya, asnAna, kSitizayana, ___ adantagharSaNa, sthitabhojana aura ekabhakta / / zramaNAcAra kA prArambha uparyukta mUlaguNoM se hotA hai| ye zramaNadharma kI AdhArazilA haiN| paMcAdhyAyI meM kahA hai-sampUrNa munidharma ina samasta mUlaguNoM se siddha hotA hai / ' vRkSamUla ke samAna muni ke ye aTThAIsa mUlaguNa haiM / kabhI bhI inameM na to koI nyUnatA hotI hai aura na adhiktaa| inameM lezamAtra kI nyUnatA sAdhaka ko zramaNadharma se cyuta kara detI hai| vastutaH zramaNadharma kA pAlana apane Apa meM mahAn sAhasa aura dRr3hatA kA pratIka hai jo sAdhAraNa vyaktiyoM dvArA sAdhya nahIM hai / isameM muni ko apanI mana, vacana aura kAya kI anyathA pravRttiyoM para niyantraNa karate hue apane svarUpa meM magna rahakara AtmotkarSa hetu nirantara puruSArtha kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| vaiSayika tRSNA kA damana aura Atmazakti kA jAgaraNa hI vikRti se prakRti kI ora Ane meM pramukha sahAyaka hai / isa prakAra ke sAdhanAmaya jIvana kA pathika yahI dRr3ha icchAzakti lekara Age bar3hatA hai ki zarIra calA jAe para sAdhanA yA saMyamAcaraNa meM kiMcita bhI A~ca nahIM AnA caahie| jIvana ke jisa kSaNa zramaNadharma svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, usa kSaNa 'sAvajjakaraNajogaM savvaM tiviheNatiyakaraNavisuddhaM vajjati'3 arthAt sabhI prakAra ke sAvadya (hiMsAdi doSa yukta) kriyArUpa yogoM kA mana, vacana, kAya tathA kRta (karane), kArita (karAne) aura anumodana se sadA ke lie tyAga kara dete hai / jo zramaNa ina mUlaguNoM kA chedakara (ullaMghana kara) 'vRkSamUla' Adi bAhyayoga karatA hai, mUlaguNa vihIna usa sAdhu ke sabhI yoga kisI kAma ke nahIM / kyoMki mAtra bAhyayogoM se karmoM kA kSaya sambhava nahIM hotA / aisA muni kabhI siddhi sukha ko nahIM pAtA, apitu vaha to nirantara jina liGga kI virAdhanA karane vAlA mAnA jAtA hai / mUlaguNoM ke anantara pAlana karane yogya uttaraguNoM 1. sarvarebhi. samastaizca siddhaM yAvanmunivratam-paMcAdhyAyI uttarArddha 744. 2. yatermalaguNAzcASTAviMzatirmUlavattaroH / nAtrApyanyatamenonA nAtiriktAH kadAcana / / paMcAdhyAyI uttarArddha 743. 3. mUlAcAra 9 / 34. 4. mUlaM chittA samaNo jo giNhAdI ya bAhiraM jogaM / bAhirajogA savve mUlavihassa kiM karissaMti / / vahI 10 / 27. 5. mokkhapAhuDa 98.

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mUlaguNa : 53 meM dRr3hatA inhI mUlaguNoM ke nimitta se hI prApta hotI hai| ataH ina mUlaguNoM ko chor3akara zeSa uttaraguNoM ke paripAlana meM prayatnazIla evaM pUjA-pratiSThA Adi kI nirantara icchA karane vAle zramaNa kA prayatna mUlaghAtaka hotA hai / zvetAmbara paraMparA meM mUlaguNoM kI saMkhyA isa prakAra nirdhArita nahIM hai / isa paramparA ke samavAyAMgasUtra meM anagAra ke sattAIsa guNoM kA ullekha AyA hai(1) prANAtipAta viramaNa, (2) mRSAvAda viramaNa, (3) adattAdAna viramaNa, (4) maithuna viramaNa, (5) parigraha viramaNa, (ye pA~ca mahAvrata haiM), (6) zrota, (7) cakSu, (8) ghrANa, (9) rasanA, (10) sparza-ina pA~ca indriyoM kA nigraha, (11) krodhatyAga, (12) mAnatyAga, (13) mAyA tyAga, (14) lobhatyAga, (15) bhAva-satya (Antarika pavitratA), (16) karaNa-satya (upadhi kI pavitratA), (17) yoga-satya, (18) kSamA, (19) virAgatA, (20) mana-samAdhAraNatA, (21) vacana-samAdhAraNatA, (22) kAya-samAdhAraNatA, (23) jJAna-sampannatA, (24) darzana-sampannatA, (25) cAritra-sampannatA, (26) vedanA-adhisahana aura (27) maraNAntika-adhisahana / ' zrI zAntisUrikRta uttarAdhyayana vRhadvRtti meM bhI anagAra ke sattAIsa guNoM kA ullekha hai| kintu yahA~ krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha-inakA tyAga, yogasatya, jJAna-darzana aura cAritra sampannatA-samavAyAMga meM svIkRta ina ATha guNoM kI gaNanA na karake rAtribhojana-tyAga, pRthvI-apa-tejas-vAyu-vanaspati-trasa-ina SaTkAyika jIvoM kA saMyama aura yoga-yuktatA-ye ATha guNa svIkRta kiye haiN| zeSa samavAyAMga jaise hI guNoM kA ullekha hai / paramparA bheda ke anusAra digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM paramparAoM meM pracalita mUlaguNoM meM antara spaSTa hai / phira bhI donoM paramparAoM meM pAMca mahAvrata aura pA~ca indriya-nigraha inakA samAna vidhAna haiM / kezaloca, asnAna, adanta 1. padyanaMdi paMcaviMzatikA 1, 40 / 2. samavAyAMga samavAya 27 / 1. 3. vayachakkamidiyANaM ca, niggaho bhAva karaNasaccaM ca / khamayA virAgayAviya, maNamAINaM Niroho y|| kAyANachakkajogammi, jutta yA veyaNAhiyAsaNayA / taha mAraNaMtiya'hiyAsaNayA ee'NagAraguNA / / -uttarAdhyayana 31118 vRhadvRtti patra 616 (uttarajjhayaNANi bhAga-2 TippaNa pRSTha 299 se uddhRta)

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54 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana gharSaNa, nagnatA, sthitabhojana aura ekabhakta-inakA mUlaguNoM ke rUpa meM ullekha zvetAmbara paramparA meM na hote hue bhI isa paramparA ke zramaNa kezaloca, asnAna, adanta-gharSaNa Adi guNoM kA pAlana samAna rUpa se hI karate haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA ke kucha guNa punarukta jaise mAlUma par3ate haiM yathA-kSamA aura krodhatyAga / sAmAnyatayA donoM samAna haiM aura sUkSma dRSTi se ina donoM meM antara bhI kaha sakate haiM kyoMki krodha na hone denA kSamA tathA paidA hue krodha ko rokanA krodha-tyAga hai| yogasatya, bhAvasatya aura karaNasatya, cAroM kaSAyoM aura tIna yogoM kA samAveza pAMca samitiyoM meM ho jAtA hai| darzana-sampannatA ko sAmAyika Avazyaka ke antargata mAna sakate haiM / jJAna sampannatA aura cAritra sampannatA ko viziSTa guNa mAna sakate haiM / vedanA aura maraNAMta-kaSTa sahiSNutA ko mUlaguNoM meM na mAnakara pariSahajaya ke antargata mAnA hai / mUlAcAra meM pratipAdita uparyukta aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM kA kramaza : vivecana prastuta haivrata zrama, tapa aura tyAga pradhAna zramaNa saMskRti meM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ko gaharI pratiSThA hai / AdhyAtmika jIvana ke utkarSa ko nirantara gatizIla banAye rakhane ke lie vrata, niyama Adi ke pAlana aura maryAdA se apane AcAra ko saMvAranA Avazyaka hai / vrata, grahaNa ke pahale vyakti ko tadanukUla bhUmikA banAkara unake pAlana kI sAmarthya prApta karanA parama Avazyaka hai| kyoMki vrata bIja kI taraha haiM / vrata rUpI bIjoM ko phalita karane ke lie apane hRdaya rUpI bhUmi ko urvarA banAnA Avazyaka hai, anyathA vrata phalIbhUta nahIM hoNge| vrata se tAtparya hai hiMsA, anRta (jhUTha) steya (corI), abrahma (maithuna yA kuzIla) tathA parigraha-inase virati (nivRti) honaa|' virati arthAt jAnakara aura prApta karake ina kAryoM ko na karanA / 2 pratijJA karake jo niyama liyA jAtA hai vaha bhI vrata hai / athavA yaha karane yogya haiM aura yaha nahIM karane yogya hai-isa prakAra niyama karanA bhI vrata hai| isa prakAra hiMsA Adi pA~ca pApoM ke doSoM ko jAnakara AtmotkarSa ke uddezya se inake tyAga yA inase virati ko pratijJA lekara punaH kabhI unakA sevana na karane ko vrata kahate haiN| akaraNa, nivRtti, uparama aura virati-ye sabhI eka hI artha ke vAcaka haiN| 1. hiMsAnRtasteyAbrahmaparigrahebhyo virativratam-tattvArthasUtra 7-1. 2. viratirnAma jJAtvAbhyupetyAkaraNam-tattvArthAdhigama bhASya 7-1. 3. vratamabhisandhikRto niyamaH, idaM kartavyamidaM na karttavyamiti -sarvArthasiddhi 7-1-664.

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mUlaguNa : 55 hiMsA Adi uparyukta pA~ca asatpravRttiyoM kA tyAga vyakti apanI zakti ke anusAra to kara sakatA hai kintu sabhI prANI inakA sArvatrika aura sArvakAlika tyAga eka samAna nahIM kara skte| ataH ina asatpravRttiyoM se ekadeza nivRtti ko aNuvrata tathA sarvadeza nivRtti ko mahAvrata kahA jAtA hai| jina vratoM meM jAti, deza, kAla Adi kA apavAda nahIM rahatA ve mahAvrata haiN| vastutaH vrata apane Apa meM aNu yA mahat nahIM hote, yaha vibhAjana aura ye vizeSaNa to vrata ke sAtha pAlana karane vAle kI kSamatA yA sAmarthya para Azrita hai / jaba sAdhaka apane Atmabala se sarvadeza rUpa meM vratoM ke dhAraNa aura niraticAra pAlana meM pUrNa samartha ho jAtA hai taba usake vrata mahAvrata evaM vaha mahAvratI-zramaNa kahA jAtA hai / hiMsAvirati, satya, adattaparivarjana, brahmacarya aura saMgavimukti (aparigraha)ye pA~ca mahAvrata haiM / ' mUlAcArakAra ne prANivadha, mRSAvAda, adattAdAna, maithuna tathA parigraha-ina pAMca (pApoM) se virata hone ko pAMca prakAra kA cAritrAcAra bhI kahA hai / mUlaguNoM ke antargata pA~ca mahAvrata zramaNAcAra ke AdhArabhUta guNa haiM / AcAra-vicAra evaM vyavahAra Adi viSayaka vibhinna niyamoM-upaniyamoM tathA kAryoM kA praNayana inhIM ke antargata hotA hai / mUlAcAra meM mahAvrata unheM kahA hai jinase mahArtha rUpa mokSa kI siddhi hotI hai| isIlie tIrthaMkarAdi mahApuruSoM ne inakA pAlana kiyA hai| mahAvrata meM sabhI pApa yogoM kA sarvathA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai ataH ve svataH pUjya haiN| pA~ca mahAvrata 1. hiMsAvirati (ahiMsA)-hiMsAvirati rUpa isa prathama mahAvrata kA adhika prAcIna rUpa 'pANAtipAtaveramaNa' hai| isakA svarUpa 'ahiMsA' zabda dvArA abhihita huA hai / ahiMsA se tAtparya pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, vanaspati aura trasaye chaha-kAyika jIva, indriya, guNasthAna, mArgaNA, kula, Ayu aura yoni-inameM 1. mUlAcAra 114. 2. pANivahamusAvAda adattamehuNa pariggahA viradI / esa carittAcAro paMcaviho hodi NAdavvo / / vahI 5 / 91. 3. sAhati jaM mahatthaM AcaridANI ya ja mahallehiM / jaM ca mahallANi tado mahavvayAI bhave taaii|| vahI 5 / 97, bhagavatI ArAdhanA-1184. 4. paDhame bhaMte ! mahanvae pANAivAyAo veramaNaM |-dshvkaalik 4-11.

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56 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana saba jIvoM ko jAnakara uThane-baiThane, kAyotsarga Adi sabhI kriyAoM meM hiMsA Adi kA tyAga karanA ahiMsA mahAvrata hai|' ____ ahiMsA hiMsA kA niSedhAtmaka rUpa hai / "hiMsA' zabda hiMsa dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA artha hai-vadha karanA, ghAyala karanA, AtApa pahu~cAnA yA duHkha denA / kaSAya kI bhAvanA ke vazIbhUta hokara mana, vacana, aura kAyarUpa yoga se kisI bhI prANI ke prANoM kA hanana karanA, kaSTa pahu~cAnA hiMsA hai / hiMsA ke do rUpa haiM-dravyahiMsA aura bhAvahiMsA / eka jIva kI kisI bhI prakAra kI pravRtti se dUsare prANI ko kaSTa pahu~cA taba usa pravRtti kA jo sthUla phala sAmane AtA hai vaha dravyAhiMsA hai tathA usa pravRtti ko karanevAle vyakti kI AtmA meM jo pariNAma the, jinakI preraNA pAkara vaha vaisI pravRtti karane ko pravRtta huA yA na kara pAne para mAtra vaise pariNAma mana meM Aye-aise hI pariNAmoM kA nAma bhAvahiMsA hai| isa taraha bahiraMga meM prANiyoM ke indriya, bala, Ayu, zvAsocchavAsa rUpI dravya prANoM kI hiMsA se tathA antaraMga meM rAga-dveSAdi rUpa bhAva-hiMsA se sarvathA virata rahanA ahiMsA mahAvrata hai / mUlAcArakAra ne pRthvI Adi SaT kAyika hiMsA ke tyAga kI bAta isalie kahI, kyoMki inameM sampUrNa jIvoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai / ahiMsA ke citta kA nirmANa inhIM kI hiMsA ke tyAga dvArA sambhava hai / aisA kabhI nahIM ho sakatA ki pRthvI Adi meM se kisI eka nikAya kI hiMsA kA vidhAna ho tathA anya kA niSedha / kyoMki jo kisI eka kI hiMsA karatA hai vaha anya kisI bhI nikAya kI hiMsA kara sakatA hai, aura usake mana meM anya nikAya ke jIvoM ke prati maitrIbhAva bana nahIM sakatA hai| AcArAMga meM kahA bhI hai-isa jagata meM jo manuSya prayojanavaza yA niSprayojana jIva-vadha karate haiM ve ina chaha jIva-nikAyoM meM se kisI bhI jIva kA vadha kara dete haiN| isalie SaTkAyika jIvoM kI mana, vacana, kAya tathA kRta kArita aura anumodana se hiMsA ke sarvathA tyAga ko ahiMsA mahAvrata kahA gayA hai / mUlAcArakAra ne pA~ca pApoM se Darane vAle sAdhu ko mana, vacana, aura kAya se sarvatra sarvakAla meM ekendriyAdi kisI bhI jIva kA ghAta na karane kI bAta khii| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kahA hai-jaise tujhe duHkha priya 1. kAyeMdiyaguNamaggaNakulAujoNIsu savvajIvANaM / NAUNa ya ThANAdisu hiMsAdivivajjaNamahiMsA // mUlAcAra 1-5. 2. AvaMtI keAvaMtI loyaMsi vipparAmusaMti, aTThAe aNaTThAe vA, eesu ceva vipparAmusaMti -AcArAMga 5 / 11. 3. mUlAcAra 5 / 92..

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mUlaguNa : 57 nahIM haiM vaise hI una jIvoM ko bhI duHkha priya nahIM haiM, aisA jAnakara sadA apanI hI taraha sabhI jIvoM ke prati vyavahAra karanA caahie|' tathA bhUkha, pyAsa, roga, zIta tathA Atapa se pIr3ita hone para bhI anya prANiyoM kA ghAta karake apanI bhUkha, pyAsa Adi ke pratikAra kI bAta taka mana meM nahIM lAnA cAhie / vastutaH hiMsA-ahiMsA na to jar3a meM hotI hai aura na hI jar3a vastu ke kAraNa ho / unakI utpatti-sthAna va kAraNa donoM hI cetana hai ataH hiMsA-ahiMsA kA saMbaMdha dUsare prANiyoM ke jIvana-maraNa, sukha-duHkha mAtra se na hokara AtmA meM utpanna hone vAle rAga-dvaSa-moha pariNAmoM se bhI hai| kyoMki kisI jIva kI hiMsA ho jAne para pratyeka ko karma kA baMdha eka jaisA nahIM hotA, kintu usa vyakti kI kaSAya kI tIvratA-mandatA aura bhAvadhArA ke anurUpa hI karmabaMdha hotA hai| pravacanasAra meM kahA hai-jIva mare yA jIye, isase hiMsA kA koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai / yatnAcAra vihIna pramatta puruSa nizcita rUpa se hiMsaka hai aura jo prayatnavAn evaM apramatta, samiti-parAyaNa hai unako kisI jIva kI hiMsA mAtra se karmabaMdha nahIM hotA, kyoMki prayatnavAn zramaNa ke mana meM kisI jIva kI hiMsA kA bhAva yadi nahIM hai aura kadAcit anajAne meM kisI jIva ko usake dvArA kaSTa pahuMce yA mara jAye to bhI pariNAmoM meM mArane kA bhAva na hone ke kAraNa dravya-hiMsA hote hue bhI unheM karma kA bandha nahIM hotA / isIlie kahA hai-rAgadveSAdi azubha pariNAmoM kA mana meM utpanna na honA hI ahiMsA tathA ina pariNAmoM kI utpatti hI hiMsA hai|" ___ isa prakAra ahiMsA kI sAdhanA karane vAlA sAdhaka rAga-dveSa ko karmoM kA bIja mAnakara samabhAva rakhatA hai / samabhAva ko AcArya kundakunda ne cAritra kahA hai|" isa prakAra ke samabhAva se yukta zramaNa isa pRthvI para vihAra karate hue kisI 1. jaha te Na piyaM dukkhaM taheva tesipi jANa jIvANaM / evaM NaccA appovamivo jIvasu hodi sadA // bhagavatI ArAdhanA 777. 2. vahI 778. 3. maradu va jiyadu va jIvo ayadAcArassa NicchidA hiMsA / payadassa Natthi baMdho hiMsAmettaNa samidassa // pravacanasAra 217. 4. AprAdurbhAvaH khalu rAgAdInAM bhavatyahiMseti / - teSAmevotpattihiMseti jinAgamasya saMkSepaH / / puruSArthasiddhayupAya 44. 5. cArittaM samabhAvo-paMcAstikAya 107.

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58 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana bhI prANI ko kabhI bhI pIr3A nahIM pahu~cAte / ve sabhI jIvoM ke prati vaise hI dayA se paripUrNa hote haiM, jaise mAtA apane putrAdika para vAtsalya rakhatI hai|' isa mahAvrata kI prazaMsA meM kahA hai ki isa jagata meM aNu se choTI aura AkAza se bar3I koI dUsarI vastu nahIM, vaise hI ahiMsA vrata se bar3A aura koI anya vrata nahIM / yaha sarva AzramoM kA hRdaya, sarvazAstroM kA garbha aura sabhI vratoM kA nicor3a hai| jaise dhAnya ke kheta kI rakSArtha cAroM ora kA~ToM kI bAr3I hotI hai usI taraha satya, asteya Adi mahAvrata bhI ahiMsA kI rakSA ke lie haiN| ataH zramaNa ko cAhie ki jagata meM jitane prANI haiM unakI jAne yA anajAne meM hiMsA na kare, na karAve aura na hiMsA karane vAle kA anumodana hI kre| 2 satya mahAvata-rAga, dveSa, krodha, bhaya, aura moha Adi doSoM se yukta asatyavacana, parasantApakArI satyavacana tathA sUtrArtha (dvAdazAMga ke artha) ke vikathana meM aparamArthavacana-ina sabakA parityAga karanA satya mahAvrata hai|" parasaMtApakArI vacana jaise-hAsya, bhaya, krodha, tathA lobhavaza vizvAsaghAtaka jhUTha vacanoM kA sarvathA tyAga satyamahAvrata hai| nizIthaNi meM mana, vacana aura karma-ina tInoM kI ekarUpatA ko satya tathA isake abhAva ko mRSAvAda kahA hai| prakArAntara se mRSAvAda (asatya) cAra prakAra kA hotA hai| 1. vidyamAna vastu kA niSedha karanA / jIvAdi tattvoM kI vidyamAnatA ko nakAranA ki jIva (AtmA), puNyapApa Adi nahIM haiM / 2. asadbhAva-udbhAvana-jo nahIM hai usake viSaya meM kahanA ki yaha hai / jaise AtmA ke sarvagata, sarvavyApI na hone para bhI use vaisA kahanA yA zyAmAka tandula sadRza kahanA / 3. arthAntara-eka vastu ko dUsarI vastu kaha denA / jaise jIva ko ajIva athavA gAya ko ghor3A kaha denA Adi / 4. gA~ 1. vasudhammi vi viharaMtA pIDaM Na kareMti kassai kayAI / jIvesu dayAvaNNA mAyA jaha puttabhaMDesu // mUlAcAra 9 / 32. 2. patthi aNU do appaM AyAsAdo aNUNayaM Na tthi / jaha jaha jANa mahallaM Na vayamahiMsAsamaM atthi / / bhagavatI ArAdhanA 784. 3. sarvArthasiddhi 7 / 1 pR0 343. 4. dazavaikAlika 6 / 10. 5. rAgAdIhiM asaccaM cattA paratAvasaccavayaNutti / suttatthANavikahaNe ayadhAvaNujjhaNaM saccaM ||muulaacaar 116 6. mUlAcAra 5193. . 7. nizItha cUNi pR0 3988. 8. dazavakAlika 4112. jinadAsakRta cUNi pR0 148. . . .

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mUlaguNa : 59 doSa prakaTa karake kisI ko pIr3AkArI vacana khnaa| jaise andhe ko andhA yA kAne ko kAnA kahanA Adi / satya mahAvrata ke antargata ina cAroM kA sarvathA tyAga hotA hai| bhASA ke satya, asatya, mizra aura vyAvahArika-ye cAra bheda haiN| inameM zramaNa ke lie asatya evaM mizra bhASA kA prayoga varjita hai| satya aura vyAvahArika bhASA bhI hiMsAdi abhiprAyayukta hogI to usakA bhI niSedha kiyA hai| ataH zramaNa ko kevala ahiMsApUrNa nirdoSa, satya tathA vyAvahArika bhASA bolane kA vidhAna hai| 3. avattaparivarjana (acaurya) mahAvata-yaha tIsarA mahAvata hai / ise asteya yA acaurya bhI kahA jAtA hai| mUlAcArakAra ne isakI paribhASA karate hue kahA hai-grAma, nagara, jaMgala Adi sthAnoM meM par3I huI, bhUlI yA rakhI huI, alpa yA sthUla athavA para-saMgrahIta vastuoM ko binA diye grahaNa na karanA adattaparivarjana mahAvata hai|2 zramaNa ko apanI tapasyA, vANI, rUpa, AcAra aura bhAva kI bhI corI kA niSedha kiyA hai / 3 vastutaH adattAdAna meM pravatti lobhavaza hI hotI hai| ataH sacetana athavA acetana, alpa yA bahuta yahA~ taka ki dAMta sApha karane kI sIMka bhI vinA diye grahaNa karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / 4. brahmacarya-brahma zabda jIva (AtmA) kA bodhaka hai / 'bRha' dhAtu se brahma zabda banA hai, jisakA artha hotA hai bar3hanA / jJAna, darzana Adi rUpa se bar3hane ko brahma kahate haiM / jo bar3hatA hai vaha brahma jIva hai, usa brahma meM hI caryA brahmacarya hai / parAye zarIra sambandhI vyApAra (strI ramaNAdi) se virata zramaNa kA ananta paryAtmaka jIva-svarUpa kA hI avalokana karate hue usI meM ramaNa karanA brahma 1. puruSArtha siddhayupAya 91. 2. gAmAdisu paDidAI appadi pareNa saMgahidaM / NAdANaM paradavvaM adatta parivajjaNaM taM tu // mUlAcAra 117, 5 / 94. aura bhI dekhie-AcArAMga 2 / 15 / 1 / 1, dazavakAlika 4 / 13. 3. dazavaikAlika 5 / 2 / 46. 4. prazna vyAkaraNa 1 / 3. 5. dazavakAlika 6 / 13.

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60 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana carya hai| jo zramaNa apanI indriyoM aura mana ko vaza meM kara letA hai vaha AtmA meM hI ramaNa karegA anyatra nahIM / isa mahAvrata kI mahattA aura svarUpa ke viSaya meM kahA hai-vRddhA, bAlikA aura yauvanA strI ko athavA ina tInoM ke pratirUpoM ko dekhakara unheM mAtA, putrI aura bahana ke samAna mAnanA tathA strI-kathA ke anurAga se nivRtta honA, trailokyapUjya brahmacarya mahAvata hai / deva, manuSya, tithaMca jAti kI sacetana evaM citrAdi rUpa acetana-ina cAra prakAra kI striyoM kA mana, vacana aura kAya se sevana na karanA aura sadA prayatna-mana rahanA brahmacarya mahAvrata hai / dIghanikAya ke mahAlisutta meM bhagavAn buddha ne brahmacarya kA vAstavika uddezya citta vikarSaka tattvoM para vijaya pAkara pUrNa ekAgratA prApta karanA tathA "bhava-saMyojanoM" ko kSINa karake paramamukti-nirvANa ko sAkSAtkAra karanA batalAyA hai / dazavaikAlika meM brahmacaryavratadhArI ko manojJa viSayoM meM rAga-bhAva kA niSedha hai| isa prakAra striyoM kA rUpa dekhakara unake prati AkAMkSA kI nivRtti arthAt maithuna-saMjJA rahita pariNAma ko brahmacarya kahA hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM brahmacarya se viparIta abrahma ke daza bheda isa prakAra batAye haiM- (1) strI saMbaMdhI indriya-viSayoM kI abhilASA / (2) vatthivimokkho-ligeMndriya meM vikAra honA, (3) praNItarasasevana-dhAtu, bala, vIrya kI vRddhi hetu pauSTika AhAra grahaNa, (4) saMsaktadravyasevA-zayyAdi kA sevana, (5) tadindriyAlocana-striyoM ke sundara zarIra kA avalokana (6) satkArastriyoM kA sammAna karanA, (7) saMskAra-striyoM ke deha para prema rakhakara vastra, mAlA Adi padArthoM se unheM AbhUSita karanA (8) atIta-smaraNa, (9) anAgatA bhilASA tathA (10) iSTaviSayasevA / mana, vacana aura kAya se parazarIra saMbaMdhI pravRtti kA jisane tyAga kiyA hai, vaha zramaNa dasa prakAra ke abrahma kA tyAga karatA 1. jIvo baMbhA jIvammi ceva cariyA havijja jA jadiNo / taM jANa baMbhacaraM vimukkaparadehatattissa // bhagavatI ArAdhanA 878. 2. mAdusudAbhagiNIvaya daThUNitthittiyaM ca paDirUvaM / itthikahAdiNiyattI tiloyapujja have baMbhaM ||muulaacaar 118. 3. vhii-5|95. 4. dIghanikAyapAli. (1. sIlakkhandhavaggo) Amukha pR0 8. 5. dazavakAlika 8158. 6. niyamasAra 59. 7. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 879-880.

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mUlaguNa : 61 hai, taba vaha dasa prakAra ke brahmacarya kA pAlana kara pAtA hai / mUlAcArakAra ne zIlaguNAdhikAra meM abrahma ( zIla virAdhanA ) ke dasa kAraNa batAyeM haiM--strIsaMsarga, praNItarasabhojana, gaMdhamAlyasaMsparza, zayanAsana, vastrAbhUSaNa, gItavAditra, arthasaMprayoga (suvarNAdika dhana kI abhilASA ), kuzIla saMsarga, rAjasevA aura rAtrisaMcaraNa / ina sabake sarvathA tyAga se hI vizuddha brahmacarya mahAvrata kA pAlana ho sakatA hai / kyoMki sAdhana zuddhi ke binA sAdhya kI siddhi nahIM hotI / 2 7 5. saMga - vimukti (aparigraha ) - lobha kaSAya ke udaya se viSayoM kA saMga parigraha hai / saMga- vimukti se tAtparya bAhya aura AbhyAntara parigraha kA tyAga, parigraha ke prati Asakti kA abhAva / jIvoM ke Azrita mithyAtvAdi athavA dAsI dAsa, pazu Adi rUpa parigraha evaM anAzrita (apratibaddha ) dhana-dhAnyAdi rUpa parigraha evaM jIvoM se utpanna zaMkha zukti, carma, kambalAdi rUpa parigraha -- ina sabakA sarvathA tyAga karanA anya saMyama evaM jJAnopakaraNoM ke prati nirmama bhAva rakhanA saMga - vimukti (aparigraha ) mahAvrata hai / zramaNa ko jo anivArya haiM, asaMyamI janoM dvArA aprArthanIya hai tathA mamatva Adi paidA na karane vAlI vastu hI upAdeya hai / isase viparIta alpatama parigraha bhI usake lie grAhya nahIM hai" / kyoMki pAparUpa upakaraNoM ke grahaNa kI AkAMkSA parigraha hai / 7 mumukSu to apane zarIra ko bhI parigraha mAnatA hai / AcArya kundakunda ne kahA bhI hai zarIrAdi ke prati paramANumAtra bhI mUrcchA ( Asakti) rakhane vAlA bhale hI sampUrNa AgamoM kA dhArI ( jJAtA ) ho tathApi siddhi prApta nahIM karatA / vastutaH dhana-vaibhava Adi kA sadA ke lie tyAga karake hI zramaNadharma meM dIkSita hotA hai / kintu parigraha tyAga ke bAda bhI usake prati mamatva rUpa vikalpa kI mana meM gA~Tha banI rahanA hI mUrcchA hai, jo zramaNa ko apanI sAdhanA meM kabhI saphala nahIM hone detI / kyoMki jaise sAMsArika vyakti ke mana meM parigraha kI surakSA kA bhaya banA rahatA hai, vaise hI vastu ke prati mUrcchA rakhane vAle zramaNa ke 1. mUlAcAra 11 / 13-14. 2. lobhakaSAyodayAdvisayeSu saMga H parigrahaH -- sarvArthasiddhi 4 / 21. 3. mUlAcAravRtti 114. 4. jIva NibaddhA baddhA pariggahA tesi sakkaccAgo iyaramhi ya jIvasaMbhavA ceva / Nimma o'saMgo / / mUlAcAra 119. 5. pravacanasAra 3 / 23. 6. parigrahaH pApAdAnopakaraNakAMkSA mUlAcAra vRtti 1119. 7. pravacanasAra 224, 239.

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62 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana mana meM usakI surakSA kA bhaya banA rahatA hai / aura nirbhaya bane binA zramaNa kabhI saccA sAdhaka nahIM bana sktaa| ataH jo nirgrantha zramaNa parigraha kA saMgraha, cintana aura prayatnapUrvaka rakSaNa rUpa ArtadhyAna karate haiM usako to AcAryoM ne pApamohita buddhi vAlA pazu kahA hai, zramaNa nhiiN| isa taraha zramaNa ko Rddhi, satkAra. pUjA ko bhAvanA tathA jIvana kI abhilASA se bhI rahita honA tathA parigraha ko mUrchA rUpa jAnate hue lezamAtra bhI usakA saMgraha nahIM karanA cAhie / apitu pakSo kI taraha saM raha se nirapekSa rahate hue anAsakta bhAva se saMyamopakaraNa mAtra ke sAtha vicaraNa karanA caahie| pravacanasAra meM to yahA~ taka kahA hai ki kAya ceSTApUrvaka arthAt (pramAda evaM apramAda ko avasthA meM) zarIra kI halana-calana AdirUpa kriyAoM dvArA para-prANoM ke ghAta se bandha hotA bhI hai athavA nahIM bhI hotA hai kintu upadhi arthAt parigraha se to nizcita hI bandha hotA hai isIlie zramaNa antaraMga tathA bahiraMga-sabhI prakAra kA parigraha . chor3a dete haiN| kyoMki upadhi ke sadbhAva meM usa zramaNa ke mUrchA, Arambha yA asaMyama na ho yaha kaise ho sakatA hai ? tathA jo paradravya meM rata ho vaha AtmA ko kaise sAdha sakatA hai ? AcArAMga meM kahA hai jo parigraha kI buddhi kA tyAga karatA hai vahI parigraha ko tyAga sakatA hai| mUlataH parigraha ke antaraMga aura bAhya-ye do bheda haiN| inameM antaraMga parigraha ke 14 bheda haiM-mithyAtva, strIveda, puruSaveda, napuMsakaveda, hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA, krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha / bAhya parigraha ke 10 bheda haiM-kSetra, vAstu, dhana, dhAnya, dvipada, catuSpada, yAna, zayanAsana, kupya (vastra) aura bhANDa (pAtra)-isa taraha parigraha ke kula caubIsa bheda hai / ina sabakA mana, vacana aura kAya pUrvaka tyAga se hI yaha mahAvrata siddha hotA hai| 1. liMga pAhuDa 5. 2. dazavakAlika 10 / 17. 3. tattvArthasUtra 7 / 17, dazavakAlika 6 / 21. 4. uttarAdhyayana 6 / 16. 5. havadi va Na havadi baMdho madamhi jIve'dha kAyaceTThamhi / baMdho dhuvamuvadhIdo idi samaNA chaDDiyA savvaM / / pravacanasAra 219. 6. vahI 221. 7. je mamAiyaM-mati jahAti, se jahAti mamAiyaM-AcArAMga 2 / 6 / 156. 8. micchattavedarAgA taheba hassAdiyA ya chddosaa| cattAri taha kasAyA coddasa abbhaMtarA gaMthA / / khettaM vatthu dhaNadhaNNagadaM dupadacaduppadagadaM ca / jANasayaNAsaNANi ya kuppe bhaMDesu dasa hoMti // -mUlAcAra 5 / 210-211, bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1118-1119.

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pA~ca mahAvratoM kI bhAvanAyeM : | isa jAne hue artha kA punaH punaH cintana bhAvanA hai / athavA AtmA ke dvArA jo bhAyIM jAtI haiM-- unakA bAra-bAra anuzIlana karanA bhAvanA hai / arthAt jina ceSTAoM aura saMkalpoM ke dvArA mAnasika vicAroM ko bhAvita yA vAsita kiyA jAtA hai use bhAvanA kahate haiM / jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura bhakti Adi jisa rUpa ceSTAyeM va abhyAsa haiM, unase mAnasa ko bhAvita kiyA jAtA taraha -- mahAvratoM ko rakhane ke lie mana, vacana aura kAya kI zuddha pravRtti hI bhAvanA hai / ina bhAvanAoM se mahAvratoM kA pAlana adhikAdhika zuddha hotA hai / ataH ye bhAvanAyeM mahAvratoM kI sthiratA ke lie hai / pratyeka mahAvrata kI pAMca-pAMca bhAvanAyeM isa prakAra haiM zuddha 6 1. hiMsA - virata mahAvrata kI bhAvanAyeM : ( 1 ) eSaNA samiti - bhikSAcaryA viSayaka viveka yA yatnAcAra, (2) nikSepa - AdAna samiti - vastuoM ko uThAnerakhane meM viveka, (3) IryA samiti - yatnAcArapUrvaka gamanAgamana karanA, (4) manogupti- - mana ko pravRtti kA saMyamana, (5) Alokya bhojana - dekha - zodhakara dina ke prakAza meM yogya samaya para AhAra karanA / mUlaguNa : 63 uparyukta bhAvanAoM kA pAlana jIvoM kI rakSA aura ahiMsA mahAvrata kI pUrNatA hetu kiyA jAtA hai / AcArAMga aura samavAyAMga sUtra tathA cAritapAhuDa granthoM meM ullikhita isa vrata kI bhAvanAoM meM eSaNA samiti ke sthAna para vacana- gupti kA ullekha hai / jabaki praznavyAkaraNa meM Alokya bhojana kA ullekhanahIM hai, isameM apApa - vacana ( vacana samiti) bhAvanA ko svIkRta kiyA hai / 1. jJAte'rthe punaH punazcintanaM bhAvanA - paMcAdhyAyI tAtparyavRtti pR0 86. 2. tattvArthavArtika 7 / 3, 10535. 3. bhAvijjai vAsijjai jIe jIvo visuddha ceTThAe sA bhAvaNatti vuccai / - pAsaNAha cariyaM pR0 460. 4. tattvArthasUtra 713. 5. mUlAcAra 5 / 140-144, mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 145, uttarAdhyayana 31 / 17. 6. esaNANikkhavAdANiriyA samidI tahA maNoguttI / Aloya bhoyapi ya 7. mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 140. 8. AcArAMga 2|3 | 15, samavAyAMga 25, cArita pAhuDa 31. 9. praznavyAkaraNa, prathama saMvaradvAra SaSTha adhyayana. ahiMsAe bhAvaNA paMca || mUlAcAra 5 / 140. -- AcAracUlA 15 / 44, praznavyAkaraNa saMvaradvAra 1.

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64 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 2. satya - mahAvrata kI bhAvanAyeM - (1) krodha, (2) bhaya, (3) lobha, (4) hAsya inakA pratyAkhyAna yA tyAga tathA ( 5 ) anuvoci bhASaNa arthAt vicArapUrvaka sUtra ( Agama) ke anusAra bolanA ' / AcArAMga, samavAyAMga tathA praznavyAkaraNa --- ina granthoM meM mUlAcAra ke hI samAna isa mahAvrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA pratipAdana hai / kintu cArittapAhuDa meM paMcama anuvoci bhASaNa ke sthAna para amoha - bhAvanA kA ullekha AyA hai / para inake TIkAkAra ne eka gAthA uddhRta karake 'amoha' kA artha 'anuvIci - bhASaNa - kuzalatA' hI kiyA hai / 3 adattaparivarjana (acaurya) mahAvrata kI bhAvanAyeM : (1) yAcA pratisevIpustaka AsanAdi kA yAcanApUrvaka grahaNa, (2) samanujJApanA - pratisevI - parokSa meM gRhIta vastu ke grahaNa kI sUcanA denA, (3) ananyabhAva - pratisevI - para vastu kA anAtma bhAva se sevana, (4) tyakta pratisevI ( vimocitAvAsa) - jisakI anya kisI ko AvazyakatA nahIM hai, aisA chor3A huA gRhAdi zrAmaNyayogya vastu kA sevana, (5) sAdharmopakaraNa anuvIci -- sAdhArmika zramaNa ke zAstra, kamaMDalu Adi kA AgamAnukUla sevana / cArita pAhuDa meM isa mahAvrata kI nimna bhAvanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo mUlAcArollikhita bhAvanAoM se bhinna haiM---zUnyAgAra nivAsa, vimocitAvAsa, paroparodha na karanA, eSaNA zuddhi tathA sAdharma-saha-avisaMvAda arthAt sAdharmika ke sAtha visaMvAda na karanA / AcArAMga meM isa mahAvrata kI bhAvanAyeM isa prakAra haiM - (1) anuvIci - mitAvagraha - yAcana vicArapUrvaka AgamAnusAra Avazyaka sthAna yA alpa padArthoM kI yAcanA, (2) anujJApita - pAnabhojana - vidhipUrvaka 1. kohabhaya lohahAsapaiNA aNuvIci bhAsaNaM ceva / bidiyassa bhAvaNAo vadassa paMceva tA hoMti / / mUlAcAra 5 / 141. 2. AcArAMga 2 / 3 / 15, samavAyAMga 25, praznavyAkaraNa dvitIya saMvaradvAra saptama adhyayana. 3. kohabhaya hAsa lohA mohA vivarIya bhAvaNA ceva-cArita pAhuDa 33. 4. akohaNo aloho ya bhavahassa vivajjido / aNuvIci bhAsa kusalo vidiyaM vadamassido // cArita pAhuDa TIkA 33. 5. jAyaNasamaNuNNamaNA aNaNNabhAvovi cattapaDisevI / sAdhammaovakaraNassa NuvIcI sevaNaM 6. cArita pAhuDa 34, tattvArthasUtra 7 / 6. cAvi / mUlAcAra 5 / 142. 7. AcArAMga 2 / 3 / 15.

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mUlaguNa : 65 anna-pAnAdi lAne ke bAda guru AjJApUrvaka hI unakA prayoga karanA, (3) avagraha kA avadhAraNa-kSetra tathA kAla kI maryAdApUrvaka vastu Adi mA~gate samaya hI avagraha kA parimANa nizcita kara lenA / (4) abhIkSNa-avagraha-yAcana-bAra-bAra AjJA-grahaNapUrvaka sthAna yA vastu grahaNa kI yAcanA, (5) sArmika ke pAsa se avagraha-yAcana-arthAt usase AjJApUrvaka sthAna yA vastu grahaNa karanA / praznavyAkaraNa meM (1) vivikta-vAsavasati (2) abhIkSNa-avagraha-yAcana, (3) zayyAsamiti (4) sAdhAraNa piNDa-pAtralAbha aura (5) vinaya-prayoga-ina pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA ullekha hai| 4. brahmacarya mahAvata kI bhAvanAyeM : (1) mahilAlokana-virati-striyoM para kudRSTi na rakhanA, (2) pUrvarati-smaraNa-virati-pUrvabhukta rati kA smaraNa na karanA, (3) saMsaktavasati virati-saMsakta dravyayukta athavA sarAga vasati kA tyAga, (5) vikathA-virati-strI, cora Adi viSayaka kathA kA tyAga, (5) praNItarasa virati-samIhita rasoM se virati / isa mahAvrata kI prAyaH isI ke Azaya kI bhAvanAoM kA ullekha anyAnya jaina granthoM meM milatA hai| 5. saMgavimukti mahAvrata kI bhAvanAyeM : (1) zabda, (2) sparza, (3) rasa, (4) rUpa, (5) gaMdha-paMcendriya saMbaMdhita ina pAMca viSayoM meM manojJa aura amanojJa rUpa meM rAga-dveSa kA varjana hI paMcama mahAvrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAyeM haiN| cAritta pAhuDa, AcArAMga tathA praznavyAkaraNa meM bhI inhIM pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA ullekha hai|" samavAyAMga meM dhotrendriya rAgoparati, cakSu-indriya rAgoparati, ghrANendriya rAgoparati, rasanendriya rAgoparati aura sparzanendriya rAgoparati-ye pA~ca bhAvanAyeM varNita haiN| 1. praznavyAkaraNa-tRtIya saMvara dvAra, aSTama adhyayana. 2. mahilAloyaNa puvvaradisaraNasaMsatta vasadhivikahAhi / paNidarasehi ya viradI ya bhAvaNA paMca brahmahi // -mUlAcAra 5 / 143, cAritta pAhuDa 35. 3. AcArAMga sUtra 2 / 3 / 15, samavAyAMga 25. 4. apariggahassa muNiNo saddappharisarasarUvagaMdhesu / rAgaddosAdINaM parihAro bhAvaNA paMca / / -mUlAcAra 5 / 144, 5. cAritta pAhuDa 36, AcArAMga 2 / 15. praznavyAkaraNa paMcama saMvaradvAra, dazama adhyayana. 6. samavAyAMga samavAya 25. (aMgasuttANi bhAga 1. pRSTha 863.)

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66 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pA~ca mahAvatoM kI ye paccIsa bhAvanAyeM haiM / mUlAcAra meM inake mAhAtmya meM likhA hai ki jo zramaNa ina bhAvanAoM ko sadA bhAtA hai, gAr3ha nidrA meM bhI vaha pAMca mahAvratoM kI kiMcit bhI virAdhanA nahIM kara sakatA, taba phira jAgrata zramaNa kI to bAta hI aura hai| ataH zramaNoM ko inakA apramatta rUpa se manana karanA cAhie / tabhI sampUrNa vratoM kA akhaNDa aura nirdoSa pAlana kiyA jA sakatA hai|' uparyukta pA~ca mahAvratoM kA pracalana bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA se mAnA jAtA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke anusAra bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI paramparA meM cAturyAma dharma kI mAnyatA thii| isa paramparA meM brahmacarya kI svatantra mahAvrata ke rUpa meM gaNanA nahIM thI apitu ise aparigraha ke hI antargata mAnA thA / pUrvapracalita cAturyAma meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne svataMtra rUpa se brahmacarya ko paMcama mahAvrata ke rUpa meM pracalita kiyA aura taba se jainadharma paJcayAma dharma banA / bauddha piTakoM ke antargata dIghanikAya ke sAmaJaphalasutta meM bha0 pArzvanAtha ke cAturyAma dharma kA ullekha bhramavaza niggaMthanAta putta (bhagavAn mahAvIra) ke nAma se kiyA gayA milatA hai bhagavAn mahAvIra ko pAMcaveM brahmacarya mahAvrata kA bhI isalie alaga se spaSTa pratipAdana karanA Avazyaka ho gayA kyoMki prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke samakAlIna sAdhu sarala tathA alpabuddhi the| antima tIthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakAlIna muni vakra aura mandabuddhi the tathA madhyavartI bAIsa tIthakaroM ke sAdhu sarala aura prAjJa the| prathama tIrthaMkara ke samaya to mAnava sabhyatA kA udayakAla thA ataH bAhyADambaroM se jyAdA paricaya bhI nahIM thaa| kintu madhyavartI tIrthaMkaroM ke sAdhuoM ke samakSa saMyamadharma kA mArga spaSTa thaa| aparigraha mahAvrata ke svarUpa ke hI anusAra ve antarbAhya sabhI prakAra ke parigrahoM kA mana, vacana aura kAya se grahaNa karanA anucita evaM adharma samajhate the| jaise-jaise manuSyoM kI prakRti meM parivartana AyA aura brahmacarya pAlana kA spaSTa nirdeza na hone se isakI avahelanA kI adhika sambhAvanAyeM sAmane Ane lagIM taba bhagavAn mahAvIra ko isake svataMtra 1. mUlAcAra 5 / 145-146. 2. cAujjAmo ya jo dhammo jo imo paMcasikkhio / desio vaddhamANeNa pAseNa ya mahAmuNo / uttarAdhyayana 23 / 23. 3. dIghanikAya-sAmajJa phalasutta. 4. purimA ujju jaDA u vaMkajaDA ya pacchimA / majjhimA ujjupannA u tena dhamme duhA kr||-uttraadhyyn 23 // 25.

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mUlaguNa : 67 mahatva pratipAdana kI AvazyakatA mahasUsa huI aura tadanusAra usakA pratipAdana kiyaa| brahmacarya mahAvrata ke svarUpa tathA uddezyoM kA jaba hama adhyayana karate haiM taba pAte haiM ki yaha mahAvrata eka jIvanavyApI sAdhanA hai jo kisI bhI kAla yA stara meM sImita nahIM hai| yaha aisA ciMtana hai jisake pAlana se sabhI prANiyoM ke prati vaha samadRSTi jAgrata hotI hai jo AdhyAtmika hI nahIM apitu sAMsArika jIvana ke lie bhI bahuta Avazyaka hai| vaise sAMsArika vividha kAmabhoga Adi viSayoM kA sadA ko tyAga kama-duSkara kArya nahIM hai, kintu jisakA uddezya sAdhanA ke mArga para calate hue Atma vikAsakara mukti prApta karanA hai, use to ina sabakA sarvathA tyAga prathama anivArya kartavya hai anyathA inake rahate vyakti ko bhautika sukhoM kI prApti hetu parigraha kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai aura parigraha kI prApti hetu hiMsA, jhUTha, corI jaise aneka pApoM ko sAdhana banAnA par3atA hai / isalie kisI bhI sAdhaka ko apane lakSya kI prApti hetu Age bar3hane ke lie brahmacarya ko apane sampUrNa jIvana meM caritArtha karanA Avazyaka hai / pA~ca mahAvratoM kI paramparA digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM paramparAoM meM samAna hai / kintu Age calakara ardhamAgadhI Agama paramparA ke kucha granthoM meM ina pA~ca mahAvratoM ke sAtha chaThA rAtribhojana viramaNa vrata bhI jur3a gyaa|' mUlAcArakAra ne rAtribhojanatyAga ko ahiMsA mahAvrata meM antanihita mAnakara ise alaga se mUlaguNa nahIM maanaa| ahiMsA mahAvrata kI "Alokya-pAna-bhojana" nAmaka bhAvanA meM rAtribhojana tyAga garbhita hai| ekabhakta nAmaka mUlaguNa kA vidhAna hone se bhI rAtribhojana tyAga kI mUlaguNoM meM gaNanA kA koI artha hI nahIM raha jAtA / jaina paramparA meM rAtribhojana ke tyAga kA vidhAna zrAvakoM taka ke lie hai taba zramaNoM ko isakA vidhAna to apane Apa hI siddha hai / isa saMbaMdha meM mUlAcArakAra ne cAritrAcAra ke vivecana prasaMga meM ahiMsA mahAvrata kI rakSArtha rAtribhojana tyAga ko prathama kartavya kahA hai / tathA rAtribhojana se utpanna doSoM kA bhI vahA~ saMkSipta meM acchA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 1. ahAvare chaThe bhaMte / vae rAIbhoyaNAo veramaNaM / dazavakAlika 4 / 16. 2. tesiM ceva vadANaM rakkhaTuM rAdi bhoyaNaNi yattI / aTThaya pavayaNamAdA ya bhAvaNAo ya savvAo / tesiM paMcaNhapi yAnhayANamAvajjaNaM ca saMkA vA / AdavivattI a have rAdIbhattappasaMgeNa // mUlAcAra 5 / 98, 99

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68 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana isa prakAra pAMca mahAvratoM ke vivecana meM zramaNadharma ke prANasvarUpa ahiMsA mahAvrata kA prAdhAnya hI dRSTigocara hotA hai / isI kI vizuddhi ke lie prAyaH sampUrNa AcAra-vicAra kA pratipAdana bhI huA hai / zramaNa kI pratyeka AcAramUlaka kriyA ahiMsAparaka hotI hai| ahiMsA Adi pA~ca mahAvrata eka dUsare ke pUraka aura sahayogI haiM kyoMki inake viparIta pAMca avatoM meM se kisI eka kA bhI AcaraNa karane vAlA zeSa avratoM ke AcaraNa se baca nahIM sakatA / parigraha rakhane vAlA hiMsA se nahIM baca sakatA aura na hiMsA karane vAlA parigraha se / vastutaH ina sabake mUla meM rAga aura dveSa-ye do vikArI pravRttiyA~ kAma karatI haiN| hiMsA Adi to unake paryAya haiN| inhIM donoM se prerita hokara jo puruSa parigraha kI AkAMkSA karatA hai vaha hiMsAdi sabhI avratoM kA bhI sparza karatA hai| amRtacaMdrasUri ne kahA hai- rAgabhAva hiMsA haiM, ataH asatya, corI, kuzIla evaM parigraha bhI rAgAdibhAva rUpa hone se hiMsA hI hai| pAMca pApa (avata) rUpa kathana to mAtra samajhAne ke lie kiyA gayA hai| pAMca mahAvratoM kI prApti tathA unakA pAlana eka sAtha hotA hai alaga alaga nhiiN| isa taraha ye mahAvrata eka sAtha hI ghaTita hote haiM tathA ekasAtha bhaMga bhI hote haiM / ataH sabhI mahAvratoM ke paripAlana meM hI zramaNAcAra kI pUrNatA dekhI jA sakatI hai| samiti: zramaNa dharma nivRtti pradhAna hai| phira bhI jIvana caryA ke nirvighna saMcAlana hetu nitya ke kAryoM meM pravRtti kA Azraya bhI Avazyaka hotA hai / kyoMki zramaNa ko calanA, phiranA, uThanA, baiThanA, bolanA, AhAra lenA, kamaNDalu, Adi uThAnA-rakhanA, tathA mala-mUtra visarjana Adi kriyAyeM bhI karanI par3atI haiM / ataH ina pravRttiyoM ko pramAda rahita yatnAcAra pUrvaka sampanna karanA hI samiti hai / ___ ahiMsA Adi mahAvratoM ko sthita karane ke uddezya se ina kriyAoM meM vivekapUrvaka samyak pravRtti dvArA jIvoM kI rakSA karanA tathA prayatnapUrvaka sadA jIvoM ke rakSaNa kI bhAvanA rakhanA 'samiti' hai| vastutaH jabataka isa saMsAra meM rahanA hai-ina kriyAoM ke binA jIvana saMbhava nhiiN| ina kriyAoM meM jIvahiMsA bhI ho sakatI hai| para ayatnAcAra kA zamana tathA vizuddha pravRttiyoM ke AcaraNa se hI zramaNa apane ahiMsA Adi mahAvratoM kI rakSA aura unakA poSaNa kara sakatA hai / isa dRSTi se mana kI ekAgratA, vizuddhatA, saMyama kI dRr3hatA evaM cAritrika vikAsa hetu samitiyoM kA AcaraNa Avazyaka hai / kahA bhI hai jIva 1. puruSArtha siddhayupAya 42.

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mUlaguNa : 69 mare yA jIye, ayatnAcArI pramattapuruSa ko nizcitarUpa se hiMsA kA doSa lagatA haiM / kintu jo prayatnavAn apramatta evaM samiti parAyaNa hai usako kisI kI hiMsA mAtra se karmabandha nahIM hotA / " samitiyA~ pravRttiparaka hotI haiM / ina samitiyoM meM pravRtti se sarvatra evaM sarvadA guNoM kI prApti tathA hiMsA Adi pApoM se nivRtti hotI hai / Asrava kA nirodha tathA purAne karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai / 2 ananta jIvoM se bhare isa saMsAra meM jIvoM kI hiMsA se zramaNa usI taraha lipta nahIM hotA jaise snehaguNayukta kamalapatra pAnI se lipta nahIM hotA / aura jaise lohe kA kavaca dhAraNa karane vAlA yoddhA yuddha meM vANoM kI varSA hone para bhI vaha vANoM se biddha nahIM hotA / saMsAra meM ajJAnI ke sadRza jJAnI bhI pravRtti karate haiM kintu ajJAnI karmoM se ba~dhatA rahatA hai para jJAnI unase mukta rahatA hai / usI taraha samiti-pUrvaka pravRtti karane vAle jIva kI sthiti hai / 3 AcArya kundakunda ne isa samitiyoM ko 'saMyama zuddhi meM nimittabhUta' kahA hai / cAritra evaM saMyama kI pravRtti ke lie samiti ke pA~ca bheda haiM - ( 1 ) IrSyA (2) bhASA ( 3 ) eSaNA ( 4 ) nikSepaNAdAna evaM (5) uccAraprasravaNa (pratiSThApanikA) / ina samitiyoM kA kramazaH vivecana prastuta hai - (1) IryA samitiH isakA sAmAnya artha hai- - gamanAgamana viSayaka yatnAcAra arthAt kSudra jIva bhI pairoM ke nIce Akara mara na jAe, aisA prayatnamana rahanA / kAryavaza dina ke samaya arthAt sUrya ke prakAza meM prAsuka mArga se cAra hAtha parimANa bhUmi ko Age dekhate hue, jIvoM kI virAdhanA bacAte hue saMyamapUrvaka gamana karanA IryA samiti hai / mArga-zuddhi (jIvAdi rahita mArgazuddhi), 6 -zuddhi ( sUrya kA prakAza), upayoga zuddhi (indriya viSayoM kI ceSTA rahita tathA - 1. pravacanasAra 217 / 2. mUlAcAra 5 / 133. 3. vahI 5 / 129-132. 4. saMjamasohinimitte khaMti jiNA paMcasamidIo / cAritta pAhuDa 37. 5. iriyAbhAmA esaNa NikkhevAdANameva samidIo / pAdiThAvaNiyA ya tahA uccArAdINa paMcavihA || mUlAcAra 1 / 10, 5 104. 6. phAsUyamaggeNa divA jugaMtarappehiNA sakajjeNa / jaMtUNi pariharateNiriyAsamidI have gamaNaM // mUlAcAra 111, niyamasAra 61

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70 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana jJAna-darzanarUpa upayoga sahita) aura AlaMbana-zuddhi (deva, gurU, tIrtha vaMdanA Adi Alambana arthAt prayojana)-ina cAra zuddhiyoM ke AzrayapUrvaka zramaNoM kI gamana rUpa pravRtti ko IryAsamiti kahA hai|' arthAt isake antargata IryApatha para yugapramANa (cAra hAtha) sAmane sAvadhAnI se dekhate hue sadA apramattabhAva se gamana karane kA vidhAna hai| isa taraha jaba sUrya ke prakAza se samasta dizAyeM prakAzamAna ho jAyeM aura mArga spaSTa dikhAI dene lageM taba svAdhyAya, pratikramaNa devavandana Adi nityakarma kare, phira apane sammukha cAra hAtha pramANa bhUmi ko acchI taraha se dekhate hue vizuddha mana, vacana aura kAya se sAvadhAnI pUrvaka zAstra meM upayoga rakhate hue deva, guru aura dharmAdi rUpa Alambana ke uddezya se prAsuka mArga (IryApatha) para gamana karanA IryAsamiti hai / mUlAcAra meM prAsuka mArga (IryApatha) ke lakSaNoM ke viSaya meM likhA hai- 'jisa mArga para bailagAr3I, yAna, yugya (hAthI, ghor3A tathA manuSyAdi ke dvArA khIMcA yA DhoyA jAne vAlA), ratha Adi vAhana tathA hAthI, ghor3A, gadhA, U~Ta, gAya, bhaiMsa, gavelakA (bakarA), strI, puruSa Adi kA nirantara AvAgamana ho, sAtha hI vaha mArga sUrya-prakAza-yukta tathA kRSIkRta ho vaha prAsuka mArga hai / zramaNoM ko aise hI mArga para calane kA vidhAna hai| sAmane kI yuga-pramANa bhUmi dekhakara gamana viSayaka vidhAna ke sambandha meM vicAra Avazyaka hai| kyoMki aneka zAstroM meM isakA ullekha hai|" mUlAcAra vRttikAra vasunandi ne yuga-pramANa kA artha 'cAra hAtha pramANa' kiyA 1. maggujjobupaogAlaMbaNasuddhIhiM iriyado munninno| suttANuvIci bhaNiyA iriyAsa midI pavayaNammi // mUlAcAra 5 / 105, bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1191. 2. iriyAvahapaDivaNNeNavalogaMteda hodi gaMtavvaM / purado jugappamANaM sayApamatteNa saMteNa / / vahI 5 / 106. 3. mUlAcAravRtti 5 / 105,106. 4. mUlAcAra 5 / 107-109, sthAnAMga 5 / 3, uttarAdhyayana 25. 5. (ka) jugaMtarappehiNA""mUlAcAra 1.11. (kha) purado jugappamANaM "vahI 5 / 106. (ga) jugamittaM "uttarAdhyayana 24 / 7. (gha) purao jugamAyAe"dazavaikAlika 5 / 3.

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mUlaguNa : 71 hai / zAntyAcArya ne bhI yahI artha kiyA hai / 2 bauddha paramparA ke vizuddhimagga meM tathA Ayurveda ke aSTAMgahRdaya meM bhI isI Azaya kA ullekha hai / jinadAsa mahattara ne yuga kA zarIra' artha kiyA hai| isakA Azaya batAyA hai ki muni ko apane zarIra-pramANa Age dekhakara calanA cAhie / gAr3I se sambandhita yuga kA yaha artha hai ki jaise gAr3I ke sAmane Age kA bhAga kama caur3A aura usake bAda kramazaH adhika vistRta hotA jAtA hai isI prakAra zramaNa kI dRSTi bhI honI cAhie / yuga kA hI laukika artha gAr3I (bailagAr3I Adi) kA juA bhI hotA hai / isa dRSTi se gAr3I ke jue kI lambAI ke barAbara Age ke mArga ko dekhakara calanA cAhie / dazavakAlikacUNi meM kahA hai-yadi calate samaya dRSTi ko bahuta dUra DAlA jAe to sUkSma jIva dekhe nahIM jA sakate aura use atyanta nikaTa rakhA jAe to sahasA paira ke nIce Ane vAle jIvoM ko TAlA nahIM jA sakatA, isalie zarIra-pramANa kSetra dekhakara calane kA vidhAna hai| uttarAdhyayana meM IryAsamiti ke cAra kAraNa batAye hai--1. Alambana, 2. kAla, 3. mArga tathA 4. ytnaa| saMyata ko ina cAra kAraNoM se parizuddha IryA samiti pUrvaka vicaraNa karanA cAhie / inameM 1. IryA samiti kA Alambana jJAna, darzana aura cAritra hai| inakA Alambana lekara hI gamana karanA cAhie, anya prayojana se nhiiN| 2. kAla-IryA samiti kA kAla divasa hai / arthAt dina meM hI gamana karanA cAhie, rAta meM nhiiN| 3. mArga-sAdhu ko utpatha 1. (ka) yugamAtraM hastacatuSTaya pramANam--mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 106. (kha) yugAntaraM caturhastapramANaM prekSate pazyatIti yugAntarapekSI tena yugAntara prekSiNA-vahI 1 / 11. 2. yugamAtraM ca caturhastapramANaM prastAvatkSetraM prekSeta-uttarAdhyayana (24 / 7) bRhadvRtti patra 515. 3. "yugamattadassI-visuddhimagga 1 / 2. 4. vicared yugamAtradRk-aSTAMgahRdaya sUtrasthAna 2 / 32. 5. jugaM sarIraM bhaNNai-dazavaikAlika (5 / 1 / 3) jinadAsacUNi pRSTha 168. 6. tAvamettaM purao aMto saMkuDAe bAhi vitthaDAe sagaDuddhiyAe diTThIe -dazavakAlika jinadAsa cUNi pR0 168. 7. dazavakAlika (5|13)jindaascuunni pR0 168 tathA agastyasiMha cUNi pR0 99. . 8. AlambaNeNa kAleNa maggeNa jayaNAi ya / caukAraNaparisuddhaM saMjae iriyaM rie // uttarAdhyayana 24 / 4.

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72 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (kumArga) kA varjana karake prAsuka mArga para hI gamana karanA cAhie / 4. yatanAdravya (A~khoM se dekhakara ), kSetra ( yuga pramANa bhUmi ko dekhakara ), kAla ( jabataka cale tabataka dekhe) aura bhAva ( upayoga pUrvaka ) yatanA ke ina cAra prakAroM kA dhyAna rakhakara sAvadhAnI pUrvaka gamana karanA caahie| sAtha hI indriya-viSayoM aura pA~ca prakAra ke svAdhyAya kA kArya chor3akara mAtra gamana-kriyA meM hI tanmaya ho, usI ko pramukha mahattva dekara upayogapUrvaka cale / ' calate samaya bAtacIta, adhyayana, cintana Adi kAryoM kA bhI niSedha hai / para na to gamana hI sAvadhAnI pUrvaka udvega-rahita hokara tathA citta kI kyoMki ina kAryoM ko karate hue calane hogA aura na ye kArya / zramaNa ko dhIme, AkulatA miTAkara calanA cAhie / 2 isa prakAra zramaNa ko gamana ke samaya jina bAtoM kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ve isa taraha haiM - ( 1 ) sAvadhAnI pUrvaka sAmane kI cAra hAtha bhUmi dekhate hue calanA, (2) hAtha-pairoM ko Apasa meM TakarAkara nahIM calanA, ( 3 ) bhaya aura vismaya kA tyAga karake calanA, (4) kUdakara bhAgakara nahIM, apitu madhyama gati se calanA cAhie, (5) harI vanaspati, traNa- pallava Adi se eka hAtha dUra rahakara calanA, (6) vanaspati, jalakAyika Adi jIvoM kI hiMsA kI sambhAvanA se yukta choTe rAste se nahIM jAkara inase rahita lambe rAste se hI gamana karanA, (7) varSA ke kAraNa mArga meM utpanna choTe-choTe jIva-jantu aura aMkurita vanaspati jAnakara cAturmAsa prAraMbha kara denA cAhie, (8) varSA Rtu ke pazcAt bhI mArga jIva-jantu aura vanaspati se rahita na ho to muni bhramaNa na kare, (9) jina mArgoM meM cora, mleccha evaM anArya logoM ke bhaya kI sambhAvanA ho athavA jisa mArga meM yuddhasthala par3atA ho to unheM chor3akara nirApada mArgoM se hI gamanAgamana karanA cAhie / (10) prasaMgavazAt mArga meM siMha Adi hiMsaka pazu Adi dikhAI deM to per3oM para na car3he, na pAnI meM kUde aura na unheM mArane ke lie zastra Adi kI mana meM icchA hI kare, apitu zAntipUrvaka nirbhaya hokara gamana karate rahanA cAhie | (11) mUlAcAra ke anusAra gamana kAla meM jaba dhUpa se chAyA meM yA chAyA se dhUpa meM jAye, taba prathamataH apane zarIra kA mayUra - picchi se pramArjana avazya kara lenA cAhie / 3 gamana ke samaya ina saba vidhAnoM kA prayojana prANihiMsA nirodha hI hai / 1. uttarAdhyayana 24 / 5-8. 3. kunda0 mUlAcAra 5 / 124 / 2. dazavaikAlika 5 / 1 / 2.

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mUlaguNa : 73 2. bhASA samiti :--bhASA viSayaka saMyama ko bhASA samiti kahate haiN| arthAt kisI ko mere vacanoM se kisI prakAra kI pIr3A na pahu~ce isa uddezya se paizUnya (mithyAropaNa)hAsya, karkaza,para-nindA, AtmaprazaMsA tathA rAga-dveSa-vardhaka vikathAoM Adi kA tyAga karake sva-para hitakArI vacana bolanA bhASA samiti hai|' dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA satyavacana tathA sAmAnyavacana (asatyamRSA)-ina vacanoM ko mRSAvAdAdi doSa evaM hiMsAdi pAparahita sUtrAnusAra bolanA zuddha bhASAsamiti hai| bhASA samiti yukta vANI ko vacana supraNidhAna kahA hai tathA vANI kA durupayoga, kaTu zabdoM kA uccAraNa vacana-duSpraNidhAna kahA hai / uttarAdhyayana meM kahA hai-krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hAsya, bhaya, mukharatA aura vikathA-ina ATha doSoM se rahita samayAnukUla parimita evaM nirdoSa bhASA kA vyavahAra hI bhASA samiti hai / zramaNa ko vaisI koI bhI bhASA nahIM bolanA cAhie jo pApa pravRtti yukta (sAvadya), nindAjanaka, karkaza, dhamakIyukta, gupta marma ko kholane vAlI ho, cAhe ye bhale hI satya kyoM na hoN| 4 bhagavadgItA meM to udvega paidA na karane vAle, satya, priya, hita vacana bolane tathA svAdhyAya kA abhyAsa karane ko vANI kA tapa kahA hai| satpuruSa zramaNa ko vinaya rahita kaThora bhASA tathA dharma viruddha vacanoM kA prayoga varjanIya hai / ve netroM se yogya-ayogya saba dekhate haiM, kAnoM se saba taraha ke zabda sunate haiM, parantu ve mUka kI taraha rahate haiM / laukika kathA bhI nahIM karate, apitu ve nirvikAra, uddhRta ceSTA rahita, samudra ke sadRza nizcala evaM gambhIra hokara rahate haiM / ataH aise pApabhIrU aura guNAkAMkSI muni 1. pesuNNahAsakakkasa paraNiMdAppappasaMsAvikahAdI / vajjittA saparahiyaM bhAsAsamidI have kahaNaM // -mUlAcAra 1112, niyamasAra 62, dazavakAlika 24 / 9-10 / 2. saccaM asaccamosaM aliyAdIdosavajjamaNavajjaM / vadamANassaNuvIcI bhAsAsa midI have suddhA // -mUlAcAra 5 / 110, bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1192 / 3. uttarAdhyayana 24 / 9-10, yogazAstra 1 / 37. 4. AcArAMga 2 / 4 / 1, bRhatkalpabhASya u0 6. 5. anugakaraM vAkyaM satyaM priyahitaM ca yat / svAdhyAyAbhyasanaM caiva vAGmayaM tava ucyate // bhagavadgItA 17115. 6. mUlAcAra 9 / 87, 88, 93.

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74 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana yadi mauna na raha sake taba use hisAdi pApa tathA ayogya vacanoM se rahita yogya vacana bolanA caahie|' vacana (bhASA) ke cAra bheda hai-satya, mRSA (asatya), 3. satyAsatya (mizra) evaM 4. asatyamRSA / inakA kramazaH vivecana prastuta hai-. 1. satyavacana : vacana ke uparyukta cAra bhedoM meM prathama satya (satya vacana yA bhASA) ke dasa bheda isa prakAra hai-(1) janapada, (2) sammata, (3) sthApanA, (4) nAma, (5) rUpa, (6) pratItya , (7) sambhAvanA, (8) vyavahAra, (9) bhAva tathA (10) upmaa| (1) janapadasatya-janapada kA artha deza hai ataH ise dezasatya bhI kahate haiN| deza vizeSa kI apekSA se zabdoM kA vyavahAra karanA janapada satya hai / vibhinna dezavAsiyoM ke vyavahAra meM jo zabda apane kisI viziSTa artha meM rUr3ha ho gaye hoM-jaise 'odana' (bhAta) zabda / isa zabda ko dravir3a meM 'caura' kahate hai / kannar3a bhASA meM 'kUla' aura gaur3I bhASA meM 'bhakta kahA jAtA hai / isI taraha caura, kUla, bhakta Adi vibhinna dezoM kI bhASAoM ke ye zabda odana artha meM rUr3ha haiN| kintu eka deza kA rUr3ha zabda dUsare deza meM asatya bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| phira bhI kisI eka deza kI apekSA se koI isakA prayoga kare to vaha satya 1. mUlAcAra 51120. 2. (a) vahI 5 / 110. tathA, tavivarIdaM mosaM taM ubhayaM jatthA saccamosaM taM / tavivarIdAbhAsA asaccamosA havadi diTTA // -mUlAcAra 5 / 117, bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1194. (A) caturvidhA vAk-satya, mRSA, satyasahitA mRSA, asatyamRSA ceti / -bhagavatI ArAdhanA vijayodayA TIkA 1192. 3. jaNavadasammadaThavaNA NAme rUve paDuccasacce y| saMbhAvaNavavahAre bhAve opamma sacce ya / / mUlAcAra 5 / 111. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1193, gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 222. 4. janapadasaccaM jagha odaNAdiyavuccadi ya savvabhAsAe / bahujaNasammadamavi hodi jaM tu loe jahA devI / mUlAcAra savRtti 5 / 112.

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mUlaguNa: 75 2. sammatasatya - prAcIna vidvAnoM, AcAryoM yA bahujana dvArA mAnya kiye gae artha meM zabdoM kA prayoga karanA sammata satya hai / bahujana sammata zabda jaba sarvasAdhAraNa artha meM rUr3ha ho jAte haiM taba ve sammata satya bana jAte haiM / jaise rAjA kI strI manuSya jAti kI strI hote hue bhI 'mahAdevI' zabda se rUr3ha hai / isI taraha paGkaja zabda kA yaugika artha " kIcar3a meM utpanna hone vAlA" hai, kintu loka meM yaha " kamala" artha meM mAnya hai / ataH paGkaja kA artha kIcar3a meM utpanna hone vAle "meMDhaka" Adi nahIM karake "kamala" artha hI karanA sammata satya hai / 3. sthApanA satya -- samAna AkAra yA bhinna AkAra vAlI vastu meM kisI vyakti vizeSa kI sthApanA karake use usI rUpa meM mAnanA arthAt kisI vastu meM usase bhinna guNoM kA samAropa karake use tadrUpa mAnanA sthApanA satya hai / jaise patthara kI pratimA meM arhantAdi kI sthApanA karake use tadrUpa mAnakara Adara, pUjana Adi karanA / isI taraha zataraMja ke moharoM ko hAthI, ghor3A, vajIra Adi mAnanA tathA nAmoM se sambodhita karanA / yadyapi ye mohare na to una rUpoM se yukta haiM aura na vaise guNoM se yukta, kintu unameM usa prakAra kI sthApanA kara lene se inheM hAthI, ghor3A Adi mAnate haiM / 4. nAma - satya - guNoM kI apekSA na karake vyavahAra ke lie devadatta Adi nAma rakhanA | cU~ki vaha devoM dvArA pradatta nahIM hai kintu vyavahAra ke lie use 'devadatta' kahanA nAma - satya hai / arthAt vaise guNa na hone para bhI vyakti vizeSa kA yA vastu vizeSa kA vaisA nAma rakhakara use usa nAma se sambodhita karanA / 5. rUpa - satya - rUpa vizeSa kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa kisI vyakti yA dravya ko kAlA, sapheda Adi varNa vAlA kahanA rUpa satya hai / jaise bagulA pakSI kaI varNoM ke hote haiM kintu zveta varNa kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa unheM zveta kaha diyA jAtA hai| 6. pratItya- satya -- ise ApekSika satya bhI kahate haiM / apekSA vizeSa se vastu ko choTI-bar3I kahanA pratItya satya hai / vivakSita padArtha kI apekSA se dUsare padArtha ke svarUpa kA kathana karanA - jaise choTe yA patale padArtha kI apekSA se anya 1. mUlAcAra 5 / 112. 2-4 ThavaNA ThavidaM jaha devadAdi NAmaM ca devadattAdi / ukkaDadarotti vaNNe rUve seo jadha balAyA || - mUlAcAra vRtti sahita 5 / 113.

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76 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana padArthoM ko lambA yA sthala kahanA / ' jaise madhyamA aMgulI kI apekSA anAmikA ko choTI evaM kaniSThA aMgulI kI apekSA bar3I kahanA / . 7. vyavahAra-satya-naigama, saMgraha Adi nayoM kI pradhAnatA se jo vacana bolA jAya vaha vyavahAra satya hai / jaise cAvala pakAne kI taiyArI meM saMlagna vyakti se pUchane para ki kyA kara rahe ho ? vaha uttara de ki 'maiM bhAta pakA rahA huuN'| cUMki bharata to svayaM pake hue cAvala haiM taba cAvala pakAyegA, na ki bhAta / phira bhI vyavahAra se aise kathana satya mAna liye jAte haiN| isI taraha jaba koI pathika pUchatA hai ki yaha rAstA kahA~ jAtA hai ? taba isake uttara meM kaha diyA jAtA hai ki amuka nagara ko / vastutaH rAstA vahIM rahatA hai, jAtA to vyakti hai kintu loka vyavahAra meM ukta kathana satya hone se ise vyavahAra satya kahA jAtA hai / 8. sambhAvanA-satya-asambhavatA kA nirAkaraNa karate hue vastu ke kisI dharma kA nirUpaNa karanA sambhAvanA satya haiN| jaise yaha kahanA ki yadi indra cAhe to pRthvI ko palaTa sakatA hai / 3 9. bhAva-satya-satya vacana bhI yadi hiMsAdi doSa sahita hoM to una vacanoM ko bhI nahIM bolanA arthAt hiMsA Adi-doSa rahita yogya vacana bolanA bhAvasatya hai| jaise kisI kasAI dvArA pUchane para ki 'ighara se gAya ko jAte hue dekhA hai ? isakA uttara-maiMne nahIM dekhA'-kaha denA bhAva-satya ke antargata hai|" 10. upamA-satya-kisI eka aMza kI bhI samAnatA ko lekara eka vastu kI dUsarI vastu se tulanA karanA upamA satya hai| jaise pUjana-kArya meM prayukta pIle cAvaloM ko sAdRzya ke kAraNa puSpa kaha denaa| isI taraha kisI strI ko caMdramukhI kahanA / palyopama, sAgaropama Adi bhI upamA-satya ke udAharaNa haiM / upamA ke cAra bheda haiM-1. sat kI sat se upamA arthAt vidyamAna padArtha ko vidyamAna padArtha se ho upamita karanA / jaise netra kamala ke samAna vikasita 1-2. mUlAcAra 5 / 114. 3. vahI 5 / 115. 4. satyamapi hiMsAdi doSasahitaM na vAcyamiti bhAvasatyam / mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 116. 5-6. hiMsAdi dosavijudaM saccamakappiyamavi bhAvado bhAvaM / ovammeNa du saccaM jANasu palidovamAdIyA // vahI 5 / 116. 7. anuyogadvAra 231-232 pR0 23.

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mUlaguNa : 77 haiN| 2. sat kI asat se upamA--jaise yaha kahanA ki indra meM itanA bala hai ki vaha meruparvata ko daNDa aura pRthvI ko chatra banA sakatA hai kintu aisA karatA nahIM hai| 3. asat kI sat se upamA / 4. asat kI asat se upamA-jaise yaha kahanA ki candana kA puSpa AkAza puSpa kI taraha hai| isameM upamA-upameya donoM asat haiN| satya ke pUrvokta dasa bhedoM kA vivecana aneka jaina zAstroM meM upalabdha hai| kucha meM satya ke ina bhedoM ke nAma Adi meM alpAdhika antara bhI hai, jaisesthAnAMgasUtra meM navama yoga-satya mAnA hai jisakA artha hai-kriyAvizeSa ke sambandha se vyakti ko sambodhita karanA / jaise--kisI daNDadhArI vyakti ko "daNDI" kahakara bulAne para vaha A jAtA hai / kyoMki usake pAsa daNDa hone se vaha apane Apa ko daNDI samajhatA hai, dUsare bhI use daNDI samajhate haiM / AcArya akalaMkadeva ne tattvArthavArtika meM satya ke dasa bheda isa prakAra batAye hai-nAma, rUpa, sthApanA, pratItya, saMvRtti, saMyojanA, janapada, deza, bhAva aura samaya / 2 inameM sammatasatya ko saMvRttisatya nAma se ullikhita kiyA hai| anya bhedoM meM saMyojanAsatya kA artha hai-dhUpa, ubaTana Adi meM yA kamala, magara, haMsa, sarvatobhadra Adi meM sacetana, acetana dravyoM ke bhAva, vidhi, AkAra Adi kI yojanA karane vAlA vacana / deza satya se tAtparya hai-grAma, nagara, rAjya, gaNa, mata, jAti, kula Adi dharmoM ke upadezaka vacana / AgamoM meM varNita padArthoM kA yathArtha nirUpaNa karane vAlA vacana samayasatya hai / anya bheda mUlAcAra ke sadRza hI haiN| 2. mRSA (asatyavacana) : vacana ke pUrvokta cAra bhedoM meM dvitIya mRSA (asatya) vacana hai| isake aneka bheda ho sakate haiN| sthAnAMgasUtra meM asatya bolane ke kAraNoM kI dRSTi se mRSA ke bhI bheda kiye haiN| 1. krodha, 2. mAna, 3. mAyA. 4. lobha, 5. prema, 6. dveSa, 7. hAsya, 8. bhaya, 9. AkhyAyikA, aura 10. upaghAta / ina kAraNoM ke Azrita hokara vyakti asatya bolatA hai| 1. jaNavaya sammaya ThavaNA, NAme rUve paDuccasacce ya / vavahAra bhAva joge dasame ovamma sacce ya / sthAnAMga 1089. 2. dazavidhaH satyasadbhAvaH-nAma-rUpa-sthala-sthApanA-pratItya-saMvRtti-saMyojanA janapada-deza-bhAva-samayasatyabhedena / tattvArthavArtika 1.20.12. pR0 75. 3. dasavidhe mose paNNatte, taM jahA kodhe mANe mAyA, lobhe pijje taheva dose ya / / hAsa bhae akkhAiya, uvaghAta Nissite dasame // sthAnAMga 10.90.

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78 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 1. krodha ke vazIbhUta hokara bhI vyakti asatya bolate haiM / jaise--- krodha meM hI mitra ko zatru Adi kaha denA krodhAzrita asatyavacana hai / 2. mAna ke Azrita hokara asatya kaha denA / jaise nirdhana yA buddhihIna hote hue bhI jhUThI prazaMsA ke lie apane ko bar3A ghanavAn yA buddhimAn batA denA / mAnAzrita asatya vacana hai / 3. dhokhA dekara dUsaroM ko Thagane ke uddezya se jhUTha bolanA mAyAzrita asatya vacana hai / 4. lobhavaza apanI alpamUlya vastu ko bahumUlya batAnA lobhAzrita asatyavacana hai | 5. prema ke vazIbhUta hokara kaha denA ki "maiM to ApakA dAsa hU~ / " premAzrita asatyavacana hai / 6. dveSavaza nIcA dikhAne ke uddezya se guNI ko nirguNa, vidvAn ko mUrkha tathA dhanavAna ko daridra kaha denA dveSAzrita asatyavacana hai / 7. ha~sI-majAka Adi ke uddezya se kisI kI koI vastu uThA lenA aura pUchane para manA kara denA hAsyAzrita asatya vacana hai / 8. daNDa evaM apamAna Adi ke bhaya se jhUTha bolanA bhayAzrita asatya vacana hai | 9. AkhyAyikA meM ayathArtha kA guMphanakara sarasatA ke sahAre asat ko sat rUpa meM prastuta karanA AkhyAyikA asatyavacana hai / 10. dUsaroM ko pIr3A dene kI bhAvanA se upaghAtakAraka vacana bolanA upaghAtAzrita asatyavacana hai / dazavaikAlika kI agastya cUrNi ' meM mRSAvAda (asatyavacana) ke cAra bheda batAye haiM / sadbhAva pratiSedha - vidyamAna vastu kA niSedha karanA / jaise jIva, puNya, pApa, bandha, mokSa Adi nahIM hai / 2 asadbhAva udbhAvanaH -- asad vastu kA astitva batAnA / jaise AtmA sarvagata sarvavyApI na hone para bhI use vaisA athavA aNumAtra kahanA / 3. arthAntara - eka vastu ko dUsarI vastu kahanA jaise gAya ko ghor3A Adi kahanA | 4. garhA - doSa pragaTa karake kisI ko kaSTakArI vacana bolanA, jaise andhe ko andhA yA kAne ko kAnA kahanA / 1. dazavaikAlika agastyasiMha kRta cUrNi pR0 148.

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mUlaguNa : 79 3. satyAsatya (mizra)-- vacana kA tRtIya bheda satyAsatya (satyamRSA) tadubhaya rUpa hai / isake zabda vAkya yA vacana meM satyatA aura asatyatA-donoM kA samAveza rahatA hai| sthAnogasUtra meM isake dasa bheda batAye haiM'-utpanna mizraka, vigatamizraka, utpannavigatamizraka, jIvamizraka, ajIvamizraka, jIva-ajIvamizraka, anantamizraka, parItamizraka, addhA (kAla) mizraka aura addhA-addhA (kAlAMza) mizraka / (1) utpanna mizraka-utpatti kI apekSA mizrabhASA bolanA, jaise-Aja sau bAlaka paidA hue haiM-aisA khnaa| yadi pUre sau bAlaka utpanna hue hoM to yaha bhASA satya hai kintu nyUnAdhika utpanna hue hoM to mizra bhASA kahI jaayegii| (2) vigatamizraka-mRtakoM ko apekSA se kahanA ki Aja so vyaktiyoM kA nidhana huaa| (3) utpanna vigatamizraka-janma aura maraNa donoM ke viSaya meM kahanA ki Aja itane janme aura itane mRta huye| (4) jIvamizraka-adhikAMza jIvita zaGkha Adi kA Dhera dekhakara kaha denA ki yaha jIvoM kA Dhera hai / andara kaI mRta bhI ho sakate haiM / (5) ajIvamizraka-adhikAMza mRtaka jIvoM kA Dhera dekhakara ayathArtha rUpa se yaha kaha denA ki yaha mRta jIvoM kA piNDa hai / (6) jIva-ajIvamizraka-jIvita evaM mRta jIvoM kA mizrita Dhera dekhakara ayathArtha rUpa se yaha kaha denA ki isameM itane jIvita evaM mRtaka hai / (7) anantamizraka-gAjara-mUlI Adi anantakAya kA Dhera dekhakara kaha denA - ki yaha anantakAya kA Dhera hai / mUlI Adi ke patte pratyekakAya hone se yaha mizra bhASA ho jAtI hai| (8) parItamizraka-gehU~-bAjarA Adi pratyekavanaspati kA kheta dekhakara kaha denA ki yaha saba pratyekakAya hai| pratyekavanaspati ugate samaya anantakAya hone se usa kheta meM naye paudhoM kI apekSA se anantakAya kA honA sambhava hai ataH yaha bhI mizrabhASA hai| (9) addhAmizraka-addhA arthAt kAla / dina-rAta Adi kAla ke viSaya meM mizrita bhASA bolanA / jaise--kabhI-kabhI zIghratA vaza sUrya nikalane ke pUrva hI kaha denA ki uTho ! sUrya nikala aayaa| (10) addhA-adhAmizraka-dina-rAta ke eka bhAga ko badA-addhA kahate haiN| 1. sthAnAMgasUtra 10.91.

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80 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana isake sambandha meM mizrabhASA bolanA jaise-zIghratAvaza dina-rAta ke prArambha meM hI kaha denA ki dina kA do pahara ho gayA yA AdhI rAta bIta gii|' 4. asatyamRSA (asaccamosA)-jo vacana na satya hotA hai aura na asatya arthAt jisameM satyatA, asatyatA ina donoM kA abhAva ho aise anubhaya rUpa padArtha ke jAnane kI zakti rUpa bhAvamana ko caturtha asatyamRSA yA sAmAnya vacana kahate haiM / asatyamRSA vacana ke nI bheda hai : (1) AmaMtraNI (sambodhana yukta bhASA)-kisI vyakti ko kArya meM lagAne se pUrva use bulAne ke lie prayukta vacana jaise-he devadatta yahA~ Ao / isameM devadatta zabda kA saMketa jisane grahaNa kiyA usako apekSA se yaha vacana satya hai, jisane saMketa grahaNa nahIM kiyA usakI apekSA asatya bhI hai| (2) AjJApanI (AjJAyukta vacana)-jaise svAdhyAya kro| kisI ko yaha AjJA dene para kriyA karane se satyatA, na karane se asatyatA hai / ataH ise ekAntataH satya aura asatya donoM nahIM kaha sakate / (3) yAcanI-jisa bhASA ke dvArA kisI se vastu kI yAcanA kI jAya / yadi dAtA ne vaha vastu de dI to satya, na dene para asatya / ataH sarvathA satya bhI nahIM, asatya bhI nhiiN| (4) pucchano-yaha kyA hai ? ityAdi rUpa praznasUcaka vacana pRcchanI bhASA hai| (5) prajJApanI-prarUpaNA karanA yA kisI ko apanA abhiprAya jina sUcanA-vAkyoM se prakaTa kiyA jaay| yaha bhASA aneka logoM ko lakSya karake kahI jAtI hai / koI manaHpUrvaka sunate haiM aura koI sunate nahIM, isakI apekSA ise asatyamRSA kahate haiM / (6) pratyAkhyAnI-paccakkhANa karanA arthAt maiM isa vastu kA tyAga karatA hU~ athavA maiM yaha kArya nahIM karUMgA-isa taraha ke tyAgapUrNa vacana pratyAkhyAnI bhASA hai| 1. cAritra prakAza, dUsarA puJja prazna 4 pR0 24-25. 2. AmaMtaNi ANavaNI jAyaNisaMpucchaNI ya paNNavaNI / paccakkhANI bhAsA chaTThI icchANulomA ya / / mUlAcAra 5 / 118. saMsayavayaNI ya tahA asaccamosA ya aTThamI bhAsA / NavamI aNakkharagayA asaccamosA havadi diTThA / -mUlAcAra savRtti 5 / 119.

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mUlaguNa : 81 (7) icchAnulomA-pUchanevAle kI icchA kA anumodana karanA arthAt isake anukUla apanI icchA yA anumodana pragaTa karanA / yathA-jaisA Apa cAhate haiM vaisA hI maiM karatA huuN| (8) saMzaya-avyakta yA saMzaya yukta vacana / jaise 'dantarahitA' zabda kahane se do-tIna mAha kI baccI kA grahaNa bhI ho sakatA hai aura vRddhA kA bhii| ataH abhiprAya kI ubhayAtmakatA ke kAraNa aisA vacana asatyamRSA hai| (9) anakSaragatA-dvIndriya Adi tathA asaMjJI paMcendriya jIvoM kI cakAra, makarAdi akSaroM se rahita bhASA anakSaragatA hai| aspaSTa AvAja, cuTakI, aMguli Adi ke saMketa bhI isI ke antargata Ate haiN| jaise jisa puruSa ne aMguli caTakAne Adi ke zabda yA saMketa grahaNa kiye, use to dhvani se pratIti hotI hai, dUsare ko nahIM hotii| isa taraha yaha vacana ubhayarUpa hai| prajJApanAsUtra meM caturtha asatyAmRSA ko vyavahAra bhASA kahA hai tathA isake bAraha bheda isa prakAra batAye haiM-AmantraNI, AjJApanI, yAcanI, pRcchanI, prajJApanI, pratyAkhyAnI, icchAnulomA, anabhigRhItA, abhigRhItA, saMzayakAriNI, vyAkRta tathA avyaakRt| inameM anibhigRhItA se tAtparya artha para dhyAna na dekara DitthaDavitthAdi zabda bolanA / abhigRhItA arthAt artha kA abhigrahaNa karake ghaTa-paTa Adi zabdoM kA uccAraNa karanA / vyAkRta se tAtparya vistAra rahita bolanA, jisameM sApha-sApha samajha meM A jAe / avyAkRta arthAt atigambhIratAyukta bolanA jise samajhanA kaThina ho jAe / isa prakAra bhASA samiti ke prasaMga meM vacana (bhASA) ke bheda-prabhedoM ke sUkSma vivecana se jJAta hotA hai ki muni ko bhASA yA vacana-prayoga meM kitanA sAvadhAna rahanA par3atA hai| 3. eSaNAsamitiH--AhAra yA bhikSA-caryA viSayaka viveka / AhAra se sambandhita udgama-doSa, utpAdana-doSa tathA AhAra grahaNa meM hone vAlA azanadoSa-inase rahita bhojana, upadhi aura zayyA (vasatikA) kI zuddhi karane vAle zramaNa ko eSaNA-samiti hotI hai / arthAt AhAra se saMbaMdhita udgama 1. mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 118,119. 2. prajJApanA, pada, 11. 3. uggama uppAdaNa esaNehiM piMDaM ca uvidhi sejjaM ca / sopaMtassa ya muNiNo parisujjhai esaNAsamidI // mUlAcAra 5 / 121.

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82 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana Adi chayAlIsa doSoM se rahita, asAtAkarma ke udaya se utpanna bubhukSA ke pratikArArtha tathA vaiyyAvRttyAdi dharmasAdhana sahita, mana, vacana, kAya evaM kRta, kArita, anumodanA Adi nau vikalpoM se rahita ThaMDe-garama Adi rUpa, rAga-dveSa rahita, samabhAva pUrvaka vizuddha AhAra grahaNa karanA, eSaNA samiti hai|' yaha bhojana saMbaMdhI vastuoM ko nirdoSa rUpa meM grahaNa karane kI vidhi hai| kyoMki zramaNa na to bala yA Ayu bar3hAne ke uddezya se AhAra karate haiM na svAda ke lie aura na zarIra upacaya yA tejavRddhi ke lie hii| ve to jJAna, saMyama aura dhyAna kI siddhi ke lie hI AhAra karate haiM / uttarAdhyayana meM eSaNA ke tIna bheda batAye haiM-1, gaveSaNA-udgama aura utpAdana doSoM ke zodhana pUrvaka AhAra kI gaveSaNA krnaa| 2. grahaNaSaNA-zaMkita Adi eSaNA ke dasa doSoM kA zodhana kara AhAra grahaNa karanA / 3. paribhogaiSaNA-isake anusAra AhAra meM saMyojanA, apramANa, aMgAra dhUma aura kAraNa-ina cAra doSoM kA zodhana karanA cAhie / udgamAdi doSayukta AhAra lenA, mana, vacana se AhAra kI svayaM sammati denA, usakI prazaMsA karanA, prazaMsA karane vAloM ke sAtha rahanA, prazaMsA meM dUsaroM ko pravRta karanA-ye eSaNA-samiti ke aticAra hai| 4. AdAna-nikSepaNa samiti : zAstra Adi rUpa jJAnopadhi, picchikA rUpa saMyamopadhi, zuddhatA hetu kamaNDalu rUpa upadhi tathA isI taraha kI anya saMstara Adi upadhi ko grahaNa karate yA rakhate samaya prayatna, aura upayoga pUrvaka apane netroM se sthAna evaM dravya ko acchI taraha dekhakara picchikA se unakA pramArjana karanA tAki sUkSma se sUkSma jIvoM kA bhI ghAta na ho-aisA socakara ukta upakaraNoM kA upayoga karanA AdAna nikSepaNa samiti hai| 1. chAdAladosasuddhaM kAraNajuttaM visuddhaNavakoDI / sIdAdIsamabhuttI parisuddhA esaNAsamidI / / mUlAcAra 1113, niyamasAra 63. 2. mUlAcAra 6162. 3. uttarAdhyayana 24 / 11 / 12. 4. bhagavatI ArAdhanA vijayodayA TIkA 16 / 62 / 7. 5. NANuvahi saMjamuvahiM saucuvahiM aNNamappa uvahiM vA / payadaM gahaNikkhevo samidI AdANaNikkhevA // mUlAcAra savRtti 1114. .....- AdANe Nikkheve paDilehiya cakkhuNA pamajjejja / . davvaM ca davaThANaM saMjamaladdhIya so bhikkhU // vahI 5 / 122.

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mUlaguNa : 83 sAmAnyataH vastuoM ko uThAne-rakhane meM cAra doSoM kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai|-(1) sahasA doSa,-binA dekhe sahasA koI pustaka Adi uThAnA-rakhanA, (2) anAbhogita doSa-asthira cittavRtti se binA dekhe vastuyeM uThAnA-rakhanA, (3) duSpramArjita doSa-pustakAdi ko picchikA se asAvadhAnI pUrvaka pramArjana karanA, (4) apratyavekSaNa-vastuoM ko binA dekhe rakhakara yA grahaNa karake kucha kAla bAda pramArjanArtha dekhanA |-in cAroM doSoM ke parihArapUrvaka vastuoM ko grahaNa yA nikSepaNa karanA caahie| tabhI isa samiti kA paripUrNa pAlana kiyA jA sakatA hai / ina cAra doSoM ko isa samiti ke aticAra bhI mAna sakate haiN| 5. uccAraprasravaNa (pratiSThApanikA) samiti- isakA artha hai mala-mUtra Adi ke visarjana meM nirjantuka tathA nirjana sthAna kA dhyAna rakhanA / zramaNa ke nirdoSa evaM vivekapUrNa jIvana meM samasta vizuddha caryAoM kA hI vidhAna hai| isa samiti kA vidhAna bhI mala-mUtrAdi ko yatra-tatra tyAga kA niSedha, lokApavAda se rakSA tathA ahiMsAdi mahAvratoM kI rakSArtha kiyA gayA hai / zramaNa ko malamUtra kA visarjana aise sthAna para karanA cAhie jahA~ ekAnta ho, harita vanaspati tathA trasa jIvoM se rahita, aura gA~va Adi se dUra ho / jahA~ koI dekha na sake, koI virodha na kare, aise vistIrNa kSetra meM mala-mUtrAdi kA tyAga karanA paMcama pratiSThApanikA yA utsarga samiti hai| mala-mUtrAdi tyAga ke yogya kucha sthAnoM kA mUlAcArakAra ne ullekha bhI kiyA hai, jaise-vanadAhakRta, kRSikRta, maSikRta, sthaMDila bhUmi (zaucayogya registAnI yA USarabhUmi) tathA anuparodhya (logoM ke dvArA varjita na ho), vistRta, nirjantuka evaM vivikta pradeza (sthala) vizeSa / aisI hI acitta bhUmi ko picchikA dvArA pramArjana karake mala-mUtrAdi kA tyAga karanA cAhie tAki jIva hiMsA kI sambhAvanA na ho / yadi rAtri meM zaucAdika tyAga kI AvazyakatA mahasUsa ho to AcArya 1. sahasANAbhoiyaduppamajjida appaccavekkhaNA dosaa| pariharabhANassa have samiti AdANaNikkhevA // mUlAcAra 5 / 123. 2. egate accite dUre gUr3he visAlamavirohe / / uccArAdiccAo, padiThAvaNiyA have samidI / / mUlAcAra 1 / 15. 3. vaNadAhakisimasikade thaMDilleNuppodha vitthiNNe / avagadajaMtu vivitte uccArAdI visajjejjo // uccAraM passavaNaM khelaM siMghANayAdiyaM dadhvaM / accitabhUmidese / paDilehittA visajjejjo // mUlAcAra 5 / 124-125.

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84: mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana dvArA niyata nirjantuka-bhUmi pradeza ko picchI dvArA pramArjita karake prayoga karanA caahie| vahA~ jIvoM ke hone kI AzaMkA ho to prajJAvAn zramaNa ko viparIta karatala se mRdutApUrvaka sparza karake usa sthAna ko dekha lenA cAhie tAki jIvoM kI hiMsA na ho| aisA jAnakara hI usa sthAna kA prayoga karanA caahie|' yadi usa prathama sthAna para jIva hoM arthAt vaha sthAna azuddha ho to AcArya dvitIya sthAna para zaucAdi karane kI anumati dete haiN| dvitIya sthAna ke parIkSaNa se bhI vaha azuddha ho to tRtIya sthAna kI anumati dete haiN| phira bhI yadi zIghratAvaza anicchA se azuddha sthAna para zaucAdi kA tyAga ho jAya to AcArya dvArA usa zramaNa ko guru-prAyazcita nahIM denA cAhie / isa prakAra nirjantuka (zuddha) bhUmi-pradeza (sthaMDila) meM mala-mUtrAdi kA tyAga karanA pratiSThApanikA samiti hai| upayukta samitiyA~ cAritra kI pravRtti ke lie pratipAdita haiN| ina pAMca samitiyoM meM manogupti, vacanagupti aura kAyagupti-ye tIna guptiyA~ milakara 'aSTa-pravacanamAtA' nAma se pratipAdita haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM jahA~ samitiyoM ke upayukta pA~ca bhedoM kA varNana hai| vahIM ina aSTapravacanamAtA ko hI samitiyoM ke ATha bheda bhI kahA hai| jinameM jinendra kathita dvAdazAMga rUpa samagra pravacana antarbhUta mAnA hai / " vastutaH mahAvratamUlaka sampUrNa zramaNAcAra kA vyavahAra upayukta pAMca samitiyoM ke dvArA saMcAlita hotA hai| inake AdhAra para mahAvratoM kA nirvighna rUpa se pAlana kiyA jAtA hai| ye samitiyA~ mahAvratoM tathA sampUrNa AcAra kI paripoSaka praNAliyA~ haiM / mahAvratoM kI rakSArtha gamanAgamana, bhASaNa, bhikSAdi grahaNa, vastuoM ke AdAna-pradAna tathA malamUtrAdi visarjana-ina pAMca kriyAoM meM pramAda rahita samyak-pravRtti ko samiti kahA gayA hai / 1. rAdo du pamajjittA paNNasamaNapekkhidammi ogAse / AsaMkavisuddhIe apahatthagaphAsaNaM kujjA / / mUlAcAra 5 / 126. 2. jadi taM have asuddha bidiyaM aNuNNae saahuu| lahue aNicchayAre Na dejja sAdhammie gurUe / vahI 5 / 127. 3. vaho, 5 / 128. 4. eyAo paMca samiIo........uttarAdhyayana 24 / 19,26. 5. eyAo aTTha samiIo samAseNa viyaahiyaa| - duvAlasaMgaM jiNakkhAyaM mAyaM jattha u pavayaNaM / uttarAdhyayana 24 / 3. .

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mUlaguNa : 85 indriya nirodha : ___indra zabda AtmA kA paryAyavAcI hai| AtmA ke cihna arthAt AtmA ke sadbhAva kI siddhi meM kAraNabhUta athavA jo jIva ke artha (padArtha)jJAna meM nimitta bane use indriya kahate haiN|' pratyakSa meM jo apane-apane viSaya kA svataMtra Adhipatya karatI haiM unheM bhI indriya kahate haiM / / dravyendriya aura bhAvendriya-ye indriya ke do bheda haiM / dravyendriya ke-sparza, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu aura zrotra--ye pA~ca bheda haiN|4 mUlAcArakAra ne inake AkAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jaise-jihvendriya kA AkAra ardhacandra athavA khurapA ke samAna, ghrANendriya kA atimuktaka-(tila) puSpa ke samAna, cakSu-indriya masUra ke sadRza, zrotrendriya kA AkAra java kI nalI ke samAna tathA sparzanendriya ke aneka AkAra haiN|5 __uparyukta pA~coM indriyA~ nAmoM ke anusAra apane-apane viSayoM meM pravRtti karatI haiM / sparzanendriya sparza dvArA padArtha ko jAnatI hai / isI taraha rasanendriya kA viSaya svAda, ghrANa kA viSaya gandha, cakSu kA viSaya dekhanA tathA zrotra kA viSaya sunanA hai / indriyoM ke ina pA~ca viSayoM ko do bhogoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai-(1) kAma rUpa viSaya, (2) bhoga rUpa viSaya / rasa aura sparza viSaya kAmarUpa haiM / gandha, rUpa aura zabda viSaya bhogarUpa haiN| ye pAMcoM hI indriyA~ mUrtika padArthoM ko viSaya karatI haiN|' 1. sarvArthasiddhi 1114. 2. pratyakSaniratAnIndriyANi....indranAdadhipatyAdindriyANiH-dhavalA 1111114. 3. mUlAcAra vRtti 1 / 16, sarvArthasiddhi 2116. 4. cakkhU sodaM ghANaM jibbhA phAsaM ca iMdiyA paMca / sagasagavisaehitoNirohiyavvA sayA muNiNA / / mUlAcAra 1116. 5. javaNAliyA masUriya atimuttayacaMdae khurappe ya / iMdiya saMThANA khalu phAsasya aNeyasaMThANaM / / mUlAcAra 12150, -dhavalA 1 / 1 / 1 / 33, gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 171. 6. mUlAcAra 5 / 102, tattvArtha sUtra 2 / 20. 7. kAmA duve taU bhoga iMdiyatthA vihiM pnnnnttaa| kAmo raso ya phAso sesA bhogeti AhIyA / / mUlAcAra 12 / 97. 8. paMcAdhyAyI pUrvArdha 715.

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86 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana __indriya nirodha yA nigraha :-svacchanda pravRtti kA avarodha nigraha yA nirodha hai| ye indriyAM apanI viSaya pravRtti dvArA AtmA ko rAga-dvaSa yukta karatI haiM / inako apane-apane viSayoM kI pravRtti se rokanA indriya nigraha hai| jaise unmArgagAmI duSTa ghor3oM kA lagAma ke dvArA nigraha kiyA jAtA hai vaise hI tatvajJAna kI bhAvanA (tapa, jJAna aura vinaya) ke dvArA indriya rUpI azvoM kA viSayarUpI unmArga se nigraha kiyA jAtA hai / mUlAcArakAra ne kahA hai-indriyarUpI ye ghor3e svabhAvataH rAga-dveSa se prerita hokara (dharmadhyAna rUpa) ratha ko unmArga kI ora le jAte haiM, ataH mana rUpI lagAma se use dRr3ha karanA caahie| kyoMki rAga, dveSa aura moha ko dhIra puruSoM ne vRtti (ratnatraya kI dRr3ha bhAvanA) ke dvArA samyakapa se jItA tathA paMcendriyoM ko vrata aura upavAsoM ke prahAroM se vaza meM kiyA hai| indriyoM ko vaza meM karanevAle ve maharSi rAga aura dveSa kA kSaya karake nirmala dhyAnarUpa zuddhopayoga meM yukta hote haiM aura moha kA vinAza karake sampUrNa karmoM kA nAza karate haiN| __ manusmRti meM bhI kahA hai-"vidvAn ko cAhie ki AkarSaNa karane vAle viSayoM meM vicaraNa karane vAlI indriyoM ko saMyata rakhane kA yatna kare, jisa prakAra sArathI ghor3oM ko saMyata karane meM yatna karatA hai / __ jo zramaNa jala se bhinna kamala ke sadRza indriya-viSayoM kI pravRtti meM lipta nahIM hotA vaha saMsAra ke duHkhoM se mukta ho jAtA hai / 1. cakSu indriya nirodhaH-cetana-acetana padArthoM ke vyavahAra, saMsthAna (AkRti) aura varNa meM rAga-dvaSa tathA abhilASA kA abhAva cakSurindriya nirodha hai| cakSu rUpa kA grahaNa karatA hai / vaha rUpa yadi sundara hai to rAga kA hetu hai 1. svecchA pravRttiH nirvartanaM nigrahaH-sarvArthasiddhi 9 / 4. 2. sagasagavisaehito NirohiyavvA sapA muNiNo / mUlAcAra 1116. 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1837. 4. mUlAcAra, 9 / 113-115. 5. indriyANAM vicaratAM viSayeSvapahAriSu / saMyame yatnamAtiSThed vidvAn yanteva vAjinAm // manusmRti 2188. 6. uttarAdhyayana 32 / 99. 7. saccittAcittANaM kiriyAsaMThANavaNNabheesu / rAgAdisaMgaharaNaM cakkhuNiroho have muNiNo / mUlAcAra 1 / 17.

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mUlaguNa : 87 aura asundara hai to dveSa kA hetu / jo usa rUpa meM rAga aura dva eSa nahIM karake samabhAva rakhatA hai vahI vItarAga hai / " 4 2. zrotra ndriya nirodhaH -- jisake dvArA sunA jAtA hai vaha zrotra indriya hai / SaDja, RSabha, gAMdhAra, madhyama, paMcama, dhaivata aura niSAda- ina sapta svaroM 3 tathA vINA Adi ke cetana-acetana, priya-apriya zabda sunane se hRdaya meM utpanna rAga-dveSAdi kA mana, vacana aura kAya se nirodha karanA zrotrendriya nirodha hai / bhagavatI sUtra meM bhI kahA hai-- zrotra indriya ko viSayoM kI ora daur3ane se rokanA, tathA zrotragata viSayoM meM rAga-dva eSa na karanA zrotrendriya nigraha hai / " jo zrotrendriya kA nigraha nahIM karate ve zabdoM ke viSaya meM mUcchita hokara apane prANoM ko bhI saMkaTa meM DAla dete haiM / jaise mRga zabdoM meM gRddha hokara atRpti ke sAtha mRtyu ke mukha meM calA jAtA / 6 3. ghrANendriya nirodha : jisake dvArA gandha kA jJAna ho vaha ghrANendriya hai | padArtha svabhAvataH manojJa yA amanojJa gandhayukta hote haiM tathA kucha padArthoM meM anya padArthoM ke saMyoga se gandha utpanna hotI hai / ataH sugandha meM rAga aura durgandha meM dveSa tathA inameM sukha-dukha kA anubhava na karanA ghrANendriya nirodha hai / 7 4. rasanendriya nirodha - jisake dvArA svAdAnubhava kiyA jAya vaha rasanendriya hai / azana, pAna, khAdya aura svAdya - rUpa cAra prakAra ke AhAra tathA tikta kaTu, kaSAyalA, amla aura madhura ye pAMca rasa - inako sammUrcchanAdi jIva rahita prAka AhAra diye jAne para unameM gRddhi na karanA rasanendriya nigraha hai / " 1. uttarAdhyayana 32122. 2. zrUyate'neneti zrotam - sarvArthasiddhi 2 / 19. 3. mUlAcAravRtti 1 / 18, nAradazikSA 11214, nATyazAstra 6 / 27, 4. saDgAdi jIvasadde vINAdiajIvasaMbhave sadde / rAgAdINa NimittaM tadakaraNaM sodarodho du / / mUlAcAra 1 / 18. 6. uttarAdhyayana 32 37. - piMgalasUtra 3 / 64. 5. bhagavatI sUtra 257. 7. payaDI vAsaNagaMdhe jIvAjIvAppage suhe asuhe / rAgadde sAkaraNaM ghANaNiroho muNivarassa / / mUlAcAra 1 / 19. 8. asaNAdicaduviyappe paMcarase phAsugamhi Niravajje / iTThANiTThAhAre datte jinbhAjao giddhI | mUlAcAra 1 / 20. Jain Education Internationa

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88 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 5. sparzanendriya nirodha : cetana-acetana padArthoM se utpanna kaThora, mRdu, snigdha, rUkSa, halake, bhArI, zItala, uSNa-ityAdi ke sukha-duHkha rUpa sparza kA nirodha karanA sparzanendriya nigraha hai|' sparza kI Asakti meM ulajhA jIva vividha carAcara-trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA karatA hai ataH sparza se virakta manuSya saMsAra meM rahatA huA bhI jalAzaya meM kamala ke patte ke sadRza lipta nahIM hotaa| isa taraha jaise kachuvA saMkaTa kI sthiti meM apane aMgoM kA samAharaNa kara letA hai, vaise hI zramaNa ko bhI saMyama dvArA indriya viSayoM kI pravRtti kA saMyamana kara lenA cAhie / vastutaH indriya nirodha kA yaha artha nahIM hai ki indriyoM ko apane-apane viSayoM kI grahaNa-zakti samApta kara deM yA roka deM apitu mana meM indriya viSayoM ke prati utpanna rAga-dvaSa yukta bhAva kA niyamana karanA indriya nirodha hai| arthAt indriyoM ke zabdAdi jitane viSaya haiM sabhI meM anAsakta rahanA athavA mana meM una viSayoM ke prati manojJatA-amanojJatA utpanna na karanA / mUlAcArakAra ne indriyoM kI nindA karate hue kahA hai-una indriyoM ko dhikkAra ho jinake vaza hokara jIva pApoM kA saMgraha karatA hai aura caturgatiyoM meM unakA phala bhogatA huA ananta dukhoM ko prApta karatA hai| yaha nindA ina indriyoM kI svachanda pravRtti ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai| vastutaH viSayoM ke prati anAsakti aura taTasthatA hI indriya nirodha hai / jinakI indriyoM kI pravRtti sAMsArika kSaNika viSayoM kI ora hai, vaha Atmatatva rUpa amRta kabhI prApta nahIM kara sktaa| jo sArI indriyoM kI zakti ko Atmatattva rUpa amRta ke darzana meM lagA detA hai vaha sacce arthoM meM amRtamaya tathA indriyajayI bana jAtA hai / AvazyakaH nitya ke avazyakaraNIya kriyAnuSThAna rUpa kartavyoM ko Avassaya yA Avazyaka kahate haiM / sAmAnyataH 'avaza' kA artha akAma, anicchu, svAdhIna, svatantra, 1. jIvAjIvasamutthe kakkasamaugAdiaTThabhedajude / phAse suhe ya asuhe phAsaNiroho asaMmoho / / mUlAcAra 1121. 2. uttarAdhyayana 3279,86. 3. sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 8 / 1 / 16, saMyukta nikAya 1 / 2 / 7. 4. dhittosimidiyANaM jesi vasado du pAvamajjaNiya / pAvadi pAvavivAgaM dukkhamaNaMtaM bhavagadisu // mUlAcAra 8 / 43. 5. pAiasaddamahaNNavo pRSTha 83.

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mUlaguNa : 89 rAga-dveSAdi se rahita tathA indriyoM kI AdhInatA se rahita hotA hai / tathA ina guNoM se yukta arthAt jitendriya vyakti kI avazyakaraNIya kriyAoM ko Avazyaka kahate haiM | mUlAcArakAra ne kahA hai--jo rAga-dveSAdi ke vaza nahIM hotA vaha avaza hai tathA usa (avaza ) kA AcaraNa yA karttavya Avazyaka kahalAtA hai / " jise zramaNAdika ko donoM samaya avazya karanA cAhie / " kundakundAcArya ke anusAra jo anya ke vaza nahIM hai vaha avaza, usa avaza kA kArya Avazyaka hai / jo karmoM kA vinAzaka, yoga evaM nirvANa kA mArga hai / 3 ve kriyAyeM Avazyaka haiM jo AtmA meM ratnatraya kA AvAsa karAtI haiM* athavA jisa kriyA yA vidhi ko zramaNa aura zrAvaka aharniza avazyakaraNIya samajhate haiM, vaha Avazyaka hai / " vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kahA hai- avazya karane yogya vaha kriyA jo AtmA ko durguNoM se haTAkara sadguNoM ke adhIna kare tathA AtmA ko jJAna, darzana tathA cAritrAdi guNoM se AvAsita, anuraMjita athavA AcchAdita kare vaha Avazyaka hai / isI grantha meM Avazyaka ke ina dasa nAmoM kA ullekha hai - Avazyaka, avazyakaraNIya, dhruva, nigraha, vizuddhi, SaDadhyayana, varga, nyAya, ArAdhanA aura mArga / 7 bheda : jainAcAra meM zramaNa aura zrAvaka donoM ke lie hI avazyakaraNIya chaha kriyAyeM batalAyI haiN| mUlAcAra tathA AcAra viSayaka anyAnya sabhI jaina granthoM meM 1. Na vaso avaso avasassa kammamAvAsagaM tti bodhavvA - mUlAcAra 7114. 2. avazyaM karttavyaM AvazyakaM, zramaNAdibhiravazyaM ubhayakAlaM kriyate / malayagirikRta Avazyaka TIkA pR0 86. 3. jo Na havadi aNNavaso tassa du kammaM bhaNati AvAsaM / kammaviNAsaNajogo Nivvudimaggo tti Nijjutto || niyamasAra 141. 4. AvAsayanti ratnatrayamapi iti AvazyakAH - bhagavatI ArAdhanA vi0TI0 116. 5. samaNeNa sAvaeNa yA avassakAyavvayaM havati jamhA / aMta aho -nisissa u tamhA AvassayaM nAma || anuyogadvAra sUtra 29, gAthA 3, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 876. 6. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 870 TIkA sahita / 7. AvassayaM avassaM karaNijjaM dhuvaniggaho visohI ya / ajjhayaNa chakkavaggo nAo ArAhaNA maggo || vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 872. 8. mUlAcAra 7133 - 35, amitagati zrAvakAcAra 8 / 29.

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90 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana Avazyaka ke chaH bheda isa prakAra batAye haiM-(1) samatA (sAmAyika), (2) stava (caturviMzatistava), (3) vaMdanA, (4) pratikramaNa, (5) pratyAkhyAna aura (6) vyutsarga (kAyotsarga)-ye zramaNa ke chaha ahorAtrika avazyakaraNIya Avazyaka hai|' zvetAmbara paramparA meM Avazyaka ke ina chaha bhedoM kA krama prAyaH isa prakAra milatA hai2-1. sAmAyika, 2. caturviMzatistava, 3. vaMdana, 4. pratikramaNa, 5. kAyotsarga tathA 6. pratyAkhyAna / 1. samatA (sAmAyika) prathama Avazyaka ko mUlAcArakAra ne samatA (samadA) aura sAmAyika (sAmAiya) ina donoM nAmoM se ullikhita kiyA hai / jIvana-maraNa, lAbha-hAni, saMyogaviyoga, mitra-zatru, sukha-duHkha Adi meM rAga-dveSa na karake samabhAva rakhanA samatA hai / isa prakAra ke bhAva ko sAmAyika kahate haiM / aparAjitasUri ne kahA hai-jisakA mana sama hai vaha samaNa tathA samaNa kA bhAva 'sAmaNNa' (zrAmaNya) hai / kisI bhI vastu meM rAga-dveSa kA abhAva rUpa samatA 'sAmaNNa' zabda se kahI jAtI hai / athavA sAmaNNa ko samatA kahate haiM / vahI sAmAyika hai| vastutaH sAvadyayoga se nivRtti ko sAmAyika kahate haiN| sAmAyika kI vyutpattimUlaka vyAkhyA karate hue kezavavarNI ne likhA hai 'sama' arthAt ekatvarUpa se AtmA meM 'Aya' arthAt Agamana ko samAya kahate haiM / isa dRSTi se paradravyoM se nivRtta hokara AtmA meM pravRtti kA nAma samAya hai / athavA 'saM' arthAt sama-rAga-dvaSa se 1. ka-samadA thao ya vaMdaNa pADikkamaNaM taheva NAdavvaM / paccakkhANa visaggo karaNIyAvAsayA chappi // mUlAcAra 1122. kha-sAmAiya cauvIsatthava vaMdaNayaM paDikkamaNaM / paccakkhANaM ca tahA kAussaggo havadi chaTTho // vahI 7.15. 2. dekhie-uttarAdhyayanasUtra kA 29vAM adhyayana tathA AvazyakasUtra Adi grantha / 3. mUlAcAra 1 / 22, 7 / 15. 4. (ka) jIvidamaraNe lAbhAlAbhe saMjoyavippaoge ya / baMdhurisuhadukkhAdisu samadA sAmAiyaM NAma / / mUlAcAra 1123. (kha) 'samadA' samabhAvaH jIvitamaraNalAbhAlAbhasaMyogaviprayogasukhaduHkhAdiSu rAgadvaSayorakaraNaM-bhagavatI ArAdhanA vi0 TIkA gAthA 70 5. samaMNo samAnamaNo samaNassa bhAvo sAmaNaM kvacidapyananugatarAgadvaSatA samatA sAmaNNazabdenocyate / athavA sAmaNNaM samatA / vahI gAthA 71.

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mUlaguNa : 91 avAdhita madhyastha AtmA meM 'Aya' upayoga kI pravRtti samAya hai| vaha prayojana jisakA hai vaha sAmAyika hai| isI prakAra anagAradharmAmRta meM bhI kahA haisamAye bhavaH sAmAyikam-arthAt sama-rAgadveSa-janita iSTa-aniSTa kI kalpanA se rahita jo 'Aya' arthAt jJAna hai vaha samAya hai usa samAya meM honevAlA bhAva sAmAyika hai / ye sAmAyika zabda ke niruktArtha haiM tathA samatA meM pariNata honA vAcyArtha hai / mUlAcArakAra ke anusAra samyaktva, jJAna, saMyama aura tapa-~-inake dvArA prazasta rUpa se AtmA ke sAtha samagamana arthAt aikya kA nAma samaya hai / isI samaya ko sAmAyika kahate haiM / arthAt ina kriyAoM se pariNata AtmA hI sAmAyika hai| - isa prakAra jaba sAdhaka sAvadyayoga se virata hokara SaTkAya ke jIvoM ke prati saMyata hotA hai, mana-vacana-kAya ko ekAgra karatA hai, sva-svarUpa meM upayukta hai, yatanA meM vicaraNa karatA hai usa AtmA kA nAma sAmAyika hai| uttarAdhyayana ke eka praznottara meM kahA hai-jIva ko sAmAyika se kyA prApta hotA hai ? isake uttara meM kahA hai-sAmAyika se jIva sAvadha yogoM (asat pravRttiyoM) se virati ko prApta hotA hai / mUlAcArakAra ne sAmAyika ke svarUpa kI sArvabhaumikatA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue isakI vyAkhyAyeM isa prakAra prastuta kI hai (1)-jo sva tathA anya AtmAoM meM sama hai, sampUrNa striyoM meM jisakI mAtRvat dRSTi hai, priya-apriya mAna Adi meM bhI sama hai usa zramaNa ko sAmAyika avasthA prApta hotI hai / (2) upasarga aura parISaha ko jItane vAlA, samiti aura paccIsa bhAvanAoM meM upayukta, niyama ke pAlana meM udyatabuddhi vAlA jIva (AtmA) sAmAyika meM pariNata hotA hai|" 1. tatra samaM ekatvena Atmani AyaH AgamanaM paradravyebhyo nivRtya upayogasya Atmani pravRttiH samAyaH / athavA saM same rAgadveSAbhyAmanupahate madhyasthe Atmani AyaH upayogasya pravRttiH samAyaH sa prayojanamasyeti sAmAyikam -gommaTasAra jIvakANDa jIvatattvapradIpikA TIkA gAthA 368. 2. anagAradharmAmRta ttiikaa-18|19. 3. sammattaNANasaMjamatavehiM jaM taM prasatthasamagamaNaM / samayaMtu taM tu bhaNidaM tameya sAmAiyaM jANaM // mUlAcAra 7 / 18. 4. Avazyaka niyukti 149. 5. uttarAdhyayana 29 / 8. 6. mUlAcAra 7 / 20, 26. 7. vahI 7 / 19. .

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92: mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana arthAt jisakI AtmA saMyama, niyama, tathA tapa meM sannihita hai vahI AtmA sAmAyika meM sthita rahatA hai| (3) krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha-ina cAra kaSAyoM ko jo jIta letA hai vaha sAmAyika meM sthita hotA hai / (4) rasanA aura sparzaina do karmendriyoM ke viSaya, kramazaH kaTu, tikta Adi pA~ca rasoM aura mRdu, kaThora Adi ATha sparzoM tathA netra, ghrANa evaM karNa-ina bhogendriyoM ke viSaya kramazaH rUpa, gandha aura zabda ina sabakA sarvathA tyAga karanA sAmAyika hai / (5) AhArAdi cAra saMjJAyeM tathA kRSNa, nIla, kApota, pIta aura padma--ye pA~ca lezyAyeM jisameM vikAra utpanna nahIM karatIM use sAmAyika hotA hai| (6) jo Arta aura raudra dhyAna se virata tathA dharma evaM zukla dhyAna meM lIna rahatA hai vaha sadA sAmAyika meM sthita hotA hai / (7) sarva sAvadhoM (pApoM) se rahita mana-vacana aura kAya rUpa tIna guptiyoM kA pAlana tathA paMcendriya viSayoM ko jItane vAlA jIva sAmAyika saMyama yA ina donoM kA abheda rUpa uttama-sthAna prApta karatA hai| rAga-dveSa kA nirodha karake sarva kAryoM meM samatA bhAva rakhane vAlA, dvAdazAMga evaM caturdaza pUrva rUpa sUtroM meM zraddhAyukta AtmA ko uttama sAmAyika hotA hai / kyoMki sAdRzya athavA svarUpa se dravya, guNa aura paryAya-- inakI sattA tathA inheM svataHsiddha jAnanA uttama sAmAyika hai / AtmotkarSa jaise uttama uddezya kI prApti hetu samabhAva kI atyanta AvazyakatA hotI hai| kyoMki samabhAva kA abhyAsa kiye binA dhyAna nahIM hotA, dhyAna ke binA nizcala samatva kI prApti nahIM hotI, ataH samabhAva aura dhyAna kA anyonyAzraya sambandha hai| donoM eka dUsare ke pUraka bhI haiM aura ghaTaka bhii| jisa prakAra candana apane kATanevAle kulhAr3e ko bhI sugandhita kara detA haiM, usI taraha virodhI ke prati bhI samabhAva kI sugandha arpita karane vAle mahAtmAoM ko to sAmAyika mokSa kA sarvotkRSTa aMga hai / deg kahA hai trasa va 1. mUlAcAra 7 / 24. tathA Avazyaka niyukti gAthA 798. 2. mUlAcAra 7 / 27. 3. vahI 7 / 29, 30. 4. vahI 7 / 28. 5. vahI 7 / 31-32. 6. vahI 7 / 23. 7. vahI 7 / 22. 8. jo jANai samavAyaM davvANaM guNANa pajjayANaM ca / sabbhAvaM taM siddhaM sAmAiyamuttamaM jANe // mUlAcAra 7 / 21. 9. na sAmyena binA dhyAnaM na dhyAnena binA ca tat / niSkampa jAyate tasmAd dvayamanyonyakAraNam / / -yogazAstra (A0 hemacandra kRta) 4.114. 10. aSTaka prakaraNa (A0 haribhadra) 29 / 1.

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mUla guNa : 93 rAga aura dveSa jisake mAyA aura lobha - ina usake sthAyI sAmAyika zAsana meM kahA gayA hai / isIlie uddezya se bhagavAn ne sAmAyika sthAvara Adi sabhI prANiyoM meM jo mana meM vikAra utpanna nahIM karate, jisane cAra kaSAyoM Adi ko sampUrNa rUpa meM jIta hotA hai / aisA kevalI jinendra bhagavAn ke sAvadyayoga (asatpravRtti) kA varjana karane ke ko prazasta upAya batAyA hai / 3 samabhAva yukta haiM / " krodha, mAna, liyA hai sAmAyika ke bheda - AgamoM meM kisI bhI viSaya yA vastu ke vivecana kA nikSepa "pUrvaka kathana karane kA vidhAna hai / isase aprakRta kA nirAkaraNa ho kara prakRta kA nirUpaNa hotA hai / isa dRSTi se nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla, aura bhAva ye nikSepa dRSTi se sAmAyika ke chaH bheda haiM / kyoMki sAmAyika ke viSaya meM ina chaha kA Alambana kiyA jAtA hai / jayadhavalA meM dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva - ina cAra bhedoM kA ullekha hai / " bhagavatI ArAdhanA vijayodayA TIkA meM nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva - ina cAra bhedoM kA ullekha hai / isI TIkA meM mana vacana aura kAya - ina tIna yogoM kI dRSTi se sAmAyika ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM / 1. mana se sarva sAvadya yogoM kA tyAga karanA manaH sAmAyika hai / 2. sarva sAvadyayogoM kA maiM tyAga karatA hU~ -- isa prakAra ke vacanoM kA uccAraNa karanA vacana sAmAyika hai / 3. zarIra se sarva sAvadya kriyAoM kA tyAga karanA kAyakRta sAmAyika hai / 19 - sAmAyika ke pUrvokta chaha bhedoM kA svarUpa isa prakAra hai (1) nAma sAmAyika zubha, azubha nAma sunakara rAga-dveSa na karanA nAma sAmAyika hai / " sAmAyika meM sthita zramaNa ko cintana karanA cAhie ki koI 1. jo samo savvabhUdesu tasesu thAvaresu ya / tassa sAmAyiyaM ThAdi idi kevalisAsaNe / mUlAcAra 725. 2. vahI 7 / 26, 27. 3. sAvajjajogaparivajjaNaTTha sAmAiyaM kevalihi pasatthaM -- mUlAcAra 7 / 33. 4. NAmaTTavaNA davve khette kAle taheva bhAva ya / sAmAiyahi eso Nikkheo chavvio o / / vahI 7 / 17. 5. kasAyapAhuDa, jayaghavalA 1 / 1 / 1 0 81. 6. bhagavatI ArAdhanA vijayodayA TokA gA0 116, pR0 274. 7. vahI, gAthA 509 10 728. 8. mUlAcAra vRtti 7 / 17.

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94 * mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana mere viSaya meM zubhAzubha zabdoM kA prayoga karatA hai to usameM rati-arati karane kA prazna hI nahIM hai, kyoMki zabda merA svarUpa nahIM hai / ' (2) sthApanA sAmAyika - zubha-azubha AkArayukta pramANa - apramANa yukta avayavoM se pUrNa - apUrNa, tadAkAra - atadAkAra sthApita mUrtiyoM meM rAga-dva eSa na karanA sthApanA sAmAyika hai / 2 (3) dravya sAmAyika - sonA, cAMdI, motI, mANika, miTTI, lakar3I, lohA, kAMTe, patthara tathA anyAnya sacitta aura acitta dravyoM ke prati samadRSTi honA arthAt rAga-dva eSa na karanA dravya sAmAyika hai / AcArya vasunandi ne dravya sAmAyika ke nimnalikhita bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / 4 prathamataH dravya sAmAyika ke do bheda haiM- 1. Agama dravya sAmAyika - jaise koI vyakti sAmAyika kA svarUpa kahane vAle zAstra kA jAnane vAlA ho kiMtu vaha vartamAna kAla meM usa zAstra meM upayoga nahIM rakha rahA ho vaha Agamadravya sAmAyika hai / 2. noAgama dravyasAmAyika - isake tIna bheda haiM jJAyakazarIra, bhAvI aura tad vyatirikta / inameM sAmAyika ke svarUpa ko jAnane vAle ke zarIra ko jJAyakazarIra kahate haiM / isake bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna ye tIna bheda haiM / inameM prathama bhUtajJAyaka zarIra cyuta, cyAvita aura tyakta rUpa meM tIna prakAra kA hai| arthAt 1--cyuta bhUtajJAyaka zarIra se tAtparya jo sAmAyikazAstra ke jJAtA kA bhUta zarIra dUsare kisI kAraNa ke binA kevala Ayu ke pUrNa hone para naSTa huA ho / jaise pake hue phala kA giranA / 2 -cyAvita - jisa jJAyaka kA bhUta zarIra kadalIghAta kI taraha kisI bAhya nimitta se naSTa ho gayA ho kintu sanyAsa vidhi se rahita ho use cyAvita kahate haiM / 3. tyakta zarIra se tAtparya jisa zarIra ko kadalIcAta sahita athavA kadalIghAta ke binA sanyAsarUpa pariNAmoM se chor3a diyA ho / tyakta zarIra ke bhI bhakta pratyAkhyAna, iMginI, aura prAyogya ( prAyopagamana ) ye tIna bheda haiM / 1. bhakta pratyAkhyAna kA artha hai maraNa pUrvaka zarIra kA chor3A jAnA / samaya bAraha varSa, jaghanya antarmuhUrta tathA pratyAkhyAna kA samaya hai / 2. iMginImaraNa kA artha hai kare kisI dUsare se rogAdika kA dhAraNa karake maraNa ko prApta ho / 1. anagAra dharmAmRta 8 21. bhojana na lene kI pratijJA lekara sanyAsa - isameM bhI uttama bhaktapratyAkhyAna kA donoM ke madhya kA kAla madhyama-bhakta apane zarIra kI Tahala Apa hI apane aMgoM se upacAra na karAve -- isa vidhAna se jo sanyAsa 2. 4. mUlAcAra vRtti 7 / 17.

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mUlaguNa : 95 3. prAyopagamana maraNa-jisameM apane tathA dUsaroM ke dvArA bhI upacAra na ho arthAt apanI Tahala na to Apa kare na dUsaroM se karAve, aise sanyAsamaraNa ko prAyopagamanamaraNa kahate haiM / / ___ jJAyaka zarIra ke dvitIya bheda bhaviSyatajJAyaka zarIra kA artha hai sAmAyika zAstra kA jJAtA jisa zarIra ko AgAmI kAla meM dhAraNa karegA tathA vartamAna jJAyaka zarIra se tAtparya jisa zarIra ko vaha dhAraNa kiye hue ho / noAgama dravyasAmAyika ke hI antargata jo sAmAyika zAstra kA jAnane vAlA Age hogA vaha dvitIya bheda bhAvI noAgama dravyasAmAyika hai| tathA noAgama dravyasAmAyika kA tRtIya bheda 'tavyatirikta' ke bhI do bheda haiM--karma aura nokarma / inameM jJAnAvaraNAdi mUlaprakRti rUpa athavA matijJAnAvaraNAdi uttaraprakRti svarUpa pariNa matA huA kArmANa vargaNA rUpa pudgaladravya karmatadvyatireka noAgama dravyasAmAyika hai| tathA karma-svarUpa dravya se bhinna jo pudgala dravya (zarIrAdi) hai, vaha nokarma tadvyatirikta noAgama dravyasAmAyika hai / isake bhI tIna bheda haiM 1. sacitta (upAdhyAyAdi), 2. acitta (pustakAdi) aura 3. mizra-(ubhayarUpa) / / . dravya sAmAyika ke uparyukta bheda-prabhedoM ko nimnalikhita cArTa dvArA samajhA jA sakatA hai dravya sAmAyika Agama dravyasAmAyika noAgama dravyasAmAyika ___ zAyaka zarIra jJAyaka zarIra bhAvI. tavyatirikta bhAvI tadvyatirikta cyAvita tyakta sacitta citta bhaktapratyAkhyAna iMginImaraNa prAyopagamanamaraNa uttama madhyama jaghanya

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96 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (4) kSetra sAmAyika-ramya kSetra jaise bagIcA, nagara, nadI, kUpa, bAvar3I, tAlAba, grAma, janapada, nagara, deza Adi meM rAga aura rUkSa evaM kaMTakayukta Adi viSama kAraNoM meM dvaSana karanA kSetra sAmAyika hai|' (5) kAla sAmAyika-pAvasa, varSA, hemanta, zizira, vasanta tathA grISma ina chaha RtuoM, rAta-dina, kRSNa-zukla pakSa Adi kAla vizeSoM meM rAga-dveSa rahita honA kAla sAmAyika hai| (6) bhAva sAmAyika-samasta jIvoM ke prati azubha-pariNAmoM kA tyAga evaM maitrI bhAva-dhAraNa karanA bhAva sAmAyika hai / sampUrNa kaSAyoM kA nirodha tathA mithyAtva ko dUrakara chaha dravya viSayaka nidhi, askhalita jJAna ko bhI bhAva sAmAyika kahate haiN| uttama sAmAyika aura prazasta sAmAyika kA bhI mUlAcArakAra ne vivecana kiyA hai| sAmAyika karane kI vidhi aura samayaH-mUlAcArakAra ne dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI zuddhipUrvaka aMjuli ko mukulita karake (aMjulipUrvaka hAtha jor3akara) svastha buddhi se sthita hokara athavA ekAgra manapUrvaka AkulatA arthAt ulajhana rUpa vikAra rahita mana se AgamAnusAra krama se bhikSu ko sAmAyika karane kA nirdeza hai|' kArtikeyAnuprekSA ke anusAra kSetra, kAla, Asana, vilaya, mana, vacana aura kAya kI zuddhipUrvaka sAmAyika meM baiThanA cAhie / pUrvAhna, madhyAhna aura aparAhna ina tIna kAloM meM chaha-chaha ghar3I sAmAyika karanA cAhie / jayadhavalA ke anusAra tInoM hI sandhyAoM kA pakSa aura mAsa ke sandhi dinoM meM yA apane icchita samaya meM bAhya aura antaraMga sabhI kaSAyoM kA nirodha karake sAmAyika karanA caahie| . zvetAmbara paramparA ke "Avazyaka mUlasUtra" meM kahA gayA hai ki-"maiM sAmAyika karatA hU~, yAvajjIvana saba prakAra ke sAvadyayoga kA pratyAkhyAna karatA hU~, usase nivRtta hotA hU~, usakI nindA karatA hU~, apane ApakA tyAga 1-3. mUlAcAravRtti 1117. 4. vahI, 7 / 21, 22,23 tathA 33. 5. paDilihiyaaMjalikaro upajutto uThThiUNa eymnno| - avAkhitto vutto karedi sAmAiyaM bhikkhU // mUlAcAra 7 / 39. 6. kArtikeyAnuprekSA gAthA 352, 354. . 7. kasAya pAhuDa jayadhavalA 1 / 1 / 1 / 81, pRSTha 98.

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mUlaguNa : 97 karatA hai| maiMne dina bhara meM yadi vratoM meM aticAra lagAyA ho, sUtra athavA mArga ke viruddha AcaraNa kiyA ho, durdhyAna kiyA ho, zramaNadharma kI virAdhanA kI ho to vaha saba mithyA ho| jaba taka maiM arhanta bhagavAn ke namaskAra mantra kA uccAraNa kara kAyotsarga na karU~, taba taka maiM apanI kAyA ko eka sthAna para rakhaMgA, mauna rahU~gA, dhyAna meM sthita rahU~gA / '' isa prakAra sAvadyayoga ke varjana hetu sAmAyika prazasta upAya evaM AdhyAtmika prakriyA hai / 2 mUlAcArakAra ne likhA hai ekAgna mana se sAmAyika karane vAlA zrAvaka bhI zramaNa sadRza hotA hai, ataH zramaNoM ko aura bhI sthiratApUrvaka atizaya sAmAyika karanA cAhie / hiMsA Adi doSayukta gRhasthadharma ko jaghanya arthAt saMsAra kA kAraNa samajhakara buddhimAn ko AtmahitakArI isa prazasta upAyarUpa sAmAyika kA pAlana karanA caahie| eka kathAnaka dvArA granthakAra ne sAmAyika kI mahattA isa prakAra batAI hai kisI vana meM sAmAyika karate hue eka zrAvaka ke pAsa vANa se viddha (Ahata) hiraNa AyA tathA thor3I hI dera bAda vaha vahIM mara gayA, kintu vaha zrAvaka bhI saMsAradoSa darzana ke vAvajUda sAmAyika saMyama se vicalita nahIM huA / isa kAraNa zrAvaka kI apekSA muni ko aura bhI tatparatA se sAmAyika karanA caahie|" uparyukta ullekhoM se yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki prAcIna kAla meM zrAvakoM ko sAmAyika muniyoM kI taraha Avazyaka karma ke rUpa meM nitya prati karane kA vidhAna rahA hai / yaha mAtra zramaNoM ko Avazyaka kriyA nahIM thii| vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM ke tIrtha meM sAmAyika tathA chedopasthApanA cAritra (saMyama) : cAritra ke pAMca bheda haiM-sAmAyika, chedopasthApanA, parihAra vizuddhi, sUkSmasAmparAya aura ythaakhyaat| inameM se prArambha ke do bhedoM ko lekara vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM ke tIrtha meM sAmAnya bheda hai| vastutaH abheda rUpa se sampUrNa sAvadya yoga 1. Avazyaka sUtra prathama sAmAyika adhyayana tathA jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa bhAga 2 pR0 174. 2. sAvajjajoga parivajjaNaTuM sAmAiyaM kevalihiM pasatthaM-mUlAcAra 7 / 33. 3. sAmAiyamhi du kade samaNo kira sAvao havadi jmhaa|| edeNa kAraNeNaM du bahuso sAmAiyaM kujjA / / mUlAcAra 7 / 34. 4. gihatthavammo'paramatti NaccA kujjA budho appahiyaM pasatthaM -mUlAcAra 7 / 33. 5. sAmAie kade sAvaeNa viddho gao araNasi / so ya mao uddhAdo Na ya so sAmAiyaM phiDio // mUlAcAra 7135.

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98 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ke tyAga pUrvaka avadhRta-niyata kAla meM hone vAlA sAmAyika cAritra hai / ise svIkAra karate samaya sarvasAvadha kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai, sAvadya yoga kA vibhAgazaH tyAga nahIM kiyA jAtA / isameM pA~ca mahAvrata Adi rUpa se bheda kI vivakSA nahIM hotii| apitu isakI svIkRti se sarva sAvadya-sadoSa-hiMsAdi pravRtti kA pUrNataH tyAga ho jAtA hai| prathama aura antima tIrthaMkara ke atirikta madhya ke bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ne isI kA hI upadeza kiyaa| chedopasthApanA cAritra meM vibhAgazaH tyAga kiyA jAtA hai| hiMsAdi pA~ca sAvadhoM kA pRthak-pRthak tyAga kiyA jAtA hai / niravadya kriyAoM meM pramAdavaza doSa lagane para usakA samyak pratikAra karanA chedopasthApanA hai / AcArya vIranaMdi ne kahA hai vrata samiti aura guptirUpa teraha prakAra ke cAritra meM bheda athavA doSa lagane para una doSoM kA cheda (nAza) karanA aura phira apane AtmasvarUpa cAritra ko apane AtmA meM hI sthira rakhanA chedopasthApanA hai / ' pUjyavAda ne kahA hai-ina teraha bheda vAle cAritra kA nirUpaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kiyA thaa| unake pUrvavartI tIrthaMkaroM ne aise vibhAgAtmaka cAritra kA nirUpaNa nahIM kiyaa|2 AcArya vaTTakera ne mUlAcAra meM prathama aura antima tIrthaMkaroM dvArA chedopasthApanA cAritra (saMyama) ke pratipAdana kA kAraNa batAte hue likhA hai kikathana (paropadeza) karane meM, pRthak-pRthak bhAvita karane meM aura samajhane meM sugamatA ho isIlie pAMca mahAvratoM kA varNana kiyaa| prathama tIrthaMkara ke tIrtha meM ziSya muzkila se zuddha kiye jAte the| kyoMki ve atizaya sarala svabhAva hote the| antima tIrthakara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tIrtha meM ziSyajanoM se vratoM kA pAlana karAnA kaThina rahA hai| kyoMki ve adhika vakra svabhAva ke the| sAtha hI donoM tIrthoM ke 1. AcArasAra 5 / 6-7. 2. cAritrabhakti 7. 3. vAbIsaM tityayarA sAmAiyasaMjamaM uvadisaMti / chedovaTThAvaNiyaM puNa bhayavaM usaho ya vIro ya // Acakkhidu vibhajid viNNAduM cAvi suhadaraM hodi / edeNa kAraNeNa du mahanvadA paMcapaNNattA / / AdIe duvvisodhaNa NihaNe taha suhu duraNupAle ya / purimA ya pacchimA vi hu kappAkappaM Na jANaMti // -mUlAcAra 736, 37, 38.

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mUlaguNa : 99 ziSya spaSTa rUpa se yogya-ayogya ko nahIM jAnate the| isIlie Adi aura anta ke tIrthaMkaroM ne apane tIrtha meM chedopasthApanA saMyama kA upadeza diyA hai|' 2. stava (catuvizati-stava) : RSabha se lekara mahAvIra paryanta caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke nAma nirukti ke anusAra artha karake unake asAdhAraNa guNoM kA kIrtana-arthAt guNagrahaNa pUrvaka nAma lekara tathA pUjanakara, mana, vacana aura kAya kI zuddhipUrvaka namana karanA dvitIya caturviMzatistava (thavo) Avazyaka hai / 2 jinavaroM kI bhakti se jIva pUrva saMcita karmoM kA kSaya aura samyaktva kI vizuddhi kara letA hai / arhatparameSThI vaMdanAnamaskAra, pUjA-satkAra tathA siddhigamana ke yogya pAtra hone se unheM arhanta kahate haiN| isa taraha loka ko jJAna rUpI prakAza se prakAzita karane vAle caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke guNoM kA utkIrtana karanA caturvizatistava hai|" stava ke bheda-mUlAcAra ke anusAra nikSepa dRSTi se stava ke chaha bheda haiM / / jayaghavalA meM isake nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva ye cAra bheda kiye gaye haiN|" aparAjitasUri ne mana, vacana, aura kAya ina tIna yogoM ke sambandha se stava ke tIna bheda kiye haiN|' 1. mana se caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke guNoM kA smaraNa karanA manastava hai / 2. vacana se logujjoyayare'-ityAdi gAthA meM kahI gayI tIrthakaroM kI stuti bolanA vacanakRta stava hai| 3. lalATa para hAtha jor3akara jinendra bhagavAn ko namaskAra karanA kAyakRtastava hai| nikSepa dRSTi se stava ke chaha bheda-deg 1. usahAdi jiNavarANaM NAmaNirutti guNANukitti ca / kAUNa accidUNa ya tisuddhipariNAmo thavo Neo ||-muulaacaar 1 / 24 2. bhattIi jiNavarANaM khijjati punvasaMciyA kammA / -vahI 7 / 72, Avazyaka niyukti 1104. 3. cauvvIsatthaeNaM dasaNavisohiM jaNayai -uttarAdhyayana 3119, catuHzaraNa sUtra 3. 4. mUlAcAra 7 / 65. 5. Avazyaka sUtra 2.1. 6. mUlAcAra 7141. 7. kasAya pAhuDa jayadhavalA-1185 pR0 119. 8. bhagavatI ArAdhanA vijayodayA TIkA 509. pRSTha 728. 9. mUlAcAra 7142. 10. mUlAcAra savRtti 7.41.

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100 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 1. nAma : caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke guNoM ke anusAra unake 1008 nAmoM kA uccAraNa karanA nAmastava hai / 2. sthApanA : tIrthaMkaroM ke guNoM kI dhAraka tadrUpa sthApita jina pratimAoM kI stuti karanA sthApanA stava hai / 3. dravya : paramaudArika zarIra ke dhAraka tIrthaMkaroM kA varNa, unake zarIra kI U~cAI, unake mAtA-pitA Adi kA varNana dravyastava hai / 4. kSetra : tIrthaMkaroM ke garbha, janma, tapa, kalyANakoM dvArA pavitra nagara, vana, parvata Adi stava hai / jJAna aura nirvANa ina pAMca kSetroM kA varNana karanA kSetra 5. kAla : garbha, janma, dIkSA, jJAna aura mokSa--ina pA~ca samayoM ke kalyANakoM kI stuti karanA kAlastava hai / 6. bhAva : tIrthaMkaroM ke ananta jJAna, darzana, vIrya, sukha, kSAyika samyaktva, avyAbAdha aura virAgatA Adi guNoM kA varNana evaM stavana karanA bhAvastava hai / stava kI vidhi : zarIra, bhUmi aura citta kI zuddhipUrvaka donoM pairoM meM cAra aMgula ke antara se samapAda khar3e hokara aMjulI jor3akara saumyabhAva se stavana karanA cAhie / " tathA yaha cintana karanA cAhie ki arhat parameSThI jagat ko prakAzita karane vAle, uttama kSamAdi gharmatIrtha ke kartA hone se tIrthaMkara, jinavara, kIrtanIya aura kevalI jaise vizeSaNoM se viziSTa uttamabodhi dene vAle haiN| 3. vaMdanA : vandanA nAmaka tRtIya Avazyaka mana, vacana aura kAya kI vaha prazasta vRtti hai jisase sAdhaka tItha karAdi ke prati tathA zikSA, dIkSA evaM tapa Adi meM jyeSTha AcAryoM evaM guruoM ke prati zraddhA aura bahumAna pragaTa karatA hai / mUlAcAra meM kahA hai-- arahaMta, siddha kI pratimA, tapa, zruta tathA guNoM meM jyeSTha zikSA tathA dIkSAguruoM ko mana, vacana, aura kAya kI zuddhi se kRtikarma, siddha-bhakti, zruta bhakti aura guru bhakti pUrvaka kAyotsarga Adi se vinaya karanA vandanA (vaMdaNa ) Avazyaka 1. cauraMgulaMtarapAdo paDilehiya aMjalI kayapasattho / anvAkhito vatto kurNAdi ya cauvIsatyayaM bhikkhU || mUlAcAra 7 76. 2. logujjoyayare dhamma titthayare jiNavare ya arahaMte / kittaNa kevalimeva ya uttamabohiM mama disaMtu / / vahI 7 / 42.

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mUlaguNa : 101 hai|' jayadhavalA ke anusAra eka tIrthakara ko namaskAra karanA vandanA hai2 dhavalA meM bhI kahA hai RSabhAdi tIrthakara, kevalI, AcArya tathA caityAlaya-inake guNasamUhoM ke bhedapUrvaka zabda-kalApa rUpa guNAnuvAdayukta namaskAra vaMdanA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM spaSTa kahA hai vandanA se jIva nIcagotra kA kSaya tathA ucca gotra kA bandha karatA hai| vaha apratihata saubhAgya ko prApta karatA hai| sarvatra AjJAphala tathA dAkSiNya anukUlatA milatI hai| arthAt jisakI AjJA ko loga zirodhArya kareM vaisA abAdhita saubhAgya aura janatA kI anukUla bhAvanA ko prApta hotA hai / mUlAcArakAra ke anusAra cAritrAdi anuSThAna, dhyAna, adhyayana meM tatpara kSamAdi guNa tathA mahAvratadhArI, asaMyama se glAni karane vAle aura dhairyavAn zramaNa vandanA ke yogya hote haiM / aise jyeSTha aura zreSTha muni, AcAryA di vandanIya hote haiM / anAdRta, stabdha Adi battIsa doSoM se rahita vandanA ho zuddha vandanA hai tathA yahI vipula nirjarA kA kAraNa bhI hai / vaMdanA ko vidhi yaha hai ki-sarvaprathama jisa AcAdi jyeSTha zramaNoM kI vandanA kI jAtI hai to unameM tathA vandanakartA ke madhya eka hAtha antarAla rakhakara phira apane zarIrAdi ke sparza se deva kA sparza yA gurU ko bAdhA na karate hue apane kaTi Adi aMgoM kA picchikA se pratilekhana kare taba vandanA kI isa prakAra yAcanA (vijJApanA) kare ki "maiM vandanA karatA huuN"| unakI svIkRti lekara icchAkAra pUrvaka vandanA karanA cAhie / __ avandya ko vandana karane se vandanA karane vAle ko na to karma kI nirjarA hotI hai aura na kIrti hI balki asaMyama Adi doSoM ke samarthana dvArA karmabandha hI hotA hai| itanA hI nahIM apitu guNo puruSoM ke dvArA avandanIya apanI vandanA karAne rUpa asaMyama kI vRddhi dvArA avaMdanIya kI AtmA kA adhaHpatana hotA hai| 1. arahaMtasiddhapaDimAtavasudaguNaguruguruNarAdINaM / kidiyammeNidareNa ya tiyaraNa saMkocaNaM paNamo / mUlAcAra 1125. 2. eyarasa tityayarassa NamaMsaNaM vaMdaNA NAma -kasAya pAhuDa jayadhavalA 86, 1 / 1-186, pR0 111. 3. dhavalA 8 / 3 / 4 / 84 / 3. 4. uttarAdhyayana 29 / 11. 5. mUlAcAra 7 / 98. 6. hatthaMtareNa bAdhe saMphAsamappajjaNaM pujjNto| jAeMto vedaNayaM icchAkAraM kuNadi bhikkhU / / mUlAcAra, savRtti 7 / 112. 7. Avazyaka niyukti 1108. 8. Avazyaka niyukti 1110. -

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102 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vandanA ke bheda : nikSepa daSTi se isake nimnalikhita chaha bheda haiN|' 1-jAti, dravya, kriyA nirapekSa vandanA kI zabda-saMjJA nAma vandanA hai / athavA eka tIrthakara, siddha aura AcAryAdi ke nAma kA uccAraNa nAma vandanA hai / 2vandanA yogya mahApuruSa kI pratikRti athavA eka tIrthaMkara AcArya Adi ke pratibimba kA stavana karanA sthApanA vandanA hai / 3-isI taraha eka tIrthaMkara, siddha tathA AcAryAdi ke zarIra kI vandanA karanA dravyavandanA hai| dravya sAmAyika kI taraha dravya vandanA ke bhI bhedoM ko samajhanA cAhie / 4---jisa kSetra meM inhoMne nivAsa kiyA ho usakI vandanA karanA kSetra vandanA hai / 5-jisa kAla meM ye rahe hoM usa kAla kI vandanA karanA kAla vandanA hai| tathA 6-zuddha pariNAmoM se unake guNoM kA stavana evaM vandanA karanA bhAva vandanA hai / vandanA kA samaya : AlocanA, prazna, pUjA, svAdhyAya Adi ke samaya tathA krodha Adi aparAdha ho jAne para AcArya, upAdhyAya Adi kI vandanA kI jAtI hai| pUrvAhna, madhyAhna, aura aparAhna ina tIna sandhyAkAloM meM vandanA kA samaya chahachaha ghar3I hai / arthAt sUryodaya ke tIna ghar3I pUrva se tIna ghar3I pazcAt taka pUrvAhna vandanA / madhyAhna ke tIna ghar3I pUrva se tIna ghar3I pazcAt taka madhyAhna vandanA / saryAsta ke tIna ghar3I pUrva se tIna ghar3I pazcAt taka aparAhna vandanA hotI hai| AcArya Adi ekAntabhUmi meM padyAsanAdi se svasthacitta baiThe hoN| taba unakI vijJapti lekara vandanA karanI cAhie / ' vyAkulacitta, nidrA, vikathA Adi pramattAvasthA tathA AhAra-NIhAra meM yukta yA mala-mUtrAdi utsarga ke samaya AcAryAdi kI vandanA nahIM karanI caahie|' vandanA ke paryAyavAcI anya nAma-kRtikarma, citikarma, pUjAkarma aura vinayakarma-ye vandanA ke cAra nAmAntara haiN|6 vandanA ke hI anya nAma hone se inheM nAma vaMdanA bhI kaha sakate haiM / 1. kRtikarma-jisase pUrvakRta aSTakarmoM kA nAza ho / 2. citikarma-jisase tIrthakaratvAdi puNyakarma kA saMcaya hotA hai| 3. pUjAkarma-jisase pUjA kI jAye arthAt arhadAdi kA bahuvacana yukta zabdoccAraNa evaM caMdanAdi arpaNa krnaa| tathA 4. vinayakarma-jisase sevA suzruSA kI jAve / isa prakAra jisa akSaroccAraNarUpa vAcanika kriyA, pariNAmoM kI 1. mUlAcAra vRttisahita 7 / 78. 2. vahI 7 / 102. 3. ana gAra dharmAmRta 879. 4. mUlAcAra 7 / 101. 5. vahI 7 / 100. 6. kidiyammaM cidiyammaM pUyAkammaM ca viNayakammaM ca-mUlAcAra 7 / 79. .

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mUlaguNa : 103 vizuddhirUpa mAnasika kriyA aura namaskAra Adi rUpa kAyika kriyA karane se jJAnAvaraNAdi aSTavidhakarmoM kA kRtyate chidyate' cheda hotA hai use kRtikarma kahA jAtA hai / yaha puNyasaMcaya kA kAraNa hai, ataH ise citikarma bhI kahate haiM / isameM caturviMzati tIrthaMkaroM aura paJcaparameSThI (arhanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu) Adi kI pUjA kI jAtI hai, ataH ise pUjAkarma bhI kahate haiN| isake dvArA utkRSTa vinaya prakAzita hotI hai ataH ise vinaya karma bhI kahate haiM / inameM kRtikarma aura vinayakarma ina do kA kramazaH vizeSa vivecana prastuta hai kRtikarma-kRtikarma pApoM ke vinAza kA upAya hai / ' sAmAyika stavapUrvaka kAyotsarga karake caturviMzatistava paryanta kI jAne vAlI vidhi ko kRtikarma kahate haiN| granthakAra ne kRtikarma ko kriyAkarma bhI kahA haiM / jinadeva, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya kI vandanA karate samaya jo kriyA kI jAtI hai, use kRtikarma kahate hai| AcArya vasunandi ne kahA hai-sAmAyika stavapUrvaka kAyotsarga karake catuviMzati tIrthakara stava paryanta jo vidhi hai use kRtikarma kahate haiM / mUlAcArakAra ne kRtikarma-prayoga kI vidhi batalAte hue kahA hai ki-yathAjAta (nagna) mudrAdhArI sAdhu mana, vacana aura kAya kI zuddhipUrvaka do praNAma, bArahaAvarta aura cAra zironati sahita kRtikarma kre| mUlAcArakAra ne kRtikarma ke nau adhikAra batAye haiM arthAt kRtikarma kA nau dvAroM se vicAra kiyA hai / (1) kRtikarma kauna kare ? (2) kisakA kare ? (3) kisa vidhi se kare ? (4) kisa avasthA meM kare ? (5) kitanI bAra kare ? (6) kitanI avanatiyoM se kare arthAt kRtikarma karate samaya kitane bAra jhukanA cAhie ? (7) kitane bAra mastaka para hAtha rakhakara kare ? / (8) kitane AvatoM se zuddha hotA hai ? (9) vaha kRtikarma kitane doSa rahita kare ?-ina nau adhikAra rUpa nau praznoM kA samAdhAna isa taraha hai| 1. kRtikarma pApavinAzanopAyaH / mUlAcAra vRtti 7 / 79. 2. jiNa-siddhAiriya-bahusudesu vaMdijjamANesu jaM kIrai kammaM taM kidikammaM NAma / -jayadhavalA 1 / 1191, pR0 107. 3. sAmAyikastavapUrvakakAyotsargazcatu viMzatitIrthakarastavaparyantaH kRtikarmetyucyate -mUlAcAravRtti 7 / 103. 4. doNadaM tu jadhAjAdaM vArasAvattameva ya / cadussiraM tisuddhaca ki diyammaM pauMjade / / mUlAcAra 7 / 104. 5. kadi oNadaM kadi siraM kadi AvattagehiM parisuddhaM / kadidosavippamukkaM kidiyammaM hodi kAdavvaM // mUlAcAra 780. ca

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104 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (1) kRtikarma kauna kare ? (svAmitva)-paMcamahAvatoM ke AcaraNa meM lIna dharma meM utsAhita, udyamI, mAna-kaSAya se rahita, nirjarA kA icchuka aura dIkSA meM laghu aisA saMyamI zramaNa kRtikarma karatA hai|' (2) kRtikarma kisakA kare ? :-AcArya, upAdhyAya, pravartaka, sthavira, gaNadhara Adi kI vandanA (kRtikarma) apane karmoM kI nirjarA ke lie karanA caahie| kintu saMyata muni ko asaMyata mAtA-pitA, gurU, rAjA, deza virata zrAvaka tathA pArzvastha, kuzIla, saMsakta, apasaMjJa, mRgacaritra aura anya tIrtha ke sAdhuoM kI vandanA nahIM karanA cAhie / kyoMki ye muni darzana, jJAna, cAritra tathA dharma-tIrtha Adi meM zraddhA aura harSa rahita hote haiM / aise sAdhu to ratnatraya, tapa aura vinaya se sarvathA pare rahakara guNadhara (mUlaguNa-uttaraguNa ke dhAraka) muniyoM ke chidrAnveSI hote haiN| (3) kRtikarma kisa vidhi se kare ? : paryakAsana tathA kAyotsarga ina do AsanoM meM se kisI eka Asana pUrvaka kRtikarma karanA caahie| kyoMki ye do Asana sukhAsana kahalAte haiN| inameM bhI paryaMkAsana adhika sukhakara haiM, vAkI ke saba Asana viSama arthAt vyAkulatA utpanna karane vAle haiN| jo mahAzaktizAlI haiM unheM sabhI AsanoM kA prayoga karake mana, vacana aura kAya kI vizuddhipUrvaka madarahita hokara kramoM kA ullaMghana na karake kRtikarma karanA caahie| kRtikarma ke lie yogya sthAna bhI apekSita hai ataH vinaya kI vRddhi hetu sAdhuoM ko tRNamaya, zilAmaya yA kASThamaya Asana para baiThanA cAhie jisameM kSudra jIva na hoM, yA usa Asana se caracara kI AvAja na AtI ho, Asana ko chidra, kola yA kA~Te rahita, sukhakara tathA nizcala honA caahie|' (4) kRtikarma kisa avasthA meM kare ? : jo AcArya-muni paryakAsana pUrvaka Asana para baiThA ho, dhyAna Adi kArya meM usa samaya upayukta na ho, aise zAntacitta muni ko-he prabho ? maiM vandanA karatA hUM-isa taraha se medhAvI muni ko 1. mUlAcAra 7 / 93. 2. vahI 7 / 94. 3. vahI 7 / 95-97, anagAra dharmAmRta 742, 4. duvihaThANa puNaruktaM-mUlAcAra 7 / 105. 5. mahApurANa 2171-72, kArtikeyAnuprekSA 355, anagAra dharmAmRta 884. 6. mahApurANa 21173. 7. mUlAcAra 74105. 8. anagAra dharmAmRta 8582 /

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mUlaguNa : 105 sambodhanapUrvaka tathA prArthanApUrvaka kRtikarma karanA caahie| jo dhyAnAdi meM ekAgracitta hai, kRtikarma karane vAle kI ora pITha kie baiThA hai / pramatta, nindita avasthA athavA vikathA Adi tathA AhAra, nIhAra Adi kriyAoM meM saMlagna hai, aise saMyamI muni kI bhI vandanA nahIM karanA cAhie / 2 ina sabake sAtha avasara vizeSa kA bhI dhyAna rakhanA cAhie / yathA Alo canA, sAmAyikAdi SaDAvazyaka, prazna pUchane ke pUrva, pUjana, svAdhyAya, krodhAdi aparAdha ke samaya AcArya, upAdhyAyAdi gurUoM kI vaMdanA karanI cAhie / (5) kRtikarma kitane bAra kare ? : pUrvAhna aura aparAhna donoM kAloM ke sAta-sAta arthAt kula caudaha kRtikarma karanA cAhie / sAta kRtikarma ye haiM1. AlocanA, 2. pratikramaNa, 3. vIra, 4. caturvizati tIrthakara-ye cAra bhakti pratikramaNa kAla ke kRtikarma haiM, tathA 5. zrutabhakti, 6. AcArya bhakti, 7. svAdhyAya upasaMhAra-ye tIna svAdhyAya kAla ke kRtikarma haiN| anagAra dharmAmRta meM yahI vibhAjana vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa ke sAtha isa taraha haisamaya kriyA 1-sUryodaya se lekara do ghar3I taka -devavaMdana, AcAryavaMdana tathA namana 2-sUryodaya ke do ghar3I pazcAt se -pUrvAhnika svAdhyAya madhyAhna kI do ghar3I pahale taka 3-madhyAhna ke do ghar3I pUrva se -AhAracaryA (yadi upavAsa yukta hai do ghar3I pazcAt taka to kama se AcArya, deva-vaMdana va manana) 4-AhAra se lauTane para -maMgalagocara pratyAkhyAna 5-madhyAhna ke do ghar3I pazcAt -aparAhnika svAdhyAya se sUryAsta ke do ghar3I pUrva taka 1. AsaNe AsaNatthaM ca uvasaMtaM ca uvaTThidaM / __ aNuviNNaya medhAvI kidiyammaM pauMjade // mUlAcAra 7101. 2. vahI 7 / 100. 3. AloyaNAya karaNe paDipucchA pUjaNe ya sajjhAe / avarAdhe ya gurUNaM vaMdaNabhedesu ThANesu / / mUlAcAra 7 / 102. 4. cattAri paDikkamaNe kidiyammA tiNNi hoMti sajjhAe / punvaNhe avaraNhe kidiyammA coddasA hoMti // mUlAcAra 7.103. 5. anagAra dharmAmRta 9.1-13,34-35 uddhRta jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 2, pR0 137.

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106 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 6-sUryAsta ke do ghar3I pUrva se -devasika pratikramaNa va rAtriyoga dhAraNa sUryAsta taka 7.-sUryAsta se lekara usake do -AcAryadeva vandana tathA manana ghar3I pazcAta taka 8-sUryAsta ke do ghar3I pazcAt -pUrvarAtrika svAdhyAya se ardharAtri ke do ghar3I pUrva taka 9-ardharAtri ke do ghar3I pUrva se -cAra ghar3I nidrA usake do ghar3I 5zcAt taka 10-ardharAtri ke do ghar3I pazcAt -vairAtrika svAdhyAya se sUryodaya ke do ghar3I pUrva taka 11-sUryodaya ke do ghar3I pUrva se -rAtrika pratikramaNa sUryodaya taka SaTkhaNDAgama meM kahA hai ki kRtikarma tInoM sandhyA kAloM meM karanA caahie| isI kI dhavalA TIkA meM AcArya vIrasena ne to yahA~ taka kahA hai ki kRtikarma tIna bAra hI karanA cAhie aisA koI ekAnta niyama nahIM haiN| adhika bAra bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai para tIna bAra avazya karanA cAhie / ' tInoM kAloM meM kiye jAne vAle kRtikarma meM sAmAyika, caturvizatistava aura vandana-ina tInoM AvazyakoM kI mukhyatA hotI hai| tInoM sandhyAkAloM meM kiyA jAne vAlA kRtikarma muni aura zrAvaka donoM ko eka samAna hai| antara kevala itanA hai ki sAdhu aparigrahI hone se kRtikarma karate samaya akSata Adi dravya kA upayoga nahIM karate jabaki gRhastha unakA upayoga kara bhI sakate haiN|' isa prakAra kRtikarma zramaNAcAra aura zrAvakAcAra donoM meM mukhya AcAra ke rUpa meM pratipAdita hai / vaise muni sAMsArika kAryoM se mukta hote haiM phira bhI unakA mana laukika yaza, samRddhi tathA apanI pratiSThA kI ora bhUlakara bhI AkarSita na ho aura gamanAgamana, AhAra grahaNa Adi pravRtti karate samaya lage hue doSoM kA parimArjana hotA rahe, ataH muni kRtikarma ko svIkAra karatA hai / gRhastha kI jIvanacaryA hI aisI hotI hai jisake kAraNa usakI pravRtti nirantara sadoSa banI rahatI hai ataH use bhI kRtikarma karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai / / kyoMki kRtikarma kA mukhya uddezya Atmazuddhi hai / 1. SaTkhaNDAgama, karma anuyodvAra sUtra 28, dhavalA TIkA sahita / 2. jJAnapITha pUjAJjali, prAstAvika pRSTha 21,22 (dvitIya saMskaraNa) 3. vahI, pRSTha 20.

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mUlaguNa : 107 6-kRtikarma kitanI avanatiyoM se kareM ? : avanati se tAtparya hai bhUmi para baiThakara bhUmi sparza pUrvaka namana / ' krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha evaM parigraha inase rahita mana, vacana, aura kAya kI zuddhi pUrvaka kRtikarma meM do avanati karanA cAhie / 2 7-kitane bAra zironati (mastaka para hAtha jor3akara) kRtikarma kare ? avanati kI taraha mana, vacana aura kAya kI zuddhipUrvaka cAra bAra sira se namana (catuH zironati) karake kRtikarma karanA cAhie / arthAt sAmAyika ke prArambha aura anta meM tathA thossAmi daNDaka ke prArambha aura anta meM-isa taraha cAra bAra zironati vidhi kI jAtI hai| 8-kRtikarma kitane AvartI se zuddha hotA hai ? : prazasta yoga ko eka avasthA se haTAkara dUsarI avasthA meM le jAne kA nAma parAvartana yA Avarta hai| mana, vacana aura kAya kI apekSA Avarta ke ye tIna bheda / isake bAraha bheda haiMsAmAyika ke prArambha meM tIna aura anta meM tIna, caturvizatistava ke prArambha aura anta meM tIna-tIna-kula milAkara bAraha AvatoM se kRtikarma zuddha hotA hai / ataH jo mumukSu sAdhu vaMdanA ke lie udyata haiM, unheM ye bAraha Avarta caahie| 9~-kitane doSa rahita kRtikarma kare ? : battIsa doSoM se rahita kRtikarma karanA caahie| inheM hI vandanA ke battIsa doSa bhI kahA jAtA hai, 1. anAdRtanirAdara pUrvaka yA alpabhAva se samasta kriyA-karma karanA / 2. stabdha-vidyA, jAti Adi ATha madoM ke garva pUrvaka vandanA krnaa| 3. praviSTa-paMcaparameSThI ke ati sannikaTa hokara yA asaMtuSTatApUrvaka vaMdanA karanA / 4. paripIDitadonoM hAthoM se donoM jaMghAoM yA ghuTanoM ke sparza-pUrvaka vaMdanA krnaa| 5. dolAyita-dolAyamAnayukta hokara arthAta samasta zarIra hilAte hue vandanA karanA / 6. aMkuzita-hAtha ke aMgUThe ko aMkuza kI taraha lalATa se lagAkara vandanA karanA / 7. kacchapa riMgita-kachue kI taraha ceSTApUrvaka (raMgakara) vaMdanA karanA / 8. matsyodvarta- machalI ko taraha kamara ko U~cI karake vandanA krnaa| 9. manoduSTa-dveSa athavA saMkleza manayukta vaMdanA krnaa| 10. bedikAbaddha-donoM hAthoM se donoM ghuTanoM ko bA~dhakara vakSasthala ke mardanapUrvaka vandanA karanA / 11. bhaya-maraNa Adi sAta bhayoM se Darakara vaMdanA karanA / 1. mUlAcAra vRtti 7 / 104. 2. mUlAcAra 7 / 104. 3. cadussiraM tisuddhaM ca kidiyamma pauMjade-vahI 7 / 104. 4. mUlAcAra vRtti 7 / 104, anagAra dharmAmRta 8188-89. 5. mUlAcAra, vRtti sahita 7 / 106-110.

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108 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 12. vibhya-paramArtha ko jAne binA guru Adi se bhayabhIta hokara vaMdanA krnaa| 13. Rddhigaurava-vaMdanA karane se koI cAturvarNya zramaNa saMgha kA bhakta ho jAyegA isa abhiprAya se vaMdanA karanA / 14. gaurava~AsanAdi ke dvArA apanA mAhAtmya-gaurava pragaTa karake athavA rasayukta bhojana Adi kI spRhA rakhakara vaMdanA karanA / 15. stanita-AcAryAdi se chipakara---isa DhaMga se vaMdanA karanA jisase unheM mAlUma hI na pdd'e| 16. pratinIta-deva, guru Adi ke pratikUla hokara vaMdanA krnaa| 17. praduSTa-dUsare ke sAtha dveSa, vara, kalaha Adi karake usase kSamA mAMge yA kiye binA vaMdanA Adi kriyA karanA / 18. tajita-dUsaroM ko bhaya dikhAkara athavA AcAryAdi ke dvArA tarjanI aMguli Adi se tajita arthAt anuzAsita kiye jAne para ki yadi niyamAdi kA pAlana nahIM karoge to Apako (saMgha se) nikAla dUMgA-aisA tajita kiye jAne para hI vaMdanA karanA tajita doSa hai / 19. zabda-mauna chor3akara zabda bolate hue vaMdanA karanA zabda doSa hai athavA 'saha' ke sthAna para 'saTTha'--yaha pATha rahane para zaThatApUrvaka yA mAyA prapaMca se baMdanA karanA zATya doSa hai / 20. hIlita-AcArya yA anya sAdhuoM kA parAbhava karake vaMdanA karanA / 21. trivalita-lalATa kI tIna rekhAeM car3hAkara vaMdanA karanA yA vaMdanA karate samaya kamara, hRdaya aura kaNTha ina tInoM meM bhaMgimA par3a jAnA / 22. kuMcita-ghuTanoM ke bIca meM mastaka jhukAkara vandanA karanA yA donoM hAthoM se sira kA sparzakara saMkoca rUpa hokara vandanA karanA / 23. dRSTaAcArya ke sAmane ThIka se vandanA karanA, parokSa meM svacchandatApUrvaka athavA icchAnukUla dazoM dizAoM meM avalokana karate hue vandanA karanA / 24. adRSTaAcArya Adi na dekha sakeM ataH aise sthAna se vandanA karanA / athavA bhUmi, zarIra Adi kA pratilekhana kiye binA mana kI caMcalatA se yukta hokara athavA pIche jAkara vandanA karanA / 25. saMgha-kara-mocana-saMgha ke ruSTa hone ke bhaya se tathA saMgha ko prasanna karane ke uddezya se vaMdanA ko 'kara' (Taiksa) bhAga samajhakara pUrti karanA, 26. Alabdha-upakaraNAdi prApta karake vaMdanA krnaa| 27. anAlabdha-upakaraNAdi ko AzA se vaMdanA krnaa| 28. hIna-graMtha, artha, kAlAdi pramANa rahita vaMdanA karanA / 29. uttara cUlikA-vaMdanA ko thor3e samaya meM pUrNa karanA tathA usakI cUlikA sambandhI AlocanA Adi ko adhika samaya taka sampanna karake vandanA krnaa| 30. mUka-mUka (gUMge) vyakti kI taraha mukha ke bhItara hI bhItara vaMdanA pATha bolanA athavA vaMdanA karate hue hu~kAra, aMguli Adi kI saMjJA (ceSTA) karanA / 31. dardura-apane zabdoM ke dvArA dUsaroM ke zabdoM ko dabAne ke uddezya se teja gale ke dvArA mahAkalakala yukta zabda karake vaMdanA krnaa| 32. cululita (curulita)-eka hI sthAna meM khar3e

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mUlaguNa : 109 hokara hAthoM kI aMjuli ko ghumAkara sabakI vaMdanA karanA athavA curulita pATha ke anusAra paMcamAdi svara se ( gAkara ) vandanA karanA / vaMdanA ke ye battIsa doSa haiM / ina doSoM se parizuddha hokara jo kRtikarma karatA hai vaha sAdhu vipula nirjarA kA bhAgI hotA hai / 2 tathA yadi ina doSoM meM se kisI bhI eka doSa sahita kRtikarma karatA hai yA ina doSoM ke nivAraNa ke binA vaMdanA karatA hai to vaMdanA se honevAlI karma nirjarA kA vaha zramaNa kabhI svAmI nahIM bana sakatA 3 vinayakarma : vandanA kA mUla uddezya jIvana meM vinaya ko ucca sthAna denA hai / jina zAsana kA mUla tathA samagra saMgha vyavasthA kA AdhAra vinaya hI hai / isIlie vandanA ke cAra paryAyavAcI nAmoM meM ise svIkRta kiyA hai / jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa Adi ATha karmoM kA ( vinayati) vinAza, caturgati bhramaNa se mukti tathA saMsAra se vilIna karane vAlI vinaya hai / * zramaNa ko svarga- mokSAdi ke prati le jAne vAlA viziSTa zubha pariNAma bhI vinaya hI hai / " isIlie sabhI jinavaroM ne mokSamArga meM pravRtti hetu sampUrNa karmabhUmiyoM ke lie vinaya kA prarUpaNa kiyA hai / vinaya ko paMcama gati (mokSa) kA nAyaka aura mokSa kA dvAra kahA hai / isI se saMyama, tapa tathA jJAna prApta hotA hai aura AcArya tathA sampUrNa saMgha ArAdhita hotA / " yaha zrutAbhyAsa (zikSA) kA phala / isake binA sArI zikSA nirarthaka hai / yaha sabhI kalyANoM kA phala bhI hai / " dharmarUpI vRkSa kA mUla vinaya hai usakA antima pariNAma (rasa) mokSa hai / isa vinayarUpI 7 1. mUlAcAra vRtti sahita 7 / 106-110 2. vahI 7 / 110. 3. vahI 7 / 111. 4. jahmA viNedi kammaM aTThavihaM cAuraMgamokkho ya / tamhA vadaMti viduso viNaotti vilINasaMsArA / / mUlAcAra 7 / 81. 5. svargamokSAdIn vizeSeNa nayatIti vinayaH -- mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 175. 6. mUlAcAra 7 / 82. 7. viNayo paMcamagaiNAyago bhaNiyo - mUlAcAra 5 / 167. 8. vahI 5 / 1 / 189, bhagavatI ArAdhanA 129. 9. viNaNa vippahINassa havadi sikkhA NiratthiyA savvA / viNao sikkhAe phalaM viNaya-phalaM savvakallANaM | vahI 5 / 188.

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110 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana mUla dvArA vinayavAn vyakti isa loka meM kIrti aura jJAna prApta karatA hai aura kramazaH apanA AtmavikAsa karatA huA anta meM niHzreyasa ko prApta karatA hai / " udaya, vRttikAra vasunandi ne vinayakarma kI paribhASA karate hue kahA hai ki jisake dvArA karma dUra kiye jAte haiM, karmoM kA saMkramaNa, udIraNA Adi bhAvarUpa pariNamana karA diyA jAtA hai usa kriyA ko vinayakarma yA zuzrUSA kahate haiM 12 vinayakarma ke bheda :- - isake pA~ca bheda haiM- 1. lokAnuvRtti, 2 . arthanimittaka, 3. kAmataMtra, 4. bhaya aura 5. mokSa / inameM arthavinaya kAmavinaya aura bhayavinaya - ye tIna mUlarUpa meM saMsAra kI prayojaka haiM / 1. lokAnuvRtti vinaya - arthAt lokAcAra meM vinaya karanA / mUlarUpa meM lokAnuvRttivinaya kI vidhi ke anusAra do bheda haiM - prathama ke antargata yathAvasara sabakA yathocita Adara-satkAra kiyA jAtA hai aura dUsarI vaha vinaya jo apane vibhava ke anusAra devapUjA Adi ke samaya kI jAtI hai / isa prakAra pUjya puruSoM ke Agamana para Asana se uThanA, hAtha jor3anA, Asana denA, atithi pUjA, devapUjA, anukUla bhASaNa tathA deza-kAla yogya svadravya dAna karanA - ye saba lokAnuvRttivinaya hai / inhIM AdhAroM para isake nimna sAta bheda kiye jA sakate haiM - abhyutthAna, AsanadAna, atithipUjA, apane vibhava ke anusAra devapUjana, bhASAnuvRtti, chaMdAnuvartana aura deza-kAla yogya svadravya dAna | 2. arthanimittaka vinaya - apane prayojana athavA svArthavaza hAya jor3anA / " 3. kAmataMtra vinaya -- kAma puruSArtha ke lie vinaya karanA / 4. bhaya vinaya- -bhaya ke kAraNa vinaya karanA / - 1. dazavaikAlika 9/2/2. 2. mUlAcAravRtti 7 79. 3. lokANuvittiviNao atthaNimittaM ya kAmataMte ya / bhayaviNao ya cauttho paMcamao mokkhaviNao ya / / mUlAcAra 7 / 83. 4. abbhuTThANaM aMjaliAsaNadANaM ca atihipUjA ya / logANuvittiviNao devadapUyA savihaveNa // bhAsAvitti chaMdANuvattaNaM desakAladANaM ca / lokAvittiviNao.'' 5. aMjalikaraNaM ca atthakade - vahI 7 / 85. 6-7. emeva kAmataMte bhayaviNao ceva ANupunvIe - vahI 7186. --mUlAcAra 7184-85.

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mUlaguNa : 111 5. mokSa vinaya-isa vinaya ke pAMca bheda haiM : darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa aura aupacArika / vinaya tapa ke prasaMga meM bhI inhIM pA~ca bhedoM kA varNana hai / mokSavinaya ke ina pAMca bhedoM kA vivecana prastuta hai 1. darzana vinaya-jinendra dvArA upadiSTa zrutajJAna meM varNita dravya-paryAyoM meM dRr3ha rahanA darzana vinaya hai / 3 2. jJAna vinaya-jJAna ko sIkhanA, cintavana karanA, jJAna kA paropadeza karanA, jJAnAnusAra nyAyapUrvaka pravRtti karanA-ye saba jJAna vinayI ke lakSaNa haiM / kahA bhI hai ki jJAnI mokSa ko jAtA hai, vahI pApoM kA tyAga karatA hai, vahI navIna karmoM kA grahaNa nahIM karatA aura vahI jJAna ke dvArA cAritra kA pAlana karatA hai ataH jJAna meM vinaya aura usakA pAlana karanA jJAna vinaya hai|" jJAna vinaya ke ATha bheda haiM-1. kAlavinaya-arthAt kAla zuddhipUrvaka dvAdazAMgoM kA adhyayana karanA, 2. vinayarUpa jJAna vinaya : arthAt hasta-pAda sApha karake padmAsanapUrvaka adhyayana karanA, 3. upadhAna vinaya-avagraha vizeSa se par3hanA, 4. bahumAna vinaya-grantha aura guru kA Adara evaM unake guNoM kI stuti karanA, 5. anihnava vinaya-zAstra aura guru ko na chipAnA, 6. vyaMjana zuddha-vinaya, 7. arthazuddha vinaya aura 8. vyaMjanArthobhaya zuddha vinaya / / 3. cAritra-vinaya-indriya aura kaSAya ke praNidhAna yA pariNAma kA tyAga tathA gupti, samiti Adi cAritra ke aMgoM kA pAlana karanA cAritra vinaya hai / isa vinaya meM tatpara muni purAnI karmaraja ko naSTa karake navIna karmoM kA bandha nahIM krtaa| 1. daMsaNaNANa caritte tapaviNao ovacArio ceva / mokkhamhi esa viNao paMcaviho hodi NAyavvo / / mUlAcAra 787. 2. vahI 5 / 167. 3. mUlAcAra 7 / 88. 4. NANaM sikkha di NANaM guNediNANaM parassa uvdisdi| NANeNa kuNadi NAyaM NANaviNIdo havadi eso / vahI 51171. 5. NANI gacchadi NANI vaMcadi NANI NavaM ca NAdiyadi / NANeNa kuNadi caraNaM tamhA NANe have viNao // vahI 7 / 89. 6. kAle viNae uvahANe bahumANe taheva'NiNhavaNe / vaMjaNaatthatadubhayaM viNao NANamhi aTThaviho / / -vahI 5 / 170, bhagavatI ArAdhanA 113. 7. vahI 5 / 172, bhagavatI ArAdhanA 115. 8. vahI 7 / 90.

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112 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 4. tapa-vinaya-saMyama rUpa uttaraguNoM meM udyama karanA, zrama va parISahoM ko acchI taraha sahana karanA, yathAyogya Avazyaka kriyAoM meM hAni-vRddhi na hone denA, tapa tathA tapojyeSTha zramaNoM meM bhakti rakhanA aura choTe tapasviyoM, cAritradhArI muniyoM kI avahelanA na karanA tapa-vinaya hai / yaha AtmA ke aMdhakAra ko dUra kara, use mokSa-mArga kI ora le jAtA hai isase buddhi niyamita (sthira) hotI hai| 5 aupacArika vinaya : ratnatraya ke dhAraka zramaNa ke anukUla bhaktipUrvaka pravRtti karanA aupacArika vinaya hai| guru Adi kA yathAyogya vinaya karanA bhI upacAra vinaya hai / isa vinaya ke kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika ye tIna bheda isa prakAra haiN| (1) kAyika aupacArika vinaya : AcAryAdi gurujanoM ko Ate dekha AdarapUrvaka Asana se uThanA, kRtikarma arthAt zruta aura gurubhakti pUrvaka kAyotsarga Adi karanA, mastaka se namana arthAt RSiyoM ko aMjuli jor3akara namana karanA, unake Ane para sAtha jAnA, unake pIche khar3e honA, prasthAna ke samaya unake pIche-pIche calanA, unase nIce vAmapArzva kI ora baiThanA, unase nIce vAmapArzva kI ora se gamana karanA, unase nIce Asana para sonA, Asana, pustakAdi upakaraNa, Thaharane ke lie prAsuka giri-guhAdi khojakara denA, unake zarIra bala ke pratirUpa zarIra kA saMsparzana mardana karanA, kAlAnusAra kriyA arthAt uSNa kAla meM zIta tathA zIta kAla meM uSNa kriyA karane kA prayatna karanA, Adeza kA pAlana karanA, saMstara bichAnA tathA prAtaH evaM sAyaM pustaka, kamaNDalu Adi upakaraNoM kA pratilekhana (zodhana) karanA-ityAdi prakAra se apane zarIra ke dvArA yathAyogya upakAra karanA kAyika upacAra vinaya hai / uparyukta lakSaNa ke AdhAra para kAyika aupacArika vinaya ke sAta bheda hai1. abhyutthAna-AcArya Adi gurujanoM ke Ane para AdarapUrvaka uThanA, 2. sannatimastaka se namana karanA, 3. AsanadAna, 4. anupradAna-pustakAdi denA, 5. kRtikarma pratirUpa : siddha, zruta aura guru bhakti pUrvaka yathAyogya kAyotsarga karanA, 6. AsanatyAga aura 7. anuvrajana arthAt pIche-pIche calanA yA gamana kAla meM kucha dUra taka sAtha jaanaa| 1. mUlAcAra 5 / 173. 2. vahI 5 / 174, bhagavatI ArAdhanA 117. 3. vahI 7 / 91. 4. kArtikeyAnuprekSA 458. 5. mUlAcAra 5 / 175, 184. 6. vahI 5 / 176-179, bhagavatI ArAdhanA 119-122. 7. mUlAcAra 5 / 184-185, anagAradharmAmRta 7171.

