Jain Darshan me Karan Karya Vyavastha Ek Samanvayatmak Drushtikon

Author(s): Shweta Jain
Publisher: Parshwanath Shodhpith Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002509/1

Page #1
pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kramAMka : 159 jaina darzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa (kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRtakarma, puruSa/puruSArtha kA vivecana) DaoN0 zvetA jaina pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI prAcya vidyApITha zAjApura (ma0pra0..

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pArzvanAtha vidyApITha graMthamAlA saM0 159 jaina darzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa (kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRtakarma, puruSa/puruSArtha kA vivecana) DaoN0 zvetA jaina atithi adhyApaka, saMskRta-vibhAga jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura bhUmikA DaoN0 dharmacanda jaina AcArya, saMskRta-vibhAga jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya jodhapura (rAja.) prakAzaka pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI prAcyavidyApITha, zAjApura (ma0pra0)

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pArzvanAtha vidyApITha graMthamAlA saM0 159 jaina darzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa (kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRtakarma, puruSa/puruSArtha kA vivecana) lekhikA - DaoN0 zvetA jaina prathama saMskaraNa : 2008 ISBN : 61.8675.94.0 (c) pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI mUlya : 600/- rupaye prakAzaka pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, AI0TI0AI0 roDa, karauMdI, vArANasI, dUrabhASa : 0542-2575890, 2575521 Email : pvri@sify.com, Web : parshwanathvidyapeeth.org prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura, dUrabhASa : 07364-222218 ke lie kramaza: saciva evaM mAnad nidezaka - pro0 sAgaramala jaina dvArA prakAzita anya prApti-sthAna DaoN0 zvetA jaina, 'samatA kuMja', 12/7A, jAlama vilAsa skIma pAvaTA 'bI' roDa, jodhapura, 342006, phona naM. 0291-2541052 rAjasthAnI granthAgAra, sojatI geTa, jodhapura phona naM. 0291-2623933 (O), 0291&2657331 (R) TaMkaNa sajjA : zrI kamaleza mehatA, jodhapura akSara samAyojana : zrI sunIla kumAra, aiDa viz2ana, vArANasI mudraka : varddhamAna mudraNAlaya, bhelUpura, vArANasI-221010

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prakAzakIya dArzanika cintana kI aneka jaTila, parantu mahattvapUrNa samasyAoM meM kAryakAraNa kI samasyA apanA vizeSa sthAna rakhatI hai| vijJAna, darzana ora vizeSa rUpa se dharma-darzana kAryakAraNa kI pRSThabhUmi para sRSTi-racanA kI samasyA kA samAdhAna DhUr3hane kA prayatna karatA hai| darzana zAstra ke vibhinna viSayoM-udAharaNArtha tattvamImAMsA, jJAnamImAMsA, nItizAstra Adi meM kAraNa-kAryavAda pramukha evaM gahana carcA kA viSaya rahA hai| paramatattva kI khoja vastuta: AdikAraNa kI khoja hai| kArya-kAraNavAda siddhAnta kI gambhIra dArzanika samasyAoM ke samAdhAna hetu hI satkAryavAda, asatkAryavAda, sadasadkAryavAda, pariNAmavAda, vivartavAda Adi siddhAnta astitva meM aaye| jaina darzana bhI anyAnya darzanoM kI bhAMti kArya-kAraNa ke siddhAnta ko mAnatA hai aura apane anekAntavAda, nayavAda siddhAnta ke anurUpa hI kArya-kAraNa ko sadasadAtmaka mAnate hue sRSTi ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma evaM puruSa yA puruSArtha - ina pAMca kAraNoM ko mAnatA hai jise jaina dArzanika zabdAvalI meM 'paMcakAraNa samavAya' kahA gayA hai| dhyAtavya hai ki jaina darzana sRSTi ko anAdi mAnane ke kAraNa usake kartA ke rUpa meM kisI bhI vAhya sattA-Izvara Adi kA sarvathA niSedha karatA hai| aneka jaina AcAryoM ne anya bhAratIya darzanoM ko mAnya kArya-kAraNavAda kI svastha samIkSA karate hue apane paMcakAraNa samavAya siddhAnta kI pratiSThA kI hai| ina samasta viSayoM para gambhIra, tarkapurassara evaM savistara carcA DaoN0 zvetA jaina ne apanI prastuta pustaka 'jaina darzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa', meM kI hai| jaina darzana ke pariprekSya meM kArya-kAraNavAda kI samyak evaM vistRta carcA karane vAlI sambhavataH yaha prathama pustaka hai| hama AbhArI haiM DaoN0 zvetA jaina tathA prastuta kRti ko apanI vidvattApUrNa 'bhUmikA' se gauravAnvita karane vAle prophesara dharmacanda jaina, jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura ke prati jinhoMne yaha pustaka pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ko prakAzanArtha dii| isa grantha ke prapha saMzodhana tathA prakAzana sambandhI vyavasthAoM ke sampUrNa uttaradAyitva kA nirvahana pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke sahanidezaka DaoN0

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zrIprakAza pANDeya ne kiyA hai, etadartha hama unake prati hRdaya se AbhAra jJApita karate haiN| isa grantha ke sahaprakAzaka prAcyavidyApITha, zAjApura ke padAdhikAriyoM ke prati bhI hama apanA AbhAra jJApita karate haiM jinhoMne prakAzana meM sahabhAgitA hetu apanI saharSa sahamati hameM dii| sundara TaMkaNa evaM akSara samAyojana hetu kramaza: zrI kamaleza mehatA, jodhapura tathA zrI sunIla kumAra, 'aiDa viz2ana', vArANasI nizcaya hI dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| satvara evaM spaSTa mudraNa hetu hama varddhamAna mudraNAlaya, vArANasI ke prati apanA AbhAra prakaTa karate haiN| AzA hai jaina kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA ke sandarbha meM naye tathyoM ko udghATita karane vAlI yaha pustaka vidvAnoM, zodhArthiyoM tathA sAmAnya jijJAsuoM ke lie atyanta upAdeya siddha hogii| prophesara sAgaramala jaina saciva, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI mAnad nidezaka, prAcyavidyApITha, zAjApura

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purovAk sRSTi kI utpatti kA krama ho, bandhana yA mukti kI ghaTanA ho athavA jIvana ke anya sAmAnya kArya hoM, sabhI ke sambandha meM kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta ko samajhanA Avazyaka hotA hai| kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta vizva kI sabhI vidyAoM se jur3A huA hai| vijJAna, rAjanIti, sAhitya, cikitsA, arthazAstra, darzanazAstra Adi sabhI kSetroM meM kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta kA mahattva hai| darzanazAstra kI hama bAta kareM to yaha pratyeka darzana kI tattvamImAMsA kA viSaya banatA hai| ataH sabhI dArzanika apane kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta ko tAttvika mImAMsA ke AdhAra para vyAkhyAyita karate haiN| jaina dArzanika anekAntavAdI haiM, phalasvarUpa unakA kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta sadasadAtmaka hai| jaise bIja rUpI kAraNa sat bhI hai aura asat bhI hai usI prakAra vRkSa rUpI kArya bhI sat va asat donoM haiN| bIja apane svarUpa se sat hai tathA vRkSa ke utpanna hone se bIja kI sattA naSTa ho jAtI hai taba vaha asat hotA hai| vRkSa jaba bIja rUpa meM thA taba vaha asat thA aura vRkSa ke rUpa meM vaha sat hotA hai| isa prakAra 'sadasatkAryavAda' siddhAnta jaina darzana ke kAraNa-kAryavAda ke samyak svarUpa ko prakaTa karatA hai| jainamatAnusAra pratyeka padArtha yA tattva nityAnityAtmaka, sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka, dravyaparyAyAtmaka, bhedAbhedAtmaka aura sadasadAtmaka hai| kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta ke AdhArabhUta padArtha sadasadAtmaka hone se jaina darzana meM yaha siddhAnta sadasatkAryavAda ke nAma se pracalita hai| ekAnta sat athavA ekAnta asat padArtha na to svayaM utpanna hote haiM aura na hI kisI ko utpanna karane meM samartha hote haiN| ata: unameM kAryakAraNabhAva bhI nahIM bntaa| kAryakAraNabhAva vahIM hotA hai jahAM kathaMcit sattva aura kathaMcit asattva ho| isalie jaina darzana meM sadasatkAryavAda ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| dravya kI dRSTi se usameM satkAryavAda ko mahattva diyA gayA hai tathA paryAya kI dRSTi se asatkAryavAda svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| donoM ke sammilita svarUpa meM sadasatkAryavAda aMgIkRta hai| anekAntavAdI jaina dArzanikoM ne kAraNa-kAryavAda para vibhinna dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA hai, jinameM pramukha haiM 1. dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva aura bhava kI kAraNatA 2. SaDdravyoM kI kAraNatA 3. SaTkArakoM kI kAraNatA 4. nimitta aura upAdAna kI kAraNatA 5. paMca samavAya kI kAraNatA

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dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva aura bhava kI kAraNatA para vicAra jaina dArzanikoM kA apanA maulika yogadAna hai| isakA ullekha Agama-sAhitya evaM TIkA sAhitya meM vibhinna sthAnoM para prApta hotA hai| dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, pudgalAstikAya, jIvAstikAya aura kAla dravya kI kAraNatA kA pratipAdana bhI jainAgamoM meM samprApta hai| ina SaDdravyoM ke apane upagraha yA upakAra haiN| ve hI unake kArya haiM, jo anya dravyoM ke kAryoM meM bhI sahAyaka banate haiN| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne kartA, karma, karaNa, saMpradAna, apAdAna evaM adhikaraNa kArakoM kI kAraNatA ko pratipAdita kara anekAnta dRSTi kA paricaya diyA hai| upAdAna aura nimitta kAraNoM ke rUpa meM jaina dArzanikoM ne kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta kI vyAkhyA kI hai| Agama vAGamaya meM upAdAna aura nimitta zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM huA hai, kintu uttaravartI dArzanikoM ne inheM jaina darzana meM yathocita sthAna diyA hai| kAraNa-kArya kI vyAkhyA meM 'paMca samavAya' siddhAnta atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha jaina dArzanikoM kI anekAnta dRSTi kA pariNAma hai| paMca samavAya meM kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma evaM puruSArtha ina pAMca kAraNoM kA samanvaya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| Agama vAGmaya meM paMca samavAya kA koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM miltaa| sarvaprathama siddhasena sUri (divAkara) ne pAMcavIM zatI IsvI meM sanmatitarkaprakaraNa meM ina kAraNoM kA nimnAnusAra kathana kiyA hai kAlo sahAva NiyaI puvakayaM purise kaarnnegNtaa| micchattaM te ceva u, samAsao hoMti smmttN|| siddhasenasUri ne anekAntavAda, syAdvAda aura nayavAda kA nirUpaNa karate hue nayadRSTi se kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSa/puruSArtha kI kAraNatA aMgIkAra kI hai| ve inameM se mAtra eka kI kAraNatA ko hI aMgIkAra karane ko mithyAtva evaM sabakI sAmudAyika kAraNatA ko samyaktva mAnate haiN| kAla Adi pAMcoM kI sAmUhika yA sApekSa kAraNatA kA pratipAdana hI 'paMca samavAya' ke siddhAnta ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| ____ 'paMca samavAya' zabda Adhunika yuga meM atyanta prasiddha hokara bhI adhika prAcIna nahIM hai| sarvaprathama isakA ullekha kaba huA yaha to nizcita nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kintu 19vIM zatI meM tilokaRSi dvArA isa zabda kA apanI kAvyaracanA meM bhUriza: prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki tilokaRSi ke samaya 'paMca samavAya' zabda prasiddha ho cukA thA, kintu usake pUrva paMca samavAya kA prayoga kisane kiyA, yaha upalabdha evaM adhIta srotoM se jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai| siddhasena sUri prayukta 'samAsao' zabda hI Age calakara 'kalApa', 'samudAya' 'samudita' se 'samavAya' ke rUpa meM vikasita huA hai|

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vii paMcasamavAya ke kramika vikAsa kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAya to yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki siddhasena (5vIM zatI) isa siddhAnta ke praNetA haiN| unhoMne sanmatitarka meM hI nahIM, apitu apanI dUsarI racanA dvAtriMzad- dvAtriMzikA kI tRtIya dvAtriMzikA ke aSTama zloka meM bhI ina pAMcoM kI kathaJcit kAraNatA aMgIkAra kI hai / haribhadrasUri (8vIM zatI) ne zAstravArtAsamuccaya, bIjaviMzikA, upadezapada, dharmabindu nAmaka granthoM meM yathAprasaMga pAMcoM ke samanvaya ko kAryotpAdaka siddha kiyA hai| zIlAMkAcArya (9-10vIM zatI) ne sUtrakRtAMga kI TIkA meM inheM paraspara sApekSa mAnakara pAMcoM meM samanvaya sthApita kiyA hai| abhayadevasUri (10 vIM zatI) ne sanmatitarka kI TIkA meM samanvaya karane se pUrva vizada rUpa se kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, niyativAda, karmavAda aura puruSavAda kI aikAntikatA kA khaNDana kiyA hai| amRtacandrAcArya (10vIM zatI) ne pravacanasAra kI TIkA ke anta meM 47 nayoM kI carcA ke antargata pAMcoM nayoM ke rUpa meM kAlAdi kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| malladhArI rAjazekhara sUri (12 - 13vIM zatI) ne SaDdarzanasamuccaya aura upAdhyAya yazovijaya (17vIM zatI) ne nayopadeza meM isa siddhAnta kA saMketa kiyA hai| satrahavIM zatI meM upAdhyAya vinayavijaya ne kAlAdi pAMca kAraNoM para gujarAtI bhASA meM dohA evaM DhAla ke rUpa meM stavana kI racanA kI hai| 19vIM zatI meM tiloka RSi jI mahArAja ne apane kAvya meM 'paMca samavAya' nAma se abhihita kara kAraNapaMcaka kI vyAkhyA kI hai| bIsavIM zatI meM zatAvadhAnI zrI ratnacandra jI mahArAja ne 'kAraNa saMvAda' nATaka ke rUpa meM pAMcoM kI sApekSatA ko siddha kiyA hai| Adhunika yuga meM paM0 ToDaramala, kAnajI svAmI, zrI tiloka RSi jI, AcArya mahAprajJa Adi ne paMcasamavAya siddhAnta kI puSTi kI hai| samprati jaina - dharma ke sabhI sampradAyoM meM yaha mAnya evaM pratiSThita hai| paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, DaoN0 hukamacanda bhArilla Adi vidvAnoM ne bhI isa siddhAnta ko vizruta kiyA hai| vartamAna meM jaina dharma kA koI bhI sampradAya, AcArya, saMta yA vidvAn aisA nahIM hai jo paMca samavAya siddhAnta ko amAnya ghoSita karatA ho / pAMcavIM zatI se lekara aba taka AcAryoM, manISiyoM, vidvAnoM dvArA paMca samavAya sambandhI jo bhI lekhana, pravacana huA hai, vaha bahuta saMkSepa rUpa meM huA hai| kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, karmavAda aura puruSavAda / puruSArtha kA jainetara darzanoM meM kyA svarUpa rahA hai tathA jainadarzana kisa rUpa meM inakI kathaMcit kAraNatA svIkAra karatA hai, ina vicAroM kI mahatI AvazyakatA mere nirdezaka AdaraNIya pro0 dharmacanda jI jaina ko anubhUta huI / ataH unake dvArA pradatta isa viSaya ko zirodhArya kara maine apanA zodhakArya pUrNa kiyaa| prastuta grantha " jaina darzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA: eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa" jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura se 2005 meM pI-eca0 DI0 upAdhi ke lie svIkRta "jaina darzana meM kAraNavAda ke sandarbha meM paMcasamavAyaH

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viii eka samIkSA" viSayaka zodha-prabandha kA saMzodhita rUpa hai| isa grantha meM 'paMca samavAya' siddhAnta ke vikAsa-krama ko prastuta karate hue kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, niyativAda aura puruSavAda yA puruSArtha kA veda, upaniSad, purANa, mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa, bhagavadgItA, nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya, yoga, bauddha, mImAMsA, zaiva Adi jainetara darzanoM, jainAgama, TIkAoM, cUrNi, bhASya prabhRti vibhinna dArzanika kRtiyoM ke adhyayana ke AdhAra para isa laghu viSaya ko suvyavasthita evaM vistRta svarUpa pradAna kiyA gayA hai| grantha paricaya- yaha grantha sapta adhyAyoM meM vibhAjita hai| prathama adhyAya meM kAraNa-kArya kI sAmAnya carcA hai| satkAryavAda, satkAraNavAda, asatkAryavAda, asatkAraNavAda nAmaka kAraNa-kArya ke pramukha siddhAntoM kA vivecana karane ke anantara jaina darzana ke 'sadasatkAryavAda' siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM mAnya dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva-bhava, tadravya-anyadravya, nimitta-naimittika, samavAyIasamavAyI, SaTkArakoM kI kAraNatA, SaDdravyoM kI kAraNatA, kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, niyativAda, karmavAda, puruSArtha yA puruSavAda kA saMkSipta svarUpa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| - 'kAlavAda' nAmaka dvitIya adhyAya meM kAla kI ekAntika kAraNatA kA pratipAdana evaM nirasana hai| veda, upaniSad, purANa, mahAbhArata evaM jyotirvidyA meM vidyamAna kAlavAda ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana karane ke anantara nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya, yoga, vedAnta, vyAkaraNa Adi darzana granthoM ke anusAra kAla-viSayaka carcA kI gaI hai| jainAgama evaM jainadArzanika kRtiyoM ke AdhAra para kAlavAda kA nirUpaNa tathA nirasana atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| anta meM jaina dArzanikoM ko mAnya kathaMcit kAraNatA kA vizeSa rUpa se vivecana hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM svabhAvavAda kI carcA hai| svabhAvavAda kI avadhAraNA hai"svabhAvAjjAyate sarvam" arthAt sabhI kArya svabhAva se utpanna hote haiN| svabhAvavAda ke bIja Rgveda meM prApta hote haiN| jainetara tathA jainagranthoM meM pratipAdita svabhAvavAda kA vizada nirUpaNa karane ke pazcAt mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa, jinabhadragaNi, haribhadrasUri, abhayadevasUri jaise prabuddha dArzanikoM dvArA kRta nirasana ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| anta meM jainadarzana meM mAnya svabhAva kA svarUpa aura usakI kathaMcit kAraNatA kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| niyativAda nAmaka caturtha adhyAya meM niyativAda ke praNetA maMkhali gozAlaka ke vistRta paricaya ke sAtha niyati kI kAraNatA ko vaidika, bauddha evaM jainadarzana ke vibhinna granthoM ke uddharaNoM ke AdhAra para pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| jainAgama sUtrakRtAMga aura praznavyAkaraNa meM niyativAda kA spaSTa ullekha samprApta hotA hai tathA AcArAMga kI TIkA evaM nandIsUtra kI avacUri meM bhI isakA nirUpaNa samupalabdha hai| pramukha jaina dArzanika

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siddhasena sUri dvArA racita 'niyati dvAtriMzikA' kRti meM niyativAda kI vividha mAnyatAe~ saMgumphita haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne niyativAda kI mAnyatA ko anucita ThaharAte hue upAsakadazAMga meM kahA hai - "niyayA savvabhAvA, taM te micchA" saba kAryoM kA niyata honA asatya hai| sUtrakRtAMga aura usakI zIlAMka TIkA, praznavyAkaraNa kI abhayadeva evaM jJAnavimalasUrikRta TIkA, dvAdazAranayacakra, zAstravArtAsamuccaya, sanmatitarka TIkA, dharmasaMgrahaNi aura jainatattvAdarza Adi jaina granthoM meM sabala tarka se ekAnta niyativAda kA nirasana huA hai, jise yahA~ saMkSepa meM Abaddha kiyA gayA hai| niyati kI vibhinna siddhAntoM se tulanA karate hue "kAlalabdhi aura niyati", "kramabaddhaparyAya aura niyativAda", "sarvajJatA aura niyativAda", "pUrvakRta karma aura niyativAda" binduoM ke antargata jainadarzana meM niyati kI kathaMcit kAraNatA ko svIkRta bhI kiyA gayA hai| pUrvakRta karmavAda viSayaka paMcama adhyAya meM sukha-daHkha ke rUpa meM jIva ko svakRta karmoM se prApta hone vAle phala evaM jagat kI vicitratA ke kAraNarUpa karma kI vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| "kammavasA khalu jIvA" kI ukti se karma kI kAraNatA jIva meM hI pratipAdita hotI hai, ajIva meM nhiiN| bhAratIya darzanoM meM karma kI sarvatra mImAMsA kI gaI hai| nyAya, vaizeSika aura vedAnta darzana Izvara ko karma kA phalapradAtA svIkAra karate haiM tathA sAMkhya, bauddha aura mImAMsA darzana Izvara ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| jaina darzana phala dene kI zakti ko karma meM hI mAnatA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne paMca samavAya kA pratipAdana karate hue pUrvakRta karmavAda ko to aMgIkAra kiyA hai, kintu usakI ekAnta kAraNatA kA pratiSedha bhI kiyA hai| mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa, haribhadrasUri, yazovijaya, abhayadevasUri ne khaNDana meM kucha tarka prastuta kiye haiN| SaSTha adhyAya ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| prathama bhAga puruSavAda se sambandhita hai, jisameM prasaMgata: brahmavAda evaM IzvaravAda kA bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| inameM eka puruSa, brahma yA Izvara ko hI jagadutpatti kA kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai| dvitIya bhAga meM puruSArtha kI kAraNatA ko vibhinna koNoM se samajhAte hue puruSakAra ke mahattva ko prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| puruSavAda ke vivecana meM jainAcAryoM ne puruSavAda, brahmavAda aura IzvaravAda tInoM kA nirUpaNa kara nirasana kiyA hai| jainadarzana puruSArthavAdI darzana hai| puruSakAra yA puruSArtha jaina sAdhanA paddhati kI AtmA hai| saMyama meM parAkrama, parISaha-jaya, tapa se karmoM kI nirjarA, apramattatA Adi para jaina darzana meM vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| kAla, svabhAva Adi ekAnta kAraNavAdoM kI samIkSA karate hue saptama adhyAya meM nayadRSTi se inameM samanvaya sthApita kiyA gayA hai| jainaparamparA meM kAla,

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svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSArtha/puruSa kI kathaMcit kAraNatA ko paryApta mahattva diyA gayA hai| vahA~ inakA ekAnta rUpa asvIkRta hai, nayadRSTi se inheM svIkRti milI hai| jaina-paramparA meM mAnya katipaya bindu isakI puSTi karate haiM, yathA - * sabhI dravyoM ke pariNamana meM kAla dravya kAraNa hai| vartanA, pariNAma, kriyA, paratva-aparatva ke rUpa meM kAla kI kAraNatA svIkRta hai| kAla labdhi, abAdhAkAla Adi kI avadhAraNA kAla kI kAraNatA ko spaSTa karatI hai| SaDdravyoM ke visrasA pariNamana meM padArtha kA apanA svabhAva hI kAraNa banatA hai| jIva kA anAdi pAriNAmika bhAva, bhavyatva, abhavyatva, jIvatva Adi ke rUpa meM svabhAva se hI kArya karatA hai| tIrthakara karma prakRti ko bAMdhane vAlA jIva tIsare bhava meM avazya tIrthaMkara banatA hai, yaha bhI eka niyati hai| akarma bhUmi meM puruSa-strI ke yugalika kA utpanna honA tathA karmabhUmi meM prathama tIna AroM meM yugalikoM kI utpatti svIkAra karanA kAla evaM kSetra kI niyati hai| akarmabhUmi meM napuMsaka puruSa kA utpanna na honA bhI niyati kI mAnyatA ko iMgita karatA hai| * pUrvakRta karma jIva ke bhAvI jIvana ko niyati kI taraha prabhAvita karate haiN| * nikAcita karma kI mAnyatA bhI niyati kI sUcaka hai| * jaina darzana meM aSTavidha karmoM kA pratipAdana hai| * karmoM ke anusAra jIva vibhinna gatiyoM meM janma letA hai| * karmoM ke pUrNa kSaya hone para mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| * tapa, saMyama meM parAkrama kI preraNA kI gaI hai| * mokSa kI siddhi hetu puruSArtha ko jAgarita karane para bala diyA gayA hai| * tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva se mahAvIra taka ke 24 tIrthaMkaroM kA jIvana evaM gautama Adi gyAraha gaNadharoM kA jIvana puruSArtha ko puSTa karatA hai|

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x1 paMcasamavAya mukti prApti meM bhI sahAyaka hai tathA vyAvahArika jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM bhI inakI kAraNatA siddha hotI hai| kAla Adi pA~ca kAraNoM meM paraspara gauNa - pradhAna bhAva hotA hai| kabhI kAla pradhAna ho sakatA hai, kabhI svabhAva, kabhI niyati, kabhI pUrvakRta karma to kabhI purussaarth| yaha bhI Avazyaka nahIM ki sadaiva eka sAtha pA~coM kAraNa upasthita hoM, pA~coM kAraNa to jIva meM ghaTita hone vAle kAryoM meM hI hote haiM, ajIva padArthoM meM sampanna hone vAle kAryoM meM na to pUrvakRta karma kAraNa hotA hai aura na hI unakA apanA puruSArtha / upacAra se jIva ke pUrvakRta karma evaM puruSArtha ko ajIva ke kAryoM meM bhI kathaMcit kAraNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| pudgala ke prayogapariNamana meM to jIva kA puruSArtha kAraNa banatA bhI hai| ye pA~ca kAraNa paraspara ekadUsare ke pratibandhaka nahIM hote haiN| inameM paraspara samanvaya se kArya kI siddhi hotI hai| kArya kI siddhi ina pA~ca kAraNoM meM kadAcit kisI ke nyUna hone para bhI ho sakatI hai| isalie yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki paMcasamavAya siddhAnta kI mAnyatA ke pIche jaina dArzanikoM kI anekAntavAda kI dRSTi hI pramukha kAraNa rahI hai| 'paMcasamavAya' siddhAnta ko svIkAra karane para bhI jainadarzana meM puruSakAravAda athavA puruSArthavAda kI pradhAnatA aMgIkRta hai| zramaNa saMskRti kA darzana hone ke kAraNa isameM zrama arthAt udyama yA puruSArtha kA vizeSa mahattva hai| manuSya ke hAtha meM puruSArtha hI hai, jisase vaha apane bhAgya ko bhI parivartita kara sakatA hai aura mokSa ko bhI prApta kara sakatA hai| isIlie vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra ke vRttikAra abhayadevasUri kA kathana haiM - " yadyapyudIraNAdiSu kAlasvabhAvAdInAM kAraNatvamasti tathApi prAdhAnyena puruSavIryasyaiva kAraNatvam" arthAt udIraNA Adi meM kAla-svabhAva Adi kI kAraNatA svIkRta hai tathApi Agama kI dRSTi se puruSArtha kA hI prAdhAnya hai| - 44 maiM apane zodhakArya ke daurAna aneka saMtoM aura vidvAnoM ke sAnnidhya meM gaI aura zodha kArya se sambandhita vibhinna praznoM para carcA kii| isase mere zodhakArya ko gati milii| vidvadvarya munizreSTha zrI prema muni jI aura prajJAratna guruvarya zrI jiteza muni jI kA bAlyakAla se mere jIvana ke vikAsa meM pade pade vacanoM se amUlya yoga rahA hai| isa grantha ke lekhana meM bhI unakA yathAzakya sahayoga prApta huA / maiM ina donoM saMtavaryoM ke prati hRdaya se kRtajJatA kA anubhava karatI huuN| zraddheyA viduSI mahAsatI zrI padmazrI jI ne niyatidvAtriMzikA kA jisa dhIratA evaM yogyatA ke sAtha mujhe marma samajhAyA, usake lie maiM hRdaya se AbhArI hU~ / saMskRta vibhAga ke AcArya evaM bauddha adhyayana kendra, jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya jodhapura ke nidezaka pro0 dharmacanda jI jaina ke kuzala nirdezana evaM pUrNa

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sahayoga se hI yaha vizAla zodha-prabandha sampUNarkatA ko prApta ho sakA hai| pratyeka kaThinAI meM unhoMne apane sujhAva aura putrIvat sneha sambala se mujhe prerita evaM utsAhita kiyA hai| ata: apane "tAtazrI" ke sneha sahayoga ke lie maiM unakI kRtajJa rhuuNgii| saMskRta vibhAga ke variSThatama AcArya evaM kalA saMkAya ke pUrva adhiSThAtA pro0 zrIkRSNa jI zarmA aura saMskRta vibhAgAdhyakSa pro0 narendra jI avasthI kA mujhe sadaiva AzIrvAda prApta hai| madhusUdana ojhA zodha prakoSTha ke pUrva nidezaka DaoN. gaNezIlAla jI suthAra ne apane nijI pustakAlaya ke sAtha zodha prakoSTha kI pustakoM kA lAbha mujhe pradAna kiyA tathA samaya-samaya para amUlya sujhAva bhI diye| maiM hRdaya se inakI AbhArI huuN| ___sevA mandira dhArmika zodha pustakAlaya, jodhapura aura kailAzasAgara sUri jJAna mandira, kobA pustakAlaya, ahamadAbAda se mujhe sAmagrI saMkalana meM vizeSa sahayoga prApta huaa| isake atirikta mujhe aneka saMtavoM evaM vidvAn mahAnubhAvoM kA bhI ullekhanIya mArgadarzana evaM sahakAra prApta huA hai, jinameM AcArya zrI mahAprajJa jI, zrutadhara zrI prakAzamuni jI, zrI pravINa RSi jI, zrI bhuvanacandra jI mahArAja evaM zrI sumati muni jI mahArAja se vicAra-vimarza aura parAmarza prApta hue| vidvat jagat meM vedamanISI DaoN0 phatahasiMha jI, pro0 sAgaramalajI jaina, paM0 ananta jI zarmA, DaoN. dayAnanda jI bhArgava jaise mUrdhanya vidvAnoM se carcA ke mAdhyama se bahumUlya sujhAva prApta hue| maiM ina sabakI hRdaya se kRtajJa huuN| parivAra ke sahayoga ke binA dIrghakAlika zodhakArya ko pUrNa kara lenA kathamapi saMbhava nahIM hai| mere parama AdaraNIya pitAjI zrI sAyaracanda jI koTar3iyA, vAtsalya vibhUti mAtAjI zrImatI vimalA jI koTar3iyA, laghu bhaginIdvaya hemalatA evaM jayazrI, bhrAtA satIza evaM bhAbhI bhUmikA jI ke sahayoga hetu unakA AbhAra vyakta karatI huuN| grantha ke kampyUTarIkaraNa kA kArya jisa manoyoga se zrI kamaleza mehatA, jodhapura, ne sampanna kiyA hai, usase mujhe pramoda hai tathA maiM unake ujjvala bhaviSya kI kAmanA karatI huuN| isa grantha kI sampUrti meM pratyakSa athavA parokSa rUpa se jina-jina mahAnubhAvoM evaM saMsthAoM kA sahayoga rahA hai tathA jinakA nAmollekha nahIM ho sakA hai, unakA bhI maiM antarhRdaya se AbhAra anubhava karatI huuN| ___isa grantha ke prakAzana hetu pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke mantrI zraddheya pro0 sAgaramala jI jaina ke agAdha sneha evaM saha nidezaka DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya kI grantha prakAzana meM tatparatA ke lie maiM unakI hRdaya se kRtajJa huuN| - zvetA jaina

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bhamikA jaina darzana meM kAraNa-kArya-vyavasthA para gahana, sUkSma evaM vyAvahArika cintana huA hai, jisakA anumAna DaoN. zvetA jaina ke prastuta grantha se hotA hai| jainadarzana ke pariprekSya meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA ko lekara isase pUrva aisA vyavasthita evaM vistRta grantha dRSTipatha meM nahIM aayaa| paM. baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya ne "jainadarzana meM kAryakAraNabhAva aura kAraka-vyavasthA" pustaka meM jainadarzanAnusAra kAraNa-kArya kI carcA kI hai, kintu 133 pRSThoM kI isa pustaka meM lakSya jaina vicAraka kAnajI svAmI kI upAdAna-nimitta viSayaka vicAradhArA kA nirasana karanA rahA hai, samagra dRSTikoNa se vahA~ carcA nahIM hai| paM. phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI kI 'jainatattvamImAMsA' evaM 'jayapura khAniyA tattvacarcA' meM bhI jaina darzanAbhimata upAdAna evaM nimitta kAraNoM kA vistRta vivecana huA hai| paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, paM. mahendra kumAra nyAyAcArya Adi kI kRtiyoM meM bhI jaina darzanAnusArI kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA kA vicAra haA hai, kintu koI svatantra grantha isa viSaya para prApta nahIM hotaa| DaoN. zvetA jaina ne jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kAryavyavasthA kA pratipAdana karate hue kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma, puruSa/puruSArtha nAmaka paMcakAraNa samavAya kI vistRta samIkSA kI hai| yaha prastuti jainadarzana evaM bhAratIya paramparA ke pramukha granthoM meM nihita cintana para AdhRta hai| jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya-vimarza jaina darzana ke kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta kI aneka vizeSatAe~ haiN| jinheM saMkSepa meM nimnAMkita binduoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai (1) dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva aura bhava ke AdhAra para kAraNa-kArya kA cintana jainadarzana kA apanA vaiziSTya hai| prAyaH dravya kI kAraNatA se Azaya hai- dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla, jIva aura pudgala kI kaarnntaa| kintu yahA~ AkAza kA samAveza kSetra meM hone se tathA kAla kA pRthak ullekha hone se dravya kI kAraNatA se Azaya pramukhata: jIva evaM pudgala kI kAraNatA hai| dharma evaM adharma dravya to udAsIna nimitta ke rUpa meM kramaza: gati evaM sthiti meM kAraNa banate haiN| pratyeka dravya svapariNamana meM upAdAna kAraNa hotA hai| pudgala evaM jIva dravya anya jIva tathA pudgala ke prati sakriya vyAkhyAprajJapti, zataka 19, uddezaka 9, prajJApanAsUtra pada 23, sUtrakRtAMganiyukti 4, Adi ke AdhAra para kthn| kahIM bhava ke alAvA cAra kA hI kathana hai to kahIM bhava ke sAtha pA~ca karaNoM yA kAraNoM kaa|

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xiv nimitta kAraNa bhI ho sakate haiN| isa prakAra sabhI dravya svapariNamana meM antaraMga aura anya dravyoM ke pariNamana meM bahiraMga kAraNa banate haiN| kSetra kI kAraNatA se Azaya hai AkAza kI kaarnntaa| "khittaM khalu AgAsaM" kathana kSetra ko AkAza pratipAdita kara rahA hai| sabhI dravyoM ko avagAhana hetu sthAna dene ke kAraNa AkAza ko hI kSetra mAnA gayA hai| sabhI dravya AkAza meM hI nivAsa karate haiM, isalie vaha sabakA kSetra yA nivAsa kahA jAtA hai| jo dravya yA padArtha jitanA AkAzIya sthAna gheratA hai, usakA utanA kSetra hotA hai| kAla kI kAraNatA vartanA, pariNAma, kriyA aura paratva-aparatva svarUpa kAryoM kI dRSTi se aMgIkAra kI gaI hai| kAla ke kAraNa hI dharmAstikAya Adi dravya vartana karate haiM arthAt bane rahate haiM, dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to inakA astitva kAla se hI sambhava hotA hai| dravyoM ke paryAya-pariNamana meM, unake parispanda rUpa kriyA meM tathA jyeSThatva-kaniSThatva meM kAla udAsIna nimitta kAraNa hotA hai| bhAva kI kAraNatA kA sambandha vizeSata: jIva se hai| jIva ke pA~ca bhAva svIkAra kiye gaye haiM- audayika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika, aupazamika aura paarinnaamik| chaThA bhAva inake mizraNa se sAnnipAtika kahalAtA hai| audayika bhAva se naraka Adi cAra gatiyA~, krodha Adi cAra kaSAya, strI Adi tIna veda, mithyAdarzana, ajJAna, SaDlezyAe~, asaMyama, saMsAritva aura asiddhatva svarUpa kAryoM kI utpatti hotI hai| aupazamika bhAva se samyaktvalabdhi aura cAritralabdhi tathA krodha-zamana, mAnazamana Adi kArya niSpanna hote haiN| kSAyopazamika bhAva se matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, mana:paryAyajJAna, cakSudarzana, acakSurdarzana, avadhidarzana, samyak-darzana tathA dAna-lAbha-bhoga-upabhoga aura vIryalabdhi prApta hotI hai| jIva kA jIvatva, ajIva kA ajIvatva, bhavyajIva kA bhavyatva aura abhavya jIva kA abhavyatva pAriNAmika bhAva se niSpanna hote haiN| ajIva meM ajIvatva pAriNAmika bhAva hotA hai, kintu ajIva pudgala ke varNa, gaMdha, rasa evaM sparza kI paryAyoM ko bhI unakA bhAva kahA gayA hai| ina bhAvoM kI taratamatA ke anusAra pariNamanarUpa kArya siddha hotA hai| ' aupazamikakSAyikau bhAvau mizrazca jIvasya svatattvamaudayikapAriNAmikau c| - tattvArthasUtra, 2.1 2 chavvidhe bhAve paNNatte odaie, upasamite, khatite, khAovasamite, pariNAmite, snnivaaie| - anuyogadvArasUtra, nAmAdhikAra, sUtra 233

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XV bhava kI kAraNatA kA tAtparya hai- amuka yoni meM janma kI kAraNatA se kisI kArya kA honA / udAharaNArtha- devagati aura narakagati meM janma se hI vaikriya zarIra pAyA jAtA hai| avadhijJAna yA vibhaMgajJAna devoM aura nArakoM meM janma se hotA hai|' tiryaMca gati meM pakSiyoM kA ur3anA, sAMpa kA reMganA, machalI kA tairanA, meMDhaka kA jala-thala meM rahanA Adi kArya bhava kI kAraNatA siddha karate haiN| (2) SaDdravyoM kI kAraNatA jainadarzana kI apanI vizeSatA hai| jIva ke zarIra, mana, vAk, zvAsa, niHzvAsa Adi kArya pudgala dravya ke dvArA sampanna hote haiN| jIvapudgala ke gati, sthiti, avagAhana aura vartanA rUpa kArya kramazaH dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla dravya dvArA sampanna kiye jAte haiN| jIvoM ke gamana-Agamana, bhASA, unmeSa, mana-vacana-kAya yoga kI pravRtti bhI dharmAstikAya ke nimitta se hotI hai| jIvoM ke sthirIkaraNa, niSIdana, mana kI ekAgratA Adi sthira bhAvoM meM adharmAstikAya nimitta banatA hai| AkAza evaM kAla kI kAraNatA kA vicAra Upara bindu na. 1 meM kiyA jA cukA hai| 4 pudgala se jIvoM ke audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, taijasa, kArmaNa zarIroM kA nirmANa hotA hai| jIva dravya bhI anya jIvoM ke lie upakArI hotA hai- " parasparopagraho jIvAnAm" (tattvArthasUtra, 5 . 21) vAkya se isakI puSTi hotI hai / kundakundAcArya dvArA jIva aura pudgala meM nimitta naimittika sambandha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jIva ke rAgAdi pariNAmoM ke nimitta se pudgala karma rUpa meM pariNata hote haiM tathA pudgala karmoM ke nimitta se jIva rAgAdi bhAva meM pariNamana karatA hai|' SaDdravyoM meM kArya-kAraNatA svIkAra karane para bhI jaina darzana yaha mAnatA hai ki dharmAstikAya Adi dravya apane svarUpa kA kabhI tyAga nahIM karate evaM anya dravya rUpa meM pariNamita nahIM hote haiN| (3) jaina darzana meM nirUpita pariNamana bhI eka prakAra kA kArya hI hai tathA pariNamanoM ke AgamoM meM tIna prakAra nirUpita haiM- visrasA pariNamana, prayoga pariNamana 1 tatra bhavapratyayo nArakadevAnAm / - tattvArthasUtra, 1.22 zarIravAGmanaH prANApAnAH pudgalAnAm / - tattvArthasUtra, 5.19 3 vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, zataka 13, uddezaka 4 vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, zataka 13, uddezaka 4 pariNAma kammattaM puggalA pariNamati / puggalakammaNimittaM taheva jIvovi pariNama || 2 4 5 samayasAra, gAthA 80

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xvi aura mina prinnmn| binA kisI bAhya preraka nimitta ke upAdAna meM svataH hone vAlA parivartana visrasA pariNamana kahalAtA hai| dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya evaM kAla dravya meM jo pariNamana hotA hai, vaha vinasA pariNamana hai| jIva aura pudgala meM bhI yaha pariNamana pAyA jAtA hai| jIva meM jJAna, darzana Adi kI paryAyoM kA pariNamana siddhoM meM svAbhAvika rUpa se hotA hai| isI prakAra paramANuoM meM pariNamana bahudhA svAbhAvika rUpa se hotA hai| prayoga-pariNamana meM jIva ke prayatna kA yogadAna rahatA hai, yathA- tantuoM se vastra, miTTI se ghaTa Adi kA nirmANa prayogaja pariNamana hai| misra pariNamana meM svAbhAvika pariNamana evaM jIva ke prayatna donoM kA samAveza hotA hai| (4) tadravya aura anyadravya kI kAraNatA ke rUpa meM vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM usa para malladhArI hemacandra kI vRtti meM carcA kI gaI hai, jo donoM kramaza: upAdAna aura nimitta kAraNoM ke sUcaka haiN| paTa kArya kI utpatti meM tantu 'tadravya kAraNa' tathA vemAdi ko 'tad anya dravya kAraNa' svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| (5) kartA, karma, karaNa, sampradAna, apAdAna, adhikaraNa-ina SaTkArakoM ko vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM kAraNa ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki ye sabhI kriyA yA kArya kI janakatA meM sahayogI hote haiN| vyAkaraNa-darzana meM kriyA kA janaka hone se hI kartA, karma Adi ko kAraka kahA gayA hai| (6) jainadArzanikoM ke anusAra nityAnityAtmaka, dravyaparyAyAtmaka, sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka athavA sadRzAsadRzAtmaka padArthoM meM hI kArya-kAraNa bhAva ghaTita ho sakatA hai| jainadArzanikoM kA mantavya hai ki kArya-kAraNa bhAva arthakriyA karane vAle padArthoM meM hI saMbhava hai aura arthakriyA sarvathA nitya tathA sarvathA anitya padArthoM meM na krama se ho sakatI hai aura na yugpt| nityAnityAtmaka padArthoM meM hI arthakriyA kA ghaTana ho sakatA hai isalie unameM hI kArya-kAraNa bhAva saMbhava hai| 1 vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, zataka 8, uddezaka 1 2 vizeSAvazyakabhASya, divyadarzana TrasTa, mumbaI, dvitIyabhAga, pR0 434 vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2112-2118 (1) kAryakAraNabhAvazcArthakriyAsiddhau sidhyet| - SaDdarzanasamuccaya, vRtti, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, pR0 389 (2) arthakriyA na yujyeta nitykssnnikpkssyoH| kramAkramAbhyAM bhAvAnAM sA lakSaNatayA mtaa| - bhaTTa akalaMka, laghIyastraya, 4.

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xvii (7) jaina dArzanika kArya-kAraNa meM bhedAbhedatA svIkAra karate haiN| jisa prakAra ghaTa-kArya mRttikA kAraNa se bhinna bhI hotA hai aura abhinna bhI, usI prakAra pratyeka kArya apane kAraNa se bhinna bhI hotA hai aura abhinna bhii| sAMkhyadarzana kAraNa evaM kArya meM ekAnta abheda mAnatA hai tathA vaizeSika darzana inameM ekAnta bheda svIkAra karatA hai| ina donoM kI mAnyatAoM kA jainadArzanikoM ne nirasana kiyA hai| jainadArzanikoM kA mantavya hai ki kArya apane kAraNa se abhidhAna, saMkhyA, lakSaNa Adi se bhinna bhI hotA hai tathA sattva, jJeyatva Adi apekSA se vaha abhinna bhI hotA hai|' (8) jaina darzana meM kAraNa-kArya ko sadasadAtmaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isameM kAraNa bhI sadasadAtmaka hotA hai tathA kArya bhI sadasadAtmaka hotA hai| kArya apanI utpatti ke pUrva asat hotA hai tathA utpatti ke pazcAt sat hotA hai, jabaki kAraNa kArya kI utpatti ke pUrva sat hotA hai tathA utpatti ke pazcAt vaha asat ho jAtA hai| isa dRSTi se kArya evaM kAraNa donoM sadasadAtmaka hote haiN| (9) upAdAna evaM nimitta bhedoM kA pratipAdana bhI jainadarzana meM huA hai| jisa kAraNa meM kArya utpanna hotA hai athavA jo kArya kA pramukha kAraNa hotA hai use upAdAna kahate haiM tathA sahakArI kAraNa ko nimitta kAraNa kahA jAtA hai| vedAntadarzana meM upAdAna evaM nimitta zabdoM se hI kArya-kAraNa-vyavasthA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| ye zabda jainadarzana meM vidyAnanda kI aSTasahasrI, bRhadrvyasaMgrahaTIkA, svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA Adi granthoM meM prayukta hue haiN| phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI ne jainatattvamImAMsA meM upAdAna-nimitta kI vistRta carcA kI hai| (10) kArya utpanna ho jAne ke anantara apanI arthakriyA meM vaha kAraNa sApekSa nahIM rahatA hai, isakA pratipAdana prabhAcandra (980-1065I.) ne prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM kiyA hai| 1 (1) malladhArI hemacandra, vizeSAvazyakabhASya vRtti, gAthA 2103 evaM 2911 (2) syAdvAdaratnAkara, bhAratIya buka kArporezana dillI, pR0 803 2 jainadarzana meM sAMkhya ke satkAryavAda, nyAya-vaizeSika ke asatkAryavAda, vedAnta ke satkAraNavAda evaM bauddhoM ke asatkAraNa kA nirasana kara sadasatkAryavAda evaM sadasatkAraNavAda kI siddhi kI gaI hai| 3 aSTasahasrI, pR0 210, bRhadrvyasaMgrahaTIkA, gAthA 21, svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 217 4 prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1, pR0 416-417

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xviii paMcakAraNa samavAya kI pRSThabhUmi yathA zvetAzvataropaniSad meM vibhinna kAraNavAdoM kA ullekha huA hai, kAlaH svabhAvo niyatiryadRcchA, bhUtAni yoniH puruSa iti cintyA / saMyoga eSAM na tvAtmabhAvAdAtmApyanIzaH sukhaduHkhahetoH / / - zvetAzvataropaniSad, 1.2 kAla, svabhAva, niyati, yadRcchA, paMcamahAbhUta, yoni, puruSa- inakA saMyoga sRSTi kA kAraNa hai, mAtra AtmabhAva se yaha sRSTi nirmita nahIM huI hai, kyoMki sukhaduHkha ke kAraNa AtmA bhI svayaM kI Iza nahIM hai| yahA~ para yaha saMketa prApta hotA hai ki zvetAzvatara upaniSad meM cetana evaM acetana donoM ke saMyoga ko sRSTi kA kAraNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha upaniSad usa samaya pracalita sRSTi kI utpatti evaM usake saMcAlana viSayaka vibhinna matoM ko prastuta kara rahA hai| kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, niyativAda, yadRcchAvAda, paMcabhUtavAda, yonivAda evaM puruSavAda ina sAta matoM kI ora yahA~ saMketa mila rahA hai| upaniSad kA yaha mantra vibhinna vAdoM meM samanvaya sthApita kara rahA hai| isI prakAra kA samanvaya hameM siddhasenasUri (pAMcavIM zatI) ke 'sanmatitarka prakaraNa' kI nimnAMkita gAthA meM prApta hotA hai| kAlo sahAvaNiyaI, puvvakayaM purise kAraNegaMtA / micchattaM te ceva, samAsao hoMti sammattaM / / kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta (karma), evaM puruSa ( cetana tattva, AtmA, jIva) inheM ekAnta kAraNa mAnane para ye mithyAtva ke dyotaka hai tathA inakA sAmAsika (sammilita) rUpa samyaktva kahalAtA hai| - sanmatitarka, 3.53 siddhasenasUri (siddhasena divAkara) yahA~ zvetAzvataropaniSad meM ukta yadRcchAvAda, paMcabhUtavAda evaM yonivAda ke martoM ko asvIkRta karate hue pUrvakRta karma kA nUtana ullekha kara rahe haiN| jainadarzana yadRcchAvAda athavA AkasmikavAda ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| vaha kArya-kAraNa vyavasthA ko aMgIkAra karatA hai| paMcabhUta nAma jaina darzana meM pracalita nahIM hai, inakA samAveza pRthvIkAyikAdi jIvoM evaM pugaloM meM ho jAtA hai| jaina darzana dravya kI kAraNatA ko aMgIkAra karatA hai, jisameM pudgala dravyoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| yoni kA tAtparya hai utpatti sthAna / isakA samAveza puruSa ( cetana tattva) evaM svabhAva meM

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xix kiyA jA sakatA hai| isalie isakI pRthak gaNanA karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| dUsare vibhAgAnusAra yoni ko 'bhava' kAraNa meM samAviSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| pUrvakRta karma ko jainadarzana svIkAra karatA hai, ata: use ukta gAthA meM sthAna diyA gayA hai| jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta kI pahale se hI vyavasthA hote hue bhI usake anekAntavAda evaM nayavAda siddhAnta ke kAraNa siddhasenasUri ne kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta(karma) evaM puruSa (jIva evaM usakI kriyA) ke samudAya ko kArya kI utpatti meM kAraNa svIkAra kiyA hai| jainadarzana meM ye pA~coM kAraNa uttarakAla meM paMca kAraNasamavAya athavA paMcasamavAya ke nAma se prasiddha hue haiN| siddhasenasari ina pA~coM kA samanvaya karane vAle prathama jaina dArzanika haiM, jo inake ekAntavAda ko mithyA evaM sammilita rUpa ko samyak kahate haiN| paMcakAraNa-samavAya kA yaha siddhAnta jaina mAnyatAoM se aviruddha hai| isIlie siddhasenasUri ke anantara vibhinna jaina dArzanikoM ne paMcakAraNasamavAya siddhAnta kA tArkika samarthana kiyA hai| ina dArzanikoM meM haribhadrasUri (700-770I.), zIlAMkAcArya (9-10vIM,zatI) abhayadevasUri (10vIM zatI), malladhArI rAjazekharasUri (12-13vIM zatI), yazovijaya (17vIM zatI), upAdhyAya vinayavijaya (17vIM zatI) Adi kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| Adhunika yuga meM paNDita ToDaramala, kAnajI svAmI, zrI tiloka RSi jI, zatAvadhAnI ratanacandra jI, AcArya mahAprajJa Adi ne paMca samavAya ke siddhAnta ko puSTa kiyA hai| samprati jaina dharma ke sabhI sampradAyoM meM paMcakAraNasamavAya siddhAnta mAnya evaM pratiSThita hai| jainadarzana sRSTi utpatti kI dRSTi se kAraNoM kI carcA nahIM karatA, kyoMki isameM sRSTi ko anAdi ananta svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| __kAlAdi pA~ca kAraNoM ke samudAya ko kArya kI siddhi meM kAraNa svIkAra karanA jaina darzana kI samanvayAtmaka dRSTi kA sUcaka hai| yaha usake vyApaka dRSTikoNa ko bhI iMgita karatA hai| jainadarzana meM kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma, puruSa/puruSakAra kI kAraNatA aneka kAryoM meM siddha hai| jainadarzana ke paMcakAraNasamavAya meM sammilita kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRtakarma evaM puruSavAda/puruSakAra ke sambandha meM prAcIna bhAratIya vAGmaya meM vividha prakAra kI jAnakAriyA~ prApta hotI haiN| inako ekAnta rUpa se kAraNa mAnane vAle kAlavAda Adi siddhAntoM ke svatantra grantha prApta nahIM hote, kintu DaoN. zvetA jaina ne inake sambandha meM parizramapUrvaka sAmagrI juTAyI hai| yahA~ kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda Adi para saMkSepa meM prakAza DAlA jA rahA hai| 1 grantha meM lekhikA ke dvArA ina dArzanikoM kI yathAsthAna carcA kI gaI hai| 2 inake mantavyoM ke ullekha hetu draSTavya isa grantha kA saptama adhyaay|

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XX kAlavAda evaM jainadarzana meM kAla kI kathaMcit kAraNatA kAlavAda se Azaya hai aisI vicAradhArA jo kAla ko hI kAraNa mAnakara samasta kArya usI se niSpanna honA svIkAra karatI hai| isa vicAradhArA kA koI svatantra grantha nahIM milatA, kintu bhAratIya paramparA meM isakI gaharI jar3eM rahI haiN| atharvaveda, nArAyaNopaniSad, zivapurANa, bhagavadgItA Adi granthoM meM to kAla ko paramatattva, paramAtmA, parabrahma, Izvara Adi svarUpoM meM pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai| atharvaveda ke 19veM kANDa ke 53-54 veM sUktoM ko kAlasUkta ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| inameM kahA gayA hai ki kAla ne prajA ko utpanna kiyA, kAla ne prajApati ko utpanna kiyA, svayambhU kazyapa kAla se utpanna hue haiM tathA tapa bhI kAla se utpanna huaa| kAla sabhI kA Izvara aura prajApati kA pitA hai| nArAyaNopaniSad meM kAla ko nArAyaNa kahA gayA hai| akSyupaniSad meM kAla ko samasta padArthoM kA nirantara nirmAtA kahA gayA hai- "kAlazca kalanodyuktaH srvbhaavaanaartm"| mANDUkyopaniSad para racita gauDapAdakArikA (1.8) meM kAlavAda kA spaSTa ullekha huA hai- "kAlAtprasUtiM bhUtAnAM manyante kaalcintkaa:"| zivapurANa bhI kahatA hai ki kAla se hI saba utpanna hotA hai tathA kAla se hI vinAza ko prApta hotA hai| kAla se nirapekSa kahIM kucha nahIM hai| viSNupurANa meM ullekha hai ki kAlasvarUpa bhagavAn anAdi haiM aura inakA anta bhI nahIM hotaa| zrImadbhAgavata meM nirUpita hai ki puruSavizeSa Izvara kAla ko upAdAna kAraNa banAkara apane Apa se vizvarUpa sRSTi kI racanA karatA hai| mahAbhArata ko vizvakoSa kahA jAtA hai, ataH kAlavAda ke bhI saMketa isameM prApta hote haiN| mahAbhArata meM nigadita hai ki sthAvara-jaMgama prANI sabhI kAla ke adhIna haiN| sUrya, candramA, jala, vAyu, indra, agni, AkAza, pRthvI, mitra, parjanya, vasu, aditi, nadI, samudra Adi sabhI kA kartA kAla hai| sRSTigata kAryoM ke sAtha-sAtha kAla svayaM sRSTi kA racanAkAra aura saMhArakartA hai| zrImadbhagavadgItA (11.32) meM zrIkRSNa ne svayaM ko kAla kahA hai| ve arjuna se kahate haiM-"kAlo'smi lokakSayakRtpravRddho, lokAn samAhartumiha prvRttH|" sArI jyotirvidyA kAlAzrita hai| kAla ke hI AdhAra para jyotirvidyA meM gaNita evaM phalita niSpAdita kie gaye haiN| kAla: prajA asRjata, kAlo agre prjaaptim| svayambhUH kazyapaH kAlAt tapaH kaalaadjaayt|| - atharvaveda, kANDa 19, adhyAya 6, sUtra 53, maMtra 10

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xxi 3 bhAratIya darzana bhI kAla kI carcA karate haiM, kintu ve kAlavAdI nahIM hai, kyoMki ve eka mAtra kAla se kArya kI utpatti nahIM maante| kAla ko bhAratIya darzana meM prAyaH sAdhAraNa nimitta kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| vaizeSika darzana ise dravya mAnatA hai tathA ise eka, nitya, vyApaka evaM amUrta svIkAra karatA hai| unake anusAra kAla kI siddhi jyeSThatva, kaniSThatva, krama, yaugapadya, cira, kSipra Adi pratyayoM se hotI hai / ' nyAyadarzana meM mAnya 12 prameyoM meM kAla kI gaNanA nahIM huI hai, kintu prakArAntara se nyAyadarzana meM kAla ko avazya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| udAharaNArtha mana kI siddhi karate hue akSapAda gautama kahate haiM -"yugapajjJAnAnutpattirmanaso liGgam / " ( nyAyasUtra 1. 1. 16) yahA~ yugapat zabda kAla kA hI bodhaka hai| eka anya sthala para dizA, deza aura AkAza ke sAtha kAla zabda kA bhI kAraNatA ke sambandha meM prayoga kiyA gayA hai| " sAMkhyadarzana meM kAla ko AkAza tattva kA hI svarUpa mAnA gayA hai| yogadarzana meM kSaNa ko vAstavika tathA krama ko avAstavika svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki do kSaNa kabhI bhI sAtha nahIM rahate haiN| pahale vAle kSaNa ke anantara dUsare kSaNa kA honA hI krama kahalAtA hai, isalie vartamAna eka kSaNa hI vAstavika hai, pUrvottara kSaNa nahIM | muhUrta, ahorAtra Adi jo kSaNa samAhAra rUpa vyavahAra hai vaha buddhikalpita hai, vAstavika nhiiN| mImAMsAdarzana meM kAla kA svarUpa vaizeSika darzana ke samAna mAnA gayA hai, kintu vaizeSika jahA~ kAla ko apratyakSa mAnate haiM vahA~ mImAMsaka use pratyakSa svIkAra karate haiN|" advaitavedAnta meM kAla ko vyAvahArika rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| zuddhAdvaita darzana meM kAla ko atIndriya hone se kArya se anumita svIkAra kiyA gayA hai|' vyAkaraNadarzana meM bhartRhari ke vAkyapadIya meM tRtIyakANDa kA 'kAlasamuddeza' kAla ke svarUpa evaM bhedoM kI carcA se sampRkta hai| TIkAkAra helArAja ne kAla ko amUrta kriyA ke pariccheda kA hetu nirUpita kiyA hai - "kAlo'mUrtakriyA paricchedahetuH " " bauddhadarzana meM bhI kAla ko bhUta, vartamAna evaM bhaviSya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai tathA kSaNika padArtha kI vyAkhyA 9 kAlaH parAparavyatikarayaugapadyacirakSiprapratyayaliGgam / - prazastapAdabhASya, dravyanirUpaNa digdezakAlAkAzeSvapyevaM prasaMga: / - nyAyasUtra 2.1.23 dikkAlAvakAzAdibhyaH / - sAMkhyapravacanabhASya, dvitIya adhyAya, sUtra 12 2 3 4 5 6 7 yogabhASya, yogasUtra 3.52 para nAsmAkaM vaizeSikAdivadapratyakSaH kAlaH, kintu pratyakSa eva, asmin kSaNe mayopalabdha ityanubhavAt / - zAstradIpikA, 5.1.5.5 atIndriyatvena kAryAnumeyatvena c| - prasthAnaratnAkara, pR0 202 vAkyapadIya, kAlasamuddeza, kArikA 2 para helArAjakRta prakAza vyAkhyA /

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xxii karate hue ve kAla ko bhI mahattva dete haiN| hA~, bauddhadarzana meM kSaNasthAyI ghaTAdi padArtha ko bhI kSaNa kahA gayA hai| bhAratIya darzana meM jahA~ bhI kAla kI carcA hai vahA~ use kArya kI utpatti meM AkAza kI bhA~ti sAdhAraNa kAraNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, kintu ekamAtra kAla se kArya kI utpatti mAnya nahIM kI gaI hai| jainadarzana meM bhI kAla ko dravya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, kintu kArya kI utpatti meM use udAsIna nimitta kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| pratyeka dravya ke paryAya pariNamana meM jainadarzana kAla ko kAraNa mAnatA hai| jainadarzana meM kAla kI vistRta carcA prApta hotI hai| tattvArthasatra meM vartanA, pariNAma, kriyA, paratva evaM aparatva ko kAla ke upakAra yA kArya kahA gayA hai| samasta padArthoM kI jo kAla ke Azrita vRtti hai vaha vartanA hai| vastu kA vartanamAtra vartanA hai| dravya utpatti avasthA meM ho, sthiti avasthA meM ho athavA gati avasthA meM vaha jisa bhI avasthA meM prathama samaya meM vartamAna hai vaha kAla ke vartanA nAmaka upagraha yA kArya kA phala hai| jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma aura AkAza dravyoM kI vartanA bahiraMga kAraNa kI apekSA rakhatI hai aura unakA bahiraMga kAraNa kAla hai| kAla ke vartana kA usase bhinna koI kAraNa nahIM hai, anyathA anavasthA doSa utpanna hogaa| dravya kI svajAti kA tyAga kiye binA dravya kA prayogalakSaNa (jIva ke prayatna se janya) tathA visrasAlakSaNa (svabhAvataH utpanna) vikAra pariNAma kahalAtA hai| kriyA parispandAtmikA hotI hai| tattvArthabhASya meM gati ko kriyA kahA hai tathA ise tIna prakAra kA nirUpita kiyA gayA hai- prayogagati, visrasAgati evaM mizrikAgati / vidyAnanda ne tattvArthazlokavArtika meM kriyA ko dravya kI vaha parispandAtmaka paryAya mAnA hai jo dezAntara prApti meM hetu hotI hai tathA vaha gati, bhramaNa Adi bhedoM se yukta hotI hai| yadi kAla na ho to kriyA kI avadhAraNA ghaTita nahIM ho sktii| paratva-aparatva zabdoM kA prayoga kAla ke sandarbha meM jyeSTha-kaniSTha, nayA-purAnA Adi arthoM meM athavA pUrvabhAvI-pazcAdbhAvI ke artha meM hotA hai| jainadarzana meM kAla amUrta hai| vaha varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza se rahita evaM agurulaghu hai| vaha apradezI kiMvA eka pradezI arthAt anastikAya hotA hai| loka meM pratyeka AkAza pradeza para eka pRthak kAlANu kI sattA bauddhAnAM mate kSaNapadena ghaTAdireva padArtho vyavahriyate, na tu tadatiriktaH kazcit kSaNo nAma kAlo'sti...... kSaNikaH padArtha iti vyavahArastu bhedklpnyaa| - brahmavidyAbharaNa, dvitIya, 2.20 2 vartanApariNAmakriyAparatvAtve ca kaalsy| - tattvArthasUtra, 5.22 3 tattvArthabhASya 5.22 4 tattvArthabhASya 5.22

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xxiii hai| ananta paryAyoM kI vartanA meM nimitta hone se yaha kAla ananta bhI kahA jAtA hai| ina kAlANuoM meM snigdha evaM rukSa guNa kA abhAva hone se inakA pradeza pracaya athavA saMcaya nahIM bana pAtA hai| samaya, AvalikA, muhUrta, ahorAtra, pakSa Adi ko jainadarzana meM addhAsamaya athavA vyavahAra kAla kahA gayA hai, jo manuSyoM dvArA aDhAIdvIpa (jambUdvIpa, dhAtakIkhaNDa evaM arddhapuSkaradvIpa) meM hI vyavahRta hotA hai| vyavahAra kAla ko saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta ke bheda se bhI samajhA jAtA hai| jainadArzanikoM ne kAla kI kAraNatA ko udAsIna nimitta ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai tathA kAlavAda kI mAnyatAoM kA pUrvapakSa meM upasthApana kara nirasana kiyA hai| kAlavAda ke upasthApana evaM vidhivat nirasana meM mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa (5vIM zatI), haribhadrasUri (700-770I.), zIlAMkAcArya (9vIM-10vIM zatI), abhayadevasUri (10vIM zatI) kA vizeSa yogadAna rahA hai| ina dArzanikoM kI kRtiyoM meM pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM kAla ko parama tattva, paramAtmA, Izvara Adi ke rUpa meM to pratipAdita nahIM kiyA gayA hai, kintu samasta kAraNoM ke upalabdha hone para bhI kAla ke binA kArya nahIM hone ke aneka udAharaNa die gae haiN| jainadArzanika kAlavAda kA nirasana karate hue vibhinna tarka dete haiN| do, tIna tarka udAharaNArtha yahA~ prastuta hai (1) haribhadrasUri kahate haiM ki ekamAtra kAla ko kAraNa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki kAla ke samAna hone para bhI kArya samAna nahIM dekhA jaataa| (2) zIlAMkAcArya kahate haiM ki kyA kAla eka svabhAvI, nitya aura vyApaka hai ? aisA svIkAra karane meM koI pramANa nahIM hai, dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki kAla ko eka svabhAvI, nitya evaM vyApaka mAnane para usameM pUrvApara vyavahAra sambhava nahIM hai| yadi vaha samayAdi rUpa se pariNamana karake kAraNa banatA hai to bhI mAtra use hI kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki eka hI samaya meM koI mUMga pakatA hai tathA koI nhiiN| (3) abhayadevasUri kA tarka hai ki pratyeka kArya ke lie pRthak-pRthak kAla kI kAraNatA svIkAra karanA upayukta nahIM hai, kyoMki isameM anityatA Adi doSa Ate haiN| kAla kI krama se evaM yugapad donoM prakAra se hI kAraNatA svIkAra nahIM kI jA sktii| krama se kAraNa hone para usameM anityatva doSa AtA hai tathA yugapad kAryotpatti mAnane para sabhI kArya eka sAtha utpanna ho jAne evaM phira dvitIya kSaNa meM kAla ke akiMcitkara hone kI avasthA banatI hai| 1 gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa, 589 evaM dravyasaMgrahavRtti, 22 2 tarkoM kI vistRta carcA grantha meM kI gaI hai|

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xxiv kAla ko hI ekAnta kAraNa mAnane kA jainadArzanika khaNDana karate haiM, kintu usakI kathaMcit kAraNatA unheM svIkArya hai| jainadarzana meM pratyeka dravya ke paryAyapariNamana meM kAla kI kAraNatA aMgIkAra kI gaI hai| dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, jIvAstikAya evaM pudgalAstikAya ke paryAya-pariNamana meM kAla pramukha udAsIna nimitta kAraNa hai| yahI nahIM sabhI dravyoM kA vartana kAla se hI sambhava hotA hai| kriyA evaM jyeSTha-kaniSTha kA bodha bhI kAla ke binA sambhava nhiiN| kAlalabdhi ko mokSa meM bhI hetu mAnA gayA hai| karmasiddhAnta meM abAdhAkAla kI avadhAraNA bhI kAla kI kAraNatA kA dyotana karatI hai| jainadarzana meM kAla ke svarUpa evaM kAraNatA kI carcA pUrva meM bhI kI jA cukI hai| svabhAvavAda evaM jainadarzana meM usakI kathaMcit kAraNatA svabhAvavAda ke anusAra sabhI kArya svabhAvajanya hote haiN| kAMToM kI tIkSNatA, mRgoM aura pakSiyoM ke vicitra varNa evaM svarUpa svabhAva se hote haiN| svabhAvavAda kA vedoM meM sIdhA ullekha nahIM hai, kintu veda vyAkhyAkAra paM. madhusUdana ojhA ne nAsadIyasUkta ke AdhAra para dasa vAdoM kA sthApana kiyA hai| ina dasa vAdoM ke antargata aparavAda ko svabhAvavAda kahA hai| ve "a para" kA artha "sva"(a+para) karate haiM tathA svabhAvavAda ko cAra rUpoM meM prastuta karate haiM-(1)pariNAmavAda (2) yadRcchAvAda (3) niyativAda (4) pauruSI prkRtivaad|' svabhAva se hone vAlA pariNamana "pariNAmavAda" kahA gayA hai| udAharaNa ke lie agni kI jvAlA se tApa aura prakAza svataH hote haiN| jala meM zItalatA aura anna-jala se tRpti svabhAvataH hotI hai| yadRcchAvAda ko "AkasmikavAda" bhI kahA jAtA hai| yaha eka pRthak vicAradhArA ke rUpa meM pracalita rahA, kintu paM. ojhA ne ise svabhAvavAda kA hI eka prakAra svIkAra kiyA hai| niyativAda ko bhI paM. ojhA ne svabhAvavAda kA aMga mAnA hai| prAcInakAla meM bhI tiloM se tela hotA thA, Aja bhI hotA hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI hotA rahegA, yaha niyati eka svabhAva hai| prakRtivAda bhI svabhAvavAda hai kyoMki triguNAtmikatA prakRti meM svabhAva se pariNamana hotA hai| unhoMne svabhAva kA sambandha prakRtivAda se mAnA hai tathA puruSa ko svabhAvAtIta svIkAra kiyA hai| padArthoM kI niyata zakti kA nAma svabhAva hai| jaise agni kA svabhAva hai uSNatA-"svabhAvo nAma padArthAnAM pratiniyatA zaktiH svabhAvametaM pariNAmameke prAhuryadRcchAM niyatiM tthaike| syAt pauruSI prakRtistaditthaM svabhAvavAdasya gtishcturdhaa|| - aparavAda, madhusUdana ojhA zodha prakoSTha, jodhapura, lokAyatavAda adhikaraNa, zloka 6, pR0 2