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mUlaguNa : 113 (2) vAcika aupacArika vinaya : pUjyabhAva rUpa bahuvacana yukta, hita, mita aura madhura, sUtrAnuvIci (AgamAnukUla), aniSThura, akarkaza, upazAMta agRhastha (bandhana, tAr3ana, pIDana Adi rahita) akriya aura alIhana (apamAnarahita) vacana bolanA vAcika upacAra vinaya hai|' isa lakSaNa ke AdhAra para isake hita, mita, parimita (sakAraNa) aura anuvIci (AgamAnukUla) bhASaNa karanA ye-cAra bheda haiM / (3) mAnasika aupacArika vinaya : hiMsAdi pApa aura vizruti rUpa samyaktva kI virAdhanA ke pariNAmoM kA tyAga karanA tathA priya aura hita pariNAmayukta honA mAnasika upacAra vinaya hai| isa lakSaNa ke AdhAra para isake bhI akuzalamananirodha aura kuzalamanaHpravRtti ye do bheda haiN|" kundakunda kRta0 mUlAcAra meM inhIM bhedoM kA azubhamanaHsannirodha aura zubhamanaHsaMkalpa nAma se ullekha kiyA gayA hai| aupacArika vinaya ke uparyukta tInoM bhedoM meM se pratyeka ke pratyakSa aura parokSa-ye do-do upabheda bhI hote haiN| uparyukta sabhI prakAra kI vinaya kA apramattabhAva se rAjyadhika muniyoM arthAt dIkSA, zruta aura tapa inameM jyeSTha muniyoM ke prati UnarAtrika muniyoM meM arthAt tapa, guNa evaM vaya meM choTe yogya muniyoM tathA AyikAoM, gRhasthoM (zrAvakoM) ke prati sAdhu ko yathAyogya pAlana kara nA cAhie / isa prakAra vaTTakera ne vaMdanA Avazyaka ke prasaMga meM vinayakarma kA vistata bheda-prabhedoM ke sAtha varNana kiyA hai / prasaMgAnusAra vinaya kI ucca mahimA kA varNana bhI kiyA hai| yaha jinazAsana kA mUla hai| isI se saMyama, tapa aura jAna hotA hai| vinayahIna vyakti ko dharma aura tapa kaise ho sakatA hai ? jisa prakAra ghUghaTa strI kI sundaratA ko bar3hA detA hai usI prakAra vinaya kI chAyA manuSya ke sadguNoM ko aura adhika uttama banA detI hai| vinayavAn zramaNa kalaha 1. mUlAcAra 5 / 180-181, bhagavatI ArAdhanA 123-124. 2. vahI 5 / 186. 3. vahI 5 / 182, bhagavatI ArAdhanA 115. 4. vahI 5 / 186. 5. kunda0 mUlAcAra 5 / 209. 7. so puNa samvo duviho paccakkho taha parokkho ya / mUlAcAra 5 / 175. 8. rAdiNie UNarAdiNiesu a ajjAsu ceva gihivagge / viNao jahArio so kAyanvo appamattaNa // mUlAcAra 5 / 187. 9. viNao sAsaNamUlo viNayAdo saMjamo tavo NANaM / viNayeNa vippahUNassa kudodhammo kudo ya tavo / kunda0 mUlAcAra 7 / 104.

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114 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana aura saMkleza pariNAmoM se rahita, niSkapaTI, nirabhimAnI aura nirlobhI hotA hai / vaha guru kI sevA karane tathA sabhI ko sukha dene vAlA hotA hai / " usakI kIrti aura maitrI bar3hatI hI rahatI hai kyoMki usameM mAna kA zIlavAn vyakti ke vinayayukta bhASaNa se satya meM adhika tejasvitA AtI hai / uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM vinayavAn ziSya ke anekoM utkRSTa guNoM kA varNana milatA hai / 3 dazakAlika sUtra ke navama vinaya samAdhi adhyayana meM bhI vinaya kI vizeSa mahattA aura carcA hai / ataH zramaNa ko ki sabhI prayatnoM se vinaya kA pAlana karate hue lakSyasiddhi meM tatpara rahanA cAhie | kyoMki alpajJAnI puruSa bhI vinayakarma se apane karmoM kA kSaya karatA hai / " vinayakarma ke sabhI bheda-prabhedoM ko cArTa dvArA isa prakAra samajhA jA sakatA hai / lokAnuvRttivinaya arthanimittaka vinaya kAmataMtravinaya bhayavinaya mokSavinaya T darzana kAyika vinayakarma jJAna 1 hita cAritra T 1 kAla jJAna upadhAna bahumAna anihnava vyaMjanazuddha arthazuddha vyaMjanArthobhayazuddha vAcika 2 abhAva hotA hai / 1. mUlAcAra 5 / 190, bhagavatI ArAdhanA 130. 2 . vahI 5 / 191, vahI 131. 4. dazavaikAlika 9 / 1 / 1-2. tapa mita parimita anumita akuzala- kuzalamanaH pravRtti mana-nirodha abhyutthAna sannati AsanadAna anupradAna pratirUpa kRtikarma AsanatyAga anuvrajana aupacArika 3. uttarAdhyayana 11 / 10-13. 5. mUlAcAra 7 / 92. mAnasika

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mUlaguNa : 115 4 pratikramaNa : sAmAnyataH zramaNa jisa kriyA ke dvArA kie hue doSoM, aparAdhoM evaM pApoM kA prakSAlana karake zuddha hotA hai vaha pratikramaNa (paDikkamaNa) kahalAtA hai| ataH pramAdapUrvaka kiye gaye' atItakAlIna doSoM kA nirAkaraNa karanA pratikramaNa hai / 2 mUlAcArakAra ke anusAra dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvapUrvaka kiye hue aparAdhoM (doSoM) kA mana, vacana aura kAya se niMdA (AtmAlocana yA apanI bhUloM ke prati anAdara kA bhAva prakaTa karanA) aura gardA (guru Adi ke samakSa apanI bhaloM ko prakaTa karanA) ke dvArA zodhana karanA pratikramaNa hai / arthAt AhAra, zarIra, zayanAsana, gamanAgamana aura cittavRtti dvArA dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ke Azraya se vratoM meM hue atItakAlIna aparAdhoM kA nindA evaM garhApUrvaka zodhana karanA arthAt doSoM kA parityAga karanA pratikramaNa hai / / AcArya hemacandra ne kahA hai-sAvadya (pApa) pravRtti meM jitane Age bar3ha gaye the utane hI pIche haTakara punaH zubhayoga rUpa sva-sthAna meM apane Apako lauTA lAnA pratikramaNa hai| AcArya bhadravAha ne pratikramaNa ke paryAyavAcI ATha nAma batAye haiM -(1) pratikramaNaH-sAvadha yoga se virata hokara Atmazuddhi meM lauTa AnA, (2) praticaraNAhiMsA, satya Adi saMyama meM samyak rUpa se vicaranA, (3) pariharaNA : sabhI taraha ke azubha yogoM kA tyAga, (4) vAraNA : viSaya-bhogoM se svayaM ko rokanA, (5) nivRttiH azubha pravRtti se nivRtta honA, (6) nindA : pUrvakRta azubha AcaraNa ke lie pazcAtApa karanA, (7) gardA : AcArya, guru Adi ke samakSa apane aparAdhoM kI niMdA karanA aura (8) zuddhi : kRta doSoM kI AlocanA, niMdA, gardA tathA tapazcaraNa ke dvArA Atmazuddhi krnaa| pratikramaNa ke aMga : pratikramaNa ke tIna aMga haiM : 1. pratikrAmaka arthAt 1. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 367. 2. atItakAladoSaniharaNaM pratikramaNam / mUlAcAra vRtti 1 / 27. 3. dave khete kAle bhAve ya kayAvarAhasohaNayaM / jiMdaNagarahaNajutto maNavacakAyeNa paDikkamaNaM / / mUlAcAra 1126 4. zrAvaka dharma saMhitA : pRSTha 177. 5. pratIpaM kramaNaM-pratikramaNaM / zubha yogebhyo'zubhayogAntaraM krAntasya zubheSu eva kramaNAt pratIpaM kramaNam-yogazAstra, tRtIya prakAza. 6. Avazyaka niyukti gAthA-1233. 7. paDikamao paDikamaNaM paDikamidavva ca hodi NAdavvaM / edesi patteyaM parUvaNA hodi tiNhapi / / mUlAcAra 7 / 117.

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116 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pramAdAdi se lage hue doSoM se nivRtta hone vAlA' athavA jo dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva viSayaka aticAroM se nivRtta hotA hai vaha (sAdhu) pratikrAmaka kahalAtA hai / isa dRSTi se jIva pratikrAmaka huA / 2 2. pratikramaNa : paMcamahAvratAdi meM hue aticAroM se nivRtta hokara mahAvratoM kI nirmalatA meM punaH praviSTa hone vAle jIva ke usa pariNAma kA nAma pratikramaNa hai / athavA jisa pariNAma se jIva cAritra meM lage aticAroM ko haTAkara cAritra zuddhi meM pravRtta ho, jIva kA vaha pariNAma pratikramaNa hai| 3. pratikramitavya : bhAva, gRha Adi kSetra, divasa, muhUrtAdi doSajanaka kAla tathA sacitta, acitta evaM mizra rUpa dravya, jo pApAtrava ke kAraNa hoM ve saba pratikramitavya (tyAga ke yoga) hai| pratikramaNa ke bheda : mUlAcArakAra ne pratikramaNa ke mUlataH bhAvapratikramaNa aura dravya-pratikramaNa-ye do bheda kiye haiN| inameM (1) bhAvapratikramaNa : mithyAtva, asaMyama, kaSAya aura aprazastayoga-ina sabakI AlocanA, (guru ke sammukha apane dvArA kiye aparAdhoM kA nivedana karanA), nindA aura gardA ke dvArA pratikramaNa karake aura punaH doSa meM pravRtta na hone vAle ko bhAvapratikramaNa hotA hai / zeSa ko dravya pratikramaNa kahA jAtA hai / bhAvayukta zramaNa hI jina aticAroM ke nAzArtha pratikramaNa sUtra bolatA-sunatA hai, vaha sAdhu vipula nirjarA karatA huA, sabhI doSoM kA nAza karatA hai, aura vastutaH vacana-racanA mAtra ko tyAgakara jo sAdhu rAgAdi bhAvoM ko dUra karake AtmA ko dhyAtA hai, usI ke (pAramArthika) pratikramaNa hotA hai|' (2) dravya pratikramaNa : uparyukta vidhi se jo apane doSa parihAra nahIM karatA aura sUtramAtra se suna letA hai, nindA, goM se dUra rahatA hai to usakA dravya pratikramaNa hotA hai| kyoMki vizuddha pariNAma rahita hokara dravyIbhUta doSa yukta mana se jina doSoM ke nAzArtha pratikramaNa kiyA jAtA hai, ve doSa naSTa nahIM hote / ataH use dravya-pratikramaNa kahate haiN|deg dravya sAmAyika kI taraha dravya pratikramaNa ke bhI Agama aura noAgama Adi bheda prabheda kiye jA sakate haiN| 1. mUlAcAra vRtti 7 / 117. 2. jIvo du paDikkamao danve khette ya kAla bhAve ya / mUlAcAra 7 / 118. 3. vahI 7 / 118, tathA 7 / 117 ko vRtti. 4. vahI 7 / 119. 5. vahI 7 / 12.. 6. vahI 7 / 126. 7. vahI 7 / 128. 8. niyamasAra 83. 9. sesaM puNa davvato bhaNioM / mUlAcAra 7 / 126. 10. vahI : 7 / 127.

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mUlaguNa : 117 nikSepa dRSTi se pratikramaNa ke chaha bheda haiM / ' 1. ayogya nAmoccAraNa se nivRtta honaa| athavA pratikramaNa daMDaka ke zabdoM kA uccAraNa karanA nAma pratikramaNa hai| 2. sarAga sthApanAoM se apane pariNAmoM ko haTAnA sthApanA pratikramaNa hai| 3. sAvadya dravya sevana ke pariNAmoM ko haTAnA dravya pratikramaNa hai / 4. kSetra ke Azraya se hone vAle aticAroM se nivRtta honA kSetra pratikramaNa hai / 5. kAla ke Azraya yA nimitta se hone vAle aticAroM se nivRtta honA kAla pratikramaNa hai / tathA 6. rAga-dveSa, krodhAdi se utpanna aticAroM se nivRtta honA bhAva pratikramaNa hai| kAlika AdhAra para pratikramaNa ke sAta bheda ye haiM 1. daivasika : sampUrNa dina meM hue aticAroM kI AlocanA pratyeka sandhyA karanA / 2. rAtrika : sampUrNa rAtri meM hue aticAroM kI pratidina ke prAtaH AlocanA karanA / 3. IryApatha : AhAra, guruvaMdana, zoca Adi jAte samaya SaTkAya ke jIvoM ke prati hue aticAroM se nivRtti / 4. pAkSika : sampUrNa pakSa meM lage doSoM kI nivRtti ke lie amAvasyA evaM pUrNimA ko unakI AlocanA krnaa| 5. cAturmAsika : cAra mAha meM hue aticAroM kI nivRtti hetu kArtika. phAlguna evaM ASAr3ha mAha kI pUrNimA ko vicArapUrvaka AlocanA karanA / 6. sAMvatsarika : varSa bhara ke aticAroM kI nivatti hetu pratyeka varSa ASAr3ha mAha ke anta meM caturdazI yA pUrNimA ke dina cintanapUrvaka AlocanA karanA / 7. auttamArtha : yAvajjIvana cAra prakAra ke AhAroM se nivRtta honA auttamArtha pratikramaNa hai| isake antargata jIvanaparyanta sabhI prakAra ke aticAroM kA bhI tyAga ho jAtA hai| / pratikramaNa ke uparyukta bhedoM ke AdhAra para loga prAyaH eka prazna karate haiM ki jaba daivasika aura rAtrika pratikramaNa karane se pratidina ke aticAroM kI nivatti ho jAtI hai taba pAkSika, cAturmAsika aura sAMvatsarika Adi pratikramaNa karane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? kintu isake uttara meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki pratidina pratikramaNa karane ke bAda bhI kucha aticAroM kA pramArjana zeSa raha jAtA hai, usake lie pAkSika, cAturmAsika aura sAMvatsarika-ina pratikramaNoM kA vidhAna kiyA hai| inameM bhI jo aticAra chUTa gaye unake tyAga ke lie auttamArtha pratikramaNa hai| 1. mUlAcAra : 7 / 115, vRttisahita, bhagavatI ArAdhanA vi0 TI0 116. 3. paDikamaNaM devasiyaM rAdiya iriyApadhaM ca bodhavvaM / pakkhiyaM cAdummAsiya saMvaccharamuttamaDheM ca // mUlAcAra 7 / 116.

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118 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana uparyukta sAta bhedoM ke atirikta bhI mUlAcAra ke saMkSepa-pratyAkhyAnasaMstarastava nAmaka tRtIya adhikAra meM ArAdhanA (maraNasamAdhi) kAla ke tIna pratikramaNoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / 1. sarvAticAra-dIkSA grahaNa kAla se lekara sampUrNa tapazcaraNa kAla meM hue samasta aticAroM kA pratikramaNa (tyAga), 2. trividha AhAra kA pratikramaNa-jala ke atirikta azana, khAdya aura svAdya-ina tIna prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga, 3. uttamArtha pratikramaNa-jIvana paryanta pAnakajala Adi kA bhI tyAga / yaha pratikramaNa uttama artha (mokSa) ke lie hotA hai / uttamArtha pratikramaNa se tAtparya hai bAhya tathA abhyAntara parigraha, AhAra aura zarIra se mamatva kA jIvana paryanta ke lie tyAga karanA / __ mUlAcAravRtti meM AcArya vasunandi ne ArAdhanAzAstra ke AdhAra para yoga, indriya, zarIra aura kaSAya-ina cAra pratikramaNoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / mama, vacana aura kAya-ina tIna yogoM kA tyAga yoga-pratikramaNa hai / paMcendriyoM ke viSayoM kA tyAga indriya-pratikramaNa hai / audArika vaikriyaka, AhAraka, taijasa aura kArmANa-ina pA~ca zarIroM kA tyAga (apane zarIra ko kRza karanA) zarIra-pratikramaNa evaM anantAnubaMdhI Adi solaha kaSAyoM kA, hAsya, rati Adi nau nokaSAyoM kA tyAga karanA kaSAya pratikramaNa hai / uparyukta tIna yogoM ke hI sambandha se aparAjitasUri ne pratikramaNa ke tIna bheda kiye haiM-1. kiye hue aticAroM kA mana se tyAga karanA tathA hA ! maiMne pApa-karma kiyA. aisA mana meM vicAra karanA manaHpratikramaNa hai / 2. pratikramaNa ke sUtroM kA uccAraNa karanA vAkya-pratikramaNa hai / tathA 3. zarIra ke dvArA duSkRtya na karanA kAya-pratikramaNa hai|" pratikramaNa kI vidhi : AcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai-jo vacana racanA ko chor3akara, rAgAdibhAvoM kA nivAraNa karake AtmA ko dhyAtA hai; use pratikramaNa hotA hai| kyoMki-pratikramaNa vratoM ke aticAroM ko dUra karane kA mahatvapUrNa upAya hai / isake dvArA jIva svIkRta vratoM ke chidroM ko DhaMka letA hai aura zuddhavrata 1. paDhamaM savvadicAraM bidiyaM tivihaM have paDikkamaNaM / pANasya pariccayaNaM jAvajjIvAya uttamaDheM ca // mUlAcAra 3 / 120. 2. vahI, vRtti 3 / 120. 3. mUlAcAra 3 / 114. 4. mUlAcAra vRtti0 3 / 120. 5. bhagavatI ArAdhanA vijayodayA TIkA gAthA 509 pRSTha 728. 6. mottUNa vayaNarayaNaM rAgAdIbhAvavAraNaM kiccaa| appANaM jo jhAyadi tassa du hodi tti paDikamaNaM // niyamasAra 83.

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mUlaguNa : 119 ghArI hokara karmAsravoM kA nirodha karatA huA vaha zuddha cAritra kA pAlana aura aSTapravacana-mAtA ke ArAdhana meM sAvadhAna tathA saMyama rUpa sanmArga meM eka-rasa ho jAtA hai aura samyak samAdhistha hokara vicaraNa karatA hai|' vastutaH sabhI pratikramaNa AlocanApUrvaka hote haiM, taba usase doSazuddhi hotI hai| isakI vidhi isa prakAra hai-sarvaprathama vinayakarma karake, zarIra, Asana Adi kA picchikA se pramAjana va netra se dekhabhAla kara zuddhi kre| isake bAda aMjuli chor3akara Rddhi Adi gaurava tathA jAti Adi sabhI taraha ke mAna chor3akara vratoM meM hue aticAroM ko guru ke samakSa nivedana karanA cAhie / AcArya ke samakSa aparAdhoM kA nivedana nityaprati karanA cAhie / Aja nahIM, dUsare yA tIsare dina aparAdhoM ko kahU~gA ityAdi rUpa meM TAlate hue kAlakSepa karanA ThIka nhiiN| ataH jaise-jaise mAyA ke rUpa meM aticAra utpanna hoM, unheM anukrama se AlocanA, nindA aura gardApUrvaka vinaSTa karake punaH una aparAdhoM ko nahIM karanA caahie| aura jaba pApakarma karane para pratikramaNa karanA Avazyaka hai taba isase acchA to yahI hai ki vaha pApakarma hI na kiyA jaay| dharmakathA Adi meM vighna kA koI kAraNa upasthita hone para yadi koI muni apane sthira yogoM ko bhUla jAya taba sarvaprathama AlocanA karake saMvega aura vairAgya meM tatpara rhe| choTe aparAdha ke samaya yadi guru samopa na hoM taba vaisI avasthA meM-'maiM phira aisA kabhI na karU~gA, merA pApa mithyA ho-' isa prakAra pratikramaNa kara lenA caahie| jisa prakAra mithyAtva kA pratikramaNa karate haiM usI taraha asaMyama, krodhAdi kaSAyoM evaM azubha yogoM kA pratikramaNa karanA caahie| isa taraha daivasika, rAtrika Adi ina saba niyamoM ko pUrNakara dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna karanA cAhie / AlocanAbhakti karate samaya kAyotsarga, pratikramaNabhakti karane meM kAyotsarga, vIrabhakti meM kAyotsarga, aura caturvizati tIrthakarabhakti kAyotsarga-pratikramaNa kAla meM ye cAra kRtikarma karane kA vidhAna hai| 1. uttarAdhyayana 29 / 12. 2. sarva pratikramaNamAlocanApUrvakameva / -tattvArthakArtika 9 / 22 / 4. 3. mUlAcAra 73121. 4. uppaNNo uppaNNA mAyA ANupuvvaso NihaMtavvA / AlocaNaNidaNagarahaNAhiM Na puNo tiaM vidizaM / / mUlAcAra 7 / 125. 5. Avazyaka niyukti bhAga 1, gAthA 684. 6. cAritrasAra 141 / 4. 7. mUlAcAra 7120. 8. vahI 7 / 168. 9. vahI 7 / 103.

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120 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pratikramaNa kI paramparA : caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke saMgha meM pratikramaNa ke vidhAna kI paramparA kA mUlAcArakAra ne ullekha karate hue likhA hai ki-prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva aura antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane ziSyoM ko aticAra (doSa) lage yA na lage kintu doSoM ko vizuddhi ke lie samayAnusAra pratikramaNa karane kA upadeza diyA, kintu madhya ke bAIsa tIrthakaroM arthAt dvitIya tIrthaMkara ajitanAtha se lekara teIsaveM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha ne aparAdha hone para hI pratikramaNa karane kA upadeza diyA aura kahA ki jisa vrata meM svayaM yA anya sAdhu ko aticAra ho usa doSa ke nAzArtha use pratikramaNa karanA caahie| kyoMki madhyavartI bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke ziSya dRr3ha buddhizAlI, ekAgramanavAle, prekSApUrvakArI, aticAroM ko gardA evaM jugupsA karane vAle tathA zuddha-caritra hote the| kintu prathama aura antima tIrthaMkaroM ke ziSya caMcala cittavAle, mohI tathA jar3a buddhivAle hote the| ataH IryApatha, AhAragamana, svapnAdi meM kisI bhI samaya aticAra hone yA na hone para bhI unheM sabhI niyamoM evaM pratikramaNa ke sabhI daNDakoM ke uccAraNa kA upadeza diyaa| mUlAcArakAra ne isake sambandha meM andhalakaghoTaka (andhe ghor3e) kA dRSTAnta isa prakAra diyA hai| kisI rAjA kA ghor3A andhA ho gyaa| rAjA ne use upacAra hetu vaidya ke yahA~ bhejA kintu vaidya dUsare gA~va gayA thaa| vaidya ke putra se usakI davA ke lie kahA kintu use davA Adi kA vizeSa kucha bhI jJAna na thaa| phira bhI ati AvazyakatAvaza usane ghor3e kI A~khoM para kramazaH sabhI davAoM kA prayoga kiyA aura kisI davA ke prayoga se acAnaka hI ghor3e kI A~kheM acchI ho giiN| Thoka isI andhalakaghoTaka nyAya rUpa dRSTAnta kI taraha eka aticAra ke hone yA na hone para bhI pratikramaNa ke sabhI daNDakoM ke uccAraNa kA vidhAna kiyA gayA tAki kisI eka para mana sthira ho jAne se doSoM kA pramArjana ho jAya / / ___arthAt vaidyaputra kI taraha muni kA mana jaba eka pratikramaNa daNDaka meM sthira nahIM hotA ho to yaha socakara sabhI pratikramaNa daNDakoM kA uccAraNa karanA cAhie ki eka ke uccAraNa meM nahIM to dUsare ke uccAraNa meM mana sthira hogA dUsare meM nahIM to tIsare meM, tIsare meM nahIM to cauthe meN| isa taraha sabhI pratikramaNa-daNDaka karma-kSaya meM samartha hone se sabhI pratikramaNa daNDakoM ke uccAraNa meM koI virodha nahIM hai| isI vidhAna ke anusAra Aja taka sabhI muniyoM evaM . 1. mUlAcAra 7 / 129-133. 2. purimacarimAdu jahmA calacittA ceva mohalakkhA ya / to savvapaDikkamaNaM aMdhalayaghoDaya diTuMto / mUlAcAra 7 / 133.

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mUlaguNa : 121 AyikAoM Adi ko nitya pratikramaNa karane kI paramparA nirantara calI A rahI hai| pratikramaNa Avazyaka ke antargata hI mUlAcAra meM dasa muMDoM kA bhI vivecana kiyA hai / dasa muNDa' isa taraha hai : sparza, rasana, ghrANa, cakSa aura zrotra ina pA~ca indriyoM ko sva-sva viSayoM meM pravRtta na hone denA-ye pA~ca indriyamuMDa tathA vacomuMDa-aprastuta bhASaNa na karanA / hastamuMDa-aprastuta kAryoM meM hAtha na phailAnA, use saMkucita rakhanA, pAdamuMDa-ayogya kArya meM pairoM ko pravRtta na hone denA / manomuMDa-mana ke pApapUrNa vicAroM ko naSTa karanA tathA tanumuNDa-zarIra ko azubha pApakArya meM pravRtta na hone denaa| ina dasa muNDoM se AtmA pApa meM pravRtta nahIM hotI ataH usa AtmA ko muNDadhArI kahate haiM / 2 ___ isa taraha zramaNAcAra meM pratikramaNa kA apanA viziSTa sthAna hai| yaha SaDAvazyakoM ke antargata hote hue bhI apanI atyadhika mahattA ke kAraNa Ajakala pratikramaNa 'Avazyaka' zabda kA paryAyavAcI bana gayA hai| arthAt 'Avazyaka' zabda kA prayoga na karake bhI chahoM AvazyakoM ke lie 'pratikramaNa' zabda kA prayoga hone lagA hai| itanA hI nahIM kucha arvAcIna granthoM taka meM 'pratikramaNa' zabda sAmAnya 'Avazyaka' ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| 5 pratyAkhyAna : pramAdapUrvaka kiye gaye bhUtakAlIna doSoM kA prakSAlana pratikramaNa kahalAtA hai tathA bhaviSyakAla ke prati maryAdA ke sAtha azubhayoga se nivRtti tathA zubhayoga meM pravRtti kA AkhyAna (pratijJA) karanA pratyAkhyAna (paccakkhANa) hai / tapa ke lie nirdoSa vastu kA tyAga karanA bhI pratyAkhyAna hai / arthAt ayogya dravya kA parihAra karanA athavA tapa meM bAdhaka yogya dravyoM kA bhI tyAga karanA pratyAkhyAna hai|" mUlAcAra ke anusAra nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva-ina chaha nikSepoM ke viSaya meM zubha mana, vacana aura kAya ke dvArA anAgata aura vartamAna kAla ke lie doSoM kA tyAga karanA pratyAkhyAna hai| AcArya kundakunda ne niyamasAra meM 1. paMcavi iMdiyamuMDA vacamuMDA hatthapAyamaNamuMDA / taNubhuDeNa vi sahiyA dasamuMDA vaNiyA samae |muulaacaar 3 // 121. 2. vahI vRtti0 3 / 121. 3. de0-dharmasaMgraha-pratikramaNa vidhi Adi. 4. mUlAcAra vRtti 1 / 27. 5. anAgataM cAnupasthitaM ca athavA anAgate dUreNAgate kAle (dUre bhaviSyatikAle) -vhii| 6. NAmAdINaM chaNhaM ajogaparavajjaNaM tiyaraNeNa / paccakkhANaM NeyaM aNAgayaM cAgame kAle ||muulaacaar 1 / 27.

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122 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana likhA hai ki samasta vAcanika vikalpoM kA tyAga karake tathA anAgata zubhAzubha kA nivAraNa karake jo sAdhu AtmA ko dhyAtA hai, use pratyAkhyAna Avazyaka hotA hai / ' samayasAra ke anusAra bhaviSyat-kAla kA zubha va azubha karma jisa bhAva meM banatA hai, usa bhAva se jo AtmA nivRtta hotA hai vaha pratyAkhyAna yukta AtmA hai| isa taraha jo AtmA samasta karmajanita vAsanAoM se rahita AtmA ko dekhatA hai, unake pApAgamana ke kAraNabhUta bhAvoM kA tyAga pratyAkhyAna hai / vastutaH pratyAkhyAna zabda tattva ke dvArA jAnakara hetupUrvaka niyama karane ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai| cAhe hama kisI vastu kA bhoga bhale hI na kareM, yadi pratyAkhyAna nahIM kiyA ho to vaha tyAga phaladAyaka nahIM hotA / kyoMki hamane tattvarUpa se icchA kA nirodha nahIM kiyaa| pratyAkhyAna rUpa meM niyama na karane se apanI icchA khulI rahatI hai / yadi pratyAkhyAna ho to svAbhAvika rUpa se doSa ke hetuoM kI ora dRSTi karane taka kI icchA nahIM hotii| isake viparIta pratyAkhyAna na karane vAlA puruSa vivekahIna hone ke kAraNa satat karmabaMdha karatA rahatA hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM isake viSaya meM eka udAharaNa isa prakAra ullikhita hai ki kisI vadha karane vAle (vadhaka) ne socA ki usa gRhastha athavA gRhasthaputra yA rAjA kI hatyA karanA hai| pahale so jAU~, phira uThakara avasara pAte hI usakI hatyA kruuNgaa| isa prakAra ke saMkalpa vAlA badhaka puruSa cAhe soyA huA ho yA jAgA huA ho, cala rahA ho yA baiThA ho-usake mana meM niraMtara hatyA kI bhAvanA vidyamAna hone se vaha to kisI bhI samaya hatyA kI bhAvanA ko kAryarUpa meM pariNata kara sakatA hai| apanI isa sAvadha manovRtti ke kAraNa vaha nirantara pratikSaNa karmabandha karatA rahatA hai| ataH sAdhaka vyakti ko sAvadyayoga kA pratyAkhyAna atyAvazyaka hai / isase jitane aMza meM sAvadhavRtti kA tyAga kiyA jAtA haiM, utane aza meM karmabaMdhana ruka jAtA hai| isa dRSTi se pratyAkhyAna Avazyaka niravadyAnuSThAna rUpa hone se Atma zuddhi ke lie sAdhaka hai| pratyAkhyAna ke tIna aMga : pratyAkhyAna ke pratyAkhyAyaka, pratyAkhyAna aura pratyAkhyAtavya-ye tIna aMga haiN|"1. pratyAkhyAyaka se tAtparya saMyamayukta jIva hai / 1. mottUNa sayalajappamaNAgayasuhamasuhavAraNaM kiccA / appANaM jo jhAyadi, paccakkhANaM have tassa / niyamasAra 95, 2. samayasAra 384. 3. yogasAra 5 / 51. 4. sUtrakRtAMga dvitIyazrutaskandha caturthAdhyayana didruta evaM uvaNaya padaM pR0 451. 5. paccakkhAo paccakkhANaM paccakkhiyavvamevaM tu / tIde paccuppaNNe aNAgade ceva kAlami // mUlAcAra 7 / 136.

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mUlaguNa : 123 arthAt jo zramaNa guru ke upadeza, arhad kI AjJA tathA samyak vivekapUrvaka doSoM ke svarUpa ko jAnakara unakA sAkAra ( savikalpa ) aura nirAkAra ( nirvikalpa ) rUpa se pratikramaNa (pUrNa tyAga) karatA hai tathA usakA grahaNakAla, madhyakAla aura samApti kAla meM dRr3hatApUrvaka pAlana karatA hai, usa dhairyavAn AtmA ko pratyAkhyAyaka kahate haiM / " 2 pratyAkhyAna se tAtparya tyAga ke pariNAma se hai / arthAt jina pariNAmoM se tapa ke lie sAvadya yA niravadya dravya kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai / anna, vastra Adi bAhya dravyarUpa vastuoM kA tyAga tathA ajJAna, asaMyama Adi ke tyAga dvArA bhAvapUrvaka aura bhAvatyAga ke uddezya se honA cAhie / 3. pratyAkhyAtavya se tAtparya tyAga yogya parigraha arthAt sacitta, acitta aura mizra evaM abhakSya bhojya AdirUpa vAhya upadhi tathA krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha rUpa antaraMga upadhi kA tyAga hai / 3 isa prakAra pratyAkhyAna ke ye tIna aMga haiM tathA bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna - ina tIna kAloM kI dRSTi se inake tIna-tIna bheda hai | - 4 pratyAkhyAna ke bheda : aparAjitamUri ne yoga ke sambandha se mana, vacana aura kAya kI dRSTi se pratyAkhyAna ke tIna bheda kiye haiM / 1. maiM aticAroM ko bhaviSyakAla meM nahIM karUMgA aisA mana se vicAra karanA manaHpratyAkhyAna hai / 2. bhaviSyakAla meM maiM aticAra nahIM karU~gA - aisA vacanoM dvArA kahanA vacana pratyAkhyAna hai / tathA 3. zarIra ke dvArA bhaviSyakAla meM aticAra nahIM karanA kAyapratyAkhyAna hai / " - anya AvazyakoM ke samAna nikSepa dRSTi se pratyAkhyAna ke bhI nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva- ye chaha bheda haiM / 1. ayogya nAma kA uccAraNa 'maiM nahIM karU~gA isa prakAra kA saMkalpa nAma pratyAkhyAna hai / 2. AptAbhAsa rUpa sarAgI devoM kI pratimAoM kI pUjA tathA trasa, sthAvara jIvoM kI sthApanA ko trividha rUpa se maiM pIr3ita nahIM karUMgA aisA mAnasika saMkalpa sthApanA pratyAkhyAna hai / 1. mUlAcAra 71137. 3. mUlAcAra 71138. 4. paccakhAo paccakkhANaM paJcakkhiyavvamevaM tu / tIde paccapaNe aNAgade ceva kAlami // vahI 7 / 136. bhagavatI ArAdhanA vijayodayA TIkA 509 pRSTha 728. 5. 6. vahI 1 / 27. 2. vahI 7 / 138.

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124 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 3. ayogya AhAra, upakaraNAdi padArthoM ke grahaNa na karane kA saMkalpa dravyapratyAkhyAna hai / 4. ayogya, aniSTa, prayojanotpAdaka saMyama kI hAni karane vAle, saMklezabhAvotpAdaka kSetroM ke tyAga kA saMkalpa kSetra pratyAkhyAna hai | 5. kAla kA tyAga zakya na ho sakane ke kAraNa usa kAla meM hone vAlI kriyAoM ke tyAga kA saMkalpa kAla pratyAkhyAna hai / 6. azubha pariNAma ke tyAga kA saMkalpa bhAva pratyAkhyAna hai, isake mUlaguNa pratyAkhyAna aura uttaraguNa pratyAkhyAna - ye do bheda haiM / " mUlAcArakAra ne pratyAkhyAna ke mUlaguNapratyAkhyAna aura uttaraguNapratyAkhyAnado bheda karake inake kSamaNAdi (AhAratyAgAdi) bhedoM kA saMketa mAtra kiyA hai| aura anta meM pratyAkhyAna ke dasa bhedoM kA vivecana kiyA hai / +- 1. mUlaguNa pratyAkhyAna - yaha yAvajjIvana ke lie grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / isake do bheda haiM: sarvamUlaguNa pratyAkhyAna (zramaNa ke pA~ca mahAvratAdi ) tathA dezamUlaguNa pratyAkhyAna (gRhasthoM ke pA~ca aNuvratAdi) / 2. uttaraguNa pratyAkhyAna - yaha pratidina evaM kucha dina ke lie upayogI hai / isake bhI do bheda haiM- pahalA hai sarvauttaraguNa pratyAkhyAna - arthAt jo sAdhu aura zrAvaka donoM ke lie hotA hai / isake anAgata, atikrAnta Adi dasa bheda haiM / dvitIya hai dezauttaraguNa pratyAkhyAna - -jo kevala zrAvakoM ke lie hai / tInaguNavrata aura cAra zikSAvrata inake antargata Ate haiM / 3 sarva uttaraguNa pratyAkhyAna ke nimnalikhita daza bheda granthakAra ne batAye haiM / " ( 1 ) anAgata - bhaviSyakAla viSayaka upavAsa Adi pahale kara lenA / yathAcaturdazI ko kiyA jAne vAlA upavAsa trayodazI ko karanA / 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA vijayodayATIkA gAthA 116 pRSTha 276-277. 2. mUlAcAra 7139, Avazyaka niyukti dIpikA gAthA 1557. 3. Avazyaka niyukti dIpikA 1555-1557. 4. aNAgadamadikaMta koDIsahidaM NikhaMDidaM ceva / sAgAramaNAgAraM parimANagadaM aparisesaM // addhANagadaM NavamaM dasamaM tu sahedugaM viyANahi / paccakkhANaviyappA NiruttijuttA jiNamadahi || --mUlAcAra 7 / 140-141, Avazyakaniryukti dIpikA 1559 - 1556, -- tulanA karo-- sthAnAMga 10 / 101. bhagavatI 7 / 2 ( pR0 926, 999)

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mUlaguNa : 125 (2) atikrAnta-atIta (bhUta) kAla viSayaka upavAsa Adi karanA / jaise caturdazI Adi ko kAraNavaza upavAsa na kara pAye to use Age pratipadA Adi meM krnaa| (3) koTisahita-arthAt saMkalpa-sahita zakti kI apekSA upavAsAdi karane kA saMkalpa karanA / jaise-kala svAdhyAya ke bAda yadi zakti hogI to upavAsAdi karU~gA anyathA nhiiN| (4) nikhaMDita-pAkSika, mAsika Adi meM avazyakaraNIya upavAsAdi kA krnaa| (5) sAkAra-sabheda arthAt pratyAkhyAna karate samaya AkAra vizeSa jaise sarvatobhadra, kanakAvalyAdi vratoM ke upavAsoM ko vidhi, nakSatrAdri ke bheda pUrvaka krnaa| (6) anAkAra-binA AkAra arthAt nakSatrAdi kA bheda yA vicAra kiye binA svecchayA upavAsAdi krnaa| (7) pariNAmagata-do, tIna, pandraha Adi dina ke kAla pramANa sahita upavAsAdi karanA / (8) aparizeSa-yAvajjIvana cAra prakAra ke AhAra Adi kA parityAga krnaa| (9) adhvAnagata-(mArga viSayaka)-jaMgala, nadI, deza Adi kA rAstA pAra karane taka AhArAdi kA tyAga karanA / (10) sahetuka-upasargAdi ke kAraNa upavAsAdi krnaa| Avazyakaniyukti dIpikA meM varNita pratyAkhyAna ke bheda-prabheda : pahale mUlAcArakAra ne pratyAkhyAna ke mUlaguNa aura uttaraguNa ina do bhedoM tathA inake upayukta bhedoM kA saMketa mAtra karake anta meM kula dasa bhedoM kI gaNanA kI hai| kintu zvetAmbara paramparA kI Avazyakaniyukti dIpikA meM ina bhedoM se kucha zabdabheda tathA arthabheda ke sAtha spaSTIkaraNa pUrvaka inakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / isameM sarvaprathama nikSepa dRSTi se pratyAkhyAna ke nAma, sthApanA, dravya, aditsA (na dene kI icchA), pratiSedha aura bhAva-ye chaha bheda kiye haiN| inameM bhAvapratyAkhyAna ke zruta aura nozra ta-ye do bheda batAye haiN| nozra tabhAva 1. nAma ThavaNAdavie aicchapaDisehameva bhAve ca / e e khalu chanbheyA paccakhANaMmi nAyagvA / / -Avazyaka niyukti dIpikA 1551

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126 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pratyAkhyAna ke mUlaguNa aura uttaraguNa-ye do bheda haiM / tathA ina donoM meM pratyeka ke sarva aura deza-ye do-do bheda karake sarvauttaraguNa ke anAgata, atikrAnta Adi dasa bheda kiye gaye haiN| jabaki mUlAcArakAra ne pratyAkhyAna ke sarvaprathama nikSepadRSTi se nAma, sthApanA Adi chaha bheda kiye haiM, phira sIdhe hI pratyAkhyAna ke anAgata Adi dasa bheda kara diye haiN| mUlAcAra kI apekSA Avazyaka niyukti meM pratyAkhyAna ke bheda-prabhedoM kA kathana adhika spaSTa hai / / mUlAcAra ke nikhaMDita kI jagaha Avazyakaniyukti dIpikA meM niyaMtrita, adhvAnagata kI jagaha sAMketita aura sahetuka kI jagaha adhvA pratyAkhyAna kA ullekha milatA hai| pratyAkhyAna ke bhedoM kA cArTa pratyAkhyAna nAma sthApanA dravya aditsA pratiSedha bhAva zruta nozruta malagaNa uttaraguNa savaM deza sava deza / / / / / anA- ati- koTi- ni:- sAkAra anA- pariNAmagata apari- adhyAna- sahetuka gata kAMta sahita khaMDita kAra zeSa gata 1. Avazyaka niyukti dIpikA 1554-1555. 2. vahI 1558-1559. 3. tadvividhaM mUlaguNapratyAkhyAnamuttaraguNapratyAkhyAnamiti -bhagavatI ArAdhanA vi0 TI0 116 / 276 / 22. 4. mUlAcAra 7140-141, Avazyaka niyukti dIpikA 1558-1559.

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mUlaguNa : 127 sthAnAMga sUtra meM pratyAkhyAna ke tIna aura pAMca bhedoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / ' tIna bheda isa prakAra hai-1. kucha jIva mana se pratyAkhyAna karate haiM / 2. kucha jIva vacana se pratyAkhyAna karate haiM tathA 3. kucha jIva kAyA se pratyAkhyAna karate haiM, dubArA pApa-karmoM meM pravRtti nahIM karate / athavA 1. kucha jIva dIrghakAla taka pApa karmoM kA pratyAkhyAna karate haiM / 2. kucha jIva alpakAla taka pApakarmoM kA pratyAkhyAna karate haiM / 3. kucha jIva kAyA ko pratisaMhRta karate haiM, dubArA pApa karmoM meM pravRtti nahIM karate / / pratyAkhyAna ke pAMca bheda isa prakAra haiM:-1. zraddhAzuddha arthAt zraddhApUrvaka svIkRta 2. vinayazuddha-vinaya samAcaraNa pUrvaka svIkRta 3. anubhASaNa zuddhapratyAkhyAna karAte samaya guru jisa pATha kA uccAraNa kareM use doharAnA / 4. anupAlanA zuddha-kaThina paristhiti meM bhI pratyAkhyAna kA bhaMga na karanA apitu usakA vidhivat krnaa| 5. bhAvazuddha-rAga-dveSa yA AkAMkSAtmaka mAnasika bhAvoM se adUSita / pratyAkhyAna ko vidhi: _ 'mahAvratoM' ke vinAza va malotpAdana ke kAraNa jisa prakAra na hoMge vaisA karatA hU~, aisI mana se AlocanA karake caurAsI lAkha vratoM ko zuddhi ke pratigraha kA nAma pratyAkhyAna hai / AvazyakavRtti ke anusAra zraddhAna, jJAna, vaMdanA, anupAlana, anubhASaNa aura bhAva-ina chaha zuddhiyoM yukta kiyA jAne vAlA zuddha pratyAkhyAna hotA hai| mUlAcArakAra ne viza ddhipUrvaka pratyAkhyAna ke pAlana hetu vinaya, anubhASA, anupAlana aura pariNAma--ina cAra prakAra kI zuddhiyoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / " sthAnAMgasUtra meM inhIM zuddhiyoM meM zraddhA ko sammilita karake pratyAkhyAna ke pUrvotta pAMca bheda ullikhita haiN| vinayazuddhi kA artha kRtikarma, aupacayika, jJAna, darzana aura cAritra-ina pA~ca vinayoM se yukta pratyAkhyAna kiyA hai| anubhASA zuddhi se tAtparya guru vacanoM ke anusAra akSara, 1. sthAnAGga 3 / 27, 51221. 2. paMcavihe paccakkhANe paNNatte, taM jahA-saddahaNasuddhe, viNayasuddha, aNubhAsaNA suddhe aNupAlaNAsuddhe bhAvasuddhe-sthAnAMga 5 / 221. 3. dhavalA 8 / 3 / 41 / 8511. 4. Avazyaka vRtti pR0 847. 5. viNaeNaM tahANubhAsA havadi ya aNupAlaNA ya pariNAme / ___evaM paccakkhANaM caduvidhaM hodi NAdavvaM / / mAlAcAra 73142, sthAnAMga 5 / 3 / 465. 6. sthAnAMga 5 / 211.

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128 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pada, vyaMjana, ghoSa, svara Adi ke uccAraNa kA zuddhipUrvaka pratyAkhyAna karanA hai / anupAlana zuddhi-arthAt AtaMka, upasarga, zrama, durbhikSa, vRtti tathA mahAraNyAdi meM Apatti ke samaya apane vratoM Adi kI vizuddhatA banAe rakhanA / pariNAmazuddhiarthAt rAga-dveSa rUpa mana ke pariNAmoM se rahita, pavitra bhAvanA se pratyAkhyAna krnaa| uparyukta cAra zuddhiyoM se kiye gaye pratyAkhyAna ke dvArA AtmA ko mana, vacana aura kAya ko duSpravRttiyoM se rokakara zubha pravRttiyoM meM kendrita kiyA jA sakatA hai| isase amaryAdita jIvana maryAdita karane meM sahAyatA milatI hai tathA jIvana meM tyAga kI nirantaratA ko banAye rakhA jA sakatA hai| samayasAra meM kahA hai : apane atirikta sarva padArtha 'para' hai aisA samajhakara pratyAkhyAna karane se jJAna hI pratyAkhyAna siddha hotA hai aura apane jJAna meM tyAga rUpa avasthA hI pratyAkhyAna hai / 2 vyavahAra meM to zramaNa dina meM hI bhojana karake phira yogyakAla paryanta anna, pAna, khAdya aura lehya kI ruci chor3a denA pratyAkhyAna batAyA hai| yadi bhojana karane kI icchA ho to pUrva dina grahaNa kiye upavAsa yA pratyAkhyAna kA vidhipUrvaka kSamApaNA (niSThApanA) karanI cAhie usake bAda vidhi ke anusAra bhojana karake apanI zakti ke anusAra punaH pratyAkhyAna yA upavAsa kiyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra pratyAkhyAna Avazyaka ke dvArA zramaNa svayaM ko vyartha ke bhogoM se bacAte haiM aura Atmacintana meM tatpara rakhate haiN| isake karane se Asrava kA nirodha hotA hai| usase saMvara tathA saMvara se tRSNA kA nAza hokara samatva kI prApti hotI hai aura kramazaH mukti prApta karatA hai| 6. kAyotsarga: mUlAcArakAra ne kAyotsarga ke lie visarga5 tathA vyutsarga zabdoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai / devasika, rAtrika, pAkSika, cAturmAsika aura sAMvatsarika Adi arhatpraNIta kAlapramANa ke anusAra arthAt jisa-jisa kAla meM jitanA-jitanA kAyotsarga kahA gayA hai usa kAla kA atikramaNa kiye binA yathokta kAla taka jinendra bhagavAn kA cintana karate hue zarIra se mamatva tyAga visarga yA 1. mUlAcAra 71143-146. 2. savve bhAve jamhA paccakkhAi paretti NAdUNaM / tamhA paccakkhANaM gANaM NiyamA muNeyavvaM / / samayasAra 34. 3. niyamasAra tAtparyavRtti 95. 4. anagAra dharmAmRta 9 / 36. 5. mUlAcAra 1122. 6. vahI. 7 / 181.

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mUlaguNa : 129 kAyotsarga (visagga yA kAusagga) kahalAtA hai / ' kAya + utsarga-ina do zabdoM ke yoga se kAyotsarga zabda banA hai jisakA artha hai kAya kA tyAga arthAt parimiti kAla ke lie zarIra se mamatva kA tyAga / 2 kAya Adi para dravyoM ke prati sthira bhAva chor3akara nirvikalpa rUpa se AtmadhyAna karanA kAyotsarga hai / ise vyutsarga bhI kahate haiN| niHsaMgatA-anAsakti, nirbhayatA aura jIvana kI lAlasA kA tyAga hI vyutsarga hai| AtmasAdhanA ke lie apane Apako utsarga kI vidhi hI vyutsarga hai / isakI sAdhanA se zramaNa apane deha ke prati mamatva bhAva kA pUrNataH visarjana karane kI sthiti meM pahu~ca jAtA hai, kyoMki zarIra anya hai, jIva-AtmA anya hai-isa prakAra ke bheda-vijJAna kA cintana Atma-sAdhanA meM Avazyaka hai| isase citta kI ekAgratA utpanna hotI hai aura AtmA ko apane sva-rUpa cintana kA avasara milatA hai| isa prakAra AtmA nirbhaya banakara apane kaThinatama uddezya kI siddhi meM samartha hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM kahA hai ki kAyotsarga (kucha samaya ke lie dehotsarga arthAt arthAt deha-bhAva ke visarjana) se jIva atIta aura vartamAna ke prAyazcitta yogya aticAroM kA vizodhana karatA hai| aura aisA karane vAlA vyakti bhAra ko nIce rakha dene vAle bhAra-vAhaka kI bhA~ti nirvRtahRdaya (zAnta yA halkA) ho jAtA hai aura prazastadhyAna meM lIna hokara sukhapUrvaka vihAra karatA hai / 6 / / kAyotsarga ko kAyikadhyAna, kAyagupti, kAyaviveka, kAya-vyutsarga aura kAya-pratisaMlInatA bhI kahA jAtA hai|" kAyotsarga ke bheda : nikSepa dRSTi se kAyotsarga ke chaha bheda hai1. nAma-'kAyotsarga' aise isa nAma ko nAma-kAyotsarga kahate haiM / athavA 1. devassiyaNiyamAdisu jahuttamANeNa uttakAlamhi / jiNaguNaciMtaNajutto, kAusaggo taNuvisaggo / / mUlAcAra 1128. 2. tattvArthavArtika 6 / 24 / 11. pR0 530. 3. niyamasAra 121. 4. niHsaMGganirbhayatvajIvitAzA vyudAsAdyartho vyutsargaH / -tattvArthavArtika 9 / 26 / 10. 5. anna imaM sarIraM annojIvutti kayabuddhi-Avazyakaniyukti dIpikA 1547. 6. uttarAdhyayana 29 / 13. 7. manonuzAsanam (dvitIya saMskaraNa) pR0 196. 8. NAmaTThavaNA davve khette kAle ya hodi bhAve ya / eso kAu sagge Nikkhevo chanviho o // mUlAcAra savRtti 7 / 151.

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130 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana tIkSNa, kaThora Adi rUpa pApayukta nAmakaraNa meM hue doSoM ke parihArArtha jo kAyotsarga kiyA jAtA hai vaha nAma kAyotsarga hai / 2. sthApanA-kAyotsarga pariNata pratimA / 3. dravya-sAvadya dravya sevana se utpanna doSa ke nAzArtha kAyotsarga karanA, athavA kAyotsarga prAbhRtazAstra ko jAnane vAlA jo usa meM upayukta na ho vaha puruSa aura usake zarIra ko, bhAvIjIva, usake tadvyatiriktakarma aura nokarma-inako dravyakAyotsarga kahate haiN| 4. kSetra-pApayukta kSetra se Ane para doSoM ke nAzArtha kiyA jAnevAlA athavA kAyotsarga meM yukta vyakti jisa kSetra meM baiThA hai vaha kSetra kAyotsarga / 5. kAla-sAvadyakAla ke doSa parihAra ke lie kiyA jAnevAlA kAyotsarga, athavA kAyotsarga meM yukta puruSa jisa kAla meM hai vaha kAla kAyotsarga hai / 6. bhAva-mithyAtva Adi aticAroM ke parihArArtha kiyA jAne vAlA kAyotsarga / athavA kayotsarga prAbhRtazAstra ke jJAtA aura upayoga yukta AtmA tathA Atmapradeza bhAva kAyotsarga hai / vijayodayA TIkAkAra ne yoga ke saMbaMdha se mana, vacana aura kAya kI dRSTi se kAyotsarga ke tIna bheda batAye haiN| inameM 1. "mamedaM" yaha zarIra merA hai isa bhAva ko nivRtti manaHkAyotsarga hai / 2. maiM zarIra kA tyAga karatA hU~-isa prakAra ke vacanoM kA uccAraNa karanA vacanakRta kAyotsarga hai| 3. pralambabhuja (bAhu nIce laTakAkara) hokara, donoM pairoM meM cAra aMgulamAtra kA antara kara samapAda nizcala khar3e honA kAyakRta kAyotsarga hai|' __ AvazyakaNikAra ne kAyotsarga ke do mukhya bheda batAye haiM-dravya aura bhAva / inameM prathama dravyakAyotsarga kA artha kA kAya ceSTA kA nirodha arthAta zarIra kI caMcalatA evaM mamatA kA tyAga evaM jinamudrA meM nizcala khar3e honA hai / dvitIya bhAvakAyotsarga se tAtparya hai dharmadhyAna evaM zukladhyAna meM ramaNa karanA / ina dravya aura bhAvabheda ko samajhAne ke lie mUlAcArakAra ne kAyotsarga ke cAra bheda kiye haiM / 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA vijayodayA TIkA-509. pRSTha 728. 2. so puNa kAussaggo davato bhAvatoya bhavati, davvato kAyaceTTAniroho bhAvato kAussaggo jhANaM-Avazyaka cUNi uttarArddha 1548. 3. uTTidauTThida uTThidaNiviTTha uvaviTTha uTTi do ceva / uviTThaNiviTTho vi ya kAosaggo caTThANo // -mUlAcAra 7 / 176, bhagavatI ArAdhanA vi0 TI0 116.

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mUlaguNa : 131 1. utthita-utthita-jisa kAyotsarga meM khar3e hokara dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna kA cintana kiyA jAtA hai vaha utthita-utthita kAyosarga hai| isameM zramaNa zarIra (dravya) tathA pariNAmoM (bhAvoM) ina donoM meM utthita hotA hai, yahA~ dravya aura bhAva donoM ke hI utthAna se yukta hone ke kAraNa utthita-utthita zabda se utthAna kA prakarSa kahA hai| sthANU (khambhe) kI taraha zarIra kA unnata aura nizcala rakhanA dravyotthAna hai / tathA jJAnarUpa bhAva kA dhyAna karane yogya eka hI vastu meM sthira rahanA bhAvotthAna hai| 2. utthita-niviSTa-isameM zarIra se sthita (khar3e) hokara bhI Arta-raudradhyAna kA cintana hI rahatA hai / arthAt zramaNa zarIra rUpa dravya se sthita rahane para bhI mana meM vividha azubha vikalpa rUpa pariNAmoM se ulajhA rahatA hai / ataH zarIra se khar3e hokara bhI zubha pariNAmoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa (mana-AtmA se) niviSTabaiThe hue rahate haiM / ataH eka hI kAla aura kSetra meM utthita aura niviSTa-ina donoM AsanoM meM paraspara virodha nahIM hai kyoMki donoM ke nimitta bhinna haiM / 3. upaviSTa-utthita-upaviSTa arthAt baiThakara bhI dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna kA hI cintana karanA upaviSTa-utthita kAyotsarga hai| zarIra ke vRddha evaM azakta ho jAne para zramaNa khar3e-khar3e kAyotsarga karane meM asamartha hotA hai, kintu mana meM zubhadhyAna-cintana ke tIvra bhAva rahate haiM / ataH mana meM unnata pariNAmoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa vaha utthita hotA hai kintu azakti ke kAraNa upaviSTa arthAt tana se baiThA rahatA hai| 4. upaviSTa-niviSTa-jo baiThakara bhI ArtadhyAna aura raudradhyAna kA hI cintana karatA hai usake upaviSTa-niviSTa kAyotsarga hotA hai| ye tana aura mana donoM se upaviSTa (baiThe hue) arthAt ye Alasya aura kartavya zUnya hote haiM / kyoMki na to ye zarIra se utthita hote haiM aura na hI inake zubhapariNAma rahate haiN| __ Avazyaka niyukti meM AcArya bhadravAhu ne uddezya kI dRSTi se kAyotsarga ke do bheda batAye hai"-ceSTA kAyotsarga, aura abhibhava kAyotsarga / vibhinna pravattiyAM karate samaya hue doSoM yA aticAroM kI vizuddhi ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA 1. mUlAcAra 7177. 2. vahI 7.178. 3. mUlAcAra 7 / 179. / 4. vahI 7 / 180. 5. so ussaggo duviho ciTThAe abhibhave ya nAyavyo / bhikkhAyariyAi. paDhamo uvasaggabhijujaNe vimo|| Avazyaka niyukti 1452.

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132 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ceSTA kAyotsarga hai / tathA prApta kaSToM ko sahana karane, kaSTajanita bhaya ko nirasta karane tathA vizeSa Atma vizuddhi ke lie dIrghakAla taka mana kI ekAgratA kA abhyAsa karane ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA abhibhava kAyotsarga hai| kAyotsarga kI vidhi : kAyotsarga ke aMga-malAcArakAra ne kAyotsarga ke tIna aMga batAye haiM1. kAyotsarga, 2. kAyotsargI, 3. kAyotsarga ke kAraNa / ina tInoM meM pratyeka kI prarUpaNA kI jAtI hai / 2 1. kAyotsarga-donoM hAtha nIce karake donoM pairoM meM cAra aMgula ke antara se samapAda, zarIra ke sabhI aMgoM kI caMcalatA se rahita nizcala khar3e hokara kAyotsarga karanA vizuddha kAyotsarga hai / 3 / / 2. kAyotsargI-jo jIva mokSArthI, nidrAjayI, sUtrArtha vizArada, karaNa (pariNAmoM se) zuddha, Atmabala aura vIrya yukta hai aise vizuddhAtmA ko kAyotsargI kahA jAtA hai / kyoMki yaha kAyotsarga mokSapatha arthAt mokSamArga rUpa ratnatraya kA upadezaka aura jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya tathA antarAya-ina cAra ghAtiyAkarmoM ke aticAroM kA vinAza karane vAlA hai| isa kAyotsarga kA jinendradeva ne sevana kiyA tathA dUsaroM ko upadeza diyaa| aise hI kAyotsarga ko dhAraNa karane kI vaha icchA karatA hai| 3. kAyotsarga ke kAraNa-eka paira se khar3e hone para jo aticAra hotA hai tathA dveSavaza guptiyoM ke ullaMghana evaM krodha, mAna, mAyA tathA lobhaina cAra kaSAyoM ke dvArA vratoM meM jo vyatikrama hotA hai ina sabake tathA SaDjIvanikAya kI virAdhanA ke dvArA, bhaya evaM mada-sthAnoM ke dvArA jo vyatikrama hue, sAtha hI brahmacarya-dharma meM hue vyatikramoM se utpanna azubha karmoM ke vinAzArtha kAyotsarga kiyA jAtA hai / mUlAcArakAra ne kAyotsarga ke aura bhI 1. mUlAcAra 7 / 158. 2. kAussaggo kAussaggI kAussaggassa kAraNaM ceva / edesi patteyaM parUvaNA hodi tiNhapi // mUlAcAra 152. 3. vosaridabAhujugalo caduraMgulaaMtareNa smpaado| savvaMgacalaNarahio kAussaggo visuddho du|| vahI 7 / 153. 4. mukkhaTTI jidaNiddo suttatyavisArado krnnsuddho| Adabalaviriyajutto kAussa ggI visuddhappA / vahI 7154. 5. vahI 7 / 155. 6. vahI 7 / 156, 157.

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mUlaguNa : 133 kAraNoM kA pratipAdana karate hue kahA hai ki-deva, manuSya, tiryaJca-ina cetana prANiyoM dvArA kiye jAne vAle tathA vidyutpAt Adi acetana kAraNoM se utpanna sabhI prakAra ke upasargoM ke abhyAsa hetu arthAt ina upasargoM ko samatApUrvaka sahana karane kI kSamatA prApta karane ke lie kAyotsarga karanA caahie|' isIlie zramaNa bhI mokSamArga meM sthira rahakara IryApatha ke aticAroM kA tyAgakara vyutsRSTa tyaktadeha arthAt zarIra meM moha ke tyAgapUrvaka duHkhakSaya ke lie kAyotsarga karate haiN| yahA~ vyutsRSTatyaktadeha se tAtparya jisane vividha yA viziSTa prakAra se deha (zarIra) utsarga ki yA ho / kAyotsarga kI vidhi siddha karane ke lie tIna bAteM Avazyaka haiM. 1. sthAna 2. mauna aura 3. dhyAna / sthAna se tAtparya kAyika halana-calana se rahita hokara eka hI sthAna para sthira rahanA / aisA kAyotsarga sthita (khar3e) hokara", upaviSTa arthAt baiThakara tathA zayanapUrvaka yA leTakara bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai / hemacaMdrAcArya ne bhI ina tInoM avasthAoM kA varNana kiyA hai| samAdhimaraNa ke samaya yAvajjIvana ke liye kiyA jAne vAlA kAyotsarga leTakara bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai / kAyotsarga meM mauna bhI eka pramukha kArya hai| isake abhAva meM bAhya pravRttiyoM se pUrNataH virata honA asambhava hai / ataH mauna ke dvArA vAk pravRtti kA sthirIkaraNa hotA hai / tathA kAyotsarga meM cittavRtti ko sameTakara eka hI viSaya para mana kendrita karane ke lie dhyAna bhI paramAvazyaka hai / vastutaH kAyotsarga eka AdhyAtmika utkarSa kI mahattvapUrNa prakriyA hai / vidhi ko dRSTi se kAyotsarga ke pUrvokta cAra bhedoM meM zramaNa ke lie prathama utthita-utyita aura tRtIya upaviSTa-utthita ye do kAyotsarga hI upAdeya haiM / 1. je keI uvasaggA devmaannustirikkhcednniyaa| te savve adhiAse kAosagge Thido saMto // mUlAcAra 7 / 158. 2. kAosaggaM iriyAvahAdicArassa mokkhamaggammi / vosaTTacattadehA karaMti dukkhakkhayaTTAe / / vahI 7 / 165 3. vyutsRSTo-vividhairupAyavizeSeNa vA parISahopasargasahiSNutAlakSaNenotsRSTaH tyaktaH kAyaH zarIramaneneti vyutsR STakAyaH-uttarAdhyayana bRhadvRtti patra 371. 4. mUlAcAra 63159. 5. vahI 7 / 158. 6. sa ca kAyotsarga ucchri taniSaNNazayitabhedena tridhA--yogazAstra tRtIya prakAza pRSTha 250.

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134 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sarvaprathama ekAnta evaM abAdhita sthAna meM pUrva tathA uttara dizA athavA jinapratimA kI ora mukha karake AlocanArtha kAyotsarga karane kA vidhAna hai|' phira bAhuyugala nIce karake donoM pairoM meM cAra aMgula ke antara se samapAda evaM nizcala khar3e hokara mana se zarIra ke prati 'mamedaM' buddhi kI nivRtti kara lenA cAhie / kAyotsarga meM sthita hokara zramaNa ko daivasika Adi pratikramaNa karanA caahie| sAtha hI IryApatha ke aticAroM kA kSaya evaM anya niyamoM ko pUrNa karake dharma aura zukladhyAna kA cintana karanA cAhie / kAyotsarga meM sthita hone para deva, manuSya, tithaMca aura acetana ke dvArA kiye gaye kisI bhI prakAra ke upasarga ko sahana karanA caahie| tabhI to dhIra zramaNa bhaktapAna, grAmAntaragamana, cAturmAsika, vArSika aura autta mArthika pratikramaNa Adi viSayoM ke vettA, mAyA-prapaMca rahita, aneka vizeSatAoMyukta, svazakti evaM Ayu ke anusAra duHkhakSaya ke lie kAyotsarga karate hai / bala aura vIrya ke Azraya se kSetrabala, kAyabala tathA zarIra saMhanana kI apekSA se nirdoSa kAyotsarga karane kA vidhAna bhI hai| ___ kAyotsarga meM cintanIya zubha manaHsaMkalpa isa prakAra haiM-darzana, jJAna, cAritra, saMyama, vyutsarga, pratyAkhyAna grahaNa, tathA karaNa (teraha kriyAyeM--paMcanamaskAra, chaha Avazyaka evaM AsikA aura niSIdhikA), praNidhAna, samiti pAlana ke bhAva, vidyA, AcaraNa, mahAvrata, samAdhi, guNoM meM AdarabhAva, brahmacarya pAlana, SaTkAya ke jIvoM kI rakSA ke bhAva, indriyanigraha, kSamA, Arjava, mArdava, vinaya, tatvazraddhAna aura mukti ke pariNAma-ina sabhI viSayoM meM zubha manaHsaMkalpa avazya hI kAyotsarga ke samaya dhAraNa karanA cAhie / kAyotsarga meM ye zubha manaH 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 550 2. mUlAcAra 7 / 153, bhagavatI ArAdhanA vi0 TI0 509. 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA vijayodayA TIkA 509, pR0 729. 4. mUlAcAra 7 / 168. 5. mUlAcAra 71167. 6. vahI 7 / 128, Avazyaka niyukti dIpikA gAthA 1544. 7. bhatte pANe gAmaMtare ya cadumAsi ya varisa carimesu / NAUNa ThaMti dhIrA dhaNidaM dukkhakkhayaTThAe // mUlAcAra 71166, 174. 8. vahI 7 / 170. .

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mUlaguNa : 135 saMkalpa sabhI ke lie mahArtha arthAt karmakSaya ke hetubhUta, prazasta, vizvasta, samyak dhyAnarUpa tathA jinazAsana sammata haiN|' inake viparIta kucha tyAjya azubha saMkalpa isa prakAra haiM-parivAra, Rddhi, satkAra, pUjana, azana, pAna, layaNa (utkIrNa parvatIya guphA Adi) zayana, Asana, bhaktapAna, kAmecchA, artha-dhanAdi dravya-inake lie kAyotsarga karanA tathA AjJA, nirdeza, pramANa (sabhI mujhe pramANasvarUpa samajheM), kIrtivarNana, prabhAvanA, guNoM kA prakAzana-ityAdi prakAra ke sAMsArika vaibhava prApti ke bhAva aprazasta manaHsaMkalpa haiN| kAyotsarga meM ye vizvAsa ke sarvathA ayogya hone se inakA cintana tyAjya hai| kAyotsarga kA kAlamAna : rAta, dina, pakSa, cAturmAsa, saMvatsara (varSa)-ina kAloM meM hone vAle aticAroM kI nivRtti kI dRSTi se kAyotsarga ke bahuta bheda haiM / 3 kAyotsarga kA utkRSTa kAla-pramANa eka varSa aura jaghanya pramANa antarmuhUrta hai / ina donoM ke bIca meM devasika, rAtrika kAyotsarga ke aneka vikalpa haiN| dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva se kAyotsarga aneka sthAnoM meM zakti kI apekSA aneka-vidha hote haiM / 4 ve isa taraha haiM-daivasika pratikramaNa meM kAyotsarga kA kAlapramANa 108 ucchvAsa (36 bAra NamokAra maMtra ke japa barAvara) hai| vijayodayA TokA meM ise 100 ucchavAsa pramANa mAnA hai / " rAtrika pratikramaNa meM 54 ucchvAsa / vijayodayA TIkA meM rAtrika ke 50 ucchvAsa mAne haiM / 6 pAkSika meM 300 ucchvAsa, cAturmAsika meM 400 ucchvAsa, sAMvatsarika meM 108 ucchvAsa, vIrabhakti, siddhabhakti, pratikramaNabhakti aura caturvizati-tIrthaMkara-bhakti meM apramattabhAva se ucchvAsa-pramANa japa karanA caahie| isa prakAra devasika, rAtrika, pAkSika, cAturmAsika aura sAMvatsarika-ina pA~ca sthAnoM para uparyukta 1. mUlAcAra 7 / 181-183. 2. vahI 7 / 184-185. 3. aticAranivRttaye kAyotsargA bahuprakArA bhavanti / rAtridinapakSamAsacatuSTaya saMvatsarAdi kAlagocarAticAra bhedApekSayA-bhagavatI ArAdhanA vijayodayA TIkA, gAthA 116 pR0 278. 4. saMvaccharamukkassaM bhiNNamuhuttaM jahaNNayaM hodi / sesA kAosaggA hoti aNegesu ThANesu / / mUlAcAra 7 / 159. 5. bhagavatI ArAdhanA vijayodayA TIkA gAthA 116, 10 278. 6. vahI.

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400 136 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kAyotsarga kA pramANa hai|' anya sthAnoM meM isa taraha hai-prANivadha, mRSAvAda, adattAdAna, maithuna aura parigraha ke aticAra meM kiye jAne vAle kAyotsarga meM 108 ucchvAsa japa kiyA jAtA hai / 2 bhakta, pAna (AhAra) se Ane para, grAmAntaragamana, arhanta ke nirvANa, samavasaraNa, kevalajJAna, dIkSA, janma Adi ke sthAnoM kI vaMdanAdi karake lauTane para tathA uccAra-prasravaNa ke bAda pratyeka meM 25-25 ucchavAsa tathA granthArambha, granthasamApti, svAdhyAya, vaMdanA tathA praNidhAna meM azubhabhAva ke utpanna hone para isa prakAra pratyeka meM 27-27 ucchvAsa kAyotsarga kA kAla pramANa haiN| kAyotsarga karate samaya yadi ucchvAsoM kI saMkhyA bhUla jAye, yA saMkhyA meM saMdeha ho jAe to ATha adhika (atirikta) ucchvAsa kAyotsarga karane kA vidhAna hai| uparyukta kAlapramANa ke vibhAjana ko isa taraha samajhA jA sakatA hai1. daivasikaM pratikramaNa 108 ucchvAsa pramANa 2. rAtrika 54 3. pAkSika 300 , 4. cAturmAsika 5. sAMvatsarika 500 6. prANivadhAdi rUpa aticAroM meM 108 , " 7. bhakta, pAna (AhAra) se Ane para tathA grAmAntara gamana Adi meM 8. nirvANAdi bhUmi meM jAkara Ane ke bAda 9. arhat zayyA (nirvANa Adi kalyANa bhUmi) / 10. arhat niSadyA 11. zramaNa niSadyA 12. uccAra-prasravaNa karane ke bAda 13. granthArambha meM 14. grantha samApti meM 15. svAdhyAya meM 27 , 16. vaMdanA 17. praNidhAna meM azubha bhAva hone para 18. kAyotsarga ke ucchvAsa bhUla jAne para 8 adhika" 1. mUlAcAra 7160-161. 2. vahI 7 / 162. 3. vahI 7 / 162-163. 4. kAyotsarge kRte yadi zakyate ucchavAsasya skhalanaM vA pariNAmasya ucchvAsASTakamadhikaM sthAtavyam |-bhgvtii ArAdhanA vijayodayA TIkA -gAthA 116 pRSTha 278.

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mUlaguNa : 137 isa kAla-pramANa ke vibhAjana meM yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki prANa-vAyu (zvAsa) mu~ha se zarIra ke andara jAne aura bAhara nikalane kI prakriyA kA nAma ucchvAsa hai| Namo arihaMtANaM, Namo siddhANaM-ina do padoM ke uccAraNa meM meM eka ucchvAsa-kAla pramANa hotA hai / tathA pUre NamokAra maMtra ke uccAraNa meM tIna ucchvAsa-kAla pramANa lagatA hai|' kAyotsarga ke lAbha: __ kAyotsarga kA mukhya uddezya zarIra aura AtmA ke bheda-vijJAna kA sAkSAtkAra karake AtmA kA sAnnidhya prApta karanA hai| Avazyaka niyukti meM kAyotsarga ke pA~ca phala batalAye haiM / 1. dehajADyazuddhi-daihika jar3atA kI zuddhi arthAt zleSma Adi ke dvArA deha meM jar3atA AtI hai| kAyotsarga se zleSma Adi doSa naSTa ho jAte haiM / ataH unase utpanna hone vAlI jar3atA bhI naSTa ho jAtI hai / 2. matijADyazuddhi-arthAt bauddhika jar3atA kI zuddhi / kAyotsarga meM mana kI pravRtti kendrita ho jAne se bauddhika jar3atA naSTa ho jAtI hai| 3. sukha-duHkha titikSA-sukha-duHkha sahana karane kI kSamatA (zakti) prApta hotI hai| 4. anuprekSA-arthAt zuddha bhAvanA kA abhyAsa / isake mAdhyama se anuprekSAoM (bAraha bhAvanAoM) ke anucintana meM sthiratApUrvaka abhyAsa kI nirantara vRddhi hotI hai| 5. dhyAna-kAyotsarga se zubha dhyAna kA abhyAsa sahaja ho jAtA hai / mUlAcArakAra ne kahA hai ki sabhI duHkhoM ke kSaya ke lie dhIra puruSa kAyotsarga karate haiM / 3 kAyotsarga karane se jaise-jaise zarIra ke aMgopAMga (avayava) kI saMdhiyA~ bhiMdatI jAtI haiM vaise-vaise karmaraja naSTa hotI jAtI hai| mokSamArga rUpa ratnatraya kA upadezaka hone ke kAraNa isa kAyotsarga se cAra ghAtiyAkarmoM 1. kunda0 mUlAcAra 9 / 185 pRSTha 338. 2. deha mai jaDDasuddhI, suhadukkhatitikkhayA aNuppehA / jhAyai ya suhaM jhANaM eyaggo kAusaggammi / / -Avazyaka niyukti 5 / 1462. * 3. kAyosagaM dhIrA karaMti dukkhakkhayachAe-mUlAcAra 7 / 174. 4. kAosaggamhi kade jaha bhijjadi aNguvNgsNdhiio| taha bhijjadi kammArayaM kAussaggassa karaNeNa // vahI 7 / 169.

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138 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya, aura antarAya karma) ke aticAra vinaSTa ho jAte haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM kAyotsarga ko 'sarva duHkha vimocaka' kahA hai -2 ceSTA aura abhibhava-kAyotsarga ke pUrvokta ina do bhedoM meM prathama ceSTA kAyotsarga ke dvArA zramaNa zauca, bhikSA Adi ke nimitta jAne aura vApasa Ane tathA nidrAtyAga Adi pravRttiyoM ke pazcAt anajAne meM hue aticAroM ko dUra kara vizuddhi ko prApta karatA hai| tathA abhibhava kAyotsarga ke dvArA jahA~ vizeSa Atmavizuddhi ko prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai vahA~ zramaNa jIvana meM nirantara hone vAle kaSToM, upasargoM, Akasmika yA sahajaprApta vighna bAdhAoM ko samatAbhAva pUrvaka sahana karane kI apUrva kSamatA prApta hotI hai| jaina sAhitya vizeSakara purANa aura kathA sAhitya meM aise anekoM udAharaNa milate haiM jaba kisI AcArya yA zramaNa ko isa prakAra kI pratikUlatAoM kA sAmanA karanA par3A usa samaya unhoMne kAyotsarga dhAraNa kara dhyAna meM khar3e ho gaye, taba usase jo teja prakaTa huA usake kAraNa vaha bAdhA apane Apa dUra ho gaI / jainadharma meM pracalita rakSAbandhana kathA meM akampanAcArya muni ke udAharaNa se isa kathana kI vizeSa puSTi bhI hotI hai jabaki hastinApura meM AhAra se lauTate hue akampanAcArya muni para bali Adi cAra mantriyoM ne talavAra se unake Upara hamalA ke lie ghera liyA / taba ve muni kAyotsarga meM lIna ho gaye / aura jaise hI una mantriyoM ne vAra karane ke lie talavAreM Upara uThAyIM vaise hI una sabhI ke hAtha kolita ho gaye / isI prakAra anyAnya udAharaNa prApta hote haiN| ___isa prakAra kAyotsarga se aneka lAbha haiM jinheM isa Avazyaka ke antargata yahA~ vivecita vibhinna viSayoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| kAyotsarga meM niSiddha battIsa doSa : 1. ghoTaka doSa-kAyotsarga karate samaya ghor3e ke samAna eka paira uThAkara athavA jhukakara khar3e honA / 2. latAdoSa-vAyu se kampita latA ke sadRza kAyotsarga ke samaya caMcala rahanA yA hilanA / 3. stambha doSa-stambha (khambhe) Adi kA Azraya lekara yA stambha ke sadRza zUnya hRdaya honA / 4. kuDyadoSa-dIvAra Adi ke Azrita khar3e hokara kAyotsarga karanA / 5. mAlAdoSa-mastaka ke Upara mAlA yA rassI Adi kA Azraya lekara kAyotsarga krnaa| 6. zabaravadhU (guhya 1. vahI 7 / 155. 2. uttarAdhyayana 26 / 47. 3. mUlAcAra 7171-173, bhagavatI ArAdhanA vi0 TI0 116, pR0 279, anagAra dharmAmRta 8 / 112-121, cAritrasAra 15602.

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mUlaguNa : 139 gUhana ) doSa - bhIla kI vadhU ke sadRza jaMghAoM se jaMghA bhAga saTAkara apane guhya pradeza ko hAtha se Dhakakara kAyotsarga karanA / 7. nigala doSa - pairoM meM ber3I bA~dhe hue manuSya ke sadRza pairoM meM adhika antara rakhakara yA Ter3he caraNa rakhakara khar3e honA / 8. lambottara doSa - nAbhi se Upara kA bhAga adhika jhukAnA yA U~cA karanA / 9. stanadRSTi doSa - apane stana kI ora dRSTi rakhanA / 10. vAyasa doSa - kauve kI taraha itastataH caMcala netroM se dRSTi pheMkanA / 11. khalIna doSakhalIna - lagAma se pIr3ita azva kI taraha mukha ko hilAnA yA dA~toM ko cabAnA | 13. yuga ( yugakandhara) doSa - juA se pIr3ita baila kI taraha kandhA jhukAnA / 13. kapittha doSa - hAtha meM kaiMtha phala lie hue vyakti kI taraha muTThI bAMdhanA / 14. ziraH prakaMpana doSa - sira calAte hue kAyotsarga karanA / 15. mUka doSa - mUka manuSya kI taraha mukha, nAsikA Adi se saMketa karanA / 16. aMguli doSa - aMguli calAnA yA unakI gaNanA karanA / 17. bhrUvikAra doSa yA tirachI karanA / 18. vAruNIpAyI doSa -- madyapI kI taraha hue khar3e honA / 19. digavalokana doSa - sabhI dizAoM meM grIvonnamana praNamana doSa -- grIvA adhika nIce yA Upara karanA / 21. niSThIvana doSa - kAyotsarga karate samaya thUkanA, khakAranA Adi / 22. aMgAmarza doSa - apane aMgoM ko sparza krnaa| isaprakAra uparyukta 22 doSa tathA dasa dizAoM ke dasa doSa yathA - 1. pUrvadizAvalokana doSa, 2. Agneya dizA0, 3. dakSiNadizA0, 4. naiRtya dizA0, 5. pazcima dizA0, 6. vAyavya dizA0, 7. uttara dizA0, 8. IzAna dizA0, 9. urdhvadizA 0 aura 10. adhodizAvalokana doSa / bhauMhoM ko Upara, nIce yahA~-vahA~ jhUmate dekhanA / 20. kAyotsarga ke ye battIsa doSa haiM / inase rahita kAyotsarga karane ko hI zuddha kAyotsarga tapa kahA jAtA hai / uparyukta chaha Avazyaka zramaNa jIvana ke dainika kAryakramoM ke Avazyaka aMga haiM / AvazyakoM kA yaha krama sahaja hai tathA kArya-kAraNa bhAva kI zrRMkhalA para AdhArita hai / inake nirdoSa pAlana se samyaktva kI prApti hotI hai / ye jJAna aura kriyAmaya haiM ataH inakA AcaraNa mokSa siddhidAyaka hai / jo inakA pAlana niyama se karatA hai vaha nizcaya hI siddha hotA haiM, para jo sabhI AvazyakoM kA niHzeSa pAlana na karake yathAzakti pAlana karate haiM use bhI AvAsaka arthAt svargAdika AvAsa kI prApti hotI hai / " vastutaH Avazyaka kriyA AtmA ko prApta bhAvazuddhi 1. savvAvAsaNijuttoNiyamA siddhotti hoi NAyavvo / aha NissesaM kurNAdi Na NiyamA AvAsayA hoMti // -- mUlAcAra vRttisahita 7 / 187.

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140 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana se girane nahIM detI / ataH guNoM kI vRddhi ke lie tathA prApta guNoM se skhalita na hone dene ke lie inakA AcaraNa atyanta upayogI hai| jisane mana-vacana-kAya se indriyoM ko vaza meM kiyA hai unakA paramArthataH inhIM AvazyakoM meM AvAsana (avasthAna) hotA hai kintu jisane trividha rUpa se indriyoM ko vaza meM nahIM kiyA unheM ye hI Avazyaka karmAgama ke kAraNa haiM / jo AtmA inakA nitya sadAcaraNa karatA hai, vahI vizuddhatA (mokSa) prApta karatA hai / ataH mana, vacana aura kAya se sarvathA zuddha yogya dravya, kSetra aura kAla meM avyAkSipta (vyAkulatA rahita) aura maunapUrvaka inakA pAlana karanA caahie| kyoMki Atmika guNoM ko prakaTa karane yA Atmika vikAsa ke lie avazya karaNIya kriyA ko 'Avazyaka' kahA gayA hai / yaha AtmA ko bhAvazuddhi se girane nahIM detaa| isa prakAra aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM meM se pAMca mahAvrata, pAMca samiti, paMca-indriyanirodha tathA uparyukta chaha Avazyaka-ina ikkIsa mUlaguNoM ke vivecana ke bAda zeSa sAta mUlaguNoM kA kramazaH vivecana prastuta hai zeSa sAta mUlaguNa : mUlAcAra ke anusAra acelakatva, loca, vyutsRSTazarIratA (snAnAdi saMskAroM kA tyAga) tathA pratilekhana (picchi) ye cAritradhAraNa karane vAle muni ke cAra pramukha bAhya cihna (liGga) haiM / " ina cAra cihnoM meM acelakatva pUrNa aparigrahatva kA, loca sadbhAvanA kA, vyutsRSTadehatva vItarAgatA kA tathA pratilekhana arthAt mayUrapicchi kA grahaNa dayA pratipAlana kA pratIka hai|6 ina cAra cihnoM meM pratilekhana ko chor3a kara prArambha ke tIna cihnoM ko mUlaguNa bhI kahA hai| inake sAtha hI kSitizayana, adaMtagharSaNa, sthitabhojana tathA ekabhakta-isa prakAra ina zeSa sAta mUlaguNoM kA kramazaH vivecana isa prakAra hai : 1. jJAnasAra, kriyASTaka 5-7. 2. mUlAcAra 7 / 188. 3. jo uvaz2uadi NiccaM so siddhi jAdi visuddhappA-mUlAcAra 7 / 193. 4. vahI 7 / 189 5. accelakkaM loco vosaTTa sarIradA ya paDilihaNaM / eso hu liMgakappo cadunvidho hodi NAyavvo / mUlAcAra 10 / 17. 6. acelakattvaM naiHsaMgyacihna, sadbhAvanAyAzcihna locaH, vyutsRSTadehatvamaparAgatAyAzcihna, dayApratipAlanasya liMmaM mayUrapicchikAgrahaNamiti / -mUlAcAravRtti 10117.

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loca : loca se tAtparya apane yA dUsare ke hAthoM se mastaka aura dAr3hI-mUMcha ke bAloM kA luJcanapUrvaka alaga karanA hai / pracalita artha meM ise kezaloMca yA kezaluJcana kahA jAtA hai / loca zabda laMca dhAtu se banakara apanayana karane, nikAlane, dUra karane tathA bAla ukhAr3ane artha meM prayukta hotA hai / 2 mUlaguNa : 141 jahA~ sAMsArika prANI ke lie keza Adi saundarya ke pratIka mAne jAte haiN| vahIM mumukSu jIva inheM bAdhaka mAnatA hai / cU~ki eka sthiti taka keza svAbhAvika rUpa meM bar3hate haiM aura yadi unakI yathocita sAra - samhAla (saMskAra) na kI jAya to aneka doSa utpanna ho jAte haiM / bhagavatI ArAdhanA tathA usakI vijayodayA TIkA meM kahA bhI hai ki pratikAra na karane vAle arthAt tela lagAnA, abhyaMga snAna karanA, sugandhita padArthoM se kezoM kA saMskAra na karanA tathA jala se dhonA Adi kriyAyeM na karane vAle ke kezoM meM jUM, lIkha Adi sammUrchana jIva utpanna ho jAte haiM / isase muni ke zayana ke samaya, dhUpa meM jAne, sira se kisI ke TakarAne Adi ke kAraNa una jIvoM ko bAdhA pahu~ca sakatI hai / usa bAdhA tathA una jIvoM ko dUra karanA azakya hai / anyatra se bhI anyAnya kITAdi Akara bAloM meM jama jAte haiM / unheM nikAlanA to kaThina hai hI, nirantara AkulatA bhI banI rahatI hai / jU Adi se pIr3ita muni ke mana meM saMkleza pariNAma utpanna hote haiM / tathA unake kATane para sira ko khujalAne se jU Adi bhI pIr3ita hote haiM-- ataH ina sabase virata rahane ke lie muni ko kezaloca kA vidhAna kiyA / aisA na uparyukta sthitiyoM meM use hiMsA kA prasaMga AtA hai jabaki loca se muNDatva, muNDa se nirvikAratA tathA nirvikAratA se ratnatraya meM udyoga kI pravRtti bar3hatI hai / isase hI Atmadamana, sukha ke prati anAsakta, svAdhInatA, nirdoSatA aura nirmamatva Adi bhAvoM meM pravRtti tathA dharma ( cAritra) ke prati zraddhA prakaTa hotI hai / kAyakleza nAmaka yaha ugra tapa hai jisake sahana karane se azubha karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai / 3 karane se prazna uThatA hai ki muni ko hAthoM se hI ukhAr3a kara kezaloca karane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? yA to keza bar3hAtA hI jAya athavA aisA karanA Avazyaka 1. (ka) locaH hastAbhyAM mastaka kUrcagatabAlotpATa : -- mUlAcAravRtti 113. (kha) locaH svahastaparahastairmastaka kUrca gata ke zApanayanaM -- vahI 10 / 17. 2. laMca dhAturapanayane vartate - mUlAcAravRtti 1 / 29 tathA pAiasaddamahaNNavo pRSTha 726. 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA vijayodayA TIkA sahita gAthA 88 - 92.

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142 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ho to nAI yA ustare ke dvArA bhI to yaha karAyA jA sakatA hai / isa sambandha meM mUlAcAravRttikAra vasunandi' ne nimnalikhita chaha hetu prastuta kiye haiM1. bAloM meM sammUrchanAdi jIva utpanna ho jAte haiM, ataH aisI sthiti hI na Ane pAve / 2. pUrNa aparigrahI hone se bAla banAne ke upakaraNa rakhanA yA anya kisI se unakI yAcanA karanA munidharma ke viruddha hai / 3. svavIrya arthAt mahAdhIratA aura vIratA jaisI AtmIya zakti prakaTa karane, 4. sarvotkRSTa tapa (kAyakleza) kA AcaraNa karane, 5. rAga-dveSAdi kA nirAkaraNa karane, tathA 6. zrAmaNya ke cihna aura nirmamatva aura cAritra dharma meM dRr3hatA Adi guNoM kA jJApana karane ke lie muni ko kezaloca karanA anivArya hai| isa taraha hiMsA tathA AkulatA rUpa saMkleza, pariNAmoM se bacane ke lie nAI yA ustare Adi Azraya ke binA hAthoM se hI sira tathA dAr3hI mUchoM ke bAloM ko nikAla denA dainyavRtti, yAcanA, parigraha tathA parAbhava (apamAna) Adi doSoM ke parityAga kA pratIka hai| isIlie zramaNa ke mUlaguNoM meM ise antarbhUta bhI kiyA gyaa| ___zvetAmbara paramparA ke grantha kalpasUtracUNi meM kahA hai keza bar3hane se jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai kyoMki keza bhIgane se jU utpanna hote haiM / sira khujalAne para unakI hiMsA aura sira meM nakhakSata ho jAtA hai| kSure (ustare) yA kaiMcI se bAloM ko kATane se AjJAbhaMga doSa ke sAtha-sAtha saMyama aura cAritra kI virAdhanA hotI hai / nAI apane ustare aura kaiMcI ko sacitta jala se sApha karatA hai ataH pazcAtkarmadoSa hotA hai / jainazAsana kI avahelanA bhI hotI hai| ina saba dRSTiyoM se zramaNoM ko hAthoM se kezalaMcana karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| dazavakAlika kI hAribhadrIyavRtti meM loca ko kAyakleza nAmaka tapa mAnA hai| isameM kAyakleza ke vIgasana, ukar3a Asana aura loca-ye mukhya bheda batAye haiM / yahA~ kahA gayA hai ki loca karane se nirlepatA, pazcAt-karmavarjana, puraHkarma varjana aura kaSTasahiSNutA-ye cAra guNa prApta hote haiN|" 1. locaH bAlotpATanaM hastena mastakake zazmazrUNAmapanayanaM jIvasammUrchanAdi pari hArArtha rAgAdinirAkaraNArtha svavIryaprakaTanArthaM sarvotkRSTatapazcaraNArthaM liMgAdi guNajJApanArthaM ceti-mUlAcAravRtti 1129. 2. luca dhAturapanayane vartate taccApanayanaM kSurAdinApi sambhavati / tatkimartha mutpATanaM mastake kezAnAM zmazrUNAM ceti cennaiSa doSaH, dainyavRttiyAcanaparigraha paribhavAdidoSaparityAgAditi-mUlAcAra vRtti 1 / 29. 3. kalpasUtracUNi 284, evaM kalpasUtra subodhikA TIkA patra 190-191. 4. dazavaikAlika (13 / 33.) hAribhadrIyavRtti patra saM0 28-29.

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mUlaguNa : 143 kezaloca kI vidhi : jainadharma ke anusAra zramaNa ke lie loca-mUlaguNa kA anivArya rUpa se pAlana karane kA vidhAna prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke samaya se lekara aba taka calA A rahA hai| isameM nirvikAra pravRtti hone se ratnatraya meM udyamazIlatA kA bar3hanA svAbhAvika hai / loca kI vidhi aura svarUpa ke viSaya meM vaTTakera ne kahA hai ki dina meM pratikramaNa aura upavAsapUrvaka do, tIna, cAra mAsa meM kramazaH utkRSTa, madhyama aura jaghanya rUpa se kezaloca karanA cAhie / yahA~ utkRSTa madhyama aura jaghanya-bheda se loca tIna prakAra kA batalAyA hai| arthAt do mahIne ke pUrNa hone yA apUrNa rahane para dina meM pratikramaNa aura upavAsapUrvaka kezaloca karanA utkRSTa loca kahalAtA hai| tIna mahInoM ke pUrNa hone yA apUrNa rahane para madhyama aura pratyeka cAra mahInoM ke pUrNa hone yA apUrNa rahane para kezaloca karanA jaghanya loca hai / kintu cAra mAsa se adhika nahIM honA caahie| pratyeka loca upavAsa aura mauna pUrvaka dina meM hI karane kA vidhAna hai| pAkSika, cAturmAsika Adi pratikramaNa ke dina athavA binA pratikramaNa ke bhI loca kiyA jA sakatA hai| kezaloca karane ke pazcAt bhI pratikramaNa karanA caahie| sira, mUcha tathA dAr3hI ke bAloM kA hI loca karane kA hI vidhAna hai,5 guhyAGgoM ke bAloM kA nhiiN| brahmacarya kI rakSArtha bhI aisA Avazyaka hai / mastaka dAr3hI aura mUMcha ke bAloM ko hAtha kI aMguliyoM se pakar3akara sira ke dAhinI ora se prArambha kara bAyIM ora pradakSiNA-Avarta rUpa se loca karanA caahie| sira meM bhasma lagAkara bhI loca kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1. viyatiyacaukkamAse loco ukkassamajjhimajahaNNo / sapaDikkamaNe divase uvavAseNeva kAyavvo ||muulaacaar 1 / 29. 2. sapratikramaNe divase pAkSika cAturmAsikAdo upavAsenaiva dvayormAsayoryat keza zmazrUtpATanaM sa utkRSTo locaH / mUlAcAra vRtti 1 / 29. 3. mUlAcAravRtti 1129. 4. pratikramaNarahite'pi divase locasyaM smbhvH|""locN kRtvA pratikramaNaM kartavya miti-vahI 1129. 5. vahI 113,29, 10 / 17. tathA vijadayodayA TIkA 89. 6. pracchAdyadezalomAnvitaH-vijayodayA TIkA. 95. 7. pradakSiNAvartaH kezazmazruviSayaH hastAMgulIbhireva saMpAdyaH dvitricturmaasgocrH| -vijayodayATIkA gAthA 89, pRSTha 224. 8. kaNa vi appau vaMciu siru lucivi chAreNa-paramAtma prakAza 2 / 90.

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144 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana isa prakAra saMsAra virakti ke pramukha kAraNoM meM tathA svAdhInatA, nirdoSatA Adi guNoM ke kAraNa isa mUlaguNa kA zramaNa jIvana meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / vaidika paramparA meM yajurveda ke rudrAdhyAya meM "kuluJcAnAM pataye namo namaH' kahakara kezaloca karane vAloM ke svAmI ko bArambAra namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| isameM jaina paramparA ke zramaNoM meM isa guNa kI prAcIna paramparA tathA usake prati AdarabhAva bhI prakaTa hotA hai / Acelakya : cela zabda kA sAmAnya artha 'vastra' hai| yahA~ cela zabda upalakSaNa mAtra hai / kintu zramaNAcAra ke prasaMga meM cela zabda 'sampUrNa parigrahoM' kA dyotaka hai / cela ke parihAra (tyAga) se sampUrNa parigraha kA parihAra ho jAtA hai| isI tyAga kI dRSTi se jisake pAsa vastrAbhUSaNAdi nahIM hai vaha acelaka aura acelaka kA bhAva Acelakya hai / 2 acelakatva sampUrNa aparigrahI hone kA cihna hai / yaha utsarga liMga hai / ataH zramaNa ko mana, vacana aura kAya se zarIra Dhakane ke lie vastra ke grahaNa kA niSedha hai|4 vaTTa kera ne kahA hai-vastra, ajina (mRgacarma), valkala (vRkSa kI chAla yA tvacA) patte, tRNAdi se zarIra na DhakanA, sabhI prakAra ke vastrAbhUSaNoM evaM parigrahoM se sarvathA rahita hokara nirgrantha (nagna) rahanA jagatpUjya Acelakya mUlaguNa hai|5 vaTTakera ne mUlAcAra meM Acelakya (nagnatva) ke lie 'jahAjAda' (yathAjAta), NiraMbarA (nirambarA) Adi zabdoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| vastutaH upadhi (vastrAdi upakaraNoM) ke bhAra se pUrNata mukta vyutsRSTAGga vAle arthAt zarIra ke avayavoM ke prati Asakti rahita, nirambara arthAt kapar3oM se rahita, dhIra, nirlobhI, parizuddha arthAt mana-vacana-kAya se zuddha AcaraNa vAle sAdhu hI siddhi 1. celazabdena sarvo'pi vastrAdiparigrahaH ucyate, celaparihAreNa sarvasya parigrahasya parihAraH-mUlAcAravRtti 10 / 17. 2. celaM vastraM, upalakSaNamAtrametat, tenasarvaparigrahaH zrAmaNyAyogyaH celazabde nocyate, na vidyate celaM yasyAsAvacelakaH acelakasya bhAvo'celakatvaM vastrA bharaNAdi parityAgaH / vahI 1 / 3. 3. acelakattvaM naiHsaMgyacihnam-vahI 10 / 17. 4. celaM vastraM tasya manovAkkAyaiH saMvaraNArthamagrahaNam-vahI 1130. 5. vatthAjiNavakkeNa ya ahavA pattAiNA asaMvaraNaM / NibhUsaNaM NiggaMthaM accelakkaM jagadi pUjjaM ||muulaacaar 1 / 30. 6. vahI 9 / 15, 30.

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mUlaguNa : 145 kA anveSaNa karate haiM / bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke anusAra yadi zramaNa vastra mAtra kA tyAga karane para bhI dUsare parigrahoM se yukta hai to use saMyata nahIM kahA jA sakatA, ataH vastra ke sAtha-sAtha sampUrNa parigraha kA bhI tyAga kara denA acelakatva hai / isase lobhAdi kaSAyoM kI nivRtti evaM tyAga dharma meM pravRtti tathA lAghava guNa kI prApti hotI hai / nirvastra zramaNa uThane baiThane, gamana karane Adi kAryoM meM apratibaddha hote haiM / jitendriya, bala aura vIrya Adi guNa bhI usameM pragaTa hote haiM / , bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kahA hai ki zramaNoM ke lie acelakatva (nagnatA) guNa mokSa yAtrA ke sAdhanabhUta ratnatraya aura guNIpane kA cihna hai / isase zrAvakoM ko dAnAdi meM pravRtti bhI hotI hai / jagat-pratyayatA arthAt sampUrNa jagat (prANiyoM) kI isa para zraddhA hotI hai / AtmasthiratA guNa utpanna hotA hai / sAtha hI gRhasthoM se bhinnatA dikhatI hai / parigraha kA lAghava apratilekhana, gatabhayatva, sammUrchana jIvoM kA bacAva aura parikarma arthAt vastra mAMganA, silAnA, ghonA, sukhAnA Adi kAryoM kA tyAga -- ye guNa vastra rahita (nagna) veSa dhAraNa karane meM haiN| Age batAyA hai ki nirvastra mudrA vizvAsa utpanna karAne vAlA hotA hai, viSaya bhogoM se hone vAle kSaNika zArIrika sukhoM ke prati anAdara bhAva prApta hotA hai, sarvatra AtmavazatA yA svAdhInatA rahatI hai tathA zItAdi parISahoM ke sahana kI zakti prApta hotI hai / " acelakatva se sparzanAdi indriyA~ apane viSayoM meM samiti yukta pravRtti karatI haiM / sthAna, Asana, zayana ityAdi kriyAoM meM bhI samiti yukta pravRtti hotI hai / gupti kA pAlana hone se zarIra ke prati mamatva dUra hotA hai / yaha mudrA jinendra bhagavAn kA pratirUpa hai / vIryAcAra kA pravartana tathA rAgAdi doSoM ko dUra karatI hai / isa prakAra acelakatva (nagnatA ) meM aneka guNa samAviSTa haiM / isIlie saMyama vighAta, vyAkulatA, yAcanA, krodhAdi doSoM se bacane ke lie zramaNa rAga 1. upadhibhara vippamukkA vosaTTaMgA NiraMbarA dhIrA / nikkicaNa parisuddhA sAdhU siddhi vi maggati / / mUlAcAra 9 / 30. 2. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1124. 3. vahI, vijayodayA TIkA 421, pR0 610-611. 4. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 82, 83. 5. vissAsakaraM rUvaM aNAdaro visayadehasukkhesu / savvatya apavasadA parisaha adhivAsaNA ceva // / vahI, 84. 6. vahI 86, 85. 10

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146 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana bhAva ko dUra karane ke lie sadA pavitra digmaNDala rUpa avinazvara ambara (vastra) arthAt digambara mudrA kA Azraya lete haiN|' mokkhapAhuDa ke anusAra jo aMDaja (rezamI Adi), boNDaja (kasija), valkaja arthAt jUTa, sana tathA chAla ke vastra, carmaja aura romaja (UnI Adi)-ye pAMca prakAra ke athavA inameM se koI eka bhI vastra dhAraNa karatA hai, parigraha grahaNa karatA hai tathA jisakA svabhAva yAcanAyukta hai aura adhaHkarma (zAstra virUddha niMdyakarma) meM jinakI pravRtti hai ve zramaNa mokSamArga se patita haiN| jaisA ki pUrva meM bhI ullikhita kiyA gayA hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA ke ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM bhI Acelakya (nagnatA) guNa kI aneka prasaMgoM meM prazaMsA aura pratiSThA ke ullekha milate haiN| parISahoM tathA zramaNa ke dasa sthitikalpoM meM acelakatA kA vidhAna hai| AcArAMga meM kahA hai-"jo muni nirvastra rahatA hai vaha avamaudarya tapa kA anuzIlana karatA hai / sAdhaka ko antarbAhya pranthiyoM se mukta hokara vicaraNa karanA cAhie / AcArAMga meM hI lajjAkArI arthAt acela parISaha tathA alajjAkArI zItAdi parISaha sahate hue parivrajana karane kA ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki dharmakSetra meM unheM nagna kahA gayA hai jo dIkSita hokara punaH gRhavAsa meM nahIM Ate / " sUtrakRtAGga meM bhI nagnatA kI pratiSThA zramaNa ke lie nirdiSTa hai / sthAnAMga meM pAMca sthAnoM para acelaka ko prazasta batAyA hai| 1. acelaka ke pratilekhanA alpa hotI hai / 2. usakA lAghava (upakaraNa tathA kaSAya ko alpatA) prazasta hotA hai / 3. usakA rUpa (veSa) vaizvAsikavizvAsa ke yogya hotA hai| 4. usakA tapa anujJAta arthAt jinAnumata hotA 1. padmanaMdi paMcaviMzatikA 1.41. 2. je paMcacelasattA gaMthaggAhIya jAyaNAsIlA / AdhAkammammi rayA te cattA mokkhamaggammi // mokkhapAhuDa 79. 3. je acele parivusie saMcikkhati omoyariyAe-AcArAMga 6 / 2 / 40. 4. gaMthehiM vivittehiM AukAlassa pArae-vahI 1188. 5. je hirI je ya ahirImaNA / ete bho! NagiNA vuttA je logaMsi aNAgamaNa dhammiNo-vahI 6 / 2 / 45. 6. jassaTThAe kIraI naggabhAve muDabhAve-sUtrakRtAGga, sUtra 714 pR0 185. paMcahi ThANehiM acelae pasatthe bhavati, taM jahA-appA paDilehA, lAghavie pasatthe, rUve vesAsie, tave aNuNNAte, viule iMdiyaNiggahe-sthAnAMga 513, acelapadaM sUtra 201 (ThANaM pR0 630).

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mUlaguNa : 147 'mA hai / 5. usake vipula indriya-nigraha hotA hai / Acelakya ke prAyaH isI prakAra ke guNa bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM batAye haiN|' uttarAdhyayana meM kahA hai-bhante ! upadhi (vastrAdi upakaraNa) ke pratyAkhyAna (tyAga) se jIva ko kyA prApta hotA hai ? isa prazna ke uttara meM kahA hai ki upadhi ke pratyAkhyAna se jIva svAdhyAyadhyAna meM hone vAlI kSati se baca jAtA hai| upadhi rahita muni AkAMkSA se mukta hokara upadhi ke abhAva meM mAnasika saMkleza ko prApta nahIM hotaa| ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM jinakalpI muniyoM kI bhI zreSThatApUrNa prazaMsA kA ullekha sarvatra ullikhita hai, jo ki digambara mudrA dhAraNa karate the| __vastutaH bhagavAn mahAvIra ne saba pApoM kA mUla parigraha mAnA aura apane jIvana meM nagnatA ko svIkAra kara acela dharma kA pratipAdana kiyaa| isIlie unhoMne vastra kI gA~Tha nahIM bA~dhI aura na aisA karane kA upadeza hI diyA tAki isa eka gAMTha ke pIche antaH aura bAhya kI aneka gA~The arthAt paratantratAyeM evaM AkulatAyeM baMdha jAtI haiN| isIlie ve antarbAhya kI sabhI gA~The kholakara nirgrantha baneM aura usI dharma kA pratipAdana bhI kiyaa| vaidika paramparA ke aneka granthoM meM bhI Acelakya guNa kA bahumAna ullekhanIya hai / isa paramparA meM paramahaMsa sanyAsiyoM kA svarUpa to aisA batAyA gayA hai mAno nirgrantha sAdhu ko dhyAna meM rakha kara likhA gayA ho / kahA hai-jo nagna rUpa dhAraka, nirgrantha, parigraharahita, brahmamArga meM uttama rIti se lagA huA, zuddha hRdaya, bhojana ke samaya prANa dhAraNa karane ke lie udara-pUti ke yogya bhikSA letA hai, lAbha aura hAni meM samAnarUpa se rahane vAlA, zUnyaghara, devamaMdira, ghAsa ke Dhera, valmIka aura vRkSa ke mUla prabhRti meM rahane vAlA, zukladhyAna meM tatpara, AtmasvarUpa meM lIna, azubha karma kA nAza karane meM udyata rahatA huA sanyAsapUrvaka maraNa karanevAlA paramahaMsa hai| turIyAtIta sanyAsI ke svarUpa meM batAyA hai ki sarva prakAra ke tyAgI, gomukha vRtti se phala va annAhAra karane 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 83,84. 2. uttarAdhyayana 29 // 35. 3. yathAjAtarUpadharo nirgrantho niSparigrahastattat brahmamArge samyaksaMpannaH zuddha mAnasaH prANasaMdhAraNArtha yathoktakAle vimukto bhaikSamAcarannudarapAtreNa lAbhAlAbhayoH samo bhUtvA zUnyAgAradevagRhatRNakUTavalmIkavRkSamUlakulAlazAlAgnihotragRhanadIpulinagirikuharakandarakoTaranirjharasthaNDileSu teSvaniketavAsaprayatno nirmamaH zukladhyAnaparAyaNo'dhyAtmaniSTho'zubhakarmanimUlaparaH sanyAsena dehatyAgaM karoti saH paramahaMso nAmeti-atharvaveda-jAbAlopaniSat sUtra 6, (saMyama prakAza pR0 155 se uddhRta).

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148 * mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vAlA, jisakI dehamAtra avaziSTa hai aura dizAoM ko hI apanA vastra samajha kara nagna rahane vAlA mRtaka ke samAna apanI zarIravRtti karane vAlA turIyAtIta sanyAsI kahalAtA hai / " taittarIyAraNyaka meM likhA hai - kaMthA, laMgoTI, dupaTTA Adi tyAgakara nagnarUpa ke dhAraka nirgrantha parigraha rahita hote haiM / isI prakAra aura bhI aneka granthoM meM Avelakya kA varNana hai / asnAna (aNhANa) : jina zramaNoM kI sampUrNa dainika jIvanacaryA saMyama aura sAdhanAmaya ho, saMyamita tathA saMtulita AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra ho, jo sadA Atmazuddhi meM hIM nirata hoM unheM zarIra zuddhi ke lie svabhAvataH snAnAdi kI AvazyakatA nahIM raha jAtI / kyoMki vizuddha AtmArUpI nadI meM snAna karanA hI parama pavitratA hai / laukika gaMgA Adi tIrthoM meM snAna mAtra se zucitA nahIM AtI / saMyamarUpI jala se bharI satyarUpI pravAha, zIlarUpI taTa aura dayArUpI taraMgoM ko dhAraNa karane vAlI AtmA hI nadI hai / mUlAcAravRtti meM kahA haizramaNa ko snAna se nahIM apitu vratoM se pavitra honA cAhie / yadi vrata rahita prANi jalAvagAhanAdi se pavitra ho jAte to matsya, magara Adi jalajantu tathA anya sAmAnya jantu bhI pavitra ho jAte kintu kabhI bhI usase pavitratA ko prApta nahIM hote / itanA hI nahIM jo rAga-dveSa ke mada se unmatta haiM aura indriyoM ke vazIbhUta rahate haiM ye saikar3oM tIrthoM meM snAna karane para bhI kabhI zuddha nahIM hote / ataH brahmacarya se yukta aura Atmika AcAra meM lIna muniyoM ke lie snAna kI AvazyakatA nahIM / vrata, niyama, saMyama hI pavitratA ke kAraNa hai / isalie jo brahmacarya vrata kA pAlana karate haiM, unheM jala ke dvArA zuddhi karane se kyA 7 1. turIyAtIto gomukhavRtyA phalAhArI annAhArI ced gRhatraye dehamAtrAvaziSTo digambara : kuNapavaccharIravRttikaH kaH - bhagavat gItA TIkA 18 12. 2. kaMthAkaupInottarAsaMgAdInAM tyAgino yathAjAtarUpadharAH nirgranthA niSparigrahAH - taittarIyAraNyaka prapATha 10. anuvAkya 63 vairAgya prakaraNa. 3. maitreyopaniSad 3.19, dattAtreya sahasranAma 2, nArada - pArivrAjakopaniSad 3, 4, 5 upadezaka, turIyAtItopaniSad, sanyAsopaniSad, bhikSukopaniSad, vairAgyazataka 51, 69. 77. 4. dravya saMgraha TIkA 35, pR0 109. 5. mUlAcAravRtti 1131. 6. anagAra dharmAmRta svopajJa TIkA 9198, pR0 701. 7. mUlAcAravRtti 1 / 31.

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mUlaguNa : 149 prayojana ? azuddhi kA koI kAraNa hI nahIM hai, kyoMki-AtmadarzI zramaNa to AtmA kI pavitratA se svayaM pavitra hote haiM / ' snAna to Arambha-janita pApa hai ho, vaha zarIra zrRMgAra kA bhI eka rUpa hai| isase apane zarIra ke prati mamattva bar3hatA hai tathA AkarSita karane kI bhAvanA bhI isase banatI hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA hai ki jalasnAna se siddhi batalAne vAle mRSA bolate haiN| ajJAna ko dUra karake dekho ki trasa aura sthAvara saba prANI sukhAbhilASI haiM / ataH ina jIvoM kI ghAtakriyA na kro| jo acitta jala se bhI snAna karatA hai vaha 'nAgnya' (zramaNabhAva) ___uparyukta sabhI kAraNoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara AcArya va kera ne kahA ki indriyasaMyama aura prANI-saMyama ke pAlana hetu snAnAdi arthAt jala-snAna, ubaTana, aMjana, lepana Adi kA varjanakara, sabhI aMgoM ko jalla, mala aura sveda se vilipta rakhanA asnAna nAmaka prakRSTa mUlaguNa hai / / bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI kahA hai ki zramaNa jalasnAna, abhyaMga snAna aura ubaTana kA tyAga tathA nakha, keza, danta, oSTha, kAna, nAka, mu~ha, A~kha, bhauMha tathA hAtha-paira Adi ke saMskAra chor3e dete haiN| vastutaH asnAna mUlaguNa ke vidhAna meM jahA~ zarIra ke prati anAsakta bhAva aura Atmika guNoM ke jAgaraNa kI ora nirata bane rahane kA bhAva hai vahIM brahmacarya mahAvrata ke pAlana meM bhI yaha sahAyaka hai / kyoMki asnAna se tAtparya mAtra jalasnAna kA niSedha nahIM hai apitu ubaTana, mAliza Adi zarIra (zRGgAra) aura usake saMvardhana ke sabhI sAdhanoM kA niSedha hai / bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke hI anusAra brahmacArI zramaNa ko dhUpa, gandha, mAlya, mukhavAsa (mukha ko suvAsita karane vAle dravyoM kA mizraNa), saMvAhaNa (hAthoM se zarIra kI mAliza), parimardana (pairoM se zarIra dabavAnA) tathA piNiddhaNa (kandhoM ko unnata aura dRr3ha banAne ke lie unheM 1. na brahmacAriNAmartho vizeSAdAtmadarzinAm / jalazuddhayAthavA yAvaddoSa sApi matAhataiH // anagAra dharmAmRta 9198. 2. sUtrakRtAMga prathama zrutaskandha 7 / 17-21 (aMgasuttANi bhAga 1 pR0 307-308.) 3. hANAdivajjaNeNa ya vilittajallamalasedasavvaMgaM / aNhANaM ghoraguNaM saMjamadugapAlayaM muNiNo / / mUlAcAra 1 / 31. 4. siNhANabhaMgunvaTTaNANi NahakesamaMsusaMThappaM / daMtoTThakaNNamuhaNAsiyacchibhamuhAiMsaMThappaM ||bhgvtii ArAdhanA 93.

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150 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kUTanA) Adi kA tyAga kara denA cAhie / jalla lipta, rUkSa, loca se vikRta, nakha, roma Adi se yukta zarIra ko brahmacarya kI gupti kahA hai / ' zarIra saMvardhana tathA vibhUSA ke lie vividha sAdhanoM kA prayoga brahmacarya ke lie ghAtaka mAnA jAtA hai / jisakI manovRtti vibhUSA karane kI hotI hai, vaha zarIra ko sajAtA hai phalataH vaha strIjana ke dvArA prArthanIya hotA hai| striyoM kI prArthanA pAkara vaha brahmacarya meM saMdigdha ho jAtA hai| use brahmacarya meM zaMkA, kAMkSA yA vicikitsA utpanna hotI hai| isase brahmacarya kA vinAza hotA hai aura vaha kevalI-prarUpita dharma se bhraSTa ho jAtA hai / ataH nirgrantha vibhUSAnupAtI na bane / 2 kyoMki nagna, muMDita aura dIrgha roma aura nakha vAle brahya cArI zramaNa ke lie vibhUSA se kyA prayojana ? isIlie muni zIta yA uSNa jala se snAna nahIM karate / ve jIvanaparyanta ghora asnAna vrata kA pAlana karate haiM / 2 dazakAlika cUNi meM kahA hai ki sukSma prANI kI bhI jahA~ hiMsA na hotI ho, taba bhI snAna nahIM karanA cAhie / kyoMki snAna karane se brahmacarya kI agupti hotI hai, asnAna rUpa kAya-kleza tapa nahIM hotA aura vibhUSA kA doSa lagatA hai| jo rogI yA nirogI sAdhu snAna karane kI abhilASA karatA hai usake AcAra kA ullaMghana tathA usakA saMyama parityakta hotA hai| garmI se pIr3ita hone para bhI medhAvI muni ko snAna kI icchA, jala se zarIra kA siMcana tathA paMkhe Adi se havA nahIM karanI caahie| jinakA AhAra-vihAra aprAkRtika hotA hai snAnAdi kI unheM AvazyakatA hotI hai / zramaNa kI AhAra-vihAra Adi jIvana-paddhati pUrNataH prAkRtika hotI hai| dina meM mAtra eka bAra prAsuka, parimita evaM sAdA AhAra lenA aura usI samaya hI prAsuka (garma) jala pI lenA, niyamAnusAra upavAsa Adi karate rahanA, 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 94, 95, dazavakAlika 6 / 63. 2. uttarAdhyayana 16 // 11. 3. nagiNassa vA vi muMDassa dIharomanahasiNo / mehuNA uvasaMtassa kiM vibhUsAe kAriyaM / tamhA te na siNAyaMti sIeNa usiNeNa vA / jAvajjIvaM vayaM ghoraM asiNANamahiTThagA / dazavaikAlika 6 / 64, 62. 4. dazavakAlika kI jinadAsa mahattara kRta cUNi pR0 232. 5. vAhio vA arogI vA siNANaM jo u patthae / vokkato hoi AyAro jaDho havai saMjamo // dazakAlika 6 / 60. 6. uNhAhitatte mehAvI siNANaM no vi patthae / gAyaM no parisiMcejjA na vIejjA ya appayaM // uttarAdhyayana 2 / 9.

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mUlaguNa : 151 sAMsArika kriyAoM se pUrNataH virata rahanA, ekAntavAsa karanA, nirantara dhyAna, adhyayana, manana-ciMtana meM lage rahanA Adi rUpa meM zramaNoM kA jIvana prAkRtika hotA hai / sabhI kriyAyeM niyamabaddha hone se unake zarIra kI dhAtu, upadhAtu Adi sabhI prAkRtika avasthA meM rahate haiN| aisI avasthA meM unheM snAnAdi kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rahatI / isalie sAdhAraNa gRhasthoM ko kaThina pratIta hone vAle asnAna mUlaguNa kA pAlana zramaNa sahaja rUpa meM kara lete haiM / kSitizayana (khidisayaNa) : manuSya paryAya kI durlabhatA evaM usake mUlya ko zramaNa acchI taraha jAnate haiM / ve alpakAla hI nidrA meM vyatIta karate haiN| nidrA-vijayI hone kA artha bhI anAvazyaka nIMda na lenA hai| tAki jIvana meM pramAda na A sake / isa dRSTi ko dhyAna meM rakhakara sAmAnyataH paryaGka, vistara Adi kA sarvathA varjana karake zuddha bhUmi meM zayana karanA kSitizayana yA bhUmizayana hai| mUlAcAra meM kahA haiAtmapramANa, asaMstarita (vistara rahita), ekAnta, prAsuka (jIva-jantu rahita vizuddha) bhUmi meM dhanurdaNDAkAra mudrA meM eka pArzva (karavaTa) se zayana karanA kSitizayana mUlaguNa hai|' zayana mudrAoM ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki muni ko auMdhe (ulTa) yA sIdhe (Upara mukha, peTa tathA pUre hAtha-paira pasArakara) nahIM sonA cAhie apitu dAyeM yA vAyeM kisI eka pArzva se paira sameTakara dhanuSAkAra mudrA meM leTakara sonA cAhie / isase cAritra pAlana meM bAdhA upasthita nahIM hotii| AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki zayana ke pUrva zramaNa ko sira se paira taka pUre zarIra ko pramAjita karake yatnAcArapUrvaka zayana karanA cAhie / ardharAtri se do ghar3I pahale aura do ghar3I bAda-cAra ghar3I kA samaya svAdhyAya ke ayogya mAnA gayA hai| ataH sAdhujana thor3e samaya ko yoganidrA dvArA zArIrika thakAna ko dUra karane ke lie kSaNayoga nidrA grahaNa karate haiM / vastutaH nidrA bhI yoga ke tulya hai| kyoMki nidrA meM indriya, AtmA, mana aura zvAsa sUkSma avasthA rUpa ho jAte haiM / ataH pratidina rAtri meM sAdhujana rAtriyoga ko 1. phAsuyabhUmipaese appamasaMthAridamhi pacchaNNe / daMDaMdhaNuvva sejjaM khidisayaNaM eyapAseNa / / mUlAcAra 1132, 2. mUlAcAravRtti 1132. 3. AcArAMga 2 / 3 / 108. 4. anagAra dharmAmRta 97.

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152 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana dhAraNa karate haiM aura prAtaH hone para use samApta kara dete haiM / yoga se tAtparya zuddha cidrUpa meM yathAzakti cintA kA nirodha arthAt zuddhopayoga hai / sAdhu rAtra meM upayoga kI zuddhatA ke lie rAtriyoga dhAraNa karate haiM / isake lie ArAmadAyaka zayanAsana nahIM apitu prAsuka bhUmi pradeza meM zayana karanA kSitizayana mUlaguNa hai / zayana se brahmacarya mahAvrata meM dRr3hatA, nidrAvijaya, rAga evaM pramAda kI hAni tathA utkRSTa saMvega prakaTa hotA hai / jabaki komala zayyA doSotpAdaka gAr3ha nidrA lAne vAlI hai / yogiyoM ke lie yaha nidrA samasta pramAdoM meM prabala pramAda hai / ataH zramaNa ko Atmasiddhi ke lie Unodara aura bhUzayana Adi ke dvArA nidrA para vijaya prApta karanA cAhie / yaha mUlaguNa dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna Adi yoga sAdhanA kA kAraNa tathA yogAdi se utpanna parizrama ko zAMta karane kA upAya hai / 1 mUlAcAra tathA paravartI granthoM meM varNita isa mUlaguNa ke svarUpa ko dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki bAda meM isake pratipAdana meM parivartana huA / mUlAcArakAra Adi ne jahA~ asaMstarita prAsuka bhUmi pradeza meM zayana karane ko kahA vahA~ vRttikAra vasunandi ne isa vidhAna ke samarthana ke sAtha ho yaha bhI likhA ki jisameM bahusaMyama vidhAta na ho aisA AtmapramANa tRNamaya, kASThamaya, zilAmaya saMstara bhI zayana ke lie ho sakatA hai / anagAra dharmAmRta meM kahA hai ki sAdhu ko tRNa Adi ke AcchAdana se rahita bhUmi pradeza athavA apane dvArA mAmUlI sI AcchAdita bhUmi meM, jisakA pariNAma apane zarIra ke barAbara ho athavA tRNa Adi kI zayyA para na Upara ko mukha karake aura na nIce ko mukha karake sona cAhie 13 adantagharSaNa (avaMtamaNa yA adantadhAvana ) : zarIra viSayaka saMskAra zramaNa ko pUrNataH niSiddha haiM / ataH apane zarI 1. mUlAcAra pradIpa 4 / 279-285. 2. yena saMyamavighAto ca bhavati tasmin tRNamaye zilAmaye bhUmipradeze ca saMstare - mUlAcAravRtti 1 / 32. 3. anuttAno'navAG svapyAd bhUdeze'saMstRte svayam / svamAtre saMstRte'lpaM vA tRNAdizayane'pi vA // anagAradharmAmRta 9 / 91. 4. muhaNAyaNadaMtadhovaNamugvaTTaNa pAdadhoyaNaM ceva / saMvAhaNa parimaddaNa sarIrasaMThAvaNaM savvaM // dhUvaNaM vamaNa vireyaNa aMjaNaM abbhaMga levaNaM ceva / tya vatthiyakammaM siravejjhaM appaNo savvaM // / mUlAcAra 9 / 71, 72.

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mUlaguNa : 153 kA kicit bhI saMskAra nahIM karate / ' mukha, netra aura dA~toM kA prakSAlana, zovana, udvartana ( sugandhita dravya se ubaTana ), pAda pakSAlana, saMvAhana ( aMgamardana ), ( muSTi se zarIra dabAnA) aura zarIra-saMsthApana ( kASTha - paMtra se zarIra pIr3ana) muni nahIM karate / tathA dhUpana ( zarIra ke avayavoM ko dhUpa se sugaMdhita karanA) 2 athavA roga kI AzaMkA va zoka Adi se bacane ke lie, mAnasika- AhlAda ke lie dhUpa kA prayoga re, vamana, virecana ( auSadhi Adi ke dvArA maladvAra se mala dUra karanA arthAt julAba dvArA mala ko dUra karanA ), aMjana ( netroM meM kAjala lagAnA), abhyaMga ( sugaMdhita tela se zarIra saMskAra), lepana ( candanAdi kA zarIra para lepana), nAsikAkarma, vastikarma ( zalAkA, vartikA Adi kI kriyA arthAt apAna-mArga ke dvArA sneha kA prakSepa) zirAvedha ( nasoM ko lohI se vedhakara rakta nikalanA) Adi kArya bhI muni apane zarIra saMskAra ke nimitta kabhI nahIM karate / uparyukta sabhI prakAra ke zArIrika saMskAroM ke niSedha meM "dantadhovaNa " zabda se dA~toM ke prakSAlana kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / tathA chabbIsaveM mUlaguNa ke rUpa meM ise adaMtaghaMsaNa ( adantagharSaNa ) yA adaMtamaNa ( adantamana) zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / " isake svarUpa pratipAdana ke prasaMga AcArya vaTTakera ne kahA hai ki munijana indriyasaMyama kI rakSA ke lie isa mUlaguNa kA pAlana karate haiM / ve aMgulI, nakha, avalekhanI (dantakASTha yA dAtauna), kali - (tRNa vizeSa ) pASANa aura chAla ( tvak yA valkala ) - - ina sabake dvArA tathA inake hI samAna anya sAdhanoM ke dvArA dantamala kA zodhana nahIM karate / zvetAmbara paramparA meM 1. Na karaMti kiMci sAhU parisaMThappaM sarIrammi - mUlAcAra 9 / 70. 2. 'dhUvaNaM' dhUpanaM zarIrAvayavAnAmupakaraNAnAM ca dhUpena saMskaraNam - mUlAcAravRtti 9 / 72. dhUvaNetti nAma AroggapaDikammaM karei ghUmaMpi, imAe sogAiNo na bhavissaMti - jinadAsa mahattarakRta dazavaikAlika cUrNi pR0 115. 4. virecanamauSadhAdinAdhodvAreNa malaniharaNam -- mUlAcAravRtti 9 / 72. 5. aMjanaM nayanayoH kajjalaprakSepaNam - vahI. 6. vastikarma zalAkAttikAdikriyA - vahI. 7. zirAvedhaH zirAbhyo raktApanayanam -- vahI. 8. mUlAcAra 113, 33. 9. aMguliNahAvalehaNikalIhi pAsANachaliyAdIhi / daMta malA sohaNa 3. saMjamaguttI adaMtamaNaM // mUlAcAra 1133.

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154 : mUlAcAra ko samIkSAtmaka adhyayana muni ke lie danta prakSAlana anAcAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA hai ki muni dAtona se dAMtoM kA prakSAlana na kare-unheM na dhoe / 'dazavakAlika sUtra meM bhI daMta-pradhAvana aura daMtavana ko anAcAra kahA hai / nizIthasUtra meM kahA hai ki vibhUSA ke lie apane dAMtoM ko eka dina yA pratidina ghisane, prakSAlana karane, pradhAvana karane, raMgane Adi se bhikSu doSa kA bhAgI hotA hai / isa prakAra saMyama kI rakSArtha muni isa mUlaguNa kA pAlana karate haiN| sthitabhojana (ThidibhoyaNa): / zuddhabhUmi meM khar3e hokara AhAra grahaNa karanA sthitabhojana hai / dIvAla, stambhAdi ke Azraya ke binA, samapAda khar3e hokara tIna prakAra kI bhUmi (paira rakhane kI bhUmi, jUThana girane kI bhUmi evaM AhAradAtA ke khar3e hone kI bhUmi) kI zuddhipUrvaka apane hAtha ke aMjulipuTa (pANipAtra) meM AhAra grahaNa karanA sthitabhojana nAmaka sattAIsavA~ mUlaguNa hai / isake anusAra zramaNa ko azana, pAna, khAdya, bhojya, lehya, aura peya-ina sabhI prakAra ke AhAroM ko zuddhatApUrvaka hastapAtra meM khar3e hokara grahaNa karane kA vidhAna hai / ' jaba muni khar3e-khar3e aMjuli puTa banAkara usI se AhAra lete haiM taba svayaM apane hAtha se koI vastu uThAkara, pAtra vizeSa meM, dUsaroM ke hAthoM se, baiTha kara athavA leTakara AhAra grahaNa karane kA niSedha bhI siddha ho jAtA hai| isa taraha prANisaMyama aura indriyasaMyama ke pAlana hetu jaba taka zramaNa ke hAtha-paira calate haiM arthAt zarIra meM sAmarthya hai taba taka khar3e hokara pANipAtra meM AhAra grahaNa karanA cAhie anya vizeSa pAtroM meM nahIM / 1. No daMtapakkhAlaNeNaM daMte pakkhAlejjA, No aMjaNaM, vamaNaM, No vireyaNaM, No dhUvaNe, No taM pariyAviejjA-sUtrakRtAMga dvitIya zrutaskandha 1159 (aMgasuttANi bhAga 1 pRSTha 365. 2. dazavakAlika 3 / 3. 3. dhUva-Netti vamaNe ya vatthIkamma vireyaNe / aMjaNe daMtavaNe ya gAyAbhaMgavibhUsaNe // vahI 3 / 9. 4. nizIthasUtra 15 / 130-131.. 5. aMjalipuDeNa ThiccA kuDDAivivajjaNeNa samapAyaM / / paDisuddha bhUmitie asaNaM ThidibhoyaNaM NAma // mUlAcAra 1134 asaNaM jadi vA pANaM khajja bhojaM ca lijja peja vaa| paDilehiUNa suddhaM bhujaMti pANipattesu // vahI 9 / 54. 7. mUlAcAravRtti 1134. 8. mUlAcAravRtti 1134, anagAradharmAmRta 9 / 83 .

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mUlaguNa : 155 ekabhakta (eyabhatta): dina meM eka bAra nirdhArita samaya para AhAra grahaNa karanA ekabhakta nAmaka aTThAIsavA~ mUlaguNa hai| sUryodaya ke anantara tIna ghar3I vyatIta hone para tathA sUryAsta hone ke tIna ghar3I pUrva taka, dina ke madhyakAla meM eka muhUrta, do muhUrta yA tIna muhUrta kAla meM eka bAra AhAra grahaNa karanA ekabhakta mUlaguNa hai|' uparyukta nirdhArita samaya ke andara eka muhUrta meM AhAra lenA utkRSTAcaraNa, do muhUrtoM meM madhyamAcaraNa tathA tIna muhUrta meM AhAra grahaNa karanA jaghanyAcaraNa mAnA hai| pravacanasAra meM kahA hai Unodara ( bhUkha se kama ), yathAlabdha ( jaisA prApta ho vaisA ), doSa rahita tathA rasa kI apekSA rahita bhikSAvRtti pUrvaka dina meM eka bAra prApta yuktAhAra grahaNa karanA caahie| vaise bhI saMyama, jJAna, dhyAna, adhyayana evaM sAdhanA kI vRddhi ke lie jaisA mile vaisA hI zuddha rUpa meM AhAra lenA zramaNa ko apekSita hai| isakI pUrti dina meM eka bAra grahaNa kiye sImita AhAra se hI ho jAtI hai / ekAdhika bAra AhAra grahaNa se to zithilAcAra meM hI pravRtti bar3hatI hai| amRtacaMdrasUri ne kahA hai ki dina ke prakAza meM eka bAra AhAra grahaNa karanA hI yuktAhAra hai| kyoMki utane se hI zrAmaNya paryAya kA sahakArI kAraNabhUta zarIra TikA rahatA hai / jabaki zarIra ke anurAga se aneka bAra AhAra grahaNa atyanta hiMsAyatana (Atyantika hiMsA kA sthAna ) rUpa hone ke kAraNa yuktAhAra nahIM hai / dina meM AhAra grahaNa isalie acchA kahA gayA kyoMki use samyak rUpa se dekha-bhAlakara grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| adivasa (dina ke atirikta anya samaya) meM AhAra ko samyak dekhA nahIM jA sktaa| isalie vaha anivArya rUpa meM hiMsAyatana hai tathA aise AhAra ke sevana se antaraMga azuddhi vyakta hotI hai / ___dazavakAlika ke anusAra jo trasa aura sthAvara sUkSma prANI haiM, unheM rAtri meM nahIM dekhatA huA nirgrantha eSaNA kaise kara sakatA hai ? udaka se AI aura bIjayukta bhojana tathA jIvAkula mArga dina meM TAlA jA sakatA hai para rAta meM 1. udayatthamaNe kAle NAlItiyavajjiyamhi majjhamhi / ekamhi dua tie vA muhuttakAleya bhattaM tu // mUlAcAra 1135. 2. ekkaM khalu taM bhattaM appaDipuNNodaraM jahAladdhaM / caraNaM bhikkheNa divA Na rasAvekkhaM Na madhumaMsaM / / pravacanasAra 229, 3. rayaNasAra 113. 4. pravacanasAra gAthA 229 kI tattvapradIpikAvRtti.

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156 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana TAlanA zakya nhiiN| isalie nirgrantha rAta ko bhikSAcaryA kaise kara sakatA hai ?' aura phira rAtribhojana kA niSedha to zrAvakoM taka ke lie hai taba zramaNoM ko to isakA niSedha svabhAvataH hai hii| ekabhakta mUlaguNa ke vidhAna se rAtribhojana vrata ko mUlaguNoM meM sammilita nahIM kiyA / uttarAdhyayana meM vicakSaNa bhikSu ko dina ke cAra bhAga karane kA nirdeza hai / isake antargata prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya, dUsare meM dhyAna, tIsare meM bhikSAcArI aura cauthe prahara meM punaH svAdhyAya karane ko kahA gayA hai / isa prakAra sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ne saMyama ke anukUla vRtti aura deha pAlana ke lie ekabhakta rUpa nitya tapaHkarma kA zramaNoM ko upadeza diyaa| upasaMhAra : loca se lekara ekabhakta taka ke zeSa sAta mUlaguNa zramaNa ke bAhya cihna mAne jAte haiM / antaraMga kaSAya mala kI vizuddhi ke lie bAhya kriyAoM (AcaraNa) kI zuddhatA kA bhI mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai|5 ataH ye guNa jIvana kI sahajatA, svAbhAvikatA ke pratIka hai / zramaNa ko prakRti ke sAtha tAdAtmya sthApita karane, apane ko aura apane zarIra ko kaSTasahiSNu banAne tathA lokalajjA aura lokabhaya se Upara uThane ke lie ye mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA pradAna karate haiM / bAhya jIvana meM asundara kI bhI sarvAtmabhAvena svIkRti inase saghatI hai| ina guNoM se yukta jIvana bhI apane Apa meM utkRSTa evaM kaThina tapazcaryA kA pratIka hai / inake mAdhyama se kaSTasahiSNutA, cAritra pAlana, parISaha sahana aura tapazcaraNa Adi meM sahajatA tathA Atmika vikAsa ko nirantara gatizIlatA prApta hotI rahatI hai / ina guNoM se zramaNa ko pratipala bheda-vijJAna kI yaha pratIti hotI rahatI hai ki yaha zarIra AtmA se bhinna hai aura ise suvidhAvAditA kI apekSA jitanA sahaja rakhA jAyegA Atmopalabdhi meM utanI hI vRddhi hotI rhegii| uparyukta aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM ke pAlana se zramaNa ko AvazyakatAyeM atyanta sImita ho jAtI haiN| inakA apramatta bhAva se pAlana karake zramaNa jagatpUjya hokara akSaya-sukha (mokSa) ko prApta kara sakatA hai / mUlAcArapradIpa meM kahA haiye sarvotkRSTa aura sArabhUta haiM tathA jinendradeva ne inako tapazcaraNa Adi mahAyogoM 1. dazavakAlika 6 / 23, 24. 2. mUlAcAra 5198-99. 3. uttarAdhyayana 26 / 11, 12. 4. aho niccaM tavokamma savvabuddhehiM vaNiyaM / jA ya lajjAsamA vittI egabhattaM ca bhoyaNaM / / dazavakAlika. 6 / 22. 5. matA bahiH kriyAzuddhirantarmalavizuddhaye- bhagavatIArAdhanA saMskRta padya 1396.

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mUlaguNa : 157 kA AdhArabhUta kahA hai / samasta uttaraguNoM kI prApti ke lie ye guNa mUla rUpa hai| jisa prakAra mUlarahita vRkSoM para kabhI phala nahIM laga sakate usI prakAra mUlaguNoM se rahita samasta uttaraguNa bhI kabhI phala nahIM de skte| phira bhI uttaraguNa prApta karane ke lie jo mUlaguNoM kA tyAga kara dete haiM ve apane hAtha kI aMguliyoM kI rakSA ke lie apanA mastaka kATa dete haiN| ataH ina samasta mUlaguNoM kA pUrNa prayatna ke sAtha sarvatra evaM sarvadA pAlana karanA abhISTa hai|' jaba ina mUlagaNoM ke pAlana meM zarIra azakta ho jAe arthAt jaba jaMghAbala (pairoM se calane-phirane aura khar3e hone Adi kI zakti ) kSINa ho jAe, ajulipuTa meM Aye hue AhAra ko svayaM mukha taka na le jA sake, A~kheM kamajora ho jAe~, unase sUkSma vastu dikhAI na de aura na bhojana kA zodhana kiyA jA sake tathA zrotendriya kI zakti kSINa ho jAe taba zramaNa ko bhaktapratyAkhyAna ( anukrama se AhAra tyAga karanA tathA kaSAya ko kRza karate hue samAdhimaraNa ko prApta honA ) dhAraNa kara lenA cAhie kintu grahaNa kiye hue vratoM meM zithilatA kadApi na lAnA cAhie / 1. mUlAcAra pradIpa 4 / 312-319. 2. cakkhaM va dubbalaM jassa hojja sodaM va dubbalaM jassa / jaMghAbalaparihINo jo Na samattho viharaduM vA // bhagavatI ArAdhanA 73.

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tRtIya adhyAya uttaraguNa

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uttaraguNa zramaNa ke jina aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM kA vivecana dvitIya adhyAya meM kiyA gayA unake uttaravartI pAlana yogya niyamopaniyama tathA yogAdi aneka guNa haiM jinheM uttaraguNa kahate haiN| inake mAdhyama se zramaNa AtmadhyAna aura tapazcaraNa karake AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko zakti prApta karatA hai tathA guNasthAna praNAlI meM karmakSaya karatA huA nirvANa pada ko prApta karatA hai / aparAjitasUri ne uttaraguNa kI paribhASA meM kahA hai ki vratoM ke anantara arthAt uttara kAla meM jinakA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai una anazana Adi tapoM ko uttaraguNa kahate haiN|' samyagdarzana aura samyakjJAna ke uttarakAla meM cAritra ko utpatti hotI hai ataH cAritra arthAt saMyama ko uttaraguNa kahate haiM / 2 jisane saMyama dhAraNa kiyA hai usako sAmAyika Adi tathA anazana Adi bhI hote haiM ataH sAmAyikAdi tathA anazanAdi tapa ko uttaraguNa saMjJA prApta hai / vastutaH zramaNa AgAmI karmoM ke saMvara tathA pUrva saMcita karmoM kI nirjarA hetu uttaraguNoM kA pAlana karate haiN| AtApana Adi trikAlayoga bhI uttaraguNa haiM / sakalakIrti ke isa kathana se mUlaguNoM aura uttaraguNoM kA paraspara sambandha siddha hai ki jisa prakAra nUlarahita vRkSa kisI prakAra ke phala utpanna nahIM kara sakate usI prakAra mUlaguNoM se rahita samasta uttaraguNa kabhI phala dene vAle nahIM ho skte| uttaraguNa prApta karane ke lie jo mUlaguNoM kA tyAga kara dete haiM ve to mAno apane hAtha kI aMguliyoM kI rakSArtha apanA hI ziraccheda kara dete haiM / isa prakAra zramaNa jIvana meM Atmika utkarSa kI dRSTi se uttaraguNoM ke pAlana ko apanI mahattA hai kintu mUlaguNoM ke mUlya para mAtra uttaraguNoM kI rakSA 1. vratottarakAlabhAvitatvAdanazanAdikaM uttaraguNa iti ucyate -bhagavatI ArAdhanA vijayodayA TIkA gAthA 116 pRSTha 277 2. samyagdarzanajJAnAbhyAmuttarakAlabhAvitvAtsaMyamaH uttaraguNazabdenocyate / -vahI, pRSTha 273. 3. parigRhItasaMyamasya sAmAyikAdikaM anazanAdikaM ca vartate iti uttaraguNatvaM sAmAyikAdestapasazca-vahI pRSTha 277. 4. kRtsnottaraguNA yasmAddhInAH mUlaguNaiH satAm / / paraM phalaM na kurvanti mUlahInA yathAghripAH // yatrotta guNAdyAptyai tyajanti mUlasadguNAn / te karAMgulikoTyartha chidanti svaziraH zaThAH // -mUlAcArapradIpa 4 / 314, 315 pRSTha 177.

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162 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana yogya nahIM hai, kyoMki mUlaguNoM ke anantara pAlana kiye jAne vAle uttaraguNoM meM dRr3hatA inhIM mUlaguNoM ke nimitta se hI prApta hotI hai / uttaraguNa ke bheda : mUlaguNoM kI aTThAIsa saMkhyA nirdhArita hai / uttaraguNoM ke bhedoM kI koI eka nirdhArita saMkhyA nahIM hai kyoMki mUlaguNoM ke anantara zramaNa ke pAlana yogya sabhI guNoM ko uttaraguNa kahA jA sakatA hai / mUlaguNoM ke atirikta bAda ke sabhI guNa yA vrata yogAdi uttara - guNoM ke antargata A jAte haiM / tabhI to uttaraguNoM kI bheda saMkhyA caurAsI lAkha taka mAnI gaI hai / sAmAnyataH bAraha tapa, bAIsa parISaha, bAraha bhAvanAyeM, darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa aura vIrya - ye pA~ca prakAra ke AcAra, uttamakSamA Adi dasaghamaM tathA zIla Adi ye saba uttaraguNoM ke antargata mAne jAte haiM / kunda0 mUlAcAra meM bAraha tapa aura bAIsa paroSaha -- ina donoM ko milAkara cauMtIsa prakAra ke uttaraguNoM kA ullekha milatA hai / ' nayacakra meM tapa aura parISahoM ke sAtha pA~ca prakAra ke AcAra ko uttaraguNoM kI saMjJA dI hai / 2 tathA mUlAcAra ke hI zIlaguNAdhikAra meM varNita aTThAraha hajAra zIloM yA caurAsI lAkha guNoM ko bhI uttaraguNa kahA jAtA hai / mUlAcAra meM zIla ke aTThAraha hajAra bhedoM kA varNana isa prakAra hai 3 - yoga ke tIna bheda, karaNa ke tIna bheda, cAra prakAra kI saMjJAyeM, pA~ca indriyA~, dasa prakAra ke pRthvIkAyika Adi jIva tathA dasa prakAra ke uttama kSamA Adi zramaNa dharma --- ina sabako paraspara guNita karane para aTThAraha hajAra bheda ho jAte haiN| yathA - 3 x 3 x 4x 5 x 10x10 = 18000 zIla ke bheda / caurAsI lAkha guNoM kI utpatti kA kAraNakrama isa prakAra varNita haihisAdika ikkIsa doSa, atikramaNAdi cAra doSa, pRthvIkAyika Adi ke sau, abrahma ke dasa doSa, AlocanA dasa doSa tathA zuddhi (prAyazcitta) ke dasa bhedoM se viparIta dasa doSa * - isa taraha ina saba doSoM se viparIta guNoM kA paraspara guNana karane para caurAsI lAkha guNa siddha hote haiM / 1. tavaparisahAdi bhedA cottIsA uttaraguNakkhA - kunda0 mUlAcAra 1.3 pRSTha 2. 2. tavaparisahANa bheyA guNA hu te uttarA ya bohavvA / daMsaNaNANacaritaM tava vIriyaM paMcahAyAraM // nayacakra gAthA 336. 3. joe karaNe saNNA iMdiya bhommAdi samaNadhamme ya / aNNohi abhatthA aTThArahasIlasahassAiM || mUlAcAra 11 / 2. 5. igivIsa catura sadiyA dasa dasa dasagA ya ANupuvIya | hiMsAdikkamakA yA virAhaNAloyaNAsohI / / mUlAcAra 1118.

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uttaraguNa : 163 uparyukta bhedoM kA vizeSa kathana isa prakAra hai 1. hiMsAdika ikkIsa doSa'-prANivadha, mRSAvAda, adattagrahaNa, maithuna, parigraha, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rati, arati, bhaya, jugupsA, manomaMgula, vacana maMgula, kAya magula (yahA~ maMgula se tAtparya pApa saMcaya karane vAlI kriyA hai ), mithyAdarzana, pramAda, paizanya, ajJAna aura indriya-anigraha / 2. atikramaNa, vyatikramaNa, aticAra aura anAcAra-ye cAra doSa-yahA~ atikramaNa se tAtparya hai viSayoM kI abhikAMkSA, vyatikramaNa arthAt viSayopakaraNoM ke arjana kA bhAva, aticAra arthAt vratoM meM zithilatA yA asaMyama kA kiJcit bhI sevana tathA anAcAra se tAtparya hai vratabhaMga yA sarvathA svecchA pravRtti / 3. pRthvokAyika Adi ke sau bheda-pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu, pratyeka vanaspati, anantakAyika yA sAdhAraNa vanaspati, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura paMcendriya--ina dasa bhedoM kA paraspara guNana karane para (10x10 = 100) kAyika sambandhI so bheda ho jAte haiN| abrahma (zIla virAdhanA) saMbaMdhI basa doSa : strIsaMsarga, praNItarasabhojana, gandhamAlya saMsparza, zayanAsana, AbhUSaNa, gItavAditra, arthasaMprayoga (svarNAdika dhana kI abhilASA), kuzIlasaMsarga, rAjasevA aura rAtrisaMcaraNa / 5. AlocanA ke dasa doSa" : AkaMpita, anumAnita, dRSTa, bAdara, sUkSma, channa, zabdAkulita, bahujana, avyakta aura ttsevii| 6. zuddhi (prAyazcita) ke basa bheda : AlocanA, pratikramaNa, tadubhaya, viveka, vyutsarga, tapa, cheda, mUla, parihAra aura zraddhAna-ye doSoM kI zuddhi ke dasa bheda haiN| uparyukta sabhI doSoM se viparIta guNa hote haiN| ina sabakA paraspara meM guNana karane para caurAsI lAkha uttaraguNa hote haiN| ve isa taraha haiM-214 4 = 84, 844100 = 8400,8400x10 = 84000,84000x10 - 840000 1. vahI 11 / 9, 10. 2. adikamaNaM vadikamaNaM adicAro taheva annaacaaro| edehi cahiM puNo sAvajjo hoi guNiyavvo / / vahI / / 11 / 11 3. vahI 11 / 12. 4. mUlAcAra 11113-14 / 5. vahI 11 / 15, sthAnAMga 1070, nizItha bhASya bhAga 4 pR0 363. 6. vahI 11 / 16.

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164 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana tathA 840000x10 = 8400000 arthAt caurAsI lAkha uttaraguNa hue|' dasaNa pAhuDa kI TIkA tathA AzAdharakRta jinasahasranAma kI zrutasAgarIya TIkA Adi granthoM meM bhI zIla ke bhedoM kA vibhAjana isI prakAra milatA hai| antara mAtra itanA hai ki inameM zuddhi (prAyazcitta) ke dasa bhedoM ke sthAna para kSamAdi dasa dharmoM kI gaNanA karake uttaraguNoM ke caurAsI lAkha bheda batAye gaye haiN| mUlAcAra meM guNoM ke utpatti-prakAroM kI vidhi batAte hue kahA hai-hiMsA se virata, atikramaNa doSa se rahita, pRthvI aura pRthvIkAyika ke sAtha punaH Arambha (virAdhanA) ke viSaya meM saMyata, strIsaMsarga se virakta, AkaMpita doSoM se rahita tathA AlocanA zuddhi yukta jo zramaNa saMyamI, dhIra, vIra hotA hai use prathama ahiMsA guNa hotA hai| isI prakAra dUsare guNa kI utpatti ke lie isa prakAra uccAraNa hogA ki asatya bhASaNa rahita, atikramaNa doSakaraNa se rahita ityAdi pUrvokta prakAra se kathana karane se dvitIya satya guNa siddha hotA hai / isa taraha AgeAge caurAsI lAkha bAra uccAraNa karate jAne se caurAsI lAkha guNoM(uttaraguNoM) ko utpatti siddha hotI hai| isa prakAra mUlAcArakAra ne uttaraguNoM kI utpatti batAte hue unakI caurAsI lAkha bheda saMkhyA mAnI hai| jayasenAcArya kRta pravacanasAra kI tAtparyavRtti meM kahA hai ki ina mUlaguNoM kI rakSA ke lie bAIsa parISahajaya aura bAraha prakAra ke tapa-isa taraha cauMtIsa uttaraguNa hote haiN| unakI bhI rakSA ke lie deva, manuSya, tiryaJca aura acetanakRta cAra prakAra ke upasargoM para vijaya aura bAraha prakAra kI anuprekSAoM kI bhAvanA Adi kI jAtI hai / 3 uparyukta uttaraguNoM meM sarvaprathama tapa kA vivecana prastuta hai| 1. (ka) savvepi puvvabhaMgA uvarimabhaMgesu ekkamekkesu / melaMtettiya kamaso guNide uppajjade saMkhA / / mUlAcAra 11120. (kha) etaiH pUrvoktAni aSTalakSAmyadhikacatvAriMzatsahasrANi guNitAni caturazItilakSasAvadhavikalpA bhavanti tadviparItAstAvata eva guNA bhvNtiiti| -mUlAcAravRtti 11 / 16. 2. daMsaNapAhuDa TIkA 9 / 1 / 18 tathA jinasahasranAma (AzAdhara kRta) -zrutasAgarIya TIkA, SaSTha evaM dazama zataka / 3. teSAM ca mUlaguNAnAM rakSaNArthaM dvAviMzatiparISahajayadvAdazavidhatapazcaraNa bhedena catustrizaduttaraguNA bhavanti / teSAM ca rakSaNArthaM devamanuSyatiryagacetanakRta caturvidhopasargajaya dvAdazAnuprekSAbhAvanAdayazcetyabhiprAyaH / -pravacanasAra gAthA 208, 209 kI tAtparyavRtti pRSTha 407.

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tapa tapa jaina sAdhanA-paddhati kA prANa hai / bhava-bhava se saMcita karmoM ko sampUrNa rUpa se dagdha karane tathA bhavasAgara se sadA ke lie mukta hone kA yaha prabala aura mahattvapUrNa sAdhana hai / jaina sAdhanA paddhati ke pramukha cAra aMga haiM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyak cAritra tathA samyak tp| inameM samyak tapa kA apanA viziSTa sthAna aura mahattva hai| AcArya kundakunda ke anusAra upayukta cAroM aMgoM se saMyama hotA hai tathA inakA samAgama hone para jIva ko mokSa prApta hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM kahA hai-AtmA jJAna se jIvAdi bhAvoM ko jAnatA hai, darzana se unakA zraddhAna karatA hai, cAritra se karmAsrava kA nirodha karatA hai, aura tapa se vizuddha hotA hai / sarva duHkhoM se mukta hone ke lie maharSi saMyama aura tapa ke dvArA pUrva karmoM kA kSaya karake mokSa prApta karate haiM / yadyapi uttamakSamA Adi zramaNa ke dasa dharmoM meM tapa bhI antabhUta hai kintu tapa ko vizeSa rUpa se nirjarA kA kAraNa batAne ke lie tathA saMvara ke sabhI hetuoM meM tapa kI pradhAnatA sUcita karane ke lie zramaNAcAra meM tapa kA svataMtra rUpa se vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / tapa ke dvArA nUtana karmabandha rukakara pUrvopacita karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai; kyoMki tapa se avipAka (sakAma) nirjarA hotI hai / jaise eka hI agni pAka aura bhasmakriyA Adi aneka kArya karatI hai usI prakAra tapa se karmoM kA kSaya tathA devendra Adi abhyudaya sthAnoM ko prApti hotI hai / jaina paramparA meM tapakriyA kA mukhya lakSya karmakSaya hai tathA abhyudaya kI prApti AnuSAMgika (gauNa) hai|3 tapa ke dvArA jIva pUrvasaMcita karmoM kA kSaya karake vyavadAna arthAt vizuddhi ko prApta hotA hai; kyoMki cirakAla se saMcita karmaraja ko tapa 1. NANeNa daMsaNeNa ya taveNa cariyeNa saMyamaguNeNa / cAhiM pi samAjoge mokkho jiNasAsaNe diTTo // saNapAhuDa gAthA 30. 2. nANeNa jANaI bhAve daMsaNaNa ya saddahe / caritteNa nigiNhAi tayeNa parisujjhaI / / khavettA puvvakammAiM saMjameNa taveNa ya / savvadukkhappahINaTThA pakkamanti mahesiNo / / uttarAdhyayana 28 / 35,36, 3. tatvArthavArtika 9 / 3 / 1-5 pRSTha 592-593. 4. taveNa vodANaM jaNayai-uttarAdhyayana 29 / 27.

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166 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ke dvArA zIghra hI naSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| AcArya vaTTa kera ne kahA hai ki jaise agni havA ke dvArA tRNa aura kASThAdi ko jalAtI hai vaise hI jJAnarUpI havA se yukta zIla, samAdhi aura sayama se prajvalita taparUpI agni saMsArarUpI bIja ko jalAtI hai| tathA jaise miTTI Adi yukta svarNa dhAtu agni meM tapAye jAne para vizuddha ho jAtI hai vaise hI jIva tapa ke dvArA karmoM ko jalAkara svarNa ke ke samAna vizuddhatA ko prApta kara letA hai| tapa kA svarUpa aura mahattva : zramaNa saMskRti tapa-pradhAna mAnI jAtI hai| zramaNa zabda svayaM meM mahAn tapasvI sAdhu kA dyotaka hai| isIlie zramaNa zabda kI paribhASA ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki jo AtmA ko sAdhanA ke lie zrama karatA hai arthAt tapaHsAdhanA se zarIra ko khedakhinna karatA hai vaha zramaNa kahA jAtA hai| tapa ke svarUpa-prasaMga meM AcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai ki paMcendriya viSaya aura krodhAdi cAra kaSAyainakA vinigraha karake dhyAna aura svAdhyAya ke dvArA Atmacintana karanA tapa hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke anusAra akartavya ke tyAgarUpa cAritra meM jo udyoga aura upayoga kiyA jAtA hai vaha tapa hai|" dhavalA meM kahA hai samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyaka cAritra rUpa ratnatraya ko prakaTa karane ke lie icchA kA nirodha tapa hai| bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ke anusAra bhI karmakSaya ke lie jo tapA jAya vaha tapa hai|" mUlAcAravRtti meM bhI isI taraha kahA hai ki karmakSaya ke lie zarIra aura indriyoM ko tapta karanA tapa hai|' jayasenAcArya ke anusAra-rAgAdi samasta 1. cirakAlamajjidaM pi ya vihuNAdi tavasA rayatti gAUNa-mUlAcAra 5.58. 2. mUlAcAra 8157. 56. 3. (ka) zrAmyati tapasA khidyata iti kRtvA zramaNo vAcyaH / -sUtrakRtAMga zIlAMka kRta TIkA 1116. (kha) zrAmyantyAtmAnaM tapobhiriti zramaNAH mUlAcAravRtti 9 / 120. 4. visayakasAyaviNiggahabhAvaM kAUNa jhANasajjhAe / jo bhAvai appANaM tassa tavaM hodi NiyameNa // bArasa aNuvekkhA 77. 5. caraNammi tammi jo ujjamo AujaNA ya jo hoii| __ so ceva jiNehiM tavo bhaNido asaDhaM caraMtassa / / bhagavatI ArAdhanA 10. 6. tiNNaM rayaNANamAvibbhAvaTThamicchANiroho-dhavalA 1315 / 4, 26154 / 12. 7. karmakSayArthaM tapyata iti tapaH -tatvArthavArtika 9 / 6 / 17 pRSTha 598, 8. tapaH karmakSayArtha tapyante zarIrendriyANi tapaH -mUlAcAravRtti 11 // 5.

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uttaraguNa : 167 bhAva-icchAoM ke tyAga se sva-svarUpa meM pratapana-vijayana karanA tapa hai|' - isa prakAra tapa kI vibhinna paribhASAe~ haiN| vastutaH tapa ke samagra rUpa ko kisI bhI eka paribhASA meM Abaddha karanA atyadhika kaThina hai| kyoMki tapa antarmukhI vRtti kI sAdhanA hai / mukti va zAnti prApti kI sAdhanA meM tapa kI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA hotI hai| ise Atmika sukha kI sIr3hI kaha sakate haiM aura vaha antastattva ke cintana, mana ke manthana tathA cittavRttiyoM ke graMthana se hI sambhava hai| tapa kA mahatva bhI bhAvazuddhi para avalaMbita hai / tapa ke dvArA samasta apavitratA, sampUrNa kalmaSa evaM samagra azAMti-ina sabako bhasmasAta kiyA jA sakatA hai| aise hI, tapa se mana zarada Rtu ke candramA ke samAna nirmala banAyA jA sakatA hai / dazavakAlika meM kahA hai ki ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa lakSaNa vAlA dharma utkRSTa maMgala hai| jisakA mana sadA isa prakAra ke dharma meM ramA rahatA hai use deva bhI namaskAra karate haiM / 2 zramaNa jIvana kI AcAra aura jJAna-pradhAna sAdhanA, tapomaya hai / itanA hI nahIM apitu zramaNa ke sampUrNa jIvana meM tapa kA itanA vyApaka kSetra hai ki svAdhyAya, adhyayana, prAyazcita, vaiyAvRtti-sevAvRtti Adi zramaNa jIvana kI samasta mUlabhUta kriyAoM ko bhI tapa kaha dete haiM / tapa kA mukhya uddezya bhI jIvana ke antaratama kA zodhana hai| isIlie kASAyika vAsanAoM ko samApta karane, tathA karmakSaya ke dvArA paripUrNa Atmika vikAsa kI sAdhanA ke lie mana, indriya tathA zarIra ko jina samyak vidhiyoM se tapAyA jAya ve sabhI tapa rUpa hI haiN| umAsvAmI ne kahA hai tapa karmoM ke saMvara kA upAya to hai hI nirjarA kA bhI vaha pramukha kAraNa hai / mUlAcArakAra ne tapa ko nagara kI upamA dete hue kahA hai : dhairya, utsAha aura nizcita-mati usa taparUpI nagara ke prAkAra (parakoTA) hai, cAritra usake uttuMga gopura, kSamA aura sukRta (dharma) usake phATaka tathA saMyama rakSaka (kotavAla) ke samAna haiN| tapa rUpa isa nagara ko lUTane ke lie rAga, dveSa, moha aura indriya rUpI cora sadA udyata rahate haiM kintu satpuruSoM ke dvArA surakSita ina nagara ko ye lUTane yA vinAza karane meM samartha nahIM ho pAte ! tapazcaryA meM lIna zramaNa kI mudrA kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki nirantara 1. samastarAgAdiparabhAvecchAtyAgena svasvarUpe pratapanaM vijayanaM tapaH -pravacanasAra gAthA 79 kI tAtparyavRtti. 2. dhammo maMgala mukkiTTaM ahiMsA saMjamo tvo| devAvi taM NamaMsaMti jassa dhamme sayA maNo / / dazavakAlika 161. 3. mUlAcAra 9 / 111, 112.

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168 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana tapazcaraNa meM rata, upavAsa aura tapa se kRzakAya evaM AtApanAdi yoga aura dRr3ha cAritra se yukta dhIra aura guNa sampanna zramaNoM kI mudrA dekhane yogya hotI hai / unake kapoloM (gAloM) kA mAMsa sUkha jAne se mukha para kevala bhRkuTi aura A~khoM ke tAre camakate dikhAI dete haiN| zarIra ke nAma para carma aura haDDI hI zeSa raha gayA hai phira bhI ve nirantara tapazcaraNa karate hue dharmalakSmI meM virAjamAna rahate haiM / vastutaH tapazcaraNAdi sAdhanA kI sabhI vidhiyA~ cAroM gatiyoM meM se ekamAtra manuSyagati meM hI sambhava haiM kyoMki naraka va devaloka meM audArika zarIra kA udaya tathA paMca mahAvrata nahIM hote| tiryaJca gati meM bhI mahAvratAdi kA pAlana asambhava hai / ataH vItarAgatA kI siddhi ke lie dhIre-vIra sAdhuoM ko tapa kA nitya saMcaya karanA cAhie / tapa ke bheda : tapa Atmazodhana tathA karmakSaya kI eka akhaMDa prakriyA hai; kintu vidhiyoM aura prakriyAoM ke AdhAra para tapa ko bAhya aura Abhyantara ina do rUpoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| inameM se kAyika tathA vAcanika tapa bAhya haiM evaM mAnasika tapa Abhyantara hai| inameM se pratyeka ke nimnalikhita chaha-chaha bheda haiN| 1. bAhya tapa-anazana, avamaudarya, vRttiparisaMkhyAna, rasaparityAga, kAyakleza tathA viviktazayanAsana-ye bAhya tapa ke chaha bheda haiN| 2. Abhyantara tapa-prAyazcitta, vinaya, vaiyAvRttya, svAdhyAya, dhyAna aura vyutsarga-ye chaha Abhyantara tapa ke bheda haiM / 1. mUlAcAra 9 / 63. 2. AlINagaMDamaMsA pAyaDabhiuDImuhA adhiycchaa| samaNA tavaM caraMtA ukkiNNA dhammalacchIe // vahI 9 / 64. 3. dhavalA 1315, 4, 31 pRSTha 9115. 4. anagAra dharmAmRta 7 / 1. 5. duviho ya tavAcAro bAhira abbhataro muNeyavvo-mUlAcAra 51148. 6. bAhya vAkkAyasambhUtamAntaraM mAnasaM smRtam-mokSa paMcAzata 48 (jainadharmasAra -sUtra 207 pRSTa 87 se uddhRta) 7ka. aNasaNa avamodariyaM rasaparicAo ya vuttiparisaMkhA / kAyassa ya paritAvo vivittasayaNAsaNaM chaTuM / mUlAcAra 5 / 149. 8. pAyacchittaM viNayaM vejjAvaccaM taheva sajjhAyaM / jhANaM ca viussaggo abbhaMtarao tavo eso / vahI 5 / 163.

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uttaraguNa : 169 bAhya tapa: bAhya dravya ke Alambana se dUsaroM ko dekhane meM Ane vAle tapa bAhya tapa hai| jisa tapa kI sAdhanA zarIra se vizeSa sambandhita ho yA jisake dvArA zarIra kA karSaNa ho jAne se indriyoM kA mardana ho jAtA hai vaha bAhyatapa hai| mUlAcAra meM kahA hai jinake dvArA mana meM duSkRta arthAt saMkleza pariNAma utpanna nahIM hote, jisa tapa ke karane se Abhyantara tapa meM zraddhA utpanna hotI hai tathA jinase pUrvagrahIta yoga (mahAvrata Adi) hIna nahIM hote-isa prakAra ke bAhyatapoM kA anuSThAna karanA cAhie / zivArya ke anusAra bAhyatapa se saba prakAra kI sukhazIlatA chUTa jAtI hai kyoMki zarIra duHkha kA kAraNa hai| usako chor3ane kA upAya hai zarIra ko kRza krnaa| aisA karane se AtmA saMvega arthAt saMsArabhIrutA nAmaka guNa meM sthira hotA hai| paM0 AzAdhara ne kahA hai ki anazana Adi tapoM ko tIna kAraNoM se bAhya kahA jAtA hai-1-bAhya tapa karane meM bAhya dravya kI apekSA rahatI hai| jaise bhojana kA tyAga karanA anazana, alpabhojana karanA avamaudarya tapa kahA jAtA hai| 2-apane pakSa aura parapakSa ke loga bhI inheM dekha sakate haiM ki amuka sAdhu ne bhojana nahIM kiyA yA alpabhojana kiyA tathA 3-bAhyatapa aise haiM jinheM anya dArzanika, jaise bauddhAdi tathA kApAlika Adi sAdhu aura gRhastha bhI karate haiM / isalie inheM bAhya tapa kahA jAtA hai|" isa prakAra bAhyatapa AbhyaMtara (bhAva) zuddhi ke cihna haiM / aparAjitasUri ne bAhyatapa ko bAhya-sallekhanA kA sAdhana mAnA hai| inakI sAdhanA se zramaNa apane tana aura mana ko sahiSNu banA letA hai / inase mana kI vizuddhi, saralatA aura ekAgratA kI vizeSa sAdhanA hotI hai tathA AbhyaMtara tapa kI ora bar3hane 1. bAhyadravyApekSatvAparapratyakSatpAcca bAhyatvam-sarvArthasiddhi 9 / 19. 2. anagAra dharmAmRta 78. 3, so NAma bAhiratavo jeNa maNo dukkadaM Na uTredi / jeNa ya saDDhA jAyadi jeNa ya jogA Na hIyate // mUlAcAra 5 / 161. 4. bAhirataveNa hodi hu savvA suhasIladA priccttaa| sallihidaM ca sarIraM Thavido appA ya saMvege // bhagavato ArAdhanA 237. 5. bAhyaM valbhAdyapekSatvAtparapratyakSabhAvataH / paradarzanipASaNDigehikAryatvatazca tat / / anagAradharmAmRtajJAnadIpikA sahita 76. 6. bAhyasallekhanopAyabhUtaM SoDhA bAhyatapo-bhagavatI ArAdhanA vijayodayA gAthA 208 pRSTha 425.

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170 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ke lie ye bAhya tapa sIr3hiyoM kA kArya karate haiN| Abhyantara tapa kI siddhi ke lie dRr3ha AdhAra aura prazasta bhUmikA taiyAra karane meM bhI bAhya tapa kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| bAhyatapa ke pUrvokta chaha bhedoM kA kramazaH vivecana prastuta hai1. anazana (aNasaNa) tapa : __ mantrasAdhana Adi dRSTaphala kI apekSA kiye binA saMyamaprasiddhi, rAgoccheda, karmavinAza, dhyAna aura Agamabodha Adi ke lie kiyA gayA upavAsa anazana nAmaka prathama bAhya tapa hai|' kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM kahA hai ki mana aura indriyoM ko jItakara ihabhava tathA parabhava ke viSaya-sukhoM kI apekSA rahita honA sAtha hI AtmadhyAna aura svAdhyAya meM lIna rahakara karmakSaya ke lie (eka dina, do dina ityAdi rUpa) kAla parimANa sahita sahaja bhAva se kiyA gayA AhAratyAga anazana tapa hai / 2 anazana ko upavAsa bhI kahA jAtA hai| paM0 AzAdhara ke anusAra apane-apane viSayoM se haTakara, indriyoM ke rAga-dveSa rahita AtmasvarUpa meM vasane yA lIna hone se azana, svAdya khAdya aura peya-ina cAra prakAra ke AhAra kA vidhipUrvaka tyAga karanA upavAsa kahA jAtA hai| prANisaMyama aura indriyasaMyama kI siddhi ke lie anazana tapa kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki donoM prakAra ke asaMyama kA avinAbhAva bhojana ke sAtha dekhA jA sakatA hai / AhAra-tyAga se jIvana kI AzaMsA arthAt zarIra aura prANoM ke prati Asakti chUTa jAtI hai / isa prakAra apanI cetana vRttiyoM ko bhojana Adi ke bandhana se mukta rakhane evaM Atmika bala kI vRddhi ke lie kiyA gayA azana kA tyAga anazana tapa hai / yaha anazana tabhI tapa hai jaba karmakSaya ke lie kiyA jAye / mantra sAdhanA Adi laukika phala ke uddezya se kiye jAne vAle anazana ko tapa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| 1. tattvArthavArtika 9 / 19 / 1 pRSTha 618. 2. kArtikeyAnuprekSA 440-441. 3. svArthAduyetya zuddhAtmanyakSANAM vasanAllayAt / ___ upavAso'zanasvAdyakhAdyapeyavivarjanam // anagAra dharmAmata 7 / 12. 4. dhavalA 13 / 5 / 4 / 26 / 55 / 3. 5. uttarAdhyayana 29 / 35. 6. anagAra dharmAmRta 7 / 11 kI jJAnadIpikA svopajJavRtti pRSTha 497.

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uttaraguNa : 171 bheda : anazana tapa ke do bheda haiM ( 1 ) itvarika ( sAkAMkSa yA niyatakAlika) tathA (2) yAvajjIvana ( nirAkAMkSa yA maraNaparyanta ) / bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM addhAnazana aura sarvAnazana - ina nAmoM se anazana ke do bheda kiye haiM / 2 sApekSa hai / kAla kI itvarika anazana tapa haiM isa dRSTi se eka cAra bhakta velAoM 1. itvarika anazana tapa : yaha sAkAMkSa arthAt kAla maryAdApUrvaka bhojanAkAMkSA se yukta hokara anazana karanA / hai / vastutaH eka dina meM bhojana do velAyeM mAnI gaI bhojana velA meM AhAra kA tyAga ekabhakta kahalAtA hai / meM AhAra kA tyAga karanA caturthabhakta, arthAt sAmAnyataH dina meM do samaya AhAra mAnA gayA hai, ataH upavAsa ke pahale dina aura pAraNe ke dina eka samaya AhAra kA grahaNa aura eka samaya AhAra kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai / phira upavAsa ke do samaya ke bhojana kA tyAga ---- isa taraha cAra samaya AhAra huA-- isa prakAra ke upavAsa ko caturthabhakta kahate hai / Age ke nirantara upavAsoM meM do-do bhakta jur3ate jAte haiM / jaise chaha bhojana ko belAoM meM AhAra kA tyAga chaTTa bhakta ( belA yA do dina kA upavAsa ) kahA jAtA hai / isI prakAra prathama dina kI eka, tIna dinoM kI chaha aura pAraNA ke dina kI eka belA isa prakAra ATha velAoM ke AhAra kA tyAga hone se aTThabhakta yA tIna dina kA upavAsa (telA ) kahA jAtA hai / isI taraha dazama, dvAdaza, caturdaza bhakta, mAsArthopavAsa, mAsopavAsa, kanakAvalI tathA ekAvalI Adi jo tapovidhAna haiM inameM AhAra kA tyAga karanA itvarika ( sAkAMkSa ) anazana tapa hai / 3 7 mUlAcArakAra ne isake antargata kanakAvalI Adi tapa kA nAmollekha kiyA 522 dina lagate haiM / jinameM 434 hai / kanakAvalI tapa kI vRhad vidhi karane meM upavAsa aura 88 pAraNA hotI haiM / isameM calatA hai arthAt vRddhikrama meM eka se lekara tIna upavAsa kiye jAte haiM / hAnikrama meM solaha se bAra tona, do ora eka upavAsa kiye jAte haiM / pratyeka tathA namaskAra mahAmaMtra kA trikAla japa karane kA vidhAna hai / isI tapa kI laghuvidhi ke anusAra eka varSa taka pratimAsa ke zuklapakSa kI ekama, paMcamI tathA hAnikrama kI vidhi cauMtIsa bA tInalekara eka taka tathA nau antarAla meM eka pAraNA vRddhikrama tathA solaha taka tathA 1. mUlAcAra 5 / 150 2. addhANasaNaM savvANasaNaM duvihaM tu aNasaNaM bhaNiyaM / viharatassa ya addhANasaNaM idaraM ca carimaMte // bhagavatI ArAdhanA 209. 3. chaTThaTTha madasa maduvAdasehi mAsaddhamAsakhamaNANi / kaNagAva AdI tavovihANANi NAhAro / / mUlAcAra 5 / 151.

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172 * mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana dazamI aura kRSNapakSa kI dvitIyA, SaSThI tathA dvAdazI - ina chaha tithiyoM meM upavAsa aura namaskAra mahAmaMtra ke japa kA vidhAna hai / ' ekAvalI tapa kI bRhad vidhi ke anusAra eka varSa taka pratimAsa zuklapakSa kI ekama, paMcamI, aSTamI aura caturdazI tathA kRSNapakSa kI caturthI, aSTamI, aura caturdazI - ina sAta tithiyoM meM kula 84 upavAsa kiye jAte haiM / laghuvidhi ke anusAra kisI bhI dina se prArambha karake eka upavAsa aura eka pAraNA ke krama se 48 dinoM meM 24 upavAsa pUre hote haiM / donoM vidhiyoM meM namaskAra maMtra kA jApya anivArya hotA hai / isI prakAra muramadhya, vimAna paMkti, siMhaniSkrIDita Adi aneka tapoM kA vidhAna tatsaMbaMdhI granthoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / 2. yAvajjIvana anazana tapa: yaha nirAkAMkSa anazana tapa hai jo maraNa samaya najadIka samajha zarIra tyAga paryanta kiyA jAtA hai / jaba zarIra kSINa hone lage, sevA, svAdhyAya tapa, guNa Adi ke pAlana meM zarIra asamartha hone lage taba isa anazana tapa ko grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| ise grahaNa karane vAlA zramaNa uttamArtha arthAt jo kucha bAhya tathA Abhyantara parigraha haiM use tathA cAroM prakAra ke AhAra aura apane zarIra kA mana, vacana, kAya se yAvajjIvana tyAga karane kI pratijJA karatA hai / 19 bheda - mUlAcArakAra ne yAvajjIvana anazana tapa ke bhaktapratyAkhyAna, iMginI - maraNa aura prAyopagamana Adi bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM 7 paMDitamaraNa ke antargata ina tIna bhedoM kI gaNanA kI hai / tathA gommaTasAra karmakANDa meM ina tInoM ko maraNavidhAna kI apekSA tyaktazarIra ke bheda mAnA hai / 1. vrata vidhAna saMgraha pRSTha 78. 2. vahI, pRSTha 76. 3. mUlAcAravRtti 5 / 151. 4. ( ka ) vratavidhAna saMgraha : (kha) harivaMzapurANa 34 / 36. 5. mUlAcAra 3 / 113, 114. 6. bhattapaiNNA iMgiNi pAuvagamaNANi jANi maraNANi / rora evamAdI bodhavvA giravakakhANi / / mUlAcAra 51152. 7. pAyopagamaNamaraNaM bhaktapaiNNA ya iMgiNI ceva / tivihaM paMDitamaraNaM sAhussa jahuttacArissa || bhagavatI ArAdhanA 29. 8. bhattapaiNNA iMgiNipAoggavihIhi cattamidi tivihaM / - gommaTasAra karmakANDa 59.

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uttaraguNa : 173 vijayodayA TIkA meM kahA hai ki isa kAla meM bhaktapratyAkhyAna maraNa vidhi hI pAlana yogya hai / zeSa do maraNa to vajraRSabhanArAca Adi vizeSa saMhanana dhAraka puruSoM ke hote haiM / para isa paMcamakAla meM isa prakAra ke saMhanana ke dhAraka jIva bharata kSetra meM utpanna nahIM hote haiN|' paMDitamaraNa meM paMDita zabda samyagdarzana, samyakajJAna, samyak cAritra aura samyaktapa-ina cAra arthoM meM vyavahRta hotA hai / isa dRSTi se jinakA jJAna, cAritrAdi parama prakarSatA ko prApta nahIM huA hai, aise pramatta saMyata nAmaka chaThe guNasthAna se lekara kSINakoha nAmaka bArahaveM guNasthAnavartI sAdhuoM kA jo maraNa hotA hai use paMDitamaraNa kahate / 1. bhakta-pratyAkhyAna-bhaktapratyAkhyAna se tAtparya hai bhakta arthAt AhAra kA, pratyAkhyAna arthAta tyAga / isa prakAra AhAra ke tyAgapUrvaka maraNavidhAna ko bhakta pratyAkhyAna kahate haiM / isakA jaghanyakAla antarmuharta tathA utkRSTa kAla bAraha varSa pramANa hai| vijayodayA TIkA meM kahA hai ki dIkSAgrahaNa se lekara niryApaka guru kA Azraya lene ke antima dina taka jJAna, darzana aura cAritra meM lage aticAroM kI AlocanA karake guru ke dvArA diye gaye prAyazcitta ko svIkAra karake dravyasallekhanA aura bhAvasallekhanApUrvaka tIna prakAra ke AhAra ke tyAga Adi ke krama se ratnatraya kI ArAdhanA karanA bhaktapratyAkhyAna hai / ' ___ isa vidhi pUrvaka maraNa karane vAle apanI vaiyAvRttya svayaM bhI karatA aura dUsaroM se bhI karAtA hai| zivArya ne bhaktapratyAkhyAna maraNa ke savicAra aura avicAra-ye do bheda mAne haiN| jo utsAha arthAt balayukta hai, jisakI mRtyu tatkAla hone vAlI nahIM hai, usa muni ke bhaktapratyAkhyAna ko savicAra bhaktapratyAkhyAna kahate haiN| tathA vividha kAraNoM se mRtyu kI Akasmika sambhAvanA hone yA sahasA maraNa upasthita hone para parAkrama rahita (asamartha) paristhiti meM kiye jAne vAle maraNa ko avicAra bhaktapratyAkhyAna kahate haiM / arthAt jaba vicAra 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 64 vijayodayA tathA mUlArAdhanA pRSTha 190,191. 2. gommaTasAra karmakANDa gAthA 60. 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 753 kI vijayodayA TIkA pRSTha 916. 4. duvihaM tu bhattapaccakkhANaM savicAramadha avicAraM / savicAramaNAgAhe maraNe saparakkamassa have // bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 65. 5ka. tattha avicArabhattapaiNNA maraNammi hoi aagaaho| aparakkamassa muNiNo kAlammi asaMpuhuttammi / / vahI, 2011. kha. sahasopasthite maraNe parAkramarahitasya avicArabhaktapratyAkhyAnaM bhavatIti vahI gAthA 65 kI vijayodayA TIkA 6STha 192.

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174 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pUrvaka bhakta pratyAkhyAna kA samaya upasthita nahIM rahatA aura yadi sahasA maraNa upasthita ho to avicAra anyathA savicAra bhaktapratyAkhyAna hotA hai / " bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM savicAra bhaktapratyAkhyAna kA vivecana karane vAle tathA isake lie upayogI cAlIsa adhikAra sUtra - padoM kA isa prakAra ullekha kiyA gayA hai? (1) ariha arha arthAt yogya, (2) liMga ( cihna ), (3) sikkhA ( zikSA arthAt zrutAdhyayana), (4) vijaya ( vinaya arthAt maryAdA ), (5) samAdhi - zubhopayoga athavA zuddhopayoga meM mana kA ekarUpa karanA, (6) aNiyadavihAraaniyata kSetra meM rahanA, (7) pariNAma - apane karttavya kI AlocanA, (8) uvadhijahaNA --- parigraha tyAga, (9) sidI ( zriti arthAt zreNiyA~ yA sopAna), (10) bhAvaNAo - abhyAsa yA usameM bAra-bAra pravRtti, (11) sallehaNA - kaSAya aura zarIra ko samyak rIti se kRza karanA, (12) disA - mokSamArga kA upadezaka AcArya dizA hai, (13) khamAvaNA arthAt kSamAgrahaNa, (14) aNusiTThi - anuziSTi arthAt sUtrAnusAra zAsana yA zikSAgrahaNa, (15) paragaNe - cariyA - dUsare gaNa meM pravRtti, (16) maggaNa - ratnatraya kI vizuddhi yA samAdhimaraNa ke saMpAdana hetu AcArya kA anveSaNa, (17) suTThiya-susthita, (18) uvasaMpayA - AcArya ke pAsa jAnA upasaMpadA hai, (19) paDichA - gaNa, paricAraka, ArAdhaka, utsAhazakti tathA ArAdhaka AhAra tyAga meM samartha hai yA nahIM - ina sabakI parIkSA karanA, ( 20 ) paDilehA-ArAdhanA kI siddhi binA bAdhA ke hogI yA nahIM tathA rAjya, deza, grAma, nagara Adi aura vahA~ kA pradhAna ArAdhanA ke yogya haiM yA nahIM - aisA nirUpaNa karanA, (21) ApucchA - kisI ArAdhaka ke samAdhimaraNa hetu saMgha se AcArya dvArA pUchA jAnA, (22) paDicchaNa megassaeka kSapaka ko svIkAra karanA, (23) AloyaNa, (24) guNadosA - AlocanA ke guNa aura doSa, (25) sejjA - ArAdhaka ke rahane kA sthAna zayyA yA vasati, (26) saMthAra ( saMstara ), NijjAvagA - ArAdhaka kI samAdhi meM jo muni sahAyaka hote haiM unheM niryApaka kahate haiM, (28) payAsaNA - antima AhAra kA prakAzana, (29) hANI - -krama se AhAra kA tyAga ( hAni ), (30) paccakkhANa - tInoM prakAra kA AhAra tyAga pratyAkhyAna hai, (31) khAmaNaM -- kSamAgrahaNa arthAt AcArya Adi se kSamA mA~ganA, (32) khamaNaM - dUsaroM ke aparAdha ko kSamA 1. iMgiNIzabdena iMgitamAtmano bhaNyate svAbhiprAyAnusAreNa sthitvA pravartyamAnaM maraNaM i MgiNImaraNaM- bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 29 pRSTha 113. 2. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 67-70 vijayodayA TIkA sahita | -----

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uttaraguNa : 175 karanA, (33) aNusaTiTha-niryApakAcArya jo zikSA dete haiM vaha anuzaSTi hai, (34) sAraNA-duHkha se pIr3ita mUrchA ko prApta cetanA rahita ArAdhaka ko saceta karanA, (35) kavaca-isa samaya kA duHkha saba duHkhoM kA anta karane aura anupama sukha dene vAlA hai-isa prakAra duHkha dUra karane ke guNa kI samAnatA, (36) samadA-samabhAva, (37) jhANa-dhyAna, (38) lessAlezyA arthAt kaSAya se anurakta mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti, (39) phalaArAdhanA ke dvArA prApta sAdhya kA phala, aura (40) vijahaNA-anta meM ArAdhaka ke zarIra tyAga ko vijahaNA kahate haiN| ina cAlIsa adhikAra sUtroM se savicAra bhaktapratyAkhyAna maraNa kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai| arthAt jo isa vidhi ko grahaNa karatA hai usake saMbaMdha meM ina adhikAra sUtroM ke AdhAra para yogyatA Adi para vicAra karanA cAhie / 2. iMginImaraNa-iMginImaraNa se tAtparya apane (AtmA ke) iMgita arthAta abhiprAya ke anusAra sthita hokara pravRtti karate hue jo maraNa hotA hai use iMginImaraNa kahate haiN| isameM zArIrika ceSTAoM taka ko niyamita kara liyA jAtA hai ki maiM isa kSetra kI maryAdA ke bAhara nahIM jAU~gA / isa maraNa meM svayaM hI apanI vaiyAvRtti kara sakatA hai / dUsare se vaiyAvRtti karAne kA vidhAna nahIM hai / bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kahA hai ki apane saMgha ko iMginImaraNa kI vidhi kI sAdhanA meM yogya karake AcArya apane citta meM yaha nizcaya kare ki maiM iMginImaraNa kI sAdhanA kruuNgaa| taba zubha pariNAmoM kI zreNi para ArohaNa karake tapa Adi kI bhAvanA kare aura apane zarIra aura kaSAyoM ko kRza kare / ratnatraya meM lage doSoM kI AlocanA, pUrvaka, apane sthAna para anya AcArya ko sthApita kara munisaMgha se alaga hokara, jaMgala kI prAsuka guphA Adi meM, ekAkI pratilekhana pUrvaka tRNoM ke saMstara para Azraya letA hai| apane zarIra ke sivAya usakA anya koI sahAyaka nahIM hotaa| samasta prakAra ke AhAra ke vikalpa ko jIvanaparyanta ke lie tyAga detA hai / dhairya ke bala se yukta vaha kSapaka saba parISahoM ko jItatA hai aura lezyA vizuddhi se sampanna ho dharmadhyAna karatA hai / tapa ke prabhAva se unheM vikriyA Rddhi, AhAraka Rddhi yA cAraNa Rddhi athavA kSIrAsrava Adi RddhiyA~ prakaTa hotI haiM kintu virAgI hone se unakA kiJcit bhI sevana nahIM karate / isa taraha iMginImaraNa kI sAdhanA dvArA koI to samasta klezoM se mukta ho jAte haiM tathA koI-koI marakara vaimAnikadeva hote haiM / 2 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 29 kI vijayodayA TIkA pRSTha 113. 2. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 2032-2061.