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XXV agneraussnnymiv"|' harivaMzapurANa meM jagat ko svabhAvakRta pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai-"svAbhAvAjjAyate sarva svabhAvAcca te tathA'bhavan, ahaMkAraH svabhAvAcca tathA sarvamidaM jgt| svabhAva se hI sabakI utpatti hotI hai, svabhAva se hI vastue~ vaisI huI haiN| svabhAva se hI yaha ahaMkAra tathA yaha sArA jagat prakaTa huA hai| mANDUkyakArikA meM pratipAdita hai ki amara vastu kabhI maraNazIla nahIM hotI aura na maraNazIla vastu kabhI amr| kyoMki koI bhI vastu apane svabhAva ke viparIta nahIM ho sakatI hai| bhagavadgItA meM bhI svabhAvavAda kA pratipAdana hai| kyoMki vahA~ svabhAva se utpanna guNoM ke AdhAra para brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra ke karmoM kA vibhAga kiyA gayA hai| gItA meM kahA gayA hai "na kartRtvaM na karmANi lokasya sRjati prbhuH| na karmaphalasaMyogaM svabhAvastu prvrtte||"-bhgvdgiitaa, 5.14 arthAt loka ke kartRtva, karma aura karmaphalasaMyoga kI prabhu ne racanA nahIM kI hai, apitu svabhAva ina sabameM pravRtta huA hai| rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata meM bhI svabhAvavAda kA ullekha huA hai| "svabhAvaM bhUtacintakA:" vAkya ke dvArA paMcabhUtoM ko svIkAra karane vAle svabhAvavAda ko apanI vicAradhArA meM sthAna dete haiN| pA~ca bhUtoM meM apa, AkAza, vAyu, jyoti aura pRthvI kA samAveza hotA hai| ye svabhAva se hI sAtha rahate haiM aura svabhAva se hI viyukta hote haiM / buddhacarita meM spaSTa rUpa se svabhAvavAda kA ullekha huA hai| bRhatsaMhitA, paMcataMtra, hitopadeza Adi sAhityika kRtiyoM meM bhI svabhAva kI carcA hai| paM. nArAyaNa ne svabhAva ko duratikrama batAyA hai| sAMkhyakArikA kI mATharavRtti meM svabhAva kI kAraNatA kA spaSTa ullekha huA hai| nyAyasUtra evaM / zAMkarabhASya, zvetAzvataropaniSad, 1.2 2 harivaMzapurANa, dvitIyakhaNDa, saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjA kutuba barelI, pR0 189, zloka 13 3 na bhavatyamRtaM mayaM na martyamamRtaM tthaa| prakRteranyathA bhAvo na kathaMcid bhvissyti|| - mANDUkyakArikA, 3.20 mahAbhArata, zAnti parva, adhyAya 232, zloka 19 kaH kaNTakasya prakaroti taikSNyaM vicitrabhAvaM mRgapakSiNAM vaa| svabhAvataH sarvamidaM pravRttaM na kAmacAro'sti kutaH prytnH|| - buddhacarita, 9.62 yaH svabhAvo hi yasyAsti sa nityaM durtikrmH| - hitopadeza, vigraha, zloka 60 kena zuklIkRtA haMsAH zukAzca hritiikRtaaH| svabhAvavyatirekeNa vidyate nAtra kaarnnm|| - mATharavRtti, sAMkhyakArikA, 61

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xxvi nyAyabhASya meM svabhAvavAda kA upasthApana evaM nirasana kiyA gayA hai|' vAkyapadIya meM svAbhAvikI pratibhA kA ullekha hai| bauddha grantha tattvasaMgraha meM zAntarakSita ne svabhAvavAda kA ullekha spaSTa rUpa se kiyA hai| svabhAvavAdiyoM ke anusAra padArthoM kI utpatti samasta sva-para kAraNoM se nirapekSa hotI hai| kamala ke parAga, mayUra ke candovA Adi kA nirmANa kisI ke dvArA nahIM kiyA gayA, svabhAva se hI unakI upalabdhi hotI hai| nyAyakusumAJjali meM udayanAcArya ne AkasmikavAda ke antargata svabhAvavAda kI carcA kI hai| cArvAka darzana meM jagat kI vicitratA ko svabhAva se hI utpanna mAnA gayA hai| cArvAka darzana svabhAvavAda kA pratinidhi darzana hai| jaina Agama praznavyAkaraNa sUtra, nandIsUtra kI avacUri, haribhadra sUri racita lokatattvanirNaya evaM zAstravArtAsamuccaya, zIlAMkAcAryakRta AcArAMga evaM sUtrakRtAMga kI TIkA prabhRti granthoM meM svabhAvavAda kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| inake atirikta mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ke dvAdazAranayacakra, jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ke vizeSAvazyakabhASya, haribhadrasUri racita dharmasaMgrahaNi, abhayadevasUri kRta tattvabodhavidhAyanI TIkA meM svabhAvavAda kA upasthApana evaM nirasana prApta hotA hai| jaina granthoM meM pratipAdita svabhAvavAda evaM usake nirasana se svabhAvavAda ke sambandha meM vibhinna tathya prakaTa hue haiN| jainAcAryoM dvArA nirUpita svabhAvavAda kI vizeSatAoM kI carcA DaoN. zvetA jaina ne vistAra se kI hai| yahA~ katipaya vizeSatAe~ dI jA rahI haiM ___(1) praznavyAkaraNasUtra ke TIkAkAra jJAnavimalasUri ne svabhAvavAda kA svarUpa pratipAdita karate hue kahA hai ki sUMTha meM tiktatA aura haritakI meM virecanazIlatA kA guNa svabhAva se hI hotA hai| nandIsUtra kI avacUri meM kahA gayA hai ki svabhAvavAda ke anusAra sabhI padArtha svabhAva se utpanna hote haiM, kyoMki miTTI se kumbha utpanna hotA hai, paTAdi nhiiN|' (2) zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM kahA gayA hai ki pratyeka padArtha apane svabhAvAnusAra hI kArya ko utpanna karatA hai| yadi sabhI vastuoM kI utpatti meM miTTI nyAyasUtra, adhyAya 4, sUtra 22-24 2 vAkyapadIya, vAkyakANDa, kArikA, 149-150 3 tattvasaMgraha, zloka 111-112 praznavyAkaraNa, mRSAvAda prakaraNa, jJAnavimalasUriTIkA, zAradA mudraNAlaya, ratanapola, ahamadAbada (1) nandIsUtra, malayagirikRta avacUri, pR0 179 (2) SaDdarzanasamuccaya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, pR0 19-20 para bhI uddht|

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xxvii Adi kI samAna kAraNatA mAnI jAe to kAraNa-kArya kI vyavasthA nahIM bana skegii|' haribhadrasUri svabhAvavAda kA pakSa rakhate hue kahate haiM- pUrva-pUrva upAdAna pariNAma uttarottara hone vAle tattat upAdeya pariNAmoM ke prati kAraNa haiN| udAharaNa ke lie bIja kA carama kSaNAtmaka pariNAma aMkura ke prathama kSaNAtmaka pariNAma kA kAraNa hotA hai| isa prakAra kramavat kAryajanakatva bhI svabhAva hai|' (3) mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa dvAdazAranayacakra meM svabhAvavAda ko prastuta karate hue kahate haiM ki bhUmi, jala Adi dravyoM kI apekSA rakhakara kaNTakAdi kI utpatti hotI hai, yaha bhI svabhAva hI hai| bhUmi Adi nimittoM kI nimittatA bhI svAbhAvika hai| isakA tAtparya yaha bhI hai ki svabhAvavAda meM upAdAna evaM nimitta donoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| zIlAMkAcArya ne tajjIvataccharIravAdI ke mata meM svabhAva se hI jagat kI vicitratA ko upapanna batAyA hai| kArya kI utpatti meM svabhAva se bhinna dravyoM kI upasthiti se svabhAvavAdiyoM ko koI Apatti nahIM hai, kyoMki ve anya kAraNoM ko svabhAva ke antargata sammilita karate haiN| svabhAvavAda ke nirasana meM bhI jainadArzanika sabala tarka prastuta karate haiN| katipaya tarka draSTavya hai (1) mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa svabhAvavAdiyoM se prazna karate haiM ki svabhAva vyApaka hai yA pratyeka vastu meM parisamApta hotA hai ? yadi vyApaka hai to ekarUpa hone ke kAraNa pararUpa kA abhAva hone se sva yA para vizeSaNa nirarthaka hai| yadi yaha pratyeka vasta meM parisamApta hotA hai to loka meM pracalita ghaTa ke ghaTatva, paTa ke paTatva svabhAva Adi se bhinna yaha svabhAva nahIM ho skegaa| (2) haribhadrasUri ne dharmasaMgrahaNi meM aneka prazna khaDe kie haiN| svabhAva bhAvarUpa hai yA abhAvarUpa ? yadi bhAva rUpa hai to ekarUpa hai yA anekarUpa ? yadi anekarUpa hai to vaha mUrta hai yA amUrta ? yadi mUrta hai to vaha jainadarzana meM mAnya karma se aviziSTa yAnI pudgalarUpa hogaa| yadi amUrta hai to vaha anugraha evaM upaghAta na karane se 9 draSTavya, zAstravArtAsamuccaya, stabaka, 2, zloka 60 2 puurvpuurvopaadaanprinnaamaanaamevottrotropaadeyprinnaamhetutvaat| - zAstravArtAsamuccaya TIkA, stabaka 2, zloka 60 dvAdazAranayacakra, bhAga 1, pR0 223-224 draSTavya, sUtrakRtAMga, 1.1.1 ke zloka 12 kI ttiikaa| dvAdazAranayacakra, bhAga 1, pR0 233

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Xxviii sukha-duHkha kA hetu nahIM ho sktaa| svabhAva yadi eka rUpa hai to vaha nitya hai yA anitya ? yadi nitya hai to vaha bhAvoM/padArthoM kI utpatti meM hetu nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki utpatti meM hetu hone se usameM parivartana A jAtA hai| yadi vaha anitya hai to eka rUpa hokara anitya nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki vividha rUpoM vAlA hotA hai, athavA aneka hotA hai| isa prakAra vibhinna takoM se jainadArzanika mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa, jinabhadragaNi (6-7vIM zatI), haribhadrasUri, zIlAMkAcArya, abhayadevasUri, yazovijaya(17vIM zatI) Adi ne svabhAvavAda kA nirasana kiyA hai| jainadArzanikoM ne svabhAvavAda ke do svarUpoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai-1. svabhAvahetuvAda evaM 2. nirhetuka svbhaavvaad| prathama svarUpa ke anusAra kArya kI utpatti evaM jagat kI vicitratA meM ekamAtra svabhAva hI hetu hai| dvitIya svarUpa ke anusAra sabhI padArtha evaM kArya binA kisI kAraNa ke utpanna hote haiM, yahI unakA svabhAva hai, kintu svabhAvavAda kA yaha dUsarA rUpa yadRcchAvAda, kAdAcitkatva athavA AkasmikavAda ke rUpa meM bhI jAnA jAtA hai| . yadyapi jainadArzanikoM ne svabhAvavAda kA nirasana kiyA hai tathApi nayavAda se jainadarzana meM bhI svabhAva kI kAraNatA svIkRta hai| udAharaNa ke lie - SaDdravya apane svabhAva ke anusAra hI kArya karate haiN| pariNAma ke trividha prakAroM meM vinasA pariNamana meM vastu kA svabhAva hI kAraNa banatA hai| jIva kA anAdi pAriNAmika bhAva bhavyatva, abhavyatva, jIvatva Adi ke rUpa meM svabhAva se hI kArya karatA hai| isI prakAra darzanAvaraNa Adi anya karmoM kA bhI apanA-apanA svabhAva hai, jisake anusAra ve kArya karate haiN| jaina darzana meM ise karma kA prakRtibandha kahA jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainadArzanika paMcakAraNa samavAya meM svabhAva ko bhI sthAna dete haiN| niyativAda evaM jainadarzana meM usakI kathaMcit kAraNatA niyativAda ke anusAra niyati hI saba kAryoM kA kAraNa hai| niyativAda mukhyata: maMkhaliputra gozAlaka kI mAnyatA ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai| kintu yaha bhAratIya manISiyoM kI vicAradhArA meM otaprota rahA hai| Agama, tripiTaka, upaniSada, purANa, saMskRta mahAkAvyoM evaM nATakoM meM bhI niyati ke mahattva ko spaSTa karane vAle ullekha prApta hote haiN| sUtrakRtAMga TIkA (1.1.2.3), zAstravArtAsamuccaya (2.62 kI TIkA), upadezamahAgrantha (pR.140), lokatattvanirNaya (pR.25, zloka 27) Adi dArzanika granthoM meM niyativAda kA pratipAdaka nimnAMkita zloka prApta hotA hai 1 dharmasaMgrahaNi, gAthA 549-552

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xxix prAptavyo niyatibalAzrayeNa yo'rthaH so'vazyaM bhavati nRNAM zabho'zubho vaa| bhUtAnAM mahati kRte'pi hi prayatne nAbhAvyaM bhavati na bhAvino'sti naashH|| arthAt jo padArtha niyati ke bala ke Azraya se prAptavya hotA hai vaha zubha yA azubha padArtha manuSyoM (jIvamAtra) ko avazya prApta hotA hai| prANiyoM ke dvArA mahAna prayatna karane para bhI abhAvya kabhI nahIM hotA hai tathA bhAvI kA nAza nahIM hotA hai| niyati ko sAhitya meM bhavitavyatA bhI kahA gayA hai| veda meM niyativAda kA pratipAdaka koI mantra yA sUkta nahIM hai, kintu veda vivecaka paM. madhusUdana ojhA ne aparavAda ke antargata niyativAda kA samAveza bhI kiyA hai| zvetAzvataropaniSad, mahopaniSad evaM bhAvopaniSad meM niyAmaka tattva ke rUpa meM niyativAda kA pratipAdana huA hai| harivaMzapurANa meM "durvArA hi bhavitavyatA", "durlaMghyaM hi bhavitavyatA" ina uktiyoM se niyativAda kI puSTi huI hai| rAmAyaNa meM kahA gayA hai niyati: kAraNaM loke, niyati: krmsaadhnm| niyatiH sarvabhUtAnAM, niyogeSviha kaarnnm|| - kiSkindhA kANDa, sarga 25 zloka 4 . loka meM niyati sabakA kAraNa hai, niyati samasta kAryoM kA sAdhana hai, samasta prANiyoM ko vibhinna kAryoM meM saMlagna karane meM niyati hI kAraNa hai| mahAbhArata meM bhI niyati kI prastuti nimnAMkita zabdoM meM huI hai yathA yathA'sya prAptavyaM, prApnotyeva tathA tthaa| bhavitavyaM yathA yacca, bhavatyeva tathA tthaa|| - mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, adhyAya 226, zloka 10 arthAt puruSa ko jo vastu jisa prakAra milane yogya hotI hai, vaha use usI prakAra prApta kara letA hai| jo jisa prakAra bhavitavya hotA hai vaha vaise ghaTita hotA hI hai| abhijJAnazAkuntalam meM bhI bhavitavya zabda se yukta do sUktiyA~ prasiddha haiM(1) bhavitavyAnAM dvArANi bhavanti sarvatra (2) bhavitavyatA khalu blvtii| ' harivaMzapurANa, 61.77 evaM 62.44 abhijJAnazAkuntalam, 1.14 evaM draSTavya 6.9 se pUrva gdy|

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XXX hitopadeza meM bhI kahA gayA hai- 'yadabhAvi na tadbhAvi, bhAvi cenna tdnythaa|" jo honahAra nahIM hai vaha nahIM hogA tathA jo honahAra hai vaha avazya hogaa| bhartRhari ke nItizataka meM bhI isa prakAra ke vicAra puSTa hue haiN| kAvyaprakAza jaise sAhityazAstra ke grantha meM bhI niyatikRta niyama kA ullekha huA hai| yogavAsiSTha meM akSaya niyama ko niyati kahA hai| ve kahate haiM ki niyati ko svIkAra karate hue bhI vyakti ko puruSArtha kA tyAga nahIM karanA cAhie, kyoMki puruSArtha rUpa se hI niyati niyAmaka hotI hai| zaivadarzana ke grantha paramArthasAra meM "mujhe yaha karanA cAhie aura yaha nahIM karanA cAhie" isa prakAra ke niyamana kA hetu niyati kahA gayA hai| niyativAda kA sampradAya AjIvaka nAmaka sampradAya ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| jaina bauddha AgamoM evaM tripiTakoM meM niyativAda kI carcA prApta hotI hai| bauddha tripiTaka meM dIghanikAya ke prathama bhAga meM maMkhali gozAlaka ke mata ko pratipAdita karate hue kahA gayA hai-"prANiyoM ke duHkha kA koI pratyaya yA hetu nahIM hai| binA hetu aura pratyaya ke prANI du:khI hote haiN| prANiyoM kI vizuddhi kA bhI koI hetu yA pratyaya nahIM hai| binA hetu yA pratyaya ke hI prANI vizuddhi ko prApta hote haiN| na AtmA kucha karatI hai aura na para kucha karatA hai| na puruSakAra hai aura na bala hai, na vIrya hai, na puruSastAma hai, na puruSaparAkrama hai| sabhI sattva, sabhI prANI, sabhI bhUta aura sabhI jIva avaza haiM, abala haiM, avIrya haiN| niyati ke saMga ke bhAva se pariNata hokara chaha prakAra kI abhijAtiyoM meM sukha-duHkha kA saMvedana karate haiN|" jainAgama sUtrakRtAMga, bhagavatIsUtra aura upAsakadazAMga jaise pramukha jainAgamoM meM niyativAda kA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana huA hai| sUtrakRtAMga (2.1.665) meM niyativAda ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai-"pUrva Adi dizAoM meM rahane vAle jo trasa evaM sthAvara prANI haiM, ve saba niyati ke prabhAva se hI audArika Adi zarIra kI racanA ko prApta karate haiN| ve niyati ke kAraNa hI bAla, yuvA aura vRddhAvasthA ko prApta karate haiM aura zarIra se pRthak hote haiN| ve niyati ke bala se hI kANe yA kubja hote haiN| ve niyati kA Azraya lekara hI nAnA prakAra ke sukha-du:khoM ko prApta karate haiN|" upAsakadazAMga meM gozAlaka ke anuyAyI sakaDAlaputra kI niyativAdI mAnyatA kA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dvArA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai tathA prayatna, puruSArtha, parAkrama Adi ke mahattva kA sthApana kiyA gayA hai| 1 hitopadeza, saMdhi, zloka 10 2 niyatikRtaniyamarahitAM - kAvyaprakAza, ullAsa 1 zloka 1 3 yogavAsiSTha 3.62.27 * niyatiH mamedaM kartavyaM nedaM kartavyamiti niymnhetuH| - paramArthasAra kI bhUmikA, pR0 17

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xxxi jainAcArya siddhasenasUri ne dvAtriMzad-dvAtriMzikAoM meM 16 vI dvAtriMzikA meM niyati kA vivecana kiyA hai| inhoMne niyati ke svarUpa kI carcA karane ke anantara sarva sattvoM ke svabhAva kI niyatatA pratipAdita kI hai| jIva, indriya, mana Adi ke svarUpa kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA hai tathA svarga-naraka kI prApti niyati se svIkAra kI hai| jJAna ko bhI unhoMne niyati ke bala se svIkAra kiyA hai| haribhadrasUri ke zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM niyativAda kA upasthApana kiyA gayA hai| niyativAda ke anusAra sabhI padArtha niyata rUpa se hI utpanna hote haiN| niyati ke binA mUMga kA pakanA bhI sambhava nahIM hai| kArya kA samyak nizcaya niyati se hotA hai| niyati ke binA kArya meM sarvAtmakatA kI Apatti prApta hotI hai anyathA niyatatvena sarvabhAva: prsjyte| anyonyAtmakatApatteH kriyAvaiphalyameva c|| -zAstravArtAsamuccaya, 2.64 sanmatitarka ke TIkAkAra abhayadevasari ne niyativAda ke pakSa ko prastuta karate hue kAla evaM svabhAva ko bhI niyati meM hI sammilita kara liyA hai, jaisA ki kahA hai-"na ca niyatimantareNa svabhAva: kAlo vA kazcid hetuH yata: kaNTakAdayo'pi niyatyaiva tIkSNAditayA niyatAH samupajAyante na kunntthaadityaa|" arthAt niyati se bhinna koI svabhAva athavA kAla hetu nahIM hai, kyoMki kaNTakAdi bhI niyati se hI tIkSNAdi hote haiM, kuNThAdi nahIM hote| digambara grantha svayambhUstotra, aSTazatI, gommaTasAra evaM svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA meM bhI niyati kA svarUpa vivecita huA hai| gommaTasAra meM kahA hai jattu jadA jeNa jahA jassa ya NiyameNa hodi tattu tdaa| teNa tahA tassa have iti vAdo NiyadivAdo hu|| -gommaTasAra, karmakANDa arthAt jo jaba, jisake dvArA, jisa prakAra, jisake niyama se honA hotA hai vaha ho to yaha niyativAda hai| niyativAda meM ghaTanA kI pUrNa vyavasthiti sunizcita hai| bhaTTa akalaMka ne aSTazatI meM bhavitavyatA se sambaddha zloka uddhRta kiyA hai jisakA Azaya hai ki jaisI bhavitavyatA hotI hai vyakti kI vaisI buddhi ho jAtI hai, vaisA hI prayatna hotA hai tathA sahAyaka bhI vaise hI mila jAte haiN| sanmatitarka 3.53 para abhayadevakRta ttiikaa| tAdRzI jAyate buddhirvyavasAyazca taadRshH| sahAyAstAdRzAH santi yAdRzI bhvitvytaa|| - aSTazatI meM uddhRta

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xxxii jainadArzanika jahA~ niyativAda ko pUrva pakSa ke rUpa meM prastuta karane meM nipuNa haiM, vahA~ ve usakI ekAnta kAraNatA kA bhI nirasana karane meM dakSa haiN| jainadArzanikoM ke katipaya tarka draSTavya haiM (1) sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM niyativAda ke nirasana meM kahA gayA hai ki koI sukhaduHkha pUrvakRtakarma janya hone se niyata hote haiM tathA koI sukha-duHkha puruSa ke udyoga, kAla Adi se utpanna hone ke kAraNa aniyata hote haiN| isalie ekAnta niyati ko kAraNa mAnanA samucita nhiiN|' (2) niyativAda ko svIkAra karane para zubha kriyA ke puruSArtha kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI, isalie niyativAdI vipratipanna haiN| (3) niyati ko aMgIkAra karane para hita kI prApti evaM ahita ke parihAra ke lie upadeza nirarthaka ho jAtA hai| ___ (4) niyati kI ekarUpatA hone para kAryoM kI anekarUpatA sambhava nahIM ho sktii| (5) abhayadevasari kahate haiM ki niyati ko nitya mAnane para usameM kArakatva kA ayoga hogA, kyoMki nityatva meM parivartanazIlatA kA abhAva hotA hai| niyati ko anitya mAnane para vaha svayaM kArya bana jAegI, ata: usakI utpatti ke lie kisI anya kAraNa kI kalpanA karanI hogii| niyativAda ke nirasana meM jainadArzanikoM ne aneka tarka die haiM, jinakI carcA prastuta grantha meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| kintu jainadarzana meM kAlalabdhi evaM sarvajJatA aise pratyaya haiM, jo jainadarzana meM kathaMcit niyati ko svIkRta karate haiN| jainadarzana kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki anAdikAlIna mithyAdRSTi jIva kAlalabdhi Ane para hI samyaktva kI prApti karatA hai| kAlalabdhi se Azaya hai samucita kAla kI praapti| usakA honA niyata hotA hai tabhI kAlalabdhi hotI hai| isI prakAra sarvajJatA ko tInoM kAloM ke samasta dravyoM evaM unakI paryAyoM ko jAnane ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai to bhI bhAvI ko jAnane ke kAraNa niyatatA kA prasaMga upasthita hotA hai| isa niyatatA ke AdhAra para hI vigata zatAbdiyoM meM jainadarzana meM kramabaddhaparyAya siddhAnta kA vikAsa huA hai| sarvajJatA kA AtmajJatA artha evameyANi jaMpaMtA, bAlA pNddiamaanninno| niyayAniyayaM saMtaM, ayANaMtA abuddhiyaa|| - sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.2.4. 2 sanmatitarka 3.53 para abhayadevakRta TIkA

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xxxiii svIkAra karane para uparyukta sthiti nahIM banatI, tathApi jaina paramparA meM niyati ko kAraNa mAnane ke aneka udAharaNa prApta hote haiM, yathA- (1) kAlacakra meM avasarpiNI evaM utsarpiNI kA krama tathA unameM chaha ArakoM kA vidhaan| (2) 24 tIrthakara, 12 cakravartI, 9 baladeva, 9 vAsudeva, 9 prativAsudeva Adi kI maanytaa| (3) akarmabhUmi meM sadaiva tathA karmabhUmi meM tIna AroM meM strI-puruSa ke yugaloM kI utptti| (4) anapavartya AyuSya vAle jIvoM kA AyuSya kI pUrNa avadhi bhogakara maraNa ko prApta honaa| (5) pUrvabhavAzrita siddhoM, kSetrAzrita siddhoM, avagAhanA Azrita siddhoM kA kathana bhI kathaMcit niyati ko mAnya karatA hai| eka samaya meM adhikatama 108 jIvoM ke siddha hone kA kathana isI prakAra kA hai| (6) vibhinna gatiyoM meM jIvoM kI adhikatama Ayu nizcita hai| pUrvakRtakarmavAda evaM jainadarzana meM usakA sthAna pUrvakRtakarmavAda eka pramukha siddhAnta hai jo yaha pratipAdita karatA hai ki prANI ke dvArA pUrva meM kie gae karmoM kA phala avazya prApta hotA hai| jIva jagat kI vicitratA meM yaha eka pramukha kAraNa hai| prANI ke dvArA kie gae karmoM kA phala Izvara pradAna karatA hai, yA apane Apa prApta hotA hai, isa viSaya meM bhAratIya darzanoM meM matabheda hai| nyAya-vaizeSika Adi darzana karmoM kA phala pradAtA Izvara ko mAnate haiM, jabaki jaina, bauddha Adi darzana inakI phala-prApti ko svata: vyavasthApita mAnate haiN| isameM sandeha nahIM ki karma-siddhAnta ko lekara jitanA cintana jainadarzana meM huA hai, utanA kisI anya darzana meM prApta nahIM hotA / jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa Adi aSTavidha karmoM, karaNasiddhAnta tathA puNya-pApa, Amrava-saMvara, baMdha-nirjarA evaM mokSa sadRza tattvoM kA pratipAdana jainadarzana kA vaiziSTya hai jo karma-pudgaloM ke baMdhana evaM vimocana kI prakriyA ko spaSTa karatA hai| pUrvakRta karmoM se hI daiva athavA bhAgya kA nirmANa hotA hai| karma ke sAtha punarjanma kA aTUTa sambandha hai| isakI puSTi kaThopaniSad,' bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, chAndogyopaniSad, purANa-sAhitya, rAmAyaNa evaM mahAbhArata sadRza granthoM se bhI hotI hai| jaina evaM bauddha darzana ke grantha to punarjanma ko puSTa karate hI haiM, kintu cArvAkadarzana ke atirikta sabhI bhAratIya darzana punarjanma ko svIkAra karate haiN| upaniSadoM meM karma-siddhAnta kA pratipAdana hai isakI puSTi vibhinna vAkyoM se hotI hai| karmaNA badhyate janturvidyayA ca vimucyte|" "mana eva manuSyANAM kAraNaM bandhamokSayoH" Adi aise 1 sasyamiva martyaH pacyate sasyamivAjAyate punH| - kaThopaniSad, 1.1.6 2 puNyo vai puNyena karmaNA bhavati, pApaH paapeneti| - bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 3.2.13 3 saMnyAsopaniSad, 2.98

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xxxiv hI vAkya haiN| rAmAyaNa meM kahA hai- "yAdvazaM kurute karma tAdRzaM phalamaznute / " arthAt jo jaisA karma karatA hai use vaisA phala prApta hotA hai / bhagavadgItA meM anAsakta karmayoga kA pratipAdana hai, jisake anusAra phalAkAMkSA se rahita hokara karma kiyA jAnA caahie| "karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana" (bhagavadgItA, 2.47) vAkya yahI saMdeza detA hai| phalecchA meM Asakti rakhane vAlA vyakti sadA karmoM se baMdhatA hai| saMskRta-sAhitya meM pUrvakRtakarma ko daiva yA bhAgya kahA gayA hai tathA usake anusAra phalaprApti aMgIkAra kI gaI hai / zukranIti meM pUrvajanma kRta karma ko bhAgya tathA isa janma meM kie gae karma ko puruSArtha kahA hai, kintu bhAgya evaM puruSArtha kA dAyarA isase vyApaka hai, kyoMki isa janma meM kiyA gayA karma bhI bhAgya ko prabhAvita karatA hai| svapnavAsavadattam meM "kAlakrameNa jagataH parivartamAnA cakrArapaMktiriva bhAgyapaMktiH " tathA meghadUta meM "nIcairgacchatyupari ca dazA cakranemikrameNa" Adi vAkya bhI pUrvakRtakarma athavA bhAgya ke svarUpa ko prakaTa karate haiN| bhartRhari viracita nItizataka meM " bhAgyAni pUrvatapasA khalu saMcitAni kAle phalanti puruSasya yathaiva vRkSAH " vAkya spaSTa karatA hai ki pUrvatapa se saMcita bhAgya samaya Ane para usI prakAra phala pradAna karate haiM, jaise vRkSa samaya Ane para phala pradAna karate haiN| yogavAsiSTha meM pratipAdita hai ki daiva se prabala puruSArtha hotA hai| bhAratIya darzanoM meM bhI karma ko vibhinna rUpoM meM svIkRti milI hai| nyAyadarzana meM ise adRSTa, sAMkhyadarzana meM dharmAdharma, mImAMsAdarzana meM apUrva tathA bauddhadarzana meM caitasika kahA gayA hai| yogadarzana meM kRSNa, zukla, zuklakRSNa evaM azuklakRSNa ke bheda se cAra prakAra ke karma nirdiSTa haiN| vaidika paramparA meM karma tIna prakAra kA hai - saMcita, prArabdha aura kriyamANa / pUrvajanma meM kRtakarma saMcita haiM, jina karmoM kA phala prArambha ho gayA hai ve prArabdha karma hai tathA vartamAna meM puruSArtha ke rUpa meM jo karma kie jA rahe haiM ve kriyamANa karma haiN| zvetAmbara jainaparamparA meM prajJApanAsUtra, vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, karmagrantha, paMcasaMgraha, kammapayaDi Adi granthoM meM tathA digambara paramparA meM SaTkhaNDAgama, kasAyapAhuDa, mahAbaMdha tathA inakI dhavalA, jayadhavalA mahAdhavalA TIkAoM meM karmasiddhAnta kA vistRta pratipAdana 1 2 3 4 brahmabandUpaniSad, 2 rAmAyaNa, uttarakANDa, sarga 15, zloka 23 daive puruSakAre ca khalu sarvaM pratiSThitam / pUrvajanmakRtaM karmehArjitaM tad dvidhAkRtam / zukranIti, 1.49. yogasUtra, 4.7-8 -

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XXXV huA hai| pUrvakRtakarmavAda jainadarzana kA pramukha siddhAnta hai tathA jainadarzana meM isakA vistRta vivecana prApta hotA hai| jainadarzana karma ko paugalika aMgIkAra karatA hai| karma evaM jIva kA anAdikAla se sambandha hai, kintu mokSAvasthA meM jIva karma se rahita ho jAtA hai| zubhAzubha kriyA karane para jIva meM vidyamAna kaSAya se karma-pudgala jIva ke sAtha cipaka jAte haiM, jise bandha kahate haiN| yaha bandha prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga aura pradeza ke bheda se cAra prakAra kA hotA hai| prakRtibandha karma ke jJAnAvaraNa Adi svabhAva ko nizcita karatA hai| sthitibandha usa karma kI phalAvadhi ko dyotita karatA hai| anubhAga yA anubhAva bandha usa karma kI phaladAnazakti kI taratamatA kA nirdhAraNa karatA hai tathA pradezabandha karmapradezasamUha ko iMgita karatA hai| kamoM ko jainadarzana meM ATha prakAra kA nirUpita kiyA gayA hai, yathAjJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya, AyuSya, nAma, gotra aura antraay| inameM jJAnAvaraNa karma jIva ke jJAna ko Avarita karatA hai, darzanAvaraNa usake darzana guNa ko Avarita karatA hai| vedanIya karma sukha-duHkha kA vedana karAtA hai| mohanIya karma jIva kI anta:draSTi ko malina banAtA hai tathA usake AcaraNa ko krodha, mAna, mAyA evaM lobha se yukta karatA hai| AyuSyakarma eka bhava kI jIvanAvadhi kA nirdhAraka hai| nAmakarma se gati, jAti, zarIrAdi kI prApti hotI hai| gotrakarma jIva ke ucca evaM nIca saMskAroM kA dyotaka hai| antarAyakarma vighnarUpa hotA hai jo jIva ke dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga evaM vIryaguNa ko bAdhita karatA hai| jainadarzana meM karma kI bandhana, sattA, udaya, udIraNA, udvartanA, apavartanA, saMkramaNa, upazamana, nidhatti evaM nikAcanA avasthAoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai, jinakA svarUpa isa grantha ke bhItara draSTavya hai| jainadarzana meM karma ko paudgalika kiMvA mUrta mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki vaha AtmA se bhinna hai tathA usa mUrtakarma se mUrta zarIrAdi kI prApti hotI hai| samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyak cAritra aura samyak tapa kI sAdhanA dvArA jIva se mUrtakarma kA sambandha-viccheda hone para mukti kI prApti ho jAtI hai| mukta hone para bhI jIva meM anantajJAna, anantadarzana, avyAbAdha sukha, kSAyika samyaktva Adi guNa rahate haiM tathA usa jIva athavA AtmA kA svatantra astitva banA rahatA hai| prazna yaha hai ki jaina darzana karma-siddhAnta kA sUkSma vivecana karake bhI kArya kI siddhi meM usakI ekAnta kAraNatA ko aMgIkAra kyoM nahIM karatA? isakA eka kAraNa yaha pratIta hotA hai ki jaina darzana vyApakadRSTi ko lie hue hai, ataH vaha puruSArtha ko bhI utanA hI mahattva detA hai, jitanA pUrvakRta karma ko| balki nUtana kamoM kI racanA vartamAna puruSArtha se hI hotI hai| puruSArtha ke dvArA pUrvabaddha karmoM kI sthiti evaM phaladAnazakti meM bhI parivartana ko jainadarzana aMgIkAra karatA hai| puruSArtha ke sAtha vaha kAla, svabhAvAdi ko bhI mahattva detA hai|

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xxxvi pUrvakRtakarmavAda jainadarzana kI pramukha vizeSatA hai, phira bhI jainadArzanika pUrvakRtakarmavAda ko hI eka mAtra kAraNa mAnane kA nirasana karate haiM tathA kAla, svabhAva, puruSArtha Adi kI kAraNatA ko bhI mahattva dete haiN| puruSavAda evaM puruSakAra ( puruSArtha ) : jainadarzana meM inakA sthAna paMca kAraNasamavAya meM jainadArzanika paMcama kAraNa ke rUpa meM puruSArtha/puruSakriyA ko mahattva dete haiN| vastutaH puruSArtha/puruSakriyA zramaNa paramparA kA pramukha vaiziSTya hai, jisakA jainadarzana meM bhI apratima sthAna hai| jainadarzana puruSArthavAdI darzana hai, jisameM jIva hI apane karmaphala ke lie uttaradAyI hotA hai| vaha hI apane samasta baMdhanoM se mukta hone kA sAmarthya rakhatA hai tathA vaha hI apane kAryoM se baMdhana ko sudRDha banAtA hai| ahiMsA, saMyama evaM tapa kA nirUpaNa jainadarzana meM jIva ke svAtantrya evaM parAkrama kA dyotaka hai| samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakacAritra svarUpa triratna jainadarzana meM puruSakAra/puruSArtha ke mahattva ko pratiSThita karate haiN| __ jainadarzana jahA~ puruSakAra/puruSArtha ko pramukha sthAna detA hai vahA~ vaha puruSavAda kA nirasana karatA hai| puruSavAda ke anusAra jagadutpatti meM eka puruSa, brahma yA Izvara hI kAraNa hai| jainadarzana aise puruSavAda ko kataI svIkAra nahIM krtaa| vaha to jagat ko anAdi evaM ananta mAnatA hai| siddhasenasUri ne kAla, svabhAva Adi paMcakAraNa samavAya kA pratipAdana karate samaya jo "kAlo sahAva NiyaI, puvvakayaM purise kAraNegaMtA " Adi gAthA dI hai usameM 'purise' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| 'parise' ke do artha ho sakate haiM- eka vaha parama puruSa jo samasta sRSTi kI utpatti kA kAraNa hai tathA dUsare artha ke anusAra vaha puruSa jise cetana yA jIva kahA jAtA hai| jainadarzana ke sandarbha meM dvitIya artha grAhya hai, prathama nahIM, kyoMki jainadarzana prathama artha jagatsraSTA puruSa kA to nirasana karatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainadArzanika haribhadrasUri ne 'purise' ke sthAna para bIjaviMzikA meM 'purisakiriyAo' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| purisakiriyAo kA artha hai- puruSa arthAt jIva kI kriyaa| puruSa yA jIva kI isa kriyA ko puruSakAra athavA puruSArtha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| jainadarzana ke paMcakAraNasamavAya meM puruSakAra, puruSArtha yA puruSakriyA zabda kA prayoga hI abhISTa hai| uttaravartI kucha AcAryoM ne yahI artha grahaNa kiyA hai| puruSavAda kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA kA eka siddhAnta rahA hai, jisakI carcA vedoM meM bhI prApta hotI hai| Rgveda meM isa puruSa kA varNana 'sahasrazIrSA puruSaH sahasrAkSaH taha bhavvattaM jaM kaalniyipuvvkypuriskiriyaao| akkhivai taha sahAvaM tA tadadhINaM tayaM pi bhve|| - bIjAvezikA, 9

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xxxvii shsrpaat| sa bhUmiM vizvato vRtvAtyatiSThat dazAGgulam' (Rgveda 10.4.90.1) Adi zabdoM meM huA hai, jisakA tAtparya hai ki vaha puruSa sahana ziroM vAlA, sahana netroM vAlA, sahasa pairoM vAlA hai, vaha bhUmi ko cAroM ora se gherakara sthita hai| puruSa kI mahimA meM kahA hai puruSa evedaM sarva yadbhUtaM yacca bhavyam / utAmRtatvasyezAno ydnnenaatirohti|| -Rgveda 10.4.90.2 arthAt jo kucha vidyamAna hai, jo kucha utpanna huA hai aura jo utpanna hone vAlA hai tathA jo amRtatva kA Iza hai aura anna se AvirbhAva ko prApta hotA hai vaha puruSa hI hai| isa puruSavAda kA varNana aitareyopaniSad, taittirIyopaniSad, zvetAzvataropaniSad, praznopaniSada Adi upaniSadoM meM bhI prApta hotA hai| vahA~ kahIM puruSa evaM kahIM bahma zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| chAndogyopaniSad meM 'sarva khalvidaM brahma" vAkya meM use brahma kahA hai| taittirIyopaniSad kI brahmavallI, anuvAka 1 meM kahA hai- "yato vA imAni bhUtAni jAyante yena jAtAni jiivnti| ytpryntybhisNvishnti| dvijijnyaasv| tad brhmeti|" jisase ye prANI utpanna hote haiM, utpanna hokara jisake sAtha jIte haiM tathA jisameM mila jAte haiM,use jAno, vaha brahma hai|" ___ isa prakAra yaha puruSavAda hI brahmavAda ke rUpa meM varNita hai| isa puruSavAda kA hI IzvaravAda ke rUpa meM bhI vikAsa huA hai| purANa, mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa evaM manusmRti grantha isake sAkSI hai| yaha vizeSa bAta hai ki usa jagatsraSTA puruSavAda kA varNana pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM jaina granthoM meM bhI huA hai| mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa (5vIM zatI) ke dvAdazAranayacakra meM usa puruSa ko sarvAtmaka evaM sarvajJa pratipAdita karane ke sAtha usakI cAra avasthAe~ batAI gaI haiM, yathA- jAgrata, svapna, suSupti aura tuury| ina cAra avasthAoM kA varNana mANDUkyopaniSad meM bhI prApta hotA hai| vahA~ jagat ke sAtha puruSa kA aikya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jinabhadragaNi (6-7vIM zatI) ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya' meM evaM abhayadevasUri (10-11vIM zatI) ne sanmatitarkaTIkA meM puruSa ke svarUpa ko upasthApita kiyA hai| abhayadevasUri ne puruSavAda ke anusAra samasta loka kI sthiti, sarga aura pralaya kA hetu usa puruSa ko batAyA hai| ' chAndogyopaniSad, adhyAya 3, khaNDa 14, mantra 1 2 dvAdazAranayacakra, bhAga 1, pR0 179-182 3 vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM malladhArI hemacandra kI vRtti, gAthA 1643 / sanmatitarkaTIkA (tattvabodhavidhAyinI), pR0 715

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Xxxviii mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa, jinabhadragaNi evaM abhayadevasUri ne apanI kRtiyoM meM puruSavAda kA AmUla utpATana kiyA hai| mallavAdI ke anusAra puruSa kI advaitatA, sarvagatatA evaM sarvajJatA sambhava nahIM hai| unhoMne puruSa kI jAgrata Adi cAra avasthAoM kA bhI nirasana kiyA hai|' abhayadevasUri ne vibhinna tarka dete hue kahA hai ki binA uddezya ke evaM anukampA se puruSa ke dvArA sRSTi kI racanA karanA ucita nahIM, kyoMki taba duHkhI prANiyoM kI racanA nahIM kI jA sktii| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki vaha na yugapat jagat kA nirmANa kara sakatA hai, na hI krama se, kyoMki donoM meM doSa Ate haiN| brahmavAda kA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana prabhAcandra (11vIM zatI) ne prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM vistAra se kiyA hai| brahmavAda ke anusAra brahma hI samasta jagat ke cetana-acetana, mUrtaamUrta Adi padArthoM kA upAdAna kAraNa hotA hai| mAyopahita brahma hI jagat kA kAraNa hai| prabhAcandra ne brahmavAda kI advaitatA evaM jagatkAraNatva kA sabala khaNDana kiyA hai|' IzvaravAda mukhyata: nyAya-vaizeSika darzana kA siddhAnta hai| vedAnta meM bhI ise ajJAna kI samaSTi se Acchanna bahya ke rUpa meM svIkRti dI gaI hai| IzvaravAda kI siddhi meM nyAyadArzanika udayana ne nyAyakusumAMjali meM vibhinna hetu die haiM, kintu unakA nirasana abhayadevasUri, prabhAcandra, malliSeNasUri ne apanI kRtiyoM meM sabala rUpa se kiyA hai| malliSeNa ne syAdvAdamaMjarI meM spaSTataH siddha kiyA hai ki Izvara jagat kA kartA nahIM hai, kyoMki eka Izvara dvArA jagat kA nirmANa sambhava nhiiN| vaha na sarvajJa hai aura na hI jagat ke kArya meM svtntr| puruSa kA jIva artha grahaNa karake puruSakAra, puruSakriyA athavA puruSArtha kI sthApanA ko jainadarzana meM pUrNa svIkRti hai, kyoMki jainadarzana zramaNasaMskRti kA darzana hone ke kAraNa mUlata: puruSArthavAdI hai| yahA~ utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya, parAkrama Adi ko mahattva diyA gayA hai| jainadarzana kA mantavya hai ki sukha-duHkha kA kartA AtmA svayaM hai| duHkha dUsare ke dvArA nahIM, svayaM ke dvArA utpanna haiM- attakaDe dukkhe no prkdde'| puruSArtha ke cAra prakAroM kI dRSTi se kaheM to jainadarzana meM dharma puruSArtha kA sarvAdhika mahattva hai, kyoMki vahI mokSa kA sAdhana banatA hai| artha evaM kAma puruSArtha ko yahA~ tyAjya kahA gayA hai| yadi unakA sevana bhI kiyA jAe to dharma puruSArtha pUrvaka sevana kiyA jAnA dvAdazAranayacakra, bhAga 1, pR0 246-248 2 sanmatitarkaTIkA (tattvabodhavidhAyinI), pR0 715 prameyakamalamArtaNDa, prathama bhAga, pR0 185-190 4 syAdvAvAdamaMjarI, kArikA 5 kI ttiikaa|| uhANe kamme bale vIrie purisakkAraparakkame, taM ceva jAva aphAse pnntte| - vyAkhyAprajJapti, zataka 12, uddezaka 5, sUtra 11

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xxxix caahie| jainadarzana ahiMsA, saMyama evaM tapa meM parAkrama karane kI zikSA detA hai| saMvara evaM nirjarA kI sAdhanA ko hI jainadarzana meM mahattva diyA gayA hai, vahI mokSa meM sahAyaka hotI hai| samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra ke rUpa meM ise triratna kahA jAtA hai| jainadarzana meM samatA kI sAdhanA ho yA apramattatA kI, ahiMsA kA AcaraNa ho yA aparigraha kA, parISahajaya kA prasaMga ho yA Abhyantara tapa ke ArAdhana kA, svAdhyAya kA ArAdhana ho yA dhyAna kA, sarvatra puruSakAra yA puruSArtha kI AvazyakatA pratipAdita kI gaI hai| __ puruSArthavAdI darzana hokara bhI isameM kAla, svabhAva, niyati evaM pUrvakRtakarma kI kAraNatA ko bhI mahattva diyA gayA hai, isalie ise ekAnta puruSArthavAdI bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| hA~, puruSArtha kI pradhAnatA ke sAtha anya kAraNoM ko bhI mahattva diyA jA sakatA hai| isIlie isameM paMcakAraNoM ke samavAya ko aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai| kAla, svabhAva, niyati Adi pA~ca kAraNoM meM kabhI koI pradhAna hotA hai to kabhI koI gaunn| kabhI jIva kI pravRtti hI na ho to ajIva se janya kAryotpatti meM puruSArtha evaM pUrvakRta kI kAraNatA kA honA Avazyaka nahIM hotaa| kAlAdi meM bheda-vyavasthA kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRtakarma evaM puruSArtha meM sUkSmatayA kyA bheda hai, ise samajhanA Avazyaka hai| kAla kI kAraNatA meM vastu ke svabhAva kI kAraNatA kA samAveza nahIM hotA, isalie kAla ko svabhAva se bhinna mAnanA caahie| mUMga kI phalI jaba kheta meM pakatI hai to usameM kAla bhI kAraNa hai evaM svabhAva bhI, kintu kAlavAdI mAtra kAla ko kAraNa kahegA tathA svabhAvavAdI mAtra svabhAva ko kAraNa khegaa| svabhAvavAdI mUMga ko AMca para pakAte samaya kahegA ki jo mUMga pakane ke svabhAva vAle haiM ve hI pakate haiM evaM kaDu mUMga lAkha prayatna karane para bhI nahIM pkte| niyati meM kAla evaM svabhAva kI apekSA rahatI hai, kintu niyativAda ke anusAra niyati hI kAraNa hai, kAla evaM svabhAva nhiiN| niyativAda kA siddhAnta eka aisA siddhAnta hai jisameM samasta kAraNa samAhita haiN| niyativAda jIva evaM ajIva ke saba kAryoM evaM avasthAoM ko niyatijanya mAnatA hai| jo bhI bhavitavya hai vaha sunizcita hai, vaha hokara hI rhegaa| niyativAda eka aisA siddhAnta hai jisameM kAla, svabhAva, pUrvakRtakarma evaM puruSArtha sabakA samAveza ho jAtA hai, yaha hamArI samasyAoM kA manovaijJAnika uttara to ho sakatA hai, kintu isase Atma-svAtantrya kA siddhAnta kuNThita hotA hai| pUrvakRtakarma kA jo siddhAnta hai usake anusAra jIva ko apane dvArA kRta karmoM kI phalaprApti hotI hai| ise niyati se bhinna samajhanA caahie| pUrvakRtakarma puruSArtha se nirmita ve karma haiM jinakA phala yathAvasara prApta hone vAlA hai| inheM daiva yA bhAgya bhI kahA gayA hai| niyati isase bhinna hai kyoMki vaha jIva evaM ajIva donoM para lAgU hotI hai jabaki pUrvakRtakarma kA sambandha jIva se hI hai| pUrvakRtakarma jahA~ puruSArtha para

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xl AdhRta hai vahA~ niyati ke sambandha meM aisA nizcita nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki usameM karmasiddhAnta evaM puruSArtha ko mahattva nahIM diyA gayA hai| puruSavAda kA siddhAnta saba kucha jagatsraSTA evaM saMcAlaka paramapuruSa ke adhIna mAnatA hai| usase hI jagat utpanna hai tathA vahI pratyeka kArya ko utpanna karatA hai, usI meM saba vilIna hotA hai| yaha puruSavAda hI brahmavAda evaM IzvaravAda ke rUpa meM vikasita huaa| puruSa kA artha jaba jIva karate haiM to jIva kI kriyA athavA puruSakAra/puruSArtha kA svarUpa ubharakara AtA hai, jo kArya kI utpatti meM eka mahattvapUrNa kAraNa hai| jainadarzana ko isakI kAraNatA abhISTa hai|| niSkarSa rUpa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jainadarzana ke kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta ke DhAMce meM paMcakAraNa-samavAya kA siddhAnta sarvathA upayukta hai| yaha jainadarzana kI anekAntavAdI, nayavAdI evaM samanvayavAdI dRSTi kA paricAyaka hai| isa siddhAnta kA prArambha jahA~ siddhasenasUri se huA hai vahA~ haribhadrasUri, malayagiri, zIlAMkAcArya abhayadevasUri, yazovijaya Adi dArzanikoM ne ise puSTa kiyA hai| jainadarzana meM pahale se svIkRta dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva evaM bhava kI kAraNatA se isa paMcakAraNasamavAya kA koI virodha nahIM hai, apitu ina paMca kAraNoM kA dravya, kSetra Adi meM samAveza kiyA jA sakatA hai| udAharaNArtha kAla ko kAla meM, svabhAva evaM pUrvakRta karma ko bhAva meM, niyati ko bhava evaM kSetra meM, puruSArtha ko jIvadravya evaM bhAva (jIva ke bhAva) meM samAhita kiyA jA sakatA hai| DaoN. zvetA jaina ne isa pustaka meM kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, niyativAda, pUrvakRtakarmavAda evaM puruSavAda/puruSakAra para bhAratIya paramparA ke granthoM se durlabha sAmagrI kA saMyojana kara mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA hai| kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, niyativAda evaM puruSavAda para adyAvadhi koI svatantra grantha upalabdha nahIM hai, na hI eka sAtha itanI vipula sAmagrI kA kahIM saMyojana huA hai| ata: yaha ina vAdoM kI jAnakArI ke lie atyanta mahattvapUrNa evaM upAdeya hai| isa grantha kI tIna pramukha vizeSatAe~ haiN| eka to yaha ki isameM jainadRSTi se kAraNakAryavyavasthA kA pratipAdana huA hai, dUsarA yaha ki isameM kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda Adi pA~coM kAraNasiddhAntoM para vedoM se lekara jainadarzana ke granthoM meM prApta vivecana ke AdhAra para vyavasthita rUpa se sAmagrI saMyojita kI gaI hai| tIsarI vizeSatA hai ki isa grantha meM jainadRSTi se kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRtakarma aura puruSa/puruSArtha kI kathaMcit kAraNatA siddha kI gaI hai| maiM DaoN. zvetA jaina ke ujjvala zaikSika bhaviSya hetu zubhakAmanA karatA huuN| dharmacanda jaina AcArya, saMskRta-vibhAga jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya jodhapura

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viSayAnukramaNikA purovAk v-xii bhUmikA xiii-xl 1-71 prathama adhyAya : jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMca samavAya - kAraNa-kArya kA lakSaNa > kAraNa-kArya ke pramukha siddhAnta * satkAryavAda vivartavAda (satkAraNavAda) asatkAryavAda * asatkAraNavAda yA pratItyasamutpAda >> jainadarzana meM kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta * sadasatkAryavAda * kAraNa aura kArya ke lakSaNa kAryakAraNa meM kramabhAva * kArya meM kAraNa se viziSTatA * nityAnityAtmaka padArthoM meM hI kAryakAraNabhAva - kArya-kAraNa kI bhedAbhedatA - kArya-kAraNa kI sadRzAsadRzAtmakatA > vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM kAraNa vicAra * tadravya aura anya dravya kAraNa * nimitta aura naimittika kAraNa * samavAyI aura asamavAyI kAraNa * SaTkArakoM kI kAraNatA

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xlii - dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva aura bhava kI kAraNatA * jaina vAGmaya meM etat viSayaka vicAra * dravya kI kAraNatA kSetra kI kAraNatA * kAla kI kAraNatA * bhAva kI kAraNatA audayika, aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika, pAriNAmika aura sAnnipAtika bhAva kI kAraNatA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM prazasta evaM aprazasta bhAva * bhava kI kAraNatA > nimitta aura upAdAna * vaidika darzana meM upAdAna evaM nimitta kA svarUpa * jainadarzana meM upAdAna-nimitta kA svarUpa * SaDdravyoM meM nimittopAdAnatA * dravyAdicatuSka meM nimittopAdAnatA. - SaDdavyoM kI kAraNatA * dharmAstikAya kI kAraNatA adharmAstikAya kI kAraNatA * AkAzAstikAya kI kAraNatA kAla kI kAraNatA pudgala kI kAraNatA jIvAstikAya kI kAraNatA

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- SaDdavya meM ghaTita kArya kA svarUpa - paMca samavAya aura usakI kAraNatA . paMca samavAya se Azaya * bhAratIya vAGmaya meM svabhAvAdi kAraNoM kI carcA * paMca samavAya ke vikAsa meM siddhasenasUri evaM uttaravartI AcAryoM kA yogadAna * Adhunika kAla meM paMca samavAya kI saMsthiti kAlavAda svabhAvavAda * niyativAda * pUrvakRta karmavAda * puruSArthavAda/puruSavAda >> anyavAda > niSkarSa 72 dvitIya adhyAya : kAlavAda > utthApanikA - veda, upaniSad aura purANa meM kAlavAda * veda meM kAlavAda ke tattva * upaniSad meM kAlavAda * purANa meM kAlavAda ke tattva * mahAbhArata meM kAlavAda evaM usakA nirasana * zrImadbhagavad gItA meM kAla kA paramAtma svarUpa

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xliv - jyotirvidyA meM kAlavAda >> vibhinna bhAratIya darzana meM kAla kA svarUpa evaM usakI kAraNatA * vaizeSika darzana meM kAla svarUpa evaM usakI kAraNatA * nyAya darzana meM kAla * sAMkhya darzana meM kAla evaM usakI kAraNatA * yoga darzana meM kAla evaM usakI kAraNatA * pUrva mImAMsA meM kAla * vedAnta darzana meM kAla * vyAkaraNa darzana meM kAla evaM usakI kAraNatA >> jaina granthoM meM kAlavAda kI carcA * Agama evaM unakI TIkAoM meM kAlavAda ke tattva * kriyAvAda Adi cAra mata . kriyAvAdI akriyAvAdI ajJAnavAdI - vinayavAdI * kriyAvAdiyoM aura akriyAvAdiyoM meM kAlavAda ke bheda * Agama TIkAoM meM kAlavAda kA svarUpa * siddhasena sUri, haribhadrasUri Adi ke granthoM meM kAlavAda > jaina dArzanikoM dvArA kAlavAda kA upasthApana evaM nirasana * mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa dvArA upasthApana evaM nirasana * haribhadrasUri dvArA upasthApana evaM khaNDana

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xlv 104 107 107 108 * zIlAMkAcArya dvArA upasthApita pUrvapakSa evaM usakA khaNDana * abhayadeva sUri dvArA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana >> jainadarzana meM kAla kA svarUpa * kAla viSayaka do mata * kAla ke bheda * kAla kA anastikAyatva evaM apradezAtmakatva * kAla kI anantasamayarUpatA >> jainadarzana meM kAla kI kAraNatA - jainadarzana meM mAnya kAla ke kArya > niSkarSa 108 114 tRtIya adhyAya : svabhAvavAda 132-236 133 134 134 - upasthApana - Rgveda meM aparavAda ke rUpa meM svabhAvavAda * pariNAmavAda * yadRcchAvAda * niyativAda * prakRtivAda > upaniSad meM svabhAvavAda kI carcA > purANa meM svabhAva viSayaka mata - gItA meM svabhAva kA pratipAdana >> rAmAyaNa meM svabhAva kI kAraNatA > mahAbhArata meM svabhAvavAda kA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana 135 136 139

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xlvi 142 143 143 144 144 144 145 147 149 , saMskRta sAhitya meM svabhAvavAda kA svarUpa * buddhacarita meM bRhatsaMhitA meM * paMcatantra meM * hitopadeza meM - dArzanika kRtiyoM meM svabhAvavAda kI carcA * sAMkhyakArikA aura usakI vRtti meM svabhAvavAda * nyAya sUtra evaM nyAya bhASya meM svabhAvavAda kA vimarza * vAkyapadIya meM svabhAva kI kAraNatA bauddha grantha tattvasaMgraha meM svabhAvavAda kI carcA * nyAyakusumAMjali meM AkasmikavAda ke antargata svabhAvavAda * cArvAka darzana meM svabhAvavAda - jaina granthoM meM svabhAvavAda kA nirUpaNa * praznavyAkaraNa sUtra evaM usakI TIkAoM meM nandIsUtra kI avacUri meM haribhadrasUri viracita loka tattva nirNaya meM zAstravArtA samuccaya meM svabhAvavAda kA vistRta vivecana AcArAMga sUtra kI zIlAMka TIkA meM sUtrakRtAMga kI zIlAMka TIkA meM kriyAvAda aura akriyAvAda meM svabhAvavAda ke bheda tiloka kAvya kalpataru meM svabhAvavAda kA padyabaddha rUpa - svabhAvavAda kA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana: vibhinna granthoM meM mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ke dvAdazAranayacakra meM svabhAvavAda kA upasthApana evaM khaNDana 154 161 161 163 164 167 167

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xlvii 170 175 175 177 179 180 186 191 jinabhadragaNi dvArA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM svabhAvavAda kA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana * haribhadrasUri viracita dharmasaMgrahaNi meM svabhAvahetuvAda kA nirasana 172 zAstravArtA samuccaya meM svabhAvavAda kA khaNDana - haribhadrasUri dvArA svabhAvahetuvAda kA nirasana - TIkAkAra yazovijaya dvArA khaNDana meM prastuta tarka ajJAta kRtikAra dvArA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana abhayadevasUrikRta tattvabodhavidhAyinI TIkA meM svabhAvavAda kA upasthApana evaM khaNDana bauddha dArzanika zAntarakSita dvArA tattvasaMgraha meM svabhAvavAda kA upasthApana evaM nirasana - jainadarzana meM svabhAva kA svarUpa evaM usakI kAraNatA * Agama meM svabhAva nirUpaNa * bhagavatI sUtra aura usakI vRtti meM - sthAnAMga sUtra evaM usakI vRtti meM * sUtrakRtAMga TIkA meM digambara paramparA meM svabhAva kI carcA * svabhAva-vibhAva paryAya ke AdhAra para svabhAva kA svarUpa * svabhAva ke bheda - dravya ke AdhAra para 0 sAmAnya 0 vizeSa paryAya ke AdhAra para - vastu-deza-jAti-kAlagata svabhAva > niSkarSa 195 197 206 17 200 202

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241 245 246 247 AAAAAA 248 249 xlviii caturtha adhyAya : niyativAda 237-338 - utthApanikA 237 - niyativAda ke prarUpaka gozAlaka- eka paricaya - vaidika vAGmaya meM niyativAda kI carcA : paM. ojhA kA mata > upaniSadoM meM niyativAda - purANa sAhitya meM niyati evaM usake paryAya - rAmAyaNa meM niyati kI kAraNatA - mahAbhArata meM niyati kA svarUpa - saMskRta-sAhitya meM niyati kA vizeSa rUpa 249 * abhijJAnazAkuntala meM bhavitavyatA ke rUpa meM niyati * bhartRhari viracita nItizataka meM niyati * hitopadeza evaM paMcatantra meM bhavitavyatA * rAjataraMgiNI meM niyati kI mahattA * kAvya prakAza meM niyati - dArzanika granthoM meM niyati kA svarUpa * bauddha tripiTaka meM niyativAda * yogavAsiSTha meM niyati evaM puruSArtha kI sApekSatA * zaivadarzana ke grantha paramArthasAra meM niyati >> jaina granthoM meM niyativAda kA nirUpaNa * Agama evaM TIkAoM meM carcita niyativAda sUtrakRtAMga meM niyativAda kA svarUpa bhagavatI, sthAnAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga kI niyukti meM niyativAda 257 praznavyAkaraNa aura usakI TIkAoM meM niyativAda 259 255

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* 1 * * AcArya siddhasena dvArA upasthApita niyativAda niyati dvAtriMzikA meM nirUpita niyativAda 0 sarvasattvoM ke svabhAva kI niyatatA 0 buddhi ke dharmAdi ATha aMga aura niyati 0 niyativAda meM jIva kA svarUpa * nandIsUtra kI avacUri meM niyativAda AcArAMga sUtra kI zIlAMka TIkA meM niyativAda M 0 indriya aura mana kA svarUpa 0 svarga-narakAdi niyati se 0 zarIra Adi kA kartA AtmA nahIM 0 jagadvaicitrya aura dharma-adharma kA apratyakSa rUpa kartRtvavAda ko siddha karane meM asamartha 0 upAdAna - nimitta kAraNa se kartRprAdhAnyavAda kA ghAta 0 dRSTAntamAtra se AtmavAda ko siddha karanA asaMbhava haribhadrasUrikRta zAstravArtA samuccaya meM niyativAda lokatattva nirNaya meM niyativAda yazovijayakRta nayopadeza meM niyativAda * tilokaRSi dvArA nibaddha kAvya meM niyativAda O jJAna meM bhI niyati 0 uccakulInoM kA svabhAva niyati se niyata 0 niyativAdI dvArA mAnya sRSTi svarUpa 0 niyativAda dvArA mAnya tattva 0 anumAna kA svarUpa niyativAda meM kartRtvavAda (AtmavAda) ke khaNDana meM niyativAda kA pratipAdana xlix 260 261 261 261 261 263 263 264 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 272 272 273

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275 275 276 278 284 284 287 290 > digambara granthoM meM niyati kI carcA * svayambhUstotra meM niyati * aSTazatI meM bhavitavyatA * gommaTasAra evaM svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA meM niyati 276 > jainAgama evaM dArzanika granthoM meM niyativAda kA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana 278 * sUtrakRtAMga aura usakI zIlAMka TIkA meM niyativAda kA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana * upAsakadazAMga meM niyativAda kA pratyavasthAna 282 praznavyAkaraNa kI TIkAoM meM niyativAda kA khaNDana dvAdazAranayacakra meM niyativAda kA upasthApana evaM nirasana * zAstravArtA samuccaya meM niyativAda kA khaNDana * sanmati tarka TIkA meM niyativAda kA svarUpa evaM usakA nirasana * dharmasaMgrahaNi TIkA meM malayagiri dvArA niyativAda kA nirasana 292 * jaina tattvAdarza meM niyativAda kA khaNDana > kAlalabdhi aura niyati * kAlalabdhi ke abhAva meM samyaktva kA abhAva * mokSa meM kAlalabdhi kI hetutA * sabhI paryAyoM meM kAlalabdhi > sarvajJatA aura niyativAda - kramabaddhaparyAya aura niyativAda >> pUrvakRta karma aura niyativAda 303 > puruSArtha aura niyativAda > AcArya mahAprajJa ke mata meM niyati kA svarUpa 304 > niSkarSa 306 296 296 297 298 304

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paMcama adhyAya : pUrvakRta karmavAda > utthApanikA > vedoM meM karma-saMdarbha > upaniSadoM meM karma carcA > purANoM meM karma-pratiSThA > AdikAvya rAmAyaNa meM karma carcA > mahAbhArata meM karma vicAra > bhagavadgItA meM karma kI avadhAraNA saMskRta - sAhitya meM pUrvakRta karma kA svarUpa zukranIti meM daiva * svapnavAsavadatta meM bhAgya * paMcataMtra meM karma hitopadeza meM pUrvajanmakRta karma nItizataka meM bhAgya evaM karma > yogavAsiSTha meM daiva aura puruSArtha > vibhinna bhAratIya darzanoM meM karma nyAyadarzana meM karma vaizeSikasUtra meM karma * sAMkhyadarzana meM karma * mImAMsA darzana meM karma * bauddha darzana meM karma * vedAnta darzana meM karma * yogadarzana meM karma * li 339-458 339 341 343 347 348 350 352 355 355 355 355 356 357 358 360 361 362 363 377 165 366 30.7

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367 367 368 369 370 370 371 373 374 375 > karma kI avadhAraNA : katipaya mukhya bindu * karma aura bhAgya * Izvara aura karmaphala - nyAya vaizeSika darzana meM karmaphaladAtA : Izvara - vedAnta meM Izvara dvArA karmaphala . sAMkhyAdi anIzvaravAdI darzanoM meM karmaphala * jainamata meM karma, karmaphala aura Izvara viSayaka vicAra * karmavAdiyoM para IzvaravAdiyoM kA AkSepa aura usakA samAdhAna > jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta : vikasita svarUpa * karma kA artha evaM svarUpa * karma bandha : cAra prakAra * karma kI vibhinna avasthAe~ aSTavidha karma aura unakI uttara prakRtiyA~ karmabaMdha ke hetu * karmabandha ke viziSTa kAraNa * karma mokSa > vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM karma-vivecana * karma kI siddhi : vibhinna hetuoM se * karma kI mUrtatA * karma kI pariNAmitA * vicitratA meM karma kI kAraNatA * paraloka kA AdhAra : karma 376 378 382 488 490 393 394 395 399 400 401 402

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liii 402 402 403 403 404 404 405 406 407 408 408 408 * mUrta karma kA amUrta AtmA se saMbaMdha * jIva-karma kA anAdi saMbaMdha karma kA kartA : jIva karmabaMdha anAdi sAnta hai puNya-pApa kA svarUpa puNya-pApa karmoM kA phala : svarga-naraka dehAdi kI prApti evaM sukha-duHkhAdi meM puNya-pApa kI kAraNatA * karmapudgala grahaNa kI prakriyA * karma-saMkrama kA niyama * jIva ke sAtha karma kA viyoga saMbhava >> karma siddhAnta : katipaya anya bindu * karma kI mUrtatA ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra * mUrta karma se amUrta AtmA kA saMbaMdha aura prabhAva * karma-phala saMvibhAga nahIM karma-siddhAnta ke do mahattvapUrNa tathya : guNasthAna evaM mArgaNAsthAna AtmA aura karma se saMbaMdhita samasyAe~ - karma pahale yA AtmA? - karma balavAna yA AtmA? - anAdi kA anta kaise? * karma aura punarjanma >> jaina karma siddhAnta saMbaMdhI sAhitya * zvetAmbara paramparA meM * digambara paramparA meM 409 409 411 412 412 413 414 415 416 416 417

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liv 417 417 418 > jainavAGmaya meM ekAnta karmavAda evaM usakA khaNDana * AcArAMga sUtra evaM usakI zIlAMka TIkA meM karmavAda * dvAdazAranayacakra meM karmavAda kA upasthApana evaM pratyavasthAna * zAstravArtA samuccaya evaM usakI TIkA meM karmavAda kA nirasana * sanmatitarka TIkA meM karmavAda kA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana > niSkarSa 421 424 426 460 462 SaSTha adhyAya : puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 459-542 >> utthApanikA 459 * puruSavAda se puruSArthavAda taka 459 * puruSakAraNatA : puruSavAda, IzvaravAda evaM puruSArtha ke rUpa meM / 460 * paMca samavAya meM puruSakAravAda/puruSArthavAda kA aucitya puruSavAda - puruSavAda kA pratipAdana 462 * veda meM puruSavAda kI carcA * upaniSad meM puruSavAda kA pratipAdana * purANoM meM puruSavAda para vicAra 466 * mahAbhArata aura gItA meM puruSavAda * rAmAyaNa meM puruSavAda * manusmRti meM sRSTiracanA * jaina granthoM meM puruSavAda kA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana - sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM sRSTi-racanA viSayaka vibhinna mata dvAdazAranayacakra meM puruSavAda kA nirUpaNa. 464 468 468 469 470 470 470

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lv 476 478 478 479 480 481 mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa dvArA puruSavAda kA nirasana 472 0 puruSa kI cAra avasthAoM kA nirasana 0 'puruSa eva idaM sarva' kA nirasana. 0 puruSa kI advaitatA kA nirasana 0 puruSa kI sarvagatatA kA nirasana vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM puruSavAda kA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana 479 sanmatitarka kI TIkA meM abhayadevasUri dvArA prastuta puruSavAda evaM usakA nirasana 0 niruddezya aura anukampA se sRSTi kI racanA anucita 481 0 yugapat aura kramapUrvaka jagat kA nirmANa asamIcIna 481 0 abuddhipUrvaka jagat-nirmANa meM pravRtti nahIM > brahmavAda : pUrvapakSa evaM uttarapakSa prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM brahmavAda kA svarUpa evaM khaNDana - pratyakSapramANa se brahmavAda kI siddhi prabhAcandra dvArA nirasana anumAna pramANa se brahmavAda kI siddhi . prabhAcandra dvArA nirasana * Agama pramANa se brahmavAda kI siddhi * prabhAcandra dvArA nirasana >> IzvaravAda : pakSa-pratipakSa * puruSavAda kA vikAsa IzvaravAda meM - IzvaravAda kI siddhi meM sAdhaka pramANa x P 483 483 484 484 484 485 485 486

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488 489 489 491 492 495 sUtrakRtAMga aura usakI TIkA meM IzvaravAda kA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana Izvara kI svataH prerita aura parataH prerita kriyAe~ kalpanA mAtra pUrva zubhAzubha karmoM kI kAraNatA se Izvara kI siddhi ayuktiyukta avinAbhAva ke abhAva meM kAryamAtra se kAraNa kA anumAna asaMgata jagat kA vaicitrya Izvara kI siddhi meM anupapanna * sanmatitarka TIkA meM IzvaravAda kA nirasana prabhAcandrAcArya dvArA IzvaravAda kA khaNDana sAMkhyatattvakaumudI meM IzvaravAda kA khaNDana syAdvAdamaMjarI ke anusAra IzvaravAda kA pratyavasthAna - Izvara jagatkartA nahIM - jagat kA nirmANa eka Izvara dvArA saMbhava nahIM Izvara kI sarvajJatA kA nirasana * Izvara jagatsarjana meM svatantra bhI nahIM puruSArtha/puruSakAra >> jaina darzana meM puruSakAra ( puruSArtha ) kA mahattva >> bhAratIya saMskRti meM puruSArtha catuSTaya * dharma puruSArtha * artha puruSArtha * kAma puruSArtha mokSa puruSArtha 495 496 497 497 498 499 502 503