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176 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 3. prAyopagamana maraNa -- prAyopagamana' ko pAdopagamana 2 yA pAdapopagamana bhI kahate haiM / apane pairoM dvArA saMgha se nikalakara yogya pradeza meM jAkara jo maraNa kiyA jAya use prAyopagamana maraNa kahate haiM / ise bhI iginImaraNa ke samAna viziSTa saMsthAna aura saMhanana vAle hI svIkAra kara pAte haiM / vijayodayA meM 'pAuggagamaNamaraNaM' isa pAThAntara kA bhI ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki prAyogya zabda se tAtparya saMsAra kA anta karane ke yogya saMhanana aura saMsthAna hai / usake gamana arthAt prApti ko prAyogyagamana kahate haiM / usake kAraNa hone vAle maraNa ko prAyogyagamana maraNa kahate haiM / " isakI vidhi bhI iginImaraNa ke sadRza hai / kintu isameM tRNoM ke niSedha hai / jo apane zarIra ko samyak rUpa se kRza karatA hai mAtra zeSa rahatA hai vahI prAyogamana maraNa karatA hai| aisA kSetra meM jisa prakAra zarIra kA koI aMga rakha gayA ho vaisA hI par3A rahane detA hai | svayaM apane aMga ko hilAtA DulAtA nahIM hai / vaise to nizcaya se prAyopagamana acala hotA hai kintu upasarga avasthA meM eka sthAna se uThAkara dUsare sthAna meM rakha diye jAne para yadi vaha vahIM maraNa karatA hai to use nIhAra ( cala ) kahate haiM aura aisA nahIM hone para pUrva sthAna meM hI maraNa ho jAe to use anIhAra ( acala ) kahate haiM / ' bhaktapratyAkhyAna meM to apanI sevA svayaM bhI kara sakatA hai aura dUsaroM se bhI karA sakatA hai / iMginI meM apanI sevA svayaM kara sakatA hai, dUsaroM se nahIM karA sakatA / kintu prAyopagamana meM kSapaka ko na to svayaM apanI sevA karane kA vidhAna hai aura na dUsaroM se karAne kA / yahI uparyukta tInoM meM pramukha antara hai / " jinakI Ayu kAla alpa hI avaziSTa rahatA hai ve pratimAyoga 1. mUlAcAra 5 / 152. 2. bha0 a0 gAthA 28 kI vijayodayA TIkA 3. aupapAtika vRtti pR0 71. 4. pAdAbhyAmupagamanaM DhokanaM tena pravartitaM maraNaM pAdopagamanamaraNaM - vahI, gAthA S 28 kI vijayodayA TIkA. saMstara taka kA arthAt carma kSapaka jisa 5. vahI. 6. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 2064. 7. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 2065, 2069 tathA 2070. 8. vahI, gAthA 2064 kI vijayodayA TIkA, mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 152.

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uttaraguNa : 177 dhAraNakara prAyopagamana maraNa karate haiM kintu jinakA AyukAla kucha dIrgha hai ve vihAra karate hue iMginImaraNa karate haiN|' isa prakAra anazana tapa tathA usake bhedoM ke vivecana se jJAta hotA hai ki isa tapa kA uddezya zarIra ke prati sahaja nirmamatva bhAva utpanna karake AtmasallInatA kI ora bar3hanA hai| 2. avamaudarya (avamodariya) tapa : nirukti pUrvaka artha ke anusAra 'avama' arthAt nyUna (kama mAtrA meM AhAra grahaNa karane vAlA) 'udara' (peTa) hai jisakA vaha avamodara tathA avamodara ke bhAva evaM karma ko avamaudarya kahate haiN| ise UnodarikA bhI kahA jAtA hai / / eka grAsa yA kavala kA pramANa eka hajAra cAvala yA murgI ke aNDe barAbara mAnA gayA hai| manuSya kA svAbhAvika kukSipUraka AhAra battIsa grAsa (kavala)-pramANa tathA striyoM kA aTThAIsa grAsa pramANa hotA hai / inameM se eka-eka grAsa kramazaH kama AhAra grahaNa karate hue eka grAsa taka athavA "ekasiktha" (eka cAvala) taka AhAra grahaNa karanA avamaudarya tapa hai| puruSa aura strI ke uparyukta AhAra parimANa meM se eka-do Adi grAsa kI hAni ke krama se jaba taka eka grAsa mAtra bhI zeSa hotA hai vaha avamodarya tapa hai| jaba taka ardhagrAsa hI avaziSTa rahe yA ekasiktha zeSa rahe taba taka bhI avamaudarya hai / eka grAsa ke barAbara do bhAga karane para eka bhAga ko ardhakavala kahate haiM / ekasiktha (eka cAvala) mAtra jo kahA hai vaha AhAra kI alpatA kA upalakSaNa hai, anyathA koI mAtra ekasiktha bhojana ke lie kyoM udyata hogA ? vastutaH bhUkha se nyUna AhAra lenA jisameM 1. paDimApaDimaNNA vi hu karaMti pAovagamaNamappege / dIhaddha viharaMtA iMgiNImaraNaM ca appege // bhagavatI ArAdhanA 2071. 2. avamaM nyUna udaramasyAvamodaraH / avamodarasya bhAvaH karma ca avamaudaryamiti bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 214 vijayodayA TIkA pRSTha 238 (solApura) 3. uttarAdhyayana 308 anagAra dharmAmRta jJAnadIpikA 8 / 22 pR0 502. 4. mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 153. 5. aupapAtika sUtra 19. 6. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 211. 7. battIsA kira kavalA purisassadu hodi payadi aahaaro| _____egakavalAdIhiM tatto UNiyagahaNaM umodariyaM / / -mUlAcAra 5 / 153 vRtti sahita. 8. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 212 vijayodayA sahita pRSTha 428. 12

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178 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pUrI tRpti na ho-yaha apane Apa meM tapa hI hai| kyoMki mAtrA se adhika AhAra grahaNa to pramANAtikrAMta doSa hai| aisA karane vAlA sAdhu prakAmabhojI tathA bahubhojI kahA jAtA hai / ' jitane AhAra se zarIra TikA raha sake utane (parimita) AhAra ko zivArya ne "javaNAhAra" kahA hai / / AcArya vaTTakera ne kahA hai-uttama kSamAdi dasa dharma, SaDAvazyaka, AtApana Adi yoga, dhyAna, svAdhyAya aura cAritra-ina sabake pAlana tathA nidrAvijaya meM yaha avamaudarya tapa upagraha (upakAra) karatA hai| itanA hI nahIM apitu isa tapa se indriyA~ svachanda pravRti nahIM karatI aura apane vaza meM rahatI haiM / uvavAI sutta meM isa tapa ke dravyataH aura bhAvataH-ye do bheda kiye haiN| jisakA jitanA AhAra hai usameM se kama se kama eka yA isase bhI kama grAsa AhAra karanA dravyataH avamaudarya tapa hai tathA krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ke zabdaprayoga evaM kalaha kama karanA bhAvataH avamaudarya (UnodarI) tapa hai| yaha tapa una zramaNoM ko avazya karanA cAhie jo vizeSa rUpa meM pitta ke prakopavaza upavAsa karane meM asamartha haiM, athavA jinheM upavAsa se adhika thakAna Ato hai / " pUjyapAda ne kahA hai saMyama ko jAgRta rakhane, doSoM ko prazama karane, saMtoSa aura svAdhyAya Adi ko sukhapUrvaka siddhi ke lie avamaudarya tapa kiyA jAtA hai / 3. rasaparityAga (rasaparicAo) tapa : AsvAdana rUpa kriyA-dharma kA nAma rasa hai / isa dRSTi se dUdha, dahI, ghI, tela, gur3a, namaka Adi dravyoM tathA kaTu, tikta, kaSAyalA, amla aura madhuraisa rasoM kA pUrNataH tyAga karanA rasaparityAga tapa hai| ye dravya aura rasa prAsuka bhI hoM to bhI tapo-vRddhi ke uddezya se inakA sevana yogya nahIM hai / mUlAcAra meM navanIta, madya, mAMsa aura madhu-ina cAroM kA mahAvikRtiyoM ke rUpa meM 1. bhagavatI sUtra 7.1. 2. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 244. 3. dhammAvAsayajoge NANAdIye uvaggahaM kuNadi / ____Na ya iMdiyappadosayarI umodariyatavovutto / / mUlAcAra 5 / 154. 4. uvavAiya pUrvArddha 38-42, uttarAdhyayana 30 / 15. 5. dhavalA 1315, 4 / 26 / 56 / 12. 6. sarvArthasiddhi 9 / 19 pairA0 856. 7. khIradahisappitela guDalavaNANaM ca ja pariccayaNaM / tiktakaTukasAyaMvilamadhurarasANaM ca jaM cayaNaM / / mUlAcAra 5 / 155.

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uttaraguNa : 179 ullekha kiyA hai| inameM se navanIta kAMkSA arthAt tIbra viSayAbhilASA ko utpanna karatA hai / madya arthAt madirA (zarAba) punaH punaH agamyA strI ke sAtha bhoga-vilAsa karAtI hai| mAMsa darpa utpanna karatA hai / madhu indriya tathA prANi asaMyama ko utpanna karatA hai| ataH sarvajJa kI AjJA ke prati AdaravAn, pApabhIru tayA tapa meM ekAgratA ke abhilASI zramaNa ina saba mahAvikRtiyoM ko saMyama-grahaNa ke pUrva ho sadA ke lie chor3a dete haiM kyoMki ina sabake sevana se ghora ahiMsA aura asaMyama Adi hotA hai jo karmabandha kA kAraNa hai| uttarAdhyayana meM kahA hai-rasoM kA prakAma arthAt yatheccha upabhoga nahIM karanA cAhie / ye manuSya ko prAyaH dRptikara arthAt unmAda bar3hAne vAle hote haiM | viSayAsakta manuSya ko vaise hI kAma utpIDita karate haiM jaise svAdu phalavAle vRkSoM ko pakSI / yatheccha bhojana karane vAle kI indriyAgni zAnta nahIM hotii| brahmacarya kA pAlana karane vAloM ke lie to prakAma bhojana kabhI bhI hitakara nahIM hai / vizeSa indriya svAda ke anurAga se kiyA gayA yathAlavdha AhAra bhI hiMsA kA sthAna hotA hai / bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kahA hai ki dUdha, dahI Adi uparyukta dravyoM aura rasoM meM se sabakA athavA eka-eka kA tyAga bhI rasaparityAga hai| zarIra sallekhanA karane vAloM ko isa tapa kA vizeSa pAlana karanA cAhie / yaha tapa prANisaMyama aura indriyasaMyama kI prApti ke lie kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki jihvA-indriya ke nirodha se saba indriyoM kA nirodha ho jAtA hai / aura saba indriyoM ke nirodha se asaMyama kA nirodha ho jAtA hai| yaha eka prakAra kA AsvAda vrata rUpa tapa hai| rasanendriya kI svAdavRtti para vijaya kI sAdhanA isameM sannihita hai| 4. vRttiparisaMkhyAna (vRttiparisaMkhA) tapa : bhojana, bhAjana (pAtra), ghara, bAra (muhallA) inheM vRtti kahate haiM / isa vRtti kA parityAga arthAt parimANa, niyaMtraNa, grahaNa karanA vRttiparisaMkhyAna hai / ise 1. mUlAcAra 5 / 156, 657 tathA bha0 A0 213, 214. TIkA sahita. 2. uttarAdhyayana 32 / 10-11. 3. pravacanasAra vRtti0 3 / 29, pR0 284. 4. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 215, 117. 5. dhavalA 13 / 5,4,26 / 57 / 10. 6. bhoyaNa-bhAyaNa-ghara-vADa-dAdArA vuttI NAma / tisse buttie parisaMkhANaM gahaNaM vuttiparisaMkhANaM NAma-dhavalA 1315, 4, 26157 / 4.

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180 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana zvetAmbara paramparA meM ise vRttisaMkSepa' tathA bhikSAcarI nAma se ise tRtIya tapa mAnA hai| mUlAcAra meM kahA hai ki AhArArtha jAne se pUrva bhikSA se sambaddha gocara (gRha) pramANa, vAtA, bhAjana (pAtra) tathA azana Adi vividha prakAra ke abhigraha yA saMkalpapUrvaka vRtti karanA vRttiparisaMkhyAna tapa hai / mUlAcAravRtti meM isa kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahA hai ki gocara pramANa se tAtparya gharoM ke pramANa kA saMkalpa lekara AhArArtha nikalanA hai| jaise yadi itane gharoM meM AhAra milegA to karUMgA anyathA nahIM / dAtA kA saMkalpa arthAt yadi vRddha, javAna Adi saMkalpAnusAra dAtA vizeSa hI merA pratigraha karegA (par3agAhegA) tabhI usake ghara meM usase AhAra grahaNa ko jAU~gA anyathA nahIM / bhAjana saMkalpa se tAtparya hai ki yadi kAMse, pItala Adi dhAtu vizeSa pAtra yA bhAjana lie hue par3agAhanA karegA, tabhI AhAra grahaNa ko usake ghara meM jAu~gA anyathA nhiiN| isI taraha azana jaise cAvala, saktu Adi saMkalpita azanavizeSa milegA tabhI AhAra karU~gA anyathA nahIM / isa prakAra apanI zakti ke anusAra vividha prakAra ke abhigraha dhAraNa karake bhikSA grahaNa karanA vRttiparisaMkhyAna tapa hai| kaThinatA aura vidhipUrvaka AhAra prApta ho pAne kI dRSTi se isa tapa ke antargata niyamoM kI bAta kahI gayI hai| isase AzA, lolupatA tathA antarAyakarma Adi kA uccheda hotA hai tathA dhairya guNa meM vRddhi hotI hai| zramaNa ko apanI vattiyoM kA kaThora saMyama karanA hotA hai / dhavalA meM kahA hai indriya saMyama tathA bhojanAdi ke prati rAgavRtti ko sarvathA dUra karane ke lie zramaNa ko yaha tapa avazya karanA caahie|' 5. kAyakleza (kAyakilesa) tapa : sthAna, zayana, Asana Adi dharmopakAra ke hetubhUta vividha sAdhanoM se zAstrAnusAra vivekapUrvaka vRkSamUla, abhrAvakAza, AtApanAdi se zarIra ko paritApa (kleza) denA kAyakleza tapa hai| isa saMkSipta paribhASA kA vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM milatA hai| yahA~ Asanayoga, gamanayoga, 1. samavAyAMga samavAya 6. 2. uttarAdhyayana 308. 3. goyarapamANadAyagabhAyaNaNANAvidhANa jaM gahaNaM / taha esaNassa gahaNaM vividhassa ya vuttiparisaMkhA // mUlAcAra 5 / 158. 4. mUlAcAravRtti 5 / 158. 5. dhavalA 1335, 4, 26 / 56 / 6 6. ThANasayaNAsahiM ya vivihehiM ya uggayehi bahuehiM / aNuvIcIparitAo 'kAyakileso havadi eso / mUlAcAra 5 / 159.

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uttaraguNa : 181 sthAnayoga, zayanayoga aura aparikarmayoga - ina pA~ca yogoM meM kAyakleza tapa ko vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / " - 1 - jisa grAma meM muni ( 6 ) gatvA pratyAgamana gamanayoga ke antargata (1) anusUrya gamana arthAt kar3I dhUpa meM pUrva se pazcima kI ora jAnA / (2) pratisUrya - pazcima dizA se sUraja kI ora mukha karake pUrva kI ora jAnA / ( 3 ) UrdhvasUrya gamana - madhyAhna meM sUrya jaba Upara bIcoM-bIca A jAye taba gamana karanA / ( 4 ) tiryaksUrya gamana - - sUrya jaba tirachA ho taba gamana karanA / ( 5 ) udbhAga ( udbhramaka) ThaharA ho usa grAma se dUsa grAma bhikSArtha jAnA tathA dUsare gA~va jAkara puna: avasthita gA~va lauTa AnA / sthAnayoga ke antargata ( 1 ) sAdhAraNa - cikane lekara khar3e honA / (2) savIcAra --- jahA~ pahale khar3e the usa pUrva sthAna se dUsare sthAna para jAkara prahara, dina Adi rUpa nizcita samaya taka khar3e rahanA / ( 3 ) saniruddha - sva-sthAna para nizcala khar3e rahanA / ( 4 ) vyutsarga - kAyotsarga karanA / (5) samapAda - donoM paira barAbara karake khar3e rahanA / ( 6 ) ekapAda - eka paira para khar3e rahanA tathA (7) gRddhoDDIna ( giddholINa ) - jaise gIdha AkAza meM ur3ate samaya apane paMkha phailA letA hai usI taraha apanI donoM bAheM phailAkara khar3e rahanA -- sAta sthAnoM ke bheda sammilita haiM / 3 stambha Adi kA Azraya Asanayoga meM nimnalikhita Asana bhedoM kA vivecana hai- 1. samaparyaMGkasamyak paryakAsana se baiThanA arthAt donoM jaMghAoM ko donoM pairoM para TikAkara baiThanA / 2. samapada - jaMghA aura kaTi bhAga ko sama karake baiThanA / 3. godohikAgAya duhate samaya jisa prakAra kI Asana se baiThA jAtA hai usa Asana se baiThanA arthAt ghuTanoM ko U~cA rakha paMjoM ke bala baiThakara donoM hAthoM ko donoM sAMthaloM para TikAkara gAya duhane kI mudrA meM baiThanA / 4. utkuTikA - ukaDU hokara baiThanA arthAt er3I aura nitamboM ko U~cA rakhakara ( nitamboM se bhUmi ko na chUte hue ) baiThanA / 5. makaramukha -- magara ke mukha kI taraha paira karake baiThanA / 6. hastisuMDI - hAthI kI sUMDa phailAne kI taraha eka paira phailAkara baiThanA / 7. go-niSadyA -- donoM gamana 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 222 se 227 taka. 2. aNusUrI paDisUrI ya uDhasUrI ya tiriyasUrI ya / ubbhAgeNa ya gamaNaM paDiAgamaNaM ca gaMNa / / vahI 222. 3. sAdhAraNaM savIcAraM saNiruddhaM taheva tosaTTa / semapAdamegapAdaM giddholINaM ca ThANANi / / vahI 223.

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182 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana jaMghAoM ko sikor3akara gAya kI taraha baiThanA / 8. ardhaparyaGka-eka jaMghA ke adhobhAga ko eka paira para TikAkara baiThanA / 9. vIrAsana-donoM jaMghAoM ko yogya antara se phailAkara baiThanA / ' zayanayoga ke nimnalikhita bheda kiye haiM-1. daNDAyata-daNDa ke samAna zarIra ko lambA karake sonaa| 2. Urdhvazayana-khar3e hokara sonA / 3. lagaMDa zayana-zarIra ko saMkucita karake sonA / 4. uttAnazayana-Upara ko mukha karake (sIdhe leTakara) sonaa| 5. avamastaka zayana-nIce mukha karake (auMdhA hokara) sonA / 6. ekapArzva zayana-dAI yA bAI karavaTa (pAca) se sonA / 7. mRtaka zayana-mRtaka kI taraha nizceSTa sonA tathA 8. abhrAvakAza zayanakhule AkAza meM sonaa| aparikarmayoga ke nimnalikhita bheda haiM-1. aniSThIvana-nahIM thakanA / 2. akaNDUyana-nahIM khujalAnA / 3. tRNa-phalaka-zilA-bhUmi-zayyA-tRNa arthAt ghAsa, kASTha-phalaka (caukI Adi), zilA aura bhUmi para sonA / 4. kezalocabAloM ko hAthoM se ukhAr3akara alaga krnaa| 5. abhyutthAna--rAta meM zayana nahIM karanA arthAt jaagnaa| 6. asnAna-snAna nahIM krnaa| 7. adantadhAvanadAtoM ko nahIM dhonA tathA 8. zIta-uSNa-Atapana yoga-arthAt ThaNDI, garmI aura dhUpa sahana krnaa| ___isa prakAra uparyukta sabhI yogoM aura unake antargata bhedoM se saMbaMdhita viSayoM ko kAyakleza ke hI antargata mAnA gayA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra tathA aupapAtikasUtra' Adi granthoM meM kAyakleza tapa ke AsanoM Adi kI dRSTi se aneka prakAra ke bheda kiye gaye haiM, jo bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke uparyukta prAyaH sabhI bhedoM ke antargata A jAte haiM / 1. samapaliyaMkaNisejjA samapadagodohiyA ya ukkuddiyaa| magaramuha hatthisuNDI goNisejjaddhapaliyaMkA / / bhagavatI ArAdhanA 224. 2. vIrAsaNaM ca daNDAyauDhDhasAI ya lagaDasAI ya / uttANo macchiya egapAsasAi ya maDayasAI ya // vahI 225. 3. abbhAvagAsasayaNaM aNivaNA akaMDugaM ceva / taNaphalayasilAbhUmI sejjA taha kesaloco ya // anbhuTThaNaM ca rAdo aNhANamadaMtadhovaNaM ceva / kAyakileso eso sIduNhAdAvaNAdi ya // vahI 226,227. 7. sthAnAMga sUtra 7 / 49. 5. aupapAtika sUtra 19.

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uttaraguNa : 183 kAyakleza tapa kA mUla uddezya zarIra ko kisI prakAra kA kaSTa denA mAtra nahIM hai apitu isameM uparyukta yoga vidhiyoM ke dvArA zarIra ke prati nirmamatva bhAva utpanna kara AtmA meM sthita ananta zaktiyoM kI jAgRti, AdhyAtmika utkarSa kI prApti tathA AtmakalyANa kI bhAvanA nihita hai / vastutaH jo AtmA ko mokSa ke sAtha jor3ate haiM ve sabhI vyavahAra yoga haiM / isIlie jisa kisI prakAra se zarIra ko paritApa dene kA nAma hI kAyakleza nahIM kintu ukta AsanoM Adi se zarIra ko jo kaSTa hotA hai usakA nAma kAyakleza hai | dhavalA meM kahA hai ki zIta, vAta, Atapa aura upavAsoM dvArA kSudhA, tRSA Adi bAdhAoM ko sahanakara vIra Adi AsanoM se dhyAna kA abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai / " isameM zramaNa ko yaha cintana karanA cAhie ki jo parISaha, kaSTa Adi haiM ve AtmA meM nahIM apitu zarIra meM hote haiM aura yaha zarIra merA nahIM hai / yahI cintana kAyakleza tapa kA AdhyAtmika AdhAra hai / isase dehAsakti aura dehAdhyAsa ko kama karane kA bala prApta hotA hai / pUjyapAda ne kahA hai- zArIrika kaSTa kI sahanazakti, pravacana kI prabhAvanA tathA sukhoM se anAsaktabhAva kI prApti hetu yaha tapa karanA yogya hai / 6. viviktazayanAsana (vivittasayaNAsaNa ) tapa : 4 sAmAnyataH isakA artha hai bAdhA rahita ekAnta sthAna meM rahanA / mUlAcAra meM kahA hai ki tiryaJca ( pazu Adi ), manuSya sambandhI strIjAti, savikAriNI devI arthAt bhavanavAsI, vyantarAdi se sambandhita devAMganAyeM tathA gRhastha - ina sabase saMsakta ghara, AvAsa Adi tathA apramattajanoM ke saMsarga se rahita ekAnta sthAnoM meM rahanA viviktazayanAsana tapa hai / bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI kahA hai-jisa vasati meM manojJa yA amanojJa zabda, rasa, rUpa, gandha aura sparza ke dvArA azubha pariNAma nahIM hote athavA svAdhyAya aura dhyAna meM vyAghAta nahIM hotA - ve vivikta vasati haiM / " ataH zUnyaghara, giriguphA, vRkSamUla, AgantukoM ke nimitta nirmita ghara, devakula, zikSAgRha, akRta ( kisI ke dvArA nahIM banAyA gayA ) sthAna, 1. dhavalA 1315, 4, 26/58.5. 2. AcArAMga 118821. 3. sarvArthasiddhi 9 / 19. 4 terikkhi mANussiyasa vigAriNidevigehi saMsatte / vajjeMti appamattA lie sayaNAsaNa dvANe || mUlAcAra 5 / 160 5. jattha Na visottiga asthi du sadda rasarUvagandhaphAse hi / sajjhAyajjhANavAghAdo vA vasadhI vivittA sA // bhagavatI ArAdhanA 228

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184 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana bhArAma (krIr3A) ghara-ina vivikta vasatiyoM meM rahanA viviktazayanAsana tapa hai|' bhaTTa akalaMka ne bhI kahA hai ki bAdhAnivAraNa, brahmacarya, svAdhyAya aura dhyAna Adi ke lie nirjantuka zanyAgAra, giriguphA Adi ekAnta sthAna meM uThanAbaiThanA, sonA Adi kArya karanA viviktazayyAsana tapa hai / 2 __ zramaNa ko aise ekAnta sthAna meM rahane kI abhiruci vAlA honA cAhie jo zanya hoM, jaise zmazAna, tarUtala, vana tathA parakRta arthAt jo sAdhu ke nimitta na banAye gaye hoN| ekAMta aura anApAta-jahA~ adhika logoM kA AnA-jAnA na ho, striyoM, pazuoM Adi se rahita, zAnta sthAna meM zayana-Asana karanA viviktazayanAsana tapa hai| tabhI alpa AhAra karane vAle, indriyoM para saMyama rakhane vAle aura vivikta zayanAsana kA sevana karane vAle zramaNa ko rAga rUpa zatru AkrAMta nahIM kara sktaa|" yaha tapa citta kI vyagratA dUra karane ke lie kiyA jAtA hai / ataH vyagra karane vAle kalahapUrNa zabda, saMklezapariNAma, asaMyata janoM kI saMgati, dhyAna-adhyayana kA vighAta Adi bAtoM kA vivikta vasatikA meM abhAva hone se ekAntavAsI zramaNa mana, vacana aura kAya kI azubha pravRttiyoM se dUra, pA~ca samiti aura tIna guptiyoM kA pAlana karate hue Atma-svarUpa meM lIna rahate haiM / samAdhi kI kAmanAyukta tapasvI zramaNa ko dhyAnAdi sAdhanA ke lie viveka ke yogya-ekAnta sthAna meM ThaharanA caahie|" ___ isa tapa kI pRSThabhUmi meM do uddezya nihita haiM : 1. akhaNDa brahmacarya kI sAdhanA aura 2. kaSTasahiSNutA, nirbhayatA tathA nirmamatva-bhAva kA abhyAsI bnnaa| mUlAcAra meM akhaMDa brahmacarya sAdhanA ke lie nirvighna tapazcaraNa para vizeSa bala diyA hai| tabhI to strI jAti mAtra tathA gRhasthajanoM ke saMsarga ke tyAga kA nAma viviktazayanAsana tapa kahA hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke anusAra isa tapa kA AcaraNa karane vAle zramaNa ko jaba tiryaJca, manuSya evaM devakRta upasargoM 1. suNNa gharagiriguhArukkhamUlaAgaMtugAradevakule / akadappanbhArArAmagharAdINi ya vivittAI / / bhagavatI ArAdhanA 231. 2. tattvArthavArtika 9 / 19 / 12 pRSTha 619. 3. uttarAdhyayana 3516, dhavalA 13 / 5 / 4, 26 / 5818. 4, vahI 30128. 5. vahI 32 / 12. 6. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 232-233. 7. uttarAdhyayana 32 / 4.

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uttaraguNa : 185 meM sthira raha pAtA hai aura jo apane Apako bhayabhIta nahIM karatA, vahI sAmAyika samAdhi kI sAdhanA kara sakatA hai|' zvetAmbara paramparA ke sthAnAMga, bhagavatI, tathA aupapAtika sUtra Adi kucha pramukha granthoM meM viviktazayanAsana ke sthAna para pratisaMlInatA (paDisaMlINatA) nAmaka tapa mAnA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM bAhyatapa ke bhedoM kI gaNanA meM isakA "saMlInatA" nAma se ullekha hai| kintu isake svarUpa-kathana ke prasaMga meM viviktazayanAsana nAma se hI isakA ullekha milatA hai|4 aupapAtikasUtra meM pratisaMlInatA ke indriya pratisaMlInatA, kaSAya pratisaMlInatA, yoga pratisaMlonatA aura viviktazayanAsana-ye cAra bheda karake viviktazayanAsana ko pratisaMlInatA kA eka bheda svIkRta kiyA gayA hai| tattvArthasUtra tathA isakI TIkAoM, anagAra dharmAmRta TIkA evaM mUlAcArapradIpa Adi granthoM meM viviktazayanAsana tapa ko pAMcavAM tathA kAyakleza tapa kA krama chaThA mAnA hai| jabaki bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura mUlAcAra Adi granthoM meM kAyakleza ko pAMcavAM tathA viviktazayanAsana ko chaThA tapa mAnA hai|" isa prakAra ye bAhyatapa AtmA ko sanmArga meM tatpara banAye rakhane ke apUrva sAdhana haiM / zramaNa ko jitendriya banAne meM bAhyatapa ko mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hotI hai / zivArya ne kahA hai-anazana, avamaudarya, vRttiparisaMkhyAna aura rasaparityAgaina cAra tapoM ke dvArA mukhya rUpa se rasanA (jihvA) indriya para vijaya prApta kI jAtI hai| kAyakleza aura viviktazayanAsana-ye do tapa sparzana, ghrANa, cakSu aura karNendriya-ina cAra indriyoM tathA inake viSayoM ke prati anAsakta banAne meM sahayoga karate haiN| mana kA saMyamana to sabhI tapoM se hotA hI hai| vastutaH 1. sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 2 / 2 / 17. 2. bhagavatI sUtra 25 / 7. sthAnAMga 6:65. aupapAtika satra 19. 3, aNasaNamaNoyariyA bhikkhAyariyA ya rspriccaao| kAyakileso saMlINayA ya bajjho tavo hoi / uttarAdhyayana 30 / 8. 4. egantamaNAvAe itthI pasuvivajjie / samaNAsaNasevaNayA vivittasayaNAsaNaM / vahI 30 / 28. 5. aupapAtika sUtra 19. 6. tattvArthasUtra 9 / 19. anagAra dharmAmRta 714 kI jJAnadIpikA vRtti, mUlAcAra pradIpa 6 / 165. 7. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 208, mUlAcAra 5 / 149. 8. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 238.

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186 : mUlAcAra kA samokSAtmaka adhyayana viSayoM meM vyAkulita cittavAlA prANI ratnatraya tathA anyAnya sabhI guNa-dharmoM meM sthira nahIM raha pAtA apitu azubha saMkalpa-vikalpoM meM gotA lagAtA rahatA hai / bAhyatapa paMcendriya sambandhI viSaya-sukhoM ke prati udAsInatA lAne, kaSTa sahiSNu banane, Alasya dUra karane, zarIra se mamatva bhAva dUra karane tathA Atma kalyANa meM pravRtta rahane meM atyadhika sahayogI banate haiN| itanA hI nahIM bAhyatapa ke dvArA sva-AtmA, apanA kula, gaNa arthAt apane guru tathA unakI ziSya paramparA aura pravacana arthAt jinamata--ina sabako bhI muni suzobhita karatA hai|' Abhyantara tapa : prAyazcitta, vinaya, vaiyAvRttya, svAdhyAya, vyutsarga aura dhyAna-ye chaha Abhyantara tapa haiM / ye sabhI antaH meM calane vAlI prakriyAoM ke rUpa haiM / prazasta cintana, manana aura anuzIlana dvArA mana ko ekAgra, zuddha aura nirmala banAnA-yaha Abhyantara tapa kI vidhi hai| bhaTTa akalaMka ne kahA hai ki ye prAyazcittAdi tapa bAhya dravyoM kI apekSA nahIM rakhate, antaH karaNa ke vyApAra se hote haiM tathA anya matAnuyAyiyoM dvArA ye tapa anabhyasta aura aprApta hone se inheM Abhyantara tapa kahate haiM / sanmArga arthAt muktimArga rUpa ratnatraya ke jJAtA jinakA AcaraNa karate hai ve Abhyantara tapa haiM / ye tapa zubha aura zuddha pariNAmarUpa hote haiM / inake binA mAtra bAhya tapa nirjarA meM samartha nahIM hote| yahA~ Abhyantara tapa ke pUrvokta chaha bhedoM kA kramazaH svarUpa prastuta hai-- 1. prAyazcitta (pAyacchitta) tapa: vyutpatti kI dRSTi se prAyaH+citta-ina do zabdoM se prAyazcitta zabda banA hai| prAyaH kA artha aparAdha aura citta kA tAtparya zodhana, saMzodhana-pramArjana hai / isa dRSTi se vaha kriyA prAyazcita hai jisake karane se aparAdha kI zuddhi ho / ' athavA prAyaH zabda kA artha loka (sAdhuloka) bhI hotA hai, usakA jisa kArya meM citta prasanna hotA hai vaha prAyazcita hai| isa taraha apane sAdharmI 1. AdA kulaM gaNo pavayaNaM ca sobhAvidaM havadi savvaM-bha0 A0 242. 2. tattvArthavArtika 9 / 20 pRSTha 620. anagAradharmAmRta 7 / 33. 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 1348 4. vijayodayA TokA 107 pRSTha 254. 5. aparAdho vA prAyaH, cittaM zuddhi, prAyasya cittaM prAyazcittam, aparAdhavizuddhiH -tattvArthavArtika 9 / 22 / 1. pRSTha 620. 6. prAyaH sAdhulokaH, prAyasya yasminkarmaNi cittaM tatprAyazcittam-vahI.

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uttaraguNa : 187 varga (sAdhuloka) ke mana ko prasanna tathA zuddha karane vAlA kArya prAyazcitta kahA jAtA hai| tattvArthavArtika meM kahA hai ki pramAdajanita doSoM ke nirAkaraNa, bhAvoM kI prasannatA, zalya rahita honA, avyavasthA kA nivAraNa, maryAdA kA pAlana, saMyama kI dRr3hatA tathA ArAdhanA kI siddhi ke uddezya se zramaNa ko prAyazcitta dvArA vizuddha honA Avazyaka hai|' mUlAcAra meM kahA hai pUrvakAla meM kiye hue pApoM kA vinAza karake jisake dvArA AtmA ko nirmala banAyA jAye vaha prAyazcitta tapa hai| isa taraha yaha tapa doSoM (pApoM) kI vizuddhi kI uttama prakriyA hai| isa tapa meM apane azubha AcaraNa ke prati glAni prakaTa karane ke uddezya se pazcAtApa, AlocanA tathA apane guru ke samakSa doSa nivedana karake yAgya daNDa kI yAcanA aura usakI svIkRti ke bhAva nihita haiN| isa tapa kA AcaraNa karane ke lie zramaNa ko vinamra, sarala, niSkapaTa hRdaya yukta tathA sadbhAvanApUrNa mana vAlA honA Avazyaka hai kyoMki prAyazcitta tapa cikitsA (upacAra) jaisA hotA hai / jaise kisI rogI ke upacAra (cikitsA) kA uddezya use kaSTa denA yA duHkhI karanA nahIM apitu roga dUra karanA hai, vaise hI prAyazcitta kA uddezya zramaNa ke doSa dUra karanA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke jItakalpa sUtra meM kahA hai ki saMvara aura nirjarA se mokSa hotA hai tathA saMvara aura nirjarA kA kAraNa tapa hai| tayoM meM prAyazcitta tapa pradhAna hai| ataH mokSamArga kI dRSTi se isakA atyadhika mahatva hai| mUlAcAra meM prAyazcitta ke anyAnya ATha nAmoM (paryAyavAcI zabdoM) kA ullekha hai-pUrvakarmakSapaNa, kSepaNa, nirjaraNa, zodhana, dhAvana, puJchana, utkSepaNa aura chedana / bhedaH-prAyazcitta tapa ke dasa bheda haiM-1. AlocanA, 2. pratikramaNa, 3. tadubhaya 4. viveka 5. vyutsarga 6. tapa 7. cheda 8. mUla 9. parihAra aura 10. zraddhAna / 5 1. tattvArthavArtika 9 / 22 / 1 pRSTha 620. 2. pAyacchittaM tti tavo jeNa visujjhadi hu puvakayapAvaM-mUlAcAra 51164. 3. jotakalpa sUtra gAthA 2. 4. porANakammakhavaNaM khivaNaM NijjaraNa sodhaNaM dhuvaNaM / puMchaNamucchivaNaM chidaNaM tti pAyacchittassa NAmAI // mUlAcAra 5 / 166 5. AlAyaNapaDikamaNaM ubhayavivego tahA viussggo| ___ tava chedo mUlaM vi ya parihAro ceva saddahaNA // mUlAcAra 5 / 165, 11 / 16.

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188 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sthAnAMga, bhagavatI, tathA dhavalA meM ina dasa bhedoM meM navama anavasthApya (tapasyApUrvaka punardIkSA) tathA dazama pArAMcika (bhartsanA aura avahelanA pUrvaka punardIkSA) bheda batAye haiM jabaki zeSa ATha bheda mUlAcAra kI hI taraha hai|' tattvArthasUtra tathA isake sabhI TIkA granthoM meM prAyazcitta ke nau bhedoM kA ullekha hai-AlocanA, pratikramaNa, tadubhaya, viveka, vyutsarga, tapa, cheda, parihAra aura upasthApanA / 2 inameM mUla aura zraddhAna prAyazcitta kI gaNanA nahIM hai / navama upasthApanA prAyazcitta mAnA hai, jisakA svarUpa mUlAcAra ke mUla-prAyazcitta ke samAna hai / mUlAcAra tathA usakI vRtti meM varNita prAyazcitta ke upayukta dasa bhedoM kA vivecana kramazaH isa prakAra hai| 1. AlocanA (AlopaNa)-AcArya ke samakSa sarala bhAva se AtmaniMdA pUrvaka apane doSoM ko prakaTa karanA AlocanA hai| isake dvArA zramaNa tIna zalyoM (mAyA, nidAna evaM mithyAdarzana) ko dUra kara detA hai| isase hRdaya meM nirmalatA kA saMcAra hotA hai aura antara-jIvana nirdoSa banatA hai| __ AlocanA jina doSoM se rahita hokara kI jAtI hai ve dasa doSa nimnalikhita haiM -1. Akampita-anna, pAna, upakaraNa Adi dekara AcArya ko apanA AtmIya banAkara doSoM kA nivedana krnaa| 2. anumAnita-zarIra kI zakti, AhAra aura bala kI alpatA dikhAkara anunayapUrvaka dIna vacanoM se AcArya ko anumata karanA, unake mana meM karuNA utpanna kara doSa nivedana karanA / 3. yadRSTajo doSa dUsare sAdhu dekha cukeM unakI to AlocanA kara lenA, bAkI doSa chipA lenA / 4. bAdara-bar3e doSa kahanA, choTe chipAnA / 5. sUkSma-choTe doSoM kA nivedana karanA, bar3e chipA lenA / 6. channa- isakA artha pracchanna kiyA hai arthAt kisI misa (bahAne) doSa kathana kara usa doSa kA upayukta prAyazcitta apane gurU se jAnakara svataH prAyazcitta le lenaa| 7. zabdAkulita-jaba sabhI milakara eka sAtha pAkSika, cAturmAsika, sAMvatsarika Adi pratikramaNa kara rahe hoM usI samaya bIca meM apane doSa nivedana karanA tAki AcArya yA dUsare sAdhu 1. sthAnAMga (ThANaM) 1073 pRSTha 917 bhagavatI mUtra 2517 / 9 tathA dhavalA 13 / 5, 4, 26 / 63 / 1. 2. tattvArthasUtra 9 / 22, tattvArthavArtika, 9 / 22, pRSTha 620. 3. mUlAcAra vRttisahita 5 / 165. 4. AkaMpiya aNumANiya jaM diLaM vAdaraM ca suhumaM ca / chaNNaM saddAkuliyaM bahujaNamavatta tassevI / vahI savRtti 11115.

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uttaraguNa : 189 use acchI taraha na suna skeN| 8. bahujana-eka AcArya se apane doSa nivedana karane para unhoMne jo prAyazcitta diyA hai usa para azraddhA karake dusare AcArya se doSa kathana kara prAyazcitta pUchanA / 9. avyakta-laghu prAyazcitta ke uddezya se prAyazcitta dene meM akuzala ke samakSa apane doSa nivedana karanA tathA 10. tatsevI-jo apane sadRza doSoM se yukta hai, usI ko apane doSa nivedana karanA tAki vaha bar3A prAyazcitta na de skeN| uparyukta dasa doSoM ke adhyayana se aisA jJAta hotA hai ki inakI artha paramparA meM kahIM-kahIM antara hai / jaise--mUlAcAra,' sthAnAMga, tattvArthavArtika Adi granthoM meM prathama AkaMpita doSa kA artha AcArya ko upakaraNa Adi dekara apanA AtmIya banAkara doSoM kI AlocanA karanA kiyA hai / kintu SaTprAbhRta kI zrutasAgarIya TIkA' meM isakA artha-AcArya mujhe daNDa na de deM-isa bhaya se AlocanA karanA kiyA hai / dvitIya anumAnita doSa kA mUlAcAravRtti ke anusAra zarIra kI zakti tathA AhAra aura bala kI alpatA dikhAkara dIna vacanoM se AcArya ke mana meM karuNA utpanna kara doSa nivedana karanA artha kiyA hai / kintu sthAnAMga sUtra ke vRttikAra abhayadevasUri ne isakA artha AcArya mRdu daNDa dene vAle haiM yA amRdu daNDa dene vAle haiM-aisA anumAna kara mRdu prAyazcita kI sambhAvanA hone para AlocanA karanA artha kiyA hai| tRtIya yadRSTa doSa kA nAma tattvArthavArtika meM mAyAcAra tathA caturtha kA nAma sthUla milatA hai / chaThe channadoSa kA mUlAcAravRtti meM pracchanna artha karate hue kahA hai ki kisI misa (bahAne) se doSa-kathana kara svayaM prAyazcitta lenA / SaTprAbhRta kI zrutasAgarIya TIkA meM guptarUpa se kevala AcArya ke pAsa apanA doSa prakaTa karanA dUsare ke pAsa nahIM-- artha kiyA hai jabaki sthAnAMga vRtti tathA nizIthabhASya cUNi meM channa kA artha itane dhIme svara meM AlocanA karanA jise vaha svayaM hI suna sake AcArya na suna pAye artha kiyA hai| aSTama bahujana doSa kA mUlAcAra meM artha kiyA hai kijo prAyazchitta eka AcArya ne diyA ho, usa para azraddhA karake dUsaroM se pUchanA, jabaki sthAnAMga vRtti meM eka ke pAsa AlocanA kara phira usI doSa ko dUsare ke pAsa AlocanA karanA-artha kiyA hai / SaTprAbhUta kI zrutasAgarIya TIkA meM 1. mUlAcAra 11115 vRtti sahita. 2. abhayadeva sari kRta sthAnAMga vRtti 1070 patra 460. 3. tattvArthavArtika 9 / 22 / 2 pRSTha 621. 4. SaTprAbhRta 19 zrutasAgarIya vRtti pRSTha 9.

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190 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana jaba bahuta bar3A saMgha ekatrita ho, taba doSa prakaTa karanA--artha kiyA hai / dazaveM tatsevI doSa kA mUlAcAra meM jo apane sadRza doSI haiM mahAprAyazcitta ke bhaya se usI se apane doSa kahanA artha kiyA hai| jabaki SaTprAbhRta kI zrutasAgarIya TokA meM isakA artha-jisa doSa kA prakAzana kiyA hai, usakA punaH sevana karanA--kiyA hai| sthAnAMga vatti meM AlocanA dene vAle jina doSoM ko svayaM sevana karate haiM, unake pAsa una doSoM kI AlocanA karanA artha kiyA hai| ___ isa prakAra AlocanA ke ina dasa doSoM meM se kucha doSoM kA artha vibhinna granthakAroM ne alaga-alaga DhaMga se kiyA hai| 2. pratikramaNa (paDikamaNa) : yaha prAyazcitta kA dvitIya bheda hai / karmavaza yA pramAda Adi ke dvArA kRta doSoM kA zodhana karanA pratikramaNa hai, arthAt kRta, kArita aura anumodanA ke dvArA kiye hue pApoM kI nivRtti ke lie 'micchAmi dukkaDaM-merA duSkRta (doSa) mithyA ho-aisA mAnasika pazcAtApa karanA pratikramaNa hai / yaha devasika, rAtrika, pAkSika Adi rUpa hai| 3. tadubhaya : kucha doSa AlocanA mAtra se zuddha hote haiM aura kucha pratikramaNa se tathA kucha donoM se, yahI tadubhaya prAyazcitta hai / arthAt jisa doSa kI zuddhi AlocanA aura pratikramaNa ina donoM ke karane se ho vaha vadubhaya hai / 4. viveka (vivego) : jisa vastu ke tyAga se doSa kI vizuddhi ho una saMsakta (aprAsuka) anna-pAna-upakaraNa Adi kA tyAga viveka hai| AhArAdi meM akalpanIya vastu A jAe aura bAda meM mAlUma par3e to usakA tyAga viveka prAyazcita hai| 5. vyutsarga (viussaggo) : kAla kA niyama karake kAyotsarga arthAt zarIra ke vyApAra rokakara ekAgratApUrvaka dhyeya vastu meM upayoga lagAnA vyutsarga hai / 6. tapa : anazana-avamodarya Adi karanA tapa hai| 7. cheda : doSa ko laghutA yA gurutA ke anusAra usako nivRtti hetu pakSa, mAsa, varSa Adi kAla-pramANa kI dIkSA chedakara kama kara denaa| 8. mUla : aba taka kI sampUrNa dIkSA cheda (samApta) kara punaH dokSA denA, kyoMki udgamAdi doSayukta AhAra, upakaraNa tathA vasatikA grahaNa karane para zramaNa mUla-sthAna ko prApta ho jAtA hai| ataH viparIta AcaraNa se utpanna 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 292.

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uttaraguNa : 191 doSoM kI zuddhi ke lie cAritra paryAya kA sarvathA chedakara naI dIkSA denA mala prAyazcitta hai| 9. parihAra : doSa karane vAle zramaNa ko doSAnusAra pakSa, mAsa Adi kAla taka apane saMsarga se alaga kara denA tathA usase kisI taraha kA saMsarga na rakhanA parihAra prAyazcitta hai| 10. zraddhAna (saddahaNA) : tattva meM ruci banAye rakhanA zraddhAna hai| arthAt samyagdarzana ko chor3akara mithyAtva meM unmukha zramaNa ko zraddhAyukta banAkara punaH dIkSita karanA / athavA mAnasika doSa ke hone para usake parimArjana ke lie 'merA doSa mithyA ho'-aisA abhivyakta karane ko bhI zraddhAna prAyazcitta kahate hai|' ye prAyazcitta ke dasa bheda haiM / akalaMkadeva ne kahA hai-deza, kAla, zakti aura saMyama Adi ke avirodha rUpa se aparAdha ke anusAra doSa prazamana hetu ina prAyazcittoM ko grahaNa karanA cAhie / yadyapi jIva ke pariNAma asaMkhya loka ke barAbara hote haiM tathA jitane prANiyoM ke pariNAma hote haiM utane aparAdha bhI hote haiM kintu utane prakAra ke prAyazcitta to ho nahIM sakate / ataH vyavahAra naya kI dRSTi se upayukta vargIkaraNa karake prAyazcittoM kA yahA~ sthUla nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| 2. vinaya (viNaya) tapaH __jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa ke aticAra rUpa azubha kriyAoM se nivRtti kA nAma vinaya tapa hai / vijayodayA meM kahA hai 'jo azubha karma ko dUra karatA hai, naSTa karatA hai aise kartavya ko vinaya kahate haiM / athavA jo jJAnAvaraNa Adi ATha prakAra ke karmoM kA nAza karatA hai tathA mithyAtva avirati, pramAda aura yoga jisake kAraNa haiM aise saMsAra se jo chur3AtA hai vaha vinaya hai| vastutaH vinaya zabda 'vi' upasargapUrvaka 'nI nayane' dhAtu se banA hai / 'vinayatIti vinayaH' aisA karane para 'vinayati' ke do artha hote haiM-dUra karanA aura vizeSa rUpa se prApta kraanaa| ataH jo aprazasta karmoM ko dUra karatI hai aura vizeSa rUpa se svarga tathA mokSa ko prApta karAtI hai vaha vinaya hai|4 pratyeka AcArazAstra meM vinaya tapa kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / kyoMki vinaya mokSa kA dvAra hai / isI se jJAna, saMyama aura tapa sadhate haiM, AcArya aura sampUrNa 1. malAcAravRtti 5 / 165. 2. tattvArthavArtika 9 / 22 / 10 pRSTha 622. 3. vijayodayA TIkA 112 pRSTha 259. 4. anagAra dharmAmRta 7 / 61 pRSTha 525.

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196 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana saMgha bhI ArAdhita hote haiN| kintu vinaya se rahita zramaNa kI saba zikSA niSphala hai kyoMki zikSA kA phala vinaya hai aura vinaya kA phala sabhI prakAra ke kalyANa kI prApti hai / AcAra ke krama tathA kalpya guNoM kA prakAzana arthAt zruta aura cAritra kI ArAdhanA kI siddhi, Atmazuddhi, nirdvanda bhAva kI prApti, Arjava, mArdava, laghutA, bhakti, svayaM aura dUsaroM ko AhlAda prApti, korti, mitratA, mAnabhaMjana, gurujanoM kA bahumAna, tIthaMkaroM kI AjJA kA pAlana aura guNoM kI anumodanA-ye saba vinaya ke guNa hai|' vahI vinaya jaba samyak AcaraNa meM pratiphalita hotI hai to yaha tapa kA rUpa grahaNa kara letI hai / paMcama gati ke nAyaka rUpa vinaya tapa ke pAMcabheda haiM-darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa aura upacAra / 2 ina pA~coM meM vinaya rakhanA vinaya tapa hai| zaMkA, kAMkSA Adi ko dUra karanA darzana vinaya hai| zrutajJAna ke prati bhakti, bahumAna Adi karanA jJAna vinaya hai, jo saMvara aura nirjarA kA kAraNa hai| karmoM ke grahaNa meM nimitta kriyAoM ko rokanA cAritra vinaya hai / anazana Adi tapa se honevAlA kaSTa sahanA tapavinaya hai / mana vacana aura kAya se pratyakSa aura parokSa rUpa meM apane gurujanoM, jyeSTha sAdhuoM Adi meM yathAyogya Adara, AjJApAlana, anukaraNa Adi karanA upacAra vinaya hai| 3. vaiyAvRttya (vejjAvacca) tapa: yaha Abhyantara tapa kA tRtIya bheda hai, jisakA artha hai sevA karanA, kArya meM vyAvRta honA, yA dharmasAdhanA meM sahAyaka prAsuka vastu, kArya yA apanI sevA dvArA sabhI prakAra ke sAdhArmika sAdhuoM kA kaSTa dUra karanA, unheM sahayoga yA anukUlatA pradAna karanA vaiyAvRttya hai / mUlAcAra meM kahA hai ki AcArya, upAdhyAya, pravartaka, sthavira, gaNadhara-ina pAMcoM tathA navadIkSita bAlamuni, vRddha arthAt vaya, tapa Adi guNoM meM vRddha muniyoM se yukta kuloM ora gacchoM kI sarva sAmarthya se jaise zayyAvakAza rUpa vasatikA, niSadyA (AsanAdi), upadhi, pratilekhanA, vizuddha AhAra, auSadhi, vAcanA, vikiMcana (azakta muniyoM ke mala kA zodhana) aura vaMdanA dvArA zramaNoM kI sevA karanA vaiyAvRttya tapa hai|" 1. mUlAcAra 51188-191 tathA bha0 A0 gAthA 128-131. 2. dasaNaNANe viNao carittatavaovacArio vinno| paMcaviho khalu viNao paMcamagaiNAyago bhaNio // mUlAcAra 5 / 167. 3. vijayodayA TIkA gAthA 300 pR0 511,512. 4. AiriyAdisu paMcasu sabAlavuDhAulesu gacchesu / vejjAvaccaM vRttaM kAdavvaM savvasattIe ||muulaacaar 5 / 192. sejjAgAsaNisejjo tadovahipaDilehaNAhi uvaggahide / AhArosahavAyaNa vikiMcaNaM vaMdaNAdIhiM / / vahI 5 / 194.

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uttaraguNa : 193 vaiyAvRttya ke pAtra zramaNoM meM guNAdhika muni, upAdhyAya, tapasvI, ziSya, durbala muni, caturvidha saMgha, gaNa, kula tathA samanojJa (upadrava-rahita sukhAsIna rahane vAle) muniyoM kI Apatti Adi ke samaya vaiyAvRttya karanI caahie|' jo muni mArga ke zrama se thaka gaye hoM unheM vaiyAvRttya dvArA ucita rIti se ArAma pahu~cAnA, jinheM rAste Adi meM coroM ne satAyA ho, siMha-vyAghrAdi jaMgalI jAnavaroM se, duSTa rAjA se, nadI ke dvArA bAdhA utpanna hone se, tathA mahAmArI jaise roga aura durbhikSa Adi se pIr3ita hone para unakA saMgraha karake anukUla sthAna meM lAnA, saMrakSaNa Adi karanA vaiyAvRttya tapa hai / 2 vaiyAvRttya Adi meM kuzala zramaNa ko "prajJA-zramaNa" kahA gayA hai| kyoMki aisA zramaNa vinaya tathA vairAgya yukta, jitendriya aura sarvasaMgha kA pratipAlaka hotA hai / 3 pravacanasAra meM kahA hai roga se, kSudhA se, tuSA se athavA zrama se AkrAMta zramaNa ko dekhakara sAdhu ko apanI zakti ke anusAra vaiyAvRttyAdi karanA cAhie / kintu jo zramaNa chahakAya ke jIvoM kI virAdhanA sahita vaiyAvRttyAdi meM pravRtti karatA hai vaha zramaNa gRhasthadharma meM praveza karatA hai| ataH zramaNa ko vaiyAvRttyAdi isa prakAra karanA cAhie jisase saMyama kI virAdhanA na ho| aura jo zramaNa sadA chaha kAya kI virAdhanA se rahita, cAra prakAra ke zramaNa saMgha kA upakAra karatA hai vaha dharmAnurAga cAritra yukta zramaNoM meM pradhAna hotA hai / sthAnAMgasUtra meM bhI pAtra ke bheda se vaiyAvRttya ke dasa bheda batAye haiMAcArya, upAdhyAya, sthavira, tapasvI, glAna, zaikSa, kula, gaNa, saMgha aura sArmika-ina sabhI kI vaiyAvRttya karanA cAhie / ' ina sabakI aglAna bhAva arthAt akhinnatA aura bahumAna se kI jAne vAlI vaiyAvRttya mahAnirjarA (bahuta karmoM kA kSaya karane vAlI) tathA mahAparyavasAna arthAt janma-maraNa kA atyantika uccheda karane vAlo hotI hai| tattvArthavArtika meM bhI AcArya Adi kI vaiyAvRttya ke bheda se dasa bheda kiye haiM kintu sthAnAMga ke sthavira aura sAdharmika ina 1. mUlAcAra 5 / 193. 2. addhANateNa sAvayarAyaNadIrodhagAsive ome / vejjAvaccaM vRttaM saMgahasArakkhaNovedaM // mUlAcAra 5 / 195. 3. mUlAcAravRtti 5 / 126. 4. pravacanasAra gAthA 252, 250, 249. 5. sthAnAMga (ThANaM) sthAna 10 sUtra 17. pRSTha 905. 6. vahI, sthAna 5 sUtra 44-45 pRSTha 557.

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194 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana do ke sthAna para sAdhu aura manojJa--ina do bhedoM kA ullekha hai / ' akalaMkadeva kA yaha bhI kathana hai ki yadyapi dasa prakAra ke vaiyAvRttya na kahakara mAtra saMghavaiyAvRttya yA gaNavaiyAvRttya-isa saMkSipta kathana se bhI kArya cala sakatA thA kintu vaiyAvRttya ke yogya aneka pAtroM kA nirdeza isalie kiyA ki inameM se kisI kI pravRtti ho sakatI hai tathA karanI caahie| ataH AcAryAdi jaba kabhI vyAdhi, parISaha, mithyAtva Adi se grasta hoM taba unheM prAsuka auSadhi, AhAra-pAna, vasati, pIThAsana, saMstaraNa Adi dharmopakaraNa upalabdha karanA, unheM samyaktva meM punaH dRr3ha karanA vaiyAvRttya hai / bAhya dravyoM kI prApti ke abhAva meM apane hAtha se kapha, zleSma Adi bhItarI maloM ko sApha karanA aura unake anukUla anuSThAna yA kArya karanA vaiyAvRttya hai / zvetAmbara paramparA ke vyavahAra bhASya meM pratyeka vaiyAvRttya ke teraha-teraha dvAra batAye haiM-1. bhojana, 2. pAnI, 3. saMstAraka aura 4. Asana-inheM lAkara denaa| 5. kSetra aura upadhi kA pratilekhana krnaa| 6. pAda pramArjana karanA athavA auSadhi denA / 7. A~kha kA roga utpanna hone para auSadhi lAkara denA / 8. mArga meM vihAra karate samaya unakA bhAra lenA tathA mardana Adi karanA / 9. rAjA Adi ke kruddha hone para utpanna kleza kA nistAra karanA / 10. zarIra ko hAni pahu~cAne vAloM se aura coroM se saMrakSaNa krnaa| 11. bAhara se Ane para unake dharmopakaraNa grahaNa karanA / 12. glAna hone para ucita vyavasthA karanA tathA 13. uccAra, prazravaNa, aura zleSma Adi hone para inake sambandha meM yathAyogya vyavasthA karanA / vaiyAvRttya ko isalie tapa kahA kyoMki glAna bhAva se kisI kI sevA karanA kama tapazcaraNa nahIM hai| isase paraspara kA AcAra sadhatA hai / ataH saMyama-yAtrA meM Aye vighnoM ke upazamana ko sevA Adi dvArA sahayoga denA pratyeka kA kartavya hai| zivArya ne vaiyAvRtya na karane vAloM ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki apane bala aura vIrya ko na chipAne vAlA jo muni samartha hote hue bhI jina bhagavAn ke dvArA kahe hue krama ke anusAra vaiyAvRttya nahIM karatA hai to vaha nirdharma arthAt 1. AcAryopAdhyAyatapasvizakSyaglAnagaNakulasaMghasAdhumanojJAnAm / -tattvArthavArtika 9 / 24 pR0 623. 2. tattvArthavArtika 9 / 24 / 18 pRSTha 624. 3. vahI, pRSTha 623. 4. vyavahAra bhASya 10 / 123-133. . . . .

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uttaraguNa : 195 dharma se bahiSkRta hotA hai / ' anagAra dharmAmRta meM bhI kahA hai jo sAdharmI para AyI vipattiyoM kI upekSA kara sotA rahatA hai arthAt kucha pratikAra nahIM karatA, vaha samasta sampatti ke viSaya meM bhI sotA hai, kyoMki jinendra bhagavAn ne vaiyAvRttya tapa ko bAhya aura Abhyantara tapoM kA hRdaya kahA hai / 2 uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki vaiyAvRtya tA meM paribhASA yA bhedoM kI dRSTi se digambara tathA zvetAmbara--ina donoM paramparAoM meM vizeSa antara nahIM hai / para digambara paramparA meM puniyoM ko paraspara meM vaiyAvRttya ke vidhAna ke sAtha hI zrAvakoM dvArA bhI muniyoM Adi ko veyAvRtya kA vidhAna kiyA hai jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM zrAvakoM dvArA muniyoM kI vaiyAvRttya kA sarvathA varjana hai / mUlAcAra meM zrAvakoM dvArA muniyoM ko vaiyAvRtti kA koI alaga se spaSTa ullekha nahIM milatA, parantu pravacanasAra ke anusAra rogI, guru (pUjya), bAla tathA vRddha zramaNoM kI vaiyAvRttya ke nimitta se zubhopayoga yukta laukika janoM ke sAtha bAtacIta nindita nahIM hai tathA yaha vaiyAvRttya rUpa prazasta caryA gRhasthoM ko mukhya tathA zramaNoM ko gauNa kahI hai| isa caryA se gRhastha ko parama saukhya kI prApti batAI hai| vasunandi zrAvakAcAra meM zramaNa ko dAna dene kI nau vidhiyAM batAyI haiMzramaNa ko par3igAhanA, uccAsana denA, paira dhonA, pUjA-praNAma karanA, stuti karanA tathA mana, vacana, kAya aura AhAra kI zuddhatA rakhanA / rayaNasAra meM bhI kahA hai ki zIta, uSNa, vAyu, zleSma-ina prakRtiyoM meM usa zramaNa kI kauna sI prakRti hai, kAyotsarga yA gamanAgamana se kitanA zrama huA hai ? zarIra meM jvarAdi pIr3A to nahIM hai ? upavAsa se kaNTha zuSka to nahIM hai ? ityAdi bAtoM kA vicAra karake usake upacAra svarUpa sAdhu ke liye zrAvaka ko dAna denA cAhiye / " hitamita prAsuka anna-pAna, nirdoSa hitakArI auSadhi, nirAkula-sthAna , zayanopakaraNa Adi dAma yogya vastue~ haiN|6 isI prakAra kI vaiyAvRttya kA samarthana padmanadipaMcaviMzatikA meM bhI milatA hai| 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 307. 2. anagAra dharmAmRta 780. 3. vejjAvaccaNi mitta gilANagurubAlavuDDhasamaNANaM / logigajaNasaMbhAsaNa NididA vA suhovajudA / / esA pasatthabhUdA samaNANaM vA puNo gharatthANaM / cariyA paretti bhaNi dA tAeva paraM lahadi sokkhaM / / pravacanasAra 253-254. 4. vasunandi zrAvakAcAra, 225. 5. rayaNasAra 23-24. 6. mUlAMcAra 5 / 193. 7. padmanaMdi paMcaviMzatikA, 8-9-10. Use Only

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196 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vastutaH vaiyAvRttya ke cAra kAraNa haiM - 1. samAdhi paidA karanA, 2 . vicikitsA dUra karanA arthAt glAni kA nivAraNa karanA, 3. pravacana vAtsalya prakaTa karanA 4. sanAthatA ---- niHsahAyatA yA nirAdhAratA kI anubhUti na hone denA / zivArya ne bhI kahA hai ki vaiyAvRtya karane se sarvajJa kI AjJA kA pAlana hotA hai / yahI AjJA saMyama / isase vaiyAvRttya karane vAle kA upakAra, nirdoSa ratnatraya kA dAna tathA saMyama meM sahayoga hotA hai / vicikitsA - glAni dUra hotI hai / dharma kI prabhAvanA aura karttavya kA nirvAha hotA hai / uparyukta kAraNoM se digambara paramparA meM zrAvaka bhI muniyoM Adi kI vaiyAvRttya karate haiM / aura phira yaha bhI tathya hai ki zramaNoM kA dharma zrAvakoM ke Azrita calatA hai | 4 svAdhyAya (sajjhAya) tapa : svAdhyAya zabda kI do niruktiyA~ hai -- 1. sva + adhyAya / yahA~ 'sva' se tAtparya AtmA ke lie hitakAraka, 'adhyAya' kA artha adhyayana arthAt AtmA ke lie hitakAraka paramAgama ( zAstroM) kA adhyayana svAdhyAya hai / 2. su + A + adhyAya, yahA~ 'su' kA artha samyak zAstroM kA, 'A' arthAt maryAdApUrvaka, 'adhyAya' arthAt adhyayana / yahA~ samyak se tAtparya hai jaldIjaldI yA dera se dhIre-dhIre akSara yA pada chor3ate hue na par3hanA tathA arthazuddhi evaM vacana zuddhi pUrvaka adhyayana karanA / vaTTakera ne kahA hai ki jinopadiSTa bAraha aMgoM aura caudaha pUrvo kA upadeza karanA, pratipAdana Adi karanA svAdhyAya hai / 4 pUjyapAda ke anusAra Alasya kA tyAgakara jJAna kI ArAdhanA karanA svAdhyAya tapa hai / vasunandi ne siddhAnta Adi ke adhyayana ko svAdhyAya kahA haiM / paM0 AzAdhara ne bhI gaNadhara Adi ke dvArA racita sUtra-granthoM kI vAcanA, pRcchanA, anuprekSA, AmnAya aura dharmopadeza ko svAdhyAya kahA hai / ' 1. tattvArthavArtika, dvitIya bhAga 9 / 24 / 17, pRSTha 624. 2. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 310 . 3. sa hi svasmai hito'dhyAyaH samyagvA'dhyayanaM zruteH:- anagAra dharmAmRta 7 / 82. 4. samyagadhyayanaM svAdhyAyaH drutavilaMbitAdidoSarahitatvaM arthavyaJjana zuddhizca samyaktvam -- vijayodayA TIkA gAthA 139. pRSTha 319. 5. bArasaMgaM jiNakkhAdaM sajjhAyaM kathitaM budhe - mUlAcAra 7 / 10. 6. jJAnabhAvanAlasyatyAgaH svAdhyAyaH -- sarvArthasiddhi 9 / 20 858. 7. svAdhyAyaH siddhAntAdyadhyayanam -- mUlAcAravRtti 5 / 163. 8. sUtraM gaNadharAyuktaM zrutaM tadvAcanAdayaH svAdhyAyaH:- anagAra dharmAmRta 9 4.

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uttaraguNa : 197 isa prakAra AtmahitakArI zAstroM kA vidhipUrvaka adhyayana-adhyApana, zravaNa, manana aura ciMtana ko svAdhyAya kahA jAtA hai| zivArya ne kahA hai ki jinavacana rUpa zikSA ke abhyAsa se Atmahita kA jJAna, navIna-navIna saMvega, ratnatraya meM nizcalatA, svAdhyAya tapa, bhAvanA tathA paropadeza kI kSamatA-ina guNoM kI prApti hotI hai| akalaMkadeva ne svAdhyAya ke ATha lAbha aura uddezya batAye haiprajJAtizaya, prazasta adhyavasAya, pravacana sthiti, saMzayoccheda, paravAdiyoM kI zaMkA kA abhAva, paramasaMvega, tapovRddhi aura aticAra zuddhi-ina saba guNoM aura uddezyoM kI pUrti ke lie svAdhyAya Avazyaka hai / 2 svAdhyAya jJAnAvaraNakarma kA kSaya karane vAlA tathA saba bhAvoM ko prakAzita karane vAlA hotA hai / ise karane vAlA zramaNa paMceMdriyoM kA saMvara, mana, vacana tathA kAya ina tIna guptiyoM kA pAlana karatA hai / Agama aura guru (AcArya) ke prati vinayI rahatA huA apane citta ko svAdhyAya dvArA ekAgra karatA hai / vaha zAstra-svAdhyAya ke anukUla AtmasvarUpa kA manana karatA hai aura apane prakAzamaya svarUpa ko jAnakara sAre jagat meM prakAza bA~TatA hai kyoMki svAdhyAya to jJAna rUpI sarya ko prakAzita karane kA sAdhana hai jise ajJAna ke meghoM ne Dhaka rakhA hai| bheda :-svAdhyAya ke pA~ca bheda haiM : parivartanA (AmnAya), vAcanA, pRcchanA, anuprekSA aura dharmakathA / 1. paThita granthoM ko zuddha uccAraNapUrvaka bAra-bAra duharAnA yA par3hanA parivartanA hai / ise hI AmnAya kahate haiM / 2. nirdoSa grantha, artha aura donoM kA pradAna karanA yA pratipAdana karanA vAcanA hai| 3. saMzaya kA uccheda karane yA nirNaya kI puSTi ke lie zAstroM ke gUr3ha artha ko dUsaroM se pUchanA pRcchanA hai / 4. jAne hue artha kA mana meM punaH punaH manana aura ciMtana karanA anuprekSA hai / 5. paThita, paricita yA jAnI huI vastu kA laukika phala kI AkAMkSA ke binA rahasya samajhanA, yA dharmakathA--Adi kA anuSThAna karanA 1. adahidapaiNNA bhAvasaMvaro NavaNavo yA saMvego / NikkaMpadA tavo bhAvaNA ya paradesigattaM ca // bhagavatI ArAdhanA 100. 2. prajJAtizaya prazastAdhyavasAyAdyarthaH svAdhyAyaH--tattvArthavAtika 9 / 25 / 6. 3. uttarAdhyayana 29 / 19, 26 / 27. 4. sajjhAyaM kuvyaMto paMceMdiyasaMbuDottigutto ya / havadi ya emaggamaNo viNaeNa samAhio bhikkhu // mUlAcAra 5 / 213. 5. pariyaTTa NAya vAyaNa paDicchaNANupehaNA ya dhmmkhaa| thudimaMgalasaMjutto paMcaviho hoI sajjhAo // mUlAcAra 5 / 196, -bhagavatI sUtra 25 / 7, tatvArthasUtra 9 / 25.

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198 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana dharmakathA nAmaka svAdhyAya haiM / " tatvArthasUtra meM svAdhyAya tapa ke ina pA~ca bhedoM kA krama aura nAma isa prakAra hai -- vAcanA, pRcchanA, anuprekSA, AmnAya aura dharmopadeza | svAdhyAya meM kAla zuddhi Adi kA mahattva:-- svAdhyAya tapa meM kAla, dravya, kSetra, aura bhAva - ina cAra zuddhiyoM kA vizeSa mahatva hai / inakI zuddhi ke binA svAdhyAya karane meM aneka doSa hai / sarvaprathama kAlazuddhi kA varNana prastuta hai - kAlAcAra ke cAra bheda mAne gaye haiM-- 1. rAtri kA pUrva bhAga, 2. dina kA pazcima bhAga - ye do prAdoSika kAla tathA 3. vairAtrika kAla arthAt rAtri kA pazcima bhAga evaM 4. gosargika kAla arthAt madhyAhna ke do ghar3I pUrva kA kAla (pUrvAhna kAla ) - - isa taraha ina cAra kAloM meM se dina kA pUrva aura apara kAla tathA rAtri kA pUrva aura apara kAla abhIkSNa svAdhyAya ke yogya hai svAdhyAya kA prAraMbha kAla ( sUryodaya ke bAda) jaMghAcchAyA arthAt sAta pada (vilasta ) hai tathA samApti kAla aparAhna (sUryAsta ) kAla meM jaMghAcchAyA ( sAta vilasta ) zeSa rahane taka hai / ASAr3ha mAsa meM pUrvAhna ke samaya do pada-pramANa jaMghAcchAyA tathA pauSa mAsa meM madhyAhna ke prArambha meM cAra padapramANa jaMghAcchAyA rahane para svAdhyAya samApti kA kAla hai / kyoMki ASAr3ha mAsa ke antima dina se pratyeka mahIne do-do aMgula chAyA bar3hate-bar3hate pauSa mAsa taka cAra padapramANa ho jAtI hai aura udhara pauSa mAsa se lekara pratyeka mahIne kramazaH do-do aMgula chAyA kama hote hue ASAr3ha mAsa ke antima dina meM do pada pramANa raha jAtI hai | " sthAnAMga sUtra meM kahA hai ki nirgrantha aura nirgranthiyoM ko nimna cAra sandhyAoM meM Agama kA svAdhyAya nahIM karanA cAhiye - 1. prathamasandhyA - pUrvodaya se pUrva, 2. pazcima sandhyA - sUryAsta ke pazcAt, 3. madhyAhna sandhyA tathA 4 ardharAtri sandhyA / nimnalikhita sandhyAoM meM svAdhyAya karanA cAhie - 1. pUrvAhna - dina ke prathama prahara meM, 2. aparAhna - dina ke antima prahara meM, 3. pradoSa -rAtri ke prathama prahara meM, 4. pratyUSa - rAtri ke antima prahara meM / 1. mUlAcAravRtti 5 / 195. 2. vAcanApRcchanA'nuprekSAmnAya dharmopadezAH -- tatvArtha sUtra 9 / 25. 3. mUlAcAra 5 / 73. 4. mulAcAra 574. 5. vahI 5 / 75. 6-7. sthAnAMga ( ThANaM ) caturtha sthAna, pada 257-258 pR0 354.

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uttaraguNa : 199 kAlazuddhi meM jo sUtragrantha par3he jA sakate haiM ve haiM - sarvajJa ke mukha se artha grahaNa karake gaNadharoM ke dvArA racita dvAdazAMga tathA pratyekabuddha, zrutakevalI aura abhinnadaza pUrvI - inake dvArA racita sUtragrantha / ' kiMtu kAlazuddhi ke binA asvAdhyAya kAla meM zramaNoM aura AryikAoM ke lie ina sUtragranthoM ko par3hanA yogya nahIM hai / uparyukta sUtragranthoM ke atirikta anya grantha to kAlazuddhi Adi na hone para bhI asvAdhyAya kAla meM par3he jA sakate haiM / jaise ArAdhanAniyukti, maraNavibhakti, saMgraha, stutiyA~, pratyAkhyAna, Avazyaka, dharmakathA tathA ina jaise aura bhI anyAya grantha / 3 2 uparyukta kAlazuddhi ke binA svAdhyAya karanA jJAna kA aticAra hai / nizItha cUrNi meM kahA hai ki ucita samaya para kiyA gayA zAstra svAdhyAya yA adhyayana hI karma nirjarA kA hetu hai, anyathA vaha hAnikara evaM karmabaMdha kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai / " mUlAcAra meM kAlazuddhi ke sAtha hI dizA Adi se sambandhita utpAtoM yA vighnoM meM bhI svAdhyAya karane kA niSedha kiyA hai jaise - 1. digdAha-utpAtavaza kabhI-kabhI dizAoM kA agnivarNa ho jAnA / 2. ulkApAta arthAt pucchala tAre kA TUTanA yA tAre ke AkAra ke pudgala piNDa kA giranA, 3 . bijalI camakanA, 4 caDatkAra arthAt meghoM ke saghaTTa se vajrapAta honA, 5. ole giranA, 6. indradhanuSa dikhanA, 7 durgandha phailanA, 8. lohita-pIta varNa kI sandhyA kA kA honA, 9 durdina - pAnI kI satat varSA hote rahanA evaM bAdaloM kA nirantara acchAdita rahanA, 10 candra grahaNa 11. sUrya grahaNa, 12. kalaha Adi upadrava, 13. dhUmaketu 14. bhUkampa, 15. meghoM kA garajanA tathA aura bhI bahuta se doSoM ke upasthita rahane para svAdhyAya varjita hai / " 1. suttaM gaNadharakadhidaM taheva patteyabuddhikathidaM ca / sudakevaliNA kadhidaM abhiNNadasapuNvakadhidaM ca / / mUlAcAra 5 / 80. 2 . vahI, 5 / 81. 3. ArAhaNANijjuttI maraNavibhattI ya saMgahatthudio / paccakkhANAvAsayadhamma kahAo ya erisao | vahI 5.82. 4. nizItha cUrNi 11. 5. disadAha ukkapaDaNaM vijju caDukkAsaNidadhaNugaM ca / duggaMdhasajjhaduddiNacaMdaggahasU ra rAhu jujjha ca // kalahAdidhUma dharaNIkaMpaM ca abbhagajjaM ca / iccevamAibahuyA sajjhAe vajjidA dosA / / mUlAcAra 5 / 77-78.

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200 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana __sthAnAMgasUtra meM bhI antarikSa saMbaMdhI asvAdhyAya ke dasa prakAra batalAye haiM--1. ulkApAta, 2. digdAha, 3. garjana, 4. vidyut (bijalI camakanA), 5. nirdhAta arthAt bAdaloM se AcchAdita yA anAcchAdita AkAza meM vyantarakRta mahAn garjana kI dhvani athavA pracaNDa zabda yukta vAyu, 6. yUpaka-candraprabhA aura sandhyA prabhA kA mizraNa, 7. yakSAdIpta-kisI eka dizA meM kabhI-kabhI dikhAI dene vAlA vidyut jaisA prakAza, 8. dhUmikA--dhUmavarNa kI taraha kuhAsA jaisA phailanA, 9. mahikA-tuSArApAta aura 10. raja udghAta arthAt svAbhAvika rUpa meM cAroM ora se dhUla girnaa| __mUlAcAra meM svAdhyAya ke nimitta digvibhAga Adi pUrva Adi dizAoM kI zuddhi ke lie batAyA hai ki pUrvAla ke samaya pratyeka dizA meM 9-9 gAthA parimANa, aparAhna meM 7-7 gAthA parimANa tathA pradoSakAla (rAtri kA prathama prahara) meM 5-5 gAthA parimANa kAyotsarga pUrvaka jApya karanA cAhie / 2 / / ____ jaisA ki pUrva meM kahA gayA ki svAdhyAya meM kAla, dravya, kSetra aura bhAvaye cAra zuddhiyA~ honA cAhie / kAlazuddhi ke varNana ke bAda dravya zuddhi aura kSetra zuddhi ke viSaya meM vaTTakera ne kahA hai ki cAroM dizAoM meM yadi sau hAtha pramANa dUra taka rakta, mAMsa Adi apavitra padArtha dikhAI deM to svAdhyAya nahIM karanA cAhie / isakA tAtparya spaSTa hai ki svAdhyAya kAla meM usa sthAna se sau hAtha pramANa taka kI bhUmi zuddha rahanA apekSita hai| bhAvazuddhi kI dRSTi se svAdhyAya ke samaya apane aura dUsaroM ke mana meM saMkleza pariNAma nahIM honA cAhie / .. sthAnAMga sUtra meM audArika asvAdhyAya sambandhI nimnalikhita dasa prakAroM kA ullekha hai--1. asthi, mAMsa, 3. rakta, 4. azuci sAmanta arthAt rakta' mUtra aura mala kI gandha AtI ho aura ve pratyakSa dikhAI de rahe hoM to svAdhyAya nahIM karanA cAhie, 5. zmazAna sAmanta-zavasthAna ke samIpa asvAdhyAyika hotA hai, 6. candragrahaNa, 7. sUryagrahaNa, 8. patana arthAt rAjA, amAtya, senApati, grAmabhogika Adi viziSTa vyaktiyoM kA maraNa, 9. rAja-vyudgraha yA rAja viplava arthAt rAjA Adi ke paraspara vigraha ho jAne para jaba taka ki vaha vigraha upazAnta nahIM ho jAtA tathA 10. upAzraya ke bhItara sau hAtha taka koI audArika 1. sthAnAMga 10 / 20. [ThANaM 10 / 20 pRSTha 906 tathA pRSTha 966 ke TippaNa] 2. NavasattapaMcagAhAparimANaM disivibhAgasodhIe / punvahna avarahne padosakAle ya sajjhAe // mUlAcAra 576 vRttisahita. ___3. ruhirAdipUyamaMsaM dave khette sadahatthaparimANaM / koSAdisaMkileso bhAvavisohI paDhaNakAle / vahI 5 / 79.

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uttaraguNa : 201 aura vaha sthAna zuddha na kalevara ke hone para, jaba taka ki usakA pariSThApana ho jAe taba taka svAdhyAya varjanIya hai| isa prakAra svAdhyAya tapa ke lie dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva--ina cAroM vizuddhiyoM kA honA Avazyaka hai / dhavalA meM kahA hai ki ina vizuddhiyoM ke binA sUtra aura artha kI zikSA grahaNa ke lobha se kiyA gayA svAdhyAya samyaktva ko virAdhanA rUpa asamAdhi, asvAdhyAya, alAbha, kalaha, vyAdhi aura viyoga-ina aniSToM kA karane vAlA hotA hai| anya sabhI tapoM ke madhya apanI vividha vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa svAdhyAya tapa kA apanA vizeSa mahattva hai| kahA bhI hai ki sarvajJa dvArA upadiSTa bAraha prakAra ke Abhyantara aura bAhya tapoM meM svAdhyAya ke samAna na to koI tapaHkarma hai aura na hogA / 3 kyoMki vinaya se yukta hokara svAdhyAya tapa karane vAlA zramaNa pA~coM indriya-viSayoM se savata, tIna guptiyoM se gupta aura ekAgramana ho jAtA hai| paM0 AzAdhara ne kahA hai ki svAdhyAya se mumukSa kI tarkaNAzIla buddhi kA utkarSa hotA hai| paramAgama kI sthiti (paramparA) kA poSaNa hotA hai / mana, indriyA~ aura cAra saMjJAoM (AhAra, nidrA, bhaya aura maithuna) kI abhilASA kA nirodha hotA hai / saMzaya kA chedana aura krodhAdi kaSAyoM kA bhedana hotA hai| saMvega tathA tapa meM nirantara vRddhi hotI rahatI hai| samasta aticAra dUra aura pariNAma prazasta hote haiN| anyavAdiyoM kA bhaya nahIM rahatA tathA jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA karane meM mumukSu samartha hotA hai / 5. dhyAna (jhANa) tapa : __'dhyai cintAyAm' dhAtu se dhyAna zabda banA hai tathA jisakA artha hotA hai 1. sthAnAMgasUtra 10 / 21. (ThANaM 10 / 21 TippaNa pRSTha 906 tayA pRSTha 966 968) 2. dhavalA 9 / 4,1, 54 / 119 pRSTha 259. 3. bArasavidhamhi vi tave sabbhaMtara bAhire kusaladihra / Navi atthi Na vi ya hohI sajjhAyasamaM tavokammaM // mUlAcAra 5 / 212, 10 / 79, tathA bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 107, bRhatkalpabhASya 1169, anagAra dharmAmRta TIkA 9 / 4. 4. bhagavato ArAdhanA gAthA 104. 5. anagAra dharmAmRta 7 / 89.

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202 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana cintana / eka viSaya meM cintana kA sthira karanA dhyAna hai / ' tattvArtha sUtra meM kahA hai ki uttama saMhanana vAle kA eka viSaya meM cittavRtti kA rokanA dhyAna hai jo antarmuhUrta kAla taka hotA hai / 2 AcArya umAsvAmI ne apanI isa paribhASA meM dhyAtA, dhyAna aura dhyAna kA samaya-ina tIna viSayoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai / arthAt vajravRSabhanArAca, vajranArAca aura nArAca ye tIna uttama saMhananadhArI puruSa dhyAtA ho sakate haiM / eka padArtha ko lekara usI meM citta ko sthira kara denA dhyAna hai / ataH uttamasaMhanana arthAt atizaya vIrya se viziSTa zArIrika saMghaTana vAle AtmA ko jo eka dastuniSTha dhyAna hotA hai vahI prazasta dhyAna hai / jaba vicAra kA viSaya eka padArtha na hokara nAnA padArtha hote haiM taba vaha vicAra jJAna kahalAtA hai aura jaba vaha jJAna eka viSaya meM sthira ho jAtA hai taba use hI dhyAna kahate haiM / usa dhyAna kA kAla antarmuhUrta hotA hai / muhUrta 48 miniTa kA hotA hai / tattvArthavArtika meM kahA hai ki gamana, bhojana, zayana, aura adhyayana Adi vividha kriyAoM meM bhaTakane vAlI cittavRtti kA eka kriyA meM roka denA nirodha hai / jisa prakAra vAyu rahita pradeza meM dIpazikhA aparispanda arthAt sthira rahatI hai usI taraha nirAkula deza meM eka lakSya meM buddhi aura zaktipUrvaka rokI gaI cittavRtti (cintA yA anta:karaNa vyApAra) binA vyAkSepa ke vahIM sthira rahatI hai| isa nizcala dIpazikhA ke samAna nizcala rUpa se avabhAsamAna jJAna hI dhyAna hai / tathA jJAna vyagna hotA hai aura dhyAna ekAgra / ekAna se tAtparya hai dhyAna aneka mukhI na hokara ekamukhI (eka lakSya meM sthira) rahatA hai aura usa eka mukha meM hI saMkrama hotA rahatA hai / kyoMki dhyAna svavRtti hotA hai, isameM bAhya cintAoM se pUrNa nivRtti hotI hai / dhyAna zataka meM cetanA ke cala aura sthira-ye do bheda karake cala-cetanA ko cit aura sthira-cetanA ko dhyAna kahA hai / " Age kahA hai ki citta aneka vastuoM yA viSayoM meM pravRtta hotA rahatA hai, use anya vastuoM yA viSayoM se nivRtta kara eka vastu yA viSaya meM pravRtta karanA dhyAna hai / aparAjitasUri ne bhI eka padArtha meM jJAna-santati ke nirodha ko dhyAna kahA hai| vastutaH hamArA 1. ekAgracintA nirovo dhyAnamiti-mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 197. 2. uttamasaMhananasyaikAgracintAnirodho dhyAnamAntarmuhUrtAt-tattvArthasUtra 9 / 27. 3. tattvArtha sUtra 9 / 27 (saM0 paM0 kailAzacaMda zAstrI) pRSTha 218. 4. tattvArthavArtika 9 / 27 / 5-22 pRSTha 626-627. tathA 790. 5. jaM thiramajjhavasANaM, jhANaM jaM calaM tayaM cittaM-dhyAnazataka gAthA 2. 6. vahI gAthA 3. 7. ekasminprameye niruddhajJAnasaMtatiAnam-bha0 a0 vijayodayA TIkA 232.

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uttaraguNa : 203. cintana vividha viSayoM para satat calatA hI rahatA hai para use hama dhyAna nahIM kaha sakate / kintu yadi vaha cintana yahA~-vahA~ se haTakara jitane samaya ke lie ekAgra yA eka viSaya para sthira hogA, use utane samaya kA dhyAna kahA jA sakatA hai| dhyAna tapa ke mAdhyama se sAdhaka citta kI caMcalatA rokakara ekAgratA dvArA Atmika zakti kA vikAsa karatA huA mukti patha kI ora prayANa karatA hai / hemacaMdrAcArya ne kahA hai ki mokSa karmoM ke kSaya se hotA hai| karmoM kA kSaya AtmajJAna se hotA hai| AtmajJAna AtmadhyAna se hotA hai ataH AtmadhyAna hI AtmA ke hita kA sAdhaka hai / ' para karmoM kA kSaya karane vAlI vaha dhyAna rUpI agni rAga, dveSa, moha tathA mana, vacana aura kAya rUpa yogavRtti se rahita avasthA meM pragaTa hotI hai / 2 __bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM dhyAna kI sAmagrI (parikara) ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki bAhya dravya ko dekhane kI ora se A~khoM ko kiJcit haTAkara arthAt nAsikA ke| agrabhAga para dRSTi ko sthirakara eka viSayaka parokSajJAna meM caitanya ka rokakara zuddha cidrUpa apane AtmA meM smRti kA anusaMdhAna kare / yaha dhyAna saMsAra se chUTane ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| vijayodayA TIkA meM kahA hai ki dRSTi ko nAsikA ke agrabhAga meM sthApita karake kisI eka parokSa vastuviSayaka jJAna meM mana ko lagAkara zruta se jAne hue viSayoM kA smaraNa karate hue AtmA meM lIna honA cAhie / bheda-dhyAna ke aprazasta aura prazasta--ye do mukhya bheda haiN| inameM AtaMdhyAna aura raudra dhyAna--ye do aprazasta dhyAna haiM tathA dharmadhyAna aura zukla dhyAna--ye do prazasta dhyAna haiM / isa prakAra dhyAna ke cAra bheda haiN|" aprazasta dhyAna (1) AtaMdhyAna--Artazabda Rta yA ardanaM atiH se banA hai| Rta kA artha duHkha, ati kA artha pIr3A hai / ataH inase hone vAlA dhyAna ArtadhyAna hai / " 1. mokSaH karmakSayAdeva / sa cAtmajJAnato bhavet / dhyAnasAdhyaM mataM tacca tad dhyAnaM hitamAtmanaH / / yogazAstra 4 / 113. 2. paMcAstikAya 146. 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA vijayodayA sahita gAthA 1706. 4. aTTaM ca ruddasahiyaM doNNi vi jhANANi appasatthANi / dhamma sukkaM ca duve pasattha jhANANi yANi / / mUlAcAra 5 / 197. 5. RtaM duHkham, ardanamatirvA tatra bhavamArtam --sarvArthasiddhi 9 / 28 / 874 pR0 341,

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204 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 1 kaSAya sahita hone se yaha aprazasta mAnA jAtA hai / isameM kAmAzaMsA aura bhogazaMsA kA prAdhAnya hotA hai / sthAnAMga tathA bhagavatIsUtra meM ArtadhyAna vAle puruSa ke cAra lakSaNa batalAye haiM / krandanatA -- ronA, cillAnA, 2 zocanatAzoka, tathA cintA Adi karanA, 3 tepanatA ( tippaNatA ) - A~sU bahAnA tathA 4 paridevanatA--AghAta pahu~cAne vAlA zoka, vilApa, ghora udAsI, vihvalatA Adi karanA / " ArtadhyAna ke cAra bheda haiM / 1 amanojJa yoga--jvara, zUla, zatru, roga Adi kA saMyoga ho jAne para 'inase saMbaMdha viccheda kaise aura kaba hogA ? isa prakAra cintA karanA / iSTaviyoga- strI, putra, pautra, mAtA-pitA Adi iSTa janoM kA viyoga hone para unakI prApti kI nirantara cintA karanA / 3 parISaha - kSudhA, tRSA Adi parISaha rUpa bAdhAoM ke hone para 'ye kaba dUra hoMgI ? isa prakAra kA cintana karanA / anya granthoM meM ArtadhyAna ke isI tRtIya bheda ko vedanA nAma se abhihita kiyA hai / 4 nidAnakaraNa-- bhogoM kI AkAMkSA ke prati Atura hue vyakti ko AgAmI viSayoM kI prApti ke lie manaHpraNidhAna kA honA arthAt unakA saMkalpa aura nirantara cintA karanA / ArtadhyAna prathama mithyAtva guNasthAna se lekara chaThe pramattasaMyata guNasthAna taka ke jIvoM ke ho sakatA hai / chaThe guNasthAna meM mAtra nidAna ArtadhyAna nahIM hai / bAkI ke tIna ArtadhyAna pramAda ke udreka se kadAcit ho sakate haiM / (2) raudradhyAna - yaha kaSAya sahita hotA hai ataH yaha bhI aprazasta dhyAna ke antargata hai / isameM krUratA kA prAdhAnya hotA hai / ataH hiMsaka evaM krUra Adi bhAvoM se yukta sva aura para ke ghAta kA nirantara cintana karanA raudradhyAna hai / mUlAcAra meM isake stainya, mRSA, sArakSaNa aura SaDvidha Arambha ( hiMsA-kriyA) - ye cAra bheda kiye haiM / ina bhedoM ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki paradhanaharaNa, asatyavacana, viSaya-bhoga sAmagrI ke saMrakSaNa tathA pRthvI, ap, teja, vAyu, vanaspati aura trasa - ina SaTkAyika jIvoM ke chedana, bhedana, bandhana, tADana ityAdi 1. ThANaM 4 / 62 pRSTha 309, bhagavaI 25/7 sUtra 602 ( aMgasuttANi bhAga 2. pR0 974.) 2. amaNuNNajogaiTTha vioga parIsahaNikaraNesu 1 aTTaM kasAya sahiyaM jhANaM bhaNidaM samAseNa // mUlAcAra 5 / 198 vRtti sahita. 3. vedanAyAzca-~~-tattvArthasUtra 9 / 33. 4. sarvArthasiddhi 9 / 34 / 886 pRSTha 343.

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uttaraguNa : 205 rUpa Arambha (hiMsA) meM hI nirantara citta ko lagAye rakhanA raudra dhyAna hai|' sthAnAMgasUtra meM raudradhyAna ke cAra lakSaNa batAye haiM 1. utsannadoSa--prAyaH hiMsA Adi meM pravRtta rahanA, 2. bahudoSa-hiMsAdi kI vividha pravRttiyoM meM saMlagna rahanA, 3. ajJAnadoSa--ajJAnavaza hiMsA Adi meM pravRtta honA tathA. 4. AmaraNa doSa-maraNAntaka hiMsA Adi karane kA anutApa na honA / raudradhyAna paMcama dezavirata (saMyatAsaMyata) nAmaka guNasthAna taka ke jIvoM ko hotA hai| uparyukta Arta aura raudra-ina donoM dhyAnoM ke viSaya meM vaTTakera ne kahA hai ki--ye donoM aprazasta dhyAna saMsAra rUpI mahAbhaya ke utpAdaka tathA sugati arthAt devagati aura mokSa ke sarvathA pratikUla haiN| ata: inakA tyAga karake dhamadhyAna aura zukladhyAna-ina prazasta dhyAnoM meM samyaktayA apane mana ko tatpara karanA cAhie / prazasta dhyAna : (1)dharmadhyAna-dharma se yukta dhyAna dharmadhyAna hai / yahA~ dharma zabda vastusvabhAva kA vAcaka hai / ataH dharma arthAt vastu svabhAva se yukta ko dharmya kahate haiM / AjJA, apAya, vipAka aura saMsthAna-ye dharma jisameM dhyeya hote haiM usa dhyAna ko dharma dhyAna kahA jAtA hai / kucha AcArya kSamA, mArdava, Arjava Adi dharmoM se yukta hone se bhI ise dharmadhyAna kahate haiM / zivArya ke anusAra Arjava, laghutA, mArdava, upadeza aura jinAgama meM svAbhAvika rUci-ye dharmadhyAna ke lakSaNa haiM / vastutaH Arjava Adi kAryoM se dharmadhyAna pahacAnA jAtA hai ataH Ajava Adi dharmadhyAna ke lakSaNa haiM / sthAnAMgasUtra meM dharmadhyAna ke ye cAra lakSaNa batAye haiM-(1) AjJAruci arthAt pravacana meM zraddhA honA (2) nisarga-ruci-satya meM sahaja zraddhA honA, (3) sUtra-ruci-sUtra paThana se satya meM zraddhA utpanna honA tathA (4) avagAr3ha-ruci-vistRta paddhati se satya meM zraddhA honA / Alambana-dhyAna kI ekAgratA ke lie AlambanoM kA honA Avazyaka ho. 1. mUlAcAra 5 / 199. 2. ThANaM 4 / 64 pRSTha 310. 3. mUlAcAra 5 / 200. 4. bha0 A0 vijayodayA TIkA 1699 10 1521. 5. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1709. 6. ThANaM 4 / 66 pR0 310.

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206 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana jAtA hai / zivArya ne isa sambandha meM kahA hai ki' dhyAna karane ke icchuka kSapaka ke lie yaha loka AlambanoM se bharA huA hai / vaha mana ko jisa ora lagAtA hai vahI Alambana bana jAtA hai / dharmadhyAna ke mukhya cAra Alambana mAne gaye haiM-(1) vAcanA, (2) pacchanA, parivartanA aura anuprekSA / zivArya ne sabhI (bAraha) anuprekSAoM ko dharmadhyAna ke anukUla Alambana mAnA hai| jabaki sthAnAMga sUtra meM ekatva, anitya, azaraNa aura saMsAra-ye cAra dharmayAna kI anuprekSAyeM mAnIM hai / bheda : dharmadhyAna ke cAra bheda haiM-AjJAvicaya, apAyavicaya, vipAkavicaya tathA saMsthAnavicaya-ye cAroM dharmadhyAna ke dhyeya bhI haiN| inakI vicAraNA (cintanadhArA) ke nimitta mana ko ekAgra karanA dharmyadhyAna hai / " vicaya, viveka aura vicAraNA ye sabhI ekArthaka hai / 1. AjJAvicaya-pA~ca astikAya (jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma aura AkAza), SaTjIvanikAya (pRthvI, apa, teja, vAyu, vanaspati aura trasa) tathA kAla dravyaye saba sarvajJadeva dvArA pratipAdita hone se AjJAgrAhya padArtha haiM / ataH niHzaMka bhAva se inakA zraddhAna evaM cintana karanA AjJAvicaya dharmadhyAna hai / 2. apAyavicaya-jo jIva mokSa ke icchuka hote hue bhI mithyAtva ke kAraNa cAroM gatiyoM ke duHkha bhoga rahe haiM unake viSaya meM yaha vicAra karanA ki ye mithyAtva se kaise chUTe-'apAyavicaya hai / athavA kalyANa prApti ke sAdhanabhUta ratnatraya kA jainAgamoM ke Azraya se adhyayanapUrvaka dhyAna karanA bhI apAyavicaya hai|" 1. AlaMbaNehiM bharido logo jhAidumaNassa khavayassa / jaM jaM maNasA picchadi taM taM AlaMbaNaM havai // bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1876. 2. vahI gAthA 1710, 1875, ThANaM 4 / 67 pR0 310, 311. 3. dhammassa teNa apiruddhAo savvANutehAo--bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1710, 1875. 4. ThANaM 4168 pR0 311. 5. eyaggeNa maNaM NiraMbhiUNa dhammaM caumvihaM jhAhi / ANApAyavivAyavicao ya saMThANavicayaM ca // mUlAcAra 5 / 201. 6. mUlAcAra 5 / 202, bha0 A0 1711. 7. mUlAcAravRtti 5 / 203.

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uttaraguNa : 207 3. viyAkavicaya-jIvoM ko eka aura aneka bhavoM taka puNyakarma aura pApakarma kramazaH sukha aura duHkha rUpa phala dete haiN| ata: inake udaya, udIraNA (apakva pAcana), saMkrama (karma kA para prakRti rUpa bananA saMkramaNa hai), baMdha, aura mokSa-ina sabakA svarUpa cintana karanA vipAkavicaya hai|' arthAt karmoM kI vicitratA, unake kSaNa-kSaNa meM udita hone kI prakriyAoM Adi ke viSaya meM cintana karanA vipAkavicaya hai| yahA~ vipAka zabda karmoM ke zubhAzubha phala kA vAcaka hai| 4. saMsthAnavicaya-Urcaloka, adholoka aura tiryakloka-ina tIna lokoM kA svabhAva, paryAyabheda, saMsthAna (AkAra-prakAra) dazA, svarUpa Adi tathA anitya, azaraNa Adi dvAdaza anuprekSAoM kA cintana karanA saMsthAna-vicaya dharmadhyAna hai / anuprekSAoM meM jaba bAra-bAra cintanadhArA calatI rahatI hai taba ve jJAnarUpa hai kintu jaba unameM ekAgra cintAnirodha hokara cintanadhArA kendrita ho jAtI hai taba ve dhyAna kahalAtI haiN| parivartI sAhitya meM saMsthAna vicaya nAmaka caturtha dharmadhyAna ke bhI cAra bheda haiM / / 1. piNDastha-piNDa arthAt zarIra sthita AtmA kA cintana karanA athavA piNDa ke Alambana se honevAlI ekAgratA piNDastha dhyAna hai / (2) padastha-pada (zabda) arthAt pavitra mantroM ke akSara svarUpa padoM ke Alambana se hone vAlI ekAgratA padastha dhyAna haiM / (3) rUpastha-rUpa arthAt AkAra ke Alambana se hone vAlI ekAgratA rUpastha dhyAna hai| isameM arahaMta Adi kA dhyAna karanA cAhie / (4) rUpAtIta-yaha nirAlambana svarUpa hai / guNasthAnoM kI dRSTi se yaha dharmadhyAna caturtha avirata, paMcama dezavirata chaThe pramattasaMyata aura saptama apramattasaMyata-ina cAra guNasthAnavI jIvoM ke sambhava hai| arthAt caturtha se saptama guNasthAnavartI jIva isa dharmadhyAna ke adhikArI (svAmI) haiN| (2) zukladhyAna-jisameM zuci guNa kA sambandha ho use zukla kahate haiM / saMyama, sAdhanA aura dhyAna ke prasaMga meM kaSAyoM ke upazama yA kSaya hone kA nAma 1. mUlAcAra 5 / 204. 2. vahI 5 / 205. 3. jJAnArNava pR0 361. 4. zuciguNayogAcchaklam-sarvArthasiddhi 9 / 28 / 874. .

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208: mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana zuciguNa hai / AtmA ke isa zuciguNa ke sambandha se jo dhyAna hotA hai vaha zukladhyAna hai / jaise sampUrNa maila dUra ho jAne para vastra zuci ho jAtA hai| vaise hI nirmala guNayukta AtmapariNati bhI zukla dhyAna mAnI jAtI hai / jisameM ativizuddha guNa hote haiM, karmoM kA upazama tathA kSaya hotA hai aura zukla lezyA hotI hai vaha zukladhyAna hai / ' isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki jo niSkriya, indriyAtIta aura 'maiM isakA dhyAna karU~'-isa prakAra ke vikalpa se rahita hai, jo apane svarUpa ke hI sanmukha hai-isa prakAra AtmA ke zuci guNa ke sambandha se vaha dhyAna zukladhyAna kahA jAtA hai / vastutaH jaba kSapaka dharmadhyAna ko pUrNa kara letA hai taba vaha ati vizuddha lezyA ke sAtha zukladhyAna ko dhyAtA hai / kyoMki pariNAmoM kI paMkti uttarottara nirmalatA ko lie hue sthita hai ataH vaha krama se hI hotI hai / jisane pahalI sIr3hI para paira nahIM rakhA vaha dUsarI sIr3hI para nahIM car3ha sktaa| ataH dharmadhyAna meM paripUrNa huA apramatasaMyamI zukladhyAna karane meM samartha hotA hai / dharmadhyAna kaSAyasahita jIvoM ko aura zukladhyAna upazAnta va kSINakaSAya jIvoM ko hotA hai / dharmadhyAna zukladhyAna kA kAraNa hai| vaise ye donoM hI dhyAna zuddhopayoga se yukta hone ke kAraNa saMsAra bhramaNa ke mUloccheda meM hetubhUta haiM / sthAnAMga meM zukladhyAna ke cAra lakSaNa nirdiSTa haiM-(1) avyatha-kSobha kA abhAva, (2) asammoha-sUkSma padArtha viSayaka mUr3hatA kA abhAva (3) vivekazarIra aura AtmA ke bheda kA jJAna tathA (4) vyutsarga-zarIra aura upadhi meM anAsakta bhAva / 3 bheda-zukla dhyAna ke cAra bheda haiM : 1. pRthaktvavitarka vIcAra, 2. ekatvavitarka avIcAra, 3. sUkSma kriyA apratipAti tathA 4. samucchinna kriyAnivarti (vyuparata kriyaanivtti)| (1) pRthaktvavitarka vIcAra-vastu ke dravya, guNa aura paryAya kA parivartana karate hue cintana karanA pRthaktvavitarka vIcAra hai| yahA~ pRthaktva kA artha bheda yA nAnAvidhatva hai| vitarka kA artha zruta tathA vIcAra se tAtparya artha, vyaMjana aura 1. jattha guNA suvisuddhA, uvasama khamaNaM ca jattha kammANaM / lesA vi jattha sukkA, taM sukka bhaNNade jjhANaM // kArtikeyAnuprekSA 481. 2. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 1876, vijayodayA TIkA sahita. 3. ThANaM 4 / 70 pRSTha 311. 4. tattvArthasUtra 9 / 39.

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uttaraguNa : 209 yogoM kI saMkrAnti yA parivartana / arthAt jIvAdi padArthoM, vyaJjana (zabda yA vacana) aura mana, vacana tathA kAya rUpa yoga kA saMkramaNa (parivartana) ko vIcAra kahate haiN| isa dhyAna meM artha, vyaMjana aura yoga ke saMkramaNa ko isa taraha samajha sakate haiM ki dhyAna karate samaya dravya ko chor3akara paryAya kA dhyAna karanA aura paryAya ko chor3akara dravya kA dhyAna karanA (dhyAna ke viSaya badalanA) arthasaMkrAnti hai| zruta ke kisI eka vAkya ko chor3akara dUsare vAkya kA sahArA lenA, use bhI chor3akara tIsare vAkya kA sahArA lenA arthAt dhyAna karate samaya vacana ke badalane ko vyaJjana-saMkrAnti kahate haiM / kAyayoga ko chor3akara anya yoga kA grahaNa karanA, use bhI chor3akara kAyayoga ko grahaNa karanA yogasaMkrAnti hai / ina tInoM prakAra kI saMkrAnti ko vIcAra kahate haiN|' isa taraha pRthaktva arthAt bheda rUpa se vitarka arthAt zrata kA vIcAra (saMkrAnti) jisa dhyAna meM hotA hai vaha pRthaktvavitarka vIcAra nAmaka prathama zukladhyAna hai / yaha dhyAna upazAMta (moha)-kaSAya nAmaka gyArahaveM guNasthAnavartI jIvoM ko hotA hai| (2) ekatvavitarka avIcAra-yaha dhyAna vyaJjana aura yoga ke saMkramaNa se rahita vastu ke kisI eka rUpa ko hI dhyeya banAne vAlA hotA hai| kisI eka artha, gaNa yA paryAya kA Azraya lekara cintana karanA ekatvavitarka avicAra hai / zukladhyAna ke prathama bheda pRthaktvavitarka vIcAra meM bheda pradhAna citana ke bAda abheda pradhAna ciMtana meM svataH hI sthiratA A jAtI hai / aura jaba citta kI sthiratA bar3hakara eka hI paryAya para Tika jAtI hai, taba yahI dhyAna ekatvavitarka avIcAra kahalAne lagatA hai / yaha dhyAna kSINamoha nAmaka bArahaveM guNasthAnavartI jIvoM ko hotA hai / (3) sUkSma kriyApratipAti-kevalajJAna svabhAva vAle sayogIjina jaba sUkSma kAyayoga meM sthita hokara jo dhyAna karate haiM vaha sakSma kriyApratipAti hai| isameM zvAsocchavAsa kriyA bhI sUkSma raha jAtI hai tathA isakI prApti ke bAda yogI apane dhyAna se kabhI girate nahIM haiM ataH ise sUkSma kriyApratipAti kahate haiN| isa taraha jaba manoyoga aura vacanayoga kA nirodha ho jAtA hai aura kAyayoga kI zvAsocchavAsa rUpa sukSma kriyA zeSa raha jAtI hai| isase patana bhI 1. tattvArthasUtra (paM0 kailAzacaMdra zAstrI dvArA sampAdita) 9 / 44 pRSTha 223. 2. uvasaMto du puhRttaM jhAyadi jhANaM vidakkavIcAraM-mUlAcAra 5 / 207. 3. khINakasAo jhAyadi eyattavidakkavIcAraM-mUlAcAra 5 / 207. 4. kAttikeyAnuprekSA, 484.

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210 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sambhava nahIM ho / ataH isa avasthA ko sukSma kriyA apratipAti kahA jAtA hai| yaha terahaveM sayogake valijina nAmaka guNasthAna meM hotA hai / yaha dhyAna trikAlavartI ananta sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka dharmoM se yukta chaha dravyoM ko eka sAtha prakAzana karatA hai ataH sarvagata hai / vastutaH kevalI kA dhyAna kevalajJAna mUlaka hotA hai| ataH vaha sarvathA nizcala hotA hai| isa taraha sakSmakAyayoga rUpa AtmapariNAma vAlA sayAgakevalI-jina isa tIsare dhyAna ko dhyAtA hai| (4) samucchinnakriyA nivati (vyuparatakriyA nivati)-zivArya ke anusAra kAyayoga kA nirodha karake Ayoga- valI audArika, taijasa aura kArmANa zarIroM kA nAza karatA huA caturtha zukla dhyAna ko dhyAtA hai / isa dhyAna me kriyA arthAt yoga samyak rUpa se ucchinna ho jAte haiM aura yaha caudahaveM AyogakevalI nAmaka guNasthAna meM hotA hai| yaha parama niSkampa ratnadIpa kI taraha samasta kriyAyoga se mukta dhyAna dazA kA prApta hone para punaH usa dhyAna se nivRtti nahIM hotii| ataH ise samucchinna krimAniti kahate haiN| kevalojina yogoM kI pravRtti kA abhAva karake jaba ayogI ho jAte haiM, taba sattA meM sthita aghAtiyA karma kI pacAsI (upAntya samaya meM 62 tathA anta samaya meM teraha) prakRtiyoM kA kSaya karane ke lie jo dhyAna karate haiM vaha vyuparatakriyAnivati hai|5 caudahaveM guNasthAna kA sthitikAla 'a, i, u, R, la'-ina pA~ca hrasvAkSaroM ke uccAraNa ke kAla pramANa hai| eka antarmuhUrta kAla taka atinirmala isa dhyAna ko karake zeSa cAra aghAtikarmoM kA vinAzakara mokSa ko prApta hotA hai / vaha zuddhAtmA urdhvagamana svabhAva ke kAraNa eka hI samaya meM loka ke agrabhAga meM jAkara siddhazilA para virAjamAna ho jAtA hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM zukladhyAna ke ina cAroM bhedoM ke vikAsakrama ko isa tara batAyA hai jaise koI bAlaka hAtha meM avyavasthita aura mauthalA (ThUThA) zastra lekara aparyApta utsAha se calAtA hai aura cirakAla meM vRkSa ko chedatA (kATatA) hai vaise 1. suhumakiriyaM sajogI jhAyaryAda jhANaM ca tadiya sukkaM tu-mUlAcAra 5 / 208. 2. suhamammi kAyajoge bhaNidaM taM savvabhAvagadaM-bha0 A0 1886 vijayodayA. 3. vahI, 1889. 4. jaM kevalI ajogI jhAyadi jhANaM samucchiNNaM-mUlAcAra 5 / 208 savRtti. 5. kArtikeyAnuprekSA gAthA 485. 6. so teNa paMcanattAkAleNa khavedi carimajjhANeNa-bha0 A0 gAthA 2124. 7. sarvArthasiddhi 9 / 44 / 906. pR0 350-351, tattvArthasUtra (paM0 kailAzacaMdra zAstrI) pR0 224-226.

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uttaraguNa : 211 hI vaha dhyAtA bhI mohanIya karma kI pravRttiyoM kA upazama aura kSaya karatA huA pRthaktvavitarka vIcAra nAmaka prathama zukladhyAna ko dhAraNa karane vAlA hotA hai / vahI dhyAtA jar3amUla se mohanIya karma ko naSTa karane kI icchA se pahale se bhI ananta guNe vizuddha dhyAna kA Alambana lekara artha, vyaMjana aura yoga ko saMkrAnti se rahita, nizcalamana vAlA vaiDUryamaNi ke samAna nirupalepa jaba vaha kSINakaSAya nAmaka bArahaveM guNasthAna ko prApta hotA hai to phira dhyAna lagAkara pIche nahIM haTatA / isalie use ekatvavitarka avIcAra dhyAna yukta kahA jAtA hai / isa prakAra ekatvavitarka zukla dhyAna rUpI agni ke dvArA cAra ghAtiyA karmarUpI IMdhana jalA dene para jaise meghamaNDala kA nirodhakara arthAt jaise megha paTala ke haTa jAne para meghoM meM chipA sUrya prakaTa ho jAtA hai vaise hI karmoM kA AvaraNa haTa jAne para kevalajJAna rUpI sUrya prakaTa ho jAtA hai / usa samaya vaha tIrthaMkara, kevalI athavA sAmAnya kevalI hokara apanI Ayu paryanta ( utkRSTa rUpa se kucha kama pUrva koTi kAla taka ) vihAra karate haiM / jaba Ayu meM antarmuhUrta kAla zeSa rahatA hai tathA vedanIya, nAma aura gotra karma ko sthiti Ayukarma ke barAbara antarmuhUrta zeSa rahatI hai, taba saba prakAra ke vacanayoga, manoyoga aura bAdara kAyayoga ko tyAgakara tathA sUkSmakAya yoga kA Alambana lekara sUkSmakriyApratipAti dhyAna karate haiM / isake bAda samucchinnakriyAnivarti nAmaka caturtha aura antima zukladhyAna meM zvAsocchvAsa kA saMcAra, samasta manoyoga, vacanayoga, kAyayoga aura samasta pradezoM kA halana calana Adi kriyA ruka jAtI hai / yogoM ke dvArA hone vAlI Atma pradeza parispanda rUpa kriyA kA uccheda ho jAne se isa caturtha dhyAna kA ukta nAmakaraNa hai / isake hone para samasta karmabandha ke Azrava kA nirodha ho jAtA hai aura samasta bace hue karmoM ko naSTa karane kI zakti utpanna ho jAtI hai / ataH mokSa ke sAkSAt kAraNa yathAkhyAta cAritra darzana aura jJAna pUrNa ho jAte haiM | aura ve ayoga- kevalI jina usa samaya dhyAnAtizaya rUpa agni ke dvArA saba prakAra ke karmamala jalAkara kiTu-kAlimA se rahita zuddha suvarNa kI taraha nirmala AtmA ko prAptakara parinirvANa ko prApta karate haiM / zukladhyAna ke uparyukta cAra bhedoM meM unameM zrutajJAna kA Alambana rahatA hai / unameM kisI bhI sahAre va Alambana kI apekSA nahIM rahatI / prathama do bheda sAlambana haiM arthAt kintu zeSa do dhyAna nirAvalamba hai, siddhi prApti ke icchuka jJAnI janoM ko dhyAna karane se pUrva dhyAna ke sAdhaka, sAdhana, sAdhya aura phala ina cAroM bAtoM kA vidhipUrvaka jJAna kara lena

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212 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana caahie| kyoMki AcAryoM ne dhyAna ke antargata batAyA hai ki saMsArI bhavya puruSa dhyAna kA sAdhaka hotA hai, ujjvala dhyAna sAdhana hai, mokSa sAdhya hai tathA avinazvara sukha dhyAna kA phala hai / ' dhyAna ke cAra bhedoM meM Arta aura raudra-ye aprazasta dhyAna mahAsaMsAra kA bhaya utpanna karane vAle aura deva tathA mokSa gati ke sarvathA pratikUla haiM / ataH inakA tyAga kara dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna meM apanA mana lagAnA caahie| kyoMki kaSAyoM ke kSayArtha Arta aura raudra dhyAna ko chor3akara dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna meM lavalIna hone vAle zukla lezyAyukta zramaNa ko kaSAyeM kabhI bhI pIr3A nahIM detiiN| jaise-cAroM dizAoM meM bahane vAlI vAyu se girirAja (meru parvata) kabhI calAyamAna nahIM hotA usI prakAra yogI ko bhI acalita rUpa se dhyAna ko nirantara dhyAte hue kabhI upasargAdi se vicalita nahIM honA cAhie / vastutaH dhyAna bhale hI cAra prakAra ke hoM, kintu cAroM dhyAna tapa nahIM hai / tapa kI koTi meM sirpha do hI dhyAna haiM-dharma aura zukla / bAkI jitane tapa hai ve saba dhyAna ke sAdhana mAtra kahe jA sakate haiM / 6. vyutsarga (vissagga) tapa : krodhAdi rUpa Abhyantara aura kSetra, dhana, dhAnyAdi rUpa bAhya parigraha kA tyAga vyutsarga tapa hai / " isameM saba padArthoM yahA~ taka ki apane zarIra va prANa ke prati bhI moha kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai, tabhI sarvatra, sarvadA nirmamatva-bhAva kI pavitra bhAvanA rUpa vyutsarga tapa kiyA jA sakatA hai / uttarAdhyayana meM kahA hai sone, baiThane tathA khar3e hone meM jo bhikSu zarIra se vyartha kI ceSTA nahIM karatA, yaha zarIra kA vyutsarga 'vyutsarga' nAmaka chaThA tapa hai| vyutsarga zabda meM 'vi' kA artha viziSTa aura 'utsarga' kA artha tyAga--arthAt tyAga karane kI viziSTa vidhi ko vyutsarga kahate haiN| isa taraha niHsaMgatA (anAsakti), nirbhayatA aura jIvana kI lAlasA kA tyAga hI vyutsarga hai|" 1. amitagati zrAvakAcAra adhyAya 15, padya 7-8. 2. mUlAcAra 9 / 117. 3. vahI 9 / 118. 4. SaDkhaNDAgama 5, pu0 13 pRSTha 64. 5. uttarAdhyayana 30 / 36. 6. mUlAcAra 5 / 209. 7. niHsaMga-nirbhayatva jIvitAzA vyudAsAdyarthI vyutsargaH-tattvArthavArtika 9 / 26 / 10.

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uttaraguNa : 213 vyutsarga ke do bheda haiM-Abhyantara aura bAhya / mithyAtva, hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA, strIveda, puruSaveda, napuMsakaveda, krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha-ye caudaha prakAra ke Abhyantara parigrahoM kA tyAga Abhyantara vyutsarga hai| tathA kSetra, vAstu, dhana, dhAnya, dvipada, catuSpada, yAna, zayanAsana, kupya (vastra) aura bhANDa (pAtra)-ye dasa prakAra ke bAhya parigrahoM kA tyAga bAhya vyutsarga hai| bhagavatI sUtra aura opapAtika sUtra meM uparyukta do bhedoM ko kramazaH dravya-vyutsarga aura bhAva-vyutsarga nAma se ullikhita kiyA hai| inameM dravya-vyutsarga ke 4 bheda kiye gaye haiN| 1. zarIra-vyusarga arthAt zarIra caMcalatA kA tyAga, 2. gaNavyutsarga-vizeSa sAdhanA ke nimitta gaNa kA tyAga 3. upadhi-vyutsarga aura 3. bhakta-pAna-vyutsarga / bhAva-vyutsarga ke tIna bheda haiM-1. kaSAya vyutsarga, 2. saMsAra-vyutsarga (paribhramaNa kA tyAga) tathA 3. karma-vyutsarga arthAt karmapadgaloM kA tyAga / 2 uparyukta chaha bAhya aura chaha Abhyantara-ina bAraha prakAra ke tapa se yukta ho jo vidhipUrvaka apane karmoM kA kSayakara vyutsarga-nirmamatA pUrvaka zarIra-tyAga karate haiM ve anuttara nirvANa pada ko prApta hote haiN| kyoMki tapa kA lakSya rAgadveSa Adi vikAroM ko sadA ke lie dUrakara Atmaparizodhana hai na ki mAtra dehadamana / tapa ke mAdhyama se Atmazuddhi hetu vikAroM ko tapAyA jAtA hai na ki zarIra ko| zarIra to Atmavizuddhi aura AtmasAdhanA kA mAdhyama mAtra hai| vastutaH jo jJAna-svabhAva kI bhAvanA bhAtA hai use bAhya tapa svayameva ho jAtA hai / aura Abhyantara tapa to svayaM AtmA, jJAna, dhyAna Adi rUpa hai jo Atmavizuddhi kA sAkSAt sAdhana hai / ataH tapa ko sAdhaka jIvana kI kasauTI mAnA jAtA hai / isa prakAra bAhya aura Amyantara rUpa ina bAraha tapoM ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki AdhyAtmika utkarSa kI prApti hetu sAdhanA ke kSetra meM ye tapa divya rasAyana haiM / yadyapi sAdhanA paddhati ke aneka aMga aura tattva hai kintu prAyaH sabhI kA antarbhAva tapa ke uparyukta prakAroM evaM unake vizleSaNa meM hai| isa dRSTi se sAdhanA kI 'sampUrNa paddhati' ke rUpa meM ye sabhI tapa sAdhaka ko kalyANakArI honeM se upAdeya haiN| itanA hI nahIM Aja bhautika jagat meM mAnasika, vaicArika tathA paraspara bar3hate tanAva aura azAnti ko dUra karane meM ina tapoM kI AMzika sAdhanA taka ke acche pariNAma sarva sAmAnya ko bhI prApta ho sakate haiM / 1. mUlAcAra 5 / 2100211 / 2. bhagavatI sUtra 2517782, aupapAtika sUtra 20. 3. dasaNapAhuNa 36, uttarAdhyayana 30.

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214 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana parISaha-kSamaNa (parISahajaya) : zramaNa jIvana kA sAdhanA mArga talavAra kI dhAra para calane ke samAna hai| usameM sadA mana, vacana aura kAya sambandhI kaSTa, vedanA, duHkha tathA vighna-bAdhAoM Adi pratikUlatAoM kA AnA koI bar3I bAta nahIM hai| kintu unase vicalita na hote hue samatAbhAva se unheM sahakara Atmika vikAsa meM lage rahanA Avazyaka hotA hai| AcArya pUjyapAda ne kahA hai ki duHkhoM kA anubhava kiye binA prApta kiyA gayA jJAna duHkha par3ane para naSTa ho jaataa| ataH muni ko zakti ke anusAra dukhoM ke sAtha AtmA kI bhAvanA karanA cAhie / arthAt AtmAnubhava ke sAtha duHkhoM ko sahana karane kI zakti honI cAhie / inhIM dRSTiyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue zramaNAcAra meM parISaha-kSamaNa arthAt parISaha jaya kA vidhAna kiyA gyaa| dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ko apekSA vighna-bAdhAyeM yA kaSTa sadA eka samAna nahIM hote, unameM bhinnatA hotI hai| jaina paramparA meM vighna-bAdhAoM yA kaSTa Adi ko samatApUrvaka sahana karane ko parISahajaya kahA jAtA hai / parISaha kI paribhASA karate hue umAsvAmI ne kahA hai ki apane mArga se cyuta na hone tathA karmoM kI nirjarA ke lie bhUkha-pyAsa Adi jo duHkha, kaSTa yA vighna sahana kiye jAyeM unheM parISaha kahate haiN| vaise jo sahIM jAyeM ve parISaha haiM aura parISahoM kA jaya parISaha jaya hai| arthAt kSudhA Adi kI vedanA hone para karmoM kI nirjarA karane ke lie use saha lenA paroSaha hai aura parISaha kA jItanA parISaha jaya hai / bhAva pAhuDa meM kahA hai ki jaise patthara cirakAla taka jala meM DUbe rahane para bhI usa patthara meM na to jala praveza kara pAtA hai aura na andara se gIlA hI hotA hai, isI prakAra zramaNa ko upasarga aura parISahoM ke udaya se khedakhinna nahIM honA caahie|vstutH sAdhanA-mArga meM Ane vAle kaSToM ko samatA bhAva se sahanA cAhie, cAhe ve kaSTa jIvoM dvArA yA prakRti dvArA hI kyoM na kiye gaye hoN| jaise uSNatA, tADana Adi sahana karane ke bAda hI svarNa zuddha hotA hai vaise hI 1. aduHkhabhAvitaM jJAnaM hIyate duHkha sannidhau / tasmAd yathAbalaM duHkhairAtmAnaM bhAvayenmuniH // samAdhitaMtra 102. 2. mArgAcyavana nirjarAthaM pariSoDhavyAH parISahAH-tattvArthasUtra 918. 3. paripUrvAtsaheH karmaNyakAraH pariSahyata iti priisshH| parISahasya jayaH parISahajayaH-tattvArthavArtika 9 / 2 / 6 pR0 592. 4. kSudhAdivedanotpattau karmanirjarArthaM sahanaM priisshH| pariSahasya jayaH pariSahajayaH -sarvArthasiddhi 9 / 11789 pR0 312. 5. bhAva pAhuDa 95.

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uttaraguNa : 215 Atma sAdhanA meM lIna mumukSa ko apane lakSya meM pUrNa saphalatA prApti ke lie Atma-sAdhanA, tapazcaraNa Adi ke sAtha hI vividha upasarga aura parISaha sahane kA sahaja abhyasta honA Avazyaka hotA hai / ataH AcArya kundakunda ke anusAra zramaNa ko AgamAnukUla pramAdarahita hokara, saMyama ke ghAtaka kAryoM ko chor3akara sadA bAIsa parISahoM kA sahana karane kA abhyasta ho jAnA caahie|' parISaha ke bheda : kSudhA, tRSA, zIta, uSNa, daMzamazaka, acelabhAva, arati-rati, strI, caryA, niSadyA, zayyA, Akroza, vadha, ayAcana, alAbha, roga, tRNasparza, jalla, satkArapuraskAra, prajJA, ajJAna aura adarzana-ye bAisa parISaha haiM / 2 inameM se pratyeka parISaha kA svarUpa kramazaH isa prakAra hai 1. cAritra mohanIya aura vIryAntarAya karma se asAtA vedanIya kA udaya hone para bhojana kI abhilASA utpanna hone para bhI use samatA pUrvaka sahana karanA kSudhA-parISaha kSamaNa hai / / 2. pAnI pIne kI icchA utpanna hone para use sahana karanA tRSA parISaha kSamaNa hai| 3. vastra, kaMbalAdi aur3hane kI icchA na karake zIta sahana karanA zIta parISaha kSamaNa hai| 4. sUrya kI uSNatA aura jvara Adi ke saMtApa kI pIr3A sahana karanA uSNa parISaha kSamaNa hai| 5. DAMsa, macchara, pissU, khaTamala, cIMTI Adi ke dvArA upasthita bAdhA (pIr3A) sahana karanA daMzamazaka parISaha kSamaNa hai / 6. nagnatA se utpanna saMkleza-sahana karanA acela yA nAgnya parISaha kSamaNa hai| 7. asaMyama ke prati mana meM arati-aruci utpanna honA arthAt indriya viSayoM ke prati nirutsuka tathA prANiyoM ke prati sarvadA sadaya honA athavA saMyama meM aruci aura asaMyama meM ruci utpanna na hone denA aratirati parISaha kSamaNa hai| 1. bhAvapAhuDa, 94. chuhataNhA sIduNhA daMsamasayamacela bhAvo ya / aradiradiitthicariyANisIdhiyA sejja akkoso // badhajAyaNaM alAho roga taNapphAsa jllskkaaro| taha ceva paNNa parisaha aNNANamadaMsaNaM khamaNaM // mUlAcAra 5 / 57, 58.

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216 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 8. striyoM ke kaTAkSAdi, unake lalita bhASaNa evaM mIThI ha~sI Adi se mana meM kAma-vikAra utpanna na hone denA strI pariSaha kSamaNa haiM / 9. miTTI, kaMkar3a, kAMToM se yukta mArgoM para calane meM bhI pIr3A kA anubhava na karanA caryA parISaha kSamaNa hai / 10. zmazAna, zUnyAgAra ekAnta Adi sthAnoM meM vIrAsana Adi se dhyAna karate samaya hone vAlI pIr3A sahana karanA niSadyA parISaha kSamaNa hai / 11. tIkSNa Adi viSama bhUmi para eka karavaTa yA daNDAsana se zayana karane meM utpanna pIr3A ko sahana karanA zayyA pariSaha kSamaNa hai / 12. mArga meM gamana Adi ke samaya mithyAdRSTi janoM ke dvArA, zramaNa yA usake saMgha kI nindA, avajJA, kaTuvacana Adi bolane para Akroza utpanna na hone denA yA unake dvArA pragaTa Akroza ko sahana karanA Akroza parISaha kSamaNa hai / 13. kisI ke dvArA mudgarAdi se mArane para utpanna pIr3A ko sahana karanA vadha parISaha kSamaNa hai / 14. svaprANaghAta kI bhI sthiti utpanna hone para auSadhi Adi kI yAcanA na karanA ayAcana parISaha kSamaNa hai / 15. antarAya karmoM ke udaya se AhArAdi ke prApta na hone para tadjanya abhAva kA kaSTa sahanA alAbha parISaha kSamaNa hai / 16. jvara, khA~sI Adi prakAra ke vividha rogoM ke utpanna hone para bhI cikitsA ke lie adhIra na banakara usa roga se utpanna vedanA ko samabhAva se sahana karanA roga parISaha kSamaNa hai / 17. sUkhA ghAsa, karkaza - kaThora miTTI Adi sthAnoM para sone yA naMge pairoM calane se utpanna pIr3A ke parihAra meM jisakA citta nirantara pramAdarahita hai, usake tRNasparza parISaha kSamaNa jAnanA cAhie / 18. asnAna ke kAraNa garmI Adi meM zarIra se pasInA nikalane, dhUla lagane se utpanna bAdhA ko sahana karanA jalla parISaha kSamaNa hai / 19. pUjA, prazaMsA, stuti tathA abhivAdana dvArA kisI anya zramaNa kA sammAna hote dekha aura svayaM kA sammAnAdi na hone para IrSyAbhAva na karanA satkAra- puraskAra parISaha kSamaNa hai / 20. vijJAna (vizeSa jJAna ) se utpanna garva kA nirasana karanA prajJA parISaha kSamaNa hai | 21. siddhAnta, vyAkaraNa, tarka Adi zAstroM kA ajJAna hone se mana meM utpanna saMtApa se kheda - khinna na honA ajJAna parISaha kSamaNa hai /

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uttaraguNa : 217 22. mahAvatoM Adi tathA anyAnya tapazcaraNa karane ke bAda bhI Rddhi Adi utpanna na hone para kheda-khinna na honA athavA Rddhi Adi kI siddhi ke alAvA Atma-kalyANa ke lie zraddhApUrvaka mahAvata Adi kA pAlana karate rahanA adarzana paroSaha kSamaNa hai|' uparyukta bAisa parISaha meM se anya granthoM meM sAtavIM arati parISaha kA nAma AyA hai kintu mUlAcAra meM aratirati parISaha kSamaNa kA nAmollekha hai, jisakA artha asaMyama meM aruci aura saMyama meM ruci kA honA hai| ___ isa prakAra ye parISaha zramaNa jIvana meM bahuta upayogI haiM kyoMki zramaNajIvana meM vividha bAdhAyeM , pratikUlatAyeM tathA upasargAdi to bane hI rahate haiM / kintu inheM samatApUrvaka sahate hue apanI lakSya-siddhi meM lage rahane ko ho parISaha-jaya kahA hai| isa viSaya meM yaha bhI vizeSa ullekhanIya hai ki parISahoM kA jaisA vivecana jaina AcAra viSayaka vAGmaya meM milatA hai anya paramparAoM meM nhiiN| paMcAcAra: ____sAmAnyataH siddhAntoM, AdarzoM tathA vidhi-vidhAna kA vyAvahArika-prayogAsmaka athavA kriyAtmaka pakSa 'AcAra' kahA jAtA hai| jaina dRSTi meM apanI zakti ke anusAra nirmala samyagdarzanAdi meM yatnazIla rahanA AcAra hai| AcAra zabda ke tIna bheda haiM-AcaraNa, vyavaharaNa aura Asevana / / . AcAra ke bheda : darzanAcAra, jJAnAcAra, caritrAcAra, tapAcAra aura vIryAcAra-ye AcAra ke pA~ca bheda haiM / inakA vivecana prastuta hai1. darzanAcAra : samyagdarzana viSayaka AcaraNa arthAt zaMkA, kAMkSA Adi doSoM se rahita tattvazraddhAna rUpa viSayoM meM kiyA gayA prayatna darzanAcAra hai|" darzanAcAra ke nimnalikhita ATha prakAra haiM / 6 1. mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 57-58. 2. sAgAradharmAmRta 7 / 35. 3. AcaraNamAcAro vyavahAraH-sthAnAGga vRtti patra 60. 4. daMsaNaNANa caritte tave viriyAcarahmi pNcvihe| vocchaM adicAre haM kAridamaNumodide a kade // mUlAcAra 5 / 2. mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 171. 6. Nissakida NikkaMkhida Ni vidigicchA amaDhadiTThI ya / uvagRhaNa ThidikaraNaM vacchalla pabhAvaNA ya te aTTha ||-muulaacaar 5 / 4. 5.

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218 ; mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 1. niHzaMkita-nizcaya ke abhAva ko zaMkA kahate haiN| isake viparIta jisameM vastusvarUpa kA nizcaya hone se pariNAmoM meM jo dRr3hatA hotI hai use niHzaMkita kahate haiN| 1. ni:kAMkSita-ihaloka aura paraloka ke bhogoM kI abhilASA 'kAMkSA' kahalAtI hai| isa kAMkSA kA abhAva arthAt ina bhogoM meM ruci kA abhAva niSkAkSita hai / ihalokAkAMkSA, paralokAkAMkSA aura ubhaya lokAkAMkSA-ina tInoM kAMkSAoM kA abhAva niHSakAMkSita hai ora ye ho isake tIna bheda haiN|' 3. nivicikitsA-vicikitsA kA artha 'glAni' hai| dravya aura bhAvaye isake do bheda haiM / uccArAdi arthAt mala-mUtra, ileSma, carma, mAMsa, jalla-malla yukta zarIra Adi dekhakara glAni utpanna honA dravya vicikitsA hai tathA kSudhA, tRSA, daMzamazaka, nagnatAdi ke prati mana meM glAni utpanna honA bhAvavicikitsA hai / ina donoM prakAra kI vicikitsA kA abhAva nirvicikitsA hai / / 4. amaDhaSTi-laukika, vaidika samaya yA sAmayika arthAta anyAnya dArzanika matoM ke AcAra tathA mithyA devoM Adi meM zraddhA kA bhAva honA mUDhadRSTi hai / mUr3hadRSTi ke cAra bheda haiM-laukika, vaidika, sAmayika tathA anyadevamUr3hatA / kauTilya, (kauTilya dvArA likhita arthazAstra) AsurakSa arthAt bhaya, prANaghAta, vaMcanA Adi ke mAdhyama se jisa dharma-kArya, cANakya Adi ke upadeza yA grantha meM prANa rakSA ke vidhAna kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA ho, bhArata (mahAbhArata), rAmAyaNa Adi granthoM meM pratipAdita kucha asaddharma kI bAtoM ko saccA samajhanA laukika mUr3hatA hai / 4 Rgveda, sAmaveda, vAk-RcA, anuvAka arthAt manu Adi kI smRtiyA~ Adi zAstra hiMsA ke bhI upadezaka hone se tuccha arthAt dharmarahita haiM / ataH aise zAstroM para zraddhA karanA vaidikamUr3hatA hai|" raktapaTa (bauddha), caraka (kaNacara yA naiyAyika-vaizeSika), tApasa (kandamUla phalAdi kA AhAra karane vAle vanavAsI, jaTA, kaupIna Adi dhArI sAdhu), parivrAjaka (eka daNDI, tridaNDI 1. malAcAra 5152. 2. vahI 5:55. 3. loiyavediyasAmAiesu taha aNNadevamUDhattaM / NaccA daMsaNaghAdI Na ya kAyavvaM sasattIe / / vahI 5 / 59. 4. koDillamAsurakkhA bhAraharAmAyaNAdi je dhammA / hojju va tesu visuttI loiyamUDho havadi eso / / vahI 5 / 60 savRtti . 5. rivvedasAmavedA vaagnnuvaadaadivedstthaaii| tucchANi tANi geNhai vediyamUDho havadi eso // vahI vRttisahita 5 / 61.

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uttaraguNa : 219 .:di sAdhu), tathA anyAnya pAkhaMDI sAdhuoM ko saMsAra se pAra karane vAlA mAnanA samayamUr3hatA hai / ' Izvara, brahmA, viSNu, AryA (pArvatI), skanda (kArtikeya) Adi deva devatvabhAva evaM sarvajJatva se rahita kahe gaye haiM phira bhI inheM deva samajhanA devamUr3hatA hai / ___upayukta laukika, vaidika, samaya yA sAmayika tathA deva-ye cAroM mUr3hatAe~ samyaktva kI ghAtaka hai / ataH inakA sarvathA tyAga karanA caahie| 5. upagRhana-samyagdarzana aura cAritra se malina sArmika ko dharmabhakti ke bhAvoM se usake doSoM ko DhakanA upagRhana aMga hai / yaha aMga darzana aura cAritraguNa ko nirmala karatA hai| muni, AyikA, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA-isa rUpa caturvidha saMgha ke doSoM ko AcchAdita karanA yA inake dvArA hue pramAdAcaraNa ko pragaTa na karanA upagRhana aMga hai|" 6. sthitikaraNa-samyagdarzana, jJAna aura cAritra se bhraSTa jIvoM ko dekhakara dharma buddhipUrvaka, hita, mita aura priya vacanoM dvArA doSa dUrakara zIghra hI ratnatraya meM sthira karanA sthitikaraNa hai|6 7. vAtsalya-jaise gAya apane bachar3e para sneha rakhatI hai, vaise hI caturgati ke bhramaNa kA nAza karane vAle RSi, AryikA, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA rUpa catuH saMgha meM vAtsalyabhAva rakhanA caahie| 8. prabhAvanA-dharmakathA Adi ke kathana, AtApana, vRkSamUla Adi yogoM dvArA tathA hiMsAdi doSa rahita apane ahiMsAmaya dharma kI jIvadayA, anukampA, dAna, pUjA Adi dvArA prabhAvanA karanA cAhie / 1. rattavaDacaragatAvasaparihattAdIya aNNapAsaMDhA / saMsAratAragatti ya jadi geNhai samayamUDo so / / mUlAcAra 5 / 62. 2. IsarabaMbhAviNhU ajjAkhaMdAdiyA ya je devA / te devabhAvahINA devattaNabhAvaNe mUDho / vahI 5163. 3. vahI 5 / 59. 4. vahI 5 / 64. 5. mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 4. 6. malAcAra 5165. 7. cAduvvaNNe saMghe cadugadisaMsAraNittharaNabhUde / vacchallaM kAdavvaM vacche gAvI jahA giddhI / / vahI 5 / 66. 8. vahI 5 / 67.

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220 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana isa taraha jinopadiSTa tattvArthoM kA svarUpa bhAvataH satya hai-aisA mAnanA samyagdarzana hai tathA isake viparIta zraddhA rakhanA mithyAdarzana hai / ' saMvega (saMsArabhaya) vairAgya, niMdA, gardA, upazama, bhakti, anukampA aura vAtsalya-ye ATha guNa bho samyagdarzana ke hI haiM / darzanAcAra ke pUrvokta ATha aMga bhI kahe jAte haiM / 2. jJAnAcAra: jJAnAcAra se tAtparya zrutajJAna viSayaka AcaraNa arthAt mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala-ina pA~ca jJAnoM kI utpatti ke kAraNabhUta zAstroM kA adhyayana, Adara Adi karanA jJAnAcAra hai| yahAM jJAna se tAtparya samyagjJAna hai / jisake dvArA tatva kA svarUpa jJAta kiyA jAtA hai, cittavRtti kA nirodha kiyA jAtA hai, jisake Azraya se AtmA vizuddha (vItarAga) bana jAtA hai| jisake dvArA jIva rAga, dveSa, kAma, krodha Adi vibhAvoM se virakta hokara zreyasa (sva kalyANa) meM anurakta hotA hai tathA maitrIbhAva kI ora bar3hatA hai aisA hI jJAna jina zAsana meM pramANa hai / jJAnAcAra ke bheda-kAla, vinaya, upadhAna, bahumAna, aniva, vyaMjana, artha aura tadubhaya-inakI zuddhipUrvaka jJAna kA abhyAsa karanA jJAnAcAra hai / ye hI jJAnAcAra ke ATha bheda kahalAte haiM / 5 1. kAla-kAlakramAnusAra nirdhArita kAryoM ko usI ke anusAra karanA athavA svAdhyAya kAla-vizeSa meM zAstra paThana, punaH punaH uccAraNa, vyAkhyAna Adi kArya jisa samaya kiye jAne kA vidhAna hai unheM usI samaya karanA kAlajJAnAcAra hai / 6 jaise rAtri ke pUrvabhAga evaM dina ke pazcima bhAga rUpa do 1. mUlAcAra 5 / 68, 2. kunda0 mUlAcAra 5 / 83. 3. paMcavidhajJAnanimittaM zAstrAdhyayanAdikriyA jJAnAcAraH / mUlAcAra savRtti 5 / 2. 4. jeNa tacca vibujjhejja jeNa cittaM Nirujjhadi / jeNa attA visujjhejja taM NANaM jiNasAsaNe // jeNa rAgA virajjejja jeNa seesu rajjadi / jeNa mittI pabhAvejja taM gANaM jiNasAsaNe // mUlAcAra 5 / 70, 71. "5. kAle viNae uvahANe bahumANe taheva NiNhavaNe / vaMjaNa attha tadubhae NANAcAro du aviho / -vahI 5 / 72, dazavakAlika niyukti 184. 6. mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 72.

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uttaraguNa : 221 prAdoSika kAla, vairAtrika (rAtri kA pazcima bhAga) aura gausargika-ina cAra kAloM meM paThana, parivartana, vyAkhyAna Adi kArya karanA kAla jJAnAcAra hai|' 2. vinaya-jJAnaprApti ke prayatnoM meM sadaiva vinamratA kA bhAva rakhanA, jaisepustakAdi ko picchikA se zuddhi karake, hAtha jor3akara, praNAma karake svazaktyAnusAra zuddhopayogapUrvaka sUtrArtha kA adhyayana karanA vinaya jJAnAcAra hai / arthAt mana, vacana aura kAya ke nirmala pariNAmoM yukta ho zruta kA paThana-pAThana, vyAkhyAnAdi karanA vinaya jJAnAcAra hai|3 3. upadhAna-zrutavAcana Adi ke samaya tapa karanA arthAt rasaparityAga Adi ke niyama pUrvaka adhyayanAdi karanA upadhAna jJAnAcAra hai| jaise AcAmla (kAMjI ke sAtha bhAta), nivikRti (jisase jihvA evaM mana vikAra rahita hoM aisA ghI, dahI Adi se rahita odana Adi rUpa anna) tathA anya pakvAnna-ye anna zAstra-svAdhyAya kI ekAgratA meM sahAyaka hone se upaghAna kahalAte haiM / 4. bahumAna-zAna ke prati Antarika anurAga arthAt pUjA evaM satkArapUrvaka paThanAdi kArya karanA bahumAna jJAnAcAra hai / aMgazruta ke sUtrArthoM kA zuddha paThana-pAThana, uccAraNa aura pratipAdana karane se karmoM kI nirjarI hotI hai| ataH zramaNa ko AcArya, zAstrAdi kI AsAdanA na karane unakI vinaya, pUjana Adi dvArA bahumAna pragaTa karanA bahumAna hai| 5. anihnava-vidyAguru, AcArya Adi kA nAma na chipAnA athavA jisa zruta ke adhyayana se jJAna prApta kiyA ho usa zruta ko pragaTa karanA anihnava jJAnAcAra hai| kula, vrata aura zIla vihIna sAdhu yA guru se zAstra par3hakara ke. 1. pAdosiyaverattiyagosaggiyakAlameva geNhittA / ubhaye kAlahmi puNo sajjhAo hodi kAyayo / / mUlAcAra 5 / 73. 2. vahI 5 / 84. 3. mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 72. 4. mUlAcAra 5 / 72, 85. 5. AyaMvila NiviyaDI aNNaM vA hodi jassa kAdavvaM / taM tassa karemANo upahANajudo havadi eso // vahI 5 / 85. 6. mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 72. 7. mUlAcAra 5 / 86. 8. mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 72.

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222 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana bhI aisA kathana karanA ki maiMne ina guNoM se yukta guru se zAstrAdhyayana kiyA haiyaha nihnavadoSa hai|' 6. vyaMjana-sUtra kA vacana karanA, varNa, pada aura vAkyoM kA zuddha uccAraNa karanA tathA vyAkaraNa ke Azraya se niruktipUrvaka sUtragrantha par3hanA vyaMjana jJAnAcAra hai| 7. artha-arthabodha karanA arthAt zAstra meM anekAntAtmaka artha kA samanvaya karake avirodha pUrvaka artha pratipAdana karanA artha jJAnAcAra hai / 8. tadubhaya (vyaMjanArthobhaya)-satra athavA zabda (vyaMjana) aura arthazuddhi ke sAtha zAstra kA adhyayana karanA tadubhaya jJAnAcAra hai| 3. cAritrAcAra : prANivadha se nivRtti tathA indriyajaya meM pravRtti rUpa cAritra guNayukta honA cAritrAcAra kahalAtA hai| prANivadha, mRSAvAda, adatta-grahaNa, maithuna aura parigraha-ina pA~ca pApoM se virata honA pA~ca prakAra kA cAritrAcAra hai / mana, vacana aura kAya kI zubhapravRtti rUpa praNidhAnayoga yukta tIna gupti aura pA~ca samiti arthAt aSTapravacanamAtA ke bheda se cAritrAcAra ke ATha bheda bhI haiN| jaise mAtA putra kI rakSA karatI hai vaise hI muniyoM ke ratnatraya kA rakSaNa aura saMvardhana ye aSTa pravacanamAtA karatI haiN|' cAritrAcAra ke aSTapravacanamAtA rUpa ATha bhedoM meM pAMca samitiyoM kA vivecana dvitIya adhyAya meM kiyA jA cukA hai| yahA~ zeSa tIna bheda rUpa tIna guptiyoM kA svarUpa prastuta hai 1. mUlAcAra 5187. 2. mUlAcAra vRtti0 5 / 72, 88. 3. mUlAcAra 5172 vRttisahita. 4. vahI. 5. prANivadhaparihArendriyasaMyamanapravRttizcAritrAcAra :-mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 2. 6. mUlAcAra 5 / 90. 7. pANivahamusAvAda adatta mehaNapariggahA viradI / esa cArittAcAro paMcaviho hodi NAdavo // vahI 5 / 91. 8. paNidhANa jogajutto paMcasu samidIsu tIsu guttIsu / esa carittAcAro aTTaviho hoi NAyanvo // vahI 5 / 100. 9. edAo aTThapavayaNamAdAo NANadaMsaNacarittaM / rakkhaMti sadA muNiNo mAdA puttaM va payadAo / / vahI 5 / 139.

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/ uttaraguNa : 223 guptiH-saMsAra ke kAraNoM se AtmA kI samyak prakAra meM rakSA karanA athavA mana, vacana aura kAya kI azubhayoga rUpa pravRtti kA nigraha tathA nirdoSa pravRtti kA nAma gupti hai| samyagdarzana, jJAna aura cAritra kA rakSaNa tathA mithyAtva, asaMyama aura kaSAyoM se AtmA kA rakSaNa karane vAlI gaptiyA~ haiN|' jaise kheta kA rakSaNa bAr3a (bAr3I) tathA nagara kA rakSaNa prAkAra yA khAI (parikhA yA taTa) karatI haiM vaise hI azubha karmoM se ye guptiyA~ zramaNa kI rakSA karatI haiM / 2 hiMsA, corI, asatya bhASaNa Adi rUpa sAvadha (pApa) kAryoM se mana kI pravRtti, vacana kA vyApAra aura mana kI ceSTA kA nivAraNa karanA kramazaH gupti ke tIna bheda haiM-manogupti, vacana gupti aura kAyagupti / rAgadveSa se mana meM utpanna sabhI taraha ke saMkalpoM kA tyAga manogupti hai / asatya kaTu Adi vacanoM kA tyAga tathA mauna dhAraNa karanA vacanagupti hai / zArIrika kriyAoM kI nivRtti tathA kAyotsarga karanA evaM hiMsAdi pApoM se nivRtta hone kA nAma kAyagupti hai| isa taraha mana, vacana aura kAyarUpa yoga ko pravRtti ko dhyAna aura svAdhyAya meM samAhita karanA cAhie / 4. tapAcAra: ____ kAyaklezAdi rUpa bAraha prakAra ke tapoM meM kuzala evaM aglAna rahanA tathA utsAhapUrvaka ina tapoM kA anuSThAna karanA tapAcAra hai / tapAcArake bAhya aura Abhyantara ye do bheda haiN| bAhya tapAcAra ke anazana avamaudarya, vRttiparisaMkhyAna, rasaparityAga, kAyakleza tathA viviktazayanAsana-ye chaha bheda haiM tathA Abhyantara tapAcAra ke prAyazcita, vinaya, vaiyAvRtya, svAdhyAya, dhyAna aura vyutsarga-ye chaha bheda haiM-isa taraha tapAcAra ke bAraha bheda haiN|' Abhyantara tapAcAra se vizuddha pariNAma tathA bAhya tapAcAra Abhyantara tapAcAra kI vRddhi meM sahAyaka hotA hai / 1. mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 136. 2. khettassa vaI Nayarassa khAjhyA ahavA hoi paayaaro| taha pAvasya Niroho tAo guttIu sAhussa / / mulAcAra 5 / 137. 3. vahI 5 / 134. 4. vahI 5 / 135. 5. vahI 5 / 136. 6. vahI 5 / 128. 7. mUlAcAra vatti 0 5 / 2. 8. duviho ya tavAcAro bAhira abbhataro muNeyavyo / ekkakko vi ya chaddhA jadhAkammaM taM parUvemo // mUlAcAra 5 / 148. 9. vahI 5 / 215. ... .

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224 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 5. vIryAcAra : dravya kI svazakti vizeSa kA nAma vIrya hai|' zubha kArya meM sAmarthya tathA utsAha rakhanA vIryAcAra hai / 2 jJAna, tapa Adi ke viSaya meM zakti kA na atikramaNa karanA aura na apanI zakti chipAnA vIryAcAra hai| bala, vIrya, zakti, parAkrama aura dhRti-ina pA~ca ke Azraya se yogya AcaraNa karanA bhI vIryAcAra hai / mUlAcAra ke anusAra AhAra, auSadhi Adi se utpanna bala aura vIrya ko na chipAkara usakA upayoga prANisaMyama, indriyasaMyama tathA tapazcaraNa Adi meM pratisevA, pratizravaNa aura saMvAsa-ina tIna anumati doSa rahita yathokta cAritra meM apanI AtmA ko yukta karanA vIryAcAra hai / tathA inhIM tIna anumati doSarahita hokara vIryAcAra kA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai / / __ ina tIna anumati doSoM meM prathama pratisevA anumati doSa kA artha hai-pAtra ke uddezya se lAI huI AhArAdi sAmagrI kA sevana evaM grahaNa karanA / " dvitIya anumati doSa arthAt dAtA dvArA uddezya kI vijJapti ke bAda bhI yadi zramaNa AhArAdi tathA anya upakaraNa grahaNa karatA hai yA grahaNa ke bAda apane ko lakSyakara lAyI huyI sAmagrI kA jJAna hone para bhI kucha na bolanA yA usakA tyAga na karanA pratizravaNa anumati doSa hai|' tathA sAvadha se mamatvavaza saMkleza pariNAma utpanna honA arthAt gRhastha ke sAtha sadA sambandha rakhate hue upakaraNAdi se mamatva bhAva rakhanA tRtIya saMvAsa nAmaka anumati doSa hai / ___ saMyamayukta hokara bhI vIryAcAra kA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai / prANisaMyama evaM indriyasaMyama ina do saMyamoM meM prANisaMyama ke satraha bheda haiM / pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati-ina paMcakAyika jIvoM, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura paMcendriya-ina cAra prakAra ke trasa jIvoM tathA ajIvakAya kI rakSA karanA-dasa prakAra kA saMyama hai| apratilekha-binA dekhe-zodhe padArtha 1. dravyasya svazakti vizeSo vIryam-sarvArthasiddhi 6 / 6. pR0 323. 2. mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 2. 3. balavIriyasattiparakkamadhidibalamidi paMcadhA uttaM / tesiM tu jahAjoggaM AcaraNaM viiriyaacaaro|| -kundakundakRta mAnA jAne vAlA mUlAcAra 5 / 239 4. aNugUhidabalavirio parikkAmadi jo jahuttamAutto / jujadi ya jahAthANaM viriyAcArotti NAdavo // mUlAcAra 5 / 216. 5. vahI 5 / 217. 6. vahI, 5 / 218. 7. vahI, 5 / 219. 8. vahI, 5 / 219.

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uttaraguNa : 225 uThAnA-rakhanA, duSpratilekha-asAvadhAnIpUrvaka zodhana karanA, upekSAsaMyamasaMmUrcchanAdi jIvoM kI upekSA karanA, apahRtyAsaMyama-paMcendriya, dvindriyAdi jIvoM ko eka jagaha se nikAlakara asAvadhAnIpUrvaka dUsare sthAnoM meM chor3a denA ina cAra meM pravRtti na karanA evaM mana, vacana aura kAya-ina tInoM kI pravRtti jIvarakSaNa meM rakhanA-isa prakAra satraha prakAra kA prANisaMyama hai|' pA~ca rasa, pA~ca varNa, do gandha, ATha sparza tathA SaDja, RSabha, gAndhAra, madhyama, paMcama, dhaivata aura niSAda-ye sapta svara evaM mana-ina aTThAisa viSayoM kA nirodha karanA aTThAIsa prakAra kA indriyasaMyama hai| ina bhedoM meM se mana kI pravRtti kA nirodha noindriya saMyama kahalAtA hai| caudaha prakAra ke jIvasamAsa kI rakSA prANasaMyama hai| isa prakAra saMkSepa meM zraddhA, jJAna, cAritra, tapa aura vIrya (zakti) kA Atmavizuddhi hetu upayoga karanA hI kramazaH darzanAcAra, jJAnAcAra, cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra aura vIryAcAra kahalAtA hai / dazadharma: rAga-dveSAdi samasta doSarahita AtmA kA AtmA meM rata honA dharma hai| vastutaH vastu kA svabhAva dharma hai jisakA artha zuddha caitanya kA prakAza karanA hai / isalie dharma se pariNata AtmA hI dharma hai| jo prANiyoM ko saMsAra ke duHkha se uThAkara uttama sukha (vItarAgatA) meM dhAraNa karatA hai vaha dharma hai / vaha dharma karmoM kA vinAzaka tathA samIcIna hai|5 dharma ko ahiMsA lakSaNa vAlA bhI batAyA gayA hai| aise dharma kA bhAdhAra satya hai| vinaya usakI jar3a, kSamA usakA bala hai| vaha brahmacarya se rakSita hai| upazama kI usameM pradhAnatA hai, niyati usakA 1. appaDilehaM duppaDilehamuvekhuavahaTu saMjamo ceva / maNavayaNakAyasaMjama sattarasavidho du NAdavo / / mUlAcAra 5 / 220 2. paMcarasapaMcavaNNA do gaMdhA aTTha phAsa satta sraa| maNasA coddasajIvA indiyapANA ya saMjamo mo // mUlAcAra 5 / 221 3. appA appammi rao rAyAdisu syldosprijtto| saMsArataraNahedu dhammo tti jiNehiM NiddiTeM / / bhAva pAhuDa 85. 4. vstusvbhaavtvaaddhrmH| zuddhacaitanya prakAzana mityrthH| tato yamAtmA dharmeNa pariNato dharma eva bhavati-pravacanasAra tattvapradIpikA TIkA 78. 5. dezayAmi samIcInaM dharma karmanibarhaNam / ___ saM sAraduHkhataH sattvAn yo gharatyuttame sukhe // ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 2.

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226 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana lakSaNa evaM niSparigrahatA usakA Alambana hai|' samatA, madhyasthatA, zuddhabhAva, vItarAgatA, cAritra, dharma aura svabhAva kI ArAdhanA-ye saba ekArthavAco zabda hai| yahA~ cAritra Adi ko bhI dharma kahA hai / kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM dharma kI ukta sabhI paribhASAoM ko ekatrarUpa meM ullekha milatA hai| kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, satya, zauca, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, AkiMcana aura brahmacarya-dharma ke ye dasa bheda sAmAnyataH sabhI jaina zAstroM meM dRSTigocara hote haiM / digambara paramparA ke mUlAcAra aura zvetAmbara paramparA ke samavAyAMga sUtra meM uparyukta kucha ke nAmoM aura kucha ke krama meM antara hai / artha aura saMkhyA kI dRSTi se saba meM samAnatA hai| kSAnti, mArdava, Arjava, lAghava, tapa saMyama, akiMcanatA, brahmacarya, satya aura tyAga-ye dasa bheda mUlAcAra ke anusAra hai| kSAnti, mukti (akiMcanya), Arjava, mArdava, lAghava (zauca), satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga aura brahmacarya-ye dasa bheda samavAyAMga sammata hai| __uparyukta donoM paramparAoM ke krama aura nAma dRSTi se alpAdhika antara ke atirikta samAnatA hai / samavAyAMga meM mUlAcAra ke akiMcaNadA dharma ke sthAna para muttI (mukti) aura chAgo (tyAga) ke sthAna para ciyAe nAma milatA hai| kintu artha donoM kA samAna hai| kramAgata antara spaSTa hI hai| ye zramaNadharma hone ke kAraNa pratyeka dharma ke sAtha 'uttama' vizeSaNa bhI tattvArthasUtra ko paramparA se lekara paravartI granthoM meM milatA hai jaise uttamakSamA, uttamamArdava Adi / pratyeka dharma ke Age "uttama" vizeSaNa jor3ane kA artha hai samyagdarzana pUrvaka sarvotkRSTa kSamA, mArdava Adi dharma grahaNa karanA, na ki UparI yA dikhAve mAtra ko ye dharma grahaNa karanA / ina dasa dharmoM kA vivecana prastuta hai 1. sarvArthasiddhi 9 / 7 / 810 pR0 319. 2. nayacakra0 vR0 356. 3. dhammo vatthu-sahAvo khamAdibhAvo ya dasaviho dhammo / rayaNattayaM ca dhammo jIvANaM rakkhaNaM dhammo / kArtikeyAnuprekSA 478. 4. uttamakSamA-mArdavArjava zauca-satya-saMyama-tapastyAgAkiJcanya-brahmacaryANi dharmaH -tattvArthasUtra, sarvArthasiddhi, tattvArthAdhigama bhASya 9 / 6. 5. khaMtI maddava ajjava lAghava tava saMjamo akiNcnndaa| taha hodi baMbhaceraM saccaM cAgo ya dasa dhammA / / mUlAcAra 1115,8162. 6. dasavihe samaNadhamme paNNatte, taM jahA-khaMtI muttI ajjave maddave lAghave sacce saMjame tave ciyAe baMbhaceravAse / / samavAyAMga samavAya 10 / 1.

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uttaraguNa : 227 1. kSAnti (kSamA)-krodhotpatti ke sAkSAt bAhya kAraNa milane para bhI alpamAtra bhI krodha na karanA, na vaise pariNAma lAnA uttama kSAnti arthAt kSamA hai|' jaise zarIra kI sthiti ke lie AhArArtha jaba zramaNa nagara meM nikalate haiM, taba mithyAtvI jana upahAsa, tiraskAra tathA yahA~ taka ki zarIra para AkramaNa taka karate haiM / aisI sthiti meM kisI bhI prakAra ke kaluSatApUrNa bhAva mana meM utpanna na hone denA kSAnti hai / kSamA, titikSA, sahiSNutA aura krodhanigrahaye sabhI zabda eka ho artha ke vAcaka haiN| kSamA dhAraNa karane kI vidhi yaha hai ki krodha utpanna hone ke jo nimitta kAraNa haiM unake sadbhAva aura abhAva donoM kA apane meM cintana karanA caahie| kyoMki una kAraNoM ke astitva yA nAstitva kA bodha ho jAne se isa dharma kI siddhi ho sakatI hai / 2. mArdava-jJAna, pUjA, kula, jAti, bala, Rddhi, tapa aura zarIra-ina ATha mada-sthAnoM kA abhAva tathA mRdu-bhAvoM kA sadbhAva mArdava dharma hai| uttama jJAna aura tapazcaraNa meM pradhAna tathA samartha hone para bhI apanI AtmA ko mAna kaSAya se malina na hone denA uttama mArdava dharma hai / 3. Arjava-mana, vacana aura kAya se kapaTapUrNa bhAvoM kA sarvathA abhAva tathA Rju (sarala) bhAvoM kA sadbhAva Arjava dharma hai| kuTila evaM mAyAcArI yukta yoga pariNAmoM se rahita hokara zuddha hRdaya se cAritra kA pAlana karanA Arjava hai / ' bhAva yA pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi tathA visaMvAda (vivAda Adi doSa) rahita pravRtti ko bhI Arjava dharma mAnA gayA hai| 1. bArasa aNuvekkhA 71, kArtikeyAnuprekSA 394. 2. mUlAcAra vRtti 1115, sarvArthasiddhi 9 / 6, bhagavatI ArAdhanA 46 / 154, tattvArthavArtika 9 / 6 / 2. 3. tattvArthabhASya 9 / 6 pR. 384. 4. jJAnaM pUjAM kulaM jAti balamRddhi tapo vapuH / aSTAvAzritya mAnitvaM smayamAhurgatasmayAH // ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra 25. 5. mRdo vo mArdavaM jAtyAdimadAvezAdabhimAnAbhAva:-mUlAcAra vRtti 1115. 6. kArtikeyAnuprekSA 395. 7. RjorbhAvaH ArjavaM manovAkkAyAnAmavakratA-mUlAcAra vRtti 11 / 5. 8. bArasa aNuvekkhA 73. 9. bhAvavizuddhiravisaMvAdanaM cArjavalakSaNam-tattvArthAdhigama bhaassy-9|6|3.

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228 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 4. lAghava--Atma pariNAmoM kI malinatA dUra kara, aticAra rahita avasthA lAghava (zauca) dharma hai| dUsare zabdoM meM lobha kI pUrNataH nirvRtti tathA santoSa ke bhAva kA nAma lAghava hai / ' dhanAdi dravyoM para Asakti yA mamatva kA bhAva hI sabhI ApattiyoM kA janaka hai / isakA tyAga bhI lAghava hai / 2 5. tapa-karmakSaya ke lie zarIra aura indriyoM ko tapta karanA tapa hai / rAgAdi samasta parabhAva tathA icchAoM ke tyAga se sva-svarUpa meM pratapanavijayana karanA tapa hai / vastutaH tapa manuSyagati meM hI sambhava hai, kyoMki naraka va devaloka meM audArika zarIra kA udaya tathA paMca mahAvrata nahIM hote| tiryacoM meM bhI mahAvratoM Adi kA pAlana sambhava nahIM hai / ataH vItarAgatA kI siddhi ke lie dhIra-vIra sAdhuoM ko tapa kA nitya saMcaya karanA caahie|" 6. saMyama-sAmAnyataH samyaka rUpa se yama-niyantraNa ko saMyama kahate hai / dharma vRddhi ke lie samiti ke pAlana meM tatpara zramaNa dvArA prANi rakSA, indriya aura kaSAyoM kA nigraha karanA saMyama hai| paJca mahAvratoM kA dhAraNa, pA~ca samitiyoM kA pAlana, kaSAya nigraha, mana, vacana, kAya-ina tIna daNDoM kA tyAga aura paMcendriya viSayoM para vijaya kA nAma saMyama hai| ataH jIvarakSA meM tatpara jo zramaNa gamanAgamanAdi kAryoM meM tRNa-cheda taka ke bhAvoM se bhI rahita hai use saMyama dharma hotA hai| isa dharma kI mahattA ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki "saMyama meM rata maharSiyoM ke lie muni-paryAya devaloka ke samAna hI sukhada hotA hai| tathA jo saMyama meM rata 1. lagho vo lAghavaM anaticAratvaM zaucaM prakarSaprAptI lobhanivRttiH-mUlAcAra vRtti 1115. 2. bhagavatI ArAdhanA vi0 TI0 46, pR0 154. 3. tapaH karmakSayArtha tapyate zarIrendriyANi tapaH-mUlAcAra vRtti 1115. 4. samastarAgAdiparabhAvecchAtyAgena svasvarUpe pratapanaM vijayanaM tapaH-pravacanasAra tAtparyavRtti 79 / 100 / 12. 5. dhavalA 1315, 4, 31, pR0 9115. 6. anagAra dharmAmRta 731. . 7. dhavalA 2,1,317 / 3. 9. mUlAcAra vRtti 1115. 10. paMcasaMgraha (prAkRta) 127, gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 465, pR0 876. 11. kArtikeyAnuprekSA 399.

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uttaraguNa : 229 nahIM hote unheM vahI mahAnaraka ke samAna duHkhada hotA hai|' asaMyamI puruSa ko tape hue lohe ke gole ke samAna kahA hai jaise usa gole ko jahA~ se bhI chuo vaha jalAtA hI hai, usI taraha asaMyamI puruSa cAroM ora se jIvoM ko kaSTa denevAlA hotA hai| vaha soyA huA bhI ahiMsaka nahIM hotA, taba jAgate hue kA to kahanA hI kyA ? 7. AkiMcanya-(akiMcanatA)-AtmA ke atirikta merA kiMcit (kucha) bhI nahIM hai-isa taraha kA bhAva rakhanA tathA zarIrAdi mere hai-isa prakAra ke bhAvoM kI kalpanA kA bhI tyAga karanA AkiMcanya dharma hai / vastutaH isa dharma ke mAdhyama se jIvana meM bAhya vastuoM ke prati anAsakti utpanna karanA hai| zarIra tathA dharmopakaraNoM Adi meM bhI mamatva bhAva kA sarvathA abhAva AkiMcanya dharma hai| jo zramaNa sabhI parigrahoM se rahita hokara, sukha-duHkha ke dAtA karmoM ko utpanna karane vAle bhAvoM ko rokakara nizcintyatA se AcaraNa karatA hai use AkiMcanya dharma hotA hai / 8. brahmacarya-brahma kA artha nirmala jJAna-svarUpa AtmA hai tathA usameM lIna honA brahmacarya hai / arthAt jisa zramaNa kA mana sva zarIra taka se bhI nirmamatva ho cukA hai use hI brahmacarya dharma hotA hai / 6 vyAvahArika rUpa meM jo zramaNa strI-saMgati nahIM karatA, unake rUpa Adi ko dekhane meM koI ruci nahIM rakhatA tathA kAma Adi kathAyeM nahIM karatA-sunatA usake navadhA brahmacarya hotA hai| ataH isakI sAdhanA ke lie svatantra vRtti kA tyAga karane ke lie gurukula meM nivAsa karane ko bhI brahmacarya kahA hai / 9. satya-para-santApakArI vacana na bolanA, nindA, kalaha Adi se pUrNa bhASaNa se nivRtta honA satya dharma hai| zramaNa ko apane saMghavAsI zramaNoM se 1. dazavakAlika cUlikA 1 / 10. 2. jinadAsakRta dazavai0 cUNi pR0 261. 3. mUlAcAra vRtti 1116. 4. zarIra dharmopakaraNAdiSu nirmamatvamAkiJcanyam-tattvArthAdhigamabhASya 9 / 6. 5. bAraNa aNuvekkhA 79. 6. padmanaMdi paMcaviMzatikA 12 / 2. 7. kArtikeyAnuprekSA 403. 8. sarvArthasiddhi 9 / 6797 pR0 315, tattvArthAdhigama bhASya 9 / 6 / 10. 9. malAcAra vRtti 1115.

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230 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana hitakara vacana bolanA cAhie, cAhe ve hRdaya ko apriya bhale hI hoM kyoMki jaise kaTu (kar3avI) auSadhi sevana ke samaya kar3avI hone para bhI pariNAma meM madhura aura kalyANakArI hotI hai vaise hI zramaNa kA vaha kaTu kintu hitakArI bhASaNa kalyANakArI hogaa|' vastutaH zramaNa dharma ke prasaMga meM apane vratoM evaM maryAdAoM kI pratijJA ke prati niSThAvAn rahakara usI rUpa meM unakA pAlana karanA arthAt AcaraNa ke sabhI kSetroM meM pavitratA rakhanA satya dharma hai / mana, vacana aura kAya kI ekarUpatA bhI satyatA kA hI rUpa hai / .10. tyAga-nija zuddhAtmA ko grahaNa karake bAhya tathA Abhyantara upadhi (parigraha) kI nivRtti tyAgadharma hai / jo zramaNa miSTa bhojana, rAga-dvaSa utpanna karane vAle upakaraNa tathA mamatvotpAdaka vasatikA ko chor3a detA hai use tyAga dharma hotA hai / zramaNa ke yogya jJAnAdi kA dAna karanA arthAt sadAcArI puruSa dvArA muni ko prItipUrvaka Agama kA vyAkhyAna karanA, zAstra denA, saMyama pAlana meM sAdhanabhUta picchI Adi denA bhI tyAga dharma hai / isa prakAra ye dasa zramaNadharma saMvara ke kAraNa haiM / vastutaH dharma zabda vastu kA svabhAvavAcI hai / ataH AtmA kA dharma samatA bhAva rUpa hI hai / zAnti Adi dasa dharma to isake cihna haiM / jo dharma laukika prayojana kI siddhi ke lie hoM ve 'uttama' vizeSaNa viziSTa nahIM haiN| aise dharma kabhI saMvara ke kAraNa bhI nahIM bana sakate / ye kSamA Adi dasa dharma jaba aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM tathA sabhI uttaraguNoM ke utkarSa se yukta hote haiM tabhI zramaNa yA yati dharma kI koTI meM Ate haiM anyathA ye mAtra sAmAnya dharma haiN| anuprekSA : jAne hue artha kA mana meM abhyAsa karanA" vairAgya vRddhi ke lie zarIrAdi ke svabhAva kA punaH punaH cintana karanA anuprekSA hai| anuprekSA kA sAmAnya artha gahana cintana karanA bhI hai jisakA aparanAma 'bhAvanA' hai / isalie bAraha bhAvanA, ke rUpa meM prasiddha vairAgyavardhaka cintana-vizeSa "dvAdazAnuprekSA" hI haiM / 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 357. 2. pravacanasAra tAtparya vRtti 239, pR0 332. 3. kArtikeyAnuprekSA 401. 4. paMcaviMzatikA 1 / 101140. 5. adhigatArthasya manasAmyAso'nuprekSA-sarvArthasiddhi 9 / 25 / 868 pR0 339... 6. zarIrAdInAM svabhAvAnucintanamanuprakSA-vahI 9 / 2 / 789. pR0 311.. 7. dasa do ya bhAvaNAo""buhajaNaveraraga jaNaNIo-mUlAcAra 8 / 73.

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uttaraguNa : 231 pA~ca mahAvratoM kI paccIsa bhAvanAe~ tathA tIrthaMkara prakRti kA baMdha karAne vAlI darzanavizuddhi Adi solaha bhAvanAyeM inase bhinna haiM / vastutaH bhAvanA kA artha saMskAra bhI hai / kyoMki bhAvanA ke binA citta kA saMskAra nahIM hotA / ataH vairAgya-vardhana tathA Atmika utkarSa ke nimitta bhAvanA rUpa tAttvika gahana cintana Avazyaka hai / yogazAstra ke anusAra bhI bhAvanA ke dvArA vairAgya kI ora unmukha citta samabhAva yukta ho jAtA hai jisase kaSAyoM kA upazamana tathA samyaktva kI prApti hotI hai / " inake satat abhyAsa se buddhi darzana, jJAna aura cAritra meM avasthita banI rahatI hai / saMsAra saMbaMdhI aneka dukha, sukha, pIr3A, AkulatA vyAkulatA, kSaNikatA Adi viSayoM ke anucintana se mana kI vRtti laukikatA se haTakara antarmukhI ho jAtI hai / saMyama aura vairAgya ko sAdhanA ke lie ye bahuta upayogI haiM / anuprekSAe~ karmoM kA baMdhana DholA karatI haiM | zubha vicAroM ke udaya se azubha vicAroM kA Agamana ruka jAtA hai aura anuprekSA karmanirodha kA eka sAdhana bana jAtI hai / inase saMskArita huA mana sahaja hI dhyAna kA adhikArI bana jAtA hai / mUlAcAra meM bhI kahA hai ki ina anuprekSAoM se vairAgya kI utpatti tathA rAgadveSa kA vinAza hotA hai / jo inase AtmA ko yukta karatA hai aura vaha AtmA sabhI karmoM se rahita tathA nirmala hokara vimalAlaya (mokSa) ko prApta karatA hai / dvAdaza anuprekSAyeM adhruva, azaraNa, ekatva, anyatva, saMsAra, loka, azucitva, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, dharma aura bodhidurlabha -- ina bAraha anuprekSAoM ke cintana kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / AcArya kundakundakRta bArasa - aNuvekkhA tathA zivAryakRta bhagavatI ArAdhanA Adi granthoM meM bhI yahI anuprekSAyeM yA bhAvanAyeM isI krama se milatI hai / itanA hI nahIM ina anuprekSAoM ke kathana vAlI gAthA bhI tInoM granthoM meM eka jaisI haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI yahI dvAdaza anuprekSAyeM milatI haiN| para AcArya 1. yogazAstra 4 / 111. 2. Adi purANa 21 / 96-99. 3. aNuvekkhAhi evaM jo attANaM sadA vibhAvedi / so nigadasavvakammo vimalo vimalAlayaM lahUdi || mUlAcAra 8 74. 4. adbhuvamasaraNa megattamaNNa saMsAraloyamasuittaM / Asava saMvaraNijjara dhammaM bodhi va citijjo / vahI 5/206, 82, bhagavatI A0 1715, bArasa aNuvekkhA 2.

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232 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana umAsvAmI ke tattvArthasUtra meM ina bAraha anuprekSAoM ke krama meM antara hai|' ina anuprekSAoM kA svarUpa isa prakAra hai 1. adhruvAnuprekSA--adhruva se tAtparya anitya-azAzvata hai| isa saMsAra meM saba padArtha anitya haiM- isa prakAra kA cintana adhUvAnuprakSA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM sthAna, Asana, Rddhi-ityAdi se prApta sukha, mAtA-pitA Adi svajanoM ke sAtha rahane se hone vAlA sukha tathA indriya, rUpa, yauvana, jIvana, bala Adi saba anitya haiM-isa taraha kA cintana karanA adhruva hai| isake cintana se ina sabhI ke prati mamatva yA Asakti ke bhAva dUra hote haiM tAki inake viyoga-kAla meM kiJcit mAtra bhI santApa nahIM hotaa| kyoMki yaha tathya hai ki yaha zarIra, indriya-viSaya tathA bhogopabhoga ke jitane bhI sAdhana haiM ve saba jala ke bulabule ke samAna kSaNika aura viyukta hone vAle haiM / ataH ina sabake prati mahAmoha ko tyAgane tathA saba indriya viSayoM ko kSaNabhaMgura samajhane aura mana ko niviSaya rakhane se uttama sukha prApta hotA hai| 2. azaraNAnuprekSA-janma, jarA aura maraNa se pIDita jIva kA isa saMsAra meM koI zaraNa nahIM hai| isa prakAra kA cintana azaraNa-anuprekSA hai / vastutaH maraNAsanna vyakti ko indra, deva, maMtra, auSadhi, vidyA, nIti, svajana, rAjA, hAthI, ghor3A, sainika, Adi koI bhI nahIM bacA sakatA / dharma ko chor3a koI dUsarA usakA zaraNa nahIM hai / samyagdarzana, jJAna aura cAritra zaraNa haiM / saMsAra meM bhramaNa karate hue jIvoM ko inake sivAya anya zaraNa na hone se parama zraddhA ke sAtha inakA pAlana karanA caahie| isa anuprakSA ke cintana se saMsAra ke prati mamattva bhAva dUra hokara eka mAtra dharma kI zaraNa ke prati pUrNa AsthA banI rahatI hai| 3. ekatvAnuprekSA-isa saMsAra meM maiM akelA hI janma letA hU~, akelA hI maraNa ko prApta hoU~gA, na mere sAtha koI AtA hai aura na maraNa ke samaya koI sAtha jAtA hai / maiM svayaM hI apane acche-bure karmoM kA phala pAtA huuN| mere sukha1. anityA'zaraNa-saMsAraikatvA'nyatvA'zucyA''srava-saMvara-nirjarAloka bodhidurlabha dharmasvAkhyAtattvAnu cintanamanuprekSAH ta0 sU0 9 / 7. 2. mUlAcAra 8 / 2-4, anagAra dharmAmRta 6 / 58-59, bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1716-1718. 3. sarvArthasiddhi 9 / 7. kArtikeyAnuprekSA 22. 4. mUlAcAra 85-6, bArasa aNuvekkhA 8, anagAra dharmAmRta 6 / 60-61. 5. kAti0 anu0 30, bhaga0 A0 1746.

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uttaraguNa : 233 'duHkha kA kartA-hartA koI anya nahIM hai isa taraha kA cintana ekatvAnuprekSA hai / "yaha AtmA akelA hI zubhAzubha karma bAMdhatA hai, akelA hI anAdi saMsAra meM bhramaNa karatA hai, akelA hI janma aura maraNa ko prApta karatA hai aura akele hI karmaphala bhogatA hai|' duHkhI jIva svajana aura parijana ke bIca duHkha sahatA huA "mRtyu ko prApta ho jAtA hai, bhavAntara taka usakA koI sAtha nahIM detaa| svayaM hI apane zubhAzubha karmoM ko bhogatA huA dIrgha saMsAra meM ghUmatA rahatA hai-isa taraha ekatva kA cintana karanA ekatvAnuprakSA hai / 2 ekatva bhAvanA ke cintana se kAmabhoga meM, ziSyAdi ke samUha rUpa gaNa yA saMgha meM, zarIra athavA sukha meM Asakti nahIM hotI apitu vairAgya meM mana ramAye hue sarvotkRSTa cAritra-dharma ko dhAraNa kiye rahatA hai| 4. anyatvAnuprekSA-zarIra se anyatva kA cintana karanA arthAt mAtA'pitA, svajana ora sambandhIjana sabhI apanI AtmA se bhinna haiN| ye baMdhu-bAMdhava ihaloka meM sAthI rahate hue bhI paraloka taka hamAre sAtha nahIM jAte / loga eka dUsare ke viSaya meM zoka karate haiM, apane viSaya meM nahIM karate ki "maiM saMsAra samudra meM DUba rahA hU~"-isa taraha kA cintana anyatvAnuprekSA hai| zarIra aura bAhya padArthoM se apane ko bhinna cintavana karanA ki jaba maiM isa zarIra taka se bhI bhinna hUM taba anya bAhya padArtha kaise mere ho sakate haiM ? aisI bhAvanA anyatva anuprakSA hai| 5. saMsArAnuprekSA-karma-vipAka ke vaza se AtmA ko bhavAntara kI prApti honA saMsAra hai / isakA svarUpa-cintana saMsArAnuprekSA hai| yaha AtmA jalacara, thalacara aura nabhacara-ina tiryannoM tathA manuSya, deva Adi gatiyoM meM utpanna hokara sahasroM duHkha pAtA hai-isa prakAra kA cintana karanA bhI saMsArAnuprekSA hai| kyoMki saMsAra ke vividha prakAra hote hue, nAnAvidha dukha hI inakA sthira sAra hai / ataH saMsAra kA svarUpa samajhate hue, usake sAra rahitapane guNa ko - - 1. bArasa aNuvekkhA 14. 2. mUlAcAra 818-9. 3. eyatta bhAvaNAe Na kAmabhoge gaNe sarIre vA / sajjai veraggamaNo phAsedi aNuttaraM dhammaM / / bhagavatI ArAdhanA 202. 4. zarIrAdanyatvacintanamanyatvAnuprakSA-sarvArthasiddhi 9 / 7 / 803 pR0 317. "5. mUlAcAra 8 / 10-11. 6. sarvArthasiddhi 97. 57. mUlAcAra 8 / 16.

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234 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana acchI taraha samajha lenA caahie|' aise cintana se sAMsArika duHkhoM ke bhaya se udvignatA utpanna ho jAtI hai taba vaha jIva saMsAra-nAza kI ora prayatnazIla hotA hai| 6. lokAnuprekSA-loka ke AkAra-prakAra tathA usake svarUpa kA anucintana karanA lokAnuprakSA hai| yathA-yaha loka akRtrima, anAdinidhana aura svabhAva niSpanna hai / jIva aura ajIva padArthoM se yaha pUrNa bharA huA tathA hamezA sthita rahane se nitya hai / tAlavRkSa ke samAna AkAra hai| jIva aura pudgaloM kI gati aura agati jahA~ taka hai utanA loka hai, usake bAda alokAkAza hai| dharma aura adharmadravya lokAkAza pramANa haiM / isa loka meM jIva svakarmopArjita sukha-dukhoM kA anubhava karatA huA isI ananta saMsAra meM punaH punaH janma-maraNa dhAraNa karatA hai / ataH yaha loka dIrghagamana yukta nissAra hai / lokAna-zikhara para nivAsa hI sukhakara hai-aisA cintana lokAnuprekSA hai / isa anuprekSA ke cintana se tattvajJAna meM vizuddhi hotI hai| 7. azuci (azubha) anuprekSA-isa anuprekSA ke antargata yaha cintana kiyA jAtA hai ki narakoM meM sarvadA azubha, tiryaca meM bandhana, avarodhAdi tathA manuSyoM meM roga-zokAdi bane hI rahate haiN| deva taka mAnasika rUpa se asantuSTa aura azubha hote haiM / kAma kI cAha duHkha-vipAkI (bandhanAdi prApta karAne vAlI) hai / artha, kAma aura zarIra-ye azubha-paramparA ke kAraNa hone se sabhI azuci rUpaH haiN| zarIra to aneka durgandha padArthoM se bharA huA hai| tathA azuci padArthoM kA to yaha zarIra ghara hI hai / ataH Atma kalyANa karane vAle jinendradeva dvArA kathita jinadharma ko chor3a saba azubha hai-isa taraha kA cintana karanA caahie| isa prakAra ke cintana se zarIra ke prati nirveda ho jAne se jIva mukti prApti meM citta lagAtA hai|" 8. AsravAnuprekSA-Asrava ke doSoM kA cintavana AsravAnuprekSA hai / rAga, dveSa, moha, paMcendriya bhoga, AhAra, saMjJA, gArava, kaSAyeM-inase karmoM kA Asrava hotA hai / hiMsA Adi pA~ca pApa to karmAgama ke sAkSAt pA~ca dvAra ho haiM / jaise naukA meM cheda ho jAne para usameM pAnI bhara jAtA hai aura vaha samudra meM DUba jAtI 1. mUlAcAra, 8 / 19. 2. sarvArthasiddhi 97 / 803. 3. mUlAcAra 8 / 21-28. 4. mUlAcAra 8 / 30-36. 5. sarvArthasiddhi 974804 pR0 317.

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uttaraguNa : 235. hai / vaise hI yaha AtmA nizcaya hI karmoM kA Asrava hone se vinAza ko prApta hotA huA gatirUpI samudra meM (gote lagAtA huA) DUbA rahatA hai / ataH indriya, kaSAya aura avrata Adi mahAnadI ke pravAha kI taraha atitIkSNa haiM, ihaloka aura paraloka meM duHkhadAyI haiN| isa prakAra kA cintana karanA AsravAnuprekSA hai ataH isakA cintana karate hue zramaNa ko sAmyabhAva meM lIna rahanA caahie|' isa cintana se jIva ke kSamAdi dharma meM kalyANabuddhi kA tyAga nahIM hotaa| kachue ke samAna jisane apanI AtmA ko saMvRta kara liyA hai usake Asrava-doSa. nahIM hote| 9. saMvarAnuprekSA-indriya, kaSAya, saMjJA, gArava aura rAgAdi-Asrava ke ina sampUrNa kAraNoM ko rokanA saMvara hai, tathA saMvara ke guNoM kA punaH punaH cintana saMvarAnuprekSA hai / saMvara kA phala nirvANa hai| saMvara ke do bheda haiM-dravya aura bhAva / karmoM ke Agamana kA rokanA dravyasaMvara hai tathA bhava-bhramaNa kI kAraNabhUta kriyAoM kA tyAga karanA bhAvasaMvara hai / " uttama-kSamA Adi saMvara ke upAya haiN| saMvara aura samAdhi se yukta hokara vizuddhAtmApUrvaka nitya saMvara kA cintana karane se jIva meM saMvara ke prati nirantara udyatatA tathA saMvara ke kAraNoM meM AsthA banI rahane se mokSa phala kI prApti hotI hai| 10. nirjarAnuprekSA-Asrava ke kAraNoM kA nirodha tathA tapazcaraNa karanA nirjarA hai / isake svarUpa kA cintana nirjarAnuprekSA hai| isake do bheda haiM - prathama karmakadezanirjarA arthAt saMsAra meM ghamane vAle jIvoM ke karmoM kI kSayopazamarUpa nirjarA / dvitIya sakalanirjarA arthAt tapa ke dvArA karmoM kI vipula nirjarA / sarvArthasiddhi meM kahA hai ki vedanA vipAka arthAt phala dekara karmoM ke jhar3a jAne ko nirjarA kahate haiN| isake do bheda haiM-abuddhipUrvaka aura kuzalamUlA / narakAdi vividha gatiyoM meM karmaphala ke vipAka se arthAt phala kAla ke 1. mUlAcAra 8 / 37-45. 2. sarvArthasiddhi 9 / 7 / 805 pR0 318. 3. mUlAcAra 846. 4. saMvaraphalaM tu NivvANaM-vahI, 8151. 5. yogazAstra 480. 6. mUlAcAra 8151. 7. sarvArthasiddhi 97. 8. mUlAcAra 8154. 9. vahI 855.