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jaina darzana meM dharma - puruSArtha kI pramukhatA jaina sAdhanA-paddhati meM puruSArtha > saMyama meM parAkrama kA upadeza > puruSakAra : jIva kA lakSaNa cAritra dharma : puruSArtha kA dyotaka parISaha jaya meM puruSArtha vIrya ke rUpa meM puruSArtha nirUpaNa samyaktva parAkrama : uttarAdhyayana kA eka adhyayana tapa ke rUpa meM puruSArtha parAkrama kA eka rUpa : apramattatA > saMvara evaM nirjarA meM puruSArtha kI upayogitA > zarIrAdi kI prApti meM puruSArtha kI kAraNatA > karma siddhAnta meM puruSArtha kA sthAna > puruSArtha se asaMkhyAta guNI karma nirjarA > niSkarSa saptama adhyAya : jaina darzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya utthApanikA paMca kAraNa samavAya ke prathama praNetA : siddhasena divAkara 'paMca samavAya' zabda kA prathama prayoga paMca samavAya kI pratiSThA > jainadarzana meM kAla kI kAraNatA * sabhI dravyoM ke pariNamana meM kAla kI kAraNatA * vyavahAra meM kAla kI kAraNatA * dharmAstikAya kI bhA~ti 'kAla' kI svataMtra dravyatA Ivii 503 504 504 506 506 507 507 508 508 509 510 510 510 512 514 543-604 543 544 545 546 547 547 548 548

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Iviii 549 549 549 550 551 552 552 553 553 553 554 kAla kI bahiraMga kAraNatA vartanA kA kAraNa AkAza nahIM, kAla hai kAlalabdhi ke rUpa meM kAla kI kAraNatA * abAdhA kAla ke rUpa meM kAla kI kAraNatA vibhinna ArakoM kA prabhAva >> jainadarzana meM svabhAva kI kAraNatA * SaDdravyoM kA apanA svabhAva * utpAdavyayadhrauvyAtmakatA : svabhAva * virasA pariNamana meM svabhAva kI kAraNatA * jIva kA anAdi pAriNAmika bhAva : svabhAva - * aSTa karmoM meM svabhAva kI kAraNatA jainadarzana meM niyati kI kAraNatA * kAlacakra meM niyati kI kAraNatA tIrthakaroM meM niyati kAla evaM kSetra meM niyati. jambUdvIpaprajJapti meM niyati poSaka tattva * siddhoM meM niyati * 63 zalAkA puruSoM meM niyati * karmasiddhAnta meM niyati * kevalajJAna sahita daza boloM kA viccheda niyati kI sAdhAraNa dhAraNAe~ >> jainadarzana meM pUrvakRta karma kI kAraNatA * aSTavidha karmoM kA prabhAva * tIrthakara bananA bhI pUrvakRta karma kA pariNAma * karma kI kAraNatA kA vizada pratipAdana 554 556 556 556 557 557 558 559 559 560 561 561

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F lix 563 564 GFX 564 565 565 565 566 566 566 567 - jainadarzana meM puruSa/puruSakAra ( puruSArtha ) kI kAraNatA * puruSa yA jIva koM kA kartA evaM bhAktA * puruSa ke sAtha puruSakAra kI kAraNatA svayaMsiddha * tapa-saMyama meM kiyA gayA parAkrama hI puruSArtha * svayaM kA puruSArtha hI mokSa kA sAdhaka * puruSArtha : saMyama, tapa, nirjarA Adi kA AdhAra puruSArtha kI pramukhatA ke nidarzana - tIrthakara mahAvIra - gautama Adi gaNadhara antagaDasUtra meM 99 AtmAoM dvArA puruSArtha zAlibhadra, dhannA aNagAra, skandhaka RSi, dharmaruci aNagAra Adi ke udAharaNa >> paMca samavAya meM pA~ca kAraNoM kA samanvaya prAcIna zvetAmbara jainAcAryoM kA yogadAna - siddhasenasUri haribhadrasUri zIlAMkAcArya abhayadevasUri malladhArI rAjazekharasUri - upAdhyAya yazovijaya - upAdhyAya vinayavijaya prAcIna digambarAcAryoM kA yogadAna * Adhunika yuga meM paMca samavAya kA pratiSThApana - tilokaRSi jI mahArAja - zatAvadhAnI zrI ratnacandrajI mahArAja - AcArya vijayalakSmIsUrIzvara jI mahArAja 567 567 568 570 573 574 574 574 575 575 576 576 578

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579 579 581 582 582 583 583 583 muni zrI nyAyavijaya jI kAnajI svAmI AcArya mahAprajJa AcArya zrI vijayaratnasundarasUri jI mahArAja zrutadhara zrI prakAzamuni jI mahArAja paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA - DaoN. sAgaramala jaina - DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla > mukti prApti meM paMca samavAya kI kAraNatA > vyAvahArika jIvana meM paMca samavAya > paMca kAraNa-samavAya meM gauNa pradhAna bhAva > paMca kAraNoM kI nyUnAdhikatA > paMca kAraNa paraspara pratibandhaka nahIM > paMca samavAya : anekAntavAdI dRSTi kA pariNAma > niSkarSa 584 586 588 589 590 591 592 upasaMhAra 605-638 sahAyaka grantha sUcI 639-656

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prathama adhyAya jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya pratyeka darzana kI tattvamImAMsA meM kArya-kAraNavAda kI carcA huI hai| kAryakAraNavAda kI carcA ke binA koI bhI darzana sthApita nahIM ho sakatA / sRSTi kI utpatti kA krama ho, bandhana yA mukti kI ghaTanA ho athavA jIvana ke anya sAmAnya kArya hoM, sabhI ke saMbaMdha meM kArya - kAraNa siddhAnta ko samajhanA Avazyaka hotA hai| kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta vizva kI sabhI vidyAoM se jur3A huA hai| vijJAna, rAjanIti, sAhitya, zAstra, arthazAstra, cikitsA zAstra Adi sabhI kSetroM meM kAraNa- kArya siddhAnta kA mahattva hai| eka cikitsA vijJAnI roga ke kAraNoM ko jAnakara roga se bacane ke upAyoM kA pratipAdana kara sakatA hai| eka saphala rAjanetA bhI apanI nItiyoM kI asaphalatA ke kAraNoM ko jAne binA saphalatA ko prApta karane meM asamartha rahatA hai| jaba taka vaha ina kAraNoM ko nahIM samajha pAtA hai taba taka nItiyoM meM sudhArAtmaka kadama nahIM uThA sakatA arthAt kArya-kAraNavAda ko samajhanA usake jIvana meM bhI Avazyaka hai| arthazAstrakAra isa siddhAnta ko jAne binA arthazAstra saMbaMdhI niyamoM kA pratipAdana nahIM kara sakatA / kAraNa- kArya niyama ke mAdhyama se arthazAstrI apane deza kI Arthika pragati nahIM hone ke kAraNoM ko jAnakara usake nivAraNArtha upAya khoja sakatA hai| vijJAna kA koI bhI kSetra ho cAhe jIvana vijJAna ho yA rasAyana vijJAna yA bhautika vijJAna yA kampyUTara, sabhI kA AdhAra kArya-kAraNavAda hai| samAjazAstra bhI kAraNavAda ke siddhAnta ko lekara calatA hai tabhI samAja meM hone vAlI samasyAoM kA hala ho pAtA hai / sAhitya - zAstra meM rasa kI niSpatti rUpa kArya ke lie vibhAva, anubhAva aura saMcArI bhAvoM ko kAraNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| AdhyAtmika kSetra meM bhI duHkha ke kAraNoM ko jAnakara unakA nivAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra kAraNa-kAryavAda jIvana ke pratyeka pakSa se sambaddha hai| / yaha bhUtakAla kI upalabdhi - anupalabdhi kI samIkSA meM tathA bhAvI yojanAoM ko mUrtarUpa pradAna karane meM sahAyaka banatA hai| kAraNa-kArya kA lakSaNa kAraNa zabda 'kR' dhAtu se 'lyuT' pratyaya lagakara niSpanna hotA hai aura kR dhAtu kriyArthaka hai| ata: kriyA ke kAraka 'kAraNa' kahalAte haiN| kAraNa kArya kA niyAmaka hetu hotA hai|

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2 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa nyAyavaizeSika-darzana meM kAraNa ko nimna rUpa meM paribhASita kiyA gayA hai'yasya kAryAt pUrvabhAvo niyata: ananyathAsiddhazca, tat kAraNam kAraNa kArya kA pUrvabhAvI hotA hai| pUrvabhAva kA artha do prakAra se kiyA jAtA hai- 1. kArya kI utpatti ke pUrva rahanA 2. kAryotpatti ke avyavahita pUrvakSaNa meM rhnaa| isa taraha avyavahita pUrvakSaNa meM aura kisI samaya kArya ke pUrva rahane vAle padArtha donoM hI pUrvabhAvI kAraNa hoNge| ye pUrvavartI kAraNa kAdAcitka nahIM hoM, isalie lakSaNa meM 'niyata' zabda kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| 'ni' upasarga pUrvaka 'yam' dhAtu se 'kta' pratyaya jor3a dene para 'niyata' zabda kI niSpatti hotI hai| ata: niyata kA artha hai- 'niyama se yukta honA' jo niyamita rUpa se kArya kA pUrvavartI ho vaha niyatapUrvavartI kahalAtA hai| nizcita (niyata) pUrvavartI kI bhI aneka sthitiyA~ saMbhAvita haiM, isalie ukta paribhASA meM 'ananyathAsiddha' zabda ko jor3A gayA hai| anyathAsiddha se bhinna ananyathAsiddha hotA hai| anyathAsiddha se tAtparya jisakA kArya ke sAtha sAkSAt saMbaMdha na ho| anyathAsiddha se bhinna yAnI kArya ke sAtha sAkSAt saMbaMdha vAlA kAraNa ananyathAsiddha hotA hai| isa prakAra kAraNa vaha kahalAtA hai jo niyatapUrvavartI aura ananyathAsiddha ho| kAraNoM ke dvArA sampanna kriyA kArya kahalAtI hai| naiyAyikoM ne paribhASita karate hue kahA hai- 'ananyathAsiddhaniyatapazcAdbhAvitvaM kAryatvam arthAt anyathAsiddha na hokara niyatarUpa se kAraNa ke pazcAt honA hI 'kArya' kA lakSaNa hai| 'ghaTa' ke prati anyathAsiddha na hokara ghaTa ke pUrva niyata rUpa se upasthita hone vAle kulAla, cakra, cIvara, daNDa Adi aura 'paTa' ke prati turI, vemA Adi ghaTa evaM paTa kArya ke prati kramaza: kAraNa kahe jAte haiN| ina saba kAraNoM ke upasthita hone ke pazcAt utpanna hone se 'ghaTa' yA 'paTa' ko yathAkrama una sabakA kArya kahA jAtA hai| kAraNa-kAryavAda ke pramukha siddhAnta bhAratIya darzana meM vaidika-avaidika sabhI darzanoM ne kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta ko svIkAra kiyA hai| kintu usake svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM sabameM matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| yaha matabheda unakI apanI tattvamImAMsA ke kAraNa hai| kAraNa-kArya ke saMbaMdha meM pramukha siddhAnta isa prakAra haiM 1. satkAryavAda- sAMkhya 2. satkAraNavAda (vivartavAda)- vedAnta 3. asatkAryavAda- naiyAyika 4. asatkAraNavAda- bauddha 5. sadasatkAryavAda- jaina

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satkAryavAda jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 3 sAMkhyadarzana meM kAraNa- kArya siddhAnta para gahanatA se vicAra huA hai| vahA~ kAraNa meM kArya kI sattA, usake prakaTa hone se pUrva bhI svIkAra kI gaI hai| kArya kI apane kAraNa se abhivyakti mAtra hotI hai, sarvathA asat kArya prakaTa nahIM hotaa| kArya ko apane prakaTIkaraNa se pUrva sat mAnane ke kAraNa sAMkhya kA kAraNa kArya siddhAnta satkAryavAda ke nAma se prasiddha hai| sAMkhya meM kAraNa ko avyakta avasthA tathA kArya ko vyakta avasthA kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| sAMkhya meM 25 tattva parigaNita hue haiM- puruSa, prakRti, mahat, buddhi, ekAdaza indriyA~, paMca mahAbhUta aura paMca tnmaatraaeN| inameM se puruSa akAraNa aura akArya hai, kintu prakRti Adi 24 tattvoM meM kAraNa-kArya ghaTita hote haiN| prakRti anya 23 kAryoM (tattvoM) kI mUla kAraNa hai| prakRti kI antarnihita prayojanavattA ke kAraNa triguNoM kA isa prakAra saMgaThana hotA hai ki ve mahat ke rUpa meM parivartita ho jAte haiM tathA mahat ke triguNoM kA aisA saMgaThana hotA hai ki ve paMcabhUta, ekAdaza indriyA~ aura paMcatanmAtrA meM abhivyakta ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra sRSTi kI utpatti aura usameM hone vAle kArya prakRti Adi tattvoM kA pariNAma hai| prakRti Adi tattvoM kI saMracanA hI kAraNa kArya ke siddhAnta ko satkAryavAda ke rUpa meM aMkita karatI hai| sAMkhya kA mata hai ki aisI koI bhI cIja paidA nahIM ho sakatI jo pahale se vidyamAna na ho| jaise- tiloM meM vidyamAna tela ko mazIna kI sahAyatA se nikAlA jAtA hai| tela jo tila meM samAhita thA vaha tarala padArtha ke rUpa meM prakaTa ho gyaa| tela prakaTa hone se pUrva bhI tilarUpI kAraNa meM sat thA / ataH jo pUrva meM sat hotA hai vaha hI bAda meM prakaTa hotA hai| satkAryavAda kI siddhi meM pA~ca hetu 'sAMkhyakArikA' kI navama kArikA meM isa prakAra ullikhita haiM asadakaraNAdupAdAnagrahaNAt sarvasambhavAbhAvAt / zaktasya zakyakaraNAt kAraNabhAvAcca satkAryam / / 1. asadakaraNAt -asat kAraNa se sat kArya kI utpatti saMbhava nahIM hai| asat yAnI abhAva, abhAva se bhAva kA paidA honA prApta nahIM hotaa| hajAroM prayatna karane para bhI kAraNa vyApAra ke pUrva jo kArya asat hotA hai use sat nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| jaise- hajAroM kisAna milakara bhI Ama ke bIja se jAmuna paidA nahIM kara skte|

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4 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 2. upAdAnagrahaNAt- jisa kAraNa kA kArya ke sAtha abhinna saMbaMdha hotA hai, vaha upAdAna kAraNa kahalAtA hai| upAdAna kAraNa ke hone para kArya kA honA tathA na hone para nahIM honA rUpa avinAbhAva saMbaMdha bhI satkAryavAda ko siddha karatA hai| upAdAna kAraNa ko grahaNa na karane para kisI bhI kAraNa se koI bhI kArya paidA ho jaaegaa| jaisemiTTI se kapar3A aura kambala bhI taiyAra ho jAyeMge, jabaki yaha asaMbhava hai| ata: upAdAnakAraNa kA kArya ke sAtha saMbaMdha satkAryavAda ko puSTa karatA hai| 3. sarvasambhavAbhAvAt- sabhI kAraNoM se sabhI kAryoM kI utpatti kA abhAva pAyA jAtA hai| ata: saMbaMdhita kAraNa hI usa kArya ko karane meM samartha hone se kArya kAraNa meM sat hai| yadi asaMbaMdhita kAraNa se bhI kArya paidA hone laga jAe to koI bhI kArya kisI bhI kAraNa se utpanna hone laga jAe, kintu aisA jagat meM parilakSita nahIM hotaa| ataH sabhI kArya kAraNa meM sat hai| 4. zaktasya zakyakaraNAt- samartha kAraNa se hI kArya udbhUta hotA hai| pratyeka kAraNa pRthak-pRthak kArya ke prati zakti sampanna hotA hai| jisa kAraNa meM jaisI zakti niyata hotI hai, vaha zakti usI prakAra kA kArya sampAdita karatI hai| apanI zakti aura sAmarthya se viparIta kArya meM kAraNa ke pariNata na hone se satkAryavAda kI siddhi hotI hai| jaise- Ama ke bIja se Ama hI hotA hai| 5. kAraNabhAvAt- kArya kA mUla kAraNa' hai| yathA- vRkSa kA mUla bIja hai| bIja meM rahI huI vRkSa kI sattA bIja se abhinna hotI hai, usI prakAra kAraNa se kArya abhinna hai| kArya-kAraNa kI abhedatA hI kArya kI utpatti se pUrva usake sat hone kI puSTi karatI hai| jaise-paTa tantusamUha rUpa kAraNa se bhinna nahIM hai| isa prakAra kAraNa kI hI sadaiva kArya meM pariNati dekhe jAne se satkAryavAda ko pariNAmavAda bhI kahA jAtA hai| jaise dUdha kA pariNAma dahI hai| kAraNa meM kArya jisa rUpa se rahatA hai, usa rUpa meM vaha sAdhAraNatayA indriya se darzanIya nahIM hai, kyoMki kAraNa meM kArya sUkSma rUpa se sthita hotA hai| sabase sUkSmatama sthiti prakRti hotI hai| prakRti hI vaha kAraNa hai, jisase sabhI kArya utpanna hote haiM aura usI meM vilIna ho jAte haiN| prakRti hI vaha kendra hai jahA~ se sabhI kArya prasAra pAte haiM aura punaH usI meM simaTa jAte haiN| prakRti rUpI kAraNa meM kArya sadaiva sat rahatA hai cAhe kArya vyakta ho yA avykt| ataH prakRti ke rUpa meM kArya kI upasthiti hone se satkAryavAda kA siddhAnta siddha hotA hai|

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 5 vivartavAda ( satkAraNavAda) kriyAoM ke krama kA nirdhAraka kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta hai| yaha darzanazAstra kA pramukha evaM vicAraNIya siddhAnta hai| koI bhI aisA darzana nahIM hogA jisane isa siddhAnta para apanA mata prakaTa nahIM kiyA ho| ata: vedAnta darzana bhI vivartavAda ke rUpa meM satkAraNavAda siddhAnta ko svIkAra karatA hai| vedAntI kAraNarUpa brahma ko sat mAnate haiM, kArya rUpa jagat ko asat svIkAra karate haiN| ve 'sat' zabda kA artha kevala vastu kI pUrva vidyamAna sattA hI nahIM varan trikAlAbAdhita vastu lete haiM jo sadaiva eka sI sthiti meM rahatI hai (aparivartanazIla), jise deza aura kAla kI sImA meM bhI vibhakta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vedAntI ke matAnusAra jagat kA mUla kAraNa 'brahma' kahA gayA hai| yaha kAraNa do prakAra kA hai- 1. nimitta kAraNa 2. upAdAna kaarnn| isa dRzyamAna jagat kA upAdAna tathA nimitta kAraNa donoM brahma haiN| vedAnta meM makar3I ke udAharaNa ke mAdhyama se nirvikArI brahma ko jagat kA upAdAna tathA nimitta kAraNa siddha kiyA gayA hai "zaktidvayavadajJAnopahitaM caitanyaM svapradhAnatayA nimittaM svopAdhipradhAnatayopAdAnaM ca bhvti| yathA- lUtA tantukArya prati svapradhAnatayA nimittaM svazarIrapradhAnatayopAdAnaM ca bhvti| jisa prakAra apane zarIra kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa makar3I apane tantu rUpa kArya ke prati upAdAna kAraNa hotI hai tathA apane caitanyAMza kI pradhAnatA se nimitta kAraNa, usI prakAra avarNanIya brahma apanI pradhAnatA se to jagat kA nimitta kAraNa banatA hai tathA mAyA (ajJAna) kI pradhAnatA se isa sRSTi kA upAdAna kaarnn| kisI vastu meM anya vastu kI pratIti honA vivarta hai, isa prakAra eka hI vastu meM dUsarI vastu kI sattA pratIta hotI hai| vastutaH vastu to eka hI hai, advaita hai| vivartavAda ke siddhAnta dvArA hI vedAnta advaitavAda kI durUhatA ko hala karane meM samartha ho sakA hai| vedAnta darzana kA advaita pratipAdaka prasiddha siddhAnta hai- "sarva khalvidaM brhm"| usake anusAra saba kucha brahma hai aura brahma ke atirikta kucha nhiiN| pratikSaNa apanI sattA kI anubhUti karAne vAle jagat ko mithyA tathA carmacakSuoM se pare rahane vAle brahma ko ekamAtra satya svIkAra karanA binA vivartavAda ke siddhAnta ke saMbhava nhiiN|

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6 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa vedAntasAra ke anusAra pariNAmavAda aura vivartavAda meM antara hai| jaisA ki kahA hai satattvo'nyathA prathA vikAra ityudiiritH| atattvo'nyathA prathA vivarta ityudiiritH|| pariNAmavAda kA artha hai- jaba koI vastu apane yathArtha svarUpa ko tyAgakara anya svarUpa ko grahaNa kara letI hai to yaha svarUpa grahaNa karanA hI vikAra yA pariNAma kahalAtA hai| yathA- dahI dUdha kA vikAra yA pariNAma hai| apane svarUpa kA tyAga na karane para bhI usI vastu vizeSa meM anya kisI vastu kI mithyA pratIti honA vivartavAda hai| yathA- rajju meM sarpa kI bhraanti| isa prakAra brahma kA vivarta rUpa jagat hone se sarvatra brahma hI kAraNa hai| asatkAryavAda . nyAya-vaizeSika ke kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta ko 'asatkAryavAda' athavA 'ArambhavAda' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| vAstavavAdI nyAya-vaizeSika ke anusAra kAraNa meM kArya pahale se nahIM rahatA, vaha nayA utpanna hotA hai| kArya ko kAraNa meM pahale se svIkAra na karane ke kAraNa use asatkAryavAda kahA gayA hai| kAraNatA ke saMbaMdha meM nyAya-vaizeSika kA mata racanAtmaka vicAradhArAvAlA hai| kAraNa tathA kArya meM bheda ko svIkAra karate hue naiyAyika kArya kI racanA nae sire se mAnate haiN| utpatti ke pUrva kArya kA prAgabhAva hotA hai tathA kAryotpatti ke bAda abhAva naSTa ho jAtA hai| kAraNa kArya kA utpAdaka hotA hai, jaise- tantu se vstr| yahA~ tantu kAraNa aura vastu kArya hai| utpatti ke pUrva vastra tantu rUpI kAraNa meM vidyamAna nahIM rahatA arthAt kArya kAraNa meM asat hotA hai| ata: yaha mata 'asatkAryavAda' kahalAtA hai| kArya kA navIna Arambha hotA hai aisA svIkAra karane ke kAraNa asatkAryavAda ko ArambhavAda bhI kahA jAtA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika kI mAnyatAnusAra tantu paTa meM pariNamita nahIM hote haiM, apitu svayaM ke astitva ko TikAe hue apane sAtha-sAtha rahane vAlI eka nayI vastu paTa ko utpanna karate haiN| paTa tantuoM meM samavAya saMbaMdha se rahatA hai| samavAya saMbaMdha hI vaha kar3I hai, jo tantu va paTa kI bhinnatA meM abhinnatA banAe rakhatI hai| ata: yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki tantu paTa ke rUpa meM badala gae, kyoMki paTa ke utpanna hone ke bAda bhI tantu vidyamAna haiN| isa prakAra pUrva meM asat paTa sattA meM AtA hai|

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 7 kAraNa meM kArya kI sattA ko asvIkAra karate hue naiyAyikoM kA yaha dRSTikoNa nahIM hai ki koI bhI vastu jisakA astitva nahIM hai, utpanna kI jA sakatI hai, apitu jo vastu utpanna huI hai pahale usakA abhAva thA / ataH kArya utpanna hone para prAgabhAva kA nAza ho jAtA hai| kArya kI pUrti meM vibhinna kAraNoM kI apekSA rahatI hai| ina kAraNoM kA saMyoga milane para hI nae kArya kI utpatti zakya banatI hai| naiyAyikoM ne ina kAraNoM ko tIna prakAra se vargIkRta kiyA hai 1. samavAyikAraNa - " satsamavetaM kAryamutpadyate tatsamavAyikAraNam" jisameM samavAya saMbaMdha se rahatA huA kArya utpanna ho vaha usa kArya kA samavAyikAraNa hai| isa prakAra kArya apane kAraNa meM samaveta hotA hai| jaise ghaTa miTTI meM samaveta hai| ataH ghaTa kA samavAyikAraNa miTTI hai / 2. asamavAyikAraNa- "samavAyikAraNe AsannaM pratyAsannaM kAraNaM dvitIyamasamavAyikAraNamityarthaH samavAyikAraNa meM jo Asanna (sAtha rahatA) hai, vaha asamavAyikAraNa hai| jaise- tantu rUpa samavAyikAraNa meM tantusaMyoga pratyAsanna hai / ataH tantusaMyoga asamavAyikAraNa hai| samavAyikAraNAsamavAyikAraNAbhyAM #1 3. nimittakAraNa-"AbhyAM paraM bhinnaM kAraNaM tRtIyaM nimittakAraNam" samavAyikAraNa aura asamavAyikAraNa se bhinna tRtIya nimitta kAraNa hotA hai| jaise- kartA, karaNa aadi| isa prakAra samavAyI, asamavAyI aura nimitta kAraNoM se hI jagat ke kArya saMbhava banate hai| asatkAraNavAda yA pratItyasamutpAda bauddha darzana meM kAraNavAda ke siddhAnta ko pratItyasamutpAda ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAn buddha ke dvArA pratipAdita siddhAntoM meM "cAra Arya satya" eka mahattvapUrNa siddhAnta hai| inameM dUsarA Arya satya "duHkhasamudaya" hai| duHkha samudaya ke antargata 12 nidAna kA kathana hai| ye 12 nidAna hI pratItyasamutpAda hai| pratItyasamutpAda kA artha hai - pratyayoM se utpatti kA niyama / pratyaya ke paryAya rUpa hetu, kAraNa, nidAna, samudaya aura udbhava Adi zabda isa prasaMga meM prayukta hote haiN|

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8 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa pratyeka utpAda (utpatti) kA koI pratyaya, kAraNa aura hetu hai, yahI pratItyasamutpAda hai| jisake hone para anya vastu kA sRjana ho to vaha pahalI vastu dUsarI vastu kA pratyaya kahalAtI hai| kisI utpAda meM sahAyaka honA hI pratyaya kA lakSaNa hai| isalie pratyaya sAmagrI ke nimitta se hI padArthoM kA sattA meM AnA pratItya samutpAda hai| pratItya samutpAda ko 'tathatA', 'avitathatA', 'ananyathatA'aura 'idaM pratyayatA' bhI kahA gayA hai| dvitIya aura tRtIya Aryasatya rUpa duHkha-samudaya aura duHkha-nirodha kI vaijJAnika vyAkhyA hai- pratItya smutpaad| hetu sahita dharma ko jAna lenA hI pratItya samutpAda hai| prajJA se hetuoM kA darzana karake hI prANI nAma aura rUpa ke baMdhana se vimukta hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki pratItyasamutpAda ko prajJA kI bhUmi bhI kahA gayA hai| pratItyasamutpAda kevala dArzanika siddhAnta hI nahIM, apitu jIvana ke vikAsa kA krama bhI hai| yaha duHkha nirodhagAmI Arya ASTAMgika mArga kI tAttvika vyAkhyA karatA hai| ____ jagat meM kucha loga bhavitavyatA ke kAraNa duHkha kA udgama mAnate haiM to kucha kAla aura svabhAva ko hetu mAnate haiN| inake mantavya ko asvIkAra karate hue bhagavAn buddha ne duHkha ke anya vAstavika kAraNa mAne haiM kyoMki una kAraNoM kA nirodha kara die jAne para duHkha paramparA bhI niruddha ho jAtI hai| kisa taraha yaha prANI isa tRSNA rUpI jAla se apane Apako nikAla pAegA, isI samasyA kA samAdhAna tathAgata ke dvArA vizuddhi mArga ke rUpa meM diyA gayA hai aura isI ko saiddhAntika rUpa meM pratItyasamutpAda kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| pratItyasamutpAda kI prakriyA- avidyA ke pratyaya se saMskAra, saMskAra ke pratyaya se vijJAna, vijJAna ke pratyaya se nAma rUpa, nAma rUpa ke pratyaya se SaDAyatana, SaDAyatana ke pratyaya se sparza, sparza ke pratyaya se vedanA, vedanA ke pratyaya se tRSNA, tRSNA ke pratyaya se upAdAna, upAdAna ke pratyaya se bhava, bhava ke pratyaya se jAti, jAti ke pratyaya se jarA-maraNa-zoka, parideva, duHkha, daurmanasya aura hairAnI-parezAnI utpanna hote haiN| yaha du:kha skandha kA samudaya hI pratItyasamutpAda hai| isa niyama ke anusAra AdhyAtmika yA bAhya jagat kI hone vAlI koI bhI ghaTanA apanI utpatti ke pUrva kI ghaTanA rUpa pratyaya hetu athavA nidAna ke phalasvarUpa hotI hai tathA vaha svayaM bhI bhaviSya kI ghaTanA ke prati kAraNa hotI hai| isa prakAra yaha kAraNa-kArya rUpa bhavacakra nirantara calatA hai| vyakti yadi isa niyama ke anusAra AcaraNa kare to apane duHkha kA anta kara sakatA hai aura apanI samasyAoM kA hala pA sakatA hai|

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 9 jo dArzanika gahanatA, naitika vyApakatA aura manovaijJAnika sUkSmatA bhagavAn buddha ke dvArA upadiSTa isa pratItya samutpAda saMbaMdhI siddhAnta meM hai, vaha anya dArzanika naya meM durlabha hai| vAstava meM kAraNavAda saMbaMdhI jJAna hI bhagavAn buddha ke sampUrNa mantavya kA vizleSaNa hai| jaina darzana meM kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta sadasatkAryavAda jaina darzana kA kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta 'sadasatkAryavAda' ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaina matAvalambiyoM ke anusAra 'bIja' rUpI kAraNa sat bhI hai aura asat bhii| isI prakAra 'vRkSa' rUpI kArya bhI sat va asat donoM haiN| bIja apane svarUpa se sat hai tathA vRkSa ke utpanna hone se bIja kI sattA naSTa ho jAtI hai taba vaha asat hotA hai| vRkSa jaba bIja rUpa meM thA taba vaha asat thA aura vRkSa ke rUpa meM vaha sat hotA hai| isa prakAra jaina dArzanikoM dvArA nirUpita 'sadasatkAryavAda' siddhAnta kAraNakAryavAda ke samyak svarUpa ko prakaTa karatA hai| isameM kArya-kAraNavAda ke satkAraNavAda, satkAryavAda, asatkAraNavAda aura asatkAryavAda nAmaka cAroM siddhAntoM kA samanvaya ho jAtA hai| jainamatAnusAra pratyeka padArtha nityAnityAtmaka, sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka, dravyaparyAyAtmaka, bhedAbhedAtmaka aura sadasadAtmaka hai| kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta ke AdhArabhUta padArtha sadasadAtmaka hone se jaina darzana meM yaha siddhAnta sadasatkAryavAda ke nAma se pracalita hai| sadasatkAryavAda kA svarUpa - ekAnta sat athavA ekAnta asat padArtha na to svayaM utpanna hote haiM aura na hI kisI ko utpanna karane meM samartha hote haiN| ata: unameM kAryakAraNabhAva bhI nahIM bntaa| kAryakAraNabhAva vahIM hotA hai jahA~ kathaMcit sattva aura kathaMcit asattva ho| isalie jaina darzana meM sadasatkAryavAda ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| dravya kI dRSTi se usameM satkAryavAda ko mahattva diyA gayA hai tathA paryAya kI dRSTi se asatkAryavAda svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| donoM ke sammilita svarUpa meM sadasatkAryavAda aMgIkRta hai| kundakundAcArya ne satkAryavAda aura asatkAryavAda kA samanvaya dravya-paryAya dRSTi ke AdhAra para apane grantha 'paMcAstikAya' meM isa prakAra kiyA hai

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10 jainadarzana meM kAraNa- kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa dravya dRSTi se satkAryavAda kA samarthana karate hue kahA hai- " evaM sado viNAso asado jIvassa Natthi uppaado| " jIva kA caitanya guNa kabhI vinaSTa nahIM hotA, isalie vibhinna paryAyoM ko dhAraNa karatA huA bhI jIva sarvathA naSTa nahIM hotA aura na hI sarvathA navIna rUpa meM utpanna hotA hai / dravya dRSTi se sat kA sarvathA nAza nahIM hotA aura na hI asat kA utpAda hotA hai| paryAya dRSTi se asatkAryavAda kA samarthana karate hue kahA hai- " evaM sado viNAso asado jIvassa havadi uppaado| " jIva kA janma aura maraNa kI apekSA sevinAza aura utpAda hotA rahatA hai| eka sthAna se anya sthAna para janma lene ke lie use apane pUrva zarIra kA tyAga karanA hotA hai| anya sthAna para vaha navIna zarIra ko dhAraNa karatA hai| kundakundAcArya ne uparyukta donoM avadhAraNAoM ke bheda ko miTAkara usameM yadRSTi se ekatA sthApita kI hai| nayavAda ke AdhAra para hI jaina-darzana meM kAraNakArya siddhAnta 'sadasatkAryavAda' se nAmAMkita huA hai| paM. sukhalAla saMghavI ne zakti aura utpatti ke AdhAra para sadasattva kI vyAkhyA kI hai - zakti kI apekSA se kArya sat hai, para utpatti kI apekSA se asat hai / ataH utpatti ke lie prayatna kI apekSA rahatI hI hai aura isIlie utpatti ke pUrva avyakta dazA meM vyakta kArya sApekSa vyavahAra saMbhava nahIM hai| isI taraha kArya utpatti kI apekSA asat hai, para zakti kI apekSA vaha sat hai / isIlie pratyeka kAraNa se pratyeka kArya kI utpatti ke lie athavA manuSya zRMga jaisI asat vastu kI utpatti ke lie avakAza nahIM rhtaa| jisa kAraNa meM jisa kArya ko prakaTa karane kI zakti ho, usameM se prayatna karane ke pazcAt vahI kArya prakaTa hotA hai, dUsarA nhiiN| isa prakAra sat aura asatvAda kA samanvaya samyak yA samIcIna ( vAstavika ) sthiti ko prakaTa karatA hai| " kAraNa aura kArya ke lakSaNa kAraNa evaM kArya kA svarUpa prAyaH nyAyadArzanikoM kI bhA~ti hI jainadArzanikoM ko bhI svIkArya hai| ve bhI kArya-kAraNa ko bhinna lakSaNa vAlA mAnate haiN| yadi inakA lakSaNa bhinna na ho to sAMkarya doSa ho jaaegaa|' prabhAcandrAcArya (11vIM zatI) ne kAraNa kA lakSaNa diyA hai Ro 'yadbhAve niyatA yasyotpattistattasya kAryam, itaracca kAraNam * }

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 11 arthAt jisake hone para niyama se jisakI utpatti hai, vaha usakA kArya aura itara kAraNa kahalAtA hai| aSTasahasrI meM vidyAnanda ne kAraNa ko isa prakAra paribhASita kiyA hai 'niyatapUrvakSaNavartitvaM kAraNalakSaNam' arthAt kArya ke niyata pUrvavartI kSaNa meM rahane vAlA kAraNa hotA hai| pramANanayatattvAloka meM vAdidevasUri ne cAra prakAra ke abhAvoM kA vivecana karate hue prAgabhAva kI nivRtti ko kArya kI utpatti ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai"yannivRttAveva kAryasya samutpattiH so'sya prAgabhAva iti / yathA - mRtpiNDanivRttAveva samutpadyamAnasya ghaTasya mRtpiNDa iti / 11 prAgabhAva kI nivRtti hone para kArya hotA hai, udAharaNArtha miTTI ke piNDa kI nivRtti hone para hI ghaTa kI utpatti dekhI jAtI hai| miTTI kAraNa hai aura ghaTa kArya hai| aSTasahasrI meM kahA hai- 'niyatottarakSaNavarttitvaM kAryalakSaNam 'niyata rUpa se hone vAlA kAraNa ke uttarakSaNavartI kArya honA kahalAtA hai| svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA meM kAryakAraNabhAva nirUpaNa isa prakAra huA hai puvva-pariNAma- juttaM kAraNabhAveNa vaTTade davvaM / uttara - pariNAma judaM taM ciya kajjaM have NiyamA / / 12 pratyeka dravya meM pratisamaya pariNamana hotA rahatA hai| usameM se pUrvakSaNavartI dravya kAraNa hotA hai aura uttarakSaNavartI dravya kArya hotA hai| jaise- lakar3I jalane para koyalA ho jAtI hai aura koyalA jalakara rAkha ho jAtA hai| yahA~ koyale rUpI kArya meM lakar3I kAraNa hai aura rAkha rUpI kArya meM koyalA kAraNa hai| AptamImAMsA meM samantabhadra (chaThI zatI) ne kahA hai ki kAraNa kA vinAza hI kArya kA utpAda hai| ataH pahalI paryAya ke naSTa hone para dUsarI paryAya ke utpanna hone meM pUrva paryAya uttara paryAya kA kAraNa hai aura uttara paryAya kArya hai| isa taraha pratyeka dravya meM kArya-kAraNa bhAva vidyamAnatA hai| 'kAraNa' kArya kA anvayavyatirekI hotA hai| kAraNa ke hone para kArya kA honA anvaya tathA kAraNa ke na hone para kArya kA na honA vyatireka kahalAtA hai| ataH kArya kAraNa kA anugAmI hotA hai| jaise- miTTI kI upasthiti meM ghaTa kA honA aura

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12 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa miTTI kI anupasthiti meM ghaTa kA na honaa| dhavalA pustaka meM bhI kAraNa-kArya kA anvaya-vyatireka pratipAdita huA hai "jassa aNNa-vidiregehi NiyameNa jassaNNayavidiregA uvalaMbhaMtitaM tassa kajjamiyaraM ca kaarnnN| '13 jisake anvaya aura vyatireka ke sAtha niyama se jisakA anvaya aura vyatireka pAyA jAye, vaha usakA kArya aura dUsarA kAraNa hotA hai| kAryakAraNa meM kramabhAva jaina dArzanika mANikyanandI ne 'parIkSAmukha' meM kArya-kAraNa ko kramabhAvI batAte hue kahA hai- "pUrvottaracAriNoH kAryakAraNayozca kramabhAvaH' arthAt pUrva aura uttara kAlabhAvI padArthoM meM tathA kArya-kAraNoM meM kramabhAva avinAbhAva hotA hai| kRtikA nakSatra kA udaya aura rohiNI nakSatra kA udaya Adi pUrvottaracArI kahalAte haiM evaM dhUma aura agni Adi kArya-kAraNa kahalAte haiM, inameM kramabhAva pAyA jAtA hai| jo yugapat hote haiM yA binA krama se hote haiM, unameM kAraNa-kArya bhAva nahIM banatA, jaisegAya ke shNg| kAraNa-kArya kA krama kAla dvArA nirdhArita hotA hai| ataH pUrvakAla meM kAraNa aura uttara kAla meM kArya saMbhava banatA hai| kAraNa ke samaya meM kArya aura kArya ke samaya meM kAraNa nahIM hotA, kyoMki samAna kAla vAle padArthoM meM kArya-kAraNa bhAva asaMbhava hai| ata: gau ke dAyeM bAyeM sIMgoM meM kArya-kAraNa bhAva nahIM bntaa| kAryakAraNa saMbaMdha vAle padArtha sahabhAvI nahIM pAe jaate| ataH dhavalA pustaka meM kahA gayA hai- "kAryakAraNayorekakAlaM smutptti-virodhaat|'5 yahA~ ullekhanIya hai ki kArya evaM kAraNa kI ekakAlatA kA pratiSedha upAdAna kAraNa ko dRSTi meM rakhakara kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki nimitta kAraNa to kArya ke samaya meM bhI vidyamAna rahate haiN| udAharaNArtha 'ghaTa' kArya ke utpanna hone para upAdAna miTTI ghaTa kArya meM pariNata ho jAne se ghaTa kArya ke samaya miTTI svarUpa meM nahIM rahatI, kintu kumbhakAra, cakra Adi nimitta kAraNa to ghaTa kArya ke pUrva evaM usake samaya meM bhI vidyamAna rahate haiN| hA~, yaha avazya hai ki una nimitta kAraNoM kA bhI kArya ho jAne para kAraNatva nahIM rhtaa| ata: dhavalAkAra kA kathana upayukta hI hai| kArya meM kAraNa se viziSTatA kArya utpanna ho jAne ke pazcAt apanI arthakriyA meM kAraNa-sApekSa nahIM rahatA hai| isa tathya ko prakaTa karate hue prabhAcandrAcArya (980-1065 I.) 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa'16 meM kahate haiM

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 13 "kArya meM jo svabhAva rahatA hai vaha usameM apane kAraNa se AtA hai, kArya jaise hI kAraNa se utpanna huA ki sAtha hI ve svabhAva usameM utpanna ho jAte haiN| jaisemiTTI ke piNDa meM rUpa Adi guNa haiM ve ghaTarUpa kArya ke utpanna hote hI sAtha ke sAtha ghaTa rUpa kArya meM A jAte haiN| koI-koI kArya ke svabhAva aise bhI hote haiM ki jo kAraNoM meM nahIM rahate haiM, aise kArya ke ve guNa usa kAraNa se paidA na hokara svata: hI usa kArya meM ho jAyA karate haiN| jaise kAryarUpa ghaTa meM jala ko dhAraNa karane kA guNa hai vaha mAtra usa ghaTa rUpa kArya kA hI nija svabhAva hai, miTTI rUpa kAraNa kA nhiiN| isa prakAra padArtha utpatti mAtra meM kAraNoM kI apekSA rakhate haiM, jaba ve padArtha utpanna ho jAte haiM arthAt apane svarUpa ko prApta kara cukate haiM taba unakI nijI kArya meM pravRtti to svayaM hI hotI hai| ataH kArya niSpanna hone para apane kArya ke saMpAdana meM vaha kAraNa-sApekSa nahIM rhtaa|" nityAnityAtmaka padArthoM meM hI kAryakAraNabhAva jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra nityAnityAtmaka, dravyaparyAyAtmaka athavA sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka padArthoM meM hI kAryakAraNabhAva ghaTita ho sakatA hai, mAtra nitya evaM mAtra anitya padArthoM meM kArya-kAraNabhAva ghaTita nahIM hotaa| isa tathya kA pratipAdana haribhadrAcArya viracita SaDdarzana samuccaya ke TIkAkAra guNaratnasUri ne isa prakAra kiyA hai "kAryakAraNabhAve saMbhavinI, kAryakAraNabhAvazcArthakriyAsiddhau sidhyet| arthakriyA ca nityasya kramAkramAbhyAM sahakAriSu satsvasatsu ca janakAjanakasvabhAvadvayAnabhyupagamena noppaate| anityasya tu sato'sato vA sA na ghttte| 17 ___ arthAt kArya-kAraNa bhAva arthakriyA karane vAle padArthoM meM hotA hai| sarvathA nitya tathA sarvathA anitya sAdhya-sAdhanoM meM arthakriyA saMbhava na hone se unameM kAryakAraNabhAva nahIM bntaa| nitya padArtha sadA eka svabhAva vAlA hotA hai, ata: usameM krama se tathA yugapat sahakAriyoM kI madada se tathA unakI madada ke binA, kisI bhI taraha koI bhI arthakriyA nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki hara hAlata meM aneka kAryoM ko utpanna karane ke lie aneka svabhAvoM kI AvazyakatA hai, jinakA ki nitya meM sarvathA abhAva hai| isI prakAra sarvathA kSaNika (anitya) padArtha bhI apane sadbhAva meM tathA asadbhAva meM arthakriyA nahIM kara sktaa|

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14 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa kArya-kAraNa kI bhedAbhedatA jaina darzana bhedAbhedavAdI hai| vaha kAraNa ko kArya se na to sarvathA pRthak mAnatA hai aura na sarvathA apRthk| jaina darzana meM kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda siddhAntarUpI bhUmi para pallavita aura puSpita huA hai| ata: ekAnta bheda aura ekAnta abheda jainadarzana ko mAnya nahIM hai| padArtha ko kathaMcit bhinna aura kathaMcit abhinna mAnane se usameM ghaTita hone vAle kArya bhI bhedAbhedAtmaka svIkAra kie gae haiN| bhedAbheda mAnane para ekAnta bheda aura ekAnta abheda se hone vAle samasta doSa svata: nirasta ho jAte haiN| jisa prakAra ghaTa mRttikA se bhinna bhI hotA hai aura abhinna bhI hotA hai, usI. prakAra kArya kAraNa se bhinna bhI hotA hai aura abhinna bhI hotA hai| ghaTa miTTI se hI niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki ghaTa nirmANa kI zakti mRttikA meM hI hai| ghaTa rUpa se niSpanna hone para bhI vaha mRttikA se abhinna hai| isI taraha pahale jaba miTTI thI, taba ghaTa nahIM thA aura taba ghaTa se niSpanna hone vAle kArya bhI nahIM hote the, ata: miTTI aura ghaTa bhinna bhI haiN|18 vRttikAra abhayadevasari (10vIM zatI) ne niSkarSa rUpa meM yahI likhA hai"kAraNAt kArya anyat kathaMcit ananyat ataeva tadatadUpatayA sacca asacca iti|19 isa prakAra ekAnta satkAryavAda aura ekAnta asatkAryavAda kAlpanika haiM aura donoM kA samanvita rUpa hI yathArtha aura yuktiyukta hai| vAdidevasUri(12vIM zatI) ne kArya-kAraNa ke ekAnta bheda aura ekAnta abheda kA khaNDana kiyA hai| ekAnta abheda mAnane vAle sAMkhya darzana kA khaNDana karate hue ve kahate haiM-20 "na khalu kApilaparikalpitaH kAryakAraNayorabhedaikAntaH svapne'pi prtiiyte| saMjJAsaMkhyAsvalakSaNAdi bhedata- stantvAdikAraNapaTAdikAryayorbhedasyApTA- nubhUyamAnasya nihnotumshkytvaat|" arthAt kapila matAvalambI sAMkhyoM kA kArya-kAraNa-abheda ekAnta samyaka nahIM hai| kAraNa aura kArya kA bheda anubhavagamya hai, tantu Adi kAraNoM aura paTAdi kAryoM meM saMjJA, saMkhyA, svalakSaNa Adi bheda kI spaSTa pratIti hotI hai| kArya-kAraNa meM aikAntika bheda mAnane vAle vaizeSikoM kA bhI vAdidevasUri ne khaNDana karate hue kahA hai- "nApi vaiziSikAdisaMmatastayorbhedaikAntaH kdaacnaapyaanubhvbhuvmgaahte|' 22

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 15 vaizeSika Adi sammata kArya aura kAraNa kA bheda-ekAnta kabhI bhI anubhava meM nahIM AtA hai, inakI (kArya-kAraNa) kathaMcit bhinnAbhinnatA jainoM ko svIkArya hai| isakI siddhi meM malladhArI hemacandrAcArya(1078 I.zatI) ne nimna hetu die haiM 1. tatra saMkhyAsaMjJA-lakSaNAdibhedAdanyatvam3- tantu kAraNa hai aura paTa kArya hai| abhidhAnAdi lakSaNa se ye bhinna haiN| abhidhAna arthAt nAma, ina donoM kA nAma pRthak hai| tantu aneka aura paTa eka hone se inameM saMkhyA bheda hai| donoM kA svarUpa bhinna hone se inake lakSaNa bhinna haiN| kArya kI bhinnatA bhI dRSTigocara hotI hai, jaisetantuoM se bandhana Adi aura paTa se zIta-rakSA Adi kArya sampAdita hote haiN| 2. mRdAdirUpatayA sattva-prameyatvAdibhizcAnanyatvam- pRthvI se vyatirikta ghaTa nahIM hai kyoMki yaha pRthvI kI paryAya hai| paryAya rUpa se miTTI aura ghaTa meM ekatva hai| kAraNa aura kArya meM sattA kI samAnatA hai tathA kAraNa-kArya donoM jAnane yogya hone se unameM jJeyatva kI ekatA hai| kAraNa-kArya kA pramANita svarUpa hone se ye prameyatva rUpa bhI haiN| ata: kahA gayA hai"kAryamabhidhAnAdibhedAd bhinnaM sattva-jJeyatvAdibhistvabhinnaM syaat|' 25 miTTI se bhinna ghaTa nahIM hai, pRthvI kI paryAya hone se| ghaTa miTTI se ananya aura abhinna hai, kintu mAtra pRthvI yA miTTI ko dekhakara ghaTa ko nahIM jAnA jA sakatA hai| ata: kArya-kAraNa meM abheda ke sAtha bheda ko bhI svIkAranA Avazyaka hai| isa prakAra pRthvI yA miTTI se ghaTa anya aura bhinna bhI hai| jaisA ki bhASyakAra ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI nimnAMkita gAthA meM kahA hai jaM kajja-kAraNAiM pajjAyA vatthuNo jao te y| anne'Nanne ya mayA to kaarnn-kjjbhynneyN||26 isa prakAra kAraNa aura kArya paraspara bhinna bhI haiM aura abhinna bhI haiN| jainadarzana meM sarvatra kAraNa-kArya kI bhinnAbhinnatA svIkAra kI gayI hai| kArya-kAraNa kI sadRzAsadRzAtmakatA syAdvAdI jaina darzana kArya ko na to pUrNa rUpa se kAraNa ke sadRza svIkAra karatA hai aura na hI kAraNa ke asadRza svIkAra karatA hai| vaha kArya ko kAraNa se kathaMcit sadRza aura kathaMcit asadRza mAnakara kArya-kAraNa kI sadRzAsadRzAtmakatA pratipAdita karatA hai| yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki kArya kI sadRzatA upAdAna kAraNa se

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jainadarzana meM kAraNa-va 16 hI hotI hai, nimitta kAraNa se nhiiN| jaise- ghaTa miTTI ke sadRza hotA hai, kintu daNDAdi ke sadRza nahIM hotaa| - kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa kArya-kAraNa kI ekAnta sadRzAtmakatA kA khaNDana karate hue bhaTTa akalaMka (720 se 780 I. zatI) ne 'rAjavArttika' meM kahA hai syAnna "nAyamekAnto'sti- 'kAraNasadRzameva kAryam' iti kutaH / tatrApi sptbhNgiisNbhvaat| katham / ghttvt| yathA- ghaTa: kAraNenamRtpiNDena syAtsadRzaH sadRzaH ityAdi / mRdadavyAjIvanupayogAdyAdezAt syAtsadRzaH / piNDaghaTasaMsthAnAdiparyAyAdezAt syAnnasadRza: / ..... yasyaikAntena kAraNAnurUpaM kAryam, tasya ghaTapiNDazivakAdiparyAyA upalabhyante / kiMca, ghaTena jaladhAraNAdivyApAro na kriyate mRtpiNDe taddarzanAt / api ca mRtpiNDasya ghaTatvena pariNAmavad ghaTasyApi ghaTatvena pariNAmaH syAt ekaantsdRshtvaat| na caivaM bhavati / ato naikAntena kaarnnsdRshtvm| 27 arthAt yaha koI ekAnta nahIM hai ki kAraNa ke sadRza hI kArya ho / pudgala dravya kI dRSTi se miTTI rUpa kAraNa ke samAna ghar3A hotA hai, para piNDa aura ghaTa Adi paryAyoM kI apekSA donoM vilakSaNa haiN| yadi kAraNa ke sadRza hI kArya ho to ghaTa avasthA se bhI piNDa, zivaka Adi paryAyeM milanI cAhie thiiN| jaise - mRtpiNDa meM jala nahIM bhara sakate usI taraha ghar3e meM bhI nahIM bharA jAnA cAhie thA aura miTTI kI bhA~ti ghaTa kA bhI ghaTa rUpa se hI pariNamana honA cAhie thA, kapAla rUpa nahIM, kAraNa ki donoM sadRza jo haiN| parantu aisA to kabhI hotA nahIM hai, ataH kArya ekAnta se kAraNa sadRza nahIM hotaa| usakI sadRzatA kathaMcit hI hotI hai| isI prakAra asadRzatA bhI kathaMcit hotI hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM kAraNa- vicAra vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM dravya evaM bhAva kI kAraNatA kA vistAra se vicAra kiyA hai| vahA~ dravya kI kAraNatA kA vicAra nimnAMkita binduoM ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai 1. tatdravya aura anyadravya kAraNa / 2. nimitta aura naimittika kaarnn| 3. samavAyI aura asamavAyI kAraNa 4. SaTkArakoM kI kAraNatA

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 17 tandravya aura anya davya kAraNa- paTAdi kArya kI utpatti meM tantu Adi tatdravya kAraNa hote haiM tathA vemAdi tad anya dravya kAraNa mAne gae haiN| jaisA ki vizeSAvazyaka bhASya para malladhArI hemacandra kI vRtti meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai"tasyaiva janyasya paTAdeH sajAtIyatvena saMbaMdhi dravyaM tanvAdi tadravyam, tacca tat kAraNaM ca tatdravyakAraNam, tathA yat tadviparItaM tadanyadravyakAraNaM janyapaTAdivijAtIyaM vemAdItyarthaH 128 nimitta aura naimittika kAraNa- vizeSAvazyaka bhASya evaM usakI vRtti meM nimitta-naimittika zabdoM kA prayoga kramaza: upAdAna aura nimitta kA vAcaka pratIta hotA hai| vahA~ tantuoM ko paTa kA nimitta kAraNa tathA vemAdi ko naimittika kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| yathA- 'tatra kAryAtmana AsannabhAvena janakaM nimittaM yathA- paTasyaiva tantavaH tadvyatirekeNa paTasyAnutpatteH, tacca tat kAraNaM ca nimittakAraNam, yathA ca tantubhirvinA paTo na bhavati tathA tadgatA''tAnavitAnAdiceSTAvyatirekeNApi na bhavatyeva tasyAzca tacceSTAyA vemAdi kAraNam, ato nimittasyedaM naimittikmiti| 21 samavAyI aura asamavAyI kAraNa- ekIbhAva se apRthak gamana ko samavAya kahA gayA hai tathA paTa kI utpatti meM tantuoM ko samavAyI kAraNa aura tantusaMyoga ko asamavAyI kAraNa pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| yathA- 'samavAyItyAdi 'sam' ekIbhAve, 'avazabdo'pRthaktve', 'ay gatau' 'iN gatau' vaa| tatazcaikIbhAvenApRthag gamanaM samavAyaH saMzleSaH sa vihAte yeSAM te samavAyinastantavaH, yasmAt teSu, paTa: samavaitIti, samavAyinazca te kAraNaM ca smvaayikaarnnm| tantusaMyogAstu kAraNarUpadravyAntaradharmatvena paTAkhyakAryadravyAntarasya dUravartitvAdasamavAdhinasta eva kaarnnsmvaayikaarnnm| 20 bhASya meM kathaMcit vemAdi ko samaveta na hone se asamavAyIkAraNa bhI kahA gayA hai samavAikAraNaM taMtavo paDe jeNa te smvyNti| na samei jao kajje vemAi tao asmvaaii||1 SaTkArakoM kI kAraNatA- vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM SaT kArakoM ko bhI kAraNa ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| 'kriyAjanakatvaM kArakatvam' arthAt jisameM kriyA kI janakatA (utpAdakatA) pAyI jAtI hai, vaha kAraka kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra kartA, karma, karaNa, sampradAna, apAdAna aura adhikaraNa- ye saba kAraka kahe

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18 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa jAte haiM. kyoMki ina sabameM apane-apane DhaMga se kriyA kI janakatA pAyI jAtI hai| kAraka hone se ye saba kisI na kisI rUpa meM kArya kI janakatA meM kAraNa banate haiN| vyAkaraNa sammata SaT kArakoM kI kAraNatA kA pratipAdana vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM jinabhadragaNi (6-7vIM zatI) ne isa prakAra kiyA hai kAraNamahavA chaddhA tattha saMtato tti kAraNaM kttaa| kajjayasAhagatamaM karaNammi u piMDaM dNddaaii|| kamma kiriyA kAraNamiha nicciTTho ao na saahei| ahavA kamma kuMbho sa kAraNaM buddhi heu tti|| deo sa jassa taM saMpayANamiha taM pi kAraNaM tss| hoi tadasthittAo na kIrae taM viNA jaM so|| bhUpiMDAvAyAo piMDo vA skkraadvaayaao| cakkamahAvAo vA'pAdANaM kAraNaM taM pi|| vasuhA''gAsaM cakkaM sarUvamiccAi sanihANaM jN| kuMbhassa taM Ni kAraNamabhAvao tassa jdsiddhii|| vizeSAvazyaka para malladhArI hemacandrAcArya ne vRtti karate hue kartA Adi kArakoM kI kAraNatA ko spaSTa kiyA hai (i) kartA kI kAraNatA- 'kartA kulAlalakSaNastAvat kAryasya ghaTAdeH kAraNam, tasya tatra svAtantryeNa vyApArAt 23 arthAt ghaTa rUpI kArya meM kulAlalakSaNa vAlA kartA-kAraNa hai| kartA jaba kArya rUpa karma ko apanI kriyA kA uddezya banA letA hai tabhI usakI sampannatA ke lie vaha kriyA karane meM pravRtta hotA hai| ata: kArya karane meM svataMtra hone se vaha kartA rUpa meM ghaTa kA kAraNa banatA hai| (ii) karma kI kAraNatA- 'kriyate kA nivartyate iti karma4 isa vyutpatti se karma ke do svarUpa prakaTa hote haiN| eka kriyA rUpa aura dUsarA kArya ruup| kriyA to kartA ke vyApAra rUpa hotI hai, isakI ghaTa Adi kArya ke prati kAraNatA pratIta hI hai, kyoMki isake binA kumbhakAra bhI ghaTa kA kAraNa nahIM ho sktaa| kartA ko Ipsitatama hone se kriyamANa ghaTa hI karma banatA hai| yaha ghaTa hI kArya bhI hai| kArya

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 19 svayaM kA kAraNa kaise ho sakatA hai? jaise tIkSNa noMka vAlI suI apane Apako nahIM bIMdhatI isI prakAra kArya kabhI apanA kAraNa nahIM banatA hai| ata: ghaTa svayaM apanA kAraNa kaise ho sakatA hai? isa zaMkA kA nirAkaraNa karate hue bhASyakAra kahate haiM- 'sa kAraNaM buddhiheutti' jo ghaTa kAraNa banatA hai, vaha kumbhakAra kI buddhi meM sthita hai, jisake anusAra vaha miTTI ko ghaTa kI AkRti detA hai| sabhI kArya buddhi ke saMkalpa se hI hote haiM tabhI buddhi meM adhyavasita kumbha dravyarUpa kumbha kA avalambana hotA hai| punaH prazna kiyA jAtA hai ki dravya kumbha ke prakaraNa meM buddhi meM sthita kumbha kA kathana anucita hai| isa prazna ke uttara meM jaina dArzanika hemacandra kahate haiM'bhAvini bhUtavadupacAranyAyena tayorekatvAdhyAvasAnAdadoSaH' arthAt bhUta aura bhaviSya ke AdhAra para upacAra se aisA kaha diyA jAtA hai| jaise ghaTa banAte samaya sthAsa-koza kI sthiti ho taba bhI kumhAra ko 'kyA banA rahe ho' pUchane para vaha 'ghaTa' kahatA hai| bhaviSyakAla meM hone vAle ghaTa ko upacAra se vartamAna meM vaha kaha detA hai| isI prakAra buddhi meM sthita kumbha ko kAraNa mAnanA anucita nahIM hai|26 sabhI kAraNa sAmagrI ke saMnidhAna hone para bhI kartA kI buddhi kA adhyavasAya usa kArya meM na ho to vaha kArya nahIM hotA hai| jaise kulAla-cakra-cIvara Adi upasthita hone para bhI kulAla kI buddhi meM ghaTa-nirmANa kI pUrva yojanA na ho to ghaTa ke sthAna para zarAva Adi anya kA nirmANa hotA hai yA kucha bhI nahIM hotaa| isalie ghaTa ke nirmANa meM ghaTa bhI karma kAraNa hai|27 ___(iii) karaNa- 'mRtpiNDa-daNDa-sUtrAdikaM ghaTasya karaNam, sAdhakatamatvAt 28 jo kArya kI siddhi meM sAdhakatama kAraNa ho, vaha karaNa kahalAtA hai| yahA~ ghaTa ke nirmANa meM miTTI kA piNDa, daNDa, sUtra Adi sAdhakatama hone se karaNa rUpa meM kAraNa haiN| (iv) sampradAna- 'samyak satkRtya vA prayatnena dAnaM yasmai tat sampradAnam 19 arthAt samyak rUpa se athavA satkArapUrvaka prayatna se jisako diyA jAya vaha sampradAna hai| ghaTa ke grAhaka yA kretA sampradAna kAraNa haiN| samyak rUpa se usI ko diyA jA sakatA hai, jisako usakI AvazyakatA yA lene kI icchA ho| grAhaka ko uddezya meM rakhakara hI ghaTa kA nirmANa hotA hai anyathA nirmANa na ho| ata: ghaTa rUpI kArya meM grAhakAdi usake sampradAna kAraNa haiN| (v) apAdAna- 'dhruvatvAd bhUmilakSaNamapAdAnam jisa dhruva padArtha se pRthakkaraNa hotA hai, vaha apAdAna kAraNa hai| ghaTa nirmANa meM miTTI ko dhruva bhUmi se

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20 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa pRthak kiyA jAtA hai, ata: bhUmi ghaTa-kArya ke prati apAdAna kAraNa hai| apekSA se cakra se ghaTa ko alaga karane para cakra bhI apAdAna kAraNa hotA hai| (vi) adhikaraNa- 'saMnidhIyate sthApyate kArya yatra tat saMnidhAnamAdhAraH adhikrnnmityrthH| 11 jo padArtha kArya ke hone meM AdhAra banatA hai, vaha adhikaraNa kAraNa hai| ghaTa kA AdhAra cakra hai| cakra kA AdhAra bhUmi hai aura bhUmi kA AdhAra AkAza hai| AkAza svarUpapratiSThita hone se svayaM hI AdhArabhUta hai| isa prakAra cakra, bhUmi tathA AkAza ghaTa-kArya ke prati adhikaraNa kAraNa haiN| davya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva aura bhava kI kAraNatA jaina darzana meM kAraNatA ke pratipAdana kI eka aura dRSTi prApta hotI hai, vaha hai- dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva kI kaarnntaa| kahIM para ina cAra kAraNoM ke sAtha bhava ko bhI kAraNa mAnate hue pA~ca kAraNa nirUpita haiM- dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva aura bhv| inakI kAraNatA kA ullekha Agama-sAhitya evaM TIkA sAhitya meM vibhinna sthAnoM para prApta hotA hai| jaina vAGmaya meM etat viSayaka vicAra vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra meM kahA hai'katividhe NaM bhaMte! karaNe pannatte? "goyamA! paMcavihe karaNe pannatte, taMjahA- dabakaraNe, khattakaraNe, kAlakaraNe, bhavakaraNe, bhAvakaraNe'2 bhagavan! karaNa kitane prakAra kA kahA gayA hai? gautama! karaNa pA~ca prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| yathA- 1. dravyakaraNa 2. kSetrakaraNa 3. kAlakaraNa 4. bhavakaraNa aura 5. bhaavkrnn| ye pA~ca prakAra ke karaNa paMcavidha kAraNoM kA hI khyApana kara rahe haiN| 'karaNa' zabda kA prayoga sAdhana yA kAraNa ke artha meM bhI hotA hai| vyAkaraNa meM sAdhakatama kAraNa ko karaNa kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ dravya, kSetra Adi pA~coM kAraNa kriyA kI niSpatti meM sahAyakabhUta hone se karaNa haiN| ina kAraNoM athavA karaNoM kA vicAra jIvoM meM ghaTita hone vAle kAryoM kI apekSA lekara kiyA gayA hai| yaha tathya nimnAMkita Agama-vAkyoM se bhI puSTa hotA hai

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14 'neratiyANaM bhaMte! katividhe karaNe pannatte? jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 21 goyamA ! paMcavihe karaNe pannatte, taMjahA- davvakaraNe jAva bhAvakaraNe / evaM jAva vemANiyANaM / 143 bhagavan! nairayikoM ke kitane karaNa kahe gae haiM? gautama ! unake pA~ca prakAra ke karaNa kahe gae haiM, yathA- dravyakaraNa yAvat bhAvakaraNa (nairayikoM se lekara vaimAnikoM taka isI prakAra kA kathana karanA cAhie) yahA~ para nairayika se lekara vaimAnika taka ke jIvoM meM samasta saMsArI jIvoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra sabhI saMsArI jIvoM meM dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhava aura bhAva kI kAraNatA spaSTa hai| sUtrakRtAMga niyukti meM dravya-kSetra kAla evaM bhAva se jIva ko kartA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai- 'davve khitte kAle bhAveNa u kArao jiivo| 366 digambara Agama 'kasAya pAhuDa5 meM prAgabhAva ke vinAza meM (jo kArya kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai) dravya-kSetra - kAla - bhAva kI apekSA svIkAra kI gayI hai| 'pAgabhAvassa viNAso vi davva-khetta-kAla- bhAvAvekkhAe jaayde|' karma vipAka ke saMbaMdha meM bhI dravyAdi kI kAraNatA mAnI gayI haiudaya - kkhaya-khaovasamovasamA vi ya jaM ca kampuNo bhaNiyA / davvaM khettaM kAlaM bhAvaM ca bhavaM ca saMpapNa / / 46 arthAt jIvoM meM karmoM ke udaya-kSaya-kSayopazama aura upazama dravya-kSetra - kAla-bhAva aura bhava kA nimitta pAkara ghaTita hote haiN| Agama ke atirikta dArzanika granthoM meM bhI baMdha, udaya Adi kAryoM meM dravyakSetra - kAla - bhava-bhAva kI kAraNatA mAnI gayI hai| bhaTTa akalaMka (720 - 780 IsvIM zatI) ne rAjavArtika meM kahA hai "prakRSTaM zubhakarma sarvArthasiddhisaukhyaprApakaM tIrthaMkaratvamaharddhinirvartakaM vA asaadhaarnnm| azubhakarma ca prakRSTaM kalaMkalapRthivImahAduHkhaprApakaM apratiSThAnanarakagamanaM ca karmabhUmiSvevopArjyate dravya-bhava- kSetra-kAla bhAvApekSatvAt karmabandhasya / ' Hz - kSetra - kAla sarvArthasiddhi prApta karAne vAlA yA tIrthaMkara prakRti bAMdhane vAlA prakRSTa zubhakarma athavA sAtaveM naraka le jAne vAlA prakRSTa azubha karma dravya-bhava - aura bhAva kI apekSA se karmabhUmi meM hI baMdhatA hai|

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22 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA meM dravyAdi kAraNa kI puSTi nimna prakAra se kI gayI hai kAlAiladdhijuttA NANAsattIhi saMjudA atthA / pariNamamANA hi sayaM Na sakkade ko vi vAreduM / / " arthAt kAla Adi labdhiyoM se yukta tathA nAnAzaktiyoM vAle padArthoM ko svayaM pariNamana karate hue kauna roka sakatA hai? zubhacandrAcArya ne 'kAlAI' para TIkA karate hue kahA hai'kAlAdilabdhiyuktAH kAladravya kSetrabhavabhAvAdisAmagrI prAptA / ' ve padArtha dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva aura bhava rUpa sAmagrI ke prApta hone para svayaM pariNamana karate haiM, unheM usase koI nahIM roka sakatA / jaise- bhavyatva Adi zakti se yukta jIva kAlalabdhi ke prApta hone para mukta ho jAte haiN| bhAtarUpa hone kI zakti se yukta cAvala, IMdhana, Aga, baTalohI, jala Adi sAmagrI ke milane para bhAvarUpa ho jAte haiN| aisI sthiti meM jIva ko mukta hone se aura cAvaloM ko bhAtarUpa hone se kauna roka sakatA hai| rAjavArtika, pravacanasAra, sarvArthasiddhi meM karmodaya meM dravya, kSetra Adi ko nimitta mAnA gayA hai| yahA~ dravya kSetra, kAla, bhAva evaM bhava kI kAraNatA para saMkSepa meM prakAza DAlA jA rahA hai dravya kI kAraNatA jaina darzana meM dravya ko sattA lakSaNa vAlA kahA gayA hai arthAt jo sat hai athavA jo utpAda-vyaya-1 - dhrauvya se saMyukta hai athavA jo guNa aura paryAyoM kA AdhAra hai, vaha dravya hai| aisA paMcAstikAya meM pratipAdita hai - davvaM sallakkhaNiyaM uppAdavyayadhuvattasaMjuttaM / guNaNajjayAsayaM vA jaM taM bhaNNaMti savvaNadU / / 49 dravya chaH prakAra ke haiM- dharmadravya, adharmadravya, AkAza dravya, kAla dravya, jIva dravya aura pudgala dravya / ye cha: hI dravya paraspara kAraNa banate haiN| pratyeka dravya svapariNamana meM upAdAna kAraNa hote haiN| dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla jIva-ajIva ke kArya meM udAsIna kAraNa, pudgala evaM jIva dravya anya jIva ke prati nimitta kAraNa tathA jIva-kArya evaM anya pudgala ke prati pudgala dravya nimitta kAraNa hote haiN|deg isa