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236 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana "prApta hone para jo nirjarA hotI hai vaha abuddhipUrvaka yA akuzalAnubandhA nirjarA hai / yaha saba prANiyoM ke hotI hai| kintu parISaha ke jItane tathA tapazcaryA ke nimitta se phalakAla ke binA prApta hue svodaya yA parodaya se jo karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai vaha kuzalamUlA nirjarA hai / vaha zubhAnubandhA tathA niranubandhA hotI hai| isa prakAra nirjarA ke guNa-doSa kA vicAra karanA nirjarAnuprekSA hai|' aisA vicAra karane se jIva kI pravRtti tapazcaryA kI ora hotI hai| kahA bhI hai kiAtma dhyAna se karmoM kI nirjarA tathA janma, jarA, maraNa Adi sabhI se mukti milatI hai / isa taraha mana se karma nirjarA kA cintana karanA caahie| 11. dharmAnaprekSA-vihita dharmoM ke pAlana se karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai| aura isI se dayA, kSamA Adi dharmoM kA udaya hotA hai| inhIM dharmoM kA cintana dharmAnuprekSA hai / kSamA, mArdava Adi dasa dharma hai / inakI bhAvanA se upazama, dayA kSAnti aura vairAgya Adi guNa jIva meM jaise-jaise bar3hate haiM vaise hI use sadyaH akSaya mokSa-sukha kI prApti hotI hai / jarA aura maraNa ke teja pravAha meM bahata-DUbate hue prANiyoM ke lie dharma hI dvIpa pratiSThA, gati tathA uttama zaraNa hai| jo prANI isa loka meM kalyANa kI paramparA aura paramasaukhya kI prApti karanA cAhatA hai use jinopadiSTa dharma para zraddhA aura usa para AcaraNa karanA caahie| kyoMki AcArya pUjyapAda ne kahA hai ki jinendradeva ne jo ahiMsA lakSaNa dharma kahA hai-satya usakA AvAra, vinaya usakI jar3a, kSamA usakA bala tathA vaha brahmacarya se rakSita hai / upazama kI usameM pradhAnatA hai, niyati usakA lakSaNa tathA parigraha rahitapanA usakA Alambana hai / aise dharmalAbha se nAnA prakAra ke abhyudayoM kI prAptipUrvaka mokSa kI prApti honA nizcita hai-aisA cintana karanA dharmasvAkhyAtatvAnuprekSA hai / isa prakAra ke cintana se jIva kA dharma meM anurAga bar3hatA hai| 1. sarvArthasiddhi 9 / 7 / 807 tathA tattvArthasUtra pRSTha 421. (paM0 phUlacanda zAstrI dvArA sampAdita) 2. mUlAcAra 8 / 59. 3. yogazAstra 4 / 92-93. 4. mUlAcAra 8162-63, 1115. 5. uttarAdhyayana 23 / 68. 6. mUlAcAra 8 / 61. 7. sarvArthasiddhi 9 / 7 / 810.

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uttaraguNa : 237. 12. bodhidurlabhAnuprekSA-karmoM ke kSaya ke lie manuSyatva, zruti, zraddhA evaM saMyama-ina cAra durlabha tatvoM kA Azraya lenA tathA inakA anucintana karanA bodhidurlabha hai / ' bodhi kA artha hai jisa upAya se samyagjJAna utpanna hotA hai, usa upAya kI cintA krnaa|2 samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ko bhI bodhi kahate haiN| yahA~ darzanabodhi kA artha darzana-prApti kI upAya cintA evaM jJAnabodhi se tAtparya jJAna prApti kI upAyacintA tathA cAritrabodhi kA artha caritraprApti kI upAyacintA phalita hotA hai| inakI durlabhatA kA vicAra karanA bodhidurlabhAnuprekSA hai / zreSTha deza, kula, janma, Ayu, Arogya, vIrya, vinaya, zravaNa, grahaNa, mati tathA dhAraNA-ye sabhI jaba uttarottara durlabha haiM, taba to bodhi kI ati durlabhatA svayaM siddha hai| phira bhI jo usa bodhi prApti meM pramAda karatA hai vaha kApuruSa durgatiyoM ko prApta hotA hai / 3 sarvArthasiddhi meM kahA hai ki isa prakAra ati kaThinatA se prApta hone yogya usa dharma ko prApta kara viSayasukha meM ramamANa honA, bhasma ke lie candana ko jalAne ke samAna niSphala hai / kadAcit viSayasukha se virakta huA to bhI isake lie tapa kI bhAvanA, dharma kI prabhAvanA aura sukhapUrvaka maraNarUpa samAdhi ko prApta honA atidurlabha hai / isake hone para hI bodhilAbha saphala hai-aisA vicAra karanA bodhidurlabhAnuprekSA hai / isa prakAra cintana se jIva bodhi ko prApta kara kabhI bhI pramAda nahIM krtaa| bhava-bhaya kI mathanI, vistRta guNoM kI AdhArabhUta bodhi prApta kara lene para usameM pramAda karanA yogya nahIM hotaa|" bodhi rUpa samyaktva ke tIna bheda hai-upazama samyaktva, kSAyika samyaktva aura kSAyopazama samyaktva / inheM prApta karake bhavya jIva tapa aura saMyama ke dvArA akSaya sukha pA sakatA hai|' isa prakAra ina bAraha anuprekSAoM ke cintana se zramaNa apane vairAgyamaya jIvana ko sudRr3ha banAtA hai / isalie inheM saMvara kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai / kyoMki adhruva Adi anuprekSAoM kA sAnidhya milane para uttama kSamA Adi dharma ke dhAraNa karane se mahAn saMvara hotA hai / 1. uttarAdhyayana 3 / 1. 2. bArasa aNuvekkhA 83. 3. mUlAcAra 8 / 66,69. 4. sarvArthasiddhi 974809 pR0 319. 5. mUlAcAra 8168. 6. vahI 8170.

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-238 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana zIla : sAmAnyaH zIla kA artha svabhAva yA prakRti hai / ahiMsAdi mahAvratoM ko * jinake dvArA rakSA hotI hai ve guNa zIla kahe jAte haiM / ' paMcendriya viSayoM se virakta honA bhI zIla hai / jIva dayA, indriyadamana, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya, samyagdarzana, jJAna aura tapa-- - ye saba zIla ke parivAra haiM aura aisA zIla mokSa mahala kI sIr3hI mAnA gayA hai / vastutaH manuSya kI mana, vacana aura kAya sambandhI pratyeka kriyA kA sambandha zIla ke sAtha hai / vizuddha bhAvoM se kisI kArya meM pravRtta honA sadAcAra yA zIla hai | cAritra ko dharma kahA hai ise hI hama zIla bhI kaha sakate haiM kyoMki - indriya viSayoM se virakta vyakti hI cAritravAn yA zIlavAn kahA jAtA hai / cAritra tatvajJAna se puSTa hotA hai / zIla ke binA jJAna nahIM hotA aura jJAna ke binA zIla meM pravRti nahIM hotI / sIlapAhuDa meM kahA hai: zIla ke binA indriyoM ke viSaya jJAna kA nAza kara dete haiM isIlie zIla aura jJAna kA virodha nahIM hai / kyoMki zreyas aura azreyas ke vivekajJAna se naSTa karake zIlavAn bana jAtA hai tathA zIla prApti rUpa ' (sampUrNa cAritra) ko prApta karake vaha nirvANa (mokSa) ko prApta karatA hai / zubha yoga meM pravRtti, azubha yoga se nivRtti tathA AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura - parigraha -- ina cAra saMjJAoM se rahita, paMcendriya nigraha, kAyasaMyama tathA uttama- kSamAdi dasa dharmoM kA pAlana - ye saba zIla ke bheda haiM" / isa taraha ---- yoga, kAraNa, saMjJA, indriya tathA pRthvIkAya Adi jIva aura kSamAdi dharmoM kA paraspara * guNana karane para zIla ke aTThAraha hajAra bheda hote haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM jIva duHzIloM ko phala se abhyudaya mana, vacana, kAya kI zubha pravRtti rUpa tIna zubhayoga kA mana, vacana aura kAya rUpa tIna azubhayoga kI nivRtti rUpa karaNa se guNita karane para (3 x 3 = 9) nau bheda hue / inameM AhAra Adi cAra saMjJA-virata kA guNA karane para ( 9x4 = 36) chattIsa bheda hue / inameM pA~ca indriya-virodha se guNita karane 1. zIlaM vrata parirakSaNaM - mUlAcAra vRtti 11 / 1 . 2. sIla pAhuDa 40, 19, 20. 3. vahI 2. 4. seyA seyavidaNhU udghadadussIla sIlavaM hodi / sIlaphaleNabbhudayaM tatto puNa lahadi NivvANaM / / mUlAcAra 10 / 13. 5. mUlAcAra vRtti sahita 11 / 1. 6. joe karaNe saNNA indiya bhommAdi samaNadhamme ya / torture abhatthA aTThArahasIlasahassAiM / vahI 11 / 2.

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uttaraguNa : 239 'para (3645 = 180) eka sau assI bheda hue| inameM pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, pratyeka vanaspati, sAdhAraNa vanaspati, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura paMcendriya-ina dasa jIvoM ke prati dasa prakAra ke saMyama kA guNA karane para (180x 10 = 1800) eka hajAra ATha sau bheda hue / punaH isameM uttama kSamAdi dasa dharmoM kA guNA karane para (1800x10 = 18000) zIla ke aTThAraha hajAra bheda hue|' isa taraha tIna yoga, tIna karaNa, cAra saMjJAyeM, pA~ca indriya, dasa pRthvIkAyika Adi jIva ke bheda aura dasa zramaNadharma-ina sabakA paraspara guNA karane para zIla ke aThAraha hajAra bheda siddha hote haiM / vaTTakera ne zIloM kA utpattikrama isa prakAra batAyA hai-jisane mana ko vaza meM kiyA hai ataH mana ke azubha karaNa se rahita, zuddha mana se yukta prathama AhAra saMjJA se rahita, prathama sparzendriya ko jItane vAle, pRthvIkAyika jIvoM ke prati saMyamI, kSamAdharma se yukta zramaNa vizuddha cAritrayukta prathama zola meM dRr3ha rahate haiM / isI taraha dvitIya, tRtIya zIla meM kramazaH Age bar3hate hue 18000 zIloM meM dRr3ha banatA hai| isa prakAra jo zramaNa ina zIloM kA yathArthatA se pAlana karatA hai vaha sabhI kalyANoM ko prApta karatA hai| kyoMki zIla kA artha grahIta vratoM kI rakSA karanA bhI hai| 1. mUlAcAra 11 // 2-5. 2. vahI 11 // 6-7. 3. vahI 11 / 26.

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caturtha adhyAya AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra

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caturtha adhyAya AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra-ye zramaNAcAra kI tIna mahattvapUrNa caryAya haiM / eka ora jahA~ mUlaguNa evaM uttaraguNa sampUrNa zrAmaNya kI kasoTI banakara unakI saMyama yAtrA ke lakSya ko prApta karAne meM apanA mahattvapUrNa yoga karate haiM, vahIM AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra-ye carcAyeM unake bAhya jIvana, sampUrNa vyaktitva evaM anyAnya una sabhI kAryoM ko vizuddhatA evaM samagratA pradAna karatI hai jinakA sIdhA sambandha AtmotkarSa meM sahayoga tathA sacce zrAmaNya kI pahacAna se hai / AcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai ki deza, kAla, zrama, ama (sahanazakti) aura upadhi (zarIrAdi rUpa parigraha) ko acchI taraha jAnakara zramaNa AhAra evaM vihAra meM pravRtta hotA hai / yadyapi isameM bhI use alpa-karmabaMdha hotA hai|' kintu itanA avazya hai ki zramaNa cAhe bAlaka ho athavA vRddha athavA tapasyA yA mArga (paidala AvAgamana) ke zrama se khinna (thakA huA) athavA rogAdi se pIDita, vaha apane yogya usa prakAra kI caryA kA AcaraNa kara sakatA hai, jisameM 'mUla saMyama' kA ghAta (hAni) na ho| isIliye isa loka se nira'pekSa, paraloka kI AkAMkSA evaM Antarika kaSAya se rahita hokara 'yuktaAhAra-vihAra' honA caahie| kyoMki zramaNa kA cAritra, tapazcaraNa evaM saMyama Adi kA acchI taraha se pAlana usako AhAra-caryA kI vizuddhatA para nirbhara hai| isI taraha samitipUrvaka vizuddha vihAra-caryA dvArA bhI vaha zramaNa ratnatraya prApti kA abhyAsa, zAstrakozala evaM samAdhimaraNa ke yogya kSetra tathA jana-jana ke kalyANa kI bhAvanA rUpa lakSya ko sahaja hI prApta kara letA hai tathA AhAravihAra evaM bAhya jIvana ke vividha vyavahAra-kAryoM yA kriyAoM meM viveka rakhakara -sva-para kalyANa meM sadA pravRtta bane rahate haiM / isa prakAra zramaNa jIvana meM ina tIna caryAoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / yahA~ ina tInoM kA kramazaH vivecana prastuta hai1. AhAre va vihAre desaM kAlaM samaM khamaM uvadhi / jANittA te samaNo vaTTadi jadi appalekI so|| pravacanasAra 3131. 2. bAlo vA buDDho vA samabhihado vA puNo gilANo vA / cariyaM carau sajoggaM mUlacchedaM jaghA Na havadi // vahI 3 / 30. 3. vahI 3 / 26.

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AhAracaryA zramaNAcAra ke prasaMga meM zramaNoM kI AhAracaryA aura usakI vizuddhatA kA vizeSa mahattva hai / cU~ki AhAra jIvana ke lie anivArya hai kintu pratyeka vyakti kA AhAra, isakA prakAra evaM uddezya Adi vibhinna pakSa usa vyakti ke AcAravicAra evaM vyavahAra Adi usake vyaktitva ke vibhinna pahaluoM ko prabhAvita karate haiM / isalie zramaNAcAra viSayaka sampUrNa vAGmaya meM AhAracaryA ke viSaya meM samagratA se citana dekhane ko milatA hai, vaise usake pratipAdana kA mukhya uddezya AhAra - viveka ko sUkSmatA se vizleSita karanA hai / vastutaH zramaNa ke mUlaguNa aura uttaraguNoM ke bIca bhikSAcaryA ko 'mUlayoga' kahA gayA hai / ' cAritra, tapazcaraNa aura saMyama kI vizuddhatA - ye saba AhAracaryA kI vizuddhatA para nirbhara karate haiM / ataH yaha AhAra - viveka samagra sAdhanA kA eka pradhAna aMga bhI hai jisakI upekSA karake sAdhanA ke kSetra meM nirvighna Age nahIM bar3ha sakatA / AcArya vaTTakera ne apane mUlAcAra grantha ke 'piNDazuddhi' nAmaka chaThe adhikAra meM AhAracaryA kA svataMtra evaM sUkSma vizleSaNa prastuta kiyA hai / isake sAtha hI prAyaH isa sampUrNa grantha meM prasaMgAnusAra yatra-tatra AhAra vizuddhi kA yathocita pratipAdana evaM AhAra-viveka ke viSaya meM nirantara sAvadhAna bane rahane ko kahA hai| kyoMki jo zramaNa jisa kisI sthAna para zuddha - azuddha rUpa meM cAhe . jaisA upalabdha piNDa (AhAra) tathA upadhi Adi ko zodhana kiye binA grahaNa kara letA hai, vaha zramaNa - guNa ( zrAmaNya ) se rahita hokara saMsAra ko bar3hA vAlA hai / cirakAla se dIkSita zramaNa bhI yadi AhAra zuddhi kA dhyAna nahIM rakhatA taba usa tapa, saMyama aura cAritravihIna zramaNa kI Avazyaka kriyAyeM bhI kaise zuddha raha sakatI haiM ? aisA zramaNa to loka meM mulasthAna (gRhastha - bhAva) ko 1. jogesu mUlajogaM bhikkhAcariyaM ca vaNNiyaM sutte / to 2. jo jattha jahA laddhaM gehadi AhAramuvadhimAdIyaM / puNo jogA. viSNANavihINaehi kayA / / mUlAcAra 10 / 46. samaNaguNamukkajogI 3. vahI savRtti 10 / 26. saMsArapavaDDhao hoi / / vahI 10 / 40.

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" AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra : 245 prApta zrAmaNyatuccha arthAt zrAmaNyaguNavihIna kahalAtA hai / " AhAra ke lie 'piNDa' zabda kA tathA " AhAra zuddhi" ke lie 'piNDa zuddhi kA prayoga prAyaH jaina sAhitya meM milatA hai / piNDa zabda piDi saMghAte dhAtu se banA hai / sAmAnya anvartha kI dRSTi se sajAtIya yA vijAtIya Thosa vastuoM ke ekatrita hone ko piNDa kahate haiM / kintu zramaNAcAra ke prasaMga meM azana, pAna, khAdya aura svAdya - ina cAroM prakAra ke AhAra ko "piNDa" zabda se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai / mUlAcAravRtti meM piNDazuddhi kA AhArazuddhi artha kiyA hai / AhAra : svarUpa aura bheda : " AhAra" kA sAmAnya artha " bhojana" hai AcArya pUjyapAda ne AhAra zabda kI paribhASA meM kahA hai ki tIna zarIra ( audArika, vaikriyika aura AhAraka ) aura chaha paryAptiyoM (AhAra, zarIra, indriya, AnaprANa arthAt zvAsocchavAsa, bhASA aura mana ) ke yogya pudgala vargaNAoM ke grahaNa karane ko 'AhAra' kahate haiM / * vastutaH zarIra ratnatrayarUpI dharma kA mukhya kAraNa hai / ataH piNDa arthAt AhAra- pAna Adi ke dvArA isa zarIra kI sthiti banAye rakhane ke lie isa prakAra kA prayatna karanA cAhie, jisase indriyA~ vaza meM raheM aura anAdikAla se sambaddha tRSNA ke vazIbhUta hokara ve kumArga kI ora na le jAveM / " kyoMki jagat ke sampUrNa prANiyoM ke jIvana kA AdhAra AhAra hai, cAhe vaha kisI bhI rUpa meM kyoM na ho, sabhI prANI apanI-apanI zarIra prakRti ke anurUpa AhAra grahaNa karate haiM / AhAra kI abhilASA (saMjJA ) utpanna hone ke cAra kAraNa haiM - 1. AhAra ke dekhane se, 2. usakI ora upayoga ( mana ) lagAne se, 3. peTa ke khAlI hone se tathA 4. asAtAvedanIya karma kI udaya evaM udIraNA hone se / 1. piMDovadhi sejjAo avisodhiya jo ya bhuMjade samaNo / mUlaTThANaM patto bhuvaNesu have samaNapollo || mUlAcAra 10 / 25. 2. piNDaniryukti gAthA 6. 3. piNDazuddhi mAhArazuddhimiti - mUlAcAravRtti piNDazuddhi adhikAra gAthA 1. 4. trayANAM zarIrANAM SaNNAM paryAptInAM yogyapudgalagrahaNamAhAraH - sarvArthasiddhi 2/30 / 320 pR0 133. 5. anagAra dharmAmRta svopajJa jJAnadIpikA 719 pRSTha 495 6. AhAradaMsaNeNa ya tassuvajogeNa omakoThAe / sAdirudIraNAe havadi hu AhArasaNNA hu | gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 135.

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246 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana / sUtrakRtAMga niyukti meM eSaNIya AhAra grahaNa ke mArgoM kI carcA-prasaMga meM tIna prakAra ke bhAva AhAra batAye haiM' : 1. oja-AhAra-janma ke pUrva mAtA ke garbha meM sarvaprathama gRhIta (liyA jAne vAlA) AhAra jo kevala zarIra piNDa dvArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| 2. roma-AhAra-jo tvacA yA roma-kUpa dvArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai jaise havA Adi / 3. prakSepa (prakSipta) AhAra-jo mukha jihvAdi dvArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / mUlAcAra tathA anya AcArazAstra ke prAyaH anya sabhI jaina granthoM meM AhAra ke cAra bheda kiye haiM-1. azana, 2. pAna, 3. khAdya aura 4. svAdya / inameM jo bhUkha ko miTAtA hai vaha azana hai jaise bhAta-dAla Adi / jo dasa prakAra ke prANoM para anugraha karatA hai, unheM jIvana detA hai vaha pAna yA peya hai jaise jaladUdha Adi / jo rasa pUrvaka khAyA jAtA hai vaha khAdya yA khAdima hai jaise laDDU, pUr3I, phala Adi / tathA jo AsvAdayukta hotA hai vaha svAdya hai jaise-lauMga, ilAyacI, supAr3I Adi / 2 mUlAcAra ne isa vibhAjana ko paryAyArthika naya kI saMjJA dete hue kahA hai ki yoM to AhAra ke upayukta cAra bheda haiM, kintu dravyAthika naya kI apekSA se sabhI AhAra azana hai. sabhI AhAra pAna hai, sabhI khAdya aura sabhI svAdya haiM / 3 hasta-pAtra meM AhAra-grahaNa ke prasaMga me to AhAra meM grAhya padArthoM kA vibhAjana aura bhI vistRta kara diyA gayA hai-1. azana arthAt cAvala (bhAta), dAla Adi, 2. pAna arthAt dugdha, jala Adi, 3. khAdya arthAt laDDU, pUr3I Adi, 4. bhojya arthAt bhakSya (maMDakAdi), 5. lehya arthAt AsvAdya, 6. peya arthAt stoka-bhaktapAnabahula / sUtrakRtAMga niyukti kA vibhAjana AhAra-grahaNa ke mArgoM para AdhArita hai| kintu bRhatkalpabhASya meM anna ke jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa tIna bheda batAye gaye haiM / inameM jaghanya anna ke antargata AhAra ke tIna bheda hai5-1. antAhAra 1. bhAvAhAro tiviho oe lome ya pakkheva-sUtrakRtAMga niyukti 2 / 3 / 1 / 20. 2. asaNaM khuhappasamaNaM pANANamuNuggahaM tahA pANaM / / khAdaMti khAdiyaM puNa sAdaMti ya sAdiyaM bhaNiyaM / / mUlAcAra 7 / 147, ana gAra-dharmAmRta 7 / 13 pR0 498. 3. vahI 7 / 148. 4. asaNaM jadi vA pANaM khajaM bhojaM ca lijja pejjaM vA / paDilehiUNa suddhaM bhuMjaMti pANipattesu // mUlAcAra vRttisahita 9 / 54. 5. bRhatkalpabhASya 1363.

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AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra : 247 bAla (gehU~), canA Adi, 2. prAntAhAra-svabhAvataH rasahIna, niHsattva dravya aura 3. rUkSAhAra-pUrNataH snehavihIna AhAra / pramukha granthoM ke AdhAra para sabhI prakAra ke AhAroM ko cAra bhedoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai-1. karmAhArAdi, 2. khAdyAdi 3. kAMjI Adi aura 4. pAnakAdi / ina cAroM ke antargata kina-kina AhAroM ko antarbhUta kiyA jA sakatA hai unheM nimnalikhita vibhAjana evaM cArTa ke mAdhyama se dikhAyA gayA hai|' AhAra 1. karmAhArAdi 2. khAdyAdi 3. kAMjI Adi 4. pAnakAdi karmAhAra azana kAMjI svaccha nokarmAhAra pAna AcAmla bahala kavalAhAra khAdya yA bhakSya belar3I levar3a lepyAhAra lehya ekalaTAnA alevar3a ojAhAra svAdya sasiktha mAnasAhAra asiktha AhAra grahaNa kA uddezya : ___ Atma kalyANa ke nimitta ghara, parivAra, sUkhapUrNa sAMsArika vaibhava, samasta bhogopabhoga ke sAdhana Adi kA tyAga kara zramaNaveza dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai / ataH Atma-kalyANa ke icchuka sAdhakoM ke AhAra-grahaNa kA uddezya bhI saMyamayAtrA kI siddhi hetu zarIra-sthiti banAe rakhanA hai, kyoMki usakA sAdhana zarIra hai / mUlAcArakAra ke anusAra bala, Ayu, zarIra, teja-ina sabakI vRddhi aura svAda ke uddezya se zramaNa AhAra nahIM karate apitu ve jJAna, saMyama, aura dhyAna kI sAdhanA ke nimitta AhAra-grahaNa karate haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM kahA hai ki bhikSAjIvI muni saMyama-jIvana kI yAtrA ke lie AhAra kI gaveSaNA kare kintu rasoM meM mUcchita na bneN| bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA hai ki prAsuka (nirdoSa) AhAra karatA huA sAdhu Ayukarma ko chor3akara zeSa sAta karmoM ke bandhanoM ko DhIlA karatA hai 1. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 1 pRSTha 299. 2. Na balAusAuaThaM Na sarIrassuvacayaThTha tejaTheM / gANaTTha saMjamaThaM jhANaTheM ceva bhujejjo // mUlAcAra 6162. 3. (ka) jattAsAghaNamettaM-vahI 6164. (kha) bhuMjaMti muNI pANadhAraNaNimittaM-vahI 9 / 49. 4. uttarAdhyayana 8 / 11.

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248 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ataH unakA AhAra karanA niravadya evaM saMyama ko puSTa karane vAlA hai| isI lie jJAtAdharmakathA meM kahA hai ki zramaNa zarIra ke dvArA jJAna-darzana-cAritra kA parivahana karane evaM mokSa-prApti ke lie hI AhAra-grahaNa karate haiM na ki zarIra ko moTA-tAjA banAne ke lie| vastutaH samyak darzana-jJAna aura cAritra-isa ratnatraya rUpa dharma kA Adha sAdhana zarIra hI hai, jise bhojana-pAna-zayanAdi ke dvArA sthita rakhanA par3atA hai / kintu isa dizA meM utanI hI pravRtti honI cAhie jisase ki indriyA~ apaneapane adhIna banI raheM / rayaNasAra ke anusAra jo sAdhu jJAna aura saMyama kI vRddhi ke lie tathA dhyAna aura adhyayana ke nimitta yathAlAbha bhojana grahaNa karatA hai vaha sAdhu mokSa-mArga meM rata hai| AhAra-grahaNa aura tyAga ke kAraNa : mUlAcAra meM AhAra grahaNa ke chaha kAraNa ullikhita haiM-(1) vedanA (kSudhA zAnti), (2) vaiyAvRtya, (3) kriyArtha (SaDAvazyakAdi kriyAoM kA pAlana) (4) saMyamArtha, (5) prANacintA (prANoM kI rakSA) tathA (6) dhrmcintaa| ina chaha kAraNoM ke lie jo yati azana, khAdya, lehya aura peya-ye cAra prakAra ke AhAra grahaNa karatA hai vaha cAritra dharma kA pAlana karane vAlA hai| .. __AhAra-tyAga ke bhI chaha kAraNa hai-(1) AtaMka (Akasmika vyAdhi, jvara Adi hone), (2) upasarga, (3) brahmacarya gupti kI titikSA (surakSA), (4) prANidayA, (5) tapa tathA (6) zarIra-parityAga-ina chaha kAraNoM meM se kisI eka ke bhI upasthita hone para vaha AhAra kA tyAga bhI karatA hai to vaha dharmopArjana hI hai / vasunandi ne kahA hai ki AhAra-tyAga ke kAraNa upasthita hone para bhale hI kSudhA-vedanAdi AhAra-grahaNa ke kAraNa upasthita hoM to bhI AhAra-tyAga kara denA caahie| 1. bhagavatI sUtra 119 sUtra 438 (aMgasuttANi bhAga 2. pR0 73). 2. jJAtAdharmakathA a0 2 tathA 8. 3. rayaNasAra 107. 4. veyaNavejjAvacce kiriyAThAe ya saMjamaTThAe / tadha pANadhamaciMtA kujjA edehiM AhAraM // mUlAcAra 6 / 60. : . 5. Adake uvasagge titikkhaNe bNbhcerguttiio|| pANidayAtavaheU sarIraparihAra vocchedo // vahI 6 / 61. 6. vahI 6 / 59. - 7. mUlAcAravRtti 6 / 61.

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AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra : 249 AhAra grahaNa aura tyAga ke uparyukta chaha-chaha kAraNoM kA ullekha zvetAmbara paramparA ke sthAnAMga tathA uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhI milatA hai / AhAra grahaNa - ke tRtIya kAraNa 'kriyArtha' (kiriyAThAe) ke sthAna para sthAnAMga tathA uttarA-dhyayana meM IrSyA samiti ke zodhana ke lie (iriyaTThAe ) pATha milatA hai / * tathA AhAra tyAga ke antima kAraNa " zarIra parityAga" ke lie AhAra kA vyuccheda ke sthAna para "zarIra viccheda ke lie" ( sarIra-voccheya gaTThAe) pATha milatA hai / " bhikSA (AhAra) caryA ke nAma : sAmAnya rUpa meM bhikSA ke tIna prakAra haiM-- dIna-vRtti, poruSaghnI aura sarva * saMpakarI / anAtha, dIna-hIna aura apaGga vyaktiyoM dvArA majabUrIvaza mA~gakara udarapUrti karane ko dInavRtti bhikSA kahA jAtA hai / zrama karane meM samartha vyakti bhI yadi mA~ga kara khAte haiM to vaha pauruSaghnI bhikSA hai / tathA saMyama ke dhAraka vyakti dvArA ahiMsA mahAvrata ke vizuddha pAlana evaM saMyama yAtrA ke nirvighna - nirvAha ke uddezya se yathAlabdha tathA sahaja-siddha AhAra mAdhukarI Adi vRttiyoM ke dvArA grahaNa karane ko sarva saMpatkarI bhikSA kahate haiM / sarva saMpakarI arthAt muni bhikSA-caryA hI yahA~ pratipAdya viSaya hai / vastutaH guNaratnoM ko DhonevAlI zarIra rUpI gAr3I ke lie samAdhinagara kI ora le jAne kI icchA rakhane vAle zramaNa ko, jaTharAgni kA dAha zamana karane ke nimitta auSadhi kI taraha yA gAr3I meM oMgana dene kI taraha anna Adi AhAra ko binA * svAda ke grahaNa karanA cAhie / isI uddezya se bhramaNa svAda ke lie bhojana - nahIM karate apitu ThaNDA - garama, rUkhA-sUkhA, cikanA athavA vikAra rahita, namaka: rahita yA namaka sahita bhojana asvAda bhAva se karate haiM / ataH zramaNoM kI - 1. veyaNa veyAvacce iriyaTThAe ya saMjamaTThAe / taha pANavattiyAe chaTThe tuNa dhammacintAe || (ka) sthAnAMga 6 / 41. (kha) uttarAdhyayana 26 / 33. AyaMke uvasagge titikkhayA bambhaceraguttIsu / pANidayA tavahe sarIra-voccheyaNaTThAe // ( ka ) sthA0 6 / 42, (kha) uttarAdhyayana 26 / 35. - 2. sarva sampatakarI caikA pauruSaghnI tathAparA / vRttibhikSA ca tattvajJairiti bhikSA trighoditA || hAribhadrIya aSTaka prakaraNa 5.1 (dasavai AliyaM, adhyayana 5 kA Amukha pRSTha 177) 3. tattvArthavArtika 9 / 5 / 6 pR0 594. 4. sIdalamasIdalaM vA sukkaM sukkhaM siddhiM suddhaM vA / loNidamaloNidaM vA bhuMjaMti muNI aNAsAdaM / / mUlAcAra 9148.

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250 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana AhAracaryA yA bhikSAvRtti ke nimnalikhita nAmoM kA ullekha milatA haiudarAgniprazamana, akSamRkSaNa, gocarI, zvabhrapUraNa aura bhrAmarI yA madhukarI vRtti / " anagAra dharmAmRta meM bhikSA-zuddhi ke varNana prasaMga meM ye pA~ca bhikSAzuddhi ke nAma batAye gaye haiM / 1. udarAgni prazamana bhikSAvRtti - isase tAtparya hai ki jitane AhAra se udara (peTa) kI kSudhAgni zAnta ho utanA ho AhAra grahaNa karanA / zarIra ko tapazca-raNAdi ke yogya banAye rakhane ke uddezya se kSudhArUpI agni ko zAnta karane ke lie AhAra grahaNa karanA udarAgni prazamana bhikSAvRtti hai / 2. akSamakSaNa - jaise bailagAr3I Adi vAhanoM ko sugamatA se calAne ke lie usa gAr3I kI dhurI para oMgana ( telAdi se mizrita snigdha padArtha) lagAyA jAtA hai / usI prakAra muni isa zarIra ko Atmasiddhi rUpa dharma kA sAdhana banAye rakhane ke uddezya se prANadhAraNa ke lie AhAra grahaNa karate haiM / kyoMki dharma-sAdhana ke lie prANa aura mokSa prApti ke nimitta dharma dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai / zAntyAcArya ne bhI kahA hai ki jaise gAr3I ke pahie kI dhurI ko bhAra vahana kI dRSTi se cupar3A jAtA hai, vaise hI guNabhAra vahana kI dRSTi se zarIra ko poSaNa de / 4 brahmacArI AhAra kare,. 3. zvabhrapUraNa-- sarasa-nIrasa Adi rUpa AhAra se isa peTarUpI gaDDhe ko bhara lenA zvabhrapUraNa AhAravidhi hai / " ise gartapUraNa bhikSAvRtti bhI kahate haiM / 4. gocarI--jaise gAya kI dRSTi AbhUSaNoM se susajjita sundara yuvatI ke zRGgAra para nahIM apitu usake dvArA lAyI gaI ghAsa para hI rahatI hai, vaise hI sAdhu ko bhI dAtA tathA usake veza evaM bhikSA-sthala kI sajAvaTa Adi ke prati 1. udaraggiyasamaNa - makkhamakkhaNa-goyAra- sabbhapUraNa bhamaraM / NAUNa tappayAre, NiccevaM bhuJjade bhikkhU || 5. 2. anagAra dharmAmRta 6 / 49 pR0 447. 3. akkhomakkhaNamettaM bhuMjaMti muNI pANadhAraNaNimittaM / pANaM dhammaNimittaM dhammaM pi caraMti mokkha || mUlAcAra 9149. 4. jaha sagaDakkho vaMgo korai bharavahaNa kAraNA NavaraM / rayaNasAra 108, cAritrasAra 78, tattvArthavArtika 9 / 6 / 16.. taha guNabhara vahaNatthaM, AhAro baMbhayArINaM // - uttarAdhyayana bRhadvRtti 8|11 patra 294 ( utta0 bhAga 2, pR0 69), tattvArthavArtika 916 / 16 pR0 597. TippaNa

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AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra : 251 yA AhAra ke rUkhe-cikanepana Adi para dhyAna diye binA yA una sabakI apekSA kiye binA AhAra-grahaNa karanA gocarI yA gaveSaNA AhAra vRtti hai|' jinadAsa ne bhI gocarI AhAra vRtti ke viSaya meM isI prakAra kA udAharaNa dete hue kahA hai ki jaise eka yuvA vaNik-strI alaMkRta, vibhUSita ho, sundara vastra dhAraNa kara govatsa ko AhAra detI hai| kintu vaha govatsa usake hAtha se usa AhAra ko grahaNa karatA huA bhI usa strI ke raMga, rUpa, AbharaNAdi ke zabda, gaMdha aura sparza meM mUcchita nahIM hotA hai| isI prakAra sAdhu bhI viSayAdi zabdoM meM amUcchita rahatA huA AhArAdi kI gaveSaNA meM pravRtta ho / haribhadra ne gocara zabda kA artha kiyA hai--gAya kI taraha caranA-bhikSATana karanA / jaise gAya acchI-burI ghAsa kA bheda kiye binA caratI hai / vaise hI sAdhu ko uttama, madhyama aura adhama kula kA bheda na karate hue tathA priyaapriya AhAra meM rAga-dveSa na karate hue bhikSATana karanA cAhie / zvetAmbara paramparA ke hI anya AcAryoM ne bhI kahA hai ki gocara kA artha hai bhramaNa / jisa prakAra gAya zabdAdi viSayoM meM gRddha nahIM hotI huI AhAra grahaNa karatI hai usI prakAra sAdhu bhI viSayoM meM Asakta na hote hue udgama, utpAdana aura eSaNA ke doSoM se rahita bhikSA ke lie bhramaNa karate haiN| isa taraha kI gocara AhAravRtti ko gocarI kahate haiM / digambara tathA zvetAmbara paramparA ke zramaNAcAra viSayaka prAyaH sabhI granthoM meM zramaNa ko AhAra kI 'gaveSaNA' karane ko kahA gayA hai jo gocarI nAmaka bhikSA vRtti kA hI sUcaka hai| kintu Ajakala sAhitya Adi ke zodha-khoja evaM anusandhAna-paraka adhyayana ke artha meM "gaveSaNA" zabda kA prayoga hone lagA hai| jisakA prAcIna mUlarUpa jaina paramparA meM uparyukta artha ke rUpa meM surakSita hai| 5. bhrAmarI-AhAradAtA para bhAra rUpa bAdhA pahuMcAye binA kuzalatA se bhramara kI taraha AhAra grahaNa karanA bhrAmarI vRtti hai| isa prakAra ke AhAra ko bhramarAhAra bhI kahate haiM / jaise bhramara binA mlAna kiye ho druma-puSpoM se thor3A rasa pIkara apane ko tRpta kara letA hai vaise hI loka meM mukta (aparigrahI) zramaNa 1. tattvArthavArtika 9 / 6 / 16 pR0 597. 2. dazavakAlika 5 / 1 / 1 kI jinadAsa kRta cUNi pR0 167-168. 3. dazavakAlika hAribhadrIya TIkA patra 18. 4. dazavakAlika kI agastyasiMha cUNi pR0 99 tathA jinadAsakRtacUNi pR0 167-168.

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- 252 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana yA sAdhu dAnabhakta (dAtA dvArA diye jAne vAle nirdoSa AhAra) kI eSaNA meM usI prakAra rata rahate haiM jaise bhramara puSpoM meM vastutaH bhramara (madhukara) avadhajIvI hotA hai / vaha apane jIvana nirvAha ke lie kisI prakAra kA samArambha, upamardana yA hanana nahIM karatA / vaise hI zramaNasAdhaka bhI avadhajIvI ho, kisI taraha kA pacana- pAcana aura upamardana na kare / madhukara puSpoM se, svabhAvasiddha rasa grahaNa karatA hai / vaise hI zramaNa - sAdhaka gRhastha ke gharoM se jahA~ AhAra-jala Adi svAbhAvika rUpa se banate haiM, prAsuka AhAra hai / isI taraha madhukara utanA hI rasa grahaNa karatA hai lie Avazyaka hotA hai, vaise hI zramaNa saMyama - nirvAha ke hI AhAra grahaNa kare / isa prakAra zramaNa ko bhrAmarI vRtti se AhAra grahaNa kI bAta kahakara yaha - batAyA gayA hai ki ahiMsA dharma kI pUrNa ArAdhanA karane vAlA zramaNa apane jIvana-nirvAha ke lie bhI hiMsA na kare, yathAkRta AhAra le tathA jIvana ko - saMyama aura tapomaya banAkara dharma aura dhArmika kI ekatA sthApita kare / 2 - AhAra kA samaya : sUryodaya ke tIna ghar3I (nAlItrika), bAda (sAdhAraNatayA caubIsa miniTa kI eka ghar3I mAnI jAtI hai) aura sUryAsta ke tIna ghar3I zeSa rahane para arthAt - sUryAsta hone se tIna ghar3I pUrva taka kA kAla muniyoM ke AhAra grahaNa kA samaya mAnA gayA hai / AhAra ke isa kAla meM eka muhUrta meM AhAra grahaNa utkRSTa kAla yA utkRSTa-AcaraNa hai / do muhUrta meM madhyamakAla yA - tathA tIna muhUrta meM AhAra grahaNa jaghanya kAla yA jaghanya hai / 3 ekabhakta mUlaguNa ke antargata isI vidhAna kI carcA karate hue bhojanagrahaNa kA samaya dina kA madhyakAla (madhyAhna) mAnA hai / * mUlAcAravRtti meM batAyA hai ki sUryodaya kI do ghar3I nikalane para Avazyaka kriyAyeM tathA svAdhyAya Adi karane ke bAda madhyAhna kAla kI devavandanA kare, tatpazcAt bAlakoM ke bhare peTa se tathA anya liGgiyoM se bhikSA kA samaya jJAtakara le aura gRhasthoM madhyama AcaraNa tathA AcaraNa kahA gayA jitanA ki udarapUrti ke lie Avazyaka utanA 1. dazavaikAlika 1 / 2- 3. 2. dasaveAliyaM adhyayana 1 kA Amukha pR0 3-4 ( jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM). 3. sUrudayatthamaNAdo NAlItiya bajjide asaNakAle / tigaduga egamuhutte jahaNamajjhimma mukksase // - mulAcAra vRtti sahita 6 / 73, mUlAcAra pradIpa 2 / 236-238. 4. udayatthamaNe kAle NAlItiyavajjiyamhi majjhamhi / mUlAcAra 135.

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AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra : 253:. ke gharoM meM se jaba dhuMA nikalanA banda ho jAe tathA mUsala Adi ke zabda zAntaH ho jAeM taba gocarI ke lie praveza karanA caahie|' bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM kahA hai ki tIna prakAra ke AhAra-kAla ke viSaya meM tIna dRSTiyoM se vicAra karanA cAhie-bhikSAkAla,. bubhukSAkAla aura avagrahakAla / 1. bhikSAkAla-gA~va, nagara Adi sthAnoM meM itanA kAla vyatIta hone para AhAra taiyAra hotA hai tathA amuka mahIne meM amuka kula evaM amuka muhalle kA amuka samaya bhojana-kAla hai / isa prakAra icchA ke pramANa Adi se bhikSA-kAla jAnanA caahie| 2. bubhukSAkAla-merI bhUkha Aja tIvra hai yA manda hai-isa prakAra apane zarIra kI sthiti kI parIkSA karanI caahie| 3. avagrahakAla-maiMne pUrva meM yaha niyama grahaNa kiyA thA ki maiM isa prakAra kA AhAra nahIM lUMgA aura Aja merA yaha niyama hai-isa prakAra vicAra karanA caahie|" zvetAmbara paramparA ke uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM svAdhyAya, dhyAna, bhikSAcaryA ko uttaraguNa kahA hai| tathA inake pAlana kI dinacaryA cAra kAla-vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita kI gayI hai / tadanusAra muni ko prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya, dUsare prahara meM dhyAna, tIsare meM bhikSA tathA cauthe prahara meM punaH svAdhyAya karanA cAhie / isake anusAra muni ke bhikSA kA upayukta samaya tIsarA prahara mAnA gayA hai|" kintu sabhI dRSTiyoM se mUlAcArakAra dvArA ullikhita AhAra kA samaya sabase adhika upayukta hai| yaha pahale hI batAyA gayA hai ki muni dina ke prakAza meM hI eka bAra AhAra grahaNa karate haiM / dazavakAlika meM kahA bhI hai ki sUryAsta se lekara punaH jaba taka sUrya pUrva meM na nikala Ae taba taka saba prakAra ke AhAra kI mana meM bhI icchA na kre| dazAzrutaskandha ke anusAra jo bhikSu sUryodaya aura sUryAsta 1. mUlAcAravRtti 5 / 121 pR0 261-262. 2. bha0 A0 gAthA 1206 kI vijayodayA TIkA pR0 1203-4. 3. divasassa cauro bhAge kujjA bhikkhU viyakkhaNo / to uttaraguNe kujjA diNabhAgesu causu vi // paDhamaM porisiM sajjhAyaM bIyaM jhANaM shiyaayii| taiyAe bhikkhAyariyaM puNo cautthIe sajjhAyaM / / uttarAdhyayana 26 / 11-12.: 4. atthaMgayammi Aicce puratthA ya annugge| AhAramaiyaM savvaM maNasA vi na patthae // dazavakAlika 8 / 28. , . .

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254 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ke prati zaMkA meM par3akara AhAra-grahaNa karate haiM unako rAtri-bhojana grahaNa kA doSa lagatA hai|' rAtribhojana se pAMca mahAvrata bhaMga hote haiM aura aSTa pravacanamAtA ke pAlana meM malinatA AtI hai / yadi muni rAtri meM AhArArtha nikale to gRhasthoM yA kisI ke bhI mana meM yaha zaMkA utpanna hotI hai ki muni-veza meM yaha koI cora-ucakkA to nahIM hai ? isake sAtha hI Atma-vipatti ke bhI aneka 'prasaMga Ate haiN| ataH mahAvratoM kI rakSA, aSTapravacanamAtA tathA mahAvatoM kI paccIsa bhAvanAoM ke pratipAlana hetu rAtri-bhojana kA tyAga to prArambhika kartavya hai| isa prakAra bhikSAgamana ke yogya kAla ko chor3akara anya samaya yA vikAla meM AhArArtha nikalanA niSiddha hai / dazavakAlika meM yaha bhI kahA hai ki bhikSA kA kAla hone para bhI yadi varSA ho rahI ho, kuharA phailA ho, mahAvAta (A~dhI) cala rahI ho, bhramara, kITa, pataMga Adi tiryak sampAtima jIva ThA rahe hoM taba muni ko bhikSA ke lie nahIM jAnA caahie| isa prakAra AhArArtha-gamana ke lie upayukta samaya kA viveka bahuta Avazyaka hai| AhArArtha gamana-vidhi: jitanA mahattva kisI bhI acche kArya kA otA hai, utanA hI mahattva usakI vidhi kA rahatA hai| vidhipUrvaka kiyA gayA kArya hI sArthaka huA karatA hai| ataH AhArArtha gamana karane vAle muni ko ina pA~ca maulika bAtoM kI rakSA anivArya hai-1. AjJA-jinazAsana kI rakSA evaM usakI AjJA kA pAlana, 2. svecchAvRtti kA tyAga, 3. samyaktvAnukUla AcaraNa, 4. ratnatraya svarUpa AtmA kI rakSA tathA 5. saMyama rakSA / ina pAMcoM meM se kisI meM bhI kiJcita doSa kA prasaMga Ae yA bAdhA kI sambhAvanA ho to muni ko tatkAla AhAra kA tyAga kara denA caahie| bhikSA-caryA meM praviSTa hue muni manogupti, vacanagupti, aura kAyagupti rUpa trigupti, mUlaguNa; uttaraguNa, zIla, saMyama Adi kI rakSA karate hue tathA zarIra se vairAgya, saMga (parigraha) se vairAgya aura saMsAra se vairAgya rUpa nirvadatrika kA cintana karate hue vicaraNa karate haiM / vijayodayA meM kahA hai ki AhArArtha gamana ke samaya muni ko Age-Age cAra hAtha pramANa (yugAntaramAtra) bhUmi dekhate hue calanA cAhie / gamana ke samaya hAtha laTakate 1. dazAzrutaskandha 2 / 3. 2. mUlAcAra 5 / 99, 98. 3. dazavakAlika 5 / 148. 4. ANA aNavatthAvi ya bhicchattArAhaNAdaNAso y| saMjamavirAdhaNAvi ya cariyAe pariharedavvA // mUlAcAra 675 5. vahI, 674.

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AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra : 255 hue hoM, caraNa-nikSepa adhika antarAla se na ho, zarIra vikAra rahita ho, sira thor3A jhukA huA ho, mArga meM kIcar3a aura jala na ho tathA trasajIvoM aura haritakAya kI bahulatA na ho / vaha isa prakAra gamana kare tAki khAte-pIte pakSI aura mRga bhayabhIta na hoM tathA ve apanA AhAra chor3akara na bhaageN| Avazyaka hone para picchikA se apane zarIra kA pratilekhana kare / tuSa, gobara, rAkha, bhUsA aura ghAsa ke Dhera se tathA patte, phala, patthara Adi se bacate hue calanA cAhie / koI nindA kare taba muni ko krodha nahIM karanA cAhie tathA pUjA kare to prasanna nahIM apitu samabhAva se yukta honA caahie|' mUlAcAravRtti meM AhArArtha gamana vidhi batAte hue kahA hai ki sUryodaya kI jaba do ghar3I bIta jAye taba devavandanA karane ke pazcAt zrutabhakti aura gurubhaktipUrvaka svAdhyAya ko grahaNa karake siddhAnta Adi kI vAcanA, pRcchanA, anuprekSA, parivartana Adi kare / jaba madhyAhnakAla hone meM do ghar3I samaya zeSa rahe taba Adara ke sAtha zrutabhaktipUrvaka svAdhyAya ko samApta kre| vasatikA se dUra jAkara samitipUrvaka mala-mUtrAdi bAdhA dUra kare / taba zarIra ko pUrvApara dekhakara hAtha-paira Adi kA prakSAlana karake, kamaNDalu aura picchikA grahaNa karake madhyAhna kAla kI devavandanA kre| tatpazcAt yogya samaya jAnakara AhArArtha praveza karanA caahie|2 vijayodayA TokA meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki bhikSA aura bhUkhake samaya ko jAnakara avagraha arthAt AhAra ke lie vidhi hetu saMkalpa yA pratijJA grahaNa karake IryAsamitipUrvaka grAma, nagara Adi meM muni ko praveza karanA cAhie / vahA~ apanA Agamana jatAne (batalAne) ke lie yAcanA yA avyakta zabda na kre| bijalI kI taraha apanA zarIra mAtra dikhalA de| mujhe kona nirdoSa bhikSA degA aisA bhAva na kare / apitu jIva-jantu se rahita, dUsare ke dvArA roka-Toka se rahita, pavitra sthAna meM gRhastha dvArA prArthanA (par3agAhanA) kiye jAne para tthhre| dvAra para sAMkala lagI ho yA kapATa banda hoM to unheM na kholeM / bAlaka, bachar3A, meDhA aura kutte ko lA~dhakara na jAve / jisa bhUmi meM puSpa, phala aura bIja phaile hoM usa para se na jAve / tatkAla lIpI gaI bhUmi para na jAve / jisa ghara meM anya bhikSArthI bhikSA ke lie khar3e hoM usa ghara meM praveza na kre| jisa ghara ke kuTumbI ghabarAye hoM, jinake mukha para viSAda aura dInatA ho vahA~ na tthhre| bhikSAdAna bhUmi se Age na jAve / gocarI ko jAte hue 1. ma0 A0 gAthA 1206 kI vijayodayA TIkA pR0 1204. 2. mUlAcAra vRtti 51121 pR0 261-262. 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 150 kI vijayodayA TIkA pR0 344. 4. vahI, gAthA 1206 ko vijayodayA TIkA pR0 1204.

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256 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana na to atizIghra cale, na ati dhIre-dhIre cale aura na ruka-ruka kara ho / nirdhana yA amIra (dhanI) ghara kA vicAra na kare / mArga meM na Thahare, na vArtAlApa kare / haMsI Adi na kre| nIca kuloM meM praveza na kare / zuddhakuloM meM bhI yadi sUtaka Adi doSa ho to vahA~ na jAve / dvArapAla Adi roke to na jaave| jahA~ taka anya bhikSATana karane vAle jAte haiM vahIM taka ho jAve / jahA~ virodha ke nimitta hoM vahA~ na jAve / duSTajana, gadhA, U~Ta, bhaiMsa, baila, hAthI, sarpa Adi se dUra se hI baca kara jAve / madonmatta janoM se dUra rhe| snAna, vilepana, maNDana tathA ratikrIr3A meM Asakta striyoM kI ora na dekhe / dharmakArya ke binA kisI ke ghara na jAye / ' saMkalpa (avagraha yA abhigraha) pUrvaka gamana kA vidhAna : vRttiparisaMkhyAna nAmaka caturtha bAhya tapa ke prasaMga meM mUlAcAra meM kahA hai ki bhikSA se sambaddha kucha saMkalpa yA abhigraha lekara AhArArtha gamana karanA cAhie / jaise-1. gocara-pramANa-isake antargata gharoM ke pramANa kA saMkalpa lekara nikalane kA vidhAna hai| 2. dAtA saMkalpa-dAtA vizeSa arthAt yadi vRddha, javAna Adi saMkalpAnusAra dAtA vizeSa hI merA pratigraha karegA (par3agAhegA) tabhI usake yahAM rukU~gA anyathA nhiiN| 3. bhAjana saMkalpa-kAMse, pItala Adi dhAtu yA miTTI ke pAtra (bhAjana) vizeSa se bhikSA degA to svIkAra karU~gA anyathA nahIM / yaha bhAjana viSayaka saMkalpa hai / tathA 4. azana saMkalpa-cAvala, saktU Adi vividha prakAra ke anna meM se saMkalpita anna yA bhojya padArtha vizeSa milegA to AhAra grahaNa karU~gA, anyathA nhiiN| isI prakAra aura bhI aneka prakAra ke saMkalpa grahaNa karake AhArArtha gamana karanA caahie| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI vividha prakAra ke saMkalpa lekara AhArArtha gamana karane kA ullekha hai / jaise-1. gatvA pratyAgatA-jisa mArga se pahale gayA 1. mUlAcAravRtti 5 / 121 pR0 261-262. 2. mUlAcAravRtti 5 / 158, anagAradharmAmRta svopajJavRtti 7 / 26 pR0 504,505. , gattApaccAgadaM ujjuvIhi gomuttiyaM ca pelaviyaM / sambakAvapi ya padaMgavIdhI ya goyariyA / / -bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vijayodayA sahita 218. pADayaNiyaMsaNabhikkhA parimANaM dattidhAsaparimANaM / piMDesaNA ya pANesaNA ya jAgUya puggalayA / vahI 219. saMsiTa phaliha parikhA pupphovahidaM va suddhagovahidaM / levaDamalevaDaM pANayaM ca NissitthagamasisthaM // vahI 220. pattassa dAyagasya ya avagaho bahuviho ssttiie| iccavamAdi vidhiNA NAdavvA vuttiparisaMkhA // vahI 221.....

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AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra : 257 usI se lauTate hue yadi bhikSA milegI to grahaNa karU~gA anyathA nahIM / 2. Rju - vIthi sIdhe mArga se jAne para bhikSA milI to grahaNa karU~gA anyathA nahIM | 3. go- mUtrikA - - gAya yA baila ke rAste meM calate-calate mUtra tyAga karane se jaise balakhAte hue AkAra banatA jAtA hai vaise hI bAe~ pArzva se dAe~ pArzva ke ghara aura dAyeM se bAyeM pArzva jAte hue ghara meM bhikSA milI to grahaNa karUMgA anyathA nahIM / 4. pellaviyaM (peTA) - vastrAdi rakhane ke lie bAMsadala Adi se nirmita Dhakkana sahita caukora sandUka kI taraha caukora arthAt bIca ke gharoM ko chor3a cAroM ora samazreNI sthita gharoM meM bhramaNa karate hue bhikSA milI to grahaNa karU~gA anyathA nahIM / 5. zaMbUkAvarta - zaMkha ke AvartI kI taraha bhikSATana karanA / 6. pataMgavIthI -- pataMgoM kI paMkti ke aniyata krama se bhramaNa yA ur3ane ke samAna bhramaNa karate hue bhikSA milI to lenA anyathA nahIM / 7. goyariyA (gocarI) - - gocarI nAmaka bhikSA ke anusAra bhramaNa karate hue bhikSA milegI to grahaNa karUMgA anyathA nahIM / 8. pATakaisI pATaka ( phATaka yA muhallA ) meM praveza karake milI bhikSA grahaNa karU~gA, anya meM nahIM / eka hI pATaka meM praveza karU~gA yA do meM hI praveza karU~gA isa prakAra kA saMkalpa lenA / 9. niyaMsaNa - amuka ghara ke parikara se lagI huI bhUmi meM bhikSA milI to svIkAra karU~gA, ghara meM praveza nahIM karU~gA / kucha granthakAroM kA kathana hai ki pATaka ( muhallA ) kI bhUmi meM hI praveza karU~gA, gharoM meM nahIM -- isa saMkalpa ko pATaka- nivasana kahate haiM / 10. bhikSA-parimANa -- eka yA do vAra meM jo parosA gayA utanA hI grahaNa karU~gA adhika nahIM / 11. dAtR-grAsa (deya) parimANa - eka yA do dAtA ke hI dvArA dene para bhikSA grahaNa karU~gA athavA dAtA ke dvArA lAI gaI bhikSA meM se itane hI grAsa grahaNa karU~gA - aisA parimANa karanA / 12. piNDeSaNA - piNDarUpa bhojana hI grahaNa karU~gA / 13. pAnaMSaNA - jo bahuta drava hone se pIne yogya hogA vahI grahaNa karU~gA / isI prakAra yavAgU, puggalayA ( canA, masUra Adi dhAnya) saMsRSTa-zAka, kulmASa Adi se milA huA, phalihA - madhya meM odana (bhAta) aura usake cAroM ora zAka rakhA ho vaisA AhAra, parikhA - madhya meM anna tathA isake cAroM ora vyaMjanA rakhA ho vaisA AhAra, puSpopahita - vyaMjanoM ke madhya puSpAvalI ke samAna siktha ( cAvala ) rakhA ho, zuddha gopahita - zuddha arthAt binA kucha milAye anna se upahita arthAt mile hue zAka vyaMjana Adi / lepakRta - jisase hAtha lipta ho jAe, alepakRta -- jisase hAtha lipta na ho / pAnaka- - siktha rahita aura sikya sahita (pAnaka) aisA bhojana milegA to grahaNa karU~gA anyathA nahIM - isa prakAra ke saMkalpapUrvaka AhArArtha gamana karanA cAhie / 17

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258 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana isI prakAra pAtra (bhAjana), dAtA Adi aneka prakAra ke saMkalpa (abhigraha yA avagraha) apanI zakti ke anusAra grahaNa karake AhArArtha gamana karanA cAhie / saMkalpoM ke pUrNa hone para yadi bhi -lAbha hotA hai to prasannatA nahIM aura bhikSA na milane para duHkhI nahIM honA caahie| kyoMki sAdhu to duHkha-sukha donoM meM AkulatA rahita madhyastha rahatA hai| vaha bhikSA lAbha ke lie kisI sadgRhastha kI prazaMsA yA unase yAcanA nahIM karatA / ayAcaka vRtti se binA kisI saMketa yA AvAja kiye, maunapUrvaka bhramaNa karatA hai| kisI se donatApUrvaka yaha nahIM kahatA ki mujhe bhikSA do / na dIna yA kaluSa vacana bolatA hai, apitu bhikSAlAbha na hone para maunapUrvaka lauTa AtA hai|' zramaNa bhikSAcaryA ke lie nikalane para apanA Agamana sUcita karane ke lie aspaSTa zabdAdi ke saMketa nahIM karatA, apitu bijalI ko camaka ke sadRza apanA zarIra mAtra dikhA denA hI paryApta samajhatA hai / 2 yadi zrAvaka par3agAhanA kare tathA saMkalpAnusAra vidhi mila jAya to paroparodha rahita ghara meM, Ane-jAne kA mArga chor3akara, zrAvakoM dvArA prArthanA karane para, vahIM khar3A ho jahA~ se ki dUsare sAdhu bhI khar3e hokara bhikSA prApta karate haiM / khar3e hone kA sthAna samAna aura chidrarahita dekhakara apane donoM pairoM meM cAra aMgula kA antara rakhakara nizcala khar3e honA caahie| jisa zrAvaka ke yahA~ muni ko AhAra kI vidhi milatI hai ve picchi aura kamaNDalu ko vAmahasta meM eka sAtha dhAraNa karate haiM aura dakSiNa kandhe para paMcAMguli mukulita dAhinA hAtha rakhakara AhAra-svIkRti vyakta karate haiM / zrAvaka jaba dekhatA hai ki munirAja ke saMkalpAnusAra AhAra-vidhi usake yahA~ mila gayI hai, taba vahA~ sthita munirAja kI tIna bAra parikramA karatA hai, tataH manazuddhi, vacanazuddhi, kAyazuddhi, AhArazuddhi kahakara unheM AhArArtha ghara meM praveza ke lie Agraha karatA hai / sacitta, taMga, gande va andhakArayukta sthAna meM zramaNa praveza nahIM karate kyoMki saMyama-virAdhanA kI AzaMkA rahatI hai| 1. mUlAcAra 950-52. 2. vidyudiva svAM tanaM ca darzayet-bhagavatI ArAdhanA vijayodayA 1206 / 3. picchaM kamaNDalu vAmahaste skandhe tu dakSiNam / hastaM nidhAya saMdRSTayA sa vrajet zrAvakAlayam // -dharmarasika 12 / 70 pR0 354.

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AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra : 259 AhAra grahaNa ke yogya ghara : pahale yaha batAyA gayA hai ki zramaNa madhyAhna ke samaya saMkalpapUrvaka AhArArtha gA~va yA nagara meM nikalate haiM / unheM yadi unakI vidhi ke anusAra yogya dAtA ne par3agAhanA kiyA tathA navadhA bhakti pUrvaka AhAra diyA taba ve AhAra saMbaMdhI sabhI doSoM tathA antarAyoM se rahita, khar3e-khar3e apane karapuTa se dina meM, eka bAra prAsuka tathA sImita AhAra grahaNa kara lete haiM, anyathA nahIM / isase yaha spaSTa hai ki AhAra caryA ke prati bar3I sAvadhAnI kA dhyAna rakhA jAtA hai / isa AhAra caryA ke nirvAha ke lie dAtA zrAvaka ko bhI AhAra -saMbaMdhI pUrNa zuddhatA Adi viSayoM kA jJAna Avazyaka hai / sarala (sIdhI ) paMkti se tona athavA sAta ghara se AyA huA prAsuka odana * Adi ko Acinna arthAt grAhya batAyA hai / isake viparIta yatra-tatra ke kinhIM bhI sAta gharoM se AyA huA AhAra anAcinna ( anAcIrNa) arthAt agrAhya batAyA gayA hai / " kyoMki isameM IryApathazuddhi nahIM rahatI / saMdehayukta sthAna kA prAka - aprAka kI AzaMkA tathA sUtrayukta ( zAstrokta ) yA sUtra - pratikUla, tathA pratiSiddha, zramaNoM ke uddezya se banAyA gayA evaM kharIdA gayA AhAra agrAhya hai / bhikSA ke lie muni maunapUrvaka ajJAta anujJAtaM arthAt paricitaaparicita, nimna, ucca tathA madhyama kuloM (gharoM) kI paMkti meM nikalate haiM, tathA bhikSA grahaNa karate haiM / vasunandi ke anusAra yahA~ nimna ( nIca), ucca aura madhyama kuloM kA artha daridra, dhanI evaM madhyama gRhasthoM ke gharoM kI paMkti meM samAna rUpa se bhikSArtha bhramaNa karanA kiyA hai / 4 Niccacca majjhimakulesu - vaTTakera ke isI kathana ke samAna bhAva ke rUpa meM bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM 'jyeSTha - alpa- madhyamAni samamevATet' arthAt bar3e, choTe aura madhyama kuloM (gharoM) meM eka samAna bhramaNa kare - artha kiyA hai / " dazakAlika cUrNi meM sambandhiyoM ke samavAya yA ghara ko kula kahA gayA 1. ujju tihi sattahi vA gharehi jadi AgadaM du AciNaM / parado vA tehi bhave tabvivadaM aNAciNNaM || mUlAcAra 6 / 20. 2. uddesiya kodayaDaM aNNAdaM saMkidaM abhihaDaM ca / supaDikUDANi ya paDisiddhaM taM vivajjaMti / / vahI 9 / 46. 3. aNNAdamaNuNNAdaM bhikkhaM Niccuccamajjhimakule / gharapatihi hiDaMti ya moNeNa muNI samAditi / / vahI 9 / 47. 4. nIcoccamadhyamakuleSu daridrezvarasamAnagRhiSu gRhapaMktyA hiDaMti paryaTaMti / - vahI, vRtti 9 / 47. 5. mUlAcAra 9147, bha0 A0 vijayodayA TIkA 1206, pR0 1204.

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260 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana hai|' prAsAda, havelI Adi vizAla bhavana dravya se uccakula tathA jAti, dhana, vidyA Adi se samRddha janoM ke bhavana bhAva se uccakula kahalAte haiM / isI taraha tRNakuTI, jhopar3I Adi dravya se nimna yA avaca kula tathA jAti, dhana, vidyA Adi se hIna vyaktiyoM ke ghara bhAva se avaca (nimna) kula kahalAte haiM / vastutaH AhArArtha praveza ke viSaya meM bhojya abhojya gharoM kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hai / kyoMki abhojya ghara meM praveza ko AhAra kA eka antarAya mAnA hai| abhojya ghara se tAtparya hiMsAjIvI, patita, vrata-vihIna, saMskAravihIna tathA nidita ghara Adi samajhanA cAhie / vijayodayA meM daridra kuloM meM aura AcArahIna sampannakuloM meM praveza kA niSedha kiyA hai| kyoMki daridra kula meM usa ghara ke vyaktiyoM ko svayaM apane peTa bharane kI samasyA rahatI hai taba ve muni ko navadhA bhakti se AhAra karAne meM kaise samartha hoMge ? zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI nindita kula, aprotikara kula tathA mAmaka (gRha-- svAmI dvArA praveza-niSiddha) ghara meM bhikSArtha praveza kA niSedha hai / 5 jugupsanIyakula se bhikSA grahaNa karane vAle ko prAyazcitta kA bhAgI mAnA hai| zramaNa ko vahA~ bhI bhikSA nahIM lenA cAhie jahA~ zramaNapane meM kSINatA kA avasara aaye| jaise rAjA, gRhapati (ibhya, zreSThI) antaHpura aura ArakSikoM Adi ke usa sthAna kA muni dUra se hI varjana kare, jahA~ jAne se unheM saMkleza utpanna ho| vijayodayA meM kahA hai jisa ghara meM gAnA-nAcanA hotA ho, jhaNDiyAM lagI hoM, matta loga rahate hoM, zarAbI, vezyA, loka meM nindita kula, yajJazAlA dAnazAlA Adi meM na jaave| vivAhavAlA ghara, praveza vajita, vizeSa ArakSita tathA jisa ghara ke Age rakSaka (paharedAra) khar3e hoM-aise gharoM meM bhI nahIM jAnA caahie| kintu jahA~ bahuta se manuSyoM kA AnA-jAnA ho, jIva-jantu se rahita, apavitratA rahita, 1. kulaM saMbaMdhisamavAto, tadAlayo vA-dazavai0 agastyasiMha cUNi pRSTha 103. 2. dazavai0 hAribhadrIya TIkA patra 166. 3. mUlAcAra 679. 4. daridrakulAni utkramADhya kulAni na pravizet / bha0 A0 gAthA 1206 kI. vijayodayA TIkA, 5. dazavakAlika 5 / 1 / 17. 6. nizItha 16 / 17. 7. dazavakAlika 5 / 1 / 16. . .

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AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra : 261 dUsare ke dvArA roka-Toka se rahita tathA jAne-Ane ke mArga se rahita sthAna meM gRhasthoM dvArA prArthanA (par3agAhanA) kiye jAne para ThaharanA caahie|' AhAra (bhikSA) zuddhi : vizuddha AhAracaryA sacce zrAmaNya kI mahatvapUrNa pahacAna hai| usake vrata, zIla guNa Adi zramaNadharma ke sabhI AdhArabhUta guNoM kI pratiSThA bhikSAcaryA ko vizuddhi para hI nirbhara hai| jo vacanazuddhi evaM hRdaya (mana) zuddhi pUrvaka bhikSAcaryA karatA hai use jina zAsana meM susthita (sabhI sadguNoM meM sthita) sAdhu kahA hai| aise sAdhu dUsare ke ghara meM, navakoTi Adi se vizuddha AhAra, apane pANipAtra meM, zrAvaka Adi dUsare ke dvArA diyA huA grahaNa karate haiN| navakoTi arthAt mana-vacana-kAya tathA kRta-kArita-anumodanA se parizuddha 'AhAra / " sthAnAMga sUtra meM navakoTiyoM kA ullekha isa prakAra hai-AhAra ke lie zramaNa svayaM jIvavadha na kare, na dUsare se karavAe aura na karane vAle kA anumodana hI kare / na mola le, na livAe aura na lene vAle kA anumodana kare / tathA na pakAe, na pakavAe aura na pakAne vAle kA anumodana kre| vizuddha AhAra zaMkita, mRkSita Adi dasa doSoM se rahita tathA nakha, roma, jantu arthAt prANarahita zarIra, haDDI, kaNa arthAt jo Adi kA bAharI avayava, kuMDya arthAt zAlya Adi ke Abhyantara bhAga kA sUkSma avayava, pUya (pIva), carma, rudhira (rakta), mAMsa, bIja, phala, kaMda aura mUla-ina caudaha maloM se rahita honA cAhie / AhAra grahaNa ke samaya inake nikala Ane para tatkAla AhAra ke tyAgapUrvaka prAyazcitta kiyA jAtA hai| AcArya vaTTakera ne batAyA hai ki muni ko jJAna, saMyama aura dhyAna kI siddhi tathA yAtrA sAdhanamAtra ke lie 1. bha0 A0 gAthA 1206 kI vijayodayA TIkA pRSTha 1204. 2. vadasIlaguNA jamhA bhikkhAcariyA visuddhie ThaMti / tamhA bhikkhAcariyaM sohiya sAhU sadA vihArija // mUlAcAra 10 / 112 3. vahI 10 / 113. 4. NavakoDoparisuddha dasadosavivajjiyaM malavisuddha / bhuti pANipatte pareNa dattaM paragharammi / / vahI 9 / 45. 5. mUlAcAravRtti 6 / 63, 9 / 45. 6. sthAnAMga 9 / 30. 7. NaharomajaMtuaTThI kaNakuMDayapUyimmaruhiramaMsANi / bIyaphalakaMdamUlA chiNNANi malA cauddasA hoti // mUlAcAra 6065.

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262 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana navakoTi se zuddha bhojana, jo ki bayAlIsa doSoM se rahita, saMyojanA se hIna,. aMgAra aura dhUmadoSa se rahita, chaha kAraNoM se sahita, krama se vizuddha aura pramANa sahita vidhipUrvaka diyA jAtA hai / / vastutaH AhArazuddhi kA sambandha eSaNA samiti se hai / ataH AhAra ke anveSaNa, grahaNa aura upabhoga meM saMyama dharma pUrvaka sAvadhAnI Avazyaka hai| uttarAdhyayana meM bhI eSaNA ke tIna bhedoM kA ullekha hai 1. gaveSaNA arthAt solaha udgama aura solaha utpAdana doSoM ke zodhanapUrvaka zuddha AhAra kI khoja krnaa| 2. grahaNaSaNA-eSaNA ke zaMkita Adi dasa doSoM ke zodhanapUrvaka AhAra lenaa| 3. paribhogaiSaNA-(grAsaiSaNA) saMyojanA, pramANAtikrAnta, aMgAra tathA dhUma-ina cAra doSoM ko TAlakara upabhoga karanA cAhie / - aparAjitasUri ne sarvathA tyAjya dUSita AhAra ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki mAMsa, madhu, makkhana, binA kaTA phala, mUla, patra, aMkura, kanda tathA ina sabase chuA huA bhojana grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie / rasa-gandha se vikRta, durgandhita, puSpita (phaphUda yukta), purAnA, jIva-jantu yukta bhojana na to kisI ko denA cAhie, na svayaM khAnA cAhie aura na chUnA hI cAhie / TUTe yA phUTe hue karachurA Adi se diyA huA AhAra grahaNa na kare / kapAla, jUThe pAtra, kamala tathA kele Adi ke pattoM meM rakhA huA AhAra bhI grahaNa na kreN| isa prakAra muni ko sabhI doSoM se rahita hI vizuddha AhAra grahaNa karanA cAhie / ___ jala-grahaNa ke viSaya meM tapta (uSNa) evaM prAsuka jala kA prayoga muniyoM ke lie vihita hai / dazavakAlika meM 'tattaphAsuya' (tapta prAsuka) tapta arthAt paryApta mAtrA meM ubalA hone para jo prAsuka (acitta) ho vaise uSNodaka ke prayoga kA vidhAna milatA hai / tathA antarikSa aura jalAzaya arthAt zItodaka, ole, bara-- sAta ke jala aura hima ke sevana kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| mUlAcAra meM bhI sacitta jala ke aneka prakAroM kA ullekha hai / ' svAbhAvika jala bhI sajIva hotA hai ataH usakA bhI niSedha hai / uttarAdhyayana meM kahA hai-anAcAra se ghRNA karane 1. mUlAcAra 6362-65. 2. uttarAdhyayana 24 / 11-12. 3. mUlAcAra 6157-58. 4. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA saM0 1206 kI vijayodayA TIkA pR0 1204. 5. sIodagaM na sevejjA silAvuTuM himANi ya / usiNodagaM tattaphAsuyaM paDigAhejja saMjae / dazavakAlika 816. . 6. mUlAcAra 5 / 13.

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AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra : 263 vAlA lajjAvAn saMyamI pyAsa se pIr3ita hone para sacitta jala kA sevana na kare kintu prAsuka pAnI kI gaveSaNA kare / nirjana mArga se jAtA huA muni tIvra pyAsa se vyAkula ho jAya tathA mu~ha sUkhane lage to bhI dInatA rahita hokara kaSTa sahana kre|' isa prakAra muni ko prAsuka jala ke prayoga kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhanA bhI Avazyaka hai| AcArya vaTTa kera ne spaSTa kahA hai ki jisa dravya se jIva nikala gae hoM vaha prAsuka hai / kintu yadi vaha dravya apane (muni ke) nimitta taiyAra kiyA gayA hai to vaha zuddha hote hue bhI azuddha hai / kyoMki jaise machaliyoM ke lie jala meM mAdaka vastu DAlane para usase machaliyAM hI vihvala hotI haiM, meMDhaka nahIM hote / isI taraha para (dUsare) ke lie banAye gaye bhojana Adi meM se grahaNa karate hue bhI muni vizuddha rahate haiM / arthAt muni adhaHkarma Adi doSa se dUSita nahIM hote| kintu jina sAdhuoM kI pravRtti adhaHkarma kI ora hai, ve yadi prAsuka (zuddha) dravya ke grahaNa meM azuddha bhAva karate haiM, to ve karmabandha ke bhAgI haiN| aura jinakI pravRtti zuddha AhAra ke anveSaNa kI ora hai unako yadi kadAcit azuddha adhaHkarma yukta AhAra grahaNa ho jAtA hai to vaha AhAra bhI unake lie zuddha hai| kyoMki khar3e hokara maunapUrvaka vIrAsana se tapa, dhyAna Adi karane vAlA zramaNa bhI yadi adhaHkarma yukta AhAra meM pravRtta hotA hai to usake sabhI yoga, vana, zUnyaghara, parvata kI guphA tathA vRkSamala-inameM nivAsa Adi saba nirarthaka haiN|" yahA~ taka kahA gayA hai ki yadi siMha, vyAghrAdi eka, do yA tIna mRgoM ko khAne para 'nIca' kahalAte haiM taba aghaHkarma yukta AhAra meM jIvarAzi khAne vAle zramaNa bhI nIca kyoM nahIM kahalAyeMge ?' uttarAdhyayana meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki jo anaiSa. NIya (sacitta) AhAra grahaNa karatA hai, vaha agni kI taraha sarvabhakSI hone se 1. uttarAdhyayana 2 / 4.5. 2. pagadA asao jahmA tahmAdo davvadotti taM dagvaM / phAsugamidi siddhevi ya appaTakadaM asuddha tu // jaha macchayANa payade madaNudaye mattchayA hi majjati / Na hi maMDUgA evaM paramaTTakade jadi visuddho / / mUlAcAra 6 / 66-67. 3. AdhAkammapariNado phAsugadamvevi baMdhago bhaNido / sudaM gavesamANo AdhAkammevi so suddho // mUlAcAra 10143,6 / 68. 4. vahI 10 // 31-32. 5. ekko vAvi tayo vA sIho vagyo mayo va khAdijjo / di khAdejja sa NIco jIvayarAsi NihaMtUNa // vahI 10 / 29.

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264 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 'sAghu' kahalAne yogya nahIM hai|' isIlie rayaNasAra meM kahA hai ki he bhikSu ! yadi tumhAre hAtha para rakhA huA AhAra tape hue lohe ke piNDa ke samAna zuddha hai to use divya naukA ke samAna jAnakara grahaNa kara / 2 isa taraha vicArapUrvaka pravRtti karanevAle muniyoM ko Arogya tathA AtmasvarUpa meM susthita rahane ke lie dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva, bala aura vIrya-ina chaha bAtoM kA paryAlocana karate hue vizuddha AhAra meM pravRtta honA cAhie / AhAra ke antarAya: doSoM Adi kI taraha AhAra tyAga ke kAraNabhUta battIsa antarAyoM kA bhI nimnalikhita pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| 1, kAka-AhArArtha gamana karate hue yA AhAra lete samaya koA, vaka Adi pakSI vITa kara deM to vaha kAka antarAya hai| 2. amedhya-AhAra ko jAte samaya viSThA Adi apavitra mala paira Adi meM laga jAnA / 3. chardi-vamana ho jaanaa| 4. rodhana-AhAra jAte samaya koI roka de / 5. rudhira-apane yA anya ke zarIra se raktasrAva hotA dikhanA / 6. azrupAta-duHkha, zoka se apane yA para ke A~sU giranA / / 7. jAnvadhaH parAmarza-jaMghA ke nIce bhAga kA sparza ho jaanaa| 8. jAnapari vyatikrama-ghuTanoM se Upara ke avayavoM kA sparza ho jaanaa| 9. nAbhyadho nirgamana-dAtA ke ghara kA daravAjA choTA hone para nAbhi se nIce zira karake AhArArtha jaanaa| 10. pratyAkhyAta sevanA-jisa vastu kA tyAga ho usakA bhakSaNa ho jaanaa| 11. jaMtuvadha-koI jIva sAmane hI kisI jIva kA vadha kara de| 12. kAkAdi piNDaharaNa-AhAra karate samaya hAtha se kauA Adi ke dvArA AhAra kA china jAnA / 13. pANi-piNDapatana-pANipAtra se grAsa mAtra bhI gira jaanaa| 14. pANI jantuvadha-AhAra karate samaya kisI jantu kA pANipuTa meM svayaM Akara mara jaanaa| 1. uttarAdhyayana 20147. 2. rayaNasAra 113. 3. anagAra dharmAmRta 5 / 65. 4. mUlAcAra, 6176-81 vRttisahita.

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AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra : 265 15. mAMsAdi darzana - bhojana karate samaya mAMsa, madya Adi dikha jAnA / upasarga ho jAnA / 16. upasarga-- kisI prakAra kA 17. pAdAntara jIva--donoM pairoM ke madhya se kisI paMcendriya jIva kA nikala jAnA / 18. bhAjanasaMpAta ----dAtA ke hAtha se koI vartana gira jAnA / 19. uccAra - AhAra karate samaya mala visarjita ho jAnA / 20. prasravaNa - mUtra visarjita honA / 21. abhojya gRhapraveza - AhArArtha bhramaNa ke samaya cANDAlAdi ke ghara meM "praveza ho jAve to yaha antarAya hai / 22. patana -- AhAra ke - patana nAmaka antarAya hai / 23. upavezana - kisI kAraNa se bhojana karate-karate baiTha jAnA / 24. sadaMza kutta e, billo Adi ke kATane para / 25. bhUmi saMsparza - siddha-bhakti kara lene ke bAda yadi hAtha se bhUmi kA -sparza ho jAve / samaya mUrcchA Adi se sAdhu kA gira jAnA } 26. niSThIvana - AhAra karate samaya kapha, thUka Adi kA nikalanA / 27. udara-kRmi-nirgamana - yadi udara se kRmi (kIr3e) nikala par3e / 28 adattagrahaNa - dAtA ke diye binA hI koI vastu grahaNa kara lenA / 29. prahAra -- apane Upara yA anya kisI para talavAra Adi kA prahAra ho -jAve / 30. grAmadAha-yadi grAma Adi meM agni laga jAve / 31. pAdena kiJcit grahaNa - muni dvArA bhUmi para par3I koI vastu paira se -uThAkara grahaNa kara lenA / A 32. kareNa - kiJcit-grahaNa - sAdhu ke dvArA apane hI hAtha se gRhastha ko - kisI vastu kA grahaNa kara lenA / isa prakAra uparyukta kAraNoM se sarvatra bhojana meM antarAya hotA hai / ye AhAra-tyAga ke lie kAraNabhUta haiM / inake atirikta aura bhI bahuta se AhAra tyAga ke kAraNa haiM jaise - rAjA kA bhaya yA anya bhaya, lokanindA, saMyama aura nirvedabhAva ke lie / ' kucha granthakAroM ne cANDAlAdi kA sparza, kalaha, iSTamaraNa, sAdharmika kA sanyAsapUrvaka maraNa, kisI pradhAna puruSa kA maraNa tathA mauna bhaMga Adi ko bhI AhAra tyAga kA kAraNa mAnA hai / 2 1. mUlAcAra 6 / 81. 2. mUlAcAra vRtti 6 / 81, anagAra dharmAmRta 5159-60, mUlAcAra pradIpa 2 / 29.

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266 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana AhAra-grahaNa-vidhi : __eSaNA samiti, sthitabhojana, ekabhakta tathA anya mUlaguNa evaM battIsa antarAya Adi ke svarUpa vizleSaNa ke AdhAra para zramaNa kI AhAra grahaNa-vidhi kI jAnakArI mila jAtI hai / muni ko apane saMkalpa Adi ke anusAra jaba AhAragrahaNa kI vidhi siddha ho jAtI hai taba ve usa dAtA zrAvaka ke ghara meM yogya sthAna para dIvAla, stambhAdi Azraya ke binA apane pairoM meM cAra aMgula kA antara rakhakara tathA samapAda khar3e ho paira rakhane, jUThana girane aura dAtA ke khar3e hone rUpa tIna prakAra kI bhUmi zuddhipUrvaka apane hAthoM kI aMjulipuTa ko hI pAtra banAkara usI (pANipAtra) se AhAra grahaNa karane kA vidhAna hai|' ataH muni ko sadgRhastha Adi dUsare ke ghara meM, navakoTi parizuddha apane pANipAtra meM, sadgRhastha Adi rUpa dUsare ke dvArA diyA huA vizuddha AhAra grahaNa karane kA vidhAna hai / 2. AcArya kundakunda ne bhI yahI bAta kahI hai ki parigraha ke nAma para zramaNa bAla ke agrabhAga ke barAbara bhI parigraha grahaNa nahIM krte| ve eka hI sthAna para khar3e hokara dUsaroM ke dvArA diyA gayA prAsuka anna apane pANipAtra se grahaNa karate hai| jabataka zramaNa khar3e hokara apane hAthoM ko hI pAtra banAkara bhojana karane kI sAmarthya rakhatA hai, tabhI taka AhAra kI pravRtti karatA hai anyathA nhiiN| isa pratijJA ke nirvahaNArtha tathA indriya-saMyama aura prANi-saMyama ke pAlana hetu sthitaH (khar3e hokara) bhojana kA vidhAna hai| tattvArthavAtika meM kahA hai-jisa prakAra bhUmi, bIja Adi kAraNoM meM guNavattA hone se vizeSa phalotpatti dekhI jAtI hai usI prakAra vidhivizeSa Adi se dAna ke phala meM vizeSatA hotI hai / 5 vastutaH dAna kI kSamatA aura dAna kI pAtratA kA AdhAra navadhAbhakti hai| ataH aparAjitasUri ne kucha mAhAra dAtAoM ke dvArA pradatta AhAradAna ke grahaNa kA muni ko niSedha kiyA hai, jaise-bAlaka ko stanapAna karAtI yA garbhiNI strI, rogI, ativRddha, bAlaka, pAgala, pizAca, mUDha,. andhA, gUgA, durbala, bhayAtura, zaMkAlu, atinikaTavartI evaM dUravartI manuSya, lajjA se parAGgamukhI yA cUMghaTa yukta strI, jisakA paira jUte para rakhA ho yA jo U~ce 1. mUlAcAra 1 / 34, bha0 A0 gAthA 1206 vijayodayATIkA pRSTha 12 4. 2. bhuMjaMtipANipatte pareNa dattaM paragharammi-mUlAcAra 9 / 45. 3. suttapAhuDa gAthA 17. 4. anagAra dharmAmRta 9.93. 5. tattvArthavArtika 9 / 39 / 6 pRSTha 559. .

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AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra : 267 . sthAna para khar3A ho-aise vyaktiyoM dvArA sAdhu ko kabhI AhAra-grahaNa nahIM karanA caahie| kintu zraddhA, santoSa, bhakti, vijJAna (AhAradAna kI vidhi kA pUrNa jJAna) nirlobhatA. kSamA aura sattva-ina sAta guNoM se yukta AhAradAtA ke dvArA diyA gayA AhAra grahaNa karanA cAhie / akalaMkadeva ne dAtA kI vizeSatAyeM isa prakAra batalAI hai-pAtra meM IrSyA na honA, tyAga meM viSAda na honA, dene kI icchA karanevAle meM yA jisane dAna diyA hai, sabameM prIti honA, kuzala abhiprAya, pratyakSa phala kI AkAMkSA na karanA, nidAna nahIM karanA, kisI se visaMvAda nahIM, karanA Adi dAtA kI vizeSatAyeM haiN| mokSa ke kAraNabhUta samyagdarzana Adi guNa jinameM pAye jAyeM ve zramaNa sacce pAtra haiN|4 rayaNasAra meM kahA hai ki avirata samyagdRSTi, dezavratI zrAvaka, mahA-. vratI muni, Agama meM ruci rakhanevAle aura tattva vicArakoM ke bheda se hajAroM prakAra ke pAtra hai kintu jina muniyoM meM upazama, nirIhatA, dhyAna, adhyayana Adi mahAn guNa hote haiM ve uttama pAtra kahe jAte haiN| aise uttama pAtra ko AhAradAna ke lie unakA pratigraha, uccasthAna pradAna, pAda prakSAlana, arcana, . praNAma Adi kriyAoM ko vidhi kahate haiM / isa prakAra vidhipUrvaka dAtA dvArA diye gaye azana, pAna, khAdya, bhojya, lehya evaM peya Adi padArthoM kA acchI taraha pratilekhana kara arthAt acchI taraha zodhakara zramaNa apane pANipAtra se grahaNa karate haiN| mAhAra ko mAtrA (AhAra-parimANa) : AhAradAtA kA yaha karttavya hai ki zIta yA uSNa kAla yA Rtu ke anu- . sAra tathA muni kI vAta, pitta yA kapha-pradhAna prakRti jAnakara, parizrama, vyAdhi, kAyakleza tapa aura upavAsa Adi dekha-jAnakara unheM tadanusAra AhAra denA 1. bha0 ja0 gAthA 1206 kI vijayodayA TokA pRSTha 1204. 2. zraddhA tuSTirbhakti vijJAnamalabdhatA kSamA sattvam / yasyate saptaguNAstaM dAtAraM prazaMsanti / / -saMyama prakAza : pUrvAddha kiraNa 1. pR0 98 se uddhRta.. 3-4. tattvArthavArtika 7 / 39 pR0 559. 5. rayaNasAra 114, 115. 6. tattvArthavArtika 7 / 39 / 1 pR0 559. 7. asaNaM jadi vA pANaM khajjaM bhojaM ca lijja pejja vaa| paDilehiUNa suddhabhuMjaMti pANipattesu / / mUlAcAra 954.

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-268: mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana caahie| kyoMki-AhAra udarastha hokara pAcana kriyA dvArA zarIra meM prANadhAraNAdi zakti paidA karatA hai / tadanusAra usakI saMyama-yAtrA sadhatI hai kintu muni ko bhI zarIra se kArya lene hetu mAtrA se adhika AhAra kabhI grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie / uttarAdhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki jaise pracaNDa pavana ke sAtha pracura Idhana vAle vana meM lagA dAvAnala zAnta nahIM hotA, vaise hI prakAma (yatheccha) bhojI kI indriyAgni kabhI zAnta nahIM hotii| ataH brahmacarya ke lie 'prakAma bhojana kabhI bhI hitakara nahIM hai / 2 manusmRti meM bhI kahA hai-bahuta adhika bhojana karanA svAsthya, dIrghAyu, svargaprApti aura puNya meM bAdhaka hai / saMsAra isakA virodha karatA hai, ataH isakA parityAga kare / ' A0 vaTTakera ne to yahA~ taka kaha diyA hai ki pratidina parimita aura prazasta AhAra lenA zreSTha hai, kintu aneka bAra AhAra lenA yA aneka prakAra upavAsa karanA ThIka nahIM hai / ataH zramaNa ko pramANa ke anusAra hI vizuddha AhAra grahaNa karanA cAhie / AhAra-grahaNa kI mAtrA nirdhArita karate hue kahA hai ki peTa ke cAra bhAga haiN| inameM se do bhAgoM ko anna se, tIsare bhAga ko jala se pUrita karanA caahie| tathA caturtha bhAga vAyu saMcaraNa ke lie khAlI chor3a denA caahie|" saMyama-yAtrA ko nirvighna calAne aura zarIra ko niroga rakhane kI dRSTi se bhI yaha mahattvapUrNa hai / jahA~ taka AhAra grahaNa kI mAtrA yA pramANa kA prazna hai usake lie vaTTakara ne likhA hai ki sAdhAraNa puruSa ko adhika se adhika battIsa grAsa (kavala) pramANa AhAra grahaNa karanA caahie| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kahA hai ki battIsa-grAsa pramANa AhAra puruSa ke peTa ko pUrA bharane vAlA hotA hai tathA striyoM ke kukSi 1. rayaNasAra 23. 2. uttarAdhyayana 32 / 11. 3. anArogyam anAyuSyam asva- cAtibhojanam / apuNyaM lokavidviSTaM tasmAt tat parivarjayet / / manusmRti 2057. 4. kallaM kallaM pi varaM AhAro parimido pasattho ya / ya khamaNa pAraNAo bahavo bahuso bahuvidho ya // mUlAcAra 10147. "5. addhamasaNassa samvi jaNassa udarassa tadiyamudayeNa / vAU~ saMcaraThaM cautthamavasaMsaye bhikkhU // mUlAcAra 6172. tathA dekhie kAzyapasaMhitA, khilasthAna, 53-54 / 6. battIsA kira kavalA purisassa du hodi payadi aahaaro| egakavalAdihiM tatto UNiyagahaNaM umodariyaM // mUlAcAra 56153....

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AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra : 269. pUraka AhAra kA parimANa aTThAIsa grAsa pramANa hotA hai / " eka kavala (grAsa ) kA pramANa eka hajAra cAvala' athavA murgI ke eka aNDe pramANa mAnA gayA haiM / aupapAtika sUtra meM bhaktapAna avamaudarya tapa ke prasaMga meM kahA hai ki ATha grAsa grahaNa karane vAlA alpAhArI, bAraha grAsa grahaNa karane vAlA apArddha avamaudarya, solaha grAsa vAlA arddha avamaudarya, caubIsa grAsa vAlA pauna avamaudarya tathA ikatIsa grAsa grahaNa karane vAle ko kiJcita avamaudarya hotA hai| AhAra (piMDa) sambandhI doSa : muniyoM kI AhAra caryA jitanI kaThora hai usase bhI jyAdA kaThina hai usake doSoM ko TAlanA / zramaNadharma ke mUlabhUta ahiMsA Adi mUlaguNa tathA vividha prakAra ke uttaraguNoM kA nirvighna pAlana karanA isakA uddezya hai / AhAra yA piMDa ke udgama, utpAdana, grahaNa Adi meM hone vAle doSoM kI sambhAvanA ko AhAra yA piMDa sambandhI doSa kahate haiN| mUlAcAra meM sabhI piNDa doSa saMkSepa meM dravya aura bhAva ke bheda se do prakAra ke batAye haiM / udgama Adi doSa sahita tathA adhaH karma yukta AhAra dravyagata piNDadoSa kahA jAtA hai / bhAva se arthAt Atma-pariNAmoM kI azuddhi se azuddha AhAra bhAvagata doSayukta hai / ataH bhAvazuddhi bhI yatnapUrvaka karanA cAhie, kyoMki bhAvazuddhi se hI sarva tapazcaraNa aura jJAna-darzana Adi vyavasthita hote haiM / " sAmAnyataH AhAra kI vividhatA ke kAraNa AhAra sambandhI doSa bhI aneka : ho sakate haiM kintu mukhya rUpa se ye ATha prakAra ke doSa haiM - udgama, utpAdana, eSaNA, saMyojana, pramANa, iMgAla (aMgAra), dhUma aura kAraNa / inakA svarUpa isa prakAra hai 1. battIsa kira kavalA AhAro kukkhipUraNo hoi / purisasa mahiliyAe aTThAvIsaM have kavalA || bhagavatI ArAdhanA 211 .. 2. sahasrataMdulamAtra : kavala Agame paThitaH - mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 135. 3, 4. opapAtika sUtra 19. 5. samveti piMDadoso davve bhAve samAsado duviho / davvagado puNa davve bhAvagado appapariNamo || mUlAcAra savRtti 6 / 69.. 6. uggama uppAdaNa esaNaM ca saMyojaNaM pamANaM ca / iMgAlaM dhUma kAraNa aTThavihA piNDasuddhI du || mUlAcAra 62. 7. bhUlAcAravRtti 6 / 2.

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270 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 1. udgama doSa-gRhastha-dAtA ke dvArA jina abhiprAyoM Adi se doSa utpanna hote haiN| 2. utpAdana doSa-pAtra arthAt muni meM hone vAle jina abhiprAyoM se AhAra Adi utpanna hotA hai yA karAyA jAtA hai usa AhAra ke nimitta hone vAle anuSThAna vizeSa se lagane vAle doSa / 3. eSaNA (azana) doSa-jina pArivezaka-parosane vAloM se bhojana kiyA jAtA hai unakI azuddhiyA~ azana (eSaNA) doSa haiN| athavA sAdhu aura gRhastha donoM ke dvArA lagane vAle AhAra sambandhI doSa "eSaNA" ke doSa kahalAte haiN| ye vidhipUrvaka AhAra na lene-dene aura zuddhAzuddha kI chAnabIna na karane se paidA hote haiN| 4. saMyojanA doSa--paraspara meM viruddha zIta-uSNa, snigdha-rUkSa Adi padArthoM ko milAkara bhojana karane se yA milAne mAtra se hone vAle doSa / 5. pramANa doSa-AhAra kI mAtrA (pramANa) kA ullaMghana karanA (mAtrA se adhika bhojana grahaNa karanA) pramANa doSa hai| 6. iMgAla (aMgAra) doSa-'yaha bhojya bar3A svAdiSTa hai, mujhe kucha aura mile to bar3A acchA rahe'-isa prakAra AhAra meM atilAlaca se bhojana karane vAle sAdhu ko jo doSa lagatA hai (jo ki aMgAra ke samAna mAnA gayA hai) vaha iMgAla yA aMgAra doSa hai / 7. dhUma boSa-igAla doSa se viparIta arthAt 'yaha bhojya bar3A kharAba hai, mujhe bilakula acchA nahIM lagatA'-isa prakAra niMdA karake AhAra lene se hone vAle doSa, jo ki dhuA~ ke samAna hai-dhUma doSa kahalAtA hai| . piNDaniyakti meM aMgAra aura dhUma doSoM ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki jo iMdhana jalate hue aMgAradazA ko prApta nahIM hotA vaha dhUma sahita hotA hai aura vahI iMdhana jalane para aMgAra ho jAtA hai| isI taraha yahA~ rAga se grasta muni kA bhojana aMgAra hai kyoMki vaha cAritra rUpI IMdhana ke lie aMgAra tulya hai aura dveSa se yukta sAdhu kA bhojana sadhUma hai, kyoMki vaha bhojana ke prati nindAtmaka kaluSabhAva rUpa dhUma se mizrita hai|' 8. kAraNa doSa-viruddha kAraNoM se AhAra lenA kAraNa doSa hai| upayukta ATha doSoM se rahita ATha prakAra kI piNDazuddhi hotI hai / kintu ina ATha doSoM meM bhI kucha ke aneka upabheda haiN| jaise udgama doSa ke solaha, utpAdana doSa ke solaha, eSaNA (azana) doSa ke dasa tathA grAsaiSaNA (paribhogaiSaNA) 1. piNDaniyukti 657,658.

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AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra : 271 ke saMyojanA, pramANa, iMgAla aura dhUma-ye cAra bheda haiN| isa prakAra AhAra sambandhI kula chayAlIma (16 + 16 + 10 + 4 = 46) doSa hai / __ adhaHkarma doSa-mUlAcAra tathA usako vRtti meM adhaHkarma (AdhAkarma) doSa ko ina chayAlIsa doSoM se pRthak tathA ATha prakAra kI piNDazuddhi se bAhya "mahAdoSa" rUpa kahA gayA hai / yaha adhaHkarma chaha jIvanikAyoM kA vadha karane vAlA hone se nikRSTa vyApAra rUpa hai| aura isameM prANiyoM ko virAdhanA hone se yaha adhogati kA bhI kAraNa hai ataH ise adhaHkarma kahA jAtA hai| kyoMki gRhasthAzrita yaha adhaHkarma mahAdoSa paMcasUnAoM se sahita hotA hai / arthAt kaMDaNI (UkhalI), peSaNI (cakkI), cullI (cUlhA), udakumbha (jala bharane ke bar3e-bar3e aliMjara Adi) aura pramArjanI (jhAr3a yA buhArI)-ye paMcasUnAyeM haiM / inake dvArA kUTanA, pIsanA, rasoI karanA, jala bharanA aura buhArI denA-ye Arambha (hiMsA) yukta kriyAyeM hotI haiM / inase chaha jIvanikAyoM ko virAdhanA hotI hai| aura isa prakAra jIvoM kI virAdhanA tathA mAraNa Adi se sva-para nimitta banAyA gayA AhAra adhaHkarma se dUSita hai / vastutaH muni ke nimitta se banAye hue bhojana meM pAMca sUnAoM se prANiyoM kI hiMsA hotI hai, isalie ise AdhAkarma kahate haiN| jo jilAsvAda lolupI muni aisA AhAra karatA hai vaha zrAvaka hone ke bhI yogya nahIM hai / ataH chayAlIsa doSoM se tathA adhaHkarma se rahita nirdoSa AhAra grahaNa kA vidhAna hai| AhAra sambandhI doSoM ke chayAlisa bheda: __ AhAra sambandhI doSoM ke chayAlIsa bhedoM kA vivecana prastuta haiudagama doSa : " AhAra sambandhI udgama doSa ke solaha prakAra hai-auddezika, adhyadhi, pUti, mizra, sthApita, bali, prAvartita, prAduSkAra, krIta, prAmRSya, parivartaka, abhighaTa, udbhinna, mAlAroha, acchedya aura anisRSTa / 4 / 1. gRhasthAzritaM paMcasUnAsametaM tAvatsAmAnyabhUtamaSTavidhapiNDazuddhi bAhyaM mahA doSarUpamadhaHkarma kathyate / mUlAcAravRtti 6 / 3. 2. kaMDaNI pIsaNI cullI udakuMbhaM pmjjnnii| bIhedavvaM NiccaM tAhiM jIvarAsI se maradi / / mUlAcAra 10135. 3. mUlAcAra 65, 10 // 36. 4. AdhAkammuddeziya ajjhovajjheya pUdimisse ya / Thavide bali pAhuDide pAdukkAre ya kode ya / pAmicche pariyaTTe abhihaDamubhiNNa mAlAroho / acchijje aNisaTaThe uggamadosA du solasime / / -mUlAcAra 6 // 3-4. vRtti sahita.

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272 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 1. auddezika---devatA yA pAkhaNDI yA ina donoM ke nimitta yA sAmAnya sAdhu ke nimitta taiyAra kiyA AhAra audezika doSa yukta hai / pAtrAnusAra isake cAra bheda isa prakAra haiM - (1) uddezya jo koI bhI AyegA una sabako maiM AhAra dU~gA - isa prakAra sAmAnya uddezya se sAdhita AhAra uddezya hai / (2) samuddeza - jo bhI pAkhaNDI AyeMge una sabako maiM bhojana karAU~gA - isa prakAra pAkhaNDI ke uddezya se banAyA gayA bhojana samuddeza hai / ( 3 ) Adeza - jo koI zramaNa arthAt AjIvaka, tApasa, raktapaTa (bauddha bhikSu), parivrAjaka athavA chAtra AyeMge una sabhI ko maiM AhAra dUMgA - isa prakAra zramaNa ke nimitta banAyA samAdeza - jo koI bhI nirgrantha sAdhu prakAra nirgranthoM ke uddezya se banAyA gayA bhojana Adeza kahalAtA hai / ( 4 ) AyeMge una sabhI ko AhAra dUMgA - isa AhAra samAdeza haiM / ' 2. adhyadi doSa :- zramaNa ko AyA huA jAnakara apane lie pakate hue cAvalAdi meM (saMyamI ko dene ke lie) aura bhI adhika cAvala, pAnI Adi milA denA athavA jaba taka bhojana taiyAra na ho jAye taba taka unheM roka lenA adhyadhi doSa hai ise sAdhika doSa bhI kahate haiM / 3. pUtikarma doSa : aprAsuka dravya se mizra huA prAsuka dravya bhI pUtikarmadoSa se dUSita ho jAtA hai / yaha cUlhA, okhalI, kalachI, vartana aura gandha ke nimitta se pA~ca prakAra kA hotA hai / 3 4. mizra doSa : - pAkhaNDiyoM aura gRhasthoM ke sAtha saMyata muniyoM ko bhI siddha huA anna denA mizra doSa hai / * 5. sthApita doSa :- jisa bartana meM bhojana pakAyA thA, bartana se anya bartana meM nikAla kara apane ghara meM (rasoI ghara se anya ke ghara meM rakhanA sthApita doSa hai / 5 6. bali doSa : - yakSa, nAga Adi devoM ke nimitta banAye gaye navedya meM se avaziSTa (bace hue) naivaidya ko bali kahA gayA hai / use muni ko AhAra meM denA athavA saMyatoM ke Ane ke lie balikarma karanA bali-doSa hai / " pakAne vAle usa anyatra ) athavA 1 mUlAcAra 6 / 6. 2. jAvadiyaM uddeso pAsaMDotti ya have samuddeso / samaNottiya Adeso NiggaMthotti ya have samAdesI // - mUlAcAra 6 / 7. vRtti sahita, piNDaniyukti gAthA 230. 3 - 6. mUlAcAra vRtti sahita 618-14.

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AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra : 273 7. prAbhUta (prAvartita) doSa :-kAla kI vaddhi yA hAni karake AhAra denA prAbhUta doSa hai / ise prAvartita doSa bhI kahate haiN| kyoMki isameM kAla kI hAni aura vRddhi se parivartana kiyA jAtA hai| isa taraha AhAra dene meM dAtAra ko kleza, bahuvidhAta aura bahuta Arambha Adi doSa dekhe jAte haiM ataH yaha doSa hai / prAbhUta ke do bheda haiM-bAdara aura sUkSma / kAla kI hAni-vRddhi ko apekSA ina donoM ke bhI do-do bheda haiN|' divasa, pakSa, mahInA aura varSa kA parAvartana karake jo AhAra dAna diyA jAtA hai vaha bAdaraprAbhRta hAni aura vRddhi ko apekSA do prakAra kA hai / jaise zukla pakSa kI aSTamI ko jo AhAra dene kA saMkalpa thA use apakarSaNa karake arthAta kama (hAni) karake zuklA paMcamI ko de denA / athavA zuklA pacamI ko dene ke saMkalpa kA utkarSaNa (vaddhi) karake zuklA aSTamI ko AhAra denaa| ___ isI prakAra pUrva, apara tathA madhya belA kA parAvartana karake AhAra dene se sUkSmaprAbhUta ke do bheda hai / arthAt aparAhna belA meM dene yogya aisA koI maMgala prakaraNa thA kintu saMyata ke Agamana Adi ke kAraNa usa kAla kA apakarSaNa karake pUrvAhna belA meM AhAra de denA / vaise hI madhyAhna meM denA thA kintu pUrvAhna athavA aparAhna meM de denA-yaha sUkSmaprAbhRta doSa kAla kI hAni-vRddhi kI apekSA do prakAra kA ho jAtA hai| 8. prAduSkAra doSa :-AhArArtha sAdhu ke Ane para bartana Adi yahA~-vahA~ le jAnA tathA unheM mA~janA athavA maNDapa Adi khola denA, dIvAloM ko lIpapota kara sApha karanA, dIpaka jalAnA Adi prAduSkAra (prAviSkaraNa) nAmaka doSa hai| isake saMkramaNa aura prakAzana-ye do bheda haiM / bhojana aura bhAjana (bartana) Adi eka sthAna se anya sthAna para le jAnA saMkramaNa hai / tathA bartana va bhojana Adi kA prakAzana karanA arthAt bhasma Adi se mAMjanA yA jala se dhonA athavA una bartanoM ko phailAkara rakha denA prakAzana hai : 9. krItatara doSa :-AhArArtha saMyata muni ke A jAne para (AhAra dene ke nimitta) usI samaya apanI athavA parAI sacitta vastuyeM jaise gAya, bhaiMsa Adi dekara aura usase AhAra lAkara sAdhu ko denA / isI taraha svamantra yA paramantra athavA sva-vidyA yA para-vidyA kisI ko dekara usake badale AhAra lAkara muniko denA krIta doSa hai| isake dravya aura bhAva-ye do bheda hai / isameM sacitta vastuyeM 'dravya' haiM tathA vidyA-mantra Adi 'bhAva' haiM / 1. mUlAcAra vattisahita 6 / 8-14. 2. vahI, 6 / 15 vRtti sahita. . 3. vahI, 6 / 16 vRtti sahita.. ... ... 18 .. .. ...

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274 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 10. prAmRSya (RNa) doSa-odana (bhAta) Adi koI vastu dUsare se RNa (karja) lekara AhAra meM denA prAmRSya doSa hai / isa prakAra ke kArya ko laghuRNa kahate haiN| isake do bheda haiM-vRddhi (byAja) sahita aura vRddhi rahita / arthAt udhAra lAye hue annAdi ko bAda meM byAja sameta denA athavA binA byAja ke utanA hI lauTA denA-ye do bheda haiN| isameM dAtA ko kleza aura parizrama Adi karanA par3atA hai ataH yaha doSa hai|' 11. parivarta (parAvarta) doSa-saMyatoM ko dene ke lie eka anAja ke badale dUsarA anAja lekara arthAt brIhi ke bhAta Adi se zAli ke bhAta Adi lekara AhAra denA parivarta doSa hai / 2 12. abhighaTa doSa-paMktivaddha sAta ghara ke atirikta anya sthAna se annAdi lAkara muni ko denA abhighaTa doSa hai / isake do bheda haiM-dezAbhighaTa tathA sarvAbhighaTa / eka deza se Aye hue bhAta Adi dezAbhighaTa haiN| isake Acinna aura anAcinna-ye do bheda haiN| ghara kI sIdhI paMkti se tIna athavA sAta ghara se AyI huI yogya AhAra rUpa vastu Acinna (grahaNIya) hai tathA isase bhinna arthAt yatra-tatra sthita gharoM se AyI huI anna rUpa vastu anAcinna (agrahaNIya) hai, kyoMki yahA~-vahA~ se Ane meM IryApatha zuddhi na hone ke kAraNa doSa dekhA jAtA hai| saba ora se AyA huA bhAta Adi anna ko sarvAbhighaTa kahate haiN| isake cAra bheda haiM-svagrAma, paragrAma, svadeza aura paradeza / jisa grAma meM muni Thahare hoM vaha svagrAma hai, usase bhinna ko paragrAma kahate haiN| pUrva aura apara muhalle se vastu kA lAnA prathama svagrAma nAmaka sarvAbhighaTa doSa hai| isI taraha anya bheda bhI jAnanA cAhie / arthAt paragrAma se lAkara svagrAma meM denA, svadeza se svagrAma meM, paradeza se lAkara svagrAma athavA svadeza meM denA / isameM pracura mAtrA meM IryApatha doSa dekhA jAtA hai| 13. udbhinna doSa-Dhake hue yA mudrA se banda vastue~ (lAkSA Adi se mudrita athavA Ajakala kI taraha banda DibboM Adi meM Ane vAlA khAdya padArtha) jaise auSadhi, ghI, zakkara Adi ko unake banda bhAjana (pAtroM) kA Dhakkana yA mukha kholakara AhAra meM denA udbhinna doSa hai / 1. mUlAcAra 6 / 17 vRtti sahita. 2-3. mUlAcAra 6 / 18-21 vRtti sahita. 4. pihidaM laMchidayaM vA osahaghidasakkarAdi jaM davvaM / ubbhiNNiUNa deyaM ubbhiNNaM hodi NAdavvaM // vahI 6 / 22. .

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AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra : 275 14. mAlArohaNa doSa-nasainI (kATha ko sIr3hI), kATha Adi ke dvArA mAla arthAt ghara ke UparI bhAga para car3hakara vahA~ para rakhI huI puA Adi vastu ko lAkara denA mAlArohaNa doSa hai|' 15. Achedya doSa-saMyata ko bhikSArtha AyA dekha, rAjA yA cora Adi se Darakara yA nirbala se chInakara lAyA huA AhAra denA Acchedya yA Achedya doSa hai| 16. anIzArtha doSa-anIza arthAt apradhAna, artha (kAraNa) hai jisa odanAdika bhojya padArtha kA vaha bhojana anIzArtha kahalAtA hai| isameM eka dAna detA hai aura dUsarA niSedha karatA hai-isa prakAra ke apradhAna dAtAroM se diyA huA AhAra lenA anIzArtha doSa hai / isake do bheda haiM-Izvara aura anIzvara / Izvara anIzArtha doSa kA artha hai jo svAmI (Izvara) dAna denA cAhatA hai, phira bhI nahIM de pAtA, anya loga (amAtya, purohita Adi) vighna kara dete haiM / yadi aisA dAna muni grahaNa karate haiM to unake Izvara anIzArtha doSa hogaa| isake cAra bheda hai-sArakSa, vyakta, avyakta tathA saMghATaka / jo ArakSoM ke sAtha rahe vaha sArakSa hai / vyakta arthAt . prekSApUrvakArI yA buddhimAna, avyakta arthAt abuddhipUrvaka kArya karane vAlA tathA vyaktAvyakta rUpa puruSa saMghATaka kahA jAtA hai| jisa dAna kA apradhAna (anIzvara) puruSa hetu hotA hai vaha dAna anIzvara anIzArtha doSa hai / isake tIna bheda hai-vyakta, avyakta aura saMghATaka / vastutaH anIzvara dAnAdi kA svAmI nahIM hotA kintu vyakta arthAt prekSApUrvakArI (buddhimAn) ke dvArA diyA gayA AhAra yadi muni grahaNa karate haiM to unake vyakta anIzvara nAmaka anIzArtha doSa hotA hai| isI taraha avyakta arthAt abuddhipUrvaka kArya karane vAle ke dvArA diyA gayA dAna yadi muni lete haiM to unheM avyakta anIzvara nAmaka anIzArtha doSa hotA hai / tathA saMghATaka arthAt vyaktAvyakta anIzvara dvArA diyA gayA AhAra lene meM saMghATaka anIzvara nAmaka anizArtha doSa hai kyoMki isameM apAya dekhA jAtA hai / utpAdana doSaH AhAra ke utpAdana sambandhI solaha doSa haiM / dhAtrI, dUta, nimitta, AjIva, vanIpaka, cikitsA, krodhI, mAnI, mAyAvI, lobhI, pUrvastuti, pazcAt stuti, 1-2. mUlAcAra 6 / 23-24. 3. aNisa heM puNa duvihaM issaramaha NissaraM caduviyappaM / __ paDhamissara sArakhaM vattAvattaM ca saMghADaM / / mUlAcAra 6 / 25. vRttisahita.

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276 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vidyA, mantra, cUrNayoga aura mUlakarma / ' 1. dhAtrI doSa-dhAtrI arthAt mAtA ke samAna bAlaka kA lAlana-pAlana Adi kArya karane vAlI dhAya / ataH dhAtrI kArya karake yA usakA upadeza dekara AhAra grahaNa karanA dhAtrI doSa hai / dhAtrI ke pA~ca bheda haiM-(1) mArjana dhAtrIbAlaka ko snAna karAne vAlI dhAya, (2) maNDana dhAtrI arthAt baccoM ko sajAnesaMvArane vAlI vAya, (3) kroDanadhAtrI arthAt bAlakoM ko krIDA karAne, ramAne vAlo dhAya, (4) kSIradhAtrI-jo bAlaka ko dUdha pilAtI hai vaha stanapAyinI kSIradhAtrI, tathA (5) janmadenevAlI yA sulAnevAlI ambadhAtrI kahalAtI hai / jo ina pA~ca prakAra ke dhAtro-karma karake yA inake upadeza karake AhAra Adi utpanna karAte haiM unako dhAtrI nAmaka utpAdana doSa lagatA hai / 2 / 1. dUta doSa-svagrAma se paragrAma athavA. svadeza se paradeza meM jalamaga sthalamArga athavA AkAzamArga se jAte samaya kisI sambandhI yA gRhastha ke vacanoM (sandeza) ko pahu~cA denA dUtakarma doSa hai / 3. nimitta doSa-nimitta jJAna ke ATha bheda haiM-1. vyaMjana arthAt tila. mazaka Adi, 2. aMga (zarIrAdi ke avayava), 3. svara, 4. chinna (khaDga Adi kA prahAra yA kapar3e Adi kA cheda honA yA kaTa-phaTa-jAnA), 5. bhUmi, 6. aMtarikSa, 7. lakSaNa aura 8. svapna / ina nimittoM ke dvArA zubhAzubha batalAkara badale meM unake dvArA diyA gayA AhAra grahaNa karanA nimitta doSa hai| 4. AjIva doSa-jAti, kula, zilpa, tapaHkarma aura IzvaratA--inheM batalAkara jo AjIvikA karatA hai arthAt dAtA dvArA diyA gayA AhAra grahaNa karatA hai to use AjIva doSa hotA hai| 5. vanIpaka boSa-kuttA,kRpaNa, atithi, brAhmaNa, pAkhaNDI, zramaNa (AjIvaka) aura kauvA-inheM dAna Adi karane se puNya hotA hai yA pApa ? aisA pUche jAne para 'puNya hotA hai'-yadi muni dAtA ke anukUla aisA vacana bola detA hai aura dAtA prasanna ho unheM AhAra detA hai tathA muni use grahaNa karatA hai to dInatA Adi ke kAraNa yaha vanIpaka doSa hotA hai| 1. dhAdIdUdaNimitte AjIvaM vaNivagge ya tegiMche / kodho mANI mAyI lohI ya havaMti dasa ede / / pudI pacchA saMthudi vijjAmaMte ya cuNNajoge ya / uppAdaNA ya doso solasamo mUlakamme ya / / mUlAcAra 6 / 26,27. 2. majjaNamaMDaNadhAdI hallAvaNakhIraaMbadhAdI ya / pacavidhadhAdikammeNuppAdo dhAdidoso du / / vahI 6 / 28. 3. vahI 6 / 29. 4. vahI 6 / 30. 5-6 vahI 6 / 31-32

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AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra : 277 6. cikitsA doSa :-cikitsA zAstra ke ATha bheda hai-(1) kaumAra (bAlavaidya arthAt mAsika, sAMvatsarika Adi pIr3A dene vAle grahoM ke nirAkaraNa ke lie upAyabhUta zAstra, (2) tanucikitsA, (3) rasAyana, (4) viSa, (5) bhUta (6) kSAratantra (sar3e hue ghAva Adi kA zodhana karane vAlI cikitsA), (7) zalAkika arthAt zalAkA se hone vAlI cikitsA tathA (8) zalya cikitsA / inake dvArA gRhastha kA upakAra karake unase AhArAdi lenA cikitsA doSa hai / ' 7-10. krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha doSa :-ina doSoM ke mAdhyama se bhikSA grahaNa karanA / yahA~ AcArya vaTTakera ne ina cAroM doSoM ke cAra udAharaNa (ghaTanAoM sahita) isa prakAra batAye haiM-(1) hastikalpa nAmaka pattana (nagara) meM kisI sAdhu ne krodha karake AhAra kA utpAdana karAke grahaNa kiyA / (2) vennavaTa nagara meM kisI saMyata ne mAna karake, (3) vArANasI nagarI meM kisI sAdhu ne mAyA karake tathA (4) rAsiyANa (rAziyAna deza yA sthAna) meM anya kisI saMyata ne lobha dikhAkara AhAra utpanna karAyA aura grahaNa kiyA / 11-12. pUrva evaM pazcAt saMstuti doSa :-tuma dAnapati, athavA yazasvI ho-isa prakAra dAtA ke sAmane usakI prazaMsA karanA tathA usake dAna denA bhUla jAne para use yAda karA denA pUrvasaMstuti doSa hai / isI taraha dAna lekara punaH prazaMsA karanA pazcAt-saMstuti doSa hai / / 13-14 vidyA tathA maMtra doSa :-jo sAdhita karane para siddha hotI hai unheM sAdhita siddha vidyA kahate haiM tathA jo par3hate hI siddha ho arthAt jo maMtra par3hane mAtra se siddha ho jAtA hai vaha paThitasiddha mantra hai / ina vidyAoM evaM mantroM ko pradAna karane kI AzA dekara tathA unakA mAhAtmya batalAkara dAtA kA AhAra dAna hetu prerita kara AhAra grahaNa karanA athavA AhAra dAyaka (dAtA) devI-devatAoM ko vidyA tathA mantra se bulAkara unako AhAra ke lie siddha karanA vidyA mantra doSa hai|6 1. mUlAcAra 6 / 33. 2. vahI 6 / 34. 3. kodho ya hasthikappe mANo veNAyaDammi Nayaramma / mAyA vANArasie loho puNa rAsiyANammi // vahI 6 / 35, vRtti sahita. 4 kAraMjA kI hastalikhita prati meM "vArANasie" pATha hai / 5. mUlAcAra 6 / 36, 37. "6. mulAcAra 6 / 38-40.

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278 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 15 cUrNa doSa :-netroM ke lie aMjanacUrNa aura zarIra ko bhUSita karane vAle bhUSaNacUrNa-ina cUrNoM ko batAkara AhAra utpanna karAnA cUrNadoSa hai / 16 mUlakarma doSa :-avazoM kA vazIkaraNa karanA aura viyuktajanoM kA saMyoga karAke AhAra utpanna karAnA mUlakarma doSa hai / / -isa prakAra ye solaha utpAdana doSa haiM / eSaNA (azana) viSayaka dasa doSa : zaMkita, mrakSita, nikSipta, pihita, saMvyavaharaNa, dAyaka, unmizra, apariNata, lipta aura choTita (tyakta)-ye dasa azana doSa haiN| 1. zaMkita doSa :-azana, pAna, khAdya aura svAdya-ye cAra prakAra ke AhAra haiM / inake viSaya meM adhyAtma (citta) yA Agama meM aisA sandeha ki yaha yogya hai yA ayogya ?---aisA saMdeha rakhate hue usI AhAra ko grahaNa karanA zaMkita doSa hai|4 2. mrakSita doSa :-cikanAI yukta hAtha, bartana yA kalachI-cammaca se diyA gayA bhojana mrakSita doSa yukta hai / isameM samUrcchana Adi sUkSma jIvoM kI virAdhanA' kA doSa dekhA jAtA hai| 3. nikSipta doSa :-sacitta pRthvI, jala, agni, vanaspati, bIja evaM trasa jIva tathA ina para rakhI huI AhAra yogya vastu bhI sacitta (cittakara sahita jIvayukta tathA aprAsuka) ho jAtI hai| ina jIvakAyoM kI apekSA se vaha vastu bhI chaha bheda rUpa hai| aise AhAra ko lenA nikSipta doSa hai / yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki aMkura zakti ke yogya gehU~ Adi dhAnya bIja kahalAtA hai kyoMki ye bIja jIvoM kI utpatti ke yogya tathA yonibhUta hone ke kAraNa inheM sacitta kahA hai| 4. pihita doSa :-jo sacitta vastu se athavA acitta bhArI vastu se DhakA ho use kholakara diyA gayA AhAra lenA pihita doSa hai / 5. saMvyavahAra doSa :--dAna dene ke lie yadi bartana Adi ko zIghratA se binA dekhe khIMcakara usameM rakhI AhAra yogya vastu do jAne para grahaNa karanA saMvyavahAra doSa hai| 1-2. mUlAcAra 6 / 41-42. 3. saMkidamakkhidaNikkhidaNikkhidapihidaM saMvavaharaNadAyagummisse / ____ apariNadalittachoDida esaNadosAiM dasa ede / vahI 6 / 43. 4-5. vahI, 6 / 44, 45. 6.8. vaho, 6 / 46-48.

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AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra : 279 6. dAyaka doSa :--dhAya, madyapAyI, rogI, mRtaka ke sUtaka sahita, napuMsaka, "pizAcagrasta, nagna, malamUtra karake Aye hue, mUrchA kA rogI yA mUchita, vamana karake Aye hue, rudhira sahita, vezyA, zramaNI (AryikA), tela mAliza karanevAlI, atibAlA (atimugdhA), ativRddhA, khAtI yA cabAtI huI, garbhiNI (pAMca mahIne yA isase Upara garbha vAlI), aMdhalikA (aMdhI), kisI ke Ar3a meM khar3I huI, baiThI huI, U~ce-nIce khar3I huI mahilA Adi dvArA diyA gayA AhAra dAyaka doSa yukta hai / tathA phUMkanA, jalAnA, sAraNa karanA (agni meM lakar3iyA~ DAlanA), pracchAdana (agni ko bhasma Adi se DhakanA), vidhyApana (agni ko jala Adi se -bujhAnA), nirvAta (lakar3o Adi ko agni se haTAkara samApta kara denA) ghaTTana (kuDya Adi vastu vizeSa se agni ko dabA denA) ityAdi agnikArya karate hue Akara ahAra denA bhI dAyaka doSa hai| tathA lopane, mAMjane-dhone kA kArya karake evaM dUdha pIte hue bAlaka ko chor3akara AhAra-dAna karanA dAyaka doSa hai|' 7. unmizra doSa :--pRthvI, jala, haritakAya, bIja evaM sajIva vasa-ina pA~coM se mizra huA AhAra unmizra doSa yukta hotA hai / 8. apariNata doSa :-tilodaka (tila kA dhovana), taNDulodaka, uSNodaka, 'caNodaka (cane kA dhovana), tuSodaka tathA avidhvasta jala jo pariNata nahIM huA hai (agnyAdi se aparipakva) use grahaNa karanA apariNata doSa hai|3 yahA~ avidhvasta se tAtparya hai-apane varNa, gaMdha, 2sa ko nahIM chor3A hai aisA jala, anya bhI usI prakAra se harar3a Adi ke cUrNa se prAsuka nahIM kiye haiM athavA jala meM harar3a Adi kA cUrNa itanA thor3A DAlA hai ki vaha jala apane rUpa, gaMdha aura rasa se pariNata nahIM huA hai, aisA jala grahaNa karanA apariNata doSa hai|4 9. lipta doSa :-geru, haritAla, seTikA (selakhar3I arthAt sapheda miTTI yA khar3iyA), manazila (AmapiSTa athavA cAvala Adi kA cUrNa arthAt ATA) sapravAla (apakva zAka athavA aprAsuka jala) ina vastuoM se lipta yA gIle hAtha athavA vartana se AhAra denA lipta doSa hai| 10. choTita (tyakta yA parityajana) doSa :--hAtha kI aMjuli se bahuta kucha nIce girAte hue yA iSTa padArthoM ko grahaNa karate hue tathA pratikUla padArthoM ko girAte hue athavA girate hue diyA gayA AhAra grahaNa karanA tyakta doSa hai / ye dasa azana doSa sAvadya (hiMsA) karane vAle hone se tyAjya haiM kyoMki inase jIvadayA kA pAlana bhI nahIM hotA aura loka-nindA bhI hotI hai / 1. mUlAcAra 6 / 49.52. 2. vahI 6153. 3. vahI 615.. 4. mUlAcAra vRtti 6154. 5. bahI 6 / 55. 6. vahI, vRtti sahita 6 / 56.

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280 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana saMyojanAdi cAra doSa : __ AhAra ke chayAlIsa doSoM meM bayAlIsa doSoM kA vivecana kiyA jA cukA hai| yahA~ bhojana sambandhI grAsaiSaNA (paribhogaiSaNA) ke saMyojanA, pramANa, aMgAra aura dhUma-ina cAra doSoM kA vivecana prastuta hai 1. saMyojanA doSa :-bhojana aura pAnI Adi ko paraspara milA denA saMyojanA doSa hai| jaise ThaNDA bhojana uSNa jala meM milA denA athavA ThaNDe jala Adi padArtha uSNa bhAta Adi se milA denaa| anya bhI paraspara viruddha vastuoM ko milA denA saMyojanA doSa hai|' 2. pramANa doSa :-atimAtra (atikramaNa karake) AhAra lenA pramANa doSa hai| vyaMjana Adi AhAra se udara ke do bhAga pUrNa karanA aura jala se udara kA tIsarA bhAga pUrNa karanA tathA udara kA caturtha bhAga khAlI rakhanA pramANabhUta AhAra kahalAtA hai / isase bhinna jo adhika AhAra grahaNa karate haiM unake pramANa yA atimAtra nAmaka AhAra doSa hotA hai| pramANa se adhika AhAra lene para svAdhyAya nahIM hotA hai, SaT Avazyaka kriyAoM kA pAlana bhI zakya nahIM hotA hai / jvara Adi roga bhI utpanna hokara saMtApita karate haiM tathA nidrA aura Alasya Adi doSa bhI hote haiM / 2 3. aMgAra doSa :-gRddhiyukta AhAra lenA aMgAra doSa hai| arthAt jo mUchita hotA huA (AhAra meM gRddhatA rakhatA huA) AhAra letA hai usake aMgAra nAmaka doSa hotA hai kyoMki usameM atIva gRddhi dekhI jAtI hai| 4. dhUma doSa :-bahuta nindA, krodha aura dveSa karate hue AhAra lenA ghUma doSa hai / arthAt yaha bhojana virUpaka hai, mere lie aniSTa hai-aisI nindA karake bhojana karanA dhama doSa hai kyoMki isake antargata antaraMga meM saMkleza dekhA. jAtA hai| ____ AhAra sambandhI ye chayAlIsa doSa haiN| jinakA ekatra vivecana zramaNAcAra viSayaka zaurasenI prAkRta ke granthoM meM milatA hai / ardhamAgadhI mUla Agama sAhitya meM bhI inakA vistRta aura spaSTa vivecana milatA hai kintu ekatra rUpa meM nahIM apitu prakIrNa rUpa meM, jaise AdhAkarma, auddezika, mizrajAta, adhvatara, pUti-karma . krIta-kRta, prAmitya, Acchedya, anisRSTa aura abhyAhRta-ye sthAnAGga (9.62) meM batalAe gae haiM / dhAtro-piNDa, dUtI-piNDa, nimitta-piNDa, AjIva-piNDa, vanIpaka 1-2. mUlAcAra 6 / 57 vRttisahita. 3-4. vahI 6 / 58 vRttisahita. 5. dasaveAliyaM : adhyayana 5 kA Amukha pRSTha 179 (jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM)

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AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra : 281 piNDa, cikitsA-piNDa, kopa-piNDa, mAna-piNDa, mAyA-piNDa, lobha-piNDa, vidyApiNDa, mantra-piNDa, cUrNa-piNDa, yoga-piNDa aura pUrva-pazcAt stava-ye nizItha (udde0 12) meM batalAe gae haiM / parivarta kA ullekha AyAracUlA (1.21) meM milatA hai / aGgAra, dhUma, saMyojanA, prAbhRtikA-ye bhagavatI sUtra (7.1) meM milate haiN| mulakarma doSa praznavyAkaraNa (saMvara 1.15) meM hai| udbhinna, mAlApahRta, adhvatara, zaGkita, prathita, nikSipta, pihita, saMhRta, dAyaka, unmizra, apariNata, lipta maura chadita-ye dazavakAlika ke piNDaiSaNA adhyayana meM milate haiN| kAraNAtikrAnta uttarAdhyayana (26.32) aura pramANAtireka bhagavatI (7.1) meM milate haiN| ina doSoM kA prAyaH ekatra vivecana zvetAmbara paramparA ke hI piNDaniyukti (gAthA 92-93, 408-409, 502), pravacanasAroddhAra (gAthA 565-568) tathA paJcAzaka (vivaraNa 13 gAthA 5-6, 18-19 evaM 26) Adi aneka granthoM meM milatA hai| AhAra sambandhI doSoM kA uparyukta vivecana zramaNAcAra viSayaka prAyaH sampUrNa jaina granthoM meM milatA hai, jinheM TAlakara muni ko AhAra grahaNa kA vidhAna hai / bauddha paramparA ke pAli dIghanikAya ke mahAsIhanAdasutta meM "acelakassapa" nAmaka nagna parivrAjaka (jo sambhavataH eka jaina sAdhu hai) ke ullekha prasaMga meM usake Atma zuddhi ke mArga-svarUpa tapa yA kaThora tapazcaryA ke abhyAsa kI prazaMsA kI hai / tathA jise bhikSA-svarUpa bhojana grahaNa karane ke lie aneka pratibandhoM kA pAlana karane vAlA batAyA hai / ye pratibandha isa prakAra haiM-..."""vaha usase jo use bulAtA hai bhikSA nahIM letaa| vaha nimantraNa svIkAra nahIM karatA tathA vaha vizeSa rUpa se usI ke lie pakAye aura lAye gaye, bhojana pakAne vAle pAtra se tatkAla nikAle gaye, daNDadhArI vyaktiyoM tathA bhojana karane vAloM ke bIca se lAye hue, garbhavatI strI tathA bacce ko dUdha pilAtI huI strI dvArA lAye hue tathA jahA~ makkhiyA~ bhinaka rahIM hai, usa sthAna se lAye hue bhojana ko nahIM svIkAra krtaa| vaha yA to kevala eka hI ghara jAtA hai yA bhojana kA ekAhI nivAlA khaataahai"| vaha eka-eka dina bIca dekara"do-do dina""sAta-sAta dina"Adhe-Adhe mAsa para bhojana karatA hai|' dIghanikAya ke isa ullekha ko hama jaina paramparA ke AhAra sambandhI una doSoM kA prAcIna ullekha mAna sakate jina doSoM se rahita vizuddha AhAra grahaNa kA vidhAna zramaNa viSayaka jaina sAhitya meM vizeSa dekhane ko milatA hai| 1. dIghanikAya (1. sIlaksandhavaggo) Amukha pR0 14. 19

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282 : mUlAcAra kA samokSAtmaka adhyayana isa prakAra zramaNoM kA AhAra tathA unakI AhAra-caryA ke prAyaH sabhI pakSoM para yahA~ vizleSaNAtmaka vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isake anusAra muni Adi AcaraNa karake mUlaguNoM aura uttaraguNoM Adi kA pAlana karate hue jIvananirvAha yogya yathAkRta AhAra grahaNa karate haiM tathA jIvana ko saMyama, tyAga aura tapomaya banAkara apane lakSya prApti meM saphala hote haiN|

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vihAra-caryA vihAra caryA zramaNa jIvana kI eka anivArya aura mahattvapUrNa caryA hai kyoMki binA kisI vizeSa kAraNa ke ve sthAyI rUpa se kisI niyata sthAna para nivAsa nahIM karate / ' zramaNa ko bhAraNDapakSI kI taraha vana, aTavI aura grAmAnugrAma Adi meM anAsakta evaM apramatta bhAva se nirantara vicaraNa karate hue apanI sAdhanA meM lIna rahane kA vidhAna hai| vastutaH 'caryA' kA artha mUlaguNa aura uttaraguNa rUpa cAritra hai| vihAra caryA ke 1-viharaNa arthAt pairoM dvArA calanakriyA yA pAda-yAtrA kI caryA', 2-jIvana caryA' tathA 3-samyaka rUpa se samasta yatikriyA karanA' artha kiye gaye haiM / mUlAcAravRtti meM aniyatavAsa arthAt samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritra rUpa ratnatraya kI vizuddhi ke lie samAna rUpa se sabhI sthAnoM para satat bhramaNa karate rahane ko vihAra caryA kahA hai / tathA zivAyaM ke anusAra jo zramaNa vasatikA, upakaraNa, gAMva, nagara, gaNa aura zrAvaka janoM-ina sabameM sarvatra apratibaddha (mamatvarahita) rUpa se rahanA aniyata vihAra hai| agastyasiMha ne bhI sadA eka sthAna meM na rahane aura satata vihAra karate rahane ko aniyatavAsa kahA hai|' isa prakAra aniketavAsa, samudAna caryA, ajJAta kula meM bhikSA grahaNa, ekAntavAsa, upakaraNoM kI alpatA athavA akrodha bhAva aura kalaha kA varjana rUpa vihAra caryA 1. bRhatkalpa bhASya kA0 1136. 2. bhAraNDa-pakkhI va care'ppamatto-uttarAdhyayana 4 / 6. 3. cariyA carittameva, mUluttaraguNa samudAyo-dazavai. jinadAsacUNi pRSTha 370. 4. viharaNa vihAro, so ya mAsakappAi, tassavihArassa caraNaM vihAracariyA -vahI pR0 371. 5. dazavakAlika agastya0 cUNi dvitIya cUlikA gAthA 5. 6. viharaNaM vihAraH-samyak samastayatikriyAkaraNam dvAdazakulaka vivaraNa. 7. vihAro'niyatavAso darzanAdinirmalIkaraNa nimittaM sarvadezavicaraNam -mUlAcAravRtti 9 / 3. 8. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 153 pR. 350. 9. aNiyayavAso vA jato Na Niccamegastha vasiyavvaM kintu viharitavvaM-dazavakAlika -agastya0 cUNi dvitIya cUlikA gAthA 5.

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284 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prazasta rUpa meM karane kA vidhAna hai|' ataH aparigrahI muni ko binA kisI apekSA ke havA kI bhAMti laghubhUta hokara muktabhAva se grAma, nagara, vana Adi se yukta pRthvI para samAna rUpa se vicaraNa karate rahanA cAhie / vihAra caryA kA mahattva : samyagdarzana kI zuddhi, sthitikaraNa, ratnatraya kI bhAvanA evaM abhyAsa tathA zAstrakauzala evaM samAdhimaraNa ke yogya kSetra kA anveSaNa, tIrthakaroM ke janma, nirvANa Adi kalyANaka sthaloM ke darzanoM kA sahaja lAbha zramaNa ko isa vihAra caryA arthAt aniyata vihAra se prApta hotA hai / zivArya ne kahA hai-aneka deza meM vihAra karane se kSudhA-bhAvanA, caryA-bhAvanA Adi kA pAlana hotA hai / aneka dezoM kA parijJAna arthAt anyAnya dezoM meM muniyoM ke bhinna-bhinna AcAra kA jJAna, vibhinna bhASAoM meM jIvAdi padArthoM ke pratipAdana kA cAturya prApta hotA hai| aneka dezoM meM vihAra karate rahane se caryA, bhUkha, pyAsa, zIta aura uSNa kA duHkha saMkleza rahita bhAva se sahana ho jAtA hai / vasati meM mamattva nahIM hotaa| saMvignatara sAdhu (saMsAra kA svarUpa jAnakara isa saMsAra meM Agamana ke prati jisakA mana atyanta bhIta hai aise sAdhu), priyadhamatara sAdhu tathA avadyabhIrutara sAdhu (jo thor3e se bhI azubhayogoM ko nahIM hone detA vaha sAdhu)-ina tIna prakAra ke sAdhuoM ko dekhakara sadA vihAra karane vAlA sAdhu svayaM bhI dharma para atizaya prema karatA hai aura usameM adhika sthira dharma ko dhAraNa karane vAlA hotA haianiyatavAsa se paropakAra hotA hai arthAt paraspara meM eka sAdhu dUsare viziSTa sAdhuoM ko dekhakara svayaM bhI viziSTa banate haiN| aniyata vihArI muni uttama cAritra ke dhAraka hone se unako dekhakara anya muni bhI uttama cAritra evaM yoga ke 1. aNievavAso samudANacariyA annAyauMchaM pairikkayAya / appovahI kalahavivajjaNA ya vihAracariyA isiNaM pasatthA // -dazava dvitIya cUlikA gAthA 5.. 2. muttA NirAvavekkhA sacchaMdavihAriNo jahA vaado| hiMDaMti NirunviggA NayarAyaramaMDiyaM vasuhaM // mUlAcAra 9 / 31. 3. NANAdese kusalo NANAdese gadANa satthANaM / abhilAva atthakusalo hodi ya desappaveseNa ||-bh. A0 148. 4. dharma ke samyak pAlama se naye karmoM kA saMvara hotA hai Age pUrvabaddha karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai tathA dharma' ihaloka sukha aura mokSa sukha denevAlA hai-isa prakAra ke dharma aura dharmaphala meM jinakA citta sadA lIna rahe ve priyadharmatara sAdhu haiN|

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vihAra caryA : 285 dhAraka tathA samyak lezyAvAle banate haiN| isa taraha satat aniyata vihAra se jahA~ anAsakta vRtti se yukta rahate hue apanI Atma sAdhanA meM nirantara vRddhi hotI hai vahIM adhikAdhika jJAnArjana aura janakalyANa kI bhAvanA ke kAryAnvayana kA yoga milatA hai| vihArazIla zramaNa ke bhAva aura katrtavya ... vihArazIla zramaNa ke pariNAma vizuddha hote haiN| ve upazAMtakaSAya yukta, dainyabhAvarahita, upekSAbuddhiyukta hone se upasarga sahana karane meM samartha hote haiM / mAdhyasthabhAva, nispaha evaM nibhRta arthAta kachuve ke sadRza aMga saMkucita karane Adi guNoM se yukta tathA kAmabhogAdi meM Adara rahita hote haiN| jaise mAtA apane putroM ke prati dayAbhAva yukta hotI hai vaise zramaNa bhI isa bhUtala para vihAra karate hue kisI bhI prANI ko kadApi pIr3A nahIM dete apitu sampUrNa prANiyoM ke prati dayA sampanna hote haiN| isIlie pApabhIrU zramaNa vihAra karate hue bhI pApakarmoM se nahIM baMdhate kyoMki ve sAvadha kriyAoM aura pariNAmoM kA sarvathA tyAga karate haiN| isa taraha vihArazIla zramaNa vizuddha dayA sampanna tathA vizuddha pariNAmayukta hote haiN| kahA bhI hai-jo kalpanIya (udgama Adi doSoM se zuddha AhArAdika) aura akalpanIya vidhi ko jAnatA hai, saMsAra se bhayabhIta saMyamI jana jisake sahAyaka haiM aura jisane apanI AtmA ko jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura upacAra vinaya se yukta kara liyA hai, vaha muni rAga-dveSa se dUSita loka meM bhI rAga-dveSa se achUtA rahakara vihAra karatA hai|4 mUlAcAra meM kahA hai ki vihAra karate hue zramaNa ko mArga meM sacitta (ziSya Adi rUpa), acitta (zAstrAdi rUpa) tathA mizra (pustakAdi sahita ziSya)-ina tInoM prakAra ke jo kucha bhI dravya prApta hoM, una sabake grahaNa karane ke yogya AcArya hotA hai arthAt una saba dravyoM kA svAmI aneka guNoM se yukta AcArya hotA hai| ataH zramaNa ko cAhie ki mArga meM prApta sabhI prakAra ke dravyoM ko apane AcArya ke lie samarpita kara de / 1. bhagavatI AgadhanA 147, 146, 144. 2. uvasaMtAdINamaNA uvakkhasIlA havaMti majjhatthA / NihudA alolamasaThA abihmi yA kAmabhogesu / / mUlAcAra 9:38. 3. vahI, 9 / 32, 34. '4. kalpyAkalpyavidhijJaH saMvignasahAyako vinItAtmA / doSamaline'pi loke praviharati muninirupalepaH / / prazamarati prakaraNa 139. 5. jateNaMtaraladdhaM saccittAcittamissama davvaM / tassa ya so Airio arihadi evaM guNo sovi / / mUlAcAra 4157.

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286 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana dazavakAlika meM kahA hai ki sAdhu vihAra karate samaya gRhastha ko aisI pratijJA na dilAe ki yaha zayana, Asana, upAzraya, svAdhyAya bhUmi ye saba mujhe hI taba denA jaba maiM lauTakara aauuN| isI prakAra bhakta-pAna mujhe hI denA-yaha pratijJA bhI na karAe / gA~va, kula, nagara yA deza meM kahIM bhI mamatvabhAva na kre|' vihAra yogya kSetra tathA mArga ___ isa saMsAra meM sUkSma se sUkSma aura bar3e se bar3e saba prakAra ke anantAnanta jIvoM kA nivAsa hai / ataH hamArI halana-calana tathA anyAnya pravRttiyoM se aneka prakAra ke jIvoM kI hiMsA ho jAtI hai-isI bAta ko dhyAna meM rakhakara eka bAra gautama gaNaghara ne tIrthaMkara mahAvIra se pUchA ki jaba jIvoM kI vibhinna pravRttiyoM se kisI na kisI prakAra ke jIvoM kI hiMsA ho jAtI hai taba hama kaisI pravRtti kareM arthAt vaise cale ? kaise khar3e ho ? kaise baiThe ? kaise soye ? kaise khAe ? kaise boleM ? jisase pApabaMdha na ho| taba bhagavAn mahAvIra bole-yatanApUrvaka (apramadAcAra arthAt sAvadhAnIpUrvaka) calane, yatanApUrvaka khar3e hone, yatanApUrvaka baiThane, yatanApUrvaka sone, yatanApUrvaka khAne aura yatanApUrvaka bolane vAlA pApakarma kA bandhana nahIM krtaa| tathA ayatanApUrvaka ukta pravRttiyoM ko karane vAlA trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA karatA hai, jisase pApa-karma kA baMdha hotA hai| jo bhikSu yatnAcArapUrvaka pravRtti karate hue dayAdRSTi se hI sabhI prANiyoM ko dekhane vAlA hotA hai unheM navIna karmabaMdha nahIM hotA tathA pUrvakarma naSTa hote haiN| ' upayukta AcAra-vicAra ko dhyAna meM rakhakara zramaNa ko yogya kSetra tathA mArga meM vicaraNa karanA cAhie / saMyamI ko prAsuka kSetra aura sulabhavRtti arthAt jahA~ zuddha AhAra-jala Adi sahaja rUpa meM upalabdha hoM vaha kSetra svayaM ko aura anyaH muniyoM ko sallekhanA ke yogya samajhakara-aise kSetroM meM vihAra karanA yogya hai / 1. na paDinlavejjA samaNAsaNAI sejjaM nisejjaM taha bhattapANaM / gAme kule vA nagare va dese mamattabhAvaM na kahiM ci kujjA / / . -dazavakAlika dvitIya cUlikA gAthA 8. 2. kadhaM care kadhaM ciTThe kadhamAse kadhaM sye| kadhaM bhuMjejja' bhAsijja kadhaM pAvaM Na vajjhadi / / jadaM care jadaM ciTThe jadamAse jadaM sye| jadaM bhuMjejja bhAsejja evaM pAvaM Na bajjhai ||muulaacaar 101121-122. -dazava0 4 / 7-8. 3. dazavakAlika 41-6. 4. mUlAcAra 10 / 123.

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vihAra caryA : 287 jahA~ gamana karane meM jIvoM ko bAdhA na ho arthAt zrasa aura haritakAya kI bahulatA aura pAnI, kIcar3a kI adhikatA jisa kSetra na ho vaha kSetra deza-dezAntara meM aniyata vihArI sAdhu ke vihAra aura sallekhanA Adi ke yogya hotA hai / " vihAra yogya prAsuka mArga ke viSaya meM vaTTa kera ne kahA hai ki jo mArga bailagAr3I, hAthI kI savArI, DolI, ratha, ghor3e, U~Ta, gAya, bhaiMsa, bakarI, strI tathA puruSa Adi ke AvAgamana se sadA vyasta rahatA ho, sUryAdi ke Atapa se vyApta tathA hala Adi se jotA gayA ho aise mArga aura kSetra vicaraNa ke yogya hai / 2 gamanayoga meM apekSita sAvadhAnI IryAsamiti ke varNana prasaMga meM yaha pahale hI spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki vihAra Adi ke samaya muni ko kisa prakAra gamana karanA yA calanA cAhie aura usameM kisa prakAra kI sAvadhAnI apekSita haiM ? kyoMki zramaNa kI pratyeka kriyA yogayukta hotI hai ata: unakI gamana kriyA gamanayoga kahI jAtI hai / jIva hiMsA kI vividha kriyAoM ke tyAga ke sAtha-sAtha pratyeka jIvana-vyavahAra meM sAvadhAnI kI bhI pUrI AvazyakatA hotI hai / ataH gamana Adi karate samaya zramaNa yuga-pramANa bhUmi ko dekhate hue cale, bIja, ghAsa, jala, pRthvI, trasa Adi jIvoM kA parivarjana karate hue cale / sarajaska pairoM se aMgAra, gobara, kIcar3a Adi para na cale / varSA, kuhAsA girane ke samaya na cle| jora se havA baha rahI ho athavA kITa-pataMga Adi sampAtima prANI ur3ate hoM usa samaya na cle| Upara-nIce dekhatA huA, bAteM karatA aura ha~satA huA na cale / vaha hilate hue takhte, patthara, IMTa para paira rakhakara kardama yA jala ko pAra na kre| khar3e hone ke lie zramaNa sacitta bhUmi para khar3A na ho, jahA~ khar3A ho vahA~ se khir3akiyoM Adi kI ora na jhA~ke, khar3e-khar3e pairoM ko asamAhita bhAva se na hilAye -DulAe arthAt vikSepa na karate hue khar3e honA cAhie / pUrNa saMyama se khar3A rahe harit, udaka, uttiGga tathA panaka para khar3A na ho / baiThane ke lie sacitta bhUmi yA Asana para na baiThe / (picchikA se) pramArjana kie binA na baiThe / galIce, darI Adi para na baiThe / gRhastha ke ghara na baiThe / hAthapaira, zarIra aura indriyoM ko niyaMtritakara baiThe / upayogapUrvaka baiThe | baiThe-baiThe hAtha-pairAdi ko anupayogapUrvaka pasAranA, saMkocanA Adi ayatanA hai / zayana hetu binA pramANita bhUmi Adi para na soye / akAraNa dina meM na soye / sArI rAta na soye / prakAma (pragAr3ha ) nidrA-sevI na ho / pArzva ( karavaTa ) Adi badalate samaya yA 7 1. bhA0 A0 vijayodayA 152. 2. mUlAcAra 5 / 107-109.

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288 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana aGgoM ko phailAte samaya nidrA chor3akara zayyA aura zarIra kA pratilekhana aura pramArjana karanA caahie| rAtri vihAra kA niSedha-pratyeka kArya samaya para karane kA zramaNAcAra meM bahuta mahatva hai / sUryodaya ke bAda se sUryAsta ke pahale taka vihAra karane kA vidhAna hai| isake bAda jaisI bhI sthiti ho use rAtri meM prAsuka sthAna meM ThaharanA Avazyaka hai / zramaNa jahA~ rAtri meM Thahare usake AsapAsa nirdhArita sImA taka AvazyakatA hone para mala-mUtra visarjana ke lie prAsuka sthAna para jA sakatA hai / mUlAcAra meM isakI vidhi bhI batAI gaI hai / 2 kalpasUtra meM kahA hai sAdhuoM aura sAdhviyoM ko rAtri meM athavA vikAla arthAt sAndhya samaya meM tathA sUryodaya ke pahale vihAra karanA nahIM kalpatA / bRhatkalpa meM bhI rAtri vihAra kA niSedha kiyA hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA ki svAdhyAya, dhyAna aura mala-mUtra visarjanArtha bAhara jA sakate haiM kintu akelA jAnA nahIM kalpatA / kyoMki rAtri meM paMthagamana karane meM bhI aneka doSa haiN| bhagavatI sUtra ke ullekhoM ke AdhAra para rAtri vihAra ke niSedha kA yaha kAraNa bhI hai ki rAtri meM apkAyika sUkSma jIvoM ko vRSTi hotI rahatI hai| dina meM garmI ke kAraNa nIce pahuMcane ke pahale hI sUkSma apkAya naSTa ho jAtI hai kintu rAtri meM naSTa hone kI sambhAvanA kama rahane se nIce giratI hai|' ina sabake atirikta rAtri vihAra na karane se zramaNa loka nindA, anyAnya durghaTanAoM tathA aneka vivAdoM Adi se baca jAtA hai aura rAtri vizrAma se dina meM vihAra Adi kI thakAna se vizrAnti prApta karatA hai / tathA sAmAyika, pratikramaNa Adi AvazyakoM ko nirvighna sampanna karatA hai / nadI Adi jalasthAnoM meM praveza tathA nAva-yAtrA zramaNa ko vihAra karate samaya aneka prasaMga aise bhI Ate haiM jaba nadI Adi jalasthAna pAra karake Age jAnA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai aisI avasthA meM digambara 1. dazavakAlika adhyayana 4 sUtra 18-23, gAthA 1-6 tathA dazavakAlika kI agastyasiMhacUNi pRSTha 91-92, jinadAsacUNi pRSTha 158, 159. hAribhadrIya TIkA pRSTha 156, 157, (dasaveAliyaMHTippaNa 4 / 128 pRSTha 159). 2. mUlAcAra 51126. (vizeSa ke lie dekheM : yahI grantha pRSTha 83-84. 3. no kappai niggaMthANaM vA niggaMthINaM vA rAo vA viyAle vA addhANa gamaNAe ettae-kalpasUtra sUtra 13 pR0 69. 4. bRhatkalpa 1145, 47. 5. jisake bIca meM grAma-nagara Adi kucha bhI na hoM use paMtha kahate haiM / 6. saMghadAsagaNi kA bRhatkalpabhASya gAthA 3038-3100. 7. bhagavaI 1 / 6 / 256. sUriyapadaM pRSTha 45.

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vihAra caryA : 289 aura zvetAmbara-donoM hI paramparAoM meM vidhAna ke ullekha milate haiM / zivArya aura aparAjitasUrI ne kahA hai ki jala meM praveza karate samaya paira Adi meM lagI huI sacitta aura acitta kIcar3a, dhUla Adi ko dUra kara denA cAhie tathA jala se nikalakara jaba taka paira na sUkhe taba taka jala ke pAsa hI ThaharanA cAhie / vahA~ se turanta jAnA nahIM caahie| yadi bar3I nadI ko pAra karanA ho to isa ora (kinAre yA pAra) siddha vandanA athavA kAyotsarga kare / isa bAta kA bhI dhyAna rakhe ki zramaNa jaba nAva para car3he taba yaha niyama kara le ki jaba-taka maiM nadI ke pAra na pahu~cUM taba-taka ke lie zarIra, bhojana aura upakaraNoM Adi sabakA tyAga karatA hU~ / isa prakAra pratyAkhyAna grahaNa karake citta ko samAhita kare taba naukA para car3he aura taTa para pahu~cakara kAyotsarga kare / isI prakAra mahAkAMtAra (bar3e jaMgaloM) meM praveza karate aura usase bAhara nikalate samaya bhI cAroM prakAra ke AhAra Adi kA tyAga rUpa niyama karane kA vidhAna hai / AcArAMga meM kahA ki pairoM se calakara pAra na kiyA jA sake-yadi itanA jala ho to nAva meM baiThakara nadI pAra kara sakate haiM kintu vaha nAva Urdhva, adho evaM tiryaggAminI na ho / utkRSTa ekAdha yojana se adhika lambI dUrI na ho tathA gRhastha use saharSa le jAne ke lie taiyAra ho to vidhipUrvaka nAva para sAdhu car3ha sakate haiM / yadi rAste meM bhArabhUta samajhakara nAva kA svAmI sAdhu ko jala meM DAlanA cAhe to unheM svayaM utara jAnA cAhie / kintu hAthoM-pairoM dvArA tairanA nahIM kalpatA / kadAcit bahate-bahate svayaM kinArA A jAe to bAhara nikala jAnA caahie| sAdhu-sAdhvI ke nimitta kharIdI gayI yA unake satkArakartA dvArA taiyAra kI gaI nAva se pAra nahIM hote / nAva ke mAlika kI AjJA se nAva meM baiTha sakate haiN| sAdhu ko nAva calAne yA dhakkA Adi dene, nAva ke cheda banda karane Adi kAryoM ko nahIM karanA cAhie / yadi nAva vAlA sAdhu ko pAnI meM pheMka de to use tairakara kinAre pahu~canA cAhie / pAnI se nikalakara vaha taba taka khar3A rahe jaba taka apane Apa usakA zarIra na sUkha jAye / pairoM se calakara pAra karane yogya nadI Adi ko pAra karane taka cAroM prakAra ke AhAra tyAga karane kA AcArAMga meM bhI vidhAna hai| 1. bha0 A0 152. vijayodayA TIkA sahita pRSTha 193-194(solApura saMskaraNa) , 2. AcArAMga dvitIya zrutaskandha adhyayana 3 uddezyaka 1-2 (aMgasuttANi bhAga 1. pRSTha 142-144. 3. anagAra-dharmAmRta : prastAvanA pRSTha 19. (paM0 kailAzacaMda zAstrI) 4. AcArAMga 2 / 3 / 2.

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290 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana zramaNoM ke Thaharane yogya sthAna-vasatikA ' zramaNa ekAntavAsI hote haiM / aise hI zramaNa nirvighna rahakara Atma-svarUpa ke cintana meM lIna rahakara mana, vacana aura kAya kI azubha pravRttiyoM ko rokate haiM / samiti gupti kA pAlana karate haiN|' ataH zramaNa ko Thaharane ke lie dhyAna aura * dhyeya meM vighna ke kAraNabhUta strI, pazu aura napuMsaka Adi se rahita pradeza vivikta sthAna yogya hotA hai| kyoMki pUjA-pratiSThA ke anicchuka saMsAra, zarIra aura viSayoM se udAsIna Abhyantara tapa meM kuzala, zAnta aura upazamazIla (mandakaSAya) mahA parAkramI tathA kSamAdi pariNAma yukta zramaNa ko zmazAnabhUmi, gahana vana, nirjana" sthAna, mahAbhayAnaka udyAna tathA anya aise hI ekAnta sthAnoM meM rahanA caahie| mUlAcAra ke anusAra giri-kandarAoM, zmazAnabhUmi, zUnyAgAra, vRkSamUla Adi vairAgyavardhaka sthAnoM meM zramaNa Thaharate haiN| kyoMki kalaha, vyagratA bar3hAne vAle zabda, saMkleza bhAva, mana kI vyagratA, asaMyata janoM kA saMsarga, tere-mere kA bhAva, dhyAnatathA adhyayana Adi meM vighna-ina doSoM kA sadbhAva vivikta vasatikAoM meM nahIM hotaa| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM zramaNa ke Thaharane yogya uparyukta sthAnoM ke atirikta una vasatikAoM meM bhI ThaharanA yogya mAnA gayA hai jo udgama, utpAdana evaM eSaNa doSoM se rahita nirjantuka hoM / saMskAra (sajAvaTa) rahita usa vasatikA meM praveza evaM barhigamana kI suvidhA ho, apane uddezya se jisameM lipAI-putAI Adi nahIM karAI ho, jisakI dIvAra majabUta ho, kapATa sahita ho, gAMva ke bAhara aise sthAna meM sthita ho jahA~ bAla, vRddha aura cAra prakAra ke gaNa (saMgha) arthAt muni, AryikA, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA A-jA sakatA ho-aisI vasatikA; udyAnaghara guphA athavA zUnyaghara meM zramaNa Thahara sakate haiM / zUnyaghara, pahAr3a kI guphA, vRkSamUla AgantukoM ke lie banAye gaye vezma (atithizAlA), devakula, zikSAghara, kisI ke dvArA na banAyA gayA sthAna, ArAmaghara (krIDA ke lie Aye hue logoM ke Thaharane ke lie bane AvAsa)-ye saba vivikta vasatikAoM ke antargata Ate hai / 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 232-233. 2. dhavalA 13 // 5, 4, 26 pR0 588. 4. kArtikeyAnuprekSA 446, 447. 4. girikaMdaraM masANaM suNNAgAraM ca rukkhamUlaM vA / / ThANaM virAgabahulaM dhIro bhikkhu NiseveU / mUlAcAra 10159., bodhapAhuDa 42.... 5. bhagavatI ArAdhanA-232. 6. vahI 636-638. 7. suNNAgharagiriguhArukkhamUla aagNtugaardevkule| akadappanbhArArAmagharAdINi ya vivittAI // bha0 A0 231.

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vihAra caryA : 291 zramaNa jisa vasatikA meM Thaharate haiM usameM jisa Asana yA prAsuka sthAna para ve rAtri zayana karate haiM use saMstara kahate haiM / usakA pratilekhana karake usa saMstara para zayana karane kA vidhAna hai| sAyaMkAla aura prAtaHkAla ke samaya jabaki hAtha kI rekhAyeM spaSTa dikha rahI hoM aise prakAza meM saMstara aura AvAsa kA pratilekhana kara lenA caahie|' mUlAcAravRtti meM cAra prakAra ke saMstara batAye haiM'bhUmi, zilA, phalaka aura tRNasaMstara 2 zvetAmbara paramparA ke kalpasUtra meM zramaNa ko Thaharane yogya nimnalikhita vasatikAoM kA ullekha hai-devagRha, sabhA, prapA (pAnIzAlA), Avasatha (paribrAjakagRha), vRkSamUla, ArAmagRha, kandarA, Akara, giriguphA, karmagRha, udyAna, yAnazAlA, kuppazAlA (gRhopakaraNazAlA), yajJamaNDapa (vizrAmasthala), zUnyagRha, zmazAna, layana aura ApaNa / inake atirikta sacitta jala, mRttikA, boja, vana-- spati evaM trasa jIvoM ke saMsarga se rahita, gRhasthoM dvArA svayaM ke lie banavAye hue, prAsuka, eSaNIya ekAntayukta tathA strI, pazu aura paMDaka (napuMsaka) se vajita tathA: prazasta-nirdoSa vasati meM ThaharanA kalpatA hai / Thaharane ke ayogya (varjanIya) kSetra-jina sthAnoM yA kSetroM meM kaSAya kI utpatti, Adara kA abhAva, indriya viSayoM kI adhikatA, striyoM kA bAhulya, duHkhoM aura upasargoM kA bAhulya ho aise kSetroM kA bhikSu varjana (tyAga) kare, arthAt aise sthAnoM meM nahIM ThaharanA caahie| gAya Adi tiryacanI, kuzIla strI, bhavanavAsI, vyaMtara Adi savikAraNI deviyAM, asaMyamI gRhastha-ina sabake nivAsoM kA apramatta zramaNa zayana karane, Thaharane yA khar3e hone Adi ke nimitta sarvathA tyAjya samajhate haiN| jo kSetra rAjA vihIna ho yA jahA~ kA rAjA duSTa ho, jahA~ koI pravrajyA (dIkSA) na letA ho, jahA~ sadA saMyamaghAta kI sambhAvanA banI rahatI ho-aise kSetroM kA zramaNa ko parityAga karanA caahie| 1. mUlAcAra 4 / 72.. 2. mUlAcAravRtti 4 / 72. . 3. kalpasUtra, sUtra 37 pRSTha 112. . 4. jattha kasAyuppattirabhattidiyadAraitthijaNabahulaM / dukkhamuvasaggabahulaM bhikkhU khettaM vivajjeU // mUlAdhAra 1058.. . . 5. vahI 5 / 160. 6. vahI 1060.

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'292 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana AcArya vaTTakera ne hI spaSTa kahA hai jahA~ AcArya, upAdhyAya, pravartaka, sthavira * aura gaNadhara-ye pA~ca AdhAra (anugraha karane meM kuzala) nahIM hoM vahA~ rahanA ucita bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke anusAra gaMdharva (gAyana) zAlA, nRtyazAlA, gajazAlA, azvazAlA, kumbhakArazAlA, yantrazAlA, zaMkha, hAthI-dAMta Adi kA kAma karane vAloM kA sthAna, kolika, dhobI, bAjA bajAne vAle, Doma, naTa Adi ke gharoM ke samIpa tathA rAjamArga ke samIpa ke sthAnoM para, cAraNazAlA, koTTakazAlA (patthara kA kAma karane vAloM kA sthAna), kalAloM kA sthAna, rajakazAlA, rasavaNikazAlA (ArA se lakar3I Adi cIrane kA kAma karane vAloM kA sthAna), puSpavATikA, mAlAkAra kA sthAna, jalAzaya ke samIpa kA sthAna-ye saba vasati ke yogya nahIM haiN| kalpasUtra meM bhI kahA hai ki jo vasati avaHkarma se vyApta hotI hai tathA siMcana, sammAjanA (jhADa.) se kacarA jhAr3anA, jAle haTAnA, ghAsa bichAnA, putAI karanA; lepana karanA, sundaratA ke lie bAra-bAra gobara Adi se lIpanA, ThaNDa dUra karane ke lie agni jalAnA, bartana-bhANDa idhara se udhara rakhanA Adi kArya sAvadha kriyAoM se yukta hote haiM aura jahA~ bhItara-bAhara asaMyama kI vRddhi hotI hai aisI vasati meM ThaharanA nahIM kalpatA / tathA sAdhuoM aura sAdhviyoM ko eka hI dvAravAle, eka hI Ane-jAne ke mArgavAle grAma meM yAvat rAjadhAnI meM eka hI samaya donoM ko nivAsa karanA nahIM kalpatA / mUlAcAra ke anusAra bhI viratoM (muniyoM) ko AryikAoM ke upAzraya (vasatikA) meM Thaharakara zayana, svAdhyAya, AhAra aura vyutsarga Adi karanA nahIM klptaa| 5 vasatikA meM praveza aura vahirgamana kI vidhi zramaNa ke sAmAnya AcaraNa rUpa audhika samAcAra (samyak AcaraNa) ke icchAkAra, mithyAkAra tathAkAra, AsikA, nisIhi (niSedhikA), pRcchA, pratipucchA, chandana, sanimaMtraNA aura upasampat-ina dasa bhedoM meM AsikA aura niSe. dhikA-ina do samAcAroM kA prayoga kramazaH vasatikA meM praveza karate samaya aura 1. tattha Na kappai vAso jatya ime patthi paMca aadhaaraa| AiriyauvajjhAyA pavattatharA gaNadharA ya // mUlAcAra 4 / 155. 2. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 633-634. 3. kalpasUtra : sUtra 37 pRSTha 112. 4. vahI, sUtra 12 pR. 68. 5. mUlAcAra 10161. 6. mUlAcAra 4 / 125-127.

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vihAra caryA : 293 usase bAhara jAte samaya karate haiM / pUrvokta sabhI prakAra kI vasatikAoM meM Thaharane hetu praveza ke samaya Nisohi (nisIhi yA niSedhikA) aura unase jAte samaya AsikA samAcAra karane kA muni ko vidhAna hai kyoMki ina pradezoM yA sthAnoM ke svAmI yA adRzya rUpa se rahane vAle una sthAnoM ke adhiSThAtA devoM kI anumati ke lie "NisIhi' zabda ke uccAraNa pUrvaka 'maiM yahA~ praviSTa ho rahA hU~'---yaha vijJapti denI cAhie tAki unakA anAdara na ho| kyoMki jisa sthAna kA koI manuSya svAmI hotA hai usase to sAkSAt pUchakara hI muni praviSTa hogA kintu jisa sthAna kA koI manuSya svAmI na ho aise parvata kI kandarA, guphA Adi sthAnoM meM praveza karate samaya 'nisIhi' zabda kA uccAraNa karake muni usameM praveza karate haiN| 'nisohi' zabda kA artha pApa kI nivRtti bhI hotA hai| arthAt mere gamanAdi se jo pApa-kriyA huI ho usase maiM nivRtti kI bhAvanA bhAtA huuN| Aja bhI zrAvakajana taka jainamandiroM meM praveza karate samaya "niHsahI" zabda kA uccAraNa karate haiM jo ki pUchakara praveza karane rUpa pUrvokta Azaya kA sUcaka lagatA hai| jisa taraha ina sthAnoM meM praveza ke samaya 'NisIhi' kahakara praveza karane kA vidhAna hai usI taraha ina vasatikA sthAnoM se jAte samaya 'AsiyA' (AsikA) zabda ke uccAraNa dvArA "maiM yahA~ se jA rahA hU~ aba Apa virAjie"-isa rUpa vijJapti karane kA vidhAna hai / usa sthAna ke adhiSThAtA deva yA gRhastha svAmI se pUchakara jAne aura usa sthAna ke svAmI ko vaha sthAna sauMpa dene ke lie 'AsikA' zabda kA uccAraNa karate haiM / ArzIvAdAtmaka hone se bhI ise AsikA samAcAra kahate haiN| ahiMsA mahAvata kI dRSTi se yaha bhI vidhAna hai ki jisa vasatikA meM ThahareM vaha sthAna uSNa yA zItala ho sakatA hai ataH jaba bhI vahA~ se bAhara nikaleM taba usase pUrva apanI picchikA se apane zarAra kA pramArjana bhI karanA cAhie tAki zItakAya aura uSNakAya ke jIvoM ko paraspara pratikUla vAtAvaraNa se bAdhA na ho / isI taraha zveta, lAla yA kAle guNavAlI bhUmiyoM meM se kisI eka se gujarakara dUsarI meM praveza ho taba kamara se nIce pramArjana karanA cAhie / anyathA viruddha yoni ke saMkrama se pRthvIkAyika jAvoM ko aura usa bhUmi meM utpanna hue trasa jIvoM ko bAdhA hotI hai / 1. kaMdarapuliNaguhAdisu pavesakAle NisIhiyaM kujjaa| tehito .NiggamaNe tahAsiyA hodi kAyavvA mUlAcAra 4 / 134. tathA aura bhI dekheM-bhAvapAhuDaTIkA 78 pR0 229, anagAradharmAmRta 8 / 130. 2. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 152 kI vijayodayATIkA pRSTha 193 (solApura saMskaraNa 1978.) mUlArAdhanA TIkA pR0 344.

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294 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana "ekAko vihAra aura usakA niSedha zramaNa jovana meM pratikSaNa jAgrata rahane kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / saMgha meM rahakara sAdhanA karane se bAhya sahAyaka sAdhana upalabdha rahate haiM jisase sAdhanA nirvighna calatI hai| kintu sAdhu-veSa dhAraNa karake bhI saMgha meM na rahakara athavA apanI kamajoriyoM ko dUra na karake unakI pUrti hetu saMgha se alaga hokara svacchaMda pravRtti hetu ekAkI vihAra karanA zramaNa ke lie niSiddha hai| jaina zAstroM meM gRhItArtha aura agrahItArtha saMzrita-mAtra ye do prakAra ke vihAra batAye haiM / ina do ke atirikta anya kisI bhI prakAra arthAt ekAkI yA anya tIsare vihAra kA vidhAna jinendradevoM ne nahIM kiyA hai / gRhItArtha vihAra kA artha hai jIvAdi tatvoM ke svarUpa ke jJAtA hokara cAritra pAlana karate hue dezAntaroM meM vihAra (gamana) karanA / tathA agRhItArtha saMzrita vihAra se tAtparya jIvAdi tatvoM ke jJAna ke binA bhI cAritra kA pAlana karate hue dezAntara gamana arthAt vibhinna kSetroM meM vihAra karanA hai|' ekAkI vihAra kA niSedha karate hue AcArya baTTakera ne kahA hai ki gamana, Agamana "zayana, Asana, vastugrahaNa, AhAra grahaNa, bhASaNa, malamUtrAdi visarjana-ina saba kAryoM meM svachanda pravRtti karane vAlA koI bhI zramaNa merA zatru bhI ho to vaha bhI ekAkI vihAra na kare / kyoMki apane guru aura saMgha ke anuzAsana meM rahakara sAdhanA na karake zayana, Asana, vastugrahaNa, bhikSAgrahaNa, mala-mUtra visarjana, bolanA tathA gamanAgamana arthAt dezAntara vicaraNa Adi kAryoM meM svachanda pravRtti karanA ekAkI vihAra hai / kahA bhI hai-AcAryakula (zramaNasaMgha) ko chor3akara jo zramaNa 'ekAkI hokara svachanda vihAra karatA hai, bolatA hai aura upadeza (zikSA) diye jAne para bhI grahaNa nahIM karatA vaha pApazramaNa hai / tathA jo sAdhu pahale ziSyapanA prApta kiye binA hI svayaM AcAryatva dhAraNa karAne hetu utAvale rahate haiM - ve aise pUrvApara viveka rahita sAdhu aMkuzahIna matta hAthI kI taraha bhramaNa karane vAle DhoDhAcArya (DhuMDhAyario) hI kahe jAne yogya haiM / ataH jo durjanavacanoM se yukta pUrvApara vicAra rahita bhASaNa karatA hai unake vacana nagara ke gande nAloM se bahane vAle pAnI kI taraha sadA kUr3A-kacarA dhAraNa karane vAle (durgandhita aura maile) 1. gihidatthe ya vihAro vidiyo'gihidatthasaMsido cev| . eto tadiyavihAro gANuNNAdo jiNavarehiM ||muulaacaar 4 / 148. 2. sacchaMdagadAgadIsayaNaNisayaNAdANabhikkhavosaraNe / ___sacchaMdajaMparoci ya mA me sattavi egagI // vahI 4 / 150. 3. mUlAcAra 10168. 4. AyariyattaNa turio puvvaM sissattaNaM akAUNaM / hiMDaI DhuMDhAyario NiraMkuso mattahatyivva // vahI 10 / 69.

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vihAra caryA : 295 hote haiN| jaise Ama kA vRkSa durAzraya ke dvArA nimbatva (kaDuvepana) ko prApta hotA hai vaise hI dharmAnurAga meM AlasI (maMdasaMvegI) tathA samAcArahIna (apuSTadharmo) muni kA Azraya karane se acche mu niyoM meM bhI ye doSa A jAte haiM / ataH ina doSoM se yukta muniyoM kA saMga kabhI nahIM karanA cAhie / kyoMki ghor3e kI loda ke samAna bAhara se acchA kintu jo andara se kuthita (niMdya aura ghRNita) bhAvayukta hai, aura bAhya meM bagule ke sadRza kriyA aura cAritra se yukta hai usa muni ke bAhya vRkSamUla Adi yoga dhAraNa bhI kisI kAma kA nahIM hai|' apanI kamajoriyoM ko chipAne ke lie jo muni svacchanda hokara ekAkI vihAra meM pravRtta hotA hai vaha doSa prakaTa hone ke bhaya se saMgha meM anyazramaNoM ke sAtha rahane se DaratA hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke kartA zivArya ne isa prakAra ke zramaNa ko yathAchanda nAmaka pApazramaNa kahA hai / yathA -yathAindriya aura kaSAya ke doSa se athavA sAmAnya yoga se virakta hokara jo cAritra se gira jAtA hai vaha sAdhusaMga (saMgha) se alaga ho jAtA hai / sAdhusaMgha se nikalakara parvAcAryoM dvArA akathita (nahIM kahe gaye) Agama viruddha mArga kI apanI icchAnusAra kalpanA karatA hai / indriya aura kaSAya kI prabalatA ke kAraNa vaha Agama ko pramANa nahIM mAnatA aura apanI icchA ke anusAra jinendra dvArA kahe gaye artha ko viparIta rUpa se grahaNa karatA hai / isa prakAra zramaNa Rddhi gArava' rasa gArava aura sAta gArava-ina tIna prakAra ke gArava ke kAraNa abhimAnI ho jAte haiM tathA gRddhi, kuTilatA, Alasya, udyogarahita, lobha aura pApabuddhi svabhAva ke kAraNa gaccha (RSi samudAya yA saMgha) meM rahate hue bhI apanI zithilAcAra pravRtti ke kAraNa sabhI ke sAtha rahanA nahIM cAhate / / 1. mulAcAra 1071, 70,73. 2. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 1310-1312 3. gArava ko gaurava bhI kahate haiM / arthAt dUsaroM ko tiraskRta evaM hIna pragaTa karane ke lie garva yA abhimAna vaza svayaM ko zreSTha siddha krnaa| Rddhi gArava se tAtparya hai ziSya, pustaka, picchI aura kamaNDalu Adi mere upakaraNa jitane sundara haiM vaise anya muniyoM ke nahIM-aisA garva karanA aura dUsaroM ko tiraskRta krnaa| 4. mujhe AhArAdi meM susvAdu aura acche padArtha milate haiM-aisA garva karanA rasa gArava hai| 5. maiM bar3A hI sukhI hU~ / ityAdi garva karanA sAta gArava hai / 6. gAravio giddhiyo mAillo alasaluddhaNiddhamo / gacchevi saMvasaMto Necchai saMghADayaM maMdo / mUlAcAra 4153.

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296 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ekAko vihAra kA niSedha kyoM ? __saMgha ke madhya meM uttamArtha (mokSa) ko ArAdhanA karanA sarala hotA hai|'' kyoMki AcArya usa saMgha ke nAyaka hote haiM jo nirantara sAvadhAna rahate haiM / unake dvArA sAdhuvarga ko bAra-bAra sanmArga meM lagAyA jAtA hai| AcArya apane dvArA bhAvanA Adi meM niyukta usa sAdhuvarga kI indriyarUpI coroM aura kaSAyarUpI aneka jaMgalo hiMsaka jAnavaroM se rakSA karatA hai| aura isa taraha saMsArarUpI mahAvana ko pAra kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu jo sAdhu cAritrabhraSTa sAdhuoM kI kriyA karatA hai vaha asaMyamI hokara sAdhusaMgha se bAhara hokara mokSamArga se dUra ho jAtA hai| isIlie aneka doSoM ke kAraNa ekAkI vihAra kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai ekAkI vihAra meM aneka doSa hai yathA-guru kI nindA, zrutAdhyayana kA vyuccheda. tIrtha (jina zAsana) meM malinatA, mUrkhatA (jar3atA), vihvalatA (AdulatA), pArzvasthatA tathA AtmanAza bhI sambhava hai / kAMTe, sthANu, krodhayukta kutte. baila, sarpa tathA anyAnya hiMsaka jAnavara, mleccha, viSa, ajINaM (visUcikA yA haijA) Adi ke dvArA AtmaghAta rUpa vipattiyoM ke prasaMga bhI upasthita ho sakate haiN| ekalavihArI zramaNa ko AjJAkopa (atiprasaMga), mithyAtvArAdhana, AtmanAza, samyagdarzana jJAnacaritra ina guNoM kA vidhAta evaM saMyama kI virAdhanA-ye pAMca pApasthAna mAne gaye haiM / zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI kahA hai ki ekAkI vihAra meM strI-prasaMga kI sambhAvanA, kutte Adi jAnavaroM aura zatruoM kA bhaya rahatA hai / bhikSA kI vizuddhi nahIM rahatI mahAvratoM ke pAlana meM jAgarUkatA nahIM rahatI / ataH ekAkI na rahakara sAtha (saMgha) meM rahanA caahie| kahA bhI hai ki muni gurukula (guru kI AjJA meM athavA gaccha yA gaNa) meM rahe, svachaMda vihArI hokara akelA na vicare gurukula meM rahane 1. sakkA hu saMghamajje sAhedUM uttama ag-bha0 A0 gAthA 1555. 2. vahI gAthA 1284-1285. 1288. 3. mUlAcAra 4 / 151, 152, 4. ANA aNavatthAviya micchattArAhaNAdasAoya / saMjamavirAhaNAviya ede duNikAiyA ThANA / / vahI 4 / 154. egAgiyassa dosA itthI sANe taheva paDiNIe / bhikkha visohimahanvaya tamhA sevijja dogamaNaM |uttraadhyyn kI AcArya nemicandra kRta TIkA patra 214 pada uddhRta gAthA / (uttarajjhayaNANi bhAga 2 pR0 122.) 6. uttarAdhyayana 11314 vRhadvRtti 347.

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bihAra caryA : 297 | darzana aura cAritra meM sthiratA AtI hai / ve se use jJAna kI prApti hotI muni dhanya jo jIvana paryanta 'gurukula vAsa' nahIM chor3ate / ' ekala bihArI kauna ? - jo muni bahuta kAla se dIkSita haiM, jJAna, saMhanana aura bhAvanA se balavAn aise muni ekala vihArI ho sakate haiM / " arthAt jo zramaNa bahuta kAla se dIkSita rahakara bAraha prakAra ke tapa kI ArAdhanA karate haiM, bAraha aMga aura caudaha pUrvo ke jJAtA haiM athavA usa kAla-kSetra ke anukUla Agama ( sUtra ) ke jJAtA haiM tathA prAyazcitta Adi zAstroM (sUtroM) ke bhI jJAtA haiM / zarIra kI zakti aura haDDiyoM ke bala se athavA bhAva bala rUpa sattva evaM dhairya se yukta haiM / zarIrAdi se bhinna ekatva bhAvanA meM tatpara haiM / vajra - vRSabha - nArAca Adi tIna saMhananoM meM se kisI uttama saMhanana ke dhAraka haiM, dhRti yukta kSudhAdi bAdhAoM ko sahana karane meM samartha hai : aise zramaNa ko hI ekala vihArI hone kI jinendradeva ne AjJA dI hai / " 3 anya sAdhAraNa muniyoM ke lie aura vizeSakara isa paMcama kAla meM ekAkI vihAra kA vidhAna nahIM hai / zvetAmbara paramparA ke sthAnAGga sUtra meM ekalavihAra pratimA ke antargata ekalavihArI hone ke lie ATha mAnadaNDa ullikhita haiM 1 - zraddhAvAn 2 - satyavAn 3 - meghAvI ( zrutagrahaNa kI meghA se sampanna ), 4 - bahuzrutatva, 5 - zaktimAn (tapasyA, sattva arthAt bhaya aura nidrA ko jItane kA abhyAsa, sUtra, ekatva aura bala-- ina pA~ca tulAoM se jo apane ko tola letA hai vaha zaktimAn hai ), 6-alpAdhikaraNa (akalahatva) 7 - dhRtimAn aura 8 - vIryasampannatA - ye ATha yogyatAyeM ekAkI vihAra hetu anivArya hai| kabhI-kabhI kahIM aisI sthiti sAmAnya zramaNa ko ko A sakatI hai ki saMyama-niSTha sAdhuoM kA yoga prApta na ho to saMyamahIna ke sAtha rahanA zreyaskara nahIM hotA, bhale hI kadAcit use akele rahane kI sthiti A jaae| isI bAta ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue zvetAmbara paramparA ke hI dazakAlika meM kahA hai - yadi kadAcit apane se adhika guNI athavA apane samAna guNa vAlA 1. NANassa hoi bhAgI thirayarago daMsaNe carite ya / dhannA AvakahAe gurukulavAsaM na muMcati / / uttarAdhyayana 11 / 14 kI cUrNi pRSTha 198. 2. jJAnasaMhananasvAMta bhAvanA balavanmuneH / cirapravrajitasyaika vihArastu mataH zrute // AcArasAra. 27. 3. tavasuttasattaegattabhAva saMghaDaNa ghidi samaggo ya / paviAAgamabalio eyavihArI aNuNNAdo // mUlAcAra vRtti sahita 4 / 149. 4. ThANaM 811. pRSTha 787. tathA 823. 20

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298 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana nipuNa sAthI sAdhuna mile to pApa karmoM kA varjana karatA huA kAma bhogoM meM anAsakta raha akelA hI vihAra kare / sAmAnya zramaNa ke lie yaha kathana ApavAdika ho sakatA kintu ekAko vihAra pratyeka muni ke lie vihita nahIM hai / jisakA jJAna samRddha hotA hai, zArIrika saMhanana sudRDha hotA hai vaha AcArya kI anumati pAkara hI ekala-vihAra pratimA svIkAra kara sakatA hai / 2 isa prakAra ekAkI vihAra kA digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM paramparAoM meM sAdhAraNa sAdhu ke lie niSiddha hai / kintu jinakalpI athavA isake jaise aneka guNoM se yukta tathA uparyukta mAnadaNDa sampanna viziSTa zramaNa ko ekAkI vihAra kA bhI vidhAna hai / upasaMhAra-vihAracaryA viSayaka uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki mUlAcArakAra Adi ne isa sambandha meM bahuta hI sUkSma ora spaSTa vivecana kiyA hai| vastutaH zramaNoM kI pratyeka caryA saMyama aura samiti pUrvaka hotI hai / zramaNAcAra pAlana meM rAga-dvebAdi jina kAraNoM se dUSaNa kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai, una sabase ve dUra rahate haiM / eka sthAna para sthiravAsa bhI rAga-dveSa kI abhivRddhi meM bahuta sahAyaka hotA hai / ataH ve sthiravAsa ko chor3akara vihAra caryA meM nirantara lIna rahate haiM / sampUrNa jIvana eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna vihAra karate haiM / cAhe vaha grAma ho yA nagara, bhayAnaka jaMgala ho yA guphA sarvatra havA kI bhA~ti apramattabhAva se naMge paira hI paidala vicaraNa karate rahate haiM / kisI prakAra ke vAhana kA prayoga nahIM karate / aise hI aniyata bihArI zramaNa jaldI hI ratnatraya kI bhAvanA aura usake abhyAsa, zAstra kauzala tathA samAdhimaraNa ke yogya kSetra, guru Adi kI prApti sahaja meM hI kara lete haiM / mahAn jaina dharma, saMskRti aura sAhitya kI jo prAcIna kAla se hI samRddha evaM avichinna paramparA Aja taka pravAhita haiM usake antaH meM aise hI agaNita zramaNoM kA mahAn tyAga hai / ve kitane sAmarthyazIla zramaNa hoMge jo zramaNAcAra kA vizuddhatApUrvaka pAlana karate hue dharma evaM jJAna ke pracAra tathA vipula evaM vividha sAhitya ke praNayana meM tatpara rahate the / ina zramaNoM ke aniyata vihAra caryA se anAsakta pravRtti meM vRddhi, jJAnAyatana, dharmAyatana kA vikAsa tathA vibhinna zramaNoM, AcAryoM ke anubhava evaM samparkoM se jJAnArjana, zAstrAbhyAsa kA lAbha evaM kalyANakArI tattvoM ke prasArapracAra dvArA sva para kalyANa kI bhAvanA meM abhivRddhi hotI hai / ataH varSAvAsa 1. nayA labhejjA niuNaM sahAyaM guNAghiyaM vA guNao samaM vA / ekko vi pAvAI vivajjayaMto viharejja kAmesu asajjamANo // - dazaveAliyaM dvitIya cUlikA gAthA 20 pR0 522, 530, 2. vahI, TippaNI 31. pR0 530.

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vihAra caryA : 299 evaM anya vizeSa paristhitiyoM ke atirikta zramaNoM ko sadA vihAra karate rahane kA vidhAna hai| mUlAcArakAra ne jahAM zramaNa ke lie aniyata vihAra ko vivakSA kI hai vahIM ekAkI vihAra kI ghora nindA bhI kI hai / isameM mukhya yahI dRSTi rahI hai ki ekAkI vihAra meM saMyama ko virAdhanA satat banI rahatI hai| jabaki sasaMgha athavA do se adhika zramaNoM ke sAtha vihAra karane meM aisI sambhAvanA nahIM rahatI / vastutaH saMyama pAlana meM paraspara ke AdarzoM aura preraNAoM kI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA hotI hai / isase zramaNa aneka doSoM se svAbhAvika rUpa meM bacA rahatA hai| isI dRSTi se ekAkI vihAra kA niSedha kiyA gayA /

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vyavahAra zramaNAcAra ke prasaMga meM sAmAnyataH zramaNoM ke AcAra, vicAra, vidhi-niSedha aura pravRtti-nivRtti kI vyavasthA aura usake AdhAra ko vyavahAra kahA jAtA hai / vyavahAra ke antargata muni ke karttavya aura akarttavya ke nirdeza hone se mumukSu kI pravRtti-nivRtti ko bhI vyavahAra kahA jAtA hai / sAmAnya AcAra ko bhI vyavahAra kahA gayA hai / jaina AcArazAstroM meM muniyoM ke samyak AcAra yA vyavahAra ke lie 'samAcAra' sAmAcAra, samAcArI tathA sAmAcArI zabdoM kA prayoga milatA hai / AcAra, vyavahAra evaM itikartavyatA ko samAcArI kahate haiM / mUlAcAra meM samAcAra zabda ke cAra artha kiye gaye haiM-samatA bhAva kA AcAra, samyakAcAra, samasta zramaNoM kA ahiMsA mahAvratAdi rUpa samAna AcAra tathA samAna parimANa yukta aacaar| ___ AcAra viSayaka prAyaH sabhI zAstroM se 'vyavahAra' zabda 'prAyazcitta' ke artha meM bhI prayukta hotA hai / yaha vyavahAra zramaNa saMgha kI vyavasthA kA AdhAra-bindu rahA hai. jisake mAdhyama se caturvidha saMgha ko nirantara jAgarUka, apramatta aura vizuddha rakhane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| ataH cAritra kI ArAdhanA tathA Atmika vikAsa meM vyavahAra kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| zramaNa kA jIvana-vyavahAra jIvana-vyavahAra adhyAtmazodha kA sarvotkRSTa mArga hai / saccA zramaNa samAja se jitanA letA hai usase kahIM adhika detA hai| usake dainaMdina jIvana-vyavahAra meM pUrNa svAvalambana rahatA hai / mAtra zarIra kI AvazyakatA ko pUrA karane ke lie bhautika sAdhanoM kA kama se kama upayoga karatA hai / vaha inakA arjana aura saMcaya bhI nahIM karatA / unake jIvana kA pratyeka kSaNa aura vyavahAra AtmotkarSa kI sAdhanA ke nimitta aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM ke paripekSya meM hotA hai / unake AcAravicAra kA sarvasva ahiMsA para AdhArita hai| pratyeka vyavahAra yatnAcAra pUrvaka, mana, vacana aura kAya kI vizuddhatA se yukta hotA hai / hita, mita aura priya vAkvyavahAra unake jIvana kA pramukha aMga hai / aparigraha aura brahmacarya kI sampUrNatA unake zrAmaNya kA pramukha aMga hai / gamana, bhASaNa, AhAra, vastuoM ko uThAnA1. samadA sAmAcAro samo va AcAro / savasi sammANaM sAmAcAro du AcAro // mUlAcAra 4 / 123. 2. vyavahAraM-prAyazcittaM....bha0 A0 vijayodayA 450.

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vyavahAra : 301 rakhanA evaM mala-mUtrAdi kA visarjana-ye sabhI kArya pUrNa sAvadhAnI se samitipUrvaka karate haiM / jitendriya rahate huye sAmAyika, stava, vaMdanA, pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna tathA kAyotsarga-ina chaH Avazyaka kAryoM meM yathAvidhi satat saMlagna rahate haiM / ___ aniyata vihArI ve zramaNa guphA, vana yA aisI ekAnta vasatikA meM Thaharate haiM jahA~ prANI mAtra ko jAne-Ane meM kisI taraha kI bAdhA na hotI ho / AhAra bhI gRhastha ke svekSApUrvaka dene para apane hAthoM kI aMjulipuTa banAkara khar3e-khar3e dina meM eka bAra grahaNa karate haiN| keza bar3hane para unheM kaiMcI Adi se kATate nahIM hai, apitu apane hAthoM se unakA lucana kara lete haiN| snAna Adi nahIM karate / paidala naMge paira hI calate hue grAmAnugrAma Adi sthAnoM meM sadA vihAra karate haiM, kisI prakAra kI savArI kA upayoga nahIM karate / vastrAbhUSaNoM ko mUrchA (Asakti yA mamatvabhAva) kA kAraNa samajhakara unakA sarvathA tyAgakara dete haiM aura saba RtuoM meM nagna rahate haiM / bhUmi yA isa jaise nirjantuka sthAnoM para sote haiM, dAtIna karane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rhtii| gRhasthoM se adhika mamatva na bar3he isake lie ve eka sthAna para nirantara bahuta adhika nahIM Thaharate haiN| isa prakAra aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM kA pAlana zramaNa jIvana ke kasauTopUrNa vyavahAra hai| inhIM kI maryAdAoM ke antagaMta ve apane samasta vyavahAroM meM pravRtta hote haiN| mUlaguNoM ke atirikta uttaraguNoM ke vyavahAra se zramaNa jIvana meM pUrNatA AtI haiM / inameM dasa dharma evaM bAraha prakAra ke tapoM kA AcaraNa, darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa aura vIrya---ina pA~ca AcAroM kA pAlana tathA nirantara vairAgyavRddhi hetu bAraha anuprekSAoM (bhAvanAoM) kA cintana karate hue Atma-kalyANa meM ye zramaNa sadA kendrita rahate haiN| kaluSatA, moha, icchA, rAga-dveSa Adi azubha bhAva, tathA pApa ke kAraNabhUta vikathAoM ke bhASaNa kA tyAga, baMdhana, chedana, saMkocana, prasAraNa Adi rUpa zArIrika, mAnasika evaM vAcika kriyAoM se yukta hokara gupti kA pAlana karate haiM / pramAda rahita tathA saMyamaghAtaka kAryoM ko chor3akara apane zrAmaNya jIvana meM samatApUrvaka bAIsa parISahoM ko svecchApUrvaka sahate haiM / sabhI prANiyoM se unakA sahaja maitrIbhAva hotA hai / ve pUrNa aparigrahI hote haiM ataH auSadhi, AhAra Adi kA dAna to ve nahIM kara sakate kintu sabhI prANiyoM ko abhayadAna dete haiM / mUlAcAra meM kahA hai-muni maraNa ke bhaya se bhayabhIta sabhI jIvoM ko abhayadAna (jIvanadAna) detA hai kyoMki vaha sUkSma se sUkSma jIva kA mana-vacana-kAya tathA kRta-kArita-anumodanA se ghAta nahIM karatA, na kisI prakAra kI bAdhA pahuMcAtA hai isalie yahI abhayadAna sabhI dAnoM meM uttama tathA sabhI

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302 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana yoga-anuSThAnoM yA AcaraNoM meM pradhAna hai| jisane samasta jIvoM ko prIti kA Azraya dekara abhayadAna diyA hai usa mahAtmA ne saba tapa aura saba dAna kiye haiN| isa prakAra zramaNa ke samasta jIvana vyavahAra kA lakSya mUlaguNoM, uttaraguNoM evaM zIlaguNoM Adi kA vizuddhatApUrvaka pAlana karate hue sampUrNa AdhyAtmika vikAsa para kendrita hotA hai / vyavahAra (loka vyavahAra) kI zuddhi ke lie aura paramArtha kI siddhi ke lie kramazaH laukika aura alaukika jugupsA (nindA, gardA yA ghRNA) kA tyAga kara denA cAhie / sAmAnya vyavahAra zramaNa ke sampUrNa vyavahAra samadRSTi kI prApti ke lie hote haiM / ve jIvanamaraNa, lAbha-alAbha iSTa-aniSTa, svajana-parajana, saMyoga-viyoga ityAdi meM rAgadveSarahita hokara samatvayoga kI sAdhanA karate haiN| satraha prakAra kA saMyamapUrNa vyavahAra zramaNa kI sahaja pravRtti kA dyotaka hai / isake antargata pRthvI, apa, teja, vAyu tathA vanaspati--ye pAMca sthAvara kAya tathA dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturendriya tathA paMcendriya-ye cAra sajIva-inakI rakSA se nau prakAra kA prANisaMyama tathA tRNAdika kA chedana na karake ajIva kAya ko rakSA, apratilekhana, duSpratilekhana, upekSAsaMyama, apahRtasaMyama tathA mana, vacana va kAya kA saMyama-ye ATha prakAra kA saMyama-isa prakAra kula satraha prakAra ke saMyama kA ve nirantara prayatnamana se pAlana karate haiN| kahA bhI hai-zramaNa ko saMyama (cAritra) kI virASanA na karate hue loka vyavahAra kA zodhana prAyazcittAdi dvArA karanA cAhie / tathA vratoM ko bhaMga na karate hue vyavahAra nindA kA bhI parihAra kara denA cAhie / arthAt jisa kArya se loka meM evaM viziSTa janoM meM nindA hotI ho usa kArya kA tyAga kara denA cAhie aura ahiMsAdi vratoM kI kabhI virAdhanA na karate hue vyavahAra zuddhi kA pAlana kareM" / teraha prakAra kI kriyAoM meM pAMca 1. maraNabhayabhIrUANaM abhayaM jo dehi sandhajIvANaM / taM dANANa vi dANaM taM puNa jogesu mUlajogaM pi / / mUlAcAra 10 // 48. 2. jJAnArNava 8154. 3. vavahArasohaNAe paramaTThAe tahA pariharau / duvihA cAvi dugaMchA loiya loguttarA ceva / / mUlAcAra 1055. 4. mUlAcAra 5 / 219-220. 5. saMjamamavirAdhato kareu vavahArasodhaNaM bhikkhU / vavahAradugaMchAvi ya pariharau vade abhaMjato vahI 10.57.

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vyavahAra : 303 mahAvrata, pA~ca samiti aura tIna gupti athavA paMcanamaskAra, SaD Avazyaka tathA caityAlaya Adi meM praveza karate samaya tIna bAra 'niHsahI' zabda evaM usase nikalate samaya 'asihI' zabda kA uccAraNa- isa prakAra ina teraha kriyAoM' kA pAlana bhI vyAvahArika jIvana meM saMyama kI rakSArthaM evaM apane dharma kA vizuddhipUrvaka pAlana karanA cAhie / saMyama ko bar3hAne ke lie ATha zuddhiyoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / bhikSA, IrSyA, zayana Asana, vinaya, vyutsarga, vacana, mana aura kAya zuddhi / 2 ina ATha zuddhiyoM meM bhI mana athavA bhAva zuddhi kA vizeSa mahatva hai kyoMki AcAra ke vikAsa kA mUla bhAvazuddhi hI haiN| kahA bhI hai- - saba zuddhiyoM meM bhAvazuddhi hI prazaMsanIya hai / jaise strI putra kA AliMgana bhI karatI haiM aura pati kA bhI kintu donoM ke bhAvoM meM bahuta antara hai / ataH pratyeka vyavahAra meM bhAva zuddhi honA Avazyaka hai / kAya zuddhi se tAtparya hai vastrAbhUSaNoM se rahita aisA nagna rUpa jaise janma ke samaya bAlaka kA hotA hai| kisI aMga meM koI vikAra na ho, sarva sAthaghAnatApUrvaka pravRtti tathA mUrtimAn prazamaguNavAlA ho| isase na to svayaM ko dUsaroM se aura na dUsaroM ko apane se bhaya hotA hai / 3 mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / arthAt sabhI kArya ThIka zramaNoM kI dainikacaryA meM samaya kI maryAdA kA bhI sabhI kArya apane nirdhArita sahI samaya para karane se aneka doSa aura bAdhAyeM dUra hI rahatI haiM / ataH kahA bhI hai 'kAle kAlaM samAyare' samaya para karanA cAhie / " uttarAdhyayana meM kahA bhI hai se ( svAdhyAya Adi dharma kriyA ke lie upayukta samaya kA jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA kSaya karatA hai / ki kAla kI pratilekhanA dhyAna rakhane se) jIva 1. bhAvapAhuDa TIkA, 78, pR0 229, anagAra dharmA 0 8 / 130. 2. bhikSeryAzayanAsanavinaya vyutsargavAGmanastanuSu / tanvannaSTasu zuddhi yatirapahRtasaMyamaM prathayet / / ana0 dharmAM0 6 / 49. 3. sarvAsAmeva zuddhInAM bhAvazuddhiH prazasyate / anyathA''liGgayate'patyamanyathA''liGgayate patiH // - ana0 dharmA0 pR0 447 ke TippaNa se uddhRta. 4. ana0 dharmA0 6 / 49 jJAnadIpikA TIkA / 5. dazavaikAlika 5 / 2 / 4. 6. uttarAdhyayana 29 / 16.

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304 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kalpasUtra meM kahA hai ki sAdhu aura AcArya, upAdhyAya yAvat gaNAvacchedaka ratnAdhika (dIkSA paryAya meM athavA inameM se pUrva-pUrva ke abhAva meM uttaravartI se pUchakara aura unakI AjJA prApta karake bAraha prakAra ke tapoM meM se kisI bhA udAra (pradhAna), kalyANamaya, zivasvarUpa, dhanya mAMgalika, sIka (kevala jJAnarUpI lakSmI kA janaka ), mahAprabhAvajanaka, kaSAya rUpI kIcar3a ko dhone vAle, karmamala kI vizuddhi karane vAle tapa ko aGgIkAra karake vicaranA kalpatA hai / evaM azana, pAna khAdya aura svAdya ko grahaNa karanA aura usakA paribhoga karanA kalpatA hai / isI prakAra uccAraprasravaNa ( mala-mUtra) kA tyAga, svAdhyAya, kAyotsarga athavA dharma-jAgaraNa tathA isI prakAra ke anyAnya kArya bhI AcArya Adi kI AjJA se karanA kalpatA hai / isa prakAra samasta kArya guru kI AjJA pUrvaka hI karanA cAhie / " sAdhvI ko jyeSTha) se ghara-parivAra aura anya sabhI sAMsArika vastuoM aura vyavahAroM Adi kA pUrNarUpa se tyAga karake hI zramaNa-dharma meM dIkSA grahaNa kI jAtI hai ataH zramaNa avyavahArI arthAt loka vyavahAra se pare hotA hai / kahA bhI hai ki zramaNa ko loka vyavahAra se rahita, ekAkI, dhyAna meM ekAgracitta, Arambha, kaSAya aura bAhya parigraha se rahita, prayatnapUrvaka kriyA karane vAlA tathA asaMga rUpa meM rahanA cAhie / bhikSu ko vizuddha bhikSA grahaNa karane vAlA, araNyavAsI, alpAhArI, alpabhASI, duHkha sahana karanevAlA, nIMda kI jItane vAlA, maitrI bhAva dhAraNa karane vAlA tathA vairAgya bhAvanA kA acchI taraha cintana karane vAlA honA cAhie | zramaNa AtmotthAna karake sAMsArika prANiyoM ko bhI apane maMgalamaya upadeza dvArA sanmArga dikhAte hue jinopadiSTa tatvArthoM ke cintana-manana aura unake prasAra meM bhI lage rahate haiM / unakI AvazyakatAyeM itanI alpa hotI haiM ki unheM kisI se koI bhI vastu kI yAcanA nahIM karanI par3atI aura na kisI ke Upara bhAra banakara rahate haiM / Atmatatva ke cintana-manana, tathA mokSamArga kI ArAdhanA karanA hI unakA svabhAva hotA hai / aura dharmakathAoM ke atirikta anyatra ve apanA samaya vyartha nahIM jAne dete / * 1. kalpasUtra : sUtra 38 pRSTha 116. 2. avyavahArI ekko jhANe eyaggamaNo bhave NirAraMbho / cattakasAyapariggaha payattaceTTho asaMgo ya || mUlAcAra 1015. 3. bhikkhaM cara vasa raNNe thovaM jemehi mA vahU jaMpa / duHkhaM saha jiNa giddA meti bhAvehi suThu veraggaM / / mUlAcAra 10/4. 4. bhagavatI ArAdhanA vi0 TI0 609.

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vyavahAra : 305 sthAnAMga meM kahA hai ki nimnalikhita ATha bAtoM ke viSaya meM zramaNoM ko adhika se adhika udyama, prayatna evaM zrama karanA cAhie zramaNoM ko na sune hue dharma ko sunane, sune hue dharma ko grahaNa karane evaM yAda rakhane, saMyama dvArA Ate hue nae karmoM ko rokane, tapasyA dvArA pUrvakRta karmoM kI nirjarA karate hue Atma zuddhi karane, nae ziSya saMgraha karane, nae ziSyoM ko sAdhu kA AcAra evaM gocara sikhAne, glAna sAdhuoM kI aglAnatA se sevA karane tathA sArmika sAdhuoM meM paraspara kalaha hone para niSpakSa rahakara use zAnta karane kA prayatna karanA caahie|' samyaka-AcAra (samAcAra) samyak AcAra ko samAcAra yA sAmAcAra tathA sAmAcAra ke bhAva ko "sAmAcArI" kahate haiM / samAcAra ke do bheda hai-audhika aura pdvibhaagii| sAmAnya AcaraNa ko audhika tathA sUryodaya se lekara ahorAtra (sampUrNa dinarAta) taka jo nirantara AcaraNa karate haiM usa sampUrNa AcAra ko padavibhAgI samAcAra kahate haiN| inameM audhika samAcAra tathA isake bheda-prabhedoM ke nimnalikhita vivecana se zramaNa ke sAmAnya AcAra arthAt vyavahAra sambandhI jAnakArI prApta hotI hai / audhika samAcAra ke dasa bheda isa prakAra haiN|" 1. icchAkAra-samyagdarzanAdi ratnatraya tathA vratAdi ko saharSa svIkAra karanA tathA unake anukUla svecchA se pravRtti karanA icchAkAra hai| saMyama evaM jJAna ke upakaraNa aura tapAdi upakaraNa ke lie kisI vastu ke mA~gane meM evaM yoga-dhyAna Adi ke karane meM icchAkAra karanA caahie| 2. mithyAkAra-azubha bhAvoM dvArA vratAdi meM hue aticAroM ke lie 'jaM dukkaDaM tu micchA' arthAt 'duSkRta mithyA ho'-aisA kahakara una aticAroM se dUra honA aura unheM punaH kabhI na krnaa| isa prakAra jo duSkRta arthAt pApa 1. sthAnAMga 3 / 4 / 210. 2. duviho samAcAro oghoviya pada vibhAgio ceva / / dasahA odho bhaNio aNegahA padavibhAgIya ||muulaacaar 4 / 124. 3. audhikaH sAmAnyarUpaH / vahI vRtti 46124. 4. vahI 41130 vRtti sahita / 5. icchA micchAkAro taghAkAro ya AsiA NisihI / ApucchA paDipucchA chaMdaNa saNimaMtraNAya upasaMpA / vahI 4 / 125. 6. saMjamaNANuvakaraNe aNNuvakaraNe ca jAyaNe aNNe / jogaggahaNAdIsu ya icchAkAro du kAyavo ||muulaacaar 4131.

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306 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana huA hai vaha mithyA hove, punaH usa doSa ko karanA nahIM cAhatA hai aura bhAva se pratikramaNa kara cukA hai isa prakAra duSkRta ke hone para mithyAkAra hotA hai|' 3. tathAkAra-guru dvArA sUtra aura artha kA pratipAdana hone para taheva' (tathaiva) arthAt Apane jo kahA vaisA hI hai isa prakAra kahakara anurAga vyakta krnaa| arthAt guru ke mukha se vAcanA ke grahaNa karane meM, upadeza sunane meM aura guru dvArA sUtra tathA artha ke kathana meM "avitahamedatti" arthAt jo Apa ke dvArA kahA gayA yaha satya ho hai-'aisA kahanA tathA punaH sunane kI icchA rakhanA tathAkAra hai| 4. AsikA-vasatikA Adi se nikalate samaya vahA~ ke gRhastha yA devatA Adi se 'AsikA' kahakara jAnA athavA pApa-kriyAoM se mana ko haTAnA / ataH kandarA, pulina (nadI yA sarovara kA jala rahita sthAna jise saikata bhI kahate haiM) tathA guphA Adi rUpa Thaharane Adi ke sthAna se nikalate samaya AsikA karanA caahie| 5. niSedhikA-vasatikA Adi meM praveza karate samaya vahA~ para sthita deva yA gRhastha Adi se svIkRti lekara arthAt 'nirAhI' aisA zabda kahakara vahA~ praveza karanA aura ThaharanA athavA samyagdarzana Adi meM sthira bhAva rakhanA niSedhikA hai / arthAt kandarA, pulina, guphA Adi meM praveza karate samaya niSedhikA karanA cAhie ! vastutaH vasatikA Adi meM praveza karate samaya vahA~ para sthita vyanta ra Adi devoM ke prati yaha kahakara praveza karanA ki "maiM yahA~ praveza karatA hU~, Apa anumati diijie|" isa prakAra kI vijJapti ko niSedhikA kahate haiN| AcArasAra meM kahA hai hama yahA~ para itane dina taka rahe, aba jAte haiM / tuma logoM kA kalyANa ho" -isa prakAra vyantarAdika devoM ko iSTa AzIrvAda denA ArzIvacana hai| muni jisa guphA meM yA jisa vasatikA meM Thaharate haiM usake adhikArI vyaMtarAdika deva se pUchakara Thaharate haiM aura jAte samaya unako ArzIvAda 1. jaM dukkaDaM tu micchA taM Necchadi dukkaDaM puNo kAdaM / bhAveNa ya paDikato tassa bhave dukkaDe micchA // mUlAcAra 4 / 132. 2. vAyaNapaDichaNNAe upadeze suttatthkhnnaae| . avitahamedatti puNo paDicchaNAe tadhAkAro ||vhii 4 / 133. 3. kandarapuliNaguhAdisu pavesakAle NisohiyaM kujjA / tehiMto NigamaNe tahAsiyA hodi kAyanvA |vhii 4 / 134. 4. anagAra dharmAmRta 8 / 132.

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vyavahAra : 307 de jAte hai| muniyoM ke ye donoM hI samAcAra hai| tumhArI kRpA se hama yahA~ Thaharate haiM / tuma kisI prakAra kA upadrava mata karanA, isa prakAra jIvoM ko tathA vyantarAdika devoM ko upadrava kA niSedha karanA niSiddhikA nAmaka samAcAra nIti hai|' 6. ApRcchA-AtApanAdi yoga-grahaNa, zarIra zuddhi, paThana-pAThana tathA grAma yA nagara meM AhArArtha jAne ityAdi kAryoM ko karane se pahale AcArya Adi se vinaya evaM vandanApUrvaka pUchanA evaM unakI AjJA-grahaNa karanA ApacchA hai / / 7. pratipacchA-sArmika tathA guruoM Adi se jo pustakAdi upakaraNa pahale liye the, unheM vApasa dekara, unheM punaH grahaNa karane ke abhiprAya se punaH pUchanA / athavA koI bar3e kArya kA anuSThAna karanA ho to guru Adi se pUchakara punaH sAdhuoM se pUchanA pratipRcchA hai / 8. chandana-jinakI jo pustaka, picchI Adi upakaraNa grahaNa kiye haiM / unake anukUla hI unakA upayoga karanA athavA vaMdanA, vinaya aura sUtra kA artha pUchane meM gaNadhara Adi kI icchAnusAra pravRtti karanA chandana hai / 9. nimantraNA-anya kisI se pustakAdi upakaraNa ke grahaNa kI icchA ho to guruoM tathA sArmika sAdhuoM se vinayapUrvaka punaH yAcanA karanA athavA grahaNa kara lene para vinayapUrvaka unase nivedana karanA nimantraNA hai|" 10. upasaMpat-upasaMpat kA artha hai upasevA arthAt apanA nivedana karanA, guruoM ko apanA AtmasamarpaNa karanA / guru, AcArya ke prati athavA gurukula yA guruoM ke AmnAya (saMgha) meM, guruoM ke vizAla pAdamUla meM 'maiM ApakA hU~'isa prakAra se AtmasamarpaNa karanA aura unake anukUla pravRtti yA AcaraNa karanA upasaMpat hai / isake paoNca bheda haiM- 1. vinayopasaMpat-anya saMgha se 1. AcArasAra 2 / 11. 2. vahI 4 / 135. 3. jaM kiMci mahAkajja karaNIyaM pucchiUNa guru AdI / puNaravi pucchadi sAhU taM jANasu hodi paDipucchA / / mUlAcAra 4 / 136. 4. vahI 41137. 5. gurusAhammiyadavvaM pucchayamaNNaM ca geNhiduM icche / tesiM viNayeNa puNo NimaMtaNA hoi kAyavvA / vahI 4 / 138. 6. mUlAcAra 4 / 139 kI vRtti tathA 4126 128 ko vRtti 7, vahI 4 / 139.

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308 : mUlAcAra kA samokSAtmaka adhyayana Aye prAghUNika yA pAdoSNa (Agantuka atithi zramaNa) kA vinaya aura upacAra karanA, ucita Asana, saMstara Adi denA, priya vacana kahanA, unakI AvAsabhUmi, mArga Adi ke viSaya meM pUchanA, unake anukUla pravRtti karanA / 2. kSetropasaMpatsaMyama, tapa, guNa, zIla, zrama tathA niyamAdi kI jisa kSetra meM vRddhi ho usa kSetra meM rahanA / 3. mArgopasaMpat-saMyama, tapa, jJAna aura dhyAna se yukta Agantuka zramaNoM aura apane saMgha ke zramaNoM se paraspara mArga meM Ane-jAne se sambandhita kuzala samAcAra (sukha prazna) pUchanA / 4. sukhaduHkhopasaMpat-sAdhu kA sukha dukha ke samaya vasatikA, AhAra aura auSadhi Adi se yathAyogya upacAra karanA, isake viSaya meM pUchanA tathA "maiM ApakA hI hU~" arthAt Apake sukhaduHkha mere hai, Apa AjJA kIjie-isa taraha ke vacana kahanA, unake kaSTa dUra karanA / tathA 5. sUtropasaMpat-sUtroM ke adhyayana meM prayatna krnaa| isake tona bheda hai-sUtra, artha aura sUtrArtha-inake grahaNa meM prayatna krnaa|' zvetAmbara paramparA ke sthAnAMga (10 / 102), bhagavatI (25 / 7), uttarAdhyayanasUtra (26 / 1-7) tathA Avazyaka niyukti Adi granthoM meM ina dasavidha samAcAra kA vivecana "sAmAcArI" ke rUpa meM hai| sthAnAMga sUtra meM inake nAma / isa prakAra hai-icchA, mithyA, tathAkAra, Avazyako, naiSedhikI, ApRcchA, pratipRcchA, chandanA, nimantraNA aura upasaMpadA / 1. icchA-kArya karane yA karAne meM icchAkAra kA prayoga / 2. mithyA-bhula ho jAne para svayaM usakI AlocanA krnaa| 3. tathAkAra-AcArya ke vacanoM ko svIkAra karanA / 4. AvazyakI-upAzraya ke bAhara jAte samaya "Avazyaka kArya ke lie jAtA hU~"--aisA khnaa| 5. naiSedhikI-kArya se nivRtta hokara Ae taba aisA kahanA ki "maiM nivRtta ho cukA huuN|" 6. ApRcchA-apanA kArya karane kI AcArya se anumati lenaa| 8. chandanA-AhAra ke lie sArmika sAdhuoM ko Amantrita karanA / 1. vahI 4 / 140-144. 2. uttarajjhayaNANi bhAga 2. (TippaNa) 26 / 1-7 pRSTha 178-180, TippaNa saM0 1. 3. icchA micchA tahakkAro, AvassiyA ya nnisiihiyaa| ApucchaNA ya paDipucchA, chaMdaNA ya NimaMtraNA / / uvasaMpayA ya kAle sAmAyArI dasavihA u / / ThANaM 10102 pRSTha 927.

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vyavahAra : 309 9. nimantraNA-"maiM Apake lie AhAra Adi lAU~ ?-isa prakAra guru Adi ko nimaMtrita karanA / 10. uvasaMpadA-jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI vizeSa prApti ke lie kucha samaya taka dUsare AcArya kA ziSyatva svIkAra karanA / uttarAdhyayana meM inake nAma aura krama isa prakAra hai-Avazyako, naSedhikI, ApRcchanA, pratipRcchanA, chandanA, icchAkAra, mithyAkAra, tathAkAra, abhyutthAna aura upsNpdaa|' isa krama evaM nAma meM kucha bhinnatA hai| sthAnAMga ke prathama tIna sAmAcArI kA isameM chaThA, sAtavAM aura AThavAM krama hai| tathA 'nimaMtraNA' ko isameM 'abhyutthAna' kahA gayA hai / uttarAdhyayana tathA Avazyaka niyukti meM inakA artha isa prakAra kiyA haiapane Thaharane ke sthAna se bAhara nikalate samaya "AvassiyaM" kA uccAraNa karanA AvazyakI hai tathA praveza karate samaya 'nissihiyaM' kA uccAraNa karanA, naSedhikI hai / apane kArya ke lie guru se anumati lenA ApRcchanA tathA dUsaroM ke kArya ke lie anumati lenA pratipRcchanA hai / Avazyaka niyukti meM prathama yA dvitIya bAra kisI bhI pravRtti ke lie guru se AjJA prApta karane ko ApRcchA kahA hai tathA prayojanavaza pUrva-niSiddha kArya karane kI AvazyakatA hone para guru se usakI AjJA prApta karane ko pratipRcchA kahA hai| guru ke dvArA kisI kArya para niyukta kie jAne para use prArambha karate samaya punaH guru kI AjJA lenA bhI pratipRcchA hai| AhAra ke lie sArmika sAdhuoM, guru Adi ko Amantrita karanA chandanA hai / dUsaroM kA kArya apanI sahaja abhiruci se karanA aura apanA kArya karane ke lie dUsaroM ko unakI icchAnukUla vinamra nivedana karanA icchAkAra hai| vastutaH saMghIya vyavasthA meM paraspara sahayoga liyA-diyA jAtA hai, kintu vaha bala-prerita na hokara icchA-prerita hotA hai| kyoMki bala-prayoga kA sarvathA varjana hai / ataH bar3A sAdhu choTe sAdhu se aura choTA sAdhu bar3e sAdhu se koI kAma karAnA cAhe to use icchAkAra kA prayoga karanA cAhie ki 'yadi ApakI icchA ho to merA kAma Apa kareM-aisA kahanA caahie| doSa kI nivRtti ke 1. uttarAdhyana 26 / 1-4. 2. Avazyaka niyukti gAthA 697. 3. uttarAdhyayana vRhad vRtti, patra 534. 4. ANA balAbhiogo niggaMthANaM na kappae kAuM / icchA pauMjiavvA, sehe rAyaNie ya tahA / / ~Avazyaka niyukti gAthA 677.

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310 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana lie AtmanindA karanA mithyAkAra hai / tathAkAra ke viSaya meM Avazyaka niyukti meM kahA hai ki jo muni kalpa aura akalpa ko jAnatA hai, mahAvrata meM sthita hotA hai, use 'tathAkAra' kA prayoga karanA cAhie / guru jaba sUtra par3hAe~ sAmAcArI Adi kA upadeza deM, sUtra kA artha batAe~ athavA koI bAta kaheM taba tathAkAra kA yaha kahakara prayoga karanA cAhie ki 'Apa jo kahate haiM vaha avitatha hai - saca hai / ' gurujanoM kI pUjA arthAt satkAra ke lie Asana se uThakara khar3e honA abhyutthAna hai / abhyutthAna ke sthAna para mUlAcAra meM sanimaMtraNa hai / dasavIM upasaMpadA sAmAcArI kA artha hai-kisI viziSTa prayojana se arthAt jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI vizeSa prApti ke lie kucha samaya taka dUsare AcArya ke pAsa rahanA / upasaMpadA ke antargata eka dUsare AcArya ke yahA~ gaNa, saMgha Adi meM jJAna dhyAnAdi kI vizeSa sAdhanA karane kI suvidhA thI kyoMki prAcIna kAla meM sAdhuoM ke aneka gaNa the aura nimnalikhita tIna kAraNoM se eka gaNa kA sAdhu dUsare gaNa meM jA sakatA thA / 1. jJAnArtha upasaMpadA - jJAna kI varttanA ( punarAvRtti yA guNana), saMdhAna (truTita jJAna ko pUrNa karane aura grahaNa ( nayA jJAna prApta karane ) ke lie upasaMpadA svIkAra kI jAtI hai use 'jJAnArtha upasaMpadA 2. darzana kI varttanA ( sthirIkaraNa ), saMdhAna aura darzana viSayaka zAstroM ke grahaNa ke lie jo upasaMpadA svIkAra kI jAtI hai vaha 'darzanArtha upasaMpadA' hai tathA 3. vaiyAvRttya aura tapasyA kI viziSTa ArAdhanA ke lie jo upasaMpadA svIkAra kI jAtI hai vaha cAritrArtha upasaMpadA hai | isa prakAra audhika samAcAra ke uparyukta vivecana se zramaNa evaM AcAryoM ke paraspara vyavahAra-sambandhI vividhatAoM kA jJAna sahaja hI ho jAtA hai / dvitIya padavibhAgI samAcAra ke antargata vIryavAn samarthaM zramaNa sUryodaya se lekara sAre dina aura rAta arthAt ahorAtra kI paripATI meM niyamAdi kA nirantara AcaraNa karatA huA apane guru se sampUrNa zruta ko par3hakara aura bhI jJAna prApti hetu dUsare AcArya ke pAsa jAne ke lie vaha vinaya aura prayatna pUrvaka apane guru se pUchatA hai - 'he guro ! meM Apake caraNa prasAda se AjJApUrvaka anya zAstrapAraMgata AcArya ke pAsa jJAnAyatana ( ucca jJAna prApti) hetu jAnA cAhatA ziSya apane guru se pUchatA hU~ / ' isa prakAra tIna, pA~ca athavA chaha bAra taka vaha 1. Avazyaka niyukti gAthA 689. 2 . vahI gAthA 698, 699 ( uttarAjjJapaNANi bhAga 2 TippaNa pU0 180 se )

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vyavahAra : 311 hai / taba AjJA milane para hI vaha anya saMgha meM jAtA hai| vinayapUrvaka punaH punaH AjJA mAMgane se ziSya zramaNa kA vinaya aura utsAha pragaTa hotA hai|' zramaNoM ke paraspara vyavahAra : sAMsArika prANI cAhe ve gRhastha ho yA sAdhu, sabhI paraspara kisI na kisI rUpa meM baMdhe hue haiM / sAdhu ke vyavahAra bhI apane sArmikoM se prabhAvita hote rahate haiM / kisI na kisI prasaMgoM para eka dUsare ke sAhAyya kI AvazyakatA bhI hotI hai / AcArya kundakunda ne do prakAra ke muni batalAye haiM-zubhopayogI aura zuddhopayogI / inameM zubhopayogI zramaNa zuddhAtmA ke anurAgI hote haiM / ataH ve zuddhAtmayogI zramaNoM kA vandana, namaskAra, unake lie uThanA, unake pIche-pIche jAnA tathA unakI vaiyA vRtya Adi karate haiM / isameM koI doSa nahIM hai / dUsaroM ke anugraha kI bhAvanA se darzana-jJAna ke upadeza meM pravRtti, ziSyoM kA grahaNa, unakA saMrakSaNa, tathA jinapUjA ke upadeza meM pravatti zubhopayogI muni karate haiN| kintu jo zubhopa. yogI muni aisA karate hue apane saMyama kI virAdhanA karatA hai vaha gRhasthadharma meM praveza karane ke kAraNa munipada se cyuta ho jAtA hai| isalie pratyeka pravRtti saMyama ke anukUla hI honA cAhie kyoMki pravRtti saMyama kI siddhi ke lie hI kI jAtI hai / 2 zramaNa ke paraspara meM jyeSThatA, latA tathA pada Adi kI apekSA yathAyogya anukUla Adara-satkAra, vaiyAvRtya tathA anya sahayoga viSayaka vividha vyavahAra hote haiN| vIranandikRta AcArasAra meM kahA hai ki ziSya sAdhu guruoM ke sAmane nahIM baiThate apitu unakI dAyoM-bAyIM ora baiThate haiN| kucha pUchanA Avazyaka ho to zAnti se pUchate haiM aura unakI AjJAnusAra pravRtti karate haiN| yadi koI ziSya apane guruoM ko zAstrAdi koI vastu de to donoM hAthoM se vinayapUrvaka denA cAhie aura guru Adi se zAstrAdi koI vastu lenA ho to donoM hAthoM se vinayapUrvaka grahaNa karanA cAhie / 3 zvetAmbara paramparA meM zramaNoM ke svAdhyAya, upaghi, bhojana Adi ke pAra sparika sambandha evaM vyavahAra ko 'sambhoga' zabda se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai / 1. koI savva samattho saguru sudaM sanvamAgamittANaM / biNaeNuvakkamittA pucchai saguruM payatteNa / / tujhaM pAda pasAeNa aNNamicchAmi gaMtumAyadaNaM / tiNi va paMca va chA vA pucchAo ettha so kuNai / / mUlAcAra 4 / 145-146. 2. pravacanasAra 245-248. 3. AcArasAra 64-65 pRSTha 37.

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312 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana tathA eka maMDalI meM bhojana karane vAle sAMbhogika kahalAte haiM / yaha pratIkAtmaka artha hai / kintu svAdhyAya, bhojana Adi sabhI maMDaliyoM meM jisakA sambandha hotA hai vaha sAMbhogika kahalAtA hai|' nizItha bhASya ke anusAra sthitikalpa, sthApanA kalpa aura uttaraguNakalpa-ye kalpa (AcAra-maryAdA) jinake samAna hote hai, ve muni sAMbhogika kahalAte haiM aura jina muniyoM ke ye kalpa samAna nahIM hote ve asAMbhogika kahalAte haiN| tathA jinakA svAdhyAya, AhAraAdi sabhI maMDaliyoM se sambandha viccheda kara diyA jAtA hai vaha visAMbhogika hai / 2 sAmbhogika nimnalikhita bAraha prakAra ke haiM / 3 (1) upadhi-sambhoga-maryAdA ke anusAra saMyama, jJAna Adi viSayaka vastue~ AvazyakatAnusAra zramaNoM ko kAryavaza denA-lenA / (2) zruta-sambhoga-paraspara eka dUsare ko jJAna denA evaM zAstrAdhyayana karavAnA / isake antargata samAnakalpa vAle sAdhuoM ko zruta kI vAcanA dI jAtI hai| aura vAcanA dene meM samartha pravartinI na ho to sAdhviyoM ko AcArya vAcanA dete haiN| (3) bhaktapAna sambhoga-isameM samAna kalpavAle sAdhuoM ke sAtha eka maMDalI meM baiThakara bhojana karanA tathA eka dUsare kI lAyI huI bhikSA ko paraspara meM grahaNa karanA / (4) aMjalipragraha (praNAma) sammoga-yathAyogya paraspara eka dUsare kI vaMdanA yA sammAna krnaa| 1. ThANaM 5 / 46 TippaNa pRSTha 620. 2. Nitikappammi dasavihe, ThavaNAkappe ya duvidhamaNNayare / uttaraguNakappammi ya, jo sarikappo sa sambhogo // -nizIthabhASya gA0 2149. 3. duvAlasavihe sambhoge paNNatte, taM jahA uvahI suabhattapANe, aMjalIparagahetti ya / dAyaNe ya nikAe a, abbhuTTANetti Avare / / kitikammassa ya karaNe, veyAvaccakaraNe ia / samosaraNaM saMnisejjA ya, kahAe a pabaMdhave // samavAyAMga 12 // 3. vyavahArasUtra uddezya--5. nizIthacUNi uddezya-5. 4. saMjatINa jai AiriyaM mottuM aNNA pavattiNAmAto vAyaMti Natthi, Ayario vAyaNAtINi savvANi etANi deti na dosaH ||-nishiithcuunni pu0 347.

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vyavahAra : 313 (5) dAna-sambhoga-samAna kalpa ke sAdhuoM ko upadhi, AhAra, ziSya Adi denA dAna kahA jAtA hai / eka hI saMgha ke bhikSu apane ziSyoM ko Apasa meM eka dUsare ko de sakate haiN| (6) nikAcana (nimaMtraNa) sambhoga-samAna kalpa vAle zramaNa paraspara meM AhAra, upadhi Adi ke lie nimaMtrita kara sakate haiM / (7) abhyutthAna-sambhoga--jyeSTha zramaNoM ke Agamana para apane Asana se uThakara unheM sammAna denA, Asana pradAna karanA / (8) kRtikarmakaraNa (vandanA)-dIkSA-jyeSTha AcAryAdi ko vandana karanA, vinaya evaM Adara krnaa| (9) vaiyAvRtyakaraNa (sahayoga dAna)-vRddha, rogI Adi zramaNoM kA sammAna evaM sAvadhAnI pUrvaka vaiyAvRtya karanA usake anusAra zArIrika aura mAnasika sabhI prakAra kI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna meM yoga denA cAhie / (10) samavasaraNa (sammilana) sambhoga-isake anusAra samAna kalpa vAle sAdhu eka sAtha milate haiN| pravacana Adi ke avasara para paraspara eka dUsare ke yahAM jAte haiN| (11) sanniSadyA sambhoga-Asana Adi kA denaa| sAmbhogika zramaNoM kA eka sAtha baiThakara pravacana, zAstra carcA Adi karanA / isake anusAra do sAmbhogika AcArya niSadyA para baiThakara zruta parivartana Adi karate haiM / (12) kathAprabandha-sambhoga-paraspara sAtha baiThakara dhArmika viSayoM para vicAra krnaa| isake dvArA kathA sambandhI vyavasthA dI jAtI hai / isa prakAra sambhoga ke ina bAraha bhedoM ke dvArA samAnakalpI zramaNoM ke paraspara vyavahAra kI maryAdA nizcita kI gaI hai| inakA atikramaNa karane para samAnakalpI sAdhu kA sambandha viccheda kara diyA jAtA hai| vaiyAvRtya sambandhI vyavahAra : zramaNoM meM paraspara vaiyAvRtya sambandhI vyavahAra bho mahatvapUrNa hote haiM / zramaNa ke do bheda haiM-zuddhopayogI aura zubhopayogI / inameM zubhopayogI zramaNa sarAga cAritradhArI hotA hai| ve arhantAdi meM bhakti, sAdhujanoM meM vAtsalya tathA Adara bhAva rakhate, AcAryAdi kI vandanA, sevA karate haiM / ye saba kArya saMyama kI sAdhanA kI dRSTi se hI vidheya haiM / ' SaTkAyika jIvoM kI virAdhanA kiye binA RSi, muni, yati aura anagAra-isa caturvidha saMgha kA vaha zramaNa sadA upakAra karatA hai aura vaha sarAga cAritra vAle zramaNoM meM 1. pravacanasAra 3 / 45-47.

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314 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pradhAna bhI hotA hai|' zramaNoM ko yathAyogya vaiyAvRtya bhI karanI cAhie / yaha vidhAna zubhopayogI zramaNa ko hI vidheya hai| zuddhopayogI zramaNa ina sabase pare hotA hai / sAmAnya zramaNa to apanI pUjA-pratiSThA kI apekSA kiye binA hI upasarga se pIr3ita vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa kSINakAya vAle zramaNoM kI vaiyAvRtya karatA hai / mUlAcAra meM kahA hai guNAdhika, zramaNa, upAdhyAya, tapasvI, ziSya, durbala, sAdhugaNa, kula, caturvidhasaMgha aura samanojJa (sukhAsIna) ina muniyoM para kisI prakAra kI Apatti yA upadrava Aye to vasati, sthAna, Asana tathA upakaraNa-inakA pratilekhana dvArA upakAra karanA, AhAra, auSadhi Adi se, malAdi dUra karane se aura unako vandanA Adi ke dvArA vaiyAvRtti karanA cAhie / Agantuka zramaNa kA bhI ye kartavya hai ki gaccha meM glAna-rogAdika se pIr3ita muni tathA guru-AcArya Adi jyeSTha-muni, bAlamuni arthAt navadIkSita yA pUrvApara viveka rahita muni, vRddha athavA dIkSAdhika muni tathA zaikSa muniyoM kI apanI zakti ke anusAra AdarapUrvaka yathAyogya vaiyAvRtya kare, aisA karane kA vidhAna bhI kiyA gayA hai| roga, kSudhA, tuSA athavA zrama se AkrAnta zramaNa ko dekhakara sAdhu ke anusAra vaiyAvRtyAdi zramaNa ko avazya karanI caahie| rogI, guru, bAla tathA vRddha zramaNoM kI vaiyAvatya meM zubhopayukta laukika janoM ke sAtha zramaNoM ko bAtacIta bhI nindita nahIM hai| yaha prazastabhUta caryA rogasahita hone ke kAraNa zramaNoM ko gauNa hotI hai tathA gRhasthoM ko mukhya / kyoMki samAdhi paidA karane, vicikitsA (glAni) dUra karane, pravacana vAtsalya prakaTa karane tathA sanAthatA arthAt niHsahAyatA yA nirAdhAratA kI anubhUti na hone dene ke lie vaiyAvRtya kI jAtI hai / ... vaMdanA sambandhI paraspara vyavahAra : AcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai zarIra, kula, jAti aura ina sabhI kI saMyukta rUpa se vandanA nahIM kI jAtI, kyoMki guNahona kI vandanA kauna karatA hai ? guNoM ke binA na to zramaNa hotA hai aura na 1. pravacanasAra 3149. 2. kArtikeyAnuprekSA 459. 3. guNAdhie uvajjhAe tavassi sisse ya dubale / sAhugaNa kule saMghe samaNuNNe ya cApadi / / mUlAcAra 5 / 194. 4. vahI, 4 / 174. 5. pravacanasAra 3152. 6. pravacanasAra tAtparyavRtti 254. 7. tattvArthavArtika 9 / 24 / 17 (dvitIya bhAga) pR0 624.

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vyavahAra : 315 zrAvaka hI / jo darzana, jJAna, cAritra tapa tathA vinaya meM nirantara lIna rahate hai, tathA guNadhAraka janoM Adi ke guNoM kA bakhAna karate haiM ve vandanA karane yogya ( pUjya ) haiM / isa kathana ke anusAra vandanA isa vicAra pUrvaka karanA cAhie ki maiM tapasvI zramaNoM ko, unake zIla, guNa (mUlaguNoM tathA uttaraguNoM) brahmacarya, aura muktigamana ko samyaktva sahita zuddha bhAva se vandanA karatA | vaMdanA yA vinaya ke antargata zramaNa kI Ayu dIkSA grahaNa ke samaya se mAnI jAtI hai / yadi janma se kama umra kA zramaNa dIkSA kAla meM jyeSTha hai to dIkSAkAla meM laghu zramaNa ko (bhale hI vaha umra meM bar3A ho ) usa dIkSA jyeSTha zramaNa kI yathAyogya vandanA karane kA vidhAna hai / zramaNoM meM paraspara abhivAdana-vandanAdi vyavahAra yA paraspara ke sahayoga se sampanna hone vAlI dhArmika kriyAoM athavA samatApUrvaka calane vAle vyavahAra rUpa anuSThAna ko 'sAmAcArI' ke antargata kahA gayA hai / vinaya aura isake bheda-prabhedoM kA vistRta vivecana tRtIya adhyAya meM kiyA jA cukA hai / aupacArika kAyika-vinaya ke antargata AcAryAdi jyeSTha zramaNa ke Agamana para Adara se uThanA, sannati arthAt mastaka se namaskAra karanA, Asana dAna denA, anupradAna arthAt pustaka, picchikAdi upakaraNa denA, kRtikarma pratirUpa - arthAt zrutabhakti Adi pUrvaka kAyotsagaM karanA, yogyatAnusAra vinaya evaM vaiyAvRtya karanA, apanA Asana tyAga karanA, tathA anuvrajana -- arthAt prasthAna ke samaya unake pIche pIche jAnA - ye saba zramaNoM ke vinaya sambandhI vyavahAra haiM / vinaya ke pAtra guNa gharoM aura zIlagharoM kI vandanA karanA caahie| ye isalie vandanIya haiM kyoMki ye cAritra, dhyAna aura adhyayana meM tatpara, kSamAdi dharmoM se yukta, paMcamahAvratadhArI, saMyama aura dhairyaM guNoM ke dhanI, Agama ke jJAtA-dRSTA, tathA darzana, jJAna, cAritra aura tapa - ina sabameM sadA tatpara rahate haiM ataH ina sabakI vinaya-vandanA meM sadA udyata honA cAhie / vandanA karane vAle zramaNa ko bhI paMcamahAvratoM ke pAlana meM evaM dharma tathA usake phala meM Ananda mAnane vAlA, Alasya aura mAnarahita tathA dIkSA meM laghu honA cAhie tabhI dIkSA meM jyeSTha AcArya, upAdhyAya, pravartaka, sthavira aura gaNadharAdi kI kRtikarma - vinaya karane se usa zramaNa ke karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai / 4 1. daMsaNa pAhuDa kramazaH gAthA 27, 23 tathA 28. 2. mUlAcAra 5 / 185. 3. vahI, 7 / 98-99. bahI, 7 / 93-94. d//

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316 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana cAritra meM adhika guNa vAle zramaNa yadi guNahIna zramaNoM ke sAtha vandanAdi kriyAyeM karate haiM to ve mithyAtva se yukta aura cAritra se bhraSTa mAne jAyeMge / " ataH jo zraddhA se rahita, cAritrahIna, apavAdazIla evaM sAdhutva se viparIta haiM unake sAtha tathA laukika janoM ke sAtha samAcArI nahIM karanA cAhie |2 asaMyata janoM yA asaMyamI kI vandanA nahIM karanI caahie| jaise avirata mAtA-pitA, guru, rAjA, anyatIrthaka tApasI, tathA pAzvastha, kuzIla, saMsakta, avasaMjJa aura mRgacaritra - ina pA~ca pApazramaNoM, kudevoM tathA deza virata zrAvakoM Adi kI bhI vandanA nahIM karanI cAhie / vividha zAstroM kA jJAtA yadi kumata aura kuzAstra kI prazaMsA karatA hai to vaha zIla, vrata tathA jJAna se rahita mAnA jAtA hai / inakI vandanA bhI anucita hai / " kintu jo sahajotpanna yathAjAta rUpa ko dekhakara mAnya nahIM karatA tathA usakI vinaya nahIM karatA apitu matsara bhAva rakhatA hai-- aise saMyama pratipanna zramaNa ko bhI mithyAdRSTi kahA jAtA hai / AyAsa pUrvaka prayAsa se Ate hue muni ko dekhakara sAdhuoM ko vAtsalya ke lie, jinendradeva kI AjJA pAlana karane ke lie tathA usa muni kA saMgraha karane (apanAne) ke lie, use praNAma karane ke lie tatkSaNa khar3e ho jAnA cAhie aura sAta kadama Age jAkara paraspara praNAma karake Agantuka ke prati karane yogya kartavya karane ke lie ratnatraya kI kuzalatA pUchanA cAhie / tapo jyeSTha muniyoM aura tapa meM bhakti to karanI hI cAhie kintu zeSa choTe tapasviyoM kI avahelanA ( tiraskAra ) bhUlakara bhI nahIM karanI cAhie / " jo dIkSA meM eka rAtri bhI bar3e haiM ve rAtryadhika dIkSA guru, zrutaguru aura tapa meM apane se jyeSTha muniyoM meM tathA dIkSA meM eka rAtri nyUna bhUmikAoM vAle Una 1. pravacanasAra 3 / 68. 2. nayacakra 338. 3. asaMjadaM Na vaMde - daMsaNa pAhuDa 26. 4. NAM vaMdejja aviradaM mAdA pidu guru gariMda aNNatitthaM va 1 dezavirada devaM vA virado pAsatthaNagaM vA // dharmAmRta 852. 5. zIla pAhuDa 14. 6. daMsaNa pAhuDa 24. 7. mUlAcAra 4 / 160-161, pravacanasAra 3 / 61-62. 8. vahI, 5 / 174, bhagavatI ArAdhanA 117. mUlAcAra 7 / 95, anagAra

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vyavahAra : 317 rAtrika muniyoM meM, AryikAoM meM tathA zrAvakoM meM yathAyogya apramatta bhAva se vinaya karanA cAhie / ' vaMdanA - (vinaya ) kI vidhi-vandanA karane kI mudrA aura vidhi ke viSaya meM vaTTakera ne kahA hai ki sarvaprathama zramaNa apane saba aMgo tathA bhUmi kA picchikA se pramArjana kre| phira picchI hAtha meM lekara tathA use mastaka ke pAsa rakhakara paravarddhazayyA kI mudrA meM namrIbhUta hokara 'maiM vandanA karatA hU~' - isa prakAra mukha se uccAraNa karake vandanA karanA cAhie / anagAra dharmAmRta meM kahA hai picchI sahita donoM hAthoM ko aMjalIbaddha karake use hRdaya ke madhya sthApita kare, aura payaMkAsana yA vIrAsana se ekAgramana hokara svAdhyAya karanA cAhie / yadi svAdhyAya karane meM asamartha ho to usI prakAra se vandanA karanI cAhie / khar3e hokara vandanA karane kI zakti nahIM hai to paryaMkAsanapUrvaka baiThakara pUrvavat picchI sahita aMjali jor3akara vandanA karanI cAhie / mulAcAra meM bhI kahA hai paryaMka athavA vIrAsana se baiThakara cakSu se pustaka ko, picchI se bhUmi kA aura prAsuka jala se hAtha-paira kA sammArjana kare aura donoM hAthoM ko mukulita karake pramANa kare taba sUtra tathA artha ke yoga se yukta apanI zakti se svAdhyAya kareM / isa taraha jo muni svAdhyAya karane meM asamartha hotA hai vaha usI vidhi se deva vandanA karatA hai / yadyapi deva vandanA khar3e hokara kI jAtI hai kintu azakta hone se baiThakara bhI vandanA kara sakatA hai / sAmAyika evaM devavandanA ke samaya aMjali aura hAtha zuddha karake sAvadhAna aura ekAgra antaHkaraNa sahita tathA AkulatA rahita hokara AgamAnusAra sAmAyika, devavandanAdi karanA cAhie / " vandanIya zramaNa aura vandanakartA -- ina donoM ke atra bAghA rahita eka hAtha ( hastamAtra ) kA antara honA caahie| jisase vandanA binA bAdhA ke sampanna ho sake / apanI picchikA se bhUmi, zarIra Adi kA sparza evaM pramArjana karake, vandanA kI yAcanA kare arthAt 'maiM vandanA karatA hai' - isa 1. rAdiNie UNarAdiNiesu a ajjAsu ceva gihivagge / viNao jahArio so kAyavvo appamatteNa / / mUlAcAra 5 / 187. 2. AcArasAra 2 / 61. mUlAcAra 7 / 101. 3. sapratilekhana mukulita vatsotsaGgitakaraH saparyaGkaH / kuryAdekAgramanAH svAdhyAyaM vandanAM punarazaktyA || anagAra dharmAmRta 9 / 43. 4. paliyaMkaNisejjagado paDilehiya aMjalIkadapaNAmo / suttatyajogajutto paThidabbo AdasattIe / mUlAcAra 5184. 5. mUlAcAra 7 / 39.

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318 : mUlAcAra kA samokSAtmaka adhyayana vijJapti sahita icchAkAra pUrvaka vandanA karanI caahie| jisakI vandanA kI jAtI hai una guru ko bhI Rddhi aura vIrya Adi ke garva se rahita, zuddhabhAva se kRtikarma karane vAle ko harSa utpanna karate hue vandanA svIkRta karanA caahie| aisA karane se vandanA karane vAle zramaNa ke mana meM bhI dharma aura dharmaphala ke viSaya meM harSa utpanna hotA hai| vandanA yA vinaya Adi ke lie zramaNa ko yogya kAla, avasara yA prasaMga kA dhyAna rakhanA bhI Avazyaka hai| jaise-AlocanA athavA AlocanA kArya, sAmAyikAdi Avazyaka kriyA ke samaya, prazna pUchane ke pUrva, pUjana, svAdhyAya, aparAdha-ina prasaMgoM meM guru AcAryAdi guNajyeSTha kI vaMdanA karanI caahie| zarIrazuddhi, bhikSA, vihAra ke samaya tathA caitya, nagara, gA~va Adi se vasatikA yA vihAra meM AcAryAdi ke Agamana para bhI unakI abhyutthAna pUrvaka vandanA karanA caahie| AcArya ke abhAva meM upAdhyAya, pravartaka, sthavira, gaNadhara Adi pUjya evaM jyeSThazramaNa kI vandanA karanA cAhie / inake abhAva meM jisakI hitakara pravRtti ho evaM jise pUjya samajheM usI kI vandanA karanI caahie|" ekAnta bhUmipradeza meM paryakAsana Adi rUpa meM zAnta mana se sammukha baiThe guru, AcArya Adi kI medhAvI muni ko vijJapti pUrvaka arthAt vandanA kI prArthanA karake vandanA (kRtikarma) karanA caahie| AcArasAra meM kahA hai prAtaH kAlIna deva vaMdanA ke anantara sabhI sAdhu vidhivat kRtikarma AcArya kI vaMdanA karate haiM taba AcArya bhI apanI picchikA uThAkara una zramaNoM ke prati-namostu karate hue prativaMdanA karate haiN| AyikAoM dvArA AcAryAdi kI vandanA kI vidhi ke viSayameM mUlAcAra meM kahA hai ki pA~ca hAtha kI dUrI se AcArya kI, chaha hAtha kI dUrI se upAdhyAya 1. mUlAcAra 74112. 2. vahI, 113. 3. AloyaNAya karaNe paDipucchA pUyaNe ya sajjhAe / avarAdhe ya guruNaM baMdaNamedesu ThANesu // vahI, 7 / 102. 4. kunda0 mUlAcAra 7122. 5. vahI, 7 / 123. 6. mUlAcAra 7101. 7. vigauravAdidoSeNa spicchaaNjulishaalinaa| sadabjasUryAcAryeNa karttavyaM prativaMdanam / / AcArasAra pR0 36.

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vyavahAra : 319 ! ko aura sAta hAtha kI dUrI se zramaNa kI vaMdanA AryikA ko gavAsana se hI baiThakara karanI caahie|' mUlAcAra ke adhyayana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya AcArya, upAdhyAya, aura sAdhu Adi hI zramaNa saMgha meM hote the kintu paravartI kAla meM zramaNa banane kI bhUmikA taiyAra karane hetu kramazaH kSullaka-kSullikA aura ailaka-jaise sAdhupUrva kI bhUmikA hetu laghu padoM kA sRjana huA jo Aja bhI vidyamAna hai / yadyapi samaya kI dRSTi se kAphI prAcIna (mUlAcAra ke AsapAsa kA) mAne jAne vAle grantha "bhagavatI ArAdhanA" meM kSullaka, kSullikAoM rUpa bAla muniyoM ke ullekha saMgha ke antargata milate haiM / 2 inakI paraspara vandanA Adi ke viSaya meM AcArasAra meM kahA hai ki ailaka-kSullaka paraspara meM 'icchAmi' karate haiM / muniyoM ko 'namo'stu' karate haiM aura AyikAoM ko 'vaMdAmi' karate hai| brahmacArI gaNa yA zrAvaka bhI muniyoM ko 'namo'stu', AryikAoM ko 'vaMdAmi' karate haiM, ye muni, AyikA bhI pratiyoM ko samAdhirastu' athavA 'karmakSayo'stu' aisA ArzIrvAda dete haiM / avratI zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko 'saddharmavRddhirastu' 'zubhamastu' yA 'zAMtirastu' aisA ArzIvAda dete haiN| anya dharmAvalambiyoM dvArA vaMdita hone para unheM dharmalAbho'stu aura nimna jAti ke logoM dvArA vandanA kiye jAne para "pApakSayo'stu' aisA kahakara ArzIvAda dete haiN| kaba vandanA na kareM?-zramaNoM ko yathAvasara vandanA karane kA vidhAna hai| kintu yadi vaMdanIya AcArya Adi ekAgracitta haiM, vandanakartA kI ora pITha kiye hai, pramatta meM rata, AhAra, nIhAra tathA mala-mUtra visarjana Adi avasara para kabhI vandanA nahIM karanA caahie| 1. paMca cha satta hatthe sUrI ajjhAvago ya sAdhU ya / parihariUNajjAo gavAsaNeNeva vaMdaMti / / mUlAcAra 4195. 2. khuDDA ya khudiDayAo"bha0 A0 396. 3. namo'stviti natiH zastA samastamatasammatA / karmakSayaH samAdhiste'stvityAryajane nate / / dharmavRddhiH zubhaM zAntirastvityAzIragAriNI / pApakSayo'stviti prAjJaizcANDAlAdiSu dIyatAm / / AcArasAra 66-67 pR0 37-38. 4. vAkkhitaparAhutaM tu pamattaM mA kadAi vaMdijjo / AhAraM ca karato NIhAraM vA jadi karedi // mUlAcAra 73100.

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320 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - vandanA sambandhI vyavahAra kA vizeSa vivecana tRtIya adhyAya ke vandanA Avazyaka meM kiyA jA cukA hai| vandanA sambandhI vivecana se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki vandanA kI vizuddha vidhi ke lie sajagatA kI bahuta AvazyakatA hotI hai / isa prakAra vaiyAvRtya aura vinaya viSayaka paraspara vyavahAroM kA yaha vivecana AcAra tathA vyavahAra zAstra kI dRSTi se bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai / vaiyAvRtya viSayaka pUrvokta vivecana meM yaha bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai ki jyeSTha zramaNa tathA AcAryAdi kI vaiyAvRtya to svAbhAvika hai kintu laghu zramaNa bhI yadi kSINakAya yA asvastha ho jAye to AcArya yA anya jyeSTha zramaNoM ko usakI yathAyogya vaiyAvRtya karane kA vidhAna hai| niSiddha vyavahAra : __ zramaNa ko apane lakSya prApti meM bAdhaka kisI bhI kArya ko mana, vacana aura kAya se na karane kA vidhAna hai| bAla, vRddha, zrAnta yA glAna sabhI zramaNoM kA yaha prathama kartavya hai ki ve usI prakAra apane yogya AcaraNa kareM jisase mUla (zramaNatva yA mUlaguNAdi) kA hI uccheda na ho / ' apane guru ke viruddha kabhI AcaraNa nahIM karanA caahie| aisA karane vAle zramaNa bahumohI, kutsit zIla evaM AcaraNa se yukta hokara asamAdhi se maraNa karane vAle hone ke kAraNa anantasaMsArI hote haiM / 2 zramaNa jIvana kI kucha AvazyakatAyeM jaise AhAra, upadhi aura zayyA ko zuddhi kiye binA sevana karane se zramaNa mUlasthAna arthAt gRhasthAvasthA ko prApta hokara 'zrAmaNya tuccha' (samaNapollo) arthAt yatitvavihIna kahalAne lagatA hai| tathA usakA kAyotsarga, mauna, abhrAvakAza evaM AtApana yoga Adi kisI prayojana ke bhI nahIM / ataH jo zramaNa zAstravihita anuSThAna meM pravRtti karane vAlA hai vaha sabase pahale niSiddha AcaraNoM se nivartita ho, kyoMki kAraNa ke nAza se hI kArya kA nAza hotA hai| jaba taka kAraNa kA sampUrNa nAza nahIM hotA taba taka kArya se chuTakArA nahIM mila sktaa| __ maMtra, taMtra, jyotiSa Adi ke prayoga kA kar3A niSedha karate hue rayaNasAra meM kahA hai jo zramaNa maMtra, taMtra tathA bhUta-preta Adi vidyAoM kA pradarzana kara apanI upajIvikA karatA hai dhana-dhAnya Adi grahaNa tathA rAjA kI sevA karatA hai 1. pravacanasAra 3 / 30. 2. mUlAcAra 2071. 3. piMDovadhisejjAo avisodhiya jo ya bhuMjade samaNo / mUlaDhANaM patto bhuvaNesu have samaNapollo / / vahI 10 / 25. 4. vahI 10 // 27.

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vyavahAra : 321 vaha samasta zramaNoM ko dUSita karane vAlA saMsakta-zramaNa hai| uttarAdhyayana meM bhI kahA hai ki jo zramaNa lakSaNazAstra (zarIra ke lakSaNoM, cihnoM ko dekhakara zubhAzubha phala kahane vAle sAmudrika zAstra), svapnazAstra aura aMga vidyA kA prayoga karate haiM unheM zramaNa nahIM kahA jA sakatA-aisA AcAryoM ne kahA hai / bauddha paramparA meM bhI kahA hai ki aMga-nimitta, utpAda, svapna, lakSaNa Adi vidyAyeM "tiryaka vidyA" haiN| inase AjIvikA karane vAle kI "mithyA AjIvikA" hai * tathA jo inase pare hotA hai vahI AjIva-parizuddhi zIla' hai / parigraha evaM sAvadha kAryoM meM Asakta, krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha-kaSAyoM se yukta zramaNa loka-vyavahAra meM bhale hI catura rahe para ve samyaktva se rahita hI hote haiN| atyanta krodha, caMcalatA, cAritra meM Alasya, dUsare ke apratyakSa meM doSa kahanA, pizunatA, dIrghakaSAya, daMbha, parapIDana, mAraNa Adi maMtrazAstra arthAt hiMsA poSaka zAstroM kA sevana tathA Arambha ityAdi doSoM se yukta zramaNa cAhe vaha cirakAla se hI dIkSita kyoM na ho-aise zramaNa se sadAcArI zramaNa ko sadA bacanA cAhie / dharma se yukta, asaMvRttI, nIca tathA laukika-alaukika kriyAoM ke vivekajJAna se rahita dIrghakAla se pravajita zramaNoM ke bhI saMsarga se bacane ke lie kahA gayA hai|" niSiddha vacana vyavahAra : liMgapAhuDa meM kahA gayA hai ki zramaNa kA veSa dhAraNa karake, nAcanA, gAnA, bajAnA, bahumAna se garvita hokara kalaha, vivAda Adi karanA, dhUtakrIDA, kandAdi bhAvanAoM kA cintana, mAyAcAra, vyabhicAra, bhojana meM rasagRddhi, binA IryApathazuddhi ke calanA, mahilA varga, ziSya evaM gRhasthoM ke prati rAga bhAva rakhanA ityAdi doSoM yA inameM se koI eka bhI doSa se yukta zramaNa bhAvoM se vinaSTa huA pArzvastha zramaNa hai, yathArtha sAdhu nhiiN| tathA vaha tiryagyoni aura naraka kA pAtra hI hai| uttarAdhyayana meM kahA 1. rayaNasAra 96, cAritrasAra 144. 2. je lakkhaNaM ca suviNaM ca aMgavijjaM ca je pauMjanti / __nahu te samaNA vuccanti evaM AyariehiM akkhAyaM // uttarAdhyayana 8 / 13. 3. visuddhimagga 111, pR0 30-31. 4. rayaNasAra 97. 5. mUlAcAra 10 // 64-67. 6. liMgapAhu gaathaa-3|6|12|15|17|18|20.

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322 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana hai ki striyoM ko tyAgane vAlA anagAra unameM Asakta na ho| bhikSu dharma ko pezala arthAt ekAnta kalyANakArI manojJa jAnakara usameM apanI AtmA ko sthApita kre|' vacanoM ke viSaya meM vaTTakera ne kahA hai ki durjana vacanoM se DaranA cAhie kyoMki pUrvApara dekhe binA bolane vAlA zramaNa nagara kI nAliyoM meM bahane vAle kacare ke samAna vacanoM ko bahAte rahate haiM / 2 sthAnAMga sUtra meM kahA hai ki nirgrantha aura nirganthiyoM ko nimnalikhita chaha avacana (gahita vacana) nahIM bolanA cAhie-1. aloka (asatya) vacana, 2. hIlita (avahelanA yukta) vacana, 3. khisita (marmavedhI) vacana, 4. paruSa (kaTuka) vacana, 5. agArasthita vacana-arthAt yaha merA putra, merI mAtA ityAdi prakAra ke sambandha sUcaka vacana / tathA 6. upazAMta kalaha ko ubhAr3ane vAlA vacana / dazavakAlika ke "vAkyazuddhi" nAmaka saptama adhyayana meM kisa prakAra ko bhASA na bole Adi kA vistRta vivecana karate hue kahA hai ki paruSa (katAra) aura mahAn bhUtopaghAtI satya bhASA bhI na bolanA cAhie kyoMki inase pApakarma kA bandha hotA hai / kAne ko kAnA, napuMsaka ko napuMsaka, rogI ko rogI aura cora ko coraisa taraha dUsare ke mana ko coTa lagane vAlI bhASA na bole| prajJAvAna muni re, hola ! re gola ! o kutte, o vRSala / o dramaka ! o durbhaga -aise vacana na bole| isI prakAra he. dAdA-dAdI, nAnA-nAnI, pitA, cAcA, bhAnajA Adi sambodhana pUrvaka kisI puruSa yA strI ko AmaMtrita na kare apitu prayojanavaza yathAyogya guNa-doSa kA vicAra kara eka bAra yA bAra-bAra unheM unake nAma yA gotra se AmaMtrita kare / isI prakAra gAyeM duhane yogya, baila damana karane, vahana karane tathA ratha yogya haiM-aisA na bole / udyAna, parvata aura vana meM jAkara muni isa prakAra na kahe ki ye vRkSa prAsAda, stambha, toraNa, ghara, argalA, naukA Adi ke yogya haiM / ye phala pakva haiM, pakAkara khAne yogya haiM, tor3ane yogya haiM, nadiyA~ bharI huI hai| Apane bahuta acchA kiyA, bahuta acchA pakAyA Adi rUpa sAvadha vacanoM kA prayoga sAdhu ko nahIM karanA caahie| sAvadha kA anumodana karane vAlI, avadhAraNI aura para-upaghAtakAriNI bhASA, krodha, lobha, bhaya, mAna yA hAsyavaza na bole aura vAkyazuddhi ko bhalI bhAMti samajhakara doSa yukta vANI kA prayoga na 1. uttarAdhyayana 8 / 19. 2. vihedavvaM NiccaM dujjaNavayaNA paloTTajibbhassa / baraNayaraNiggamaM piva bayaNakayAraM bahaMtassa // mUlAcAra 1071. 3. sthAnAMga sUtra 61100.

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vyavahAra : 323 kare / mita aura doSa-rahita vANI soca-vicAra kara bolane vAlA sAdhu satpuruSoM meM prazaMsA ko prApta karatA hai / ' ___ anya niSiddha vyavahAraH-zramaNoM ko pAzvasthAdi zramaNoM kI vandanA kA niSedha hai / inake Agamana para uThakara khar3e honA bhI yogya nahIM hai / sukhecchA se apane AcAra meM zithila zramaNoM ke Agamana para abhyutthAna karane se karmabaMdha hotA hai tathA pramAda kI sthApanA se zithilAcAra evaM pAvasthAdi zramaNoM meM vRddhi ho sakatI hai| ___ ina saba niSiddha vyavahAroM ke atirikta bhI aneka prakAra ke vyavahAra niSiddha haiN| jaise zarIra-saMskAra, cikitsA Adi / vaTTakera ne kahA hai strI, putrAdi ke sneha baMdhana ko tor3ane vAle zramaNa apane zarIra ke prati mamatva nahIM rakhate / ataH mukha, netra, aMgamardana, muSTi evaM kASThayantra se zarIra kA tAr3ana-por3ana, dhUpa-saMskAra, vamana, virecana, aJjana, abhyaMga, mardana, lepana, nAsikA karma, vastikarma, zirAvedha Adi rUpa meM kisI bhI prakAra kA zarIra saMskAra nahIM karanA caahie| zramaNa ko yadi zarIra meM kisI prakAra ke roga yA usase utpanna kaSTa kI vedanA hotI hai to auSadhi se usake nirAkaraNa kI ceSTA nahIM karatA apitu samatApUrvaka sahana karate hue cAritra pariNAma meM hI dRr3ha rahanA cAhatA hai| kyoMki vaha yaha acchI taraha jAnatA hai ki zarIra rogoM kA Ayatana hai / mUlAcAra meM kahA hai ki sira, kukSi Adi meM vedanA utpanna hone para zramaNa use sahana karate haiN| kisI taraha kI cikitsA kI icchA nahIM karate apitu dRr3ha cAritra ke bala se use sahate haiN| kisI vyAdhi ke hone para ve punaH punaH yahI cintana karate haiM ki yaha zarIra to saikar3oM vyAdhiyoM se nirmita ghara hai ataH isase kSaNabhara bhI moha nahIM karanA caahie| zarIra ke viSaya meM pratikAra rahita hokara upasthita vyAdhi 1. dazavaikAlika-saptama adhyayana. 2. mUlAcAra 797, daMsaNa pAhuDa 23. 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA vi0 TI0 116. 4. mUlAcAra 9 / 70-72, dazavakAlika 3 / 3 / 9. 5. vahI 51219-220. 6. vahI 9 / 73. 7. rogANaM AyadaNaM vAghisadasamucchidaM sarIragharaM / dhIrA khaNamavi rAgaM Na kareMti muNI sarIrammi // vahI 9177.

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324 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana aura rogoM ko dhairyapUrvaka sahanA caahie| kyoMki kahA bhI hai ki kAla, kSetra, mAtrA, dravya kA bhArIpanA aura halkApanA tathA apanI zakti ko jAnakara jo bhojana karatA hai, use auSadhi se prayojana hI kyA ? arthAt use kabhI auSadhi lene kI AvazyakatA hI nhiiN| zramaNa ke lie to jinendradeva ke vacana ho rogoM ko dUra karane ke lie auSadhi, viSaya sukhoM ke lie virecana kA kArya karane vAle amRta tulya haiM tathA jarA, maraNa, vyAdhi, vedanA Adi sabhI duHkhoM kA kSaya karane vAle hote haiM / 3 ataH jinendradeva ke vacanoM meM dRr3ha zraddhAna rakhane vAle zramaNa samyak cAritra kA pAlana karate hue mRtyu kAla upasthita hone para bhI jina vacanoM kA ullaMghana karake koI bhI ayogya kriyA karane kI icchA taka nahIM krte| uttarAdhyayana meM bhI kahA hai ki roga utpanna hone para vedanA se pIr3ita sAdhu dInatA rahita hokara apanI buddhi ko sthira kare aura utpanna roga ko samabhAva se sahana kare / Atmazodhaka muni cikitsA kA abhinandana na kare / cikitsA na karanA aura na karAnA-yahI nizcaya se usakA zrAmaNya hai| tathA jo mantra, mUla (jar3I-bUTI) aura vividha vaidyacintA (vaidyaka upacAra) nahIM karatA vaha bhikSu hai / 5 prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra meM sAdhu ko puSpa, phala, kandamUla tathA saba prakAra ke bIja auSadha, bhaiSajya, bhojana Adi ke lie agrAhya batalAye haiN| kyoMki ye jIvoM kI yoniyA~ haiM / unakA uccheda karanA sAdhu ke lie akalpanIya hai| AhAra ke solaha utpAdana doSoM meM cikitsA bhI eka doSa hai| jisakA artha-auSadhi Adi batAkara AhAra prApta karanA hai| zramaNa ke lie isake dvArA AhAra kI gaveSaNA karanA niSiddha hai|" bhikSu cikitsA, mantra, mUla, bhaiSajya ke nimitta bhikSA prApta na kare / ' cikitsAzAstra ko jaina zramaNa ke lie pApazruta 1. mUlAcAra 9 / 74. 2. kAla kSetra mAtra svAtmyaM dravyagurulAghavaM svabalam / jJAtvA yo'bhyavahArya bhuGkte kiM bheSajastasya // prazamaratiprakaraNa-85137. 3. vahI 9175. 4. vahI 976. 4. uttarAdhyayana 2 / 32-33. 5. vahI 15 / 8. 6. praznavyAkaraNa dazama adhyayana paMcama saMvaradvAra, (aMgasuttANi bhAga 3. pR0 705-706. .. mUlAcAra 626, nizItha 13 // 69. 8. prazna vyAkaraNa saMvaratAra 1.

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vyavahAra : 325 kahA gayA hai| jabaki bauddha paramparA meM cikitsA ke nimitta sAvadya-niravadya tathA bhakSya-abhakSya Adi kucha bhI khAne pIne kA ullekha milatA hai| rAtri mauna :-digambara paramparA ke muniyoM ke AcAra meM vartamAna kAla meM dekhA jAtA hai ki ye muni niyamataH rAtri meM mauna dhAraNa kara lete haiM / yadyapi mUlAcAra athavA isake samakakSa anya prAcIna granthoM meM isa taraha kA spaSTa ullekha nahIM milatA aura vartamAna samaya meM zvetAmbara paramparA ke sAdhuoM meM bhI rAtri mauna kA pracalana prAyaH dekhane meM nahIM aataa| kintu yaha satya hai ki saMsAra se virakta muni ko rAtri meM mauna dhAraNa se mahAvrata, SaDAvazyaka, tapa, saMyama aura trigupti Adi ke nirvighna pAlana meM bahuta bala milatA hai| muni alpa nidrA hI karate haiM kintu unakI isa nIMda ko yoga-nidrA kahA jAtA hai aura jaba sAdhu pratimAyoga Adi dhAraNa karate haiM to 'mauna' svataH ho jAtA hai| ataH rAtri meM mauna dhAraNa karanA sAdhutva kI dRSTi se sarvathA yogya hai / prAyazcitta sambandhI vyavahAra : jaina AcArazAstra meM prAyazcitta ko 'vyavahAra' zabda se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai / prAyazcitta ke vyavahAra se cAritra zuddhi hotI hai| AcArya ke guNoM meM eka vyavahAra paTu guNa bhI hai / vyavahAra paTu se tAtparya hai jo prAyazcitta kA jJAtA ho, jisane bahuta bAra prAyazcitta dete hue dekhA ho aura svayaM bhI usakA prayoga kiyA ho use vyavahArI kahate haiM / prAyazcitta ke lie prAkRta bhASA meM pAyacchitta aura pacchitta-ye donoM zabda prApta hai / prAyazcitta meM prAya kA artha hai "loka" tathA citta usake mana ko kahate haiM usa citta ke grAhaka athavA usa citta ko zuddha karane vAlA karma prAyazcitta kahalAtA hai| jo pApa kA cheda (vinAza) karatA hai vaha pAyacchitta hai| evaM prAyaH jisase citta zuddha hotA hai vaha 'pacchitta' hai / 5 akalaMkadeva ne 'prAyazcitta' zabda kA vyutpattimUlaka artha karate hue kahA hai prAyaH sAdhulokaH, prAyasya yasminkarmaNi cittaM tatprAyazcittam / aparAdho vA prAyaH, cittaM zuddhiH prAyasya cittaM prAyazcittam, aparAdha .1 sthAnAMga 9.27. 2. mahAvagga 6.1.2-10 pR0 216-218. 3. anagAradharmAmRta 978 jJAnadIpikA TIkA / 4. (ka) bha0 A0 531. (kha) prAya ityucyate lokazcittaM tasya mano bhavet / taccittagrAhakaM karma prAyazcittamiti smRtaM // vahI, vijayodayATIkA 531. 5. jItakalpabhAjya gAthA 1-5.

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326 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vizuddhirityarthaH' arthAt prAyaH sAdhuloka, jisa kriyA meM sAdhuoM kA citta ho vaha prAyazcitta hai| athavA prAyaH = aparAdha kA zodhana jisase ho vaha prAyazcitta hai| akalaMkadeva ne prAyazcitta ke viSaya meM hI kahA hai ki lajjA aura paratiraskAra Adi ke kAraNa doSoM kA nivedana karake bhI yadi unakA zodhana nahIM kiyA jAtA to apanI AmadanI aura kharca kA hisAba na rakhane vAle karjadAra kI taraha duHkha kA pAtra bananA par3atA hai| bar3I se bar3I duSkara tapasyAyeM bhI AlocanA ke binA usI prakAra iSTaphala nahIM de sakatI jaise virecana se zarIra kI malazuddhi kiye binA khAI gaI auSadhi | AlocanA karake bhI yadi guru ke dvArA diye gaye prAyazcitta kA anuSThAna nahIM kiyA jAtA hai to vaha binA saMvAre dhAnya kI taraha mahAphaladAyaka nahIM ho sktaa| AlocanA yukta citta se kiyA gayA prAyazcitta sApha kiye gaye darpaNa meM rUpa kI taraha nikharakara camaka jAtA hai| ataH sadAcArI kulIna sAdhu ko apane guru ke samakSa apane doSoM kI AlocanA avazya karanI cAhie / guru meM bhI itanI kSamatA honI cAhie ki vaha Alocaka se usake doSoM ko svIkAra karA sake / AlocanA se pahale guru ko apane viSaya meM dayAdravita yA prasanna nahIM karanA cAhie, tAki ve alpa prAyazcitta deN| zivArya ne kahA hai ki dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva, karaNa pariNAma, utsAha, zarIrabala, pravajyA kAla, Agama aura puruSa ko jAnakara prAyazcitta denA caahie| 1. dravya pratisevanA Adi ke dvArA aparAdha kA nidAna jAnakara prAyazcitta denA cAhie / 2. prAyazcitta dete samaya kSetra kA bhI jJAna honA cAhie ki yaha kSetra jala bahula hai yA jala ko kamI vAlA hai athavA sAdhAraNa hai / 3. kAla kA jJAna honA bhI Avazyaka hai ki yaha grISma kAla hai yA zIta athavA sAdhAraNa / 4. kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, santoSa Adi athavA krodhAdi bhAva hai / 5. karaNa pariNAma se tAtparya hai prAyazcitta karane ke pariNAma / yaha prAyazcitta kyoM lenA cAhatA hai ? kyA yaha sAtha rahane ke lie prAyazcitta meM pravRtta huA hai athavA yaza, lAbha yA karmoM kI nirjarA ke lie pravRtta huA hai / ityAdi rUpa meM usake bhAvoM kA jJAna bhI Avazyaka hai| 6. prAyazcitta meM usakA utsAha kaisA hai yaha bhI jAnanA caahie| 7. prAyazcitta lene vAle ke zarIra meM 1. tattvArthavArtika 9-22 / 1 pRSTha 620. 2. vahI pRSTha 621. 3. davvaM khettaM kAlaM bhAvaM karaNapariNamamucchAhaM / saMghadaNaM pariyAyaM AgamapurisaM ca viNNAya // bhagavatI ArAdhanA 452.

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vyavahAra : 327 kitanA bala hai ? tadanukUla hI prAyazcitta denA cAhie / 8. pravajyA grahaNa kiye kitanA samaya huA hai-yaha bhI jAnanA cAhie / 9. AgamoM kA jJAna alpa hai yA bahuta / 10. prAyazcitta grahaNa karane vAlA puruSa vairAgya meM tatpara hai yA nhiiN| isa prakAra upayukta dravya kSetrAdi dasa ke viSaya meM vicArakara prAyazcitta denA caahie|' . sApekSa prAyazcitta dAna ke lAbha aura nirapekSa prAyazcitta dAna kI hAni kI ora saMketa karate hue jItakalpa bhASya meM jinabhadragaNi ne kahA gayA hai ki prAyazcittadAna meM dAtA ko dayAbhAva rakhanA cAhie tathA jise prAyazcitta denA ho usakI zakti kI ora bhI dhyAna rakhanA caahie| aisA hone para hI prAyazcitta kA prayojana siddha hotA hai tathA prAyazcitta karane vAle kI saMyama meM dRr3hatA ho sakatI hai| aisA na karane se prAyazcitta karane vAle meM pratikriyA utpanna hotI hai aura vaha saMyama meM sthita hone ke bajAya saMyama kA sarvathA tyAga hI kara detA hai / prAyazcitta dene meM itanA adhika dayA bhAva bhI nahIM rakhanA cAhie ki prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hI bhaMga ho jAe aura doSoM kI paramparA itanI adhika bar3ha jAe ki cAritra zuddhi ho hI na sake / binA prAyazcitta ke cAritra sthira nahIM raha sakatA / tathA cAritra ke abhAva meM tIrtha cAritra zUnya ho jAtA hai / cAritra zUnyatA se nirvANa kI prApti nahIM ho sktii| nirvANalAbha kA abhAva ho jAne para koI dIkSita bhI nahIM hogA / dIkSita sAdhuoM ke abhAva meM tIrtha bhI nahIM bnegaa| isa prakAra prAyazcitta ke abhAva meM tIrtha Tika hI nahIM sktaa| ataH jahA~ taka tIrtha kI sthiti hai vahA~ taka prAyazcitta kI paramparA calanI hI cAhie / isalie zivArya ne kahA hai ki saba tIrthaMkaroM kI yaha AjJA hai ki guru se apane aparAdha ko nivedana karake, ve jo prAyazcitta kaheM use grahaNa karake zuddhi karanA caahie| vyavahAra ke pA~ca bheda hai-Agama, zruta, AjJA, dhAraNA aura jIta / / 1. gyAraha aMgoM meM pratipAdita prAyazcitta ko Agama vyavahAra kahate haiM / 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA vijayodayA TokA 452. 2. jItakalpabhASya gAthA 300.318. (jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga 3 pR0 205.) 3. savve vi tiNNasaMgA titthayarA kevala annNtjinnaa| chadugatyassa visoSiM disaMti te vi ya sadA gurusayAse // bha. A0 529. 4. ka. Agamasuda ANA dhAraNA ya jIvo ya huMti vavahArA / edesi savitthArA pakhvaNA suttaNidiTaThA // bhagavato ArAdhanA 451. __ sva. anagAradharmAmRta kI jJAnadIpikA TIkA 978-79 pR0 682.

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328 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 2. caudaha pUrvoM meM pratipAdita prAyazcitta ko zruta kahate haiM / " 3. AjJA - jaise koI AcArya samAdhi lenA cAhate haiM kintu pairoM meM calane kI zakti nahIM hai taba ve dezAntara meM sthita prAyazcitta ke jJAtA kisI anya AcArya ke pAsa apane tulya jyeSTha ziSya ko bhejakara aura usake mukha se apane doSoM kI AlocanA karAkara unake dvArA nirdiSTa prAyazcitta ko yadi svIkAra karate haiM to yaha AjJA vyavahAra hai / 4. dhAraNA - vahI azakta AcArya doSa lagane para vahIM rahate hue pUrva nizcita prAyazcitta yadi karate haiM to vaha dhAraNA vyavahAra hai / 5. jIta - bahattara puruSoM ke svarUpa ko lekara vartamAna AcAryoM me jo zAstra meM kahA hai ki vaha jIta vyavahAra hai / " uparyukta pA~ca prakAra ke prAyazcitta meM se yadi Agama vidyamAna hai to Agama ke anusAra hI prAyazcitta denA cAhie / Agama na ho to zruta ke anusAra prAyazcitta denA cAhie / isa prakAra kramika prAyazcitta dene kA vidhAna hai / zvetAmbara paramparA ke aneka AgamoM meM uparyukta pA~ca vyavahAra kA vivecana vistRta rUpa meM upalabdha hotA hai / vastutaH vyavahAra saMcAlana meM AgamapuruSa kA prathama sthAna hai / usakI anupasthiti meM zrutapuruSa vyavahAra kA pravartana karatA hai / usakI anupasthiti meM AjJApuruSa, usakI anupasthiti meM dhAraNApuruSa aura dhAraNApuruSa kI anupasthiti meM jIta puruSa vyavahAra kA pravartana karatA hai / < 1. Agama vyavahAra - vyavahArabhASya ke anusAra jo chattIsa guNoM meM kuzala, AcAra Adi AlocanAhaM ATha guNoM se yukta, aThAraha varNanIya sthAnoM kA jJAtA, dasa prakAra ke prAyazcittoM ko jAnane vAlA, AlocanA ke dasa doSoM kA vijJAtA, vrata SaTka aura kAya SaTka ko jAnane vAlA tathA jo jAtisampanna Adi dasa guNoM se yukta hai-- vaha Agama vyavahArI hotA hai / 2. zruta vyavahAra -- jo vRhatkalpa aura vyavahAra ko bahuta par3ha cukA hai aura unako sUtra tathA artha ko dRSTi se nipuNatA se jAnatA hai, vaha zruta vyava - hArI kahalAtA haiM / 5 1. bha0 A0 kI mUlArAdhanA TIkA 451. 2 . vahI, 451 tathA anagAra dharmAmRta jJAnadIpikA TIkA 9178-79 pR0 683. 3. paMcavihe vavahAre paNNatte, taM jahA - Agame, sute, ANA, dhAraNA, jIte / - sthAnAMga 5 / 124. jItakalpa bhASya 7-109. 4. vyavahAra bhASya gAthA 328-334. 5. vahI gAthA 605-607,

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vyavahAra : 329 3. AjJA vyavahAra-koI AcArya bhakta pratyAkhyAna anazana meM vyApta hai / ve jIvanagata doSoM ko zuddhi hetu antima AlocanA ke AkAMkSI hai / ve socate haiM-AlocanA dene vAle AcArya dUrastha haiN| maiM azakta hU~, ataH unake pAsa nahIM jA sakatA aura ve yahA~ Ane meM asamartha hai| aisI sthiti se AjJA vyavahAra kA prayoga karake yogya ziSya ke mAdhyama se, dUrastha AcArya se prAyazcitta grahaNa karate haiN|' 4. dhAraNA vyavahAra-kisI gItArtha AcArya ne kisI samaya kisI ziSya ke aparAdha kI zuddhi ke lie jo prAyazcitta kiyA ho, use yAda rakhakara, vaisI hI paristhiti meM usI prAyazcitta vidhi kA upayoga karanA dhAraNA vyavahAra kahalAtA hai / udghAraNA (cheda sUtroM se uddhRta arthapadoM ko nipuNatA se jAnanA), vidhAraNA (viziSTa arthapadoM ko smRti meM dhAraNa karanA), saMdhAraNA (dhAraNa kiye hue arthapadoM ko AtmasAt karanA), aura saMpradhAraNA (pUrNa rUpa se arthapadoM ko dhAraNa kara prAyazcitta kA vidhAna karanA)-ye dhAraNA ke hI paryAyavAcI zabda haiM / 5. jIta vyavahAra-kisI AcArya ke gaccha meM kisI kAraNavaza koI sUtrAtirikta prAyazcitta pravartita huA aura vaha bahutoM dvArA aneka bAra anuvartita huA ho to usa prAyazcitta-vidhi ko 'jIta' kahA jAtA hai| sAmAnyataH kisI aparAdha ke lie AcAryoM ne eka prakAra kA prAyazcitta-vidhAna kiyaa| dUsare samaya meM deza, kAla, dhRti, saMhanana, bala Adi dekhakara usI aparAdha ke lie jo dUsare prakAra kA prAyazcitta-vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai, use jIta vyavahAra kahate haiN|" isakA mUla AdhAra AgamAdi na hokara kevala paramparA hI hotI hai ataH jisa jIta vyavahAra se cAritra ko zuddhi hotI ho usI kA AcaraNa karanA cAhie / isa prakAra zvetAmbara paramparA ke AgamoM aura unakI vyAkhyAoM meM vyavahAra ke uparyukta pAMca bhedoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kahA hai ki-sampUrNa prAyazcitta vidhi ko jAnate hue muni ko apanI utkRSTa vizuddhi ke lie para kI sAkSIpUrvaka zuddhi karanA caahie| 1. vyavahAra bhASya uddezyaka 10, gAthA 610-615, 627, 628, 660 661, 673. 2. sthAnAMga vRtti patra 302. 3. vyavahArabhASya uddezyaka 10 gAthA 675-678. 4. sthAnAMga vRtti patra saMkhyA 302. 5. ThANaM 5 / 124 kI TippaNa 86, pR0 633H

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330 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kyoMki apanI aura dUsare kI sAkSIpUrvaka vizuddhi utkRSTa mAnI jAtI hai| aisA na karane se saba kevala apanI hI sAkSA pUrvaka zuddhi karane lageMge aura aisA karane para ve zuddha nahIM ho skeNge| loga prAyaH dekhA-dekhI karane vAle hote haiN| AcArya Adi kI sAkSI pUrvaka zuddhi meM mAyA-zalya dUra hotA hai| mAna kaSAya jar3a se ukhar3a jAtI hai| gurujana ke prati Adara bhAva vyakta hotA hai / unake adhIna rahakara vratAcaraNa karane se mokSamArga kI khyAti hotI hai / 2 zramaNa aura gRhastha tathA unake paraspara sambandha zramaNa jIvana laukika vyavahAroM se pare hotA hai kintu unakI bhikSAcaryA, vaiyAvRttya Adi kArya binA gRhasthoM ke nahIM sapate / ataH zramaNoM ko gRhasthoM ke sAtha apanI maryAdAoM ke antargata samparka Avazyaka hotA hai / vaTTakera ne sAmAyika Avazyaka ke prasaMga meM kahA hai ki gRhasthadharma aparama (jaghanya) hai kyoMki Arambha (hiMsA) Adi pravRttiyoM kI pramukhatA hone se yaha saMsAra kA kAraNabhUta hai|' dazavakAlika meM kahA hai ki gRhastha se paricaya yA saMsarga nahIM karanA caahie|4 kyoMki sneha Adi doSoM kI saMbhAvanA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara gRhastha ke sAtha paricaya karane kA niSedha kiyA hai aura kuzala-pakSa kI vRddhi ke lie sAdhuoM ke sAtha saMsarga rakhane kA upadeza kiyA hai|" asaMyata jana, mAtA-pitA, asaMyata guru, rAjA, anya tIrtha yA dezavirata zrAvaka, yakSAdi deva tathA pAvasthAdi pA~ca prakAra ke pApa zramaNoM kI virata muni ko vandanA nahIM karane kA vidhAna hai| dazavakAlika ke anusAra sAdhu gRhastha kI vaiyAvRttya na kare / abhinandana, vaMdana aura pUjana na kre| muni saMklezarahita sAdhuoM ke sAtha rahe jisase ki caritra kI hAni na ho| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM zramaNa ko mithyAdRSTi janoM ke sAtha mauna rahane tathA zAnta pariNAmI mithyAdRSTi janoM yA svajanoM ke sAtha alpa-bhASaNa karane athavA na bolane kA 1. evaM jANaMteNa vi prAyacchittavidhimappaNo savvaM / kAdamvAdaparavisodhaNAe parasakkhigA sodhI / ma0 A0 531. 2. vahI, vijayodayA TIkA 531, 536. 3. gihatthavammo'paramatti NiccA kujjA vudho appahiyaM pasatthaM / mUlAcAra 7 // 13. 4. gihisaMthavaM na kujjA-dazavai0 8152. 5. dazava0 hAribhadrIya TIkA patra 237. 6. No vaMdijja aviradaM mAdA pidu guru gariMda aNNatitthaM va / desavirada devaM vA virado pAsatthapaNagaM vA // mUlAcAra 7 / 95. 7. dazavakAlika dvitIya cUlikA gAthA 9.

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vyavahAra : 331 nirdeza hai| svajanoM se isalie bole ki mere vacana sunakara samyagdarzana Adi ko grahaNa kreNge| yadi aisI sambhAvanA ho taba dharma kA upadeza de, nahIM to mauna hI rahe / ' rayaNasAra meM kahA hai laukika janoM kI saMgati se atyanta vAcAlatA kI pravRtti hotI hai tathA vaha kuTila aura durbhAvanAyukta ho jAtA hai| isalie mana-vacana-kAya se dekhabhAla kara laukika janoM kI saMgati chor3a denA cAhie / virata muni ko gRhastha ko vaMdanA na karane kA vidhAna hai kintu jyeSTha aura laghu muniyoM tathA AyikAoM kI taraha muni ko yogya gRhasthoM ko bhI apramatta bhAva se yathAyogya vAcika aura mAnasika vinaya karane kA ullekha hai| ataH apane ko zreSTha samajha choTe-bar3e. strI-puruSa, Adi gRhasthoM kA kabhI tiraskAra bhI nahIM karanA caahie| taruNa zramaNa ko yuvA strI ke sAtha kathA va hAsyAdi mizrita vArtAlApa kA kar3A niSedha kiyA hai / isakA ullaMghana karane para AjJAkopa, anavasthA (mUla hI kA vinAza), mithyAtva-ArAdhana, AtmanAza aura saMyama virAdhanA-ina pA~ca doSoM kA bhAgI honA par3atA hai| jo zramaNa mahilA varga tathA gRhasthoM evaM ziSyoM se rAga karatA hai tathA nirdoSa prANiyoM ko doSa lagAtA hai svayaM darzana evaM jJAna se rahita hai, use tiryaJca yoni kA pazu kahA gayA hai| zramaNa ko kevala svAdhyAyabhAvanA meM Asakta hokara, paropadeza dekara, sva-para samuddhAra, jinAjJA kA pAlana, vAtsalya, prabhAvanA, jina vacanoM meM bhakti tathA tIrtha kI avyucchitti jaise zubha kAryoM evaM guNoM meM pravRtta rahanA cAhie aura jahA~ taka ina guNoM meM dUSaNa kI sambhAvanA na ho vahIM taka zrAvakoM ke sAtha unakA sambandha rahanA caahie| vastutaH muni, AyikA tathA zrAvaka, zrAvikA rUpa saMgha meM zramaNa aura zrAvaka donoM eka dUsare ke pUraka hai| donoM hI jaina dharma ke pramukha stambha mAne jAte haiN| ataH zrAvaka ke sAtha muni kA samparka AhAra caryA, vaiyAvRttya, dharmopadeza Adi ke samaya honA svAbhAvika hai kintu yaha samparka 'lakSya kI ekatA' ke kAraNa hai / 1. bha0 A0 174. vijayodayA TIkA sahita / 2. rayaNasAra 42. 3. mUlAcAra 5 / 187. 4. dazavaikAlika 8 / 21 / 52. 5. mUlAcAra 4 / 179. 6. liMga pAhuDa 17-18. 7. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 111.

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332 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ataH aisA nirapekSa vyavahAra yA samparka rakhanA cAhie jisase apane dharma kI sAdhanA meM kiJcit mAtra bhI bAdhA na pahu~ce / kyoMki asAvadhAnIvaza dhArmikatA ke bahAne saMsAra ke prapaJca meM praveza aura jhukAva ho sakatA hai / aura yaha bhI tathya hai ki zramaNoM meM sAMsArika AkarSaNa prathamataH sAMsArikajanoM ke nimitta se bhI bar3hate haiM / zrAvaka dvArA AhAra dAna :-cAra prakAra ke dAna haiM--AhAra, auSadhi, zAstra (jJAna) aura abhaya / sAgAradharmAmRta meM kahA hai ki muniyoM ko tapa tathA zrutajJAna meM upakAraka nirdoSa AhAra, auSadhi, vasatikA aura zAstra Adi arthAt picchI, kamaNDalu Adi dekara upakRta karanA cAhie / ' ina cAroM vastuoM ko dene se cAra prakAra kA vaiyAvRttya hotA hai / yadyapi zreSThatA kI dRSTi se gRhastha dharma kI apekSA zramaNa dharma hI zreSTha mAnA gayA hai / kyoMki mAnava jIvana kA lakSya hai-- Atma kalyANa pUrvaka mukti prApti aura binA zramaNa veza dhAraNa kiye yaha sambhava nahIM hai / pratyeka gRhastha zrAvaka kA yaha prathama manoratha hotA hai ki "maiM kaba ghara chor3akara bhramaNa banU~" / aura uttama zrAvaka apane isa manoratha ko isI jIvana meM pUrA karane hetu prayatna karatA hai / phira bhI gRhasthAzrama kI apanI mahattA hai | zramaNa kA jIvana vyavahAra bAhya rUpa meM gRhasthoM ke AdhAra para calatA hai / mahAbhArata meM bhI kahA hai jaise sabhI jIva mAtA kA sahArA lekara jIvana yApana karate haiM, usI prakAra sabhI Azrama gRhastha Azrama kA Azraya lekara hI jIvana yApana karate haiN| kyoMki sva-para kalyANa ke lie apane zarIra kA bharaNapoSaNa Avazyaka hai aura usakI pUrti gRhastha dvArA pradatta AhAra dAna se hotI hai / zramaNa ko svayaM pacana- pAcana athavA zramaNa nirdoSa bhikSAvRtti para nirbhara hai / pUrNataH aparigrahI AhAra nirmANa ke upakrama kA vidhAna nahIM hai kyoMki jo usakI anumodanA karake tathA SaTkAya ke jIvoM kA ghAta karake AhAra letA hai vaha ajJAnI, lobhI zramaNa jihva endriya ke adhaH karma se banA vazIbhUta hokara na to 1. tapaH zrutopayogIni niravadyAni bhaktitaH / munibhyo'nnoSaghAvAsAsapustakAdIni kalpayet // sAgAradharmAmRta 2 / 69. 2. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 117. 3. kayA NaM ahaM muMDe bhavittA agArAo aNagAritaM pavvaissAmi / 4. yathA mAtaramAzritya sarve yathA gRhAzramaM prApya sarve - sthAnAMga 3|4| 210. ThANaM pRSTha 250 jIvanti jantava: / jIvanti cAzramAH // - mahAbhArata anuzAsana parva adhyAya 141.

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vyavahAra : 333 zrama pada ke yogya hai aura na zrAvaka pada ke yogya hai / 1 tathA jo zramaNa jahA~ cAhe yA jisa kisI sthAna para upalabdha AhAra, upadhi Adi grahaNa kara letA hai| vaha zramaNa ke guNoM se rahita saMsAra ko bar3hAne vAlA hai / ataH zramaNa ko apane dharma ke anurUpa hI AhAra Adi sambandhI pravRtti karanA caahie| tAki zramaNa dharma aura zrAvaka - dharma - donoM kI sArthakatA aura mahattA banI rahe / zramaNa kA zarIra asvastha ho jAya to zrAvaka auSadha, pathya, bhojana aura jala dvArA maryAdA ke anusAra zramaNa ke zarIra ko vrataparipAlana ke yogya svastha karane kA prayatna karatA hai / isalie kahA jAtA hai ki zramaNoM kA dharma uttama zrAvaka ke nimitta se hI calatA hai / manusmRti meM kahA hai - jisa prakAra vAyu ke sahAre saba jIva jIvita rahate haiM, usI prakAra gRhastha ke sahAre anya Azrama rahate haiM / bhikSA meM jo anna diyA jAtA hai yadi vaha AhAra lene vAle zramaNa ke tapazcaraNa aura svAdhyAya Adi ko bar3hAne vAlA hotA hai to vaha dravya kI vizeSatA kahalAtI hai / " AhAradAna se tIna dAna siddha hote haiM - AhAradAna, jJAnadAna aura abhayadAna / kyoMki prANiyoM ko bhUkha, pyAsa rUpa vyAdhi pratidina hotI hai, kintu AhAra ke bala se hI zramaNa rAta-dina zAstra kA abhyAsa karatA hai aura prANoM kI bhI rkssaa| ataH prAsuka anna tathA upadhi -- ina donoM ko jo ( gRhastha ) AtmazuddhipUrvaka detA hai, tathA jo grahaNa karatA hai una donoM ko mahAn phala prApta hotA hai / " zrAvaka ko zramaNa ke lie dAna dene kI nau vidhiyAM haiM-zramaNa ko ThaharAnA, ucca Asana para baiThAnA, paira dhonA, pA~ca tathA mana, vacana, kAya aura vAyu, zleSma ina prakRtiyoM meM usakI kauna sI prakRti pUjA stuti karanA AhAra kI zuddhatA 1. mUlAcAra 10 / 36, 35, 41. 2. mUlAcAra 1040. 3. padmanandi paMcaviMzatikA 7 / 9-10. aura praNAma karanA - ye ye cAra / " zIta, uSNa, ? kAyotsarga yA gamanA 4. yathA vAyuM samAzritya sarve jIvanti jantavaH / tathA gRhasthamAzritya vartante itarAzramaH / manusmRti 3.77. 5. cAritrasAra 28. 6. kArtikeyAnuprekSA 363-364. 7. phAsugadANaM phAsugauvadhi taha do vi attasodhie / jo di jo ya hidi doNhaM pi mahatphalaM hoi || mUlAcAra 10/45. 8. vasunandi zrAvakAcAra 225.

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334 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana gamana se kitanA parizrama huA hai ? zarIra meM jvarAdi pIr3A to nahIM hai ? upavAsa se kaNTha zuSka to nahIM hai ? ityAdi bAtoM kA vicAra karake usake upacAra svarUpa zrAvaka ko dAna denA cAhie / hita-mita, prAsuka anna-pAna, nirdoSa hitakArI auSadhi, nirAkula sthAna, zayanopakaraNa Adi dAna yogya vastue~ haiN|' zramaNa ko AhArArtha zrAvaka ke ghara jAkara baiThanA ThIka nahIM hai| aisA vyavahAra bhI nahIM karanA cAhie ki AhAra meM doSa utpanna hoN| zrAvaka ko maMjana, maMDana, krIDana Adi kA upadeza dekara, paradeza kA samAcAra kahakara, masA, tila Adi aSTAMganimitta batAkara, apanI jAti, kula, tapazcaryAdi batAkara, anukUla vacana kahakara, auSadhi batAkara, krodha, mAna, mAyA, aura lobha se, dAtA kI pUrva prazaMsA evaM pazcAt stuti karake, AkAzagAminI-vidyA, sarpa-vicchU Adi ke maMtra sikhAkara, zarIra zuddhi hetu cUrNa Adi batAkara aura kisI ko vaza meM karane kI yukti batAkara AhAra grahaNa karane se yA bhikSA prApta karane se AhAra ke utpAdana doSoM kA usa zramaNa ko bhAgI bananA par3atA hai / / zramaNa ke dasa sthitikalpa : zAstrasammata sAdhu samAcAra ko kalpa (kappa) kahate haiM tathA usa kalpa meM sthiti ko sthitikalpa kahate haiN| sAdhu kA AcAra, vicAra, maryAdA, nIti, sAmAcArI tathA inake niyama, vidhi-ye kalpa zabda ke paryAyavAcI zabda hai / isa prakAra saMyamamArga meM pravRtti karane vAle jisase samartha banate haiM use kalpa kahate hai| sAmarthya, varNanA, kAla, chedana, karaNa, aupamya aura adhivAsa-ina arthoM meM bhI kalpa zabda prayukta hotA hai / " vasunandi ne kalpa zabda kA "vikalpa" artha kiyA hai| vaidika paramparA meM AcAra ke niyamoM ke lie kalpa zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM sAdhu ke AcAra ko kalpa kahate haiN| kalpa ke aneka prakAra se bheda-prabhedoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / kalpa ke 1. rayaNasAra-23-24. 2. bhagavatI ArAdhanA vi0 TI0 609, pR0 807. 3. mUlAcAra 6 / 28-41. 4. kalpante-samarthA bhavanti saMyamAdhvani pravartamAnA aneneti kalpaH--kalpasUtra kalpalatA TIkA (A0 ghAsIlAlakRta) kA maMgalAcaraNa pRSTha 6-7. 5. sAmatthe vaNNaNA kAle cheyaNe karaNe thaa| ovamme ahivAse ya kappasaddo viyAhio // paJcakalpa mahAbhASya 154. 6. kalpo vikalpaH-mUlAcAra TIkA 10 / 18 10 105.

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vyavahAra : 335 do bheda bhI kiye gaye hai-jinakalpa aura sthavira kalpa / zaurasenI prAkRta ke prAcIna pranthoM meM kalpa ke ina bhedoM kA ullekha kama milatA hai kintu ardhamAgadhI prAkRta ke granthoM meM ina bhedoM kA vistRta vivecana milatA hai / digambara paramparA ke devasena viracita bhAvasaMgraha meM ina bhedoM kA vivecana isa prakAra hai 1. jinakalpa-jo uttama saMhananadhArI haiM, paira meM kA~TA laga jAne athavA A~khoM meM dhUla Adi gira jAne para svayaM nahIM nikAlate kintu koI nikAlatA hai to mauna rahate haiN| varSA meM gamana ruka jAne se chaha mAsa taka nirAhAra pUrvaka kAyotsarga meM sthita ho jAte haiM / gyAraha aMgadhArI ye dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna meM tatpara rahate haiM / sampUrNa kaSAyoM ke tyAgI, maunavratI aura guphAoM meM Thaharane vAle hote haiN| jo bAhya evaM Abhyantara parigraha aura sneha rahita hote haiM-aise vAggupta evaM nispRhI yatipati vicaraNa karate hue "jina" ke samAna hone se jinakalpa meM sthita kahalAte haiN|' 2. sthavira kalpa-bhAvasaMgraha meM kahA hai-anagAra muniyoM kA sthavirakalpa bhI bhagavAn jinendradeva ne pratipAdita kiyA hai| jo pA~ca prakAra ke cela arthAt vastra kA tyAga karatA hai, akiMcanavRtti, pratilekhana-picchikA grahaNa, paMcamahAvrata dhAraNa, sthita bhojana, ekabhakta, zrAvaka dvArA diyA gayA bhojana karapAtra meM grahaNa karanA, ayAcakavRtti, bAraha tapoM meM sadA udyukta, SaDAvazyakoM kA sadA pAlana, kSitiziyana, kezaloMca, jinavara kI mudrA dhAraNa, saMhanana kI apekSA se isa duSamA kAla meM pura, nagara, grAma meM nivAsa-ina saba caryAoM ko karane vAle sthavira kalpa sthita sAdhu kahe jAte haiN| jisase caryA (cAritra) kA bhaMga na ho aise hI upakaraNa grahaNa karate haiM / sAdhu samudAya arthAt saMgha sahita vihAra karate tathA apanI zakti ke anusAra dharma-prabhAvanA karate hue bhavya jIvoM ko dharmopadeza evaM ziSyoM kA grahaNa aura pAlana karate haiN| Age batAyA hai ki isa duHSama kAla meM zarIra saMhanana aura guNoM kI kSINatA ke kAraNa muni nagara, pura, aura grAma meM rahane lage haiM phira bhI tapa kI prabhAvanA karate hue ye dhIra-vIra puruSa mahAvata ke bhAra ko dhAraNa karane meM utsAhI haiM / 2 1. viho jiNehiM kahio jiNakappo taha ya thavirakappo ya / jo jiNakappo uto uttamasaMhaNaNadhArissa // jastha ya kaMTayabhaggo pAe gayaNammi rayapaviTTammi / pheDaMti sayaM muNiNo parAvahAre ya tuhikkA // ....... jiNa iva viharanti sayA te jiNakappe ThiyA savaNA // -bhAvasaMgraha gAthA 119-123. 2. thavirakappo vi kahio aNayArANaM jiNeNa so eso / paMcaccelaccAo akiMcaNattaM ca paDilihaNaM //

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336 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana zvetAmbara paramparA meM kahA hai ki jo saMgha meM rahakara sAdhanA karate haiM, unakI AcAra-maryAdA ko sthavirakalpa sthiti kahA jAtA hai / satraha prakAra ke saMyama kA pAlana, jJAna, darzana, cAritra kI paramparA kA viccheda na hone denA, isake lie ziSyoM ko jJAna, darzana aura cAritra meM nipuNa karanA tathA vRddhAvasthA meM jaMghAbala kSINa hone para sthiravAsa karanA-ye saba sthavirakalpa ke mukhya aMga haiN| jinakalpa sthiti se tAtparya yaha ki jo vizeSa sAdhanA ke lie saMgha se alaga hokara rahate haiM unakI AcAra-maryAdA ko jinakalpasthiti kahA jAtA hai| ye akele rahate haiM, zArIrika zakti, mAnasika dRr3hatA se sampanna, dhRtimAna aura acche saMhanana se yukta hote haiM / ve sabhI prakAra ke upasarga sahane meM samartha tathA pariSahoM kA sAmanA karane meM niDara rahate haiN| kalpasUtra TIkA meM kahA hai kAla kI dRSTi se isa pAMcaveM Are (paMcama kAla) meM jinakalpa vicchinna hai|3| digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI jaina paramparAoM meM zramaNa ke nimnalikhita dasa sthitikalpoM kA vivecana prApta hotA hai ___accelakuddesiya sejjAhararAyapiMDa kidiyammaM / vada jeTTha paDikkamaNaM mAsaM pajjo samaNa' kappo' / Acelakya, auddezika, zayyAtara (zayyAdhara, zayyAgRha) piMDa tyAga, rAjapiMDa tyAga, kRtikarma, vrata, jyeSTha, pratikramaNa, mAsa tathA paryA (paryuSaNa)-ye dasa kalpa paMcamahavyayadharaNaM ThidibhoyaNa eyapatta krptto| bhattibhareNa ya dattaM kAle ya ajAyaNe bhikkhaM // ...."saMhaNaNaM aiNiccaM kAlo so dussamo maNo cavalo / taha vihu dhIrA purisA mahanvayabharadharaNa ucchariyA / -bhAvasaMgraha gAthA 124-131. 1. bRhatkalpabhASya, gAthA 6485. 2. vahI gAthA 6484; vRtti sahita / 3. kalpasUtra (A0 ghAsIlAla jI mahArAjakRta TIkA 1) pRSTha 9-10. 4. (ka) AcelakkaM uddesiyaM sijjAyarapiMDe rAyapiMDe kiikamme mahavvae pajjAyajeTTe, paDikkamaNe mAsanivAse pajjosavaNA-kalpasUtra sUtra 1 pR0 8. (kha) Acelakkuddesiya sijjAyara-rAyapiMDa-kiikamme / vaya-je?-paDikkamaNe mAsaM pajjosavaNakappe / Avazyaka niyukti 121. 5. mUlAcAra kI hastalikhita kAraMjA vAlI prati tathA bha0 A0 421 meM "pajjosavaNakappo" pATha hai| 6. mUlAcAra 10118. bha0 A0 421.

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vyavahAra : 337 haiM / bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM ina dasa sthiti kalpoM ko AcArya ke AcAravatva guNa ke varNana prasaMga meM inakA ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki jo ina dasa sthitikalpoM meM samyak sthita hai vaha AcAravAn hai / " anagAra dharmAmRta meM AcArya ke chattIsa guNoM ( AcAravAn Adi ATha, bAraha tapa, dasa sthitikalpa tathA chaha Avazyaka) ra ke antargata ina kalpoM kI gaNanA kI gaI hai / jabaki mUlAcAra aura zvetAmbara paramparA meM sarvasAdhAraNa zramaNoM ke lie ina kalpoM kA ullekha hai / uparyukta dasa sthitikalpoM ko sthita aura asthita -- ina do bhedoM meM bhI vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi digambara paramparA ke prAyaH pramukha granthoM meM ina do bhedoM kA ullekha nahIM milatA / zayyAtara piMDa, vrata, jyeSTha, aura kRtikarma -- ye cAra kalpa 'sthita' tathA Acelakya, auddezika, pratikramaNa, rAjapiMDa, mAsa aura paryuSaNA -- ye chaha kalpa 'asthita' kalpa ke antargata haiM / " bhagavatI sUtra meM kalpa - sAmAnya ke hI sthita aura asthita- ye do bheda mAne gaye haiM / " sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke samaya meM sabhI sAdhu anivArya rUpa se 'sthita' kalpoM kA pAlana karate haiM tathA zeSa chaha 'asthita' kalpoM kA pAlana prathama aura antima tIrthaMkaroM ko chor3akara zeSa madhya ke bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke sAdhu tathA videha ke sAdhu inheM pAlate bhI haiM aura nahIM bhI pAlate haiM / isIlie ye 'asthita' kalpa kahe jAte haiM / bhagavAn pAva ke samaya meM sAmAyika saMyama kI vyavasthA thI kintu bha0 mahAvIra ne usake sthAna para chedopasthApanIya saMyama kI vyavasthA kI / isa dRSTi se bha0 pArzva ke samaya pUrvokta cAra kalpa anivArya tathA zeSa chaha kalpa aicchika hote haiM / yaha sAmAyika saMyama kI maryAdA hai / bha0 mahAvIra ne ukta dasa kalpoM ko zramaNa ke lie anivArya banA diyA / phalataH chedopasthApanIya saMyama kI maryAdA meM se dasoM kalpa anivArya ho gaye / 1. dasaviha Thidikappe vA havejja jo suTTido sathAyario - bha0 A0 420. 2. anagAra dharmAmRta 9 / 76. 3. ( ka ) mUlAcAra 10 / 18. (kha) Avazyaka niryukti malayagiri vRtti - 121, bRhatkalpabhASya 63-64, paJcAzaka vivaraNa 17. 4. paJcAzaka prakaraNa 17 / 7-9. 5. bhagavatI 25 / 6 / 299: dekheM - anagAra dharmAmRta pR0 685 kA vizeSArtha (bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana 11970) 7. ThANaMH TippaNa 6 / 39 pR0 702.

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338 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana dasa sthiti kalpoM kA vivecana isa prakAra hai 1. accelakka (Acelakya):-cela zabda vastra kA paryAyavAcI hai / yahA~ cela kA grahaNa parigraha kA upalakSaNa hai| ataH vastrAdi samasta parigraha kA tyAga Acelakya hai|' kalpasUtra TIkA meM kahA hai jisake cela arthAt vastra na ho vaha acela tathA acela kA bhAva Acelakya yA acelatA hai / 2 mUlAcAra tathA bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM Acelakya, kezaluJcana, zarIra saMskAra evaM mamattva tyAga, aura pratilekhana-ye cAra prakAra ke liMgakalpa (liMga bheda) autsagika liMga meM mAne gaye haiM / Acelakya kalpa ke kAraNa hI sAdhu nirgrantha kahA jAtA hai / tathA isI kalpa se dasa dharmoM kA pAlana sugamatA se hotA hai| cela kA upalakSaNa parigraha hai jisake nimitta se krodha hotA hai aura isake abhAva meM uttama kSamA dharma kA pAlana kiyA jA sakatA hai| isI prakAra se mArdava Adi dharmoM kA pAlana hotA hai| zramaNoM ke lie acelakatva guNa mokSa-yAtrA ke sAdhanabhUta ratnatraya aura guNIpane kA cihna hai| isase zrAvakoM ko dAnAdi meM pravRtti bhI hotI hai| Atma-sthiratA guNa utpanna hotA hai| sAtha hI gRhasthoM se bhinnatA dikhatI hai / parigraha kA lAghava apratilekhana, gatabhayatva, sammUrchana jIvoM kA bacAva aura parikarma arthAt kAryoM kA tyAga-ye saba guNa Acelakya kalpa meM haiN|" sthAnAMga sUtra meM pAMca sthAnoM para Acelakya ko prazasta batAyA hai--1. acelaka ke pratilekhanA alpa hotI hai| 2. usakA lAghava prazasta hotA hai / 3. usakA rUpa (veSa) vaizvAsika-vizvAsa ke yogya hotA hai 4. usakA tapa anujJAta arthAt jinAnumata hotA hai| tathA 5. usake vipula indriya nigraha hotA hai / isa prakAra zramaNa jIvana meM Acelakya sthitikalpa kA pramukha sthAna hai / 1. (ka) acelakattve vastrAdyabhAvaH-mUlAcAra vRtti 10 / 18. (kha) celagrahaNaM parigrahopalakSaNaM tena sakalaparigraha tyAgaH Acelakyamityucyate -bhagavatI ArAdhanA vi0 TIkA 421. 2. na vidyate celaM-vastraM yasyAsI acelakaH tasya bhAvaH Acelakyam / -kalpasUtra TIkA pRSTha 22. 3. accelakkaM loco vosaTTasarIradA ya paDilihaNaM / eso hu liMgakappo catuvidho hodi ussagge // bha0 A0 79. -mUlAcAra 10117. 4. bha0 A0 vi0 TIkA 82. 5. vahI 82-83. 6. sthAnAMga 5 / 3.

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vyavahAra : 339 2. uddesiya ( auddezika) tyAga - zramaNoM ke uddezya se banAyA gayA bhojanAdi auddezika kahalAtA hai / isa viSaya meM nirdiSTa AcAra auddezika kalpa hai / zramaNa ke uddezya se banAyA gayA AhAra, vasatikA Adi ke grahaNa kA unheM niSedha hai / ' kyoMki auddezika AhAra ke grahaNa meM aneka doSa haiN| isake grahaNa se trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai ataH sAdhu ko isa prakAra kA AhAra kabhI grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie / 3. sejjAhara ( zayyAgRha / zayyAtara) piNDa tyAga- - isa tRtIya kalpa se tAtparya hai sthAnadAtA se bhaktapAna lene kA tyAga / jo vasatikA banAtA hai, jo use susaMskRta karatA hai tathA jo vasatikA na to banAtA hai aura na susaskRta karatA hai kintu mAtra vasati dete hue kahatA hai ki yahA~ Thahariye / ye tInoM zayyAtara kahalAte haiM / inakA piNDa arthAt bhojana, upakaraNa Adi zayyAtara piNDa hai tathA inakA piNDa grahaNa na karanA sejjAhara piNDa tyAga kalpa hai / kyoMki inakA piNDa grahaNa karane se rAga-dveSAdi kI utpatti hotI hai / cUMki zayyAtara dharmaphala ke lobha se chipAkara AhAra Adi dene kI yojanA kara sakatA hai isase auddezika AhAra grahaNa kA doSa AtA hai / athavA jo daridra yA lobho hone se piNDa dene meM asamartha hai vaha loka-nindA ke bhaya se zramaNa ko Thaharane ke lie vasatikA hI nahIM degA / AhAra aura vasati denevAle para yati kA sneha bhI ho sakatA hai ki isane hamArA bahuta upakAra kiyA / kintu zayyAtara kA piNDa grahaNa na karane meM ye doSa nahIM haiN| sUtrakRtAMga meM ise " sAgariya piNDa" bhI kahA hai / kalpasUtra TIkA meM kahA hai ki zayyAtara ke yahA~ se AhAra Adi grahaNa karanA aura usakA upabhoga karanA sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko nahIM kalpatA / " nizItha bhASya meM zayyAtara se tAtparya zramaNa ko zayyA ( vasatikA) Adi dekara saMsAra-samudra ko tairane vAlA gRhastha batalAyA hai / isake azana, pAna, khAdya, svAdyAdi AhAra tathA anya vastuoM ko akalpanIya kahA hai / 4. rAyapiNDa ( rAjapiNDa) tyAga : - rAjA tathA rAjA ke sadRza jo bhI 1. mUlAcAra vRtti 10 / 18. 2. bhagavatI ArAdhanA vi0 TI0 421, praznavyAkaraNa saMvara dvAra 115, sUtrakRtAGga 1 / 9 / 14, uttarA0-20147. 3. bha0 a0 vi0 TIkA 421. 4. sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 9 / 16. 5. kalpasUtra, sUtra 4 kalpamaMjarI TIkA pR0 36. 6. nizItha bhASya gAthA 11151-54.

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, 340 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana mahARddhidhArI haiM unake yahA~ AhArAdi kA grahaNa rAjapiNDa hai / ' rAjapiNDa kA grahaNa na karanA rAjapiNDatyAga kalpa hai / mUlAcAravRtti meM kahA hai ki jisa AhAra se zarIra, bala aura vIrya utpanna ho usa AhAra kA tyAga karanA athavA svArtha ke lie dAnazAlA kA AhAra svokAra na karanA rAjapiNDa tyAga hai / 2 aparAjitasUri ne rAjapiNDa grahaNa meM do doSa batAye haiM - prathama Atmasamuttha ( svayaMkRta) aura dvitIya parasamuttha ( parakRta ) / dvitIya ke do bheda haiM manuSyakRta aura tiryaJcakRta / rAjA ke ghara meM tiryaJca jIvoM kA kAphI saMgraha rahatA hai / isase unake ghara AhArArthaM jAne para Atmavipatti A sakatI hai tathA sevaka, dAsa-dAsI, yoddhA, kotavAla Adi ke bAhulya se vahA~ praveza kaThina hotA hai / tathA matta,, pramatta aura harSa se utphulla dAsa Adi yati ko dekhakara ha~sate haiM, cillAte haiN| rokate haiM, avajJA karate haiM / vahA~ ke vastrAbhUSaNa Adi ko dUsare curAkarake yaha doSa lagA sakate haiM ki yahA~ sAdhu Aye the / rAjA kA zramaNoM para vizvAsa hai| aisA jAnakara kucha IrSyAlu loga zramaNa kA rUpa dhAraNakara duSTa kAma kara sakate haiM aura zramaNoM para doSAropaNa kara sakate haiM / rAjakula meM AhAra kA zodhana nahIM hotA / binA dekhA aura chInA huA AhAra grahaNa karane se Atmasamuttha doSa lagatA hai / sadoSa AhAra lene se iMgAla doSa hotA hai / anyAnya doSa bhI Ate haiM ataH rAjA ke AhArAdi grahaNa kA niSedha hai / kintu yaha bhI kahA hai ki koI aisA kAraNa upasthita ho ki sAdhu kA maraNa binA bhojana ke hotA ho aura sAdhu ke maraNa se zruta kA viccheda hotA ho to rAjapiNDa le sakate haiM tAki zruta kA viccheda na ho / rasalolupatA se bacane ke lie bhI isa caturthakalpa kA vidhAna hai / eSaNAzuddhi isa kalpa kI AtmA hai / 5. kivikammaM (kRtikarma) : cAritra meM sthita sAdhu ke dvArA guruoM kI vinaya karanA athavA svayaM vandanAdi kArya meM udyoga karanA kRtikarmakalpa hai / dIkSA, saMyama aura sadguNoM meM jyeSTha zramaNoM ke Agamana para abhyutthAnapUrvaka Avara karanA, unheM bahumAna denA, unake hitopadezoM ko zraddhA evaM namrabhAva 1. bha0 A0 vi0 TIkA 421. 2. mUlAcAravRtti 10118. 3. bha0 A0 vi0 TIkA 421. 4. bhagavatI ArAdhanA vi0 TIkA 421. 5. kRtikarmastena vaMdanAdikaraNe udyogaH - mUlAcAravRtti 10118.

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vyavahAra : 341 svIkAra karanA kRtikarma kalpa hai' cAritra sampanna muni ko apane guru aura apane se bar3e muniyoM ko vinaya evaM zuzrUSA karanA cAhie / 2 ___kalpasUtra ke anusAra zramaNoM aura zramaNiyoM ko kalyANa maMgala, dharmadeva aura jJAnasvarUpa paryAya jyeSTha ko vandanA karanA, namaskAra karanA, satkAra, sammAna karanA tathA unakI upAsanA karanA kalpatA hai / ' sAdhuoM aura sAdhviyoM ko dIkSA paryAya kI jyeSThatA ke anusAra kRti karma (vandanA) karanA kalpya hai / kintu sAdhuoM ko sAdhviyoM kA kRtikarma karanA nahIM kalpatA / sAdhviyoM ko sAdhuoM kA kRtikarma karanA kalpatA hai| AcAryoM aura upAdhyAyoM ko gaNa meM paryAya jyeSThatA ke anusAra kRtikarma karanA aura karAnA kalpatA hai / bahusaMkhyaka sAdhuoM, gaNAvacchedakoM, AcAryoM, upAdhyAyoM ko jo eka sAtha vicarate hoM unheM paryAya jyeSThatA ke anusAra kRtikarma karanA kalpatA hai / isI prakAra sthaviroM, pravartakoM, gaNiyoM aura gaNadharoM ke viSaya meM bhI samajhanA caahie| sAdhuoM ko sAdhuoM ke prati aura sAdhviyoM ko sAdhviyoM ke prati dIkSA-paryAya kI jyeSThatA ke anusAra kRtikarma karanA caahie| kyoMki isase caraNa-karaNa-kriyA meM upayoga rakhane vAle muni aneka bhavoM se saMcita ananta karmoM kA kSaya karate haiN| 6. vada (vrata) kalpa : vrata se tAtparya virati arthAt asat pravRtti kI virati / jAnakara aura svIkAra karake pApoM se virata honA vrata hai|' akaraNa, nivRtti, uparama, virati vRttikaraNa, chAdana aura saMvara-ye saba ekArthaka zabda hai| ahiMsA Adi pA~ca mahAvratoM se AtmA ko susaMskRta karanA arthAt vratoM meM nizcala rahanA, unake sAtha AtmA ko jor3anA arthAt vidhipUrvaka mahAvatoM kA pAlana karanA vratakalpa hai| aparAjitasUri ne kahA hai jo Acelakya Adi pUrvokta 1. kalpasamarthanam gAthA 12 pa0 2, 2. bha0 a0 vi0 TIkA 421. . 3. kalpasUtra sUtra 8 pR0 60. 4. kalpasUtra kalpamaMjarI TokA sahita sUtra 6 pR0 41-45. 5. vahI pR0 48. 6, "virativratam-tattvArthasUtra 7.1. 7. NAUNa abbhuveccaya pAvANaM viramaNaM vadaM hoI-bha0 a0 vi0 TIkA 420 meM uddhRta gAthA / 8. tattvArthabhASya 7 / 1. 9. bha0 A0 vi0 TIkA 421. 10. mUlAcAravRtti 10 / 18.

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342 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sabhI kalpoM ko pAlatA hai tathA jise sabhI jIvoM kA svarUpa mAlUma huA hai aise muni ko niyama se vrata isa prakAra denA cAhie-gurujanoM ke svayaM rahate hue AcArya svayaM sthita hokara sAmane sthita virata striyoM ko zrAvaka-zrAvikA varga ko vrata pradAna kareM tathA apane vAyIM ora sthita viratoM ko vrata pradAna kre| prathama aura antima tIrthaMkaroM ke tIrtha meM rAtribhojanatyAga nAmaka chaThe vrata ke sAtha pA~ca mahAvrata hote haiN| vaise bhI yaha kalpa sabhI tIrthakaroM ke tIrtha meM hotA hai / 7. jeTTha (jyeSTha) kalpa : darzana, jJAna aura cAritra meM jo bar3e hoM unheM jyeSTha kahate haiM tathA inake lie nirmita vidhi-vidhAna kA nAma jyeSTha kalpa hai| mithyAdRSTi, sAsAdana, samyagmithyAdRSTi, avirata aura saMyatAsaMyata-ina guNasthAnoM ke kAraNa zramaNa jyeSTha aura zreSTha arthAt sabhI ko pUjya hote haiM / bahakAla se dIkSita AyikA se bho Aja kA dIkSita zramaNa zreSTha aura jyeSTha mAnA jAtA hai| puruSa saMgraha, upakAra aura rakSaNa karatA hai| puruSa ne jagat meM dharma kI sthApanA kI hai| ataH sabhI AyikAyeM zramaNa kI vinaya karatI hai / kalpasUtra kI kalpalatA TIkA meM uddhata gAthA ke anusAra bhI zatavarSa kI dIkSitA AyikAoM ko Aja kA navadIkSita zramaNa bhI vandanIya aura pUjya hai| isI meM kahA hai 'no kappai niggaMthANaM'-sAdhu ko sAdhviyoM ko vandanA karanA nahIM kalpatA / apitu "kappai niggathINaM" sAdhuoM kI vandanA karanA sAdhviyoM ko kalpatA hai|" sAdhvI cAhe alpakAla kI dIkSita ho athavA cirakAla kI, sabhI sAdhviyoM ko sAdhu kI vandanA karanI cAhie, cAhe sAdha cirakAla kA hI dIkSita ho athavA alpakAla kA / kyoMki sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke tIrtha meM dharma puruSa-pradhAna hotA hai / vastutaH isa jyeSTha kalpa ke vidhAna kA uddezya yaha hai ki zramaNoM aura zramaNiyoM ko paraspara meM yathAyogya vandanA karanA cAhie / AcArya aura upAdhyAya gaNa meM sthita sAdhuoM ko paryAya-jyeSThatA ke anusAra svayaM vandanA kareM aura dUsaroM 1. bha0 A0 vi0 TIkA 421. 2. mUlAcAravRtti 10118. 3. bha0 A0 vi0 TI0 421. 4. varisasayadikkhiAe ajjAe ajjadikkhio sAhU / abhigamaNa vaMdaNanamaM saNeNa viNaeNa so puruSo / / 5. kalpasUtra kalpamaMjarI TIkA sUtra 6 pR0 41-45. 6. savvAhi saMjaIhiM kiikammaM saMjayANa kAyanvaM / purisuttario dhammo, samvajiNANaM pi titthammi // -kalpasUtra kalpamaMjarI TIkA sahita pRSTha 44. sthAnAMga TIkA 6530.

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vyavahAra : 343 se karAveM / yadi sampadA ke abhimAna ke kAraNa aisA nahIM karate-karAte to gaNa meM kalaha utpanna hotA hai aura AcArya - upAdhyAya kA apamAna bhI hotA hai / ' 8. paDikkamaNaM (pratikramaNa) kalpa :- acekatvAdi kalpa meM rahate hue zramaNa ko jo aticAra lagate haiM unake nivAraNArthaM pratikramaNa kalpa kA vidhAna hai / daivasika, rAtrika Adi pratikramaNoM ke dvArA AtmA kA cintana karanA, saMskAra karanA pratikramaNa kalpa hai / sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko ubhayakAla pratikramaNa karanA kalpatA hai / * caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM se madhya ke bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke sAdhuoM ke lie pratikramaNa Avazyaka nahIM / ve pratikramaNa karate bhI haiM aura nahIM bhI karate / kintu prathama aura antima tIrthaMkara ke ziSya saba pratikramaNa daNDakoM ko par3hate haiM arthAt aticAra nahIM lagane para bhI unheM pratikramaNa karanA Avazyaka hotA hai / 5 9. mAsaM ( mAsasthiti) kalpa : - varSAkAla aura RtubaddhakAla -- vihAra kI dRSTi se varSA kAla ko ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai | ataH vasanta Adi chaha RtuoM meM se pratyeka Rtu meM eka mAsa paryanta eka sthAna para nivAsa karanA aura eka mAsa vihAra karanA mAsa athavA mAsaikatAvAsitva kalpa hai | vastutaH eka sthAna para cirakAla Thaharane para nitya hI udgama doSa lagatA hai / use TAlA nahIM jA sktaa| eka sthAna para hI bahuta samaya taka rahane se kSetra pratibaddhatA, sukhazIlatA, AlasIpanA, sukumAratA kI bhAvanA tathA jJAna, bhikSA grahaNa Adi doSa lagate haiM / mUlAcAravRtti meM kahA hai jahA~ varSAyoga karanA ho vahA~ kI loka sthiti jAnane tathA ahiMsAdi mahAvratoM ke paripAlanArtha varSAyoga dhAraNa karane ke pUrva usa sthAna meM eka mAsa rahanA tathA varSAyoga samApti ke pazcAt bhI zrAvakoM ke anugraha, vijJapti ko dekhate hue unake saMkleza pariNAmoM ke pariharaNArtha vahA~ eka mAsa mAtra aura ThaharanA athavA pratyeka Rtu meM eka mAha ThaharanA tathA eka mAha vihAra karanA athavA varSAkAla meM yoga-grahaNa tathA cAra-cAra mahInoM meM naMdIzvara, ASTAhnika 1. kalpasUtra kalpamaMjarI TIkA sahita sUtra 610 41-45. 2. bha0 A0 vi0 TIkA 421. 3. mUlAcAra vRtti. 10118. 4. kalpasUtra sUtra 9. pR0 62. 5. bha0 A0 vi0 TIkA 421. 6. vahI.

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344 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana karanA mAsazramaNa kalpa hai|' vaise sAdhAraNatayA muniyoM ko nirantara vihAra karane kA vidhAna hai aura sAmAnyataH vaha grAma meM eka rAtri tathA nagaroM meM pAMca rAtri se adhika nahIM Thahara sakatA kintu RtubaddhakAla kI dRSTi se isa mAsakalpa kA vidhAna hai| 10. paryuSaNA kalpa :-mUlAcAra meM pajjo (paryA) kalpa se bhI isakA ullekha hai| varSAkAla ke cAra mAsa ke lie bhramaNa (vihAra) kA tyAgakara eka hI sthAna para rahanA paryuSaNA kalpa hai / mUlAcAra vRttikAra ke anusAra paryupAsanA karanA arthAt tIrthaMkaroM ke paMcakalyANaka sthAnoM tathA niSadyakAoM kA sevana karanA paryAkalpa hai|4 sthAnAMga vRtti meM pajjopavaNA ke saMskRta rUpa kiye gaye hai1. paryAsavanA-jisase dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva sambandhI Rtubaddha paryAyoM kA parityAga kiyA jAtA hai / 2-paryupazamanA-jisameM kaSAyoM kA upazamana kiyA jAtA hai| 3. paryuSaNA-jisameM sarvathA eka kSetra meM jaghanyataH sattaraha dina aura utkRSTataH chaha mAha ThaharA jAtA hai / " isa kalpa kA uddezya cAturmAsa (varSAvAsa) meM eka hI sthAna para nivAsa karanA hai kyoMki varSA Rtu ke samaya pRthvI sthAvara aura jaMgama jIvoM se vyApta rahatI hai| ataH aise samaya vihAra karane se mahAn asaMyama hotA hai| Atma-virAdhanA kI bhI pade-pade sambhAvanA rahatI hai| ataH paryuSaNA kalpa kA vidhAna hai| varSAvAsa : varSAvAsa municaryA kA anivArya aura mahattvapUrNa yoga hai| isIlie ise varSAyoga athavA cAturmAsa bhI kahA jAtA hai / zramaNa ke pUrvokta dasa sthitikalpoM meM antima paryuSaNA kalpa hai| jisake anusAra varSA kAla ke cAra mahIne bhramaNa kA tyAga karake eka sthAna para rahane kA vidhAna hai| varSa ke bAraha mahInoM ko mausama kI dRSTi se pramukha tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai 1. grISma 1. mUlAcAra vRtti 10118. 2. mUlAcAra 9 / 19. 3. bha0 A0 vi0 TIkA 421. 4. mUlAcAra vRtti 10 / 18. 5. sthAnAMga vRtti 10 / 115. pR0 485. 6. bha0 A0 vi0 TIkA 421. 7. varSAkAlasya caturSu mAseSu ekatraivAvasthAnaM bhramaNatyAgaH / -bha0 A0 vi0 TI0 421, pR0 618. mUlAcAravRtti 10 / 18.

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vyavahAra : 345 caitra, vaizAkha, jyeSTha aura ASAr3ha / 2. varSA-zrAvaNa, bhAdrapada, azvina tathA kArtika / 3. zIta-mArgazIrSa, pauSa, mAgha tathA phAlguna / yadyapi ye tInoM hI vibhAjana cAra-cAra mAha ke haiM kintu varSAkAla ke cAra mahInoM kA ekatra nAma cAturmAsa, varSAvAsa Adi rUpa meM prasiddha hai / zvetAmbara paramparA meM "payuSaNA kalpa" nAma se varSAvAsa kA varNana prApta hotA hai / bRhatkalpabhASya meM ise 'saMvatsara' kahA gayA hai / ' vastutaH varSAkAla meM AkAza maNDala meM ghaTAeM chAyI rahatI haiM tathA prAyaH varSA bhI nirantara hotI rahatI hai| isase yatra-tatra bhramaNa yA vihAra ke mArga ruka jAte haiM, nadI, nAle umar3a par3ate haiN| vanaspatikAya Adi haritkAya mArgoM aura maidAnoM meM phaila jAtI hai| sUkSma-sthUla jIva-jantu utpanna ho jAte haiM / ataH kisI bhI parajIva kI virAdhanA aura Atma virAdhanA (ghAta) se bacane ke lie zramaNa dharma meM varSA kAla meM ekatra-vAsa kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| yahI samaya eka sthAna para sthira rahane kA sabase utkRSTa samaya hotA hai / zramaNa aura zrAvaka-donoM ke lie isa cAturmAsa kA dhArmika tathA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se mahattva hai| isIlie zramaNa yA unake saMgha ke cAturmAsa (varSA yoga) ko zrAvaka usI prakAra priya aura hitakArI anubhava karate haiM jisa prakAra cakavA. candrodaya ko, kamala sUrya ko aura mayara meghodaya ko / varSAvAsa kA aucitya-aparAjitasUri ne kahA hai ki varSAkAla meM sthAvara aura jaMgama sabhI prakAra ke jIvoM se yaha pRthvI vyApta rahatI hai| usa samaya bhramaNa karane para mahAn asaMyama hotA hai / varSA aura zIta vAyu (jhaMjhAvAta) se AtmA kI virAdhanA hotI hai| vApI Adi jalAzayoM meM girane kA bhaya rahatA hai| jalAdi meM chipe hue hU~Tha, kaNTaka Adi se athavA jala, kIcar3a Adi se kaSTa pahu~catA hai| AcArAMga meM kahA hai varSAkAla A jAne para tathA varSA ho jAne se tathA bahuta se prANI utpanna ho jAte haiM, bahuta se bIja aMkurita ho jAte haiM / mArgoM meM bahuta se prANI evaM bIja utpanna ho jAte haiN| bahuta hariyAlI . utpanna ho jAtI hai| osa aura pAnI bahuta sthAnoM meM bhara jAtA hai / kAI Adi sthAna-sthAna para vyApta ho jAtI hai| bahuta se sthAnoM para kIcar3a yA pAnI se miTTI gIlI ho jAtI hai| mArga ruka jAte haiM, mArga para calA nahIM jA sktaa| mArga sUjhatA nahIM hai ataH ina paristhitiyoM ko dekhakara muni ko varSA kAla meM eka grAma se dUsare grAma vihAra nahIM karanA caahie| apitu varSAkAla meM 1. vRhatkalpabhASya 1 / 36. 2. bha0 A0 vi0 TIkA 421 pR0 618. 23

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346 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana yathAvasara prApta vasati meM hI saMyata rahakara varSAvAsa vyatIta kreN|' bRhatkalpabhASya ke anusAra varSAvAsa meM gamana karane se SaTkAyika jIvoM kA ghAta to hotA hI hai sAtha hI vRkSa kI zAkhA Adi sira para girane, kIcar3a meM rapaTa jAne, nadI meM baha jAne, kA~TA Adi lagane ke bhaya rahate haiM / ... zramaNa ko pratyeka kalpanIya kArya karate samaya ahiMsA aura viveka kI dRSTi rakhanA anivArya hai| varSAkAla meM vihAra karate rahane meM aneka bAdhAoM ke sAtha hI jova-hiMsA kI bahulatA sadA rahatI hai isIlie varSAkAla ke cAra mAha taka eka sthAna para sthira rahakara varSAyoga dhAraNa kA vidhAna hai| isa prakAra jaina paramparA ke sAtha hI prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya paramparAoM ke dharmoM meM sAdhuoM ko varSAkAla ke cAra mAha meM eka sthAna para sthita rahakara dharma-sAdhana karane kA vidhAna hai| varSAyoga grahaNa evaM usakI samApti kI vidhi :-yadyapi mUlAcAra Adi prAcIna granthoM meM varSAyoga grahaNa Adi kI vidhi kA spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai kintu uttaravartI grantha anagAra dharmAmRta meM kahA hai ki ASAr3ha zuklA caturdazI kI rAtri ke prathama pahara meM pUrva Adi cAroM dizAoM meM pradakSiNA krama se laghu caityabhakti cAra bAra par3hakara siddhabhakti, yogibhakti, paMcagurubhakti aura zAntibhakti karate hue AcArya Adi sAdhuoM ko varSAyoga grahaNa karanA cAhie / tathA kArtika kRSNA caturdazI kI rAtri ke pichale pahara meM isI vidhi se varSAyoga ko chor3anA caahie| Age batAyA hai ki varSAyoga ke sivAya anya hemanta Adi RtuoM meM arthAt Rtabaddha kAla meM zramaNoM kA eka sthAna meM eka mAsa taka rukane kA vidhAna hai / jahA~ cAturmAsa karanA abhISTa ho vahA~ ASAr3ha mAsa meM varSAyoga ke sthAna para pahu~ca jAnA caahie| tathA mArgazIrSa mahInA bItane para varSAyoga ke sthAna ko chor3a denA caahie| kitanA hI prayojana hone para bhI varSA yoga ke sthAna meM zrAvaNa kRSNA caturthoM taka avazya pahu~ca jAnA caahie| isa tithi kA ullaMghana nahIM karanA cAhie / tathA kitanA hI prayojana hone para bhI / kArtika zuklA paMcamI taka varSA yoga ke sthAna se anya sthAna ko nahIM jAnA caahie| yadi kisI dunivAra upasarga Adi ke kAraNa varSAyoga ke ukta prayoga meM atikrama karanA par3e to sAdhu ko prAyazcitta lenA caahie| 1. AcArAMga sUtra 2 / 3 / 11111. 2. bRhatkalpabhASya bhAga 3 gAthA 2736-2730, 3. anagAra dharmAmRta 9 / 66-67. 4. anagAra dharmAmata 9 / 68-69.

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vyavahAraH 347 varSAyoga dhAraNa ke viSaya meM zvetAmbara paramparA ke kalpasUtra meM kahA hai ki mAsakalpa se vicarate hue nirgrantha aura nirgranthiyoM ko ASAr3ha mAsa kI pUrNimA ko cAturmAsa ke lie vasanA kalpatA hai| kyoMki nizcaya hI varSAkAla me mAsakalpa vihAra se vicarane vAle sAdhuoM aura sAdhviyoM ke dvArA ekendriya se lekara paMcendriya taka ke jIvoM ko virAdhanA hotI hai|' kalpasUtraniyukti meM bhI kahA hai ki ASAr3ha mAsa kI pUrNimA taka niyata sthAna para pahu~cakara zrAvaNa kRSNa paMcamI se varSAvAsa prArambha kara denA cAhie / upayukta kSetra na milane para zrAvaNa kRSNa dasamI se pA~ca-pA~ca dina bar3hAte-bar3hAte bhAdra zukla paMcamI taka to nizcita ho varSAvAsa prArambha kara denA cAhie, phira cAhe vRkSa ke nIce hI kyoM na rahanA pdd'e| kintu isa tithi kA ullaMghana nahIM honA cAhie / varSAvAsa kA samaya : sAmAnyataH ASAr3ha se kArtika pUrvapakSa taka kA samaya varSA aura varSA se utpanna jIva-jIvANuoM tathA ananta prakAra ke tRNa, ghAsa aura jantuoM ke pUrNa paripAka kA samaya rahatA hai / isIlie cAturmAsa (varSAvAsa) ko avadhi ASAr3ha zuklA caturdazI kI pUrvarAtri se Arambha hokara kArtika kRSNa caturdazI kI pazcima rAtri taka mAnI jAtI hai / varSAvAsa ke samaya meM eka sau bIsa dina taka eka sthAna para rahanA utsarga mArga hai| vizeSa kAraNa hone para adhika aura kama dina bhI Thahara sakate haiM / arthAt ASAr3ha zuklA dasamI se cAturmAsa karane vAle kArtika kI pUrNamAsI ke bAda tIsa dina taka Age bhI sakAraNa eka sthAna para Thahara sakate haiN| adhika Thaharane ke prayojanoM meM varSA kI adhikatA, zAstrAbhyAsa, zakti kA abhAva athavA kisI kI vaiyAvRtya karanA Adi haiM / AcArAMga meM bhI kahA hai ki varSAkAla ke cAra mAha bIta jAne para avazya vihAra kara denA cAhie, yaha to zramaNa kA utsarga mArga hai / phira bhI yadi kArtika mAsa meM punaH varSA ho jAe aura mArga AvAgamana ke yogya na rahe to cAturmAsa ke pazcAt vahA~ pandraha dina aura raha sakate haiM / samaya kI dRSTi se varSAvAsa ke jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa ye tIna bheda 1. kappai niggaMthANaM vA niggaMthINaM vA evaM viheNaM vihArareNaM viharamANANaM AsADhapuNNimAe vAsAvAsaM vasittae-kalpasUtra : sUtra 17 pR0 74 (kalpa maMjarI TIkA sahita / 2. kalpasUtra niyukti gAthA 16, kalpasUtra cUNi pR0 89. 3. bha. A0 vi0 TIkA 421. 4. vahI. 5. AcArAMga 2 / 3 / 1 / 113 10 1064.

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1 348 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana batAye haiM / inameM sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa (bhAdrapada zuklA paMcamI) se kArtika pUrNamAsI taka sattara dinoM kA jaghanya varSAvAsa kahA jAtA hai / zrAvaNa se kArtika taka-- cAra mAha kA madhyama cAturmAsa hai tathA ASAr3ha se mRgasara taka chaha mAha kA utkRSTa varSAvAsa kahalAtA hai / isake antargata ASAr3ha bitAkara vahIM cAturmAsa kareM aura mArgazIrSa meM bhI varSA cAlU rahane para use vahIM bitAyeM / ' sthAnAMga vRtti meM kahA hai ki prathama prAvRT ( ASAr3ha ) meM aura paryuSaNA kalpa ke dvArA nivAsa karane para vihAra na kiyA jaae| kyoMki paryuSaNAkalpa pUrvaka nivAsa karane ke bAda bhAdra zuklA paMcamI se kArtika taka sAdhAraNataH vihAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA kintu pUrvavartI pacAsa dinoM meM upayukta sAmagrI ke kara bhI sakate haiM / abhAva meM vihAra bRhatkalpabhASya meM varSAvAsa samApta kara vihAra karane ke samaya ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki jaba Ikha bAr3oM ke bAhara nikalane lageM, tumbiyoM meM choTe-choTe tuMbaka laga jAyeM, baila zaktizAlI dikhane lage, gA~voM kI kIcar3a sUkhane lage, rAstoM kA pAnI kama ho jAe, jamIna kI miTTI kar3I ho jAya tathA jaba varSAvAsa kI samApti aura gamana karane lageM to zramaNa ko bhI kA samaya samajha lenA cAhie / varSAyoga ke dhAraNa kA upayukta anukUla yogya prAsuka sthAna para meM cAturmAsa yogya sthAna ke sAdhvI ko usa grAma-nagara varSAvAsa ke yogya sthAna : zramaNa ko samaya jAnakara dharma - dhyAna aura caryA Adi ke cAturmAsa vyatIta karanA cAhie / AcArAMga sUtra viSaya meM kahA hai ki varSAvAsa karane vAle sAdhu yA kheDa, karvaTa, maDaMba, paTTaNa, droNamukha, Akara ( khadAna), nigama, Azraya, sanniveza yA rAjadhAnI kI sthiti bhalIbhA~ti jAna lenI caahie| jisa grAma-nagara yAvat rAjadhAnI meM ekAnta meM svAdhyAya karane ke lie vizAla bhUmi na ho, mala-mUtra tyAga ke lie yogya vizAla bhUmi na ho, pITha (caukI) phalaka, zayyA evaM saMstAraka kI prApti sulabha na ho aura na prAsuka (nirdoSa ) evaM eSaNIya AhAra- pAnI hI sulabha ho, jahA~ bahuta se zramaNa, brAhmaNa, atithi, daridra aura bhikhArI pahale se Ae hue hoM aura bhI dUsare AnevAle hoM, jisase sabhI mArgoM para janatA kI atyanta bhor3a ho aura sAdhu-sAdhvI ko bhikSATana, svAdhyAya, zauca Adi Avazyaka kAyoM ke lie apane sthAna se sukhapUrvaka nikalanA aura praveza karanA bhI kaThina ho, 1. ThANaM TippaNa 5 / 61-62. pR0 625. 2. sthAnAMgavRtti pR0 294, 295. 3. bRhatkalpabhASya bhAga 2, 1 / 1539-40. pathika paradeza ko apane vihAra karane

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vyavahAra : 349 svAdhyAya Adi kriyA bhI nirupadrava na ho sakatI ho, aise grAma-nagara Adi meM varSAkAla prArambha ho jAne para bhI varSAvAsa vyatIta na kre| __ kalpasUtra-kalpalatA ke anusAra varSAvAsa ke yogya sthAna meM nimnalikhita guNa honA cAhie-jahA~ vizeSa kIcar3a na ho, jIvoM ko adhika utpatti na ho, zauca-sthala nirdoSa ho, rahane kA sthAna zAntiprada evaM svAdhyAya yogya ho, gorasa kI adhikatA ho, janasamUha bhadra ho, rAjA dhArmika vRtti kA ho, bhikSA sulabha ho, zramaNa-brAhmaNa kA apamAna na hotA ho ityAdi / 2 varSAvAsa meM bhI vihAra karane ke kAraNa : aparAjitasUri ke anusAra varSA dhAraNa kara lene para bhI yadi durbhikSa par3a jAe, mahAmArI phaila jAye, gA~va athavA pradeza meM kisI kAraNa se uthala-puthala ho jAe, gaccha kA vinAza hone ke nimitta A jAye to dezAntara meM jA sakate haiN| kyoMki aisI sthiti meM vahA~ Thaharane se ratnatraya ko virAdhanA hogI / ASAr3ha kI pUrNamAsI bItane para pratipadA Adi ke dina dezAntara gamana kara sakate haiN| sthAnAMgasUtra meM isake pAMca kAraNa batAye hai-1. jJAna ke lie / 2. darzana ke lie, 3. cAritra ke lie, 4. AcArya yA upAdhyAya kI mRtyu ke avasara para tathA 5. varSAkSetra se bAhara rahe hue AcArya athavA upAdhyAya kA vaiyAvRttya karane ke lie| aura bhI kahA hai ki nimranya aura nipranthiyoM ko prathama prAvRT cAturmAsa ke pUrvakAla meM grAmAnugrAma vihAra nahIM karanA cAhie / kintu ina pA~ca kAraNoM se vihAra kiyA bhI jA sakatA hai-1. zarIra, upakaraNa Adi ke apaharaNa kA bhaya hone para, 2. durbhikSa hone para, 3. kisI ke dvArA vyathita kiye jAne para athavA grAma se nikAla diye jAne para, 4. bAr3ha A jAne para tathA 5. anAryoM dvArA upadruta kiye jAne pr|" isa prakAra varSAvAsa ke viSaya meM jaina AcAra zAstroM meM yaha vivecana prApta hotA hai| zramaNa ke varSAvAsa kA samaya usI prakAra kaSAyarUpI agni evaM mithyAtva rUpI tApa ko tyAga evaM vairAgya kI zItala dhArA se tathA svAdhyAya aura 1. AcArAMga sUtra 2 / 3 / 1 / 465. 2. kalpasUtra-kalpalatA paM0 3 / 1. tathA kalpasamarthanam gAthA 26. 3. bha. A0 vi0 TIkA 421, anagAra dharmAmRta jJAnadIpikA 9 / 80-81 10 4. ThANaM 5 / 100 pRSTha 575. 5. vahI 5 / 99 pRSTha 574.

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350 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana dhyAna kI jalavRSTi se zAnta karane kA hotA hai jisa prakAra jala kI zItaladhArA barasakara dharatI kI tapana zAnta karatI hai| isa taraha vyavahAra ke upayukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki zramaNoM ko apane samasta vyavahAroM ke prati sadA sajaga rahanA Avazyaka hai vihita vyavahAroM kA prayoga tathA niSiddha sabhI vyavahAroM kA tyAga zramaNa jIvana kI vizeSatA hai / sAmAnya janajIvana ke laukika vyavahAroM se ve sarvathA mukta rahate hai / kyoMki unakA lakSya vyavahAroM meM ulajhe rahanA nahIM apitu Atma-kalyANa karanA hai / vaise sAmAnya rUpa meM jainadharma vyavahArika jIvana kI sarvathA upekSA nahIM karatA kyoMki isameM zramaNa evaM zrAvaka donoM ke kartavyoM meM antara kiyA hai / zrAvaka ArambhI, udyogI aura virodhI hiMsA se baca nahIM sktaa| isI kAraNa zramaNa tathA zrAvaka donoM kA sampUrNa jIvana unakI AdhyAtmika sthiti ke anusAra pUrNataH yA AMzika rUpa se isI siddhAnta se niyaMtrita hotA hai|

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paMcama adhyAya zramaNa saMgha

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Page #404
paMcama adhyAya zramaNa saMgha 1 jaina dharma meM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva se lekara antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra taka caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI eka lambI paramparA hai / tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana aura unake saMgha ke viSaya meM jAnakArI hetu jaba upalabdha tadviSayaka sAhitya kA adhyayana karate haiM to pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke samaya eka suvyavasthita zramaNa saMgha kI jhalaka dikhalAI par3atI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke susaMgaThita zramaNa saMgha kI samyak paramparA prAcInakAla se avicchinna rUpa meM calI A rahI hai / Aja bhI isI patha para zramaNoM evaM AryikAoM kA saMyamapUrNa jIvana sAdhanA patha para gatizIla hai / svarUpa : guNa samUha ko saMgha kahate haiM, karmoM ke vimocaka ko saMgha kahA jAtA hai / darzana, jJAna aura caritra meM jo saMghAta ( ratnatraya kI samanviti athavA mela) ko prApta hai use saMgha kahate haiM / " samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak caritra rUpa ratnatraya se yukta zramaNoM ke samudAya ko saMgha kahate / 2 saMgha ko 'pravacana' zabda se bhI abhihita kiyA jAtA hai / jisameM ratnatraya kA pravacana -upadeza kiyA jAtA hai aise muni AryikA aura zrAvaka-zrAvikA ke samUha kA nAma saMgha hai / ye hI zramaNa saMgha ke cAra aMga haiM / ise hI catuvidha saMgha kahate haiM tathA RSi, muni, yati aura anagAra - inakA samudAya cAturvarNya saMgha hai / isa prakAra jo zrama arthAt tapasyA 1. saMgho guNa saMghAo saMgho ya vimocio ya kammANaM / daMsaNaNANacarite saMghAyaMto have saMgho // bha0 A0 714. 2. (ka) ratnatrayopetaH zramaNagaNaH saMgha - sarvArthasiddhi 6 / 13 pR0 331. (kha) samyagdarzanAdiratnatraya bhAvanAparANAM caturvidhAnAM zramaNAnAM gaNaH saGgha iti kathyate - tattvArthavArtika 6 / 13 / 3 pR0 523. 3. pravacanaM saMghaH / sarva eva procyate ratnatrayaM yasminniti zabdavyutpattI saMghavAcI bhavati pravacana zabdaH - bha0 A0 vijayodayA TIkA gAthA 493. pR0 716. 4. ( ka ) cAduvvaNNassa cAturvarNasya zramaNa saMghasya / atrazramaNazabdena zramaNazabdavAcyA RSimuniyatyanagArA grAhAH / athavA zramaNadharmAnukUla zrAvakAdicaturvarNasaMdha: / - pravacanasAra tAtparyavRtti 249. (kha) RSyAyikA zrAvaka zravikAnivahaH saMghaH -- bhAvapAhuDa TIkA 78. 24

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354 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana karate haiM ve zramaNa haiM tathA aise zramaNoM ke samudAya ko zramaNa saMgha kahate haiN|' vastutaH guNoM kA samUha rUpa saMgha samasta prANiyoM ko sukha denevAlA, nikaTa bhavya jIvoM kA AdhAra tathA mAtA-pitA kI taraha kSamA pradAna karane vAlA hotA hai / sAmAnyataH cAturvaNya saMgha caturvidha saMgha kA hI paryAyavAcI mAnA jAtA hai| Rddhi prApta zramaNa RSi kahe jAte haiN| inake cAra bheda haiM-rAjaSi, brahmaSi, devarSi aura paramarSi / vikriyA Rddhi aura akSINa RddhidhArI RSi rAjarSi kahe jAte haiN| buddhi, Rddhi aura auSadhi RddhidhArI brahmarSi hai / gagana gamana Rddhi se sampanna sAdhu devarSi tathA kevalajJAno bhagavAn paramaSi kahalAte haiM / saMgha kI mahattA-'saMgha' zabda svayaM apane Apa meM ekatA, suvyavasthA, susaMgaThana aura zakti kA dyotaka hai / ekAko jIvana kA apanA vizeSa mahattva nahIM hotA balki anAcAra ko ora pravRtti kI sadA AzaMkA banI rahatI hai / vizeSakara jinheM laukika AcAra-vicAra aura vyavahAra se alaga, Atma-kalyANa ke lie tyAga aura saMyamamaya jIvana isI saMsAra meM rahakara vyatIta karanA hai, unheM to saMgha meM rahakara hI apane dharma kA nirvighna pAlana anivArya ho jAtA hai| inhIM saba dRSTiyoM se zramaNoM ko ekAko vihAra kA niSedha karake sasaMgha rahane aura vihAra karane kA vidhAna hai / bRhatkalpabhASya meM saMgha sthita zramaNa ko jJAna kA adhikArI batAyA hai| vahI darzana va cAritra meM vizeSa rUpa se sthira hotA hai / vastutaH upazama ko hI zramaNa dharma kA sAra kahA hai| isa sAMsArikatA ke bIca ekala vihAra yukta jIvana meM vizuddhatApUrvaka apane dharma kA nirvAha kaThina hai| kyoMki zramaNa dharma kA AcaraNa karate hue kisI prakAra kI kaSAyoM kI utkaTatA hotI hai to Ikha ke puSpa kI taraha usake vrata-niyama saba nirarthaka ho jAte haiM / ataH saMgha meM rahakara jJAna, dhyAna Adi dvArA AtmakalyANa rUpa apane lakSya ko prApta karanA zreyaskara hai| zivArya ne ThIka hI kahA hai ki jaise AcArya ko dhAraNA se saMgha kI dhAraNA hotI hai vaise hI eka sAdhu kI dhAraNA se sAdhu samudAya kI dhAraNA hotI hai, 1. zramayanti tapasyanti iti zramaNAH teSAM samudAyaH zramaNasaMghaH-bha0 A0 vi0 TIkA 510 pR0 730. 2. bha0 A0 713. 3. pravacanasAra tAtparyavRtti gAthA 249. 4. nANassa hoi bhAgI, thirayarao daMsaNe caritte ya-vRhatkalpabhASya 5713, 5. bRhatkalpasUtra 1134, dazavai0 niyukti 301. .

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zramaNa saMgha :355 kyoMki sAdhu hI saMgha hai / sAdhuoM se bhinna koI saMgha nAma kI vastu nahIM hai|' yahA~ dhAraNA kA artha hai apane dharma-karma kI zakti ko bhraSTa karane vAle nimittoM ko dUra karake usako zakti pradAna karanA / isI ko vaiyAvRttya bhI kahate hai| ___ muni, AyikA, zrAvaka-zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha saMgha athavA RSi, muni, yati aura anagAra rUpa cAturvaNyaM saMgha cAroM gatiyoM (naraka, tiryaJca, manuSya aura deva) meM bhramaNa kA nAzaka haiM / ataH navaprasUtA gAya jaise apane bachar3e para vAtsalya karatI hai vaise hI prayatna pUrvaka saMgha para vAtsalya bhAva rakhanA caahie| kyoMki saMgha bhayabhIta janoM ke lie AzvAsana detA hai| vaha nizchala vyavahAra ke kAraNa vizvAsabhUta, samatA ke kAraNa zItagRhatulya, aviSamadarzI hone ke kAraNa mAtApitA tulya tathA saba prANiyoM ke lie zaraNabhUta hotA hai ataH saMgha se DaranA nahIM cAhie / nandisUtra ke anusAra saMgha kamalavat hai, karma raja rUpI jalarAzi se vaha kamala kI taraha Upara alipta hI rahatA hai| zrutaratna (jJAna yA Agama) usake dIrghanAla, paMcamahAvrata usakI sthira kaNikA tathA uttaraguNa usakI madhyavartI kezara (parAga) hai, jo zrAvaka rUpI bhramaroM se sadA ghirA rahatA hai, jinadeva rUpI sUrya ke teja. se prabuddha hotA hai tathA jisameM zramaNagaNa rUpI sahasra patra hote hai| mUlAcArakAra ne gRhastha dharma evaM zrAvaka kA bhI aneka prasaMgoM meM ullekha kiyA hai|" saMgha vyavasthA ke AdhAra tIrthakara mahAvIra ke zramaNa saMgha kI vyavasthA gaNatantrIya paddhati para AdhArita thI aura yahI paramparA Aja taka calI A rahI hai| saMgha-vyavasthA kA mUla lakSya ahiMsA, svataMtratA aura sApekSatA ke AdhAra para Atma-kalyANa karanA hai / vizAla saMgha ke sucAru saMcAlana hetu saMgha ke kAryoM ko vibhAjita karake vyavasthA karanA Avazyaka hotA hai tAki AtmakalyANa ke mArga meM kisI ko kisI prakAra kI bAdhA upasthita na ho| isake lie AcArya AvazyakatAnusAra upAdhyAya, sthavira, pravartaka, gaNI, gaNadhara aura gaNAvacchedaka Adi padoM kA sRjana aura tadunukUla yogya zramaNoM ko ina para pratiSThita karatA thaa| 1. sAdhussa dhAraNAe vi hoi taha ceva dhArio saMgho / sAdhU ceva hi saMgho Na hu saMgho sAhuvadiritto / / bha0 A0 326. 2. cAduvvaNNe saMghe cadugadisaMsAraNittharaNabhUde / vacchallaM kAdavvaM vacchegAvI jahA giddhI / mUlAcAra 5 / 66. 3. vyavahAra bhASya 326. 4. nandisUtra sthavirAvalI 7-8. 5. mulAcAra 7133, 34, 35.

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356 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana caturvidha saMgha meM AyikA kA dvitIya sthAna hai / zramaNoM aura AryikAoMsabhI kA netRtva karane vAlA 'AcArya' hotA hai| AcArya hI zramaNa saMgha kA pramukha hotA hai / Atma-kalyANa ke icchuka yogyajanoM ko vairAgya, saMyama Adi kI dRr3hatA ke AdhAra para dIkSita karanA tathA saMgha ke sampUrNa netRtva evaM mArgadarzana pradAna karanA AcArya kA hI kArya hai| AcArya hI yogyatAoM ke AdhAra para saMgha ke vibhinna kArya vibhAjita karate haiN| saMgha meM AcArya ke pazcAt upAdhyAya kA sthAna hai| vibhinna zAstroM ke adhyayana-adhyApana Adi rUpa jJAna ke vikAsa kA dAyitva 'upAdhyAya' para hotA hai / saMgha kI vibhinna ikAIyoM meM gaNa kI vyavasthA kA kArya 'pravartaka' karate the| dharma pracAra tathA saMgha-vikAsa kA kArya 'gaNAvacchedaka' karate the| gaNa meM dIkSita sAdhuoM kI bhAvanA ko gatizIla banAnA aura AdhRti utpanna ho jAne para punaH dhRti utpanna karane kA kArya sthavira' karatA thaa| AyikA saMgha kA dAyitva pravartanI, gaNinI athavA AyikA-pramukhA para hotA thaa| pravacanasAra meM kahA hai| ki vizAla zramaNa saMgha meM dIkSAguru aura niryApaka donoM pRthak-pRthaka bhI hote the| zramaNa veSa dhAraNa ke samaya jo pravrajyA (dIkSA) dete haiM ve 'dIkSA guru' hai tathA saMyama ke sarvathA yA ekadeza bhaGga (cheda) hone para prAyazcitta dekara Agama ke vairAgyavardhaka vacanoM dvArA una chedoM kA nivAraNa karake punaH nirdoSa saMyama mArga meM sthApita karate haiM ve 'niryApaka' kahalAte haiN| inheM hI upasthApaka, zikSAguru yA zrutaguru bhI kahate haiM / isa taraha vizAla saMgha meM dIkSA guru (AcArya) ke atirikta chedopasthApaka AcArya bhI hote the| kintu choTe zramaNasaMgha meM eka hI AcArya donoM kAma karate haiN| gaNa, gaccha, kula rUpa saMgha kI vibhinna ikAIyoM meM gaccha se tAtparya sAthasAtha rahane vAle zramaNoM ke samUha se hai| jitane zramaNa eka sAtha rahakara vihAra evaM cAturmAsa karate haiM unake samUha ko 'gaccha' kahate haiM / vibhinna gaccha milakara 'kula' kA rUpa dhAraNa karate haiM / eka hI AcArya ke ziSya-praziSyoM ke samUha ko 'kula' kahA jAtA hai / kuloM meM eka hI prakAra kI AcAra-vicAra praNAlI kA anusaraNa karane se ye saba milakara 'gaNa' kA rUpa dhAraNa kara lete haiM aura gaNa kA samUha saMgha kahalAtA hai| upayukta saMgha vyavasthA prAcIna kAla meM taba pracalita thI jaba saMgha bahuta 1. liMgaggahaNe tesiM gurutti pavvajjadAyago hodi / chedesUvaTThavagA sesA NijjAvaNA samaNA // -pravacanasAra 210. donoM TIkAoM sahita

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zramaNa saMgha : 357 vizAla hote the ataH bar3e saMghoM ke sucAru saMcAlana ke lie vibhinna ikAIyoM aura padoM kI AvazyakatA hotI thI kintu aba una vizAla saMghoM kA abhAva hone se gaNa, gaccha, kula evaM inake svarUpa kI paramparA bhI prAyaH kama hai / phira bhI saMghIya vyavasthA ke pramukha AdhAra Aja bhI vahI haiN| isake lie SaDAvazyakoM kA pAlana, AhAra, vihAra, vyavahAra aura tapa Adi ke vidhAna zramaNa saMgha ko dinacaryA meM sammilita hone se unakI sAmudAyikatA, svataMtratA aura AtmotkarSa kI bhAvanA kA dinoM-dina vikAsa hotA rahatA hai / vastutaH jaina zramaNa saMgha meM saMghIya netRtva evaM gaNataMtrIya svarUpa kA jaisA samyak vikAsa milatA hai vaisA anya paramparAoM meM durlabha hai| saMgha ke AdhAra : mUlAcAra meM kahA hai ki AcArya, upAdhyAya, pravartaka, sthavira aura gaNadharaye saMgha ke pA~ca AdhAra haiN| jahAM ye AdhAra nahIM hai vahA~ rahanA ucita nahIM hai|' kyoMki sampUrNa saMgha kA kuzala saMcAlana inhIM ke AdhAra se hotA hai / ziSyoM ko dIkSA aura anuzAsana rUpa anugraha karane meM kuzala AcArya hote haiM / dharma ke upadezaka upAdhyAya kahalAte haiM jinake pAsa Akara adhyayana-adhyApana kA kArya sampanna hotA hai| saMgha kA pravartana karane vAle pravartaka hote haiM / jinase AcaraNa sthira hote haiM aise maryAdA ke upadezaka ko sthavira tathA jo gaNa ko dhAraNa karate haiM arthAt gaNa ke rakSaka ko gaNadhara kahate haiM / ina pA~ca AdhAroM se hI saMgha kI paripUrNatA evaM pratiSThA rahatI hai : __ saMgha ke ina pA~ca AdhAroM kA kramazaH vivecana prastuta hai| 1. AcArya : zramaNa paramparA meM saMgha nAyaka ke rUpa meM AcArya (Ayariya) kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| namaskAra mahAmaMtra meM AcArya parameSThI ko 'Namo AyariyANaM' kahakara unakI mahanIyatA aura mahattA prakAzita kI gaI, jo ki apratima gaurava kA sUcaka hai| AcArya para hI RSi, muni, yati aura anagAra rUpa cAturvaNya saMgha athavA muni, AryikA evaM zrAvaka, zrAvikA rUpa catuviSa saMgha ke saMgaThana, saMvaddhana, abhirakSaNa, anuzAsana evaM usake sarvAGgINa vikAsa kA sAmUhika evaM pramukha dAyitva hotA hai| vastutaH AcArya dIpaka ke samAna hotA hai / jaise eka dIpaka svayaM dIpta rahakara usase saikar3oM dIpa prajjvalita ho jAte haiM vaise 1. tattha Na kappA vAso jattha ime patthi paMca AdhArA / AiriyauvajjhAyA pavattathairA gaNagharA ya // mUlAcAra 4 / 155.. 2. sissANuggahakusalo ghammuvadeso ya saMgha vttttvo| . majjAduvadesovi ya gaNaparirakkho muNeyanvo // vahI 4156.

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358 : mailAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana hI AcArya svayaM prakAzamAna rahakara dUsaroM ko prakAzita karate haiM / isIlie AcArya ko sampUrNa saMgha kA 'netra' bhI kahate haiM / 2 svarUpa : AcArya kA sIdhA sambandha AcAra se hai isIlie zivAya ne kahA hai ki jo darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa aura vIrya - ina pA~ca AcAroM kA svayaM niraticAra pAlana karatA hai aura inameM dUsaroM ko pravRtta karatA hai vaha AcArya hai 13 mUlAcAra meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki jo sarvakAla sambandhI AcAra ko jAnatA hai tathA AcaraNa yogya kA svayaM AcaraNa karatA hai aura anya sAdhuoM ko AcaraNa meM pravRtta karatA hai use AcArya kahate haiM / kyoMki jisa kAraNa AcArya pA~ca prakAra ke AcAroM kA svayaM AcaraNa karate hue suzobhita hote haiM usI prakAra apane dvArA Acarita AcAra dUsaroM ko dikhAte hue suzobhita hone ke kAraNa unakA 'AcArya' nAma sArthaka hai / 'AcArya' zabda kA vyutpattimUlaka artha karate hue AcArya vIrasena ne SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA ke AdimaMgala rUpa navakAra maMtra kI vyAkhyA meM kahA hai - paJcavidhamAcAraM caranti cArayantItyAcAryAH / ' arthAt jo pA~ca AcAroM kA svayaM pAlana karate haiM aura dUsare sAdhuoM se pAlana karAte haiM unheM 'AcArya' kahate haiM / " aparAjitasUri ke anusAra "paJcastracAreSu ye vartante parAzca vartayanti te AcAryAH / arthAt jo pA~ca AcAroM meM svayaM pravRtta hotA hai aura dUsaroM ko bhI pravRtta karAtA hai ve AcArya haiM / pUjyapAda ke anusAra 'Acaranti tasmAd vratAnItyAcAryaH -- arthAt jisake nimitta se vratoM kA AcaraNa karate haiM vaha AcArya kahalAtA hai / vasunandi ke anusAra " Acaryate'smAdAcAryaH' arthAt jinase AcaraNa grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai unheM AcArya kahate haiM / " 1. jaha dIvA dIvasayaM paIppae so u dippae dIvo / dIva samA AyariyA appaM ca paraM ca dIvaMti || - AcArAMga niyukti gAthA 8, caMdagavijjhaM paigNayaM gAthA 30. 2. sa eva bhavasattANaM cakkhubhUe viyAhie - gacchAcAra payannA adhi0 1. 3. bha0 A0 gAthA 418, dekheM - Avazyaka niryukti 994. 4. mUlAcAra 718, 9. 5. dhavalA 1 / 1, 1, 1, 4818. 6. bhagavatI ArAdhanA vijayodayA TokA 444. 7. sarvArthasiddhi 9 / 2414. 8. mUlAcAra vRtti 4 / 155.

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zramaNa saMgha : 359 . zvetAmbara paramparA ke aneka vyAkhyA granthoM meM bhI 'AcArya' zabda ke vyutpattimUlaka artha prastuta kiye gaye haiN| jinadAsagaNi mahattara ne Avazyaka cUrNi meM kahA hai-'AGa maryAdAbhividhyo carirgatyarthe, maryAdayA carantItyAcAryAH, AcAreNa vA carantItyAcAryAH' Avazyaka sUtra kI malayagiri vRtti ke anusAra 'AcArya' zabda kI vyutpatti isa prakAra hai-'cara gati-bhakSaNayoH AG pUrva AcayyaMte kAryAthibhiH sevyate ityAcAryaH RvarNa vyaMjanAdyANiti / ' bhagavatIsUtra ke vRttikAra abhayadevasUri ke anusAra-"A maryAdayA tadviSayavinayarUpayA caryanne sevyante - jinazAsanArthopadezakatayA tadAkAMkSibhirityAcAryAH athavA AcAro jJAnAcArAdiH paJcadhA / 'A' maryAdayA vA cAro vihAraH, AcArastatra sAdhavaH svayaM karaNAtprabhASaNAtpradarzanAccetyAcAryAH / arthAt jinendra dvArA prarUpita Agama jJAna ko hRdayaMgamakara use AtmasAt karane kI utkaNThA vAle ziSyoM dvArA jo vinayAdipUrNa maryAdApUrvaka sevita hoM unheM AcArya kahate haiN| yahI AcArya ke lakSaNoM meM kahA hai ki jo sUtra aura artha-ubhaya ke jJAtA hoM, utkRSTa koTi ke lakSaNoM se yukta hoM, saMgha ke lie meDhi arthAt AdhArastambha ke samAna hoM, jo apane gaNa, gaccha athavA saMgha ko samasta prakAra ke saMtApoM se pUrNataH vimukta rakhane meM sakSama hoM tathA jo apane ziSyoM ko AgamoM kI gUDhArtha sahita vAcanA dete hoM, unheM AcArya kahate haiM / AcArya vIrasena ne 'AcArya' ke lakSaNa batalAte hue kahA hai jo pravacana rUpI samudra-jala ke madhya snAna karane se arthAt paramAtmA ke paripUrNa abhyAsa aura anubhava se jinakI buddhi nirmala ho gayo hai, jo nirdoSa rIti se chaha AvazyakoM kA pAlana karate haiM, jo meru ke samAna niSkampa hai, jo zUravIra hai, siMha ke samAna nirbhIka hai, jo varya (zreSTha) haiM, deza, kula aura jAti se zuddha haiM saumyamUrti hai, antaraMga aura bahiraMga parigraha se rahita haiM, AkAza ke samAna nirlepa hai-aise AcArya parameSThI hote haiM / aise hI AcArya saMgha ke saMgraha meM kuzala, sUtrArtha meM vizArada hote haiM, jinakI kIrti sarvatra phaila rahI hai, jo sAraNa (AcaraNa), vAraNa (niSedha), aura zodhana (vratoM kI zuddhi) karane vAlI kriyAoM meM nirantara udyukta haiM, ve AcArya parameSThI kahalAte haiN| 1. AvazyakasUtra malayagiri vRtti dvitIya, 2. bhagavatI sUtra vRtti 1. 1. 1. maMgalAcaraNa / 3. suttatthaviulakkhaNa-jutto gacchassa meDhibhUo ya / gaNatattiviSpamukko, atthaM vAei Ayario / / -bhagavatIsUtra abhayadevasUri kRta vRtti 1. 1. 1. maMgalAcaraNa meM uddhRtaH 4. SaTkhaNDAgama dhavalA TIkA 1111, 1 / 29-30-31 tathA 49.

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360 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kalpasUtra TIkA ke anusAra - jinazAsana ke artha kA upadezaka hone ke kAraNa mokSa ke abhilASI ziSya vinayapUrvaka jisakI sevA karate haiM, vaha sUtrArthaM kA dAtA munivara 'AcArya' kahalAte haiN| sUtra aura artha athavA sUtroM ke artha kA jJAtA, prazasta lakSaNoM se yukta, gaccha ke AdhArabhUta aura gaNa kI cintA nahIM karane vAle AcArya sUtrArtha kA vyAkhyAna karate haiM / " dazavekAlika cUrNa meM kahA hai - sUtra aura artha se sampanna tathA apane guru dvArA jo guru pada para sthApita hotA hai vaha AcArya kahalAtA hai / " isa prakAra upayukta svarUpa ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki AcArya aneka viziSTa guNoM se yukta hote haiN| kyoMki sAdhuoM kI dIkSA - zikSA ke dene vAle, unake doSoM kA nivAraNa karake sadguNoM meM pravRtta karAne vAle, aneka gugaviziSTa, saMgha nAyaka sAdhu ko hI AcArya kahate haiM vItarAga hone ke kAraNa paMcaparameSThI meM unakA sthAna hai aura unameM kiJcit devatva bhI mAnA gayA hai / 3 yogya AcArya se hI saMgha kI pratiSThA hotI hai tathA yogya AcArya ke saMgha meM rahakara sAdhanA aura saMyama dvArA muni nirvighnapUrvaka sva-para kalyANa ke apane lakSya ko pUrNa karatA hai / yogya AcArya hI apane kauzala se unmArgagAmI ziSyoM ko zIghra hI sanmArga para lagA lete haiM | abhayadevasUri ne kahA hai ki "avidhipUrvaka pravRtti karane vAle ziSya ko mArga para lAne ke lie bhI upAlambha denA caahie| kyoMki AcArya saMgha ke nAyaka haiM jo nirantara sAvadhAna haiN| unake dvArA bAra-bAra sannArga meM lagAyA gayA vaha ArAdhaka sAdhu samudAyarUpI mahAvana ko pAra karatA hai / vaha saMghapati AcArya apane dvArA bhAvanA Adi meM niyukta sAdhu samudAya kI indriya rUpI coroM se aura kaSAyarUpI aneka hiMsaka jaMgalI jAnavaroM se rakSA karatA hai / 4 AcArya ke viziSTa guNa : zramaNa ( sAdhutva ) kI dRSTi se AcArya, upAdhyAya, aura sAdhu - sabhI samAna hote haiM aura sAmAnya rUpa se mUlaguNoM tathA uttaraguNoM kA pAlana sabhI ko samAna rUpa se karanA hotA hai kintu AcArya saMgha kA pradhAna hotA hai ataH usameM aneka viziSTa guNa Avazyaka mAne gaye haiM / bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kahA hai AcArya ko 1. kalpasUtra kalpamaMjarI TIkA pRSTha 49. 2. dazavaikAlika (agastya siMha ) cUrNi 9 / 3 / 1. 3. niyamasAra tAtparyavRtti 146. boghapAhuDa 1 / 1. 4. jJAtAdharmakathA vivaraNa 111 pRSTha 77, 5. bha0 A0 1282-1287.