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23 jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya prakAra sabhI dravya aMtaraMga aura bahiraMga ke rUpa meM kAraNa banate haiN| ve svapariNamana meM aMtaraMga aura anya dravyoM ke pariNamana meM bahiraMga nimitta hote haiN| kSetra kI kAraNatA 'kSi' nivAsagatyoH dhAtu se uNAdika 'tra' pratyaya hokara 'kSetra' zabda banatA hai| kahIM 'kSa' dhAtu se 'STran' pratyaya karake bhI 'kSetra' zabda niSpanna kiyA gayA hai| 'kSiyanti nivasanti jIvAjIvAzca atra iti kSetram ' jahA~ jIva aura ajIva padArtha nivAsa karate haiM use 'kSetra' kahate haiN| yaha nivAsa AkAza meM kiyA jAtA hai isalie kSetra ko bhI AkAza kahA gayA hai| 'khittaM khalu AgAsaM' isa vacana se tathA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI malladhArI hemacandrakRta vRtti ke vAkya 'taccAkAzaM sarvArthavedinAM matam' se bhI puSTa hotA hai ki AkAza hI kSetra hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM spaSTa kathana hai khettaM mayamAgAsaM savvadavvAvagAhaNaliMgaM / taM davvaM ceva nivAsametapajjAyao khettaM / / " 51 sabhI dravyoM ko avagAhana yA sthAna dene ke kAraNa AkAza ko hI kSetra mAnA gayA hai| vaha AkAzadravya hI nivAsamAtra paryAya se kSetra kahA jAtA hai / upAdhibheda se isa kSetra ke aneka prakAra hote haiN| jahA~ koI padArtha rahatA hai vahI usakA kSetra kahalAtA hai / udAharaNa ke lie jisa eka pradeza meM paramANu rahatA hai vaha eka pradeza usa paramANu kA kSetra kahalAtA hai| isI prakAra anya dravyoM evaM padArthoM kA kSetra bhI samajhanA caahie| dharma-adharma Adi dravya jahA~ rahate haiM, vaha unakA kSetra hotA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki jo dravya yA padArtha jitanA sthAna gheratA hai, usakA utanA kSetra hotA hai| vizva kA koI bhI kArya ho, usameM kSetra Avazyaka rUpa se kAraNa hotA hai| binA kSetra ke koI kArya sampanna nahIM hotaa| kSetra sabhI kAryoM kA sAmAnya kAraNa hotA hai| dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, pudgalAstikAya, jIvAstikAya aura kAla ye sabhI dravya kSetra (AkAza) meM hI rahate haiN| isa prakAra sabhI dravyoM ke paryAya- pariNamana rUpa kArya meM kSetra kI kAraNatA svataH siddha hai| 'kSetra' zabda kA prayoga mUlataH AkAza ke lie huA hai kintu upacAra se janapada, nagara, grAma Adi ko bhI kSetra kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra AkAza se sambaddha pRthvI yA bhUmi ko bhI kSetra kahA jAtA hai| isI kSetra ke lie loka bhASA meM 'kheta' zabda prayukta huA hai| viziSTa kheta yA kSetra kI kAraNatA kRSi kArya kI viziSTatA ko siddha karatI hai| isIlie alaga-alaga kSetroM meM alaga-alaga prakAra kI khetI dekhI jAtI

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24 jainadarzana meM kAraNa- kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa hai, yathA- kAzmIra meM kezara, gujarAta meM kapAsa, AsAma meM cAya, rAjasthAna meM bAjarA, pa. baMgAla meM cAvala kI khetI adhika hotI hai| ghaTa, paTa Adi koI bhI kArya ho, kSetra kI kAraNatA sabameM nihita hai| kSetra kI yaha kAraNatA udAsIna nimitta kAraNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai| kSetra kisI kArya kA upAdAna kAraNa nahIM banatA hai, kintu sabhI kAryoM kI utpatti meM udAsIna nimitta kAraNa avazya banatA hai| kSetra ko bhaugolika kAraNoM ke rUpa meM bhI vyAkhyAyita kiyA jA sakatA hai| vibhinna kAryoM kI utpatti meM bhaugolika kAraNa spaSTatayA anubhava kie jAte haiN| kAla kI kAraNatA 'kalayate asau iti kAlaH ' arthAt jo nirmANa karatA hai, vaha kAla hai| yaha kAla kArya ke nirmANa meM sahayogI banatA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kAla ko paribhASita karate hue kahA hai 'vaTTaNAlakkhaNo kAlo 2 jo vartana lakSaNa vAlA hai, vaha kAla hai| kAla ke kAraNa hI dharmAstikAya Adi dravya meM vartana karate haiM arthAt bane rahate haiN| tattvArthasUtrakAra ne 'kAla' ke kArya batAte hue use kAraNa rUpa meM prarUpita kiyA hai 'vartanA pariNAmaH kriyA paratvAparatve ca kAlasTA 13 kAla dravya ke cAra upakAra (kArya) batAe haiM- 1. vartanA 2. pariNAma 3. kriyA 4. paratva - aprtv| vartana, pariNamana, kriyA, jyeSThatva - kaniSThatva ina kAryoM ke prati 'kAla' udAsIna nimitta kAraNa hotA hai| pratyeka dravya apanI nija zakti se paryAya rUpa pariNamana karatA hai, naI-naI paryAya dhAraNa karatA hai aura purAnI paryAya kA tyAga karatA hai / dravya ke isa pariNamana meM kAla nimitta kAraNa banatA hai / kAla anya dravyoM ke prati sadaiva udAsIna nimitta kAraNa banatA hai, upAdAna kAraNa nahIM bana sktaa| bhagavatI sUtra kAla ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana 'aNaMtA samayA' ke rUpa meM karatA hai| bRhad dravyasaMgraha " meM bhI 'davvaparivaTTarUvo jo so kAlo havei' ukti dvArA kAla ko dravyoM ke parivartana meM sahAyaka kAraNa ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| 4 kAla ko dravya ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane meM jainAcAryoM meM matabheda hai, kintu ise sAmAnya kAraNa mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai| kAla ke prabhAva se hI jIva

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 25 karmodaya ke kAraNa naraka gati, tiryaMca gati arthAt pazu-pakSiyoM kI gati, manuSya gati evaM deva gati meM jAtA hai| kAlacakra ke kAraNa hI zItakAla meM ThaNDa, grISmakAla meM garmI, varSAkAla meM varSA hotI hai| ucita kAla Ane para hI phUla khilatA hai, phala pakatA hai, pakSI ur3atA hai, manuSya janmatA hai, sUrya ugatA hai aura kamala vikasita evaM saMkucita hote haiN| bhAva kI kAraNatA Agama'6 meM bhAva ko paryAya kahakara donoM ko ekArthaka siddha kiyA gayA hai| pUrvokta SaD dravyoM kI paryAya hI bhAva hai| dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla kI kramazaH gati, sthiti, avagAhana evaM vartanA lakSaNa rUpa paryAya haiM jo jIva aura pudgala ke vibhinna pariNAmoM meM sahAyaka hotI haiN| pudgala kI varNa-gaMdha-rasa aura sparza paryAyeM haiM tathA jIva kI audayika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika, aupazamika aura pAriNAmika ye pA~ca bhAva paryAyeM haiN| dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla kI paryAyeM kArya meM udAsIna kAraNa hotI haiN| pratyeka pudgala kI varNAdi paryAya pRthak-pRthak hotI haiM, ata: unase nirmita aneka kArya jagat kI vibhinnatA meM dRSTigocara hote haiN| jIva ke paMca bhAva mokSa, baMdha Adi kAryoM meM nimitta banate haiN| koI bhI dravya paryAya yA bhAva se rahita nahIM hotA, usa dravya kI paryAya pratikSaNa parivartanazIla hotI hai| pUrva paryAya kA vinAza aura uttara paryAya kA utpAda satata calatA rahatA hai| phira bhI dravya kI dhruvatA banI rahatI hai| vastu utpAda-vyayadhrauvyAtmaka hone se trayAtmaka kahI jAtI hai| yaha trayAtmakatA vastu se bhinna nahIM hai, yaha to vastu kA lakSaNa evaM svarUpa hai| jaba eka vastu kisI kArya meM kAraNa banatI hai to usakI paryAya yA usakA bhAva bhI avazya kAraNa banatA hai| paryAya ke binA to kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta hI pravRtta nahIM hotaa| koI paryAya kAraNa hai to koI paryAya kaary| eka sAmAnya niyama hai 'kAraNagaNA hi kAryagaNAn Arabhante' arthAt kAraNa ke jaise guNa hote haiM vaise hI kArya meM Ate haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki kAraNa ke anurUpa hI kArya utpanna hotA hai| bIja jina kaTu Adi paryAyoM se yukta hotA hai, vaha vaise hI kaTu vRkSa yA phala ko utpanna karatA hai| jIva meM ghaTita hone vAle kAryoM ke prati 'bhAva' kAraNa banate haiM, aisA anuyogadvArasUtra meM vistAra se pratipAdana huA haichavidhe bhAve paNNatte odaie, upasamite, khattite, khAovasamite, pariNAmite, snnivaaie|57

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26 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa bhAva cha: prakAra ke hote haiM- 1. audayika 2. aupazamika 3. kSAyika 4. kSAyopazamika 5. pAriNAmika aura 6. saannipaatik| audayika, aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika, pAriNAmika aura sAnnipAtika bhAva kI kAraNatA audayika bhAva- 'udae aTThaNhaM kammapagaDINaM udennN| se taM ude| 58 jJAnAvaraNAdika ATha karmaprakRtiyoM ke udaya se hone vAlA bhAva-paryAya audayika bhAva hai| jJAnAvaraNAdi ATha karmoM kA udaya hone para tajjanya avasthAe~ utpanna hone se karmodaya kAraNa hai aura tajjanya avasthAe~ kArya haiN| ina bhAvoM ke nimitta se jIva meM nimna kArya sampanna hote haiM - nAraka Adi cAra gatiyA~, krodhAdi cAra kaSAya, tIna veda, mithyAdarzana, ajJAna cha: lezyAe~, asaMyama, saMsAritva, asiddhatva aadi| jaise ki gati nAma karmodaya ke kAraNa manuSyAdi gatiyA~, kaSAyacAritramohanIya karmodaya ke kAraNa krodhAdi kaSAya, nokaSAya cAritramohanIya karmodaya ke kAraNa vedatrika, mithyAtva mohanIya ke kAraNa mithyAdarzana aura jJAnAvaraNa ke kAraNa ajJAna Adi vibhinna kArya jIva meM niSpanna hote haiN| audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka Adi zarIra bhI audayika bhAva se prApta hote haiN| aupazamika bhAva- 'uvasame mohaNijjassa kammassa uvsmennN| se taM uvasame arthAt mohanIya karma ke upazama se hone vAle bhAva ko upazama (aupazamika) bhAva kahate haiN| ina aupazamikabhAva rUpa hetu se samyaktva cAritra Adi labdhiyA~ jIvoM ko prApta hotI haiN| darzana mohanIya ke upazama se samyaktva labdhi, cAritra mohanIya ke upazama se cAritra labdhi, mohanIya karma ke anya prabhedoM ke upazama se krodhazamana, mAnazamana Adi kriyAe~ jIva me niSpanna hotI haiN|61 kSAyika bhAva- 'khae aDhaNhaM kammapagaDINaM khennN| se taM khe| 62 ATha karma prakRtiyoM ke kSaya se hone vAlA bhAva kSAyika hai| kSAyika bhAvarUpa heta (kAraNa) se kevalajJAna-kevaladarzana kI prApti, avyAbAdha sukha kI prApti, moha kA kSaya aura anantavIrya prApta hotA hai|62 isa prakAra kSAyika bhAva hI jIva ke siddha, buddha aura mukta hone meM nimitta haiN| kSAyopazamika bhAva- 'khAovasame cauNhaM ghAikammANaM khaaovsmennN| taMjahA- 1 NANAvaraNijjassa 2. saNAvaraNijjassa 3. mohaNijjassa 4. aNtraaiyss| se taM khaaovsmo|64 jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya ina cAroM ghAti kamoM ke kSayopazama ko kSayopazama bhAva kahate haiN|

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 27 kSAyopazamika bhAvoM se jJAnAvaraNa Adi karmoM ke AvaraNa anAvRta hote haiN| matijJAnalabdhi, zrutajJAnalabdhi, avadhijJAnalabdhi aura manaHparyAyajJAna labdhi tattat jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se evaM cakSudarzanalabdhi, acakSudarzanalabdhi, avadhidarzanalabdhi kramaza: cakSudarzanAvaraNa, acakSudarzanAvaraNa aura avadhidarzanAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se prApta hone ke kAraNa kSayopazamaniSpanna kArya hai| mithyAtvamohanIya ke kSayopazama se samyagdarzanalabdhi aura dAnAntarAya karma kSayopazama se dAna-lAbha-bhoga-upabhoga aura vIrya labdhi prApta hotI hai| pAriNAmika bhAva- dravya ke mUla svabhAva kA parityAga na honA aura pUrva avasthA kA vinAza tathA uttara avasthA kI utpatti hote rahanA pariNamana-pariNAma hai| arthAt svarUpa meM sthita rahakara utpanna tathA naSTa honA pariNAma hai| aise pariNAma ko athavA isa pariNAma se jo bhAva niSpanna ho use pAriNAmika bhAva kahate haiN| pAriNAmika bhAva ke kAraNa hI jisa dravya kA jo svabhAva hai, usI rUpa meM usakA pariNamana-parivartana hotA hai| sAnnipAtika bhAva- saNNivAie etesiM ceva udaiya uvasamiyakhAiya-khAovasamiya pariNAmiyANaM-bhAvANaM-duyasaMjoeNaM tiyasaMjoeNaM caukkasaMjoeNaM paMcaga-saMjoeNaM je nippajjati sabbe se sannivAie jaame|66 arthAt audayika, aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika aura pAriNAmika ina pA~coM bhAvoM ke dvikasaMyoga, trikasaMyoga, catuHsaMyoga aura paMcasaMyoga se jo bhAva niSpanna hote haiM, ve sAnnipAtika bhAva hai| yaha bhAva pUrvokta kAryoM meM kAraNa banatA hai| ata: pRthak se vivecana kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| jIva ke baMdhana aura mokSa meM usake bhAvoM ko hI pradhAna kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| jIva ke gati (narakAdi), kaSAya, lezyA Adi audayika bhAva jahA~ baMdha ke kAraNa haiM, vahA~ samyak darzana, samyaka jJAna, samyak cAritra Adi kSAyika bhAva mokSa ke hetu banate haiN| isa prakAra bhAvoM kI kAraNatA asaMdigdha hai| pudgala meM bhI isI prakAra usake varNa gaMdha, rasa, sparza bhAvoM ke anurUpa prazasta yA aprazasta kArya utpanna hote hue dekhe jAte haiN| jaise- komala evaM snigdha dhAgoM se mulAyama kapar3A banatA hai, isameM dhAge kI snigdha aura komala paryAya kapar3e ke mulAyama hone meM kAraNa hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM prazasta evaM aprazasta bhAva- vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM bhAva kAraNa ko do prakAra kA nirUpita kiyA gayA hai-1. prazasta aura 2. aprshst|

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jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa aprazasta kAraNa saMsAra se saMbaMdhita hote haiM, inheM asaMyama ke AdhAra para eka prakAra kA, ajJAna aura avirati ke AdhAra para do prakAra kA tathA mithyAtva, ajJAna aura avirati ke AdhAra para tIna prakAra kA nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| prazasta bhAva kAraNa ko bhI isI prakAra ekavidha, dvividha aura trividha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| ekavidha meM saMyama ko dvividha meM jJAna - saMyama ko, tathA trividha meM samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura saMyama ko bhAva kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| yaha prazasta bhAva kAraNa mokSa meM hetu hotA hai| bhava kI kAraNatA 28 bhava kA artha hotA hai- jnm| janma hI jaba kisI kArya meM kAraNa hotA hai to use bhava kI kAraNatA kahA jAtA hai| yathA - devagati aura narakagati meM vaikriya zarIra honA rUpa kArya bhava kI kAraNatA se sampanna hotA hai| isI prakAra avadhijJAna yA vibhaMgajJAna devoM aura nArakoM meM devAyu aura narakAyu rUpa bhava kI kAraNatA se prakaTa hotA hai| jaisA ki kahA hai- 'tatra bhavapratyayo nArakadevAnAm " isI prakAra manuSya bhava meM hI mokSa mAnya hone se manuSya bhava mokSarUpI kArya meM kAraNa banatA hai / devagati meM sukha aura narakagati meM atyanta duHkha meM bhI bhava kI kAraNatA aMgIkAra kI jA sakatI hai / tiryaMca gati meM pakSiyoM kA ur3anA, machalI kA tairanA, sarpa kA reMganA, meMDhaka kA thala - jala meM rahanA Adi sabhI kArya bhava kI kAraNatA siddha karate haiN| yathA'jIva' kI karma-baMdhana kriyA meM jIva dravya svayaM aMtaraMga kAraNa aura karma pudgala bAhya kAraNa hote haiM / kintu kaI sthAnoM para jIva dravya ke lie pA~cavAM 'bhava' kAraNa bhI mAnA gayA hai| jIva dravya meM baMdha, udaya, mokSa Adi kI ghaTanAe~ hotI haiN| ina kriyAoM meM dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva aura bhava kAraNa hote haiM, yathA- karmoM ke udaya meM jIva dravya svayaM Antarika kAraNa aura udaya meM Ane vAle karma- pudgala bAhya kAraNa, sthala Adi kA prabhAva 'kSetra' kAraNa, kAla vizeSa meM karmodaya honA 'kAla' kAraNa, jIva ke tatkAlIna kaSAya bhAva 'bhAva' kAraNa aura naraka tiryaMca- manuSya- deva rUpI kisI gati meM rahane se 'bhava' kAraNa banate haiN| nimitta aura upAdAna kArya eka viziSTa prakAra kI paryAya hai jo upAdAna evaM nimitta kAraNoM se prakaTa hotI hai| kArya ko upAdAna kAraNa kI paryAya kahA jA sakatA hai, jisake prakaTa hone meM nimitta sahAyabhUta hotA hai| pratyeka kArya kAraNapUrvaka hI hotA hai aura kArya kI utpAdaka sAmagrI ko kAraNa kahA jAtA hai| yaha utpAdaka sAmagrI upAdAna aura nimittoM ke rUpa meM do prakAra kI hotI hai|

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 'upAdIyate anena' isa vigraha ke AdhAra para 'upa' evaM 'A' upasargapUrvaka viziSTa 'dA' dhAtu se kartA ke artha meM 'layuT' pratyaya hokara 'upAdAna' zabda niSpanna huA hai| jisakA artha hotA hai ki jo kArya rUpa pariNata ho yA jisameM kArya utpanna ho, vaha upAdAna hai| 'upAdAna kAraNa' kAraNa samUha meM mukhya hotA hai| anya kAraNoM kI upasthiti ke bAvajUda bhI isa mukhya kAraNa ke binA kArya sampanna nahIM hotA / jaise-ghaTa kI utpatti meM miTTI upAdAna kAraNa hai| daNDa, cakra, kumhAra Adi anya sabhI kAraNa vartamAna hoM taba bhI upAdAna kAraNa ke abhAva meM ghaTa kA nirmANa nahIM ho sktaa| sampUrNa kAraNoM meM isakI mukhyatA prakaTa hone se ise 'mukhya kAraNa' se bhI abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| 'nimitta' zabda 'ni' upasargapUrvaka snehArthaka 'mid' dhAtu se kartA artha meM hI 'kta' pratyaya hokara niSpanna huA hai| 'mitra' zabda bhI mid dhAtu se banatA hai / isa prakAra jo mitra ke samAna upAdAna kA snehana kare arthAt upAdAna kI kAryapariNati meM mitra ke samAna sahayoga pradAna kare, vaha nimitta hai| jaise- ghaTa kI niSpatti meM daNDa, cakra, kumhAra Adi nimitta kAraNa haiN| ye nimitta kAraNa svayaM ghaTa nahIM banate, kintu ghaTa banane meM miTTI rUpI upAdAna kAraNa kA sahayoga karate haiN| sahayogI hone se nimitta ko sahakArI kAraNa bhI kahate haiN| 29 jisa padArtha meM kArya niSpanna hotA hai, usa padArtha ko upAdAna kAraNa aura jo kArya niSpanna huA hai, use upAdeya kahA jAtA hai tathA nimitta kAraNa kI apekSA kathana karane para usI kArya ( upAdeya) ko naimittika bhI kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra eka hI kArya ko upAdAna kAraNa kI apekSA upAdeya aura nimitta kAraNa kI apekSA naimittika kahA gayA hai| jo ghaTa rUpa kArya miTTI rUpa upAdAnakAraNa kA upAdeya kArya hai, vahI ghaTarUpa kArya kumhArarUpa nimitta kAraNa kI apekSA se naimittika kArya hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki miTTI aura ghaTa meM upAdAna - upAdeya saMbaMdha hai tathA kumhArAdi nimitta kAraNa aura ghaTa meM nimittanaimittika saMbaMdha hai| ataH upAdAna - upAdeya saMbaMdha evaM nimitta - naimittika saMbaMdha kAraNa-kArya saMbaMdha ke hI rUpa haiM, jo pratyeka kAraNa-kArya saMbaMdha para anivArya rUpa se ghaTita hote hai| isa prakAra pratyeka kArya niyama rUpa se upAdeya bhI hai aura naimittika bhI hai, upAdAna kI apekSA upAdeya hai aura nimitta kI apekSA naimittika hai|

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30 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa vaidika darzanoM meM upAdAna evaM nimitta kA svarUpa __ vedAntI kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta ko pratipAdita karate hue upAdAna aura nimitta kAraNa se kArya kI niSpitti svIkAra karate haiN| yaha sadAnandayogIkRta vedAntasAra ke nimna kathana dvArA pramANita hotA hai "zaktidvayavadajJAnopahitaM caitanyaM svapradhAnatayA nimittaM svopAdhipradhAnatayopAdAnaM ca bhvti| yathAlUtA tantukArya prati svapradhAnatayA nimittN| svazarIrapradhAnatayopAdAnaM ca bhvti||'69 arthAt do zaktiyoM kI ajJAnopAdhi se yukta caitanya apane prAdhAnya se nimitta kAraNa tathA apanI upAdhi ke prAdhAnya se upAdAna kAraNa hotA hai|jaise- eka hI makar3I jAlarUpa kArya ke prati caitanya ke prAdhAnya se nimitta kAraNa hai tathA apane zarIra ke prAdhAnya se upAdAna kAraNa bhI hai, usI bhA~ti ajJAnopAdhi yukta AtmA caitanya kI pradhAnatA se samasta prapaMca (saMsAra) kA nimitta kAraNa tathA ajJAna ke prAdhAnya se upAdAna kAraNa hai| isa prakAra vedAntiyoM ne brahma ko upAdAna aura nimitta kAraNa rUpa svIkAra karake usase jagadutpatti rUpI kArya mAnA hai| naiyAyika samavAyI, asamavAyI aura nimitta rUpa se kAraNa ke tIna rUpa svIkAra karate haiM"tacca kAraNaM trividhm| smvaayi-asmvaayi-nimitt-bhedaat|30 kArya ke mUlabhUta kAraNa arthAt upAdAna kAraNa ko hI ve samavAyikAraNa mAnate haiM, jaise- ghaTa kA mittttii| asamavAyikAraNa ko ve samavAyikAraNa para nirbhara mAnate haiN| ataH asamavAyikAraNa bhI 'upAdAna kAraNa' hI hai| isa prakAra samavAyiasamavAyi kAraNoM ko upAdAna kAraNa kA hI bheda mAnA jA sakatA hai| tIsarA nimitta kAraNa hai jo vedAnta meM svIkRta nimitta kAraNa ke samAna hI hai| isa prakAra nyAyadarzana meM pratipAdita samavAyI Adi kAraNatraya ko upAdAna aura nimitta ke bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| sAMkhyadArzanika bhI sRSTi ke sarjana meM upAdAna aura nimitta rUpa meM kAraNa ko svIkAra karate haiN| vAcaspati mizra ne sAMkhyakArikA kI 21 vIM kArikA para

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 31 tattvakaumudI TIkA meM kahA hai-'pradhAnasya sarvakAraNasya yad darzanamiti' arthAt buddhyAtmaka kAryarUpa meM pariNata huI 'prakRti' jo sarva kAraNa arthAt samasta saMsAra kA upAdAna kAraNa hai aura 'tatkRtaH sargaH' dvArA prakRti aura puruSa kA saMyoga nimitta kAraNa hai| isa prakAra prakRti rUpa upAdAna aura prakRti-puruSa saMyoga rUpa nimitta kAraNa saMsAra kI niSpatti ke janaka hai| jainadarzana meM upAdAna-nimitta kA svarUpa AgamoM meM kAraNa ke upAdAna aura nimitta bhedoM kA spaSTa kathana nahIM milatA hai kintu anuyogadvArasUtra meM prakArAntara se upAdAna kAraNa kI svIkRti milatI hai, vahA~ zeSavat anumAna kA nirUpaNa karate hue kAraNa se kArya ke anumAna kA udAharaNa dete hue tantuoM ko paTa kA kAraNa nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| paTa ke prati tantuoM kI kAraNatA upAdAna kAraNatA hI hai, anya nhiiN| AgamoM meM nimitta zabda kA bhale hI prayoga na huA ho, kintu AgamoM meM yatra-tatra nimittoM kI kAraNatA ko jAnA jA sakatA hai| udAharaNArtha- prajJApanA sUtra ke 23veM pada meM aSTavidha karma prakRtiyoM ke baMdhana kI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke udaya se jIva darzanAvaraNIya karma ko nizcaya hI prApta karatA hai, darzanAvaraNIya karma ke udaya se darzana mohanIya ko prApta karatA hai, darzanamohanIya karma ke udaya se mithyAtva ko prApta karatA hai aura mithyAtva ke udaya se jIva ATha karma prakRtiyoM ko bAMdhatA hai| yahA~ jJAnAvaraNIya kA udaya darzanAvaraNIyake udaya kA nimitta kAraNa hai| darzanAvaraNIya kA udaya darzana mohanIya kI prApti kA nimitta kAraNa hai, usI prakAra darzana mohanIya karma mithyAtva kI prApti meM nimitta kAraNa hai aura mithyAtva kA udaya ATha karma prakRtiyoM ko bAMdhane meM nimitta kAraNa hai| isa prakAra nimitta kAraNa kI svIkRti Agama-sAhitya meM aneka sthAnoM para huI hai|72 svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA meM upAdAna-nimitta kA svarUpa isa prakAra pratipAdita huA hai Niya-NiyA-pariNAmANaM Niya-Niya-davvaM Ni kAraNaM hodi| aNNaM bAhira - davvaM Nimitta - mittaM viyaanneh||73 ___ arthAt apane apane pariNAmoM kA upAdAna kAraNa apanA dravya hI hotA hai| anya jo bAhya dravya hai, vaha to nimitta mAtra hai| isa prakAra jo kAraNa svayaM hI kAryarUpa

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32 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa pariNamana karatA hai, vaha upAdAna kAraNa hotA hai| jaise- saMsArI jIva svayaM hI krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha yA rAga-dveSa Adi rUpa pariNamana karatA hai, ata: vaha upAdAna kAraNa hai aura jo usameM sahAyaka hotA hai, vaha nimitta kAraNa hotA hai| upAdAna kAraNa- aSTasahasrI meM upAdAna kAraNa kA svarUpa prakaTa karate hue kahA gayA hai tyaktAtyaktAtyArUpaM yatpUrvApUrveNa vrtte| kAlatrayo'pi tad davyamupAdAnamiti smRtm|| arthAt jo dravya tInoM kAloM meM apane rUpa ko chor3atA huA aura nahIM __ chor3atA huA, pUrva rUpa se aura apUrva rUpa se varta rahA hai vaha upAdAna kAraNa hai| dravya guNaparyAyavAn hai| guNa zAzvata hone ke kAraNa apane svarUpa ko trikAla nahIM chor3ate aura paryAya kSaNika hone ke kAraNa apane svarUpa ko pratikSaNa chor3atI hai| ye guNa evaM paryAya usa dravya se pRthak koI arthAntara rUpa nahIM haiN| ina donoM meM samaveta dravya hI kArya kA upAdAna kAraNa hai| upAdAna kAraNa ke lie nija zakti, samartha kAraNa, mUlahetu, aMtaraMga sAdhana, mukhya hetu kartA Adi vibhinna saMjJAe~ prayukta hotI haiN| pravacanasAra kI TIkA meM upAdAna ko antaraMga sAdhana mAnate hue kahA gayA hai "davyamaNi samupAttaprAktanAvasthaM samucitabahiraMgasAdhanasannidhisadbhAve vicitrabahutarAvasthAnaM svarUpakartRkaraNasAmarthyasvabhAvenAMtaraMgasAdhanatAmupAgatenAnugRhItamuttarAvasthayotyAAmAnaM tenotpAdena lkssyte||75 ___ arthAt jisane pUrva avasthA prApta kI hai aisA dravya bhI jo ki ucita bahiraMga sAdhanoM ke sAnnidhya ke sadbhAva meM aneka prakAra kI bahuta sI avasthAe~ prApta karatA hai vaha antaraMgasAdhanabhUta svarUpakartA aura svarUpakaraNa ke sAmarthyarUpa svabhAva se anugRhIta hone para, uttara avasthA se utpanna hotA huA vaha utpAda se lakSita hotA hai| ___paMcAstikAya meM dharma-adharma ko jIva kI gati-sthiti kA mukhya hetu nahIM kahakara jIva yA pudgala ko hI usakA mukhya hetu arthAt upAdAna mAnA hai| isa prakAra paMcAstikAya meM upAdAna ke lie 'mukhya hetu' zabda prayukta huA hai| samayasAra kalaza meM "yaH pariNati saH kartA" ukti ke dvArA upAdAna ko kartA zabda se saMbodhita

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 33 kiyA gayA hai| cUMki pariNamana kA kartA upAdAna hai ataH yahA~ upAdAna ke lie kartA AyA hai| dhavalA(12/4) meM 'samartha kAraNa' aura svayaMbhUstotra meM 'mUlahetu' zabdoM kA ullekha upAdAna ke lie prApta hotA hai| nimitta kAraNa kI apekSA upAdAna ko naimittika bhI kahA jAtA hai| kArya kI utpatti kA niyAmaka kAraNa upAdAna hotA hai kyoMki kArya kI utpatti upAdAna kAraNa ke anusAra hotI hai| jaise- yava bone para yava hI utpanna hote haiN| yahA~ kArya kI utpatti kA jo kAraNa kahA gayA hai vaha samartha kAraNa hI hai| samartha kAraNa upAdAna kAraNa ko kahate haiM, ata: upAdAna kAraNa ke anusAra hI kArya hotA hai| aisA bRhatdravyasaMgraha TIkA meM kahA gayA hai "upAdAnakAraNasadRzaM kAryamiti vacanAt / nimitta kAraNa- AcArya vidyAnandi (775-840 I. zatI) ne tattvArthazlokavArtika meM sahakArI kAraNa yAnI nimitta kAraNa kA lakSaNa karate hue likhA hai 'yadanantaraM hi yadavazyaM bhavati tattasya sahakArikAraNam arthAt jo jisake anantara niyama se hotA hai, vaha usakA sahakArI kAraNa hai| isa prakAra sahakArI yAnI nimitta kAraNa kI kAryakAritA siddha hai ki vaha kArya nimitta ke sadbhAva meM hI hotA hai, usake abhAva meM kabhI nahIM hotA hai| nimitta kAraNa svayaM kAryarUpa meM pariNamita nahIM hokara kArya kI niSpatti meM sahayogI banatA hai| jaiseghar3e kI utpatti meM kumbhakAra, daNDa, ckraadi| sarvArthasiddhi meM pratyaya, kAraNa tathA nimitta ko ekArthavAcI kahA hai pratyaya: kAraNaM nimittamityanarthAntaram sarvArthasiddhi meM nimitta, kAraNa, pratyaya, hetu, sAdhana, Azraya, Alambana, anugrAhaka, hetukartA, preraka, rAjavArtika meM kAraNa, hetu, samayasAra meM hetu, utpAdaka, kartA, pravacanasAra meM kAraNa, hetu tathA paMcAdhyAyI meM hetumata, abhivyaMjaka va upakArI zabda nimitta kAraNa ke lie prayukta hue haiN| 2 jaina-tattva-mImAMsA meM baMdhaka pariNAma, upakAraka, sahAyaka, AdhAra nimitta, Azraya nimitta, udAsIna nimitta Adi paryAyavAcI nAmoM kA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai| AcArya amRtacandra ne nimitta ke lie kAraNa, hetu, nimittakartA, hetukartA, bahiraMga sAdhana, udAsIna kAraNa, AzrayakAraNa, udAsIna hetu, nimittamAtra Adi zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| isa prakAra vibhinna granthoM meM nimitta ke lie vibhinna paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke prayoga dekhe jAte haiN|

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34 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa nimitta do prakAra ke hote haiM- 1. udAsIna aura 2. prerk| udAsIna nimitta anya dravya ko preraNA kie binA usake kArya meM sahAyaka mAtra hotA hai| isakA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki vaha bilkula vyartha hI hai apitu kArya kI niSpatti usake binA asaMbhava hone se usako avinAbhAvI sahAyaka mAnA gayA hai jaise- machalI ke lie jala tairane meM udAsIna rUpa se sahAyaka hai, isI prakAra dharma, adharma Adi dravya bhI jIva kI gati-sthiti meM udAsIna kAraNa haiN| jo apane Apa meM kriyAzIla-sakriya rahakara anya vastu ke pariNamana meM anukUla hote haiM, ve preraka nimitta kahalAte haiN| preraka nimitta kriyAvAn dravya hI ho sakatA hai| vastu kI sahAyatA va anugraha karane ke kAraNa vaha nimitta upakAraka, sahAyaka, sahakArI, anugrAhaka Adi nAmoM se pukArA jAtA hai| jaise-ghaTa nirmANa meM kumbhakAra Adi preraka nimitta hai| isa taraha upAdAna aura nimitta ke samanvaya se hI kArya saMbhava banatA hai| ataH tattvArthazlokavArtika meM "sukhaduHkhajIvitamaraNopagrahAzca" sUtra kI TIkA meM sUtrakAra ne sAtAvedanIya ke lie jIva ko upAdAna aura karma ko nimitta kAraNa kahate hue likhA hai'atropagrahavacanaM sadvedyAdikarmaNAM sukhAdyatyattau nimittamAtratvenAnugrAhakatvapratipatyartha pariNAmakAraNaM jIvaH sukhAdInAM tasyaiva tthaa-prinnaamaat| arthAt yahA~ 'upagraha' zabda kA prayojana yaha pratipatti karA denA hai ki jIva ke sukhAdi kI utpatti karane meM sAtAvedanIya Adi karma kevala nimitta hokara anugrAhaka haiN| zarIra Adi ke upAdAna kAraNa jaise pudgala haiM, usa prakAra sukhAdi ke upAdAna kAraNa pudgala nahIM hai, sukhAdi pariNAmoM kA upAdAna kAraNa jIva hai| kyoMki usa jIva kI hI usa prakAra sukha Adi rUpa karake pariNati hotI hai| isI kAraNa sAtAvedanIya Adi karmoM ko jIva-vipAkI prakRti kahA gayA hai- 'advattari avasesA jIva-vivAI muNeyavvA' kyoMki jIva meM una sAtAvedanIya Adi karmoM kA vipAka ho rahA dekhA jAtA hai| donoM kAraNa Avazyaka- isa prakAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki nimitta ke abhAva meM akele upAdAna se kArya nahIM hotA aura na upAdAna ke binA nimitta kAraNa se hI kArya kA honA saMbhava hai| sabhI kAryoM meM yahI vyApaka niyama lAgU hotA hai| samyagdarzana ko prakaTa karane meM jIva ke bhAva kAraNabhUta banate haiN| pA~ca bhAvoM meM darzana mohanIya kA kSayopazama, kSaya aura upazama, ye tIna bhAva samyagdarzana kI

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 35 prakaTatA ke lie upAdAna rUpa se kAraNa banate haiN| kyoMki samyagdarzana ina tIna bhAva svarUpa hI hai| cAritra mohanIya (anantAnubaMdhI) Adi kA kSayopazama aura saMjJI paMcendriya Adi kA udaya, ye donoM bhAva samyagdarzana ke lie nimitta rUpa se kAraNa banate haiM kyoMki inakI vidyamAnatA meM hI samyagdarzana prakaTa hotA hai| isa prakAra upAdAna-nimitta kI samagratA hI samyagdarzana ko prakaTa karatI hai| mokSaprApti meM bhI upAdAna-nimitta sahAyaka banate haiN| jainadarzana upAdAna aura nimitta ke yoga se kArya kI niSpatti svIkAra karatA hai| yahA~ SaDa dravyoM meM evaM dravyAdicatuSka meM nimitta evaM upAdAna kI kAraNatA para vicAra kiyA jA rahA haiSaDdavyoM meM nimittopAdAnatA jaina darzana meM cha: dravya mAne gae haiM- 1. dharmAstikAya 2. adharmAstikAya 3. AkAzAstikAya 4. kAla 5. pudgalAstikAya 6. jiivaastikaay| ina chaha dravyoM meM sabhI dravya upAdAna aura nimitta rUpa meM kAraNa haiN| pratyeka dravya meM kArya kI apekSA vaha dravya kArya kA upAdAna kAraNa hotA hai tathA anya dravya nimitta kAraNa hote haiN| sAdhAraNatayA ina cha: dravyoM meM prathama cAra dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla dravya udAsIna nimitta ke antargata Ate haiM aura jIva va pudgala apekSA se nimitta kAraNa banate haiN| jIva kArya meM ajIva preraka nimitta aura ajIva kArya meM jIva preraka nimitta bana sakatA hai| ata: ye chaH hI udAsIna aura preraka rUpa se nimitta kAraNa banate haiN| davyAdicatuSka meM nimittopAdAnatA dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva meM se dravya kA trikAlI upAdAna meM aura bhAva kA kSaNika upAdAna meM samAveza kara sakate haiN| ata: dravya tathA bhAva ko upAdAna kAraNa kahA jA sakatA hai| kSetra (sthAna) aura kAla udAsIna nimitta hone se nimitta kAraNa mAne jA sakate haiN| SaDdavyoM kI kAraNatA SaDdravyAtmaka isa loka meM nirantara kAraNa kArya ghaTita hote rahate haiN| kAraNa kI dRSTi se SaDdravya para vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| SaDdravyoM ko kAraNa ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita karate hue dravya saMgraha kI TIkA meM kahA hai

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36 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa "pudgaladharmAdharmAkAzakAladravyANi vyavahAranayena jIvasya zarIravAGmanaH prANApAnAdigatisthityavagAhavartanAkAryANi kurvantIti kAraNAni bhvnti| jIvadravyaM punaryadyapi guruziSyAdirUpeNa parasparopagrahaM karoti tathApi pudgalAdipaMcadravyANAM kimapi na krotiitykaarnnm|'6 pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAlaye pA~coM dravya jIva kA upakAra karate haiM, isalie ve kAraNabhUta haiM, kintu jIva sattAsvarUpa hai, unakA kAraNa nahIM hai| uparyukta pA~coM dravyoM meM se vyavahAra naya kI apekSA jIva ke zarIra, mana, vacana, zvAsa, niHzvAsa Adi kArya to pudgala dravya karatA hai aura gati, sthiti, avagAhana aura vartanA rUpa kArya krama se dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla karate haiN| isalie pudgalAdi pA~ca dravya kAraNa haiN| pudgala Adi pA~coM dravyoM ke lie jIva kucha bhI nahIM karatA, isalie vaha akAraNa hai, kintu jIva dravya guru ziSya Adi rUpa se Apasa meM eka-dUsare kA upakAra karane se kAraNa hai| dharmAstikAya kI kAraNatA dharmAstikAya jIvoM aura ajIvoM kI gati meM sahakArI kAraNa banatA hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra meM kahA hai "dhamma'sthikAe NaM jIvANaM AgamaNa-gamaNa, bhAsummesa, maNajogavaijoga- kAyajoga, je yAvanne tahappagArA calAbhAvA sabve te dhammatthikAe pvttNti| gatilakkhaNe NaM dhmmtthikaae| dharmAstikAya jIvoM ke Agamana, gamana, bhASA aura unmeSa meM hI sahAyaka nahIM hotA, apitu manoyoga, vacanayoga aura kAyayoga kI pravRtti meM bhI jIva kA nimitta banatA hai| isa taraha ke jitane bhI cala bhAva hai, ve saba dharmAstikAya dvArA pravRtta hote haiN| bRhatdravyasaMgraha meM isa prakAra kahA gayA hai gaipariNayANa dhammo puggalajIvANa gmnnshyaarii| toyaM jaha macchANaM acchatANeva so nneii|| dharmAstikAya jIvoM ko gamana ke lie prerita nahIM karatA, kintu udAsIna rUpa se usake gamana kArya meM kAraNa banatA hai| jaise- machaliyoM ke gamana meM jala sahAyaka banatA hai kintu use tairane ke lie prerita nahIM krtaa|

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 37 adharmAstikAya kI kAraNatA jIva aura ajIva kI sthiratA meM adharma dravya hetu hotA hai| bhagavatI sUtra ke anusAra adharmAstikAya jIvoM ke sthirIkaraNa meM, niSIdana meM, tvagvarttana (karavaTa, leTanA yA sonA) meM sahAyaka hotA hai tathA mana kI ekAgratA Adi jitane bhI sthira bhAva haiM, ve saba adharmAstikAya se pravRtta hote haiN| __ "ahamma'sthikAe NaM jIvANaM ThANa-nisIyaNa, tuyaTTaNa-maNassaya egattI bhAvakaraNatA, je yAvanne tahappagArA thirA bhAvA savve te ahamma'sthikAye pvttNti|10 'yAvanne tahappagArA' ke antargata mauna bhAva kAyotsarga Adi kA bhI grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| bRhatdravyasaMgraha meM kahA hai ThANajudANa adhammo puggalajIvANa tthaannshyaarii| chAyA jaha paTiyANaM gacchaMtA Neva so dhrii|| jisa prakAra chAyA yAtriyoM ko Thaharane meM sahakArI hotI hai usI prakAra 'adharma' dravya jIvoM ke Thaharane meM udAsIna kAraNa banatA hai| gamana karate hue jIvoM ko aura pudgaloM ko adharma dravya balAt nahIM ThaharAtA, kintu vaha jaba sthira hotA hai to vaha usakI sthiratA meM sahAyatA karatA hai| AkAzAstikAya kI kAraNatA jIva aura pudgaloM ko avakAza dene kA kArya AkAza dravya karatA hai____ avagAsadANajoggaM jIvAdINaM viyANa aayaasN||22 jaise-dUdha se pUre bhare gilAsa meM zakkara DAlane para bhI dUdha bAhara nahIM giratA hai aura zakkara ko apane andara sthAna de detA hai, vaise hI AkAza dharma-adharma se ThasAThasa bharA hone para bhI isa loka meM jIva va pudgaloM ko sthAna dene meM sahAyaka hotA hai| yahI isakI anya dravyoM ke prati kAraNatA hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM AkAza ko jIvaajIva dravyoM kA bhAjana bhUta kahA hai "AgAsatthikAe NaM jIva dabANa ya ajIva davvANa ya bhaaynnbhuue| 13

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38 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa kAla kI kAraNatA pudgaloM ke sar3ana-galana aura vidhvaMsana meM aura jIvoM ke karmabaMdhana evaM mukti meM kAla sahakArI nimitta banatA hai| kAla ko do rUpoM meM bA~Takara usakI kAraNatA bRhad-dravyasaMgraha meM isa prakAra siddha kI gaI hai davva parivaTTarUvo jo so kAlo havei vvhaaro| pariNAmAdIlakkho vaTTaNalakkho ya prmttttho||4 arthAt jo dravyoM ke parivartana meM sahAyaka, pariNAmAdi lakSaNa vAlA hai, vaha vyavahArakAla hai, vartanA lakSaNa vAlA jo kAla hai, vaha nizcayakAla hai| pariNAmAdi se tAtparya kriyA, paratva, aparatva se hai aura vartana kA artha parivartana se hai| kAladravya anya dravyoM ke pariNamana meM to sahakArI banatA hI hai sAtha meM svayaM ke pariNamana meM bhI vaise hI sahakArI banatA hai| pudgala kI kAraNatA jIvoM ke sukha-duHkha, jIvana-maraNa, zarIra, mana, vacana aura ucchvAsaniHzvAsa meM pudgala dravya nimitta kAraNa banatA hai| ata: umAsvAti ne tattvArtha sUtra meM likhA hai zarIravAGmanaH prANApAnAH pudglaanaam| sukha-duHkha jIvita mrnnopgrhaashc||5 zarIra audArika pugaloM se nirmita hai| bhASA aura mana bhI pudgala haiM aura zvAsocchvAsa kriyA bhI vAyu ke pudgaloM se hotI hai| sAtAvedanIya aura asAtAvedanIya koM ke dvArA jIva sukha-duHkha bhogatA hai, ye karma paudgalika haiN| komala sparza, sugandhita dravya mana ko sukha dete haiM aura garmiyoM meM zItala vAyu Adi bhI sakhada pratIta hote haiN| jabaki durgandha, rukSa aura kaThora sparza vAle tIkhe kA~TeM Adi duHkha kI anubhUti karAte haiN| isa prakAra sabhI indriyoM ke viSaya bhI paugalika hone se indriyoM ke kArya pudgaloM para hI AdhArita haiN| spaSTa hotA hai ki pudgala dravya jIvoM ke kArya meM nimitta kAraNa banate haiN| bhagavatI sUtra meM pudgala ko kAraNa rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita karate hue kahA hai "poggala'sthikAe NaM jIvANaM orAliya-veubviya-AhAraga-teyAkammA-sotiMdiya-cakviMdiya-ghANiMdiya-jibbhiMdiya-phAkimmA-sotiMdiyacakkhiMdiya-ghANiMdiya-jibhiMdiya-phAci gahaNaM pvttti| '16

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 39 pudgalAstikAya se jIvoM ke audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, taijasa, kArmaNa, zrotrendriya, cakSundriya, ghrANendriya, jiGkendriya, saparzanendriya, manoyoga, vacanayoga, kAyayoga aura zvAsa-ucchvAsa kA grahaNa karane kI pravRtti hotI hai| isa prakAra pudgala kI kAraNatA vibhinna kAryoM se spaSTa hai| jIvAstikAya kI kAraNatA ___ bhagavatI sUtra meM jIva eka-dUsare ke kaise upakArI yA kAraNabhUta hote haiM, yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai "jIva'thikAe NaM jIve aNaMtANaM AbhiNinohiyanANapajjavANaM aNaMtANaM suynaann-pjjvaannN| uvayogalakkhANe NaM jiive|' arthAt jIvAstikAya ke dvArA jIva ananta Abhinibodhika jJAna kI paryAyoM ko, ananta zrutajJAna kI paryAyoM ko prApta karatA hai| jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga rUpa hai| guru ziSya ko pratibodha dekara aura ziSya guru kI AjJA kA pAlana kara, unake anuzAsana meM rahakara donoM eka-dUsare ke lakSya meM sahayogI banate haiN| jIva eka-dUsare ke sahayoga ke binA jIvanayApana karane meM asamartha haiM, isI bAta ko iMgita karate hue tattvArthasUtrakAra ne likhA hai "parasparopagraho jIvAnAm'8 ekendriya se lekara paMcendriya taka ke jIva paraspara upagraha karate haiN| unakA yaha upagraha sahakArI yA nimitta kAraNa ke rUpa meM svIkArya hai| umAsvAti (2-3 zatI) ne jahA~ jIvoM ko paraspara kAraNabhUta mAnA hai, vahA~ kundakundAcArya ne jIva aura pudgala meM bhI paraspara kAraNatA svIkAra kI hai| ve jIva aura pudgala meM nimitta-naimittika saMbaMdha batAte haiM jIvapariNAmaheduM kammattaM puggalA prinnNmti| puggalakammaNimittaM taheva jIvovi prinnmdd'||9 arthAt jIva ke (rAgAdi) pariNAma ke nimitta se pudgala karmarUpa se pariNamita hote haiN| isI prakAra jIva bhI (mohanIya Adi) pudgala karma nimitta se (rAgAdi bhAva rUpa se) pariNamana karatA hai|

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40 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa __ isa prakAra jIva aura pudgala eka-dUsare ke nimitta kAraNa hai| ata: jaba jIva meM kArya hotA hai to kadAcit pudgala nimitta kAraNa aura jIva svayaM naimittika banatA hai tathA pudgala meM kArya kI sthiti meM kadAcit jIva nimitta aura pudgala naimittika hotA hai| SaDdravyoM kI kArya kAraNatA siddha hone para bhI jaina darzana meM yaha bhI balapUrvaka pratipAdita hai ki saba dravya apane hI svarUpa meM pariNamana karate haiM, koI bhI dravya dUsarA dravya nahIM bana jAtA hai| dharmAstikAya Adi dravyoM meM pariNamana ke pazcAt bhI ye dravya apane svarUpa kA tyAga nahIM karate tathA dharmAstikAya Adi dravya rUpa hI rahate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM ise aisA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jIva dravya kabhI pudgala nahIM bana sakatA tathA pudgala dravya kabhI jIva nahIM bana sktaa| isI prakAra eka dravya dUsare dravya meM pariNamita nahIM hotA hai| SaDdavya meM ghaTita kArya kA svarUpa SaD dravyoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai- jIva aura ajiiv| jIvAstikAya jIva dravya hai tathA zeSa pA~ca dravya dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, kAla evaM pudgala ajIva dravya haiN| saMsAra ke samasta kArya jIva aura ajIva meM hI ghaTita hote haiN| jIva do prakAra ke haiM- zuddha aura azuddha athavA siddha aura sNsaarii| ATha koM se mukta jIva zuddha yA siddha kahalAte haiM tathA karmasahita jIva azuddha yA saMsArI kahe jAte haiN| siddha jIvoM meM jJAna, darzana Adi guNoM kI paryAya svata: parivartita hotI rahatI hai, ise AgamoM meM visrasA pariNamana kahA gayA hai| isa kArya meM kisI atirikta zakti yA UrjA kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| svAbhAvika rUpa se unake jJAna, darzana Adi guNoM kI paryAya badalatI rahatI hai| kintu azuddha yA saMsArI jIvoM ke kArya do prakAra ke hote haiM- 1. vinasA pariNata aura 2. prayoga prinnt| visrasA kA artha hotA hai-svAbhAvika yA svataH hone vaalaa| isameM atirikta zakti, UrjA yA prayatna kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| udAharaNa ke lie zarIra meM zvAsocchvAsa kI kriyA rUpa kArya kA honA, dhamaniyoM evaM kozikAoM meM rakta kA daur3anA, bhojana kA pacanA aadi| prayoga pariNata kArya ve haiM jinameM prayatna yA atirikta zakti kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| jaise-jIva kA atyadhika krodhita honA, kisI kA sahayoga karanA, preraNA karanA, snAna karanA aadi| jaina darzana meM sAMsArika jIvoM ko indriyoM ke AdhAra para pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai

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ekendriya pRthvIkAyika apakAyika tejaskAyika ndriya vAyukAyika jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 41 sAMsArika jIva ke bheda trIndriya caturindriya nArakI manuSya paMcendriya tiryaMca vanaspatikAyika ina jIvoM meM ghaTita hone vAle kArya ananta prakAra ke ho sakate hai, unameM se kucha kA digdarzana karAyA jA rahA hai devatA 1. pRthvIkAyika jIva meM kArya- miTTI kA patthara banAnA, pRthvI ke garbha meM hIrA / sonA Adi kA nirmita honA, pRthvIkAya ke jIva kA marakara anya yoni meM utpanna honaa| 2. apkAyika meM kArya- pAnI kA barpha bananA, pAnI kA bhApa bananA, apkAya ke jIva kA marakara anya yoni meM jaanaa| 3. tejaskAyika meM kArya- agni ke jIva kA marakara anya yoni meM jAnA / 4. vAyukAyika meM kArya- tUphAna AnA, A~dhI AnA, vAyukAya ke jIva kA marakara anya yoni meM jAnA / 5. vanaspati meM kArya - bIja kA paudhA yA per3a bananA, pattoM kI khAda bananA, phUla 'ke phala bananA, lakar3I se pharnIcara bananA / 6. dvIndriya- dvIndriya prANiyoM kA eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para jAnA, bhojana krnaa| 7. trIndriya- cIMTI-makor3e Adi ke dvArA bila banAnA, bhojana ko ekatrita karanA, marakara anya yoni meM jAnA / 8. caturindriya- zvAsa lenA, makkhI-macchara kA kATanA, ur3anA, marakara anya yoni meM jAnA /

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42 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 9. paMcendriya- (1) nArakI- duHkha bhoganA (2) tiryaca- machalI Adi kA tairanA, pakSiyoM kA ur3anA, pazuoM kA calanA, sarpAdi kA raiganA aadi| (3) manuSya- mukti hetu prayatna karanA, duHkha denA, sevA kArya karanA, kaSAyoM ko manda karanA aadi| (4) devatA- sukha bhognaa| ajIva meM kArya- ajIva meM bhI vinasA pariNata evaM prayoga pariNata donoM prakAra ke kArya upalabdha hote haiN| jaina darzana meM pA~ca prakAra ke ajIva dravya haiM - dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla aura pudgl| dharma, adharma, AkAza evaM kAla meM svAbhAvika arthAt visrasA pariNamana pAyA jAtA hai, jabaki pudgala meM donoM prakAra ke pariNamana ho sakate haiN| dharma, adharma, AkAza evaM kAla amUrta haiM, unameM jo bhI pariNamana hotA hai, vaha svataH hotA rahatA hai| unakI paryAya svata: badalatI rahatI hai| mUrta dravya pudgala kI paryAya svataH bhI parivartita hotI hai tathA prayoga pariNata kArya bhI usameM dekhA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM pratikSaNa pratyeka dravya kA paryAya-pariNamana svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jo vinasA-pariNamana rUpa hI hotA hai| jIva ke dvArA prayatnapUrvaka tantuoM se vastra, miTTI se ghaTa Adi banAe jAte haiM, ve pudgaloM meM hone vAle prayoga pariNata kArya haiN| jIva evaM pudgala ke saMyoga se kArya- saMsArI jIva karmarUpI pudgala se saMyukta haiM, ata: unakA pariNamana vaibhAvika pariNamana kahalAtA hai| isa dRSTi se jIva kI paryAya do prakAra kI ho sakatI hai- 1. svabhAva paryAya 2. vibhAva pryaay| jIva ke jJAna, darzana Adi guNoM kA pariNamana svabhAva paryAya hai tathA krodha, mAna, mAyA evaM lobha kaSAyoM kA pariNamana vibhAva paryAya hai| kyoMki krodhAdi jIva ke svarUpa nahIM hai| anAdinidhana jIva meM svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA kI nimna gAthA kAryakAraNabhAva ko prakaTa karatI hai jIvo ANAI-NihaNo pariNamamANo hu Nava-NavaM bhaavN| sAmaggIsu pavadi kajjANi samAsade pcchaa||100 anAdi-ananta jIva dravya meM prati samaya naI-naI paryAya utpanna hotI rahatI haiN| ina paryAyoM ko utpanna karane ke lie vaha jIva, dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhava aura bhAva Adi kAraNa sAmagrI se yukta hone ke pazcAt naI-naI paryAyeM rUpI kArya ko utpanna karatA hai| jaise-koI jIva deva paryAya ko dhAraNa karane ke pUrva samIcIna vratoM kA pAlana, sAmAyika, dharmadhyAna Adi kAraNa sAmagrI ko apanAtA hai| koI jIva nArakI

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 43 athavA tiryaMca paryAya kI prApti ke pahale sAta vyasana, bahuta Arambha, bahuta parigraha, mAyAcAra, kapaTa, chala-chadma vagairaha sAmagrI ko apanAtA hai| isa taraha jIva meM vizeSa kAraNoM se kArya vizeSa saMbhava ho pAtA hai| paMca samavAya aura usakI kAraNatA paMca samavAya se Azaya jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda ke saMdarbha meM paMca samavAya kA siddhAnta Adhunika yuga meM suprasiddha hai tathA jaina dharma kI sampradAyoM ko mAnya hai| paMca samavAya se tAtparya hai pA~ca kA samavAya- 'paMcAnAM (kAraNAnAM ) samavAyaH paMcasamavAyaH' arthAt pA~ca kAraNoM kA samavAya yA samudAya hI paMca samavAya kahalAtA hai| ve pA~ca kAraNa haiM - 1. kAla 2. svabhAva 3. niyati 4. pUrvakRta karma aura 5. puruSa / puruSArtha / jainadarzana meM ina pA~ca kAraNoM ke samudAya ko kArya kI utpatti meM kAraNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| bhAratIya vAGmaya meM svabhAvAdi kAraNoM kI carcA prAcIna kAla meM kAraNa-kAryavAda ke saMdarbha meM vibhinna prakAra kI vicAradhArAe~ pracalita rahI haiN| zvetAzvataropaniSad meM kahA gayA hai kAlaH svabhAvo niyatiryadRcchA bhUtAni yoniH puruSa iti cintyA / saMyoga eSAM na tvAtmabhAvAdAtmApyanIzaH sukhaduHkhahetoH / / 101 arthAt kAla, svabhAva, niyati, yadRcchA, bhUta evaM puruSa - ye kAraNa mAne jAte hai| kintu ye kAlAdi pRthak aura samudAya donoM rUpa se kAraNa nahIM ho sakate kyoMki ye AtmA ke adhIna haiN| AtmA sukha - duHkhoM ke hetubhUta prArabdha ke adhIna hone se kAraNa nahIM ho sktii| vAstava meM zvetAzvataropaniSad ke anusAra sarvazaktimAn paramadeva kI mahimA ko samasta kAraNoM kA adhipati svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ para yaha suspaSTa hai ki zvetAzvataropaniSad ke samaya kAla, svabhAva, niyati, yadRcchA, paMca mahAbhUta, puruSa, AtmA Adi ko kAraNa mAnane ke siddhAnta pracalita the| - mahAbhArata meM bhI vibhinna kAraNoM kI carcA prApta hotI hai kAraNaM puruSo hyeSAM pradhAnaM cApi kAraNam / 102 svabhAvazcaiva karmANi daivaM yeSAM ca kaarnnm||

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44 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa arthAt puruSa pradhAna svabhAva, karma tathA daiva ye jina kAryoM ke kAraNa haiM ve bhI nArAyaNa rUpa hI haiN| pauruSaM kAraNaM kecidAhuH karmasu maanvaaH| daivameke prazaMsanti svabhAvamapare jnaaH|| pauruSaM karma daivaM ca kaalvRttisvbhaavtH| trayametat pRthagbhUtamavivekaM tu kecn||103 arthAt kucha manuSya pauruSa (puruSArtha) ko kAraNa kahate haiM, koI daiva(bhAgya) kI prazaMsA karate haiM aura koI svabhAva ko svIkAra karate haiN| kucha manuSya pauruSa kriyA, daiva aura kAlagata svabhAva ina tInoM ko kAraNa mAnate haiN| kucha inako pRthak-pRthak kAraNa mAnate haiM to kucha sammilita rUpa se| adhiSThAnaM tathA kartA karaNaM ca pRthgvidhm| vividhA ca tathA ceSTA daivaM caivAtra pNcmm|| paMcakAraNasaMkhyAto niSThA sarvatra vai hriH||04 adhiSThAna, kartA, karaNa, nAnA ceSTAe~ tathA daiva ina pA~ca kAraNoM ke rUpa meM sarvatra zrI hari hI virAjamAna haiN| mahAbhArata ke uddharaNa vibhinna kAraNavAdoM kA ullekha karate hue unameM samanvaya kI sthApanA karate haiN| mahAbhArata ke uddharaNoM se jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya (547 I0 pUrva) kAraNa-kArya ko lekara vibhinna mAnyatAe~ pracalita thiiN| yathA- puruSavAda, svabhAvavAda, daivavAda, prakRtivAda (pradhAnavAda), puruSArthavAda, kAlavAda aadi| jainAgamoM aura bauddhatripiTakoM meM ve kAla, svabhAva, niyati, yadRcchA Adi vibhinna kAraNavAdoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, niyativAda, yadRcchAvAda, karmavAda, puruSavAda, IzvaravAda Adi kI carcA jaina bauddha aura vaidika granthoM meM prAsaMgika rUpa se huI hai| bauddha tripiTakoM meM niyativAda kI carcA vistAra se prApta hai| dIghanikAya Adi grantha isake nidarzana haiN| jainAgamoM meM bhI niyativAda kI carcA adhika huI hai| sUtrakRtAMga evaM upAsakadazAMga meM kramazaH dvitIya zrutaskandha ke prathama adhyayana va dvAdaza adhyayana aura sAtaveM adhyAya ke zakaDAla kumbhakAra ke prakaraNa meM prApta hotI hai|

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 45 paMca samavAya ke vikAsa meM siddhasena sUri evaM uttaravartI AcAryoM kA yogadAna pA~cavIM zatI IsvI meM prasiddha jaina dArzanika siddhasena divAkara ne anekAntavAda, syAdvAda aura nayavAda kI sthApanA karate hue usa samaya pracalita kAraNavAdoM meM se pA~ca kA samanvaya jaina darzana meM svIkAra karate hue sanmati tarka grantha meM likhA hai kAlo sahAva niyaI pubakayaM purise kaarnnegNtaa| micchattaM te ceva, samAsao hoti smmtt||06 arthAt kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSa kI ekAnta kAraNatA mithyAtva hai aura inakI sAmUhika kAraNatA samyaktva hai| jaina darzana ke paMca samavAya siddhAnta kI mUla siddhasena sUri kI yaha gAthA hI rahI hai| kyoMki isake pUrva pA~coM kAraNoM ke samudAya kA eka sAtha ullekha kisI bhI jainAgama evaM jaina dArzanika-kRti meM prApta nahIM hotaa| siddhasena sUri kI yaha gAthA hI Age calakara 'paMca samavAya' siddhAnta ke rUpa meM pariNata huI pratIta hotI hai| Agama se bhI isa gAthA kA virodha nahIM hai isalie uttaravartI jainAcAryoM ne bhI isa siddhAnta kA samarthana kiyA hai| siddhasena sUri ne kAla Adi pA~ca kAraNoM ke ekAnta ko mithyA evaM samAsa (samanvita rUpa) ko samyaktva avazya kahA, kintu unhoMne paMca samavAya zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai| paMca samavAya zabda kA prathama prayoga 19vIM zatI meM racita sAhitya meM spaSTataH dRSTigocara hotA hai| usake pUrva samavAya ke lie samudAya, samudita, kalApa Adi zabdoM kA prayoga prApta hotA hai| paMca kAraNoM ko sammilita rUpa se svIkAra karane kI paramparA ko pramukha zvetAmbara jaina dArzanika haribhadra sUri (AThavIM zatI) ne ise Age bar3hAyA hai| unhoMne zAstravArtA samuccaya meM kAla Adi ke samudAya ko kAraNa mAnane ke mata kA samarthana karate hue kahA hai ata: kAlAdayaH sarve, samudAyena kaarnnm| garbhAdeH kAryajAtasya, vijJeyA nyaayvaadibhiH||07 haribhadrasUri ne dharmabindu meM varabodhi lAbha ke nirUpaNa ke samaya bhavyatva ke sAtha kAla, niyati, karma evaM puruSArtha ko bhI sthAna diyA hai|108

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46 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa bIjaviMzikA meM haribhadrasUri ne pA~coM kAraNoM kA samanvaya karate hue kahA hai tahabhabvattaM jaM kaalniyipuvkypuriskiriyaao| akkhiAbar3a tahasahAvaM tA tadadhINaM tayaMpi bhve||109 jisa prakAra kAla, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSArtha kA honA Avazyaka hai usI prakAra svabhAva kA honA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki ve bhI usake adhIna hai| upadeza pada meM haribhadra (700-770 I. zatI) ne samavAya ke artha meM kalApa zabda kA prayoga karate hue kahA hai sabammi ceva kajje esa kalAvo buhahiM nihittttho| jaNagatteNa tao khalu paribhAveyabbao smm||10 jJAniyoM ke dvArA sabhI kAryoM meM kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSa kA kalApa (samavAya) nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai| isalie ise kAraNa rUpa meM samyaktayA jAna lenA caahie| haribhadrasUri ke anantara zIlAMkAcArya (9-10vIM zatI) ne sUtrakRtAMga kI TIkA meM kAla Adi paMca kAraNoM kI carcA karate hue unakI ekAMta kAraNatA kA nirasana kiyA hai tathA unake samudita svarUpa ko svIkAra kiyA hai kAlAdInAmapi samuditAnAM prsprsvypekssaannaaN| kaarnntvenehaashrynnaatsmyktvmiti||11 zIlAMkAcArya ne sUtrakRtAMga ke bArahaveM adhyayana kI TIkA meM kAlAdi kI kAraNatA ke saMbaMdha meM ATha gAthAe~ uddhRta kI haiN| jinameM se prathama gAthA to siddhasena sUri ke sanmati tarka prakaraNa kI hai kintu anya gAthAoM ke sthala DhUMDhane para bhI nahIM mila sake haiN| ve gAthAe~ isa prakAra haiM kAlo sahAva NiyaI puvakayaM purisa kaarnnegNtaa| micchattaM te ceva u samAsao hoMti smt||1|| sabvevi ya kAlAI iha samudAyeNa sAhagA bhnniyaa| jujjati ya emeva ya samma savvassa kjjss||2|| na hi kAlAdihito kevalaehiM tu jAyae kiNci|

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 47 iha muggaraMdhaNAdivi tA sabbe samuditA heuu||3|| jaha NegalakkhANaguNA veruliyAdI maNI visNjuttaa| rayaNAvalivavaesaM Na lahaMti mhgdhmullaavi||4|| tahaNiyayavAda suviNicchiyAvi annnno'nnnnpkkhnirvekkhaa| sammaiMsaNasahaM sabve'vi NayA Na paaviti|||5|| jaha puNa te ceva maNI jahA gunnvisesbhaagpddinddhaa| rayaNAvalitti bhaNNai cayaMti paaddikksnnnnaao||6|| taha savve NayavAyA jhaannuruuvvinniuttvttvvaa| sammaiMsaNasadaM labhaMti Na visessnnnnaao||7|| tamhA micchaTTiI sabvevi NayA spkkhaapddibddhaa| aNNANNanissiyA puNa havaMti sammatta smbhaavaa||8||12 uparyukta gAthAoM kA tAtparya hai ki kAla, svabhAva, niyati aura puruSa ye eka sAtha milakara hI saba kAryoM ke sAdhaka hote haiN| akele kAla Adi se koI kArya sampanna nahIM hotA hai| jisa prakAra muMga ubAlane meM Aga, pAnI, lakar3I, bartana Adi sammilita rUpa se kAraNa hote haiM tathA jisa prakAra uttama lakSaNoM se yukta vaidurya maNi Adi paraspara milakara hI ratnAvalI kahe jAte haiM isI prakAra kAlavAda niyativAda Adi vibhinna mata paraspara milakara hI kArya kI utpatti meM sahAyaka hote haiN| jo apane pakSa meM kadAgraha rakhate haiM ve sabhI nayavAda mithyAdRSTi haiM parantu ve hI paraspara milakara samyak ho jAte haiN| zIlAMkAcArya dvArA uddhRta gAthAe~ prAcIna pratIta hotI haiM jinameM jaina darzana ke anekAntavAda aura nayavAda bhI pratibimbita hai| usI kA phala kAraNavAda ke saMdarbha meM kAlAdi kAraNavAdoM kA samanvaya hai| dasavIM zatI meM rAjagacchIya tarka paMcAnana abhayadeva sUri ne siddhasena divAkara viracita sanmati tarka prakaraNa para vizAla TIkA kA nirmANa kiyA hai, jo tattvabodhavidhAyinI ke nAma se prasiddha hai| yaha TIkA atyanta prauDha evaM kliSTa hai| prabhAcandra ke prameyakamalamArtaNDa para bhI isa TIkA kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| DaoN. dharmacanda jaina ne abhayadeva sUri ko prabhAcandra kA pUrvavartI siddha kiyA hai|12 abhayadeva sUri viracita yaha TIkA bhAratIya nyAya granthoM kI kliSTa TIkAoM ke tulya hai|

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48 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa siddhasena sUri viracita 'kAlo NiyaI.......' gAthA para vistAra se TIkA karate hue abhayadeva sUri ne kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, niyativAda, pUrvakRta karmavAda aura puruSavAda ke pUrva pakSa ko upasthApita kiyA hai tathA unakI ekAntakAraNatA kA khaNDana karate hue pA~coM ke samudita rUpa ko samIcIna ThaharAyA hai| pA~coM vAdoM kA nirasana karate hue ve upasaMhAra vAkya meM kahate haiM kAla-svabhAva-niyati pUrvakRtapuruSakAraNarUpA ekAntAH sarve'pi ekakA mithyaatvN| ta eva samuditAH parasparA'jahavRttayaH samyaktvarUpatAM pratipadyante iti taatpryaayaarthH||14 arthAt kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSa ye saba ekAntavAda mithyA haiM tathA ye saba samudita rUpa se paraspara ajahad vRtti se samyaktva rUpatA ko prApta karate haiN| . kundakundAcArya ke TIkAkAra amRtacandrAcArya (10vIM zatI) ne pravacanasAra kI tattva pradIpikA kI TIkA ke anta meM dravya naya, paryAya naya, astitva naya, nAstitva naya Adi 47 nayoM ke antarga kAla naya, svabhAva naya, niyati naya, daiva naya aura puruSakAra naya kI bhI carcA kI hai| 15 isase paMca kAraNa samudAya kI athavA paMca samavAya kI to siddhi nahIM hotI, kintu jaina darzana meM ina nayoM ke samanvaya kI dRSTi avazya puSTa hotI hai| bArahavIM-terahavIM zatI meM malladhArI rAjazekhara sUri ne bhI paMca kAraNa samudAya kI puSTi kI hai kAlasvabhAvaniyati - cetnetrkrmnnaam| bhavitavyatA pAke, muktirbhavati naanythaa||116 kAla, svabhAva, niyati, puruSakAra-udyama aura pUrvakRta zubhAzubha karma- ina pA~ca kAraNoM kA yoga milane para hI jIva kI mukti hotI hai, ina pA~ca kAraNoM ke binA mukti nahIM miltii| usake pazcAt satrahavIM zatI meM upAdhyAya yazovijaya aura upAdhyAya vinayavijaya kI kRtiyoM meM kAla Adi pA~ca kAraNoM ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| upAdhyAya yazovijaya ne haribhadra sUri ke zAstravArtA samuccaya para TIkA karate samaya kAla Adi pA~ca kAraNoM kA

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 49 samanvaya sthApita kiyA hai| unake samakAlIna upAdhyAya vinayavijaya ne pA~ca kAraNoM para stavana kI racanA kI hai| stavana kI katipaya paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM o pA~ce samudAya milyA niNa, koI kAja na siijhe| aMgulIyoge karataNI pare, je bujhe to rIjhe re||117 arthAt kAlAdi pA~ca kAraNoM ke samudAya ke mile binA koI bhI kArya siddha nahIM hotA hai| jisa prakAra aMguliyoM kA yoga hone para hI hAtha se kArya hotA hai usI prakAra pA~coM ke samudAya kI apekSA hai| jo isa tathya ko jAna lete haiM ve prasanna hote haiN| Adhunika kAla meM paMca samavAya kI saMsthiti . 19vIM zatI meM sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke saMta zrI tilokaRSi ne savaiyA chanda meM paMcavAdI viSayaka svarUpa kAvya ke antargata kAla Adi pA~ca vAdiyoM kA vistAra se nirUpaNa karate hue anta meM paMca samavAya siddhAnta kI prarUpaNA kI hai| inakI kRti meM paMca samavAya zabda kA prayoga aneka bAra huA hai| mujhe adhIta granthoM meM paMca samavAya zabda kA spaSTataH prathama prayoga inakI racanA meM prApta huA hai| saMbhava hai unake samaya yaha zabda prasiddha ho cukA thaa| paMca samavAyaM siddhAnta kI siddhi meM ve likhate haiM paMca samavAya milyA hota hai kAraja sn| eka samavAya milyA kAraja na hoie| paMca samavAya mAne so hI samadRSTi jiiv| anubho lagAya dUra dRSTi kara joie||18 bIsavIM zatI meM zatAvadhAnI ratnacandra jI mahArAja bhI sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke prabhAvazAlI evaM vidvAna saMta hue haiN| kAraNa saMvAda nAmaka apanI kRti meM unhoMne rAjA, maMtrI, paMDita, kAlavAdI, svabhAvavAdI, niyativAdI, pUrvakRtakarmavAdI aura puruSArthavAdI ko pAtra banAkara rocaka saMvAda prastuta kiyA hai| jisameM unhoMne pA~ca vAdiyoM ke pakSa ko bodhagamya banAkara prastuta kiyA hai tathA anta meM pA~coM kA samanvaya sthApita kiyA hai| bIsavIM zatI meM kAnajI svAmI ne kAlanaya, svabhAvanaya, niyatinaya, pUrvakRtakarmanaya aura puruSArthanaya ke AdhAra para paMca samavAya siddhAnta kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai|

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50 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa vartamAna meM lagabhaga sabhI jaina sampradAyoM ke AcArya, saMta aura vidvAn jainadarzana ke paMca samavAya siddhAnta ko aMgIkAra kara samaya-samaya para usakI apane pravacanoM evaM lekhoM ke mAdhyama se puSTi karate haiN| Adhunika cintakoM meM AcArya mahAprajJa ne paMca samavAya ko dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva nAmaka cAra dRSTiyoM kA vikAsa svIkAra kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM- "dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ye cAra dRSTiyA~ jaina darzana meM upalabdha haiM, anyatra kahIM prApta nahIM hai| uttarakAla meM jainAcAryoM ne inakA vikAsa kiyaa| cAra AdezoM ke sthAna para pA~ca samavAyoM kA vikAsa huA haisvabhAva, kAla, niyati, puruSArtha, bhAgya yA krm| ye pA~ca samavAya cAra dRSTiyoM kA vikAsa hai|119 isa siddhAnta kA pratipAdana karane vAle anya AcArya, saMta evaM vidvAn isa prakAra haiM- AcArya zrI javAharalAla jI mahArAja, AcArya zrI hastImala jI mahArAja, AcArya zrI AtmArAma jI mahArAja, paM. zrI samarthamala jI mahArAja, divAkara zrI cauthamala jI mahArAja, AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja, AcArya zrI vidyAnanda jI mahArAja, AcArya zrI nAnAlAla jI mahArAja, AcArya zrI bhuvana bhAn sUrIzvara jI mahArAja, AcArya zrI vijayaratnasundarazrIjI mahArAja, AcArya zrI vijayamuni jI ma.sA., paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, paM. becaradAsa dozI, paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, zrutadhara zrI prakAzamuni jI ma.sA., mahopAdhyAya zrI mAnavijaya jI mahArAja, zrI haribhadrasUrIzvarajI mahArAja, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla aadi| yahA~ samasta AcAryoM, munivayoM evaM vidvatjanoM ke nAmoM kI gaNanA saMbhava nahIM, sthUla rUpa se hI yahA~ kucha nAma ginAe gae haiN| yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina kAraNavAda ke saMdarbha meM paMca samavAya kA koI bhI jainAcArya yA jaina vidvAn virodha nahIM karate haiN| samarthana meM sabakA sAhitya prApta nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki sAhitya kA lekhana kucha hI AcAryoM, saMtoM evaM vidvAnoM dvArA kiyA jAtA hai, sabake dvArA nhiiN| tathApi apane pravacanoM evaM praznottaroM ke mAdhyama se saba paMca samavAya kA samarthana karate hue hI dRSTigocara hote haiM, virodha karate hue nhiiN| isalie yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki Adhunika yuga meM paMca samavAya kA siddhAnta supratiSThita evaM sarva jaina sampradAyoM dvArA mAnya siddhAnta hai| paMca samavAya siddhAnta sabhI sampradAyoM ko mAnya evaM prasiddha hone para bhI paMca samavAya zabda kA prayoga adhika prAcIna nahIM hai| jaise ki pUrva meM carcA kI gaI hai ki 19vIM zatI ke tilokaRSi jI mahArAja ke padyoM meM paMca samavAya zabda kA prayoga bhUriza: huA aura usa samaya yaha zabda prasiddha ho cukA thaa| kintu yaha jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai ki unake pUrva isa zabda kA prayoga kisake dvArA kiyA gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to paMca

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51 1121 1122 jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya samavAya zabda ne apane vikAsa meM eka lambI yAtrA taya kI hai| siddhasena sUri ne kAlo sahAva NiyaI.... gAthA meM pA~ca kAraNoM ko ginAkara 'samAsao' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai|12deg jisakA artha hai samanvita yA samasta rUpa se| haribhadra sUri ne 'samAsao' ke sthAna para 'kalApa'' va 'samudAya'" zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| abhayadeva sUri ne evaM zIlAMkAcArya ne 'samudita '123. zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| zIlAMkAcArya ke dvArA uddhRta gAthA meM samudAyeNa zabda spaSTataH prayukta hai / 124 yaha samudAya zabda hI Age calakara samavAya zabda ke rUpa meM pariNata ho gyaa| paMcasamavAya eka samastapada hai, jisakA vigraha hogApaMcAnAM kAraNAnAM samavAyaH / yaha madhyama padalopI samAsa hai, jisameM kAraNa zabda kA lopa hokara paMca samavAya zabda niSpanna ho gyaa| samavAya zabda kA prayoga jaina vAGmaya meM prAcIna hai| samavAyAMga sUtra isakA apratima udAharaNa hai| jisameM vibhinna samavAyoM (samUhoM) meM pratipAdya viSaya kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ samavAya zabda samUha ke artha meM prayukta hai| vaizeSika darzana meM samavAya ko eka padArtha ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai jo guNa-guNI, kriyAkriyAvAna, avayava-avayavI Adi meM saMbaMdha sthApita karatA hai tathA vaha nitya evaM eka hai / vaisA samavAya yahA~ abhISTa nahIM hai| yahA~ to samudAya yA samUha kA bodhaka samavAya zabda hI abhipreta hai| dvAdazAranayacakra ke TIkAkAra siMhasUri ne bhI isa zabda kA isI artha meM prayoga kiyA hai- 'kaarykaarnnaadhaaraadheysmvaayaat| 125 paMca samavAya ke antargata samAviSTa kAla, svabhAva, niyati, karma evaM puruSa / puruSArtha meM jaba eka-eka ko hI mAnA jAtA hai to inheM kramazaH kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, niyativAda, karmavAda ora puruSavAda / puruSArthavAda kahA jAtA hai| ina vibhinna vAdoM kA saMkSipta paricaya yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai, vistAra se vivecana sambaddha adhyAyoM meM kiyA gayA hai| kAlavAda atharvaveda kAla se kAlavAda kA prArambha mAnA jAtA hai| usase pUrva bhI kAla ko kAraNa mAnA gayA, kintu ekAnta rUpa se nhiiN| sabhI kAryoM meM mAtra kAla ko hI kAraNa mAnane se ye kAlavAdI khlaae| atharvaveda meM kAla kA mahattva sthApita karane vAlA kAlasUkta hai jo isa bAta kI puSTi karatA hai - kAlo bhUmimasRjata, kAle tapati sUryaH / kAle ha vizvA bhUtAni, kAle cakSurvipazyati / / 126

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52 jainadarzana meM kAraNa- kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa arthAt kAla se hI pRthvI kI utpatti huI hai, kAla ke kAraNa hI sUrya tapatA hai, samasta bhUtoM kA AdhAra kAla hI hai| kAla ke kAraNa hI A~kheM dekhatI haiN| mahAbhArata meM to pratyeka upalabdhi kA AdhAra kAla ko batalAkara usakA mahattva supratiSThita hai / vahA~ samasta jIva sRSTi ke sukha-duHkha, jIvana-maraNa ina sabakA AdhAra bhI kAla ko hI mAnA gayA hai| karma se, ciMtA se yA prayoga karane se koI bhI vastu prApta nahIM hotI kintu kAla se hI samasta vastue~ prApta hotI haiN| saba kAryoM ke prati kAla hI kAraNa hai| 127 ataH kAlavAdI ke anusAra kAla ke bala se hI saba kArya siddha hote haiN| vastuta: isa adbhuta kAla kI maryAdA anullaMghanIya hai| grISmakAla meM hI sUrya tapatA hai, zItakAla meM hI ThaMDa par3atI hai, cAturmAsa meM hI varSA hone para dhAnya pakatA hai / vasaMta Rtu meM hI vRkSa nava-pallava yukta hokara phalate-phUlate haiM, prAtaH kAla hI kamala vikasita hotA hai aura sAyaMkAla hI saMkucita hotA hai / yauvana kAla meM hI manuSya ke mU~cha AtI hai aura yuvatI hI garbha dhAraNa karatI hai| pratyeka vastu ko utpanna karane vAlA, sthira karane vAlA, saMhAra karane vAlA, saMyoga meM viyoga aura viyoga meM saMyoga karane vAlA bhI kAla hI hai| paramANu ko dvayaNuka rUpa banAne vAlA tathA dvyaNuka se paramANu ko bhinna karane vAlA bhI kAla hai| kyoMki paramANu tathA dvayaNukAdi anantAnaMta skandha sthiti ke AdhIna rahate haiM aura sthiti kAla hI hai| karmodaya karane vAlA tathA niyata samaya taka karma kA phala dekara usase mukta karane vAlA bhI kAla hI hai| kiM bahunA manuSya ko saMsAra se mokSa meM bhejane vAlA bhI kAla hI hai / bhavasthiti pake binA mokSa bhI prApta nahIM ho sakatA / ataH jar3a cetana saba vastuoM para kAla kA hI sAmrAjya calatA hai| svabhAvavAda svabhAvavAdiyoM kA mata hai ki isa jagat kI vicitratA meM svabhAva ke atirikta koI anya hetu nahIM hai| svabhAvataH hI vastu kI utpatti evaM nAza hotA hai| padArthoM meM bhinnatA yA samAnatA kA kAraNa bhI svabhAva hai, yathA- agni kI uSNatA aura jala kI zItalatA svabhAvagata hI hai| jisa padArtha meM jaisA svabhAva hai vaha usI keM anusAra svarUpa grahaNa karatA hai| Ama kI guThalI se Ama aura bera kI guThalI se bera hI utpanna hogA, kyoMki unakA svabhAva aisA hI hai| vaidika kAla se hI svabhAvavAda pallavita huA hai, isakA pramANa zvetAzvetaropaniSad ke prathama adhyAya meM prApta hotA hai| 128

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 53 azvaghoSa kRta buddhacarita meM bhI svabhAvavAda ke mata ko puSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki kA~ToM kA nukIlApana, mRga aura pakSiyoM ke vividha varNa, haMsa kA zveta varNa, kaue kA kAlApana, totoM kA harA varNa yaha saba svabhAva se hI hai|129 mahAbhArata meM bhI svabhAvavAda kI carcA prApta hotI hai| sabhI kucha svabhAva se nirdhArita hai| vyakti apane prayatna yA puruSArtha se usameM koI parivartana nahIM kara sktaa| sabhI taraha ke bhAva aura abhAva svabhAva se pravartita evaM nivartita hote haiN| puruSa ke prayatna se kucha bhI nahIM hotaa|130 vasaMta Rtu meM vRkSoM kA phUlane-phalane kA svabhAva hai to phalate-phUlate haiN| machaliyoM kA pAnI meM tairane kA, pakSiyoM kA AkAza meM ur3ane kA, sarpo kA chAtI ke bala reMgane kA, pazuoM kA cAra pairoM se calane kA, manuSyoM kA do pairoM se calane kA, manuSya ke bAlakoM kA sAla yA do sAla meM bolane-calane kA, pakSiyoM kA aMDe se janma hone kA, baMdaroM kA kUdane kA, anna meM bhUkha miTAne aura zarIra ke poSaNa kA, pAnI meM tRSNA dUra karane kA, bar3a ke vRkSa meM choTe phala dene kA aura tuMbI kI latA meM bar3e phala dene kA, kera ke vRkSa meM patra na hone kA, nIma meM kar3avApana hone kA aura Ikha meM mIThApana hone kA, jahara meM prANa harane kA, madirA meM behoza karane kA, mIDhaNa (eka prakAra kA phala vizeSa) meM ulaTI karAne kA, saMTha meM vAyu harane kA svabhAva hai| ina svabhAvoM se hI ve kArya ho sakate haiN| svabhAva ke viruddha kisI se kucha nahIM bntaa| kucha bAtoM meM deza svabhAva kArya karatA hai, jaise- aphrIkA ke habziyoM kI camar3I zyAma varNa kI aura yUropa ke nivAsiyoM kI camar3I gaura varNa kI hotI hai| yaha deza aura jAti kA svabhAva hai| dravya kA saMyoga aura vibhAga honA svabhAva hai aura usI kAraNa AtmA kA saMsAra aura mokSa bhI svabhAvataH hI hotA hai| jaise azuddha sone kA zuddhIkaraNa do prakAra se hotA hai- kriyA aura akriyA se| isa prakAra svabhAvavAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| niyativAda bauddha dharma ke pallavanakAla meM niyativAdI bhI apane mata kA pracAra kara rahe the| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kAla meM bhI gozAlaka Adi niyativAdI vidyamAna the| nizcita samaya para kArya kA honA niyati hai arthAt jisa vastu ko jisa samaya, jisa kAraNa se tathA jisa pariNAma meM utpanna honA hotA hai, vaha vastu usI samaya, usI kAraNa se tathA usI pariNAma meM niyata rUpa se utpanna hotI hai| jagat ke sabhI ghaTanA krama niyata hai isalie unakA kAraNa niyati ko mAnanA caahie| ata: kahA gayA hai

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54 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa udayati yadi bhAnuH pazcimAyAM dishaayaaN| pracalati yadi meruH zItatAM yAti bhniH|| vikasati yadi padAM parvatAgre shilaayaaN| tadapi na calatIyaM bhAvinI kmrekhaa|| arthAt sUrya pUrva meM udaya hotA hai, parantu vaha bhI yadi kabhI pazcima meM udaya hone lage, aTala mAnA jAne vAlA sumerU parvata bhI kabhI calAyamAna ho jAe, agni uSNatA chor3akara zItala ho jAe, parvata kI zilA para kamala utpanna ho jAe- ye saba anahonI bhI kadAcit devayoga se ho jAe, parantu bhavitavyatA svarUpa jo kamarekhA bana cukI, vaha to acala, aTala hI rahatI hai| vaha kisI bhI zakti se anyathA nahIM ho sktii| kabhI-kabhI binA prayatna ke bhI kArya meM saphalatA dekhI jAtI hai to kabhI adhika prayatna karane para bhI asaphalatA prApta hotI hai| sabhI kAraNoM ke vidyamAna hone para bhI kabhI-kabhI kAryotpatti saMbhava nahIM ho pAtI hai| isa prakAra kAraNa sAdRzya rahate hue bhI usake phala meM vaisAdRzya dekhA jAtA hai, isakI eka mAtra kAraka niyati ho sakatI hai| kisI durghaTanA ke ghaTita hone para bhI sabakI mRtyu nahIM hotI, apitu kucha loga hI marate haiM aura kucha loga jIvita raha jAte haiN| aise prasaMga para yaha mAnanA upayukta hai ki prANI kA jIvana aura maraNa niyati para nirbhara hai| jisakA maraNa jaba niyata hotA hai tabhI usakI mRtyu hotI hai aura jaba taka jisakA jIvana zeSa hotA hai taba taka mRtyu ke prasaMga bAra-bAra Ane para bhI vaha jIvita rahatA hai, usakI mRtyu nahIM hotii| niyativAda ke anusAra sRSTi kA saMcAlana, jIvoM ke janma-maraNa, sukhaduHkha Adi saba niyata krama se hI hote haiN| isake anusAra sabhI ghaTanAe~ pahale se nizcita hotI haiN| mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne bhI 'bhavitavyAnAM dvArANi bhavanti sarvatra' vAkya ke dvArA niyati ko hI prastuta kiyA hai| niyativAda ke samakSa puruSArtha, bala, vIrya, kAla, svabhAvAdi kA koI pRthak mahattva nahIM hai| upAsakadazAMga31, vyAkhyAprajJapti32 aura sUtrakRtAMga133 meM bhI niyativAdiyoM kA mantavya prApta hotA hai| niyativAdI dRSTikoNa ke saMbaMdha meM sUtrakRtAMga TIkA meM saMketa kiyA gayA hai"prAptavyo niyati balAzrayeNa yo'rthaH so'vazyaM bhavati nRNAM zubhAzubho vaa| bhUtAnAM mahati kRte'pi prayatne nAbhAvyaM bhavati na bhAvino'sti naashH||234

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 55 manuSyoM ko niyati ke kAraNa jo bhI zubha aura azubha prApta honA hai, vaha avazya prApta hotA hai| prANI kitanA bhI prayatna kara le, lekina jo nahIM honA hai, vaha nahIM hI hogA aura jo honA hai, use koI roka nahIM sakatA hai| saba jIvoM kA saba kucha niyata hai aura vaha apanI sthiti ke anusAra hogaa| pUrvakRta karmavAda jIva ke dvArA pahale kie gae karma ke anurUpa hI phala kI prApti hotI hai| pUrva janma meM kie hue zubha karmoM kA zubha phala aura azubha karmoM kA azubha phala prApta hotA hai| jIva ke sukhI-duHkhI banane meM, janma-maraNa meM, jJAnI-ajJAnI hone meM, amIra-garIba banane meM, rUpavAna-kurUpavAna hone Adi meM pUrvakRta karmoM kA yogadAna svIkAra karane kI mAnyatA 'pUrvakRta karmavAda' ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| eka hI mA~ ke udara se eka hI kAla meM utpanna baccoM meM eka kurUpa aura dUsarA surUpa, eka buddhimAna aura dUsarA mUrkha, eka maMda aura dUsarA catura, eka saubhAgyazAlI aura dUsarA mandabhAgI hone meM pUrva karma ke atirikta svabhAva, kAla Adi koI kAraNa nahIM ho sktaa| rAjA ko raMka aura raMka ko rAjA banAne meM, indriya aura prANazakti kA haraNa karane meM, ekendriya se paMcendriya jAti meM utpanna hone meM tathA paMcendriya se ekendriya jAti meM jAne meM tathA zarIra, svAsthya, manobala tathA buddhivikAsa meM bhI karma nimitta banate haiN| mahAbhArata ke gyArahaveM parva meM dhRtarASTra ko vidura ne ThIka hI kahA hai ki vaicitravIrya! sAdhyaM hi, duHkhaM vA yadi vA sukhm| prAptuvantIha bhUtAni, svakRtenaiva krmnnaa||135 arthAt he vaicitravIrya! sAdhya sukha aura duHkha prANI apane kie hue karma se hI prApta karate haiN| bar3e-bar3e cakravartI samrAToM ko apane pada se haTAkara apratiSThAna nAmaka mahAnArakAvAsa pahu~cAne meM, kaI zlAghanIya puruSoM ko vipatti ke mahAcakra meM DAlane meM, rAmacandra jI ko caudaha varSa taka vanavAsa meM bhaTakAne meM, RSabhadeva jI ko 1 varSa paryanta AhAra nahIM milane meM, parama vItarAga sarvajJa-sarvadarzI tIrthakara bhagavAn mahAvIra prabhu ko paramAtma dazA meM pahu~cAne meM gozAlaka ko nimitta banAkara bhagavAna se apanA badalA lene meM, gajasukumAla muni ke mastaka para aMgAre rakhavAne meM aura khaMdaka RSi ko ghAnI meM pilavAne meM karma kA hI hAtha hai| kahA bhI hai ki

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56 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa nAbhuktaM kSIyate karma, klpkottishtairpi| avazyameva bhoktavyaM, kRtaM karma shubhaashubhm|| karor3oM kalpa vyatIta ho jAe~ to bhI kie hue zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala bhoge binA chuTakArA nahIM hotaa| kie hue karmoM kA phala to avazya bhoganA par3atA hai| mImAMsA darzana meM yajJa karma ko adRSTa mAnakara bhI isI pUrvakRta karmavAda kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| jaina aura bauddha darzana bhI pahale kie hue kamoM ke anusAra phala kI prApti ko svIkAra karate haiM, yahI nahIM vedAnta aura anya vaidika darzana bhI karma kI mahattA kA pratiSedha nahIM krte| jaina darzana AtmA ko hI karma kA kartA evaM bhoktA svIkAra karatA hai- "appA kattA vikattA ya, duhANa ya suhANa y| 136 puruSArthavAda/puruSavAda siddhasenasUri ne 'kAlo sahAva NiyaI..' gAthA meM 'purise' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| jo puruSavAda ko saMketita karatA hai, kintu uttarakAlIna jainAcAryoM ne ise puruSakAra athavA puruSArthavAda ke rUpa meM vikasita kiyA hai| yahA~ pahale puruSArthavAda evaM phira puruSavAda para vicAra prastuta haiM puruSArthavAda- puruSa yA jIva tattva kA icchApUrvaka hone vAlA jo prayatna yA pravRtti hai, vaha puruSArtha kahalAtA hai| yahA~ puruSArtha kA artha prayatnamAtra se adhika vyApaka hai| pratyeka padArtha meM koI na koI puruSArtha pratisamaya pAyA jAtA hai, kyoMki pratyeka padArtha jar3a ho yA cetana, choTA ho yA bar3A, apanI eka avasthA vizeSa ko tajakara dUsarI avasthA vizeSa ko dhAraNa karane ke prati yA eka sthAna ko tajakara anya sthAna ko prApta karane ke prati barAbara jhukane kA prayatna kara rahA hai| jar3a kA vIrya jar3Atmaka aura cetanA kA vIrya cetanAtmaka hotA hai| isa vIrya guNa kI paryAya yA pravRtti vizeSa ko puruSArtha kahate haiN| puruSArthavAda kA apanA darzana hai| usakA kahanA hai ki saMsAra ke pratyeka kArya ke lie prayatna honA jarUrI hai| binA puruSArtha ke koI bhI kArya saphala nahIM hotA hai| saMsAra meM jo kucha bhI unnati hotI hai, vaha saba puruSArtha kA pariNAma hai| yadi peTa meM bhUkha mAlUma par3atI hai to usakI nivRtti ke lie prayatna karanA par3egA, bhUkha kI zAMti vicAroM se nahIM ho jaaegii| saMsAra meM jitane bhI padArtha haiM, unakA svAbhAvAdi apanA apanA hai, lekina usakI abhivyakti puruSArtha ke binA nahIM ho sakatI hai| isalie kahA hai "kuru kuru puruSArtha nivRtAnanda hetoH"

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 57 mukti-sukha kI prApti ke lie puruSArtha kro| puruSArtha kro| puruSArtha kA artha yahA~ udyoga, parizrama, parAkrama, bala-vIrya Adi haiN| jainadarzana puruSArthavAdI darzana hai| upAsakadazA sUtra ke chaThe adhyayana meM kuNDakolika aura devatA ke saMvAda se tathA sAtaveM adhyayana meM mahAvIra svAmI dvArA zakaDAla ko die gae upadeza se puruSArtha kI siddhi hotI hai| bhagavatI sUtra ke prathama zataka ke tRtIya uddezaka meM bhI karma kA udaya, upazama, udIraNA Adi apane kie hotA hai, aisA batalA kara utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya, puruSArtha kI hI sthApanA kI hai| mahAbhArata meM bhI isakI upayogitA siddha kI gaI hai yadi dakSaH samArambhAt, karmaNo nAznute phlm| nAsya vAcyaM bhavetkiMcillabdhavyaM vaadhigcchti|| arthAt puruSArthI manuSya kadAcit kAryArambha meM phala prApta nahIM kare to bhI use kisI prakAra kA dhokhA nahIM ho sakatA, kabhI na kabhI phala prApti hokara hI rhegii| bhAratIya paramparA meM dharma, artha, kAma evaM mokSa ko bhI puruSArtha kahA gayA hai| isameM se jaina darzana meM dharma evaM mokSa ko hI mahattva diyA gayA hai| mokSa kI prApti puruSArthavAdI darzanoM meM Izvara kI kRpA kA phala nahIM, apitu svayaM jIva ke dvArA kie hue satprayatna evaM sAdhanA kA supariNAma hai| zramaNa saMskRti ke darzana prAyaH puruSArtha ko pradhAna mAnate haiN| puruSavAda- puruSavAdiyoM ke anusAra isa saMsAra kA racayitA pAlanakartA evaM hartA puruSa vizeSa hai| isameM sAmAnyataH do matoM kA samAveza hai- brahmavAda aura iishvrvaad| brahmavAda kI mAnyatA hai ki jisa prakAra makar3I jAle ke lie aura candrakAnta maNi jala ke lie hetubhUta hai usI prakAra puruSa arthAt brahma samasta jagat ke prANiyoM kI sRSTi, sthiti evaM saMhAra ke prati nimittabhUta hai| inake matAnusAra brahma hI saMsAra ke samasta padArthoM kA upAdAna kAraNa hai| IzvaravAda kI mAnyatAnusAra jar3a aura cetana dravyoM ke pArasparika saMyojana meM Izvara nimittakAraNa hai| Izvara kI icchA ke binA jagat kA koI bhI kArya nahIM ho sktaa| vaha vizva kA niyantraka evaM niyAmaka hai| puruSavAda kA bIja vaidikakAla se hI prApta hotA hai| isa mata kA saMketa yA ullekha upaniSadoM, purANoM, smRtiyoM tathA vaidika darzanoM meM milatA hai| vaidika yuga meM manuSya kA eka varga agni, vAyu, jala, AkAza, vidyuta, dizA Adi zaktizAlI tattvoM kA upAsaka thA, prakRti ko hI deva mAnatA thaa| ve mAnate the ki manuSya meM itanI zakti kahA~ jo itane vizAla brahmANDa kI racanA kara sake, deva hI zaktizAlI hai| isa dhAraNA

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58 jainadarzana meM kAraNaga-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa se devakRta yA IzvarakRta loka kI kalpanA pracalita huii| muNDakopaniSad 37 meM to spaSTa kahA hai- vizva kA kartA aura bhuvana kA goptA (rakSaka) brahmA devoM meM sarvaprathama huaa| taittirIyopaniSad28 meM bhI prANI brahmA se prasRta kahe haiN| bRhadAraNyaka meM brahmA ke dvArA sRSTi racanA kI vicitra kalpanA batAyI gaI hai aura krama bhI / brahmA akelA ramaNa nahIM kara sakatA thA, usane dUsare kI icchA kI aura svayaM ne apane Apake do bhAga kie| ve donoM bhAga pati-patnI ke rUpa meM ho ge| pahale manuSya, phira gAya-baila, gardabha-gardabhI, bakarA-bakarI, pazu-pakSI Adi se lekara cIMTI taka sabake jor3e banAe / use vicAra huA ki maiM sRSTi rUpa hU~, maiMne hI sabakA sRjana kiyA hai, isa prakAra sRSTi huii| 139 vaidika purANa meM bhI sRSTi kA krama batAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra ke aneka prasaMga brahmA dvArA sRSTi racanA ke milate haiN| veda ke atirikta puruSavAdI mukhyatayA tIna dArzanika haiM - 1. vedAntI 2. naiyAyika 3. vaizeSika / vedAntI Izvara (brahmA) ko hI jagat kA upAdAna kAraNa evaM nimitta kAraNa mAnate hai| brahma mAyA ke dvArA AvRtta hone para jaba savizeSa yA saguNa bhAva ko dhAraNa karatA hai, taba use 'Izvara' kahate haiN| vizva kI sRSTi, sthiti aura laya kA kAraNa yahI Izvara hai / mAyA se AvRtta brahma arthAt Izvara cetanA yukta hai| caitanya pakSa kA avalambana lene para brahma jagat kA nimitta kAraNa aura upAdhi (mAyA) pakSa kA avalambana lene para yahI brahma jagat kA upAdAna kAraNa hai| .140 naiyAyika matAvalambI Izvara ke rUpa meM ziva ko mAnate haiM aura ziva ko hI isa carAcara jagat kA kartA, bhartA aura saMhartA mAnate haiN| Izvara jIvoM ke karmaphaloM kA pradAtA hone se naitika adhyakSa tathA zAsaka hai| manuSya karma ke sampAdana meM nimittakAraNa hotA hai aura Izvara unakA prayojaka kartA hotA hai, jo use kAryoM meM lagAtA hai tathA karane kI preraNA detA hai / vaha hamAre sukhoM aura duHkhoM kA niyAmaka hai| Izvara ko jagatkartA mAnane ke sAtha-sAtha naiyAyika use eka, sarvavyApI (AkAzavat ), nitya, svAdhIna, sarvajJa evaM sarvazaktimAna bhI mAnate haiM / IzvarakRta kAryoM dvArA udayanAcArya ne nyAyakusumAMjali" grantha meM Izvara kI siddhi kI hai| isake bAda nyAyavArttika, nyAyamaMjarI, nyAyakaMdalI Adi anekAneka nyAya granthoM meM IzvaravAda kA uttarottara vikAsa huA hai| vedAnta darzana jahA~ Izvara ko upAdAna kAraNa bhI mAnatA hai, vahA~ naiyAyika mAtra nimitta kAraNa hI mAnate haiN| Izvara kartRtva ke viSaya meM vaizeSikoM kI mAnyatA naiyAyikoM kI mAnyatA se prAya: samAna hI hai| pataMjali Izvara ko puruSa vizeSa ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| unake anusAra jo pataMjali kleza, sarvavidha karmavipAka aura karma - Azaya se rahita hotA hai, aisA puruSa vizeSa hI Izvara hai / 141

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 59 jainadarzana meM bhI IzvaravAda kA saMketa mAtra sUtrakRtAMga meM milatA hai| isake dvitIya zrutaskaMdha ke prathama adhyayana 'pauNDarika' meM IzvaravAdI kA ullekha eka rUpaka meM prApta hotA hai| isa rUpaka meM tatkAlIna IzvaravAdiyoM kA mantavya spaSTa huA hai, jo isa taraha hai iha khalu dhammA purisAdIyA purisottariyA purisappaNIyA purisapajjoitA purisaabhisamaNNAgatA purisameva abhibhUya citttthti|142 isa jagat meM jitane bhI cetana-acetana dharma (padArtha) haiM, ve saba puruSAdika haiM- Izvara yA AtmA unakA kAraNa hai, ve saba puruSottarika haiN| Izvara yA AtmA hI saba padArthoM kA kartA hai tathA saMhAraka hai, sabhI padArtha Izvara dvArA praNIta (racita) haiM, Izvara se hI utpanna (janme hue) haiM, sabhI padArtha Izvara dvArA prakAzita haiM, sabhI padArtha Izvara ke anugAmI haiM, Izvara kA AdhAra lekara Tike hue haiN| isake atirikta yahA~ Izvara ke pratipAdana meM sAta yuktiyA~ bhI prastuta kI gaI haiM, jo Izvara ke kartRtva kI vyAkhyA karatI haiN| Izvara kartRtva ko AcArya haribhadrasUri ne eka apekSA se svIkAra karate hue jainadarzana meM isake mAnya svarUpa ko prastuta kiyA hai| Izvara kartRtvavAda kA kathaMcit aucitya hai, yaha nimna gAthA se pramANita hotA hai IzvaraH paramAtmaiva tduktvrtsevnaat| yato muktistatastasyAH kartA syAd gunnbhaavtH||43 isa tathya ko syAdvAdakalpalatA TIkA meM spaSTa karate hue TIkAkAra yazovijaya jI kahate haiM- 'paramAptapraNItAgamavihitasaMyamapAlanAt, yato muktiH karmakSayarUpA bhavati, . tatastasyA rAjAdivadaprasAdAbhAve'pyacintyacintAmaNivad vastusvabhAvabalAt phaladopAsanAkatvenopacArAt, kartA syaat|' arthAt paramAtmA dvArA upadiSTa AgamoM meM jisa saMyama dharma kA varNana hai usake pAlana se mukti hotI hai| yaha mukti samagra karmoM kA kSaya rUpa hai| isa mukti kA Adi mUla paramAtmA kA upadeza hI hotA hai, isalie hI paramAtmA ko upacAra se unakA kartA kahA jAtA hai| jaise-rAjA Adi kA prasAda aura roSa anyoM ke anugraha-nigraha kA kartA hotA hai, vaisA prasAda-roSa paramAtmA meM nahIM hotA hai| vaha cintAmaNi ke samAna svabhAva se hI manuSya kI icchAoM kI siddhi karatA hai| cintAmaNi ke samparka se vAMchita kI prApti hone se ciMtAmaNi vAMchita kA

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60 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa dAtA yA kartA kahA jAtA hai vaise hI paramAtmA kI upAsanA se vibhinna phaloM kI prApti hone se vaha vibhinna phaloM kA kartA kahA jAtA hai| ata: 'Izvara saMsAra kA kartA haiN| isakA artha hai ki Izvara aise vratoM kA upadeSTA hai jinakA sevana na karane se saMsAra banatA hai arthAt saMsaraNa hotA hai| Izvara meM saMsArakartRtva kA yaha aupacArika vyavahAra usI prakAra upapanna kiyA jA sakatA hai jisa prakAra 'aGgulyagre karizatam' aGgula ke agrabhAga meM sau hAthI khar3e haiM, yaha vyavahAra aGgalI ke agrabhAga se sau hAthI kI ginatI hone ke AdhAra para upapanna kiyA jAtA hai| pratyeka AtmA zakti rUpa se paramAtmA hai, isalie paramAtmA kA IzvarakartRtva nirbAdha rUpa se siddha hotA hai pAramaizvaryayuktatvAt, Atmaiva mata iishvrH| sa ca karteti nirdoSaM, kartRvAdo vyvsthitH||44 AtmA parama aizvarya sampanna hai| ata: vaha Izvara hai, vaha kartA hai, isa dRSTi se mahAvIra ke darzana meM IzvarakartRtvavAda svIkAra karane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| mahAvIra ne AtmA ke kartRtva kA nirasana nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne usa kartR-sattA kA nirasana kiyA, jise samagra jagat kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne paramAtmA yA tIrthakara ke astitva kA pratipAdana kiyA, kintu usakI manuSya se bhinna sattA svIkAra nahIM kii| bhagavAn ne manuSya ko paramAtmA ke sthAna para pratiSThita kiyA aura yaha udghoSa kiyA ki saMsAra kA saMcAlana karane vAlA koI Izvara nahIM hai, vaha manuSya kA hI carama vikAsa hai| jo manuSya vikAsa kI ucca kakSA taka pahu~ca jAtA hai, vaha paramAtmA yA Izvara hai| anyavAda pUrvokta kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma, puruSArtha/puruSavAda (IzvaravAda) Adi kAraNoM ke atirikta bhI bhAratIya cintakoM ne anya kAraNoM ke rUpa meM apane-apane vAda kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| jaise-bhUtavAda, prakRtivAda, yadRcchAvAda aadi| bhUtavAda- yaha bhautikavAdI dhAraNA hai| isake anusAra pRthvI, agni, vAyu aura pAnI ye cAroM mahAbhUta hI mUlabhUta kAraNa haiM, sabhI kucha inake vibhinna saMyogoM kA pariNAma hai| prakRtivAda- prakRtivAda triguNAtmaka prakRti ko hI samagra jAgatika vikAsa tathA mAnavIya sukha-duHkha evaM baMdhana kA kAraNa mAnatA hai|

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 61 yadRcchAvAda- jagata kI kisI bhI ghaTanA kA koI bhI niyata hetu nahIM hai, usakA ghaTita honA mAtra eka saMyoga hai| isa prakAra yaha saMyoga para bala detA hai tathA ahetuvAdI dhAraNA kA pratipAdana karatA hai| niSkarSa bhAratIya darzana meM kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta kI carcA meM jaina darzana kA bhI apratima sthAna hai| jaina dArzanika sAMkhya ke satkAryavAda, vedAnta ke satkAraNavAda, nyAyadarzana ke asatakAryavAda aura zUnyavAdI bauddha darzana ke asatkAraNavAda kA nirasana karate hue sadasatkAraNavAda tathA sadasatkAryavAda kI sthApanA karate haiN| isake anusAra kAraNa sat bhI hai aura asat bhii| kArya kI utpatti hone se pUrva kAraNa sat hotA hai tathA kArya utpanna ho jAne para upAdAna kAraNa kA mUla svarUpa na rahane se vaha asat hI hotA hai| vRkSa kI utpatti ke pUrva bIja sat hotA hai tathA vRkSa kI utpatti ke pazcAt vaha asat ho jAtA hai| isa dRSTi se jaina darzana meM kAraNa sadasat hai| kAraNa kI bhA~ti jaina darzana meM kArya ko bhI sadasat mAnA gayA hai| udAharaNArtha vRkSa rUpI kArya apanI utpatti ke pUrva asat hotA hai tathA utpatti ke pazcAt st| isa prakAra jaina darzana kA kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta sadasatkAryavAda ke nAma se prasiddha hai| jaina dArzanika yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki kArya apanI utpatti ke pUrva kathaMcit sat aura kathaMcit asat hotA hai| ekAnta sat athavA ekAnta asat padArtha na to svayaM utpanna hote haiM aura na kisI ko utpanna karane meM samartha hote haiN| jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra nityAnityAtmaka sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka yA dravyaparyAyAtmaka padArthoM meM hI kAraNa-kArya bhAva ghaTita hotA hai| jise sadasatkAryavAda kahA gayA hai| jaina dArzanika kAraNa-kArya ko anya dArzanikoM kI bhA~ti svIkAra karate haiM ki kAraNa pahale hotA hai tathA kArya bAda meN| ve kAraNa-kArya ko kramabhAvI bhI kahate haiN| ve kAraNa-kArya ko sarvathA bhinna na mAnakara bhinnAbhinna svIkAra karate haiN| abhayadeva sUri kahate haiM- 'kAraNAt kArya anyat kathaMcit ananyat ataeva tadatadUpatayA sacca asacca iti| 4 kAraNa se kArya kathaMcit bhinna hai aura kathaMcit abhinn| yadi kArya kAraNa se sarvathA bhinna ho to yaha isa kAraNa kA kArya hai- aisA nahIM jAnA jA sakatA tathA sarvathA abhinna ho to yaha kAraNa hai aura yaha kArya aisA bheda nahIM ho sakatA isalie jaina darzanAnusAra kArya-kAraNa meM bhedAbhedatA hI grAhya hai| vAdidevasUri kahate haiM ki tantu Adi kAraNoM aura paTAdi kAryoM meM saMjJA, saMkhyA, svalakSaNa Adi bheda kI spaSTa pratIti hotI hai| malladhArI hemacandrAcArya ne saMkhyA, saMjJA, lakSaNa Adi ke bheda se kAraNa-kArya meM bhinnatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| sAtha hI

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62 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa unhoMne mRdAdi kI ekatA sattva, prameyatva Adi ke AdhAra para ananyatA siddha kI hai| jaina dArzanika kAraNa-kArya ko ekAnta sadRza evaM ekAnta asadRza na mAnakara sadRzAsadRzAtmakatA svIkAra karate haiN| anekAntavAdI jaina dArzanikoM ne kAraNa-kAryavAda para vibhinna dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA hai| jinameM pramukha haiM 1. SaTkArakoM kI kAraNatA 2. dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva aura bhava kI kAraNatA 3. SaDdravyoM kI kAraNatA 4. nimitta aura upAdAna kI kAraNatA 5. paMca samavAya kI kAraNatA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne kartA, karma, karaNa, saMpradAna, apAdAna evaM adhikaraNa kArakoM kI kAraNatA ko pratipAdita kara anekAnta dRSTi kA paricaya diyA hai| dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva kI kAraNatA para vicAra jaina dArzanikoM kA apanA maulika yogadAna hai| ve ina cAra kAraNoM ko AdhAra banAkara samasta kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta kI vyAkhyA karate haiN| ajIva dravyoM meM ghaTita hone vAle kAryoM meM ina cAroM kAraNoM kA vyApaka dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jIva meM ghaTita hone vAle kAryoM ke prati bhava kI kAraNatA ko bhI aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai| nAraka, tiryak, manuSya aura deva bhava vibhinna kAryoM ke viziSTa kAraNa hote haiN| udAharaNArtha deva bhava aura naraka bhava meM vaikriya zarIra janma se hotA hai, unameM avadhijJAna/vibhaMga jJAna bhI janma se hotA hai| manuSya aura tiryak bhava meM janma se audArika zarIra hotA hai, avadhijJAna meM unakA bhava kAraNa nahIM hai| kevalajJAna manuSya bhava meM hI ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra bhava kI viziSTa kAraNatA para jaina dArzanikoM ne vicAra kiyA hai| jIva meM ghaTita hone vAle kAryoM meM kSAyika, aupazamika, kSAyopazamika, audayika aura pAriNAmika bhAvoM kA viziSTa sthAna hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, pudgalAstikAya, jIvAstikAya aura kAladravya kI kAraNatA para vicAra kiyA hai| ina SaDdravyoM ke apane upagraha yA upakAra haiN| ve hI unake kArya haiM jo anya dravyoM ke kAryoM meM bhI sahAyaka banate haiN| dharmAstikAya jIva aura pudgala kI gati meM, adharmAstikAya unakI sthiti meM, AkAza sabhI dravyoM ke avagAhana meM, pudgala-dravya jIva ke zarIra,

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 63 indriya, prANa Adi ke nirmANa meM, jIva dravya pudgala ke prayoga pariNamana meM tathA parasparopagraha meM sahAyaka kAraNa hotA hai| kAla dravya sabhI dravyoM ke pariNamana meM sahAyaka bhUta hai| vedAnta darzana meM nirUpita upAdAna aura nimitta kAraNoM ke rUpa meM bhI jaina dArzanikoM ne kAraNa- kArya siddhAnta kI vyAkhyA kI hai| Agama vAGmaya meM upAdAna aura nimitta zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM huA hai kintu uttaravartI dArzanikoM ne inheM jainadarzana meM yathocita sthAna diyA hai| upAdAna pramukha kAraNa hotA hai jisameM kArya ghaTita hotA hai tathA anya sahAyaka kAraNa nimitta kahalAte haiM / nimitta kAraNa ko sahakArI kAraNa bhI kahA gayA hai| kAraNa-kAryavAda meM jaina dArzanikoM kA paMca samavAya siddhAnta atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha unakI anekAnta dRSTi kA pariNAma hai| paMca samavAya ke saMbaMdha meM Agama vAGmaya meM koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM miltaa| kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSArtha kI carcA yatra-tatra vikIrNa hai| siddhasena sUri ne pA~cavIM zatI IsvIM meM sanmati tarka prakaraNa meM ina kAraNoM kA nimnAnusAra kathana kiyA hai kAlo sahAva NiyaI puvvakayaM purise kaarnnegNtaa| 146 micchattaM te ceva u, samAsao honti sammattaM / / ' siddhasena sUri ne anekAntavAda, syAdvAda aura nayavAda kA prarUpaNa karate hue nayadRSTi se kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSa / puruSArtha kI kAraNatA aMgIkAra kI hai| ve inameM se mAtra eka kI kAraNatA ko hI aMgIkAra karane ko mithyAtva evaM sabakI sAmudAyika kAraNatA ko samyaktva mAnate haiN| kAla Adi pA~coM kI sAmUhika kAraNatA kA pratipAdana hI 'paMca samavAya' ke siddhAnta ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| paMca samavAya ke saMbaMdha meM niSkarSa rUpa meM nimnAMkita tathya ubhara kara Ate haiM 1. kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSa / puruSArtha kI sAmUhika yA sApekSa kAraNatA kA siddhAnta hI paMca samavAya ke rUpa meM prasiddha huA / 2. paMca samavAya siddhAnta jaina dArzanikoM kI anekAnta dRSTi yA naya dRSTi kA pariNamana hai|

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64 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 3. 'paMca samavAya' zabda Adhunika yuga meM atyanta prasiddha hokara bhI adhika prAcIna nahIM hai| sarvaprathama isakA ullekha kaba huA yaha to nizcita nahIM kahA jA sakatA kintu 19vIM zatI meM tilokaRSi jI dvArA isa zabda kA apanI kAvyaracanA meM bhUrizaH prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki tilokaRSi jI ke samaya 'paMca samavAya' zabda prasiddha ho cukA thA kintu usake pUrva paMca samavAya kA prayoga kisane kiyA, yaha upalabdha evaM adhIta srotoM se jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai| 4. siddhasena sUri ne 'samAsao' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai jo Age calakara 'kalApa' 'samudAya', 'samudita' se 'samavAya' ke rUpa meM vikasita huA hai| saMdarbha 1. tarkabhASA, caukhambA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI, saMskaraNa-9, vi.saM. 2052, pR. vahI, pR. 21 vedAntasAra, sAhitya bhaNDAra, meraTha, caturdaza saMskaraNa 2000, pR. 88-89 vedAntasAra, sAhitya bhaNDAra, meraTha, pRSTha 120 paMcAstikAya, gAthA 19 paMcAstikAya, gAthA 54 7. sanmati prakaraNa, tRtIya kANDa, gAthA 50-52 kA vivecana dRSTavya pR.7 .9. tattasya kArya-kAraNaM vA yuktaM bhinnlkssnntvaattyoH| anyathA tadvyavasthA sNkiiryet| -prameyakamalamArtaNDa, dvitIya bhAga, pR. 153 prameyakamalamArtaNDa, tRtIya bhAga, pR. 157 pramANanayatattvAloka, 3.55, 56 12. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 222 (pR. 155) 13. dhavalA pustaka 7/2, 1, 7/10/5 14. parIkSAmukha, tRtIya pariccheda, sUtra 18 15. dhavalA pustaka- 1/1, 1, 47/279/7

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 65 16. yaH kAryagato dharmaH kAraNe samasti sa kAryavattata evodayamAsAdayati yathA mRtpiNDe vidyamAnA rUpAdayo ghaTe'pi mRtpiNDAdupajAyamAne mRtpinnddruupaadidvaarennopjaaynte| ye tu kAryadharmAH kAraNeSvavidyamAnA na te tataH kAryavat jAyante kintu svata eva yathA- tsyaivodkaahrnnshktiH| -prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga prathama, pR. 416, 417 (zrI digambara jaina triloka zodha saMsthAna, hastinApura) 17. SaDdarzana samuccaya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, pR. 389 18. Natthi puDhavIvisiTTho 'ghaDo' tti jaM teNa jujjai annnnnno| jaM puNa 'ghaDo' tti puvvaM Na Asi puDhavI tao anno|| -sanmatitarkaprakaraNa 3.52 19. sanmatitarkaprakaraNam vRtti pR. 705-709 20. syAdvAdaratnAkara, bhAratIya buka korporezana, dillI, pR. 803 syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR. 803 22. bhedaekAnta ke vistAra se khaNDana hetu draSTavya, syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR..803 se 807 23. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2103 kI TIkA meM 24. vahI, gAthA 2103 kI TIkA meM 25. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2911 kI TIkA meM 26. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2103 27. rAjavArtika 1/20/5/71/11 uddhRta jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga dvitIya, pR. 57 28. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, divya darzana TrasTa, mumbaI, dvitIya bhAga, pR. 434 29. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, divya darzana TrasTa, mumbaI, dvitIya bhAga, pR. 434 30. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, divya darzana TrasTa, mumbaI, dvitIya bhAga, pR. 434 31. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2106 32. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2112, 2113, 2116, 2117, 2118 33. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, divya darzana TrasTa, pR. 434 34. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, divya darzana TrasTa, pR. 437

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66 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 35. sarvo'pi buddhau saMkalpya kumbhAdikArya karotIti vyavahAraH - vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 2113 kI ziSyahitA nAmaka bRhadavRtti 36. ataH sukaratvAt kAryamapyAtmana: kAraNamiSyate -vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 2113 kI ziSyahitA bRhadvRtti 37. bAhyAni kulAla-cakra-cIvarAdIni yAni nimittAni tadapekSaM kriyamANakAle'ntaraMgabuddhayAlocitaM kArya bhavati svasyAtmanaH kAraNam svakAraNam, anyathA yadi buddhayA pUrvamaparyAlocitameva kuryAt tadA'prekSApUrve zUnyamanaskArambhaviparyayo bhavet, ghaTakAraNasaMnidhAne'pyanyat kimapi zarAvAdikArya bhavet, abhAvo vA bhavet- na kiMcit kArye bhvedityrthH| tasmAd buddhyadhyavasitaM kAryamapyAtmanaH kaarnnmessttvym|-vishessaavshyk bhASya gA. 2114, 2115 kI TIkA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya bhAga dvitIya, divya darzana TrasTa, pR. 434 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya bhAga dvitIya, divya darzana TrasTa, pR. 434 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya bhAga dvitIya, divya darzana TrasTa, pR. 434 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya bhAga dvitIya, divya darzana TrasTa, pR. 434 vyAkhyAprajJapti, zataka 19, uddezaka 9 43. vyAkhyAprajJapti, zataka 19, uddezaka 9 sUtrakRtAMga niyukti, 4 (ka)kasAya pAhuDa 1/245/289/3 uddhata jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga dvitIya, pR. 64 (kha)"so puNa khetta bhAva kAla poggalaTThidI vivAgodaya tti edassa gAhAthacchaddhassa samudAyattho bhavadi" __ -kasAyapAhuDa uddhRta jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga prathama pR. 365 46. prajJApanAsUtra pada 23vAM 47. rAjavArtika, adhyAya 3, sUtra 37 kI TIkA meM 48. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 219 49. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 10 50. adhika vistAra ke lie draSTavya pR. 35

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 67 51. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 2088 52. uttarAdhyayana sUtra 28.10 53. tattvArtha sUtra a. 5, sUtra 22 54. bhagavatI sUtra, zataka 25, uddezaka 5 55. bRhad dravya saMgraha-prathamAdhikAra, gAthA 21 56. bhagavatI sUtra, zataka 7, uddezaka 2 57. anuyogadvAra sUtra, nAmAdhikAra, sUtra 233 anuyogadvAra sUtra, nAmAdhikAra, pR. 157 jIvodayanipphanne aNegavihe pnnnntte| taMjahA- Neraie, tirikkhajoNie, maNusse, devepuDhavikAie jAva vaNassaikAie tasakAie, kohakasAyI jAva lohakasAyI itthIvedae purisavedae, NapuMsagavedae, kaNhalese evaM nIla. kAu.teu.pamha. sukkalese, micchAdiTThi, abirae aNNaNI Aharae chaumatthe sajogI saMsAratthe asiddhe| se taM jiivodynipphnne| - anuyogadvArasUtra, nAmAdhikAra pR. 158 anuyogadvArasUtra, nAmAdhikAra pR. 159 61. anuyogadvArasUtra, nAmAdhikAra, pR. 159 62. anuyogadvArasUtra, nAmAdhikAra, pR.161 63. anuyogadvArasUtra, nAmAdhikAra, pR. 161 64. anuyogadvArasUtra, nAmAdhikAra, pR. 164 65. anuyogadvArasUtra, nAmAdhikAra, pR. 164 anuyogadvArasUtra, nAmAdhikAra, pR. 169 bhAvammi hoi duvihaM apasattha pasattha yaM ca apstthN| saMsArassegavihaM duvihaM tivihaM ca naayvvN||2119|| asaMjamo ya ekko annANaM aviraI ya duvihaM c| micchattaM annANaM aviraI ceva tivihaM tu||2120|| hoi pasatthaM mokkhassa kAraNamegaviha duviha tivihaM c| taM ceva ya vivarIyaM ahigAra pstthennetthN||2121|| -vizeSAvazyakabhASya 68. tattvArtha sUtra, 1.22

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68 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 69. vedAntasAra, sAhitya bhaNDAra meraTha, 2000, pR. 88-89 70. tarkabhASA, caukhambhA, surabhAratI prakAzana, vArANasI, 1984, pR. 30 71. kAraNeNaM taMtavo paDassa kAraNaM Na paDo taMtukAraNaM -anuyogadvAra sUtra, pramANAdhikAra nirUpaNa meM, pR. 364 72. prajJApanA sUtra, 23vAM pada, prathama uddezaka baMdha dvAra, pR. 10 73. svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 217 aSTasahasrI pR. 210 75. pravacanasAra, gAthA 95 kI TIkA meM se 76. dharmaH kila na jIva pudgalAnAM kadAcidgatihetutvamabhyasyati, na kdaacitsthitihetutvmdhrmH| tau hi pareSAM gatisthitiyoryAdi mukhyahetU syAtAM tadA teSAM gatisteSAM gatireva na sthitiH, yeSAH sthitisteSAM sthitireva na gtiH| ___-paMcAstikAya, gAthA 89 kI TIkA 77. samayasAra kalaza-zloka 6, pR. 51 78. 'kAraNAnuvidhAyIni kAryANIti kRtvA yavapUrvakA yavA yavA eveti' -samayasAra gAthA 68 kI TIkA 79. bRhad dravya saMgraha TIkA gAthA 21 80. tattvArthazlokavArttika, pR. 151 sarvArthasiddhi 1, 21, 125 82. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga dvitIya, pRSTha 611 jaina tattva mImAMsA -dvitIya saMskaraNa pR. 56 84. nimittopAdAna, pR.7 tattvArthazlokavArtika adhyAya 5 sUtra 20 kI vRtti se dravyasaMgraha TIkA/adhikAra 2 kI cUlikA/78/2 uddhata jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga dvitIya pR.64 87. jIva ko pudgala ke pariNamana meM kAraNa bhI batAyA gayA hai, yathA jIvapariNAmahe, kammattaM poggalA prinnmNti| poggalakammaNimittaM taheva jIvo vi prinnmdi|| -samayasAra, gAthA 80

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 69 88. vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra, zataka 13, uddezaka 4 89. bRhadravyasaMgraha, gAthA 17 bhagavatI sUtra, zataka 13, uddezaka 4 91. bRhadravyasaMgraha, gAthA 18 bRhadravyasaMgraha, gAthA 19 bhagavatI sUtra zataka 13, uddezaka 4 bRhadrvya saMgraha, gAthA 21 95. tattvArtha sUtra 5, 19-20 96. bhagavatI sUtra zataka 13, uddezaka 4 97. vahI, zataka 13, uddezaka 4 98. tattvArtha sUtra 5.21 99. samayasAra, gAthA 80 100. svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA, 231 101. zvetAzvataropaniSad 1.1 102. mahAbhArata, zAMtiparva, adhyAya 347, zloka 88 103. mahAbhArata, zAMti parva, 238.4, 5 104. mahAbhArata, zAMti parva, 347.89-90 105. suttapiTaka ke dIghanikAya ke prathama bhAga meM, sAmaphalasuttaM, mkkhligosaalvaad| 106. sanmati tarka 3.53 107. zAstravArtA samuccaya 2.79 108. dharmabindu 2.68 109. viMzati viMzikA, bIjaviMzikA, zloka 9 110. upadeza pada,gAthA 165 111. sUtrakRtAMga kI zIlAMka TIkA para ambikAdatta vyAkhyA, bhAga tRtIya, pRSTha 88 112. sUtrakRtAMga, zrutaskandha 1, adhyayana 12 kI prArambha kI zIlAMka TIkA meM

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70 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 113. bauddha pramANa mImAMsA kI jaina dRSTi se samIkSA, pR. 57 114. sanmati tarka 3.53 para abhayadeva kI TIkA 115. pravacanasAra ke pariziSTa meM 116. SaDdarzana samuccaya, zloka 79 117. jinendra bhakti prakAza meM vinayavijaya kI paMcasamavAya kI DhAla 6 kA padya 2 118. tiloka kAvya kalpataru, paMcavAdI svarUpa viSayaka kAvya, pR. 105 / / 119. ema.e. (prathama varSa) kA tRtIya praznapatra, khaNDa (kha)-jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna (mAnya vizvavidyAlaya), lADanUM 120. sanmati tarka 3.53 121. upadeza pada, gAthA 165 122. zAstravArtA samuccaya 2.79 123. (ka) sanmati tarka 3.53 kI tattvabodhavidhAyinI TIkA meM (kha) sUtrakRtAMga, zrutaskandha 1, adhyayana 12 kI prArambha kI zIlAMka TIkA meM 124. sUtrakRtAMga 1.12 kI prArambha kI zIlAMka TIkA meM 125. dvAdazAranayacakra, pR. 710 126. atharva saMhitA kANDa 19 127. na karmaNA labhyate na cintayA vA nApyasti dAtA puruSasya kshcit| paryAyayogAd vihitaM vidhAtrA kAlena sarva labhate mnussy|| -mahAbhArata 'zAMtiparva' adhyAya 25, zloka 5 128. kAlaH svabhAvoniyatiryadRcchA bhUtAni yoniH puruSa iti cintyaa| saMyoga eSAM na tvAtmabhAvAdAtmApyanIzaH sukhduHkhhetoH|| -zvetAzvataropaniSad 1.2 129. kaH kaNTakAnAM prakaroti taikSaNyaM vicitrabhAvaM mRgapakSiNAM c| svabhAvataH sarvamidaM pravRttaM na kAmacAro'sti kuta: prytnH||-buddhcrit, 52 130. svabhAvAtsaMpravartante nivartante tathaiva c| sarve bhAvAstathA'bhAvAH puruSArtho na vidyte|| ___-mahAbhArata, zAnti parva, adhyAya 222, zloka 15

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jainadarzana meM kAraNavAda aura paMcasamavAya 71 131. upAsakadazAMga, adhyayana 7 132. vyAkhyAprajJapti zataka 15 133. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 2.1.12, 2.6 134. sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.2.3 kI zIlAMka TIkA meM 135. mahAbhArata, strI.parva, adhyAya11 zloka 10 136. uttarAdhyayana sUtra 20.37 137. o'm brahmA devAnAM prathamaH sambabhUva vizvasya kartA, bhuvanasya goptaa| -muNDakopaniSad khaNDa. 1, zloka 1 138. yato vA imAni bhUtAni jAyante- taittirIyopaniSad 2/1/1 139. sa vai naiva reme tasmAdekAkI na ramate, sa dvitiiymaiccht| sa haitAvAnAsa yathA strIpumAMsau saMpariSvaktau, sa imamevAtmAnaM dvedhApAtayattataH patizca patnI cAbhavatAm tasmAdidamardhabagalAmiva sva iti dva smAha yAjJavalkyastasmAdamAkAzaH, ...tato manuSyA ajAyanta...gaurabhavavRSabhaH....tato gAvo'jAyanta, vaDavaterAbhavadazvavRSa itaro gardabhItarA gardabhaH...ajetarAbhavavadvasta.....yadidaM kiM ca mithunamRgapipIlikAbhyastat sarvamasRjata, so'vedahaM vAva sRSTirasmyaha sarvamasUkSIti, tataH sRSTirabhavat -bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, prathamAdhyAya, brA.4, sUtra 3 se 5 140. kAryA''yojana-dhRtyAdeH padAt pratyayataH shruteH| vAkyAt saMkhyAvizeSAcca sAdhyo vishvvidvyyH|| -nyAyakusumAMjali 5.1 141. klezakarmavipAkAzayairaparAmRSTaH puruSavizeSaH iishvrH| -'yogasUtra 1.24 142. sUtrakRtAMga, dvitIya zrutaskandha, prathama adhyayana pR. 437 143. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 3, gAthA 11 144. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 3, gAthA 14 145. sanmatitarkaprakaraNa kI tattvabodhavidhAyinI TIkA pRSTha 705-709 .146. sanmatitarka 3.53

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utthApanikA kAraNa ke binA kArya kI niSpatti nahIM hotI, prAyaH yaha sarvamAnya siddhAnta hai / prAcInakAla se hI kAraNa kArya ke saMbaMdha meM bhAratIya manISI cintana kara vibhinna siddhAntoM yA mantavyoM kA pratipAdana karate rahe haiN| una vibhinna siddhAntoM meM se eka mAnyatA 'kAlavAda' ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| kAlavAda kI mAnyatA hai ki samasta jagat kAlakRta hai, kAla hI samasta kAryoM kA kAraNa hai| kAlavAda kI mAnyatA ke saMbaMdha meM nimnAMkita zloka mahAbhArata, abhayadeva kI sanmati - tarka TIkA, sUtrakRtAMga para zIlAMkAcArya kI TIkA, haribhadrasUri viracita zAstravArtA samuccaya Adi meM samprApta hotA hai Ti dvitIya adhyAya kAlavAda - arthAt kAla hI pRthvI Adi bhUtoM kA pariNamana karatA hai, kAla hI prajA (jIvoM) ko pUrva paryAya se pracyavita kara anya paryAya meM sthApita karatA hai, kAla hI logoM ke so jAne para jAgatA hai isalie kAla kI kAraNatA kA apAkaraNa saMbhava nahIM hai| kAlaH pacati bhUtAni kAlaH saMharate prajAH / 1 kAlaH supteSu jAgarti, kAlo hi duratikramaH / / kAla ko paramatattva paramAtmA ke rUpa meM bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| atharvaveda, nArAyaNopaniSad, zivapurANa, bhagavadgItA Adi grantha isake sAkSI haiN| atharvaveda meM yathA kAlaHprajA asRjata, kAlo agre prajApatim / svayaMbhUH kazyapaH kAlAt, tapaH kAlAdajAyata / / kAlAdANa samabhavan kAlAd brahma tapo dish| kAlenodeti sUryaH kAle nivizate punaH / / 2 kAla ne prajA (jagat evaM jIvoM) ko utpanna kiyA, kAla ne prajApati ko utpanna kiyA, svayaMbhU kazyapa kAla se utpanna hue haiM tathA tapa bhI kAla se utpanna huaa|

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kAlavAda 73 kAla se jalatattva(Apa:) utpanna huA, kAla se hI brahma, tapa evaM dizAe~ utpanna huIM, kAla se hI sUrya udita hotA hai tathA puna: kAla meM hI niviSTa hotA hai| nArAyaNopaniSad meM kahA hai 'kAlazca nArAyaNaH' arthAt kAla nArAyaNa svarUpa hai| zivapurANa meM apriyaizca priyazcaiva hyciNtitsmaagmaiH| saMyojayati bhUtAni viyojayati ceshvrH||' kAla Izvara rUpa hai, jo apriya, priya evaM aciMtita vastuoM se prANiyoM ko saMyojita karatA hai aura viyojita karatA hai| viSNu purANa meM parasya brahmaNo rUpaM puruSaH dvijH| vyaktAvyakte tathaivAnye rUpe kaalstthaaprm|| parama brahma kA prathama svarUpa puruSa hai, avyakta (prakRti) aura vyakta (mahadAdi) usake dUsare rUpa hai tathA kAla usakA parama pradhAna rUpa hai| bhagavad gItA meM kahA hai kAlo'smi lokakSayakRtpravRddho, lokAn samAhartumiha prvRttH| 6 kRSNa svayaM kahate haiM- "maiM loka kA kSaya karane vAlA, pravRddha kAla hU~ tathA isa samaya lokoM ko naSTa karane ke lie pravRtta huA huuN|" vaidika kAla meM pracalita mAnyatAoM ke sAtha zvetAzvataropaniSad meM kAla kI samasta jagata ke prati kAraNatA svIkAra karane vAle kAlavAda kA nAmollekha prApta hotA hai- 'kAlaH svabhAvo niyatiryadRcchA bhUtAni yoniH puruSa iti cintyA" jyotirvidyA meM kAla ke AdhAra para hI samasta gaNanAe~ kI jAtI haiM tathA jIva evaM jagat kI vibhinna ghaTanAoM kA Akalana kAla ke AdhAra para hI kiyA jAtA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM kAlavAda kI mAnyatA kI jaDeM itanI gaharI haiM ki janajIvana meM isake avazeSa Aja bhI vidyamAna haiN| bure dinoM kA AnA, acche dinoM kA AnA Adi kI janamAnyatA 'kAlavAda' yA kAla kI kAraNatA ko hI iMgita karatI hai|

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74 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa kAla amUrta hote hue bhI vaijJAnikoM ke lie bhI adhyayana kA viSaya banA huA hai tathA ve bhI isakI kAraNatA para vicAra kara rahe haiN| bhAratIya darzanoM meM bhI kAla kI kAraNatA para vicAra huA hai evaM bhAratIya dArzanika 'kAla' ko kArya kI utpatti meM sAdhAraNa kAraNa mAnate haiN| pratyeka kArya kI utpatti meM kAla kI upasthiti sAdhAraNa kAraNa hotI hai, kintu ve kAla ko kSipra, cira, jyeSTha, kaniSTha Adi ke vyavahAra meM asAdhAraNa kAraNa mAnate haiN| prazna yaha hai ki kyA ekamAtra 'kAla' hI samasta kAryoM kA janaka ho sakatA hai to uttara meM kahanA hogA ki kAlavAda siddhAnta ne ekamAtra kAla ko hI samasta kAryoM kA kAraNa svIkAra kiyA hai| kAlavAda ke anusAra 'kAla' kA kitanA vyApaka svarUpa mAnya rahA hogA, isakA anumAna atharvaveda, mahAbhArata Adi granthoM se yatkiMcita ho sakatA hai, kintu 'kAlavAda' ke saMbaMdha meM koI svataMtra grantha upalabdha nahIM hai| 'kAlavAda' ko lekara kisI grantha kI racanA kI gaI, aisA bhI ullekha nahIM milatA aura na hI isa siddhAnta ke pravartaka kA nomollekha milatA hai| kAlavAda kisI eka vyakti kI mAnyatA na hokara sAmUhika mAnyatA bana gaI thI, aisA pratIta hotA hai| kAlavAda ke svataMtra grantha hote to unake AdhAra para yahA~ kAla kA vivecana kiyA jA sakatA thA, kintu samprati samupalabdha vibhinna srotoM se kAla evaM kAlavAda kI carcA karane kA prayAsa isa adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai| atharvaveda, upaniSad-sAhitya, purANa-vAGmaya, bhagavadgItA, mahAbhArata Adi ke sAtha jainAgama evaM vibhinna dArzanika granthoM ke AdhAra para 'kAlavAda' ke svarUpa ko prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai| jainAgama sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM kriyAvAdIakriyAvAdI ke bhedoM ke antargata 'kAlavAda' kI mAnyatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| jainAgama TIkAkAra zIlAMka aura malayagiri ne kAlavAda para vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai| siddhasenakRta sanmatitarka prakaraNa eMva usa para abhayadevasUri viracita TIkA, haribhadrasUrikRta zAstravArtAsamuccaya Adi meM kAlavAda kA pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM upasthApana kara kAla ko ekAnta kAraNa mAnane kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| isa adhyAya meM kAlavAda ke sAtha vibhinna darzanoM meM mAnya 'kAla' ke svarUpa kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| vaizeSika darzana meM kAla ko eka dravya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai jo jyeSTha, kaniSTha, yugapad, cira, kSipra Adi se anumita hotA hai| vyAkaraNa darzana meM ise amUrta kriyA ke pariccheda ke hetu rUpa meM mAnya kiyA gayA hai| nyAya darzana meM kAla

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kAlavAda 75 kA svarUpa vaizeSika darzana kI bhAMti hI yugapad, cira, kSipra Adi vyavahAra se anumita mAnA gayA hai tathA ise AkAza, dizA evaM deza ke samAna kAryotpatti meM sAdhAraNa kAraNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| sAMkhya darzana meM yadyapi kAla ko pRthaka tattva nahIM mAnA gayA hai, kintu use paMcabhUtoM meM AkAza ke svarUpa meM samAhita karate hue use kaivalya Adi kI prApti meM sAdhAraNa kAraNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| cAra AdhyAtmika tuSTiyoM meM kAla ko tRtIya tuSTi ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| yoga darzana meM muhUrta se lekara mahAkAla paryanta kAla ko buddhikalpita samAhAra ke rUpa meM tathA kSaNa ko vAstavika kAla ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA gayA hai| advaita vedAnta meM kAla ko ajJAnajanya tathA zuddhAdvaita vedAnta meM kAla kI Adhibhautika, AdhyAtmika evaM Adhidaivika dRSTi se vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| kAla ke svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM jaina darzana ke Agama grantha, darzana grantha aura anya granthoM meM bhI vizada varNana hai| anastikAyatva, apradezAtmakatA, anantasamayarUpatA, utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyazIlatA, sthUlatA, UrdhvapracayatA, kAraNatA, kArya aura bheda Adi vibhinna koNoM se jaina darzana meM kAla kA varNana milatA hai| kAla ko svataMtra dravya mAnane ke saMbaMdha meM jaina dArzanikoM meM matabheda hai| yahA~ atharvaveda, mahAbhArata Adi vibhinna granthoM ke AdhAra para kAlavAda ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana karane ke pazcAt vibhinna darzanoM meM mAnya kAla ke svarUpa kI carcA kI jAegI tathA phira jaina darzana ke granthoM meM carcita kAlavAda kA upasthApana kara unakA khaNDana prastuta kiyA jaayegaa| veda, upaniSad aura purANa meM kAlavAda kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta meM eka mata kAlavAda kA hai| kAlavAda ke anusAra pratyeka kArya kA kAraNa kAla hI hai aura vahI sRSTi kA mUla kAraNa hai| kAlavAda kA siddhAnta kaba se prArambha huA yaha to sunizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kintu kAla ko hI pramukha kAraNa ke rUpa meM mAnane kA ullekha veda, upaniSad, purANa, mahAbhArata aura vibhinna dArzanika granthoM meM prApta hotA hai| jagat kI sRSTi kAla se svIkArane kA ullekha upaniSad meM prApta hotA hai| kintu kAlavAda kA pravartaka kauna thA, isakA spaSTa ullekha nahIM milatA hai| atharvaveda meM 'kAla sUkta' ke rUpa meM kAla kI mahimA gAyI gaI hai| zivapurANa meM kAla ko ziva kI zakti aura viSNupurANa meM ise viSNu kI zakti ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra usa samaya kAlavAda kA pracAra bahuta adhika vyApaka rUpa se huaa| bar3e-bar3e maharSi bhI isa vAda ko mAnane vAle the| eka dina saMsAra meM isI kI dundubhi bajA karatI thii| prAcIna kAla meM kAla kA itanA mahattva hone ke kAraNa hI dArzanika kAla meM cintakoM ne IzvarAdi kAraNoM ke