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zramaNa saMgha : 361 bhAcAravAn, AdhAravAn, vyavahAravAn, prakurvIta (kartA), AyApAya-darzanodyata, (ratnatraya ke lAbha aura vinAza ko dikhAne vAlA), avapoDaka (utpIlaka), aparisrAvI, nirvApaka, niryApaka, prathitakIrti (prasiddha kIrtizAlI) tathA niryApana-ina sabhI guNoM se viziSTa honA caahie|' vaTakara ne AcArya ko nimnalikhita guNoM se yukta mAnA hai-saMgraha aura anugraha (zikSA dekara yogya banAne) meM kuzala, sUtrArtha vizArada, prathita kIti, kriyAoM ke AcaraNa meM tatpara, grahaNa karane yogya tathA upAdeya vacana bolane vAlA, gaMbhIra, durdharSa (pravAdiyoM dvArA paribhava-tiraskAra nahIM kiye jA sakane vAle), zUra, dharma kI prabhAvanA karane vAlA, kSamAguNa meM pRthvI, somyatA meM candramA tathA nirmalatA meM samudra ke samAna AcArya hote haiM / mUlAcAra meM AcArya ke uparyukta guNa batalAye haiM kintu anyAnya granthoM meM meM ullikhita ina guNoM ko nizcita chattIsa saMkhyA kA spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai jaba ki ina sabhI guNoM kA pratipAdana prasaMgAnusAra mUlAcArakAra ne kiyA avazya hai / vibhinna AcAryoM ne AcArya ke guNoM kI saMkhyA 'chattIsa' svIkAra avazya kI hai kintu ye chattIsa guNa kauna-kauna hai-inameM sabhI AcArya eka mata nahIM hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM AcArya ke chattosa guNoM kA ullekha hai-AcAravattva Adi ATha guNa, dasa sthitikalpa, bAraha tapa aura chaha Avazyaka / aparAjitasUri ke anusAra ATha jJAnAcAra, ATha darzanAcAra, bAraha tapa, pA~ca samiti tathA tona gupti-ye chattIsa guNa haiM / AzAdhara ne aTThAIsa mUlaguNa tathA AcAravattva Adi - 1. AyAravaM ca AdhAravaM ca vavahAravaM pakuvvIya / AyAvAyavidaMsI taheva uppIlago ceva // aparissAI NimvAvao ya NijjAvao phidkittii| NijjavaNaguNovedo erisao hodi Ayario // bha0 A0 419, 420. 2. saMgahaNuggahakusalo suttatthavisArao phiykittii| kiriAcaraNa sujutto gAhuya AdejjavayaNo ya // gaMbhIro dudariso sUro dhammappahAvaNAsIlo / khidisasisAyarasariso kameNa taM so du sapatto / mUlAcAra 43158, 159. 3. AyAravamAdIyA aThThaguNA dasavidho ya Thidikappo / bArasa tava chAvAsaya chattIsa guNA muNeyavvA // bha0 A0 528, ana0 dharmA0 976. 4. aSTau jJAnAcArAH darzanAcArAzcASTI, tapo dvAdazavidha, paMca samitayaH, tisro guptayazca triMzadguNAH / -bha0 A0 vijayodayA TIkA 528. 25

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362 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ATha guNa-ye chattIsa guNa athavA dasa AlocanA guNa, dasa prAyazcitta guNa, dasa sthiti guNa aura chaha jIta guNa-isa prakAra chattIsa guNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| AcAravattva Adi ATha guNa : 1. AcAravattva-darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa aura vIrya- ina pA~ca prakAra ke AcAroM kA svayaM pAlana karanA aura dUsaroM se pAlana karavAnA / 2. AdhAravatva-zruta (Agama) kA amAdhAraNa jJAna / 3. vyavahArapaTu-Agama, zruta, AjJA, dhAraNA aura jIta-ina pA~ca prakAra ke vyavahAra arthAt prAyazcitta ko tattvarUpa se vistAra ke sAtha jAnatA hai tathA jinane aneka AcAryoM ko prAyazcitta dete dekhA hai aura svayaM dUsaroM ko prAyazcitta diyA hai ve AcArya vyavahAravAna haiM / 2 / 4. prakuvitva (pakuvvao)-samAdhimaraNa karAne aura aise zramaNoM kI pUrNa sajagatA se vaiyAvRttya karane evaM karAne meM kuzala / 5. AyApAyadeSTA-saralabhAvoM se AlocanA karane vAle kSapaka ke guNoM tathA doSoM ko batalAne meM kuzala / 6. utpIlaka (avavrIDaka)-chipAye gaye (guhya) aticAroM ko bhI pragaTa karAne meM samartha / 7. aparitrAvI-zramaNoM dvArA Alocita gopyadoSa ko dUsaroM para prakAzita na karake pAnI ke ghuTa kI taraha pIne vAle / 8. sukhAvaha-zramaNoM ko samAdhimaraNa ke samaya kSudhAdi duHkhoM se ghabar3Akara vimakha na hone dene ke lie uttama kathAoM dvArA una duHkhoM kA upazamana karane vAle / zvetAmbara paramparA ke vyavahArabhASya meM prAyazcittoM ke varNana prasaMga meM AlocanAha kI vizeSatAyeM batalAte hue kahA hai ki AlocanAhaM nirapalApI hotA hai aura ina ATha vizeSaNoM se yukta hotA hai jo pUrvokta AcArya ke ATha guNoM ke samAna haiN| yathA--AcAravAn, AdhAravAn, vyavahAravAn, apavrIDaka, prakurvI, niryApaka, apAyadarzI aura aparisrAvI / / 1. bha0 A0 mUlArAdhanA TIkA 528. 2. bha. A0 451. 3. anagAradharmAmRta 9 / 76-77. 4. vyavahArabhASya gAthA 336-340.

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zramaNa saMgha : 363 uparyukta ATha guNoM ke atirikta Acelakya, audezika kA tyAga, zayyAgRha tyAga, rAjapiNDa kA tyAga, kRtikarma, vrata, jyeSThatA, pratikramaNa, mAsasthiti aura paryuSaNa -- ye dasa sthitikalpa | bAraha tapa aura chaha AvazyakoM kA vivecana pahale hI kiyA jA cukA hai / isa taraha AcArya ke chattIsa guNa pratipAdita haiM / AcArya kI gaNi sampadAyeM : sthAnAMga meM AcArya ko ATha gayA hai -- 1. AcAra sampadA, 2. zruta sampadA, sampadA, 5. vAcanA sampadA- 6. mati sampadA, 7 aura 8. saMgraha parijJA ( saMgha vyavasthA meM nipuNatA / bhedoM sahita pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / prakAra kI gaNi sampadAoM se yukta batalAyA 3. zarIra sampadA, 4 vacana prayoga sampadA (vAda kauzala) inameM se pratyeka ke cAra-cAra 1. AcAra saMpadA - - isake antargata 1. saMyama dhruvayogayuktatA - arthAt cAritra meM sadA samAdhiyukta honA / 2. asaMpragraha - jAti, zruta Adi madoM kA parihAra / 3. aniyatavRtti, 4. bRddhazolatA - zarIra aura mana kI nirvikAratA, acaMcalatA / 2. zruta saMpadA -- isake antargata - 1. bahuzrutatA, 2. paricitasUtratA, 3. vicitrasUtratA - -sva aura para donoM paramparAoM ke granthoM meM nipuNatA athavA utsarga aura apavAda ko jAnanevAlA, 4. ghoSavizuddhikartA apane ziSyoM ko sUtra uccAraNa kA spaSTa abhyAsa karAne meM samarthatA / 3. zarIra sampadA - 1. ArohapariNAhayuktatA -- Aroha = U~cAI, pariNAha = vizAlatA arthAt zarIra kA ucita U~cAI aura vizAlatA se sampanna honA / 2. anavatrapatA ---alajjanoya aMgavAlA honA / 3. paripUrNa indriyatA, 4. sthirasaMhananatA / - 4. vacana sampadA - 1. Adeya vacanatA -- jisake vacanoM ko sabhI svIkAra karate hoM / 2. madhuravacanatA - 3. anizritavacanatA --- madhyasthavacana, 4. asaMdigdha vacanatA / 1. aTThavihA gaNi saMpayA paNNattA taM jahA - AcArasaMpayA, suyasaMpayA, sarIrasaMpayA, vayaNasaMpayA, vAyaNAsaMpayA, matisaMpayA, paogasaMpayA, saMgahapariNNA NAma aTaThamA--sthAnAMga sUtra 8 / 15. 2. (ka) dazAzrutaskaMdha dazA 4. (kha) sthAnAMgavRtti patra 401 ( ThANaM 8 15 kI TippaNa pR0 827 -829 prakAzaka --- jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM vi0 saM0 2033 se uddhRta )

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364 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 5. vAcanA sampadA-1. viditvoddezana-ziSya kI yogyatA ko jAnakara uddezana karanA ! 2. viditvA samuddezana-ziSya kI yogyatA jAnakara samuddezana karanA / 3. parinirvApyavAcanA-pahale dI gaI vAcanA ko pUrNa hRdayaMgama karAke Age kI vAcanA denaa| 4. artha niryApaNA-artha ke pauryAparya kA bodha kraanaa| 6. mati sampadA-(buddhi-kauzala)-1. avagraha, 2. IhA, 3 avAya, 4. dhAraNA-ye cAra mati sampadAyeM haiM / 7. prayoga sampadA (vAda-kauzala)-1. AtmaparijJAna-vAda yA dharmakathA meM apane sAmarthya kA parijJAna, 2. puruSa parijJAna-vAdI ke mata kA jJAna, pariSad kA jJAna / 3. kSetra parijJAna--vAda karane ke kSetra kA jJAna / 4. vastu parijJAna-vAda-kAla meM nirNAyaka ke rUpa meM svIkRta sabhApati Adi kA jJAna / 8. saMgraha-parijJA-(saMgha vyavasthA meM nipuNatA)- 1. bAlAdiyogyakSetra-vyavahArabhASya meM isake sthAna para 'bahujanayogya kSetra' zabda diyA hai|' tathA isake do artha kiye haiM / 1-varSA Rtu ke lie sampUrNa saMgha ke yogya vistIrNa kSetra kA nirvAcana karane vAlA / 2-jo kSetra, bAlaka, durbala, glAnatathA prAghUrNakoM ke lie upayukta ho / 2. pITha-phalaga saMprApti-pITha-phalaga-caukI Adi kI upalabdhi karanA / 3. kAlasamAnayana-yathAsamaya svAdhyAya, bhikSA Adi kI vyavasthA / 4. gurupUjA-yathocita vinaya kI vyavasthA banAe rakhanA / isa prakAra uparyukta ATha gaNi sampadAoM ke battIsa bhedoM kA vivecana AgamoM meM milatA hai / inake atirikta Agama vyavahArI kI cAra "vinaya pratipattiyoM" kA bhI ullekha milatA hai jo isa prakAra haiN| 1. AcAravinaya-AcAra viSayaka vinaya sikhaanaa| 2. zrutavinaya--sUtra aura artha kI vAcanA denA / 3. vikSepaNA vinaya--jo dharma se dUra haiM, unheM dharma meM sthApita karanA, jo sthita hai unheM pravajita karanA, jo cyutadharmA haiM, unheM punaH dharmaniSTha banAnA aura unake lie hita sampAdana karanA / / 4. doSanirghAta vinaya--krodha-doSa-kAMkSA-vinayana ke lie prayatna karanA / 1. vyavahAra sUtra uddezaka 10, bhASyagAthA 290. 2. vyavahArasUtra uddezaka 10 bhASyagAthA 303, 305-327. (ThANaM 5 / 124 kI TippaNa pR0 630 ke AdhAra para)

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zramaNa saMgha : 365 uttarAdhikArI AcArya AcArya apane saMgha kA nAyaka hotA hai| jaba vaha yaha anubhava karane lagatA hai ki isa AyuSya kA koI bharosA nahIM aura saMgha kA vikAsa netRtva ke vaiziSTaya para AdhArita hai ataH apane pada kA suyogyatama uttarAdhikArI Avazyaka hai / jise saMgha kA dAyitva usa uttarAdhikArI ko sauMpakara niHzalya rUpa meM AtmasAdhanA meM lIna ho skeN| AcArya ke uttarAdhikArI ko bAlAcArya, yuvAcArya Adi nAmoM se sambodhita kiyA jAtA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke vyavahAra sUtra meM AcArya pada para pratiSThita hone kI yogyatAoM ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki jo kama se kama pA~ca varSa kI dIkSA paryAya vAlA, zramaNAcAra meM kuzala, pravacana meM pravINa, prajJAbuddhi meM niSNAta, AhArAdi ke upagraha meM kuzala, akhaNDAcArI, sabala doSoM se rahita, bhinnatArahita AcAra kA pAlana karane vAle, niHkaSAya cAritra vAle, aneka sUtroM aura AgamoM Adi meM pAraMgata zramaNa, AcArya athavA upAdhyAya pada para pratiSThita hone ke yogya haiN|' aisA bhI ullekha hai ki jaba AcArya roga Adi kI gilyatA ko prApta ho jAye to apane ziSyoM ko bulAkara kahate the ki merA AyuSya pUrNa hone ke bAda ina yogyatAoM vAle amuka zramaNa ko isa pada para pratiSThita karanA / yadi vaha isa pada ke yogya parIkSA meM asaphala rahe to dusare ko AcArya pada para pratiSThita karanA / AcArya dvArA nirdiSTa sAdhu ko usa samaya padavI ke yogya hone kI avasthA meM hI padavI pradAna karanA cAhie, ayogyatA kI avasthA meM nhiiN| kadAcit use padavI pradAna kara dI gaI ho kintu usameM Avazyaka yogyatA na ho to anya sAdhuoM ko usase kahanA cAhie ki tuma isa padavI ke ayogya ho ataH ise chor3a do / aisI avasthA meM yadi vaha padavI chor3a detA hai to use kisI prakAra kA doSa nahIM lagatA hai| uttarAdhikArI kI niyukti vidhi : bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM uttarAdhikArI AcArya kI niyukti ke sandarbha meM kahA hai ki sallekhanA karane ke icchuka gaNastha AcArya ko gaNa (saMgha) kA hita socanA cAhie / isa kAraNa AcArya ko apanI Ayu kI sthiti-vicArakara sampUrNa saMgha ko aura bAlAcArya ko bulAkara zubha dina, 1. vyavahArasUtra 315. 2. vyavahArasUtra 4 / 13 3. vyavahAra bhASya caturtha uddezya (jai0 sA0 kA bR0 itihAsa bhAga 3 pR. 263). 4. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 274 se 358 (vijayodayATIkA sahita)

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366 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana zubha karaNa, zubha nakSatra aura zubhalagna tathA zubha deza meM, gaccha kA pAlana karane yogya guNoM se vibhUSita apane samAna bhikSu kA vicAra karane ke pazcAt vaha dhIra AcArya 'alpakathA' arthAt isa viSaya meM alpa vaktavya rUpa upadeza dekara usa bAlAcArya ke lie apanA gaNa visarjita karate (sauMpane) haiN| arthAt apanA pada chor3akara sampUrga gaNa ko bAlAcArya ke lie chor3a dete haiN| aura isa taraha bAlAcArya hI yahA~ se usa gaNa kA AcArya samajhA jAtA hai| AcArya samasta arthAta caturvidha saMgha se kahate haiM ki jJAna-darzana aura cAritrAtmaka dharmatIrtha kI vyucchitti na ho ataH saba guNoM se yukta jAnakara ise maiMne apanA uttarAdhikArI banAyA hai| aba yaha tumhArA AcArya hai| Apa saba isa gaNa kA pAlana kreN| itanA kahakara usa bAlAcArya ko anujJA karate haiM / ve apane dvArA svIkRta usa AcArya ko saMgha ke madhya meM sthApita karake tathA svayaM alaga hokara bAla aura vRddha muniyoM se bhare usa gaNa se mana, vacana aura kAya pUrvaka kSamA yAcanA karate haiN| ve kahate hai dIrghakAla taka sAtha rahane se utpanna hue mamatA, sneha, dveSa aura rAga vaza jo kaTu aura kaThina (kar3e) vacana kahe gaye hoM una sabake prati maiM kSamA yAcanA karatA huuN| samasta saMgha bhI vandanA karake, paMcAMga namaskAra pUrvaka saMsAra ke duHkhoM se rakSA karane vAle, sabako priya, uttama kSamAdi dasa dharmoM meM svayaM pravRta aura dUsaroM ko pravRtta karAne vAle AcArya se mana, vacana aura kAya pUrvaka kSamA yAcanA karatA hai / - isake bAda ve AcArya pada se antima rUpa meM aneka prakAra kI acchI zikSA rUpa upadeza caturvidha saMgha ke samakSa pradAna karate hue kahate hai ki jinendradeva ke dvArA kahe gaye sUtra Adi artha meM jo nipuNa hai, jisane prAyazcitta zAstra sunA hai vaha AcArya apane prayojana kI cintA karate hue bhI jina bhagavAn kI AjJA se gaNa kI cintA karatA hai / kramazaH pravRtti aura nivRtti meM sthita sabhI zramaNoM aura gRhasthoM ko mukti ke mArga meM samyagdarzana, jJAna aura cAritra ko bar3hAne vAlA vihAra tathA uttarottara unnata anuSThAna karanA cAhie / isa prakAra zubha tithi Adi se yukta kAla aura deza meM gaNAdhipati AcArya aura gaNa ko bhI sneha sahita, mAdhurya yukta, sAravAna hone se gambhIra, sukha se samajha meM Ane vAlI citta ko Ananda dAyaka aura hitakArI zikSA dete haiN| navaniyukta AcArya ko udabodhana : zikSA dene ke bAda ve AcArya nava niyukta uttarAdhikArI AcArya ko AzIrvAda dete haiM aura mArmika rUpa meM karttavya bodha karAte hue kahate haiM ki "utpatti sthAna meM choTI sI bhI uttama nadI jaise vistAra ke sAtha bar3hatI huI samudra taka jAtI hai usI prakAra tuma ..

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zramaNa saMgha : 367 zIla aura guNoM meM sadA vRddhi ko prApta hote rho| tuma mArjAra arthAt vilAva ke zabda kI taraha AcaraNa mata karanA / kyoMki vilAva kA zabda pahale jora kA hotA hai, phira krama se manda ho jAtA hai / usI prakAra ratnatraya ko bhAvanA ko pahale bar3e utsAha se karake pIche dhIre-dhIre manda mata karanA / aura isa taraha apanA aura apane saMgha--ina donoM kA vinAza mata karanA / prArambha meM hI kaThora tapa kI bhAvanA meM lagakara Apa aura gaNa ko bhI usI meM lagAkara duzcara hone se vinAza ko prApta hoMge / kyoMki jo jalate hue apane ghara ko bhI Alasyavaza bacAnA nahIM cAhatA, usa para kaise vizvAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai ki vaha dUsare ke jalate hue ghara ko bacAyegA / ataH jJAna, darzana aura cAripa viSayaka aticAroM ko dUra kro| dhArmikoM aura mithyAdRSTiyoM ke sAtha virodha nahIM karanA cAhie / citta kI zAnti bhaMga karane vAlA vAda-vivAda bhI nahIM karanA caahie| krodhAdi kaSAyeM apanI aura dUsare kI mRtyu meM kAraNa hotI hai ataH ye viSarUpa hai aura hRdaya ko jalAne ke kAraNa ve Aga kI taraha haiM ataH unheM chor3anA cAhie / ___AcArya samajhAte hue Age kahate haiM Agama ke sArabhUta ratnatraya meM jo gaNa ko aura apane ko sthApita karatA hai vahI gaNadhara (AcArya) kahalAtA hai| mere adhIna bahuta muni haiM ataH apane Apa meM gaNI hone kA ghamaNDa mata karanA / jo udgama Adi doSoM se yukta AhAra, upakaraNa athavA vasati ko svIkAra karatA hai usake na to prANisaMyama hai aura na indriyasaMyama / ataH vaha na to yati hai aura na gaNadhara / __hamArA yaha AcArya (guru) Alocita doSoM ko dUsare se nahIM kahatA-aisA mAnakara ziSyoM ke dvArA prakaTa kiye aparAdhoM ko kisI anya se mata kaho / kAryoM meM samadarzI hI raho / aura bAla tathA vRddha yatiyoM se bhare gaNa ko apanI AMkha kI taraha rakSA kro| jisa kSetra meM koI rAjA na ho athavA vaha duSTa ho usa kSetra ko tyAga do, jisa kSetra meM pravajyA na ho athavA saMyama kA ghAta ho usa kSetra ko tyAga do / duHsaha parISahoM se aura tIkSNa Akrozavacana rUpI kA~ToM se parAbhUta hokara bhI dharma kI dhurA ke bhAra ko mata tyaago| bAla aura vRddha muniyoM se bhare hue gaNa meM sarvajJa kI AjJA se sadA apanI zakti aura bhakti se vaiyAvRtya karane meM tatpara raho / kyoMki sarvajJadeva kI AjJA hai ki vaiyAvRtya karanA cAhie / jaise AcArya kI dhAraNA se saMgha kI dhAraNA hotI hai vaise hI eka sAdhu kI dhAraNA se arthAt vaiyAvRtya karane se sAdhu samudAya kI dhAraNA hotI hai| vRddha, anazana Adi tapa meM tatpara tapasvI, bahuzruta aura pramANa mAnA jAne vAlA bhI sAdhu AryA strI ke saMsarga se lokApavAda kA bhAgI hotA hai / ataH jo inakA hI nahIM apitu bAlA, kanyA, taruNI, vRddhA, surUpa aura kurUpa sabhI prakAra

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368 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ke strIvarga meM pramAda rahita hotA hai vahI sAdhu brahmacarya ko jIvana paryanta pAra lagAtA hai| isa prakAra acche-bure Azraya ke kAraNa puruSa guNa-doSa ko prApta hotA hai ataH prazastaguNa yukta AdhAra (Azraya) hI apanAnA cAhie / gaNa, gaccha, kula aura inake pramukha mUlAcArakAra ne jahA~ AcArya ke aneka viziSTa guNoM kA varNana kiyA hai vahAM saMgha kI vizeSatAoM kA bhI kAphI acchA pratipAdana kiyA hai| sAtha hI gaNa, gaccha aura kula kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| ina ullekhoM se yaha bhI avazya spaSTa hotA hai ki vaTTakera tathA vasunandi kI dRSTi meM saMgha, gaNa, gaccha aura Adi meM antara spaSTa nahIM thaa| isa taraha ke antara kA inhoMne ullekha bhI nahIM kiyaa| kintu vaTTakera kaSAya ke vazIbhUta hokara saMgha ko tor3ane vAlI tathA ekAkI vihAra Adi kI pravRttiyoM ke ghora virodhI the| isIlie unhoMne AcArya ke sAnidhya meM saMgha meM hI rahakara Atma kalyANa karane ke lie pade-pade prerita kiyA hai| kucha zithilAcArI sAdhu kaSAya ke vazIbhUta hokara anta samaya meM saMgha chor3akara gaNa meM praviSTa ho jAte the unake viSaya meM kSobha vyakta karate hue vaTTakera ne kahA hai ki gaNa meM praveza kI apekSA vivAha kara lenA acchA hai kyoMki vivAha se to rAga kI ho utpatti hotI hai kintu gaNa to aneka doSoM kI khAna (utpatti sthAna) hai| phira bhI saMgha kI ikAI kI dRSTi se yadi gaNa, gaccha Adi apane svarUpa aura uddezya ke anusAra kArya karate haiM to inakI apanI mahattA hai| kramazaH inakA vivecana isa prakAra hai gaNa aura usake pramukha tIna puruSoM ke samudAya athavA sthavira-maryAdA ke upadezaka yA zruta meM vRddha zramaNoM (sthaviroM) kI santati (paramparA) yA unake samUha ko gaNa kahate haiM / kula ke samudAya athavA jisameM tIna kula ke samudAya zAmila hoM vaha gaNa hai / gaNa meM sammilita hone ke lie zramaNa ko aTUTa zraddhA, medhA, namratA, aparigraha evaM bahuzruta Adi guNoM se yukta honA apekSita hai| gaNa 1. varaM gaNapavesAdo vivAhassa pavesaNaM / vivAhe rAga uppatti gaNo dosANamAgaro / mUlAcAra 10 / 92. 2. dhavalA 1315, 4, 26 / 6318, traipuruSiko gaNaH-mUlAcAra vRtti 4 / 153. 3. sarvArthasiddhi 9 / 24, pR0 442, tatvArthazloka vArtika 9 / 24, bhAva pAhuDa TIkA 78. 4. sthAnAMgasUtra pR0 353.

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zramaNa-saMgha : 369 ke pramukha ko gaNAcArya, gaNI yA gaNadhara kahate hai / AcArAMga kI zIlAMgavRtti meM kahA hai-jo AcArya nahIM kintu buddhi se AcArya ke sadRza hoM evaM guru kI AjJA se sAdhu-samUha (zramaNa-gaNa) ko lekara pRthak vihAra karate hoM ve gaNadhara kahalAte haiN|' zruta jJAnAvaraNa ke prakRSTa kSayopazama ke nimitta se gaNa ke dhAraNa karane meM samartha honA gaNadharatva hai / 2 zvetAmbara paramparA ke vyavahAra bhASya meM kahA hai jaise gAr3I ke dhure ke binA cakra nahIM calatA, vaise hI gaNAcArya ke binA gaNa nahIM cltaa| kalpasUtra TIkA meM kahA hai-jo sUtrArtha kA pUrNa jJAtA ho, priyadharmA, dRr3hadharmA, vyavahArakuzala, jAti aura kula se sampanna, gambhIra, labdhimAn, upadezAdi dvArA ziSyAdikoM ke saMgraha meM tathA upasaMgraha-se anugraha karane meM tatpara ho tathA sAdhvAcAra meM kuzala aura viziSTa tapa karane vAlA aura jina-zAsanAnurAgI ko gaNI kahA jAtA hai| gacchAcAra painnA meM kahA hai jJAna, darzana, aura cAritra ina tInoM meM sampanna, samayasAroM meM preraka jo apane ko gaNa meM pratiSThita karatA hai vaha gaNI (gaNAcArya)5 hai| isa prakAra vizAla saMgha se AcArya kI AjJAnusAra nirdhArita zramaNoM ke sAtha apane samyak uddezya kI pUrti hetu alaga vicaraNa kareM vaha zramaNoM kA samUha gaNa hai tathA usake pramukha gaNI yA gaNAcArya haiM / gaccha aura usake pramukha vaTTakera ne vaiyAvRtya ke prasaMga meM gaccha kA ullekha karate hue Agantuka zramaNa dvArA gaccha meM rahane vAle guru, bAla, vRddha, kSINa zaktika aura zaikSa muniyoM kI apanI zakti ke anusAra prayatnapUrvaka vaiyAvRtti karane ko kahA hai| vasunandi ne RSiyoM ke samUha (RSikula) ko athavA cAturvarNya zramaNa saMgha ko 'gaccha' kahA 1. no Ayario puNa jo, tArisao ceva hoi buddhiie| ___ sAhugaNaM gahiUNaM, viyarai so gaNaharo hoi / / __ AcArAGga zIlAMgavRtti 2, 1, 10, 279 pR0 322. 2. tatvArtha vArtika 8 / 12 / 41. 3. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa pR0 218 se uddhRta. 4. kalpasUtra : kalpamaJjarI To kA 1-2, pRSTha 54. 5. gacchAcAra painnA 7 / 20. 6. gacche vejjAvaccaM gilANaguru bAlabuDr3hasehANaM / jahajogaM kAdavvaM sagasattIe payatroNa // mUlAcAra 4 / 174, 7. gaccha RSikulaM-mUlAcAra vRtti 4 / 185,

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370 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana hai athavA sAta puruSoM yA tIna puruSoM ke samudAya ko 'gaccha' kahA hai| mukhyataH sAta puruSoM ke samUha ko gaccha kahA jAtA hai / 2 dhavalA ke anusAra tIna puruSoM kA samudAya gaNa hai isake Upara arthAt tIna se jyAdA puruSa kA samUha gaccha kahalAtA hai| jisa gaccha meM jJAna darzana, aura cAritra ko vRddhi hotI rahatI hai vahI gaccha unnata aura dharma Rddhi se mahAn RddhizAlI kahA jAtA hai vahI gaccha ratna utpanna karane vAle ratnAkara ke sadRza hai, jisameM ratnatraya utpanna hote hai, mAtra saMkhyA bar3hAne se nhiiN| kintu jo gaurava se sahita AhAra meM lampaTa, mAyAcArI, AlasI, lobhI tathA dharma rahita hai aisA zithila muni gaccha meM rahate hue bhI sAdhu samUha ko nahIM cAhatA / aura jo priyadharma, dRr3hadharma Adi rUpa viziSTa guNoM se rahita hai vaha AcArya yadi AryikAoM kA AcAryatva karatA hai to usake cAra kAla (dIkSAkAla, zikSAkAla, gaNapoSaNa aura AtmasaMskAra rUpa cAra kAla) virAdhita hote haiM aura gaccha kI virAdhanA ho jAtI hai / " ataH gaccha ke pramukha ko sarvaguNa sampanna honA caahie| gaccha ke pramukha gacchAcArya kahalAte haiM / inakA kArya gaccha ke AcAra ko rakSA karate hue svayaM zreSTha AcAra kA pAlana karanA hai / kintu jo AcArya mu~ha se mIThA bolatA huA gaccha ke AcAra kI rakSA nahIM karatA vaha gaccha kA apakArI hotA hai / aura jo mAtra mIThA hI na bolakara samaya Ane para tAr3anA ke dvArA bhI gaccha ke AcAra kI rakSA karatA hai vaha kalyANarUpa Ananda kA dene vAlA hai| mUlAcAra aura isakI vRtti meM ullikhita 'gaccha' ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA saMgha, gaNa aura gaccha meM antara spaSTa nahIM hai| kula aura usake pramakha-eka hI AcArya kI ziSya santati (paramparA) kA nAma kula hai / sarvArthasiddhi ke anusAra dIkSA dene vAle AcArya kI ziSyaparamparA ko kula kahate haiN| pravacanasAra kI tAtparyavRtti meM kahA hai ki laukika 1. RSi samudAye cAturvarNya zramaNa saMghe vA saptapuruSakastripuruSako vA gacchaH -mUlAcAravRtti 4 / 174. 2. sAptapuruSiko gaccha:-mUlAcAra vRtti 4 / 153. 3, tipurisao gnno| taduvari gccho| dhavalA 135, 4, 26 / 63 / 8 / -mUlAcAra vRtti 4 / 153 4. bRhatkalpabhASya 2110-2122. 5. mUlAcAra 4 / 153, 185. 6. gacchAcAra painnA-17. 7. sarvArthasiddhi 9 / 24, pR0 442.

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zramaNa-saMgha : 371 doSoM se rahita jo jinadIkSA ke yogya hotA hai vaha kula hai|' sthAnAMga TIkA ke anusAra kaI gacchoM ke samUha se kula kA nirmANa hotA hai / 2 kula kA eka pramukha hotA hai / mUlAcAra meM kahA hai ki jaba koI zramaNa anya AcArya ke pAsa vizeSa adhyayana Adi ke lie jAtA to ve AcArya isa navAgantuka zramaNa ke paricaya meM nAma, guru Adi ke sAtha hI 'kula' kI jAnakArI bhI prApta karate the / 3 inake atirikta bhI jaina sAhitya meM nimnalikhita AcAryoM ke ullekha milate haiN| elAcArya :-guru (AcArya) ke pazcAt jo zramaNa cAritra kA krama (upadeza) zramaNoM aura AryikAoM ko kahatA hai use anudisa yA elAcArya kahate haiN| niryApakAcArya :-deza saMyama aura sakalasaMyama ina donoM ke cheda kI zuddhi ke lie prAyazcita dekara jo saMvega aura vairAgyavardhaka paramAgama ke vacanoM dvArA zramaNoM kA saMvaraNa karate haiN| unheM niryApaka kahate haiN| inheM hI zikSAguru yA zrutaguru bhI kahate haiM / niryApaka saMsAra bhIru, pApakarma bhIrU yA sarvajinAgama ke jJAtA hote haiM / aura aise hI niryApakAcArya ke pAdamUla meM samAdhimaraNodyamI zramaNa ArAdhanA kI siddhi karatA hai| samAdhimaraNa kA icchuka zramaNa to pA~ca se sAta sau yojana se bhI adhika vihAra karake aise zAstrokta niryApaka kA anveSaNa karate haiM kyoMki niryApakatva guNadhAraka AcArya hI samAdhimaraNa sAdhakara zramaNa kA mana AhlAdita kara sakate haiN| mUlAcAra tathA isakI vRtti meM kahA hai ki jaise karNadhAra se rahita uttama ratnoM se bharI naukAyeM nagara ke samIpa kinAre Akara bhI pramAda ke kAraNa DUba jAtI haiM.--vaise sAdhu (kSapaka) rUpI naukAe~ bhI samyagdarzana jJAna aura caritrarUpI ratnoM se paripUrNa haiM aura siddhi ke samIpa taka A cukI haiM, phira bhI niryApakAcArya ke binA pramAda ke nimitta se ve kSapaka rUpI naukAe~ saMsAra samudra meM DUba jAtI hai / ataH isa tarapha sAvadhAnI apekSita hai|' 1. pravacanasAra tA0 vR0 203, pR0 276. 2. sthAnAMga TIkA (abhayadeva sUri) pR0 516. 3. mUlAcAra 4 / 166. 4. anuguroH pazcAddizati vidhatte caraNakramamityanu dik elAcAryastasmai vidhinA -bha0 A0 kI mUlArAdhanA TIkA 177. pRSTha 395. 5. pracanasAra tA0 vR0 210. 6. bha. A0 400-401. 7. vahI 506. vijayodayA sahita. 8. mUlAcAra vRttisahita 2 / 88.

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372 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana inake atirikta navaniyukta uttarAdhikArI AcArya bhI hote haiM jinheM bAlAcAyaM kahA jAtA hai / Avazyaka niyukti meM nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva ina nipekSoM kI dRSTi se AcArya ke cAra bheda kiye haiN|' mahAnizItha meM bhAvAcArya ko " tIrthaMkara ke samAna samajhane kA nirdeza hai| 2. upAdhyAya : zramaNasaMgha meM AcArya ke bAda upAdhyAya kA bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / navakAra meM bhI paMcaparameSThI ke rUpa meM upAdhyAya kA caturtha sthAna hai| artha aura sUtra ke adhikArI AcArya aura upAdhyAya hote haiM / artha vAcanA AcArya dete haiM aura sUtra kI vAcanA dene kA kArya upAdhyAya karate haiM / pAsa meM Akara jinase adhyayana kiyA jAe ve upAdhyAya hai| jinake samIpa jinapravacana par3hA jAtA hai, ve sUtra-pradAtA munivara upAdhyAya kahalAte haiN| Avazyaka niyukti meM AcArya bhadrabAhu ne 'ujjhA' (upAdhyAya) pada kI niyukti meM kahA gayA hai ki 'u' arthAt upayogakaraNa 'jjhA' arthAt dhyAnakaraNa / isaprakAra upayogapUrvaka dhyAna karane vAle ko 'ujjhA' kahate haiM / jo dvAdazAMga kA svayaM adhyayana karatA hai tathA dUsaroM ko vAcanA rUpa se upadeza detA hai use 'upAdhyAya' kahate haiN| aparAjitasUri ke anusAra upAdhyAya asamasta zrutajJAna ke dhArI, ratnatraya ke aticAroM ke jJAtA, svAbhAvika buddhimAna aura jitendriya mahAtmA hote haiM / ye vivecya vastu kA samasta aGgopAGga svarUpa, dRSTAnta evaM yuktipUrvaka vivecana karane vAle tathA kupita kSapaka ko bhI apanI madhura vANI se prasanna karane vAle hote haiM / vastutaH jinopadiSTa dvAdaza aMga rUpa zruta ko svAdhyAya kahA jAtA hai tathA 1. Avazyaka niyukti gAthA 987-988. 2. je te bhAvAyariyA te titthayarasamA ceva daLuvvA ... / mahAnizItha a0 1. 3, atthaM vAei Ayariyo, suttaM vAei uvjjhaao| vRtti- arthapradA AcAryAH, sUtrapradA upAdhyAyAH-oghaniyukti vRtti / / 4. upetyAsmAdadhIyate upAdhyAyaH---mUlAcAra vRtti 4-155. 5. upa = samIpam Agatya adhIyate jinapravacanaM yasmAtsa upAdhyAyaH-sUtra pradAtetyarthaH--kalpasUtraTIkA pRSTha 50. 6. Avazyaka niyukti gAthA 996. 7. vahI gAthA 995. 8. bha. A. vijayodayA TIkA 500.

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zramaNa-saMgha : 373 svAdhyAya rUpa ina dvAdazAGgoM kA apane ziSyoM ko jo upadeza karatA hai, par3hAtA hai vaha upAdhyAya kahalAtA hai|' niyamasAra meM kahA hai ki jo ratnatraya se yukta, jinendradeva dvArA kathita padArthoM kA upadeza karane meM kuzala aura AkAMkSA rahita hote haiM unheM upAdhyAya kahate haiN| dhavalA ke anusAra jo zramaNa caudaha pUrva rUpI samudra meM praveza karake arthAt paramAgama kA abhyAsa karake mokSamArga meM sthita hai tathA mokSa ke icchuka zIlaMdharoM (zramaNoM) ko upadeza dete haiM ve zramaNa upAdhyAya kahalAte haiM / ye saMgraha aura anugraha guNoM ko chor3akara AcArya ke samasta guNoM se yukta hote haiM / dravyasaMgraha meM kahA gayA hai ki jo ratnatraya se saMyukta haiM, nitya dharmopadezoM meM nirata hai vaha yatiyoM meM zreSTha AtmA upAdhyAya hai / isaprakAra upAdhyAya pada lie zAstroM kA vizeSa abhyAsa hI pramukha kAraNa hai kyoMki jo svayaM adhyayana karatA hai aura ziSyoM ko bhI adhyayana karAtA hai vahI guru upAdhyAya kahalAtA hai / inameM brata Adi ke pAlana kI zeSa vidhi sabhI zramaNoM ke samAna hotI hai| isa taraha AcArya evaM upAdhyAya ke svarUpa vivecana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki tatkAlIna zramaNa saMgha eka prakAra calate phirate gurukula the, jinameM sat-zAstroM kA sAMgopAMga adhyayana calatA rahatA thaa| kevala jaina zAstroM kA hI adhyayana hotA ho yaha bAta nahIM thI apitu sAhitya kI vividha vidhAoM se paricita karAyA jAtA thA / tabhI to ve apane siddhAntoM kI pratiSThA anya matoM se parIkSApUrvaka kara pAte the / mUlAcAra meM ullikhita kauTilya, mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa aura RgvedAdi ke nAmoM ke ullekha se graMthakAra kA bahuzAstravettRtva guNa prakaTa hotA hai / usa samaya aura 1. (ka) bArasaMgaM jiNakkhAdaM sajjhAyaM kathitaM budhe / uvadesai sajjhAyaM teNuvajjhAu uccadi // mUlAcAra 7 / 10, Avazyaka niyukti 1000. (kha) bArasaMgo jiNakkhAo sajjhAo kahio buhe / taM uvaissaMti jamhA, uvajjhAyA taNa vuccaMti // kalpasUtra kalpamaMjarI TIkA pRSTha 50. 2. niyamasAra 74. 3. dhavalA 11111 gAthA 32 pRSTha 51. 4. dravyasaMgraha 53. 5. paJcAdhyAyI uttarArddha 661-662. 6. mUlAcAra 5 / 61.

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374 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vizeSa adhyayana hetu ziSya zramaNa eka saMgha yA gaNa se dUsare saMgha yA gaNa AtejAte the / aise zramaNoM ko Agantuka zramaNa kahA jAtA thaa| AyikAyeM bhI saMgha meM apanI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna aura adhyayana AcArya aura upAdhyAya se karatI thiiN| sa taraha samasta zAstroM ke gahanatama adhyayana-adhyApana rUpa zaikSANika pravRttiyAM kA zramaNa saMgha meM apanA eka viziSTa evaM AzcaryakArI mahatva rahA hai / isameM jahA~ saMgha ke AcArya kA sAnidhya tathA unakA mArgadarzana bahuta mahatva rakhatA hai vahA~ zaikSaNika gatividhiyoM meM upAdhyAya kI pramukha bhUmikA rahatI hai / 3. pravartaka : alpazruta kA jJAtA hone para bhI jo saMgha kI sampUrNa maryAdA aura cAritra kA jJAtA hotA hai, vaha pravartaka hotA hai| vasunandi ke anusAra jo saMgha kA pravartana karate haiM ve pravartaka kahalAte haiN|' __ upAdhyAya se jJAna meM ye alpa (laghu) hote haiN| kintu sarvasaMgha kI maryAdA ke yogya AcAra kA inheM vizeSa jJAna hone se ye pravartaka kahalAte haiM / 2 saMgha kA pravartana (saMcAlana) karane vAle zramaNa pravartaka kahalAte haiM / ' kalpasUtra TIkA meM kahA gayA hai jo yogya sAdhuoM ko prazasta yogoM meM pravRtta karate haiM ve pravartaka haiM / kahA bhI hai--jo yogya muni ko tapa aura saMyama meM pravRtta karate haiM, aura ayogya ko haTAte haiM, isa prakAra gaNa kA kArya karane vAle muni pravartaka kahalAte haiN| saMgha meM pravartaka kA yaha pramuNa kartavya hotA hai ki sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke jIvana meM AcAra-vicAra ko samyaka vyavasthA kare athavA vaisI pravRtti jAgRta kare tathA use vaisI hI zikSA denA caahie|" 4. sthavira : cirakAla se dIkSita aura muni-mArga ke anubhavI munivara sthavira muni haiN| vasunandi ke anusAra jinase ziSya ke AcaraNa sthira hote haiM, ve sthavira kahalAte haiM / AcArAMgasUtra TIkA meM kahA hai ki sthavira kA kArya 1. pravartakaH saMgha pravartayatIti pravartakaH -mUlA0 vRtti 4.155. 2. pavattI alpazru taH sansarvasaMgha maryAdAcaritajJaH pravartakaH-bha0 A0 mUlArAdhanA gAthA 629, pR0 831 / 63. saMgha pravartayatIti pravartakaH -mUlAcAra vRtti 4 / 155. 4. yaH prazastayogeSu yogyAn sAdhUna pravarttayati ayogyAMzca nivartayati sa pravartakaH taduktam tavasaMjamajogesu joggaM jo u pvtttte| nivaTTae ajoggaM ca gaNacitI pavaTTago // 1 // kalpasUtraTIkA pRSTha 53. 5 bRhatkalpasUtra niyukti laghu bhASya vR0 prastAvanA pu0 66. 6. yasmAt sthirANi AcaraNAni bhavantIti sthaviraH-mUlAcAra vRtti 4 / 155.

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zramaNa-saMgha : 375 saMgha meM praveza karane vAle sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko unake dharmAnukUla pavitra AcAra Adi kI zikSA denA tathA unake saMyama-yoga ke niyamoM-upaniyamoM ko sthira karanA hai|' kalpasUtra TIkA meM kahA hai-mokSAbhilASI, komala prakRti vAle aura dharmapriya kintu jJAna, darzana aura cAritra rUpa upAdeya arthoM se cyuta hone vAle aura kheda kA anubhava karanevAle muniyoM ko apane kartavya kA smaraNa karAkara aura unako ihaloka aura paraloka sambandhI hAniyA~ batalAkara saMyamayoga meM sthira karane vAle sthavira kahalAte haiN| kahA bhI hai-saMvega (vairAgya) se sampanna, mRdulahRdaya, dharmapriya hote hue bhI jo jJAna-darzana-cAritra meM jina arthoM kA parityAga karane ke lie udyata hue haiM una sAdhuoM ko una arthoM kA jo smaraNa karAte haiM arthAt ratnatraya ke parityAga se hone vAlI hAniyA~ batalAte haiM : ve sthavira kahalAte haiM / 2 sthavira pada para bhI vahI pratiSThita ho sakatA hai jo zramaNa ATha varSa kI dIkSA paryAya vAlA, AcAra, pravacana, prajJA, saMgraha aura upagraha meM kuzala, akhaMDa cAritravAlA, asabaladoSI, abhinnAcArI, asaMkliSTa cAritravAle, bahuzruta, vidyAgAmI, sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga sUtra ke jJAtA hoN| sthavira ke atirikta uparyukta guNa gaNI, gacchAvacchedaka AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM pravartinI ke lie bhI apekSita mAne gaye haiM / 3 sthAnAMgasUtra meM dasa prakAra ke sthaviroM kA ullekha milatA hai-grAma, nagara, rASTra, pArzvastha, kula, gaNa, saMgha, vaya, zruta aura dIkSA sthavira / 5. gaNadhara : jo gaNa ko dhAraNa karatA hai vaha gaNadhara kahA jAtA hai|" jo AcArya nahIM hai kintu buddhi se AcArya ke sadRza ho aura guru kI AjJA se sAdhu-samUha ko sAtha lekara pRthak vicaratA ho vaha gaNadhara kahalAtA hai| 1. AcArAMga sUtra (abhayadeva TIkA) pRSTha 488. 2. saMviggo maddavio priyadhammo nANa-dasaNa-cAritta / je aDhe parihAyai, sAreMto so havai thero // 1 // --kalpasUtra (kalpamaJjarI TIkA) pR0 52. 3. bRhatkalpasUtra laghu bhASya vR0 pR0 63. 4. sthAnAMga sU0 10760. 5. gaNaM dharatIti gaNadharaH-mUlAcAra vRtti 4 / 155. 6. AcArya sadRzo gurvAdezAt sAdhugaNaM gRhItvA pRthagviharati sa gaNadhara iti / taduktam-no Ayario puNa jo, tArisao ceva hoi buddhIe / sAhugaNaM gahiUNaM viyarai so gaNaharo hoi // -kalpasUtra TIkA sUtra 6. pR0 56.

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376 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana gaNadhara kA dharma hai--zAstra paramparA ko avicchinna rkhnaa|' - zvetAmbara paramparA meM gaNAvacchedaka nAma se eka anya pada kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| gaNa ke eka vibhAga ke jo svAmI hoM tathA jo gaNa ke kAryoM meM udyata rahate hoM ve gaNAvacchedaka kahalAte haiN| kahA bhI hai-jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA karane meM gaNa ke hita ke lie dUra ke kSetra meM bhI jAne meM aura kSetra (grAma Adi yogya sthAna) aura upadhi kI gaveSaNA karane meM khinna na hone vAle tathA sUtra-artha ke jJAtA gaNAvacchedaka kahalAte haiN| isa taraha AcArya, upAdhyAya, pravartaka, sthavira aura gaNadhara-ye saMgha ke pA~ca AdhAra haiN| ye sabhI jisa saMgha meM hote haiM usameM suvyavasthA ke sAtha hI vyaktitva ke vikAsa ke sabhI sAdhana bhI upalabdha hote haiN| isa prakAra zramaNa saMgha ke antargata kArya-vibhAjana kI dRSTi se AcArya kA kArya sUtra ke artha kI vAcanA denA aura saMgha kA sarvopari saMcAlana evaM mArgadarzana karanA hai| upAdhyAya kA kArya sUtra kI vAcanA denA, zikSA kI vRddhi karanA hai| pravartaka kA kArya hai saMva kA pravartana karanA tathA apane AcArya dvArA batAI huI dhArmika pravRttiyoM meM, sevA Adi kAryoM meM zramaNoM ko niyukta karanA / sthavira kA kArya zramaNoM ko saMyama meM sthira karanA, zramaNadharma (zrAmaNya) meM vicalita hue muniyoM ko punaH sthira krnaa| unakI Antarika aura bAhya samasyAoM ke samAdhAna kI vyavasthA karanA hai / tathA gaNadhara kA kArya hai zramaNoM kI dinacaryA kA dhyAna rakhanA aura apane dharma kI prabhAvanA karanA / saMgha ke ye pA~ca AdhAra kArya vibhAjana ke AdhAra para AdhArita haiN| cAturvarNyasaMgha ___ RSi, muni, yati aura anagAra-ye cAra prakAra ke zramaNa cAturvarNya saMgha ke antargata Ate haiM / kramazaH inakA svarUpa isa prakAra haiM 1. RSi-Rddhi prApta zramaNa RSi kahalAte haiN| indriyoM ko jItane vAle, rAgadveSa aura moha kA kSaya karake dhyAna rUpa zuddhopayoga meM yukta rahakara 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra bRhad vRtti, patra, 584. 2. (ka) gaNasya avacchedaH-vibhAgaH aMzo'sti yasyAsau tathA, gaNakAMzasvAmI / kalpasUtra kalpamaMjarI TIkA pRSTha 50. (kha) pabhAvaNuddhAvaNesu khetovajjhesaNAsu ya / avisAI gaNAvaccheyago suttatthavI mao / / vahI 1 pR0 51.

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zramaNa-saMgha : 377 sampUrNa karmoM kA vinAza karane vAle maharSi haiN|' rAjarSi, brahmarSi, devarSi aura paramarSi ke bheda se RSi ke cAra bheda haiM, jinakA svarUpa vivecana pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| 2. muni-jJAna kI ArAdhanA-manana karane vAlA 'muni' kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra manana mAtra bhAvasvarUpa hone vAlA muni hotA hai| jo sva-para ke artha (prayojana) siddhi (sarvArthasiddhi) ko jAnate aura mAnate haiM ve muni haiM athavA mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevalajJAna se yukta muni kahalAte haiM / AptavidyA (Agama) meM vRddha aura mAnya hone se mahApuruSoM meM 'muni' saMjJA prasiddha hai|" mananAt muniH-isa vyutpatti ke AdhAra para jo AtmA kA manana kare vaha muni hai / AcArAMga sUtra meM muni-jIvana kI sthiratA ke sundara sAta sUtroM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai 1. AjJApriyatA--arthAt jJAna aura upadeza / 2. sneh-mukti| 3. pUrvarAtra (rAtri ke prathama do prahara) tathA apararAtra (rAtri ke zeSa do prahara) meM yatanA arthAt do yA tIna praharoM meM jAgRta rahakara dhyAna aura svAdhyAya karanA, apramatta rahanA 'yatanA' hai| 4. zIla-saMprekSA--mahAvratoM kA anuzIlana, iMdriyoM kA saMyama, mana, vANI aura kAya kI sthiratA, krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kA nigrh| yaha zIla hai tathA isakA satat darzana-zIla-saMprekSA' hai| 5. lokasAra kA zravaNa arthAt loka meM sArabhUta tattva-jJAna-darzana aura cAritra kA zravaNa / 6. kAmanA kA parityAga / 7. kalaha kA parityAga / 1. evaM NiyAya muNiNA paveditaM-iha ANAkaMkhI paMDie aNi he, puvvAvararAyaM jayamANe, sayA sIlaM khaMpehAe, suNiyA bhave akAme ajhaMjhe / -AyAro-paMcama lokasAra adhyayana tRtIya uddezaka sUtra 44 tathA TippaNa pR0 213-214. 1. mUlAcAra 9 / 115. 2. nANeNa u muNI hoI-sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 13 / 22. mananamAtrabhAvatayA muniH-samayasAra-AtmakhyAti 151. 4. mUlAcAra vRtti 9 / 120. 5. mAnyatvAdAptavidhAnAM mahadbhiH kIrtyate muniH--yazastilaka campU 8 / 44,

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378 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana . 3. yati---indriyajaya dvArA zuddhAtma-svarUpa ke prayatna meM tatpara rahane vAlA yati kahalAtA hai|' jo teraha prakAra ke cAritra meM prayatna karate haiM athavA upazama zreNI aura kSapaka zreNI meM ArohaNa karane meM tatpara 'yati' kahe jAte haiN| 4. anagAra-sAmAnya sAdhu ko anagAra kahate haiM / agAra arthAt gRha, strI ityAdi-ina sabakA tyAga karane vAlA sAmAnya zramaNa anagAra kahalAtA hai| upabhogita puSpoM kI taraha dhana, pazu, kanaka Adi samRddhi evaM bandhu-bAndhavoM ko chor3akara jo vyakti ghara meM rahane kI kAmanA se pUrNa virakta ho jAte haiM ve vIra puruSa anagAra kahalAte haiM / jina saMyogoM meM gRhastha ulajha jAte haiM una sabakA gRhatyAgo evaM pravajita anagAra jJAna dvArA tyAga kara dete haiM, kyoMki gRhastha jIvana rAga-dveSa evaM ArambhAdi ko utpanna karane vAlA hotA hai| vaha mRtyuparyanta aparigrahI, nidAnarahita aura zarIra kI mamatA ko chor3akara zukladhyAna kA dhyAtA banatA hai / mamatva, ahaMkAra evaM Azrava se rahita hokara vaha anagAra kevalajJAna prApta kara letA hai| anagAra avasthA dhAraNa karane kI apanI eka prakriyA hai| sIdhe eka sAtha hI koI anagAra nahIM bana jaataa| darzana, vrata, sAmAyika, proSadhoSavAsa, sacittatyAga, rAtribhojanatyAga, brahmacaryavrata, ArambhatyAga, parigrahatyAga, anumatityAga aura uddiSTatyAga-zrAvaka kI ye gyAraha pratimAyeM anagAra avasthA taka pahuMcane kI sIr3hiyAM hai| ye ho zrAvaka ko kramazaH Atmonnati ko sUcaka hai / gyArahavIM pratimA meM pahu~cate-pahu~cate vaha laMgoTImAtra kA ghArI (ailaka) banakara Age anagAra banane kA pUrNa abhyAsa kara letA hai taba kahIM anagAra dIkSA use dI jA sakatI hai| mumukSu zrAvaka meM jaba vairAgya utpanna hotA hai taba vaha ina gyAraha pratimAoM Adi ko dhAraNa karake zramaNa saMgha meM rahakara bhI pUrNa brahmacarya, kSullaka tathA ailaka Adi avasthAoM meM pUrNa abhyasta hokara anagAra ke:sarvathA yogya bana jAtA hai, taba kahIM usakI yogyatA kI parIkSA lekara use catuHsaMgha ke samakSa vidhi-pUrvaka dIkSA dvArA anagAra banAte haiN| 1. indriyajayena zuddhAtmasvarUpaprayatnaparo yatiH--pravacanasAra tAtparyavRtti 69. 2. trayodazavidhe cAritre yatanta iti yatayo'thavopazamakSapakazreNyArohaNaparA yatayaH -mUlAcAravRtti 9 / 120. 3. anagArAH sAmAnya sAdhavaH-pravacanasAra tAtparyavRtti 249. 4. na vidyate'gAraM gRhaM stryAdikaM yeSAM te anagArAH-mUlAcAravRtti 9 / 2. 5. mUlAcAra 98

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zramaNa saMgha : 37 anagAra bhAvanA ke dasa sUtra: eka sacce anagAra ko jina zuddhiyoM kA nirantara dhyAna rakhane, unakI bhAvanA bhAte rahane aura AcaraNa meM lAne kA vidhAna hai, anagAra bhAvanA ke ve dasa sUtra' nimnalikhita hai 1. liMgazuddhi : liMga kA artha hai cihna / vizuddha nirgrantha mudrA dhAraNa karake tadanurUpa AcaraNa karanA anagAra bhAvanA kA prathama sUtra hai| dUsare zabdoM meM zarIra ke saMskAra jaise-snAna, Adi . sabakA pUrNa tyAga karake pUrNa nagnatA dhAraNa karanA, kezaloMca karanA, saMyamArtha hAtha meM picchi rakhanA, ratnatraya evaM tapa kA AcaraNa karanA liMgazuddhi hai / vastutaH saMyama-yAtrA ke nirvAha hetu aura'maiM sAdhU hU~' isakA bodha karane ke lie loka meM liMga (veSa dhAraNa) kA prayojana hai|3 bhAvoM kI vizuddhi ke lie bAhya parigraha kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai / vaha dravyaliMga hai tathA deha kI mamatA se rahita, mAna Adi kaSAyoM se pUrI taraha mukta hai vahI svAtmA meM lIna zramaNa bhAvaliMgo hai / isa prakAra mUrchA, Arambha aura parApekSA rahita, upayoga aura yoga kI zuddhi se yukta liMgazuddhi mokSa kA kAraNabhUta hotI hai| liMga ke cAra bheda haiM-acelakatva, kezaloMca, zarIra-saMskAra kA tyAga aura pratilekhana / ' inameM acelakatva niHsaMgatA kA cihna hai, loca se sadbhAva jJAta hotA hai, vyutsRSTadehatva vItarAgatA kA cihna hai tathA pratilekhana dayApAlana kA cihna hai / liMgazuddhi yukta dRr3habuddhi vAle zramaNa tapoM meM utsAhayukta, karmakSaya meM tatpara evaM bhagavAn jinendradeva dvArA pratipAdita paramArtha meM sadA anurakta rahate haiN|' janmamaraNa se udvigna, saMsAravAsa evaM usake duHkhoM se bhayabhIta rahate hue 1. liMgaM vadaM ca suddhI vasadivihAraM ca bhikkha NANaM ca / ujjhaNasuddhI ya puNo vakkaM ca tavaM tadhA jhANaM / / mUlAcAra 9 / 3. 2. mUlAcAravRtti 9 / 3. 3. uttarAdhyayana 23 / 32. 4. bhAvapAhuDa 3156. 5. mucchAraM bhavijuttaM juttaM upajogajogasuddhIhi / liMgaM Na parAvekkhaM avuNabhavakAraNaM jeNhaM / samayasAra 206. 6. accelakkaM loco bosaTTa sarIradA ya paDilihaNaM / eso hue liMga kappo caduvidho hodi NAyamvo // mUlAcAra 10 / 17. 7. mUlAcAravRtti, 10 / 17. 8. mUlAcAra 9 / 11.

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380 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana jinavaravRSabha evaM vardhamAna Adi ke gharmatIrtha para hI trividha zraddhAna karate haiM, anya gharmatIrthoM para nahIM / ' 2. vratazuddhi: pApoM se virakta honA vrata hai / vRttikaraNa, chAdana, saMvara aura virati - ye saba 'vrata' ke paryAyavAcI nAma haiM / vairAgyayukta zramaNa dvArA prANivadha, mRSAvAda Adi pA~ca pApoM kA mana, vacana, kAya se tyAga karake ahiMsA, satyabhASaNa, Adi pA~ca mahAvratoM kA dhAraNa karanA vratazuddhi hai / " 3. vasatizuddhi : sAmAnyataH zramaNa nagara meM pA~ca dina aura grAma meM eka rAtri Thaharate haiM / jaba ve vihAra karate haiM usa samaya gRha Adi Azrayasthala kI apekSA unheM nahIM hotI, jahA~ sUryAsta hotA hai vahIM prAsuka sthAna meM nirbhayatA pUrvaka Thahara jAte haiM / cAhe vaha sthala jala se vidIrNa, parvata kI guphA kandarA, zUnyaghara, zmazAna Adi bhale hI ho, para vaha prAsuka, ekAkI aura vikalatA rahita sthala honA cAhie / bhramaNa sadA prAsuka pradeza meM vihAra karate haiM tathA strI puruSAdi se varjita ekAnta sthaloM meM hI nivAsa karate haiM / aise sthaloM ke anveSaNa meM ve gandhahasta ke sadRza dhIra hote haiM tathA zukladhyAna meM rata rahakara mukti rUpa uttama sukha prApta karate haiM / vasatikAoM se apratibaddha rahanA hI vasati zuddhi hai / isI ke dvArA ve uparyukta sthaloM meM rahate hue vIra prabhu ke vacanoM meM krIr3A karate haiM / 4 4. vihArazuddhi : zramaNa aniyata vihArI hote haiM / kyoMki eka sthala para bahuta samaya taka rahane se pramAda aura Alasya meM vRddhi hotI haiM / gRhasthoM Adi se sneha-paricaya ho jAtA hai, isase saMyama meM zithilatA AtI / jabaki grAmAnugrAma vihAra se nirlepatA aura sahanazIlatA banI rahatI hai nirapekSa aura svacchaMda rUpa meM nagara aura khAnoM Adi se sarvatra bahatI hai vaise hI zramaNa sabhI taraha ke parigrahoM svataMtrarUpa meM vicaraNa karate haiM / " vihAra zuddhi meM yaha bhI jJAna-darzana- cAritra meM vRddhi ho arthAt vizuddha saMyama kA se 1. mUlAcAra 9 / 10. 2. NAUNa abbhuveccaya pASANaM viramaNaM vadaM hoI / vidikaraNaM chAdaNaM saMvarI viraditti egaTTho / / 3. mUlAcAra 9 / 12-14. 4. vahI 9 / 18-22. 5. mUlAcAra 9 / 31. ataH jaise havA mukta, vibhUSita pRthvI para mukta, nirapekSa evaM Avazyaka hai ki jahA~ pAlana ho vahIM vihAra - bha0 A0 vi0 TI0 421, 50 614.

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zramaNa saMgha : 381 karanA cAhie / vihArazuddhi yukta zramaNa upekSAvRddhi, mAdhyasthabhAva, upazAnta, adIna, nibhRta, nirAkAMkSa aura azaTha - ina guNoM se yukta, kAmabhogoM ko sadA ke lie bhUla jAne vAle tathA jinendradeva ke vacanoM meM anurakta hote haiM / ' aniyatavihArI hote hue bhI ve jJAna-vijJAna se sampanna hokara zrutajJAnarUpI dIpaka kI sahAyatA se agarbhavAsa (mokSa) kI vizeSa icchA rakhate hue votarAga bhAvanAoM meM nirata, jJAna-darzana - cAritra - yoga aura vIrya ke sAtha vairAgya kA cintana karate rahate haiM / 5. bhikSA zuddhi : bhikSA zuddhi kA artha hai vidhipUrvaka vizuddha AhAra grahaNa karanA arthAt auddezika, krIta, ajJAta, zaMkita, abhighaTa doSayukta tathA Agamaviruddha evaM AgamaniSiddha AhAra kA pUrNataH tyAga karanA tathA mana, vacana, kAya, evaM kRta, kArita aura anumodanA rUpa nava koTiyoM se vizuddha, zaMkA- kAMkSAdi dasa doSoM aura nakha, romAdi caudaha maloM se rahita aise vizuddha AhAra ko paragRha meM dUsaroM arthAt zrAvakoM ke dvArA diye AhAra ko apane pANipAtra meM grahaNa karanA bhikSAzuddhi hai / isake antargata avivarNa, prAsuka, prazasta aura eSaNA samiti se vizuddha AhAra, niyata samaya para dina meM eka bAra hI grahaNa karanA tathA AhAra grahaNa ke bAda doSoM ke nAzArtha pratikramaNa karanA cAhie / 6. jJAnazuddhi : jJAnarUpI dRSTi ko prApta karake jJAna-prakAza se paramArtha ko dekhanA, niHzaMkita, nirvicikitsA aura Atmabala ke anusAra parAkrama (utsAha) ko dhAraNa karanA jJAnazuddhi yukta anagAra ke lakSaNa hai / aise hI jJAna viSayaka paramArtha, aSTAMga nimitta Adi ke jJAtA zramaNa padAnusArI buddhi, bIja buddhi, saMbhinna buddhi aura koSTha buddhi- - ina cAra buddhiyoM se sampanna, bAraha aMga aura caudaha pUrva ke dhAraNa aura grahaNa meM samartha tathA dhIra hote haiM / " 7. ujjhana zuddhi : ujjhana zuddhi se tAtparya zarIra saMskAra kA tyAga karake apane zarIra ke prati mamatva bhAva se rahita honA hai / bandhu bAndhavoM ke prati tathA apane nAzavAn zarIra ke prati sneha aura rAga rahita honA ujjJana zuddhi hai / zarIra meM roga Adi utpanna hone para mana ko kheda - khinna, vikala tathA Akula na karake auSadhi yA cikitsA kI icchA na karanA aura zarIra ke viSaya meM pratikAra 1. mUlAcAra 9 / 37-39. 2. vahI, 9141-42. 3. vahI, 9 / 46-45. 4. vahI, 9155, 61, 53. 5. vahI, 962, 65-66.

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382 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayanaM rahita hokara upasthita vyAdhi aura rogoM ko dhairyapUrvaka sahanA ujjhana zuddhi hai / isake lie gRhasthAzrama ke samaya jina indriya viSaya bhogoM kA upabhoga kiyA ho evaM vividha ratikrIr3AoM, Rddhi tathA bhojanAdika bhogoM kA upabhoga kiyA ho una sabakA zramaNa jIvana meM kabhI smaraNa taka nahIM karanA cAhie / " 8. vAkya zuddhi : vinayarahita bhASA, dharma virodhI vacanoM evaM laukika kathAoM kA varjana karake kalaha, dveSAdi bhAvayukta bhASaNa na karanA, netroM se saba kucha dekhate hue evaM kAnoM se bahuvidha zabdoM ko sunate hue bhI rahanA vAkyazuddhi hai / isake antargata jIvoM ke santApa ko iha-paraloka hitakArI, dharmamayI, samayopacAra Agama aura vinaya ) yukta tathA jinopadiSTa tattvArthI kI kathAoM kA kathana karate haiM / 3 strI, artha, bhakta, (bhojana) kheTa, ( cAroM ora nadI parvatoM se ghirA huA deza) kavaMTa ( sarvatra parvatoM se ghirA huA deza), rAjA, cora, janapada, nagara, Akara, naTa, bhaTa (yoddhA), malla, mAyAkara, (jAdUgara), jalla, (machalI, pakSI Adi pakar3ane vAle) muSTikA (juAr3I) AryAkula, (durgA Adi kA AmnAya athavA bakarA Adi sabhI pazu pAlaka ) laMdhikA (vastra, bAMsurI Adi meM kuzala ) ityAdi prakAra kI laukika tathA rAga kathAoM meM ve dhIra zramaNa anuraMjita nahIM hote / aura na ina vikathAoM evaM vizrutiyoM (ratnatraya aura tapa ke pratikUla vacanoM) kA kSaNa bhara ke lie bhI hRdaya meM cintana karate haiM / " kautkucca (kaNTha aura hRdaya se avyakta zabda ), kaMdarpAyita (kAmotpAdaka bhASaNa ), hAsya, ullApana ( cAturyapUrNa vividha bhASaNa ), kheDa ( utpAtapUrNa vacana) aura madadarpa ( apane hAtha se dUsare kA hAtha maror3anA arthAt hasta tADana) Adi kriyAyeM muni na svayaM karate haiM, na dUsaroM se karAte haiN| aura aisA karane vAloM kA anumodana bhI nahIM karate / ve to nirvikAra, stimitamati zramaNa apane niyamoM aura vratoM meM dRr3ha pratijJa rahate haiM tathA jina 1 1. mUlAcAra 970, 84, 73-74, 85-86. 2. bahI, 9 / 87-88 / 3. vahI, 9 / 94 / 4. itthikahA atthakahA bhattakahA kheDakavvaDANaM ca / rAyakahA corakahA jaNavadaNayarAyarakahAo // NaDabhaDamallakahAo mAyAkarajalla muTThiyANaM ca / ajjaulalaMghiyANaM kahAsu Na vi rajjae bIrA // vahI, 9 / 89-90. 5. nahI, 9/91. mUka ke samAna dUra karane vAlI,

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zramaNa saMgha : 383 vacanoM (Agama) dvArA pratipAdita arthayukta una kathAoM ko kahate haiM jo ki samayopacAra (pathya) yukta tathA paraloka hitakArI hotI haiM / / 9. tapaH zuddhi : pA~ca mahAvratoM evaM pA~ca samitiyoM ke AcaraNa se yukta, dhIra, pacendriyoM ke viSaya se virakta' zramaNa paMcamagati ( siddhagati ) ke anveSaka tapaH zuddhi ke svAmI hote haiM / 3 ve paMcendriyoM ko rAgabhAva se kabhI ba~dhane nahIM dete apitu jaise tIvra uSNatA ke prabhAva se haldI dvArA raMge gaye vastroM kA raMga naSTa ho jAtA hai / vaise hI sadAcAra ke prabhAva se unakA rAgabhAva naSTa ho jAtA hai 4 kyoMki ve pramAdapUrNa AcaraNoM se sarvathA rahita, saMyama, samiti, dhyAna, yoga, tapa, caraNa aura karaNa-inase yukta tathA pApoM ke zamana meM tatpara rahate haiM / tapaH zuddhi yukta zramaNa nalinI vana kA bhI vinAza karane vAlI atyadhika hemanta Rtu kI ThaNDa aura zarIra para girane vAle himakaNoM ko dhairyapUrvaka sahate haiM / grISma Rtu meM sarvAMga se utpanna mala se malina tathA uSNa kiraNoM se dagdha aMgoM se nizcala kAyotsarga mudrA meM sUrya kI ora mukha karake AtApana yoga karate haiN| varSARtu meM dhArAndhakAra se gahana, ghora garjanA karane vAle tathA pravarSaNazIla meghoM tathA pracaNDa havA kI bAdhA sahana karate hue aharniza mUsalAdhAra varSA meM bhI vRkSa ke mUla meM dhyAnastha rahakara vRkSamUlayoga karate haiM / karmoM ke kSayArtha bAIsa parISahoM kI vedanA tathA mithyAdRSTiyoM dvArA prayukta durjana vacanoM evaM vividha upadravoM ko samatApUrvaka sahate haiN|" 10. dhyAnazuddhi : indriyarUpI azva rAga-dveSa se prerita hokara dharmadhyAna rUpI ratha ko unmArga kI ora na le jAyeM ataH manarUpI lagAma se dRr3ha karanA, rAgadveSa aura moha ko ratnatraya rUpI vRtti se jItakara paMcendriyoM ko vrata aura upavAsoM ke prahAroM se vaza meM karanA tathA nirmala dhyAna rUpa zuddhopayoga meM tatpara honA dhyAnazuddhi hai / jaise vRkSa ko mUla se ukhAr3a dene para punaH utpanna nahIM hotA vaise hI jJAnAvaraNAdi ATha karmoM kI mUlabhUta ina kaSAyoM ko kSamAdi dharmoM ke dvArA kSaya karane se ve punaH utpanna nahIM hotI / ina kaSAyoM kA kSaya hone para tathA AtaM aura raudra dhyAna kA tyAga karake dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna meM niviSTa honA hI dhyAnazuddhi hai| 1. mUlAcAra 9 / 92-94 2. vahI, 9 / 105. 3. vahI, 9 / 196. 4. vahI, 9 / 96. 5. vahI, 9 / 97.101, 103. 6. vahI, 9 / 113-117.

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384 : mulAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana isa prakAra mahAn guNoM se yukta vividha zAstroM ke sArabhUta ye upayukta dasa anagAra bhAvanA ke dasa sUtra haiM / jo udyogazIla saMyata isa caryAvidhAna aura saMyama rAzi ko apane upayoga ko lagAye rakhatA hai vaha jJAna, darzana aura mUlagaNoM kI sampUrNatA ko dhAraNa karake uttama sthAna ko prApta karatA hai|' anagAra ke paryAyavAcI dasa nAma-zramaNa, saMyata, RSi, muni, sAdhu, vItarAgI. anagAra, bhadanta, dAnta aura yati-ye dasa anagAra ke hI paryAyavAcI nAma haiN| inameM se RSi, muni, yati aura anagAra kA svarUpa vivecana cAturvarNya saMgha ke prasaMga meM kiyA jA cukA hai| anagAra ke zeSa nAmoM kA svarUpa varNana prastuta hai zramaNa :-zramaNa zabda bahuta prAcIna aura vyApaka hai / anekoM jainetara zAstroM meM zramaNa zabda se jaina muniyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai|' zramaNa zabda kA artha hai jo zrama arthAt tapazcaraNa karate haiN| samatva kI sAdhanA athavA jo zrama arthAt tapaHsAdhanA karatA hai, tapa se zarIra ko kheda-khinna karatA hai vaha zramaNa hai|' zramaNa zabda kI niSpatti zrama dhAtu se huI hai / zramayati AtmAnaM tapasi asau zramaNaH -isa vigraha ke anusAra jo vyakti apane ko tapa meM lagA de vaha zramaNa hai| vaTakera ne aise muniryoM ko 'udyamazIla' zramaNa kahA hai / aura aisA hI zramaNa yathAvidhi caryA vidhAna dvArA jJAna guNa se saMyukta hotA huA saMyamarAzi ko grahaNa karatA hai aura vahI darzana evaM jJAna se paripUrNa hokara uttamasthAna ( mokSa ) prApta karatA hai| jo AtmA aura paramAtmA ke lie zrama kare vaha zramaNa hai| zrAmyantIti zramaNaH tapasyantItyarthaH-jo apane zrama se tapaHsAdhanA ke mahApatha para bar3hate hue muktilAbha karate haiM unheM zramaNa kahA jAtA hai| pravacanasAra meM kahA hai jo 1, mUlAcAra 9 / 2, 120, 124. 2. samaNotti saMjadotti ya risi muNi sAtti vIdarAgotti / NAmAdi suvihidANaM aNagAra bhadaMta daMdotti // mUlAcAra 9 / 120. 3. Rgveda 10194 / 11, zrImad bhAgavata 12 / 3 18-19, 5 / 3 / 20, vRhadA raNyaka 4 / 3 / 22, taitti0 ArANyaka, 2, 7, , zatapatha brAhmaNa, 14. 7. 1. 22, baudhAyana, zrautasUtra, 16, 30, 4. zrAmyaMti tapasyantIti zramaNA munaya : -mUlAcAravRtti 42. 5. zrAmyati-tapasA khidyata iti kRtvA zramaNo vAcyaH-sUtrakRtAGga 1116,1, A0 zIlAMkakRta TIkApatra 263. 6. mUlAcAra 9 / 122, 124. 7. dazavai0 hAribhadrIya TokA patra 68.

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.... , zramaNa saMgha : 385 zatru aura bandhu-bAndhavoM meM samAna hai| niMdA aura prazaMsA meM samAna hai| pASANa aura svarNa meM samAna haiM tathA jIvana aura maraNa meM samAna hai vahI zramaNa hai|' jo samasta prANiyoM ke prati samabhAva rakhatA hai vaha vAstava meM zramaNa hai| A0 kundakunda ne kahA hai-Naccadi gAyadi na so samo-jo nAcane-gAne arthAt sAMsarika Ananda bhoga Adi kriyAoM meM ramA rahatA hai vaha zramaNa nahIM ho sktaa|' inhoMne bhAva prAbhRta meM kahA hai "bhAveNa ya NimmamA samaNA" arthAt zramaNa bhAva se nirmama hotA hai| jisakA manoyoga zubha ho vaha zramaNa-samaNa-sumana-prazasta mana vAlA kahalAtA / zramaNa zabda jaina muni kI kaThora tapasyA kA pratIka mAnA gayA hai|" nayacakra meM cAritra ke antargata zramaNa kA lakSaNa kahA hai ki jo darzana-vizuddhi, mUla evaM uttaraguNoM se saMyukta, sukha-dukha meM samabhAva rakhane vAlA tathA AtmadhyAna meM lIna rahane vAlA zramaNa kahalAtA hai / cAritra kI dRSTi se zramaNa ke sarAga cAritra aura vItarAga cAritra ye do bheda hai / azubha rAga se rahita, vratAdika zubharAga se saMyukta zramaNa sarAga cAritraghArI aura azubha tathA zubha donoM prakAra ke rAga se rahita zramaNa vItarAga cAritraghArI kahalAtA hai| zramaNa jIvana meM vairAgya kI mahattA :-zramaNa binA vairAgya dhAraNa kiye banA hI nahIM jA sakatA kyoMki isa jIvana meM vairAgya ko mukhya bhUmikA aura mahattA hotI hai / rAgAdi bhAvoM se mukta, zarIra saMskAra evaM bhogAdi sAMsArika viSayoM se virakta honA vairAgya hai / dhairya aura vairAgya meM tatpara zramaNa alpa (sphuTa) sAmAyika Adi svarUpa kA samyak avadhAraNa karake arthAt sAmAyikAdi kA thor3A sA svarUpa par3hakara bhI karmakSaya kara sakate haiM, kintu saba zAstra par3hakara bhI vairAgyahIna zramaNa karmakSaya karane meM samartha nahIM ho sktaa|' yathArtha cAritra kA pAlana karane vAlA thor3A zikSita (alpajJa) zramaNa bhI bahuzruta kintu 1. samasattubaMdhuvaggo samasuhadukkho psNsnnidsmo| samaloThThakaMcaNo puNa jIvidamaraNe samo samaNo / pravacanasAra 3 / 41. 2. same ya je savva pANabhUyesu, se hu samaNe-prazna vyAkaraNa / 215. 3. liGga pAhuDa 4-21. 4. bhAva pAhuDa 105. 5ka. zrAmyaMtIti zramaNAH tapasyantItyarthaH-dazavai hAribhadrIya vRtti 1 / 3. patra 68. kha. zrAmyantyAtmAnaM tapobhiriti zramaNAH-mUlAcAravRtti 9 / 120. 6. nayacakra 330. 7. nayacakra 331. . 8. mUlAcAra sahita vRtti 10 // 3.

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386 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana caritrahIna zramaNa se zreSTha mAnA gayA hai / " vastutaH antaraMga meM vairAgya utpanna hone aura bahuta samaya se dIkSita hone meM koI vizeSa sambandha nahIM hai / kyoMki dIkSita hone meM varSa gaNanA nahIM karanA caahie| mukti ke kAraNa meM varSoM kI ginatI ( bahuta kAla se dIkSita honA) kisI kAma kI nahIM / kyoMki bahuta se muni to tIna rAtri mAtra tathA kucha antarmuhUrta mAtra meM hI vairAgya-parAyaNa hokara siddha gati prApta kara lete haiM / rayaNasAra meM ThIka hI kahA hai ki vairAgya ke binA sahI arthoM meM tyAga ho hI nahIM sakatA / vairAgyapUrvaka samyak cAritrAcaraNa sArthaka mAnA jAtA hai / isakI prApti ke nimna sUtra haiM-- kRt, kArita aura anumati rahita bhikSAgrahaNa, araNyavAsa, pramANayukta svalpAhAra, bahuta na bolanA, duHkhasahana karanA, nidrA jItanA, maitrIbhAva aura vairAgya ko acche mana se dhAraNa karanA, avyavahArI (lokavyavahAra rahita ) honA, ekatva bhAvanA aura dhyAna meM mana ekAgra rakhanA, Arambha, kaSAya, parigraha - inase rahita honA tathA apramattabhAva se kisI kA saMga na karanA 4 - ye sUtra samasta pravacana ke sArabhUta tathA vairAgya rUpa samaya ( AtmA ) ke sAra haiM / " jo bhAva ( antaraMga ) se virakta hotA hai vahI saccA virakta hai / isIlie AcArya kundakunda ne kahA bhI hai ki jo sAdhu vairAgya meM tatpara hotA hai vaha paradravya se parAGmukha rahatA hai aura jo sAdhu saMsAra sukha se virakta rahatA hai vaha svakIya zuddha sukha meM anurakta hotA hai / 6 isa prakAra zrAmaNya ko saccI saphalatA nirantara vairAgya ko bar3hAte hue mokSa prApta karane meM hai / kyoMki zrAmaNya kA AcaraNa karate hue bhI jisakI kaSAyeM utkaTa hotI haiM, usakA zrAmaNya ganne ( ikSa) ke puSpa kI taraha niSphala mAnanA cAhie / ataH 'maiM bahuta varSoM se dIkSita hU~' - isa taraha varSoM kI gaNanA mata karo kyoMki yahA~ varSaM nahIM gine jAte / varSoM kI gaNanA mukti kA kAraNa nahIM hai / - 1. mUlAcAra 106. 2. mA hoha vAsagaNaNA Na tattha vAsANi parigaNijjaMti / bahavo tirattavatthA siddhA dhIrA viraggaparA samaNA / mUlAcAra 10 / 74. vAriA bhaNidA - rayaNasAra 71. 3. No cAgo veragga viNA 4. malAcAra 1014- 5. 3. sarvasya pravacanasya sArabhUtametaditi - mUlAcAra vRtti 10 / 4. 6. veraggaparo sAhU paradavvaparammuho ya so hodi / saMsArasuhaviratto sagasuddhasuhesu aNuratto // mokkhapAhuDa 101. 7. sAmannamaNu caraMtassa kasAyA jassa ukkaDA huMti / mannAmi ucchukupphaM va niSphalaM tassa sAmannaM // caMdagavejjhaM gAthA 142.

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zramaNa saMgha : 387 zramaNa ke prakAra :-nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva-ina cAra nikSepoM kI apekSA se zramaNa cAra prakAra ke batAye gaye haiN| kisI vastu kA "zramaNa' yaha nAma rakhanA nAmazramaNa hai / kASTha, dhAtu Adi se zramaNa kI AkRti banAkara usameM zramaNatva kI sthApanA karanA sthApanA zramaNa hai / guNarahita zramaNaveza dhAraNa karanA dravya zramaNa hai| tathA mUlaguNa evaM uttaraguNa ke pAlana meM tatpara rahanA bhAvazramaNa hai / ina cAroM meM bhAvazramaNa hI sacce zramaNa hai, kyoMki ye hI bAhya aura Abhyantara donoM prakAra ke parigrahoM se rahita nirArambhI tathA bhAva se susaMyata hote haiN| ___buddhi ke cAra bheda haiM-padAnusArI buddhi, bIjabuddhi, saMbhinnabuddhi aura koSThabuddhi / buddhi ke ina bhedoM ke AdhAra para zramaNa ke bhI cAra bheda hai 1. padAnusArobuddhi zramaNa-dvAdazAMga aura caudaha pUrvI meM se eka pada prApta karake usake anusaraNa se saMpUrNa zruta jAnane vAle zramaNa / 2. bIjabuddhi zramaNa-sampUrNa zruta meM se eka bIja-pradhAna akSarAdi ke mAdhyama se sampUrNa zruta jAnane vAle zramaNa / 3. saMbhinnabuddhi zramaNa-jisake samakSa kisI ke dvArA kucha bhI par3hA yA kahA jAya vaha saba pUrA kA pUrA usI taraha grahaNa karake kaha dene vAlA zramaNa / cAhe cakravartI ke bar3e sainya ke bIca koI vRtta-AryA, mAtrA, zloka, dvipada, daMDakAdika par3hA jAye yA gAyanAdika gAyA jAya, athavA yadi vahA~ ghor3A, baila, hAthI Adi ke jaise zabda hoMge athavA jahA~ kahIM bhI jaise zabda sunegA una sabako vaisA hI kahane vAlA saMbhinna buddhi vAlA kahalAtA hai / 4. koSThabudidha zramaNa-jaise annAgAra meM saMkara-vyatikara rahita vibhinna prakAra ke dhAnyAdi bIja bahuta kAla taka rakhe rahane para bhI naSTa nahIM hote, aura na nyUnAdhika hote haiM, vaise hI jisakA varNa-pada-vAkya rUpa zrutajJAna bahuta kAla jotane para bhI na naSTa hotA hai aura na nyUnAdhika hotA hai apitu sampUrNa hI banA rahatA hai vaha koSThabuddhi zramaNa hai / 1. NAmeNa jahA samaNo ThAvaNie taha ya damvabhAveNa / Nikkhevo vIha tahA caduviho hoi gAyavyo / mUlAcAra 10 / 110. 2. vahI vRtti 10 / 110. 3. guNa rahita liMga-grahaNaM dravyazramaNo, mUlaguNottaraguNAnuSThAnapravaNabhAvo bhAva zramaNaH -mUlAcAra vRtti 101110. 4. vahI 101111. ra

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388 : mUlAcAra kA samokSAtmaka adhyayana upayukta zramaNa dhAraNa aura grahaNa meM samartha, sampUrNa zrutajJAna ke paramArtha ko jAnanevAle, avadhi aura manaHparyayajJAnI, sAta RddhiyoM se sampanna tathA dhora saMyata :-anagAra ke paryAyavAcI meM 'saMyata' vizeSaNa kA bahutAyata prayoga jaina sAhitya meM milatA hai / kaSAya rahita honA cAritra hai isa dRSTi se jisa samaya jIva upazAnta (vrata meM sthita tathA kaSAyarahita) ho jAtA hai usI samaya vaha 'saMyata (cAritrayukta) ho jAtA hai tathA kaSAya ke vazIbhUta jova asaMyata ho jAtA hai / ataH cAritrAdi anuSThAna meM niSTha rahane vAlA saMyata kahalAtA hai / dhavalA ke anusAra 'sam' arthAt samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna ke anusAra jo bahiraMga tathA aMtaraMga AsravoM se virata hai unheM saMyata kahate haiM / saMyata do prakAra ke hote haiM-pramatta aura apramatta / sabhI mUlaguNoM aura zIloM (uttaraguNoM) se yukta arthAt mahAvratI hote hue bhI jo vyakta aura avyakta pramAda pUrvaka rahatA hai ata: citrala AcAravAlA hone se vaha pramattasaMyata kahalAtA hai| tathA jo vyakta-avyakta sabhI pramAdoM se rahita mahAvrata, mUlaguNa aura uttaraguNa se maNDita, sva-para ke jJAna se yukta aura kaSAyoM kA anupazAmaka (akSapaka) hote hue bhI dhyAna meM nirantara lona rahane vAlA saMyata apramatta-saMyata kahalAtA hai / " saMyata ko virata bhI kahA jAtA hai| ___ sAdhu :-nirvANa (mokSa) prApti karAne vAle mUlaguNAdika evaM tapazcaraNAdi yogoM ko jo sAdhu sarvakAla apanI AtmA se jor3e arthAt AtmA ko unase yukta kare aura sabhI jIvoM para samatA bhAva rakhe vaha sAdhu kahalAtA hai / SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM kahA hai ki jo anaMta jJAnAdi rUpa zuddha AtmA ke svarUpa kI sAdhanA karate haiM unheM sAdhu kahate haiN| jo pAMca mahAvratoM ko dhAraNa karate haiM1. dhAraNagahaNasamatthA padANusAroya bIyabuddhIya / saMbhiNNakoTThabuddhI suyasAgarapArayA dhIrA // mUlAcAra 9 / 65-66 vRttisahita 2. akasAyaM tu cArittaM kasAyavasio asaMjado hodi / uvasamadi jamhi kAle takkAle saMjado hodi / / mUlAcAra 1091 3. saMyataM caritrAdyanuSThAnatanniSTham / mUlAcAra vRtti 7 / 98. 4. dhavalA 111, 1, 123 pR0 369. 5. pacasaMgraha gAthA 1114. 6. vahI, 1 / 16. 7. NivvANasAdhae joge sadA juMjaMti sAghavo / samA savvesu bhUdesu tahmA te savvasAdhavo // mUlAcAra 711.

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zramaNa saMgha : 389 tIna guptiyoM se surakSita hai, aTThAraha hajAra zIla ke bhedoM ko dhAraNa karate haiM aura caurAsI lAkha uttaragaNoM kA pAlana karate haiM, ve sAdhu parameSThI kahalAte haiN|' jo samyak darzana-jJAna-cAritra ke yoga se jo apavarga (mokSa) ko sAdhate haiM ve sAdhu kahalAte haiM / 2 dravyasaMgraha ke anusAra jo darzana evaM jJAna se samagra (pUrNa) mokSa ke mArga svarUpa evaM nitya zuddha cAritra kI sAdhanA karate haiM, ve sAdhu haiM / niyamasAra meM kahA hai jo bAhya vyApAroM se mukta hai, darzana, jJAna, cAritra aura tapa rUpa cAra ArAdhanAoM meM sadA lIna rahate haiM, ve parigraharahita evaM nirmohI sAdhu haiN| mUlAcAra ke anusAra bhikSA, vAkya, hRdaya zuddhi arthAt AhAra, vacana aura mana-inakI zuddhiyoM se yukta, nitya cAritra meM susthita ko jinazAsana meM sAdhu kahA hai| kyoMki parigraha aura kalatra ina donoM ke tyAga se sAdhu zIghra hI siddhi prApta kara letA hai|' pravacanasAra meM kahA hai ki sAdhu AgamacakSu hai arthAt sAdhu AgamacakSu se nirakhakara apanI caryA karate haiN| ataH Agama jJAna kI mahimA ko jAnakara zramaNa ko saba kucha AgamacakSu se hI dekhanA caahie| jJAnarUpI netra ko prApta karane vAle sAdhu jJAna prakAza se sarvaloka ke sArabhUta paramArtha (AtmasvarUpa) ke jJAtA-dRSTA hote haiM / ni zaMkita, nivicikitsA aura Atmabala ke anukUla parAkrama (utsAha) ko dhAraNa karate haiN|' tapta lohe se utpanna cinagAriyoM ke sadRza durjanoM ke vacanoM tathA paizUnya (doSAropaNAdi) rUpa zastra prahAroM ko sahana karate hue kSamAguNa kI mahattA ko jAnane vAle ve sAdhu maharSi kisI para krodha nahIM karate / dhavalA TIkA meM sAdhu ke mahAn vyaktitva ke sambandha meM kahA hai ki sAdhu siMha ke samAna parAkramI, gaja ke samAna svAbhimAnI yA unnata, baila ke samAna bhadraprakRti, mRga ke samAna sarala, pazu ke samAna nirIha 1. SaTkhaNDAgama dhavalA TokA 13111 prathama pustaka pRSTha 52. 2. sAdhayanti samyagdarzanAdiyogairapavamiti sAdhavaH / -dazavakAlika niyukti gAthA 146. 3. dravya saMgraha 54. 4. niyamasAra 75. 5. ""sodhiya jo caradi Nicca so sAhu / mUlAcAra 10 // 113. 6. mUlAcAra 101115. 7. AgamacakkhU sAhU-pravacanasAra tAtparyavRtti 234. 8. mUlAcAra 9 / 62. 9. vahI 9 / 101.

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390 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana gocarI vRtti karane vAle, pavana ke samAna niHsaMga yA saba jagaha binA rukAvaTa ke vicaranevAle, sUrya ke samAna tejasvI yA sakala tattvoM ke prakAzaka, udadhi arthAt sAgara ke samAna gambhIra, mandarAcala arthAt sumeru-parvata ke samAna paroSaha aura upasargoM ke Ane para akampa aura aDola rahanevAle, candramA ke samAna zAntidAyaka, maNi ke samAna prabhApuMjayukta, kSiti ke samAna sarva prakAra ko bAdhAoM ko sahanevAle, uraga arthAt sarpa ke samAna dUsare ke banAye hue aniyata AzrayavasatikA Adi meM Thaharane vAle, ambara arthAt AkAza ke samAna nirAlambI yA nirlepa aura sadAkAla paramapada arthAt mokSa kA anveSaNa karane vAle sAdhu , hote haiN|' saMkSepa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jo ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha-ina pAMcoM meM sakala duHkha kSaya ke lie prayatna karate haiM ve sAdhu kahalAte haiN| jaise bANa banAne vAlA puruSa netroM ko kiJcita banda karake dekhakara bANa ko sIdhA aura sarala banAtA hai vaise hI mana ko ekAgra karake sAdhu ko Atmatattva kA cintana karanA cAhie / 3 / / vItarAgaH-jinakA rAgabhAva vinaSTa ho cukA hai unheM vItarAga kahate haiM / bhavantaH-sarva kalyANoM ko prApta muni bhadanta kahalAte haiM / bAntaH-pA~ca indriyoM kA nigraha karane vAlA dAnta hai| anagAra ke upayukta paryAyavAcI nAmoM ke atirikta bhI jaina aura bainetara sAhitya meM bhikSu, yogI, nirgrantha, kSapaNaka, mAhaNa, nizcela, digvAsa, vAtavasana, vivasana, Arya tathA akaccha ( laMgoTI rahita ) Adi zabda bhI jaina muni ko lakSya karake vyavahRta hue milate haiN| 1. sIha-gaya-vasaha-miya-pasu-mAruda-suruvahi-maMdariMdu-maNI / khidi-uragaMbara-sarisA parama-paya-vimaggayA sAha / / -dhavalA TIkA 1311 gAthA 33 pR0 5.. 2. dazavai0 bhASya gAthA 1, dazavai0 hAribhadrIya TIkA patra 63. 3. mUla cAra 10182. 4. (ka) voto vinaSTo rAgo yeSAM te vItarAgAH-mUlAcAra vRtti 9 / 120. (kha) vIto'pagato rAgaH saMkleza pariNAmo yasmAdasau viitraagH| ___ la. sAra 304. jI0 prarupaNA, pRSTha 384, 5. bhadaMtA:sarvakalyANAni prAptavaMtaH-mUlAcAra vRtti 9 / 120. 6. dAntA : paMcendriyANAM nigrhpraa:-vhii| 7. bha0 mahAvIra aura unakA tatvadarzana (sampA0 A0 dezabhUSaNa) 50 666 673.

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zramaNa saMgha : 391 dazavakAlika niyuktikAra ne bhI zramaNa ke unnIsa paryAyavAcI nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai-pravrajita, anagAra, pAkhaNDI, caraka, tApasa, paribAjaka, samaya, nirgrantha, saMyata, mukta,. tIrNa, trAtA, dravya, muni, kSAnta, dAnta, virata, rukSa tathA tIrArthI / ' zramaNa ke ina nAmoM se jJAta hotA hai ki niyuktikAra bhadrabAha dvitIya (vikrama kI 5-6 vIM zatI) ne apane samaya meM pracalita prAyaH sabhI paramparAoM ke sAdhuoM ke nAmoM ko zramaNa zabda kA paryAyavAcI mAnakara ullikhita kiyA hai / inake atirikta vibhinna prasaMgoM meM mUlAcArakAra ne zramaNa ko jina zabdoM se vyavahRta kiyA hai unakA svarUpa prastuta hai bhikSu-mUlAcAra meM aneka sthaloM para zramaNa ke lie 'bhikSu' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| jo vinaya se yukta muni svAdhyAya karate hue, paMcendriyoM ke viSaya se rahita hokara mana, vacana aura kAya-ina tIna guptiyoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai tathA ekAgramana se zAstrArtha meM saMlagna rahatA hai vaha bhikSu kahalAtA hai| jo zAstra kI nIti va maryAdAnusAra tapaHsAdhanA karatA huA karma-baMdhanoM kA bhedana karatA hai, vaha bhI bhikSu hai| jo mana kI bhUkha arthAt tRSNA evaM Asakti kA bhedana karatA hai vaha bhAva rUpa bhikSu hai / dazavakAlika meM kahA hai-jo muni vastrAdi upadhi meM mUcchita nahIM hai, agRddha hai, ajJAta kuloM se bhikSA kI eSaNA karane vAlA hai, saMyama ko asAra karane vAle doSoM se rahita hai, kraya-vikraya aura sannidhi se virata tathA sarva saMgoM (parigrahoM) se rahita (nilepa) haiM-vaha bhikSu hai / 1. pavvaie aNagAre pAsaMDe caraga tAvase bhikhkhU / parivAiye ya samaNe Nirgathe saMjae mutte // tinne tAI davie muNI ya khate daMta virae ya / luhe tIraTheviya havaMti samaNassa nAmAI // -dazavai0 niyukti gAthA 158-159. 2. mUlAcAra 5 / 213, 7.39, 10 / 20, 57, 58, 123, 124. 3. sajjhAyaM kumvaMto paMcendiyasaMvuDo tigutto ya / havadi ya eaggamaNo viNaeNa samAhi o bhikkhU // -mUlAcAra 5 / 213, 1078. 4. yaH zAstranItyA tapasA karma bhinatti sa bhikSuH / -dazava0 hAribhadrIya vRtti a0 10. 5. uttarAdhyayana niyukti gAthA 375. 6. uvahimmi amucchie agiddhe annAyauMchaMpula nippulAe / kayavikkayasannihiyo virae savvasaMgAvayae ya jesa bhikkhU / / dazavai0 10 / 16.

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392 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana AcArAMga meM bhikSa ko nimnalikhita bAtoM kA jJAtA mAnA hai-1. kAlabhikSA Adi ke kAla ko jAnane vAlA, 2. balajJa-bhikSATana Adi kI zakti ko jAnane vAlA, 3. mAtrajJa-AhArAdi grAhya vastu kI mAtrA ko jAnane vAlA, 4. kSetrajJa-bhikSAcaryA yogyAyogya kSetra ko jAnane vAlA, 5. kSaNa-kSaNa arthAt ucita samaya yA avasara ko jAnane vAlA, 6. vinayajJa-bhikSAcaryA kI AcAra saMhitA ko jAnane vAlA athavA darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa aura aupacArika-ina pAMca prakAra kI vinaya ko jAnane vAlA, 7. samayajJa-apane aura dUsaroM ke siddhAnta ko jAnane vAlA, 8. bhAvajJa-dAtA aura zrotA Adi ke priyaapriya ke bhAva arthAt abhiprAya ko samajhane vAlA, 9. parigraha para mamattva nahIM karane vAlA, 10. ucita samaya para anuSThAna karane vAlA tathA 11. apratijJa (bhojana ke prati saMkalpa-vikalpa rhit)|' sUtrakRtAGga meM bhikSu ke caudaha paryAyavAcI zabda ullikhita haiM-samaNa (zramaNa), mAhaNa, kSAnta, dAnta, gupta, mukta, RSi, muni, kRtI, (paramArtha paNDita), vidvAn, bhikSu, rUkSa, tIrArthI tathA caraNakaraNa-pAravid / yogI-isa zabda kA prayoga bhI kucha sthaloM para milatA hai| jJAnasAra ke anusAra jisane kandarpa aura dapaM kA dalana kiyA hai, jo dambha tathA kAma vyApAra se rahita hai jisakA zarIra ugratapa se dIpta hai, paramArthataH use hI yogI kahate haiN| mUlAcAra meM kahA hai jaise girirAja (sumeru parvata) pUrva, pazcima, uttara aura dakSiNa se bahane vAlI havAoM se bhI calAyamAna nahIM hotA usI prakAra upasarga Adi ke samaya yogI bhI avicalita rUpa se abhIkSNa (nirantara) dhyAna (samAdhi) ko dhyAte haiM / dhyAtA (yogI) do prakAra ke hote haiN| zuddhAtma bhAvanA kI prArambhika tathA sUkSma savikalpa avasthA meM jo sthita haiM ve 'prArabdha yogI' tathA nirvikalpa avasthA meM sthita 'niSpanna yogI' kahalAte haiN| 1. AcArAMga prathamazrutaskandha, dvitIya adhyayana, paMcama uddezyaka sUtra 110, (AyAro pR0 92.) 2. sUtrakRtAGga 2. 1. 15. 3. mUlAcAra 9 / 118, 10, 40. 4. jJAnasAra, zloka 4. 5. jaha Na calai girirAjo avarUttarapunvadakkhiNe vaae| evamacalido jogI abhikkhaNaM jhAyade jhANaM // mUlAcAra 101118. 6. paJcAstikAyavRtti 173 pRSTha 254.

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. . zramaNa saMgha : 393 muNDa : muNDa RSi kA paryAyavAco hai|' muNDana zabda 'khaNDana' karanA arthAt pAMcoM indriyoM ke viSayoM-sva-vyApAra se nivarta (alaga) hone ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai| isa dRSTi se mUlAvAra meM pA~ca indriya muNDana tathA vacana, zarIra, hasta, pAda evaM mana-ye pA~ca muNDana-isa taraha dasa prakAra ke muNDana batalAye haiN| ina dasa muNDavArI ko RSi kahA gayA hai| nirgrantha : nigrantha zabda jaina zramaNoM ke lie prayukta prAcInatama aura Agamika nAma hai / zaurasenI aura ardhamAgadhI sAhitya meM nigrantha zabda kA adhikAdhika prayoga milatA hai / sUtrakRtAMga ke anusAra jo rAga-dveSa rahita hone ke kAraNa akelA hai, buddha hai, nirAzrava hai, saMyata hai, samitiyoM se yukta hai, susamAhita hai, AtmavAda ko jAnane vAlA hai, vidvAn hai, bAhya aura Abhyantara-donoM prakAra se jisake srota chinna ho gae haiM, jo pUjA, satkAra aura lAbha kA arthI nahIM hai kevala dharmArthI hai, dharmavid hai, mokSa-mArga ko ora cala par3A hai, sAmya kA AcaraNa karatA hai, dAnta hai, bandhanamukta hone yogya hai aura nirmama hai-vaha nirgrantha kahalAtA hai / 'grantha' kA artha gAMTha rUpa parigraha hai / jo rAga-dveSa rUpa Antarika tathA dhana-dhAnyAdi rUpa bAhya parigraha se sarvathA mukta hotA hai vaha nigrantha arthAt ATha karma evaM mithyAtva, avirati aura azubhayoga-ina saba granthoM (gAMThoM) ko jItane vAlA tathA saralabhAva se prayatna karane vAlA nirgrantha kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra samyagdRSTi hone ke sAtha hI sAtha bAhya aura Abhyantara parigraha ke tyAgI nigrantha kahalAte haiN| bauddha sAhitya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke lie 'niggaye nAyaputte' zabda se sambodhita karate hue nirgranya zabda sUcita kiyA hai| nirgrantha ke bheda : cAritra pariNAma ko hAni-vRddhi kI apekSA se tathA sAdhanAtmaka yogyatA ke AdhAra para nintha ke nimna pAMca bheda haiM - 1. muNDAnAmRSINAM-mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 176. 2. muNDanaM khaNDanaM svavyApArAnnivartanaM 4 / 121. 3. paMcavi iMdiyamuNDA vacamuMDA hatthapAyamaNamuDA / taNumuDeNa vi sahiyA dasa muMDA vaNiyA samae // mUlAcAra 3 / 121. 4. sUtrakRtAMga 111666. 5. (ka) niggaMthANaM ti vippamukkattA nirUvijjati-dazava0 agastya0 cUNi pR. 59. (kha) prazamarati prakaraNa (umAsvAti) 142. (ga) nirgato granthAda nigranthaH-hAribhadrIya dazavai0 vRtti, dazama adhyayana. 6. pAli dIghanikAya, sAmaJaphalasutta. "7. sthAnAGga sUtra 5 / 3 / 445, tattvArthasUtra 946.. ..

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394 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (1) pulAka-uttaraguNoM kI bhAvanA rahita ye nigrantha kisI kSetra-kAla ke Azraya se mUlaguNoM meM kadAcit doSa utpanna hone se paripUrNatA prApta nahIM kara pAte / ye sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanA cAritra ke dhAraka aura pota, padma tathA zukla-ina tIna zubha lezyAoM se yukta hote haiM / ye marakara bArahaveM svarga taka jAte haiN| (2) bakuza-ye mUlaguNoM kI dRSTi se nirdoSa kintu vItarAgatA sUcaka upakaraNoM, ziSyoM evaM zarIra se mamatvayukta hote haiN| inako chahoM lezyAyeM hotI haiM / inakA cAritra citravarNa hotA hai / sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanA cAritrayukta hote haiN| cAratra ko dRSTi se ye pulAka se zreSTha haiM isIlie ye marakara adhika se adhika solahaveM svarga taka jAte haiN| (3) kuzIla-pratisevanA kuzIla aura kaSAya kuzIla-ye kuzIla nigrantha. ke do bheda hai / prathama jinake mUlaguNa aura uttaraguNa donoM pUrNa haiM kintu kabhI uttaraguNoM meM doSa laga jAte haiN| inameM sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanA cAritra hotA hai / pAMca samiti, tIna guptiyA~ tathA chahoM lezyAyeM hotI hai / ye bhI marakara solahaveM svarga taka jAte haiM / tathA kaSAya kuzIla se tAtparya jinhoMne anya kaSAyoM ke udaya ko roka liyA hai kintu saMjvalana kaSAya ko nahIM roka pAye hai / vaise ye pramAdarahita, parihAravizuddhi aura sUkSmasAmparAyaghArI hote haiN| parihAra vizuddhi saMyamI nintha meM kApota, pIta, padma aura zukla lezyAyeM tathA sUkSmasAmparAya saMyamo ko kevala eka zukla lezyA hotI hai / ye marakara sarvArthasiddhi taka jAte haiN| (4) nirgrantha-jinakI moha aura kaSAya kI pranthiyA~ kSINa ho cukI hai| arthAt jala kI lakIra ke sadRza antamuhUrta ke bAda hI jinheM kevalajJAna prakaTa hone vAlA hai| inameM mohanIya karma kA to udaya nahIM hotA, para zeSa ghAtiyA karma kA udaya hotA hai / ye yathAkhyAta-saMyama ke dhArI tathA zukla lezyA yukta hote hai / ye marakara sarvArthasiddhi paryanta jAte haiM / (5) snAtaka-jinake samagra ghatiyAkarma kA kSaya ho cukA hai / sayogakevalI tathA ayogakevalI-ye inake do bheda haiN| ye yathAkhyAtasaMyama ke dhArI tathA zukla, lezyAyukta hote haiM / inheM niyama se mukti prApta hotI hai| upayukta pAMca prakAra ke nirgrantha sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke dharmazAsana meM hote haiN| cAritragaNa ke kramika vikAsa aura kramaprakarSa kI dRSTi se upayukta pAMca nirgranthoM kI gaNanA kI hai kintu cAritra rUpa pariNAmoM kI nyUnAdhikatA ke kAraNa bheda

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zramaNa saMgha : 395 hone para bhI naigama aura saMgraha Adi dravyArthika nayoM kI apekSA upayukta sabhI nirgrantha kahalAte haiM / samyagdarzana aura nagnatva kI apekSA ye saba samAna haiM / isa prakAra zramaNa, saMyata Adi anagAra ke dasa paryAyavAcI nAmoM kI dRSTi se yaha alaga-alaga vivecana yahA~ kiyA gayA / tattvArthasUtra meM vaiyAvRttya ke dasa bhedoM ke AdhAra para bhI sAdhuoM ke AcArya, upAdhyAya, tapasvI, zaikSa, glAna, gaNa, kula, saMgha, sAdhu, aura manojJa - ina bhedoM kI gaNanA kI hai| inameM jisake nimitta se vratoM kA AcaraNa karate haiM vaha AcArya kahalAtA hai / mokSa ke lie pAsa jAkara jisase zAstra par3hate haiM vaha upAdhyAya hai / mAsopavAsa Adi tapoM kA anuSThAna karane vAlA tapasvI kahalAtA hai / zrutajJAna ke zikSaNa meM tatpara aura satat vratabhAvanA meM nipuNa zaikSa hai| jinakA zarIra rogAkrAnta hai. vaha glAna kahalAtA hai / sthavira sAdhuoM kI paramparA ko gaNa kahate haiM / dIkSA dene vAle AcArya kI ziSya paramparA ko kula kahate haiM / cAra prakAra ke (cAtuvarNya) muniyoM ke samUha ko saMgha kahate haiM / jisa zramaNa ko dIkSA liye bahuta samaya bIta gayA hai use sAdhu kahate haiM / tathA loka mAnya ( sammata) sAdhu ko arthAt loka meM jo vidvAn, vAgmo, mahAkulIna Adi rUpa meM prasiddha ho vaha manojJa. 1) kahalAtA hai / aise logoM kA saMgha meM rahanA pravacanagaurava kA kAraNa hotA hai athavA saMskAra sahita, susaMskRta asaMyata samyagdRSTi ko bhI manAjJa kahate haiM / 2 Agantuka zramaNaH - ve atithi zramaNa Agantuka kahalAte haiM jo ucca jJAna prApti ke lie athavA sallekhanArtha athavA vizeSa sAdhanA Adi ke nimitta apane guru, gaNAcArya athavA saMgha Adi se savidhi AjJA lekara usa vidhi ke vizeSajJa dUsare AcArya ke saMgha yA gaNa meM jAte haiM / aise zramaNa dUsare gaNa ke AcArya aura unake zramaNoM ke lie Agantuka ( atithi) zramaNa haiM / vasunandi ke. anusAra saMyama, tapa, jJAna aura dhyAna yukta jo sAdhu vihAra karate hue A rahe haiM. ve Agantuka haiM / aise hI sAdhu yadi kahIM Thahare hue haiM to ve vAstavya kahalAte hai| mUlAcAra meM aise hI Agantuka zramaNa kA vizada vivecana AcArya vaTTakera ne. prastuta kiyA hai / isase gaNastha ( vAstavya ) zramaNa aura AcArya tathA Agantuka zramaNa- - ina sabake pArasparika karttavya tathA vyavahAra Adi se sambandhita acchI. jAnakArI prApta hotI hai / 1. AcAryopAdhyAyatapasvi zaikSyaglAnagaNakulasaMgha sAdhumanojJAnAm-tattvArthasUtra 9 / 24... 2. tattvArtha vArtika 9 / 2413-14, sarvArthasiddhi 9 / 24 / 866, ana0 barmA0 7178. 3. pAdoSNavAstavyAnAM AgantukasvasthAnasthitAnAm / - mUlAcAra vRtti sahita, 4141.

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396 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - uddezya-prAcIna kAla se ho zramaNa saMgha kI yaha vizeSatA rahI hai ki ucca jJAna prApti ke lie tathA vizeSa sAdhanA Adi ke lie eka gaNa se dUsare gaNa meM zramaNoM kA AvAgamana hotA rahA hai / eka gaNa ke AcArya aura zramaNa dUsare gaNa se AjJApUrvaka Aye Agantuka zramaNa ko pUre Adara-satkAra evaM udAratApUrvaka apane gaNa meM lakSyapUrti taka rahane dete the, kintu gaNa meM Ane ke bAda sarvaprathama kucha samaya -taka usake zuddhAcaraNa kI parIkSA lete the| tabhI use svIkAra karate aura jJAna, "sAdhanA Adi ke lakSya prApti meM use pUrA sahayoga dete the| vidhi-koI sarvasamartha zramaNa jaba apane guru ke sampUrNa zruta ko par3ha cukatA hai aura jaba use AtmotkarSa ke lie vizeSa sAdhanA karane yA vividha samyak zAstroM kA ucca jJAna prApta karane kI tIvra pipAsA jAgrata ho taba dhoratA, vIratA, vidyA, bala aura utsAha Adi sabhI guNoM se yukta sAdhu apane guru / ke pAsa Akara, vinayapUrvaka, mana-vacana-kAyapUrvaka praNAma karake prayatna pUrvaka unase anya saMgha meM jAne kI AjJA mAMgatA huA kahatA hai-"he guro ! Apake caraNoM kI kRpA se aba maiM anya Ayatana (jJAnopayukta AcArya) ko prApta karanA cAhatA huuN|" isa prakAra vaha isa vaSaya meM eka bAra hI nahIM, tIna, pA~ca athavA chaha bAra taka pUchatA hai| kyoMki bAra-bAra pUchane se viziSTa jJAna prApta karane meM apanA utsAha tathA AcArya ke prati vizeSa vinaya prakaTa hotA hai / vaha muni apane pUjya guru se pUchakara aura AjJA prAptakara apane sahita cAra, tIna athavA do muni sAtha lekara vahA~ se vihAra karatA hai| akele jAnA ucita nahIM hotA / ' . jaina zramaNa paramparA meM saMyamI jIvana kA sAra evaM antima lakSya hotA hai samAdhimaraNa (sallekhanA) pUrvaka maraNa kI praapti| kyoMki samasta durlabha padArthoM se durlabhatama saMyama hai, usakI saphalatA samAdhimaraNa ke ArAdhana se hotI hai / ataH jaba zramaNa apane saMyamI jIvana ke anta meM dekhatA hai ki indriyA~ zithila ho gaI haiM aura jIvana kA anta nikaTa hai taba vaha samAdhimaraNa grahaNa kI icchA apane AcArya se vyakta karatA hai aura apane gaNa meM isa icchA kI nirvighna pUrti meM 1. koI savvasamattho sagurusudaM savvamAgamittANaM / viNaeNuvakkamittA pucchai saguruM payatteNa // tujhaM pAdapasAeNa aNNamicchAmi gaMtu mAyadaNaM / tiNNi va paMca va chA vA pucchAo ettha so kuNai / / evaM ApucchittA sagavaraguruNA visajjio sNto| appaca uttho tadio bidio vAso tado nniido|| -mUlAcAra 4 / 145-147.

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zramaNa saMgha : 397 dravya, kSetra Adi kI dRSTi se kucha pratikUlatA dekhatA hai taba vaha guru kI AjJA se dUsare gaNa meM anukUla vAtAvaraNa aura yogya AcArya ke sAnidhya meM nirvighna samAdhimaraNa sampanna karane jA sakatA hai| dUsare gaNa meM usa gaNa ke AcArya Agantuka zramaNa kI bhalIbhAMti parIkSA karate haiM / kSapaka kI prakRti aura usakA uttama prayojana jAnakara ve AcArya apane gaNastha zramaNoM se usake samAdhimaraNa nirvighna sampanna karAne ke viSaya meM mantraNA karate haiM aura usase pUrNa sahayoga prApti kI sammati pUchate haiN| kyoMki samAdhimaraNa kAla meM vizeSa paricaryA ko tathA pariNAmoM meM nirantara vizuddhatA evaM dRr3hatA Adi kI vizeSa AvazyakatA hotI hai ataH gaNastha zramaNoM kI ina sabake viSaya meM pUrNa sahamati Avazyaka hai aura isa prakAra Agantuka zramaNa ko apane lakSya prApti meM pUrNa saphalatA milatI hai / zvetAmbara paramparA ke vyavahArabhASya meM kahA hai ki anya gaNa se Aye hue kSINa AcAra vAle sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko binA unakI parizuddhi kiye apane gaNa meM nahIM milAnA caahie| aura na unake sAtha AhAra Adi hI karanA cAhie / jo sAdhu-sAdhvI apane doSoM ko khule dila se AcArya ke sAmane rakha deM tathA yathocita prAyazcitta karake punaH vaisA kRtya na karane kI pratijJA kareM unhIM ke sAtha apanA sambandha jor3anA caahie|' __ isa taraha ucca evaM vizeSa sAdhanA, jJAna prApti evaM zAstra adhyayana ke atirikta samAdhimaraNa ke uddezya se bhI para-gaNa athavA saMgha meM jAne kI prAcIna paramparA rahI hai / kintu mUlAcArakAra ne yahA~ vizeSa rUpa meM jJAna-dhyAna Adi kI viziSTa sAdhanA ke uddezya se hI eka gaNa se dUsare gaNa meM jAne hetu 'Agantuka zramaNa' kA varNana kiyA hai| ___ Agantuka zramaNa jaba dUsare gaNa prasthAna karatA thA to isa pravAsa ke bIca yadi use sacitta, acitta tathA sacittAcitta (mizra) dravya prApta hotA hai arthAt mArga meM yadi use chAtra, ziSya Adi tathA zAstra Adi aura pustaka sahita ziSya kI prApti hotI hai athavA zramaNa ke grahaNa yogya koI dravya prApta hotA hai to jisa gaNa meM vaha jJAna prApti hetu jA rahA hai vahA~ ke AcArya usa dravya ko grahaNa karane ke yogya hotA hai / cU~ki zramaNa mArga ke madhyavartI nagaroM, 1. vyavahArabhASya : sssstthvibhaa'| (jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa bhAga 3,. 10 266). 2. jaMteNaMtaraladdhaM saccittAmissayaM davvaM / tassa ya so Airio arihadi evaM guNo sovi ||muulaacaar 4157.

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398 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana grAmoM se vihAra karatA huA vaha dUsare gaNa taka pahu~catA hai / isa bIca saMyama dvArA AtmakalyANa ke icchuka kucha ziSya bhI bana sakate haiM / tathA use zAstra, Adi bhI prApta ho sakate haiN| aisI avasthA meM vaha zramaNa ina dravyoM ko usa AcArya ke adhikAra ke antargata samajhakara unheM sauMpakara grahaNa karane yA grahaNa na karane kI unase AjJA prApta karatA hai| kyoMki AcArya hI una dravyAdika ko svIkRta karane yA na karane kA adhikArI hotA hai| paragaNastha zramaNa evaM AcArya ke kartavya-Agantuka zramaNa jaba apane gaNa se dUsare gaNa pahu~cate hai aura paragaNastha zramaNa Agantuka zramaNa ko Ate hue dekhate haiM taba AcArya sahita gaNastha sabhI zramaNa unake prati sammAna, vAtsalya, jinaAjJA, saMgraha (grahaNa) evaM unheM praNAma karane hetu tatkAla khar3e ho jAte haiN|' aura sAta kadama Age bar3ha kara usake prati Adara aura harSa bhAva vyakta karake paraspara praNAma karate haiN| use apane sAtha lAkara yogya karaNIya kAryoM ko sampanna karake samyagdarzana, samyaka jJAna aura samyak cAritra rUpa ratnatraya Adi ke nirvighna AcaraNa kI kuzalatA ke prazna pUchate haiM / zramaNa jaba kabhI kAlAntara meM paraspara milate haiM to mUlaguNa tathA ratnatraya Adi ke nirvighna pAlana Adi ke viSaya meM hI kuzalatA ke prazna pUchate haiM, anya sAMsArika prazna nhiiN| Agantuka zramaNa jisa dina gaNa meM Ate haiM, usa dina unheM vizrAma karane denA cAhie / 3 tathA niyama se tIna dina taka use Avazyaka kriyAoM, saMstara, malamUtra-visarjana sthala Adi tathA svAdhyAya Adi ke viSaya meM jAnakArI evaM ina sabhI kAryoM meM parIkSA hetu unake sAtha rahakara unheM sAhAyya denA caahie| jisase use naye gaNa meM Ane para Avazyaka kriyAoM Adi ko sampanna karane meM koI kaThinAI na ho| tathA vaha apane ko isa sthAna ke yogya AcaraNa vAlA (anukUla) banA sake / sAtha meM rahane se usakI pravRtti kaisI hai ? yaha bhI jJAta ho jAtA hai| 1. AesaM ejjaMtaM sahasA daLUNa saMjadA savve / vacchallANAsaMgahapaNamaNahedu samuTThati ||vhii 4 / 160. 2. paccuggamaNaM kiccA sattapadaM aNNamaNNapaNamaM ca / pAhaNakaraNIyakade tirayaNasaMpucchaNaM kujjA ||muulaacaar 4161. 3. vissamido taddivasaM-vahI, 4165, bha0 A0 418. 4. Aesassa tirattaM NiyamA saMghADao du dAyanvo / kiriyAsaMthArAdisu sahavAsaparikkhaNAheUM |vhii 4 / 162.

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zramaNa saMgha : 399 Agantaka zramaNa kI parIkSA:-Agantuka aura gaNastha zramaNa paraspara meM pratilekhana, bhikSA, svAdhyAya aura pratikramaNa tathA teraha kriyAoM (paMcamahAvrata, paMcasamiti aura tIna gupti) Adi ke jJAna evaM inake AcaraNa kI vizuddhatA Adi kI parIkSA karate haiN|' sAmAyika Adi SaDAvazyaka, pratilekhana arthAt netroM se jIvoM ko dekhakara yA sukSma jantu na bhI dikheM to picchI dvArA pramArjana karane, paraspara bAtacIta, pustakAdi vastuyeM uThAne-rakhane, svAdhyAya, bhikSAgrahaNa tathA gamanAgamana Adi kriyAoM ke sampanna karane kI vidhi se hI paraspara kI pramAda rahita yA pramAda sahita pravRtti evaM cAritra kI parIkSA tathA jAnakArI prApta karate haiM / Agantuka zramaNa kI uparyukta parIkSA Adi ke bAda AcaraNa kI vizuddhatA jAnakara vaha dUsare yA tIsare dina AcArya (gaNAcArya) ke samakSa vinayapUrvaka prastuta hokara vidyA-adhyayana Adi apane Agamana kA prayojana nivedita karatA hai| ve gaNAcArya bhI saMgraha, anugraha (zikSA dene) meM kuzala, sUtroM kA artha karane meM 'vizArada, vistRta koti vAle, SaT Avazyaka Adi kriyAoM ke AcaraNa meM tatpara. grahaNa karane yogya tathA upAdeya vacana bolane vAle, gambhIra, durddharSa, zara, dharma prabhAvanA karane vAle, kSamAguNa meM pRthvI ke sadRza, saumyatA meM candramA ke samAna tathA nirmalatA meM samudra ke samAna hote haiN| ina guNoM se viziSTa AcArya ko vaha Agantuka muni krama se prApta karatA hai / / Agantuka zramaga ke Agamana kA prayojana sunakara AcArya usakA sampUrNa paricaya prApta karane ke lie usase nAma, kula, guru, dIkSA ke dina, varSAvAsa, Ane kI dizA, zikSA, pratikramaNa Adi se sambandhita kaI prazna pUchate haiN| tumhArA nAma kyA hai, tumhArI kula evaM guru paramparA kyA hai ? dIkSA guru kauna hai ? tathA dIkSA avadhi kitanI hai ? ityAdi ke viSaya meM jAnakArI prApta karate haiM / usase yaha bhI pUchate haiM ki tumane varSAvAsa kahA~ sampanna kiyA ? isa samaya kahA~ se yA kisa 'dizA se A rahe ho ? tumane zruta kI kitanI zikSA prApta kI hai ? kitane pratikramaNa hue haiM ? arthAt tumane cAturmAsika, vArSika, pAkSika Adi meM se Ajataka kitane pratikramaNa kiye haiM aura kitane nahIM kiye ?5 isa taraha ke aneka prazna pUchane ke 1. mUlAcAra 4 / 163. 2. vahI, 4164. 3. vahI, 4165. 4. vahI, 41158-159. __5. AgaMtukaNAmakulaM gurudikkhAmANavarisavAsaM ca / AgamaNadisAsikkhApaDi kamaNAdI ya gurupucchA / / vahI, 41166 vRtti sahita

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400 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana.. bAda yadi AcArya usa Agantuka zramaNa ko sabhI kriyAoM aura AcaraNa meM vizuddha, vratoM kA niraticAra pAlana karane vAlA, nitya utsAho, vinIta, buddhimAna samajha lete haiM taba apane zrutajJAna ke sAmarthya ke anusAra use apanA iSTa kahate haiM arthAt vaha jo adhyayana karanA cAhatA hai use apane jJAna kI sAmarthya ke anusAra par3hAnA cAhie athavA use saMgha meM svIkAra karake apanI buddhi ke anurUpa adhyayana karAnA cAhie / ' yadi vaha anya rUpa hai, ayogya hai arthAt munivrata aura cAritra meM azuddha hai tathA deva vandanA Adi kriyAoM meM bhI ayogya hai taba use yathAyogya chedopasthApanA prAyazcitta dekara zramaNa pada meM sthira karanA cAhie / arthAt usakI dIkSA kA eka hissA athavA AdhI dIkSA yA pUrI dIkSA kA tIna bhAga cheda (samApta) karake punaH upasthApanA karanA cAhie / yadi sarvathA vratoM se bhraSTa hai to punaH vrata arthAt dIkSA denA caahie| yadi vaha muni cheda yA upasthApanA prAyazcitta svIkAra nahIM kare taba vaha Agantuka zramaNa sarvathA tyAjya hI hai / phira bhI yadi saMghastha AcArya mohavaza usa ayogya ziSya ko grahaNa karate haiM to ve AcArya svayaM hI prAyazcitta ke pAtra ho jAte haiN| kyoMki jo AcArya ziSyoM ke doSa dekhakara una doSoM ke nivAraNa kA upAya nahIM karate, apitu jihvA se mAtra madhura bhASaNa bolate haiM ve bhadra nahIM kahalA sakate / zvetAmbara paramparA ke vyavahAra sUtra meM kahA hai ki-kAraNa vizeSa athavA prayojana vizeSa se anya gaccha se nikalakara Ane vAlA sAdhu athavA sAdhvI akhaNDita AcAra se yukta, zabala doSa (vratAdika se sambandhita vividha doSa) se rahita tathA krodhAdi se asaMkliSTa honA caahie| apane doSoM kI AlocanA evaM pratikramaNa karane vAlA tathA lage hue doSa kA prAyazcitta karane vAlA ho to usake sAtha samAnatA kA vyavahAra karanA kalpya hai, anyathA nhiiN| isa taraha upayukta vidhi sampanna hone para vaha Agantuka zramaNa yogya hone para vidhipUrvaka ziSya rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| 1. jadicaraNakaraNasuddho Niccujjutto viNIdamedhAvI / tassiTaThaM kadhidavvaM sagasudasattIe bhaNiUNa // mUlAcAra 4 / 167. 2. jadi idaro so'joggo chedamuvaTThAvaNaM ca kAdavvaM / jadi Necchadi chaMDejjo aha giNhadi sovi chedariho / / vahI, 4168. 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 481. . 4. vyavahArasUtra SaSTha uddezya (jaina sA0 kA bR0 itihAsa bhAga 2 pU0 265.). .

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zramaNa saMgha : 401 paragaNa meM Agantuka zramaNa ke kartavya :-gaNa meM ziSya rUpa meM rahane ko svIkRti ke bAda vaha apane zramaNa dharma kA pAlana karate hue dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI samyak zuddhi karake prayatna mana se vinaya aura upacAra sahita hokara sUtra aura usake artha ke adhyayana meM tatpara hotA hai| kintu sUtrAthaM ke adhyayana meM dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva zuddhi kA vizeSa rUpa se dhyAna rakhanA apekSita hai| inakI zuddhi ke abhAva meM lobhavaza sUtrArtha ke adhyayana se asamAdhi arthAt mana kI ekAgratA yA samyaktvAdi kA nAza, asvAdhyAya, vyAdhi, kalaha aura viyoga arthAt AcArya aura ziSya kA sambandha viccheda jaise mahAn doSa taka upasthita ho sakate haiM / ' yaha zuddhi mAtra zAstroM ke par3hane meM hI nahIM kI jAtI apitu jIvadayA ke nimitta bhI zuddhi atyanta apekSita hai| isake lie hAtha kI rekhA dikhane yogya prakAza meM arthAt jitane prakAza meM netroM se hAtha kI rekhAe~ spaSTa dekhI jA sake utanA prakAza hone para pUrvAla aura aparAha-donoM samaya meM prayatna pUrvaka saMstara aura nivAsa sthAna Adi kA picchikA Adi se pratilekhana avazya kara lenA caahie| kyoMki andhakAra meM pratilekhana karane se jIva hiMsA hotI hai| Agantuka zramaNa ko naye gaNa meM Akara AcArya se pUche binA apanI icchAnusAra koI kArya nahIM karanA cAhie / udbhrAmaka Adi grAmacaryA (arthAt kisI grAma meM jAte samaya, AhArArtha gamana karane meM, mala-mUtra Adi tyAga karane ke lie jAte samaya) tathA vRkSamUla yoga, AtApana yoga Adi uttarayoga (prakRSTa yoga) prArambha karate samaya usa zramaNa ko icchAkAra pUrvaka arthAt vinaya pUrvaka AcArya se pUchakara hI karanA cAhie / jaise vaha Agantuka zramaNa pahale apane saMgha meM caryA Adi kAryoM meM vinayapUrvaka apane AcArya se pUchakara kArya karatA thA, usI prakAra use yahAM bhI AcArya ke abhiprAya ke anusAra unase AjJA lekara hI ina saba kAryoM ko karanA caahie| Agantuka zramaNa ko gaccha meM rahane vAle kSoNa zaktika, guru (zikSA, dIkSA tathA upadeza Adi ke dAtA athavA tapa yA jJAna meM jyeSTha), bAla (navadIkSita), vRddha, aura zaikSa (zAstrAdhyayana meM tatpara) muniyoM ko apanI zakti ke anusAra 1. mUlAcAra 4 / 169-171. 2. na kevala zAstrapaThananimittaM zuddhiH kriyate tena kintu jIvadayAnimittaM ceti saMthAravAsayANaM pANIlehAhi saNujjove / jatteNubhaye kAle paDilehA hodi kAyavvA // mUlAcAra 4 / 172. 3. vahI 4 / 173. 26

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402 : mUlAcAra kA samokSAtmaka adhyayana prayatnapUrvaka yathAyogya vaiyAvRtti karanA caahie| daivasika, rAtrika, pAkSika, cAturmAsika, vArSika pratikramaNa tathA RSiyoM kI vandanA, deva vandanA, svAdhyAya Adi kriyAoM ko gaNastha zramaNoM ke sAtha milakara karanA cAhie / ' mana, vacana aura kAya ke yogoM se jisa gaNa, gaccha yA saMgha meM jaba vrataAdi meM koI aparAdha ho jAye, mithyAkAra pUrvaka vahIM usako dUra kara lenA cAhie / AryikAoM ke Ane ke samaya muni ko akele nahIM baiThanA cAhie usI prakAra unake sAtha binA prayojana vArtAlApa nahIM karanA cAhie / isa prakAra Agantuka zramaNa ko uparyukta sabhI kartavya yathAvidhi karanA cAhie | tathA jo gaNavara kI icchA ho una sabakA pAlana Agantuka tathA gaNastha zeSa sabhI zramaNoM ko karanA cAhie / jaina paramparA ke uparyukta Agantuka zramaNa ke samAna hI bauddha paramparA meM bhikSuoM ko eka vihAra se dUsare vihAra meM Ane-jAne kA bhI vidhAna thA / isa paramparA meM aise bhikSu ko Agantuka bhikSu tathA saMghastha bhikSu ko AvAsika bhikSu kahA jAtA thA / Agantuka bhikSu jaba dUsare vihAra pahu~catA hai taba use zayyA, zaucAlaya Adi ke viSaya meM jAnakArI prApta kara lene kA prathamataH vidhAna hai / kina gharoM meM use bhikSA ke lie jAnA cAhie, kuTI se bAhara jAne aura vApisa Ane ke lie kauna sA samaya niyata hai-- ina saba bAtoM ko tathA yadi bhikSuoM ne Apasa meM aura bhI koI niyama nizcita kiye hoM to unako bhI pUchakara use jAna lenA cAhie / isI prakAra AvAsika aura gamika - vihAra chor3akara jAne vAle bhikSuoM ke bhI kartavya bauddha paramparA meM batAye gaye haiM / * pApa-zramaNa : zramaNa-dharma meM dIkSita hone ke bAda sAvaka ko apanI maryAdAnukUla AcaraNa karanA caahie| AcaraNa meM kabhI doSa utpanna ho jAya to prAyazcittAdi dvArA dUra kara lenA cAhie tathA punaH vaMsA aticAra utpanna na ho aisA prayatna karate rahanA cAhie / kintu jo svacchanda AcaraNa karate haiM, AcArya kI upekSA karate hue dharmaviruddha calate haiM, vaMmA AcaraNa zAstravihita kahakara apane zarIrAdi 1. mUlAcAra 4 / 174- 175. 2 . vahI 4 / 176 - 177. 3. vahI 4 / 186. 4. uttara pradeza meM bauddha dharma kA vikAsa - pR0 182 (DA0 nalinAkSadatta evaM kRSNadatta vAjapeyI).

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zramaNa saMgha : 403 poSaNa meM pravRtta ho jAte haiM aise muni pApazramaNa kahalAte hai| vastutaH darzana, jJAna aura cAritra se bhraSTa zramaNa apane dvArA Acarita AcAra kI zreSThatA pratipAdita karate haiN| ve ahiMsA aura saMyama kI kasauTI ko chor3akara suvidhA ko AcAra kI kasauTI ke rUpa meM mAnya karate haiN| isIlie mUlAcArakAra ne aise zramaNa ko ghor3e kI loda ke samAna andara se kuthita (nidya) bhAvayukta tathA bAhya meM bagule kI taraha karaNa aura caraNa se yukta batalAyA hai|' jo AcArya (guru)-kula athavA zramaNasaMgha chor3akara svecchayA vihAra karatA hai, svecchApUrvaka jaisA cAhe bolatA hai, AcAryAdi ke upadeza ko nahIM sunatA aura na unakI AjJA hI grahaNa karatA hai vaha pApazramaNa hai| pahale ziSyatva na karake AcAryatva dhAraNa karane kI jaldI karatA hai-aisA pUrvApara vivekazUnya DhoMDhAcArya madonmatta hAthI ke samAna niraMkuza bhramaNa karatA hai / apane ko AcArya kahane-kahalAne vAle, AgamajJAna se rahita ye pApazramaNa apanA to vinAza karate hI hai sAtha hI kutsita upadezAdi ke dvArA dUsaroM kA bhI vinAza karate hai| AhAra, upadhi aura zayyA Adi kA binA pratilekhana (zodhana) kiye ho prayoga karane vAle ye dharmarahita-zrAmaNya tuccha (samaNa pollo) zramaNa mUla-sthAna nAmaka doSa se yukta hote haiN| pRthvIkAya tathA tadAzrita jIvoM para bhI zraddhA nahIM krte| ataH ye dIrghasaMsArI muni-liMga meM sthita rahakara bhI duSTamati vAle hote haiN|' bRhatkalpasUtra ke anusAra jo duSTa, mUr3ha evaM vyudgrAhita (viparIta bodha meM dRr3ha) duHsaMjJApya arthAt kaThinAI se samajhane yogya haiM, ve upadeza, pravrajyA Adi ke adhikArI nahIM hote / 1. ghoDayaladdisamANassa bAhira bagaNihudakaraNacaraNassa / ___ abbhaMtaramhi kuhidassa tassa du ki bajjhajogehiM / / mUlAcAra 1073. 2. AyariyakulaM muccA viharadi samNo ya jo du egAgI / Naya gehadi uvadesaM pAvassamaNotti vuccadi du / vahI 10 // 68. - 3. AyariyattaNa turio putvaM sissattaNaM akAUNaM / hiMDaI DhuMDhAyario NiraMkuso mattahatthivva // vahI 10 / 69. 4. ....mUlaDhANaM patto bhuvaNesu have samaNapollo // -mUlA0 10 / 25, bhaga0 A0 288. 5. vahI, 10 // 120. 6. bRhatkalpasUtra caturtha uddeza, sUtra 12, 13.

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404 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pApa-zramaNa ke bheda : mUlAcAra meM pApa zramaNa ke pArzvastha, kuzIla, saMsakta, avasanna aura mRgacaritra-ye pA~ca bheda kiye gaye haiM / ye samyak darzana, jJAna aura cAritra meM ayukta tathA dharmAdi meM harSa rahita hote haiM / (1) pAzrvastha-saMyata ke guNoM ke pArzva meM sthita rahane vAle zramaNa pAzvastha kahalAte haiM / arthAt aticAra rahita saMyama mArga kA svarUpa jAnakara bhI usameM pravRtti nahIM karatA, parantu saMyama mArga ke pAsa hI rahatA hai| isa taraha ekAnta rUpa se jo asaMyamI nahIM hai kintu niraticAra saMyama kA pAlana nahIM karane vAle zramaNa pArzvastha kahalAte haiN| inameM moha, Asakti aura saMgraha kI pravRtti adhika hotI hai| vastutaH kucha sAdhu indriyarUpI coroM aura kaSAyarUpI hiMsaka jIvoM ke dvArA pakar3e jAkara sAdhu saMgha ke mArga ko chor3akara sAdhuoM ke pAzvavartI ho jAte haiM / sAdhu saMgha ke pAva(dUra)vartI hAne se inheM pAsattha yA pArzvastha kahate haiM / jaise viSaile kAMToM se biMdhe hue manuSya aTavI meM akele par3e hue duHkha pAte haiM vaise hI mithyAtva, mAyA aura nidAna zalya rUpI kAToM se bIMdhe hue ve pArzvastha muni duHkha pAte haiN| ye saMgha kA mArga tyAgakara aise muniyoM ke pAsa jAte haiM jo cAritra se bhraSTa hokara pArzvastha muniyoM kA AcaraNa karate haiN| aise muni indriya, kaSAya aura viSayoM ke kAraNa rAga-dveSa rUpa pariNAmoM aura krodhAdi pariNAmoM ke tIvra hone se cAritra ko tRNa ke samAna mAnate haiM / phalaTana se prakAzita mUlAcAra meM kahA hai-jo vasatikAoM meM Asakta hai, jo upakaraNoM ko banAtA rahatA hai, jo muniyoM ke mArga kA dUra se Azraya karatA hai, use pAzvastha kahate haiN| pArzvastha zramaNoM kA ullekha digambara aura zvetAmbara-ina donoM hI paramparAoM ke sAhitya meM bahutAyata milatA hai| 'pArzvastha' zabda se yaha bhI pratIta hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya aura unake bAda taka bhI bhagavAn pAzvanAtha kI paramparA ke zramaNa vidyamAna hogeN| jinameM kucha zramaNa kAlAntara meM zithilA 1. ....virado pAsatthapaNagaM vA....mUlAcAra 7 / 95. pAsattho ya kusIlo saMsattosaNNa migacaritto ya / dasaNaNANacarite aNiuttA maMdasavegA // mUlAcAra 796. 2. saMyata guNebhyaH pArve abhyAse tiSThatoti pAvasthaH -mUlAcAravRtti 796. 3. bha0 A0 1288-1294. 4. vasahIsu ya paDivato ahavA uvayaraNakArao bhaNio / pAsattho samaNANaM pAsattho NAma so hoI / / kunda0 mUlA vAra 7.

Page #456
zramaNa saMgha : 405 AcAra meM antara ho ataH aise rahane ko kahA gayA ho to koI bahuta sambhAvanAyeM haiM / cArI ho gaye hoM athavA donoM paramparAoM ke pArzvastha zramaNoM ko heya samajhakara unase dUra asambhava nahIM / isa viSaya meM zodha-khoja kI (2) kuzIla - kutsita AcaraNa yukta svabhAva vAle zramaNa kuzIla kahalAte hai / ' sAdhu saMgha se dUra hokara ve muni kuzIla pratisevanA rUpa vana meM unmArga se daur3ate hue AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha rUpa saMjJA nadI meM girakara kaSTarUpI pravAha meM par3akara DUba jAte haiN| pahale ve uttaraguNa chor3ate haiM phira mUlaguNa aura samyaktva se bhI bhraSTa hokara saMsAra meM bhramaNa karate haiM / ve dUra se hI sAdhu saMga ko - tyAgakara kumArga meM daur3ate haiM aura Agamokta kuzIla muni ke doSoM ko karate haiM / ye indriya viSaya evaM kaSAya ke toba pariNAmoM se yukta hote haiM tathA vrata, - guNa aura zola tathA cAritra ko tRNavat samajhate hue svayaM kA evaM saMgha kA - apayaza phailAne meM kuzala hote haiM / (3) saMsakta - asaMyatoM ke guNoM meM Asakta zramaNa saMsakta haiM / AhArAdi meM vRddhi, vaidya, maMtra, jyotiSa Adi meM pratibaddha evaM rAjAdi kI sevA meM tatpara rahane vAle saMsakta zramaNa kahalAte haiM / ye naTa kI taraha AcaraNa karate haiM / cAritra priya ke sahavAsa meM cAritra priya tathA cAritrahIna (apriya) ke sahavAsa meM bhI vaise hI bana jAte haiM / ye mAtra indriya viSayoM meM Asakta, gRhasthoM se rAga - tathA striyoM ke prati saMkleza pariNAmayukta hote haiM / 4 5 (4) avasanna ( apasaMjJaka ) - indriya aura kaSAyarUpa tIvra pariNAma hone se sukhapUrvaka samAdhi meM lagA jo sAdhu teraha prakAra kI kriyAoM meM AlasI hokara cAritra bhraSTa sAdhuoM kI kriyA karane lagatA hai aisA sAdhu avasanna kahalAtA hai / samyagjJAnAdika jinake vinaSTa ho gaye haiM, jinavacanoM ko na jAnakara cAritrAdi se bhraSTa, teraha kriyAoM ko karane meM AlasI tathA mana se sAMsArika sukha ko cAhane vAle zramaNa avasanna kahalAte haiM / jaise kIcar3a meM pha~se hue tathA mArga se 1. kusitaM zIlaM AcaraNaM svabhAvo vA yasyAsau kuzIlaH / 2. bha0 A0 1297-1300. 3. samyagasaMyata guNeSvAzaktaH saMsaktaH - vahI, 7 / 96. 4. bha0 A0 vi0 TI0 gA0 1950, pR0 1722. 5. bha0 A0 1289. 6. mUlAcAra vRtti 7 96. ww - mUlAcAra vRtti 7 / 96.

Page #457
406 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana bhraSTa pathika avasanna kahalAte hai vaise hI azuddha cAritra yukta saMyata mArga se bhramita zramaNa bhAva avasanna kahe jAte haiN|' (5) mRgacaritra-mRga (pazu) ke sadRza AcaraNa karane vAle zramaNa mRgacaritra kahe jAte haiN| ye muni AcArya ke upadeza kA parityAga karake svachanda aura ekAkI bhramaNa karate haiM, jina vacanoM meM dUSaNa lagAkara tapaHsUtroM ke prati avinIta aura dhRti se rahita ho jAte haiN| aise sAdhu-saMgha chor3akara, Agama viruddha aura pUrvAcAryoM dvArA na kahe gaye AcAroM kI icchAnusAra kalpanA karane meM pravINa hote haiN| kalpa-parimaMthu sAdhu : - sthAnAMgasUtra meM kalpa arthAt zramaNAcAra ke chaha palimaMthu yA parimaMthu (pratipakSI) banAye gaye haiN| zramaNAcAra kA ghAta karane vAle sAdhu kalpaparimaMthu kahalAte haiM / isake chaha bheda isa prakAra haiM - 1. kaukucita-sthAna, zarIra aura bhASA kI apekSA kutsita ceSTA (capalatA) karane vAle saMyama ke ghAtaka sAdhu kaukucita kahalAte haiM / sthAna kaukucita se tAtparya hai jo sAdhu baiThe yA khar3e hue dIvAra yA khambhe Adi para girate haiM, apane sthAna se idhara-udhara ghUmate haiM yantra aura nartaka kI bhA~ti apane zarIra ko nacAte haiM / zarIra kaukucita kA artha hai hAtha-paira Adi aGgoM ko niSprayojana hilaanaa| bhASA kaukucita kA artha hai sITI bajAnA, logoM ke hAsya hetu vicitra prakAra se bolanA, aneka prakAra kI AvAjeM karanA aura bhinna-bhinna dezoM ko bhASA bolnaa| 2. maukharika-vAcAla sAdhu satya vacana ke parimaMthu hote haiM / 3. cakSulolupa-dRSTi Asakta arthAt jo acchI taraha dekhakara nahIM calate ve sAdhu Iya samiti ke parimanthu haiM / 4. titiNika-AhAra, upadhi Adi prApta na hone para khinna hokara bakavAsa karanA titiNika hai / aisA karane vAle sAdhu khinnatAvaza aneSaNoya AhAra bhI le lete haiM / cir3acir3e svabhAva vAlA sAdhu bhikSA kI eSaNA kA parimaMthu hai| 5. icchAlobhika-ati icchA aura lobha hone ke kAraNa jo adhika upaSi kA saMgraha karate haiM ve icchAlobhika sAdhu muktimArga ke parimaMtha haiN| 1. bha. A0 vi0 TI0 1950, pR0 1721. 2. mUlAcAra vRtti 7 / 96. 3. bha. A0 1310. 4. cha kappassa palimaMthu paNNattA....sthAnAMga 6 / 102.

Page #458
zramaNa saMgha : 407 6. bhidhyAnidAnakaraNa-bhidhyA arthAt lobha tathA nidAna arthAt prArthanA yA abhilASA / isa prakAra indra, cakravartI Adi kI Rddhi kA nidAna ArttadhyAna kA poSaNa detI hai ataH aisA karane vAlA sAdhu mokSamArga kA parimaMthu hai / sacce saMyamI zramaNa ko ina chaha kalpa parimaMthu ke viSaya meM sAvadhAna rahanA Avazyaka hai| isa taraha pApazramaNa sukha-svabhAvI, samyagdarzanAdi guNoM ke prati nirutsAhI, tRSNA, moha, ajJAna aura parigraha meM lipta tathA pApa-zAstroM kA Adara karane vAle hote hai| ataH inake samparka se saMyamI zramaNa ko dUra rahanA cAhie / mUlAcArakAra ne kahA bhI hai : asaMvRttI, nIca aura laukika-alaukika kriyAoM ke jJAna se rahita zramaNa yadi cirapravajita bhI hai to usakI saMgati kA turanta tyAga kara denA caahie| vaiyAvRtya tathA vinaya inase rahita, duHzruti ke poSaka, vairAgya rahita, daMbhI, nindaka, paizunyabhAvayukta, mAraNa-uccATanAdi pApasUtroM kA sevana karane vAle tathA hiMsAdi Arambha yukta zramaNa bhale ho cirapravajita ho para yatnAcArI zramaNa ko inake Azraya se dUra ho rahanA cAhie / 3 kyoMki jaise Ama vRkSa durAzraya se nimbatva (kar3avepana) ko prApta ho jAtA hai vaise hI AlasI tathA samAcArahIna zramaNa ke Azraya se acche zramaNa bhI dUSita ho jAte haiN| aise dhamaNoM ko nagara kI gandI nAliyoM meM bahane vAle maile pAnI ke samAna vacana rUpa maila (kacarA) dhAraNa karane vAlA kahA hai|5 zivArya ne kahA hai ki jo zramaNa cAritra bhraSTa sAdhuoM kI kriyA karatA hai vaha asaMyamI hokara sAdhuoM ke saMgha se bAhara ho jAtA hai aura mokSa mArga se bhI dUra ho jAtA hai / jaise bakarI kA baccA sugandhita tela bhI piye phira bhI apanI pUrva durgandha ko nahIM chor3atA usI prakAra dIkSA lekara bhI arthAt asaMyama ko tyAgane para bhI koI-koI indriya aura kaSAya rUpa durgandha ko nahIM chor3a pAte / zIla se daridra muni sadA ananta duHkha pAte haiN| jaise bahuta parivAra vAlA daridra manuSya tIbra duHkha pAtA hai / isa taraha darzana, 1. bha0 A. 1952-1957. 2. cirapavvaidaM pi muNI ayuTTadhammaM asaMpuDaM NIcaM / loiya loguttariyaM ayANamANaM vivajjejja / / mUlAcAra 1067. 3. vahI, 1065-66. 4. vahI, 1070. 5. bihedavvaM NiccaM dujjaNavayaNA paloTTajibbhassa / varaNayaraNiggama piva vayaNakayAraM vahatassa / / vahI, 10 / 71. 6. bha. A0 1288, 1301. 7. to te sIla dArIddA dukkhamaNataM sadA vi paavNti| bahupariyaNo dariddo pAvadi tivvaM jaghA dukkhaM ||bh0 A0 1303.

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408 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana jJAna, cAritra aura tapa kI vinaya se ye sadA hI pArzvastha (dUra rahate haiM / ye guNadhAriyoM ke chidra dekhane vAle hone ke kAraNa vandanIya nahIM hai|' ____ Avazyaka niyukti ke anusAra dravyaliMgadhArI hokara bhI ye bhAvaliMga vihIna pA~ca pApazramaNa vandanIya nahIM hai| vandanoya to kevala ve hI zramaNa hote haiM jo zuddha cA~dI tathA zuddha mohara vAle sikke ke samAna dravya aura bhAva kI vizuddhatA se sampanna hote hai| isIlie bhagavatI ArAdhanAkAra ne kahA bhI hai ki cAritrahIna lAkha saMkhyA yukta muniyoM se eka suzIlamuni zreSTha hai kyoMki suzIla munIzvara ke Azraya se zIla, darzana, jJAna aura cAritrAdi guNoM kI vRddhi avazya hotI hai / zramaNa ke upakaraNa : zramaNoM ke dainika jIvana meM saMyama kI rakSArtha, Avazyaka kriyAoM ko sampanna karane evaM zuddhi ke lie tathA svAdhyAya Adi ke lie picchI, kamaNDalu tathA zAstra Adi upakaraNoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai|4 vaTTakera ne Acelakya (nagnatva), kezaluJcana, zarIrasaMskAra-tyAga aura pratilekhana-ye cAra liGgakalpa (zramaNoM ke cihna) mAne haiN| pravacanasAra meM jinamArga meM mUlataH yathAjAtarUpa (nagnatva), guru ke vacana (pUjya guruoM ke vacanAnusAra pravRtti), vinaya (guNoM evaM guNAdhika muniyoM ke prati vinaya bhAva) tathA sUtroM kA adhyayana-ye cAra upakaraNa batalAye gaye haiM / picchikA, kamaNDalu Adi bAhya upakaraNa haiN| mUlAcAra tathA vRttikAra ne AdAnanikSepaNa samiti ke prasaMga meM upadhi (upakaraNa) ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai-(1) jJAnopadhi (zAstra, pustakAdi), (2) saMyamopadhi (prANI dayA ke nimitta picchikA), (3) zaucopadhi (mala-mUtrAdi kI zuddhi ke lie prAsuka jala rakhane hetu kamaNDalu) tathA (4) zrAmaNya yogya anya upadhi (pustaka, sNstr)| kundakunda ne kahA hai ki upadhi 1. mUlAcAra 797. 2. Avazyaka nirya kti, 1138. 3. bha. A0, 354. 4. upakaraNasyapustikAkuMDikApicchikAdikasya-mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 177. 5. accelakkaM loco vosaTTasarIradA ya paDilihaNaM / eso hu liMgakappo caduvidho hodi NAyanvo // mUlAcAra 10 // 17. uvayaraNaM jiNamagge liMga jahajAdarUvamidi bhaNidaM / guruvayaNaM pi ya viNao suttajjhayaNaM ca NiddiDheM // pravacanasAra 225. 7. (ka) mUlAcAra 1114. (kha) saMjamaNANuvakaraNe aNNuvakaraNe ca jAyaNe aNNe-mUlAcAra 4131. .

Page #460
zramaNa saMgha : 409 bhale hI alpa ho tathApi jo aniMdita, asaMyatajanoM se aprArthanIya (anicchanIya), tathA mUrcchA Adi utpanna karane vAlI na ho-- ina vizeSatAoM se yukta upadhi hI zramaNa ko grahaNa karanA cAhie / " zramaNoM ke pAsa nimnalikhita upakaraNa hote haiM 1. saMyamopakaraNa (picchikA ) :- saMyama ke upakaraNa ke rUpa meM zramaNa ke pAsa pratilekhana hetu picchikA honA anivArya hai / pratilekhana (paDilehaNa ) kA artha hai| zodhana, sammArjana, nirIkSaNa nirUpaNa, vicAra karanA athavA dekhanA hai / ataH sUkSma jIvoM kI rakSArthaM, tathA dayA pAlana hetu bAhya upakaraNa ke rUpa meM picchikA Avazyaka hai / acelakatva Adi kI taraha picchikA ko bhI zrAmaNya kA bAhya cihna mAnA hai / dazavaikAlika tathA isakI TIkAoM meM bhI zramaNa ko vAyukAyika jIvoM kI rakSArthaM morapaMkha aura mora-picchI se havA na karane kA nirdeza hai / yahA~ mayUrapiccha se tAtparya hai mora-picchoM kA athavA anya piccha kA samUhaeka sAtha baMdhA huA guccha / 5 kArtika mAsa meM mayUra apane paMkhoM ko chor3a dete haiM / ataH picchI svayaM patita mayUra paMkhoM se nirmita hotI hai| vanoM meM vicarate samaya vRkSoM ke nIce puSkala parimANa meM svayaM patita mayUra ke paMkha anAyAsa hI mila jAte haiM aura unhIM paMkhoM - ko ikaTThA karake, unake lavabhAga ( agrabhAga) se picchI banA lete haiM / picchI mAtra pratilekhana kA hI kArya nahIM karatI apitu sAmAyika, vandanA, pratikramaNa, u 1. apparikuTTha uvadhi apatthaNijjaM asaMjadajaNehi / mucchAdijaNaNarahidaM gehadu samaNo jadi vi appaM // pravacanasAra 223. 2. pratilekhanaM mayUrapicchagrahaNaM - mUlAcAra vRtti 10 / 104. 3. mUlAcAra 10 / 23. 4. dazavekAlika 4 / 21. 5. (ka) pehuNaM mathurAdipiccham, pehuNa hastaH -- tatsamUhaH / dazave 0 hAribhadrIyaTIkA patra 154. (kha) pehuNaM morapiccha vA aNNaM kici vA tArisaM picchaM || pihuNAhatyao * soriga - kuccao, giddhapicchANi vA egao baddhANi - dazavai0 jinadAsa cUrNi pR0 156. 6. matyeti kArtike mAsi kAryaM satpratilekhanaM / svayaM patita picchAnAM ligaM cihna ca yogibhiH / mUlAcAra pradIpa 9 / 36. 7. picchi - kamaNDalu -- munizrI vidyAnanda jI, pRSTha 95.

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410 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prAyazcitta, AhArakAla, gamana Adi aneka prasaMgoM meM saMyama aura vinaya ke upakaraNa kA kArya karatI hai / ___mayUra picchI meM pA~ca guNa haiM jinake kAraNa vaha prazaMsanIya mAnI jAtI haidhuli ko grahaNa nahIM karanA, sveda (pasIne) se malina nahIM honA, mRdutA, sukumAratA aura laghutA (hlkaapn)|' isa prakAra dhUli, raja aura pasIne ko grahaNa na karane se sadA hI pratilekhana karane meM svabhAvika saralatA banI rahatI hai / sparza meM ati komala hone se sUkSma jIvoM ke bhI ghAta kI sambhAvanA nahIM rahatI / netroM para ghumAne se bhI bAdhA nahIM hotii| namanazIla hone se usake tantu zIghra jhuka jAte haiM isase pratilekhana ke samaya jIvoM ko bAdhA nahIM hotI tathA yaha bahuta halkI hai ataH sahaja rUpa meM sadA hAtha meM raha sakatI hai| pratilekhana ke samaya mayUrapicchI ko netroM meM phirAne se pIr3A nahIM hotii| ataH sUkSmattva Adi guNoM se yukta aisI hI picchI grahaNa karanA cAhie / bhadrabAhukriyAsAra meM picchI ko mokSa kA sAdhaka kAraNa batAyA hai aura kahA hai jo muni apane pAsa picchI nahIM rakhatA vaha kAyotsarga ke samaya sthiti, utthAna aura gamanAgamana meM apanI daihika kriyAoM se sUkSma jIvoM kA nAza karatA hai / isa hiMsA doSa se karmabaMdha hotA hai| ataH binA picchI dhAraNa ke saMyama sadha nahIM sakatA aura use nirvANa bhI prApta nahIM hotaa|3 dvIndriyAdi aneka sUkSmajIva aise hote haiM jinheM cakSu dvArA nahIM dekhA jA sakatA athavA dekhane meM bar3I kaThinAI ho sakatI hai ataH ina saba jIvoM kI rakSArtha zramaNa pratilekhana grahaNa karate haiN| * kAyotsarga meM, khar3e hone meM, saMkramaNa (gamana kAla) meM, kamaNDalu Adi ke grahaNa meM, pustakAdi ke rakhane meM, zayana meM, baiThane meM, tathA AhAra grahaNa ke bAda ucchiSTa ke parimArjana Adi prasaMgoM meM prayatnapUrvaka pratilekhana karanA cAhie kyoMki yaha zramaNapane kA cihna hai / " oghaniyukti meM bhI kahA hai ki 1. rajasedANamagahaNaM maddava sukumAladA lahuttaM ca / jatthede paMcaguNA taM paDilihaNaM pasaMsaMti ||muulaacaar 10 / 19, bha0 A0 98. 2 Na ya hodi NayaNapIDA acchi pi bhamADide du paDilehe / to suhamAdI lahuo paDileho hodi kAyavvo // mUlAcAra 10 / 22. 3. ThANaNisijjAgamaNe jIvANaM haMti appaNo dehaM / dasakattariThANa gadaM Nipicche Natthi NivvANaM / / bhadrabAhu kriyAsAra 25.. 4. suhumA hu saMti pANA duppekkhA akkhiNo agejjhA hu| tamhA jIvadayAe paDilihaNaM dhArae bhikkhU // mUlAcAra 10120.. 5. ThANe caMkamaNAdANe Nikkheve sayaNasaNa payatte / paDilehaNeNa paDilehijjai liMgaM ca hoi sapakkhe // vahI 10 / 23.. .

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zramaNa saMgha : 411 rakhI huI vastu ko lenA, kisI vastu ko nIce rakhanA, kAyotsarga karanA yA khar3A honA, baiThanA, sonA aura zarIra ko sikor3anA-ye sabhI kArya pramArjana pUrvaka karaNIya hote haiM / pratilekhana kA sAdhana muni kA cihna bhI kahalAtA hai|' pratilekhana kA mUla uddezya bhI ahiMsA mahAvrata kA vizuddha rUpa meM paripAlana hai / ataH pratilekhana meM bahuta sAvadhAnI apekSita hai| uttarAdhyayana meM kahA haipratilekhana karate samaya jo paraspara vArtAlApa karatA hai, janapada kathA karatA hai, pratyAkhyAna karatA hai, dUsaroM ko par3hAtA tathA svayaM par3hatA hai-pratilekhanA meM pramatta vaha muni pRthvIkAya, apkAya, tejas kAya, vAyukAya, vanaspatikAya aura sakAya ina SaTakAyika jIvoM kA virAdhaka (hiMsA karane vAlA) hotA hai / rAtri meM sote samaya mala-mUtrAdi visarjana ke lie jaba zramaNa bIca meM uThate haiM aura punaH jAkara leTate haiM yA karavaTa badalate haiM to pahale zarIra aura zayanAsana kA picchikA se pramArjana kara lenA cAhie, aisA na karane para nizcita ho usase jIva hiMsA hogii| nItisAra graMtha meM kahA hai-chAyA meM, Atapa meM athavA gamana ke samaya, chAyA se Atapa meM Ane tathA Atapa se chAyA meM jAne se pUrva evaM eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna gamanAgamana karane se pUrva mRdutApUrvaka picchI se zarIra kA Alekhana kara lenA caahie| binA picchI ke koI bhI zramaNa sAta kadama gamana karatA hai to usase utpanna doSa kAyotsarga karane se zuddha hotA hai, eka kosa gamana se utpanna doSa ke lie eka upavAsa tathA isase Upara pratikoza dUnA-dUnA upavAsa karake prAyazcitta hotA hai / ataH baiThane, uThane, gamana karane, hAtha-paira ke saMkocanaprasAraNa, uttAnazayana, karavaTa badalane Adi zArIrika kriyAoM meM picchikA se apane zarIra kA pramArjana kara lenA cAhie / picchikA se jIvadayA kA pAlana hotA hai| logoM meM 'yati' (zramaNa) viSayaka vizvAsa utpanna karane kA yaha cihna hai| yaha prAcIna muniyoM kA pratibimba rUpa hai / arthAt picchI dhAraNa karane se prAcIna muniyoM kA jo rUpa thA 1. AyANe nikleve ThANanisIyaNatuyaTTasaMkoe / punvaM pamajjaNaTThA liMgaTThA ceva rayaharaNaM / / oghaniyukti 710. 2. uttarAdhyayana 26 / 29,30. 3. vahI, 10 / 21 4. nItisAra, 43. 5. saptApAdeSu niSpicchaH kAyotsargAdvizuddhayati / ... gavyatigamane zuddhimupavAsaM samaznute // cAritrasAra 44, prAyazcitta cUlikA 44. 6. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 96 / 7. vahI, 97 / . . .

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412 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana usI kI chAyA vartamAna muniyoM meM A jAtI hai| jo zramaNa picchI nahIM rakhate vaha mUr3hacAritra zramaNa hai|' rogAdi hone para zramaNa picchI sahita aMjalibaddha hokara jur3I huI aMjali ko vakSa ke madhya meM sthita karake paryakAsana, vIrAsana athavA sukhAsana se baiThakara mana ko ekAgra kara svAdhyAya tathA vandanA kara sakatA hai| svastha-avasthA meM yadi zramaNa use mastaka para chAyArtha uttolita karatA hai, apane vakSasthala ko AcchAdita karatA hai aura mastaka para usase AvaraNa banAtA hai to use prAyazcittakalyANaka dene kA vidhAna hai| rUgNadazA meM ina sabako doSa nahIM mAnA gayA hai / AcArya kI vandanA ke samaya 'maiM vandanA karatA hU~' aisA kahate hue pazvardhazayyA se avasthita hokara mastaka se picchI ko sparza karAte hue vandanA karanA caahie| jaba AcArya prativandana kareM taba unheM sapicchAJjali honA caahie|" tathA jaba zramaNa ko prAyazcitta diyA jAtA hai taba unako piccho kA lomAnabhAga Age rakhanA cAhie / yaha usake prAyazcittIya hone kA pratIka hai / isa prakAra saMyamopakaraNa meM mayUrapicchikA kA upayoga prAcIna kAla se hI muni karate A rahe haiM kyoMki yaha dayA pAlana kA cihna hai| sarpa, bicchU Adi jIva-jantu mayUra-picchI ke pAsa nahIM A pAte / mayUra paMkha muktAphala, sIpa Adi kI taraha pavitra mAne jAte haiM ataH unase nirmita picchikA svabhAvataH pavitra hotI hai / sakalakIrti ke anusAra pratilekhana ke lie mayUrapicchi dhAraNa zreSThatA kI bAta hai| tIrthaMkara paramadeva ne ise sUkSma jIvoM ko rakSAtmaka hone se dayopakaraNa ke rUpa meM yogiyoM ke lie prazaMsanIya kahA haiM / 2. zaucopakaraNa (kamaNDalu)-pratilekhana ke lie zramaNa apane pAsa jahA~ 'picchI anivArya rUpa meM rakhate haiM usI taraha zuddhi ke lie kamaNDalu bhI Avazyaka hotA hai / pANi-pAda-prakSAlana tathA mala-mUtra tyAga ke bAda zuddhi ke lie kamaNDalu meM prAsuka jala rakhate haiM / AcArya kundakunda ne AdAna-nikSepaNa samiti ke prasaMga meM vizuddhi ke lie zaucopakaraNa ke rUpa meM kamaNDalu kA ullekha kiyA hai| 1. bhadrabAhu kriyAkoza 7-9. 2. cAritrasAra 43. 3. prAyazcitta samuccaya 75. 4. AcArasAra 61. 5. vahI 62. 6. picchi kamaNDalu-pRSTha 97. 7. malAcAra pradIpa 9 / 32. 8. zaucasya purISAdimalApaharaNasyopadhirupakaraNaM zaucopadhimUtrapurISAdi prazAlana nimittaM kuMDikAdidravyam-mUlAcAra vRtti 1 / 14. 9. pothaikamaMDalAiM gahaNa visaggesu"niyamasAra 54.

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zramaNa saMgha : 413 vasunandi ne pratilekhana karane yogya prasaMgoM meM kamaNDalu ke lie 'kuNDikA' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki kuNDikA grahaNa karate samaya piccho se pratilekhana avazya kara lenA caahie|' vastutaH picchI apratilekhana guNa se yukta hai kintu kamaNDalu meM sammUchena jIvoM kI utpatti hotI rahatI hai ataH unake nirAkaraNArtha eka pakSa meM use bAhara-bhItara se prakSAlita karate rahanA caahie| yadi eka pakhavAr3e ke pazcAt bhI kamaNDalu kA samprokSaNa (zodhana) nahIM kiyA gayA to pratikramaNa tathA upavAsa karanA hogaa| 3. jJAnopakaraNa:-zramaNoM ke dainika jIvana meM svAdhyAya kA viziSTa sthAna hai / svAdhyAya eka tapa bhI hai tathA sAdhu ke pAMca AcAroM meM se jJAnAcAra kA aMga bhI hai / svAdhyAya ke cAra kAla haiM, jinameM muni ko sadA svAdhyAya meM nirata rahanA caahie| vividha zAstroM kA adhyayana, manana aura cintana unake dainika jIvana kA pramukha aMga hai| isake lie vividha zAstroM, pustakoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai jinake dvArA adhyayana-adhyApana, jJAnavardhana, lekhana tathA usakA prasAra Adi kArya karate rahate hai| mUlAcAra meM pustaka (pucchaya) Adi ko jJAnopakAraka kahA hai| 4. anya upakaraNa-bhUmi para zayana karanA zramaNoM kA eka mUlaguNa hai / ve. prAsuka bhUmi-pradeza meM apane zarIra pramANa alpa saMstara para pracchanna evaM ekAnta sthAna meM dhanuSAkAra rUpa meM eka pArzva (karavaTa) se sote haiN| isa dRSTi se anya upakaraNa se tAtparya 'alpa saMstara' hai| vasunandi ke anusAra jisameM bahu-saMyama kA vighAta na ho vaha tRNamaya, kASThamaya evaM zilAmaya bhUmi pradeza alpasaMstara hai| ___ isa taraha zramaNoM ko saMyama, zuddhi hetu atyAvazyaka evaM kama se kama upakaraNoM ke upayoga kA vidhAna hai / vastutaH rAga kI mAtrA meM jitanI kamI hotI jAtI hai / utanI ho mAtrA meM vItarAgatA ko vRddhi hotI jAtI hai| ataH digambara paramparA.. 1. AdAne kuMDikAdi grahaNe-vahI 10 / 23, 4 / 138. 2. zazvada vizoSayet sAdhu pakSe pakSe kamaNDalum / . tadazodhayato deyaM sopasthAnopavAsanam / / -prAyazcitta samuccaya 88 (picchi kamaNDalu pR0 103). 3. jJAnasya zrutajJAnasyopadhirupakaraNaM jJAnopadhirjJAnanimittaM pustakAdi-mUlAcAra-- vRtti 1 / 14. 4. pucchayaM-pustakaM jJAnopakArakam-vahI 41138, 140. 5. phAsuyabhUmipaese appasaMthAridamhi pacchaNNe / daMDaMghaNuvva sejjaM khidisayaNaM evapAseNa / / mUlAcAra 1 / 32. 6. mUlAcAravRtti 1132.

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414 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ke zramaNoM ko picchI aura kamaNDala ina do upakaraNoM ke hI rakhane kA vidhAna hai| pustaka, zAstrAdi jJAnopakaraNa kA bhI apanA vizeSa mahattva hai kintu inheM sadA apane sAtha rakhane meM bahuvidha kaThinAiyA~ rahatI hai| isake lie grAmAnugrAma vihAra ke samaya zramaNa inheM zAstrabhaNDAroM, jinAlayoM tathA svAdhyAya parAyaNa zrAvakoM se prApta karake upayoga karate haiN| zramaNa saMgha : eka punarAvalokana : atyanta sudUra kAla se hI zramaNa saMgha kA svarUpa eka susaMgaThita rUpa meM hamAre sAmane AtA hai| yadyapi aitihAsika dRSTi se adhyAtma sAdhanA kA saMghIyakaraNa bhagavAn pArzva ke samaya se yA usase pUrva hI ho cukA thA, phira bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ne tatkAlIna apekSAoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue zramaNa saMgha kA jo pallavana kiyA vaha apratima thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki mUlAcAra ke samaya zramaNa saMgha kA rUpa gaNa, gaccha, kula Adi rUpa meM hote hue bhI AtmaniyaMtrita, anuzAsita evaM suvyavasthita rUpa meM dikhAI detA hai / AcArya, upAdhyAya Adi padoM kI vyavasthA usake suvyavasthita saMcAlana aura jJAna-saMyama kI vRddhi evaM AtmotkarSa ke lie thii| AcArya, upAdhyAya, pravartaka, sthavira aura gaNadhara-ye saMgha ke pA~ca AdhAra the / isIlie zramaNa saMgha kA sakSama netRtva, sugaThita evaM sarvAMga paripUrNa savidhAna yukta thA jisameM anuzAsana, saMcAlana kI pravidhiyA~ aura vyavasthAyeM apane yuga kI sarvocca upalabdhiyA~ thiiN| saMgha meM AcArya, upAdhyAya Adi vividha padoM ko niyukti bhI AcArya hI karate the| . zramaNoM ke AhAra, vihAra, vyavahAra evaM saMyama-sAdhanA Adi sambandhI niyama aura kartavya sunizcita the / AcArya ke sAnidhya meM saMgha meM rahakara zramaNa inakA pAlana karate haiN| yadi koI inakA ullaMghana karatA to use vyavasthita daNDa-nIti ke antargata daNDita kiyA jAtA thaa| vizAla saMgha ke vyavasthita saMcAlana hetu prAsuka AhAra caryA tathA nirbAdha jJAna-dhyAna aura saMyama kI sAdhanA ke lie gaNa, gaccha aura kula kI vyavasthA thI, jo saMgha kI hI IkAiyoM ke rUpa meM kAma karate the aura eka saMgha pramukha AcArya ke netRtva meM hI inakI vyavasthA kA saMcAlana hotA thaa| AcArya hI inake pramukha niyukta karatA thaa| sabhI kI maryAdAyeM, paraspara vyavahAra, kAryoM kA vibhAjana-saba kucha vyavasthita DhaMga se hotA thaa| eka-dUsare ke gaNa, gaccha tathA eka-dUsare AcArya ke pAsa vizeSa jJAna-dhyAna kI sAdhanA athavA sallekhanA Adi ke nimitta Agantuka zramaNa ke rUpa meM Ane-jAne kA mArga prazasta thA tathA saba kucha sahaja rUpa meM calatA rahatA thaa| dhIre-dhIre ina saba meM kiJcita parivartana aayaa| gaNa, gaccha Adi zAkhAoM kI vibhAjana-rekhA spaSTa rUpa meM sAmane Ane lgii| isIlie AcArya vaTTakera ko

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zramaNa saMgha : 415 kSobha-pUrvaka yaha kahane ke lie bAdhya honA par3A ki gaNa meM praveza kI apekSA vivAha karake ghara basA lenA acchA hai kyoMki vivAha se to rAga kI utpatti hotI hai kintu gaNa to aneka doSoM kI khAna hai / vaTTakerAcArya ne zithilAcArI pravRttiyoM kI kar3e zabdoM meM nindA kI aura aise zramaNoM ko DhoMDhAcArya, samaNapollo jaise zabdoM se sambodhita kiyA evaM pArzvastha, kuzIla Adi pApa-zramaNoM se sadA dUra rahane ko kahA / saMgha meM rahakara jJAna-dhyAna evaM saMyama kI sAdhanA meM saMlagna rahanevAle zramaNoM ko prazasA kI aura kahA ki jaise navaprasUtA gAya apane bachar3e ke prati sahaja vAtsalya aura snehabhAva rakhatI hai vaise hI cAroM gatirUpa saMsAra se pAra karane meM kAraNabhUta - caturvidha saMgha meM vAtsalya rakhanA cAhie / yahI kAraNa hai ki dakSiNa bhArata meM bahuta sAla taka bhadrabAhu ke bAda kisI saMgha, gaNa, gaccha kA nirmANa na ho skaa|| zramaNa sadha: parivartana kI dizA:DaoN. gulAbacaMdra caudharI ke anusAra aitihAsika dRSTi se zramaNa saMgha kA gaNa, gaccha Adi rUpa meM vibhAjana vikrama kI tIsarI zatI ke uttarAdha kA hai| isake pahale samagra jaina saMgha kA nAma nirgrantha saMgha thaa| dakSiNI jainadharma kI mAnyatA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bAda guru-paramparA meM vIra nirvANa saMvat 683 arthAt lohAcArya taka eka-eka hI AcArya ziSya paramparA se cale Aye aura unako kinhI zAkhA-prazAkhAoM kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra nirvANa ke bAda karIba 700 varSoM meM samasta jaina saMgha ko vikAsazIla paayaa| kintu deza-kAla evaM mAnavIya pravRttiyoM kA Azraya lekara vaha vikasita hotA rahA aura IsA kI prathama-dvitIya zatAbdiyoM meM katipaya bhedoM meM prasphuTita hone lagA / isake bAda use nae deza, naye vAtAvaraNa, naye rAjyAzraya aura naye samAja meM paristhitivaza apanI vyavasthA karanI par3I, jina vyavasthAoM ke nAma para usameM Avazyaka parivartana anivArya ho gayA / jaina muni kA Adarza jo mahAvIra ke yuga meM thA, vaha 700 varSa bAda paryApta badala gayA thaa| tila-tuSa parigraha na rakhane vAlA nigrantha bho jamAne kI capeTa meM A apavAda mArga kA Alambana le dhArmika saMsthAoM kI vyavasthA dekhane ke nAma para pravRttimArgI hone lagA thA / usane navIna rAjyAzraya pA naye saghoM, gaNoM evaM gacchoM kI sthApanA kii| naI-naI AcArya paramparAyeM kAyama huI, jinameM kucha to sthAnIya aura kucha vyApaka rUpa dhAraNa karane lagI / isa naI vyavasthA ke kAla meM bhI nivRttimArgI paramparAnuyAyo sAdhuoM kA bar3A samAja thA jo vijJApanahIna janajIvana se pare, apanI AtmaArAdhanA meM lagA rahatA thA aura apane sahamiyoM kI ukta pravRtti kA samaya-samayapara tIna virodha karatA thaa|' 1. AcArya bhikSu smRti grantha : DaoN0 gulAbacaMdra caudharI kA lekha 'digambara jainasaMgha ke atIta ko eka jhAMkI' se.

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416 : mUlAcAra kA samokSAtmaka adhyayana paravartI kAla meM digambara paramparA ke mUlasaMgha meM sthAna Adi ke nAma para vizeSakara karnATaka ke sthAnoM se sthApita kaI prakAra ke saMgha, gaNa aura gaccha. Adi zAkhAoM kA ullekha milatA hai / jaise 1. saMgha-isake antargata navilUrasaMgha, mayUrasaMgha, kicUrasaMgha, kozalanUrasaMgha, ganezvarasaMgha, goDasaMgha, zrIsaMgha, siMghasaMgha, paralUrasaMgha Adi / - 2. gaNa-balAtkAragaNa (prArambhika nAma-balihArI yA balagAra), sUrasthagaNa, krANUra, kAlona, udAra, yogariya, pulAgavRkSa, mUlagaNa, paMkura Adi / 3. gaccha-citrakUTa, hottage, tigarila, hogari, pArijAta, meSapASANa, titriNIka, sarasvatI, pustaka, vakragaccha Adi / 4. anvaya-koNDakundAnvaya, zrIpurAnvaya, kittUrAnvaya, candrakavATAnvaya, citrakUTAnvaya aadi|' mUlasaMgha ke ina bheda-prabhedoM ke bAvajUda isameM zuddhAcArI aura tapasvI zramaNoM kI kamI na thI aura aise ho zramaNoM ne zithilAcAra ko dUra karane aura zramaNasaMgha kI mUla paramparAoM ko sudRr3ha karane meM mahAn yoga diyaa| __ isa prakAra zramaNasaMgha ke adhyayana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki yaha vicAroM meM jitanA madhyamArgI hai, AcAra meM utanA hI sudRr3ha, maryAdAbaddha evaM anuzAsita hai / bhagavAn mahAvora se lekara aba taka isakA eka nizcita vikAsa-krama spaSTa dikhalAI par3atA hai / deza-kAla kI paristhitiyoM ke anusAra isameM aneka utAracar3hAva Ate rahe tathA samaya-samaya para atyanta kaThina paristhitiyoM meM AgamAnakala AcAra-vicAra aura vyavahAra ke pAlana meM kaThinAIyAM utpanna huI kintu vasI sthiti meM bhI mUla AcAra-vicAra ke patha se kabhI vicalita nahIM hue / dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva ke anusAra AcAryoM ne mUla uddezya ko surakSita rakhate hue kiJcit parivartana ko nayI vyavasthAyeM aura nayI dizAyeM bhI pradAna kI tAki jainadharma ke mAdhyama se AtmakalyANa kA mArga prazasta hotA rahe / isa taraha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke uparAnta zramaNasaMgha pragati evaM vikAsa kI ora nirantara agrasara rahA aura apane maulika siddhAntoM kA pracAra-prasAra evaM unakI rakSA vividha mAdhyamoM dvArA deza-dezAntara taka prAcInakAla se aba taka karatA A rahA hai| 1. AcArya bhikSu smRti grantha : DaoN. gulAbacandra caudharI kA lekha 'di0 jaina saMgha ke : atIta kI eka jhAMkI' se.

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AryikAoM kI AcAra paddhati caturvidha saMgha meM AryikAoM kA sthAna : __ muni, AryikA, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha zramaNa saMgha meM 'AryikA' kA dUsarA sthAna hai / prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva se lekara antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra tathA inako uttaravartI paramparA meM AyikA saMgha kI eka vyavasthita AcAra paddhati evaM unakA svarUpa dRSTigocara hotA hai / zramaNa saMskRti ke unnayana meM inakI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA kI sabhI sarAhanA karate haiN| yadyapi bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana ke Arambhika kAla meM striyoM ko samAja meM pUrNa sammAna kA darjA prApta nahIM thA kintu bhagavAn mahAvIra ne striyoM ko samAja aura sAdhatA ke kSetra meM sammAnapUrNa sthAna dene meM pahala kii| inhoMne apane saMva meM striyoM ko 'AryikA' (samaNI yA sAdhvI) ke rUpa meM dIkSita karake inake Atma-sammAna evaM kalyANa kA mArga prazasta kiyaa| isakA sIdhA prabhAva tatkAlIna bauddha saMgha para bhI par3A aura mahAtmA buddha ko bhI antataH apane saMva meM striyoM ko bhitaNI ke rUpa meM praveza denA prArambha karanA pdd'aa| __ AcAra viSayaka digambara paramparA ke prAyaH sabhI granthoM meM jisa vistAra ke sAtha muniyoM ke AcAra-vicAra Adi kA vistRta evaM sUkSma vivecana milatA hai, AyikAoM ke AcAra-vicAra kA utanA svatantra vivecana nahIM milatA / sAdhanA ke kSetra meM muni aura AryikA meM kiJcit antara spaSTa karake AryikA ke lie muniyoM ke samAna hI AcAra-vicAra kA pratiApAdana isa sAhitya meM milatA hai| mUlAcArakAra evaM vRttikAra ne kahA hai ki jaisA samAcAra (samyak AcAra evaM vyavahAra Adi) zramaNoM ke lie kahA gayA hai usameM vRkSamUla, abhrAvakAza evaM AtApana Adi yogoM ko chor3akara ahorAtra sambandhI sampUrNa samAcAra AryikAoM ke lie bhI yathAyogya rUpa meM samajhanA caahie|' isIlie svataMtra evaM vistRta rUpa meM AryikAoM ke AcArAdi kA pratipAdana Avazyaka nahIM samajhA gayA / . vastutaH vRkSamUlayoga (varSARtu meM vRkSa ke nIce khar3e hokara dhyAna karanA), AtApanayoga (pracaNDa dhUpa meM bhI parvata kI coTI para khar3e hokara dhyAna karanA), 1. eso ajjANaMpi a sAmAcAro jahakkhio punvaM / samvahmi ahorattaM vibhAsidavvo jadhAjoggaM / mUlAcAra savRtti 4 / 187. 27

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418 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana abhrAvakAzayoga (zIta Rtu meM khule AkAza meM dhyAna karanA tathA dina meM sUrya kI ora mukha karake khaDgAsana mudrA meM dhyAna karanA) evaM acelakatva (nagnatA) Adi kucha aise pakSa haiM jo striyoM kI zarIra-prakRti ke anukUla na hone ke kAraNa unakA AcaraNa bhI sambhava nahIM hai| isIlie AryikAyeM upacAra se mahAvratAdi mUlaguNoM kI dhAraka mAnI jAtI haiM / upacAra se mahAvata hone ke kAraNa tadbhava mokSa nahIM : siddhAntarUpa meM aneka kAraNoM se AyikAoM meM upacAra se mahAvrata mAne jAte haiM ataH unheM tadabhava mokSagAmI nahIM mAnA jaataa| mUlAcAra ke caturtha 'samAcAra adhikAra' ke anta meM eka adhikAra samApti sUcaka gAthA isa prakAra hai-- evaM vidhANa cariyaM caraMti je sAdhavo ya ajjaao| te guNapujja kitti suhaM ca laLUNa sijjhanti / / 4 / 196. - isakA artha hai-isa samAcAra adhikAra meM jo vidhAnacaryA (samAcAra) kahI gaI hai usakA jo sAdhu-AryikAyeM AcaraNa karate haiM, ve jagat se pUjA ko, yaza ko aura sukha ko prApta karake siddha gati ko prApta hote haiN| AcArya vaTTakera ke isa sAmAnya kathana ke AdhAra para kucha vidvAnoM ne digambara paramparA meM bhI strI mukti ko siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| kintu granthakAra kA hArda na samajhane ke kAraNa hI aise vizeSa artha nikAle jAte haiN| jabaki granthakAra kA spaSTa kathana hai ki jagat meM pUjA, yaza aura sukha prApta karake siddha hote haiM / isameM yaha kathana kahIM nahIM hai ki iso bhava se mokSa prApta kreNge| vastutaH jagatpUjyatA Adi vizeSatAoM kI prApti meM hI jova ke kaI (aneka) bhava vyatIta ho jAte haiM / siddhAnta yaha hai ki samyagdarzana, samyak jJAna pUrvaka svocita mokSamArga kA AryikAyeM pAlana karatI hai taba vartamAna bhava sahita kama se kama tIna bhava dhAraNa karake manuSya-bhava pUrvaka niyama se mokSa jAtI haiM / AryikAoM ko paMcama guNasthAna hotA haiN|' mokSapAhuDa TIkA meM kahA hai ki sajjAtitva batalAne ke lie striyoM meM mahAvratoM kA upacAra hotA hai, paramArtha se unake mahAvrata nahIM hote kyoMki unakI kAMkha meM, stanoM ke bIca meM, nAbhi meM aura yoni meM nirantara jIvoM kI utpatti aura vinAza rUpa hiMsA hotI rahato hai aura phira striyA~ ahamindra pada bhI prApta 1. suttapAhuDa TIkA 25.

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AryikAoM kI AcAra paddhati : 419 nahIM kara sakatIM taba mokSa kaise prApta kara sakatI hai ? yadi striyA~ mukta hotI to usa paryAya kI mUrtiyoM kI pUjA kyoM nahIM kI jAtI ?' isIlie digambara paramparA ne striyoM ko tadbhava mokSagAmI nahIM mAnA, kyoMki mokSa ke kAraNabhUta jo jJAnAdi guNa haiM unakA prakarSa striyoM meM nahIM hotaa| isI taraha saptama pRthvI (naraka) meM jAne ke kAraNabhUta pApa kA parama prakarSa bhI striyoM meM nahIM pAyA jAtA hai / yadyapi striyoM meM sAmAnyataH saMyama to hai kintu vaha saMyama mokSa kA kAraNa nahIM hai, jaise tiryaJca yA gRhastha kA saMyama mokSa kA kAraNa nahIM hai / zAstroM meM vastra rahita saMyama striyoM ko nahIM batalAyA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI striyoM ko acelakatva (vastra rahita hone) kA niSedha kiyA hI gayA hai / vastra-grahaNa meM aneka prakAra se jIkoM kA ghAta hotA hai / vastra grahaNa se bAhya parigraha tathA sva-zarIra kA anurAgAdi rUpa Abhyantara parigraha striyoM ke hotA hai| pravacanasAra kI do prakSepaka gAthAoM meM kahA hai ki samyagdarzana kI zuddhi, -sUtroM ke adhyayana se saMyukta tathA ghora pakSopavAsa, mAsopavAsa Adi tapazcaraNa rUpa cAritra-ina sabase yukta striyoM ke bhI sabhI karmoM kI nirjarA nahIM hotii| suttapAhuDa meM yahI kathana hai kintu yahA~ 'Na NijjarA' ke sthAna para 'Na pAvayA' zabda hai jisakA artha paM0 jayacanda jI chAvar3A ne apanI bhASA vacanikA TIkA meM kiyA hai ki-strIni virSe jo strI samyaktva kari sahita hoya aura tapazcaraNa kareM to pApa-rAhata hoya svarga kU prApta hoya tAtai prazaMsA yogya hai aura strI paryAya taiM mokSa nAhIM / viraktAvasthA meM bhI striyoM ko vastra dhAraNa kA vidhAna hai| 1. mokkhapAhuDa gAthA 12 kI zrutasAgarIya TIkA. 2. mokSaheturmAnAdiparamaprakarSaH strISu nAsti paramaprakarSatvAt saptamapRthvIgamana kAraNApuNyaparamaprakarSavat / "saMyamamAtraM tu sadapyAsAM na taddhetuH tiryaggRhasthAdisaMyamavat / 'na strINAM nirvastra : saMyamo dRSTaH pravacanapratipAdito vA / -prameyakamalamArtaNDa 2 / 12. 3. no kappai niggaMthIe aceliyAe hottae-bRhatkalpa sUtra 5 / 19. 4. gRhIte'pi vastra jantUpaghAtastadavasthaH / vastragRhaNAdi bAhyaparigraho'bhya ntaraM svazarIrAnurAgAdiparigrahamanumApayati-prameyakamala mArtaNDa 2 / 12. 5. jadi daMsaNeNa suddhA suttajjhayaNeNa cAvi saMjuttA / ghoraM caradi va cariyaM itthissa Na NijjarA bhaNidA // pravacanasAra 225:8. 6. suttapAhuDa 25. .

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.420 : mUlAcAra kA samokSAtmaka adhyayana - ataH nirdoSa hone para bhI unheM apanA zarIra sadA vastroM se Dhake rahanA par3atA hai|' isIlie striyoM ko tadbhava mokSagAmI hone kA vidhAna nahIM hai| AryikAoM meM upacAra se mahAvrata bhI zramaNa saMgha kI vyavasthA mAtra ke lie kahe gaye haiM kintu upacAra meM sAkSAt hone kI sAmarthya nahIM hotii| yadi strI tadbhava se mokSa jAtI hotI to sau varSa kI dIkSitA-AryikA ke dvArA Aja kA navadIkSita muni bhI vaMdanIya' kaise hotA ? vaha AryikA hI usa zramaNa dvArA vaMdanIya kyoM na hotI ? virakta striyoM ko bhI vastra dhAraNa ke vidhAna meM unakI zarIra-pravRtti hI mukhya kAraNa hai, kyoMki pratimAsa cittazuddhikA vinAzaka rakta-sravaNa hotA hai, kAMkha, yoni aura stana Adi avayavoM meM kaI taraha ke sUkSmajIva utpanna hote rahane se unase pUrNa saMyama kA pAlana sambhava nahIM ho sakatA / isIlie inhIM saba kAraNoM ke sAtha ho' svabhAva se pUrNa nirbhayatA evaM nirmalatA kA abhAva, pariNAmoM meM zithilatA kA sadbhAva tathA niHzaMka rUpa meM ekAgracintA nirodha rUpa dhyAna kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa sUtrapAhaDa meM striyoM kI dIkSA taka kA niSedha kiyA hai / isa prakAra uttama saMhanana ke abhAva ke kAraNa zuddhopayoga rUpa pariNAma, tathA nagna mudrA Adi AryikAoM ko sambhava nahIM hai| isa taraha vastra tyAga kI azakyatA hone se tatsambandhI nirAkulatA evaM citta kI dRr3hatA unameM nahIM ho sakatI aura na inheM sAmAyikacAritra kI hI prApti ho sakatI hai, ataH inameM upacAra se hI mahAvrata kahe gaye haiM / zvetAmbara paramparA ke bRhatkalpa meM kahA hai ki sAdhviyA~ bhikSu-pratimAyeM dhAraNa nahIM kara sktiiN| lakuTAsana-utkaTukAsana, vIrAsana Adi Asana nahIM 1. Na viNA vaTTadi NArI ekkaM vA tesu jIvaloyamhi / Na hi saMuDaM ca gattaM tamhA tAsi ca saMvaraNaM / / pravacanasAra 225 / 5. 2. strINAmapi muktina bhavati mahAvratAbhAvAt-mokkhapAhuDa TIkA 12. 3. varisasayadikkhiyAe ajjAe ajja dikkhio sAhU / abhigamaNa vaMdaNa namasaNeNa viNaeNa so pujjo // mokkhapAhuDa TIkA 12 / 1. 4. liMgamhi ya itthINaM thagaMtare NAhikakkhapadesesu / bhaNido suhumuppAdo tAsiM kaha saMjamo hodi / pravacanasAra 225 / 7. 5. suttapAhuDa gAthA 7. 6. cittAsohi Na tesi DhillaM bhAvaM tahA sahAveNa / vijjadi mAsA tesiM itthIsu Na'saMkayA jhANaM / suttapAhuDa 26.

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AyikAoM kI AcAra paddhati : 421 kara sktiiN| gA~va ke bAhara sUrya ke sAmane hAtha U~cA karake AtApanA nahIM le sakatI tathA acela evaM apAtra (jinakalpa) avasthA dhAraNa nahIM kara sktiiN|' bauddha paramparA meM bhI strI samyaka-sambuddha nahIM ho sktii| AyikA ke lie prayukta zabda : vartamAna samaya meM sAmAnyataH digambara paramparA mahAvrata Adi dhAraNa karane vAlI dIkSita strI ko 'AryikA' tathA zvetAmbara paramparA meM inheM 'sAdhvI' kahA jAtA hai / digambara prAcIna zAstroM meM inake lie AyikA', AryA', viratI, saMyatI, saMyatA, zramaNI', Adi zabdoM ke prayoga milate haiN| pradhAna AryikA ko gaNinI tathA saMyama, sAdhanA evaM dIkSA meM jyeSTha vRddhA AryikA ko sthavirA (therI)deg kahA gayA hai / yAyikAoM kA veSa : ___ AyikAyeM nirvikAra vastra evaM veSa dhAraNa karane vAlI tathA pUrI taraha se zarIra-saMskAra (sAja-zRMgAra Adi) se rahita hotI haiM / unakA AcaraNa sadA apane dharma, kula, kIrti evaM dIkSA ke anurUpa nirdoSa hotA hai|" vasunandI ke anusAraAyikAoM ke vastra, veSa aura zarIra Adi vikRti se rahita, svAbhAvika-sAttvika hote haiM arthAt ve raMga-viraMge vastra, vilAsayukta gamana aura bhUvikAra-kaTAkSa Adi se rahita veSa ko dhAraNA karane vAlI hotI haiN| jalla (prasveda-pasInA se yukta raja) 1. bRhatkalpa 5119-34 taka (cAritra prakAza pRSTha 139.) 2. aTTAnametaM bhikkhave anavakAso yaM itthI arahaM assa sammAsambuddho-aMguttara nikAya 119. 3. bha0 A0 396 tathA vi0 TIkA 421. 4. mUlAcAra 41177, 184, 185, 187, 191, 196, suttapAhuDa 22. 5. vahI, 4 / 180, 10 / 61. 6. mUlAcAra vRtti 4 / 177. 7. tyaktAzeSa gRhasthaveSaracanA maMdodarI saMyatA / padmapurANa 8. zrImatI zramaNI pArve babhUvuH paramAryikA / vahI, 9. gaNiNI mUlAcAra 4 / 178, 192. gaNinI mahattarikA -vahI vRtti 4 / 178, 192. 10. therIhiM sahaMtaridA bhikkhAya samodaraMti sadA / mUlAcAra 4 / 194. 11. avikAravatthavesA jllmlvilittcttdehaao| dhammakulakittidikkhA paDirUpavisuddhacariyAo // mUlAcAra 4 / 190.

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42. : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana aura maila se yukta jinakA gAtra rahatA hai, jo kisI bhI prakAra kA zarIra-saMskAra nahIM karatI-aisI ye AryikAyeM kSamA, mArdava Adi dharma, mAtA-pitA ke kula, apanA yaza aura apane vratoM ke anurUpa nirdoSa caryA karatI haiN|' suttapAhuDa tathA isakI zrutasAgarIya TIkA meM tIna prakAra ke veSa (liMga) kA kathana hai-1. muni, 2. gyArahavIM pratimAdhArI utkRSTa zrAvaka-ailaka evaM kSullaka tathA 3. AryikA / kahA hai tosarA liMga (veSa) strI (AryikA) kA hai / ise dhAraNa karane vAlI strI dina meM eka bAra AhAra grahaNa karatI hai| vaha AyikA bhI ho to eka hI vastra dhAraNa kare tathA vastrAvaraNa yukta avasthA meM hI AhAra grahaNa kare / ___ vastutaH striyoM meM utkRSTa veSa ko dhAraNa karane vAlI AryikA aura kSullikAye do hotI haiM / donoM hI dina meM eka bAra AhAra letI haiM / AryikA mAtra eka vastra tathA kSullikA eka sAr3I ke sivAya or3hane ke lie eka cAdara bhI rakhatI haiM / bhojana karate samaya eka sapheda sAr3I rakhakara hI donoM AhAra karatI haiM / arthAt AryikA ke pAsa to eka sAr3I hai para kSullikA eka sAr3I sahita kintu cAdara rahita hokara AhAra karatI haiN| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI kSallikA kA ullekha milatA hai / bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM sampUrNa parigraha ke tyAgarUpa autsargika liMga meM cAra bAteM Avazyaka mAnI gaI haiM--acelatA, kezaloca, zarIra-saMskAra-tyAga aura pratilekhana (picchii)| kintu striyoM ke acelatA (nagnatA) kA vidhAna na hote hue bhI arthAt tapasvinI striyA~ eka sAr3I mAtra parigraha rakhate hae bhI unameM autsargika liMga mAnA gayA hai / arthAt unameM bhI mamatva tyAga ke kAraNa upacAra se nirgranthatA kA vyavahAra hotA hai| parigraha alpa kara dene se strI ke utsarga 1. mUlAcAra vRtti 4 / 190. 2. suttapAhuDa 10, 21, 22. 3. liMga itthINaM havadi bhuMjai piDaM sueyakAlammi / ajjiya vi ekkavatthA vatthAvaraNeNa bhuMjei / / suttapAhuDa 22. 4. suttapAhuDa zrutasAgarIya TIkA 22. 5. khuDDA ya khuDDiyAo''bha0 A0 396. 6. accelakkaM loco vosaTTasarIradA ya pddilihrnn| eso hu liMgakappo cadunviho hodi ussagge // bha0 A0 79.

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AryikAoM kI AcAra paddhati : 423. liMga hotA hai| isIliye sAgAra dharmAmRta meM kahA bhI hai ki eka kaupIna (laMgoTI) mAtra meM mamatva bhAva rakhane se utkRSTa zrAvaka (ailaka) bhI mahAvratI nahIM kahalAtA jabaki AryikA sAr3I meM bhI mamatva bhAva na rakhane se upacarita mahAvrata ke yogya hotI hai / ___ vastutaH striyoM kI zarIra-prakRti ho aisI hai ki unheM apane zarIra ko vastra se sadA Dhake rakhanA Avazyaka hotA hai / isIlie Agama meM kAraNa kI apekSA se AryikAoM ko vastra kI anujJA hai / zvetAmbara paramparA ke bRhatkalpasUtra (5 / 19) meM bhI kahA hai-no kappai niggaMthIe aceliyAe hottae-arthAt nimranthiyoM (AryikAoM) ko acelaka (nirvastra) rahanA nahIM klptaa| AcArya kundakundakRta pravacanasAra kI prakSepaka gAthA meM kahA hai ki nirdoSa hone para bhI AryikAoM ko apanA zarIra vastroM se Dhake rahanA par3atA hai ataH viraktAvasthA meM bhI unheM vastra dhAraNa kA vidhAna hai| isIlie vastra tyAga kI AzakyatA hone se tatsambandhI nirAkulatA evaM citta kI dRr3hatA unameM ho nahIM sakatI ataH AryikAoM meM upacAra se hI mahAvrata kahe haiM / daulata 'kriyA koza' meM kahA hai ki AryikAyeM eka sAdI sapheda dhotI (sAr3I), picchI, kamaNDalu evaM zAstra rakhatI hai / baiThakara karapAtra meM AhAra grahaNa karatI haiM tathA apane hAthoM se kezaluJcana karatI haiN| isa prakAra aTThAIsa mUlaguNa (upacAra se) aura samAcAra vidhi kA AyikAyeM pAlana karatI haiN| sAr3I mAtra parigraha dhAraNa karatI haiM arthAt eka bAra meM eka sAr3I pahanatI haiM--aise do sAr3I kA parigraha rahatA hai 6 zvetAmbara paramparA meM sAdhvI ko cAra vastra rakhane kA vidhAna hai / eka vastra 1. bha0 A0. 80 vijayodayA TIkA sahita / 2. kaupIne'pi samUrchatvAnnArhatyAryo mahAvratam / api bhAktamamUrchatvAt sATake'pyAryikArhati / / sAgAradharmAmRta 8 / 37. 3. AryikANAmAgame anujJAtaM vastraM kAraNApekSayA--bha0 A0 vijayodayA 423. pR0 324. 4. pravacanasAra gAthA 225 ke bAda prakSepaka gAthA 5. 5. kriyAkoza : mahAkavi daulatarAmakRta / 6. vastrayugmaM suvIbhatsaliMgapracchAdanAya ca / AryANAM saMkalpena tRtIye mUlamiSyate // prAyazcitta saMgraha 119.

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424 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana do hAtha kA, do vastra tIna hAtha ke aura eka vastra cAra hAtha kaa| kintu ye vastra zveta raMga ke hI hone cAhie zveta vastra chor3akara vividha raMgoM Adi se vibhUSita jo vastra dhAraNa karatI hai vaha AryA nahIM apitu zAsana kI avahelanA karate vAlI veSa-viDambanI hai|2 kadAcit vastra-tyAga kA bhI vidhAna : sAgAra dharmAmRta meM kahA hai ki (jinendradeva ne strI kA jo autsagika liMga yA anya pada Adi kahA hai vaha usake saMstara para ArohaNa ke samaya mRtyu kAla meM tathA ekAnta vasatikA Adi sthAna meM vastra mAtra kA bhI parityAga kara sakatI hai|' vasatikA : gahasthoM ke mizraNa se rahita vasatikA, jahA~ parastrI-laMpaTa, cora, dRSTajana tiryaJcoM evaM asaMyata janoM kA samparka na ho, sAtha hI jahA~ yatiyoM kA nivAsa yA unakI sannikaTatA na ho, asaMjJiyoM ( ajJAniyoM ) kA AnA-jAnA na ho aisI saMkleza rahita, bAla, vRddha Adi sabhI ke gamanAgamana yogya, vizuddha saMcAra yukta pradeza meM do, tIna athavA isase bhI adhika saMkhyA meM eka sAtha milakara AyikAoM ko rahanA caahie| zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra jahA~ manuSya adhika ekatrita hote hoM-aise rAjapatha-mukhyamArga, dharmazAlA aura tIna-cAra rAstoM ke saMgama sthala para AryikAoM ko nahIM ThaharanA cAhie / khule sthAna para tathA binA phATaka vAle sthAna para bhI nahIM rahanA caahie|5 jisa upAzraya ke samIpa gRhastha rahate hoM vahA~ sAdhuoM ko nahIM rahanA cAhie kintu sAdhviyA~ raha sakatI haiM / 1. AcArAMga sUtra 2 / 5 / 141. 2. gacchAcAra painnA 112. 3. yadautsargikamanyadvA liGgamuktaM jinaM striyAH / puMvattadiSyate mRtyukAle svalpIkRtopadheH / / -sAgAradharmAmRtA 8 / 39. jJAnadIpikA TIkA sahita / 4. agihatthamissaNilaye asaNNivAe vizuddhasaMcAre / do tiNNi va ajjAo bahugIo vA sahatthaMti // -mUlAcAra 4 / 191 vRttisahita / 5. bRhatkalpa bhASya u0 112, 2 / 11, 1. 6. bRhatkalpa sUtra prathama uddeza pratibaddhazayyAsUtra (jai0 sA0 kA vR0 iti. bhAga 2. pR0 241).

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AryikAoM kI AcAra paddhati : 425 vasatikAoM meM AyikAyeM mAtsaryabhAva chor3akara eka dUsare ke anukUla, tathA eka dUsare ke rakSaNa ke abhiprAya meM pUrNa tatpara rahatI haiN| roSa, bera aura mAyAcAra jaise vikAroM se rahita, lajjA, maryAdA aura ubhayakula-pitRkula, patikula athavA gurukula ke anurUpa AcaraNa (kriyAoM) dvArA apane cAritra kI rakSA karatI huI rahatI haiN|' AyikAoM meM bhaya, roSa Adi doSoM kA sarvathA abhAva pAyA jAtA hai| tabhI to jJAnArNava meM kahA hai zama, zIla aura saMyama se yukta apane vaMza meM tilaka ke samAna, zruta tathA satya se samanvita ye nAriyA~ (AryikAyeM) 'dhanya haiN| samAcAra : vihita evaM niSiddha caraNAnuyoga viSayaka jaina sAhitya meM zramaNa aura AryikAoM donoM ke samAcAra Adi prAyaH samAna rUpa se pratipAdita haiN| mUlAcArakAra ne inake samAcAra ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki AyikAyeM adhyayana, punarAvRtti (pATha karane) zravaNa-manana, kathana, anuprekSAoM kA cintana, tapa, vinaya tathA saMyama meM nitya hI udyata rahatI hui jJAnAbhyAsa rUpa upayoga meM satat tatpara rahatI haiM tathA mana, vacana aura kAyarUpa, yoga ke zubha anuSThAna se sadA yukta rahatI huI apanI dainika caryA pUrNa karatI haiN| kisI prayojana ke binA paragRha cAhe vaha zramaNoM kI hI vasatikA kyoM na ho yA gRhasthoM kA ghara ho, vahA~ AryikAoM kA jAnA niSiddha hai| yadi bhikSA pratikramaNa, svAdhyAya Adi vizeSa prayojana se vahA~ jAnA Avazyaka ho to gaNinI (mahattarikA yA pradhAna AryikA) se AjJA lekara anya kucha AryikAoM ke sAtha milakara jA sakatI haiM, akele nhiiN|" sva-para sthAnoM meM duHkhAta ko dekhakara ronA, azrumocana, snAna (bAlakoM ko snAnAdi kArya) karAnA, bhojana karAnA, rasoI pakAnA, sUta kAtanA tatha / chaha prakAra kA Arambha arthAt jIvaghAta kI kAraNabhUta kriyAyeM AryikAyeM nahIM karatI / saMyatoM ke pairoM meM mAliza karanA, unakA prakSAlana 1. aNNoNNaNukUlAo aNNoNNAhirakkhaNAbhijuttAo / ___ gayarosaveramAyAsalajjamajjAdakiriyAo / mUlAcAra 4 / 188. 2. jJAnArNava 12157. 3. hisTrI Apha jaina monAsijma, pR0 473. 4. ajjhayaNe pariyaTTe savaNe kahaNe tahANupehAe / ____ tavaviNayasaMjamesu ya avirahidupaogajogajuttAo / / mUlAcAra 4 / 189. 5. Na ya paragehamakajje gacche kajje avassagamaNijje / gaNiNImApucchittA saMghADeNeva gacchejja // mUlAcAra 4 / 192.

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426 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana karanA, gIta gAnA Adi kArya unheM niSiddha haiM / " asi, maSi, kRSi, vANijya, zilpa aura lekhana kArya - ye jIvaghAta ke hetubhUta chaha prakAra ko Arambha kriyAyeM haiM / pAnI lAnA, pAnI chAnanA ( cheNa), ghara ko sApha karake kUr3A-kacarA uThAnA - pheMkanA, gobara se lIpanA, jhAr3U lagAnA aura dIvAloM ko sApha karanA - ye jIvaghAta karane vAlI chaha prakAra kI Arambha kriyAyeM bhI AryikAyeM nahIM karatIM / re mUlAcAra ke piNDazuddhi adhikAra meM AhAra sambandhI utpAdana ke solaha doSoM ke antargata dhAyakarma, dUtakarma Adi kArya bhI inheM niSiddha haiM / zvetAmbara paramparA ke gacchAcArapainnA graMtha meM kahA hai' AryikA gRhasthI sambandhI kArya jaise -- sInA, bunanA, kar3hAI Adi kAryoM ko aura apanI yA dUsare kI tela mAliza Adi kArya karatI haiM vaha AryikA nahIM ho sakatI / jisa gaccha - meM AryikA gRhastha sambandhI jakAra, makAra, Adi rUpa zAsana kI avahelanA sUcaka zabda bolatI hai vaha veza- viDambanI tathA apanI AtmA ko caturgati meM ghumAne vAlI hai / " AhArArtha gamana vidhi : AhArArthaM bhikSA ke lie ve AryikAyeM tIna, pA~ca athavA sAta kI saMkhyA meM sthavirA ( vRddhA) ArthikA ke sAtha milakara unakA anugamana karatI huI tathA paraspara eka dUsare ke rakSaNa ( sa~bhAla ) kA bhAva rakhatI huI samitipUrvaka AhArArtha nikalatI haiM / deva vandanA Adi kAryoM ke lie bhI uparyukta vidhi se gamana karanA cAhie / " AryikAyeM dina meM eka bAra savidhi baiThakara karapAtra meM AhAra grahaNa karatI haiM / ' gacchAcAra painnA meM kahA haikAryavaza laghu AryA mukhya AryA ke pIche rahakara arthAt sthavirA ke pIche baiThakara. 1. rodaNaNhAvaNabhoyaNapayaNaM suttaM ca chavvihAraMbha | viradANa pAdamakkhaNa dhovaNageyaM ca Na ya kujjA | mUlAcAra 4 / 193. 2. asimaSikRSivANijya zilpalekha kriyAprArambhAstAn jIvaghAtahetUna - mUlAcAra vRtti 4 / 193.... 3. pANiyaNayaNaM cheNaM gihavoharaNaM ca gehasAramaNaM / kuDDAvalippaNaM kuDDavide edaMtu chavvihAraMbho || kunda0 mUlAcAra 4 / 74. 4. gacchAcAra painnA 113. 5. vahI 110. 6. viSNi va paMca va satta ba ajjAo aNNamaNNarakkhAo / hiM sataridA bhikkhAya samodaranti sadA / / mUlAcAra 4 / 194. 7. vahI vRtti. 8. suttapAhuDa zrutasAgarIya TIkA 22. tathA daulata kriyAkoza /

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AryikAoM kI AcAra paddhati : 427 zramaNa- pramukha ke sAtha sahaja, sarala aura nirvikAra vAkyoM dvArA mRdu vacana boleto vahI vAstavika gaccha kahalAtA hai / ' 1 svAdhyAya sambandhI vidhAna muni aura AryikA Adi sabhI ke lie svAdhyAya Avazyaka hotA hai / vaTTakera ne svAdhyAya ke viSaya meM AryikAoM ke lie likhA hai ki gaNadhara pratyekabuddha, zrutakevalI tathA abhinnadazapUrvadhara - inake dvArA kathita sUtragraMtha, aMgagraMtha tathA pUrvagraMtha - ina sabakA asvAdhyAyakAla meM adhyayana mandabuddhi ke zramaNoM aura AryikA samUha dvArA niSiddha hai / anya munizvaroM ko bhI dravya kSetra - kAla Adi kI zuddhi ke binA uparyukta sUtragraMtha par3hanA niSiddha hai / kintu ina sUtragraMthoM ke atirikta ArAdhanAniyukti, maraNavibhakti, stuti, paMcasaMgraha, pratyAkhyAna, Avazyaka tathA dharmakathA sambandhI graMthoM ko evaM aise hI anyAnya graMthoM ko AryikA Adi sabhI asvAdhyAya kAla meM bhI par3ha sakatI haiM / 2 vaMdanA - vinaya saMbaMdhI vyavahAra : vandanA pA~ca hAtha dUra se, vandanA sAta hAtha dUra se adhyApaka ( upAdhyAya) evaM zAstroM ke anuzAra sau varSa kI dIkSita AryikA se bhI nava dIkSita zramaNa pUjya aura jyeSTha mAnA gayA hai / ataH svAbhAvika hai ki AryikAyeM zramaNa ke prati apanA vinaya prakaTa karatI haiM / AryikAoM ke dvArA zramaNoM kI vandanA vidhi ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki AryikAoM ko AcArya kI upAdhyAya kI vandanA chaha hAtha dUra se evaM sAdhu kI gavAsana pUrvaka baiThakara hI karanI cAhie / yahA~ sUri, sAdhu zabda se yaha bhI sUcita hotA hai ki AcArya se pA~ca hAtha dUra se hI AlocanA evaM vandanA karanA cAhie / upAdhyAya se chaha hAtha dUra baiThakara adhyayana karanA cAhie evaM sAta hAtha dUra se sAdhu kI vandanA, stuti Adi kArya karanA cAhie, anya prakAra se nahIM / yaha kramabheda AlocanA, adhyayana aura stuti karane kI apekSA se ho jAtA hai / mokSapAhuDa kI TIkA ke anusAra zramaNa aura AryikA ke bIca paraspara vandanA upayukta to nahIM hai, kintu yadi AryikAyeM: 1. gacchAcAra painnA, 129-130. 2. mUlAcAra 5 / 80-82, vRttisahita / 3. paMca cha satta hatthe sUrI ajjhAvago ya sAdhu ya / parihariUNa jjAo gavAsaNeNeva vaMdati // --mUlAcAra 4 / 195 vRtti sahita .

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428 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vandanA kareM to zramaNa ko unake lie 'namo'stu' zabda na kahakara 'samAdhirastu yA karmakSayo'stu' kahanA caahie| AryikA aura zramaNa : paraspara sambandhoM kI maryAdA : jainAcAryoM ne zramaNa saMgha ko nirdoSa evaM sadA akSuNNa banAye rakhane ke lie aneka dRSTiyoM se striyoM ke saMsarga se cAhe vaha AryikA bhale hI ho, dUra rahane kA "vidhAna kiyA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki zramaNa saMgha Aja bhI binA kisI bAdhA yA apavAda ke apanI akSuNNatA banAye hue hai / zramaNoM aura AyikAoM kA sambandha (paraspara vyavahAra) dhArmika kAryoM taka hI sImita hai| kucha AryikAyeM eka sAtha milakara zramaNa se adhyayana 'zaMkAsamAdhAna Adi kArya kara sakatI haiM, akele nahIM / akele zramaNa aura AryikA ko paraspara bAtacIta taka kA niSedha hai / kahA bhI hai ki taruNa zramaNa kisI bhI taruNI AryikA yA anya kisI strI se kathA-vArtAlApa na kre| yadi isakA ullaMghana karegA to AjJAkopa, anavasthA (mUla kA hI vinAza), mithyAtvArAdhanA, AtmanAza aura saMyama-virAdhanA-ina pApa ke hetubhUta pA~ca doSoM se dUSita hogaa| adhyayana yA zaMkA-samAdhAna Adi dhArmika kArya ke lie AryikAyeM yA striyA~ yadi zramaNa saMgha AyeM to usa samaya zramaNa ko vahA~ akele nahIM ThaharanA cAhie aura binA prayojana vArtAlApa nahIM karanA cAhie kintu kadAcit dharmakArya ke prasaMga meM bolanA bhI ThIka hai / eka AryikA kucha praznAdi pUche to akelA zramaNa usakA uttara na de, apitu kucha zramaNoM ke sAmane uttara de| yadi AryikA gaNinI ke sAtha yA use Age karake koI prazna pUche taba akele zramaNa usakA uttara de sakatA hai arthAt mArga-prabhAvanA kI icchA rakhate hue praznottaroM Adi kA pratipAdana karanA cAhie, anyathA nahIM / ___ AryikAoM ko vasatikA meM zramaNoM ko nahIM ThaharanA cAhie, vahA~ kSaNamAtra 1. muni janasya striyAzca parasparaM vandanApi na yuktA / yadi tA vandante tadA munibhirnamo'stviti na vaktavyaM, ki tarhi vaktavyaM ? samAdhikarmakSayo stviti- mokSapAhuDa gAthA 12 ko zrutasAgarIya TIkA. 2. mUlAcAra 4 / 179 vRtti sahita / 3. vahI 4 / 177 vRtti sahita / 4. tAsiM puNa pucchAo ikkisse Naya kahijja ekko du / gaNiNI purao kiccA jadi pucchai to kahedavvaM / / -vahI vRtti sahita 4 / 178.

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AryikAoM kI AcAra paddhati : 429. yA kucha samaya taka kI (alpakAlika ) kriyAyeM bhI nahIM karanI cAhie / arthAt vahA~ baiThanA, leTanA, svAdhyAya, AhAra, bhikSA grahaNa, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga evaM malotsarga Adi kriyAyeM bhI niSiddha haiM / " kyoMki kAmAgni se pIr3ita huA malina cittavAlA zramaNa usa saMgha meM rahane vAle sthavira, ciradIkSita muni, AcArya, bahuzruta upAdhyAya tathA tapasviyoM ko bhI kucha nahIM samajhatA hai, unako nahIM dekhatA, unakI upekSA kara detA hai / aura to aura, vaha apane mAtA-pitA ke kula ko athavA apane samyaktva Adi ko bhI naSTa kara detA hai, yA ina guNoM kI vaha virAdhanA kara detA hai / 2 bhI saMsarga se bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kahA hai ki sthirabuddhidhArI zramaNa ke citta meM ullAsa pAkara caMcala cittavAlI AryikA kA mana usI prakAra dravita hotA hai jaise agni ke samIpa ghI dravita ( pighala ) hotA hai / AryA ke sAtha paricaya ko prApta kiye yA usake anugAmI bhI usase svayaM ko chur3Ane meM asamartha hotA hai / vRddha, tapasvI, bahuzruta aura janamAnya ( prAmANika ) zramaNa bhI yadi AryAjana se saMsarga rakhatA hai to vaha lokApavAda kA bhAgI (logoM kI nindA kA sthAna) bana jAtA hai| taba jo zramaNa avasthA meM taruNa haiM, bahuzruta bhI nahIM haiM aura na jo utkRSTa tapasvI aura cAritravAn haiM ve AryAjana ke saMsarga se lokApavAda ke bhAgI kyoM nahIM hoMge ? jo sAdhu ghara, jamIna Adi samasta parigrahoM se mukta hai vaha sarvatra apane ko vaza meM rakhatA hai kintu vahI sAdhu AryA kA anugAmI hokara AtmavazI nahIM rahatA / sAdhu kA AryA ke sAtha aisA bandhana hai jisakI koI upamA nahIM hai / carma ke sAtha hI utarane vAlA vajralepa bhI usake samAna nahIM hai sAdhu ke lie kevala AryAoM kA saMsarga hI tyAjya nahIM hai, balki jo bAlA, kanyA, taruNI, vRddhA, surUpa, kurUpa sabhI prakAra ke strIvarga meM pramAda rahita hotA hai aura kabhI bhI unakA vizvAsa nahIM karatA vahI sAdhu brahmacarya ko jIvana paryanta pAra lagAtA hai / jo usase viparIta hotA hai arthAt striyoM ke sambandha meM pramAdI aura vizvAsI hotA hai vaha brahmacarya ko pAra nahIM kara pAtA / AryikAoM ke 1. mUlAcAra 4 / 180, 10/61 vRtti sahita / 2. vahI, vRtti sahita 4 / 181. 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 333, 336. 4. vahI, 331. 5. vahI, gAthA 332, 335, 337.

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430 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana upAzraya meM Thaharane vAlA zramaNa lokApavAda rUpa vyavahAra-nindA tathA vratabhaMga rUpa * paramArtha-nindA ina-donoM ko prApta hotA hai / isa prakAra sAdhu ko kevala AryAjanoM ke saMsarga se hI dUra nahIM rahanA cAhie kintu anya bhI jo-jo vastu sAdhu ko paratantra karatI hai usa-usa vastu kA tyAga karane hetu tatpara rahanA caahie| usake tyAga se usakA saMyama dRr3ha hogaa| kyoMki bAhya vastu ke nimitta se hone vAlA asaMyama usa vastu ke tyAga se hI sambhava hotA hai| vastutaH sadAcAra rUpa saMsarga se vizuddhatA AtI hai arthAt bodhi bar3hatI hai aura kutsita AcaraNa evaM pratikUla saMsarga se vaha naSTa bhI ho jAtI hai| jaise saMsarga vizeSa se jala kA ghar3A kamala kI sugandha se zItala aura sugaMdhita ho jAtA hai tathA agni Adi ke saMsarga se uSNa evaM rasahIna ho jAtA hai| ataH zramaNa ko acche saMsarga meM rahanA cAhie / ___ kanyA, vidhavA, antaHpura meM rahane vAlI rAno, svecchAcAriNI, tathA saliMgiNI tapasvinI mahilA (AryikA) arthAt samAna liMga-vratAdi rUpa dhAraNa karane vAlI striyoM ke bhI sAtha kSaNamAtra kA saMsarga (samparka) tathA bAtacIta Adi kriyAoM se zramaNa apavAda (nindA) ko prApta hotA hai| gacchAcArapainnA meM kahA hai sabhI padArthoM meM mamatA rahita sAdhu svAdhIna hotA hai kintu yadi vaha AryikA ke pAza meM baMdhatA hai tathA usI ke kathana kA anusaraNa karatA hai to vaha sAdhu parataMtra sevaka ke samAna ho jAtA hai / " mUlAcArakAra ne kahA hai : strI rUpapratyaya ke sadbhAva (vizvAsa ke kAraNavaza) se jIva ke citta meM vikSobha utpanna ho jAtA haiM / ataH mAtA, bahina, putrI, vRddhA tathA mUka, lUlI, laMgar3I, aMdhI, kAnI, baharI Adi aMgabhaMgayukta kurUpa, kASThAdi meM citrita striyoM tathA nirvastra satI bhI ho to usase sadA dUra rahanA aura DaranA caahie| kyoMki strI kA rUpa nirapekSa hotA hai arthAt mAtA, bahina, lUlI-laMgar3I Adi kisI bhI rUpa meM 1. mUlAcAra 10162. 2. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 334, 338. 3. mUlAcAra 10 / 63. 4. kaNNaM vidhavaM anteuriyaM taha sairiNI saliMgaM vA / acireNalliyamANo avavAdaM tatya pappodi / vahI 4 / 182. 5. gacchAcArapainnA 68, 6. havadi ya cittakkhomo paJcayabhAveNa jIvassa / mUlAcAra 10 / 99. 7. vahI 10 / 191, 102, 99 8. .....''itthIrUpaM NirAvekkhaM-vahI 10 / 101,

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AryikAoM kI AcAra paddhati : 431 ho Akhira vaha hai strI / kAmAndha vyakti ko unameM koI bhI antara najara nahIM AtA / ataH strI ko prajvalita agni ke sadRza tathA puruSa ko ghI se bhare hue ghar3e ke sadRza kahA hai / isa avasthA meM jo bhI puruSa strI ke saMsarga meM Ate haiM ve (ghI kI taraha) pighalakara yA jalakara naSTa ho jAte haiM aura jo inase bacakara calate haiM ve kalyANa ko prApta karate haiN|' AyikAoM ke gaNadhara : AryikAoM kI dIkSA, zaMkA-samAdhAna, zAstrAdhyayana Adi kAryoM ke lie zramaNoM ke samparka meM AnA bhI Avazyaka hotA hai| zramaNa saMgha kI isa vyavasthA ke anusAra sAdhAraNa zramaNoM kI akele AryikAoM se bAtacIta Adi kA niSedha hai / AryikAoM ko pratikramaNAdi vidhi sampanna karAne ke lie gaNadhara muni kI vyavasthA kA vidhAna hai / AyikAoM ke gaNadhara ko nimnalikhita guNoM se sampanna mAnA gayA hai / priyadharmA, dRr3hadharmA , saMvignI (dharma aura dharmaphala meM atizaya utsAha vAlA), avadya (pApa) bhIrU, parizuddha, (zuddha AcaraNa vAle), saMgraha (dIkSA, upadeza Adi dvArA ziSyoM ke grahaNa-saMgraha) aura anugraha meM kuzala, satat sArakSaNa (pApakriyAoM se sarvathA nivRtti) se yukta, gaMbhora, durghaSa (sthira vitta evaM nirbhaya antaHkaraNa yukta), mitabhASI, alpakautukayukta, cira pravajita aura gRhItArtha (tattvoM ke jJAtA) Adi guNoM se yukta AyikAoM ke maryAdA upadezaka gaNadhara (AcArya) hote haiM / ina guNoM se yukta zramaNa to apane Apa meM pUrNatva ko prApta karane vAlA hotA haiM aura yaha to zramaNatva kI kasauTI bhI hai| aise hI gaNadhara AyikAoM ko Adarza rUpa meM pratikramaNAdi vidhi sampanna karA sakate haiN| upayukta guNoM se rahita zramaNa yadi gaNadharatva dhAraNa karake AyikAoM ko pratikramaNa evaM prAyazcittAdi detA hai taba usake gaNapoSaNa, AtmasaMskAra, sallekhanA aura uttamArtha-ina cAra kAloM ko virAdhanA hotI hai / athavA cheda, mUla, parihAra aura pAraMcika-ye cAra prAyazcitta lene par3ate haiN| sAtha hI RSikula rUpa gaccha yA saMgha, kula, zrAvaka evaM mithyAdRSTi Adi ina sabako virAdhanA ho jAtI hai / arthAt guNazUnya AcArya yadi AryikAoM kA poSaNa karate haiM to vyavasthA bigar3a . 1. dhidabharidaghaDasarittho puriso itthI balaMta agnisamA / to mahileyaM DhukkA NaTThA parisA sivaMgayAiyare // mUlAcAra 10 / 100. -2. mUlAcAra 46183, 184, bRhatkalpa bhASya 2050.

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432 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana jAne se saMgha ke sAdhu unakI AjJA pAlana nahIM kreNge| isase saMgha kA vinAza ho sakatA hai|' . AcArya vaTTakera ne thor3A hI kahakara vizrAnti lete hue kahA hai ki jyAdA kahane se kyA lAbha ? upayukta guNoM se yukta gaNadhara apanI icchA kI anukUlatAvaza AvazyakatAnusAra upayukta vyavahAra sabhI AryikAoM aura zeSa svagaNastha zramaNoM ke prati kara sakatA hai / AyikA saMgha : jaina sAhitya ke antargata jaba hama caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke carita sambandhI granthoM kA adhyayana karate haiM to jJAta hotA hai ki pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke zAsana kAla meM caturvidha zramaNa saMgha meM AryikAoM kI kAphI saMkhyA rahI hai| Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI brAhmI aura sundarI ina donoM putriyoM ke dIkSita hokara AryikA hone ke ullekha milate haiM / AyikA saMgha AcArya ke netRtva meM gaNinI (pradhAna) AryikA ke saMrakSaNa meM pravajita hotA hai / zramaNa ke dasa sthitikalpoM meM jyeSTha nAmaka sthitikalpa meM batAyA gayA hai ki yadyapi AryikA zramaNa kI apekSA pada meM laghu hotI hai aura AcArya (gaNadhara) dvArA hI AryikAoM ko dIkSA kA vidhAna hai kintu unake gaNadhara aneka guNoM se yukta hote the| aura aise hI gaNadhara AryikA saMgha kA pUrA dhyAna rakhate the| AryikA dvArA kisI anya AryikA yA muni Adi kI dIkSA kA ullekha merI dRSTi meM nahIM aayaa| bauddha paramparA meM bhikSuNIsaMgha bhikSu saMgha ke adhIna rahatA thaa| bhikSuNiyoM kA darjA bhikSuoM se laghu mAnA jAtA thaa| isa viSaya meM bahuta se niyama-upaniyama banAye gaye the jisase ki bhikSuNiyoM ke saMsarga se bhikSuoM kA saMgha apavitra va doSapUrNa na ho jAya / mUlAcAra kI eka gAthA se sUcita hotA hai ki AryikA saMgha meM kisI prakAra ke upayukta vyavahAra Adi vidhAna kI AvazyakatA mahasUsa ho to aneka guNasampanna gaNadhara anukUlatAvaza aura samaya ko dekhate hue vaisA kara. sakatA hai| 1. mUlAcAra 4 / 185. 2. vahI 4 / 186. 3. mUlAcAra 4 / 183-184, bRhatkalpa bhASya 2050. 4. buddha aura bauddha dharma,--(AcArya caturasena zAstrI) pR0 65. 5. mUlAcAra 4 / 186.

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AryikAoM kI AcAra paddhati : 433 gaNinI (pradhAna) AryikA : yadyapi AryikAyeM AcArya ke ne tva meM hI apanI saMyama-yAtrA sampanna karatI haiM kintu zramaNa saMgha meM jo sthAna AcArya kA hotA hai vahI sthAna AyikA saMgha meM gaNinI (mahattarikA yA pradhAna AryikA) kA hotA hai / gacchAcAra painnA ke anusAra zIlavatI, sukRta karane vAlI, kulIna aura gambhIra antaHkaraNa vAlI gaccha meM mAnya AryikA mahattarA pada ko prApta karatI hai|' . mUlAcArakAra ne gaNinI AryikA ke samAcAra (AcAra-vicAra) Adi ke viSaya kA svataMtra ullekha nahIM kiyA / kintu AyikAoM ke samAcAra varNana ke prasaMga meM pramukha AryikA kA gaNinI yA mahattarikA evaM sthavirA kA vRddhA AyikA ke rUpa meM ullekha haiM / prAcInakAla meM AryikA saMgha bar3A hI suvyavasthita evaM susaMgaThita thaa| vRddhA, taruNI Adi sabhI umra kI AyikAyeM paraspara eka dUsare ke sahayoga kI bhAvanA ke sAtha apane vizuddha AcAra ke pAlana, tapazcaraNa, zAstrAdhyayana evaM mananacintana meM sadA lIna rahatI thii| saMgha yA vasatikA se bAhara akele evaM binA gaNinI kI AjJA ke jAnA niSiddha thA / zramaNoM se dhArmika kArya, jaise dIkSA, zaMkA-samAdhAna, vaMdanA Adi taka hI sImita thaa| tAttvika yA AcAra sambandhI zaMkA Adi hone para pradhAna AyikA ko Age karake yA unhIM ke mAdhyama se samAdhAna prApta karane kA vidhAna hai| bhikSA Adi ke samaya kama se kama tIna, pA~ca athavA sAta AryikAyeM eka sAtha paraspara rakSaNa ke bhAva se nikalatI hai| isI taraha vandanA, pratikramaNa. svAdhyAya Adi ke lie AcArya, upAdhyAya tathA zramaNoM ke pAsa jAne yA anyatra vihAra ke samaya tIna, pA~ca yA sAta athavA isase bhI adhika AryikAyeM eka sAtha milakara IryAsamitipUrvaka tathA pradhAna (vRddhA) AyikA kA anugamana karatI huI jAtI haiN| inakI vasatikA zramaNoM, asaMyatajanoM evaM duSTa tiryaJcoM Adi se dUra vizuddha saMcAra vAle sthAna meM hone kA vidhAna hai| saMkSepa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki prAyaH sabhI digambara paramparA ke AcAra viSayaka granthoM meM AryikAoM kI sampUrNa AcAra paddhati kA svatantra vivecana nahIM milatA / mUlAcArakAra ne yatra-tatra prasaMgavaza hI inake AcAra kA kucha vizeSa vivecana kiyA hai, anyathA zeSa AcAra zramaNoM ke samAna hI pratipAdita samajhane ko kahA hai| yathA-pUrva meM jaisA AcAra zramaNoM ke viSaya meM kahA hai vaisA hI sampUrNa ahorAtra sambandhI samAcAra (vRkSamUlayoga Adi ko chor3akara) AryikAoM 1. gacchAcArapainnA, gAthA 94 kA vivecana / 28

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434 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ke bhI viSaya meM samajhanA caahie| isIlie AryikAoM ke AcAra kA svatantra pratipAdana Avazyaka nahIM samajhA gayA / ___isa taraha zramaNa saMskRti meM AyikA saMgha kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai, kyoMki AcAra-vicAra ke pAlana, dharma ke saMcAlana, jaina sAhitya, saMskRti, evaM kalA ko vikAsa kI dizA pradAna karane, zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM tathA sampUrNa bhAratIya samAja ko naitika evaM ucca Adarzamaya jIvana kI AMtarika preraNA dene meM AryikAoM kI sadA ahaM bhUmikA rahI hai / isakA eka suvyavasthita rUpa hamAre samakSa upasthita hotA hai| ye sabhI eka sAtha rahakara saMyama aura cAritra kI ArAdhanA meM satat tatpara rahatI haiM / AryikA saMgha meM eka pradhAna AryikA gaNinI (mahattarikA) ke pada kA vidhAna hotA hai, jo AryikA saMgha kA sucAru rUpa se saMcAlana AcArya ke netatva meM karatI haiN| * bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha-bauddha paramparA ke anusAra bhikSuNI-saMgha meM bhI aneka padoM kI vyavasthA thI tathA unake AcaraNa sambandhI niyamoM kA vidhAna bhikSuoM ke sadRza thaa| jaba bha0 buddha ne bhikSuNI saMgha kI sthApanA kI taba nimnalikhita ATha guru-dharma bhikSuNI saMgha ke lie sthApita kiye the jo isa prakAra hai1-sau varSa kI upasampadA pAI huI bhikSuNI ko bhI usI saMgha ke sampanna bhikSu ke lie abhivAdana, pratyutthAna, aMjali jor3anA, samIcIna karma karanA caahie| 2-jahA~ bhikSu na hoM, aise sthAna meM varSAvAsa nahIM karanA cAhie / 3-prati Adhe mAsa bhikSuNI ko bhikSa saMgha se paryeSaNa karanA cAhie / 4-varSAvAsa kara cukane para bhikSuoM ko donoM saMghoM meM dekheM, sune jAne vAle tInoM sthAnoM se pravAraNA karanI cAhie / '5-jisa bhikSuNI ne guru dharmoM ko svIkAra kara liyA hai use donoM saMghoM meM mAnanA caahie| 6-kisI prakAra kI bhikSuNI bhikSu ko gAlI Adi na deN| 7-bhikSuoM se bhikSuNiyoM ko bAta nahIM karanI cAhie / 8-bhikSuoM ko unheM upadeza karane kA adhikAra hai / ina pradhAna niyamoM ke alAvA bhikSuNiyoM ke dainika jIvana ke lie aneka sAdhAraNa niyama the / ' ___ isa prakAra bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha ke sAmAnya niyamoM para dRSTipAta karane se jJAta hotA hai ki jaina AryikA saMgha ke sAmAnya niyamoM tathA bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha ke sAmAnya niyamoM meM aneka prakAra se samAnatA dikhalAI detI hai| 1. pAli sAhitya kA itihAsa (bharata siMha upAdhyAya) pR0 321.

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SaSTha adhyAya jaina siddhAnta zramaNoM ke AcAra kA pradhAna rUpa se pratipAdana karane vAle isa mUlAcAra meM paryApti nAmaka bArahaveM antima adhikAra ke antargata paryApti, deha, kAya-saMsthAna, indriya saMsthAna, yoni, Ayu, pramANa, yoga, veda, lezyA, pravIcAra, upapAda, udvartana, sthAna, kula, alpabahutva, prakRtibandha, sthitibandha, anubhAgabandha aura pradezabandha-ina bIsa sUtrapadoM kA tathA prAyaH sabhI adhikAroM meM jainadharma darzana ke aneka pramukha jaina siddhAntoM kA prasaMgAnusAra vistRta pratipAdana AcArya vaTTakera ne kiyA hai / kucha vidvAn zramaNAcAra-sambandhI pratipAdana ke prasaMga meM ina viSayoM kA pratipAdana aprAsaMgika mAnate haiN| kintu sarva siddhAnta aura karaNa-caraNa ke samuccaya rUpa isa paryApti adhikAra meM vizeSa rUpa se vaNita viSayoM kA zramaNAcAra ke prasaMga meM pratipAdana sarvathA upayukta hI hai| kyoMki AdhyAtmika kSetra meM jJAna aura AcaraNa kA samanvaya Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| yahA~ jJAna se tAtparya hai mokSa aura usake sAdhana saMyama Adi kA jJAna aura isake lie jIva-ajIva Adi tattvoM kA jJAna Avazyaka hai / dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jAya to yahI ki mUlAcAra ke paryApti adhikAra meM pratipAdita sUtrapadoM kA jJAna Avazyaka hai tabhI zramaNAcAra ke pAlana kI sArthakatA hai / AcArya vaTTakera kI dRSTi meM paryApti Adi tathA jainadharma ke anyAnya pramukha siddhAntoM sambandhI jJAna ke binA mAtra zramaNAcAra kA jJAna adhUrA hI hai| ataH unhoMne eka vyavasthita rUparekhA ke anusAra hI 'mUlA. cAra' grantha kA nirmANa karate samaya prasaMgAnusAra ina viSayoM kA pratipAdana karanA Avazyaka smjhaa| dazavakAlika meM kahA bhI hai ki jo jIva ko nahIM jAnatA, ajIva ko nahIM jAnatA, jIva aura ajIva donoM ko nahIM jAnatA, vaha saMyama ko kaise jAnegA ?2 1. pajjattI deho vi ya saMThANaM kAyaiMdiyANaM ca / joNI Au pamANaM jogo vedo ya lesa pavicAro / / uvavAdo uvaTTaNa ThANaM ca kulaM ca appabahulo ya / payaDiTThidi aNubhAgappadesabaMdho ya suttapadA // mUlAcAra 1212-3 2. jo jIve vi na yANAi ajIve vi na yaannii| jIvAjIve ayANaMto kahaM so nAhii saMjamaM // dazava0 4 / 12. . .

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436 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ataH saMyama kA svarUpa jAnane ke lie jIva-ajIva Adi tattvoM kA jJAna Avazyaka hai| isIlie AcAra-nirUpaNa ke pazcAt vizeSa rUpa se paryApti adhikAra meM pUrvokta bIsa sUtrapadoM kA pratipAdana pUrNa sArthaka hI hai| kahA bhI hai ki jaba manuSya jIva aura ajIva-ina donoM ko jAna letA hai taba vaha saba jIvoM kI bahuvidha gatiyoM ko bhI jAna letA hai| isake bAda vaha puNya, pApa, bandha aura mokSa ko bhI jAna letA hai| inako jAnane ke bAda jo bhI devoM aura manuSyoM ke bhoga hai unase virakta ho jAtA hai| jaba manuSya daivika aura mAnuSika bhogoM se virakta ho jAtA hai taba vaha Abhyantara aura bAhya saMyogoM ko tyAga detA hai aura muMDa hokara anagAra-vRtti ko svIkAra karake utkRSTa saMvarAtmaka anuttara dharma kA sparza karatA hai evaM abodhi-rUpa pApa dvArA sAMcita karma-raja ko prakampita karake sarvatra-gAmI kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ko prApta kara letA hai| isIlie paryApti Adi kA pratipAdana yahA~ sArthaka haiM / jIba-ajIva Adi kA jJAna pratyeka zramaNa ko isalie bhI Avazyaka hai kyoMki jisako jIvoM kA jJAna nahIM hotA, use unake astitva meM bhI vizvAsa (zraddhA) nahIM hotA taba vaha vyakti jIvanavyavahAra meM, unake prati saMyamI, ahiMsaka athavA cAritravAn kaise ho sakatA hai ? bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM sthitikalpoM ke prasaMga meM kahA hai ki jIvoM ke bheda-prabheda ke jJAtA vyakti ko hI niyama se vrata denA caahie| . jisa taraha rogI ko auSadhi dene ke pUrva use vamana-virecana karAne se auSadhi lAmU mAlUma par3atI hai, usI taraha jIvoM ke astitva meM zraddhA rakhate hue jo vrata grahaNa karatA hai usake mahAvrata sthira hote haiN| jaise malina vastra para raMga nahIM car3hatA aura svaccha vastra para sundara raMga car3hatA hai, usI taraha jise jIvoM kA jJAna nahIM hotA, jise unake astitva meM zaMkA hotI hai vaha ahiMsA Adi mahAvratoM ke yogya nahIM hotA tathA jise jIvoM kA jJAna aura unameM zraddhA hotI hai vaha upasthApana ke yogya hotA hai aura usI ke vrata sundara aura sthira hote haiM / zramaNAcAra ke prasaMga meM ina siddhAntoM kA vivecana isalie bhI Avazyaka hai tAki kucha viziSTa pAribhASika zabdoM kA spaSTIkaraNa ho sake, sAtha hI zramaNa apane cAritrika vikAsa kI parakha guNasthAna, lezyA Adi ke AdhAra para kara sake / kyoMki siddhAntoM ke kAryAnvayana kI prakriyA kA mukhya AdhAra AcAra hI hai| 1. dazavakAlika 4 / 14-21. jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanU prakAzana / / 2. bha. A0 421 pRSTha 330. 3. dazavai0 : TippaNa 40 pRSTha 134. . .

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jaina siddhAnta : 437 . 4 ataH mUlAcAra ke paripekSya meM jaina-dharma-darzana ke pramukha jaina siddhAntoM kA vivecanAtmaka paricaya yahA~ prastuta hailoka svarUpa vimarza: loka viSayaka vibhinna mAnyatAyeM dhArmika kSetroM meM pracalita haiN| yaha svAbhAvika hai ki jaba se vyakti janma letA hai aura jaise-jaise vaha buddhi se paripakva hotA jAtA hai usake mana meM ihaloka aura isa loka se pare paraloka ke viSaya meM jijJAsAyeM utpanna hotI hai| jaina dRSTi bahuta kucha vijJAna sammata samAdhAna isa viSaya meM prastuta karatI hai| jainadharma kI yaha sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai ki vaha lokaviSayaka sRSTi ko Izvara kI racanA nahIM maantaa| mUlAcArakAra ke zabdoM meM loka akRtrima, anAdinidhana aura svabhAva-niSpanna hai|' yaha loka ghanodadhivAtavalaya, dhanavAtavalaya aura tanuvAtalaya--ina tIna vAyuoM se veSTita hai / arthAt yaha loka tIna vAtavalayoM ke Azraya se sthita hai| inameM loka dhanodadhi vAtavalaya ke Azraya se sthita hai / dhanodadhi vAtavalaya ghanavAtalaya ke Azraya se sthita hai| ghanavAtavalaya tanuvAtavalaya ke Azraya se sthita hai / tanuvAtavalaya AkAza ke Azraya se sthita hai aura AkAza svapratiSTha hai, use anya kisI Azraya kI jarUrata nahIM hai| sAmAnyataH AkAza ke jitane bhAga meM jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ina chaha dravyoM kA sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai utanA bhAga loka kahalAtA hai, zeSa usake cAroM tarapha ananta 'alokAkAza' hai| alokAkAza ke bIcoM-bIca lokAkAza hai / mUlAcArakAra ne kahA hai jinezvaroM dvArA sampUrNa dravya, paryAyoM sahita jo dekhA jAtA hai usa jagat ko 'loka' kahate haiM / dharma aura adharma dravya lokAkAza-pramANa hai ataH dharma, adharma, AkAza dravya tathA jIva aura pudgaloM kA jahA~ taka gamanAgamana hai utanA loka hai| isake pare ananta AkAza hai / vahA~ jIva, dharma, adharma, kAla aura pudgaloM--ina pA~ca dravyoM kA abhAva hai| aise AkAza ko alokAkAza kahate haiM / vaha kevala jJAnagamya hai / isa prakAra loka ke do bheda kie jAte haiM-lokAkAza aura alokAkAza / lokAkAza aura alokAkAza kA vibhAjana dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya dravyoM ke kAraNa hai / dharma, adharma dravyoM kA kSetra AkAza kA eka bhAga hai jise lokAkAza kahate haiN| usake bAhara ina dravyoM ke abhAva se jIva, pudgala kI gati sthiti nahIM hotI / isalie dharma, adharma dravyoM kI sthiti kA kSetra usake bAhara ke kSetra se alaga hone ke kAraNa lokaaloka meM bheda haiN| 1. mUlAcAra 8 / 22, 2. vahI 7 / 43, 3. vahI savRtti 8 / 23. 28

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438 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana nikSepadRSTi se loka ke nau bheda kie gaye haiM-nAma loka, sthApanA loka, dravya loka, kSetra loka, cihnaloka, kaSAyaloka, bhavaloka, bhAvaloka aura paryAyaloka / ' 1. isa loka meM jo bhI zubhAzubha nAma haiM use nAmaloka kahate haiM / 2. sthita ( akRtrima ) loka aura sthApita (kRtrima) loka arthAt jo kucha bhI kRtrima akRtrima vastu isa loka meM hai vaha sthApanA loka hai / 3. jIva- ajIva, rUpI - arUpI aura sapradezI - apradezI ina saba dravyoM ko dravyaloka kahate haiM / jaise pariNAma, jIva, mUrta, sapradeza, eka kSa etra, kriyAvatva, nitya, kAraNa, kartRtva, sarvagatatva dharmoM se tathA inase viparIta apariNAmI Adi ke dvArA dravyaloka kA nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai / 4. AkAza sapradezI hai arthAt lokAkAza kI apekSA asaMkhyAta pradezAtmaka hai tathA AkAza kI apekSA ananta pradezI hai / ataH sapradezI AkAza urdhva, adho aura tiryak (madhya) loka ko kSa etraloka kahA jAtA hai / 5. dravya, guNa aura paryAya kA jo saMsthAna (AkAra) dikhAI par3atA hai vaha cihnaloka hai / 6. jisa prANI meM krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kA udaya huA ho use kaSAyaloka kahate haiM / 7. nAraka, deva, manuSya aura tiryaJca ina gatiyoM meM jo prANI gaye haiM aura apanI-apanI Ayu pramANa vahA~ jIvita rahate haiM una jIvoM yA unake bhAvoM ko bhavaloka kahate haiM / 8. jisa prANI ko tIvra rAga-dveSa bhAvoM kA udaya hotA hai una udayAgata bhAvoM ko ho bhAvaloka kahate haiM / 9. paryAyaloka ke cAra bheda haiM - 1. dravyaguNa, 2. kSa etra paryAya, 3. bhavAnubhAva aura 4. bhAva pariNAma / 2 jaisA ki Upara kahA hai yaha loka akRtrima, anAdinidhana aura svabhAva niSpanna hai tathA jIva, pudgala Adi chaha dravyoM se bharA huA yaha nitya hai / isakA AkAra tAlavRkSa ke samAna hai| uttara-dakSiNa sarvatra sAta rAju pramAga lambA hai / bIca meM kama hote-hote eka rAjupramANa aura punaH vistIrNa hokara brahmasvarga meM pAMca rAju vistIrNa ( caur3A ) tathA phira donoM ora kama hotA huA eka rAju pramANa hai / pUrva-pazcima kI ora dekhane se loka kA AkAra kaTi (kamara ) para donoM hAtha rakhakara aura pairoM ko phailAkara khar3e hue manuSya ke samAna hai / manuSyAkAra isa loka ke bIcoMbIca eka rAju pramANa vistArayukta trasanAlI 1. NAmaTThavaNA davvaM khettaM cinhaM kasAyaloo ya / bhavalogo bhAvalogo pajjaya logo ya NAdavvo / mUlAcAra 7144. 2. vahI, 7 / 45-54 / 3. jIvAjIvehi bhuDo Nicco tAlarukkhasaM ThANo - vahI, 8 22. 4. mUlAcAra vRti 8/22.

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jaina siddhAnta : 439 (basa - jIvoM ke rahane kA sthAna ) hai / trasajIva isa trasanAlI yA trasanAr3I ke bAhara nahIM rahate / loka ke tIna bhAga haiM - adholoka, madhyaloka aura urdhvaloka / ina tInoM meM adholoka kA AkAra svabhAva se veta kI Asana ( vetrAsana ) ke samAna hai, madhyaloka kA AkAra jhAlara ke samAna tathA urdhvaloka kA AkAra khar3e kie hue mRdaMga ke sadRza hai / loka ke madhyama vistAra kA pramANa eka rAju hai isameM caudaha kA guNA karane se loka kA AyAma (U~cAI) caudaha rAju pramANa hotA hai / tInoM lokoM kA varNana isa prakAra hai adholoka - mUla se sAta rAjU kI U~cAI taka adholoka hai / isameM kramaza: uttarottara nIce-nIce sAta pRthviyA~ haiM-- ratnaprabhA, zarkarAprabhA (zarkarA - kaMkar3a), bAlukAprabhA, paMkaprabhA, dhUmaprabhA (dhUma-dhuA~), tamaH prabhA aura mahAtamaH prabhA / 2 ina pRthviyoM meM eka-dUsare ke bIca meM asaMkhya yojanoM kA antara hai / inheM sAta naraka bhUmiyA~ (naraka) bhI kahate haiM tathA inameM rahane vAle jIva nArakI kahalAte haiN| ina pRthviyoM ke sAtha jur3A huA prabhA zabda inake nAma ke anusAra usakI kAMti aura usa prakAra ke raMga ko vyakta karatA hai| prathama ratnaprabhA bhUmi ke tIna bhAga yA kANDa haiM- kharabhAga, paMkabhAga aura ap (jala) - bahula bhAga / madhyaloka - adholoka aura urdhvaloka ke bIca meM madhyaloka hai / ise tiryak loka bhI kahate haiM / isameM asaMkhyAta dvIpa aura samudra paraspara eka-dUsare ko ghere hue haiM / madhyaloka ke bIcoMbIca prathamadvIpa jambUdvIpa hai / yaha gola hai aura isakA vistAra eka lAkha yojana hai / prathama samudra lavaNa samudra hai / sampUrNa dvIpa samudroM ke vistAra Adi kA pramANa jambUdvIpa ke adhIna hai, kyoMki yaha dvIpa asaMkhyAta dvIpa samudroM ke bIca nAbhi ke sadRza avasthita hai / jambUdvIpa meM bharatavarSa, haimavatavarSaM, harivarSa, videhavarSa, ramyakavarSa, hairaNyavatavarSa aura airAvatavarSa - ye sAta kSetra haiM / ina kSetroM ko pRthak karanevAle pUrva-pazcima lambe himavAn, mahAhimavAn, niSadha, nIla, rukmI aura zikharI- ye chaha varSadhara (parvata) / ina sAta kSetroM ke hI madhya meM gaMgA-sindhu, rohita - rohitAsyA, harita - hari 1. heTThA majjhe urvAra vettAsaNajhallarImudaMgaNibho / majjhimavitthAreNa du coddasaguNamAyado loo || 2. mUlAcAra 12 / 93. 3. mUlAcAra vRtti 12/32. - mUlAcAra 8|24, tiloya paNNatti 137-8. .

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440 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kAntA, sItA-sItodA, nArI - narakAntA, suvarNakUlA rUpyakUlA aura raktA-raktodAye nadiyA~ bahatI haiM / " vaidika paramparA ke viSNu purANa meM kahA hai - isa pRthvI para jambU, plakSa, zAlmala, kuza, krauMca, zAka aura puSkara - ye sAta dvIpa haiM / lavaNoda, ikSurasa, suroda, sarpissalila, dadhitoya, kSIroda aura svAdusalila -- ye sAta samudra haiM / jo cUr3I ke AkAra rUpa meM eka dUsare ko vaiSTita karate haiM / ye dvIpa pUrva-pUrva dvIpa kI apekSA dUne vistAra vAle haiM / 2 mUlAcAra ke anusAra solaha dvIpa haiM -- jambU, dhAtakIkhaMDa, puSkaravara, vAruNIvara, kSIravara, ghRtavara, kSaudravara, naMdIzvara, aruNa, aruNabhAsa, kuNDalavara, zaMkhavara, rucakavara, bhujagavara, kuzavara aura krauMcavara / isa prakAra madhyaloka jise tiryak loka bhI kahate haiM, isameM asaMkhyAta dvIpa - samudra dviguNa - dviguNa vistAravAle haiM / solaha dvIpoM meM puSkaravaradvIpa ke bIcoM-bIca mAnuSottara parvata hai, isI ke kAraNa isake do bhAga ho jAte haiM / ataH jaMbUdvIpa aura dhAtakIkhaNDa saMhita AdhA puSkaravara dvIpa ko milAkara ar3hAI dvIpa banate haiM / inhIM ar3hAI - dvIpoM meM manuSyoM kA nivAsa hai inase Age manuSyoM kA nivAsa nahIM hai / urdhvaloka-meru parvata kI cUlikA se eka bAla (keza ) mAtra antara se urdhvaloka prArambha hokara loka zikhara paryanta 100400 yojana kama sAta rAjU pramANa hai / isameM mukhya rUpa se vaimAnika devoM kA nivAsa hai ataH ise devaloka, svargaloka Adi kahate haiM / urdhvaM loka ke do bhAga haiM- -kalpa aura kalpAtIta / jina svargoM meM indra, sAmAnika, trAyastraza, pAriSad, AtmarakSa, lokapAla, anIka, prakIrNaka, Abhiyogya aura kilviSika ye dasa kalpanAoM yukta deva pada hote haiM, unheM kalpa kahate haiM tathA kalpoM meM utpanna deva 'kalpotpanna' kahalAte haiM / aura solahaveM kalpa se Upara ina kalpanAoM se rahita arthAt kalpoM se Upara ke ahamadra deva 'kalpAtIta' vimAnavAsI kahalAte haiM / yahA~ devoM meM kisI taraha kA bheda nahIM hotA / ve sabhI ahamindra kahalAte haiM / ise hI hama isa prakAra kaha sakate haiM ki vaimAnika deva do prakAra ke haiM-- kalpopapanna aura kalpAtIta 4 / jo kalpoM meM rahate haiM ve kalpopapanna kahalAte haiM tathA jo kalpoM ke Upara rahate haiM 1. tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 3 sUtra 10, 11 20. 2. viSNu purANa 227, 22-4, 24, 880. 3. mUlAcAra 12/33-35. 4. tattvArtha sUtra 4 / 17.

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jaina siddhAnta : 441 ve kalpAtIta hai / yadyapi kalpa (svarga) solaha haiM kintu inameM indra bAraha hI hai kyoMki prArambha ke cAra kalpoM meM cAra indra haiN| kalpopapanna devoM meM svAmIsevaka bhAva hotA hai, kalpAtIta meM nhiiN| kalpopanna devoM meM (solaha svargoM meM) indra, sAmAnika Adi dasa prakAra kI kalpanA hai isalie bhI ye kalpopapanna kahalAte haiM kintu kalpAtItoM meM indrAdika kI kalpanA nahIM hai| sabhI kalpAtIta deva indravat hote haiM, ataH ve ahamindra kahalAte haiM / kalpopapanna deva hI kisI nimitta se manuSyaloka meM AvAgamana kA kArya karate haiM, kalpAtIta deva apanA sthAna chor3akara kahIM nahIM jAte / saudharma IzAna, sAnatkumAra, mAhendra , brahma, brahmottara, lAntava, kApiSTha, zukra, mahAzukra, zatAra, sahasrAra, Anata, prANata, AraNa aura acyuta-ye solaha svarga hai / meru parvata kI cUlikA ke eka bAla antara se RjuvimAna hai| yahIM se saudharma svarga kA prArambha hotA hai / ina solaha svargoM ke ATha yugaloM meM sumeru parvata se Der3ha rAjU ko UMcAI para saudharma-IzAna kA anta hai / isake Upara Der3a rAjU taka sAnatkumAra-mAhendra yugala avasthita haiM / isI prakAra anya chaha yugala bhI AdheAdhe rAjU se eka dUsare ke Upara avasthita haiM / ina solaha svargoM meM aneka vimAna hai / apane-apane aMtima indra ka-vimAna sambandhI dhvajadaMDa ke agrabhAga taka unauna svargoM kA anta samajhanA cAhie / solaha kalpoM ke Upara-Upara nau graiveyaka haiM / ye puruSAkAra loka ke grIvAsthAnIya hone se graiveyaka kahalAte haiM / inake Upara nau anudiza haiN| inake Upara vijaya, vaijayanta, jayanta, aparAjita aura sarvArthasiddhi-ye pAMca anuttara vimAna hai / inameM se saudharma se acyuta kalpa taka ke deva kalpopapanna kahalAte haiM tathA inake Upara sabhI deva kalpAtIta / kalpAtIta bhUmi kA jo anta hai vahI loka kA anta kahalAtA hai| loka ke anta se bAraha yojana nIce sarvArthasiddhi vimAna hai arthAt indraka ke dhvaja daNDa se 12 yojana mAtra Upara sarvArthasiddhi hai / sarvArthasiddhi vimAna ke dhvajadaMDa se 29 yojana 425 dhanuSa Upara siddhaloka hai / yahA~ muktajIva avasthita haiM / isake Age loka kA anta ho jAtA hai / jyotiSkadeva sUrya, candra Adi ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki pRthvI tala se 790 yojana Upara AkAza meM uttarottara Upara taka tAre, candramA, sUrya, nakSatra, budha, zukra, bRhaspati, maMgala, zani, rAhu tathA ketu Adi jyotiSka devoM ke saMcAra 1. mUlAcAra 12 / 78.

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442 : mUlAcAra kI samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kSetra haiM / binA ullaMghana ke ye sadA sumeru kI pradakSiNA dete hue ghUmate rahate haiN| isI se dina, rAta, RtuyeM Adi hotI haiM / isa prakAra loka ke vivecana meM jIvoM ke nivAsa ke viSaya meM kSetra aura dravya pramANa isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai -- ekendriya aura paMcendriya jova Urdhva, madhya aura adholoka meM hote haiM kintu sabhI vikalendriya tathA asaMjJI paMcendriya jIva tiryak loka meM hI rahate haiM / paMcendriya jIva adho, urdhva phira bhI ve tInoM lokoM ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga meM rahate haiM kSetra kI dRSTi se loka ke saMkhyAta aura asaMkhyAta bhAga meM rahate haiM / " ora madhya loka meM haiM / asaMjJI paMcendriya bhI bhavanavAsI vyantara, jyotiSka aura vaimAnika ye devoM ke cAra nikAya haiM / 2 inameM se adholoka kI prathama ratnaprabhA pRthvI ke tIna bhAgoM meM se khara evaM paMka bhAga meM bhavanavAsI tathA vyantaravAsI devoM ke nivAsa haiM ora an bahula bhAga meM prathama naraka ke bila haiM, jinameM nArakI logoM ke AvAsa haiM / bhavanavAsI deva dasa haiM-asura kumAra, nAga kumAra, vidyut kumAra, suparNa kumAra, agni kumAra, vAta kumAra, stanita kumAra, udadhi kumAra, dvIpa kumAra aura dikkumAra / ye deva adhikatara bhavanoM meM hI nivAsa karate hai ataH ye bhavanavAsI haiM / inameM se asura kumAroM ke bhavana ratnaprabhA bhUmi ke paGka bahula bhAga meM haiM aura zeSa nau prakAra ke khara pRthvI bhAga ke madhya meM haiM / yakSa, rAkSasa, vyaMtara devoM ke ATha bheda haiM-- kinnara, kimpuruSa, mahoraga, gandharva, bhUta aura pizAca / vividha dezAntaroM meM nivAsa karane ke kAraNa dUsare nikAya ke deva vyantara kahalAte haiM / khara pRthvI bhAga meM sAta prakAra ke vyaktaroM ke AvAsa haiM aura rAkSasoM ke AvAsa paMka bahula bhAga meM bane haiM / tRtIya jyotiSka nikAya ke deva pA~ca prakAra ke haiM -- sUrya, candra, graha, nakSatra aura tArA / ye svayaM jyotiHstrabhAva arthAt prakAzamAt (camakole) hone se ye jyotiSka kahalAte haiM / - - caturtha vaimAnika nikAya devoM ke kalpopapanna aura kalpAtIta- ina do bhedaprabhedoM kA vivecana kiyA jA cukA hai / vastutaH jyotiSka deva bhI vimAnoM meM rahate haiM kintu rUr3hi se 'vaimAnika' saMjJA kevala caturtha nikAya ke devoM ko hI prApta hai / 1. mUlAcAra 12 / 160. 2. tattvArthasUtra 4 / 1 - 19 saM0 paM0 phUlacanda siddhAntazAstrI.

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jaina siddhAnta : 443 ratnatraya: dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa-ina cAra puruSArthoM meM yathArtha sukha kA kAraNa 'mokSa' hI sarvottama puruSArtha hai' aura jJAna, zraddhAna va cAritrarUpa ratnatraya usakA svarUpa hai / 2 'ratnatraya' jainadharma kA pAribhASika zabda hai| samyak-darzana, samyakjJAna aura samyak cAritra-mokSa prApti ke ina tIna sAdhanoM ko ratnatraya kahA jAtA hai| ye tInoM milakara mokSa ke sAdhana haiN| samayasAra meM inheM paribhASita karate hue kahA hai ki jIva, ajIva Adi tattvoM kA zraddhAna samyagdarzana hai, sAmAnya vizeSa rUpa se ina tattvoM kA adhigama (avadhAraNa) karanA samyagjJAna hai tathA rAga-dveSa Adi doSoM kA parihAra karanA samyak cAritra hai| isa prakAra ye tInoM samucita rUpa meM milakara eka akhaNDa mokSa kA mArga haiN| paMcAstikAya ke anusAra nau padArthoM kA svarUpa jJAniyoM ne jisa prakAra nirUpita kiyA hai, usa svarUpa para zraddhA yA ruci honA samyagdarzana (samyaktva) hai| ina padArthoM ke sacce jJAna ko samyagjJAna aura usa jJAna ke pratApa se viSayoM ke prati Asakti rahita hokara, samabhAvapUrvaka pravRtti karanA samyakcAritra hai| zraddhA, aura jJAna se yukta tathA rAga-dveSa se rahita cAritra hI mokSa kA mArga hai| mokSa ke adhikArI evaM viveka buddhi se sampanna puruSa mokSamArga pAte haiM / " AcArya samantabhadra ne isI ratnatraya ko dharma kahA hai tathA isase viparIta mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna aura mithyAcAritra ko saMsAra kA kAraNa batalAyA hai| mUlAcAra ke anusAra samyaktva se jJAna meM samyakpanA AtA hai / samyagjJAna se jIvAdi sabhI padArthoM ko bodhi hotI hai aura padArthoM ke jJAna se yaha AtmA zreyasa 1. dhammaha atyaha~ kAmahaM vi eyaha~ sayalahaM mokkhu / uttamu pabhaNahiM NANi jiya aNNe jeNa Na sokkhu // paramAtmaprakAza 2 / 3. 2. caturvarge'graNI mokSo, yogastasya ca kAraNam / 3 jJAnazraddhAna cAritrarUpaM ratnayayaM ca saH // yogazAstra (A0hemacandra) 1.15. samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH-tattvArthasUtra 111. 4. jIvAdisaddahaNaM sammattaM tesimadhigamo NANaM / / rAgAdIparihaNaM caraNaM eso du mokkhapaho / samayasAra 155. 5. paMcAstikAya 106-108 6. sadRSTijJAnavRttAni dharma dharmezvarA viduH| yadIya pratyanIkAni bhavanti bhavapaddhatiH // 20 ka0 zrAvakAcAra 3.

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444 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (hita) aura azreyasa (ahita) ko jAna letA hai / zreyasa aura azreyasa ke viveka jJAna se yukta jIva duHzIloM kA vinAza karake zIlavAn banatA hai aura isase sampUrNa cAritra rUpa abhyudaya prApta karake nirvANa (mokSa) prApta karatA hai / isa prakAra jaise ratna durlabha hote haiM parantu unakI prApti hone para unase abhilaSita padArtha prApta kiye jA sakate haiM, vaise hI samyagdarzana-jJAna-caritra rUpa ratnatraya bhI durlabha haiM kintu inakI prApti se jIvoM ko mokSarUpI abhISTa padArtha kI prApti ho jAtI hai| ye tInoM alaga-alaga nahIM apitu eka dUsare ke pUraka hone ke kAraNa eka rUpa hI haiN| samayasAra meM kahA ' ka sAdhu veSa aura gRhastha veSa jaise aneka prakAra ke dravyaliMga rUpa veSa mokSa kA mArga nahIM hai| isIlie arhantadeva bhI deha se mamattvahIna hokara darzana, jJAna aura caritra kA sevana karate haiN| ina tInoM sAdhanoM kI kramazaH pUrNatA hone para hI AtmA paradravya se sarvadA mukta hokara pUrNa vizuddha hotA hai / ataH ye tInoM milakara mokSa ke sAdhana mAne jAte haiM / inameM se eka bhI sAdhana ke apUrNa rahane para paripUrNa mokSa kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI / kyoMki samyagjJAna kA kAraNa samyagdarzana hai aura ye donoM milakara samyakcaritra kA kAraNa haiM / isa prakAra ratnatraya svarUpa trividha sAdhanAmArga mokSa prApti kA sAkSAt kAraNa hai / zivArya ne jinendradeva ke ratnatraya yukta usa dharmacakra ko sadA jayazIla batalAyA hai jisakI nAbhi samyagdarzana hai, dvAdazAMga rUpa vANo Are (ara) haiM, vrata nemi haiM aura tA dhArA arthAt dUsarI nemi hai / " 1. samyagdarzana samyak-darzana kA artha hai tattvArtha kA saccA zraddhAn / vastutaH dharma kA mUla samyagdarzana hai| kyoMki isake dvArA jIva dRr3ha vizvAsI banakara yathArtha dRSTi prApta kara letA hai / ratnatraya meM samyagdarzana zreSTha aura mokSarUpI mahAvRkSa kA mUla hai|' 1. sammattANo NANaM NANAdo savva bhAvauvaladdhI / uvaladdhapayattho puNa seyAseyaM viyANAdi // mUlAcAra 10 / 12. 2. vahI 10 / 13. 3. bha0 A0 vijayodayA 127. / .0 304. 4. samayasAra 408, 409. 5. bha0 A0 1859. 6. tattvArthazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam-tattvArthasUtra 112. 7. daMsaNa mUlo dhammo-dasaNapAhuDa 2. 8. sammattarayaNasAraM mokkhamahArukkha mUla midi| rayaNasAra 4.

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jaina siddhAnta : 445 ata: jinendra bhagavAn dvArA upadiSTa jIva, ajIva, Azrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa-ina tattvoM kA svarUpa nizcita hI tathya (satya) rUpa hai-isa prakAra kA zraddhAna aura unakA paramArtha rUpa se grahaNa karanA samyagdarzana hai tathA isake viparIta mithyAdarzana hai / ' dhavalA ke anusAra Apta, Agama aura padArtha ko tattvArtha kahate haiM / inake viSaya meM zraddhAna arthAt anurakti karane ko samyagdarzana kahate haiM / jinendra bhagavAn dvArA upadiSTa chaha da vya, pA~ca astikAya, aura nava padArthoM kA AjJA arthAt Atma vacana ke Azraya athavA adhigama (pramANa, naya nikSepa aura nirukti rUpa anuyogadvAroM) se zraddhAna karane ko samyaktva kahate haiM / tattvoM meM zraddhAna kA artha hai tattvoM kA svarUpa jAnakara unameM se heya tattvoM ko chor3anA tathA upAdeya tattvoM ko grahaNa karanA / vrata, mUlaguNa, uttaraguNa, zIla, parISaha jaya, cAritra, tapa, SaDAvazyaka, dhyAna aura adhyayana-ye saba samyaktva ke binA bhava-bIja (saMsAra ke kAraNa) haiN| samyagdarzana kI mahattA ratnatraya meM AdhyAtmika dRSTi se sarvAdhika mahattva samyagdarzana kA hai / samyadarzana se bhraSTa vyakti hI vAstava meM bhraSTa hai, kyoMki use tIna kAla meM bhI nirvANa sambhava nahIM hai / cAritrahIna to kadAcit siddha ho bhI sakatA hai, kintu darzanahIna kabhI bhI siddha nahIM hote / 5 samyaktvavihIna jIva hajAroM-karor3a varSoM taka bhalIbhA~ti ugratapa karake bhI bodhilAbha nahIM kara pAte kintu samyagdarzana se zuddha manuSya zIghra hI nirvANa prApta kara letA hai| ___ vastutaH samyagdRSTi jIva dRr3ha zraddhAna vAlA hotA hai| pratyeka kSaNa usakI viveka-zakti sadA jAgRta rahatI hai| vipatti par3ane para bhI vaha nyAyamArga se 1. jaM khala jiNovavadiLaM tameva tatthitti bhAvado gahaNaM / sammaiMsaNa bhAvo tavivarIdaM ca micchattaM // mUlAcAra 5 / 68. 2. dhavalA 1 / 1, 1, 4, pR0 152. 3. chappaMca-Nava-vihANaM atthANaM jiNavarovaiTTANaM / ANAe ahigameNa va saddahaNaM hoi sammattaM / / dhavalA 111,1,4 pRSTha 153. 4. rayaNasAra 121. 5. daMsaNabhaTThA bhaTThA saNabhaTThassa Natthi NivvANaM / sijhaMti cariyabhaTThA saNabhaTThA Na sijjhaMti // dasaNa pAhuDa 3. 6. vahI 5. 7. mokkhapAhuDa 39.

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446 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vicalita nahIM hotaa| kyoMki samyagdarzana vaha viveka-sUrya hai jisake udita hone para mithyAtva Adi apane-Apa bhAga jAte haiM / yaha vyakti-svAtaMtrya ko pratiSThita karane kA sarvottama sAdhana hai| yaha jIvana kA pramukha srota hone se jIva apanI svatantratA kA anubhava karane lagatA hai / use jIvana-maraNa kA bhaya nahIM rhtaa| samyagdRSTi jIva ko yaha dRr3ha zraddhAna rahatA hai ki jisa dravya kA jo guNa evaM svabhAva hai, vaha usakA usI meM rahatA hai| vaha apane ko kartA evaM bhoktA nahIM maantaa| kyoMki vaha jAnatA hai ki dravya pariNamanazIla hai ataH pratyeka dravya apanI pariNati-paryAya yA avasthA kA hI kartA aura bhoktA hai koI dravya kisI anya dravya kI paryAya kA kartA evaM bhoktA nahIM hai / yaha AtmA apane dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva kI apekSA bhAva (sattA) rUpa hai tathA apane AtmA ke atirikta anya jo cetana, acetana rUpa ananta padArtha haiM, ve saba para-dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva kI apekSA abhAva rUpa hai| isIlie vaha jJAnI svayaM ko jJAnAvaraNa Adi dravyakarma tathA rAga-dveSa Adi bhAvakarma tathA zarIra Adi nokarma se nitAnta bhinna anubhava karatA hai| jo apane ko para kA kartA-bhoktA anubhava nahIM karatA usakA jJAna Anandamaya svabhAva vAlA hai, vaha to Ananda kI pariNati kA kartA hai / isa taraha usa jIva ko Atma-dravya kA itanA bheda vijJAna ho jAtA hai ki vaha Atmadravya se atirikta kisI bhI dravya meM apanA svAmitva nahIM smjhtaa| aura jaba vaha paradravyoM kA kartA-bhoktA apane ko nahIM mAnatA, taba usa jIva ko karma-baMdha bhI nahIM ho sktaa| isase spaSTa hai ki samyagdarzana ananta zakti sampanna AtmA ke vizvAsa kA kendra hai| samyagdarzana ke bheda : utpatti kI dRSTi se samyagdarzana ke do bheda haiM2-1. nisagaMja (upadeza rUpa bAhya nimitta ke binA) arthAt svabhAvataH aura 2. adhigamaja arthAt upadeza Adi bAhya nimitta ke dvArA / vyavahAra tathA nizcaya-ye naya dRSTi se samyagdarzana ke do bheda bhI haiN| hiMsAdi rahita dharma, aThAraha doSa rahita deva, nirgrantha pravacana tathA sacce guru meM zraddhA honA, Apta, Agama aura tattvoM kA zraddhAna karanA vyavahAra samyagdarzana hai tathA jIvAdi sAta tattvoM se rahita zuddha AtmA kA zraddhAna nizcaya samyagdarzana hai| 1. saMyama prakAza uttarArddha 2 pRSTha 88.. 2. tannisargAdadhigamAdvA-tattvArthasUtra 1 / 3.

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jaina siddhAnta : 447 sarAga aura vItarAga ke bheda se bhI samyagdarzana ke do bheda haiM / prazama ( kaSAyavikAroM kA upazama), saMvega (saMsAra se bhIta rUpa pariNAma (anukampA samasta jIvoM para dayAbhAva ) aura Astikya (tattvoM ke astitva kI svIkRti ) ) - ina guNoM kI abhivyakti sarAga samyagdarzana hai tathA kisI bhI padArtha meM rAga-dveSa na karake mAdhyasthya bhAva se nija Atma-svarUpa kA anubhava karanA hI vItarAga samyagdarzana hai / aupazamika, kSAyopazamika aura kSAyika ke bheda se bhI isake tIna bheda haiM / " mithyAtva, samyagmithyAtva, samyaktva evaM anantAnubandhI krodha- mAna-mAyA aura lobha ina sAta prakRtiyoM ke upazama se hone vAlA aupazamika samyagdarzana hai / uparyukta sAta prakRtiyoM meM se samyaktva ko chor3akara zeSa chaha sarvaghAtI prakRtiyoM ke vartamAna kAla meM udaya Ane vAle niSekoM kA udayAbhAvI kSaya tathA AgAmI kAla meM udaya Ane vAle niSekoM kA sadavasthArUpa upazama evaM samyaktva prakRti ke udaya rahane se jo samyaktva hotA hai use kSAyopazamika samyagdarzana kahate haiM / tathA pUrvokta sAta prakRtiyoM ke kSaya se jo samyaktva utpanna hotA hai vaha kSAyikasamyagdarzana hai / isI prakAra anyAnya dRSTiyoM se isake aura bhI bheda AgamoM meM varNita haiM | - isa prakAra samyagdarzana kI zakti karmaraja ko dUra karane ke lie usa jalapravAha ke samAna hai, jo apane vega se miTTI ke Dhera ko bhI pravAhita karane kI kSamatA rakhatA hai / ise dharma kA mUla isIlie kahA hai kyoMki mokSamArga meM tattvajJAna se adhika samyak AsthA ( zraddhAna) upayogI hai aura yahI zraddhAna dharma kI vaha bhUmi hai jisa para zIla- AcAra kA mahAvRkSa utpanna hotA hai / yathArtha zraddhAna ke abhAva meM jJAna bhI kAryakArI nahIM ho sakatA hai / ataH jJAna ko hitAvaha banAne kA kArya samyagdarzana hI karatA hai / 2. samyojJAna : 'NANaM payAsao' -- samyagjJAna dravyasvarUpa kA prakAzaka hai arthAt vaha saMsAra aura mukti tathA inake kAraNoM ko prakAzita karatA hai / 3 'jAnAti jJAyate anena jJaptimAtra vA jJAnam 4 arthAt jo jAnatA hai, jisake dvArA jAnA jAtA hai yA jAnanA mAtra - yaha jJAna zabda kA vyutpattimUlaka artha hai aura samyagdarzana sahita jo jJAna hotA haiM vaha samyagjJAna hai / arthAt jIva, ajIva Adi. 1. go0 jIvakANDa gAthA 25, 26. 2. guru gopAladAsa varaiyA smRti granthaH pRSTha 386. 3. mUlAcAra 1018, bha0 A0 769, jayadhavalA 1 / 1 / 12 pU0 57. 4. sarvArthasiddhi 1 / 116. pR0 5.

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-448 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana padArthoM kA jaisA svarUpa hai usI prakAra se unakA saMzaya viparyaya - anavyavasAya rahita yathAvasthita adhigama karanA samyagjJAna hai / vaTTakera ke anusAra jisake sAmarthya se tattva kA viziSTa jJAna hotA hai, manovyApAroM kA nirodha tathA AtmA ko vizuddha kiyA jA sakatA hai / AtmA kAma, krodha Adi rAgabhAvoM se "virakta ho jAtA hai; jisake prabhAva se AtmA kalyANakAraNa mokSamArga meM anurakta hotA hai aura prANiyoM meM maitrIbhAva bar3hAtA hai jinazAsana meM use samyagjJAna kahA gayA hai / sarvArthasiddhi meM batalAyA hai ki jaise meghapaTala haTate hI sUrya ke pratApa aura prakAza eka sAtha prakaTa ho jAte haiM usI prakAra mithyAtva kA AvaraNa dUra hone para samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna eka sAtha prakaTa ho jAte haiM / vastutaH jJAnarUpI prakAza hI aisA utkRSTa prakAza hai, jisakA havA Adi koI bhI padArtha pratighAta ( vinAza) nahIM kara sakatA / sUrya kA prakAza to tIvra hote hue bhI alpakSetra ko hI prakAzita karatA hai kintu yaha jJAna - pradIpa samasta jagat ko prakAzita karatA hai arthAt samasta vastuoM meM vyApta jJAna ke samAna anya koI prakAza nahIM hai / isIlie ise dravya svabhAva kA prakAzaka kahA gayA hai / samyagjJAna se tattvajJAna, citta kA nirodha tathA Atmavizuddhi prApta hotI hai / aise hI jJAna se jIva rAga se vimukha tathA zreya meM anurakta hokara maMtrI bhAva se prabhAvita hotA hai| jJAna rUpI prakAza ke binA 5 aura tapa Adi prApti kI ko amRtarUpa jala se tRpta samyagjJAna ke bheda : icchA karanA vyartha hai / ' karane vAlA hotA hai / mati, zruta, avadhi, mana paryaya aura kevala - ye samyagjJAna ke pA~ca bheda haiM / vaise jJAna sAmAnya eka hI hai kintu karma ke kSaya-kSayoyazama Adi ke nimitta se ye pA~ca bheda kiye gaye haiM / 1. matijJAna - indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se hone vAlA jJAna matijJAna 1. mUlAcAra 5 / 70-71. 2. sarvArthasiddhi 1 / 1 / 7 pR0 5. mokSa kA upAyabhUta cAritra ataH samyagjJAna saMsArI jIvoM 3. NANujjovo jIvo NAgujjotrassa Natthi paDitrAdo / dIvei khettama sUro gANaM jagamasesaM // bha0 A0 768. 4. mUlAcAra 5185-86. 5. bha0 A0 771. 6. matizrutAvidhimanaH paryaya kevalAnijJAnam -- tattvArthasUtra 119.

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jaina siddhAnta : 449 kahalAtA hai / darzanapUrvaka avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ke krama se matijJAna hotA hai / ise Abhinibodhika jJAna bhI kahA jAtA hai| 2. zrutajJAna-matijJAna se jAne hue padArtha ko mana ke dvArA uttarottara vizeSatAoM sahita jAnane vAlA zrutajJAna hai arthAt matijJAna se jAne hue padArtha kA avalambana lekara matijJAna pUrvaka anya padArtha kA jo vizeSa cintana rUpa jJAna hotA hai vaha zrutajJAna hai| matijJAna pUrvaka hI zra tajJAna hotA hai| ina donoM kA kArya-kAraNa bhAva sambandha hai / matijJAna kAraNa aura zrutajJAna kArya hai / ataH mati aura zruta-ye donoM sahabhAvI jJAna haiM, eka dUsare kA sAtha nahIM chor3ate / ye donoM pratyeka saMsArI jIva meM hote haiM / matijJAna kA kArya hai indriyoM evaM mana ke dvArA sparza, rasa, gaMdha, rUpa, zabda Adi ko jAnanA aura inakI vividha avasthAoM para vicAra karanA / zru tajJAna kA kArya zabda ke dvArA usake vAcya artha ko jAnanA aura zabda ke dvArA jJAta artha ko punaH zabda ke dvArA pratipAdita karanA / isIlie isake akSarAtmaka, anakSArAtmaka rUpa tathA aMgabAhya aura aMga praviSTa rUpa bheda haiM / bAraha aMga grantha, caudaha pUrva tathA prakIrNaka Adi Agama bhI isI ke hI bheda mAne gaye haiM / mana vAle jIva akSara sunakara vAcaka ke dvArA vAcya kA jJAna honA akSarAtmaka zrutajJAna hai tathA binA akSaroM ke dvArA anya padArtha kA bodha / honA anakSarAtmaka zrutajJAna hai / yaha ekendriya Adi sabhI jIvoM ko hotA hai / zruta kA manana yA cintanAtmaka jitanA bhI jJAna hotA hai vaha saba zrutajJAna ke antargata hai / yaha rUpI-arUpI donoM prakAra ke padArthoM ko jAna sakatA hai| 3. avadhijJAna-bhUta, bhaviSyata kAla kI sImita bAtoM ko tathA dUra kSetra kI parimita rUpI vastuoM ko jAnane vAlA avadhijJAna hotA hai / ataH dezAntarita, kAlAntarita aura sUkSma padArthoM ke dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva kI maryAdA se jAnane vAle jJAna ko avadhijJAna kahate haiN| yaha avadhijJAnAvaraNa aura vIryAntarAya karma ke kSayopazama hai| 4. manaHparyaya-dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI maryAdA lie hae indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA hI dUsare ke mana kI avasthAoM (pryaayo) kA jJAna manaHparyayajJAna hai / sAmAnya rUpa meM yaha dUsare ke mana kI bAta ko jAnane vAlA jJAna hotA hai / vastutaH cintaka jaisA socatA hai usake anurUpa pudgala dravyoM kI AkRtiyA~ (paryAyeM) bana jAtI haiM aura inake jAnane kA kArya manaHparyaya karatA hai| isake lie vaha sarvaprathama matijJAna dvArA dUsare ke mAnasa ko grahaNa karatA hai, usake bAda manaHparyaya jJAna kI apane viSaya meM pravRtti hotI hai|

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-450 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana avadhi aura mana:paryaya - ye donoM jJAna AtmA se hote haiM / inake lie indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA Avazyaka nahIM hai / ye donoM rUpI dravyoM ke jJAna taka hI sImita hai ataH inheM apUrNa pratyakSa kahA jAtA hai / avadhijJAna ke dvArA rUpI dravya kA jitanA sUkSma aMza jAnA jAtA hai usase ananta guNA adhika sUkSma aMza mana:paryaya ke dvArA jAnA jAtA hai / avadhijJAna cAroM gatiyoM ke jIvoM ko ho sakatA hai kintu mana:paryaya jJAna manuSyagati meM, vaha bhI saMyata jIvoM ko hI hotA hai / isa paMcama kAla meM avadhijJAna kA honA to yahA~ sambhava bhI hai kintu mana:paryayajJAna honA durlabha hai / avadhi aura mana:paryaya kI mokSamArga meM anivAyatA nahIM haiM jabaki mati aura zrutajJAna anivArya haiM / 5. kevalajJAna - samasta padArthoM kI trikAlavartI paryAyoM ko yugapat jAnane vAlA kevalajJAna hai / isameM loka- aloka samasta rUpa meM pratibimbita hote haiM / " vastutaH AtmA jJAna svabhAva hai, ataH AtmA ke samasta AvaraNoM ke samApta ho jAne para apane svabhAva rUpa ho jAtA hai aura samasta padArthoM kI trikAlavartI paryAyoM ko eka sAtha jAnane lagatA hai / 'kevala' zabda asahAya vAcI hai / isIlie jo indriya aura Aloka Adi kisI kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA, vaha kevalajJAna hai / isake hone para AtmA paramAtmA rUpa banakara sarvajJa ho jAtA hai / yaha to vaha divya jJAna hai jisameM naSTa aura anutpanna paryAyeM bhI pratibimbita hotI haiM / sUrya ke pratApa aura jJAna sAmAnya to pratyeka prANI meM hotA hai kintu samyagjJAna kI prApti atyanta durlabha hai aura mokSa prApti ke lie samyagjJAna atyAvazyaka hai kyoMki cAritrahIna jJAna, darzana rahita munidIkSA tathA saMyama rahita tapa nirarthaka hI hotA hai / sarvArthasiddhi meM batalAyA hai ki jaise metrapaTala haTate hI prakAza eka sAtha prakaTa ho jAte haiM usI prakAra mithyAtva kA AvaraNa dUra hone para samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna eka sAtha prakaTa ho jAte haiM / jJAna aura darzana yadyapi do bhinna-bhinna zaktiyA~ haiM phira bhI ye samakAla meM hI hote haiM aura kAryakAraNa-bhAva hone tathA lakSaNa bhinna hone se ina donoM meM bhinnatA hai / darzana kAraNa hai evaM jJAna kArya hai / samyagdarzana tattva-ruci rUpa hai tathA samyagjJAna tattvabodha rUpa hai / 3. samyak cAritra cAritra zabda kA vyutpattimUlaka artha hai 'carati caryate'nena caraNamAtraM vA cAritram - arthAt jo AcaraNa karatA hai, jisake dvArA AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai yA 1. uparyukta viSaya sarvArthasiddhi tattvArthavArtika adhyAya 1 sUtra 9-29 para AdhArita hai / "

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jaina siddhAnta : 451 AcaraNa karanA mAtra cAritra hai / jo jJAnI puruSa saMsAra ke kAraNoM ko dUra karane ke lie udyata hai, usake karmoM ke grahaNa karane meM nimittabhUta kriyA ke uparama hone ko samyak cAritra kahate haiM / " rAga aura dveSa ko dUra karane ke lie jJAnI puruSa kI jo caryA hotI hai vaha bhI samyak cAritra hai / samyagdarzana evaM samyagjJAna pUrvaka mUlaguNoM evaM uttaraguNoM arthAt vrata, samiti, gupti Adi tathA uttama kSamA Adi dasa dharmoM kA pAlana karanA samyakcAritra hai / mUlAcAra meM akaSAya bhAva ko cAritra kahA hai / tathA dravya saMgraha meM azubha kAryoM se nivRtti evaM zubha kAryoM meM pravRtti ko cAritra kahA gayA hai / vastutaH cAritra hI dharmaM hai / yaha dharma sAmyabhAva rUpa hai tathA yaha sAmyabhAva rAga-dveSa-moha ke abhAva se prApta hotA hai / arthAt moha kSobha udvegatA se rahita AtmapariNati hI dharma hai / yahA~ jisa cAritra ko dharma kahA gayA hai, vaha cAritra tatvajJAna se puSTa hotA hai / Agama meM ise "zIla" kahA hai| zIla ke binA jJAna nahIM aura jJAna ke binA zIla kI pravRtti nahIM hotI / indriyoM ke viSayoM se virakta rahane vAle vyakti ho zIlavAn hote haiM aura ve hI nirvANa prApta karate haiM / isIlie mUlAcAra meM cAritra kI pradhAnatA batalAte hue kahA hai ki acchItaraha par3hA huA, gunA huA bhI sampUrNa zrutajJAna nizcita rUpa se bhraSTa cAritra zramaNa ko sugati prApta karAne meM samartha nahIM hai arthAt yathArtha cAritra kA pAlana karane vAlA alpajJa zramaNa bhI bahuzruta kintu cAritrahIna bhramaNa se zreSTha hai / jaise hAtha meM dIpaka lekara bhI vyakti kuA~ meM giratA hai to isameM becAre dIpaka kA kyA doSa ? usI taraha yadi koI zikSita hokara bhI anyAya karatA hai - arthAt zrutajJAna kA adhyayana karake bhI koI zramaNa cAritra bhaMga karatA hai to usa zrutajJAna rUpa zikSA kA kyA phala ? arthAt vaha zikSA vyartha hai / zikSA kA phala to * sadAcArayukta cAritra kA anuSThAna karanA hai / " dIkSA Adi meM varSoM kI gaNanA - 1. sarvArthasiddhi 1 / 1 / 5-6 pR0 4-5. 2. akasAyaM tu cAritaM - mUlAcAra 10 / 91. 3. asuhAdo viNivitto, suhe pavittiya jANa cAritaM - - dravya saMgraha 45. 4. cAritaM khalu dhammo dhammo jo so samo ttiNidiTTho / mohakkhahavihINa pariNAmo appaNI hu samo // pravacanasAra 117. 5. savvaM pi hi sudaNANaM suTTu suguNidaM pi suThu paDhidaM pi / samaNaM bhaTThacaritaM Na hu sakko suggaiM Nedu // adi padi dIvahattho avaDe ki kuNadi tassa so dIvo / - jadi sikkhiUNa aNayaM karedi kiM tassa sikkhaphalaM // mUlAcAra 10114-15.

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452 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana nahIM karanA cAhie kyoMki mukti ke kAraNa meM varSoM kI gaNanA nahIM hotii| bahuta se vairAgI-dhIra zramaNa tIna rAtri mAtra meM hI cAritradhArI hokara siddha ho gaye haiN|' vaTTakera ne rUpakAlaMkAra dvArA saMsAra samudra se pAra hone ke lie tInoM kI ekarUpatA kI AvazyakatA para bala dete hue kahA hai ki jJAna nirjIvaka (mallAha) hai, dhyAna havA hai tathA cAritra jahAja (naukA) hai aura yaha saMsAra samudra-rUpa hai| ina jJAna, dhyAna aura cAritra ke saMyoga se bhavyajIva jaldI hI saMsAra rUpa samudra se pAra hokara mukti prApta kara letA hai| ataH zuddha dazA meM AtmA ko sthira rakhane kA prayAsa karanA caahie| bheda-pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi evaM nimitta bheda kI apekSA samyakcAritra ke pA~ca bheda haiM-sAmAyika, chedopasthApanA, parihAra vizuddhi, sUkSmasAmparAya aura yathAkhyAta / (1) sAmAyika-rAga-dveSa ke nirodha pUrvaka pratyeka kArya evaM vastu ke prati pUrI taraha se samabhAva rakhanA sAmAyika cAritra hai| sAmAyika zabda meM samaya kA artha hai samyaktva, jJAna, saMyama tathA tapa aura ina sabake sAtha aikya rakhanA sAmAyika hai / nizcaya samyagdarzana-jJAna kI ekAgratA dvArA samasta sAvadya-yoga kA tyAga karake zuddhAtma svarUpa meM abheda hone para zubhAzubha bhAvoM kA tyAga karanA arthAt samabhAva meM sthira rahane ke lie sampUrNa azuddha pravRttiyoM kA tyAga karanA sAmAyika cAritra hai| isameM samasta sAvadha yoga kA ekadeza tyAga hotA hai / yaha cAritra chaThe se navama guNasthAna taka hotA hai| (2) chedopasthApana-paMcasaMgraha meM kahA hai ki sAvadha paryAya rUpa purAnI paryAya ko chedakara ahiMsAdi paMca mahAvrata rUpa dharma meM apanI AtmA ko sthApita karanA chedopasthApanA hai / arthAt sAmAyika cAritra se yukta koI jIva usase haTakara sAvadha vyApAra yukta ho jAtA hai, tataH prAyazcitta dvArA una doSoM ko chedakara, AtmA 1. mUlAcAra 10174. 2. NijjAvago ya NANaM vAdo jhANaM caritta NAvA hi / bhavasAgaraM tu bhaviyA taraMti tihisaNNipAyeNa / / vahI 107. 3. sAmAyikachedopasthApanAparihAravizuddhisUkSmasAMparAyayathAkhyAtamiticAritram / -tattvArthasUtra 9 / 18. 4. paMcasaMgraha, prAkRta 11130.

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jaina siddhAnta : 453 ko saMyama meM sthira karatA hai to use chedopasthApanA cAritra kahate haiM / yaha cAritra bhI chaThe se navama guNasthAna taka hotA hai / (3) parihAravizuddhi-atyanta kaThina aura nirmala yaha cAritra dhIra tathA guNa gambhIra, uccadarzI unhIM zramaNoM ko hotA hai jo janma se lekara tIsa varSa kI avasthA taka sukhapUrvaka ghara meM rahA aura phira tIrthaMkara ke pAdamUla meM pratyAkhyAna nAmaka navama pUrva kA adhyayana kara letA hai / vastutaH prANivadha se nivRtta honA parihAra hai tathA isa zuddhiyukta cAritra ko parihAravizuddhi cAritra kahate haiM / yogasAra meM kahA hai ki mithyAtvAdi ke parihAra se samyagdarzana meM hone vAlI vizuddhi ko hI zIghra mokSa siddhi prApta karAne vAlA parihAravizuddhi cAritra kahA hai|' jinake yaha cAritra hotA hai unake zarIra se jIvoM kI virAdhanA (hiMsA) nahIM hotI / yaha chaThe evaM sAtaveM guNasthAna meM hotA hai| (4) sUkSmasAmparAya-jisa avasthA meM kaSAyavRttiyA~ kSINa hokara kiMcit rUpa meM ho avaziSTa rahI hoM arthAt jaba atisUkSma lobhakaSAya kA udaya rahatA hai laba yaha cAritra hotA hai / yaha dasaveM guNasthAna meM hotA hai / (5) yayAkhyAta-sampUrNa mohanIya karma ke kSaya athavA upazama se AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa meM sthira honA vItarAga yA yathAkhyAta cAritra hai| dravyasaMgraha TIkA meM kahA hai-jaise AtmA kA svarUpa, sahaja, zuddha svabhAva evaM kaSAyarahita hotA hai vaise hI akhyAta kahA jAtA hai / 2 arthAt jisameM kisI bhI kaSAya kA udaya na hokara yA to vaha upazAnta rahatA hai yA kSINa / yaha cAritra gyArahaveM se caudahaveM guNasthAna taka hotA hai| guNasthAna: / guNasthAna jaina dharma-darzana kI maulika avadhAraNA hai jisameM AtmA se paramAtmA banane meM AtmA ke kramika vikAsa ko darzAyA gayA hai / vastutaH moha tathA mana-vacana-kAyarUpa yoga kI pravRtti ke kAraNa jIva ke antaraMga pariNAmoM meM pratikSaNa honevAle utAra-car3hAva ko guNasthAna kahA gayA hai| kramika AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se saMsAra ke samasta prANiyoM ko caudaha bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke isa krama ko guNasthAna kahate haiM / guNa kA artha 'jIva ke bhAva' aura sthAna kA artha 'krama' hai / athavA guNoM arthAt AtmazaktiyoM ke, sthAnoM-vikAsa kI kramika avasthAoM ko guNasthAna kahate haiN| 1. yogendudevakRta yogasAra 102. 2. dravyasaMgraha TokA, 35 / 148.

Page #505
454 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana isa prakAra sAMsArika dRr3ha bandhanoM se lekara pUrNa mukta hone taka kI avasthA taka pahu~cane kI caudaha bhUmikAyeM (AtmA kI sthiti vizeSa ) haiM / ise isa taraha bhI kaha sakate haiM ki Atmika guNoM ke alpatama vikAsa se lekara usake sampUrNa vikAsa taka kI samasta bhUmikAoM ko hI caudaha bhAgoM ( guNasthAnoM) meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai arthAt mokSarUpI mahala ke zikhara para car3hane ke lie ye guNasthAna sopAnoM ( sIr3hiyoM) ke samAna mAne gaye haiM / zAstrIya dRSTi se darzanamohanIya evaM cAritramohanIya Adi karmoM ke udaya, upazama, kSaya, kSayopazama aura pariNAmarUpa avasthA vizeSoM ke hone para utpanna honevAle jina mithyAtva Adi pariNAmoM se jIva dekhe jAte haiM yA paricaya meM Ate haiM unheM guNasthAna kahate haiM 12 jIva ke svabhAvabhUta jJAna, darzana aura cAritrarUpa guNoM ke upacaya aura apacaya se jo unake svarUpa bheda hotA hai use bhI guNasthAna kahA gayA hai / 3 ye caudaha guNasthAna isa prakAra hai - midhyAdRSTi, sAsAdana, mizra ( samyak - mithyAdRSTi ), asaMyata (avirata ) samyakadRSTi, dezavirata ( dezasaMyata), pramattavirata, apramattavirata, apUrvakaraNa, anivRttikaraNasaMyata, sUkSmasAMparAya, upazAMta moha, kSINamoha, sayogakevalo aura ayogakevalI / 1. mithyAdRSTi : - viparIta tattva zraddhAna ( ruci ) hI mithyAdRSTi hai / viparIta, ekAnta, vinaya, saMzaya aura ajJAna ye isake pAMca bheda hai / ye pA~coM mithyAtvazraddhAna mithyAtvakarma ke udaya se utpanna hote haiM tathA atattva zraddhAna jinheM utpanna huA hai aise anekAnta dharmAtmaka vastusvarUpa se parAGgamukha jIva mithyAdRSTi guNasthAnavartI kahalAtA hai / " aise jIvoM ko apane heya - upAdeya kA kucha bhI jJAna nahIM hotA / ye sadA viSayoM meM masta, ajJAna meM rata aura viparIta 1. guNasthAneSu paramapada - prAsAda zikharArohaNasopAneSu karmastavasvopajJavRtti - 1. 2. jehi dulakkhijjaMte udayAdisu saMbhavehi bhAvehiM / jIvA te guNasaNNA NiddiTThA savvadarasIhi / go0 jIvakANDa 8. 3. karmastava - govindagaNI vRtti 1. pRSTha 70. 4. micchAdiTThI sAsAdaNo ya misso asaMjado ceva / - desavirado patto apamatto taha ya NAyavvo // to avvakaraNo aNiyaTTI suhumasaMparAo ya / uvasaMtakhINamoho sajogikevalijiNo ajogI ya / mUlAcAra 12 / 154-155. 5. mUlAcAra vRtti 12 / 154 //

Page #506
jaina siddhAnta : 455 dRSTi vAle hote haiM / jaise pittajvara se yukta jIva ko mIThA rasa bhI rucikara nahIM lagatA, apitu kar3avA pratIta hotA hai-usI prakAra mithyAdarzana ke udaya meM jIva ko AtmahitakArI dharma bhI rucikara nahIM lgtaa| isa guNasthAna vAlA jIva jinendra praNIta-Agama, padArtha aura Apta Adi para zraddhA na karake ayayArtha vastutattva meM rUci rakhatA hai / 2. sAsAdana samyagdRSTi-samyaktva kI virAdhanA (nAza) ko AsAdana aura isase yukta ko sArasadana kahate haiN| mithyAtvakarma ke udaya ko haTAkara jIva samyagdRSTi banatA hai / samyaktva se cyuta hokara jaba taka mithyAtva ko prApta nahIM karatA hai yahI bIca kI sthiti sAsAdana guNasthAna kI hai / arthAt jo samyaktva se cyuta ho cukA hai para abhI mithyAtva ko prApta nahIM huA hai, usa sthiti ko isa guNasthAna kA nAma diyA gayA hai / isa guNasthAna meM jIva eka samaya se lekara adhika se adhika chaha AvalI kAla taka rahatA hai| usake bAda vaha niyamataH mithyAdRSTi ho jAtA hai / kAla ke sabase sUkSma aMza ko samaya kahate haiM, aise asaMkhyAta samayoM kI eka AvalI hotI hai| chaha AvalI pramANa kAla eka minaTa se bhI bahuta choTA hotA hai| gommaTasAra meM kahA hai jisa prakAra koI parvata ke zikhara se girakara jabataka bhUmi meM nahIM AtA taba taka usakI jo bIca kI sthiti hotI hai vaha sthiti bhavya jIva kI hai jo upazama samyaktva se bhraSTa ho cukA hai para mithyAtva ko abhI prApta nahIM haA hai-usake abhimukha hai, ise sAsAdana guNasthAna kahate haiM / (3) mizra : (samyagmithyAdRSTi)-isameM samyaktva aura mithyAtva donoM kI mizrita sthiti hotI hai| isa guNasthAna vAle jIva ke pariNAma na to zuddha samyaktva rUpa hI rahate haiM aura na zuddha mithyAtvarUpa hI rahate haiM kintu dahI aura gur3a ke mizrita (khaTTe aura mIThe) rUpa ke samAna hote haiM arthAt eka hI kAla meM samyaktva aura mithyAtvarUpa pariNAma hote haiM / yadyapi mithyAtva guNasthAna kI apekSA yaha guNasthAna U~cA hai tathApi mizra pariNAmoM ke kAraNa yathArtha pratIti nahIM rhtii| isa guNasthAna kA kAla adhika se adhika antarmuhUrta hai| isa guNasthAna meM yadi samyaktva prakRti kA udaya A jAye to vaha caturtha guNasthAna ko anyathA sIdhe mithyAtva guNasthAna ko prApta hotA hai| prathama guNasthAna aura isa 1. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa gAthA 20. 2. dahiguDamiva vAmissaM, puhabhAvaM Neva kAridu sakkaM / evaM missayabhAvo, sammAmicchotti NAyanvo // go0 jIvakANDa 22.

Page #507
456 : mULAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana guNasmAna meM yahI bhinnatA hai ki pahale guNasthAna vAlA to ekAntarUpa se tatva ko mithyA mAna baiThatA hai / para isa guNasthAna meM usakI sthiti saMzaya rUpa hotI hai / isa guNasthAna kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM na to Ayu kA bandha hotA hai aura na maraNa / isameM saMyama yA deza saMyama ko bhI jIva grahaNa nahIM kara sakatA / " (4) asaMyata ( avirata ) samyagdRSTi : isa guNasthAna ke jIva kI zraddhA yathArthaM hone se vaha samyagdRSTi to hotA hai para vratoM se rahita bhI hotA hai / yaha antaraMga meM indriya-sambandhI viSayoM se glAni bhI rakhatA hai, sAMsArika bandhanoM se chUTanA bhI cAhatA hai kintu cAritramohanIya karma kA udaya hone se saMyama dhAraNa nahIM kara pAtA / mAtra tattvoM kA dRr3ha zraddhAna usameM rahatA hai / aupazamikasamyagdRSTi, kSAyikasamyagdRSTi aura kSAyopazamikasamyagdRSTi (vedaka samyaktva ) - ye isake tIna bheda haiM / hag ina tInoM meM aupazamika aura kSAyika nirmala haiM kyoMki ye malajanaka samyaktva prakRti ke udaya se rahita haiM kintu kSAyopazamika samyagdarzana ke sAtha jo usa samyaktva prakRti kA udaya rahatA hai vaha yadyapi tattvArtha zraddhAna ke naSTa karane meM samartha nahIM hai, para usake nimitta se usameM cala, malina aura agAr3ha doSa sambhava haiM / yahA~ taka ke cAroM guNasthAna cAroM gatiyoM ke jIvoM meM sambhava hote haiM / (5) vaizavirata : ( saMyatAsaMyata ) - isa guNasthAnavartI jIva trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA se virakta hone se saMyata aura sthAvara prANiyoM kI rakSA meM asamartha hone ke kAraNa asaMyata - - isa prakAra donoM rUpa eka hI samaya meM hotA hai / aisA jIva dezavratI (aNuvratI ) hone ke sAtha-sAtha samyagdRSTi bhI hotA hai / cauthe guNasthAna meM AtmasaMyama kA sarvathA abhAva hotA hai parantu isa paMcama guNasthAna meM AtmasaMyama kA AMzika rUpa vidyamAna rahatA hai / isa guNasthAna kI sImA aNuvratoM taka sImita rahatI hai / isa guNasthAna ko dezasaMyata, saMyatAsaMyata, upAsaka, zrAvaka, viratAvirata Adi nAmoM se bhI jAnA jAtA hai / manuSya aura tiryaJca ina do gatiyoM ke jova hI isa guNasthAna ke dhAraka ho sakate haiM, deva aura nArakIya nahIM / aura inameM bhI manuSya hI zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAyeM dhAraNa kara sakatA hai tiryaMca nahIM / cAritrika vikAsa kA zubhArambha tathA pUrNa saMyama kI prApti kA abhyAsa bhI isI guNasthAna se hotA hai | 1. go0 jI0 23, 24. 2. mUlAcAra vRtti 12 / 154. 3. zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI smRti grantha 4 / 10.

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jaina siddhAnta : 457 (6) pramatta saMyata (pramattavirata)--pramAdayukta saMyamavAle muniyoM ko pramattasaMyata kahate haiN| sakalasaMyama ko rokane vAlI pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya kA kSayopazama hone ke kAraNa hiMsAdi pA~ca pApoM kA sarvadeza tyAga hone se pUrNa saMyama (mahAvratI) to ho cukA kintu usa saMyama ke sAtha saMjvalana-kaSAya aura nokaSAya kA udaya hone se saMyama meM mala utpanna karane vAlA 'pramAda' bhI vidyamAna rahatA hai / isa taraha ahiMsAdi mahAvratoM meM asAvadhAnI A jAne ke kAraNa pramAda bhI utpanna ho jAtA hai ataH ise pramatta saMyata kahate haiM / ' strIkathA, bhaktakathA, rASTrakathA, aura rAjakathA-ye cAra vikathAyeM, krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha-ye cAra kaSAya, pAMca indriya, nidrA aura sneha (praNaya) ye pandraha pramAda haiN| inake kAraNa jo gupti, samiti ke viSaya meM pramAda yukta bhI ho jAtA hai vaha pramattavirata hai| (7) apramatta saMyata (apramatta birata)-jisameM pramAda kI tanika bhI zakyatA nahIM hotI vaha apramattavirata guNasthAna hai| pramAda ke naSTa ho jAne para isameM askhalita saMyama kA pAlana tathA jJAna-dhyAna meM saMlagnatA rahatI hai| pUrvokta pandraha pramAdoM se rahita saMyamI muni ko apramatta saMyata kahate haiM / isa guNasthAna meM saMjvalana kaSAya maMda ho jAtI hai / isa guNasthAna kA kAla antarmuhUrta mAtra hotA hai / isase yadi vaha paramavizuddhi ko prApta kara letA hai to Upara ke guNasthAnoM meM car3ha sakatA hai anyathA vaha punaH chaThe guNasthAna meM A jAtA hai / isase lekara Age ke sabhI guNasthAnoM meM apramattatA hotI hai| vartamAna kAla meM koI bhI sAdhu sAtaveM guNasthAna se aura usameM bhI svasthAnaapramattadazA se Upara nahIM car3ha sakatA, kyoMki Upara car3hane yogya uttama saMhanana Adi ke abhAva meM zreNI avarohaNa kI pAtratA nahIM hai, kintu jisa kAla meM sabhI "prakAra kI pAtratA aura sAdhana-sAmagrI sulabha hotI hai usa samaya sAdhu Upara ke guNasthAnoM meM bhI car3hatA hai| ___ isa guNasthAna se Age arthAt AThaveM guNasthAna se jIvanotkrAnti ke lie do zreNiyoM ke dvArA karmoM kA abhAva kiyA jAtA hai 1-upazama zreNI-(karmoM ke udaya ko dabAnA), 2-kSapaka zreNI-(karmoM ko naSTa karanA) upazama karane vAlA apane zubhabhAvoM se karmoM ko dabAtA jAtA hai, para kSapaka vAlA apane zuddha bhAvoM se karmoM ko naSTa karatA jAtA hai| kSapaka zreNI para tadbhava mokSagAmI kSAyika 1. mUlAcAra vRtti 12 / 154. 2. vahI. 3. AcArya zrI dharmasAgara abhivandana graMtha-pRSTha : 492.

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458 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana samyagdRSTi jIva hI ArohaNa karate haiM kintu upamaza zreNI para tadbhava-atadbhava mokSagAmI evaM aupazamika tathA kSAyika samyagdRSTi donoM prakAra ke jIva car3ha sakate haiN| (8) apUrvakaraNa-isameM pahale kabhI jisa avasthA kA anubhava prApta nahIM kiyA usa apUrvakaraNa (AtmA ke pariNAma) arthAt Atma zuddhi kA anubhava hotA hai / isa guNasthAna meM Age-Age visadRza samayoM meM sthita jIva jina pariNAmoM ko prApta karate haiM ve pUrva meM nIce ke samayoM meM kabhI prApta nahIM hue, isIlie isakA apUrvakaraNa nAma sArthaka hai|' upazama aura kSapaka ye isake do bheda haiN| jo karmoM kA upazama karate haiM use upazama apUrvakaraNa kahate haiM / aura jo kSaya karane meM lage haiM unheM kSapaka apUrvakaraNa kahate haiN| isake kSAyika samya ktva guNa hotA hai| vastutaH darzana mohanIya kA kSaya jaba taka nahIM hotA taba taka kSapaka zreNI para ArohaNa nahIM ho sktaa| jaba koI sAtizaya apramattasaMyata mohanIya karma kA upazama yA kSapaNa karane ke lie udyata hokara adhaHpravRttakaraNa pariNAma karake isa guNasthAna meM praveza karatA hai taba usake pariNAma (karaNa) pratyeka kSaNa meM apUrvaapUrva hI hote haiM, pratyeka samaya usako vizuddhi anantaguNI hotI jAtI hai| yaha guNasthAna aura isase Age bArahaveM guNasthAna taka ke saba guNasthAna dhyAnAvasthA meM hI hote haiM / inakA kAla atyanta alpa (antarmuhUrta pramANa) hai / isa guNasyAna ko zvetAmbara paramparA meM nivRttibAdara bhI kahA gayA hai / (9) anivRttikaraNa-ise bAdara-sAmparAya3 yA anivRttibAdara guNasthAna nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| jina pariNAmoM ke nimitta se paraspara meM bheda nahIM pAyA jAtA unako anivRttikaraNa kahate haiM / isa guNasthAna meM eka samayavartI jIvoM ke pariNAmoM meM nivRtti arthAt bheda yA viSamatA nahIM pAyI jAtI ataH una anivRtti pariNAmoM ke kAraNa hI ise anivRtti kahA jAtA hai / isa guNasthAna. vartI jIva ke pariNAma atyanta nirmala aura karmarUpI vana ko naSTa karane vAle hote hai / isake upazamaka aura kSapaka ye do bheda haiN| upazama zreNI vAlA kucha prakRtiyoM kA upazama karatA hai aura kucha kA Age ke guNasthAna meM karegA, ataH ise aupazamika guNasthAnavAlA kahate haiN| kSapaka zreNI vAlA bhI cAritramahonIya karma prakRtiyoM ke sAtha hI anya prakRtiyoM kA kSaya karatA hai aura kucha kA Age. 1. go0 jIvakANDa 51. 2. mUlAcAravRtti0 12 / 155. 3. vahI.

Page #510
jaina siddhAnta : 459 kregaa| isalie isako kSapaka guNasthAnavAlA kahate haiN| arthAt isa guNasthAna vAle jIvoM meM se kucha jIva to atyanta nirmala bhAvoM ke dvArA mahAmoharUpI zatru kA kSaya karate haiM aura kitane hI usakA upazamana karate haiM / (10) sUkSmasAmparAya :-sUkSmasAmparAya kA artha ra ma lobhakaSAya hai / isa guNasthAnavI jIva ke kaSAya sUkSma hote haiM ataH isakA nAma sUkSmasAparAya hai / isa avasthA meM krodha, mAna, mAyA-ye tIna kaSAya to naSTa ho jAtI hai mAtra sUkSma lobha kaSAya hI asthipaMjara ke rUpa meM raha jAtI hai / isa guNasthAna ke bhI kSapaka aura upazamaka ye do bheda haiM / ' sAtaveM guNasthAna ke jisa sAtizaya apramatta bhAga se yaha jIva Upara ke guNasthAnoM meM car3hatA hai vahIM se unakI do dhArAyeM ho jAtI haiM / prathama upazama zreNI kI aura dUsarI kSapaka zreNI kii| mohakarma ke kSaya karane kI jisa jIva meM yogyatA nahIM hotI, jo kSAyika samyagdRSTi nahIM hotA vaha upa zama zreNI car3hatA hai tathA jisameM ye yogyatAyeM hotI haiM vaha kSapaka zreNI car3hatA hai / . AThavA~, navA~ dasavA~ evaM gyArahavAM-ye cAra guNasthAna upazama zreNI kI apekSA hai tathA AThavA~, navA~, dasavA~ aura bArahavA~-ye cAra guNasthAna kSapaka zreNI kI apekSA hote haiN| isIlie gommaTasAra meM kahA hai cAhe upazama zreNI kA ArohaNa karane vAlA ho yA kSapaka zreNI kA, para jo jIva sUkSmalobha ke udaya kA anubhava kara rahA hai vaha dasavA~ guNasthAnavartI jIva yathAkhyAta cAritra se kucha hI nyUna rahatA hai / arthAt sUkSmalobha prakRti ko upazama zreNI vAlA jova to antima samaya meM upazamana karake gyArahaveM guNasthAna meM jAtA hai tathA kSapaka zreNI vAlA jIva usakA kSaya karake dasaveM se sIdhe bArahaveM guNasthAna meM pahu~catA hai| (11) upazAnta-kaSAya (upazAnta moha)-sampUrNa mohanIya karma ke upazama se utpanna hone vAle nirmala pariNAma ko upazAMta kaSAya yA upazAnta moha guNasthAnavartI kahate hai / yahA~ upazAMtamoha kA artha hI kiJcit kAla ke liye mohanIya karma kA zAnta ho jAnA yA daba jAnA hai| vaise phira vaha punaH rAkha se DhakI huI Aga kI taraha bhabhaka sakatA hai / paMcasaMgraha meM kahA hai jaise maile (gande) pAnI meM phiTakarI Adi DAlane para usakA malabhAga nIce baiTha jAtA hai aura Upara kA jala svaccha ho jAtA hai vaise hI upazama zreNI rUpa pariNAmoM ke dvArA zukladhyAna se mohanIya karma eka antarmuhurta ke lie upazAnta kara diyA jAtA hai jisase 1. mUlAcAra vRtti 12 / 155. 2. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 60. 3. mUlAcAra vRtti 12 / 155.

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460 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana jIvoM ke pariNAmoM meM nirmalatA A jAtI hai, kintu yaha nirmalatA UparI sataha ke svaccha jala ke samAna hai / sattA meM to mohanIya karma abhI bhI vidyamAna hai / phira bhI aisI avasthA se yukta jIva ko zAntamoha yA upazAnta-kaSAya vItarAga chadmastha kahate haiN|' isa guNasthAna meM aupazamika-yathAkhyAta cAritra prakaTa hotA hai| (12) kSINamoha (kSINakaSAya vItarAgachamastha) :-jisakA moha pUrNataH naSTa ho cukA hai vaha kSINamoha kahalAtA hai / mohanIya karma rUpa dravyamoha aura rAgadveSAdi rUpa bhAvamoha-ina donoM prakAra ke moha karma se rahita sAdhu kSINamoha guNasthAnavartI mAnA jAtA hai / isa guNasthAna taka jJAnAvaraNa aura darzanAvaraNa karma kI sattA rahane se ina guNasthAnavI jIvoM ko chadmastha kahate haiM / isa avasthA se patana kA koI bhaya nahIM rhtaa| yahA~ zukladhyAna kA ekatvavitarka nAmaka dvitIya bheda prakaTa hotA hai / jaisA ki upazamaka aura kSapaka ina do bhedoM kA pUrva meM ullekha kiyA hai inake viSaya meM yaha spaSTIkaraNa Avazyaka hai ki kSaNaka zreNI vAlA jIva to dasaveM guNasthAna se ekadama bArahaveM guNasthAna meM car3hatA hai kintu upazama zreNI vAlA jIva dasaveM ke bAda gyArahaveM guNasthAna meM car3hatA hai| isakA antamuhUrta pramANakAla pUrA hote hI mohanIya karma ke udaya se niyamataH vaha nIce gira jAtA hai| nIce giratA huA vaha jIva chaThe, sAtaveM guNasthAna taka A jAtA hai / yadi bahA~ vaha punaH prayatna kare tathA kSAyika samyagdRSTi banakara kSapaka zreNI para car3he to vaha bhI kSapaka kI taraha dasaveM se ekadama bArahavAM guNasthAnavartI banakara kSINamohI vItarAga bana sakatA hai aura eka antarmuharta taka usa vItarAgatA kA anubhava kara jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antarAya-ina zeSa tIna dhAtiyA karmoM kA kSaya karake terahaveM guNasthAna meM pahu~catA hai, jahA~ vaha arahanta, sarvajJa, jIva. nmukta Adi saMjJAoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai| (13) sayogakevalI :--jo kevalI yoga (mana, vacana, kAya kI pravRtti) sahita hotA hai arthAt tIna prakAra ke yoga sahita rahane se vaha sayoga yA sayogI tathA kevala jJAna-darzana ke svAmI hone se vaha kevalI hotA hai| isa taraha isa guNasthAna kA nAma sayogakevalI hai / isameM jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya-ye cAra ghAtiyA karma naSTa hone se kevalajJAna kI prApti ho 1. paMcasaMgraha (saMskRta) 1147. 2. mUlAcAra vRtti 12 / 155.

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jaina siddhAnta : 461 jAtI hai / yahA~ vedanIyakarma kI bhI kucha zakti naSTa ho jAtI hai / isase kSuvAdi bAdhA utpanna nahIM hotI / isa guNasthAna meM ve arhanta avasthA bhI prApta kara lete haiN|' isameM samavasaraNAdi parama vibhUti ke sAtha vihAra karate hue tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM dharma pravartana karake jIvoM ko divya dezanA ke dvArA upadeza bhI dene lagate haiM / sUkSmakriyA-pratipAti nAmaka tIsare zukladhyAna ke dvArA yoga nAmaka karma kA nirodha karatA hai ataH use 'jina' bhI kahA jAtA hai / (14) ayogakevalI : - jisameM yogoM kA sarvathA abhAva ho jAtA hai arthAt manoyoga, vacanayoga aura kAyayoga se rahita avasthA ayogakevalI gugasthAna hai / jo kevala tInoM yogoM se rahita hokara samasta AsravoM kA nirodha karatA huA navIna karmoM ke baMdha se rahita ho cukA hai tathA jisane zailezya bhAva ko arthAt aThAraha hajAra zIloM ke svAmitva ko prApta kiyA hai vaha ayogakevalI kahalAtA hai / isa avasthA meM vedanIya, Ayu, nAma aura gotra - ye cAra avAtiyA karma bhI naSTa ho jAte haiM ora sampUrNa karmanAza se AtmA nirmala ho jAtI hai / isa guNasthAna kA kAla (atarmuhUrta pramANa) samApta hone para ve mokSa prApta kara lete haiM / arthAt mukta yA siddha banakara siddhAlaya pahu~cate haiM / ye siddha sampUrNa karmoM se rahita, sahaja, anupama, anaMta, pratipakSarahita sukhoM ke svAmI hote haiM / caramadeha se kiMcit nyUna unake Atma pradezoM kA AkAra hotA hai / ye siddha parameSThI lokAgra-zikhara para sthita hote haiM / isa prakAra prathama mithyAtva se lekara mokSa prApti paryanta taka caudaha AdhyAtmika bhUmikAoM ke rUpa meM ye guNasthAna Atmika utkrAMti karane vAlI AtmA kI uttarottara vikAsasUcaka avasthAe~ haiM / vastutaH pUrNa satya kI prApti apane puruSArtha dvArA jJAtA - dRSTA - caitanya svarUpa AtmA ko zuddha rUpa meM prApta kara lene para hI hotI hai / karmoM kI paristhitiyoM ke anusAra hI jIva ke nirmala yA malina bhAva utpanna hote haiM / jIva ke bhAvoM kA sambandha mohanIya karma ke sAtha hai aura usakI vibhinna avasthAoM ke anusAra hI jIva ko caudaha AdhyAtmika bhUmikAyeM utpanna hotI haiM / prathama se bArahaveM guNasthAna taka mohanIya karma Atmavizuddhi meM bAdhaka hai / pahalA, dUsarA aura tIsarA guNasthAna bahirAtmA kI avasthA kA hai| cauthe se bArahaveM antarAtmA kI tathA terahaveM aura caudahaveM guNasthAna paramAtmA kI / isa prakAra mithyAtva, avrata, guNasthAna taka avasthA ke haiM 1. mUlAcAra vRtti 12 / 155. 2. vahI /

Page #513
462 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga-ina pA~ca bandha ke hetu rUpa AsravoM evaM mohanIya karma kI prabalatA tathA nirbalatA para hI jIva kI ye caudaha avasthAe~ nirmita haiM / lezyA : lezyA kA svarUpa : lezyA kI avadhAraNA jainadharma kI apanI maulika aura viziSTa avadhAraNA hai jisameM jIvoM ke manobhAvoM kA ati sUkSma aura vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH jaina tattvajJAna kA yaha eka apanA vizeSa manovaijJAnika pahalu hai, jisakA vivecana vipula jaina sAhitya ke aneka pramukha graMthoM meM kiyA gayA hai / lezyA zabda kA artha hai ANavika-AbhA, kAnti, prabhA yA chAyA / ' kaSAya ke udaya se anuraMjita mana, vacana aura kAya rUpa yoga kI pravRtti ko lezyA kahate haiN| lezyA ke isa lakSaNa meM mAtra kaSAya aura mAtra yoga ko lezyA nahIM kahA apitu kaSAyAnubiddha yogapravRtti ko hI lezyA kahA hai| jo karmoM se AtmA ko lipta karatI hai / athavA jisake dvArA jIva puNya-pApa se apane ko lipta karatA hai, unake AdhIna karatA hai use lezyA kahate haiN| jisa prakAra AmapiSTa se mizrita geru miTTI ke lepa dvArA dIvAla lIpI yA raMgI jAtI hai, usI prakAra zubha aura azubha bhAvarUpa lepa ke dvArA jo AtmA kA pariNAma lipta kiyA jAtA hai use lezyA kahate haiN| isIlie jo AtmA aura pravRtti arthAt karma kA sambandha karane vAlI hotI hai use lezyA kahA gayA hai / vastutaH karma paudgalika hote haiM ataH AtmA ke dvArA pudgaloM kA grahaNa hotA hai aura ve pudgala usake cintana ko prabhAvita karate haiN| isIlie jIva ke zubhAzubha pariNAma ko lezyA kahA jAtA hai| acche karma pudgala acche cintana meM aura azubha pudgala azubha cintana meM sahAyaka banate haiM / 1. lezayati-zleSayatIvAtmani jananayanAnIti lezyA-atIva cakSurAkSepikAsnigdha diiptruupaachaayaa|-uttraadhyyn vRhadvRttipatra 650. 2. (ka) jogapauttIlessA kasAyaudayANuraMjiyA hoI-go0 jIvakANDa 490 / (kha) kaSAyodaya raJjitA yogapravRttirlezyA-sarvArthasiddhi 2 / 3. 3. limpatItilezyA karmabhirAtmAnamityadhyAhArapekSitvAt-dhavalA 1 / 1, 1, 4 pR0. 150. 4. lippai appIkIrai eyAe Niuu puNNa pAvaM ca / jIvo ti hoi lessA lessAguNajANayakkhAyA // paMcasaMgraha, 11142. 5. jaha geruveNa kuDDI lippai leveNa Ama piTheNa / taha pariNAmo lippai suhAsuha ya tti levveNa // paMcasaMgraha 143.

Page #514
jaina siddhAnta : 463H lezyA ke bheda :-lezyA ke do bheda haiM dravya lezyA aura bhAva lezyA / ' varNa nAmakarma ke udaya se utpanna huA zarIra kA varNa arthAt zarIra ke varNa aura ANa-- vika AbhA ko dravyalezyA tathA mohanoya karma ke udaya yA kSayopazama yA upazama yA kSaya se jo jIva ke pradezoM kI caMcalatA hotI hai use bhAvalezyA kahate haiN|' arthAt jIva ke pariNAmoM aura pradezoM kA caMcala honA bhAvalezyA hai / vastuta : pariNAmoM kA caMcala honA kaSAya hai aura pradezoM kA caMcala honA yoga hai / isI se yoga aura kaSAya se bhAvalezyA hotI hai| mithyAtva, avirati, kaSAya aura yoga se jIva ke jo tIbratama Adi bhAva hote haiM vaha bhI bhAvalezyA hai / sAmAnyarUpa meM Atmika vicAroM ko bhAvalezyA tathA unake sahAyaka pudgaloM ko dravyalezyA kahate haiM / dravyalezyA ke 6 bheda haiM-kRSNa, nIla, kApota, tejas (pIta), padma aura zukla / inakA eka-eka bheda apane-apane uttara bhedoM dvArA aneka rUpa hai| sAmAnya se ye hI chaha bheda bhAvalezyA ke haiM kintu lezyAoM ke asaMkhyAta loka pramANa bheda haiM / vargoM (raMgoM) ke anusAra jisa prakAra vividha tAratamya pAyA jAtA hai usI prakAra bhAvoM ke tAratamya se bhAvalezyA ke bhI asaMkhyAta loka pramANa bheda hote haiN| dravya aura bhAva donoM rUpa chahoM lezyAoM meM prathama tIna lezyAyeM saMkliSTa hone se durgati kI ora le jAnevAlI haiM tathA bAda kI tIna lezyAyeM asaM kliSTa hone se durgati kI ora le jAne vAlI haiM / lezyAoM kA sambandha zubha-azubha donoM prakAra kI manovRttiyoM se hai| aprazasta aura prazasta ina dvividha manobhAvoM kI tAratamyatA ke AdhAra para chaha bheda batAye gaye haiN|" 1. lezyA dravyabhAvabhedAd dvedhA-gommaTasAra jI0 jIvatattvapradIpikA TIkA 489.. 2. vaNNodayasaMpAdida sarIravaNNo du davvado lessaa| mohudayakhaovasamovasakhayaja jIvaphaMdaNaM bhAvo / / go. jovakANDa 536. 3. mUlAcAra vRtti 12 / 96, sarvArthasiddhi 2 / 6, pR0 159. 4. sA soDhA kiNhAdI aNeyabheyA sabheyeNa-go0 jI0 494. 5. uttarAdhyayana 34 / 3. aprazasta manobhAva prazasta manobhAva 1. kRSNa-tIvratama aprazasta manobhAva 4. tejasa-prazasta manobhAva (azuddhatama) (zuddha) 2. nAla-tIva aprazasta manobhAva 5 padama-tIna prazasta manobhAva (azuddhatara) (zuddhatara) 3. kApota-aprazasta manobhAva 6. zukla-tIvratama prazasta manobhAva (azuddha) (zuddhatama).

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464 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vastutaH AtmA. kI pariNati do prakAra kI hotI hai-zuddha tathA azaddhakRSNa, nIla aura kapota----ye tIna raMga azuddha mAne gaye haiN| ata ye adharmarUpa lezyAyeM azubha yA azuddha haiM / tejas, padma aura zukla ye tIna raMga zuddha mAne gaye haiM ataH ye zubha yA zuddha rUpa dharma lezyAyeM haiM / / ____ kRSNa Adi chaha zarIra vargoM kI apekSA' tathA kaTu, tikta Adi rasoM kI apekSA dravya lezyA ke chaha bheva haiM 1. bhauMrA yA kAjala ke samAna kRSNa varNa aura nIma yA tUmbe se annataguNA kaTu pudgala ke sambandha se AtmA meM jo pariNAma hotA hai vaha kRSNalezyA hai| 2. nIlama ke samAna nIla varNa aura soMTha se anantaguNA tIkSNa pudgala ke sambandha se hone vAle AtmA ke pariNAma ko nIlalezyA kahate haiM ! 3. kabUtara ke gale ke samAna rakta evaM kRSNavarNa tathA kacce Ama (kairI) ke rasa se anantaguNA tikta pudgaloM ke sambandha se jo AtmA meM pariNAma hotA hai, vaha kApota lezyA hai| 4. hiMgula (sindUra) ke samAna raktavarNa aura pake Ama ke rasa se anantaguNA madhura pudgaloM ke saMyoga se jo AtmA meM pariNAma hotA hai vaha tejas lezyA hai| 5. haldI ke samAna pIta varNa tathA madhu se ananta guNA miSTa pudgaloM ke saMyoga se AtmA kA jo pariNAma hotA hai vaha padma lezyA hai / 6. zaMkha ke samAna zvetavarNa aura mizrI ke anantaguNA mIThe pudgaloM ke sambandha se AtmA kA jo pariNAma hotA hai vaha zuklalezyA hai / zAntamana, jitendriyatA, vItarAgatA Adi zuklalezyA ke pariNAma haiN| gandha kI dRSTi se kRSNa, nIla aura kApota-ye tInoM aprazasta lezyAyeM mRta gAya zvAna aura sarpa ke kalevara kI gaMdha se bhI ananta guNA amanojJa tathA tejas, 'padma aura zukla-ye tIna prazasta lezyAyeM sugandhita puSpoM kI sugandha ke samAna anantaguNA manojJa hotI haiM / 3 sparza kI dRSTi se tIna aprazasta lezyAyeM karavata, gAya kI jIbha tathA zAka ke pattoM ke karkaza sparza se bhI anantaguNA karkaza tathA tIna prazasta lezyAyeM navanIta (makkhana) tathA sirISa ke puSpoM ke mRdu sparza se bhI anantaguNA mRdu sparza hotI haiN| 1. go0 jIvakANDa 495. 2. uttarAdhyayana 34 / 10-15. 3. uttarAdhyayana 34 / 16-17. '4, vahI 34 / 18-19.

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jaina siddhAnta : 465. gommaTasAra ke anusAra SaDvidha bhAvalezyA kI dRSTi se jIva nimnalikhitaprakAra ke svabhAva aura vicAroM ke hote haiM ' 1. kRSNa - jo rAgI, dveSI, anantAnubandha krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha se yukta, nirdaya, kalaha priya, madya-mAMsa ke sevana meM Asakta duSTa svabhAva kA ho tathA jo kisI ke vaza kA na ho - ye saba kRSNa lezyA ke lakSaNa haiM / 2. nIla - jo bahuta nidrAlu, ghamaNDI, mAyAvI, Thaga, kAyara, paMcendriya-viSaya lampaTI, aneka prakAra ke parigraha meM Asakta, aticapala ho tathA kArya niSThA se rahita jIva nIla lezyA yukta hote haiM / 3. kApota -- jo para kI nindA, Atma-prazaMsA se prasanna hotA hai, hAni-. lAbha ko nahIM dekhatA, lar3AI hone para marane-mArane ko taiyAra rahatA hai, dUsaroMko acchA na dekha sakatA ho, avizvAsI, bahuta Dara, zoka evaM IrSyA karane vAlA; jIva kApota lezyA vAlA hotA hai / 4. tejo ( pIta) -- jo apane kartavya akartavya tathA sevya asevya ko janatA hai, sabako samAna rUpa se dekhatA hai, dayA aura dAna meM prIti rakhatA hai, jJAnI tathA mRdu svabhAvI hai, dRr3hatA, mitratA, satyavAditA tathA svakAryapaTutA Adi guNoM se samanvita jIva tejo yA pIta lezyA se yukta hotA hai / 5. padma - jo tyAga aura kSamAguNoM se yukta bhadra pariNAmI, sarala svabhAvI, zubhakArya meM udyamI, kaSTa tathA aniSTa upadravoM ko sahane vAlA, muni aura gurujanoM kI pUjA meM prIti rakhane vAlA pANDitya yukta jIva padma lezyA vAlA hotA hai / 6. zukla -- jo pakSapAta (mAyA) aura nidAna se rahita, sabameM samAna bhAva rakhane vAlA, iSTa-aniSTa meM rAga-dveSa rahita, pApa kAryoM se udAsIna, zreyomArga meM ruci vAlA, paranindA rahita, putra, mitra aura strI meM rAga rahita -- ye saba zukla lezyA se samanvita jIva ke lakSaNa haiM / ye chahoM lezyAyeM yathAsaMbhava sabhI saMsArI jIvoM meM pAyI jAtI haiM / prathama mithyAtva guNasthAna se lekara dasaveM sUkSma- sAmparAya guNasthAna taka kaSAya se anuraMjita yoga pravRtti se hone vAlI lezyAyeM haiM tathA gyArahaveM upazAntaH moha bArahaveM kSINamoha tathA terahaveM sayogakevalI - ina guNasthAnoM meM kaSAyoM kA abhAva ho jAne para bhI yoga vidyamAna hone se inameM zukla lezyA kA sadbhAva hotA hai / ayogakevalI nAmaka caudahavA~ guNasthAna tathA siddha bhagavAn lezyA rahita hai, kyoMki inameM yoga kA bhI abhAva hotA hai / 1. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa gAthA 509-517. 2. AcAryazrI dharmasAgara abhivandana grantha pR0 504.

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466 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana lezyA-vRkSa kA upAharaNa-gommaTasAra' meM vRkSa se phala-prApti ke eka udAharaNa ke mAdhyama se chaha lezyAoM ke dvArA chaha vyaktiyoM ke manobhAvoM kI dazAoM kA sUkSma vizleSaNa kiyA hai| jisakA citra prAyaH jaina mandiroM kI dIvAroM para bhI citrita dekhA jAtA hai, jo isa prakAra hai kRSNa Adi eka-eka lezyA vAle chaha pathika vana meM mArga bhUla gaye / kSudhA, pipAsA se pIr3ita thake-hAre una pathikoM ne usa vana ke madhya phaloM se yukta lahalahAtA huA eka saghana vRkSa dekhaa| ina chahoM kA bAhya varNa bhI kRSNa, nIla Adi rUpa thaa| sAtha hI antaraMga kaSAya yoga pravRtti bhI bhinna-bhinna thii| usa phala yukta vRkSa ko dekhakara-prayama kRSNalezyA vAlA vyakti vicAra karatA hai ki mujhe isa vRkSa ke phaloM se apanI kSudhA zAnta karanA hai, ataH isake phala prApti ke lie isa vRkSa ko jar3a se hI ukhAr3akara isake phala khaauuNgaa| dUsarA nIlalezyA vAlA socatA hai-phalaprApti ke lie samUce vRkSa ko ukhAr3ane kI kyA jarUrata ? isakA mAtra skandha (tanA) kATakara ho phala prApta karake kSudhA zAnta kara lUMgA / tIsarA kApotalezyA vAlA vyakti socatA hai ki isa vRkSa kI bar3I DAla (zAkhA) kATakara phala khAU~gA / cauthA pItalezyA vAlA vyakti choTI-choTI TahaniyoM (zAkhAoM) ko kATakara phala khAne kI icchA rakhatA hai| paMcama pAlezyA vAlA vyakti vRkSa ke mAtra sIdhe phaloM ko hI tor3akara khAne kI icchA rakhatA hai| chaThA zuklalezyA vAlA pathika vicAra karatA hai ki jamIna para TUTakara gire huye phaloM ko hI khAU~gA / isI prakAra mana pUrvaka jo vacana hotA hai vaha krama se una lezyAoM kA kArya hotA hai / isa udAharaNa meM prathama pathika se lekara chaThe taka ke sabhI pathikoM ke mAnasika pariNAmoM kI sthiti uttarottara vizuddha hai| sabhI pathika phala to khAnA cAhate haiM, kintu unakI prakriyA bhinna-bhinna hai| isI prakAra kaSAyoM ke tara-tama bhAva hI lezyA ke aneka bhedoM kA janaka hotA hai| isa udAharaNa dvArA lezyAoM kA spaSTa rUpa-jJAna ho jAtA hai aura yaha mAtra pariNAmoM kI taratamatA dikhalAtA hai| jIvoM meM lezyA kA sadbhAva :-tiryaJcoM aura manuSyoM meM lezyAoM kA isa prakAra sadbhAva hotA hai-ekendriya, vikalendriya tathA asaMjJI paMcendriyoM meM kApota, nIla aura kRSNa-ye tIna azubha lezyAyeM hotI haiM / asaMkhyAta Ayu vAle bhogabhUmi ke jIvoM meM teja, zukla aura padma-ye tIna lezyAyeM hotI haiN| zeSa karmabhUmija 2. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 507-508.

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jaina siddhAnta : 467 paMcendriya saMjJI tiryaJcoM aura manuSyoM meM chahoM lezyAyeM hotI haiN| yahA~ para bhI kinhIM jIvoM ke dravyalezyA apane Ayu-pramANa nizcita hai, kintu sabhI jIvoM kI bhAva lezyA antarmuhurta meM parivartana karane vAlI hotI haiM kyoMki kaSAyoM kI hAnivRddhi se unakI hAni-vRddhi jAnanA caahie| devoM meM bhavanavAsI, vyaMtara aura jyotiSka ko jaghanya tejo lezyA, saudharma aura IzAna meM madhyama tejolezyA, sAnatkumAra, mAhendra inameM utkRSTa tejolezyA aura jaghanya padmalezyA, brahma, brahmottara, lAMtava, kApiSTha, zukra, mahAzukra ina chahoM meM madhyama padmalezyA, zatAra aura sahasrAra ina do meM utkRSTa padma tathA jaghanya zuklalezyA; Anata, prANata, AraNa aura acyuta sahita navagreveyakoM meM arthAt ina terahoM meM madhyama zuklalezyA, nava anudiza aura pA~ca anuttara-ina caudaha vimAnoM meM parama (sarvotkRSTa) zuklalezyA hotI hai| __ naraka pRthviyoM meM lezyAoM kA vidhAna isa prakAra hai-ratnaprabhA, zarkarAprabhA, bAlukAprabhA, paMkaprabhA, dhUmaprabhA, tamaprabhA, aura mahAtamaprabhA-ye sAta naraka kI pRthviyAM haiN| inameM kramazaH ratnaprabhA naraka meM jaghanya kApotalezyA, dvitIya zarkarA meM madhyama kApotalezyA, tRtIya bAlukAprabhA ke UparI bhAga meM utkRSTa kApotalezyA aura nimna bhAga meM jaghanya nIlalezyA, caturtha paMkaprabhA meM madhyama nIlalezyA, paMcama dhUmaprabhA ke UparI bhAga meM utkRSTa nIlalezyA tathA adhobhAga meM jaghanya kRSNalezyA, SaSTha tamaprabhA meM madhyama kRSNalezyA aura saptama mahAtamaprabhA meM utkRSTa kRSNalezyA hotI hai| - isa taraha vibhinna lezyAoM kA vibhinna gatiyoM aura jIvoM meM taratamatA se sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai| kintu maraNa samaya meM nimnalikhita prakAra se lezyAyeM sambhava hotI haiM prathama pRthvI se chaThI taka ke asaMyata samyagdRSTi nArakI manuSyoM meM apanIapanI pRthvI yogya lezyAoM ke sAtha utpanna hote haiM / ataH unameM kRSNa, nIla, kApota lezyAyeM pAI jAtI haiN| isI prakAra devagati se asaMyata samyagdRSTi deva marakara apanI-apanI pIta, padma, aura zukla lezyAoM ke sAtha manuSyoM meM utpanna 1. eiMdiyavili diya asaNNiNo tiNNi hoMti asuhAo / . saMkhAdIdAUNaM tiNNi suhA chappi sesANaM // mUlAcAra savRtti 12 / 96. 2. mUlAcAra vRtti 12 / 94-95. 3. mUlAcAra vRtti 12 / 93. 4. mUlAcAra vRtti 12 / 93.

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468 : mUlAcAra kA samokSAtmaka adhyayana hote haiM / tejas ma aura zukla lezyAoM meM vartamAna mithyAdRSTi aura sAsAdana samyagdRSTi deva, tiryaMca aura manuSyoM meM utpanna hote samaya naSTa lezyA arthAt apanI-apanI pUrva lezyA chor3akara manuSyoM aura tiyaMcoM meM utpanna hone ke prathama samaya kRSNa, nIla aura kApotalezyA se pariNata ho jAte haiM / " hama dekhate haiM ki kaSAyoM ke pratiphala svarUpa karmabandha hotA hai, tadanusAra jIva puNya aura pApa rUpa phala bhogatA hai / jaba taka kaSAya hai taba taka saMsAra vRddhi hotI rahatI hai / zubha lezyAoM se saMsAra nivRtti kA saMyoga baiThatA hai / jaba vrata, saMyama, tapa, dharma Adi mokSAnukUla puruSArthaM jIva dvArA hotA hai, tabhI AtmA ke karma-mala ko haTAyA jAtA hai / lezyA-vizuddhi kA upakrama - bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM lezyAoM kI vizuddhi kA lezyA meM vizuddhi AtI hotI hai / jisakI kaSAya upakrama batalAte huye kahA hai ki parigraha ke tyAga se hai / pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi hone se lezyA kI vizuddhi manda hotI hai usake pariNAmoM meM vizuddhi hotI hai / jo bAhya parigraha kA tyAga karatA hai usakI kaSAya manda hotI haiM, tathA jisakI kaSAya tIvra hotI hai, vahI saba parigraha rUpa pApa ko svIkAra karatA hai / jaise bAhara meM tuSa (chilakA) rahate hue. cAvala kI Abhyantara zuddhi sambhava nahIM haiM vaise hI parigrahI jIva ke lezyA kI vizuddhi sambhava nahIM hai / antaraMga meM kaSAya kI mandatA hone para niyama se bAhya parigraha kA tyAga hotA hai / Abhyantara meM malinatA hone para hI jIva bAhya parigrahoM ko grahaNa karatA hai| jaise iMdhana se Aga bar3hatI hai aura IMdhana ke abhAva meM bujha jAtI hai vaise hI parigraha se kaSAya bar3hatI hai aura parigraha ke abhAva meM hI manda ho jAtI hai / isa prakAra lezyA meM nirantara vizuddhi hotI jAtI hai / ina chaha lezyAoM dvArA bhAvanAoM evaM vicAra-taraMgoM kA jitanA manovaijJAnika evaM zAstrIya sUkSma vizleSaNa kiyA jAyegA utanI hI inakI mahattA siddha hogI kyoMki mAnasika vicAroM kI zreNiyoM ko hI lezyA kahA gayA hai / dravya svarUpa vimarza : dravya kI paribhASA - jaina dharma-darzana meM dravya kI apanI viziSTa paribhASA hai / vyutpatti ke AdhAra para 'yathAsvaM paryAya yante dravanti vA tAni iti dravyANi - arthAt jo yathAyogya apanI-apanI paryAyoM ke dvArA prApta hote haiM yA 1. dhavalA 121, 1 / 511, 656. 2. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA - 1904 - 1906, 1911, 1909, 1907.

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jaina siddhAnta : 469. paryAyoM ko prApta hote haiN| ve dravya kahalAte haiM / AcArya kundakunda ke anusAra jisakA lakSaNa sat hai vaha dravya hai| jo utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya se yukta hai vaha dravya hai tathA jo guNa aura paryAya kA Azraya hai vaha dravya hai| tattvArtha sUtra meM bhI dravya kI yahI paribhASAyeM kI gaI haiN| vastutaH sabhI padArtha 'sat' (astitva) rUpa haiM / utpAda, vyaya, aura dhrauvyaina tInoM se yukta 'sat' kahalAtA hai / apanI jAti kA tyAga kiye binA jisa vastu meM utpAda (navIna paryAya kI utpatti), vyaya (pUrva paryAya kA tyAga yA nAza) tathA dhrauvya arthAt pUrva evaM AgAmI ina donoM paryAyoM meM anAdi kAla se cale Aye hue vastu ke apane asalI svabhAba kA nAza na honA (surakSita rahanA)-isa taraha ye utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya tInoM se yukta sat (dravya) hotA hai| inhIM ko guNa aura paryAya zabda dvArA vyakta karake 'muNaparyayavad dravyam' kahA gayA / arthAt guNa aura paryAya vAlA dravya hotA hai / ataH ukta tInoM meM dhrauvya kA hI dUsarA nAma guNa hai tathA utpAda aura vyaya-ye dravya kI paryAyeM haiM / ataH donoM paribhASAoM meM koI antara nahIM hai / guNa dravya meM sadA vidyamAna rahatA hai aura paryAyeM utpanna tathA vinaSTa hotI rahatI haiM / paryAyeM bhI guNa se alaga nahIM rhtiiN| arthAta koI bhI guNa paryAya ke binA nahIM rahatA aura koI paryAya binA guNa ke nahIM hotii| dravya meM guNa anvayI aura sahabhAvI hote haiM kintu paryAyeM kramabhAvI hotI haiM ve eka dUsare se nahIM milatI ataH paryAyoM kA svabhAva vyatirekI hotA hai| paryAyeM pratisamaya badalatI rahatI haiM aura ye guNa evaM paryAya milakara hI dravya kahe jAte haiN|" _____ yahA~ guNa aura paryAya kA artha samajha lenA bhI Avazyaka hai / jisake dvArA eka dravya dUsare dravya se alaga kiyA jAtA hai vaha guNa kahalAtA hai arthAt avicchinna rUpa se dravya meM rahane vAle dravya ke sahabhAvI (kabhI alaga na hone vAlA) dharma (svabhAva) ko 'guNa' kahate haiM aura dravya ke vikAra ko arthAt dravya kI 1. sarvArthasiddhi 5 / 2 / 529 pR0 202. 2. davvaM sallakkhaNiyaM uppAdanvayadhuvattasaMjuttaM / guNapajjayAsayaM vA jaM taM bhaNNaMti savvaNhu // paMcAstikAya 10. 3. sadvyalakSaNam / utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat / guNaparyayavadrvyam / -tattvArtha sUtra 5 / 29,30,38. 4. sarvArthasiddhi 5 / 29-30 / 582-584. 5. sarvArthasiddhi adhyAya 5 sUtra 29,30 parA0 582-584 pRSTha 237.

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. 470 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM ko 'paryAya' kahate haiN| jaise svarNa aura cAMdI-ina donoM kI alaga-alaga pahacAna jina guNoM se hotI hai ve usa dravya ke guNa haiM / pIlApana (pItatva), bhArIpanA aura komalapanA Adi svarNa ke tathA zvetatva, halakApanA aura kaThorapanA Adi cA~dI ke guNa haiM / ye dravya se kabhI pRthak nahIM ho sakate / isI sone yA cA~dI ke kuNDala, bhujabaMdha, kaMgana yA aMgUThI Adi rUpa jo AbhUSaNa banavAte rahate haiM. yahI usa dravya kI paryAyeM haiM / ataH parivartana mAtra AkRtiyoM (paryAyoM) meM huA karatA hai tathA svarNatva yA rUpakatva rUpa meM sonA yA cA~do donoM avasthAoM meM surakSita rahatA hai / isa taraha guNa sahabhAvI hone se usake svarUpa ko rakSA karatA huA dravya meM dhrauvya (nitya) rahatA hai kintu paryAyeM kramabhAvI hone se pUrva paryAya kA vinAza aura dUsarI paryAya kI utpatti hotI hai ataH paryAya ko kramabhAvo kahA gayA hai / isI viSaya ko AcArya samantabhadra ne isa prakAra pratipAdita kiyA hai * ghaTamaulisuvarNArtho nAzotpAdasthitiSvayam / zokapramodamAdhyasthyaM jano yAti sahetukam // 2 arthAt ghaTa kA icchuka usakA nAza hone para duHkhI hotA hai, mukuTa kA icchuka usakA utpAda hone para harSita hotA hai kintu svarNa kA icchuka na duHkhI hotA hai, na harSita hotA hai apitu vaha madhyastha rahatA hai / ata: eka hI samaya meM yaha zoka, pramoda aura mAdhyastha bhAva binA kAraNa ke nahIM ho sakatA, isase pratyeka dravya utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyarUpa siddha hotA hai / ___isa taraha svarNa Adi dravya kA bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM meM pariNamana hone para bhI unakA dravyatva banA hI rahatA hai| jainadarzana meM pratyeka dravya ko nityaanitya donoM rUpa mAnA gayA hai arthAt alaga-alaga avasthAoM (paryAyoM) ko prApta karate rahane para bhI apanA svarUpa na chor3ane ke kAraNa dravya nitya bhI hai aura vahI dravya alaga-alaga paryAyoM ko prApta karatA rahatA hai ataH anitya bhI hai| dravya ke bheda-mUlataH dravya ke do bheda hai-jIva aura ajIva / 3 1. guNa idi davvavihANaM dabvavikAro hi pajjavo bhaNido / tehiM aNUNaM davvaM ajudapasiddha have NicvaM / sarvArtha siddhi 5381600. 2. AptamImAMsA : kArikA 60. 3. jIvamajIvaM davvaM jiNavasvasahejaneNa piddiDheM-dravyasaMgraha 1.

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- jaina siddhAnta : 471 1. jIva dravya-jIva dravya caitanyavAn hai, jAnanA evaM dekhanA usakA svabhAva hai| tasvArthasUtra meM upayoga ko jIva kA lakSaNa kahA hai|' yaha upayoga (jJAna, darzana rUpa svabhAva) jIva kA AtmabhUta lakSaNa hai jo anya kisI dravya meM nahIM pAyA jaataa| upayoga kA kAraNa cetanA zakti hai / yadyapi jIva (AtmA) dravya ananta guNa paryAyoM kA piNDa hai kintu ina sabameM upayoga mukhya hai / jIva ke caitanyAnuvidhAyI pariNAma ko upayoga kahate haiM arthAt vastu kA svarUpa jAnane ke lie jIva kA jo bhAva pravRtta hotA hai, vaha upayoga kahalAtA hai / yahI jIva kA lakSaNa hai| jIva dravya kA vizeSa vivecana nava padArtha zIrSaka ke antargata kiyA gayA hai| ajIva dravya-jIva se viparIta lakSaNa vAlA ajIva dravya hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jisameM cetanA guNa kA abhAva hai, jise sukha-duHkha kA jJAna , nahIM hai, hita kI icchA aura ahita se bhaya nahIM hai, vaha jar3a svabhAva vAlA ajIva dravya hai / ajIva dravya ke bheda ____ ajIva dravya ke do prakAra hai-rUpI aura aruupii| ajIva dravya ke pA~ca bheda bhI mAne jAte haiM-1. pudgala, 2. dharma, 3. adharma, 4. AkAza aura 5. kAla / ina pA~ca dravyoM meM jIva dravya sammilita kara lene para chaha dravya kahalAte haiN| inameM kAla dravya apradezI hone ke kAraNa ise chor3akara zeSa pA~ca dravya (kAyavAn hone se) 'astikAya' kahe jAte haiN| tathA ina chaha dravyoM meM pudgala dravya rUpI hai zeSa pA~ca dravya arUpI haiM / rUpI-jisameM rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza-ye guNa pAye jAyeM vaha rUpI dravya hai| rUpI dravya ke cAra bheda hai--skanva, skandha deza, skandhapradeza aura aNa / 5 1. jisake khaNDa na hoM jo sarvathA avibhAjya ho vaha skandha kahalAtA hai / pudgala ke jitane bheda (paramANu taka) hote haiM ve saba skandha hai arthAt apane avayavoM ke. sAtha (aneka bhedayukta) sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka pudgala dravya ko skandha kahate haiN| 2. skandha ke kalpita bhAga arthAt skandha ke Adhe vibhAga ko skandha deza kahate haiN| 1. upayogo lakSaNam-tattvArtha sUtra 2 / 8. 2. evaM vidhabhAvarahiyamajIvadandhetti viNNeyaM-mUlAcAra 5132. 3. paMcAstikAya 21124-125. 4. mUlAcAra 5 / 33. 5. ajjIvA vi ya duvihA rUpAravA ya rUviNo cadudhA / - baMdhA yA khaMdhadeso khaMdapademo aNU ya sahA // mUlAcAra 5133.

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472 : mUlAcAra kama samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 3. skandhadeza ke dvayamulaka paryanta " Adhe-Adhe .. karane para jitane bheda niSpanna hoMge ve saba skandhapradeza haiN| arthAt skandha kA sarvasUkSma aMza / 4. dvayaguNaka meM bhI bheda karane se aNu kI utpatti hotI hai / aNu avibhaagii| arthAta isameM bheda nahIM kiye jA sakate / ' ye saba pudgala hone se rUpI haiM. ataH skandha, skandha-deza, skandha-pradeza Ara agu. bheda vAlA pudgala drakya rUpI hotA hai| yahI jIva ke sAtha karma-nokarma rUpa hokara baddha hote haiN| .. marUpI--jisameM rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza-ina guNoM kA abhAva ho vaha arUpI dravya hai| dharma, adharma aura AkAza-ye dravya arUpI haiM / sparzAdika guNa na hone se kAla dravya bhI arUpI hai|3 chaha dravya : __jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla--ye chaha dravya hai| yaha loka chaha dravya ke samudAya svarUpa hai / ina chaha dravyoM meM jIva dravya kA vivecana kiyA jA cukA hai / zeSa pA~ca dravyoM kA vivecana prastuta hai 2. pudgala-(Matter or energy)-'pudgala' jainadharma kA pAribhASika zabda hai / jo dravya pratisamaya milatA-galatA, banatA-bigar3atA evaM TUTatA-jur3atA rahe vaha pudgala hai| arthAt jo varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza yukta ho, jisameM milane evaM alaga hone Adi kA svabhAva hai use pudgala kahA jAtA hai / chaha dravyoM meM yahI mAtra mUtaM yA rUpI hai| yaha ananta parimANa hai / vastutaH pudgala hI eka mAtra aisA dravya hai jo khaMDita bhI hotA hai aura punaH paraspara sambaddha bhI hotA hai| yaha chuA cakhA, sUghA aura dekhA bhI jA sakatA hai| pudagala dravya ko paryAyeM-zabda, baMdha, sUkSmatva, sthUlatva, saMsthAna, bheda, andhakAra, chAyA, Atapa aura udyota-ye pudgala dravya kI avasthAyeM haiN| 1. paramANU ceva avibhAgI-mUlAcAra 5134. 2. kunda0 mUlAcAra 5 / 41, pR0 125. 3. te puNadhammAdhammAgAsA ya arUviNo ya taha kAlo 1.. khaMdha desa padesA aNutti vi ya poggalA rUvI / vahI, 5 / 35. 4. (ka) pUraNagalanAnvarthasaMjJatvAt pudgalA:-tattvArthavArtika 511424.. (kha) puMgilanAt pUraNagalanAdvA pudgala iti-vahI 5 / 19 / 40. 5. mUlAcAravRtti 5 / 35.. . 6. zabdabandhasokSamyasthaulyasaMsthAnabhedatamazchAyAtapodyotavantazca-ta0 sU0 5 / 24.

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* jaina siddhAnta : 473 / 1. zabda-eka pudgala skandha ke sAtha dUsare skandha ke TakarAne, sambandha hone yA kampana hone para jo dhvani utpanna hotI hai vaha zabda hai| jainadarzana meM zabda ko paudgalika mAnA gayA gayA hai| jainadarzana kI yaha mAnyatA isa vaijJAnika yuga meM vijJAna kI kasauTI para pUrNataH kharI utaratI hai| TeparikArDara, reDiyo, dUradarzana, vAyaralesa, vIDiyo, dUrabhASa Adi anekoM isake pramANa haiN| zabda zrotrendriya (karNendriya) kA viSaya hai| zabda guNa nahIM apitu pudgala dravya kI hI eka paryAya hai jabaki naiyAyika aura vaizeSika dArzanika ise. AkAza kA guNa mAnate haiN| pudgala dravya ke sparza, rasa Adi jo lakSaNa hote haiM ve saba zabda meM pAye jAte haiM / zabda pudgala dvArA rukatA hai, pudgaloM ko rokatA hai, zabda grahaNa evaM dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai / vastutaH pudgala ke aNu aura skandha bhedoM kI aneka jAtiyoM meM se eka bhASA vargaNA isa loka meM sarvatra vyApta hai, usI kI taraMgoM ke kampana se zabda eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para reDiyo Adi yA sAkSAt rUpa meM sunAI par3atA hai / vaijJAnika aba to aisA yantra banAne kI soca rahe haiM jo saikar3oM-hajAroM varSa pahale loka meM vyApta zabdoM, dhvaniyoM, bhASA vargaNAoM ko grahaNa kara ske| zabda ke do bheda haiM-bhASAtmaka aura abhASAtmaka / bhASAtmaka zabda ke akSarAtmaka aura anakSarAtmaka-ye do bheda haiN| bola-cAla meM AnevAlI aneka prakAra kI jo bhASAyeM haiM jinameM graMtha bhI likhe jAte haiM ve saba akSarAtmaka zabda haiM tathA dvIndriya Adi jIvoM dvArA jo dhvani nikalatI haiM ve anakSarAtmaka zabda haiM / abhASAtmaka ke bhI do bheda haiM / 1. vaisrasika (megha Adi garjanA rUpa) zabda aura 2. prAyogika / prAyogika zabda ke cAra bheda hai-1. tata zabda arthAt camar3e se mar3he hue Dhola, mRdaMga Adi kA zabda, 2. vitata zabda-arthAt vINA, sAraMgI Adi vAdyoM kA zabda, 3. dhana zabda-arthAt jhAlara, ghaNTA Adi kA zabda evaM 4. sauSira zabda arthAt zaMkha, bA~surI Adi kA zabda / ' 2. bandha-bandha kA artha hai jur3anA, baMdhanA, saMyukta honA yA ekatva prinnaam| yaha bhI paudgalika hai| isake do bheda haiM--vaisasika aura prAyogika / jisameM puruSa kA prayoga apekSita nahIM hai, jaise snigdha aura rUkSa guNa ke nimitta se honevAlA indra dhanuSa, ulkA, bijalI, megha, agni Adi sambandhI vainasika bandha hai tathA jo bandha puruSa ke nimitta se hotA hai vaha prAyogika bandha hai| jaise lAkha aura lakar3I kA ajIva viSayaka bandha aura karma tathA nokarma kA jo jIva se bandha hotA hai vaha jIvAjIva sambandhI prAyogika bandha hai / 2 . 1. sarvArthasiddhi 5 / 24 / 572. 2. vahI, 5 / 24 / 572 pR0 225.

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474 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 3. sUkSmatva - pudgaloM kA bheda hone para sUkSmatA utpanna hotI hai / yaha bhI pudgala meM hI prApta hotI hai / isake do bheda haiM- antya aura ApekSika | antya sUkSmatA paramANuoM meM hI pAyI jAtI haiM jabaki do choTI bar3I vastuoM arthAt. bela, A~valA, bera Adi rUpa meM tulanA kI dRSTi ApekSita sUkSmatA hai / " 4. sthUlatva - yaha bhI pudgala se utpanna hone ke kAraNa usakI paryAya hai| jisa vastu ke pudgala adhika phaile rahate haiM vaha vastu sthUla paryAya yukta hotI hai / isake bhI antya aura ApekSika- ye do bheda haiM / antya sthUlatA vizvavyApI mahAskandha meM pAyI jAtI hai tathA ApekSika sthUlatA bera, A~valA, bela Adi meM hotI hai / 5. saMsthAna - isakA artha hai AkRti (AkAra) / itthaM lakSaNa tathA ani lakSaNa ke bheda se saMsthAna ke do bheda haiN| jisa AkAra kA 'yaha isa taraha kA hai' - aisA batalAyA jA sake vaha itthaM lakSaNa hai / jaise yaha vastu gola, caukora yA trikoNa Adi rUpa hai / tathA jisakA nizcita AkAra batalAyA na jA sake vaha anitthaM lakSaNa saMsthAna / jaise megha Adi kA AkAra / 6. bheda - pudgala piNDa kA bhaMga ( khaNDa ) honA bheda hai / isake chaha bheda haiM1. utkara ( burAdA Adi rUpa), 2. cUrNa (gehU~ Adi kA ATA, sattU Adi rUpa ) 3. khaNDa (miTTI ke ghar3e ke Tukar3e-Tukar3e honA ), 4. cUrNikA ( ur3ada, mUMga, canA Adi ke dAla rUpa Tukar3e), 5. pratara (abhraka, miTTI, bhojapatra Adi kI taheM nikAlanA) tathA 6. aNucaTana arthAt garma lohe para ghana mArane yA lohe Adi kI vastu ko zAna para car3hAne se jo agnikaNa (sphuliMga ) nikalate haiM ve aNucaTana haiM / 7. tama (andhakAra) - yaha padArtha pratirodhaka pudgala kI paryAya hai jo dekhane meM bAdhaka hotI hai / naiyAyika aura vaizeSika tama ko sarvadA abhAva rUpa mAnate haiN| kintu A~khoM se usakA jJAna hotA hai ataH andhakAra bhI paudgalika hone se mUrtika hI hai / kyoMki tama bhI padArthoM ko Dhakane vAlA bhAvAtmaka dravya hai / 8. chAyA-prakAza para AvaraNa par3ane para chAyA utpanna hotI hai / 9. Atapa - sUrya Adi kA uSNa prakAza Atapa hai / 10. udyota - candramA, maNi, juganU Adi ke zItala prakAza ko udyota kahate haiM / 3. dharmadravya - - dharmadravya gatizIla jIva aura pudgala dravyoM kI gati, halanacalana Adi kriyAoM meM sahAyaka hotA hai / jaise machalI kI gati meM pAnI sahAyaka hai / dharmadravya loka ke hara kone meM ( sarvatra) vidyamAna hai /

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jaina siddhAnta : 475 . 4. adharmadravya-jaise dharmadravya gati meM sahAyaka hai usake viparIta adharmadravya sthiti pariNAma vAle jIva aura pudgaloM ko sthira rakhane (Thaharane) meM sahAyaka hai| adharma dravya bhI dharmadravya kI taraha asaMkhyAt pradezI, sakala lokavyApI, trikAla sthAyI, arUpI aura acetana hai / ____ vastutaH jIva, pudgalAdi dravya apanI hI preraNA se gamana (gati), sthiti Adi kriyAyeM karate haiM aura aisA karate hue dharma, adharma dravya kI sahAyatA lete haiN| 5. AkAzadravya-jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma aura kAla-ina dravyoM ko rahane yA Azraya ke lie sthAna (avakAza yA avagAha) denA AkAza dravya kA svabhAva hai / vastutaH AkAza jIvAdi sabhI dravyoM ke rahane kA sthAna hai| loka, aloka donoM meM vyApta AkAza, anantapradezI avibhAjya piNDa, trikAla sthAyI arUpI dravya hai| 6. kAladravya-yaha dharma, adharma, AkAza, jIva aura pudgala dravyoM ke vartanAparyAya pariNati meM nimitta kAraNa hai| dUsare zabdoM meM isameM parivartana arthAt paryAya avasthA kI utpatti meM sahAyaka hone kA guNa hai| kAladravya prati samaya honevAlI paryAya kA kAraNa hai isalie use aNurUpa mAnA gayA hai / lokAkAza ke pratyeka pradeza meM eka-eka kAlANu sthita hai, isI kAraNa asaMkhyAta pradezoM ke dhAraka lokAkAza meM asaMkhyAta hI kAla dravya haiM aura pratyeka kAladravya eka-eka pradeza kA dhAraka hai; isa kAraNa avibhAgI pudgala paramANu ke samAna ise bhI apradezI mAnA jAtA hai / isa taraha kAla ke kAyatva na hone se chaha drayoM meM kAla ko chor3a zeSa pA~ca dravya astikAya haiM / 4 kAladravya paramANu kI taraha eka pradezI hai ataH vaha astikAya (kAyAvAn) nahIM hai| kyoMki anAgata kAla kI utpatti nahIM huI tathA utpanna kAla kA vinAza ho jAtA hai aura pradezoM kA pracaya hotA nahIM ataH kAla astikAya nahIM hai| dravya ke guNa jaina darzana ke anusAra astittva, vastuttva, dravyattva prameyattva, agurulaghuttva aura pradezattva-ye sAdhAraNa guNa chaha dravyoM meM samAna rUpa se rahate haiN| 1. paMcAstikAya-1186, 88-89 / 2. gatiThANoggAhaNakAraNANi kamaso du vattaNaguNo ya-mUlAcAra 5 / 36. 3. mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 35. 4, kAlassa du Nasthi kAya....paMcAstikAya 1102. 5. kAlassego Na teNa so kAo-dravyasaMgraha 25.

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476 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana -- - astitva kA artha hai jisa zakti ke nimitta se dravya kA kabhI vinAza nahIM hotA / 2 - jisa zakti ke nimitta se dravya meM arthakriyA (kucha na kucha kArya karatA rahanA) ho vaha vastuttva guNa hai / 3- jisa zakti ke nimitta se dravya eka paryAya ko chor3akara dUsarI paryAya rUpa parivartita ho use dravyatva kahate haiM / 5agurulaghutva -- jisa zakti ke rahate dravya kI eka zakti dUsarI zakti rUpa nahIM hotI yA eka-dUsare dravya rUpa nahIM hotA athavA eka dravya ke guNa bikharakara alagaalaga na hone dene vAlA agurulaghutva guNa hai / 6 - jisa zakti ke nimitta se dravya kA koI na koI AkAra ho vaha pradezatva guNa hai / " inake atirikta dravyoM meM jJAna, darzana, sukha, vIrya, sparza, rasa, gaMdha, varNaM, 'gatihetuttva, sthitihetutva, avagAhanahetuttva, vartanA-hetuttva, cetanattva, acetanattva, mUrtattva aura amUrtatva-ye solaha vizeSa guNa bhI hote haiM kintu ve saba dravyoM meM samAna rUpa meM nahIM rahate ataH ye viziSTa guNa kahalAte haiM / chaha dravyoM meM ye isa prakAra hote haiM ? 1. jIva dravya meM jJAna, darzana, sukha, vIrya, cetanatva aura amUrtattva - ye chaha guNa hote haiM / 2. pudgala dravya meM sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa, acetanatva aura mUrtattva ye chaha guNa hote haiM / 3. dharma dravya meM gatihetuttva, acetanattva aura amUrtattva - ye tIna guNa haiM / 4. adharmaM dravya meM sthitihetutva, acetanattva aura amUrtasva -- ye tIna guNa haiM | 5. AkAza dravya meM avagAhanattva, acetanattva aura amUrtattva - ye tIna guNa haiM / 6. kAla dravya meM vartanA-hetuttva, acetanatva aura amUrtattva ye tIna guNa haiN| nava padArtha : jaina-dharma-darzana viSayaka sAhitya meM nava padArtha aura sAta tattvoM kA vistRta evaM sUkSma vivecana prAyaH sarvatra kiyA gayA hai / samyagdarzana -jJAna aura cAritra svarUpa ratnatraya ke vivecana meM samyagdarzana kI mahattA svayameva siddha hai aura isakI paribhASA 'tatvArtha zraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam' kI gaI hai arthAt jIva, ajIva, 3 1- 2. saMyama prakAza : uttarArddha prathamakiraNa pRSTha 44-45. 3. tattvArtha sUtra 1 / 2.

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jaina siddhAnta : 477 Asrava, baMgha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ina sAta tatvarUpa arthoM kA zraddhAna karanA samyagdarzana hai / ' ina sAta tattvoM meM puNya aura pApa milA dene se navapadArtha yA tattva ho jAte haiM / AcArya pUjyapAda ke anusAra- 'tattva' zabda bhAva sAmAnya kA vAcaka hai / ataH jo padArtha jisa rUpa se avasthita hai usakA usa rUpa honA 'tattva' zabda kA artha hai / AcArya vaTTara aura AcArya kundakunda ne satyArtha rUpa se jAne gaye jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, bandha aura mokSa - ina nava padArthoM ko samyaktva kahA hai / yahA~ bhUtArtha kA artha hai bhUta - satya, artha-svarUpa / jo padArtha jisa rUpa se vyavasthita haiM ve apane-apane svarUpa se hI jAne gaye haiM, ataH ye nava padArthaM samyaktva haiM / / vastutaH jIva aura ajIva - ye do tattva mukhya haiM saMyoga-viyoga se bane haiM / mokSakA adhikArI jIva hai anya tattva ina donoM ke ataH sarvaprathama jIva tattva azuddha avasthA ke hone meM / ina donoM tattvoM kI paryAya haiM aura dravya rUpa isake bAda jIva kI tattva kA pratipAdana hai bhAvarUpa meM jIva kI pariNata huA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / pudgala nimitta hai ataH ajIva mukhyatA kI dRSTi se bAkI tattva meM pudgala kI / zubha prakRti svarUpa pudgala piNDa puNya kahalAtA hai jo ki jIvoM meM AhlAda rUpa sukha kA nimitta hai aura azubhakarma svarUpa pariNata huA pudgala piNDa pApa rUpa hai jo ki jIva ke duHkha kA hetu hai / " jIva aura ajIva kA saMyoga AsravapUrvaka hotA hai isalie Asrava aura bandha tattva kahe gaye / vastutaH puNya-pApa aura bandha - ye paudgalika bhAva AtmA kI zubha-azubha pariNati bhI hai aura AkarSaNa bhI hai / jIva ko apanI azuddha dazA aura chuTakArA pAnA hai to vaha saMvara aura nirjarA pUrvaka hI maiM jisake dvArA jIva mukta ho jAye vaha mokSa hai / jIva sAdhaka hai / 1. tattvArtha sUtra 1 / 4. 2. sarvArthasiddhi 1 / 2 / 13 pR0 6-7 . 3. bhUyatyeNAbhigadA jIvAjIvA ya puNNapAvaM ca / Asava saMvara NijjarabaMdho mokkho ya sammattaM // 4. mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 6. 5. mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 6. ( ajIva ) kI paryAya haiM / zubha-azubha karma pudgaloM kA pudgala kI nimittatA se prApta ho sakatA hai / anta mokSa hI mukhya sAdhya hai aura --mUlAcAra 5 / 6; samayasAra 13, paMcAstikAya 108.

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478 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - isa prakAra nau padArtha mokSa ke kAraNabhUta hai| inhIM kA zraddhAna samyagdarzana hai aura inhIM padArthoM kA yathArtha adhigama yA anubhava samyagjJAna hai tathA bheda vijJAnI jIva kA rAga-dveSa rahita zAnta svabhAva samyaka cAritra hai| tasvArdhasUtra meM jo tattva batalAye haiM unameM aura mUlAcAra ke tattva-krama meM antara hai / tattvArthasUtrakAra kI dRSTi meM puNya aura pApa kA antarbhAva Asrava evaM bandha tattvoM meM ho jAtA hai| ataH unhoMne nau tattva na kahakara sAta tattva hI kahe haiM jabaki vaTTakera tathA kundakunda ne inake nau bheda batalAye haiM / inakA kramazaH vivecana prastuta hai1. jIva svarUpa vimarza cetanA jIva (Soul) kA lakSaNa hai| jJAna-darzana yukta hokara inake dvArA sukha-duHkhoM kA anubhava karane vAle jIva kahalAtA hai|' pravacanasAra ke anusAra indriya, bala, Ayu aura zvAsocchvAsa-ina cAra prANoM se athavA pA~ca indriya-- prANa, manobala, vacanabala aura kAyabala (tIna balaprANa) tathA Ayu aura zvAsocchvAsa--ina dasa prANoM se jo jItA hai, jiyegA tathA pahale jIvita thA vaha jIva hai / dravya saMgraha meM kahA hai, jo jItA hai, upayogamaya hai, amUrtika hai, kartA-- bhoktA, svadeza parimANa vAlA aura saMsArastha hai, siddha hone kI zakti rakhatA hai tathA svabhAva se urdhvagati ko jAne vAlA hai vaha jIva hai| ___ isa taraha jainadRSTi se jIva jJAna-caitanya svarUpa tathA sadA prakAzayukta hai inhIM vizeSatAoM ke AdhAra para vaha samasta jar3a dravyoM se pRthak mAnA jAtA hai / jJAna jIva kA eka viziSTa guNa athavA zakti hai, jisake kAraNa jIva meM jAnane kI pravRtti hotI hai| jIva, ajIva, Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa-ina sAta tattvoM evaM jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ina chaha dravyoM meM jIva sarva pradhAna hai| kyoMki vahI svaparAvabhAsI hai| jJAna aura darzana rUpa cetanA jIva kA lakSaNa hai| vizeSa rUpa se padArtha ko jAnanA jJAna cetanA hai aura nirvikalpa-sAmAnya rUpa se padArtha ko jAnanA darzana cetanA hai / inhIM doprakAra kI cetanA se sambandha rakhane vAle jIva ke pariNAma ko upayoga kahate haiN| 1. jIvazcetanalakSaNA jJAnadarzanasukhaduHkhAnubhavanazIlA :-mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 6. 2. pANehiM caduhiM jIvadi jIvassadi jo hi jIvido puvvaM / so jIvo-pravacana sAra 147. 3. jIvo uvayogamao amuttikattA sadehaparimANo / bhottA saMsArattho siddho so vissasoDDhagaI // dravya saMgraha 2.