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76 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa sAtha kAla ko bhI sAdhAraNa kAraNa svIkAra kiyaa| kAla ko asAdhAraNa mAnane vAle kAlavAdiyoM kA mata veda Adi vibhinna granthoM meM nirUpita huA hai, use yahA~ saMkSepa meM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| veda meM kAlavAda ke tattva atharvaveda meM 19veM kANDa ke 53-54 veM sUkta meM kAla kI mahimA kA varNana hai| isI kAraNa ye sUkta 'kAla-sUkta' ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| 53veM sUkta meM kAla ko rathAzva ke rUpa meM prastuta karate hue kahA hai ki samasta loka azvaratha ke cakra haiN| isa sUkta ke RSi kA kathana hai ki kAla hI parabrahma hai| yaha kAlAtmaka brahma carAcarAtmaka vizva kI racanA aura nAza karatA huA bhI sthira rahatA hai| dhuloka aura prANiyoM ko Azraya dene vAlI pRthivI ko kAla ne hI prakaTa kiyA hai tathA bhUtabhaviSya-vartamAna bhI isa kAla ke hI Azrita haiN|2 kAla kI preraNA se hI sUrya isa vizva ko prakAza detA hai aura kAla se hI saba prajA abhISTa siddhi ko prApta kara prasanna hotI hai| kAla hI tapa hai, kAla jyeSTha hai, kAla meM hI brahma pratiSThita hai| kAla sabhI kA Izvara, pitA aura prajApati hai| kAla ne pahale prajApati ko utpanna kiyA, phira prajAoM kI racanA kii| kAla svayaMbhU hai tathA kAla se hI kazyapa, aMgirA, atharvA Adi maharSi utpanna hue|" kAla se bhUta, bhaviSya, putra, pura, RcA aura yajurvedI utpanna hue haiN| kAla ne hI yajJa ko devatAoM ke bhAga ke rUpa meM prakaTa kiyaa| kAla se hI gandharva aura apsarAe~ huI aura ye sabhI loka kAla ke hI Azrita hai|6|| atharvaveda meM RSiyoM kI isa vicAradhArA ki 'kAla ne jagat kI sRSTi kI' kA prabhAva bar3A dUragAmI siddha huaa| kAlAntara meM vikasita hone vAle vividha sAhitya tathA dArzanika-cintana kI sampradAyagata dhArAoM para isa vicAra kA pUrNa prabhAva pdd'aa| upaniSad meM kAlavAda kAlavAda kI prAcInatA upaniSadoM se bhI pramANita hotI hai| akSyupaniSad meM kAla ko samasta padArthoM kA nirantara nirmAtA pratipAdita karate hue kahA gayA hai"kAlazca kalanodyuktaH sarvabhAvanAnAratam' nArAyaNa upaniSad meM kAla ko saMbhavata: kisI apekSA se nArAyaNa kahA hai-"kAlazca naaraaynnH| sItopaniSad meM kAla ke kalA, nimeSa, ghaTikA, yAma, divasa, rAtri, pakSa, mAsa, Rtu, ayana, saMvatsara Adi kA ullekha karate hue nimeSa se lekara parArdha paryanta kAlacakra kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai|

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kAlavAda 77 mANDUkyopaniSad para racita gauDapAdakArikA meM kAlavAdiyoM kA ullekha karate hue spaSTa kathana hai-"kAlAtprasUtiM bhUtAnAM manyante kAlacintakA: '2deg isI mANDUkyakArikA meM kAlavidoM ke mata meM kAla ko hI paramArtha tattva pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai- 'kAla iti kAlavido21 TIkAkAra ne 'kAla iti kAlavido' kA abhiprAya prakaTa karate hue kAlavid ko jyotirvid svIkAra kiyA hai-kAlaH paramArthataH iti jyotirvidH| zvetAzvataropaniSad meM kAlavAda kI mAnyatA isa prakAra prakAza meM AI haibrahmavAdI paraspara carcA karate haiM ki jagat kA mukhya kAraNa kauna hai, yaha kisake AdhAra para pratiSThita hai kAla svabhAvo niyatiryadRcchA bhUtAni yoniH puruSa iti cintyaa| saMyoga eSAM na tvAtmabhAvAdAtmApyanIzaH sukhduHkhhetoH|| 22 svabhAvameke kavayo vadanti kAlaM tathAnye primuhymaanaaH| devasyaiSa mahimA tu loke yenedaM bhrAmyate brhmckrm||3 veda zAstroM meM kAla, svabhAva, niyati, yadRcchA, paMca mahAbhUta, jIvAtmAkAraNoM kA varNana AtA hai| ye kAla Adi pRthak aura samudAya donoM rUpa se kAraNa nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki ye AtmA ke adhIna haiN| AtmA sukha-duHkhoM ke hetubhUta prArabdha ke adhIna hone se kAraNa nahIM ho sktii| vAstava meM yaha paramadeva sarvazaktimAna paramezvara kI hI mahimA hai| ye svabhAva aura kAla Adi samasta kAraNoM ke adhipati haiM aura unhIM ke dvArA yaha saMsAra cakra ghumAyA jAtA hai| vaidika kAla meM kAlavAda vikasita evaM pallavita thA, yaha uparyukta vivaraNa se svataH pramANita hotA hai| purANoM meM kAlavAda ke tattva zivapurANa meM kAla ko ziva kI zakti batAte hue kahA gayA hai- sabakI utpatti aura vinAza meM kAla hI kAraNa hai| kAla se nirapekSa kahIM bhI kucha bhI nahIM hotaa| sRSTikAraka evaM saMhAraka kAla jaMgama-sthAvara ke dvArA hI nahIM brahmA, viSNu, rudra Adi sura-asuroM dvArA bhI anulaMghanIya hai| inake atirikta indriyoM para vijaya prApta karane vAle RSi muni bhI kAla ko jItane meM samartha nahIM haiN| kalA, kASThA, nimeSa Adi kalAoM se nirmita kAlAtmA kA zarIra ziva kA parama teja hai| ziva kI aMzamayI zakti kAlAtmA rUpa mahAtmA meM usI prakAra nikala kara saMkrAnta ho gaI hai,

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78 jainadarzana meM kAraNa- kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 26 jisa prakAra kI agni lohe meM saMkrAnta hotI hai| " isalie vizva kAla ke adhIna hai aura kAla ziva ke adhIna hai| kAla IzvararUpa hai, jo apriya, priya evaM aciMtita vastuoM se prANiyoM ko saMyojita karatA hai aura viyojita karatA hai| 27 kAla sabhI parivartanoM kA AdhAra hai, yathA - yuvA kA vRddha honA, balavAna kA durbala honA, lakSmIpati kA kaMgAla honA, sanAtha kA anAtha honA tathA dAtA se bhikhArI bananA Adi / janma-maraNa, sukha-duHkha, sardI-garmI-varSA Adi sabhI kArya kAla dvArA saMcAlita hote haiN| " zivapurANa meM kAla ke saMbaMdha meM vistArapUrvaka varNana upalabdha hai| " 28 29 30 viSNupurANa meM bhI kAla kA vivecana prApta hotA hai| sRSTi-prakriyA kA pratipAdana karate hue 'kAla' ke saMbaMdha meM aneka tathya prakaTa hue hai, yathA- paramabrahma kA prathama svarUpa puruSa hai, avyakta (prakRti) aura vyakta (mahadAdi) usake dUsare rUpa haiM tathA kAla usakA parama (pradhAna) rUpa hai| pradhAna aura puruSa sRSTi evaM pralayakAla meM saMyukta aura viyukta hote haiM, usI rUpAntara kA nAma 'kAla' hai| kAlasvarUpa bhagavAn anAdi haiM aura inakA anta bhI nahIM hotA / ataeva saMsAra kI utpatti, pAlana aura anta (pralaya) nahIM rukate, kintu pravAha rUpa se sadA hote hI rahate haiN| pralayakAla meM pradhAna (prakRti) ko guNa kI sAmyAvasthA meM sthita ho jAne para tathA puruSa ke prakRti se alaga sthita hone para zrI viSNu bhagavAna kA kAlasvarUpa pravRtta hotA hai| 21 zrImadbhAgavata meM kAla ke svarUpa kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA ki jo sattva, raja aura tama nAmaka guNatraya ke AkAra vAlA hotA hai, nirvizeSa hotA hai| apratiSThita arthAt Adi anta se rahita hotA hai, vaha kAla hai / puruSavizeSa Izvara usI kAla ko upAdAna kAraNa banAkara apane Apa se vizvarUpa sRSTi kI racanA karatA hai| kAla ke isa svarUpa kA ullekha vidura ke dvArA prazna kie jAne para maitreya ne uttara dete hue kiyA hai - yadA''ttha bahurUpasya heturadbhutakarmaNaH / kAlAkhyaM lakSaNaM brahmanyathA varNaya naH prabho / / guNavyatikarAkAro nirvizeSo'pratiSThitaH / puruSastadupAdAnamAtmAnaM lIlayA'sRjat / / zrImadbhAgavata kI vaMzIdharI TIkA meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki Izvara sRSTi kI racanA kAlAkhya nimitta se karatA hai

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kAlavAda 79 etadeva darzayitumIzvaraH sRSTyAditena nimittabhUtena krotiityaah| kAlena nimittena cAsRjadityetAvadeva vivkssitm|| 33 viSNu mAyA se yukta brahma kAla ke nimitta se Izvara ke dvArA vizva ke rUpa meM prakAzita kiyA jAtA hai| kAla ke nimitta se hone vAlI prAkRta va vaikRta sRSTi ke 9 bheda haiN| jisameM mahat, ahaMkAra, bhUta sarga, aindriya sarga, manassarga, tamassarga, sthAvara sarga, tiryak sarga aura mAnava sarga Adi kA samAveza hotA hai| mahAbhArata meM kAlavAda evaM usakA nirasana mahAbhArata meM kAla kI kAraNatA ke saMbaMdha meM do mata milate haiN| pahalA mata jo kAla ko sabhI kAryoM ke prati nirvizeSa yAnI sAmAnya kAraNa tathA sabhI prANiyoM meM samAna rUpa se kAraka mAnatA hai- 'kAlo hi kArya prati nirvizeSaH', 'kAlaH sarveSu bhUteSu caratyavidhRtaH samaH dUsarA mata jo sabhI kAryoM ke prati kAla vizeSa ko hI kAraNa mAnatA hai, anya ko nahIM- 'sarve kAlAtmakAH sarva kAlAtmakamidaM jagat', 'kAlo hi kurute bhAvAn sarvaloke shubhaashbhaan'|35 kAlavAda kA prasaMga hone se yahA~ dUsare mata kA kathana hI vistAra se abhipreta hai| kAraNa aura kArya kA pRthak-pRthak astitva hotA hai| isalie kAla kA kArya se bhinna svarUpa hone se kArya meM nihita honA saMbhava nahIM hai| mahAbhArata kI nimna paMkti yaha pramANita karatI hai- 'nAbhyeti kAraNaM kArya na kArya kAraNaM tathA, kAryANAM tUpakaraNaM kAlo bhavati hetumaan| 6 kAla kArya kI siddhi aura asiddhi meM samAna rUpa se kAraNa banatA hai| loka meM ho rahI ceSTAe~, pravRtti-nivRtti tathA vikRtiyA~ sabhI kAla ke nimitta se haiN|27 sthAvara-jaMgama prANI sabhI kAla ke adhIna haiN| sUrya, candramA, jala, vAyu, indra, agni, AkAza, pRthvI, mitra, parjanya, vasu, aditi, nadI, samudra Adi sabhI kA kartA kAla hai|38 vartamAna meM vidyamAna padArtha ke prati hI nahIM, apitu bhaviSya aura bhUtakAla ke padArthoM ke prati bhI kAla hetu hai| sRSTigata kAryoM ke sAtha-sAtha kAla svayaM sRSTi kA racanAkAra aura saMhArakartA hai| kAla mAtA-pitA ke samAna prANiyoM kA janaka hone ke sAtha saMrakSaka bhI hai, ata: vaha sabako poSita evaM dhAraNa karane vAlA hai| kAla dravyotpatti meM hI nahIM bhAva meM bhI kAraNa hai, jantuoM ke sAttvika, rAjasika aura tAmasika bhAva bhI kAlAtmaka haiN| prAkRtika-parivartana meM bhI kAla kAraNabhUta hotA hai, isake vibhinna nidarzana hai, yathA- teja havA kA calanA, meghoM dvArA jala barasAnA, udaka meM utpala kA utpanna honA, vana meM vRkSoM kA puSTa honA, candramA kA ghaTanA-bar3hanA, vRkSoM kA phala-phUloM se

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80 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa ladanA Adi parivartanoM kA kAla niyAmaka hai| asamaya meM pakSI, sarpa, jaMgalI mRga, hAthI, zaila mRga matavAle nahIM hote, striyA~ garbha dhAraNa nahIM karatI aura sardI-garmI-varSA bhI nahIM hotii| ye prAkRtika parivartana hI nahIM mAnava kA vikAsa bhI kAla ke adhIna hai, jaise-samaya Ane para janma lenA, calanA aura bolanA prArambha karanA, kizora-yuvAvRddha honA aura anta meM maraNa ko prApta honaa| prAkRtika parivartana aura mAnava-vikAsa ke atirikta mantra, auSadha aura zilpakalAe~ ucita kAla ke binA niSphala ho jAte haiM "nAbhUtikAleSu phalaM dadanti , zilpAni mantrAzca tthaussdhaani| tAnyeva kAlena samAhitAni, siddhyanti vardhanti ca bhuutikaale|| mahAbhArata meM kAla kA svarUpa batAte hue kahA gayA hai- 'nizcitaM kAlanAnAtvamanAdinidhanaM ca yat' arthAt nizcaya hI kAla ke aneka rUpa haiM aura usakA na Adi hai na ant| kAla aneka rUpa vAlA hone se eka samaya meM bhI vibhinna kAryoM meM kAraNa ho sakatA hai| Adi anta rahita hone se vaha bhUta-vartamAna-bhaviSya meM ghaTita sabhI kAryoM meM kAraNa hotA hai| ye donoM tathya uparyukta zlokAMza se svataH pramANita hote haiN| eka sthAna para RSiyoM ne dharmazAstra, arthazAstra aura mokSazAstra meM kAla kI kAraNatA ko pratipAdita karate hue kArya siddhi kA pradhAna upAya 'kAla aura deza' ko kahA hai| mahAbhArata meM kAlavAda ke pratipAdana ke sAtha khaNDana bhI prApta hotA hai| kAla hI sabhI kriyAoM kA kAraNa hone se jIvana meM Ane vAlI khuziyoM evaM muzkiloM kA hetu hai| kintu loka meM vibhinna prasaMgoM para kAlavAda kA astitva khaNDita hotA hai jisakA darzana nimna zlokoM meM hotA hai 'yadi kAlaH pramANaM te na vairaM kasyacid bhvet| kasmAt tvapacitiM yAnti bAndhavA baandhvairhtaiH|| bhiSajo bhaiSajaM kartuM kasmAdicchanti roginnH| yadi kAlena pacyante bheSajaiH kiM pryojnm|| pralApaH sumahAn kasmAt kriyate shokmuucchitaiH| yadi kAlaH pramANaM te kasmAd dharmo'sti krtRssu|| yaha prayoga pANini sammata nahIM hai, kintu mahAbhArata meM yahI prayoga hai| aise prayoga anyatra bhI mahAbhArata meM milate haiN|

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kAlavAda 81 yadi kAla ko hI saba kriyAoM kA kAraNa mAnate ho taba to kisI kA kisI ke sAtha vaira nahIM honA cAhie; phira apane bhAI-bandhuoM ke mAre jAne para usake sagesaMbaMdhI badalA kyoM lete haiM? vaidya loga rogiyoM kI davA karane kI abhilASA kyoM karate haiM? yadi kAla hI sabako pakA rahA hai to davAoM kA kyA prayojana hai| yadi Apa kAla ko hI pramANa mAnate haiM to zoka se murchita hue prANI kyoM mahAn pralApa evaM hAhAkAra karate haiM? phira karma karane vAloM ke lie vidhi-niSedha rUpI dharma ke pAlana kA niyama kyoM rakhA gayA hai? zrImadbhagavad gItA meM kAla kA paramAtma svarUpa zrImadbhagavad gItA meM bhagavAna zrI kRSNa ne svayaM ko kAla kahA hai, jaisA ki ekAdaza adhyAya meM ve arjuna se kahate haiM ki maiM kAla huuN| maiM sampUrNa jagat kA sarjana, pAlana aura saMhAra karane vAlA sAkSAt paramezvara huuN| isa samaya mujhako tuma ina sabakA saMhAra karane vAlA sAkSAt kAla smjho| isI prakAra dazama adhyAya meM zrIkRSNa ne svayaM ko gaNanA karane vAlA kAla kahA hai| jyotirvidyA meM kAlavAda jyotizzAstra pUrNataH kAla para AdhArita hai| jyotirvida pratyeka ghaTanA meM kAla ko kAraNa mAnate haiN| vyakti ke jIvana meM bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna kI ghaTanAoM kA Akalana ve usa vyakti kI janma kuNDalI se karate haiM aura janma kuNDalI janma kAla ke AdhAra para banatI hai| isI prakAra mUla rUpa se kAla ko kAraNa mAnate hue vibhinna kAryoM kA sampAdana svIkAra karate haiN| sabhI jyotiSAcArya jAtakazAstrIya viziSTa mAnyatAoM ko ekamata hokara aMgIkAra karate haiN| 'kAlapuruSa para meSAdi dvAdaza rAziyoM kA sthAna nirdhAraNa' inhIM mAnyatAoM meM se eka hai| isake antargata kAla ko eka puruSa ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| puruSa kA zarIra sira, kaNTha, vakSa, hasta, peTa aura paira Adi pramukha aMgoM se banA hotA hai, usI prakAra kAlapuruSa kA bhI zarIra meSAdi dvAdaza rAziyoM se banA hai| kAlacakra ko jyotiSa karmajJoM ne vaijJAnikatA pUrvaka vibhAjita kiyA hai aura mAnava ke lie yaha hara kSaNa kisa prakAra upayogI hai, isakA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA hai| AcArya parAzara ne sabase pahale kAla ko viSNu rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai|52 itanA hI nahIM parAzara ne viSNu rUpI kAla ke aMgoM kA ullekha karate hue unameM meSAdi rAziyoM kI sthApanA kii|52 'jAtakapArijAta' meM kAlapuruSa ke aMgoM para meSAdi rAziyoM kI sthApanA isa prakAra prApta hotI hai "kAlAtmakasya ca ziromukhadezavakSo, hRtkukssibhaagkttivstirhsydeshaaH|

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82 jainadarzana meM kAraNa- kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa urU ca jAnuyugalaM paratastu jaGghe, 54 pAdadvayaM kriyAmukhAvayavAH krameNa / / arthAt usa kAla puruSa ke zira meM meSa, mukha meM vRSa, vakSa meM mithuna, hRdaya meM karka, peTa meM siMha, kamara meM kanyA, nAbhi ke nIce tulA, liMga meM vRzcika, urU meM dhanu, donoM ghuTanoM meM makara, donoM jAMghoM meM kumbha aura donoM pairoM meM mIna nAmaka rAziyA~ sthApita hotI haiN| isa prakAra sabhI jyotirvidoM ne ekamata hokara kAla ko puruSa kA rUpaka diyA hai aura usa kAlapuruSa ke aMgoM para meSAdi rAziyoM kA krama se vinyAsa kiyA hai| manuSya ke janmakAla meM jo rAzi balavatI hotI hai usase saMbaMdhita aMga avazya hI balavAna hotA hai aura jo rAzi janma samaya se nirbala hotI hai usase saMbaMdhita aMga avazya nirbala hogaa| isakI puSTi meM 'kalyANa varmA' ne likhA hai kAlanarasyAvayavAn puruSANAM kalpayet prasavakAle / 55 sadasadgrahasaMyogAt puSTAnsopadravAMzcApi / / bhartRhari viracita vAkyapadIyaM ke kAla samuddeza meM dakSiNAyana aura uttarAyaNa kA vibhAga, nakSatroM kI niyata gati tathA mahAbhUtoM ke sarga aura pralaya meM kAla ko kAraNa batAte hue kahA hai- 'ayanapravibhAgazca gatizca jyotiSAM dhruvAM, nivRttiprabhavAcaiva bhUtAnAM tannibandhAH / 6 azvinI Adi tArAmaNDala ke udaya Adi se usa kAla vizeSa ko azvinI Adi nakSatroM (tArAmaNDala) kA nAma diyA jAtA hai| ina nakSatroM se niyata kAla vizeSa kA bodha hotA hai| 56 ataH jyotirvidyA meM kAla eka pradhAna kAraNa ke rUpa meM prakaTa huA hai| ise kAlavAda kA hI eka vikasita evaM pariSkRta rUpa kahA jA sakatA hai| vibhinna bhAratIya darzanoM meM kAla kA svarUpa evaM usakI kAraNatA prAyaH sabhI darzana kAla ko kArya meM sAdhAraNa kAraNa svIkAra karate haiM, kintu kAlavAda kI mAnyatA meM vaha asAdhAraNa kAraNa hai| yahA~ vibhinna darzanoM meM nirUpita kAla ke svarUpa para vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai vaizeSika darzana meM kAla kA svarUpa evaM usakI kAraNatA vaizeSika darzana ke praNetA kaNAda RSi ne vaizeSika sUtra meM 'kAla' ko dravya ke rUpa meM sthApita kiyA hai| 17 RSi ne vAyu ke samAna kAla ko nitya batAyA hai / 58

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kAlavAda 83 kAla sadaiva vidyamAna rahatA hai, ata: isake abhAva kA abhAva nitya hai| kAla saMkhyA meM eka hI hai|59 bhUta,bhaviSya aura vartamAna se ise vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai,kintu mUla rUpa se eka hai| ataH vaizeSika matAnusAra 'kAla' eka dravya hai, nitya hai tathA saMkhyA meM eka hai| prazastapAda apane bhASya meM saMkhyA, parimANa, pRthaktva, saMyoga aura vibhAga ina pA~ca guNoM se kAla ko yukta mAnate haiN| kAla kI jJApakayaugapadyAdiviSayaka pratItiyA~ sabhI kAloM meM samAna rUpa se haiM, ata: saMkhyA meM kAla eka hI hai|61 yaugapadyAdi kI pratItiyA~ sabhI sthAnoM meM hotI haiM, ataH kAla vyApaka parimANa vAlA hai|62 ekatva ke sAtha pRthaktva kA anuvidhAna arthAt niyata sAhacarya hai| isase kAla meM ekatva ke sAtha pRthaktva kI siddhi bhI hotI hai|62 kAla aura piNDa (avayavI dravya) kA saMyoga hone se kAla meM saMyoga rUpa gaNa kI siddhi hotI hai|64 vibhAga cUMki saMyoga kA vinAzaka hai, ata: vibhAga bhI kAla meM avazya hai|65 kAla kI siddhi meM kaNAda ne aneka hetu die haiM, yathA 'aparismannaparaM yugapacciraM kSipramiti kAlaliMgAni' 66 apara-para kA jJAna, ekakAlikatva aura vibhinnakAlikatva tathA vilambazIghratA rUpa viziSTa hetuoM se kAla ko pahacAnA jAtA hai| arthAt ye kAla ke lakSaNa haiN| sthAna vizeSa se samIpa-dUra, vaya se choTA-bar3A, U~cAI se nATA-lambA Adi apara-para haiN| aneka vastuoM kA eka kAla meM utpanna honA ekakAlikatva aura vibhinna kAloM meM utpanna honA vibhinna kAlikatva hai| kAla kI nyUnatA va adhikatA hI zIghra evaM vilamba hai| ye sabhI pratItiyA~ kAla ke abhAva meM nahIM hotI hai| isa prakAra ye kAla kI kAraNatA ko prakaTa karatI hai| vaizeSika darzana ke anusAra kAla sabhI kriyAoM kA sAmAnya kAraNa hai, aisA 'kAraNena kAla: sUtra se siddha hotA hai| kAla kisI kriyA ko utpanna nahIM karatA isalie samavAyI kAraNa nahIM hai, ata: sAmAnya rUpa se sabhI kriyAoM kA use AdhAra yA nimitta mAna sakate haiN| jaise- vastra bunane meM dhAgA samavAyI kAraNa hai, parantu vemA usakA samavAyI kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA, vaise hI kAla kisI karma kA samavAyI kAraNa nahIM, nimitta kAraNa ho sakatA hai| kAla amUrta arthAt binA rUpa vAlA hai aura kriyA mUrta padArthoM meM hI hotI hai, amUrta padArthoM meM nhiiN| isase siddha hotA hai ki kAla AdhAra yA nimitta hI hai, samavAyI kAraNa nahIM hai|

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84 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa nyAya darzana meM kAla nyAyadarzana ke sUtrakAra gautamaRSi ne kaNAda kI bhAMti kAla tattva ko siddha karane ke lie svatantra sUtroM kI racanA nahIM kI, kintu ve kAla ko svIkAra karake calate haiN| udAharaNArtha mana kI siddhi karate hue ve kahate haiM- 'yugapajjJAnAnutpattirmanaso linggm'| yahA~ yugapad zabda kAla kA bodha karAtA hai| eka sAtha yA eka kAla meM aneka jJAnoM kI utpatti na honA mana kA sAdhaka hetu hotA hai| akSapAda gautama ne prameya padArthoM meM bhale hI kAla ko pRthaka rUpa se pratipAdita na kiyA ho, kintu ve kAla ko svIkAra karate haiN| prasaMgavaza eka sthala para dizA, deza, kAla aura AkAza kI kAraNatA ke saMbaMdha meM kAla zabda kA prayoga bhI kiyA hai| kAla kI nyAya darzana meM vahI avadhAraNA hai jo vaizeSika darzana meM hai| isalie vaizeSika darzana meM jo kAla ke svarUpa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai vahI nyAya darzana kA bhI samajhanA caahie| sAMkhyadarzana meM kAla evaM usakI kAraNatA sAMkhya darzana meM prakRti aura puruSa ye do mUla tattva haiN| vistAra se kaheM to prakRti ke pradhAna (mUla prakRti), buddhi, ahaMkAra, paMcatanmAtrAe~, paMcajJAnendriyA~, paMcakarmendriyA~, mana aura paMca mahAbhUta ye caubIsa tattva hote haiN| 25 vA~ tattva puruSa mAnA jAtA hai| ina paccIsa tattvoM meM kahIM bhI kAla kA ullekha nahIM AyA hai tathApi sAMkhya pravacana ke dvitIya adhyAya meM kAla kA ullekha prApta hotA hai'dikkAlAvAkAzAdibhyaH 69 arthAt dizA aura kAla AkAza prakRti ke svarUpa hI haiN| ye prakRti ke guNa vizeSa hai| dik aura kAla ko nitya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| AkAza ke vibhu hone ke kAraNa dik aura kAla bhI vibhu haiN| 'AkAzavat sarvagatazca nityaH' aisI zruti bhI hai| jo khaNDa dik, kAla Adi ke prApta hote haiM, ve upAdhi saMyoga Adi se AkAza se utpanna hote haiN| isa prakAra sAMkhya darzana meM prakArAntara se kAla ko aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai tathA usake vibhu aura khaNDa donoM svarUpa svIkAra kie gae haiN| sAMkhya darzana meM tuSTi ke rUpa meM kAla kA svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| cAra prakAra kI AdhyAtmika tuSTiyoM ke antargata 'kAla' ko tRtIya tuSTi mAnA hai| sAMkhyakArikA kI tattvaprabhA TIkA meM kAlatuSTi ke saMbaMdha meM kahA gayA hai ki sAkSAt pravrajyA bhI mokSadAyinI nahIM hotI hai, kintu kAla kI apekSA rakhakara hI viveka khyAti siddha hotI hai| yuktidIpikAkAra ne upAdAna kA sAmarthya hone para bhI kAla kI apekSA ko aMgIkAra kiyA hai| kAla ke anurUpa hI prANiyoM meM svAbhAvika

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kAlavAda 85 AhAra-vihAra kI vyavasthA dekhI jAtI hai| kAla tuSTi ko ogha tuSTi bhI kahA gayA hai| yogI kAla kI apekSA rakhakara hI kaivalya kI prApti karatA hai|72 yogadarzana meM kAla evaM usakI kAraNatA yoga darzana ke praNetA maharSi pataMjali ne kAla ke saMbaMdha meM kucha bhI nirUpaNa nahIM kiyA hai, kintu unake dvArA racita yogasUtra ke tRtIya pAda ke 52veM sUtra (kSaNatatkramayoH saMyamAdvivekajaM jJAnam) para upalabdha vyAsa bhASya meM kAla kA kiMcit vivecana prApta hotA hai| ve kSaNa evaM krama kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahate haiM ki eka paramANu pUrva deza (sthAna) ko chor3akara uttara deza ko jitane samaya meM prApta hotA hai, vaha kAla kSaNa kahalAtA hai| isa kSaNa ke pravAha kA viccheda na honA hI krama kahalAtA hai| kSaNa vAstavika hai tathA krama kA AdhAra hai| krama avAstavika hai kyoMki do kSaNa kabhI bhI sAtha nahIM rahate haiN| do sAtha meM rahane vAle kSaNoM kA krama nahIM hotA hai| pahale vAle kSaNa ke anantara dUsare kSaNa kA honA hI krama kahalAtA hai, isalie vartamAna eka kSaNa hI vAstavika hai, pUrvottara kSaNa nhiiN| aneka kSaNoM kA samAhAra nahIM ho sktaa| muhUrta, ahorAtra Adi jo kSaNa samAhAra rUpa vyavahAra hai, vaha buddhi kalpita hai, vAstavika nhiiN| vyAsa bhASya para yogavArtikakAra vijJAnabhikSu yogamata ko spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM-idAnI kSaNAtirikta: kAlo nAsti muhUrtAdirUpo mahAkAlaparyanta iti...| kSaNeSu tatkrameSu cAvyavahitAnantaryarUpeSu vastubhUta: samAhAro milanaM nAsti; ato muhUrtAhorAtrAdayo buddhikalpitasamAhAra evetyrthH| tAtparya yaha hai ki muhUrta se lekara mahAkAla paryanta jo kAla hai vaha buddhi kalpita samAhAra hai, kSaNa ke atirikta koI vAstavika kAla nahIM hai| vibhinna kSaNoM meM avyavahita Anantarya rUpa jo krama hai, unakA vAstavika samAhAra yA milana nahIM hotA hai| kAla aura dik ko sAMkhyadarzana kI bhA~ti vijJAnabhikSu ne AkAza se hI upapanna svIkAra kiyA hai| pUrva mImAMsA meM kAla yadyapi jaimini ne mImAMsA sUtra meM kAla tattva ke saMbaMdha meM koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| kintu pArthasArathi mizra kI zAstradIpikA para TIkA karate hue paM. rAmakRSNa ne yuktisnehaprapUraNI siddhAntacandrikA meM kAla ke saMbaMdha meM mImAMsaka mata kA pratipAdana karate hue vaizeSika darzana kI mAnyatAoM ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai| vaizeSika darzana ke dvArA mAnya kAla tattva ke saMbaMdha meM mImAMsaka mata kA itanA hI bheda hai ki vaizeSikoM ne jahA~ kAla ko parokSa mAnA hai vahA~ mImAMsaka mata meM use pratyakSa mAnA gayA hai|

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86 jainadarzana meM kAraNa- kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa vedAnta darzana meM kAla vedAnta darzana ke praNetA bAdarAyaNa ne kAla tattva ke saMbaMdha meM spaSTa rUpa se koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| kintu usa darzana ke pramukha vyAkhyAkAra zaMkarAcArya mAtra brahma ko hI mUla evaM svatantra tattva svIkAra karate haiM, anya sthUla evaM jar3a jagat ko mAyika athavA avidyA janita siddha karate haiN| zaMkarAcArya kA mata advaita vedAnta ke nAma se prasiddha hai| isameM eka mAtra brahma ko sat mAnate hue bhI AkAza Adi paMcabhUtoM, sUkSma zarIra sthUla zarIra, vijJAnamaya- manomaya - prANamaya koSa Adi ko ajJAna se utpanna mAnA gayA hai usI prakAra kAla ko bhI ajJAna janita mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai, kyoMki vyAvahArika yA prAtibhAsika jagat meM kAla kA vyavahAra hotA huA dekhA gayA hai| pralaya kA varNana karate hue vedAnta paribhASA meM naimittika pralaya meM kAla ko nimitta batAyA hai "kAryabrahmaNo divasAvasAnanimittakastrailokyamAtrapralayo naimittika pralayaH brahmadivasazcaturyugasahasraparimita kAlaH / "caturyugasahasrANi brahmaNo dinmucyte| ' 11 kArya brahma ke divasa kA avasAna hone ke nimitta se jo tInoM lokoM kA pralaya hotA hai, use vedAnta meM naimittika pralaya mAnA gayA hai| brahma ke divasa kA samaya cAra hajAra yuga parimita mAnA gayA hai| zuddhAdvaita darzana ke grantha prasthAnaratnAkara meM prameya svarUpa brahma kI svarUpa koTi, kAraNa koTi aura kArya koTi kA nirUpaNa karate hue svarUpa koTi ke antargata kAla kI bhI carcA kI hai| svarUpa koTi meM akSara ke svarUpAntara meM kAla, karma aura svabhAva kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| karma aura svabhAva ko kathaMcit kAla kA aMzabhUta batAyA hai| antaH saccidAnanda ko kAla kA vAstavika svarUpa evaM vyavahAra meM kiMcit sattva aMza se kAla ko prakaTa batAyA hai| yahI kAla kA svarUpa lakSaNa hai" antaH saccidAnando vyavahAro ISat sattvAMzena prakaTaH kAlaH iti kAlasya svarUpa lkssnnm| 11199 yaha kAla atIndriya hai evaM kArya se anumita hotA hai| kAla kA lakSaNa nityaga, sakalAzraya aura sakalodbhava ke rUpa meM nirUpita hai| isa kAla se hI cirakSipra Adi kA vyavahAra tathA atIta, anAgata Adi kA vyavahAra utpanna hotA hai| isakA prathama kArya sattva, rajasa evaM tamasa guNoM meM kSobha utpanna karanA hai| " sUrya Adi kAla ke Adhibhautika rUpa haiM, paramANu (paramANu usa kAla ko kahate haiM jitane samaya

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kAlavAda 87 meM sUrya kA rathacakra paramANu mAtra pradeza ko vyApta kare) se lekara dviparArdha paryanta kAla kA AdhyAtmika rUpa hai tathA 'kAlo'smi' vAkya se bhagavAna svayaM hI kAla ke Adhidaivika rUpa haiN|82 vyAkaraNa darzana meM kAla evaM usakI kAraNatA pramukha vaiyAkaraNa bhartRhari ne vAkyapadIya ke tRtIya kANDa meM kAla samuddeza ke antargata kAla ke svarUpa evaM bhedoM para vistAra se vicAra karate hue kArya meM kAla kI nimitta kAraNatA svIkAra kI hai| kAla ko unhoMne amUrta kriyA ke pariccheda kA hetu pratipAdita kiyA hai| jisa prakAra mUrta padArthoM ke pariccheda (mApana) ke lie diSTi (AyAma mAna vizeSa), prastha, suvarNa Adi svIkRta haiM usI prakAra kAla amUrta kriyA ke pariccheda (mApana) ke lie hetu hotA hai- kaalo'muurtkriyaapricchedhetuH|2 utpatti, sthiti aura vinAza kriyAoM meM tathA ina kriyAoM se yukta padArthoM kI utpatti Adi meM kAla nimitta kAraNa hotA hai| upAttau ca sthitau caiva vinAze cApi tadvatAm / nimittaM kAlamevAhurvibhaktenAtmanA sthitm|| 4 utpatti, sthiti aura vinAza kriyAoM se padArthoM kI samasta kriyAe~ gRhIta ho jAtI haiN| basaMta Adi kAloM meM usa Rtu ke puSpa, kokilarava Adi sAdhana zaktiyoM kI pravRtti dikhAI par3ane se unakA prayojaka nimitta kAla anumita hotA hai| kAla se prerita hokara ke hI zaktiyA~ padArthoM meM janmAdi kI kriyAe~ karatI haiN| bhartRhari ne parabrahmavAcI vizvAtmA ko hI kAla ke rUpa meM nirUpita karate hue use vibhu yA svatantra batalAyA hai| jalayantrabhramAvezasadRzIbhiH prvRttibhiH| sa kalA: kalayan sarvAH kAlAkhyA~ labhate vibhuH|| 5 . jisa prakAra kue~ se jala nikAlane ke lie arahaTa ko ghumAyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra yaha vizvAtmA kAla vibhinna prakAra kI pravRttiyoM (AvRttiyoM) se vibhinna padArthoM kI avasthAoM ko nirmita karatA hai| utpanna padArthoM kI samasta avasthAoM meM kAla kA vyApAra vyavasthita hai'pratyavasthaM tu kAlasya vyApAro'tra vyvsthitH| 6 kAla ke anumAna meM anya hetu prastuta karate hue kahA hai ki ghar3A dera se banAyA gayA, ghar3A zIghra banAyA gayA, vastra dera se banAyA gayA, vastra zIghra banAyA gayA, inameM sarvatra kAla anugata hai| jisa prakAra

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88 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa eka tulAdaMDa rassiyoM se baMdhe do tulA-pAtroM meM rakhI vastu ke gurutva yA bhAra kA jJAna karA detA hai usI prakAra kAla se vibhinna kriyAoM kA jJAna hotA hai| ghaTa yA paTa ke kSipra yA vilamba se nirmita hone kI ekAdhika kriyAoM ko kAla viSaya kara letA hai| paramAtma rUpa kAla apanI mAyA zakti se vizvarUpatA ko grahaNa kara nimeSAdi kriyA ke bheda se yukta mAnava kriyAoM ko cira-acira Adi bhAvoM se jAnatA hai yA jJAna karAtA hai| vAkyapadIya meM bhaviSyata, vartamAna aura bhUtakAla ke avAntarabhedoM kA nirUpaNa karate hue bhUtakAla ke pA~ca, bhaviSyata ke cAra tathA vartamAna ke do prakAra batAe gae haiN| bhUtakAla ke pA~ca prakAra hai- 1. bhUta sAmAnya 2. adyatana bhUta 3. anadyatana bhUta 4. adyatana-anadyatana samudAya bhUta 5. bhaviSyat adyAropita bhuut| bhaviSyatkAla ke cAra prakAra haiM- 1. sAmAnya 2. adyatana 3. anadyatana 4. adyatanaanadyatana smudaay| vartamAna kAla do prakAra kA hai- 1. mukhya vartamAna 2. amukhya vrtmaan| jaina granthoM meM kAlavAda kI carcA Agama evaM unakI TIkAoM meM kAlavAda ke tattva jainAgamoM meM kAlavAda kA spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai, kintu sUtrakRtAMga meM 'jagat-kartRtvavAda' kA kathana karate hue usa samaya pracalita mAnyatAoM kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai, jisameM vyAkhyAkAroM ne kAlavAda kA samAveza svIkAra kiyA hai "IsareNa kaDe loe, pahANAti thaavre| jIvA'jIvasamAutte, suh-dukkhaasmnnie|| arthAt jIva-ajIva se vyApta aura sukha-duHkha se yukta yaha loka Izvara kA banAyA huA hai tathA dUsare kahate haiM ki yaha loka pradhAna Adi ke dvArA kRta hai| uparyukta gAthA ke 'pahANAti' zabda meM nihita bhAvoM ko zatAvadhAnI paM. muni zrI ratanacandra jI mahArAja ne apanI pustaka 'sRSTivAda aura Izvara' meM isa prakAra vyakta kiyA hai "pahANAti' meM Adi zabda se kAla, svabhAva, yadRcchA aura niyati ina cAroM ko grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| kyoMki usa samaya IzvaravAda ke sAtha kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, yadRcchAvAda aura niyativAda bhI pracalana meM the aura janatA meM ye apanA prabhutva sthApita kara cuke the|"89

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kAlavAda 89 sUtrakRtAMga meM hI vibhinna paramatAvalambiyoM ko kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, vinayavAda aura ajJAnavAda ke rUpa meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai cattAri samosaraNANImANi, pAvaTyA jAiM puDho vyNti| kiriyaM akiriyaM viNayaM ti taiyaM, aNNANamAhaMsu cutthmev|| 10 sUtrakRtAMga kI niyukti meM ina matavAdoM ke bhedoM kA ullekha karate hue kahA hai asiisayaM kiriyANaM akiriyavAINa hoi culsiiii| annANi a sataTThI veNajhyANaM ca bttiisN|| 91 arthAt kriyAvAdiyoM ke 180, akriyAvAdiyoM ke 84, ajJAnavAdiyoM ke 67 aura vinayavAdI ke 32 prakAra hote haiN| Agama-TIkAkAroM ne ina matAvalambiyoM ke bhedoM kA vistAra se kathana kiyA hai, jinameM kriyAvAdiyoM ke 180 bhedoM meM kAlavAda, IzvaravAda, AtmatattvavAda, niyativAda evaM svabhAvavAda kA tathA akriyAvAdiyoM ke 84 bhedoM meM kAlavAda Adi pA~ca vAdoM ke atirikta yadRcchAvAda kA bhI samAveza huA hai| ajJAnavAdiyoM evaM vinayavAdiyoM ke bhedoM meM kAla Adi kA ullekha nahIM hai| yahA~ para ina vibhinna matavAdiyoM ke bhedoM kA saMkSepa meM ullekha kiyA jA rahA haikriyAvAda Adi cAra mata kriyAvAdI- jo kriyA arthAt jIvAdi padArthoM ke astitva ko svIkAra karate haiM ve kriyAvAdI haiN| marIci kumAra, kapila, ulUka, mAThara Adi aise kriyAvAdI haiN| sUtrakRtAMga kI TIkA meM zIlAMkAcArya ne jIvAdi padArthoM ke sadbhAva ko nizcita rUpa se svIkAra karane vAle ko kriyAvAdI kahA hai|3 abhayadeva sUri ne sthAnAMga vRtti meM kriyAvAdiyoM ke lie 'Astika' zabda kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| bhagavatI sUtra kI vRtti meM abhayadeva sUri ne kriyAvAdI ke do anya lakSaNa dete hue kahA hai- 1. kartA ke binA kriyA nahIM hotI hai tathA kriyA AtmA meM samavAya saMbaMdha se rahatI hai, aisA kahane vAle kriyAvAdI haiN| 2. kriyAvAdI kriyA ko pradhAna mAnate haiM tathA jJAna kI upekSA karate haiN|95 kriyAvAdiyoM ne jIva-ajIva Adi 9 tattvoM ko svata:-parata: aura nityaanitya ke AdhAra se kAlavAda, IzvaravAda, AtmavAda, niyativAda aura svabhAvavAda meM vibhakta kara 180 bheda nirUpita kie haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM

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90 jIva jIva svataH jIva parataH jIva svataH nitya jIva svataH anitya jIva parataH nitya | jIva parataH nitya jIva parataH anitya jIva parataH anitya | jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa kAla se Izvara se kAla se Izvara se kAla se Izvara se kAla se Izvara se AtmA se niyati se AtmA se niyati se AtmA se niyati se AtmA se niyati se svabhAva se svabhAva se svabhAva se svabhAva se

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____m kAlavAda 91 jIva ke 20 bheda 1. jIva svataH nitya kAla se 2. jIva parata: nitya kAla se 3. jIva svata: nitya Izvara se 4. jIva parata: nitya Izvara se 5. jIva svataH nitya AtmA se 6. jIva parata: nitya AtmA se 7. jIva svata: nitya niyati se 8. jIva parata: nitya niyati se 9. jIva svata: nitya svabhAva se 10.jIva parata: nitya svabhAva se 11.jIva svata: anitya kAla se 12.jIva parata: anitya kAla se 13.jIva svataH anitya Izvara se 14.jIva parata: anitya Izvara se 15.jIva svata: anitya AtmA se 16.jIva parata: anitya AtmA se 17.jIva svata: anitya niyati se 18.jIva parata: anitya niyati se 19.jIva svataH anitya svabhAva se 20.jIva parata: anitya svabhAva se isa prakAra jIva ke 20 bheda hue| isI prakAra ajIva, Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA, puNya, pApa tathA mokSa ke bhI 20 bheda hokara kriyAvAdI ke kula 20 x 9 = 180 bheda hote haiN| akriyAvAdI- jIvAdi padArtha nahIM haiM aisA kahane vAle akriyAvAdI haiN| kisI bhI eka kSaNa rahane vAle padArtha meM kriyA saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki utpatti ke anantara hI usakA vinAza ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra nirUpaNa karane vAle akriyAvAdI haiN| ye AtmA Adi kA astitva svIkAra nahIM krte| akriyAvAdiyoM meM krokula, kANTheviddhi, romaka, sugata Adi pramukha haiN|" sthAnAMga sUtra kI vRtti meM abhayadevasUri ne akriyAvAdiyoM ko nAstika kahA hai| bhagavatI sUtra kI vRtti meM abhayadeva sUri ne bauddhoM ko akriyAvAdI batAte hue spaSTa kiyA hai ki unake mata meM kriyA kA koI mahattva nahIM hai, citta zuddhi hI pramukha hai|00 akriyAvAdI puNya-pApa ko chor3akara jIvAdi sAta padArthoM ko sva-para ke AdhAra se kAla, Izvara, AtmA, niyati, svabhAva aura yadRcchA ina chaha se guNita kara caurAsI bheda karate haiN|01 jo nimna haiM

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92 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa nAsti jIvaH nAsti jIvaH svataH nAsti jIvaH parataH kAla Izvara kAla Izvara AtmA svabhAva AtmA svabhAva niyati yadRcchA niyati yadRcchA nAsti jIva ke 12 bheda 1. nAsti jIva svataH kAla se 2. nAsti jIva parataH kAla se 3. nAsti jIva svataH Izvara se 4. nAsti jIva parata: Izvara se 5. nAsti jIva svataH AtmA se 6. nAsti jIva parataH AtmA se 7. nAsti jIva svataH svabhAva se 8. nAsti jIva parataH svabhAva se 9. nAsti jIva svataH niyati se 10.nAsti jIva parata: niyati se 11.nAsti jIva svataH yadRcchA se 12.nAsti jIva parataH yadRcchA se ye jIva ke 12 bheda hue| isI prakAra ajIva, Amrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA tathA mokSa ke bhI 12 bheda milAkara 7 x 12 = 84 bheda hote haiN| __ ajJAnavAdI- kutsita jJAna ko ajJAna kahate haiN| ajJAna ko bhI zreyaskara samajhane vAle ajJAnika va ajJAnavAdI kahalAte hai athavA ajJAnapUrvaka jinakA AcaraNa hotA hai, ve ajJAnI kahalAte haiN| inakA mantavya hai ki ajJAnapUrvaka kiyA gayA karmabaMdha viphala ho jAtA hai| jabaki jJAnapUrvaka kiye gae karmabaMdha kA vipAka dAruNa hotA hai evaM avazya vedana karane yogya hotA hai| ajJAnavAdiyoM meM zAkalya, sAtyamuni, mauda, pippalAda, bAdarAyaNa, jaimini, vasu Adi kI gaNanA kI gaI hai|02 pUjyapAda devanandi ne hitAhita kI parIkSA meM asamartha hone ko ajJAnikatA kahA hai|03

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kAlavAda 93 ajJAnavAdiyoM kA mantavya hai ki jJAna zreyaskara nahIM hai, kyoMki jJAna hI viruddha prarUpaNA evaM vivAda Adi ko utpanna karake citta ko kaluSita karatA hai jisase saMsAra meM adhika samaya taka paribhramaNa karanA par3atA hai jabaki ajJAna kA Azraya lene para ahaMkAra kI utpatti nahIM hotI aura na hI dUsaroM ke prati kaluSita bhAva utpanna hotA hai| 104 ajJAnavAdI jIvAdi navatattvoM ke sattva asattvAdi sAta bheda tathA utpatti ke cAra bheda mAnate hue kula 67 bheda svIkAra karate hai 105 sattva asattva sadasattva avAcyatva sadavAcyatva asadavAcyatva sadasadavAcyatva jIva ke ina 7 bhedoM ke samAna hI ajIva, Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA, puNya, pApa tathA mokSa ke bhI 7-7 bheda hone se 7x9 63 bheda hote haiN| utpatti ke sat, asat, sadasattva, avAcyatva ina cAra bhedoM ko milAkara 67 bheda banate haiN| jIva 107 vinayavAdI - jo mAtra vinaya se hI svarga yA mokSa kI abhilASA rakhate haiM, ve mithyAdRSTi vinayavAdI hai| 106 inakA veSa, AcAra tathA zAstra nizcita nahIM hai| ' pUjyapAda devanandi ne sabhI devoM aura sabhI siddhAntoM ke prati samadRSTi rakhane vAloM ( samAna samajhane vAloM) ko vainayika kahA hai| 108 zIlAMkAcArya ne vinaya se mokSa mAnane vAle gozAlaka mata ke anuyAyiyoM ko vainayika kahA hai| 109 jabaki SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI TIkA meM guNaratnasUri ne vaziSTha, parAzara, vAlmiki, vyAsa, ilAputra, satyadatta Adi ko vainayika batAyA hai| 10 sabake prati vinaya karane ke kAraNa ye sat-asat meM yA zreya-azreya bheda nahIM krte| vinayavAdI ne devatA, rAjA, sAdhu Adi AThoM ke mana, vacana, kAya aura deza - kAlAnusAra dAna rUpI cAra bheda karate hue kula battIsa bheda mAne haiN| 111 devatA mana = vacana kAya dAna

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94 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa devatA ke samAna hI rAjA, sAdhu, jJAti, vRddha, adhama, mAtA tathA pitA ina AThoM ke bheda hone se kula 8 x 4 = 32 bheda hote haiN| paravAdiyoM ke ina 363 bhedoM meM se kAlavAda kI mAnyatA ko pratipAdita karane vAle nimna bheda ubharakara Ate haiMkriyAvAdiyoM aura akriyAvAdiyoM meM kAlavAda ke bheda kriyAvAdiyoM meM 1. jIva svataH nitya kAla se 2. jIva svata: anitya kAla se 3. jIva parata: nitya kAla se 4. jIva parata: anitya kAla se 5. ajIva svata: nitya kAla se 6. ajIva svata: anitya kAla se 7. ajIva parata: nitya kAla se 8. ajIva parata: anitya kAla se 9. Asrava svataH nitya kAla se 10.Asrava svataH anitya kAla se 11.Asrava parata: nitya kAla se 12.Asrava parata: anitya kAla se 13.bandha svataH nitya kAla se 14.bandha svata: anitya kAla se 15.bandha parata: nitya kAla se 16.baMdha parata: anitya kAla se 17.saMvara svataH nitya kAla se 18.saMvara svataH anitya kAla se 19.saMvara parata: nitya kAla se 20.saMvara parata: anitya kAla se 21.nirjarA svata: nitya kAla se 22.nirjarA svataH anitya kAla se 23.nirjarA parata: nitya kAla se 24.nirjarA parata: anitya kAla se 25.puNya svata: nitya kAla se 26.puNya svata: anitya kAla se 27.puNya parata: nitya kAla se 28.puNya parata: anitya kAla se 29.pApa svataH nitya kAla se 30.pApa svata: anitya kAla se 31.pApa parata: nitya kAla se 32.pApa parata: anitya kAla se 33.mokSa svata: nitya kAla se 34.mokSa svata: anitya kAla se 35.mokSa parata: nitya kAla se 36.mokSa parata: anitya kAla se

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kAlavAda akriyAvAdI meM 1. nAsti jIva svata: kAla se 2. nAsti jIva parataH kAla se 3. nAsti ajIva svata: kAla se 4. nAsti ajIva parataH kAla se 5. nAsti Asrava svata: kAla se 6. nAsti Asrava parata: kAla se 7. nAsti baMdha svataH kAla se 8. nAsti baMdha parata: kAla se 9. nAsti saMvara svata: kAla se 10.nAsti saMvara parata: kAla se 11.nAsti nirjarA svata: kAla se 12.nAsti nirjarA parata: kAla se 13.nAsti mokSa svata: kAla se 14. nAsti mokSa parata: kAla se kriyAvAdiyoM meM kAlavAda ke uparyukta 36 prakAroM tathA akriyAvAdiyoM meM 14 prakAroM se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki kAla ko AdhAra banAkara cintana kI paramparA prAcIna rahI hai| nandIsUtra para malayagiri kI avacUri, sthAnAMgasUtra para abhayadevasUri kI TIkA evaM haribhadrasUri ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya para guNaratnasUri kI TIkA ke AdhAra para pradatta kAlavAda ke uparyukta bheda 'kAlavAda' kI bhAratIya paramparA meM gaharI jar3e hone ke saMketa karate haiN| Agama-TIkAoM meM kAlavAda kA svarUpa Agama-TIkAoM meM prakAzita kAlavAda ke svarUpa para vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| zIlAMkAcArya AcArAMga sUtra kI TIkA meM kahate haiM "kAlata iti kAla eva vizvasya sthityutpttiprlykaarnnm| uktaM ca- 'kAla: pacati bhUtAni kAlaH saMharate prjaaH| kAla: supteSu jAgarti kAlo hi durtikrmH|' sa cAtIndriyaH yugapaccirakSiprakriyAbhivyaGgyo himoSNavarSAvyavasthAhetuH kSaNalavamuhUrtayAmAhorAtramAsartu-ayana- saMvatsarayugakalpapalyopamasAgaropamotsarpiNya- vsrpinniipudglpraavrtaatiitaanaagtvrtmaansrvaaddhaadivyvhaarruupH|"112 kAla hI vizva kI sthiti-utpatti-pralaya meM kAraNa hai| kahA gayA hai- kAla bhUtoM ko pakAtA hai, kAla prajA kA saMhAra karatA hai| sabhI ke sone para bhI kAla jAgatA hai, kyoMki kAla atikramaNIya nahIM hai| vaha (kAla) atIndriya hai, yugapat-cira-kSipra kriyAoM se abhivyaMjita hotA hai| sardI, garmI aura varSA kI vyavasthA kA hetu hai| kSaNa, lava, muhUrta, yAma, ahorAtra, mAsa, Rtu, ayana (6 mAsa), varSa, yuga, kalpa, palyopama,

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96 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa sAgaropama, utsarpiNI, avasarpiNI, pudgala-parAvartana, atIta, anAgata, vartamAna, sarva addhAdi kAla vyavahAra rUpa haiN| nandIsUtra ke TIkAkAra malayagiri ne kAlavAda ko isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai "kAlavAdinazca nAma te mantavyA ye kAlakRtameva sarva jagat mnynte| tathA ca te AhuH- na kAlamantareNa campakAzokasahakArAdivanaspatikusumodgamaphalabandhAdayo himakaNAnuSaktazItaprapAtanakSatragarbhAdhAnavarSAdayo vA RtuvibhAgasaMpAditA bAlakumArayauvanavalipalitagamAdayo vA'vasthAvizeSA ghaTante, pratiniyatakAlavibhAga eva teSAmupalabhyamAnatvAt, anyathA sarvamavyavasthA bhavet na caitad dRSTamiSTaM vaa| api ca mudgapaktirapi na kAlamaMtareNa loke bhavaMtI dRshyte| kiMtu kAlakrameNa anyathA sthAlIdhanAdisAmagrIsaMparkasaMbhave prathamasamayo'pi tasyAbhAvaprasaMgo na ca bhavati, tasmAt yatkRtakaM tatsarva kAlakRtaM iti|"113 kAlavAdI ve haiM- jo samasta jagata ko kAlakRta hI mAnate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki caMpaka, azoka, sahakAra Adi vanaspati, phUloM kA laganA, phaloM kA pakanA, himakaNa saMyukta zIta kA par3anA, nakSatroM kA ghUmanA, garbha kA dhAraNa karanA, varSA kA honA- yaha saba kAla ke binA nahIM hote haiN| SaT RtuoM meM hone vAlI avasthAe~ tathA bAla, yuvA evaM vRddha Adi kI avasthAe~ bhI binA kAla ke saMbhava nahIM hotI haiN| pratiniyata kAla meM hI una-una ghaTanAoM yA avasthAoM kI prApti hotI hai, ina sabakA kAla hI niyaMtA hai| kAla ko niyaMtA nahIM mAneMge to kisI bhI vastu kI ThIka vyavasthA nahIM ho sakegI, jo ki dRSTa evaM iSTa nahIM hai| yadi koI puruSa maMga rAMdhatA hai to ve bhI binA kAla ke nahIM rAMdhe jAte haiM, anyathA hAMDI, IdhanAdi sAmagrI ke saMyoga se prathama samaya meM hI mUMga raMdha jaate| isalie jo kucha hotA hai, vaha kAlakRta hI hai| siddhasenasUri, haribhadasUri Adi ke granthoM meM kAlavAda Agama ke atirikta anya jaina dArzanika granthoM meM bhI kAlavAdiyoM ke saMbaMdha meM ullekha prApta hotA hai| pA~cavIM zatI ke AcArya siddhasena ne 'sanmatitarka prakaraNa' meM vibhinna vAdoM kA jo ekAnta mAnyatA ke poSaka the, upasthApana kiyA hai tathA bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA sthApita tattvadarzanoM ke samanvayaka anekAnta siddhAnta ke mAdhyama se ina vibhinna matoM ko ekatA ke sUtra meM pirone kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| anekAMta dRSTi se ina aikAntika vAdoM kA samanvaya hokara nayA rUpa pAThakoM ke samakSa prastuta huA hai| isI zRMkhalA meM unhoMne kArya-kAraNa kI bhedAbhedAtmakatA kI carcA karate hue 'kAraNapaMcaka' kA pratipAdana kiyA hai

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kAlavAda 97 kAlo sahAva NiyaI puvakayaM purise kaarnnegNtaa| micchattaM te ceva u samAsao huMti smmtt|| isameM kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma evaM puruSArtha kA ekAnta rUpa mithyA tathA samavAya rUpa samyak kahA hai|14 isa kAla rUpI kAraNa kI ekAnta mAnyatA hI kAlavAda hai| isa grantha para TIkA karate hue abhayadevasUri ne kAlavAda Adi kI mAnyatAoM kA vistAra se nirUpaNa kara usakA vibhinna tarko se khaNDana kiyA hai| zAstravArtA samuccaya meM dArzanika haribhadra sUri (AThavIM zatI) ne anya matoM kI carcA kA prArambha karate hue kahA hai- "kAlAdInAM ca kartRtvaM manyante'nye pravAdinaH '115 kAlavAdI, svabhAvavAdI Adi anya matAvalambI kAla, svabhAva Adi ko asAdhAraNa rUpa se kArya kA hetu yA kAraNa svIkAra karate haiN| kAlavAda ko puSTa karane vAle vibhinna zloka yahA~ prastuta hai 16 na kAlavyatirekeNa grbhkaalshubhaadikm| yatkiMcijjAyate loke tadasau kAraNaM kil||53|| kiMca kAlAdvate naiva mudgpktirpiikssyte| sthAlyAdisaMnidhAne'pi tataH kAlAdasau mtaa||55|| kAlAbhAve ca garbhAdi sarva syaadvyvsthyaa| pareSTahetusadbhAvamAtrAdeva tdudbhvaat||56|| garbha kA prasava aura zubha-azubha Adi arthAt svarga narakAdi sabhI kAla kI apekSA rakhate haiN| loka meM ghaTAdi jo kucha bhI hotA hai vaha kAla se atirikta nahIM hotA yAnI yaha kAla hI nizcita rUpa se kAraNa hai||53|| sthAlI (tapelI) aura agni kA saMyoga hone para bhI mUMga kI dAla kA paripAka ucita kAla Ane taka nahIM hotaa| ata: mUMga-pAka kisI anya hetu se utpanna na hokara kevala kAla se hI utpanna hotA hai||55|| kAlavirodhI paramatAvalambI santAnotpatti meM mAtA-pitA ke saMyoga mAtra ko hI kAraNa svIkAra kareMge to tatkAla santAna ke janma kA prasaMga utpanna ho jaayegaa| ata: kAla ke kArya kA asAdhAraNa kAraNa mAnanA ucita hai| kAlavAda ko padya ke rUpa meM Adhunika kAlIna AcArya tilokaRSi ne isa prakAra prastuta kiyA hai

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98 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa kAlavAdI kahe kAlavaza hai sakala dravya, kAla hI teM nahIM hota pUta mAta tAta ko| nArI garbha dhare puni kAlateM prasaveM putra, kAla hI teM bole cAle kAla kara bAta ko| kAlathI javAna vaya kAla hI teM buddha hoya, kAlahI te marajAta nAza hoya gAta ko| kAla hI te naraka tiryaca nara suragata, kAla hI te marakara bhrame jAta jAta ko| kAla hI te sarapiNI utasarapiNI kAla, kAla hI te ArAhI ko bhAva bhAMta-bhAMta ko| kAle jina cakravartI vAsudeva baladeva, behu rIta kAla cakra bhinna dina rAta ko||17 jaina dArzanikoM dvArA kAlavAda kA upasthApana evaM nirasana mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa dvArA upasthApana evaM nirasana mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa (5vIM zatI) ne dvAdazAranayacakra ke dvitIya ara meM kAlavAda kI carcA kI hai| unhoMne 'vidhividhi' nAmaka isa ara meM mImAMsaka mata veda ke aprAmANya asatkAryavAda Adi kA pratipAdana karane ke anantara niyativAda, kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda Adi kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| niyativAda kA khaNDana karate hue unhoMne kAlavAda ko upasthApita kiyA hai| kAlavAda kA upasthApana- cetana, acetana, pRthvI, udaka, agni, pavana, vanaspati Adi padArtha anAdi ananta rUpa se vartana karate haiN| unakA kalanAtmaka svarUpa bhUyaH bhUyaH parivartita hotA hai| atIta-anAgata aura vartamAna svarUpa vAlA eka kUTastha nitya lakSaNa yukta kalanAtmaka kAraNa kAla hai| ise dhruvAdi sarva nitya lakSaNa bhI kahA hai| yaha kalana do prakAra kA hai- eka to hamAre jaise asarvajJoM ke lie hai, jo anumAna mAtra se gamya hai evaM paryAya mAtra se avivikta rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra binA nApa ke koSThAgAra meM bhare hue dhAnya ke saMbaMdha meM kahA jAya ki yaha dhAnya eka lAkha ghar3e jitanA hogA, isI prakAra hamAre dvArA vaha kAla atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna ke

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kAlavAda 99 vartana se jAnA jAtA hai| kalana kA dUsarA svarUpa sarvajJoM ke lie hai jo pratyeka samaya meM hone vAlI vartanA ko jAnatA hai|118 vaha kAla vartanA svarUpa samAnAdhikaraNa se yukta hotA huA, vartanA svarUpa sAmAnya ko nahIM tyAgatA huA bhUta-vartamAna aura bhaviSya nAmaka vyapadeza ko prApta karatA hai|119 vartanA ke abAdhita hone se evaM vyApaka hone se anya kAraNa kI apekSA nahIM hai| binA dUsare kAraNa ke svayaM kAla hI kArya-kAraNa vRtti se parivartana karane meM samartha hai| yaha kAla vRtti anAdi hai| anAdi vartanA ke kAraNa yaugapadya evaM krama donoM ghaTita hote haiN| pRthvI, ambu, vAyu, AkAza, puruSa Adi yugapat (eka sAtha) milakara loka kahalAte haiM evaM ye anAdi haiN| isa prakAra inameM yugapad bhAva hai| inakI pratisamaya hone vAlI paryAya krama se hotI hai| isalie inameM kramabhAva bhI hai| ekAnta kAlavAda ko prastuta karate hue mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ne kahA hai kAla eva hi bhUtAni, kAlaH sNhaarsmbhvau| svapannapi sa jAgarti kAlo hi durtikrm|| 120 kAla hI bhUtoM ke rUpa meM vartana karatA hai, utpatti aura saMhAra kI kriyAe~ bhI kAla meM hotI hai| vaha kAla sotA huA jAgatA hai, kAla kA atikramaNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kAlavAda kA nirasana- trikAla kUTastha kAla meM paramArthataH kAraNakArya kA vibhAga nahIM ho sktaa| kAraNa-kArya kA vibhAga nahIM hone se sAmAnya evaM vizeSa vyavahAra kA abhAva rahatA hai| vyavahAra kA pratyAkhyAna hone para arthAt kAla se sAmAnya-vizeSa kA vyavahAra na hone para kAla ke astitva kA anumAna nahIM ho sktaa| jisa prakAra pUrva-para Adi kAraNa-kArya ke vyavahAra kA abhAva hone se niyati saMbhava nahIM hotI, isI prakAra vyavahAra kA abhAva hone se kAla ko bhI kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa|121 haribhadrasUri dvArA upasthApana evaM khaNDana zAstravArtA samuccaya meM haribhadrasUri (8vIM zatI) ne prasaMgavaza anyamatoM kI carcA karate hue ekAnta kAlavAda Adi mAnyatAoM kA upasthApana kara usakA khaNDana kiyA hai| yahA~ kAlavAda kA maNDana evaM khaNDana abhipreta hai

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100 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa kAlavAda kA upasthApana- garbha kA janma ucita kAla ke abhAva meM nahIM hotA hai| jo yaha kahate haiM ki garbha ke janma meM garbha kI pariNata avasthA hI kAraNa hai to yaha ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki apariNata garbha kA janma bhI dekhA jAtA hai / zIta, uSNa, varSA Adi upAdhibhUta kAla bhI ucita kAla meM hI hote haiM kyoMki ina upAdhibhUta kAloM ke prati bhI kAla hI kAraNa hai| ataH zItasamaya meM grISma evaM varSAkAla yA grISmakAla meM zIta evaM varSAkAla nahIM hotA hai / 122 svarga yA naraka bhI samaya Ane para hI prApta hotA hai| yaha Adi karma sampanna ho jAne para bhI svarga usI samaya nahIM hotA, kintu yogyakAla upasthita hone para hI hotA hai| isI prakAra ghaTa Adi kArya bhI daNDa Adi kAraNa ke rahate hue bhI yogyakAla ke upasthita hue binA nahIM utpanna hote| isalie yaha satya hai ki kAla hI sabakA kAraNa hai, 'kAla se bhinna padArtha bhI kArya kA kAraNa hotA hai' yaha asatya hai kyoMki kAla se anya padArtha anyathAsiddha ho jAte haiN| 123 jaise sthAlI aura agni kA vilakSaNa saMyoga Adi kA sannidhAna hone para bhI mUMga kI dAla kA paripAka usa samaya taka nahIM hotA jaba taka usakA kAraNabhUta kAla upasthita nahIM ho jaataa| 124 kAla kArya ke prati avazyaklRpta niyata pUrvavartI hai, isalie ekamAtra vahI kArya kA kAraNa hai| kAraNa kahe jAne vAle anya padArtha avazyaklRpta - niyatapUrvavartI kAla se bhinna hone se anyathAsiddha haiN| ataH 125 kAla ko kArya kA yadi asAdhAraNa kAraNa na mAnA jAegA to garbha Adi sabhI kAryoM kI utpatti avyavasthita ho jAegI, kyoMki anyahetuvAdI kI dRSTi meM garbha ke hetu mAtA-pitA Adi haiN| ataH unakA sannidhAna hone para tatkAla hI garbha ke janma kI Apatti hogii| 126 koI zaMkA karatA hai ki kevala kAla hI yadi saba kAryoM kA kAraNa ho to eka kArya kI utpatti ke samaya sabhI kAryoM kI utpatti hogii| kyoMki eka kArya ko utpanna karane ke lie jo kAla sannihita hogA vahI saba kAryoM kA kAraNa hai| ataH usake sannidhAna se jaba eka kArya utpanna hogA to anya kAryoM ke prati usa kAla se bhinna kisI kAraNa ke apekSaNIya na hone se usI samaya sabhI kAryoM kI utpatti anivArya ho jaaegii|' 127 isa Apatti ke parihArArtha navya kAlavAdI tArkika tattat kArya ke prati tattat upAdhiviziSTa kAla ko kAraNa mAnate haiN| ve kAlavAda kI rakSA karate hue kahate haiM ki kSaNa svayaM atirikta kAla hai| kSaNa ko svataMtra kAla mAna lene para kArya-kAraNa bhAva mAnanA saMbhava ho jAtA hai| vartamAna kSaNa meM rahane vAle kArya meM pUrva kSaNa kAraNa