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jaina siddhAnta : 479. jJAnopayoga evaM darzanopayoga ke bheda se upayoga ke do bheda haiN| upayukta lakSaNoM ke anusAra jIva jJAna-darzana svabhAva vAlA hone se vaha 'AtmA' hI hai kintu saMsArAvasthA meM prANa dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa 'jIva' saMjJA yukta hai| isI avasthA meM zarIra meM rahate hue bhI zarIra se pRthak laukika viSayoM ko kartA va bhogatA huA bhI vaha kevala jJAtA hai| ____ jIva (AtmA) amUrtika hai / sva-zarIra meM sthita jIva kA bodha svasaMvedana jJAna se hotA hai / 'maiM sukhI hU~, maiM duHkhI hU~, maiMne yaha kArya kiyA aura yaha karanA hai'-ityAdi rUpa jo 'maiM' kA anubhava hotA hai vahI jIva hai tathA parakIya zarIra meM usakI ceSTAoM ke dvArA jIva kA astitva anubhava meM AtA hai / yadyapi jIva tattva AtmA kA bodhaka hai phira bhI jIva aura AtmA meM kucha dRSTiyoM se antara mAnA jAtA hai| jIva se jIvana kA bodha hotA hai aura maraNa jIvana sApekSa hai kintu jisameM jIvana aura maraNa donoM nahIM haiM vaha AtmA hai| isIlie vyavahAra dRSTi se cAra prANoM se jIvana kI apekSA aura nizcaya dRSTi se caitanya prANoM kI apekSA jo jItA hai vaha AtmA hai|' jIva ke bheda-jIva ke do bheda haiM : saMsArI aura mukta / 2 karmabandhana se baddha yaha jIva anAdi kAla se karma aura nokarma ke saMsarga meM par3akara duHkhI hI rahA hai| inhIM karmoM ke saMsarga se AtmA meM rAgAdi bhAvakarma utpanna hote haiM jo ki navIna karmoM ke kAraNa haiM / karma bandhana se baddha eka gati se dUsarI gati meM janma aura maraNa karane vAle arthAt caturgati meM bhramaNa karane vAle jIva saMsArI kahalAte haiM tathA karmakSaya ke dvArA zuddhAtma svarUpa ko prApta jIva mukta kahalAte haiM / vastutaH muktAvasthA meM jIva apane zuddha svarUpa meM sthita hotA hai| mukta jIvoM meM ekarUpatA aura pUrNa zuddhatA hone se inameM kisI prakAra kA stara athavA bheda nahIM hotA kintu saMsArI jIvoM meM aneka prakAra ke bheda pAye jAte haiM / saMsArI jIva ke pRthvI, apa, teja, vAyu, vanaspati tathA trasa-ye chaha bheda haiM / 1. AcArya kundakunda aura unakA samayasAra pR0 263. 2. duvihA ya hoMti jIvA saMsAratthA ya NivvudA ceva-mUlAcAra 5 / 7, ta0 sU0, 2 / 10. 3. mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 7. 4. chaddhA saMsAratthA siddhagadA NivvudA jIvA-mUlAcAra 5 / 7. puDhavI AU teU vAU ya vaNapphadI tahA ya tasA-vahI, 5 / 8.

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- 480 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 1. pRthvI : pRthvI ke cAra bheda haiM : pRthvI, pRthvIkAya, pRthvIkAyika tathA pRthvIjIva / " 1. inameM acetana aura kaThina guNa dhAraNa karane vAlI sAmAnya pRthvI ko pRthvI kahate haiM jaise--mArga kI dhUli, jalI huI miTTI Adi / 2. pRthvIkAyika jIva jise chor3akara janma lene ke lie anyatra calA gayA hai usa pRthvIkAyika ke zarIra ko pRthvIkAya kahate haiM jaise -mRta manuSya kA zarIra / 3. jisane pRthvI ko apanA zarIra banA liyA hai arthAt jo jIva pRthvI ko zarIra rUpa se dhAraNa - karatA hai use pRthvIkAyika kahate haiM tathA 4. jo karmANakAyayoga meM hai, jisameM -- pRthvInAmakarma kA udaya hai kintu jisane pRthvI ko zarIra rUpa meM grahaNa nahIM kiyA hai usa vigrahagati sthita jIva ko pRthvIjIva kahate haiM / 2 'pRthvI ke chattIsa bheda : pRthvI ke chattIsa bheda isa prakAra haiM / 1. zuddha pRthvI (miTTI), 2. bAlukA (reta), 3. zarkarA ( kaMkar3a), 4. upala - choTe gola patthara, 5. zilna, 6. lavaNa, 7. ayas ( lohA), 8. tAmbA, 9 vapuSa- rAMgA jastA yA kathIla, 10. sIsA ( mIsaka), 11. rUpya - cA~dI, 12. sonA, 13. vajra yA hIrA, 14. haritAlanaTavarNaka, 15. hiMgulaka - lAla varNa kA iMgula, 16. manaHzilA - mainasila yA zilAjIta, 17. sasyaka - harA raMga vAlA, 18. aMjana - suramA 19 pravAla5- mU~gA, 20. abhrapaTala - abharakha (abhraka), 21. abhrabAlukA- camakatI reta ( - - ye saba bAdarakAya hote haiM / ) tathA maNiyoM ke vividha prakAra jaise 22. gomedhyaka- gomedamaNi -- gorocanavAlI karketanamaNi, 23. rucakamaNi - alasI - puSpavarNaM rAjavartakamaNi, 24. aMkamaNi - pulaka - pravAlavarNamaNi, 25. sphaTikamaNi, 26. lohitAMka -padmarAgamaNi, 27. candraprabha - candrakAntamaNi, 28 vaiDUrya - nIlamaNi, 29 jalakAMta maNi, 30. sUryakAntamaNi, 31. gairika- gerUvarNa rudhirAkSamaNi, 32. candanaratnacandanagandha maNi, 33. vappaka - vilAva netra ke samAna marakatamaNi, 34. vaka - vaka varNAkAra puSparAga - pukharAja, 35. moca - kadalIpatra varNAkAra nIlamaNi tathA 36. masAragalla- - vidruma varNAkAra masRNa pASANamaNi / * 1. puDhavI puDhavIkAo puDhavIkAiya puDhavIjIvo ya - kunda0 mUlAcAra 519. 2. kunda0 mUlA0 TIkA 5 / 8-9 / 3. chattIsavihA puDhavI tisse bhedA ime jeyA - mUlA0 5/8. 4. mUlAcAra 619-12.

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jaina siddhAnta : 481 2. jala (ap kAyika jIva) ... avazyAya (osa), hima-barpha yA olA, mahikA-kuharA, haratanu (haratan) vanaspati ke Upara kI sthUla (moTI) jala bUdeM, aNu-sUkSmavindu rUpa choTI bUdeM, zuddhajala-candrakAntamaNi se utpanna jala, udaka-jharane se utpanna sAmAnya jala udaka hai aura ghanodaka-megha kA jala athavA dhanodadhivAta jala-ye saba jalakAyika jIva hai| inhIM ke antargata saritA, sAgara, tAlAba, kuAM Adi se utpanna jala bhI Ate haiM / 2 zvetAmbara paramparA ke prajJApanAsUtra meM upayukta jalakAyika bhedoM ke sAtha hI anya nAma jaise-karaka (olA), zItodaka, uSNodaka, kSArau daka, khaTTA udaka, amlodaka, lavaNodaka, vAruNodaka (madirA ke svAda vAlA pAnI), kSIrodaka, dhRtodaka, kSododaka (Ikha ke rasa jaisA pAnI) aura rasodaka kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / . .... 3. tejas (agnikAyika jIva) ___ aMgAra, jvAlA, acis (dIpaka Adi kI idhara-udhara ur3atI lau (jvAlA) kA agra bhAga), mumuMra-kArISAgni arthAt kaNDe kI rAkha meM mile hue bhAga ke karNa, zuddhAgni-vana, vidyut, sUryakAntamaNi Adi se utpanna agni tathA sAmAnya agniye saba tejaskAyika jIva haiN| prajJApanA sUtra meM inake sAtha hI alAta (jalatA huA kASTha), ulkA, vidyut, ani (AkAza se girate hue agnikaNa), nirghAta (bijalI kA giranA) ragar3a se utpanna agni ke ullekha haiN|" 4. vAyu - vAyu ke aneka bheda haiM, inameM kucha acitta aura kucha sacitta hai| prANAyAma, dhyAna Adi meM bhI vAyumaNDala tathA vAyavI dhAraNAoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| vAta-sAmAnya vAyu, uddhUma-dhUmatI huI Upara kI ora jAne vAlI vAyu, utkalikAvAta-nIce kI ora bahane vAlI vAyu, maNDalikAvAta-pRthvI se lagatI huI cakkara lagAne vAlI (maNDalAkAra) vAyu, guMjAvAta-gUMjatI huI bahane vAlI 1. osAya himaga mahigA haradaNu suddhodage ghaNudage ya / te jANa AujIvA jANittA pariharedavvA // mUlAcAra 5 / 13. 2. mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 13.. .. 3. prajJApanA sUtra 16... 4. iMgAla jAla accI mummura saddhAgaNI ya agaNI y|. . .. .. te jANa teujIvA jANittA pariharedavvA // mUlAcAra 5 / 14. 5. prajJApanA sUtra 17.

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:482 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vAyu / vRkSAdi ko girA dene vAlI vAyu mahAvAta hai| dhanodadhi vAta, ghanavAta * tathA tanuvAta / paMkhe Adi se utpanna vAyu athavA loka ko veSThita karane vAlI vAyu tanuvAta hai / ye saba vAyukAyika jIva haiM / ' udara meM sthita vAyu ke pA~ca bheda haiMhRdaya meM sthita vAyu prANavAyu hai, gudA bhAga meM apAnavAyu' hai, nAbhimaNDala meM samAnavAyu hai, kaNTha pradeza meM udAnavAyu hai aura sampUrNa zarIra meM rahane vAlI vAyu vyAnavAyu hai| isI prakAra jyotiSka Adi svargoM ke vimAna ke lie AdhArabhUta vAyu, bhavanavAsiyoM ke sthAna ke lie AdhArabhUta vAyu Adi vAyu ke bheda pUrvokta bhedoM meM antata ho jAte haiM / .5.banaspati jisa jIva ke vanaspati nAmakarma kA udaya rahatA hai vahI jIva vanaspati zarIra meM janma letA hai| isake kevala sparzana indriya hI hotI hai tathA saMsthAna . nAmakarma ke udaya se saMsthAna hotA hai| bheda-sthAvara jIvoM meM vanaspati ekendriyakAya jIva ke do bheda hai-pratyekakAya aura anantakAya yA sAdhAraNa kAya vanaspati / inameM pratyekakAya bAdara yA sthUla hI hotA hai para sAdhAraNakAya bAdara aura sUkSma donoM rUpa hotA hai / pratyeka-kAya vanaspati : sAmAnyataH eka jIva kA eka zarIra arthAt jinakA pRthak-pRthak zarIra hotA hai yA eka-eka zarIra ke prati eka-eka AtmA ' ko pratyekakAya kahate haiN| jaise khaira Adi vanaspati / jitane pratyeka zarIra hai * vahA~ utane pratyeka vanaspati jIva hote haiM kyoMki eka-eka zarIra ke prati ekaeka jIva hone kA niyama hai / arthAt eka zarIra meM eka jIva hone vAlI vanaspati ko pratyeka vanaspati kahate haiN| anantakAya (sAdhAraNa) vanaspati : jisameM eka zarIra meM ananta jIva haiM . 1. vAdubbhAmo ukkali maMDali gujA mahAvaNa taNU ya / te jANa vAujIvA jANittA pariharedavvA / / mUlAcAra 5 / 15. 2. mUlAcAravRtti 5 / 15. 3. mUlAcAra vRtti 12148. 4. pratyekaM pRthak zarIraM yeSAM te pratyeka zarIrAH khadirAdayo vanaspatayaH _ --dhavalA 11, 1,41, pR0 268 / / 5. ekamekamAtmAnaM prati pratyekam, pratyekaM zarIraM pratyekazarIram / __--tattvArthavArtika 8 / 11 / 19. 6. gommaTasAra jIyakANDa jIvaprakaraNa, 181, pR0 423.

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jena siddhAnta : : arthAt ananta jIvoM ke sammilita zarIra ko anantakAya yA sAdhAraNazarIra kahate hai|' kyoMki usa zarIra meM ananta jIkoM kA janma, maraNa, zvAsocchvAsa Adi sAdhAraNa (samAna) rUpa se hotA hai arthAt eka sAdhAraNa zarIra meM ananta jIvoM kA avasthAna hotA hai / jisa zarIra meM eka jIva utpanna hotA hai, vahA~ ananta jIvoM kI utpatti hotI hai tathA jisa zarIra meM eka jIva maratA hai vahA~ ananta jIvoM kA maraNa hotA hai| dhavalA ke anusAra bahuta jIvoM kA jo eka zarIra hai vaha sAdhAraNa zarIra kahalAtA hai / unameM jo jIva nivAsa karate haiM ve sAdhAraNa zarIra jIva kahalAte haiM / ina sAdhAraNa jIvoM kA AhAra sAdhAraNa (samAna) ho hotA hai aura samAna hI zvAsocchvAsa grahaNa karate haiN| arthAta eka sAtha utpanna anantAnaMta jina jIvoM kI AhArAdi paryApti tathA unake kArya samAna kAla meM hote hoM unheM sAdhAraNa jIvoM kA lakSaNa sAdhAraNa kahA hai| sAdhAraNa ko hI nigoda aura anantakAya bhI kahate haiN| mUlAcArakAra ke anusAra gUr3hasirA arthAt jinakI zirA (nase), saMdhi (bandhana) tathA gA~Tha nahIM dikhatI, jise tor3ane para samAna Tukar3e ho jAte haiM, donoM bhAgoM meM paraspara tantu na lagA rahe tathA jinakA chedana karane para bhI punaH vRddhi (aMkurita) ko prApta ho jAya, use sAdhAraNa zarIra tathA ina saba lakSaNoM ke viparIta ko pratyeka zarIra kahate hai|" lATI saMhitA ke anusAra bhI jisake tor3ane meM donoM bhAga cikane aura eka se ho jAyeM, vaha sAdhAraNa vanaspati hai / jaba taka usake Tukar3e isI prakAra hote rahate haiM taba taka use sAdhAraNa vanaspati samajhanA cAhie / jisake Tukar3e cikane aura eka se na hoM unheM pratyeka vanaspati kahA jAtA hai| pratyeka vanaspati ke do bhedaH-- gommaTasAra meM pratyeka vanaspati ke do bheda batalAye hai-1. sapratiSThita, 2. apratiSThita / jina vanaspatiyoM kA bIja, . 1. anantaH sAdhAraNaH kAyo yeSAM te anantakAyaH-mUlA* vRtti 5 / 16. 2. jatyeu marai jIvo tattha du maraNaMbhave aNaMtANaM mAkamaijastha ekko vakkamaNaM tatthaNatANaM // kunda0 mUlA0 5 / 23, SaTkhaNDAgama pustaka 14, sUtra 125. 3. bahUNaM jIvANaM jamegaM sarIraM taM sAhAraNasarIraM NAma / tattha je taMti jIva te sAhAraNa sarIrA-dhavalA. 14 / 5 / 6; 119, pR0 225. 4. kunda0 mUlAcAra 5 / 14 5. mUlAcAra 5 / 19-20. 6. lATIsaMhitA 2 / 109.

Page #535
484 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana mUla, agra, parva, kanda athavA skandha hai athavA jo bIja se hI utpanna hotI tathA sammUrcchana haiM ve sabhI vanaspatiyA~ saptatiSThita tathA apratiSThita do prakAra kI hotI haiM / jinakA sirA, saMdhi, parva apragaTa ho aura jinako bhaMga karane para samAna bhaMga ho aura donoM bhaMgoM meM paraspara tantu na lagA rahe tathA chedana karane para bhI jisakI punaH vRddhi ho jAye, usako sapratiSThita pratyeka vanaspati kahate haiM / isase viparIta apratiSThita pratyeka vanaspati hotI hai / " jina vanaspatiyoM ke mUla, kanda, tvacA, pravAla (navIna koMpala), kSudra zAkhA (TaeNhanI), patra, phUla, tathA bIjoM ko tor3ane se samAna bhaMga ho, unako sapratiSThita pratyeka kahate haiM aura jinakA bhaMga samAna ho usako apratiSThita pratyeka kahate haiN| jisa vanaspati ke kanda, mUla, kSudrazAkhA yA skandha kI chAla moTI ho usako anantajIva (sapratiSThita pratyeka ) kahate haiM / 'jisa yonIbhUta jIva meM vahI jIva yA koI anya jIva Akara utpanna ho vaha aura mUlAdika prathama avasthA meM apratiSThita pratyeka hotA hai / " lATI saMhitA ke anusAra mUlI, adarakha, AlU, arabI, ratAlU, jamIkanda Adi mUla, gaNDarIka (eka prakAra kA kaDuA jamIkanda) ke skandha, patte, dUdha aura parva ye cAroM avayava, Aka kA dUdha, karIra, sarasoM Adi ke phUla, Ikha kI gA~Tha aura usake Age kA bhAga, pA~ca udambara phala (bar3a, pIpala, Umara, kaThUmara aura pAkara phala) tathA kumArI piNDa (gaMvArapAThA ) kI sabhI zAkhAyeM Adi sAdhAraNa vanaspati haiM / vRkSoM para lagI kopaleM bhI sAdhAraNa haiM, pakane para pratyeka ho jAtI haiM / zAkoM meM canA, maithI, bathuA Adi koI sAdhAraNa haiM to koI pratyeka / kisI-kisI vRkSa kI jar3a, kisI-kisI ke skandha, zAkhAyeM, patte, phUla, parva tathA phala Adi sAdhAraNa hote haiM / agrabIja, pora (parva) bIja, kandabIja, (jar3a ke abhAva meM bhI jinakA janma anantakAya (sAdhAraNa zarIra ) donoM hI prakAra kI hotI haiM / sUraNa Adi kanda, adaraka Adi mUla, chAlI (tvak) skandha, mUlAcArakAra ke anusAra mUlabIja, skandhabIja, bIjaruha Adi tathA sammUrchima sambhava hai) ye vanaspatiyA~ pratyeka aura 1. 1. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa gAthA 192, 185, 186. 2. vahI, gAthA 187-188, 189. 3. lATI saMhitA - 2 / 91-99. 4. mUlAcAra 5 / 16. ?

Page #536
jaina siddhAnta : 485 pattA, pallava, puSpa,phala, gucchA, gulma (karaMja, kaMtharAdi), bela, tRNa tathA parvakAya (Ikha, beta Adi) ye sammUchima vanaspatiyAM bhI pratyeka aura anantakAya haiN|' bela, vRkSa, tRNa Adi vanaspatiyA~ tathA sabhI pratyeka aura sAdhAraNa vanaspatiyA~ haritakAya hotI haiM / zvetAmbara paramparA ke prajJApanAsUtra meM pratyekakAya bAdara vanaspatikAyika jIva ke antargata bAraha bheda batalAye haiM-vRkSa, guccha, gulma, latA, ballI, parnaga (parva vAle), tRNa, valaya (kelA Adi jinakI chAla golAkAra ho), harita, auSadhi, jalaruha (jala meM paidA honevAlI vanaspati), kuhaNA (bhuumisphott)| isI grantha meM ina bArahoM ke aneka-aneka bhedoM kA ullekha hai jinakA adhyayana vanaspatizAstra-vijJAna kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| isa vivecana ke AdhAra para vanaspati ke dasa prakAra phalita hue-mUla, kanda, skandha, tvacA, zAkhA, pravAla, patra, puSpa, phala aura biij| . mUlabIja Adi vanaspatiyoM ke upayukta bhedoM ke AdhAra para vanaspati kAyika jIvoM ke utpanna hone ke nimnalikhita ATha pradhAna sthAna mAne jA sakate haiN| (1) mUlabIja-jisake mUla meM bIja lagatA ho yA mUla hI jinakA bIja (utpAdaka bhAga) ho, jaise kanda Adi / (2) agrabIja-jisa vanaspati ke sire para bIja lagatA ho arthAt Age kA hissA hI jinakA bIja ho, jaise koraMTaka / / (3) parvabIja-gA~Tha hI jinakA bIja ho, jaise Ikha Adi / (4) skanda bIja-jisake skandha yA jor3a hI bIja ho, jaise thUhara Adi / (5) bIjaruha-jisa ke mUla bIja meM hI bIja rahatA hai jaise gehU~ Adi caubIsa prakAra ke anna / (6) sammachima-jo vanaspati apane Apa paidA hotI hai / (7) tRNa-tRNa Adi ghAsa ruup|| (8) bela vanaspati-campA, camelI, kakar3I, kharabUjA Adi kI latAyeM / vastutaH vanaspati jAti ke do prakAra haiM-bIjodbhava tathA sammUchina / bIjodbhava vanaspati ke antargata mUlaja, agraja, parvaja Adi haiM / dUsarI sammUcchima 1. mUlAcAra 5 / 17. 2. vahI, 5 / 20. 3. prajJApanA sUtra pada 22... 4. mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 16, dazavai0 4 / 8..

Page #537
486 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ke antargata kandakAya, mUlakAya, tvakkAya Adi haiN| sammacchima vanaspati kI utpatti meM pRthvI, havA aura jala-ye upAdAna kAraNa hote haiN| prAyaH dekhA bhI jAtA hai ki zRMga (sIMga) se zara (eka prakAra kA sapheda sarakaMDA yA ghAsa) tathA gobara se zAlUka utpanna ho jAte haiN| ye bIja ke binA hI utpanna hote haiM, isI prakAra kucha aisI vanaspatiyA~ bhI haiM jinameM puSpa ke binA hI phala utpanna ho jAte haiM, unheM phala vanaspati kahate haiN| kucha meM puSpa to utpanna hote haiM para phala utpanna nahIM hote unheM puSpa vanaspati kahate haiM tathA kucha meM patra hI utpanna hote haiM puSpa phalAdika nahIM, unheM patra vanaspati kahate haiN|' __ dazavakAlika meM vanaspati zabda ko vRkSa, guccha, gulma Adi sabhI prakAra kI hariyAlI kA vAcaka mAnA gayA hai / 2 kundakundakRta mAne jAne vAle mUlAcAra meM vanaspati, vRkSa, auSadhi, virudha, gulma aura vallI-inake vibhAjana pUrvaka isa prakAra artha batAye haiM-jisameM phalI lagatI hai use vanaspati kahate haiN| jisameM puSpa aura phala utpanna hote haiM use vRkSa kahate haiN| phaloM ke paka jAne para jo naSTa ho jAte haiM aisI vanaspati ko auSaSi kahate haiN| gulma aura vallI ko vIrudha kahate haiM / jisakI zAkhAyeM choTI tathA jar3a (mUla) jaTAkAra haiM, usa jhAr3I ko gulma kahate haiN| tathA vRkSa para valayAkAra rUpa se car3hakara bar3hane vAlI vela yA latA ko vallI kahate haiM / Ayurvedika sAhitya ke antargata suzruta saMhitA meM sthAvara auSadhi meM inhIM cAra bhedoM kI gaNanA kI hai-(1) jinake puSpa na hoM kintu phala hote haiM unheM vanaspati / (2) jinake puSpa aura phala donoM Ate haiM unheM vRkSa / (3) jo phailane vAlI yA gulma ke svarUpa kI ho unheM viruSa tathA (4) jo phaloM ke pakane taka hI jIvita yA vidyamAna rahatI hoM unheM auSadhi kahate haiM / bAdarakAyika aura sUkSmakAyika vanaspati : zaivAla (kAI), paNaka jamIna para iMToM tathA vAmI Adi meM utpanna), keNNaga yA keNuga (varSAkAla meM kUr3A Adi meM utpanna chatrAkAra vanaspati jise kukuramuttA Adi bhI kahate haiM), kavaka-sIMga meM utpanna hone vAlI chatrarUpa jaTAkara vanaspati aura kuhaNa (bAse AhAra kAMjika Adi meM utpanna puSpikA yA phaphUda) ye saba vAvara (sthUla) 1. mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 17. 2. dazakAlika 4 sUtra 8. 3. phalI vaNapphadI NeyA rukkhaphullaphalaM gdo| osahI phalapakkatA gummA vallI ca vIrudA // kunda0 mUlA0 5 / 25. 4. suzruta saMhitA-sUtra-sthAna 1137.

Page #538
jaina siddhAntaH 487 kAyika vanaspati haiM tathA jala, pRthvI, havA, agni Adi bhI bAvarakAyika haiM / - sUkSmakAya jIva sarvatra jala, AkAza aura sthala meM rahate haiM / ' pRthvI Adi se lekara vanaspati paryanta bAdara (sthUla) kAya aura sUkSmakAya ye -donoM hote haiM / bAdarakAya jIva ATha pRthviyoM tathA vimAnAdi ke sahAre rahate haiM / sAtha hI sUkSmakAya jo aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga pramANa zarIra vAle hote haiM ve jala, AkAza aura pRthvI sarvatra binA Azraya ke rahate haiM / arthAt ve sUkSmajIva sampUrNa jagat meM nirantara rahate haiM / jagat kA eka bhI pradeza inase rahita nahIM hai kintu bAdara jIva loka ke eka bhAga meM rahate haiM / vanaspati kAya sambandhI jaina mAnyatAyeM aura Adhunika vijJAna : jainadharma ne apane jina zAzvata siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana prArambha se kiyA, hajAroM-hajAra varSa vyatIta ho jAne para bhI Aja ve cira-navIna haiM tathA Adhunika vijJAna kI kasauTI para pUrNataH satya siddha hote hai / 'vanaspati' sambandhI -mAnyatA ko hI leM / vanaspati meM 'jIva' sambandhI jaina mAnyatA ko kucha jainetara * svIkAra nahIM karate the, kintu vijJAna se use pUrNatA satya siddha karane kA zreya lagabhaga pA~ca dazaka pUrva bhAratIya vaijJAnika prophesara jagadIza candra basu ko prApta huA / isa viSaya meM aneka varSoM ke gahana anusandhAna ke bAda unhoMne prayogoM dvArA paudhoM meM jIvana ke lakSaNa siddha kiye aura yaha niSkarSa nikAlA ki paudhe bhI saMvedanazIla hote haiM tathA bAharI uttejanA ( bAdhA ) kI pratikriyA vyakta karate haiM / prophesara -vasu ne vanaspati para jIvana ko sAkSAt dekhane, mApane ke lie 'kreskogrApha' nAmaka eka atyanta saMvedanazIla yaMtra banAyA / isakI sahAyatA se paudhoM kI anukriyAoM (respAMseja) ke grApha taiyAra kiye jAte haiM aura yaha jAnA jAtA hai ki paudhoM ko - AghAta ( kaSTa Adi) pahu~cAne para ve kyA anubhava karate haiM ? unhoMne paudhoM para aneka taraha ke prayoga kiye aura jJAta kiyA ki jisa taraha manuSya, pazu Adi thakAna anubhava karate haiM, aura ina para thakAna ke jo lakSaNa dikhate haiM usI taraha ke lakSaNa paudhoM meM bhI pAye jA rahe haiM / eka prayoga ke daurAna unhoMne yaha bhI siddha kiyA ki paudhoM ko klorophArma ke dvArA behoza kiyA jA sakatA hai| usake prabhAva samApta hone ke bAda ve bhI 1. sevAla paNaga keNNaga kavago kuhaNoya bAdarA kAyA / savvevi suhumakAyA savvattha jalatthalAgAse || mUlAcAra 5 / 18. 2. mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 18. 3. vahI 12 / 161.

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488 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana hamArI hI taraha saceta ho uThate haiM / unhoMne paudhoM para madirA (zarAba) kA prayoga bhI kiyA aura unheM yaha dekhakara Azcarya huA ki ve bhI madirA ke prabhAva se. anya prANiyoM kI taraha madahoza (nazAyukta) ho uThate haiN| unhoMne yantra ke mAdhyama se yaha bhI dekhA ki pAtagopI aura gAjara ko cAkU Adi se kATane para ve kA~pa uThate haiM / loga yaha jAnakara Azcaryacakita raha gaye ki vanaspati Adi jina padArthoM ko loga prAyaH nirjIva (niSprANa) evaM saMjJAhIna mAnate the, una para bhI madirA, viSa, coTa, AghAta kI vahI pratikriyA hotI hai jo manuSya yA pazu Adi ko mAMsapeziyoM para hotI hai / paudhoM meM bhI hamArI taraha jIvatva guNa hotA hai, jisakI madada se ve apane Apako aura apane pariveza ko jAnate-samajhate haiN| vastutaH ina prayogoM ke mAdhyama se vanaspati meM cetanA (jIvatva) sambandhI isa vaijJAnika khoja kA prathama zreya pro0 basu ko prApta hai / isI taraha zabda ko podgalikatA Adi aneka jaina siddhAnta jaise-jaise vijJAna dvArA satya siddha hote jA rahe haiM, logoM kA vizvAsa aura lagAva jainadharma ke prati gaharA hotA jA rahA hai| isIlie jainadharma ke gahana adhyayana-anusaMdhAna kI Aja ke sandarbha meM adhika AvazyakatA bhI hai| usa jIva: _ saMsArI jIva ke do bheda haiM-sthAvara aura trasa / pRthvIkAyika Adi pA~ca ekendiya sthAvara jIvoM kA vivecana kiyA jA cukA hai| yahA~ trasa jIvoM kA vivecana prastuta hai trasa jIva kA svarUpa-sAmAnyataH svataH gamana-svabhAva vAle jIvoM ko trasa kahate haiM / jinake trasanAmakarma kA udaya hai ve trasa kahalAte haiN| trasa jova sthAvara ko apekSA isalie zreSTha hote haiM kyoMki inameM saba upayogoM kA pAyA jAnA sambhava hai|' dhavalA meM kahA hai-jisa karma ke udaya se jIvoM meM gamanAgamana svabhAva (calane-phirane kA pariNAma) hotA hai yaha trasa nAmakarma hai / isa dRSTi se asa nAmakarma ke udaya se jIva ko prApta hone vAlI jIva-paryAya ko sa kahate haiM / isa prakAra jo jova sukha-dukha prakaTa karate haiM, jinameM sukha kI pravRtti vA duHkha kI nivRtti ke lie calane-phirane kI zakti hotI hai ve jIva trasa 1. sarvArthasiddhi 2 / 12 / 171. 2. jassa kammussudaeNa jIvANaM saMcaraNAsaMcaraNabhAvo hodi taM kammaM tasaNArma -dhavalA 1315, 5, 101 / 365 / 3.

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jaina siddhAnta : 489 kahalAte hai / sammukha AnA, mur3akara jAnA, zarIra saMkoca karanA, phailAnA, zabda karanA, bhaya se idhara-udhara ghUmanA, bhAga jAnA, Ane-jAne kA jJAna honA-ye saba trasa jIvoM ke lakSaNa haiN|' dvIndriya jIva se lekara paMcendriya paryanta sabhI jIva trasa kahalAte haiM kyoMki ina samasta jIvoM meM halana-calana Adi kriyAyeM pAyI jAtI haiN| trasa jIvoM ke utpatti-sthAna-trasa jIvoM ke mukhyatayA ATha utpatti-sthAna hai-(1) aNDaja-aNDoM se paidA hone vAle pakSI Adi trasajIva / (2) potajajanma ke samaya khule aMgoM sahita utpanna hone vAle hAthI Adi trasajIva / (3) jarAyuja-ve trasajIva jo apane janma ke samaya jarA se lipaTe rahate haiM-jaise manuSya, bhaiMsa, gAya Adi / (4) rasaja-rasa ke bigar3ane se utpanna hone vAle dvIndriya Adi jIva (5) svaivaja-pasIne se utpanna hone vAle jIva, jaise jUM, cIlara Adi / (6) sammUchima-ve trasa jIva jo nara-mAdA ke saMyoga ke binA hI utpanna ho jAe~, jaise makkhI, cIMTI Adi (7) udbhija-pRthvI ko phor3akara nikalane vAlI jIva, jaise TiDDo, pataMge Adi (8) aupapAtika-garbha meM rahe binA hI jo sthAna vizeSa meM utpanna ho jAte hoM jaise deva evaM nAraka jIva / trasa jIvoM ke bheda : trasa jIva ke do bheda hai-vikalendriya aura sakale. ndriya / do, tIna aura cAra indriyoM vAle jIva vikalendriya kahalAte haiM / jaisedIndriya jIvoM meM zaMkha, sIpa, kRmi Adi, tIna indriyoM vAle jIvoM meM gopAlikA arthAt biccha, khaTamala Adi tathA cAra indriya vAle jIvoM meM bhramara, makkhI , pataMga Adi jIva haiM / jalacara, thalacara, khecara (nabhacara) evaM deva, nArakI, manuSya-ye jIva pAMcoM indriyoM vAle hone se sAlendriya kahalAte haiM / nayacakra ke anusAra trasa jIva ke cAra bheda hai-do, tIna, cAra tathA pA~ca indriya vAle jIva / kRmi, zaMkha Adi do indriya jIvoM meM sparzana aura rasana ye do indriyA~ tathA vacana, kAya, zvAsocchavAsa aura Ayu-ye pAMca prANa hote haiM / tIna indriya jIvoM ko upayukta do indriyoM ke atirikta tIsarI ghrANa indriya aura adhika hotI hai| bhramara, pataMgA Adi cAra indriya jIvoM meM cauthI cakSu indriya aura hotI hai| pAnI meM rahane vAle jIvoM meM kucha jAti ke 1. jIva-ajIva pRSTha 9. 2. vahI pRSTha 1.13. 3. duvidhA tasA ya uttA vigalA sagalendiyA muNeyavvA / biticauridiya vigalA sesA sagalidiyA jIvA // mUlAcAra 5 / 21. 4. cadu tasA taha ya--nayacakra 123.

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490 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sarpa, AkAzacara jIvoM meM kucha jAti ke tote tathA sthalacaroM meM giragiTa, gomA Adi jova manarahita pA~coM indriyoM se yukta hote haiM / aise jIva manarahita hone se nau prANa vAle asaino (asaMjJI) jIva kahalAte haiN| deva, nArakI, manuSya, tiryaJca pazu Adi manasahita dasa prANa vAle jIva sainI (saMjJI) kahalAte haiN| ye trasa jIva trasanAlI (trasa jIvoM kA nivAsakSetra) ke bhItara hI hote haiM bAhara nahIM / ' jisa prakAra ThIka madhya bhAga meM sAra huA karatA hai. usI prakAra loka ke bahu madhyabhAga arthAt bIca meM eka rAju lambI-caur3I aura kucha kama teraha saju UMcI yaha trasanAlI hai| nigoda : jina jIvoM ke eka hI zarIra ke Azraya anantAnaMta jIva rahate hoM, use nigoda kahate haiN| gommaTasAra ke anusAra jo ananta jIvoM ko eka nivAsa de use nigoda kahate haiN|2 lokaprakAza ke anusAra ananta jIvoM ke piNDabhUta eka zarIra ko bhI nigoda kahate haiM / sAdhAraNa nAmakarma ke udaya se jIva nigoda zarIrI hotA hai / nigoda jIvoM kA AhAra aura zvAsochvAsa eka sAtha hI hotA hai tathA eka nigoda jIva ke marane para ananta nigoda jIvoM kA maraNa aura eka nigoda jIva ke utpanna hone para ananta nigoda jIvoM kI utpatti hotI hai| loka-prakAza ke anusAra nigoda ke bAdara aura sUkSma ye do bheda haiM / kanda, mUla, adaraka, gAjara Adi bAdara nigoda haiN| sAdhAraNa vanaspati-kAya sthAvara ko sUkSma nigoda kahate haiM / ye sUkSma nigoda yA jIva vyAvahArika aura avyAvahArika bhedoM se do prakAra ke haiN| inheM hI digambara paramparA meM itara nigoda aura. nitya nigoda nAma se kahA gayA hai| ___ vyAvahArika nigoda ve haiM jina jIvoM ne anAdi nigoda se eka bAra bhI nikalakara usa paryAya ko prApta kiyA hai tathA avyAvahArika nigoda ve haiM jo jIva kabhI bhI sUkSma nigoda se bAhara nikalakara nahIM Aye / bAdara nigoda jIva siddhoM kI saMkhyA se anantaguNA haiN| sUI ke agrabhAga meM bAdara nigoda ke ananta jIva rahate haiN| sUkSmanigoda ke jIva unase bhI anantaguNA haiN| lokAkAza ke. jitane pradeza haiM utane sUkSmanigoda ke gole haiM / eka-eka gole meM asaMkhyAta nigoda haiM / eka-eka nigoda meM ananta jIva haiM / nigoda vAle jIva se kama AyuSya aura 1. dhvlaa-4|1, 4, 4, 149 / 9. 2. ni-niyatAM gAM-bhUmi kSetra ninAsaM, anantAnanta jIvAnAM dadAti iti nigoda -gommaTasAra jInakANDa prakaraNa 191, pR0 429 / 3. lokaprakAza 4 / 31.

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jaina siddhAnta : 491 kisI jIva kA nahIM hotaa| ye eka zvAsa meM aThAraha bAra janma lete aura maraNa karate haiN| mUlAcAra meM kahA hai sUkSmajIva sarvaloka meM rahate haiN| eka nigoda zarIra meM arthAt gaDUcI Adi ganaspati ke sAdhAraNa zarIra meM anantajIva dravyapramANa se bhare hai arthAt Aja taka jitane siddha hue hai unase ananta guNita sUkSmajIva eka nigoda zarIra meM rahate haiM kyoMki ve nigodI jIva sUkSma hone se kisI ke dvArA na roke jAte haiM aura na ve kisI ko rokate haiN| isIlie asaMkhyAta pradezI AkAza meM bhI anaMta jIva rahate haiN| nigoda meM vanaspatikAyika ekendriya jIva ananta hai, pRthvI, am, agni aura vAyukAyika inameM sUkSma jIva asaMkhyAta loka pramANa haiN| dhavalA ke anusAra nigodoM meM sthita jIva do prakAra ke hai-nitya nigoda aura caturgati nigoda / jo kabhI trasa paryAya ko prApta karane vAle nahIM hote, sadAkAla nigodoM meM hI rahate haiM ve nitya nigoda kahalAte haiN| inheM hI zvetAmbara paramparA meM avyAvahArika nigoda kahA hai| isa jagat meM aise anaMta jIva haiM jinheM dvIndriyAdi trasa svarUpa kI kabhI prApti nahIM huii| mithyAtvAdi bhAvoM se kaluSita jIva kabhI nigodavAsa nahIM chor3ate / sUkSma vanaspati rUpa se vyavasthita aise anaMta jIva haiM / " caturgati nigoda, jIva ve haiM jo deva, nArakI, tiryaJca aura manuSyoM meM utpanna hokara punaH nigodoM meM praveza karate rahate haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM ise vyAvahArika nigoda kahate haiN| nigoda ke nitya aura anitya ye do bheda batAye haiN| avyavahAra rAzi se vyavahAra rAzi meM AyA huA jIva phira sUkSma nigoda meM jA sakatA hai kintu vaha vyavahAra rAzi hI kahA jaaegaa| 1. mUlAcAra 12 / 163, vRtti sahita / 2. vahI 12 / 164 / 3. tattha Nigodesu je TiThdA jIvA te duvihA cauggaiNigodA NiccaNigodA cedi-dhavalA 14 / 5, 6, 128, pR0 236 4. triSvapi kAleSu trasabhAvayogyA ye na bhavanti te nityanigodAH-tattvArtha vArtika 2 / 32. tattha NiccaNigodA NAma je savvakAlaM Nigodesu ceva acchaMti te NiccaNigodA NAma-dhavalA 14 / 5 / 6 / 128, pR0 236. 5. asthi aNaMtA jIvA jehiM Na pattI tasANa pariNAmo / 2 bhAvakalaMkasupaurA NigodavAsaM amuMcaMtA // mUlAcAra 111162. 6. dhavalA 1415 / 6 / 128, pR0 236. 7. lokaprakAza, 4167.

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jIva dravya vibhAga - jIva mukta . . saMsArI 492 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sthAvara dvIndriya trIndriya caturindriya paMcendriya pRthvI jala teja vAyu vanaspati pratyekakAya anantakAya (sAdhAraNa) naraka tiryaJca manuSya deva jalacara sthalacara nabhacara Arya anArya (mleccha) 1. ratnaprabhAgata, 2. zarkarA prabhAgA, 3. bAlukA prabhAgata, 4. paMkaprapAmA, 5. dhUma prabhAgana, 6. tapaH prabhAgata, 7. mahAtamaH prabhAgata

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jaina siddhAnta : 493 jIvoM ke kula-samasta jIvoM ke nimnalikhita kula haiM / ' (1) ekendriya jIvoM meM kuloM kI saMkhyA : pRthvIkAyika jIvoM kI 22 lAkha koTi (karor3a), apkAyika jIvoM kI sAta lAkha koTi, tejaskAyika jIvoM kI 3 lAkha koTi, vAyukAyika jIvoM meM 7 lAkha koTi tathA vanaspatikAyika jIvoM kI 28 lAkha koTi kuloM kI saMkhyA hotI hai / , (2) vikalatraya jovoM meM kuloM kI saMkhyA : dvIndriya jIvoM kI 7 lAkha koTi. tIna indriya jIvoM ko 8 lAkha koTi tathA caturindriya jIvoM kI 9 lAkha koTi kuloM kI saMkhyA hotI hai / ..(3) paMcendriya jovoM meM kuloM ko saMkhyA : paMcendriya jalacara jIvoM kI sAr3he teraha lAkha koTi, khecara pakSiyoM kI 12. lAkha koTi, sthalacara siMha, vyAghrAdi caupAye jIvoM kI 10 lAkha koTi, chAtI ke bala para calane vAle sAdi jIvoM ke kuloM kI saMkhyA 9 lAkha koTi hai| devoM kI kula saMkhyA 26 lAkha koTi, nArakiyoM kI 25 lAkha koTi tathA manuSyoM ke kuloM kI saMkhyA 14 lAkha koTi hai / isa prakAra sabhI prakAra ke jIvoM ke kuloM kI kula saMkhyA 1993 lAkha koTi hai| 'prANa : jIvana zakti ko prANa kahate haiM / jisa jIvana zakti ke saMyoga se jIva jIvana prApta karatA hai aura viyoga se maraNa dazA ko prApta karatA hai vaha zakti vizeSa prANa hai| prANa ke bheda : dravya aura bhAva ke bheda se prANa ke do bheda haiN| Abhyantara meM usa-usa indriyAvaraNa karmoM ke kSayopazama se jo jJAnAdi guNa prakaTa hoM unheM bhAva prANa kahate haiM tathA unake kAryarUpa una-una indriyoM ke AkAra Adi dravya prANa haiN| ___ indriya, bala, Ayu aura zvAsocchvAsa sAmAnya rUpa meM ye prANoM ke cAra bheda hai / pA~ca indriyaprANa; manobala, vacanabala aura kAyabala-ye tIna balaprANa tathA zvAsocchvAsa aura bhavadhAraNa (AyuSya) ye do AyuprANa-isa prakAra dasa 1. mUlAcAra 5124.27. 2.. vahI, 5 / 28.

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494 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prakAra ke prANa hote haiN|' indriyA~ pAMca hai, ima sabakA jJAna karane vAlI zakti ko pA~ca indriyaprANa kahate haiN| manana karane, bolane aura kAyika kriyA kI zakti ko kramazaH manobala, vacanabala aura kAyabala kahate hai| pudgaloM ko zvAsocchavAsa ke rUpa meM grahaNa karane aura chor3ane kI zakti ko zvAsocchavAsa prANa kahate haiN| kisI bhI bhava meM niyata kAlAvadhi taka jIvita rahane kI zakti ko AyuSya prANa kahate haiN| kina jovoM meM kitane prANa : vacanabala, manobala, zvAsocchvAsa-ye tIna prANa paryAptaka avasthA meM hI hote haiM; aparyAptaka avasthA meM nahIM / zeSa prANa paryAptaka-aparyAptaka donoM avasthAoM meM hote haiN| paryApta ekendriya jIva meM sparzanendriya, kAyabala, zvAsocchvAsa aura Ayuye cAra prANa hote haiN| aparyAptaka ekendriya jIva ko zvAsocchvAsa ke binA zeSa tIna prANa hote haiN| paryApta dvIndriya jIva meM sparzanendriya, rasanendriya, kAyabala. vAkbala, ucchvAsa aura Ayu-ye chaha prANa hote haiM / aparyAptaka dvIndriya jIva meM vacanabala aura ucchvAsarahita cAra prANa hote haiN| paryAptaka zrIndriyajIva meM sparzanendriya, rasanendriya, ghrANendriya, kAyabala, vacanabala, zvAso-. cchvAsa aura Ayu ye sAta prANa hote haiN| isI aparyAptaka jIva meM vacana aura ucchvAsa chor3akara zeSa pAMca prANa hote haiN| caturendriya jIva meM sparzanendriya, rasanendriya, ghrANendriya, cakSurindriya, kAyabala, vacanabala, zvAsocchvAsa aura Ayu-ye ATha prANa hote haiM parantu aparyAptaka caturindriya meM vacanabala aura zvAsocchvAsa rahita chaha prANa hote haiN| asaMjJIparyApta paMcendriya jIva meM sparzana Adi pA~ca indriya prANa, kAyabala aura vacanabala, zvAsocchvAsa tathA Ayuye nava prANa hote haiM tathA aparyAptaka asaMjJI meM zvAsocchvAsa aura vacanabala ke atirikta zeSa sAta prANa hote hai| paryAptasaMjJI paMcendriyoM meM mana sahita dasoM prANa hote haiM kintu aparyAptaka avasthA meM mana, vacana aura zvAsocchvAsaina tIna prANoM ko chor3akara zeSa sAta prANa hote haiN| prANa aura paryApti : prANa Atmika zakti hai aura paryApti AtmA ke 1. paMcaya iMdiyapANA bhaNavacakAyA du tiNNi balapANA / ANappANappANA AugapANeNa hoMti dasa pANA / / mUlAcAra 12 / 150. iMdiya bala ussAsA AU cadu chakka satta aThThava / egidiya vigaliMdiya asaNNisaNNINa Nava dasa pANA / / vahI, 121151. .

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jaina siddhAntaH 495. dvArA grahaNa kiye hue pudgaloM kI zakti vizeSa hai| ina donoM meM kAraNa-kArya kA bheda hai / paryApti kAraNa hai aura prANa usake kArya haiM / pA~ca indriya prANa kA kAraNa indriya paryApti hai| manobala, vacanabala tathA kAyabala kA kAraNa kramazaH manaHparyApti, bhASA paryApti aura zarIraparyApti haiM / zvAsocchvAsa prANa kA kAraNa zvAsocchvAsa-paryApti tathA AyuSya-(bhavadhAraNa) prANa kA kAraNa AhAra paryApti hai, kyoMki AhAra paryApti ke AdhAra para hI AyuSya prANa Thahara sakatA hai| Ayu : ekendriya se paMcendriya taka ke jIvoM kI Ayu nimnAnusAra hai : mArgaNA vizeSa Ayu utkRSTa Ayu jaghanya Ayu. ekendriya pRthvIkAyika bAraha hajAra varSa mRttikAdi rUpa zuddha pRthvIkAya. pASANAdirUpa khara pRthvIkAya. bAIsa hajAra varSa sAta hajAra varSa tIna dinarAta tIna hajAra varSa dasa hajAra varSa sarvatra antarmuhUrta apkAyika agnikAyika vAyukAyika vanaspati sAdhAraNa vikalendriya dvIndriya trIndriya caturindriya paMcendriya jalacara parisarga uraga pakSI caupAye asaMjJI paMcendriya bAraha varSa uncAsa dinarAta chaha mahIne matsyAdi goha, nevalA, sarIsRpAdi sarpa karmabhUmija bhairuNDa Adi karmabhUmija pazu karmabhUmija eka koTi pUrva varSa nau pUrvAMga bayAlIsa hajAra varSa bahattara hajAra varSa eka palya eka koTi pUrva varSa 1. mUlAcAra 12 / 64-70.

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496 : mUlAdhAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana : "thoni : jIvoM ke utpanna hone ke sthAna ko yoni kahate haiM / tattvArthavArtika ke anusAra jisameM jIva jAkara utpanna ho usakA nAma yoni hai / " yoni ke bheda : - yoni ke nau bheda haiM : (1) sacittayoni - AtmA ke caitanya vizeSa rUpa pariNAma kA nAma citta tathA jo usake sAtha rahatA hai vaha sacitta hai / (2) zIta yoni, (3) saMvRta -- jo acchI taraha DhakI ho arthAt jisase jIva utpanna hotA huA dikhAI na de / (4) acitta - cetanArahita pudgala pradeza- samUha / (5) uSNayoni - saMtApa yukta pudgala pradeza samUha / (6) vivRtta - prakaTa pudgala pradeza samUha-ye chaha tathA tIna mizrarUpa yoni arthAt (7) sacittAcitta, (8) zItoSNa aura (9) saMvRtta vivRtta | 2 uparyukta yoniyoM meM ekendriya aura nArakIya jIvoM tathA devoM kI saMvRtta yoni hotI hai / vikalendriya arthAt dvIndriya, trIndriya aura caturindriya jIvoM kI vivRtta yoni tathA garbhajoM kI saMvRtavivRtta evaM sacittAcitta yoni hotI haiM / nArakI aura devoM kI acitta aura zItoSNa yoni bhI hotI haiM / zeSa ekendriya se paMcendriya taka ke jIvoM meM se kisI kI sacitta, acitta tathA sacitAvita to kisI kI zIta, uSNa aura zItoSNa yoni hotI haiM / upayukta yoniyoM ke atirikta AkAra kI apekSA se zaMkhAvartaka, kUrmonnata tathA vaMsapatra - ye yoniyoM ke tIna bheda haiM / inameM zaMkhAvartaka yoni meM garbha kA niyamataH nAza ho jAtA haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM zaMkhAvartaka yoni yukta strI vandhyA hotI hai / kUrmonnata yoni meM tIrthaMkara, cakravarti, vAsudeva, prativAsudeva aura baladeva utpanna hote haiM / zeSa yoniyoM meM manuSyAdi utpanna hote haiM / " : jIvoM kI apekSA yoniyoM ke caurAsI lAkha bheda bhI haiM arthAt nityanigoda, itaranigoda, pRthvI, apa, teja, vAyu - ina chaha meM pratyeka kI sAta-sAta lAkha, vRkSa Adi (pratyeka vanaspati) kI dasa lAkha, dvIndriya, zrIndriya, caturindriya- ina 1. yUyata iti yoniH -- tattvArthaM vArtika 2 / 32 / 10, pR0 203. 2. mUlAcAra vRtti 12 / 58, sacittazItasaMvRtAH setarA mizrAzcaikazastadyonayaH - tattvArtha sUtra 2 / 32. 3. mUlAcAra 12 / 58-60. 4. saMkhAvattayajoNI kummuNgada vaMsapattajoNI ya / tattha ya saMkhAvatte niyamAdu vivajjae gabbho / / vahI 12 / 61. 5. mUlAcAra 12 / 62.

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jaina siddhAnta : 497 saba vikalendriyoM kI kula chaha lAkha, deva, nArakI aura paMcendriya tiryaJcainameM pratyeka kI cAra-cAra lAkha tathA manuSyoM kI caudaha lAkha yoni haiM / isa prakAra kula caurAsI lAkha yoniyA~ hotI haiM / " veda : jo vedA jAya yA anubhava kiyA jAya use veda kahate haiM / isakA dUsarA nAma 'liMga' hai / isake tIna bheda haiM- strIveda, puruSaveda aura napuMsakaveda / 3 ekendriya, vikalendriya, nArakI aura sammUrcchana- ye saba jIva niyamataH napuMsaka - veda vAle hote haiM / bhavanavAsI, vyaMtara, jyotiSka aura kalpavAsI - ye cAra deva asaMkhyAta AyuvAle bhogabhUmi meM utpanna tathA bhogabhUmi ke samIpa rahane vAle manuSya aura tiryaJca - ye strI aura puruSa ina donoM veda vAle hote haiM / inameMtIsarA napuMsaka veda nahIM hotA / ina paMcendriyoM ke atirikta zeSa saMjJI, asaMjJImanuSya aura tiryaJca tInoM veda vAle hote haiM / bhavanavAsI, vyaMtara aura jyotiSka meM devoM aura deviyoM ke upapAda sthAna hotA hai ataH strI aura puruSa donoM prakAra ke veda inameM hote haiM / kintu ina bhavanatrika se aizAna svarga taka kevala strIveda tathA aizAna se Upara arthAt sAnatkumAra se lekara kevala puruSaveda hI hotA hai / 4 paryApta : AhAra, zarIra, indriya, zvAsocchvAsa, bhASA aura mana-inakI pUrNatA honA " arthAt inakI pravRttiyoM meM pariNamana kI zaktiyoM ke kAraNa pudgala skandhoM kI niSpatti kA nAma paryApti hai / isa prakAra jIvana ke lie upayogI paudgalika zakti ke nirmANa kI pUrNatA kA honA hI paryApti hai / ghavalA ke anusAra AhAra, zarIrAdi kI niSpatti ko paryApti kahate haiM / vastutaH jIva eka sthUla zarIra chor3akara dUsarA zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai taba bhAvI jIvana-yAtrA ke nirvAha ke lie apane navIna janma kSetra meM eka sAtha Avazyaka paudgalika sAmagrI kA nirmANa karatA 1. mUlAcAra 12 / 63, 5/29. 2. vedyata iti veda : liGgamityartha - - sarvArthasiddhi 252, pR0 200. 3. vahI, 26, pR0 159. 4. mUlAcAra 12187-90. 5. paryAptIrAhArAdikAraNasampUrNatAH -- mUlAcAra vRtti, 12 / 1. 6. kArtikeyAnuprekSA 134-135. 7. AhAra zarIra ''niSpattiH paryAptiH - dhavalA 111, 1, 70, pR0 311.

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498 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana hai| ise yA isase utpanna honevAlI zakti ko yA paudgalika zakti ko paryApti kahate haiN| saMkSepa meM AhAra, zarIrAdi kI niSpatti ko paryApti kahate haiN| paryApti ke bheda-AhAra,zarIra, indriya, AnaprANa (zvAsocchvAsa), bhASA aura mana-ye paryApti ke chaha bheda haiN| 1. AhAra paryApti-jIva janma-grahaNa karate samaya AhAra ke yogya pudgaloM ko grahaNa karatA hai una pudgaloM yA unako zakti ko AhAra paryApti kahate haiM / AhAra ke viSaya meM karma-nokarma svarUpa se pariNata pudgaloM kA AtmA ke dvArA grahaNa karanA AhAra hai tathA audArika, vaikriyaka aura AhAraka-ina tInoM zarIra ke yogya grahaNa kiye gaye AhAra ke jisa pariNamana rUpa kAraNa ke dvArA asthi, carma, nakha aura dravya rUpa rakta, vIrya tathA mAMsAdi rUpa karane meM jIva samartha hotA hai, usa kAraNa kI sampUrNatA prApta honA paryApti hai / / 2. zarIra paryApti-jisa kAraNa se yaha jIva zarIra banAne ke yogya pudgala dravyoM ko grahaNa kara audArika, vaikriyaka aura AhAraka zarIra rUpa pariNamana meM samartha ho una kAraNoM kI saMpUrNatA honA zarIra paryApti hai| arthAt AhAra paryApti meM jo pudgala zarIra kI racanA karane meM samartha hote haiM, una pudgaloM yA inake zarIra banAne kI zakti ko paryApti kahate haiN| 3. indriya paryApti-jisa kAraNase ekendriya, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura paMcendriya-inake yogya pudgala dravyoM ko grahaNa kara yaha AtmA sparzAdika viSayoM ke jJAna meM samartha hotA hai una kAraNoM kI pUrNatA kA honA indriya paryApti hai| 4. AnaprANa ( zvAsocchvAsa ) paryApti-jisa kAraNa se yaha jIva zvAsocchvAsa ke yogya pudgala dravyoM kA avalambakara zvAsocchvAsa kI racanA ko yaha AtmA pUrNa karatA hai usa kAraNa kI sampUrNatA ko AnaprANa paryApti kahate haiN| 5. bhASA paryApti-pudgaloM ko zabdarUpa se pariNati honA bhASA hai tathA jisa kAraNa se satya, asatya, ubhaya aura anubhaya-ina cAra bhASAoM ke yogya pudgala dravyoM ke avalaMbana se yaha AtmA caturvidha bhASA ke svarUpa kI sampUrNatA prApta karane meM samartha hotA hai vaha bhASA paryApti hai| 1. jIva-ajIva-pRSTha 19. 2. AhAre ya sarIre taha iMdiya ANapANabhAsAe / hoMti maNo vi ya kamaso pajjattIo.jiNAkhAdA / / mUlAcAra 12 // 4. 23. mUlAcAra vRtti, 12 // 4.

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jaina siddhAnta : 499 6. manaH paryApti-jisa kAraNa se satya, asatya, ubhaya aura anubhaya rUpa cAra prakAra ke mana ke yogya pudgala dravyoM kA avalaMbana kara cAra prakAra ke mana kI -racanA AtmA karatA hai, usa kAraNa kI paripUrNatA kA honA manaHparyApti hai|' yoni sthAna meM praveza karate hI jIva vahA~ apane zarIra ke yogya pudgala vargaNAoM ko grahaNa karatA hai / tatpazcAt unake dvArA krama se zarIra, zvAsa, indriya, bhASA tathA mana kA nirmANa karatA hai / yadyapi sthUla dRSTi se dekhane para isa kArya meM bahuta samaya lagatA hai, para sUkSma dRSTi se dekhane para upayukta chaha kAryoM kI zakti eka antarmuhUrta meM pUrI kara letA hai / inheM hI usakI paryAptiyA~ kahate haiN| arthAt chahoM payAptiyoM kA prArambha eka kAla meM hotA hai, parantu unakI pUrNatA kramazaH hotI hai| paryAptiyoM ke svAmI-ekendriya jIvoM meM AhAra, zarIra, indriya aura zvAsocchavAsa-ye cAra paryAptiyA~ hotI haiM / trasa jIvoM meM arthAt dvIndriya jIvoM se lekara asaMjJI paMcendriya taka ke jIvoM meM upayukta cAra tathA pA~cavIM bhASA paryApti-ye pA~ca paryAptiyA~ pAyI jAtI haiN| saMjJI paMcendriya jIvoM meM chahoM paryAptiyA~ hotI haiN| paryAptaka-aparyAptaka-jina ekendriya vikalendriya asaMjJI athavA paMcendriya jIvoM ke ye cAra, pA~ca yA chahoM paryAptiyA~ pUrNa nahIM hotI ve jIva aparyAptaka kahalAte haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM jIvoM kI zarIraparyApti pUrNa hone taka nivRtyaparyAptaka saMjJA hotI hai, usake bAda zarIra paryApti pUrNa hone para ve paryAptaka kahalAne lagate haiM / jaba taka AhAra aura zarIra paryApti kI pUrNatA nahIM hotI taba taka yaha jIva aparyAptaka aura jaba taka zarIraparyApti niSpanna nahIM hotI, taba taka nirvRttiaparyAptaka kahalAtA hai tathA zarIra paryApti pUrNa kara lene para paryAptaka kahalAne lagatA hai, cAhe bhale hI indriya Adi cAra paryAptiyA~ pUrNa na huI hoM / kucha jIva jo zarIra paryApti pUrNa kiye binA hI mara jAte haiM, ve kSudra bhavadhArI labdhaparyAptaka jIva kahalAte haiN| paryAptiyoM kI pUrNatA kA kAlamAna-tiryaJca aura manuSyoM kI paryAptiyoM 1. mUlAcAra vRtti 12 // 4. 2. eiMdisu cattAri hoti taha Adido ya paMca bhave / veiMdiyAdiyANaM pajjatIo asaNNitti // chappi ya pajjattIo bodhavA hoMti saNNikAyAgaM / edAhi aNivvattA te du apajjattayA hoMti // mUlAcAra 1255-6. 3. jainendra siddhAnta koza 3139.

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500 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kI pUrNatA bhinna muhUtaM arthAt eka samaya kama ghaTikAoM meM hotI hai / tiryaJca aura manuSyoM kI paryAptiyoM kA jaghanya sthitikAla kSudra bhava-grahaNa arthAt kucha kama eka ucchvAsa kA aThArahavAM bhAga-pramANa hai tathA utkRSTa kAla tIna palyopama hai / aupapAdika arthAt deva aura nArakiyoM kI paryApti kI pUrNatA pratisamaya hotI hai| jaba AhArAdi kAraNoM kI niSpatti hotI hai usI samaya deva-nArakoM kI zarIrAdi kAryoM kI bhI niSpatti hotI hai| deva nArakiyoM ke paryAptiyoM kA jaghanyakAla dasa hajAra varSa tathA utkRSTa kAla taitIsa sAgaropama hai / yahA~ eka bAta jJAtavya hai ki paryAptiyoM aura jIvitAvasthA--donoM kA kAla samAna hotA hai| pratisamaya se tAtparya bhavanavAsI Adi se lekara sarvArthasiddhi taka ke vimAnoM meM jisa upapAda zilA kI mahanIya divyazayyA para deva utpanna hote haiN| ve deva divya rUpa ke dvArA pratisamaya paryApta ho jAte haiM arthAt ve sampUrNa yauvana, divya AkAra tathA rUpa se paripUrNa hote haiN|2 saMsthAna : ___ saMsthAna zabda kA artha AkRti, AkAra yA zarIrAkRti hai / jaise pRthvIkAya ke zarIra kA AkAra masUra ke sadRza golAkAra, jalakAyika jIva kA AkAra kuza ke ana bhAga para sthita jalabindu ke samAna, agnikAya kA suI ke agrabhAga ke samAna, vAyukAyika kA patAkA ke sadRza, vanaspatiyoM ke AkAra aneka prakAra ke (huNDaka saMsthAna vAle) hote haiM / trasa arthAt dvIndriya, trIndriya aura caturindriya jIvoM ke zarIra bhI aneka prakAra ke huNDAkAra hote haiM / 3 paMcendriya tiyaMJcoM aura manuSyoM meM samacaturasra, nyagrodha, svAti. kubjaka, vAmana aura huNDaka-ye chA saMsthAna hote haiM / devoM meM samacaturasra tathA nArakiyoM meM kevala huNDaka saMsthAna hotA hai| . saMsthAna ke chaha bheda-(1) samacaturasra saMsthAna se tAtparya zarIra ke pratyeka avayava meM samAnatA kA honA aura hInAdhikatA kA sarvathA abhAva / (2) nyagroSa se tAtparya baragada ke vRkSa kI taraha zarIra ke Upara ke avayavoM meM bahuta paramANuoM kA honA arthAt Upara bhArI tathA nIce ke bhAga kI racanA laghu honAnyagrodha saMsthAna hai| (3) svAtisaMsthAna se tAtparya nyagrodha se viparIta arthAt Upara ke avayavoM meM kama paramANu tathA nAbhi ke nIce ke avayavoM meM adhika 1. mUlAcAra vRtti 12 / 7. 2. mUlAcAra 1218. 3. vahI, 1248.

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"jaina siddhAnta : 501 paramANuoM kA saMcaya honA hai| (4) kubjaka saMsthAna arthAt zarora ke pRSTha bhAga meM paramANuoM kA adhika upacaya honA / (5) vAmana saMsthAna se tAtparya hai zarIra ke madhyavartI avayavoM meM paramANuoM kI adhikatA kA honA tathA hAtha, paira Adi avayava choTe honA / (6) huNDaka saMsthAna se tAtparya hai sampUrNa zarIra ke avayavoM meM bIbhatsapanA kA honA, paramANuoM meM nyUna yA adhikatA kA honA tathA sarva lakSaNoM kI sampUrNatA kA na honaa|' pravIcAra : maithuna ke upasevana arthAt viSaya-sevana ko pravIcAra kahate haiM / 2 sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu aura zrota-ina pA~ca indriyoM se kAma sevanakarane kA nAma pravIcAra hai / 3 vastutaH sparza aura rasa ye do viSaya 'kAma' ke antargata Ate haiM tathA gaMdha, rUpa aura zabda ye tIna viSaya 'bhoga' ke antargata haiM / isa taraha sparza, rasana, ghrANa, cakSu aura zrotra--ye pA~ca viSaya mAne gaye haiN|" devoM meM pravIcAra (kAma sambandhI viSaya sukhoM kA upabhoga) isa prakAra hai :- tiryaJca, manuSya, bhavanavAsI, vyaMtara, jyotiSka, saudharma aura aizAnavAsI deva kAyapravIcArI arthAt zarIra se kAmasukha kA anubhava karane vAle hote haiM / bhavanatrika deva-devI aura saudharma ezAna ke deva-devI manuSya ke samAna hI saMkliSTa karma ke kAraNa zarIra ke dvArA kAmasukhAnubhava karate haiM tathA sAnatkumAra aura mAhendra svarga ke deva-devAMganAyeM sparza ke dvArA kAmasukhAnubhava karate haiM / brahma, brahmottara, lAMtava aura kApiSTha svarga ke deva rUpa pravIcArI hote haiM / zukra, mahAzukra, zatAra aura sahasrAra svarga taka ke deva zabda pravIcArI hote haiM arthAt devAMganAoM ke madhura saMgIta, alaMkArapUrNa dhvani Adi ke zravaNa mAtra meM atizayasukha kA anubhava kara lete haiN| Anata, prANata, AraNa aura acyuta kalpa ke deva manaHpravIcArI hote haiN| ina Anata Adi svargoM ke deva evaM deviyA~ eka dUsare ke smaraNa mAtra se parama 1. samacaurasaNaggohAsAdiya khujjA ya vAmaNA huNDA / paMceMdiya tiriyaNarA devA caurassa NArayA huNDA / mUlAcAra savRtti 12 / 49. 2. maithunopasevanaM pravIcAra--tattvArthavArtika 4 / 7 / 1. 3. pravIcAraH sparzanedriyAdyanurAgasevA--mUlAcAra vRtti 12 / 3. 4. kAmA duvetio bhoga iMdiyatthA vihiM paNNattA // kAmo raso ya phAso sesA bhogetti AhIyA / / mUlAcAra 12 / 97.

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502 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sukha ko prApta hote haiM / yadyapi aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki deviyA~ dUsare kalpa taka hI utpanna hotI haiM kintu niyogavaza ve Upara ke kalpoM meM pahu~ca jAtI haiM / isa prakAra bhavanavAsI se lekara acyuta svarga taka ke devoM meM pravIcAra sukha kA sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai / isase arthAt solahaveM kalpa se Upara jitane bhI kalpA - tIta ke ahamiMdra Adi deva niyamataH pravIcAra rahita hote haiM / arthAt ve kAmavedanA rahita hote hue bhI pravIcArI devoM se anantaguNita sukha se yukta hote haiM, kyoMki ihaloka ke kAmasukha tathA bhavanavAsI se acyuta taka ke svarga meM jo kAma sukha haiM ve vItarAga sukha ke anaMtaveM bhAga kI bhI barAbarI nahIM kara sakate / ' jIvasamAsa : sampUrNa loka vividha prakAra ke jIvoM se bharA huA hai / jainadharma meM ina sabhI jIvoM ko caudaha vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai / ekendriya se lekara paMcendriya taka ke sabhI jIva inhIM vargoM ke antargata A jAte haiM / inheM ho jovasamAsa kahA jAtA hai | paMcasaMgraha meM jIvasamAsa kI paribhASA meM kahA hai ki jina dharma vizeSoM ke dvArA vividha jova aura unakI vividha jAtiyoM kA jJAna kiyA jAya, padArthoM kA saMgraha karane vAle una dharma vizetroM ko jIvasamAsa kahate haiM / ajJeya hone para bhI jina ekendriyatva, bAdaratva Adi dharmoM ke dvArA saMgraharUpa meM anekoM jIvoM aura unakI vividha jAtiyoM kA nizcaya ho sake use bhI jIvasamAsa anusAra anantAnanta jIva aura unake bheda-prabhedoM kA jinameM saMgraha kiyA jAya unheM jIvasamAsa kahate haiM / 4 2 kahate haiM / dhavalA ke jIvasamAsa ke bheda :- mUlataH ekendriya ke cAra, vikalendriya ( drondriya se caturindriya taka ) ke chaha evaM paMcendriya ke cAra ye jIvasamAsa ke caudaha bheda isa 5 prakAra haiM ekendriya ke cAra bheda 1. sUkSma ekendriya ke do bheda paryAptaka evaM aparyAptaka 2. bAdara ekendriya ke do bheda-paryAptaka evaM aparyAptaka 1. mUlAcAra 12 / 98-103, tattvArthasUtra 4 / 7-9. 2. paMcasaMgraha (prAkRta) 1132, gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 70. 3. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 70 bhAvArtha sahita | 4. dhavalA 1 / 1, 1, 2 / 131 / 2. 5. mUlAcAra 12 / 152-153.

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jaina siddhAnta : 503 3. dvIndriya ke do bheda-paryAptaka evaM aparyAptaka vikalendriya ke chaha bheda 4. trIndriya ke do bheda-paryAptaka evaM aparyAptaka ___L5. caturindriya ke do bheda-paryAptaka evaM aparyAptaka paMcendriya ke cAra bheda / 6. 6. saMjJI paMcendriya ke do bheda-paryAptaka evaM aparyAptaka 6 [7. asaMjJI paMcendriya ke do bheda-paryAptaka evaM aparyAptaka isa prakAra paryAptaka aura aparyAptaka-jIva kI ina donoM avasthAoM ke AdhAra para jIvoM kI jo zreNiyAM banatI haiM unhIM ke AdhAra para jIva samAsa ke ye caudaha bheda hue| inameM ekendriya jIvoM ke atirikta kisI jIva meM sUkSma aura bAdara rUpa se bheda nahIM hai| kyoMki ekendriya ke sivAya aura koI jIva sUkSma nahIM hote / prajJApanAsutra meM kahA hai ki sUkSma kI koTi meM ve hI jIva lie jAte haiM jo samUce loka meM jame hue hote haiN| jinheM agni jalA nahIM sakatI; tIkSNa se tIkSNa zastra cheda nahIM sakate, jo apanI Ayu se jIte haiM aura apanI mauta se marate haiM, para jo indriyoM dvArA jAne nahIM jAte / ' bAdara ekendriya ke eka jIva kA eka zarIra hamArI dRSTi kA viSaya nahIM bntaa| hameM jo ekendriya zarIra dikhate haiM, ve apaMkhya jIvoM ke asaMkhya zarIroM ke piNDa hote haiM / isIlie ve bAdara haiN| caturgatiyoM meM jIvasamAsa : cAra gatiyoM meM se tiryaJcagati meM upayakta caudaha jIvasamAsa pAye jAte haiM / zeSa naraka, manuSya aura deva ina tIna gatiyoM meM paMcendriyasaMjJI paryApta tathA paMcendriyasaMjJI aparyApta ye do jIva samAsa haiM / inameM tIsarA jIvasamAsa nahIM hotaa| ekendriya jIvoM meM bAdara, sUkSma, paryApta aura aparyApta-ye cAra jIvasamAsa hai| vikalendriyoM (dvIndriya, trIndriya aura catarindriya) meM paryApta aura aparyApta ye do-do svakIya jIvasamAsa hai / paMcendriyoM meM saMjJI, asaMjJI, paryApta aura aparyApta ye cAra jIvasamAsa haiM / lezyAoM meM jIvasamAsa :- kRSNa, nIla, kApota-ina tIna azubha lezyAoM meM pUre jovasamAsa haiM / tejolezyA meM saMjJIparyApta aura asaMjJI aparyApta ye do, padma aura zukla ina do lezyAoM meM saMjJIparyApta aura saMjIaparyApta ye 1. prajJApanA, pada 1, jaina darzana manana aura mImAMsA pR0 229. 2. vahI pRSTha 230. 3. tiriyagadIe coddasa havaMti sesAsu jANa do do du / eiMdie su cauro do do vigilidiesu have // -kunda0 mUlAcAra 12 / 158.

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504 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana do-do jIvasamAsa tathA bhavya aura abhavya meM pUrI lezyAyeM hotI haiM / " mArgaNA : mArgaNA kA svarUpa : mArgaNA kA artha anveSaNa hai / mArgaNA, gaveSaNA aura anveSaNA ye tInoM ekArthavAcI zabda haiM / jina adhikaraNarUpa paryAyoM meM jIva kA anveSaNa kiyA jA sake unheM mArgaNA kahate haiM / mArgaNAyeM jIva ke una asAdhAraNa kAraNa rUpa pariNAmoM kA jJAna karAtI haiM jo guNasthAnoM kI siddhi meM sAdhanabhUta haiM / dhavalA meM kahA hai gatiyoM arthAt mArgaNA sthAnoM meM caudaha guNasthAnoM se upalakSita jIva jisake dvArA khoje jAte haiM, vaha gatiyoM meM mArgaNatA nAmaka zruti hai | 2 isa prakAra saMsArI prANiyoM kI vividha avasthAoM kA nizcaya karane ke lie mArgaNA sabase adhika upayogI hai / saMsArI jIvoM kA pariNamana mArgaNA sthAnoM meM hI huA karatA hai / jina pariNAmoM ke dvArA athavA jina avasthAoM meM jIvoM kA anveSaNa kiyA jAe use mArgaNA kahate haiM / mArgaNA ke cAra adhikAra : dhavalA meM mArgaNA ke cAra adhikAra batAye haiM -- mRgayitA, mRgya, mArgaNa aura mArgaNopAya | jIvAdi padArthoM kA zraddhA karane vAlA bhavya - puNDarIka jIva mRgayitA hai, caudaha guNasthAnoM se yukta jIva mRgya ( anveSaNa karane yogya) hai, jo isa mRgya ke AdhArabhUta haiM arthAt jo mRgayitA ko anveSaNa karane meM atyanta sahAyaka kAraNa haiM aisI gati Adi mArgaNA haiM tathA ziSya aura upAdhyAya Adi mArgaNA ke upAya haiM / mArgaNA ke bheda : mArgaNA ke caudaha bheda haiM-gati, indriya, kAya, yoga, beda, kaSAya, jJAna, saMyama, darzana, lezyA, bhavya, samyaktva, saMjJI aura AhAraka / " 1. gati mArgaNA : gati nAmakarma ke udaya se prApta hone vAlI jIva kI paryAya vizeSa ko gati kahate haiM / bhava se bhavAntara ko jisake nimitta se jAte. 1. kiNhAdINa coddasa teussa ya doNNi hoMti viSNeyA / paumasukkesu do do coddasa bhavve abhavve ya // -- kunda0 mUlAcAra 11 / 163. 2. dhavalA 13 / 5, 5, 50/2828. 3. ghavalA 111, 1, 4 / 133 / 4. 4. gai iMdiye ca kAye joge vede kasAyaNANe ya / saMjama daMsaNalessA, bhaviyA sammattasaNiAhAre // mUlAcAra 12 / 156.

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jaina siddhAnta : 505 hai, caturgati meM bhramaNa karate haiM use bhI gati kahate hai| naraka, tiryak , manuSya aura deva-ye gati ke cAra bheda haiN| isa dRSTi se gati mArgaNA ke bhI cAra bheda hue| 2. indriya mArgaNA : AtmA ke cihna ko indriya kahate haiN| ye padArthoM kA jJAna karAne meM kAraNa haiM / dravyendriya aura bhAvendriya ye isake do bheda haiM / nivRtti aura upakaraNa ko dravyendriya tathA labdhi (jJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama vizeSa) aura upayoga (jJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se padArtha ko jAnane rUpa pravRtti) ko bhAvendriya kahate haiM / sparzana, rasana, ghrANa, cakSu aura zrotra ye pA~ca indriyAM haiM, inhIM se yukta jIvoM ko ekendriya, dvindriya Adi kahate haiM / 3. kAya mArgaNA : jAti nAmakarma ke udaya se avinAbhAvI trasa aura sthAvara nAmakarma ke udaya se hone vAlI jIva kI paryAya vizeSa ko kAya kahate hai / isa prakAra mArgaNA ke vivecana meM zarIra meM sthita jIva kI paryAya vizeSa ko kAya kahA jAtA hai / yahA~ kAya kA artha zarIra nahIM lenA cAhie / mUlAcAravRtti meM bhI kahA hai-yoga rUpa AtmA kI pravRtti se saMcita hue audArikAdi rUpa pudgalapiMDa ko dhAraNa karane vAlI AtmA ko paryAya ko kAya kahate haiM / pRthvI, apa, teja, vAyu. vanaspati aura trasa ye kAya ke chaha bheda haiN|" 4. yoga mArgaNA : AtmA ke pradezoM meM jo saMkoca-vikoca hotA hai use yoga kahate haiM / athavA mana, vacana aura zarIra ke Azraya se AtmapradezoM meM hone vAle parispaMdana ko bhI yoga kahA hai| tattvArthavartika (7 / 13 / 4) ke anusAra jisake kAraNa karmoM kA AtmA ke sAtha sambandha hotA hai, use yoga kahate haiM / yoga ke tIna bheda haiM-1. bhAvamana kI utpatti ke lie jo prayatna hotA hai use manoyoga kahate haiM / 2. vacana kI utpatti ke lie jo prayatna hotA hai use vacanayoga kahate haiM tathA 3. kAya kI kriyA ke lie jo prayatna hotA hai use kAyayoga kahate haiN| jina-jIvoM ke puNya aura pApa ke utpAdaka zubha aura azubha yoga nahIM pAye jAte haiM ve anupama aura ananta-bala sahita ayogI jina (caudahaveM guNasthAna vAle) kahalAte haiN| manoyoga ke cAra, vacanayoga ke cAra, tathA kAyayoga ke sAta-isa prakAra yoga ke kula pandraha bheda nimnalikhita haiN|" 2. vhii| 1. mUlAcAra vRtti 12 / 156. 3. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 181. 4. mUlAcAra vRtti 12 / 156. 5. vahI, 5 / 30.

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506 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana yoga manoyoga vacanayoga kAyayoga satyamanoyoga satyavacanayoga audArika-kAyayoga asatyamanoyoga asatyavacanayoga audArika mizra kAyayoga ubhayamanoyoga ubhayavacanayoga vaikriyaka kAyayoga anubhayamanoyoga anubhayavacanayoga vaikriyaka mizra kAyayoga AhAraka kAyayoga AhAraka mizra kAyayoga kArmANa kAyayoga 5. veda mArgaNA : AtmA kI pravRtti-caitanya rUpa paryAya meM maithuna ke sammoha ko utpanna karane vAlA veda hai / strI, puruSa aura napuMsaka ye tIna veda haiM / ' 6. kaSAya mArgaNA : krodhAdi pariNAmoM ke dvArA jo AtmA ke kSamAdi guNoM kA nAza karate haiM unheM kaSAya kahate haiN| krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ye kaSAya ke cAra bheda haiM / 7. jJAna mArgaNA : vastu ke yathArtha-svarUpa ko prakAzita karane vAlA guNa jJAna kahalAtA hai / mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala ye jJAna ke pA~ca bheda haiN| 8. saMyama mArgaNA : vratoM ko dhAraNa karanA, samitiyoM kA pAlanA, kaSAya ko jotanA tathA mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti ke tyAga ko saMyama kahate haiN| saMyama ke pA~ca bheda haiM-sAmAyika, chedopasthApanA, parihAravizuddhi, sUkSmasAMparAya aura yathAkhyAta / inameM asaMyama aura saMyamAsaMyama ye do bheda milAkara kula sAta bheda hote haiN| 1. AtmapravRtti maithunasaMmohotpAdo vedaH strIpunapuMsakabhedena trividhaH-mUlAcAra vRtti 12 / 156. 2. mUlAcAra vRtti 12 / 156. 3. bhUtArthaprakAzakaM jJAnaM AtmArthopalaMbhakaM vA-vahI 12 / 156. 4. saH saptavidhaH sAmAyikachedopasthApanaparihArazuddhisUkSmasAMparAyayathAkhyAtabhedena asaMyamAsaMyama-saMyamazca / mUlAcAra vRtti 12 / 156.

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jaina siddhAnta : 507 9. darzana mArgaNA : sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka AtmasvarUpa ko grahaNa karane vAle ko darzana kahate haiM / cakSu, acakSu, avadhi aura kevala ye darzana ke cAra bheda haiM / " 10. lezyA mArgaNA : AtmA ko karma ke sAtha saMbaMdhita karane vAlI lezyA hai arthAt kaSAyAnuraMjita yogapravRtti ko lezyA kahate haiM / kRSNa, nIla, kApota, pIta, padma aura zukla ye lezyA ke chaha bheda haiM / 11. bhavya mArgaNA : samyagdarzanAdiko grahaNa karane kI yogyatAvAlA jIva bhavya haiM, usake viparIta jIva ko abhavya kahate haiM / 12. samyaktva mArgaNA : tattvaruci ko samyaktva kahate haiM / prazama, saMvega, anukaMpA aura Astikya se yaha pragaTa hotA hai / isake kSAyika, kSAyopazimaka aura aupazamika ye tIna bheda haiM / mithyAdarzana, sAsAdana tathA samyak mithyAtva - ina tIna viparIta bhedoM ko milAne se chaha bheda hote haiM / samyagdarzana Atma-sattA kI AsthA hai; jar3a aura cetana meM bheda dikhAnA hI isakA vAstavika uddezya hai / 13. saMjJI mArgaNA : saMjJI arthAt mana sahita jIva / mana viveka zakti ko jAgRta karatA hai jo Atmajyoti ko prApta karAne meM kAraNa hai / ataH zikSA, kriyA, upadezoM Adi ko grahaNa karane vAlA jIva saMjJI hai / pudgala piNDa ko grahaNa karanA dravyAtmaka deha, vacana aura mana jo grahaNa hotA hai use AhAra 14. AhAra mArgaNA : zarIra ke yogya AhAra hai / zarIra nAmaka nAmakarma ke udaya se banane ke yogya pudgala kI nokavargaNAoM kA kahate haiM / isa prakAra ina caudaha mArgaNAoM ke antargata jIvoM kA anveSaNa kiyA jAtA hai / yaha jIva inameM anAdikAla se ghUma rahA hai / mArgaNA-vivecana ke bAda yaha jAnanA bhI jarUrI hai ki mArgagA ke dvArA jIvoM ke bhedoM kA kathana kisa prakAra kiyA jAtA hai ? kAya mArgaNA kI apekSA se jIvoM ke trasa aura sthAvara ye do bheda haiM / yoga, gati, veda, kaSAya aura indriya- inakI dRSTi se bhI jIva ke aneka (bahuvidha ) bheda haiM / ina bhedoM kA kathana una-una mArgaNAoM ke vivecana meM kiyA jA cukA hai| jJAna, darzana, saMyama, lezyA, samyaktva, saMjJA aura AhAra ina sabake bheda se bhI jIva ke bahuta 1. prakAzavRttirdarzanaM -- mUlAcAravRtti 12 / 156. 2. AtmapravRttisaMzleSakarI lezyA kaSAyAnuraMjitA yogapravRttirvA -- mUlAcAravRtti 12 / 156. 3. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 663.

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508 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana bheda haiM / bhavya aura abhavya bheda se bhI jIva ke do bheda mAne gaye haiM / mArgaNAoM meM jIvasamAsa aura guNasthAnoM ko khojanA caahie| kyoMki mArgaNA zabda kA artha hI anveSaNa hai / jaise gavi mArgaNA ke antargata tiryaJcagati meM caudaha jIvasamAsa tathA zeSa gatiyoM meM paMcendriyasaMjJI paryApta tathA paMcendriyasaMjJI aparyApta--ye do-do jIvasamAsa hai / isameM tIsarA jIvasamAsa nahIM hotA / isI prakAra mArgaNAoM meM guNasthAnoM ke antargata deva aura nArakoM meM cAra, tiryaJcagati meM pA~ca tathA manuSyagati meM caudaha guNasthAna hote haiM / isI prakAra vibhinna mArgaNAoM meM jIvasamAsa aura guNasthAnoM kA vibhinna prakAra se vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai / 2. ajIva : jIva padArtha se viparIta ajova padArtha hotA hai / ise acetana yA jar3a padArtha bhI kahate haiM / isakA vivecana chaha dravyoM ke antargata kiyA gayA hai / 3-4. puNya aura pApa : nava padArthoM meM puNya tIsarA tathA pApa cauthA padArtha hai / tattvArthasUtrakAra ne inheM alaga se na mAnakara Asrava aura baMdha tattva meM ina donoM kA antarbhAva kiyA hai| vastutaH mana, vacana aura kAya ke zubha kAryoM se puNya karma kA Asrava aura baMdha hotA hai / jo AtmA ko AtmA pavitra bane use puNya kahate haiM tathA puNya se jo pratikUla hai arthAt jo AtmA ko zubha pariNAmoM se bacAne vAlA hai use yoga se puNyakarma kA aura azubha yoga se baMdhe hue jo karma zubha rUpa se udaya meM puNya aura pApa ke bheda se karmabaMdha ko do hai - samyaktva, zruta ( zrutajJAna), viratipariNAma (pA~ca mahAvrata tathA uttama kSamAdi pApa kahate haiM / " pApakarma kA Asrava Ate haiM una prakAra kA tattvArthasUtra meM zubha mAnA gayA hai / 4 pudgaloM kA nAma puNya hai / batalAte hue vaTTakera ne kahA 1. tasathAvarA ya duvihA jogagaikasAya iMdiyavidhIhi / bahuvidha bhavvAbhavvA esa 2. mUlAcAra 12 / 157-159. AtmA ko sukha dene vAle pavitra kareM athavA jisase gadI jIvaNidese || mUlAcAra 5 / 30. 3. tattvArthasUtra - paM0 phUlacanda zAstrI dvArA saMpAdita 114, pRSTha 10. 4. punAtyAtmAnaM pUyate'neneti vA puNyam, tatpratidvandirUpaM pApaM // 'pAti rakSatyAtmAnaM zubha pariNAmAt' iti pApam // - tattvArthavArtika 6 / 3 / 4-5. 5. zubhaH puNyasyAzubhaH pApasya -- tattvArthasUtra 6 / 3.

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jaina siddhAnta : 509 guNa dhAraNa karanA), kaSAyoM evaM indriyoM ke nigraha rUpa guNoM yA pariNAmoM se yukta honA puNya hai tathA isake viparIta pApa hai|' arthAt samyaktvAdi kAraNoM yA zubha prakRtiyoM se jo karmabaMdha hotA hai use puNyabaMdha tathA mithyAtva, ajJAna, asaMyama evaM kaSAyayukta guNoM se pariNata pudgala nicaya ko pApa baMdha kahA gayA hai / sAra rUpa meM zubha prakRtiyA~ puNya haiM aura azubha prakRtiyA~ pApa haiM / puNya-pApa kA yaha lakSaNa jaina siddhAnta meM kahA gayA hai| vastutaH pratyeka kArya meM upAdAna Adi kAraNoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| puNya kA upAdAna kAraNa puNya ke rUpa meM pariNata hone vAlA pudgala samUha hai| vaTTakera ne anukaMpA aura zuddhopayoga ko puNyAsrava kA kAraNa mAnA hai| inase viparIta arthAt mithyAtva, avirati, kaSAya aura yoga-ye cAra pApAsrava ke kAraNa haiN| inameM arhantadeva dvArA pratipAdita tattvArthoM meM vimoha arthAt saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya rUpa doSa utpanna honA mithyAtva hai tathA hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha ina pA~ca pApoM se virata na honA avirati hai| puNya aura pApa ke uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho gayA ki AtmA kI jitanI kriyAyeM hotI haiM unheM zubha evaM azubha-ina do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| zubhayoga kI pravRtti se puNyabaMdha tathA azubha pravRtti se pApabaMdha hotA hai| pudgaloM kI yaha viziSTa vargaNA kA nAma karma-vargaNA hai aura baMdhe hue zubha-azubha karma vipAkAvasthA meM sukha-duHkha phala dene kI apekSA se puNyakarma aura 'pApakarma kahalAte haiN| vastutaH puNya-pApa ke udaya se yaha jIva sukha-duHkha pAtA hai| phira bhI sAmAnya kathana kI apekSA pApa aura puNya donoM meM koI antara nahIM hai kyoMki donoM ho saMsAra ke kAraNa haiM arthAt AtmasvarUpa kI prApti meM bAdhaka haiM / ataH jaise lohe aura svarNa (sone) kI ber3iyAM manuSya ko bandhana meM DAlakara usakI svataMtratA meM bAdhaka hotI haiM, usI prakAra puNya aura pApa-ye donoM bhI AtmA ko saMsAra meM rakhakara usako mukti meM bAdhaka haiN| phira bhI nIce kI avasthA meM 1. sammatteNa sudeNa ya viradIe kasANiggahaguNehiM / jo pariNado sa puNNo tabdivarIdeNa pAvaM tu / / mUlAcAra 5 / 37. 2. ...... zubha prakRtayaH puNyamazubha prakRtayaH pApamiti / mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 37. 3. puNNassAsavabhUdA aNukaMpA suddha eva uvogo| vivarIdaM pAvassa du Asavaheu viyANAhi / / mUlAcAra 5 / 38. 4. micchattaM aviramaNaM kasAya jogA ya AsavA hoti / vahI, 5440.

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510 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pApa se puNya acchA hai / aura phira jaba taka zuddhopayoga kI prApti nahIM hotI, taba taka zuddhopayoga ke sAdhaka zubhopayoga rUpa puNya karmoM meM laganA cAhie aura azubha pravRttiyoM se bacanA caahie| kyoMki zubha karmodaya se yadi jIva acche sAdhana pA jAtA hai to Atmonnati ke mArga para agrasara hone meM dera nahIM lagatI hai / azubha karmoM ke udaya se acche sAdhana nahIM milate aura jIva nirantara giratA hI calA jAtA hai| pApa kI apekSA puNya ko vyavahAra naya kI dRSTi se upAdeya batalAyA hai kyoMki samyaktva sahita kI jAne vAlI kriyAoM se utpanna honevAlA puNya paramparA se AtmasvarUpa kI prApti meM kAraNa banatA hai / yadyapi jo jIva tattvArtha zraddhAnI haiM ve nija AtmA ko hI upAdeya samajhakara usakI prApti ke lie prayatna karanA cAhate haiM; tathApi cAritramoha ke udaya se zuddhopayoga kI prApti meM asamartha hokara paramAtmapada kI prApti ke lie aura viSaya kaSAyoM se bacane ke lie paramAtmasvarUpa ahaMta tathA siddha parameSThI kI aura unake ArAdhaka AcArya, upAdhyAya va sAdhu parameSThI kI tathA unake guNoM kI stuti, pUjA Adi karake paramabhakti karatA hai| yaha usakI bhakti mokSa prApti ke nimitta hI honI cAhie' saMsAra sukha ke lie nahIM / 5. Asrava : ____ Asrava karmagrahaNa karane vAlI AtmA kI avasthA hai| puNya-pApa Adi rUpa karmoM ke Agamana ke dvAra ko Asrava kahate haiM / jaise nadiyoM dvArA samudra pratidina jala se bharatA rahatA hai vaise hI mithyAdarzanAdi srotoM se AtmA meM karma Ate rahate haiM / hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha ye pA~ca pApa AsravoM ke dvAra haiM / inase AtmA meM karmoM kA Agamana hotA hai| karmoM ke ina Agamana dvAroM ko Asrava kahA hai / pA~ca pApoM se jIva kA nizcaya hI vinAza hotA hai kyoMki jaise nAva meM cheda hone se usameM pAnI kA Agamana hotA hai aura naukA samudra meM DUba jAtI hai vaise hI jIva karmAsravoM ke kAraNa saMsAra samudra meM DUbA rahatA hai / krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha-ye duSTa abhiprAya dhAraNa karanevAle arthAt pApAsrava ko utpanna karane vAle kaSAyarUpI zatru haiM / inase jIvoM meM hajAroM doSa utpanna hote haiM jinake 1. saMyama prakAza : uttarArddha dvitIya kiraNa pR0 63-64 kA sAra / 2. tattvArthavArtika 1 / 4 / 16-26. 3. hiMsAdiehiM paMcahiM AsavadArehiM Asavadi pAvaM / tehito dhuva viNAso sAsavaNAvA jaha samudde / / mUlAcAra 8146.

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jaina siddhAnta : 511 kAraNa vaha hajAroM duHkha prApta karatA hai| rAga, dveSa, moha, pA~ca indriya tathA AhAra, nidrA, bhaya aura maithuna-ye cAra saMjJAyeM, Rddhi, rasa aura-sAta ye tIna gArava tathA kaSAyoM ke sAtha mana, vacana aura kAya kA yoga hone para AtmA meM karmoM kA Asrava hotA hai / Asrava ke bheda :-Asrava ke do bheda haiM-dravya aura bhAva / jIva ke dvArA mana, vacana aura kAya se pratikSaNa hone vAlI zubha yA azubha pravRtti ko bhAva-Asrava tathA usake nimitta se koI vizeSa prakAra kI jar3a-pudgala vargaNA AkarSita hokara usake pradezoM meM praveza karatI hai use dravyA va kahate haiM / 6. baMdha: karma pradezoM kA AtmA ke pradezoM meM eka kSetrAvagAha ho jAnA baMdha hai| mUlAcArakAra ne nava padArthoM meM bandha ko AThavA~ padArtha mAnA hai / arthAt mokSa ke ThIka pUrva baMdha kA vivecana kiyA hai / paJcAstikAya, sthAnAMga Adi granthoM meM bhI yahI krama milatA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM jIva, ajIva ke bAda hI tIsarA padArtha baMdha mAnA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM ise caturtha sthAna para rakhA hai| isI meM puNya-pApa ko alaga na mAnakara Asrava aura baMdha tatva ke antargata mAnA hai| paribhASA-kaSAya sahita jIva yoga ke dvArA karma ke yogya pudgala dravyoM ko grahaNa karatA hai vaha baMdha hai| mUlAcAravRttikAra ne kahA hai jisake dvArA karma baMdhate haiM yA bandhanamAtra baMdha hai athavA jIvoM aura karma pradezoM kA paraspara saMzleSita hone yA Apasa meM mila jAne ko baMdha kahate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM Atma-pradezoM ke sAtha 1. mUlAcAra 8 / 45. 2. rAgo doso moho iMdiyasaNNA ya gAravakasAyA / maNavayaNakAyasahidA du AsavA hoMti kammassa / / vahI, 8 / 38. 3. nayacakra 152. 4. tattvArthavArtika 1 / 4 / 17 / 26-29. 5. mUlAcAra 5 / 6, paMcAstikAya 2 / 108 6. uttarAdhyayana 28 / 24. 7. tattvArthasUtra : paM0 phUlacandrazAstrI dvArA sampAdita 114, pRSTha 10. 8. jIvo kasAyajutto jogAdo kammaNo du je joggA / ___ geNhai puggaladavve baMdho so hodi NAdavyo / mUlAcAra 12 / 183.. 9. mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 6.

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512 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana karma pudgaloM kA dUdha pAnI kI taraha mila jAnA, saMbaMdhita ho jAnA athavA ekIbhAva ho jAnA baMdha hai / mUlAcArakAra ne baMdha ke viSaya meM yaha batAnA abhISTa samajhA hai| "ki jIvatattva nityAnitya rUpa hai / kyoMki sarvathA nitya mAnane para yoga aura kaSAya utpanna na hone se saMsAra aura mokSa tattva kI siddhi nahIM hogI aura sarvathA - anitya mAnane para baMdha kI hI siddhi na hogI, taba mokSa kise hogA ? ataH jIva ko sarvathA apariNata (nitya) yA sarvathA ucchinna ( anitya ) mAnane para to baMdha * sthiti kA kAraNa hI samajha meM nahIM AtA / ataH sarvaprathama jIvatattva ko nityA - nitya rUpa mAnanA cAhie / baMdha ke kAraNa - mithyAtva, avirati, kaSAya aura yoga -- ye cAra baMgha ke kAraNa AcArya vaTTakera ne batalAye haiM / " tattvArthasUtra meM ina cAroM ke sAtha pramAda ko milAkara baMdha ke pAMca hetu batalAye haiM / kintu isameM tAttvika dRSTi se koI - matabheda nahIM hai kyoMki avirati aura pramAda kA antarbhAva kaSAya meM hI ho jAtA hai / ataH mukhya rUpa meM mithyAdarzana, kaSAya aura yoga -- ye tIna hI baMdha ke kAraNa haiN| baMdha ke kAraNoM meM - 1. mithyAdarzana kA artha hai viparIta zraddhAna / 2. hiMsA - Adi pAMca pApoM ko nahIM chor3anA yA pAMca vratoM kA pAlana na karanA avirati hai / * jisase chaha kAya ke jIvoM kI hiMsA se aura indriyoM ke viSayoM se nivRtti nahIM hotI use bhI avirati kahate haiM / 3. acche karmoM meM AdarabhAva kA na honA yA - kaSAya sahita avasthA aura kuzala kAryoM meM anAdara bhAva pramAda kahalAtA hai / 4. cAritrarUpa AtmapariNAmoM meM malinatA ko kaSAya kahate artha hai AtmapradezoM kA parispanda | yaha mana, vacana aura nimitta se hotA hai / ataH yoga ke ye tIna bheda haiM / isa hetu haiM / haiM tathA 5. yoga kA kAya -- ina tInoM ke prakAra ye baMdha ke pAMca aura pradezabaMdha - ye karatA hai tathA kaSAya baMdha ke bheda - prakRtibaMdha, sthitibaMdha, anubhAgabaMdha baMdha ke cAra bheda haiM / inameM se jIva prakRti aura pradeza baMdha se sthiti aura anubhAga baMdha karatA hai / " ye hI karma kI cAra avasthAyeM hai / 1. prakRtibaMdha - kArmaNa vargaNA se Aye hue pudgala paramANu jJAnAvaraNAdi rUpa se pariNata hote haiM arthAt karma pudgaloM meM jo jJAna ko AvRtta karane, darzana mUlAcAra 5147. 1. apariNaducchiNNesu yA baMdhaTThidikAraNaM Natthi / 2. mUlAcAra 12 / 182. 3. tattvArtha sUtra 81. 4. payaDiTThidiaNubhAgappadezabaMdho ya caduviho hoi - mUlAcAra 121184. 5. jogA paryAdipadezA ThidiaNubhAgaM kasAyado kuNadi --- mUlAcAra 5140.

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jaina siddhAnta : 51* ko rokane aura sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karAne kA jo bhAva baMdhatA hai usa svabhAva kA nirmANa hI prakRtibaMdha hai / prakRti kA artha hai svabhAva / jaise nIma kA svabhAvakaDuvA, gur3a kA svabhAva mIThA hotA hai' isI taraha jisa karma kA jo svabhAva hai vaha usakI prakRti hai / jaise jJAnAvaraNa karma kA svabhAva hai jJAnaguNa ko r3hakanA / isa prakRtibaMdha ke do bheda haiM- mUlaprakRtibaMdha aura uttara- prakRtibaMdha / inameM mUlaprakRtibaMdha ke ATha bheda haiM-jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra aura antarAya / ye hI ATha mUla prakRtiyA~ haiM jo ki uttaraprakRtiyoM ke lie AdhArabhUta haiM / 2. sthitibaMdha - sthiti arthAt kAla maryAdA / ataH karma pariNata pudgaloM kA jIva pradezoM ke sAtha nirdhArita kAlAvadhi taka rahanA sthitibaMdha hai / arthAt karmabaMdhana kI sthiti se kucha nirdhArita kAla taka cyuta na hone kI sthiti rUpa kAla maryAdA ko sthitibaMdha kahate haiM / vastutaH pratyeka karma kA baMdha hote hI usakA sambandha AtmA se kaba taka rahegA, isa kAla maryAdA kA nizcita honA hI sthitibandha hai | 3. anubhAga baMdha -- karma kI isa avasthA ko anubhava bandha bhI kahate haiM / isakA artha hai 'phaladAna kI zakti' / pratyeka karma meM tIvra yA manda rUpa meM phala dene kI zakti hotI hai ataH isakA nizcaya honA hI anubhAga baMdha hai / isa taraha jIva pradezoM ke sAtha ekAvagAha sambandha ko prApta hue karma-pradezoM se jIva ko vibhinna prakAra se sukha-duHkha rUpa phala prApti ko anubhAga baMtra kahate haiM / 4. pradeza baMdha - karma rUpa se pariNata anantAnaMta pudgala skandhoM kA jIva ke pradezoM ke sAtha gAr3ha sambandha honA pradeza baMdha hai / vastutaH pratisamaya baMdhane vAle karma paramANuoM kI parigaNanA pradezabaMdha meM kI jAtI hai| jo karma AtmA se bandha ko prApta hote haiM ve niyata hI rahate haiM / ataH eka kAla meM jitane karma paramANu. bandha ko prApta hote haiM unakA vaisA honA hI pradezabaMdha hai / isa taraha jitane bhI karma haiM ve saba ina cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita haiM / mUlAcAravRtti meM karma kI ina cAra avasthAoM ko isa prakAra samajhAyA hai prakRtistiktatA, guDasya kA prakRtirmadhuratA 1. prakRti: svabhAva: nimbasya kA - mUlAcAra vRtti 12 / 184. 2. duviho ya payadibaMdho mUlo taha uttaro ceva -- mUlAcAra 12 / 184. 3. aTThaviha kammamUlaM vahI 9 / 116. 4. prakRtisthityinubhava pradezAstadvidhayaH -- tattvArthasUtra 2/3.

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"514 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana jisase vaha hI lakSaNa rUpa kArya utpanna hotA hai vaha 'prakRti' kahalAtI hai| apane svabhAva se cyuta nahIM honA sthiti hai| jaise bakarI, gAya, bhaiMsa Adi ke dUdha kA niyatakAla taka apane mAdhurya svabhAva se cyuta na honA unakI sthiti hai / unakA rasa vizeSa anubhava hai / jaise bakarI, gAya, bhaiMsa Adi ke dUdha meM tIvra, manda Adi bhAva se rasa vizeSa yA madhuratA hotI hai, vaise hI karmapudgaloM meM apane meM hone vAlI sAmarthya vizeSa kA nAma anubhAga hai / 'iyattA' arthAt 'itanA hai'-aisA nizcaya honA pradeza hai / isa taraha baMdha ke ye cAra prakAra haiN|' karma ko dasa avasthAyeM karma kI vividha avasthAyeM hotI haiM jo baMdha se lekara unakI nirjarA hone taka yathAsambhava hotI haiM / ye dasa prakAra kI hotI hai| inheM karma prakRtiyoM ke dasa karaNa bhI kahate haiN| 1. baMdhakaraNa-jisa samaya karmoM kA Asrava hotA hai usI samaya unakA baMdha hotA hai / baMdha hote samaya prakRti, pradeza, sthiti evaM anubhAga-ye cAroM bAteM eka sAtha paidA ho jAtI haiM / ataH pudgala dravya kA karma rUpa hokara AtmapradezoM ke sAtha saMzleSa sambandha honA baMdha hai| 2. utkarSaNa-karmoM kA jo sthiti evaM anubhAga pUrva meM thA usameM vRddhi kA honA utkarSaNa hai| 3. saMkramaNa-eka karma prakRti ke paramANuoM kA sajAtIya dUsarI prakRti rUpa ho jAnA saMkramaNa hai| jaise asAtA karma paramANuoM kA sAtA rUpa ho jAnA / vaise mUla karmoM meM paraspara saMkramaNa nahIM hotaa| jaise jJAnAvaraNakarma darzanAvaraNa rUpa nahIM ho sktaa| 4. apakarSaNa-karmoM kI sthiti evaM unakA anubhAga jo pUrva meM thA usako kama karanA yA ghaTAnA apakarSaNa hai| 5. udoraNA-phalakAla ke pahale karma ke phala dene rUpa avasthA ko udIraNA kahate haiN| 6. sattva-astitva arthAt pudgaloM kA karma rUpa rahanA sattva hai| 7. udaya-karmoM kA apanI pUrvabaddha sthitibandha ke anusAra udaya ko prApta honA udaya hai| 1. mUlAcAra vRtti 12 / 184. 2. baMdhukkaTTaNakaraNaM, saMkamamokaTuMdIraNA sattaM / udayuvasAmaNidhattI, NikAcaNA hodi paDipayaDI // go0 karmakANDa 437.

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jaina siddhAnta : 515 8 upazAnta-jo karma paramANu udIraNA ko prApta hone meM samartha na ho use upazAntakaraNa kahate haiN| 9. nidhatti-karma kI vaha avasthA jo udIraNA aura saMkramaNa ina donoM ke ayogya ho| 10. nikAcita-karma kI vaha avasthA jo utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa, udIraNA aura sakrama-ina cAroM ke ayogya ho vaha nikAcita karaNa yA nikAcanA hai / aSTavidha karma : mUla prakRtibandha ke jina ATha bhedoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai ve isa taraha haiMjJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra aura antarAya / inheM hI karma kI mUlaprakRtiyA~ svabhAva) kahate haiN| karma ke ina ATha bhedoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA hai-ghAtiyA karma aura aghAtiyA karma / inameM jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya-ye cAra ghAtiyA karma hai tathA vedanIya, Ayu, nAma aura gotra-ye cAra aghAtiyA karma kahalAte haiN| jinase anujIvI guNa (AtmA ke atirikta anya dravya meM na pAI jAne vAlI zakti, jo AtmA kI vizeSatA mAnI jAtI hai vaha zakti) rUpa zaktiyoM kA ghAta karane vAle ko ghAtiyA karma kahate haiM tathA pratijIvI zaktiyoM (jo zaktiyA~ AtmA ke atirikta anya dravya meM bhI sambhava haiM) kA ghAta karane vAle karma aghAtiyA karma kahe jAte haiN| vastutaH AtmA meM do prakAra kI zaktiyA~ hotI haiM-anujIvI aura pratijIvI / yadyapi jIva ke guNoM kA ghAta donoM karma karate haiM kintu ghAtiyA karma anujIvI guNoM kA aura aghAtiyA karma pratijIvI guNoM kA ghAta karate haiM / ___ ATha prakAra ke karmoM meM pratyeka ke prabhedoM (uttara bhedoM) ko uttara'prakRtibandha kahate haiN| ye uttaraprakRtiyoM ke bheda isa prakAra haiM-jJAnAvaraNa ke pA~ca, darzanAvaraNa ke nau, vedanIya ke do, mohanIya ke aTTAisa, Ayu ke cAra, nAma ke bayAlisa vathA prakArAntara se terAnabe, gotra ke do, antarAya ke pA~ca bheda / isa prakAra ye sattAnabe bheda hue| inameM nAmakarma ke bayAlisa bhedoM ke sthAna para prabhedoM sahita tirAnabe bheda karake jor3ane para ina ATha karmoM ke kula ekasau ar3atAlIsa bheda (uttaraprakRtiyA~) hote haiN|' 1. paMca Nava doNNi aTThAvIsaM caduro taheva vAdAlaM / doNNi ya paMca ya bhaNiyA payaDIo uttarA ceva // mUlAcAra 121186.

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516 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana mUlataH karma ke do bheda haiM-dravyakarma aura bhaavkm| pudgala ke piNDa ko dravyakarma kahate hai aura usameM jo phala dene kI zakti hai use bhAvakarma kahate haiN|' dravyakarma ke mUlataH bheda ATha haiM aura uttarabheda eka sau ar3atAlIsa tathA uttarottara bheda asaMkhyAta haiM / ye saba pudgala ke pariNAma rUpa haiM kyoMki jIva kI paratantratA meM nimitta hote haiM / bhAvakarma caitanya ke pariNAma rUpa krodhAdi bhAva haiM unakA to pratyeka jova ko anubhava hotA hai, kyoMki jIva ke sAtha unakA kathaMcit abheda hai| isI se bhAvakarma pAratantrya svarUpa haiM aura dravyakarma paratantratA meM nimitta hotA hai / ___ karma svarUpa vimarza :-sAmAnyataH jIva ke dvArA kI jAne vAlI acchI yA burI kriyA ko karma kahate haiM / jaina darzana ke anusAmasArI jIva pratisamaya mana, vacana aura kAya ke yoga (halana-calana rUpa kriyA) ke dvArA sUkSma karma-paramANu AtmA kI ora AkRSTa hote rahate haiM tathA rAga-dveSa evaM kaSAya pariNAmoM kA nimitta pAkara AtmA ke sAtha sambaddha ho jAte haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM AtmA kI zubha evaM azubha pravRtti ke dvArA AkRSTa kiye hue pudgala cAra prakAra (prakRti, sthiti anubhAga aura pradeza) se AtmA ke sAtha sambandha karake jo zubhAzubha phala ke kAraNa banate haiM, zubhAzubha rUpa se udaya meM Ate haiM, una Atma-grahIta pudgaloM ko karma kahate haiM / jo jIva ko paratantra karate haiM athavA jIva jinake dvArA paratantra kiyA jAtA hai unheM karma kahate haiM / jIva aura pudgala ina donoM kA sambandha anAdi hai / ataH saMsArI jIva aura pudgala meM parispanda (halana-calana) rUpa jo kriyA hotI hai use karma kahate haiN| ____ karma pudgala jisa rUpa meM atmA ko vibhinna zaktiyoM ko pragaTa hone se rokate hai unake jJAnAvaraNa Adi ATha bheda kiye / jo padArtha ko DhakatA hai athavA padArtha jisase chipAyA jAtA hai use AvaraNa kahate haiN| yahA~ AvaraNa zabda jJAna aura darzana ina do ke sAtha hI saMbaMdhita hai / Azrava ke dravyAzrava aura bhAvAsrava-ina do bhedoM meM bhI rAgadveSAdi pariNAmoM kA nimitta pAkara jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM ke Atma pradeza meM khiMcakara Ane ko dravyAsrava tathA jJAnAvaraNAdi pudgala karma Atma pradeza kI ora khiMcakara Ane ke nimitta se jIva ke rAgAdi vikalpa pariNAmoM 1. puggalapiMDo davvaM tassato bhAvakammaM tu / go0 karmakANDa 6. 2. go0 karmakANDa bhAga 1-prastAvanA pRSTha 18. bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana 3. jovaM paratantrIkurvanti, sa paratantrI kriyate vA yastAni karmANi--AptaparIkSA TIkA pR0 113.

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jaina siddhAnta : 517 ko bhAvAsrava kahA hai / yadyapi ye karma pudgala ekarUpa haiM to bhI jisa-jisa AtmaguNa ko AcchAdita karate haiM tadanusAra hI una karma pudgaloM kA vaisA nAma hai / isa taraha vividha svabhAvavAle sabhI karmoM ko ATha bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai / karmabaMdha kI prakriyA :---prazna uThatA hai ki amUrtika jIva (Atma)-pradeza ke sAtha mUrtika karma pudgaloM kA saMbaMdha hotA kaise hai ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki-- jaise ghI, tela Adi ke sneha guNa se yukta zarIra para dhUla cipaka jAtI hai vaise hI rAga-dveSa rUpa sneha se lipta jIva-pradeza meM karma pudgala cipaka jAte haiN| kyoMki tejas aura kArmANa zarIra ke saMbaMdha se pratisamaya jIva ko karmarUpa reNuoM kA baMdha hotA rahatA hai| vastutaH kArmANa vargaNAoM kA AtmA se saMzleSa rUpa sambandha ko prApta honA bandha hai / yadyapi bandha 'karma aura AtmA' ke eka kSetrAvagAhI sambandha kA nAma hai tathApi yaha sabhI AtmAoM ke nahIM pAyA jAtA hai kintu jo AtmA kaSAyavAn hai vahI karmoM ko grahaNa kara usase ba~dhatA hai| yadi lohe kA golA garama na ho to pAnI ko grahaNa nahIM karatA kintu garama hone para vaha jaise apanI ora pAnI ko khIMcatA hai vaise hI zuddha AtmA karmoM ko grahaNa karane meM asamartha hai kintu jaba taka vaha kaSAya sahita rahatA hai taba taka pratyeka samaya meM barAbara karmoM ko grahaNa karatA rahatA hai aura isa prakAra karmoM ko grahaNa karake unase saMzleSa ko prApta ho jAnA hI bandha hai / isa bandha ke mukhya hetu yoga aura kaSAya hai| udAharaNa ke lie yoga ko vAyu kI, kaSAya ko goMda kI, AtmA ko dIvAla kI aura karma paramANuoM ko dhUli kI upamA dI jA sakatI hai| yadi dIvAla meM goMda yA tela kA lepa ho to vAyu ke dvArA ur3ane vAlI dhUli dIvAla para Akara cipaka jAtI hai tathA dIvAla ke lepa rahita sUkhI hone para dhUli lagakara turanta jhar3a jAtI hai / yahA~ dhUli kA hInAdhika parimANa meM ur3akara AnA vAyu ke vega para nirbhara hai / vega ke tIvra hone se adhika dhUli aura manda hone se kama dhUli ur3akara AtI hai / tela yA goMda ke lage rahane se dIvAla para dhUli adhika samaya taka rahatI hai / isI prakAra yoga ke tIna yA manda hone se karma-paramANu hInAdhika rUpa meM Ate haiM aura kaSAya-rAga-dveSa bhAvoM ke tIbra yA manda hone se karma AtmA ke sAtha adhika samaya yA kama samaya taka rahate haiN| jaba yaha jova karma ko bA~dhatA 1. houppidagattassa reNavo laggade jadhA aMge / taha rAgadosasiNehollidassa kammaM muNeyavvo / mUlAcAra 5139 2. tattvArthasUtra 802-3. pRSTha 372. (paM0 phUlacaMda zAstrI dvArA sampAdita) 3. guru gopAladAsa varaiyA smRti grantha-pRSTha 392. 32

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518 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana hai taba usakI mukhyataH prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga aura pradeza - ye pUrvokta cAra avasthAyeM hotI haiM / AtmA kA bahijagat ke sAtha jo saMbaMdha hai usakA mAdhyama zarIra hai aura zarIra pudgala paramANuoM kA saMgaThita puJja hai / zarIra aura AtmA donoM ke saMyoga se utpanna kriyAtmaka zaktirUpa sAmarthya janita kampana ke dvArA AtmA aura karma paramANuoM kA saMyoga (Asrava) hotA hai aura AtmA ke sAtha saMyukta hokara karmayogya paramANu karma rUpa meM parivartita ho jAte haiM / isa prakriyA ko hI karmabaMdha kI prakriyA kahate haiM / vastutaH rAgadveSa se AviSTa jIva kI pratyeka kriyA ke sAtha eka prakAra kA dravya (karma) AtmA kI ora AkRSTa hotA hai aura usake rAgadveSa rUpa pariNAmoM kA nimitta pAkara AtmA ke sAtha bandha ko prApta hotA hai aura dUdha - pAnI kI taraha usake sAtha ghula-mila jAtA hai / kAlAntara meM vahI dravya AtmA ko acchA yA burA phala milane meM nimitta hotA hai / isa taraha jIva ko apane zubhAzubha karmoM ke udaya ke kAraNa hI vibhinna prakAra ke phaloM kI prApti hotI hai / isa prakAra jainadarzana meM karma kevala eka saMskAra mAtra nahIM hai apitu vaha eka vastubhUta padArtha hai, jo jIva kI rAga-dveSa rUpa kriyA se AkRSTa hokara jIva ke sAtha mila jAtA hai / yadyapi yaha eka bhautika padArtha hai kintu vaha jIva ke karma arthAt kriyA ke dvArA AkRSTa hokara jIva se baMdhatA hai ataH vaha karma kahalAtA hai / karma ke ATha bhedoM kA svarUpa : 1. jJAnAvaraNa-jo karmavagaMNA AtmA ke jJAna guNa ke sahaja svarUpa ko Dhakate haiM / sUrya ke prakAza ko DhakanevAle bAdala kI taraha jJAnAvaraNa karma hotA hai / yaha bar3A hI zaktizAlI karma hai jo AtmA ko jAnane meM AvaraNa kA kArya karatA hai / pA~ca prakAra ke jJAnoM ko Dhakane ke kAraNa isake pAMca bheda haiM - ( 1 ) Abhinibodhika (mati ) jJAnAvaraNa - indriya aura mana ke dvArA hone vAle jJAna ko AvRtta karane vAlA karma / ( 2 ) zrutajJAnAvaraNa - zabda aura artha kI paryAlocanA se hone vAle jJAna kA AvaraNa banane vAlA karma / ( 3 ) avadhijJAnAvaraNa -- maryAdA se yukta jJAna kA AvaraNa banane vAlA karma / ( 4 ) mana:paryaya - dUsare ke mana kI paryAyoM ko sAkSAt jAnane vAle jJAna ko AvRta karane vAlA karma / (5) kevala-jJAnAvaraNatrikAlavartI samasta paryAyoM se yukta samasta jIvAdi vastuoM ko jAnane vAle jJAna 1. AbhiNibohiyasudaohI maNapajjayakevalANaM ca / AvaraNaM NANANaM NAdavvaM savvabhedANaM // mUlAcAra 12 / 187.

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jaina siddhAnta : 519 ko AvRta karane vAlA karma / ' 2. darzanAvaraNa--padArtha kA sAmAnya avalokana bhI jisase nahIM hotA arthAt AtmA ke darzana guNa ko AvRta karane vAlA darzanAvaraNa karma hai / ataH jaba karma vargaNAyeM AtmA ko darzana zakti meM bAdhA DAlatI haiM taba darzanAvaraNI karma kA udaya samajhanA cAhie / isake nau bheda haiM- inameM nidrA ke nimnalikhita bheda haiN| (1) nidrA-sAmAnya noMda arthAt zramAdi dUra karaneke lie sonA nidrA hai / (2) nidrA-nidrA-isa karmodaya se kahIM bhI nidrA meM sazabda (bar3abar3Ate hue) sonaa| (3) pracalA-khar3e yA baiThe hue bhI nIMda laga jAnA / (4) pracalA pracalAcalate-phirate hue bhI gaharI noMda aanaa| isake tIvra udaya se baiThe yA uThe hue vyakti ke mukha se lAra nikalatI hai| zarIra aura mastaka kAMpatA rahatA hai / (5) styAnagRddhi-isake udaya se jIva nidrA meM kucha bhI raudra kArya kara sakatA hai / sotA huA bhI kahIM bhI calakara jA sakatA hai phira bhI khabara nahIM rahatI arthAt saMkalpa kiye hue kArya ko nIMda meM kara DAle vaisI pragAr3hatama nIMda / darzanAvaraNI karma ke udaya se ye pA~ca prakAra kI nidrA hotI hai| (6) cakSudarzanAvaraNa-cakSu ke dvArA hone vAle darzana (sAmAnya grahaNa) kA AvaraNa / (7) acakSudarzanAvaraNa-cakSu ke sivAya zeSa indriya aura mana se hone vAle darzana kA AvaraNa / (8) avadhidarzanAvaraNa-mUrta dravyoM ke sAkSAt darzana kA AvaraNa / (1) kevala darzanAvaraNa-sarva-dravya-paryAyoM ke sAkSAt darzana kA AvaraNa / / 3. vedanIya-jisake kAraNa jova sAMsArika sukha-duHkha kA anubhava (saMvedana) karatA hai vaha vedanIya karma hai / sAtAvedanIya aura asAtAvedanIya ye isake do bheda haiN| ina donoM kA svabhAva jIvoM ko kramazaH sukha aura duHkha kA anubhava karAnA hai| 4. mohanIya-jo AtmA ko mohita karatA hai athavA jisake dvArA AtmA mohita hotA hai vaha mohanIya karma hai / yaha AtmA ke darzana aura cAritra guNa kA hanana karane vAlA karma hai / yaha karma madirA (zarAba) ke samAna hai / jaise madyapAna se viveka zakti kuMThita ho jAtI hai vaisI hI isake karma pudgaloM se AtmA kI viveka1. mUlAcAra vRtti 12 / 187. 2. darzanAvaraNasyArthAnAlokanaM-vahI, 12 / 184. 3. NiddANiddA payalApayalA taha thINagiddhi NiddA ya / payalA cakkhU acakkhU ohINaM kevalassedaM / vahI 12 / 188. 4. mUlAcAra vRtti 12 / 188. 5. sAdamasAdaM duvihaM vedaNiyaM-mUlAcAra 12 / 189.

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520 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana zakti kuMThita ho jAtI hai / vastutaH yaha karma rAga-dveSa aura moha kA janaka hai / ise sabhI karmoM meM pradhAna mAnA jAtA hai / kyoMki isa karma kA jaba taka pUrA prabhAva rahatA hai, taba taka AtmA viveka zUnya banI rahatI hai| krodhAdi cAroM kaSAyeM isI ke udaya se hotI haiN| isake do bheda haiM-darzanamoha aura cAritra moha / ' darzanamoha jIva ko apane svarUpa kA yathArtha darzana nahIM hone detA arthAt yaha samyak dRSTi ko vikRta karane vAlA hotA hai tathA cAritra moha ke udaya se jIva sAMsArika vastuoM meM se kisI ko apane anukUla jAnakara usameM rAga karatA hai aura kisI ko burA jAnakara usase dveSa karatA hai| ___ 5, Ayukarma-jIvana (prANa) ko TikAye rakhane vAlA karma / (jisa bhava meM gati meM janma liyA hai usameM) kucha kAla prANadhAraNa kiye rakhanA Ayukarma kA svabhAva hai / AtmA ko kisa zarIra meM kitanI kAlAvadhi taka rahanA hai yaha nizcaya karanA isakA kArya hai / cAra gatiyoM kI dRSTi se isake cAra bheda haiM-(1) narakAyu-jisa karmodaya se jIva narakoM meM dIrghakAla taka rahatA hai use narakAyu kahate haiM / (2) triryaJcAyu-triryaJcagati meM Tike rahane ke nimitta karma pudgala / (3) manuSyAyu-manuSyagati meM Tike rahane ke nimittabhUta karma pudgala / (4) devAyudevagati meM Tike rahane ke nimittabhUta karma pudgala / 6. nAmakarma-nArakI, pazu, manuSya, deva Adi rUpa nAma rakhanA nAmakarma kA svabhAva hotA hai| AtmA ko vibhinna zarIrAvayava rUpa utpanna karane vAle karma ko bhI nAmakarma kahate haiN| jaise koI citrakAra vibhinna raMgoM se vibhinna citra banAtA hai ThIka vaise hI nAmakarma vibhinna paramANuoM se jIvoM ke zarIra kI racanA karatA hai| zubha nAmakarma se acchI gati, sundara zarIra Adi prApta hote haiM tathA azubha nAma karma se nIcagati, kurUpa zarIra Adi prApta hote haiM / isakI bayAlisa piNDa prakRtiyA~ haiM / gati, jAti, zarIra, bandhana, saMghAta, saMsthAna, saMhanana, AMgopAMga, varNa, rasa, gandha, sparza, AnupUrvI, agurulaghu, upaghAta, paraghAta, ucchvAsa, Atapa, udyota, vihAyogati, sthAvara, trasa, bAdara, sUkSma, paryApta, aparyAptaka, sAdhAraNa, pratyeka, sthira, asthira, zubha, azubha, subhaga, dubhaMga, Adeya, anAdeya, susvara, duHsvara, yazaHkIrti, ayazaHkIrti, nirmANa (nimAna) aura tIrthaMkara / ' ina bayAlisa bhedoM meM eka-eka kI apekSA se nAmakarma ke tirAnaveM bheda hote haiM / . 1. mohaNIyaM ca / dasaNacarittamohaM-mUlAcAra 12 / 189. 2. NirayAU tiriyAU mANusadevANa hoti AuNI / mUlAcAra 12 / 193. 3. vahI, 12 / 193-196 /

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jaina siddhAnta : 521 7. gotra-jisake kAraNa ucca tathA nIca kula meM janma hotA hai vaha gotra karma hai / isake do bheda haiM : ucca tathA nIca / ' zubha gotra karma ke udaya se ucca gotra milatA hai tathA azubha gotra karma ke udaya se nIca gotra milatA hai| 8. antarAya-dAnAdi kArya meM vighna upasthita karane vAle karma ko arthAt abhISTa kI upalabdhi meM bAdhA pahu~cAne vAle karma ko antarAya kahate haiM / yaha karma rAjA ke bhaNDArI kI taraha hotA hai / arthAt yadi kisI rAjA kI dAna dene kI icchA hote hue bhI bhaNDArI kisI na kisI bahAne se dAna nahIM dene detA vaise hI yaha karma zubha kAryoM meM vighna upasthita karatA hai / dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga aura vorya-ina pAMcoM meM antarAya upasthita karane se isake pAMca bheda hote haiM--(1) dAnAntarAya, (2) lAbhAntarAya, ( 3 ) bhogAntarAya, (4) upabhogAntarAya aura (5) vIryAntarAya / vastutaH AtmA ke ATha guNa mAne jAte haiM-jJAna, darzana, sukha, kSAyikasamyaktva, aTala avagAhana, amUrtikatA, agurUlaghutA evaM labdhi---ina ATha guNoM ko kramazaH jJAnAvaraNAdi ATha karma AvRta karate haiM / __ jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya-ye cAra dhAtiyAkarma AtmA ke jJAna, darzana aura zakti guNoM ko AvRta karate haiM tathA AtmA kI sahajatA ko prakaTa nahIM hote dete / ina cAroM meM mohanIya karma sabase prabala hai jaba taka yaha samApta nahIM hotA taba taka isase karmabandhana kA pravAha satat calatA rahatA hai / yahI karma saMsAra paribhramaNa kA mukhya kAraNa hone se saba karmoM meM pradhAna hai| isako prabalatA ko vedanIya, Ayu, nAma aura gotra-ye cAra aghAtiyA karma AtmA kI sahajatA aura nirmalatA kI upalabdhi meM bAdhaka nahIM banate ataH samaya kI paripakvatA ke sAtha hI ye apanA phala dekara sahaja hI alaga ho jAte haiM / ye bhune hue cane kI taraha haiM jinameM naye karmoM kI utpAdana kSamatA nahIM hotii| ataH ye karma paramparA kA pravAha banAye rakhane meM asamartha hote haiN| kundakundAcArya ne kahA hai ki jo jIva saMsAra meM sthita haiM unake rAga aura dveSa rUpa pariNAma hote haiM / pariNAmoM se naye karma ba~dhate haiN| karmoM se gatiyoM meM janma lenA par3atA hai, janma lene se zarIra hotA hai, zarIra se indriyA~ hotI hai, indriyoM se viSayoM kA grahaNa hotA hai tathA viSayoM ke grahaNa se rAga-dveSa rUpa pariNAma hote haiN| isa 1. uccANiccAgodaM--mUlAcAra 12 / 997. 2. .."dANaM lAbhaMtarAya bhogo ya / paribhogo viriyaM ceva aMtarAyaM ca paMcavihaM // -vahI, 12 / 19..

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522 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prakAra saMsArarUpI cakra meM par3e hue jIva ke bhAvoM se karma aura karma ke bhAva hote rahate haiM / yaha pravAha abhavya jIvoM kI apekSA anAdi ananta hai aura bhavya jIva kI apekSA sAdi mAtra hai / " karma siddhAnta aura sRSTi prakriyA isa prakAra jIva kI kriyA ke sAtha paudgalika karmabandhana ke isa siddhAnta kI mAnyatA jaina dharma kI apanI advitIya dena hai jo anyatra durlabha hai / vastutaH jainadharma sRSTi ke kartRtva siddhAnta ko nahIM maantaa| usakI apanI mAnyatA hai ki yaha vizva anAdi aura ananta hai / ise kisI ne na to banAyA hai aura na isakA koI saMhAraka hI hai / yaha to svAbhAvika prakriyA hai / jIva, pudgala ( ajIva ) dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla - ina chaha dravyoM meM se jIva aura pudgala ina do dravyoM kA saMyoga-viyoga hamezA hotA hI rahatA hai / isI kA nAma saMsAra hai / jaina dharma kI yaha mAnyatA vijJAna sammata bhI hai / 7. saMvara : karmAgamana rUpa dvAra jisase rokA jAya arthAt jina pariNAmoM se karmoM kA Agamana ruka jAtA hai use saMvara kahate haiM / vastutaH saMvara kAhetu nirodha hai aura yaha saMvara Asrava kA pratipakSI hai / Asrava karma grAhaka avasthA hai tathA saMvara karma nirodhaka avasthA | isIlie karma kA nirodha karane vAlI, karma kA praveza rokane vAlI AtmA kI avasthA kA nAma saMdara hai / ayatnAcArI pramAdI jIva krodhAdi ke dvArA karmoM kA Asrava karatA rahatA hai kintu apramAdI vidvAn krodhAdi ke pratipanI kSamAdi guNoM ke dvArA Asrava rUpa karmAgamana ko roka detA hai / ve mithyAtva rUpa Asrava ke dvAra ko samyaktva rUpI dRr3ha kapAToM tathA hiMsAdi rUpa karmAgamana ke dvAra ko ahiMsAdi dRr3ha mahAvrata rUpa phalakoM se baMda kara dete haiM / mithyAtva avirati kaSAya aura yoga-ye cAra karmAgamana ke kAraNa haiM kintu inhIM se jina karmoM kA Asrava hotA hai una karmoM kA Agamana samyagdarzana, virati pariNAma, kaSAya- nigraha aura yoga-nirodha se nahIM hotA hai| 4 J 1. paMcAstikAya gAthA 128-130. 2. karmAgamanadvAraM saMvRNotIti saMvaraNamAtraM vA saMvaro'pUrvakarmAgamana nirodhaHmUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 6. 3. mUlAcAra 5143,42. 4. micchattA viradIhi ya kasAyajogehi jaM ca Asavadi / daMsaNaviramaNaNiggaha NirodhaNehi Netu NAsavadi || vahI 5 / 44. isa

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jaina siddhAnta : 523 prakAra Asrava se naye-naye karma praviSTa hote rahate haiM kintu saMvara se navIna karmoM kA praveza ruka jAtA hai| tattvArthasUtrakAra ne bhI kahA hai AsravadvAra kA nirodha karanA saMvara hai| 8. nirjarA: jisase pUrvabaddha karmapradeza nirjarita hote haiM vaha nirjarA hai| karmoM kA jhar3anA (khiranA) arthAt jIva (AtmA) se saMbaddha karma pradezoM kI hAni kA nAma nirjarA hai| pUrvakRta karmoM kA thor3A-thor3A alaga honA bhI nirjarA hai / isa prakAra zubha yoga kI pravRtti se hone vAlI AtmA kI AMzika ujjvalatA kA nAma nirjarA hai| nirjarA ke do bheda hai-vipAka nirjarA tathA avipAka nirjarA / / jaise vanaspatiphala yogyakAla meM pakakara gira jAte haiM vaise hI yogya kAla meM karma kA udaya hokara jo nirjarA hotI hai vaha vipAkajA nirjarA kahalAtI hai tathA jaise puruSa prayatna ke dvArA samaya se pahale hI phala ko pakA letA hai vaise hI tapazcaraNAdika upAyoM se apakva karmoM ko bhI pakAkara usakA ekadeza naSTa honA aviyAka nirjarA hai| ise aupakramika nirjarA bhI kahate haiN| 9. mokSa : samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra rUpa ratnatraya ko mokSa kA mArga mAnA gayA hai| ina tInoM kI pUrNatA hone para AtmA karmoM se mukta hokara pUrNa vizuddha hotA hai| ataH jIva kI svAbhAvika zuddha avasthA ke prakaTa hone ko hI mokSa kahate haiN| isalie karmabaMdhana se sadA ke lie mukti ko mokSa kahA hai / sampUrNa rUpa se karmabandha ke kAraNoM kA abhAva tathA karmakSaya hone rUpa nirjarA ke kAraNa pUrNarUpa se karmoM kA kSaya honA mokSa hai / rAgI jIva (rAga-dveSa dvArA) karmoM ko bA~dhatA hai aura jaba vaha sakala karmoM se rahita arthAt vItarAgatA se 1. AsravanirodhaH saMvaraH-tatvArtha sUtra 9 / 1. 2. (ka) nirjaraNaM nirjarayatyanayA vA nirjarA jIvalagnakarmapradezahAni : -mUlAcAra vRtti 5 / 6. (kha) puvakadakammasaDaNaM tu NijjarA-bha0 A0 1847. 3-4. mUlAcAra 5 / 48.

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524 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sampanna ho jAtA hai taba use mokSa prApta hotA hai| mithyAdarzana, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ina karma-bandha ke kAraNoM kA abhAva ho jAne se tathA saMcita karmoM kI nirjarA se samasta karmoM kA Atyantika abhAva (kSaya) honA hI mokSa hai| AcArya pUjyapAda ke anusAra jaba AtmA karmamala-kalaMka aura zarIra ko apane se sarvathA alaga kara detA hai taba usake jo acintya svAbhAvika jJAnAdi guNa rUpa aura avyAbAdha sukha rUpa sarvathA vilakSaNa avasthA utpanna hotI hai use mokSa kahate haiM / akalaMkadeva ne kahA hai ki samyagdarzanAdi kAraNoM se sampUrNa karmoM kA Atyantika mUloccheda honA mokSa hai| jisa prakAra bandhana meM par3A huA prANI jaMjIra Adi se chUTakara svatantratA pUrvaka yatheccha gamana karate hue sukhI hotA hai, usI prakAra samasta karma baMdhanoM se mukta hokara AtmA svAdhIna ho apane ananta jJAna-darzana rUpa anupama sukha kA anubhava karatA hai|" vastutaH mokSa sAdhya hai aura saMvara-nirjarA sAdhana haiM kyoMki saMvara ho jAne para jo pUrva saMcita karma haiM ve apanA rasa dekara AtmA se alaga ho jAte haiM aura naye karma Ate nahIM, aisI avasthA meM mukti prApti svAbhAvika hai / eka bAra karma baMdhana se AtmA alaga ho pAtA hai to phira sadA ke lie vaha karmabaMdhana se mukta rahatA hai| isIlie mukti ko AtmA kA carama puruSArtha kahA hai| vastutaH mukti kA prArambha to hotA hai para anta nahIM hotA isIlie vaha ananta hai / upasaMhAra : isa prakAra nava tatvoM (padArthoM) meM jIva aura ajIva ye do mukhya tatva haiN| inhIM do ke vistAra se nava tattvoM kI gaNanA hotI hai| kyoMki mokSa sAdhana ke rahasya ko batalAne ke lie ina nava padArthoM kA bheda Avazyaka hai| inameM prathama jIva aura antima mokSa tatva hai| ina donoM tattvoM ke sAtha hI anya tattvoM ke bhedoM meM to mokSa kI sAdhaka tathA bAdhaka avasthAoM kA vivecana hai| sAdhaka tatva to spaSTa haiM kintu bAdhaka tatva 1. rAgI baMdhai kammaM muccai jIvo virAga saMpaNNo / eso jiNovaeso samAsado baMdhamokkhANaM // mUlAcAra 5 / 50. 2. (ka) bandhahetvabhAva nirjarAbhyAM kRtsnakarmavipramokSo mokSa:-tattvArthasUtra 10 / 2. (kha) abhAvAdbandhahetUnAM baddhanijaMrayA tathA / katsnakarmapramokSo hi mokSa ityabhidhIyate / / tatvArthasAra 812. 3. niravazeSanirAkRtakamamala-kalaMkasyAzarIrasyAtmano'cintyasvAbhAvikajJAnAdi - guNamavyAbAdhasukhamAtyantikamavasthAntaraM mokSa iti / sarvArthasiddhi 1 / 1. utthAnikA pRSTha 1. 4. kRtsnakarmaviyoga lakSaNomokSaH-tattvArthavArtika 1 / 4 / 20 pRSTha 27.

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jaina siddhAnta : 525 mukhyataH acaitanya svarUpa vAlA ajIva tatva hai / yaha jIva kA virodhI hai / puNya, pApa evaM bandha - ye tInoM jIva ke dvArA hone vAlI ajIva kI avasthAyeM haiM, jo AtmA ke mukta hone meM bAdhaka haiN| Asrava tatva bhI mukti meM bAdhaka hai / saMvara aura nirjarA tattva AtmA kI avasthA hai aura sAdhaka bhI haiM / mokSa AtmA kA vAstavika svarUpa hai / khAna se nikale hue svarNa pASANa meM jaise svarNa ke atirikta miTTI Adi vijAtIya vastue~ hotI haiM / use agni ke dvArA dagdha kiyA jAtA hai, taba vaha zuddha svarNa rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai / usI prakAra karmoM kI azuddhatA ko dUra karane ke lie AtmA ko tapAdi se tapta karate haiM, taba AtmA vizuddha hokara mukti prApta karatA hai / " kahA bhI hai- saba indriyoM ko susamAhita kara AtmA kI satat rakSA karanI cAhie / arakSita AtmA jAti-patha (janma-maraNa ) ko prApta hotA hai aura surakSita AtmA saba duHkhoM se mukta ho jAtA hai / " isa taraha vijAtIya dravya se sambandha chUTakara AtmA ke nirmala Atma-svarUpa meM sthita ho jAnA hI mokSa hai / nirvANa, paramapada, ziva, siddhagati, 3 paMcamagati Adi mokSa paryAya ke hI anyAnya nAma haiM / 1. mUlAcAra 5 / 46. 2. appA khalu sayayaM rakkhiyavvo, savviMdiehi susamAhi ehiM / arakkhio jAipahaM uvei, surakkhio savvaduhANa muccai || 3. mUlAcAra 91105. 33 - dazavaikAlika cUlikA 2016.

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sahAyaka-grantha-sUcI aMgasuttANi-bhAga 1, 2, 3, saM0-muni nathamala, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, vi0 saM0 2031. adhyAtma amRta-kalaza-paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI, zrI caMdraprabha di0 jaina maMdira, kaTanI (ma0 pra0) 1981. anagAra dharmAmRta-paM0 AzAdhara, mANikacandra di0 jaina granthamAlA, bambaI 1919. anagAra dharmAmRta- , anu0 10 khUbacandra jaina, zrutabhaNDAra va grantha prakAzana samiti, phalaTana, vI0 saM0 2481. anagAra dharmAmRta-jJAnapradIpikA svopajJa TIkA, saMpA0 evaM anu0-60 kailAzacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1977. anuyogadvAra sUtra-AryarakSita, Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, 1924. antakRdazAMga sUtra-vyA0 AtmArAmajI, AtmArAma jaina prakAzana samiti ludhi yAnA, vI0 saM0 2496. abhidhAna rAjendra koza-vijayarAjendra sUrIzvara, jaina zve0 saMgha, ratalAma 1913-14. amitagati zrAvakAcAra-di0 jaina pustakAlaya, sUrata, vI0 saM0 2484. aSTaka prakaraNa-haribhadrasUri. aSTa prAbhRta-A0 kundakunda (isake antargata-daMsaNa, sutta, cAritta, bodha, bhAva, mokkha, liMga, sIla-ye ATha pAhuDa haiM) prakA0-paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa, 1969. aSTa pAhuDa-anantakIrti granthamAlA, bambaI, 1916. aSTAMga-hRdayam-vAgbhaTa, vyA0 50 lAlacanda vaidya, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, vArANasI 1963. Aura paccakkhANa paiNNA-(ArAdhanAsAra ke antargata saMkalita) vIrabhadra maharSi prakA-vijayasiddhisUri granthamAlA, bIlImorA ( gujarAta ) vI. saM0 2467. Agama zabdakoza-saM0 yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU 1980. AcArya kundakunda aura unakA samayasAra-DaoN0 lAlabahAdura zAstrI, cA~damala sarAvagI TrasTa, gauhATI, 1976.

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sahAyaka-grantha-sUcI : 527 AcArya dharmasAgara abhivandana grantha-saM0 dharmacandra zAstrI, zrI di0 jaina navayuvaka maNDala, kalakattA, 1981. AcArya bhikSu smRti grantha-jaina zve0 te0 mahAsabhA, kalakattA, 1962. AcArasAra-vIranandi siddhAnta cakravartI, mANikacandra di0 jaina granthamAlA bambaI vi0 saM0 1974. AcArAMga cUrNi-jinadAsa gaNi, RSabhadAsa kezarImala saMsthA, ratalAma, 1941. AcArAMga sUtra-vyA0 AtmArAmajI, AtmArAma jaina pra0 samiti, ludhiyAnA, 1963. AcArAMga TIkA-zIlAMkAcArya, siddhacakra sAhitya pracAraka samiti, sUrata, 1935. AcArAMga-hindI chAyAnuvAda, saM0 gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela, zve0 sthA0 __ jaina kAnphrensa, bambaI, 1938. AtmAnuzAsana-A0 guNabhadra, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, vi0 saM0 2018. AdipurANa-jinasenAcArya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI 1963. AptaparIkSA (saTIka)-AcArya vidyAnanda, saM0-50 darabArI lAla koThiyA, vIra sevA mandira, sarasAvA, 1949. AptamImAMsA (devAgama)-samantabhadrAcArya, anu0 paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra, vIra sevA mandira TrasTa, dillI, 1967. AptamImAMsA tattvadIpikA-anu0 pro0 udayacanda jaina, gaNeza varNI di0 jaina saMsthAna, vArANasI, vI0 ni0 saM0 2501. AyAro-vAcanA-pramukha AcArya tulasI, jaina vizvabhAratI,lADana, 1974. AyAro taha AyAracUlA , jaina zve0 terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA 1967. ArAdhanAsAra-devasenAcArya, saM0 TI0-ratnakIrtideva, jainadharmazAlA, prayAga, 1967. ArAdhanAsAra-vIrabhadra maharSi, zrIvijayasiddhisUri granthamAlA, bIlImorA (guja rAta) vI0 saM0 2467. AvazyakacUNi--(bhAga 1-2) jinadAsagaNi, RSabhadeva kezarImala saMsthA, __ratalAma, 1928. Avazyaka niyukti-A0 bhadrabAhu, malayagirivRtti sahita, Agamodaya samiti, bambaI 1928. Avazyakaniyukti-hAribhadrIyavRtti, Avazyaka niyukti dIpikA-(1-2 vibhAga) niyuktiyuta, bhASyakalita zrIvijayadAna sarIzvara jaina granthamAlA, 1939,

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528 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana AvazyakasUtra-vyA0 amolakaRSi, haidarAbAda sikandarAvAda jaina saMgha, 2446. aupapAtika sUtra-prakA0-bhUrAmala kAlidAsa, sUrata vi0 saM0 1994. aupapAtika sUtra-abhayadeva sUrI vRtti, devacanda lAlabhAI pustakoddhAraka phaNDa, sUrata, 1937. oghaniyukti-droNAcArya vRtti sahita, Agamodaya samiti, mehasAnA, 1919. uttarajjhayaNANi-bhAga 1-2, saM0 muni nathamala, jaina zve0 te0 mahAsabhA, kala kattA 1967. uttarAdhyayana vRtti-nemicandrakRta sukhabodhAvRtti, Atmaballabha granthAvalI balAd, ahamadAbAda, 1937. uttarAdhyayana vRhadvRtti-bhadrabAhukRta niyukti, zAntisUrikRta ziSyahitA bRhad vRtti sahita, prakA0-devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, bambaI 1916-17. uttarAdhyayana sUtra-jaina pustakoddhAra samiti, sUrata, 1916. uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana-DaoN0 sudarzanalAla jaina, pAzvanAtha vidyAzrama __ zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI-1977. uttara pradeza meM bauddha dharma kA vikAsa-DaoN0 nalinAkSa datta, ke0 DI0 bAjapeyI, uttara pradeza sarakAra prakAzana vyUro, lakhanaU 1956.. / upAsakadasAMga sUtra-saM0 va anu0 (aMgrejI meM) ena0 e0 gore, oriyanTala buka ejensI, pUnA 1953. uvavAIsutta-anu0-muni umezacanda aNu, a0 bhA0 sAdhumArgI jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha zailAnA (ma0 pra0) 1963 . uvavAIsutta-anu0 amolaka RSi, jaina zAstroddhAra, sikaMdarAvAda, 2446. uvAsakadasAo-saM0 madhukara muni, Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara 1980 I0 ekAdazopaniSad-saM0 satyavrata vidyAlaMkAra, vijayakRSNa lakhanapAla eNDa kampanI, __deharAdUna. ethikala DaoNkTinsa ina jainijma-DA~0 ke0 sI0 sogAnI, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura 1967. e hisTrI Apha iNDiyana liTrecara (bhAga 2)-DA0 morIsa vinTaraniTja, kalakattA vizvavidyAlaya, 1933. e hisTrI Apha da kanAnikala liTrecara Apha da jainsa-hI0 ra0 kApar3iyA, hI0 rA0 saMkar3IserI, gopIpurA, sUrata, 1941.

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sahAyaka-grantha-sUcI : 529 kalpasamarthanam-pUrvatanAcArya, RSabhadeva kezarImala saMsthA ratalAma, vI0 saM0 2464. kalpasUtra-prakA0 sArAbhAI maNilAla nabAba, ahamadAbAda, 1941. kalpasUtra-kalpalatA vyAkhyA-prakA0-velajI zivajI kampanI, dANAbandara, bambaI, 1918. kalpasUtra TIkA-pUjya ghAsIlAla jI mahArAja kRta kalpamaMjarI TIkA, prakA0-10 bhA0 zve sthAnakavAsI jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, 1958 kaSAya pAhuDa : jayadhavalA TIkA sahita-prakA0 bhA0 di0 jaina saMgha granthamAlA, mathurA, 1944. kasAya-pAhuDasutta-bha0 guNadharAcArya, vIrazAsana saMgha, kalakattA, 1955. kArtikeyAnuprekSA-prakA0-zrImad rAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA, agAsa, vI0 saM0 2486. kAtikeyAnuprekSA-anu0 paM0 mahendrakumAra pATanI, vItarAga vijJAna prakAzinI, granthamAlA, khaNDavA 1974. kundakunda prAbhRtasaMgraha-saM0 paM0 kailAzacanda zAstrI, jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA, solApura, 1960. kundakunda bhAratI-saM0-50 pannAlAla sA. AcArya, zrutabhaNDAra va graMtha prakAzana ___ samiti, phalaTana, 1970. kauTilIya arthazAstram -rAmateja zAstrI, kAzI, saM0 2000. / , gacchAcAra payannA-pUrvAcArya, zrI bhUpendrasUri jaina sA0 samiti AhauMra, gaNezaprasAda varNI smRti grantha-saM0-50 pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, a0bhA0 di0 jaina vidvat' pariSad, sAgara, 1974. guru gopAladAsa varaiyA smRti grantha-a0 bhA0 di0 jaina vidvat pariSad, sAgara, 1967. gommaTasAra karmakANDa-paM0 manoharalAla kRta vRtti-paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, bambaI, 1913. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) anu0-50 khUbacanda jaina, paramazru ta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa 1959. gommaTasAra--(jIvakANDa)-bhA0 jaina si0 prakAzanI saMsthA, kalakattA. gommaTasAra-jIvakANDa-karmakANDa, (cAra bhAgoM meM) jIvatattvapradIpikA TIkA saM0-60 kailAzacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1979. sapa

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530 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana caMdagavijjhaM paiNNayaM-zrI kesaravAI jJAnamaMdira C/o nagInabhAI hAla pATaNa (u0 gu0) 1941. catuHzaraNa sUtra-Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1983. candAbAI (bra0 paM0) abhinandana grantha -a0bhA0 di0 jaina mahilA pariSada, ArA 1954. candrasAgara smRtigrantha-pra0 saM0-AyikA supArzvamatI, pra0-mizrIlAla bAkalI ___vAla, gauhATI, vI0 ni0 saM0 2502. caraNAnuyoga-pravezikA-paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, vIrasevA mandira TrasTa, vArANasI, 1974. cAritra cakravartI-paM0 sumeracanda divAkara, dezabhUSaNa granthamAlA, kothalI, 1972. cAritrapAhuDa-mANika candra di0 jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1977. cAritraprakAza-dhanamuni (prathama), zrI jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI sabhA, bAlotarA (rAjasthAna) vi0 saM0 2023. cAritrabhakti-(kundakunda bhAratI ke antargata "bhakti saMgraha") cAritrasAra-cAmuNDarAya, mA0 ca0 di0 jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1974. chAndogyopaniSad-gItA presa, gorakhapura, vi0 saM0 2013. jayadhavalA sahitaM kasAyapAhuDaM-(bhAga 1)saM0-50 phUlacanda jI zAstrI, bhA0 di0 jainasaMgha, caurAsI, mathurA, 1944, jinaratnakoza-haridAmodara velaNakara, prakA0 bhaNDArakara prAcya vidyA va zodha maMdira, pUnA 1944 I0 jinasahasranAma-zruta sAgarIyaTIkA, saM0-50 hIrAlAla si0 zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1944. jItakalpasUtra-jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa , jaina sAhitya saM0 samiti ahamadAbAda, 1536. jItakalpabhASya-svopajJa bhASyasahita-jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa, prakA0 zrI bAlacaMdra kezavalAla modI, ahamadAbAda vI0 ni0 saM0 2464. jIva-ajIva-muni nathamala jI pra0-jaina zve0 te. mahAsabhA, kalakattA, 2475. jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja-DA0 jagadIzacandra jaina, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 1965. jaina AcAra-DA0 mohanalAla mehatA, pAzvanAtha vidyAzrama vArANasI, 1966.

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sahAyaka-grantha-sUcI : 51 jainAgama nirdezikA-muni kanhaiyAlAla, Agama anuyoga prakAzana, dillI, jaina tattvamImAMsA-paM0 phUlacandrazAstrI, azoka prakAzana maMdira bhadainI, vaaraannsii| jaina thyorIja Apha riyaliTI eNDa naoNleja-vAI0 je0 padmarAjiha, jaina sAhitya vikAsa maNDala, bambaI 1963. jainadarzana--paM0 mahendra kumAra, ga0 varNI jaina granthamAlA, kAzI, 1955. jainadarzana manana aura mImAMsA-muni nathamala, saM0 muni dulaharAja, Adarza sAhitya . saMgha, curu, 1973. jainadharma-paM0 kailAzacanda zAstrI, bhA0 di0 jaina saMgha mathurA, 1955. jainadharma meM tapa-mizrImala jI mahArAja, pra0-marudhara kesarI sAhitya prakAzana samiti. jainadharmAmRta-saM0-50 hIrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1965. jainadharmasAra-sarvasevAsaMgha, vArANasI 1974. jainadharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 1, paM0 balabhadra jaina, pra0-kezarIcanda zrIcandra cAvalavAle, dillI vI0 ni0 saM0 2500. jainadharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2, paM0 paramAnanda jaina, prakA0-ramezacanda jaina moTara vAle, dillI, vI0 ni0 saM0 2500. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana-bhAga 1-2. le0 DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura-1982. jainijma ina naoNrtha iNDiyA-sI0 je0 zAha, laoNgamaina grIna eNDa kaM0 laMdana, 1932. jainijma di olDesTa liviMga rilIjana-DaoN. jyoti prasAda jaina, jaina kalcara __ sosAiTI, vArANasI 1951. jaina lakSaNAvalI-bhAga 1, 2, 3, saM0 bAlacandra siddhAntazAstrI, vIra sevA mandira, dillI, 1972-73-79. jaina vyU Apha lAipha-TI0 jI kalaghaTagI, jaina saM0 saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura jaina sAikolaoNjI-DA0 mohanalAla mehatA, jainadharma pracAraka samiti banArasa jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa-paM0 nAthUrAma premI, hindI grantha ratnAkara, bambaI, 1956.

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532 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza -prathama khaNDa, jugalakizora mukhtAra, vIra sevA maMdira, dillI, 1956. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa-(pUrvapIThikA)-60 kailAzacanda zAstrI, varNI jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI, vI0 ni0 saM0 2489. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa-(bhAga 1,2,3,4,5 evaM 6) prakAzaka-pArzva nAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, jainendra siddhAnta koza-(bhAga 1-4)-kSu0 jinendra varNI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1970-72. jaina siddhAnta bola saMgraha (bhaaH| 1-8)-saM0 bhairavadAna seThiyA, jaina pAramArthika __ saMsthA bIkAnera, vo0 saM0 2471-75 / jJAna-koza-saM0 bAbU dhanakumAracandra jaina, pra0 rozanalAla jaina bukaselara, sarasvatI sadana, ArA, vi0 saM0 1993. jJAtAdharmakathA-trilokaratna sthA0 jaina dhArmika parIkSA borDa, pAtharDI, 1964. jJAnapITha pUjAJjali-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1969. jJAnasAra-padmasiMha muni, bhA0 di0 jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1975. jJAnArNava--zubhacandrAcArya, paramazru ta prabhAvaka maMDala, bambaI, 1927. ThANaM-vAcanA pramukha A0 zrI tulasI, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanU, 1976. ThANAMga sutta-vyAkhyA-amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda-sikandarAbAda jaina saMgha, 2446. tattvasamuccaya-saM0 DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina, pra0 jamanAlAla jaina, bhA0 jaina mahA ___ maMDala, vardhA, 1955. tattvArthAdhigama bhASya-umAsvAti, de0 lA0 jaina pustakoddhAraka phaMDa, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1982-86. tattvArthavArtika-bhAga 1-2, akalaMkadeva, saM0 paM0 mahendrakumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1944. tattvArthazlokavAtika-saM0-50 manoharalAla, gAMdhI nAthAraMga jaina granthamAlA, ___nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI, 1918. tattvArthasAra-amRtacandrAcArya, ga0 varNI graMthamAlA, vArANasI, 1970. tattvArthasUtra-paM0 sukhalAla saMghavIkRta vivecanA, jaina saMskRti saM0 maNDala, vArANasI, 1952. tattvArthasUtra-saM0-50 phUlacandra zAstrI, ga0 varNI jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI, 2476.

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sahAyaka-grantha sUcI : 533 tattvArthasUtra-saM0-60 kailAzacandra zAstrI bhA0 di0 jaina saMgha, mthuraa| tiloyapaNNatti (bhAga 1-2)--yativRSabhAcArya, saM0-DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, DA0 hIrAlAla jaina, jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA, solApura, 1943. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA-bhAga 1-2-3 DA0 nemicandra jyotiSAcArya, a0 bhA0 di0 jaina vidvat pariSad, sAgara, 1974. turIyAtItopaniSad. taittarIya upaniSad--(108 upaniSad) saM0 vA0 la0 zAstrI. pra0 pANDaraMga jAvajI, bambaI 1932. trilokasAra-nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI, mA0 di0 jai0 graMthamAlA, bambaI, vI0 saM02444. dasaNa pAhuDa-aSTa pAhuDa ke antargata. dattAtreya sahasranAma. darzana aura cintana-khaNDa do, paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, mukhya saM0-50 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA, prakA0 paM0 sukhalAlajI sammAna samiti ahamadAbAda, 1957. dazavaiAliyaM-saM0-muni nathamala, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU 1974. dazavaikAlika-agatsyasiMha cUNi (dasaveAliyaM, prakA0 jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU se sAbhAra uddhRta). dazave kAlika eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana-A0 tulasI, jaina zve0 terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, vi0 saM0 2023. dazavakAlikacUrNi-jinadAsagaNi, de0 lA0 javerI, sUrata, 1933. dazavakAlikaniyukti-bhadrabAhu dvitIya kRta, de0 lA0 jaina pustakoddhAraka bhaNDAra, baMbaI, 1918. dazavakAlika sUtra-anu0 ghevaracanda bAMThiyA, a0 bhA0 sAdhumArgI saMgha, sailAnA, 1964. dazavaikAlika haribhadrIya vRtti-jaina pustakoddhAra phaMDa, baMbaI, 1918. dazAzrutaskandha--saM0 anu0-AtmArAma mahArAja, jaina zAstramAlA, lAhaura, 1936. digambara muni--AryikA jJAnamatI, di0 jaina triloka zodha saMsthAna, hastinApura vI0 ni0 saM0 2507. digambaratva aura digambara muni-bAbU kAmatAprasAda jaina, di0 jaina samAja, amIragaMja, 1970. dIghanikAya pAli-(1 sIlakkhandhavaggo) pradhAna saMpA0-bhikkhu jagadIza kazyapa, vihAra rAjakIya pAli prakAzana maNDala, nAlandA 1958.

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534 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana dIghanikAya-anuvAda-rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, 1936. daulatarAma kriyAkoza-jaina sAhitya prakAzana kAryAlaya, baMbaI, 1918. dravyasaMgraha-nemicandra si0 cakra0, jaina hitaiSI pustakAlaya, baMbaI, 1908. dvAdazAnuprekSA (bArasaaNuvekkhA)-A0 kundakunda, mA0 ca0 di0 jaina granthamAlA bambaI, vi0 saM0 1977. dhammapada-dharmarakSita, mA0 khelAr3IlAla enDa saMsa, banArasa, 1953. dharmarasika (traivaNikakAcAra)-somasena bhaTTAraka, anu0 paM0 pannAlAla sonI, jaina sAhitya prasAraka kAryAlaya giragAMva bambaI, vo0 saM0 2491. dharmasaMgraha (zrAvakAcAra)-medhAvI paNDita, (zrAvakAcAra saMgraha-bhAga 2 ke antargata) zAntisAgara jinavANI saMsthA, phalaTana 1976. dharmasaMgrahaNI-haribhadrasUri, R0 ke0 zve0 saMsthA, ratalAma, 1928. dhavalA- (SaTkhaNDAgama kI TIkA) bhAga 1-6-A0 vIrasena, saM0 hIrAlAla jaina, pra0-sitAvarAya lakhamIcanda jaina sA0 phaNDa amarAvatI, 1939-58. dhyAnazataka-jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa, vRttikAra-haribhadrasUrI, pra0-vinayabhakti sundara caraNa granthamAlA, jAmanagara 1940. nandisUtram-vyA0 ghAsIlAla mahArAja, a0 bhA0 zve0 sthA0 samiti, rAjakoTa 1958. navapadArtha-A0 bhikkhu, anu0 zrIcandra rAmapuriyA, jai0 zve0 te0 mahAsabhA, kalakattA, 1961. nayacakra-saM0 paM0 kailAzacanda zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1971. nArada zikSAnArada-paribrAjakopaniSad / nATyazAstra-bharata muni, caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja, banArasa 1929. niyamasAra-A0 kundakunda, saM0-50 ajitaprasAda, ajitAzrama lakhanaU, 1931. niyamasAra vRtti-jaina grantha ratnAkara, bambaI, 1926. nizItha eka adhyayana-paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA. nizItha sUtra-vyA0-amolaka RSi, hai0 si0 jaina saMgha, vI0 saM0 2446. nizItha bhASya-cUNi-jinadAsa gaNi, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA 1957-60. nItisAra-indranandi bhaTTAraka, mA0 di0 jaina granthamAlA bambaI, vi. saM. 1975. nItivAkyAmRta-somadevasUri, mA0 di0 jaina granthamAlA bambaI, vi0 saM0 1979.

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sahAyaka-grantha sUcI : 535 paMcasaMgraha (saMskRta)-amitagati sUri, mA0 di0 jaina granthamAlA bambaI, 1927. paMcasaMgraha (prAkRta)-ajJAta, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1967. paMcAdhyAyI-kavi rAjamalla, varNI granthamAlA, vArANasI, vI0 saM0 2476. paMcAzakAdi saMgraha-haribhadra sUri, zrI RSabhadeva kezarImala jaina zve0 saMsthA, ratalAma, 1928. paMcAstikAya-kundakundAcArya, paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa 1969. paMcavastuka-A0 haribhadrasUri, de0 lA0 jaina pustakoddhAra phaMDa, sUrata, 1927. padmanandi paMcaviMzatikA-jIvarAja granthamAlA, solApura, 1932. padmapurANa-raviSeNAcArya, bhAga 1-3, anu0 paM0 pannAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, vi0 saM0 2016. paramAtmaprakAza-yogendu deva, rAjacandra granthamAlA, agAsa, vi0 saM0 2017. piMgalasUtra-piMgalAcArya, kalakattA, 1928. picchi-kamaNDalu-muni vidyAnanda, seTha chadAmIlAla vimalakumAra phirojAbAda, 1967. piNDaniyukti-bhadrabAhu, malayAcArya vRtti, de0 lA0 jaina pu0 saMsthA, bambaI, 1918. pAima saddamahaNNavo-paM0 haragovindadAsa trikamacanda seTha, prAkRta grantha pariSad, vArANasI, 1963. pAtaJjala yogadarzana-saM0 zrInArAyaNa mizra, bhA0 vidyA prakAzana, vArANasI, 1972. pAli sAhitya kA itihAsa-bharatasiMha upAdhyAya, hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga, 1963. pAsaNAha cariyaM-devabhadrasUri, maNivijayagaNivara granthamAlA (saMkhyA 10) ___ahamadAbAda, 1945. puruSArtha siddhayupAya-A0 amRtacandra, paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala bambaI, vI0 ni0 saM0 2431. purAtana jaina vAkya sUcI-saM0 paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra, vIra sevA mandira dillI, saM0 2007. prajJApanA sUtra-Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, 1918-1919. prakAzita jaina sAhitya-jaina mitra maMDala, dharmapurA, dillI, 1958. prameyakramalamArtaNDa-prabhAcandrAcArya, saM0-60 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya, nirNaya ___ sAgara presa, 1941. I0

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536 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prameyakamala mArtaNDa - bhAga 1, anu0 - AryikA jinamatI, cerITebala TrasTa, dillI, 2504. lAlA musaddIlAla pravacana nirdezikA -- AryikA jJAnamatI, di0 jaina triloka zodha saMsthAna, hastinApura, 1977. pravacanasAra - tattvapradIpikA TIkA sahita saM0 DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, zrImadrAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA agAsa, 1964. pravacanasAra -- anu0 AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara jI prakA0 - mahAvIra prasAda sAMgAkA pATanI, kizanagaDha rainavAla 1971. pravacanasAra - hindI anu0 paM0 parameSThIdAsa, prakA0 vItarAga satsAhitya prasAraka TrasTa, bhAvanagara, caturthAvRtti vi0 saM0 2035. pravacanasAra - TIkA zrI amRtacandrAcAryaM kRta evaM jayasenAcArya kRta vRti, saM0 anu0 - ajitakumAra zAstrI evaM paM0 ratanacandra jI mukhtAra prakA0 0 - zAntivIranagara di0 jaina saMsthAna, zrImahAvIrajI ( rAjasthAna), vIra ni0 saM0 2495. praznavyAkaraNa - Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, 1919. prazamarati prakaraNa -- umAsvAti, paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, bambaI, 1950. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa - DaoN0 jagadIzacandra jaina, caukhambA vidyAbhavana vArANasI, 1961. prAyazcitta saMgraha - saM0 - paM0 pannAlAla sonI, mANikacandra di0 jaina graMthamAlA, bambaI, 2447. prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa- DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI, tArA pablikezaMsa vArANasI, 1966. bAbU choTelAla jaina smRti grantha - kalakattA 1967. buddha aura bauddha dharma-A0 caturasena zAstrI, buddhacarita -- dharmAnanda kausAmbI, navajIvana kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda, 1937. baudhAyana zrautasUtra -- caukhambA saMskRta sIrija, banArasa, 1934. bRhatkalpasUtra - vyaoN0 amolaka RSi, hai0 si0 jaina saMgha, vI0 saM0 1946. bauddhadharma ke paccIsa sau varSa - ( Ajakala kA vArSika aMka ) pablikezansa DivIjana olDa sekreTarieTa, dillI, 1960. bauddhadharma-darzana- ----A0 narandradeva, bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA, 1956. bRhadAraNyaka - gItA presa gorakhapura .

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sahAyaka-grantha-sUcI : 537 bRhat kalpasUtra (bhAga 1-4)-A0 bhadrabAhu, saM0-muni caturvijaya va puNyavijaya, ___ AtmAnaMda jaina graMtha ratnAkara, bhAvanagara, 1936. bRhad dravyasaMgraha--brahmadeva ta vRtti, anu0 paM0 manoharalAla zAstrI, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa, 1966. bhagavad gItA-saM0 kRSNapaMta zAstrI, acyuta granthamAlA kAryAlaya, kAzI vi0 saM0 1998. bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unakA tattvadarzana-saM0 AcArya zrI dezabhUSaNa jI. bhagavato ArAdhanA-AcArya zivArya, aparAjitasUri kRta vijayodayA TIkA, paM0 AzAdharakRta mUlArAdhanA darpaNa aura amitagati kRta saMskRta zloka sahita, hindI anu0-50 jinadAsa pArzvanAtha phar3akule, prakA0-svAmI devendra koti jaina granthamAlA, balAtkAragaNa jaina pablikezana sosA yaTI kAraMjA, 1935. bhagavatI ArAdhanA-saMpA0-sakhArAma doSI, solApura, 1935. bhagavatI ArAdhanA-bhAga 1-2, saM0-anu0-50 kailAzacandra zAstrI, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, 1978. bhagavatI sUtra (bhAga 1-7)-vyAkhyA-ghAsIlAla jI mahArAja, a0 bhA0 zve0 sthA0 jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, 1961-64. bhagavatIsUtra (vyAkhyA prajJapti)-abhayadevasUri vRtti sahita, R0 ke0 jaina zve0 ___ saMsthA, ratalAma, 1937. bhagavaI-jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanU, 1974. bhadrabAhu kriyAkoza-bhadrabAha, bhAratIya saMskRti ke vikAsa meM jaina-vAGamaya kA avadAna-DaoN0 nemicandra ___ zAstrI, prakA0-a0 bhA0 di0 jaina vidvatpariSad. sAgara, 1982. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna-DA0 hIrAlAla jaina, ma0 pra0 zAsana - sAhitya pariSad, bhopAla, 1962. bhAva pAhuDa-TIkA sahita, SaT prAbhRta ke antargata. bhAvasaMgraha-devasena sUri, mA0 di0 jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1978. bhikSu smRti graMtha-jaina zve0 terA0 mahAsabhA, kalakattA, 1962. bhikSukopaniSadmanusmRti--TIkA-paM0 janArdana jhA, hindI pustaka ejensI, kalakattA, vi0 saM0 1983. mahApurANa-jinasenAcArya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1951. mahAvagga-saM0 bhikSu jagadIza kazyapa, vihAra rAjakIya prakAzana maNDala, 1956.

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538 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana mahAbhArata-vedavyAsa, gItA presa gorakhapura / muNDakopaniSad-gItA presa gorakhapura / mUlasUtrANi-saM0 munizrI kanhaiyA lAla kamala, vyAvara / mUlAcAra--A0 vaTTakera, (prathama bhAga 1-7 adhikAra, A0 vasunandi viracita AcAravRtti sahita), paM0 pannAlAla sonI nyAyakAvyatIrtha tathA paM0 gajAdhara lAla dvArA sampAdita, prakA0 - maNikacandra digambara jaina grantha mAlA samiti hIrAbAga, giragA~va, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1977. mUlAcAra-(dvitIya bhAga 8-12 adhikAra), vahI, vi0 saM0 1980. mUlAcAra-A0 vaTTakera, anu0-saM0-50 manoharalAla zAstrI, muni ananta kIrti di0 jaina graMthamAlA, giragA~va, bambaI, vI0 ni0 saM0 2446. mUlAcAra-bhAga 1-2, hindI anuvAda-AryikAratna jJAnamatI jI, bhAratIya jJAna pITha, dillI, 1984-86. mUlAcAra-A0 kundakunda ( kRta mAnA jAne vAlA ), anu0 50 jinadAsa pArzvanAtha phar3akule, A0 zAntisAgara jaina grantha prakA0 samiti phalaTana, . 2484. mUlAcAra pradIpa-A0 sakalakIti, anu0 50 lAlArAma zAstrI cAvalI, prakA0 A0 vimalasAgara saMgha, banArasI presa, jalesara (eTA) u0 pra0, vi0 saM0 2018. mokSa paMcAzaka-paMcAzakAdi ke antargata / mokkha (mokSa)pAhuDa-kundakundAcArya, mA0 di0 jaina granthamAlA bambaI, vi0 saM0 1977. mokSamArga-ratanalAla dozI, a0 bhA0 sAdhumArgI jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, sailAnA, 2488. mokSazAstra-arthAt tatvArthasUtra saTIka, saM0 rAmajI mANekacanda dozI, anu0-60 parameSThIdAsa jaina, zrI bra0 dulIcanda jaina grantha0 sonagar3ha 2498. yatikriyA saMgraha-saM0-70 mainAbAI jaina, prakA0-di0 jaina senagaNa mandira, nAgapura, 1982. yazastilaka campU-somadevasUri, anu0, sampAdaka paM0 sundaralAla shaastrii| yazastilaka campR kA sAMskRtika adhyayana-DaoN0 gokula candra jaina, pAzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1967. .. yAjJavalkya smRti-nirNaya sAgara presa 1936. yogazAstra-A0 hemacandra, jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1926.

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sahAyaka-grantha sUcI : 539 yogazAstra-hemacandrAcArya, RSabhacanda joharI, kizanalAla jaina, dillI, . 1963. yogasAra-(parasAtmaprakAza ke antargata) yogIndudeva, saM0-DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, prakA0-paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, 2017. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra-AcArya samantabhadra, mA0 di0 jaina graMthamAlA, bambaI vi0 saM0 1982. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra-(prabhAcandrAcArya TIkA sahita) anu0-50 pannAlAla jaina, vIra sevA mandira TrasTa vArANasI, 1972. rayaNasAra-A0 kundakunda, saMpA0 DA0 devendrakumAra zAstrI, vIra nirvANa grantha prakAzana samiti, indaura, vI0 ni0 saM0 2500 / . rayaNasAra-saM0 50 balabhadra jaina, pra0 mainAdevI jaina, jayapura, 1979. riyalsa ina da jaina meTAphijiksa-eca0 esa. bhaTTAcArya, seTha zAMtidAsa khetasI cairiTevala TrasTa, bambaI 1966, labdhisAra-jaina siddhAnta prakAzana, kalakattA / lATI saMhitA-rAjamalla kavi, mA0 di0 jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1984. liMgapAhuDa-mA0 di0 jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1977 lokaprakAza-saM0 paM0 hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jaina bhAskarodaya presa, jAmanagara. varAMgacarita-jaTAsiMhanandi, mA0 di0 jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, vI0 saM0 2476. vasunandi zrAvakAcAra-saM0-50 hIrAlAla zAstrI, bhA0 jJAna0 kAzI, 1952. vinayapiTaka-anu0-rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, 1935. vipAkasUtra-jainazAstramAlA kAryAlaya, ludhiyAnA, vi0 saM0 2010, vizuddhimagga-A0 buddhaghoSa, mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, 1956. vairAgyazataka-(bhartRharizatakatrayam) bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI, 1946. vizeSAvazyakabhASya-saM0-DaoN0 nathamala TATiyA, prAkRta zodhasaMsthAna. vaizAlI, 1972. vizeSAvazyakabhASya-svopajJavRtti, saM0-50 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA, prakA0 lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI, bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA maMdira, ahamadAvAda. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya saTIka-koTyAcAryavRtti, R0 ke0 jaina zve0 saMsthA ratalAma, 1936-37. viSNupurANa-anuvAda-munilAla guptA, gItApresa, gorakhapura, vi0 saM0 2024.

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540 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana voranirvANa samvat jaina kAlagaNanA-muni lyANa vijaya, prakA0-kalyANavijaya zAstrasamiti, jAlaura (mAravAr3a), 1920. vIra nirvANa smArikA-jayapura 1975. vIrazAsana ke prabhAvaka AcArya-DaoN0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara evaM DaoN0 kastUra caMda kAsalIvAla, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI 1975. vyavahArasUtra (sabhASya)-malayagirivRtti, prakA0-vakIla trikamalAla agaracanda, ahamadAbAda, 1928. vyavahArasUtra-vyA0-amolaka RSi, hai0 si0 jaina saMgha, vI0 saM0 2446. vyAkhyA prajJapti-prakA0-R0 ke0 jaina zva0 saMsthA, ratalAma, vi0 saM0 1996. vaizAlI iMsTITyUTa risarca buleTina naM0 2-saM0-DA0 jI0 sI0 caudharI, prakA0-prAkRta zodha saMsthAna, vaizAlI 1974. vrata vidhAnasaMgraha, zatapatha brAhmaNa-kAzI, vi0 saM0 1994. zAntisAgara AcArya janma zatAbdi smRti grantha-saM0 bAlacanda devacanda zahA, AcArya zAMtisAgara jinavANI jIrNoddhAraka saMsthA, phalaTana, 1973. zAstravArtA samuccaya --yazovijaya praNIta syAdvAda kalpalatA TIkA sahita, prakA0 caukhambhA oriyanTAliyA, caukhambhA, vArANasI 1977. zivasAgara (AcArya) smRti grantha-saM0 paM0 pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, prakA0 sau0 bhaMvarIdevI pAMDyA, sujAnagar3ha, (rAja.) vI0 ni0 saM0 2499. zIlapAhuDa-mA0 di0 jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1977. zlokavArtika- A0 vidyAnanda, kunthusAgara granthamAlA, solApura, 1949-1956. zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra-paM0 kalyANavijaya gaNi, prakA0-kalyANavijaya zAstra samiti, jAlaura, vI0 saM0 2468. zramaNasUtra-upAdhyAya muni amaracanda jI, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, vi0 saM0 2007. zrAvakadharma saMhitA-sva0 darayAva siMha soMdhiyA, vIrasevA maMdira dariyAgaMja, dillI 1975. zrAvakAcAra saMgraha-bhAga 1-5, saM0 evaM anu0-50 hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI, zrutabhaNDAra aura graMtha prakAzana samiti, phalaTana, 1976-78. SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalATIkA sahita) bhAga 1-bha0 puSpadanta bhUtabali, dhavalA TIkA vIrasenAcArya, saM0-DA. hIrAlAla jaina, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura 1973.

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sahAyaka-grantha-sUcI : 541 SaT prAbhRta-zrutasAgarIya vRtti sahita-anu0-50 pannAlAla jaina, zAntivIra di0 jaina saMsthAna, zrImahAvIrajI 1968. sammai suttaM-A0 siddhasena, saM0 anu0-DaoN0 devendra kumAra zAstrI, jJAnodaya ___ graMthamAlA, nImaca 1978. sanmatiprakaraNa-siddhasena divAkaraH saM0 paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, jJAnodaya TrasTa, ahamadAbAda, 1963. sanyAsopaniSad-(108 upaniSad ) saM0 paM0 zrIrAma zarmA AcArya, saMskRti saMsthAna barelI 1982-83. saMyama prakAza-AcArya sUryasAgara jI, sampA0 paM0 zrIprakAza zAstrI evaM paM0 bhaMvaralAla nyAyatIrtha, prakA0-A0 sUryasAgara di0 jaina graMthamAlA samiti, manihAroM kA rAstA jayapura, vI0 ni0 saM0 2470. saMyuktanikAya-mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, 1954. saddharmamaNDanam-muni javAharalAla, tanasukhadAsa phUsarAja dugaDa, saradArazahara, 2458. samaNasuttaM-sarvasevA saMgha prakAzana, rAjaghATa, vArANasI, 1975. samayasAra-A0 kundakunda, AtmakhyAti TIkA sahita, ahiMsA mandira prakAzana, dillI, 1958. samayasAra---anu0 paM0 parameSThIdAsa, di0 jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa, sonagar3ha, vI0 ni0 saM0 2501. samayasAra-anu0 sahajAnanda varNI, sahajAnanda granthamAlA, meraTha 1977. samayasAra--saMpA0 balabhadra jaina, kundakunda bhAratI, dillI 1978. samavAo -vAcanA AcAryazrI tulasI, jaina vizvabhAratI lADanU, 1986. samavAyAMgasUtra-abhayadevasUrivRtti, seTha mANekhalAla cunnIlAla, ahamadAbAda, 1938. samAdhitaMtra-A0 pUjyapAda, vIrasevA mandira, sarasAvA, 1939 samIcIna dharmazAstra-samantabhadrAcArya, vIrasevA mandira, dillI, 1955. sarvArthasiddhi-A0 pUjyapAda, anu0 paM0 phUlacanda zAstrI, bhA0 jJAnapITha kAzI, 1955. sAgAra dharmAmRta-paM0 AzAghara, saM0 evaM anu0-50 kailAzacanda zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI 1978. sAutha iNDiyana inskripzansa-jilda 7. sAmAyika pratikramaNa- rahasya-paM0 sukhalAlajI saMghavI,

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542 : mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sUtrakRtAMga-prakA0-a0 bhA0 zve0 sthA0 jaina zAstroddhAra, samiti, rAjakoTa, sUryaprajJapti-malayagirivRtti, Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, 1919. sUyagaDo-bhAga 1, saM0 yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, jaina vizva bhAratI lADanU, 1984 sTeDIja ina jaina philAsaphI-DaoN0 nathamala TATiyA, jaina kalcarala risarca sosA yaTI, banArasa 1951. sTeDIja ina jainijma-~-muni jinavijaya, jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka sTeDIja, ahamadA bAda, 1951. sthAnAMga (ThANAMga) sUtra--vyA0 amolaka RSi, hai0 si0 janasaMgha, 2446 / sthAnAMga-samavAyAMga-gujarAtI anu0 paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA, gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda, 1955. sthAnAMga vRtti-prakA0-seTha maNikacanda cunnIlAla ahamadAvAda, saM0 1994. sthAnAMgasUtra-abhayadeva sUrivRtti, Agamodaya samiti, sUrata, 1920. sthAnAMgasUtra-saM0 muni kanhaiyAlAla kamala, Agama anuyoga prakAzana, sArerAva, 1972. syAdvAdamaJjarI-malliSeNa, saM0 DaoN0 jagadIzacandra jaina, paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala agAsa, 1970, tRtIya AvRtti / hajArImala (muni zrI) smRti graMtha-muni hajArImala smRti grantha prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, 1965. harivaMza purANa-jinasenAcArya, anu0 paM0 pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1962. hisTrI Apha jaina monAsijma-sAntArAma, bAlacanda deva, Dakana kAleja, pI* no. eNDa risarca iMsTiTyUTa, pUnA, 1956. patra-patrikAe~ : anekAnta-vIrasevA mandira, sarasAvA, varSa 2 kiraNa 1-12, varSa 12-13 / anekAnta meM prakAzita lekha, jinase vizeSa sahAyatA lI gaI 1. anekAnta varSa 2, kiraNa 3 2. ,, ,, 2, kiraNa 5 3. , ,, 12, kiraNa 11 4. , ,, 12, kiraNa 12, maI 1954. amarabhAratI-sanmati jJAnapITha, aagraa| jinavANI-samyagjJAna pracAraka maMDala, jayapura /

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sahAyaka-grantha-sUcI : 543 paina aiMTIkvarI-devakumAra jaina AriyanTala risarca insTI0 ArA / jaina jarnala-jainabhavana, kalakattA / jaina sandeza-bhA0 di0 jaina saMgha, madhurA / maina sidAnta bhAskara-bhAga 12, kiraNa 1, nulAI 1945--jaina siddhAnta bhavana, bArA / tIpaMkara-hIrAbhayA prakAzana, indaura / tulasIprazA-jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanU / vardhamAna-(1904-75 kA mahAvIra vizeSAMka) vardhamAna kAleja, vijanaura / vijayAnanda-AtmAnanda jaina mahAsabhA, paMjAba (ambaalaa)| bAra nirvANa smArikA-1975-20 bhaMvaralAla polyAkA, rAjasthAna prAntIya bha0 mahAvIra 2500 vAM nirvANa mahotsava mahAsamiti, jayapura / mamaNa-pAvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI / zramaNopAsaka-bIkAnera, rAjasthAna / zrI jaina satyaprakAza-jaina dharma satya prakAzaka samiti, mahamadAbAda, varSa 6 aMka sammati sandeza-535 gAMdhI nagara, dillii| bamaNavidhA ( saMkAya patrikA)-sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI, 1983. syAdvAda patrikA (hastalikhita)-pra0 saM0-phUlacanda jaina premI, syAdvAda pracAriNI sabhA, zrI syAdAda mahAvidyAlaya, bhadainI, vArANasI, 1969

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sammati pro0 DaoN0 jagadIza canda jaina, bambaI digambara paramparA meM mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA ina donoM granthoM kA bahuta mahattva hai| inameM digambara muniyoM ke AcAra-vicAra, vyavahAra, gamanAgamana, varSAvAsa, vihAra caryA, vasati sthAna, zramaNa saMgha kA svarUpa aura AyikAoM kI AcAra-paddhati kA jaisA sAMgopAMga varNana upalabdha hai, vaisA anya digambarIya zAstroM meM dikhAI nahIM detA, isa daSTi se 'DA0 phUlacanda jaina premI kI kRti 'mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana' svAgata yogya samajhI jaayegii| isameM zramaNAcAra se sambandhita vividha viSayoM kA sAMgopAMga vivecana kiyA gayA hai| nizcaya hI yaha sAmagrI bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita nirgrantha paramparA kA samAjazAstrIya, sAmAjika, sAMskRtika evaM manovaijJAnika adhyayana karane ke lie atyanta upayogI hai| prastuta kRti ke lekhaka ne mUla viSaya kA vivecana karate hae bIca-bIca meM mahattvapUrNa zvetAmbarIya anthoM ke tulanAtmaka uddharaNa prastuta kiye haiN| jisase graMtha kI prAmANikatA bar3ha jAtI haiN| AzA hai ve bhaviSya meM isa prakAra kI anya samIkSAtmaka racanAoM ko prastuta kara jaina dharma ke prAcIna itihAsa ko ujAgara kreNge| siddhAntAcArya paM0 jaganmohana lAla zAstrI, kaTanI digambara jaina zramaNacaryA ke malagrantha malAcAra para DaoN0 phUlacandra jaina premI kA yaha zodha prabandha par3hakara hArdika prasannatA hii| isameM pratipAdita sabhI viSayoM para DaoN. premI ne apanI painI dRSTi se samIkSAtmaka va tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai| yaha jaina paramparAoM meM pratipAdita zramaNacaryA ke bheda-prabhedoM kI vibhinna dhArAoM kA niSkarSa hai| vidvAn lekhaka ne isa grantha ke chaha adhyAyoM meM zramaNa ke mUlaguNa, uttaraguNa Adi kA sundara vivecana karate hae zramaga ke Antarika evaM vyAvahArika AcAravicAra, sAdhanA, AhAracaryA, vyavahAra, zramaNa saMgha evaM jaina dharma-darzana ke siddhAntoM kA acchA pratipAdana kiyA hai / isa zreSTha kRti ke lie vidvAn lekhaka sAdhuvAdAha haiM / merA unheM zubhAzISa hai ki ve jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM meM bar3heM aura sva-para kalyANa karane meM samartha hoM / Education International www.jainelibraa