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kAlavAda 101 hotA hai isI prakAra vartamAna kSaNa ke kArya meM pUrva kSaNa ko kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai| idAnIm kSaNa: isa pratIti se kAlika AdhAra-Adheya bhAva kI siddhi hotI hai| ataH isa kArya-kAraNa bhAva ke anusAra tatkSaNa (vartamAna kSaNa) kA pUrvakSaNa tatkSaNa kA bhI kAraNa ho jAtA hai|128 khaNDana- yadi anya kAraNoM se nirapekSa kevala kAla se kAryotpatti svIkAra kI jAegI to amuka kArya kI utpatti ke samaya meM anya sabhI kAryoM kI bhI utpatti kI Apatti hogii| sAdhaka kAraNa ke sadbhAva tathA bAdhaka kAraNa ke abhAva hone para kAryotpatti sarvatra dRSTigocara hotI hai| kAla mAtra hI sabhI kAryoM kA sAdhaka kAraNa hai, aisA kAlavAdI mAnate haiN| kAla kI ekAnta kAraNatA svIkAra karane ke kAraNa kisI viziSTa kAryotpatti ke sAtha anya kAryotpatti kA prasaMga bhI upasthita ho jAtA hai| bAdhaka kAraNoM kI riktatA se anya kAryoM kI anutpatti meM koI yukti pratIta nahIM hotI hai|129 isake nivAraNArtha 'tatkSaNavRttikArye tatpUrvakSaNahetutvAbhidhAnAd' hetu diyA jAtA hai| jisakA tAtparya hai ki tatkSaNavRttikArya ke prati tatkSaNa kA pUrvakSaNa kAraNa hai| yaha hetu bhI ucita nahIM hai kyoMki jaba kAlamAtra hI kAraNa mAnA jAegA taba sabhI kAryoM meM tatkSaNavRttitva kI Apatti hogii| isa prakAra eka hI kAraNa se vibhinna prakAra ke kAryoM kA vibhinna samayoM meM utpanna honA saMbhava nahIM hai| 30 ekamAtra kAla ko kAraNa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki kAla ke samAna hone para bhI kArya samAna nahIM dekhA jaataa| isalie vicakSaNa puruSoM ke dvArA anya hetu ko apekSita mAnA jAtA hai|31 kAla ko hI kAraNa mAnane para jahA~ miTTI nahIM hai, vahA~ bhI ghar3e kI utpatti hogI arthAt tantu Adi se bhI ghaTa kI utpatti hone lgegii| isalie kAla ke sAtha deza Adi kI bhI niyAmakatA mAnanI caahie| kintu deza Adi ko kAraNa mAnane para kAlavAda kA siddhAnta khaNDita ho jAtA hai| ghaTa yadi kAla mAtra se janya mAnA jAegA to mRda se ajanya hone ke kAraNa miTTI meM bhI usakI avRtti ho jAegI kyoMki yaha vyApti hai- jo jisase janya nahIM hotA vaha usameM avRtti hotA hai|32 ghaTa meM mRd avRttitva kA ApAdaka mRd ajanyatva hai isakA tAtparya hai ki ghaTa mRd se nahIM banA hai jabaki ghar3A miTTI se banatA huA dekhA jAtA hai| isa prakAra kAla anya kAraNoM se nirapekSa hokara kArya kA janaka nahIM hotaa| zIlAMkAcArya dvArA upasthApita pUrvapakSa evaM usakA khaNDana zIlAMkAcArya (9-10vIM zatI) ne sUtrakRtAMga kI TIkA meM kAlavAda kI mAnyatA ko sthApita kara usakA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai

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102 jainadarzana meM kAraNa- kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa kAlavAda kA pUrvapakSa- kAla ke binA campaka, azoka, sahakAra Adi vanaspatiyoM meM kusumodgama, phalabandha Adi nahIM hote / Rtu-vibhAga se hI hima- kaNoM se yukta zIta kA prapAta hotA hai, nakSatroM kA parivartana hotA hai, varSA garbhAdhAna Adi kArya sampanna hote haiN| pratiniyata kAla vibhAga meM hI bAlya, kaumArya, yauvana aura vRddhAvasthAoM kA Agamana hotA hai| isa prakAra kAla se hI samasta vyavasthA saMbhava hotI hai, yahI nahIM saMsAra meM mUMgoM kA pakanA bhI kAla ke binA nahIM hotA hai kintu kAla krama se hI yaha saMbhava hotA hai| anyathA sthAlI, IMdhana Adi sAmagrI kA samparka hone ke prathama samaya meM hI mUMga paka jAne caahie| isalie jo bhI kArya hai, vaha saba kAlakRta hai| yadi kAla ko kAraNa na mAnA jAe to anya iSTa hetuoM ke sadbhAva mAtra se kArya sampanna ho jAnA cAhie, jabaki aisA hotA nahIM hai / vanitA evaM puruSa ke saMyoga mAtra se garbha Adi kI utpatti nahIM hotI hai apitu usameM kAla kI apekSA rahatI hai| isalie kahA hai kAlaH pacati bhUtAni kAlaH saMharate prajAH / kAlaH supteSu jAgarti, kAlo hi duratikramaH / / arthAt kAla hI pRthvI Adi bhUtoM kA paripAka yA pariNamana karatA hai| kAla hI jIvoM ko pUrva paryAya se pracyavita kara anya paryAya meM sthApita karatA hai / kAla hI logoM ke so jAne para Apatti se rakSA karatA hai| isalie kAla kA apAkaraNa karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| , 133 kAlavAda kA khaNDana jaina- jo kAlavAdI saba kucha kAlakRta mAnate haiM, unase prazna hai ki kAla kyA eka svabhAvI, nitya aura vyApaka hai? athavA samayAdi rUpa se pariNamana karatA hai? unameM yadi prathama pakSa svIkAra kiyA jAe to vaha anucita hai, kyoMki ekasvabhAvI nitya evaM vyApaka kAla kA grAhaka koI pramANa nahIM hai| pratyakSa pramANa se aisA kAla nahIM jAnA jAtA hai| anumAna pramANa se bhI avinAbhAvI liMga ke abhAva meM aise kAla kA bodha nahIM hotaa| 134 kAlavAdI - kAla ke avinAbhAvI liMga kA abhAva nahIM hai, kyoMki bharata cakravartI rAmAdi meM pUrvApara vyavahAra dekhA jAtA hai| yaha pUrvApara vyavahAra vastu ke svarUpamAtra se nahIM hotA kyoMki vartamAna kAla meM vastu kA svarUpa to vidyamAna hai, kintu pUrvApara kA vyavahAra nahIM hotA hai| isalie jisa nimitta se bharata, rAma Adi meM pUrvApara kA vyavahAra hotA hai, vaha kAla hai| pUrva kAla meM hone ke kAraNa bharata cakravartI meM pUrva kA vyavahAra hotA hai tathA rAmAdi ke apara kAla meM hone ke kAraNa rAmAdi meM apara vyavahAra hotA hai| 135

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kAlavAda 103 jaina - bharata, rAmAdi meM pUrvApara kA vyavahAra pUrva evaM apara kAla ke yoga se hotA hai to svayaM kAla meM pUrvApara vyavahAra kaise hotA hai? yadi anya kAla ke yoga se usa kAla meM pUrvApara vyavahAra hotA hai to aisA mAnanA ucita nahIM, kyoMki phira usa kAla ke pUrvApara vyavahAra ke lie anya kAla ko kAraNa mAnanA hogA / punaH usa anya kAla ke pUrvApara vyavahAra ke lie dUsarA kAla kAraNa mAnanA hogaa| isa prakAra anavasthA doSa kI sthiti utpanna ho jAegI / 136 kAlavAdI - kAla meM svayaM hI pUrvatva aura aparatva svIkAra kie jAe to yaha doSa utpanna nahIM hogA, jaisA ki kahA hai pUrvakAlAdiyogI yaH pUrvAdivyapadezabhAk / pUrvAparatvaM tasyApi svarUpAdeva nAnyataH / / arthAt jisakA pUrvakAla se saMbaMdha hotA hai, usakA pUrva se vyapadeza hotA hai tathA jisakA apara kAla se saMbaMdha hotA hai usakA apara se vyapadeza hotA hai| kAla kA pUrvAparatva svarUpa se hI mAnA gayA hai, anya kisI hetu se nahIM / 137 jaina- kAlavAdiyoM kA yaha kathana AkaNTha pIta madirA ke pazcAt hone vAle pralApa kI bhA~ti hai, kyoMki ekAnta se eka, vyApI, nitya, kAla ko svIkAra karane para usameM pUrvatva - aparatva vyavahAra kaise saMbhava hai| 138 kAlavAdI - sahacArI ke samparka ke kAraNa se eka kAla meM bhI pUrva - apara Adi ke vyapadeza ko svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| udAharaNa ke lie sahacArI bharata Adi pUrva hai aura rAma Adi apara haiN| isalie unake samparka ke kAraNa kAla meM bhI pUrvApara kA vyapadeza ho jAtA hai| jaise ki maMcastha puruSoM ke samparka se 'maMcAH krozanti' prayoga ho jAtA hai| 139 jaina- kAlavAdiyoM kA yaha kathana bhI mUrkhoM kA pralApamAtra hai kyoMki isase itaretarAzraya doSa kA prasaMga AtA hai| sahacArI bharata Adi kA pUrvatva kAlagata- pUrvatva Adi ke yoga se hotA hai tathA kAla kA pUrvatva sahacArI bharata Adi meM vidyamAna pUrvatva Adi ke yoga se hotA hai to eka kI siddhi dUsare kI siddhi para nirbhara karane ke kAraNa itaretarAzraya doSa spaSTa hai| isa prakAra kAla ko eka svabhAvI, nitya aura vyApI mAnane kA pakSa zreyAn 140 nahIM hai|

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104 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa dvitIya pakSa bhI anucita hai| kyoMki samaya Adi ke rUpa meM pariNamanazIla kAla vizeSa meM bhI phala kI bhinnatA dekhI jAtI hai| udAharaNa ke lie samAna kAla meM koI mUMga pakatA hai aura koI nahIM pakatA hai| isI prakAra eka hI kAla meM eka hI rAjA kI sevA kie jAne para eka sevaka ko tatkAla phala mila jAtA hai tathA dUsare ko kAlAntara meM milatA hai| isI prakAra eka hI samaya meM kie gae kRSi Adi karma meM eka kRSaka ke paripUrNa dhAnya sampadA utpanna hotI hai, dUsare ke nyUna hotI hai aura kisI ke nahIM hotI hai| isalie yadi kAla hI mAtra kAraNa ho to sabake eka kAla meM samAna rUpa se mUMgoM ke pakane Adi phala kI prApti honI cAhie, kintu aisA nahIM hotA hai| isalie vizva kI vicitratA kAlamAtra kRta nahIM hai| kintu kAlAdi sAmagrI sApekSa evaM jIvAdi ke karma-nibandhana Adi se vizva kI vicitratA banatI hai|141 yahA~ yaha dhyAtavya hai ki anekAnta siddhAnta ko mAnane ke kAraNa syAdvAdI jainAcAryoM ko bhI kAla kI kAraNatA abhISTa hai, kintu usakI ekAnta kAraNatA mAnya nahIM hai| jainoM ke dvArA ekamAtra kAla ko kAraNa nahIM svIkAra kiyA gayA, apitu jagata kI vicitratA meM karma ko bhI kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| 142 abhayadevasUri dvArA kAlavAda kA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana jainAcArya abhayadevasUri (10vIM zatI) ne siddhasenasUri (5vIM zatI) viracita sanmatitarka para tattvabodhavidhAyinI TIkA karate hue kAlavAda kA saMkSipta upasthApana karake jainamata se usakA yuktiyukta khaNDana kiyA hai| kAlavAda kA nirUpaNa ___ kAla hI ekAnta rUpa se jagat kA kAraNa hai, aisA kAlavAdI kahate haiN| kyoMki sardI, garmI, varSA, vanaspati, puruSa, jagat Adi sabhI kI utpatti, sthiti aura vinAza meM, do grahoM ke yoga meM, yuddha ke udaya hone meM, yuddha ke asta hone meM, gamana meM, Agamana Adi sabhI kAryoM meM kAla hI kAraNa hai| kyoMki anya sabhI abhimata kAraNoM ke hone para bhI kAla ke binA kArya kA abhAva rahatA hai tathA usake sadbhAva meM hI kArya hotA hai| jaisA ki mahAbhArata meM kahA gayA hai- "kAla bhUtoM ko paidA karatA hai, kAla prajA kA saMhAra karatA hai, sabake sone para kAla jAgatA hai arthAt sabake naSTa hone para bhI kAla rahatA hai| kAla ko koI nahIM laaNghtaa|"143 abhayadevasUri ne apanI TIkA meM kAlavAda kA khaNDana karate samaya kAlavAda ke pUrvapakSa ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki kAla nitya hai evaM ekarUpa hai| 'kAla' kAraNa kI sabhI kAryoM ke sAtha anvaya-vyatireka vyApti hotI hai| ata: jahA~-jahA~

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kAlavAda 105 kAla kAraNa hai, vahA~-vahA~ kArya ghaTita hote haiM tathA kAla ke abhAva meM koI kArya ghaTita nahIM hotA hai| nirasana abhayadevasUri ne kAla ko hI jagat kA ekamAtra kAraNa mAnane vAle kAlavAda ke nirasana meM aneka tarka die hai, yathA tatkAlasadbhAve'pi vRSTyAdeH kadAcidadarzanAt- kabhI-kabhI 'kAla' kAraNa ke upasthita hone para bhI kArya nahIM hotA hai| jaise ki kabhI varSAkAla meM varSA nahIM dekhI jaatii| abhayadevasari ke isa tarka ko vistAra se samajhane ke lie kahA jA sakatA hai ki zrAvaNa aura bhAdrapada ke mAha varSAkAla kahalAte haiN| cUMki kAlamAtra hI kArya kA kAraNa hai to jaise hI varSAkAla upasthita ho varSA prArambha honI cAhie, kintu aisA nahIM dekhA jaataa| zrAvaNa bhAdrapada mAha lagabhaga 60 dina-rAta taka calate haiN| ata: pUre dina-rAta varSA honI cAhie, kyoMki kAraNa upasthita hai| ina mahInoM meM kucha samaya varSA hotI hai tathA kucha samaya nahIM hotI hai aura kabhI-kabhI varSAkAla se atirikta kAla (asamaya) meM bhI varSA dekhI jAtI hai| ata: kAla ko hI ekamAtra kAraNa mAnanA anucita hai| 2- na ca tadabhavanamapi tadvizeSakRtameva, nityaikarUpatayA tasya vishessaabhaavaat| vizeSe vA tajjananA'jananasvabhAvatayA tasya nityatvavyatikramAt svabhAvabhedAd bhedasiddheH - jaba varSAkAla meM varSA nahIM hotI hai taba kAlavAdI kahate haiM ki kAla vizeSa hone para hI varSA hotI hai, kintu unakA yaha kahanA asaMgata hai kAraNa ki aisA mAnane para unake dvArA mAnya kAla kI nityatA aura ekarUpatA bAdhita ho jAtI hai| kAla kA kabhI vizeSa ho jAnA aura kabhI avizeSa raha jAnA usakI parivartanazIlatA ko prakaTa karatA hai| isa parivartanazIlatA se kAla kI nityatA to khaNDita hotI hI hai, ekarUpatA bhI khaNDita ho jAtI hai| kAla vizeSa ko svIkAra karane para kAla ko vibhinna svabhAvoM se yukta mAnanA hogaa| kisI kAla kA aisA svabhAva hogA ki vaha varSA ko utpanna karegA aura kisI kAla kA aisA svabhAva hogA ki vaha varSA utpanna nahIM kregaa| svabhAva-bhinnatA kAla ko anitya siddha karatI hai kyoMki nityatva svabhAva traikAlika hotA hai| traikAlika sAmAnya hotA hai aura vizeSa kAla ko svIkAra karane se kAla meM sAmAnya vizeSa kA bheda utpanna ho jAtA hai|

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106 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 3- na ca grahamaNDalAdikRto varSAdervizeSaH tasyApi ahetuktyaa'bhaavaat| na ca kAla eva tasya hetuH itaretarAzrayadoSaprasakteH-sati kAlabhede varSAdibhedahatorgrahamaNDalAderbhedaH tabhedAcca kAlabheda iti parisphuTamitaretarAzrayatvam - 'kAla vizeSa' kA hetu asiddha hone para kAlavAdI varSA ko grahamaNDalAdikRta kahate haiN| grahamaNDala Adi se yukta kAla vizeSa se varSA Adi kA yoga banatA hai to yaha mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki kAlavAda meM grahamaNDala Adi ahetu hai| grahamaNDala ko hetu svIkAra karane para itaretara Azraya doSa prasakta ho jAtA hai| kAraNa ki grahamaNDala kAla se janya hai aura yahA~ varSAkAla grahamaNDala se janya batAyA jA rahA hai| isa prakAra grahamaNDala kAla se aura kAla grahamaNDala se janya hokara eka-dUsare para svayaM kI utpatti ke lie Azrita ho jAte haiN| ataH spaSTa rUpa se itaretara Azraya doSa kA prasaMga AtA hai| 4- anyataH kAraNAd varSAdibhede na 'kAla eva ekaH kAraNaM bhavet' itybhyupgmvirodhH| kAlasya ca kutazcid bhedAbhyupagame anityatvamityuktam- 'kAla vizeSa' aura 'grahamaNDalAdi' donoM hetu asiddha hone para kAlavAdI do prakAra se apane mata ko puSTa kara sakate haiN| prathama to ve kAla ke sAtha kisI anya ko bhI kAraNa mAne, dvitIya meM kAla meM bheda svIkAra kre| kintu ve aisA bhI nahIM kara skte| varSA Adi ke hone meM kAla ke atirikta anya kAraNa mAneMge to svayaM kI mAnyatA meM virodha utpanna hogaa| kAla ko kArya vizeSa meM vibhAjita kareMge to kAla kI anityatA kA prasaMga utpanna hogaa| 5- tatra ca prabhava-sthiti-vinAzeSu yAparaH kAlaH kaarnnm| tadA tatrANi sa eva paryanuyoga ityanavasthAnAnna varSAdikAryotpattiH syaat| na caikasya kAraNatvaM yuktam kramayogapadyAbhyAM tadvirodhAt - ina sabake nirAkaraNa ke pazcAt kAlavAdiyoM ne pratyeka kArya ke lie pRthak-pRthak kAla kI kAraNatA svIkAra kii| prabhava-sthiti-vinAza ina tInoM kAryoM ke lie bhinna-bhinna kAla ko kAraNa maanaa| ata: varSA Adi kAryoM meM bhI aisI vyavasthA mAna lene para arthAt varSA ke hone meM alaga kAla kAraNa hai va varSA ke na hone meM alaga kAla kAraNa hai, bhI pUrvavat anityatA Adi doSa AyeMge aura kAlavAda kA siddhAnta sthira nahIM ho skegaa| eka kAla ko kAraNa mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki aisA mAnane para krama se evaM yugapad rUpa se

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kAlavAda 107 kArya meM virodha AtA hai| kAla ke dvArA kArya kI kramika utpatti hotI hai to pratyeka kArya ke lie kAla krama se kAraNa banegA, jisase kAla kI nityatA evaM ekarUpatA surakSita nahIM raha skegii| yadi kAla yugapad rUpa se kAryoM kI utpatti meM kAraNa banatA hai to sabhI kArya eka sAtha utpanna ho jAyeMge evaM dUsare kSaNa meM kAla akiMcitkara ho jaaegaa| yahI nahIM prabhava, sthiti evaM pralaya bhI bhinna kAla meM na hokara eka kAla meM hone lageMge, jisase jagat kI vyavasthA hI gar3abar3A jaaegii| isa prakAra kAla apane kAryoM ko utpanna karane meM krama se evaM yugapad donoM prakAra se hI asamartha hai| uparyukta hetuoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki jagat kA kAraNa ekamAtra kAla nahIM hai| jainadarzana meM kAla kA svarUpa ___ isa carAcara jagat ke svarUpa para vicAra karate hue AgamakAra ne uttarAdhyayana meM loka ko SaDdravyAtmaka kahA hai|144 SaDdravya meM dharma, adharma, AkAza, jIva aura pudgala ke sAtha 'kAla' kA bhI samAveza kiyA gayA hai| ata: kAla jainadarzana meM dravya ke rUpa meM mAnya hai| isake viparIta bhagavatI sUtra meM loka ko paMcAstikAya kahA hai aura paMcAstikAya meM kAla ke atirikta pA~coM dravya parigaNita hai| kAlaviSayaka do mata __kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnane ke saMbaMdha meM jaina dArzanika ekamata nahIM haiN| tattvArthasUtrakAra umAsvAti ne bhI 'kAlazcetyeke' sUtra ke dvArA isakA saMketa kiyA hai| digambara paramparA kAla ko svataMtra dravya mAnatI hai| AcArya kundakunda ne pravacanasAra 46 meM, pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi07 meM, bhaTTa akalaMka ne rAjavArtika 48 meM aura vidyAnanda svAmI ne tattvArthazlokavArtika' meM kAla ko pRthak dravya kahA hai| ___ zvetAmbara paramparA meM donoM prakAra kI mAnyatAe~ pracalita haiN| kucha jaina vicArakoM ne jIva aura ajIva dravyoM kI paryAyoM se pRthak kAla dravya kA svataMtra astitva svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| kintu isa mAnyatA meM doSa dekhate hue zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne kAla ke svataMtra dravya kI bhI siddhi kI hai| upAdhyAya vinayavijaya ne nimnAMkita AdhAra para kAla kI svataMtra dravya ke rUpa meM siddhi kI hai- 1. sUrya Adi kI gati ke AdhAra para 2. 'kAla' zabda ke zuddha prayoga se 3. samayAdi vizeSa ke prayoga se 4. kAla sAmAnya ke hone se 5. patra-puSpa-phala kI samAna kAla meM utpatti na hone se 6. vividha Rtu bheda Adi kI vivakSA se 7. vartamAna-bhUta-bhaviSya ke pRthak anubhava

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108 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa se 8. kSipra, cira, yugapad Adi zabdoM ke prayoga se tathA 9. Agama pramANa se kAla kI svataMtra dravya ke rUpa meM siddhi kI hai|5deg Agama meM pA~ca dravyoM kA nahIM SaD dravyoM kA ullekha milatA hai jisameM dharma-adharma-AkAza-pudgala aura jIva ke sAtha kAla kI bhI gaNanA kI gaI hai|51 kAla ke saMbaMdha meM ye mAnyatAe~ virodhI nahIM, kintu sApekSa haiN| nizcaya dRSTi se kAla jIva-ajIva kI paryAya hai aura vyavahAra dRSTi se vaha dravya hai| nizcaya dRSTi meM kAla ko svataMtra dravya mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kyoMki use jIva aura ajIva ke paryAya rUpa mAnane se hI sabhI kArya va sabhI vyavahAra saMpanna ho sakate haiN| samaya, AvalikA, muhUrta Adi rUpa kAla jIva-ajIva se pRthak nahIM haiM, unhIM kI paryAya hai| kAla dravya kI upayogitA ke kAraNa vyavahAra dRSTi meM use svataMtra dravya pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| vartanA, pariNAma, kriyA, paratva-aparatva Adi kAryoM ke kAraNa 'kAla' kI pRthak dravyatA siddha hotI hai| kAla ke bheda kAla kA vibhAjana vibhinna apekSAoM se prApta hotA hai| sarvArthasiddhi 52 Adi digambara granthoM meM nizcaya-vyavahAra ke rUpa se do bheda, sthAnAMga sUtra53 meM pramANAdi cAra bheda tathA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya54 meM nAma sthApanA Adi gyAraha bheda prApta hote haiN| inakA varNana lokaprakAza55 meM bhI prApta hotA hai| vartanA lakSaNa vAlA nizcaya kAla hai tathA dravyoM ke parivartana meM sahAyaka va pariNAmAdi lakSaNa vAlA vyavahAra kAla hai| samaya, avalikA yAvat sAgaropama kA vibhAga rUpa kAla pramANakAla; AyuSya ke anusAra narakAdi meM rahane kA kAla yathAyunivRttikAla; mRtyu kA samaya maraNakAla aura sUrya ke paribhramaNa se jJAta hone vAlA kAla addhAkAla hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM nAma-sthApanA-dravya-addhA-yathAyuSkaupakrama-deza-kAla-pramANa-varNa- bhAva ina gyAraha kAla-bhedoM meM se nAma va sthApanA kAla kA ullekha mAtra hai tathA zeSa nau kAla-bheda kA vistAra se varNana hai| kAla kA anastikAyatva evaM apradezAtmakatva ekapradezI dravya hone se kAla anastikAya hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne kevala unhIM dravyoM ko astikAya kahA hai, jinakA tiryak pracaya yA bahuAyAmI vistAra hai| kAla meM Urdhva-pracaya yA eka AyAmI vistAra hai, ata: use astikAya nahIM mAnA gayA hai| lokAkAza ke pratyeka pradeza para kAlANu sthita hai, kintu pratyeka kAlANu apane Apa meM

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kAlavAda 109 eka svataMtra dravya hai, ve paraspara nirapekSa haiN| snigdha evaM rUkSa guNa ke abhAva ke kAraNa unameM baMdha nahIM hotA hai arthAt unake skandha nahIM banate haiN| skandha ke abhAva meM unameM pradeza pracayatva kI kalpanA saMbhava nahIM hai, ata: vaha astikAya dravya nahIM hai| kAla meM anastikAyatva ke sAtha apradezAtmakatva bhI hotA hai| ataH pravacanasAra meM kundakundAcArya kahate haiM-'Nasthi padesa tti kAlassa56 kAla ke pradeza nahIM hai arthAt kAla eka pradezI hone se apradezI hai| kAla dravya se hI nahIM apitu paryAya se bhI apradezI hai aura paryAya rUpa meM bhI pudgala kI bhA~ti anekapradezIpanA nahIM hai kyoMki asaMkhyAta kAladravya paraspara antara ke binA samasta lokAkAza meM phailA huA hai| isakA phailAva pratyeka AkAza pradeza meM eka-eka kAlANu ke rUpa meM hai| ye kAlANu snigdha-rukSa guNa ke abhAva ke kAraNa ratnoM kI rAzi kI bhA~ti pRthak-pRthak hI rahate haiM, pudgala paramANuoM kI bhA~ti paraspara milate nahIM hai| jaba pudgalaparamANu AkAza ke eka pradeza ko manda gati se ullaMghana karatA hai taba usa pradeza meM rahane vAlA kAlANu usameM nimittabhUta rUpa se rahatA hai| isa prakAra pratyeka kAlANu pudgalaparamANu ke eka pradeza taka ke gamana paryaMta hI sahakArI rUpa se rahatA hai, adhika nhiiN| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki kAla paryAya se bhI aneka pradezI nahIM hai| kAla kI anantasamayarUpatA kAla ananta samayoM kA samUha hai, isa saMbaMdha meM sabhASyatattvArthAdhigama , sUtra meM kahA hai- "kaalo'nntsmyH| tatraika eva vrtmaansmyH| atiitaanaagtyostvaanntym|| '57 yahA~ ananta zabda saMkhyAvAcI hai aura samaya zabda pariNamana ko prakaTa karatA hai| ataeva kAla dravya ananta pariNAmI hai| vartamAna pariNamana yA samaya eka hai aura atIta-anAgata samaya ananta hai| kAla ananta paryAyoM kI vartanA kA hetu hone se ananta samaya vAlA kahA gayA hai| eka-eka kAlANu zakti bheda se ananta paryAyoM kA pariNamana karAtA hai| vyavahAra se bhI ananta zakti vAle kAla dravya ko ananta samaya vAlA kahA jA sakatA hai| dravya se vaha lokAkAza ke pradezoM ke barAbara hone ke kAraNa asaMkhyeya hotA hai| lokAkAza ke bAhara kAlANuoM kA abhAva hotA hai| jainadarzana meM kAla kI kAraNatA sampUrNa jagat kI paryAyoM kA kAraNa kAla hai| jainAgamoM meM jagat SaDdravyAtmaka mAnA gayA hai tathA SaDdravyoM ke parivartana kA AdhAra kAla hai| isakA pratipAdana gommaTasAra kI nimnalikhita gAthA se hotA hai

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110 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa vattaNahedU kAlo vattaNaguNamaviya dvvnnicyesu| kAlAdhAreNeva ya vaTTati hu svvdvvaanni|| 158 vartanA hetu vAlA kAla hai| dravyoM meM parivartana guNa hote hue bhI kAla ke AdhAra se sarva dravya vartate haiN| "yathAkAzadravyAm azeSadravyANAmAdhAraH svasyApi, tathA kAlavyaM pareSAM davyANAM pariNatiparyAyatvena sahakArikAraNaM svasyApi" 159 / / AkAza sabhI dravyoM kA AdhAra hone ke sAtha svayaM kA bhI AdhAra hai, usI prakAra kAla sabhI dravyoM ke pariNamana meM sahakArI kAraNa hone se sadRza svayaM ke bhI pariNamana meM sahAyaka hai| jaise-dIpaka ghaTa-paTa Adi anya padArthoM kA prakAzaka hone para bhI svayaM apane ApakA prakAzaka hotA hai| sabhI dravyoM meM utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya rUpa meM paryAya-pariNamana pratisamaya hotA rahatA hai| yaha paryAya do prakAra kI hotI hai- 1. svabhAva paryAya 2. vibhAva pryaay| svabhAva paryAya dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla, jIva evaM pudgala ina sabhI dravyoM meM hotI hai, kintu vibhAva paryAya jIva aura pudgala dravya meM hI hotI hai|| "jIvAnAM svabhAvaparyAyaM anantacatuSTayAtmakaM jJAnadarzanasukhavIryAtmakaM vibhAva paryAyaM krodhamAnamAyAlobharAgadveSAdikaM naranArakatiryagdevAdi rUpaM ca, pudgalAnAM svabhAvaparyAyaM rUparasagandhAdiparyAyaM vibhAvaparyAyaM dvayaNukatryaNukAdiskandhaparyantaparyAyaM karedi kArayati utpaadytiityrthH| sa ca nishcykaalH||"160 jIvoM kI jJAna-darzana-sukha-vIrya rUpa anantacatuSTaya Adi svabhAva paryAyeM haiM tathA krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha-rAga-dveSa aura nara-nAraka-tiryaka-deva Adi vibhAva paryAyeM haiN| pudgaloM kI rUpa-rasa-gaMdha Adi svabhAva paryAyeM haiM tathA dvayaNuka, tryaNuka Adi vibhAva paryAyeM haiN| vibhAva paryAya jIva aura pudgala dravya meM hI hotI hai kyoMki nimitta milane para ina donoM dravyoM meM vibhAva rUpa pariNamana hotA hai| yaha kAla Adi nimitta se hI saMbhava hai| svabhAva rUpa pariNamana sabhI dravyoM meM hotA hai| jIva-pudgala ke atirikta dravya dharma-adharma-AkAza-kAla meM svAbhAvika pariNamana kisa prakAra hotA hai, isako batAte hue svAmIkArtikeya likhate haiM

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kAlavAda 111 "dhammAdhammAdINaM agurulahugaM tu chahiM vivddddiihiN| hANIhiM vivaDato hAyaMto vaTTade jmhaa| yataH dharmAdharmAdInAmagurulaghuguNAvibhAgapraticchedAH svadavyatvasya nimittabhUtazaktivizeSAH SaDvRddhibhirvardhamAnAH SaDhAnibhizca hIyamAnAH prinnmnti| tataH kAraNAt tatrApi mukhyakAlasyaiva kAraNatvAt iti|" dharma-adharma Adi amUrta dravyoM meM agurulaghu guNa pAe jAte haiN| ina guNoM ke avibhAgI praticchedoM meM cha: prakAra kI hAni aura cha: prakAra kI vRddhi hotI rahatI hai| yahA~ bhI nizcayakAla hI kAraNa hai| ata: saba dravyoM meM hone vAle pariNamana meM kAla sahAyaka hai| jagata meM ghaTita hone vAle ina vibhinna kAryoM se bhI kAla kI kAraNatA kA bodha hotA hai| jaise-kAla dravya ke nimitta se kahIM koI rogI ho rahA hai, usI samaya koI nIroga ho rahA hai| kahIM para roga ko bar3hAne vAle kAraNa bana rahe haiM, anyatra vana meM roga ko naSTa karane vAlI auSadhiyA~ ho rahI haiN| kahIM jvAra ke aMkura hI nikale haiM, dUsare deza meM jvAra paka cukI hai| kisI sthAna para jyeSTha mAsa meM ugra saMtApa ho rahA hai, anyatra zIta pradezoM meM zIta par3a rahI hai| saMsArI jIva ke karmabaMdha meM bhI kAla kAraNa hai aura usI samaya muktagAmI jIva ke karmakSaya meM bhI kAraNakAla hai| vanaspati rUpa auSadhiyoM ko purAnI kara kAla dravya unakI zakti kA nAzaka ho jAtA hai aura makaradhvaja, candrodaya Adi rasa svarUpa auSadhiyoM ke purAne par3ane para unakI zakti kA vardhaka ho rahA hai| jIvana-maraNa, paNDita-mUrkha, yuvA-vRddha, yaza-apayaza Adi aneka prakAra ke viruddha kArya eka samaya meM hote hue dikha rahe haiN|61 manuSyoM meM bala, buddhi, dehamAna, Ayu pramANa Adi kI tathA pudgaloM meM uttama varNa, gaMdha Adi kI kramaza: hAni hone meM avasarpiNI kAla kAraNa hotA hai, to vahIM utsarpiNI kAla kI kAraNatA se punaH isameM vRddhi hone lagatI hai| loka prakAza meM chaH RtuoM ke parivartana meM kAla kI kAraNatA nirUpita kI hai|62 ___ ata: jagat meM saMpAdita hone vAle sabhI kAryoM meM kAla sAmAnya rUpa se kAraNa hai| yaha uparyukta sabhI kAryoM meM dRSTigocara ho rahA hai| kintu kucha aise kArya haiM, jinameM kAla viziSTa kAraNa hotA hai| jaise-vartanA, pariNAma, kriyA, prtv-aprtv| vizeSa kAraNatva se ye kArya 'kAla ke kArya' ke nAma se jagat meM prasiddha haiN| jainadarzana meM mAnya kAla ke kArya jagat meM kAlakRta vibhinna upakAra yA kArya hai| inhIM ko sUtrabaddha karate hue tattvArthasUtrakAra ne likhA hai- "vartanA pariNAmaH kriyA paratvAparatve ca kAlasya 163

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112 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 1. vartanA- 'vRtu vartane' se Ni pratyaya lagakara tacchIla artha meM yuc pratyaya ke yoga se vartana zabda banA hai| vartanazIla hI vartanA hai| pratyeka padArtha utpAda-vyayadhrauvya ke rUpa meM jo nirantara parivartanazIla hotA rahatA hai, vaha vartanA hai| vartanA ke saMbaMdha meM lokaprakAza meM kahA hai "davyasya paramANvAderyA tadrUpatayA sthitiH| navajIrNatayA vA sA vartanA prikiirtitaa|| 164 dravya kI aura paramANu Adi kI jo apane svarUpa meM sthiti hai athavA navInatA aura jIrNatA se unakI sthiti hai, use vartanA kahA gayA hai| jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma aura AkAza dravyoM kI vartanA bahiraMga kAraNa kI apekSA rakhatI hai aura unakA bahiraMga kAraNa kAla hai| jisa prakAra cAvaloM ke pakane meM bahiraMga kAraNa agni hai, usI prakAra jIva Adi dravyoM kI vartanA meM aura unakI sattA meM bahiraMga kAraNa kAladravya hai| yahI nahIM sUrya Adi gamana, Rtu-parivartana Adi meM bhI koI kAla kAraNa banatA hai|165 pratyeka kArya ke do kAraNa hote haiM- upAdAna kAraNa evaM nimitta kaarnn| upAdAna kAraNa meM dravya vizeSa svayaM apane kArya kA kAraNa hotA hai, jabaki nimitta kAraNa anya dravya yA padArtha huA karatA hai| yahA~ vartanA svarUpa kArya ke upAdAna kAraNa to dharma, adharma, AkAza, jIva evaM pudgala svayaM haiM, kintu nimitta yA bahiraMga kAraNa kAla hai| kAla ke vartana kA anya koI nimitta kAraNa nahIM hai| yadi usakI vartanA kA anya koI nimitta kAraNa mAnA jAya to anavasthA doSa kA prasaMga upasthita hogaa| vartanA svarUpa kArya ko yadi dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala evaM jIva kA hI kArya mAnA jAe to upAdAna kAraNoM kI bhinnatA hone se eka prakAra kA kArya honA saMbhava pratIta nahIM hotA hai| bhinna-bhinna upAdAna kAraNa bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke kAryoM ko janma dete haiM, eka prakAra ke kArya ko nhiiN| inake vartanA svarUpa eka kArya ke hone meM kAla ko nimitta kAraNa svIkAra karane para hI isa samasyA kA samAdhAna ho sakatA hai| ataH sabhI dravyoM kI vartanA meM kAla dravya kAraNa hai aura vartanA kAla ke kArya ke rUpa meM loka prasiddha hai| 2. pariNAma- "davyasya svajAtyaparityAgena prayogavinasAlakSaNo vikAraH pariNAma: vinsaaprinnaamonaadiraadimaaNshc|| 166 svakIya jAti kA parityAga kie binA dravya meM prayoga aura vinasA se vikAra A jAnA pariNAma hai| dravya

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kAlavAda 113 kA jIva ke prayatna se huA vikAra prayogasvarUpa pariNAma hai aura jIva-prayatnoM se nirapekSa anya antaraMga-bahiraMga kAraNoM se vinasA svarUpa pariNAma hotA hai| visrasA nAmaka pariNAma do prakAra kA hai- anAdi tathA aadi| dharma, adharma aura AkAza kA sahaja, svAbhAvika rUpa meM sadA se hone vAlA pariNAma anAdi hai, tathA inameM Adi pariNAma nahIM hotA hai| jIva aura pudgala meM Adi aura anAdi donoM vaisasika pariNAma hote haiN| yathA- jIva meM dravyatva, prameyatva, jIvatva ityAdi anAdi tathA aupazamika, kSAyika ityAdi Adi-pariNAma hai| pudgala meM loka kI racanA, sudarzana meru kI racanA, sUrya candramAoM kI racanA anAdi pariNAma haiM aura indradhanuSa, bAdala Adi pariNAma AdimAn haiN| inameM puruSaprayatna kI apekSA nahIM hai, isa kAraNa ye acetana pudgala dravya ke vainasika pariNAma kahe jAte haiN| prayogaja pariNAma meM padArthoM kI vibhinna prakAra kI pariNatiyA~ dRSTigocara hotI haiM, jaise-miTTI kI kumbha ke rUpa meM pariNati, suvarNa kI mukuTa-kalaza meM pariNati, dUdha kI dahI ke rUpa meM pariNati ityaadi| ina sabhI pariNAmoM meM kAla kI kAraNatA vyApta hai|167 3. kriyA- parispaMdAtmako dravyaparyAyaH sNprtiiyte| kriyA deshaaNtrpraaptiheturgtyaadibhedbhRt|| 168 dravya kI halana, calana Adi parispandAtmaka paryAyeM hI kriyA hai| yaha kriyA padArthoM ke prakRta deza se anya dezoM kI prApti meM kAraNa hai tathA gamana, bhramaNa, AkuMcana Adi bhedoM ko dhAraNa karatI hai| lokaprakAzakAra kriyA ko paribhASita karate hue likhate haiM bhUtatvavartamAnatva . bhvissytvvishessnnaa| yAnasthAnAdikAryAnAM yA ceSTA sA kriyoditaa|| 169 bhUtatva, bhaviSyatva aura vartamAnatva vizeSaNa vAlI, padArthoM kI gati, sthiti Adi ceSTAe~ kriyA kahalAtI hai| inake hone meM kAla kAraNa hai| ye tIna prakAra kI haiM1. prayoga gati 2. vinasA gati 3. mizra gti| jIva ke prayatna se hone vAlI kriyA prayogaja hai, jaise zarIra, AhAra, saMsthAna aadi| ajIva mAtra kI svataH kriyAnviti vilasA gati hai, jaise- bijalI kA giranA, tUphAna AnA aadi| jIva aura ajIva ke saMyoga se hone vAlI kriyA mizra kahalAtI hai| jaise-vastra kA bunanA, khetI karanA aadi| 4. paratva-aparatva- pUrvabhAvi paraM pazcAdbhAvi caaprmissyte| davyaM yadAzrayAdukte te prtvaaprtvke|| 170

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114 janadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa jo dravya pUrvabhAvI hotA hai vaha 'para' aura jo pazcAdbhAvI hotA hai vaha 'apr'| para-apara tIna prakAra kA hotA hai- 1. prazaMsAkRta 2. kSetrakRta 3. kaalkRt| isameM tRtIya bheda 'kAlakRta' hI kAla kA kArya hai| kAla ke kAraNa jyeSThatva aura kaniSThatva hotA hai| jaise-balarAma 10 varSa kA hai aura kRSNa 8 varSa kaa| ata: balarAma kRSNa se jyeSTha hai aura kRSNa balarAma se kaniSTha hai| niSkarSa bhAratIya cintana meM vibhinna kAryoM meM kAla kI kAraNatA svIkAra kI gaI hai| cira, kSipra, paratva-aparatva Adi meM hI nahIM kAla ko samasta kAryoM kA kAraNa bhI svIkAra kiyA gyaa| veda evaM purANa meM ise eka parama tattva ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA, jo sRSTi kA bhI kalayitA hai| atharvaveda meM ise prajApati svayaMbhU kazyapa Adi kI bhI utpatti kA kAraNa pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| zivapurANa meM vaha Izvara rUpa meM pratipAdita hai| kAlavAda ke anusAra ekamAtra kAla hI samasta kAryoM kA kAraNa hai| kAlavAda ke saMbaMdha meM koI svataMtra grantha upalabdha nahIM hai| isa siddhAnta ko lekara kisI grantha kI racanA kI gaI ho aisA bhI ullekha nahIM milatA ora na hI isa siddhAnta ke pravartaka kA nAmollekha milatA hai| kAlavAda kisI eka vyakti kI mAnyatA na hokara sAmUhika mAnyatA bana gaI thI, aisA pratIta hotA hai| kAlavAda kI mAnyatA ke saMbaMdha meM nimnAMkita zloka mahAbhArata, abhayadeva kI sanmatitarka TIkA, sUtrakRtAMga para zIlAMkAcArya kI TIkA haribhadra sUri viracita zAstravArtA samuccaya Adi granthoM meM milatA hai kAla: pacati bhUtAni, kAlaH saMharate prjaaH| kAlaH supteSu jAgarti, kAlo hi durtikrmH|| arthAt kAla hI pRthvI Adi bhUtoM kA pariNamana karatA hai| kAla hI prajA kA saMhAra karatA hai| kAla hI logoM ke so jAne para jAgatA hai isalie kAla kI kAraNatA anullaMghanIya hai| kAlavAda kI prAcInatA kA anumAna karanA kaThina hai| atharvaveda ke unnIsaveM kANDa ke 53-54 veM sUkta 'kAlasUkta' nAma se prasiddha haiN| ye kAla sakta hI kAlavAda ke udama ke srota pratIta hote haiN| inameM nihita kAla tattva kA hI vikAsa upaniSad, purANa, mahAbhArata, jyotirvidyA Adi meM huA hai|

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kAlavAda 115 nArAyaNa upaniSad meM kAla ko kisI apekSA se nArAyaNa kahA hai- kAlazca naaraaynnH|171 kAlavAdiyoM ke saMbaMdha meM ullekha gauDa pAda kArikA meM prApta hotA hai, vahA~ kahA hai- kAlAt prasUtiM bhUtAnAM manyante kaalcintkH|72 zvetAzvataropaniSad meM bhI jagat ke kAraNoM kI carcA meM kAla kA bhI kathana huA hai| ziva purANa meM kAlavAda kA siddhAnta sampUrNa rUpa meM abhivyakta huA hai kAlAdutpahAte sarva, kAlAdeva vipaate| na kAlanirapekSa hi kvacitkiMciddhi vidyaate||73 mahAbhArata meM kAla ko sAmAnya kAraNa tathA vizeSa kAraNa ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| kAlavAda kI mAnyatAoM kA mahAbhArata meM yatra-tatra paryApta ullekha samprApta hotA hai| yahI nahIM kAlavAda para mahAbhArata meM okSapa bhI kiyA gayA hai| isakA artha hai ki usa samaya mAtra kAla kI kAraNatA ke siddhAnta para prazna cihna khar3A hone lagA thaa| kAlavAda kA yadi vyavasthita evaM vikasita rUpa dekhanA ho to jyotirvidyA ke grantha isake nidarzana haiN| kyoMki jyotirvidyA kAlagaNanA para AdhArita vidyA hai| jisameM graha, nakSatroM ke sAtha kAla hI pramukha kAraNa ke rUpa meM aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai| ___ bhAratIya darzana kI vibhinna paramparAoM meM kAla ke svarUpa evaM usakI kAraNatA para vicAra huA hai| vaizeSika darzana meM kAla ko dravya ke rUpa meM sthApita kiyA gayA hai| use eka evaM nitya mAnate hue bhI bhUta-bhaviSya aura vartamAna kA vyavahAra svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| kAla ko vaizeSika darzana meM sAmAnya kAraNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| cira, kSipra, paratva-aparatva Adi meM use vizeSa kAraNa aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai| sAMkhya darzana cAra prakAra kI AdhyAtmika tuSTiyoM meM kAla ko tRtIya tuSTI ke rUpa meM aMgIkAra karate hae kahA gayA hai ki kAla kI apekSA rakhakara hI vivekakhyAti siddha hotI hai| vedAnta darzana meM naimittika pralaya meM kAla ko nimitta batAyA gayA hai| vyAkaraNa darzana meM ise amUrta kriyA ke pariccheda (mApana) kA hetu svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yoga darzana meM yaha kSaNa aura krama ke rUpa meM vivecita hai| vahA~ kSaNa ko vAstavika evaM krama kA AdhAra batAyA gayA hai| jaina vAGmaya meM bhI kAlavAda kI paryApta carcA huI hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne kAlavAda ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa karane ke sAtha usakA nirasana bhI kiyA hai| jainAgoM meM kAla ko eka dravya to pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai kintu kAlavAda kA pRthak rUpa se spaSTa ullekha nahIM milatA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM kathita 'IsareNa kaDe loe pahANAti

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116 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa tahAvare 174 paMkti ke 'pahANAti' zabda se vyAkhyAkAroM ne kAla kA bhI grahaNa kiyA hai / sUtrakRtAMga meM nirUpita, kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, vinayavAda aura ajJAnavAda kI vyAkhyA karate hue kriyAvAda aura akriyAvAda ke antargata kAlavAda ke kramazaH 36 evaM 14 bheda nirUpita kiye gaye haiM / zIlAMkAcArya ne AcArAMga sUtra kI TIkA meM kAlavAda kA svarUpa nirUpita karate hue kahA hai ki kAla hI vizva kI sthiti-utpatti aura pralaya meM kAraNa hai| vaha kAla atIndriya hai tathA yugapat, cira, kSipra kriyAoM se abhivyaMjita hotA hai| nandIsUtra ke TIkAkAra malayagiri ne kAlavAdI zabda kA spaSTa prayoga karate hue kahA hai- kAlavAdinazca nAma te mantavyA ye kAlakRtameva sarva jagat manyante / 175 kAlavAda ke anusAra kAla hI saba kAryoM kA kAraNa hai, usI se vyavasthA banatI hai| yadi koI puruSa mU~ga rAMdhatA hai to ve bhI binA kAla ke nahIM rAMdhe jAte haiN| anyathA hAMDI, IMdhana Adi sAmagrI ke saMyoga se prathama samaya meM hI mU~ga raMdha jAte / isalie jo kucha hotA hai vaha kAlakRta hI hai| siddhasena sUri ne kAraNapaMcaka ke antargata kAla ko prathama sthAna diyA hai| haribhadrasUri, abhayadevasUri Adi jainAcAryoM ne bhI kAlavAdI kI vizada vivecanA kI hai| mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa, haribhadrasUri, zIlAMkAcArya aura abhayadevasUri ne apanI kRtiyoM meM kAlavAda kA prasthApana kara usakA yuktiyukta nirasana kiyA hai| jaina dArzanikoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki kAla hI ekamAtra kAraNa nahIM hai, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma evaM puruSArtha kI bhI kAraNatA mAnanA apekSita hai| jainAcAryoM dvArA upasthApita pUrvapakSa meM 'kAlavAda' siddhAnta viSayaka navIna jAnakAriyA~ bhI abhivyakta huI hai 1 - kAla kArya ke prati avazyaklRpta niyata pUrvavartI hai, isalie ekamAtra vahI kArya kA kAraNa hai| kAraNa kahe jAne vAle anya padArtha avazyaklRptaniyatapUrvavartI kAla se bhinna hone se anyathAsiddha hai| 2- kAla ko kArya kA yadi asAdhAraNa kAraNa na mAnA jAyegA to garbhAdi sabhI kAryoM kI utpatti avyavasthita ho jaaegii| 3 - kAla nitya hai evaM eka rUpa hai| kAla kAraNa kI sabhI kAryoM ke sAtha anvaya- vyatireka vyApti hotI hai| ataH jahA~-jahA~ kAraNa hai vahA~-vahA~ ghaTita hote haiM tathA kAla ke abhAva meM koI kArya ghaTita nahIM hotA hai /

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kAlavAda 117 jainAcAryoM ne kAlavAda ke nirasana meM aneka prabala tarka die haiM1- mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa kahate haiM ki trikAla kaTastha kAla meM paramArthataH kAraNa-kArya kA vibhAga nahIM ho sktaa| kAraNa-kArya kA vibhAga nahIM hone se vyavahAra kI vyavasthA bhI nahIM bana sktii| 2- haribhadrasUri kA tarka hai yadi anya kAraNoM se nirapekSa kevala kAla se kAryotpatti svIkAra kI jAyegI to amaka kArya kI utpatti ke samaya meM anya sabhI kAryoM kI bhI utpatti kI Apatti hogii| 3- haribhadrasUri anya tarka dete haiM ki ekamAtra kAla ko kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki kAla ke samAna hone para bhI kArya samAna nahIM dekhA jAtA, isalie anya hetu bhI apekSita haiN| kAla ko hI kAraNa mAnane para jahA~ miTTI nahIM hai vahA~ bhI ghar3e kI utpatti hogii| 4- zIlAMkAcArya kA tarka hai ki eka svabhAvI, nitya evaM vyApaka kAla kA grAhaka koI pramANa nahIM hai| ve anya tarka meM kahate haiM ki yadi kAla hI ekamAtra kAraNa ho to samAna kAla meM sabhI kisAnoM ke khetoM meM mUMgoM ke pakane Adi kI samAna phala prApti honI cAhie, kintu aisA nahIM hotA hai| 5- abhayadeva sUri ke tarka mahattvapUrNa haiN| unakA tarka hai ki varSAkAla Adi kAla kAraNa ke hone para bhI varSA kA honA rUpa kArya nirantara nahIM cltaa| isase kAla kI nityatA evaM ekarUpatA bhI khaNDita hotI hai| sAtha hI kAla kA svabhAva bheda bhI prakaTa hotA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne 'paMca samavAya' siddhAnta meM pA~ca kAraNoM ke antargata kAla kI bhI kAraNatA svIkAra kI hai, kintu ve kAla kI ekAnta kAraNatA ko aMgIkAra nahIM karake anya kAraNoM kI bhI apekSA svIkAra karate haiN| saMdarbha 1. (i) mahAbhArata meM uparyukta zloka do bhinna zlokoM ke aMza kA sammilita rUpa hai; ve zloka nimna haiMkAlaH sRjati bhUtAni kAlaH saMharate prjaaH| saMharantaM prajAH kAlaM, kAla: zamayate punH|| kAlaH supteSu jAgarti kAlo hi durtikrmH| kAlaH sarveSu bhUteSu, caratyavidhRtaH smH||-aadiprv, prathama adhyAya, zloka 248, 250

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118 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. jainadarzana meM kAraNa- kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa (ii) sanmati tarka prakaraNa 3.52 para abhayadeva kI TIkA pR. 711 (iii) AcArAMga kI zIlAMka TIkA, 1.1.1.3 (iv) zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 54 7. 8. 9. (i) atharvaveda, kANDa 19, adhyAya 6, sUkta 53, maMtra 10 (ii) atharvaveda, kANDa 19, adhyAya 6, sUkta 54, maMtra 1 nArAyaNopaniSad, 2 zivapurANa, vAyu saMhitA (pUrvabhAga), zloka 16 zrI viSNu mahApurANa bhAga-prathama, prathama aMza, sRSTi prakriyA, pR. 9 11.32 zvetAzvataropaniSad, prathama adhyAya, zloka 2 bhagavad gItA, atharvaveda kANDa 19, adhyAya 6, sUkta 53 aura 54 kalAkASThAnimeSAdikalAkalita vigrhm| kAlAtmeti samAkhyAtaM tejo mAhezvaraM param / / - zivapurANa ( vAyusaMhitApUrvabhAga) 10. viSNoH svarUpAt parato hi te dve, rUpe pradhAnaM puruSasya vipra / tasyaiva te yena dhRte viyukte, rUpAntaraM tad dvija kAlasaMjJam // 11. kAlo azvo vahati saptarazmiH sahasrAkSo ajaro bhUriretAH / taM rohanti kavayo vipazcitastasya cakrA bhuvanAni vizvA || 14. 12. kAlo'mUM divamajanayat kAla imAH pRthivIruta / kAle ha bhUta bhavyaM ceSita ha vi tiSThate / - atharvaveda 19.6.53.5 13. kAle tapaH kAle jyeSTha kAle brahma samAhitam / kAlo ha sarvasyezvaro yaH pitAsIt prajApateH / - atharvaveda 19.6.53.8 kAla prajA asRjata kAlo agre prajApatim / svayambhUH kazyapaH kAlAt tapaH kAlAdajAyata / / - atharvaveda 19.6.53.10 15. kAlo ha bhUta bhavyaya ca putro ajanayat purA / kAlAdRcaH samabhavan yajuH kAlAdajAyata / - atharvaveda 19.6.54.3 - viSNupurANa 1/2/24 - atharvaveda kANDa 19, adhyAya 6, sUkta 53 maMtra 1

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16. kAlo yajJaM samairayaddavebhyo bhAgAmakSitam / 17. akSyupaniSad 24 uddhRta IzAdyaSTottarazatopaniSad 18. nArAyaNopaniSad 2 uddhata IzAdyaSTottarazatopaniSad kAle gandharvApsarasaH kAle lokAH pratiSThitA / / - atharvaveda 19.6.54.4 25. 19. kAlakalAnimeSamArabhya ghaTikASTayAmadivasa (vAra) rAtribhedena pakSamAsavayanasaMvatsara bhedena manuSyANAM zatAyuH kalpanayA prakAzamAnA cirakSiptavyapadezena nimeSamArabhya parArdhaparyantaM ckrvtprivrtmaanaa| - sItopaniSad kAlacakraM jagaccakramityAdiprakAreNa 20. mANDUkyakArikA, prathama prakaraNa, zloka 8 21. mANDUkyakArikA, dvitIya prakaraNa, zloka 24 22. zvetAzvataropaniSad prathama adhyAya, zloka 2 23. zvetAzvataropaniSad SaSTha adhyAya, zloka 1 24. kAlAdutpadyate sarva kAlAdeva vipadyate / na kAlanirapekSa hi kvacitkiMciddhi vidyate // 1 // kalA kASThAnimeSAdikalAkalitavigraham / kAlAtmeti samAkhyAtaM tejo mAhezvaraM param // 6 // 28. yo yuvA sa bhavedvRddho yo balIyAnsa durbalaH / kAlavAda 26. yasyAMzamayI zaktiH kAlAtmani mahAtmani / tato niSkramya saMkrAtA visRSTAgnerivAyasI // 8 // - zivapurANa, vAyu saMhitA (pUrva bhAga) ziva se kAlasvarUpa zakti kA kathana, zloka 1,6,8 prakAzaka - saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjAkutuba (vedanagara), barelI (u.pra.) 1975 27. apriyaizca priyaizcaiva hyaciMtitasamAgamaiH / sayoMjayati bhUtAni viyojayati ceshvrH||16|| yaH zrImAnso'pi niHzrIka kAlazcitragatirdvijAH / / 18 / / 29. nAkAlato'yaM mriyate jAyate vA nAkAlata puSTimarayAmupaiti / nAkAlataH sukhitaM duHkhitaM vA nAkAlika vstusmstikiNcit||22|| 119

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120 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa - zivapurANa, vAyu saMhitA (pUrva bhAga ) ziva se kAlasvarUpa zakti kA kathana, zloka 16,18,22 prakAzaka - saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjAkutuba (vedanagara), barelI (u.pra.) 1975 30. zivapurANa, vAyu saMhitA (pUrva bhAga), ziva se kAla svarUpa zakti kA kathana 31. parasya brahmaNo rUpaM puruSaH prathamaM dvija / vyaktAvyakte tathaivAnye rUpe kAlastathA param // viSNoH svarUpAt parato hi te'nye, rUpe pradhAnaM puruSazca vipra / tasyaiva te'nyena dhRte viyukte, rUpAntaraM yat tad dvija kAlasaMjJam // anAdirbhagavAn kAlo nAnto'sya dvija vidyate / avyucchinnAstatastvete sargasthityantasaMyamAH / guNasAmye tatastasmin pRthak puMsi vyavasthite / kAlasvarUparUpaM tad viSNormaitreya vartate / kAlasvarUpaM tadviSNomaitreya parivartate / - zrI viSNu mahApurANa bhAga- eka, prathama aMza, sRSTi prakriyA pR. 9-11, lekhikA - DaoN. zraddhA zuklA, nAga prakAzaka, 11 - e. yU. e., javAhara nagara, dillI- 110003 32. zrImad bhAgavata- tRtIya skandha, adhyAya 10, , zloka 10-11 33. zrImad bhAgavata - kI vaMzIdharI TIkA, tRtIya skandha, adhyAya 10, zloka 11 kI TIkA 34. (ka) mahAbhArata- zAMtiparva, paMcaviMzo'dhyAya, zloka 6 kA aMza (kha) mahAbhArata - Adi parva, prathamodhyAya, zloka 250 kA aMza 35. (ka) mahAbhArata anuzAsana parva, prathamodhyAya, zloka 53 (kha) mahAbhArata - Adi parva, prathamodhyAya, zloka 249 mahAbhArata- zAMti parva, ekAdazAdhikadvizatatamo'dhyAyaH, zloka 11 36. 37. pravRttayazca loke'smiMstathaiva ca nivRttayaH / tAsAM vikRtayo yAzca sarvaM kAlAtmakaM smRtm|| - mahAbhArata, anuzAsana parva, prathamo'dhyAya, zloka 54 38. AdityazcandramA viSNurApo vAyuH zatakratuH / agniH khaM pRthivI mitraH parjanyo vasavo'ditiH / 40. saritaH sAgarAzcaiva bhAvAbhAvau ca pnng| sarve kAlena sRjyante hriyante ca punaH punaH / / - mahAbhArata, anuzAsana parva, prathamo'dhyAya, zlo. 55-56 39. atItAnAgatA bhAvA ye ca vartanti sAmpratam, tAn kAlanirmitAn buddhvA na saMjJA hAtumarhasi / / - mahAbhArata, Adi parva, prathamo'dhyAya, zlo. 251 'kAlaH sRjati bhUtAni kAlaH saMharate prajAH ' * mahAbhArata, Adi parva, prathamo'dhyAya, zloka 248

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kAlavAda 121 41. 'ahamevAkSayaH kAlo dhAtAhaM vizvatomukhaH ' - mahAbhArata, udyoga parva 42. sAttvikA rAjasAzcaiva tAmasA ye ca kecana / bhAvAH kAlAtmakAH sarve pravartante ha jantuSu / / - mahAbhArata, anuzAsana parva, prathamodhyAya, zloka 52 43. kAlena zIghrAH pravahanti vAtAH kAlena vRSTirjaladAnupaiti / kAlena padmotpalavajjalaM ca, kAlyena puSyanti vaneSu vRkSAH || kAlena kRSNAzca sitAzca rAtrya:, kAlena candraH paripUrNabimba: / nAkAlataH puSpaphalaM drumANAM nAkAlavegAH sarito vahanti / / - mahAbhArata, zAMti parva, paMcavizo'dhyAya, zloka 8, 9 mRgadvipA: zailamRgAzca loke / nAkAlamattAH khagapannagAzca, nAkAlataH strISu bhavanti garbhA, nAyAntyakAle ziziroSNavarSAH / / 44. - mahAbhArata, zAMti parva, paMcavizo'dhyAya, zloka 10 45. nAkAlato mriyate jAyate vA nAkAlato vyAharate ca bAlaH / nAkAto yauvanamabhyupaiti nAkAlato rohati biijmuptm|| - mahAbhArata, zAMti parva, paMcavizo'dhyAya, zloka 11 46. mahAbhArata, zAMtiparva, paMcavizo'dhyAya, zloka 7 mahAbhArata, zAMtiparva, aSTAtriMzadadhikadvizatatamo'dhyAya, zloka 19 47. 48. etau dharmArthazAstreSu mokSazAstreSu carSibhiH * mahAbhArata, SaTtriMzadadhikazatatamo'dhyAya, zloka 23 49. mahAbhArata, zAMtiparva, ekonacatvAriMzadadhikazatatamo'dhyAyaH, 54, 56, 57 50. kAlo'smi lokakSayakRtpravRddho, lokAn samAhartumiha pravRttaH / - bhagavad gItA 11.32 51. prahlAdazcAsmi daityAnAM kAlaH kalayatAmaham / - bhagavad gItA 10.30 52. bRhatpArAzarahorAzAstra, rAzibhedAdhyAya 1 uddhata nAradIya jyotiSa pR. 99 53. bRhatpArAzarahorAzAstra, rAzibhedAdhyAya, 4,5 uddhRta nAradIya jyotiSa, pRSTha 99 54. jAtakapArijAta, rAzizIlAdhyAya, 8, uddhata nAradIya jyotiSa, pR. 100 55. sArAvalI, tRtIya adhyAya 6, uddhata nAradIya jyotiSa, pR. 101 56. vAkyapadIya, kAlasamuddeza kA zloka 43

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122 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 57. pRthivyApastejo vAyurAkAzaM kAlo digAtmA mana iti dravyANi / - vaizeSika sUtra, a. 1, prathama ahnika, sUtra 5 58. dravyatvanityatve vAyunA vyAkhyAte - vaizeSika sUtra a. 2, A. 2, sU.7 59. tattvaM bhAvena - vaizeSika sUtra a. 2, A. 2, sU. 8 60. tasyA guNAH saGkhyAparimANapRthaktvasaMyogavibhAgAH / - prazastapAda bhASya pR. 155 61. kAla liMgAvizeSAdekatvaM siddham prazastapAdabhASya 62. kAraNe kAla iti vacanAt paramamahatparimANam - prazastapAda bhASya 63. tadanuvidhAnAt pRthaktvam - prazastapAda bhASya 64. kAraNaparatvAditi vacanAt saMyogaH - prazastapAda bhASya 65. tadvinAzakatvAd vibhAga iti - prazastapAda bhASya 66. vaizeSika sUtra, a. 2, A. 2, sUtra 6 67. vaizeSika sUtra, a. 5, A. 2, sUtra 26 68. digdezakAlAkAzeSvapyevaM prasaMga: nyAya sUtra a.2, A. 1, sUtra 23 69. sAMkhyapravacanabhASya, dvitIya adhyAya, sUtra 12 nityau yau dikkAlau tAvAkAzaprakRtibhUtau prakRterguNavizeSAveva / ato dikkAlayorvibhutvopapattiH 'AkAzavat sarvagatazca nityaH' ityAdizrutyuktaM vibhutvaM caakaashsyoppnnm| yau tu khaNDadikkAlau tau tu tattadupAdhisaMyogAdAkAzAdutpadyete ityarthaH / - sAMkhyapravacanabhASya, dvitIya adhyAya, sUtra 12 kA bhASya 70. - 71. sAMkhyakArikA meM kula 9 tuSTiyoM kA ullekha hai, jinameM cAra AdhyAtmika tuSTiyA~ haiM - 1. prakRti 2. upAdAna 3. kAla 4. bhaagy| inake atirikta pA~ca tuSTiyA~ zabda Adi pA~ca bAhya viSayoM se virata hone para prApta hotI hai 'AdhyAtmikyazcatasraH prakRtyupAdAnakAlabhAgyAkhyAH / bAhyA viSayoparamAt paMca nava tuSTayo'bhisamatAH / / 72. tRtIyAM tuSTimAha kAleti - pravrajyA'pi sAkSAt muktidA na bhavatiH / kintu kAlamapekSyeveti kAlAdeva vivakekhyAtirUpA siddhiH / / - sAMkhyakArikA, kArikA 50 para tattvaprabhA TIkA, pR. 196

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kAlavAda 123 73. dRzyante ca prANinAM kAlAnurUpAH svabhAvAhAravihAravyavasthAH / tasmAdasAveva kAraNam .... sa khalvayaM yogI kAlamavajitya padArthAntarAbhAvaM manyamAnastAmeva bhUmiM kaivalyamiti manyate / - sAMkhyakArikA, kArikA 50 para yuktidIpikA TIkA, pR. 199 74. 81. 82. 'sAmAnyata:kAladigvyavahArasattve'pyAkAzAdeva tadupapattezca !' 75. darzana ane cintana - paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, pR. 1027 76. "nAsmAkaM vaizeSikAdivadapratyakSaH kAlaH, kintu pratyakSa eva, asminkSaNe mayopalabdha ityanubhavAt / arUpasyA'pyAkAzavat pratyakSatvaM bhaviSyati / " -zAstradIpikA (yukti sneha prapUraNI siddhAnta candrikA TIkA) a. 5, pA. 1, adhi. 5, sU. 5 - darzana ane cintana pR. 1027 prasthAna ratnAkara, zrI vallabha vidyApITha, kolhApura, saMvat 2056, pR. 202 78. atIndriyatvena kAryAnumeyatvena ca - prasthAna ratnAkara, pR. 202 77. 79. nityagatve sati sakalAzrayaH sakalodbhavo vA kAlaH - prasthAna ratnAkara pR. 202 80. etenaiva cirakSiprAdivyavahArasya atItAnAgatAdivyavahArasya ca upapattiH - prasthAna ratnAkara pR. 202 87. - pAtaMjala yoga sUtra3.52 para yogavArtika pR. 386 tasya prathamaM kArya guNakSobhaH - prasthAna ratnAkara pR. 202 etasya ca sUryodaya: AdhibhautikaM rUpaM, paramANvAdi- dviparArdhAntam AdhyAtmikam, AdhidaivikaM, 'kAlo'smi... (bhagavada gItA 11.32 ) iti vAkyAd bhagavAneva - prasthAna ratnAkara pR. 202 83. vAkyapadIya, kAla samuddeza, kArikA 2 kI helArAjakRta prakAza vyAkhyA 84. vAkyapadIya, kAla samuddeza, kArikA 3 85. vAkyapadIya, kAla samuddeza, kArikA 14 86. vAkyapadIya, kAla samuddeza, kArikA 12 va kArikA 26 kI TIkA meM bhI ullekha bhUtaH paMcavidhastatra, bhaviSyaMzca caturvidhaH / vartamAno dvidhAkhyAta, ityekAdaza - vAkyapadIya, kAlasamuddeza, kArikA 38 kalpanA / / 88. sUtrakRtAMga, prathama zrutaskandha, prathama adhyayana, tRtIya uddezaka, gAthA 6

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124 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 89. sRSTivAda aura Izvara, pR. 44 90. sUtrakRtAMga, prathama bhAga, dvAdaza adhyayana gAthA 1 91. sUtrakRtAMga, niryukti, gAthA 119 92. kriyAM jIvAdyastitvaM vadantItyevaMzIlAH kriyAvAdinaH marIcikumArakapilolUkamATharaprabhRtayaH / - SaDdarzana samuccaya, pRSTha 13 93. jIvAdipadArthasadbhAvo'styevetyevaM sAvadhAraNakriyAbhyupagamo yeSAM te astItikriyAvAdinaH / - sUtrakRtAMga sUtra zIlAMkaTIkA1/12 94. kriyAvAdinaH AstikA ityarthaH - sthAnAMga, abhayadevavRtti 4/4/385 95. kriyA kartrA binA na saMbhavati, sA cAtmasamavAyinIti vadanti tacchIlAzca ye te kriyAvAdinaH / anye tvAhu kriyAvAdino ye bruvate kriyApradhAnaM kiM jJAnena / -bhagavatI sUtra, abhayadevavRtti, 30. 1 96. "jIvAjIvAsravabandhasaMvaranirjarApuNyApuNyamokSarUpAnnavapadArthAn paripATyA paTTikAdau viracayya jIvapadArthasyAdhaH svaparabhedAvupanyasanIyau tayoradho nityAnityabhedau tayorapyadhaH kAlezvarAtmaniyatisvabhAvabhedAH paMca nyasanIyAH / tatazcaivaM vikalpAH kartavyA: " - SaDdarzana samuccaya, pR. 14, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana - sthAnAMga, abhayadeva kI TIkA- 4.4.345 - nandI sUtra, malayagiri avacUri pR. 177 97. "tathA nAstyeva jIvAdikaH padArtha ityevaM vAdinaH akriyAvAdinaH" - sUtra.. zI. 1/12, AcA. zI. 1/1/1/4 98. " tathA na kasyacitpratikSaNamavasthitasya padArthasya kriyA saMbhavati utpattyanantarameva vinAzAdityevaM ye vadanti te akriyAvAdinaH.... / te ca kokula kANTheviddhiromakasugatapramukhAH / - SaDdarzanasamuccaya pR. 21 99. akriyAvAdino nAstikA ityarthaH - sthAnAMga, abhayadeva kI TIkA 4/4/345 100. anye tvAhu:- akriyAvAdino ye bruvate kiM kriyayA, citrazuddhireva kAryA, te ca bauddhA iti / / - bhagavatI, abhayadeva kI TIkA 30/1 101. 'puNyApuNyavarjitazeSajIvAjIvAdipadArthasaptakanyAsaH, tasya cAdhaH pratyekaM svaparavikalpopAdAnam, asattvAdAtmano nityAnityavikalpau na staH kAlAdInAM paMcAnAmadhastAtSaSThI yadRcchA nyasyate / '

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kAlavAda 125 - SaDdarzanasamuccaya, pR. 22/ nandIsUtra avacUri pR. 180 / sthAnAMga abhayadeva kI TIkA, 4-4-345, pR. 255 102. (a) tathA kutsitaM jJAnamajJAnaM tadeSAmastItyajJAnikAH, asaMcintyakRtakarmabaMdhavai phalyAdipratipattilakSaNAH zAkalyasAtyamunimaudapippalAdabAdarAyaNajaiminivasuprabhRtayaH / - SaDdarzanasamuccaya, pR. 24 (ba) "tathA na jJAnamajJAnaM tadvidyate yeSAM te'jJAninaH, te hyajJAnameva zreya ityeva vadanti / " -sUtra. zI. 1/12 tathA sthA. abha. 4. 4.345 103. hitAhitaparIkSAviraho'jJAnikatvam - sarvArthasiddhi 8.1 104. na jJAnaM zreyaH, tasmin sati viruddhaprarUpaNAyAM vivAdayogatazcittakAluSyAdibhAvato dIrghatarasaMsArapravRtteH / yadA punarajJAnamAzrIyate tadA nAhaMkArasaMbhavo nApi parasyopari cittakAluSyabhAvaH, tato na baMdhasaMbhavaH / - SaDdarzanasamuccaya pR. 25 105. jIvAjIvAdIn navapadArthAn kvacit paTTakAdau vyavasthApya paryanta utpattiH sthApyate / teSAM ca jIvAdInAM navAnAM pratyekamadhaH sapta sattvAdayo nyasyante / tadyathA- sattvam, asattvam, sadasattvam, avAcyatvam, sadvAcyatvam, asavAcyatvam, sadasadavAcyatvam yeti / - SaDdarzana samuccaya pR: 27 - sthAnAMga, abhayadeva TIkA, 4.4.345, pR. 255 (sthAnAMga meM kiMcid pATha bheda hai, kintu tAtparya samAna hai ) 106. (a) "tathA vainayikA vinayAdeva kevalAt svargamokSAvAptimabhilaSantaH - sUtrakRtAMga zIlAMka 1/12 mithyAdRSTayaH / (ba) vinayena carantIti vainayikAH - SaDdarzana samuccaya pR. 29 107. 'ete cAnavadhRtaliMgAcArazAstrA vinayapratipattilakSaNA veditavyAH' - SaDdarzanasamuccaya pR. 29 108. 'sarvadevatAnAM sarvasamayAnAM ca samadarzanaM vainayikam" - sarvArthasiddhi 81 109. " tathA vinayAdeva mokSa ityevaM gozAlakamatAnusAriNo vinayena carantIti vainayikA vyavasthitAH " - sUtrakRtAMga zIlAMka TIkA, 1-6-27 110. "vasiSThaparAzaravAlmIkivyAselAputrasatyadattaprabhRtayaH" - SaDdarzana samuccaya pR. 29

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126 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 111. "suranRpatiyatijJAtisthavirAdhamamAtRpitRrUpeSvaSTasu sthAneSu kAyena manasA vAcA dAnena ca dezakAlopapannena vinayaH kArya iti catvAraH kAyAdayaH sthaapynte|" -SaDdarzana samuccaya, pR. 29/ -sthAnAMga, abhayadeva TIkA, 4.4.345, pR. 255-256 112. AcArAMga, zIlAMka TIkA, 1/1/1/3 113. (a) nandIsUtra, malayagiri avacUri pR. 177-178 (ba) SaDdarzana samuccaya, pR. 15-16 para bhI uparyukta aMza uddhRta 114. kAlaH svabhAva niyatiH pUrvakRtaM puruSaH kAraNaikAntAH mithyAtvaM te evaM tu samAsato bhavanti smyktvm|| -sanmatitarkaprakaraNa, tRtIya kANDa, gA. 53 para 'vAdamahArNava' TIkA 115. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, gAthA 52 116. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, gAthA 53, 55, 56 117. zrI tiloka kAvya kalpatarU 118. aniyatacetanAcetanatvapRthivyAditvena anAdyanantavartanAtmasvatattvAnAM vRtteH kalanAtmakaM rUpaM bhUyo bhUyo viparivartate dhruvaadisrvnitylkssnnm| tasmAdviravavikalpavivartavartanAyAH kalanamasmadAdyasarvajJaM prati anumAnamAtragamyamaviviktamamitapUrNakoSThAgAradhAnyavat sarvajJaM ca prati viviktAyA vartanAyAH kalanaM kAlaH -dvAdazAranayacakra, bhAga 1, pR. 211-212 119. sa tathAbhUtena kalanArthena vartanAmeva sAmAnyamatyajan bhUto bhavati bhaviSyaMzceti vizeSavyapadezaM lbhte| -dvAdazAranayacakra, bhAga 1, pR. 212-213 120. dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama bhAga, pR. 219 121. kAlasyaiva tattvAt kAraNakAryavibhAgAbhAvAt sAmAnyavizeSavyavahArAbhAva eveti cet, evamapi sa eva svbhaavH| pUrvAdivyavahAralabdhakAlAbhAvazcaivam, apUrvAditvAt niytivt| -dvAdazAra nayacakra, bhAga 1, pR. 221-222 122. na hi tajjanmani garbhapariNatirhetuH, apariNatasyApi kdaacijjnmdrshnaat| tathA kAlo'pi zItoSNa- varSAdhupAdhi, tadvayatirekeNa na bhvti| -zAstravArtA samuccaya, sta. 2, zloka 53 kI TIkA

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kAlavAda 127 123. yatkiMcid loke ghaTAdi, tadapi kAlavyatirekeNa na bhavati, karmadaNDAdisattvepi kAlAntara eva svrgghttaadyutptteH| tasmAt kAraNAt kAlaH 'kila' iti satye anyasyatvanyathAsiddhatvAdasatyatvamiti bhaavH| -zAstravArtA samuccaya, sta. 2, zloka 53 kI TIkA 124. kiMca kAlAdRte naiva mudrpktirpiikssyte| sthAlyAdisaMnidhAne'pi tataH kAlAdasau mtaa|| -zAstravArtA samuccaya, sta. 2, zloka 55 125. tatrApi hetvantarApekSAvaiyagrayAt, Avazyakatvena kAlasyaiva taddhetutvaucityA dityaashyH| -zAstravArtA samuccaya, sta.2, zloka 55 kI TIkA 126. kAlAbhAve ca garbhAdi sarva syaadvyvsthyaa| pareSTahetusadbhAvamAtrAdeva tdudbhvaat|| -zAstravArtA samuccaya, sta. 2, zloka 56 127. nanu kAlo'pi yadyeka eva sarvakAryahetuH tadA yugapadeva srvkaaryotpttiH| __ -zAstravArtA samuccaya, sta.2,zlo. 56 kI ttiikaa| 128. tasya ca tatkSaNavRttikArye tatpUrvakSaNatvena hetutvam, tatkSaNavRttitvaM ca tatkSaNAsyApi, abhede'pi 'idAnI kSaNa' iti vyavahArAt kaalikaadhaaraa''dheybhaavsiddheH| _ -zAstravArtA sammuccaya, stabaka. 2, zloka 56 kI ttiikaa| 129. anyAnapekSaH kAlo'pi kAraNaM nopapadyate vivakSitasamaye kAryAntarasyA'pyutpatti prsNgaat| -zAstravArtA sammuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 77 kI TIkA 130. na ca tatkSaNavRttikArye tatpUrvakSaNahetutvAbhidhAnAd na doSa ityuktameveti vAcyaM agre bhAvinastatkSaNavRttitvasyaiva phalata aapaadytvaat| - zAstravArtA sammuccaya, stabaka. 2, zloka 77 kI TIkA 131. yatazca kAle tulye'pi sarvatraiva na ttphlm| ato hetvantarApekSaM vijJeyaM tad vickssnnaiH|| -zAstravArtA samuccaya, sta. 2, zloka 78 132. hetvantarApekSaM kAlAtiriktadezAdihetujanyaM vijnyeym| na ca mRdo'nyatra ghaTasyA'nApattireva, kAle hetusattve'pi deze kAryAnApatteriti vAcyam, mRdajanyatvena mRdvRttitvsyaa''paadytvaat| - zAstravArtA sammuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 78 kI TIkA

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128 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 133. na kAlamantareNa campakAzokasahakArAdivanaspatikusumodgamaphalabandhAdayo himakaNAnuSaktazItaprapAtanakSatragarbhAdhAnavarSAdayo vA RtuvibhAgasaMpAditA bAlakumArayauvanavalipalitAgamAdayovA'vasthAvizeSAH ghaTante pratiniyatakAlavibhAga eva teSAmupalabhyamAnatvAt / anyathA sarvamavyavasthayA bhavet / na caitat dRSTamiSTaM vA / api ca mudrapaMktirapi na kAlamantareNa loke bhavanti dRzyate, kiM tu kAlakrameNa, anyathA sthAlIndhanAdisAmagrIsaMparkasaMbhave prathamasamaye'pi tasyAbhAvaprasaMgo na ca bhavati, tasmAdyatkRtakaM tatsarvaM kAlakRtamiti / atra pareSTahetusadbhAvamAtrAditi parAbhimatavanitApuruSasaMyogAdimAtrarUpahetusadbhAvamAtrAdeva, tadudbhavAditi garbhAdyudbhavaprasaMgAt / tathA kAlaH pacati paripAkaM nayati pariNatiM nayati bhUtAni pRthivyAdIni tathA kAlaH saMharate prajAH pUrvaparyAyAt pracyAvya paryAyAntareNa prajAH lokAn sthApayati / tathAkAlaH supteSu janeSu jAgarti kAla eva taM taM suptaM janaM Apado rakSati bhAvaH tasmAddhi sphuTaM duratikramo'pAkatumazakyaH / - abhidhAna rAjendra koza, bhAga 3, pR.492 134. tatra ye kAlavAdinaH sarvaM kAlakRtaM manyante / tAn prati brUmaH - kAlo nAma kimekasvabhAvo nityo vyApI, kiM vA samayAdirUpatayA pariNamatIti ? tatra yadyAdyaH pakSaH / tdyuktm| tathAbhUtakAlagrAhakapramANAbhAvAnna khalu tathAbhUtaM kAlaM pratyakSeNopalabhAmahe / nApyanumAnena, tadavinAbhAviliMgAbhAvat / -abhidhAna rAjendra koza, bhAga 3, pR. 492 135. atha kathaM tadavinAbhAvaliMgAbhAvo yAvatA dRzyate bharatarAmAdiSu pUrvAparavyavahAraH, sa ca na vastusvarUpamAtranimitto, varttamAne ca kAle vastusvarUpasya vidyamAnatayA tathA vyavahArapravRttiprazakteH, tato yannimitto'yaM bharatarAmAdiSu pUrvAparavyavahAra: sa kAla iti / tathAhi - pUrvakAlayAgA pUrvo bharatacakravartI, aparakAlayogI cAparo rAmAdiriti / - abhidhAna rAjendra koza, bhAga 3, pR. 492 136. nanu yadi bharata rAmAdipUrvAparakAlayogataH pUrvAparavyavahArastarhi kAlasyaiva kathaM svayaM pUrvAparavyavahAraH ? tadanyakAlayogAditi cet na / tatrA'pi sa eva prasaMga ityanavasthA | - abhidhAna rAjendra koza, bhAga 3, pR. 492-493 137. atha mA bhUdeSa doSa iti, tasya svayameva pUrvatvamaparatvaM ceSyate, nAnyakAlayogAditi / tathAcoktam- "pUrvakAlAdiyogI yaH pUrvAdivyapadezabhAk / pUrvAparatvaM tasyApi svarUpAdeva nAnyataH / - abhidhAna rAjendra koza, bhAga 3, pR. 493 138. tadapyAkaNThapItA'' svprlaapdeshiiym| yata ekAntenaiko vyApI nityaH kAlo'bhyupagamyate tataH kathaM tasya pUrvAditvasaMbhavaH / - abhidhAna rAjendra koza, bhAga 3, pR. 493

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kAlavAda 129 139. atha sahacArisaMparkavazAdekasyApi tathAtvakalpanA / tathAhi - sahacAriNo bharatAdayaH pUrvA apare ca rAmAdayo'parAH, tatastatsaMparkavazAtkAlasyApi pUrvAparavyapadezo bhavati / sahacAriNo vyapadezo yathA- 'maMcAH krozanti iti - abhidhAna rAjendra koza, bhAga 3, pR.493 1.40. tadetadapi bAlizajalpitam / itaretarAzrayadoSaprasaMgAt / tathAhi sahacAriNAM bharatAdInAM pUrvAditvaM kAlagatapUrvAditvayogAt, kAlasya ca pUrvAditvaM sahacAribharatAdigatapUrvAditvayogataH, tata ekA'siddhAvanyatarasyApyasiddhiH / prAgasiddhAvekasya kathamanyasya siddhiriti tatrAdyaH pakSaH zreyAn / - abhidhAna rAjendra koza, bhAga 3, pR. 493 " 141. atha dvitIya pakSaH so'pyayuktaH, yataH samayAdirUpe pariNAmini kAle viziSTe'pi phalavaicitryamupalabhyate / tathAhi samakAlamArabhyamANAyAmapi mudrapaktiravikalA kasyacid dRzyate, aparasya tu sthAlyAdisaMgatAveva vikalA / tathA samayakAlamekasminneva tu kAlAntare'pi tathA samAne'pi samakAlamapi kriyamANe kRSyAdikarmaNyekasya paripUrNA dhAnyasaMpadupajAyate, aparasya tu khaNamasphuTitA vA na kiMcidapi / tato yadi kAla eva kevalaH kAraNaM bhavettarhi sarveSAmapi samameva muddrapaktyAdikaM phalaM bhavet, na ca bhavati, tasmAnna kAlamAtrakRtaM vizvavaicitryam, kiM tu kAlAdi sAmagrIsApekSaM tatkarmanibandhanamiti sthitam" - abhidhAna rAjendra koza, bhAga 3, pR. 493 142. anekAntena syAdvAdinAmapi kAlasya kAraNatvaM sammatameva, yato'smAbhirna kAla evaikaH kartRtvenAbhyupagamyate, api tu karmApi, tato jagadvaicitrya - mityadoSaH / ekAntavAdasamAzrayaNe tu doSaH / - abhidhAna rAjendra koza, bhAga 3, pR. 493 143. tatra kAla eva ekAntena jagataH kAraNamiti kAlavAdinaH prAhuH / tathAhisarvasya zItoSNa varSa-vanaspati- puruSAderjagataH prabhava- sthiti - vinAzeSu grahoparAgayutiyuddhodayAstamayagatigamanAgamanAdau ca kAlaH kAraNam tamantareNa sarvasyAsyA'nyakAraNatvAbhimatabhAvasadbhAve'pyabhAvAt tatsadbhAve ca bhaavaat| taduktam - "kAlaH pacati bhUtAni kAlaH saMharati prajAH / kAlaH supteSu jAgarti kAlo hi duratikramaH / / " -sanmati tarka, kANDa 3, gA. 53 para abhayadeva kI TIkA 144. dhammo adhammo AgAsaM kAlo puggala jantavo / esa logo tti pannatto jiNehiM varadaMsihiM / - uttarAdhyayana 28.7 145. 'kimiyaM bhaMte! loetti pavuccai ? goyamA, paMcatthikAyA' / - bhagavatI sUtra13/4/481

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130 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 146. pravacanasAra, a. 2, gAthA 46-47 147. sarvArthasiddhi a. 5, sUtra 38-39 148. rAjavArtika a. 5, sUtra 38-39 149. tattvArthazlokavArtika a. 5, sUtra 38-39 150. loka prakAza, sarga 28, zloka 5-55 151. dhammo ahammo AgAsaM kAlo puggs-jNtvo| esa logo tti pannatto jiNehiM vrdNsiihi|| -uttarAdhyayana sUtra 28.7 152. sarvArthasiddhi 5/22/293 153. sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna 4, uddezaka 1, sUtra 134 154. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 2030-2075 155. lokaprakAza, sarga 28, zloka 93, 94 156. pravacanasAra, gAthA 135 kA zlokAMza 157. sabhASyatattvArthAdhigama sUtra, adhyAya 5, sUtra 39 kA bhASya 158. gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa, gAthA 568 159. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 218 kI TIkA 160. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 216 kI TIkA 161. tattvArthazlokavArtika, kuMthusAgara prakAzana, dvitIya bhAga, pR. 148 162. RtUnAmapi SaNNAM yaH prinnaamo'stynekdhaa| na saMbhavetso'pi kAlaM vinAtividitaH kssitau| -lokaprakAza, sarga 28, zloka 25 163. tattvArtha sUtra, a.5, sUtra 22 164. lokaprakAza, sarga 28, zloka 58 165. vartanA hi jIvapudgaladharmAdharmAkAzAnAM tatsattAyAzca sAdhAraNyAH sUryagamyAdInAM ca svakAryavizeSAnumitasvabhAvAnAM bahiraMgakAraNApekSA kAryatvAttaMDulapAkavat yattAvabahiraMga kAraNaM sa kaalH|-tttvaarthshlokvaartikaalNkaar, SaSTha bhAga pR. 165 166. tattvArthazlokavArtikAlaMkAraH SaSTha khaNDa, pR. 169

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kAlavAda 131 167. samartho'pi bahiraMgakAraNApekSaH pariNAmatve sati kAryatvAt brIhyAdivaditi yattatkAraNaM bAhyaM sa kAlaH -tattvArthazlokavArtikAlaMkAraH, SaSTha khaNDa, pR. 170 168. tattvArthazlokavArtikAlaMkAra, SaSTha khaNDa, pR. 195 169. lokaprakAza, sarga 28, gAthA 9 170. lokaprakAza, sarga 28, gAthA 10 171. nArAyaNa upaniSad, 2 172. mANDUkyakArikA, prathama prakaraNa, zloka 8 173. zivapurANa, vAyu saMhitA (pUrva bhAga),ziva se kAlasvarUpa zakti kA kathana,zloka 1 174. sUtrakRtAMga, zrutaskandha, prathama adhyayana, tRtIya uddezaka, gAthA 6 175. nandIsUtra, malayagiri avacUri, pR. 177

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tRtIya adhyAya svabhAvavAda - upasthApana svabhAva hI jagat kA AdhAra hai, isa mantavya ko jagat meM 'svabhAvavAda' ke nAma se prasiddhi prApta huii| svabhAvavAdI svabhAva ko vyApaka mAnate hue kSetra aura kAla se pare batalAte haiM tathA sabhI kAryoM ko svabhAvajanya svIkAra karate haiN| svabhAvavAda ke saMdarbha meM buddhacarita kA prasiddha zloka hai kaH kaNTakasya prakaroti taipayaM, vicitrabhAvaM mRgapakSiNAM c| svabhAvataH sarvamidaM pravRttaM, na kAmacAro'sti kutaH prytnH|| arthAt kAMToM ko tIkSNa kauna banAtA hai? mRgoM aura pakSiyoM ke vicitra svarUpa kA kAraNa kyA hai? taba kahA jAtA hai ki svabhAva kI hI sabameM pravRtti hai, yahA~ svecchAcAra yA prayatna kriyAnvita nahIM hotaa| ukta zloka ko svabhAvavAda kI prastuti kA AdhAra kahA jAe to atizayokti nahIM hogI, kyoMki jahA~ bhI svabhAvavAda kI carcA huI hai vahA~ yaha zloka nizcita rUpa se uddhRta huA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM abhayadevasUri kI sanmati-tarka kI tattvabodhavidhAyinI TIkA', zAstravArtA samuccaya Adi saMskRta granthoM meM bhI isakA ullekha samprApta hai| svabhAvavAda ke vizeSa grantha ke abhAva meM samprati samupalabdha vibhinna srotoM se svabhAva evaM svabhAvavAda kI carcA karane kA prayAsa isa adhyAya meM kiyA jA rahA hai| veda, upaniSad-sAhitya, purANa-vAGmaya, bhagavad-gItA, rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata Adi ke sAtha vibhinna dArzanika granthoM evaM jainAgamoM ke AdhAra para isa adhyAya meM 'svabhAvavAda' ke svarUpa ko prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA jaaegaa| svabhAvavAdiyoM kI ekAMgI avadhAraNA kA prAya: sabhI dArzanikoM ne khaNDana kiyA hai| tattvasaMgraha, mATharavRtti, nyAyakusumAMjali Adi jainetara granthoM meM svabhAvavAda kA nirAkaraNa dekhA jAtA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya, sanmatitarka-prakaraNa evaM usa para abhayadevasUri viracita TIkA, haribhadrasUrikRta zAstravArtA samuccaya, dharmasaMgrahaNi Adi meM svabhAvavAda kA pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM upasthApana kara svabhAva ko ekAnta kAraNa mAnane kA khaNDana kiyA hai|

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svabhAvavAda 133 Rgveda meM aparavAda ke rUpa meM svabhAvavAda svabhAvavAda kA spaSTa rUpa se ullekha veda meM nahIM milatA hai, kintu sRSTi ke saMbaMdha meM Rgveda kA nAsadIya sUkta mahattvapUrNa hai| isa sUkta ke prArambha meM hI sRSTi viSayaka vibhinna prakAra ke mata samupalabdha hote haiM nAsadAsInno sadAsIttadAnIM nAsIdajo no vyomAyaro yt| kimavarIvaH kuha kasyA zarmannambhaH kimAsId gahanaM gbhiirm||' na mRtyurAsIdamRtaM na tarhi na rAtryA aha na AsIta prketH| arvAg devA asya visajanenAthA ko veda yata aabbhuuv||" paM. madhusUdana ojhA ne nAsadIya sUkta ke uparyukta aMza ko AdhAra banAkara sRSTi ke viSaya meM daza vAdoM kA utthApana kiyA hai| 1. sadasadvAda 2.rajovAda 3.vyomavAda 4. aparavAda 5. AvaraNavAda 6. ambhovAda 7. amRta-mRtyuvAda 8. ahorAtravAda 9. daivavAda 10. sNshyvaad| ina daza vAdoM meM aparavAda ke antargata paM. madhusUdana ojhA ne svabhAvavAda kA hI varNana kiyA hai| ve a-para kA artha 'sva' karate hue aparavAda ko svabhAvavAda kahate haiN| unhoMne svatantra rUpa se aparavAda nAmaka pustaka meM svabhAvavAda ko cAra rUpoM meM prastuta kiyA hai- 1. pariNAmavAda 2. yadRcchAvAda 3. niyativAda 4. pauruSI prkRtivaad| ina cAroM kA saMkSipta paricaya prAsaMgika hone se yahA~ prastuta hai 1. pariNAmavAda- svabhAva svataH pariNAma gativAlA hotA hai| svabhAva arthAt padArtha svabhAva se hote haiN| udAharaNa ke lie agni kI jvAlA se tApa aura prakAza svata: hote haiN| jala meM zItatA tathA anna-jala se tRpti svabhAva se hotI hai| jaisA ki paM. madhusUdana ojhA ne kahA hai 'svataH pariNAmagatiH svabhAvo bhAvAH svabhAvAt prabhavanti srve| tApaprakAzau jvalanArciSaH staH zaityaM jale cAnnajalena tRptiH|| kA~ToM meM tIkhApana pazu-pakSiyoM ke vicitra varNa Adi svabhAva se hI pravRtta hote haiN| isameM na svecchAcAra kAraNa banatA hai aura na hI prytn| isa pariNAmavAda rUpa svabhAvavAda kA vivecana karate hue paM. ojhA ne kahA hai dvau sto badaryA iha tIkSNakaNTako RjuH sa ekosti parastu kuNcitH| phalaM punarvatulamatra ca kRmiH svabhAvataH sarvamidaM prjaayte||2

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134 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa bera meM do tIkhe kA~Te haiM, unameM eka bilkula sIdhA hai tathA dUsarA mur3A huA hai, usakA phala gola hai, usa phala meM kRmi (kIr3A) bhI hotA hai| yaha saba kucha svabhAva se hI hotA hai| isI prakAra ojhA jI ne svabhAvavAda ko prastuta karate hue kahA hai ki haMsoM ko sapheda, totoM ko harA aura mayUroM ko vicitra varNoM kA kauna banAtA hai| yaha to saba svabhAva se hI utpanna hotA hai|3 paM. ojhA ne parAzara Adi manISiyoM ko isa pariNAmavAda rUpa svabhAvavAda kI sthApanA karane vAlA tathA pauruSavAda kA khaNDana karane vAlA batAyA hai| 2. yadRcchAvAda- yadyapi yadRcchAvAda kA kaI dArzanikoM ne kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta kI dRSTi se svatantravAda ke rUpa meM vivecana kiyA hai, kintu paM. madhusUdana ojhA ne ise svabhAvavAda kA hI eka rUpa svIkAra kiyA hai| ise dUsare zabdoM meM 'AkasmikavAda' nAma bhI diyA gayA hai| phalavizeSa kI prApti ke uddezya se kI jAne vAlI pravRtti ke binA hI phala-prApti kA svata: ho jAnA yadRcchAvAda hai- 'atho yadRcchA'nabhisaMdhi- puurvaarthpraaptiH| 5 isa yadRcchAvAda ko spaSTa karate hue paM. ojhA ne kucha udAharaNa die haiM atarkitopanatamasti sarva citraM janAnAM sukhduHkhjaatm| kAkasya tAlena yathAbhighAto na buddhipUrvo'sti vRthaabhimaanH|| vyomni prasanne prabhavanti meghA meghe prasanne tddito'yyksmaat| astyadya nirvAtamatha pravAtaM lauhAzmasarmA api khAt ptnti|| na kAraNaM kAryamihAsti tasmAdidaM kuto neti na shNkniiym| atarkitaM bhAvaya yahAbhedaM yadRcchayaivedamudeti srvm|| 6 arthAt logoM ke sabhI sukha-duHkha atarkita rUpa se Ate haiN| jaise kaue kA tAla (tAr3a) se saMbaMdha vicArapUrvaka nahIM hotA hai| vaise hI saba kucha kAkatAlIya nyAya ke samAna yAdRcchika hai| svaccha AkAza meM akasmAt bAdaloM kA ghira AnA, prasanna megha meM bijaliyoM kA camakanA, vAyu kA ekadama calanA yA A~dhI AnA, AkAza se kabhI lauha Adi dhAtu, patthara aura sarpa kA barasanA, yaha saba yAdRcchika hai| kAraNa ke nahIM hone para bhI kArya kA honA yadRcchAvAdiyoM ko atarkita rUpa se svIkRta hai| 3. niyativAda- niyativAda bhI bhAratIya dArzanika dharAtala para eka pRthakavAda ke rUpa meM carcita hai| kintu paM. madhusUdana ojhA ise bhI svabhAvavAda kA hI eka rUpa mAnate haiN| niyati ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana karate hue ve kahate haiM

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yadaiva yAvadatho yato vA tadaiva tattAvadatho tato vA / prajAyate 'sminniyataM niyatyAkrAntaM hi pazyAma idaM smstm|| jaba bhI, jo, jitanA, jisase, jaise huA hai, taba hI, vaha, utanA, usase, vaise hI hotA hai| isa prakAra isa saMsAra meM saba kucha niyata rUpa se utpanna hotA hai aura niyati se AkrAnta hI saba kucha prApta hotA hai| udAharaNa se spaSTa karate hue paM. ojhA ne kahA hai svabhAvavAda 135 purA tilAt tailamajAyataiva tajjAyate'dyApi janiSyate ca / atrApi jAtaM bahudUradezAntare'pi tat tadvadupaiti jnm||" prAcIna kAla meM bhI tiloM se tela hotA thA, Aja bhI hotA hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI hotA rhegaa| yahA~ bhI tiloM se tela hotA hai tathA dUra dezAntaroM meM bhI hotA rahegA / niyati ke isa niyama se hI sarvatra padArtha kI utpatti hotI hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki tiloM se tela kA honA eka niyata sArvabhauma tathya hai, jisake sAtha kAla vizeSa aura deza vizeSa kA pratibandhaka saMbaMdha nahIM hai| 17 niyativAdiyoM ke anusAra sabhI bhAva niyata rUpa se hote haiN| Izvara ho, aNu ho athavA anya koI bhI ho saba niyati ke vaza meM hai| " prAcInakAla meM pUraNa, kazyapa Adi katipaya vicArakoM ne niyati ko vizva kA mUla batAyA hai aura yadRcchAvAdiyoM. mata kA unmUlana kiyA hai| 20 R1 4. prakRtivAda - paM. madhusUdana ojhA ne aparavAda arthAt svabhAvavAda ke antargata prakRtivAda kA bhI samAveza kiyA hai| unakA yaha mantavya hai ki triguNAtmikA prakRti meM hI svabhAva, kAla aura karma hote haiN| triguNoM kA pariNamana svabhAva se hotA hai| 'svabhAvatastatpariNAmavRttayaH nirguNa puruSa meM svabhAva, kAla aura karma kucha bhI nahIM hote / tAtparya yaha hai ki svabhAvavAda kA saMbaMdha prakRtivAda se hai| puruSa ko unhoMne svabhAvAtIta, kAlAtIta aura karmAtIta mAnA hai- guNe'nuSaktaM puruSe tu nirguNe na sa svabhAvo na ca kAlakarmarNA 12 yahA~ vicAraNIya bindu yaha hai ki ojhA jI ne aparavAda ke antargata svabhAvavAda ko pariNAmavAda, yadRcchAvAda, niyativAda evaM pauruSI - prakRtivAda ke rUpa prastuta kara sabako svabhAvavAda mAnA hai, vaha kahA~ taka ucita hai? svabhAvavAda kA jo svarUpa buddhacarita Adi anya granthoM meM prApta hotA hai, jisake antargata kaNTakoM kI tIkSNatA, mayUroM ke candraka kI vicitratA Adi meM svabhAva kI kAraNatA svIkAra kI hai;

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136 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa vaisA svarUpa paM. ojhA ne pariNAmavAda ke antargata nirUpita kiyA hai| 'pariNAma: svabhAvata: 23 vAkya se bhI paM. ojhA dvArA svabhAvavAda ko pariNAmavAda kahanA yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai, kintu svabhAvavAda ko yadRcchAvAda, niyativAda evaM pauruSI prakRtivAda mAnanA yuktisaMgata pratIta nahIM hotA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM yaha bhI cintana kA viSaya hai ki jaba bhAratIya darzana meM yadRcchAvAda, niyativAda evaM prakRtivAda kI svatantra siddhAntoM ke rUpa meM sthApanA ho cukI thI tathA unakI aneka granthoM meM carcA bhI prApta hotI hai taba aisI sthiti meM kama se kama yadRcchAvAda evaM niyativAda ko to svabhAvavAda meM sammilita karanA kathamapi ucita nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| paM. ojhA kI apane mantavya meM saMbhava hai vyApaka dRSTi rahI ho tathApi unake isa mantavya se prAcIna sAhitya meM carcita evaM eka dUsare kA khaNDana karane vAle svabhAvavAdI, niyativAdI evaM yadRcchAvAdI kI pRthaka mAnyatAoM ko surakSita rakhanA bhI Avazyaka hai| jisake lie inheM pRthak mAnanA ucita hai| upaniSad meM svabhAvavAda kI carcA zvetAzvataropaniSad meM jagadutpatti ke saMbaMdha meM vedavihita aneka kAraNoM kI carcA prApta hotI hai, yathA 'kAla: svabhAvo niyatiryadRcchA bhUtAni yoniH puruNa iti cintyA 24 ____ kAla, svabhAva, niyati, yadRcchA, bhUta aura puruSa ina kAraNoM para vicAra karake jagat ke saMbaMdha meM inakI kAraNatA asvIkAra karate hue brahma ko kAraNa mAnA hai| ina kAraNoM ke saMbaMdha meM kiyA gayA yaha cintana vaidika kAla meM ina sabhI vAdoM ke vikasita rUpa prApta hone kA saMketa karatA hai| yahA~ svabhAvavAda kA prasaMga hone se svabhAva kI kAraNatA ke saMbaMdha meM vistAra se cintana kiyA jA rahA hai| isa maMtra ke zAMkara bhASya meM svabhAva ko isa prakAra paribhASita kiyA hai- 'svabhAvo nAma padArthAnAM pratiniyatA zaktiH, agnerauSNyamiva' arthAt padArthoM kI niyata zakti kA nAma svabhAva hai, jaise- agni kA svabhAva ussnntaa| yaha pratiniyata zakti hI jagadutpatti meM kAraNa hai| uparyukta bhAvoM ke sadRza isa upaniSad meM eka zloka aura prApta hotA haisvabhAvameke kavayo vadanti, kAlaM tathAnye primuhymaanaaH| devasyaiSa mahimA tu loke, yenedaM bhrAmyate brhmckrm||25 arthAt kitane hI buddhimAna loga svabhAva ko jagat kA kAraNa batAte haiM, usI prakAra kucha dUsare loga kAla ko jagat kA kAraNa batalAte haiN| ye loga mohagrasta haiM, ye

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svabhAvavAda 137 vAstavika kAraNa ko nahIM jaante| yaha paramadeva paramezvara kI samasta jagat meM phailI huI mahimA hai, jisake dvArA yaha brahmacakra ghumAyA jAtA hai| purANa meM svabhAvaviSayaka mata zrImadbhAgavata mahApurANa meM dravya, karma, kAla evaM jIva kI bhA~ti svabhAva ko bhI bhagavatsvarUpa vAsudeva se abhinna batAyA gayA hai| 26 harivaMza purANa meM jagat ko svabhAvakRta mAnA hai| vahA~ kahA hai ki brahmA ne svabhAva se sarvaprathama jala ko utpanna kiyA aura jala se hI samasta sRSTi utpanna huI hai, jaisA ki kahA gayA hai svabhAvAjjAyate sarva svabhAvAcca te tathA'bhavat / ahaMkAraH svabhAvAcca tathA sarvamidaM jagat / / atha mUrti samAdhAya svabhAvAd brahmacoditaH / sasarja salilaM brahmA yena sarvamidaM tatam / / 27 arthAt svabhAva se hI sabakI utpatti hotI hai, svabhAva se hI paramAtmA pUrvokta rUpa meM prakaTa huA aura svabhAva se hI ahaMkAra tathA yaha sArA jagat prakaTa huA hai| brahma se prerita brahmA ne mUrti (mUrta rUpa) kA dhyAna kara svabhAva se sarvaprathama jala ko utpanna kiyA aura jala se yaha samasta sRSTi utpanna huii| sRSTi - nirmANa jaise vRhat kAryoM meM hI nahIM, apitu pratyeka jIva ke laghu prasaMgoM meM bhI svabhAva hI kAraNa hai, yathA svabhAvAtkSayamAyAti svabhAvAdbhayameti c| 28 svabhAvAdvindate zAntiM svabhAvAcca na vindati / / 8 svabhAva se hI (jIva) kSaya ko prApta hotA hai| svabhAva se hI bhaya ko prApta hotA hai| svabhAva se hI zAnti ko prApta karatA hai tathA svabhAva se hI use (zAnti ko ) prApta nahIM karatA hai| devI bhAgavata purANa meM sAMkhya mata ke prasaMga meM vizva ke sarjana meM svabhAva kI kAraNatA spaSTa huI hai sadaivedamanIzaM ca svabhAvotthaM sdedRshm| akartA'sau pumAnproktaH prakRtistu tathA ca sA / / 29

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138 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa arthAt sAMkhyavAdI kahate haiM ki yaha saMsAra Izvara se rahita evaM svabhAva se hI utpanna hai| puruSa akartA aura prakRti saba kAryoM ko sampanna karane vAlI hai| sabhI vastue~ svabhAva meM hI rahatI haiM, vibhAva dazA ko prApta nahIM hotI- aisA mANDUkyakArikA meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| dvaita pAramArthika sat nahIM hai, kintu advaita kA vivarta hai| isakA hetu dete hue AcArya zaMkara kahate haiM- yathAgniH zItatAm, taccAniSTaM svbhaavvaipriitygmnm| sarvapramANavirodhAt / arthAt jaise agni zItalatA ko prApta nahIM karatI, kyoMki usakA svabhAva uSNatA hai| zItalatA usake svabhAva ke viparIta hai| apane svabhAva se viparIta dazA ko prApta ho jAnA sabhI pramANoM se viruddha hone ke kAraNa iSTa nahIM hai| isa prakAra advaita ke dvaita nahIM banane meM svabhAva hI kAraNa hai| ataH svabhAva se viparIta koI kArya nahIM ho sakatA na bhavatyamRtaM martya na martyamamRtaM tathA / 30 prakRteranyathAbhAvo na kathaMcidbhaviSyati / / " arthAt loka meM amara vastu kabhI bhI maraNazIla nahIM hotI aura na maraNazIla kabhI amara hotI hai, kyoMki koI bhI vastu apane svabhAva ke viparIta nahIM ho sakatI hai| gItA meM svabhAva kA pratipAdana gItA meM mAnava-svabhAva ke AdhAra para varNa-bheda pratipAdita huA haibrAhmaNakSatriyavizAM zUdrANAM ca paraMtapa / karmANi pravibhaktAni svabhAvaprabhavairguNaiH / / arthAt brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdroM ke karttavya va karma unake svAbhAvika guNoM ke AdhAra para vibhakta kie gae haiN| rAmAnujabhASya meM inakI svAbhAvika pravRttiyoM kA spaSTa varNana samupalabdha hai| vahA~ para unhoMne svakIya bhAva ko svabhAva kahA hai| 'brAhmaNasya svabhAvaprabhavo rajastamo'bhibhavena udbhUtaH sattvaguNaH sattva kI pradhAnatA brAhmaNa meM svabhAva se hai| isa sattva guNa kI adhikatA se hI brAhmaNa indriyoM va antaHkaraNa kA niyAmaka, tapasvI, kSamAzIla, sarala, vidvAn tathA Astika banatA hai| 24 'kSatriyasya svabhAvaprabhavaH sattvatamaso abhibhavena udbhUto rajoguNaH 5 kSatriya meM sattva va tamo guNa gauNa aura rajoguNa mukhya hotA hai| rajoguNa kI mukhyatA se kSatriya svAbhAvika rUpa se zauryayukta, tejazIla, dhairyazAlI, nipuNa, 33

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svabhAvavAda 139 vIrayoddhA, dAnI aura Izvarabhakta hotA hai / " ataH gItA meM madhusUdana arjuna ko upadeza dete hue kahate haiM svabhAvajena kaunteya nibaddhaH svena karmaNA / kartuM necchasi yanmohAtkariSyasyavazo'pi tt|| 7 he kuntIputra arjuna! apane svabhAvaja karma se baMdhA huA tU yadi moha se yuddha karanA nahIM cAhegA to bhI vivaza huA use kregaa| 'vaizyasya svabhAvaprabhavaH sattvarajo'bhibhavena alpodiktaH tamoguNaH, zUdrasya svabhAvaprabhavaH tu rajaH sattvAbhibhavena atyuktiH tamoguNaH 18 arthAt sattva aura rajoguNa ko dabAkara alpatamo guNa utpanna hone se vaizya tathA adhikatama guNa utpanna hone se zUdra varNa hotA hai| kRSi, gorakSA aura vyApAra- ye vaizya ke svabhAvaja karma hai tathA zUdra kA svabhAvaja karma sevA hai / 39 isa prakAra varNa bheda meM svabhAva kI kAraNatA spaSTa rUpeNa svIkRta hai| gItA meM anyatra bhI svabhAva kA mahattva sthApita hai, yathA na kartRtvaM na karmANi lokasya sRjati prabhuH / na karmaphalasaMyogaM svabhAvastu pravartate / / 40 loka (bhUta-prANiyoM) ke kartRtva, karma aura karmaphala saMyoga kI prabhu ne racanA nahIM kI hai, apitu svabhAva ina sabameM pravRtta huA hai| arthAt svabhAva se hI samasta jagat evaM kArya saMcAlita haiN| rAmAyaNa meM svabhAva kI kAraNatA AdikAvya 'rAmAyaNa' meM bhagavAn rAmacandra bAlI kI mRtyu ke avasara para sugrIva ko manuSya aura jagat kI paravazatA ko samajhAte hue kahate haiM- 'na kartA kasyacit kazcinniyoge nApi cezvaraH svabhAve vartate lokaH 1 arthAt koI bhI puruSa na to svatantratApUrvaka kisI kAma ko kara sakatA hai aura na kisI dUsare ko usameM lagAne kI zakti rakhatA hai| yaha sArA jagat svabhAva ke adhIna hai| isa prakAra yahA~ bhI sarvatra svabhAva kI kAraNatA ke mAdhyama se 'svabhAvavAda' pratiSThita huA hai| mahAbhArata meM svabhAvavAda kA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana mahAbhArata meM kaurava-pANDava kI kathA ke sAtha-sAtha prasaMgAnusAra usa samaya kI dArzanika mAnyatAoM kA bhI pratipAdana huA hai| tadanusAra kucha loga kArya kI

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140 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa siddhi meM puruSArtha ko pradhAna kAraNa mAnate haiM to dUsare daiva ko pradhAnatA dete haiN| 'svabhAvaM bhUtacintakAH' dvArA svabhAva ko kArya-siddhi kA hetu svIkAra karane vAle bhUtacintakoM kA mata bhI prakAza meM AyA hai| ye bhUta-cintaka arthAt svabhAvavAdI pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu aura AkAza ke yoga se jagat evaM jagat ke padArthoM kI racanA mAnate haiN| jagat kA sarjana aura vinAza donoM paMcabhUtoM ke milane aura bichur3ane se hotA hai| paMcabhUtoM kA eka aura aneka honA svabhAva se hI hotA hai, ata: kahA hai dhAtavaH paMca bhUteSu, khaM vAyuyotiSo dhraa| te svabhAvena tiSThanti, viyujyante svbhaavtH||12 sabhI bhAva aura abhAva svabhAvakRta haiM tathA svabhAva se hI prerita hokara zubha, azubha Adi sabhI guNa manuSya meM praveza karate haiN| prajJA aura zAMti bhI svabhAva se prApta hotI hai tathA dRSTi patha meM Ane vAlI sabhI vastue~ bhI svabhAva se banatI hai| ina sabameM puruSArtha kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, ata: 'maiMne yaha kiyA' isa prakAra kA abhimAna vRthA hai| kaI bAra aniSTa kI niSpatti aura iSTa kI nivRtti binA prayatna ke svAbhAvika rUpa se dekhane meM AtI hai, kintu kucha sAdhu-asAdhu manuSya aniSTa aura iSTa ke prati AtmA ko kartA svIkAra karate haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki binA svabhAva ke puruSArtha se hI saba kucha mAnane vAloM kI prajJA doSayukta hai|5|| yadi Atmazreya ke lie manuSya svayaM nizcaya se kartA ho to manuSya kI hara eka pravRtti saphala honI cAhie, kahIM bhI niSphalatA nahIM honI cAhie, para aisA nahIM hotaa| ata: svabhAva kI pradhAnatA mAnanI caahie| svabhAvAdeva tatsarvamiti me nizcitA mtiH| AtmapratiSThA prajJA vA, mama nAsti tto'nythaa|| sukha-duHkha Adi sabhI viSaya svabhAva se hI banate haiN| AtmapratiSThA aura prajJA svabhAva ke sivAya anya prakAra se nahIM bana sktii| prANiyoM ke janma aura maraNa svabhAva se niyata hai| amuka ne amuka kA vadha kiyA aura amuka ne amuka kA vadha nahIM kiyA, ye donoM hI mAnyatAe~ asatya haiN| mahAbhArata meM jahA~ eka sthAna para svabhAvavAda kA nirUpaNa prApta hotA hai, vahIM dUsare sthAna para nirasana bhI samupalabdha hai, yathA

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svabhAvavAda 141 yastu pazyAn svabhAvena vinaabhaavmcetnH| puSyate ca punaH sarvAn prajJayA mukthetukaan||" jo yaha samajhatA hai ki yaha jagat svabhAva se hI utpanna hai, isakA koI cetana mUla kAraNa nahIM hai| vaha ajJAnI manuSya vyartha tarkayukta buddhi dvArA heturahita vacanoM kA bAra-bAra poSaNa karatA rahatA hai| indriyoM dvArA upalabdha na hone se Izvara jaisA koI jagat kA kAraNa nahIM hai, vastugata svabhAva hI jagat kA kAraNa hai| isa prakAra kI kAraNatA svIkAra karane vAle svabhAvavAdI Izvara ke astitva ko usI prakAra nakArate haiM jisa prakAra mUMja ke bhItara rahI huI sIMka kI sattA ko| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki muMja ke bhItara sthita dikhAyI na dene vAlI sIMka mUMja ke cIra DAlane para avazya upalabdha hotI hai, isI taraha samasta jagat meM vyApta paramAtmA indriyoM dvArA dikhAI nahIM dene para bhI divya jJAna ke dvArA avazya pratyakSa hote haiN| ataH svabhAvavAdiyoM kA mantavya ucita nahIM hai| svabhAvavAdI ko nAstika kahate hue unake mArga ko akalyANakArI mAnA hai| jise mahAbhArata ke nimna zloka pramANita karate haiM ye cainaM pakSamAzritya nivrtntylpmedhsH| svabhAvaM kAraNaM jJAtvA na zreyaH prApnuvanti te|| svabhAvo hi vinAzAya mohakarma mnobhvH| niruktametayoretat svbhaavpribhaavyoH||51 arthAt jo mandabuddhi mAnava isa nAstika mata kA avalambana karake svabhAva hI ko kAraNa jAnakara paramezvara kI upAsanA se nivRtta ho jAte haiM, ve kalyANa ke bhAgI nahIM hote haiN| nAstika loga jo svabhAvavAda kA Azraya lekara Izvara aura adRSTa kI sattA ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, yaha unakA moha janita kArya hai, svabhAvavAda mUDhoM kI kalpanA mAtra hai| yaha mAnavoM ko paramArtha se vaMcita karake unakA vinAza karane ke lie hI upasthita kiyA gayA hai| yadi sabhI kArya svabhAva se sampanna ho jAte to koI bhI bhUmi ko jotane meM, anAja ke bIjoM kA saMgraha karane meM tathA yAna, Asana aura gRha-nirmANa Adi kAryoM meM pravRtta hI na hotaa| krIr3A ke lie sthAna aura rahane ke lie ghara banAnA, rogoM kA upacAra karanA Adi kArya cetana prANI svabhAva se na karake puruSArtha se karate haiN|52 isa

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142 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa taraha svabhAva mAtra ko kAraNa mAnane para hamAre sabhI dainika kArya avaruddha ho jAeMge aura hamArA jIvana sthAvara ke samAna ho jaaegaa| ataH svabhAvavAdiyoM kA mata avyAvahArika hai| saMskRta sAhitya meM svabhAvavAda kA svarUpa saMskRta sAhityika granthoM meM bhI dArzanika matoM kA ullekha yatra-tatra prApta hotA hai| bRhatsaMhitA, buddhacarita, paMcataMtra, hitopadeza Adi meM 'svabhAva' viSayaka vibhinna zloka milate haiN| svabhAvavAda ke prasaMga meM ina sabakA vivaraNa nIce diyA jA rahA hai| buddhacaritta meM jIva ke janma meM, garbha meM Ane para usake zArIrika vikAsa meM, jIvana bhara ke zubha-azubha kAryoM meM, usakI aindriyaka pravRtti meM, rugNatA va vRddhAvasthA meM, anta meM usake mokSa-gamana meM tathA prakRti kI vicitratA meM svabhAva hI kAraNa hai, kahIM bhI prayatna kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| aisA mantavya buddhacarita meM pratipAdita huA hai kecitsvabhAvAditi varNayanti zubhAzubhaM caiva bhavAbhavau c| svAbhAvikaM sarvamidaM ca yasmAdato'pi mogho bhavati prytnH|| yadindriyANAM niyataH pracAraH priyApriyatvaM viSayeSu caiv| saMyujyate yajjarayArtibhizca kastatra yatno nanu sa svbhaavH||53 zubha, azubha, janma evaM mRtyu svabhAva se hote haiN| indriyoM kI priya evaM apriya viSayoM meM pravRtti svAbhAvika rUpa se hotI hai| jarA Adi roga bhI svata: hI hote haiN| isa prakAra ina sabameM prayatna karanA vyartha hai| jala se agni kA bujhanA aura agni se jala kA sUkhanA, vibhinna prakAra ke paMcabhUtoM kA eka hokara jagat bananA, garbhastha zizu ke hAtha-paira, udara Adi vibhinna zArIrika aMgoM kA nirmANa honA va AtmA se unakA saMyoga honA- ina sabhI ko rahasyajJAtA svAbhAvika mAnate haiN|14 prAkRtika vicitratA meM bhI svabhAva hI kAraNa hai, yathAkaH kaNTakasya prakaroti taikSNyaM vicitrabhAvaM mRgapakSiNAM vaa| svabhAvataH sarvamidaM pravRttaM na kAmacAro'sti kutaH prytnH||55

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svabhAvavAda 143 kA~ToM meM tIkSNatA-nukIlApana kisane paidA kiyA, kisane una kA~ToM ko ghisakara painA kiyA hogA? hariNa tathA pakSiyoM ke vicitra svabhAva kisane kie| pakSiyoM ke aneka raMga ke para, unakI madhura pUjana, hiraNa kI sundara A~kheM, usakA chalA~geM bharakara kUdanA- phA~danA ye saba svabhAva se hI haiN| bRhatsaMhitA meM bRhatsaMhitA meM jagadutpatti ke prasaMga meM aneka vikalpoM kA ullekha karate hue varAhamihira ne svabhAvavAda kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai kapilaH pradhAnamAha davyAdIn kaNabhugasya vishvsy| kAlaM kAraNameke svabhAvamapare jaguH krm||56 sAMkhyazAstra ke AcArya kapila isa jagat kA kAraNa pradhAna arthAt prakRti ko kahate haiN| kaNAda muni dravyAdi padArthoM ko jagat kA kAraNa batAte haiN| koI paurANika 'kAla' ko jagat kA kAraNa mAnate haiN| dUsare vidvAn svabhAva ko jagat kA kAraNa samajhate haiM aura mImAMsaka karma ko kAraNa jAnate haiN| paMcatantra meM vastu kA sva-gata bhAva hI svabhAva hai| svabhAva kabhI parivartita nahIM hotaa| lAkhoM prayatna karane ke bAvajUda bhI kAle kaue ko ujalA nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| vizeSa bAharI nimitta ke saMyoga meM rakhane para bhI vastu apanA mUla svabhAva nahIM chodd'tii| ina bhAvoM ko viSNu zarmA ne paMcataMtra meM nimna rUpa meM vyakta kiyA hai| svabhAvo nopadezena zakyate krtumnythaa| sutaptamapi pAnIyaM punargacchati shiittaam|| yadi svAcchItalo vahniH shiitaaNshurdhnaatmkH| na svabhAvo'tra mAnAM zakyate krtumnythaa||57 upadeza se kisI ke svabhAva kA parivartana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jaise atyadhika garama huA pAnI bhI kucha samaya bAda punaH apane svabhAva ko arthAt zItalatA ko prApta ho jAtA hai| cAhe agni zItala ho jAe aura candramA Aga ugalane lage, kintu manuSya kA svabhAva parivartana kara denA saMbhava nahIM hai|

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144 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa hitopadeza meM svabhAva ko sabhI guNoM meM sarvopari batAte hue hitopadeza meM kahA gayA haisarvasya hi parIkSyante svabhAvA netare gunnaaH| atItya hi guNAn sarvAn svabhAvo mUrdhni vrtte| na dharmazAstraM paThatIti kAraNaM na cA'pi vedAdhyayanaM duraatmnH| svabhAva evA'tra tathA'tiricyate yathA prakRtyA madhuraM gavAM pyH||18 sabhI guNoM meM svabhAva mUrdhanya hotA hai| ataH sabhI ke svabhAva kI hI parIkSA kI jAtI hai na ki anya guNoM kii| jaise- gau kA dUdha svabhAva se hI madhura hotA hai, vaise hI jo vyakti svabhAva se hI sattvaguNI satpuruSa ho, usakI hI dharma meM pravRtti hotI hai| jo svabhAva se hI duSTa ho usane cAhe kaI dharmazAstra aura veda kA adhyayana bhale hI kara liyA ho to bhI usakI duSTatA tathA adharmAcaraNa dUra nahIM hote| hitopadeza meM 'mitralAbha' prakaraNa meM mAtA-pitA, mitra, pazu Adi ke svabhAva ko aparivartanazIla batAyA hai mAtA mitraM pitA ceti svabhAvAt tritayaM hitm| kAryakAraNatazcA'nye bhavanti hitbuddhyH|| tirazcAmapi vizvAso dRSTaH punnyaikkrmnnaam| satAM hi sAdhuzIlatvAt svabhAvo na nivrtte||59 mAtA, mitra aura pitA ye tInoM svabhAva se hI hita karane vAle hote haiM aura dUsare to kArya-kAraNa rUpI svArtha ke lie hitakArI bana jAte haiN| iMsAnoM ke sAtha kevala puNyazIla kAryoM ko karane vAle pazuoM kA bhI vizvAsa karanA chie| kyoMki jo sAdhu svabhAva vAle hote haiM, unakA satsvabhAva kabhI nahIM badalatA hai| anta meM paMDita nArAyaNa ne svabhAva ko nitya evaM daratikramya svIkAra karate hue kahA hai- 'yaH svabhAvo hi yasyAsti sa nityaM duratikramaH 60 arthAt jisakA jo svabhAva hai vaha sarvadA rahane vAlA tathA amiTa hotA hai| dArzanika kRtiyoM meM svabhAvavAda kI carcA sAMkhyakArikA aura usakI vRtti meM svabhAvavAda sAMkhyakArikA meM jarA-maraNAdi duHkhoM meM svabhAva kI kAraNatA svIkAra kI hai

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tatra jarAmaraNakRtaM duHkhaM prApnoti cetanaH puruSaH / liMgasyAvinivRttestasmAd duHkhaM svabhAvena / / 1 arthAt liMga zarIra aura puruSa kA bhedajJAna na rahane ke kAraNa cetana puruSa zarIrAdi meM utpanna jarA-maraNa hetuka duHkha bhogatA hai| yaha duHkha svabhAva se hI hotA hai| svabhAvavAda 145 jyotiSamatI vyAkhyA'' meM aura adhika spaSTa karate hue kahA hai- "liMga kI vinivRtti jaba taka na ho taba taka duHkha prApti calatI rhegii| liMga jaba taka vyakta rahegA taba taka yaha vaiSayika cAMcalya dvArA caMcala hotA rahegA- yaha cAMcalya hI duHkha kA maulika svarUpa hai| isa prakAra liMga zarIra kI vinivRtti taka duHkha svabhAva se prApta hotA rahatA hai| sAMkhyakArikA kI mATharavRtti meM Izvara, svabhAva, kAla kI jagat kAraNatA kA anya mata ke rUpa meM kathana kara svamata (sAMkhyamata) kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| ataH aMta meM prakRti ko jagadutpatti kA mUla kahA hai| svabhAva kI kAraNatA ko mATharavRtti meM isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA gayA hai 'apare svbhaavmaahuH| svabhAva: kAraNamiti / ' tathAhi 63 nAtra kAraNam / / 'kena zuklIkRtA haMsAH zukAzca haritIkRtAH / svabhAvavyatirekeNa vidyate kucha svabhAva ko jagat kA kAraNa mAnate hue kahate haiM ki haMsoM ke sapheda aura totoM ke harita hone meM svabhAva ke atirikta anya koI kAraNa nahIM hai| AcArya mAThara isa mata kA nirAkaraNa karate hue kahate haiM- "svabhAvo nAma na kazcid padArtho'sti / yataH prajAnAmutpattisaMgatiH syAt / tasmAt brUte svabhAva: kAraNamiti tanmithyA / 64 svabhAva koI atirikta padArtha nahIM hai| jisase ki jagat kI utpatti mAnI jaae| ataH jo koI svabhAva ko jagat kA kAraNa mAnate hai, vaha ThIka nahIM hai| nyAyasUtra (150 I.) evaM nyAyabhASya ( cauthI zatI) meM svabhAvavAda kA vimarza akSapAda gautama ke nyAyasUtra evaM vAtsyAyana ke nyAyabhASya meM svabhAvavAda ko cArvAkamata svIkAra karate hue usakA upasthApana evaM khaNDana kiyA hai, jisakA sArAMza isa prakAra hai

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146 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa svabhAvavAda kA upasthApana- 'animittato bhAvotpatti: kaNTakataikSNyA-didarzanAt 5 arthAt kA~Te Adi meM binA kAraNa (svAbhAvika) tIkSNatA dikhAI par3atI hai, isI prakAra saMsAra ke samasta bhAvarUpa kAryoM kI utpatti binA kAraNa (svAbhAvika) hI hotI hai| isa mata ko aura spaSTa karate hue vAtsyAyana bhASya meM kahA gayA hai- "kaNTakataikSNyAdidarzanAt kaNTakasya taikSNyam, parvatadhAtUnAM citratA, grAvNAM zlakSNatA, nirnimittaM copAdAnaM dRSTaM tathA shriiraadisrgo'piiti|"jis prakAra kAMToM meM tIkSNatA, parvata ke geru Adi dhAtu dravyoM meM vicitratA, grAvA (pattharoM) meM zlakSNatA (cikanAhaTa) yaha saba binA nimitta ke dikhAI par3ate haiM, usI prakAra zarIrAdi kI racanA bhI binA nimitta kAraNa ke hI hotI hai, yaha siddha hotA hai| khaNDana - (i) animittanimittatvAnnAnimittata:66- cArvAka bhAvarUpa kAryoM kI utpatti meM sabhI kAraNoM ko asvIkAra karate hue usakI svAbhAvika Akasmika utpatti hI mAnate haiN| ve jisa animitta (svabhAva) ke sadbhAva se kArya ko niSpanna mAnate haiM, vahI animitta usa kArya kA nimitta kAraNa hai| ataH animitta hI nimitta hone se cArvAka mata kA svataH khaNDana ho jAtA hai| (ii) nimittAnimittayorarthAntarabhAvAdapratiSedhaH- nimitta aura nimitta kA niSedha rUpa animitta bhinna (arthAntara) haiN| isa kArya meM yaha kAraNa hai yA nahIM hai, aisI pratIti hone se nimitta tathA animitta donoM kA bheda spaSTa hai| isalie kArya kI kAraNatA kA niSedha nahIM ho sakatA hai| jisa prakAra kamaNDala meM jala nahIM hai, yaha kahane se jala kA kamaNDala meM niSedha bhale hI ho, kintu jalamAtra kA niSedha nahIM hotA usI prakAra tIkSNatA kI animittatA nimitta yA kAraNamAtra kA niSedha nahIM kara sktii| - isa prakAra kAraNavAda kA niSedha karanA zakya nahIM hai| vAkyapadIya meM svabhAva kI kAraNatA kAraNa-kArya ke saMbaMdha meM vAkyapadIya meM bhartahari ne kAraNa meM kArya ko utpanna karane kA svabhAva yA sAmarthya aMgIkAra kiyA hai| yadi kArya kA pratiniyata kAraNa na mAnA jAe to kAraNa kA anya kAraNa evaM usakA bhI anya kAraNa mAnanA hogA, jisase anavasthA doSa upasthita hogaa| anta meM koI na koI mUla kAraNa svIkAra karanA hogaa| sAMkhyadarzana meM mUla kAraNa pradhAna prakRti hai, usase hI vyakta prakRti utpanna hotI hai| mUla yA pradhAna prakRti kA yaha svabhAva hai ki usase vyakta prakRti

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svabhAvavAda 147 prakaTa hotI hai, kintu usakA yaha svabhAva kyoM hai, isakA uttara avyapadezya hai| ata: isa sthiti meM hetu saMbaMdhI prazna kI paramparA nivRtta ho jAtI hai| jinake mata meM kAraNa anitya hai unake anusAra hetu kI zakti yA sAmarthya hI svabhAva mAnA jAtA hai| hetu meM vaha sAmarthya kyoM hai, isakA uttara avyapadezya hai|69 vAkyapadIya ke dvitIya vAkya kANDa meM svAbhAvikI pratibhA kA vivecana karate hue kahA hai ki kaI prANiyoM meM janmAntara ke abhyAsa se yaha pratibhA upalabdha hotI hai| udAharaNa ke lie svaravRttiM vikurute madhau puMskokilasya kH| jantvAdaya: kulAyAdikaraNe kena shikssitaaH|| basaMta Rtu meM puruSa-kokila svabhAva se hI paMcama svara meM gAna karatA hai| usako kisI prakAra kI zikSA kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| vibhinna prakAra ke prANI svabhAva se hI apanA ghoMsalA yA ghara banAte haiM, unheM kisI prakAra kI zikSA nahIM dI jaatii| makar3I ke dvArA jAlA banAnA, bayA ke dvArA ghoMsalA banAnA unakI svAbhAvikI pratibhA kA nidarzana hai| isI tathya ko spaSTa karate hue Age kahA hai AhAraprItyApadveSaplavanAdikriyASu kH| jAtyAnvayaprasiddhAsu prayoktA mRgpkssinnaam||" AhAra, prIti, apadveSa, plavana Adi kriyAe~ aneka pazuoM aura pakSiyoM meM jAti kula Adi ke AdhAra para svAbhAvika rUpa se pAyI jAtI hai| ise spaSTa karate hue vyAkhyAkAra ne kahA hai- mArjAra kA AhAra mUSaka hotA hai, yaha zikSA mArjAra ko kisI ne nahIM dI vaha svAbhAvika rUpa se apane AhAra ko jAnatA hai| kutte kA apane svAmI ke prati prema svAbhAvika rUpa se hotA hai| isI prakAra vibhinna prANiyoM meM dveSa bhI svAbhAvika mAnA jAtA hai| jaise- mUSaka aura mArjAra meM, gau aura vyAghra meM, sarpa aura nevale meM, azvaM aura mahiSa meM pArasparika dveSa svAbhAvika rUpa se hotA hai| bhaisa, gAya Adi kI jala meM plavana kriyA bhI svAbhAvika hotI hai|72 bauddha grantha tattvasaMgraha meM svabhAvavAda kI carcA svabhAvavAda ke anusAra padArtha yA kArya kI utpatti svataH hotI hai, usameM kisI anya kAraNa kI apekSA nahIM hotii| unakA mantavya hai padArtha svataH hI utpanna hote haiM- 'svata eva bhAvA jAyante iti| 3 bauddha dArzanika zAntarakSita (705 IsvI) dvArA racita tattvasaMgraha meM svabhAvavAda ko prastuta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki svabhAvavAdiyoM ke anusAra padArthoM

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148 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa kI utpatti samasta sva-para kAraNoM se nirapekSa hotI hai| ve usakI utpatti meM para ko hI nahIM 'sva' ko bhI kAraNa nahIM mAnate haiN| tattvasaMgrahakAra ne svabhAvavAda ko spaSTa karate hue nimnAMkita do zloka die hai rAjIvakesarAdInAM vaicitryaM kaH karoti hi| mayUracandrakAdirvA vicitraH kena nirmitH|| yathaiva kaNTakAdInAM taikssnnyaadikmhetukm| kAdAcitkatayA tdvduHkhaadiinaamhetutaa|| kamala ke parAga, nAla, dala(paMkhur3iyA~), karNikA Adi ke AkAra, varNa ityAdi vibhinnatA ko kauna utpanna karatA hai arthAt koI nhiiN| svabhAva hI isameM ekamAtra kAraNa hai| mayUra kA candovA (candraka) Adi kA bhI nirmANa kisI ke dvArA nahIM kiyA gyaa| svabhAva se hI usakI upalabdhi hotI hai| yahI nahIM kA~Te Adi kI tIkSNatA nirhetuka arthAt svAbhAvika hai| isI prakAra duHkha-sukha Adi bhI ahetuka haiN| svabhAva se hI inakA janma hotA hai| jisake hone para hI niyama se kisI kA honA tathA na hone para na honA hI kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta kA AdhAra mAnA jAtA hai, kintu svabhAvavAdiyoM kA kathana hai ki isa kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta meM doSa pAyA jAtA hai| udAharaNa ke lie sparza ke hone para hI rUpa kA cakSurvijJAna hotA hai, nahIM hone para nahIM hotA, (rUpI padArtha meM rUpa ke sAtha rasa, gandha evaM sparza sadaiva rahate haiM) kintu sparza ko cakSurvijJAna kA kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isalie kArya-kAraNa bhAva kA uparyukta lakSaNa (yasya bhAvAbhAvayoryasya- bhAvAbhAvI niyamena bhavataH, tattasya kAraNam ) vyabhicArI hai| ata: yaha bAta siddha hai ki padArthoM kI utpatti anya samasta hetuoM se nirapekSa hai'sarvahetu-nirAzaMsaM bhAvAnAM janmeti bauddha darzana dvArA pratipAdita kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta 'pratItyasamutpAda' ke antargata pUrva ghaTa kA sampUrNa vinAza evaM uttaraghaTa kI utpatti meM svabhAva kI hetutA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| amuka kAraNa se amuka kArya kI utpatti hotI hai, isameM hetu kA svabhAva hI mukhya hotA hai- 'tassAhavvaM kiMkaya-maha hetusahAvakatameva arthAt pratipakSI dvArA prazna pUchane para ki vivakSita kAraNa meM usI kArya ko utpanna karane vAlA kauna hai to uttara meM bauddha hetu ke svabhAva ko isakA kartA batalAte haiN| jaise miTTI hI ghar3A utpanna karane ke svabhAva se yukta hai na ki paTa aura taMtu hI paTa ko utpanna karane ke svabhAva vAlA hai na ki ghtt| isa vastu-vyavasthA ke niyama meM sabhI prakAra se vastu kA svabhAva hI pramANita hotA hai|

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svabhAvavAda 149 nyAyakusumAMjali meM AkasmikavAda ke antargata svabhAvavAda udayanAcArya ne nyAyakusumAMjali grantha meM kAraNa-kArya ke saMdarbha meM 'AkasmikavAda' ke antargata svabhAvavAda kI carcA kI hai| AcArya udayana ne 'akasmAt' zabda ke pA~ca arthoM kA nirUpaNa karate hue unakI samAlocanA kI hai tathA kArya kI utpatti ke lie niyata dezavRtti vAle kAraNa kI sthApanA kI hai| 'akasmAta' ke pA~ca artha isa prakAra kie gae haiM- 1. kAryoM kA koI bhI kAraNa nahIM hai| 2. kAryoM kI utpatti hI nahIM hotii| 3. kArya svayaM apane dvArA hI utpanna hote haiN| 4. gaganakusumAdi kI taraha kisI bhI anupAkhya padArtha se sabhI kAryoM kI utpatti hotI hai| 5. svabhAva se hI sabhI kArya utpanna hote haiN| 'akasmAt' zabda ke ina pA~coM arthoM kA AcArya udayana ne kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta kI dRSTi se khaNDana kiyA hai| khaNDana saMbaMdhI tarka-vitarka yahA~ prastuta hai pUrvapakSa- sabhI kArya akAraNa yAnI binA kAraNa akasmAt bhI ho jAte haiN| ata: kAryoM kA koI bhI kAraNa nahIM hai| uttara pakSa- naiyAyika ke anusAra yaha mata asaMgata hai| kyoMki aisA mAnane para kAraNa se nirapekSa kAryotpatti mAnanI hogii| kAraNa se nirapekSa kA tAtparya hai kArya kAraNa kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA hai aura vaha binA kisI kAraNa ke utpanna ho jAtA hai| isase pratyeka samaya meM sabhI kAryoM kI utpatti hotI rahegI kyoMki 'kAraNoM kA abhAva' jo ki kAryotpatti kA hetu hai, vaha hara samaya upalabdha hai| kAryotpatti aura kArya kI anutpatti donoM meM kAraNa kI sattA nahIM mAnanA anubhava viruddha hai| pUrvapakSa- 'akasmAt' se tAtparya kAryoM kA utpanna nahIM honA hai| uttarapakSa- 'akasmAdeva bhavati' vAkya se kAryoM kI utpatti ko asvIkAra karane vAlA pakSa hama naiyAyikoM ko svIkArya nahIM hai| kAraNa ki yaha mAna lene para ekatrita kAraNoM ke pUrva tathA pazcAt donoM hI kAla meM kArya saMbhava nahIM ho paaegaa| aisI sthiti meM kAraNoM ke vidyamAna hone para bhI kArya nahIM hogA aura avidyamAna hone para bhI kArya nahIM hogaa| ukta donoM paristhitiyoM meM antara nahIM hone se 'akasmAt' kA yaha artha upayukta nahIM hai| pUrvapakSa- kArya anya kAraNoM kI apekSA na rakhate hue 'sva' se hI utpanna hotA hai|

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150 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa uttarapakSa- kArya kI utpatti meM 'svayaM kArya' hI kAraNa hai| isa mata se bhI siddhAntapakSI naiyAyika asahamata hai / ghaTa kI utpatti meM svayaM ghaTa hI kAraNa hai, yaha mAnanA kaise ucita ho sakatA hai, jabaki vyavahAra meM hamezA miTTI se ghaTa banatA huA dekhA jAtA hai / utpatti se pahale 'sva' rUpa usa vastu (kArya) kI sattA saMbhava nahIM hone se svayaM kArya hI apanI utpatti meM kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA hai, kyoMki jisa samaya jisa vastu kI apanI hI sattA nahIM hai, usa vastu meM Age ke kSaNoM meM 'sva' rUpa usI kArya ke utpAdana kI kSamatA nahIM hotii| do bhinna vastuoM meM rahane vAlA paurvAparya kA saMbaMdha kAraNa-kArya meM niyama se hotA hai| cUMki yahA~ kAraNa aura kArya donoM eka hI vastu hai isalie paurvAparya saMbaMdha ghaTita nahIM hotA hai| isa prakAra yahA~ kAraNa- kArya siddhAnta hI doSapUrNa ho jAtA hai| pUrvapakSa- anupAkhya yAnI aprasiddha kisI padArtha se sabhI kAryoM kI utpatti honA, akasmAt kA artha hai| aprasiddha arthAt kArya ke prati kisI niyata kAraNa kA na honA, yaha akasmAt rUpa se kAryotpatti kahalAtI hai| jaise- paTa ke prati tantu, ghaTa ke prati miTTI, dhue~ ke prati agni Adi prasiddha yA niyata kAraNa haiN| ina niyata kAraNoM se kAryotpatti na honA Akasmika utpatti hai| uttarapakSa- kisI bhI vastu se kisI kA utpanna ho jAnA mAneMge to eka hI vastu se sabhI kArya yA sabhI vastuoM se eka hI kArya hone lgegaa| jaise miTTI se vastra, ghaTa, pazu-pakSI, miTTI, jala, AkAza, agni, vAyu Adi sabhI kA utpanna honA yA vastra, pazu-pakSI, miTTI, jala, AkAza, agni, vAyu Adi sabhI se ghaTa kA hI utpanna honaa| kisI nizcita kAraNa ke upasthita hone para niyamita rUpa se usI kArya kA honA usa vastu kA 'utpatti kAla' hai| kintu kisI bhI vastu ko sabhI kAryoM kA kAraNa mAna lene para pUrvokta utpatti kAla se pUrva hI kArya sampanna ho jaaegaa| jisase kAryoM meM nityatva kI Apatti hogI aura kAdAcitkatva (akasmAt ) anupapanna ho jaaegaa| uparyukta cAroM artho ko pUrNarUpa se naiyAyika asvIkAra karate haiM, kintu pA~caveM artha svabhAva ke viziSTa svarUpa ko mAnate haiN| usakI carcA nIce kI gaI hai pUrvapakSI ke anusAra naiyAyika niyata deza-kAla rUpa meM svabhAva ko mAnate haiN| paTa ke prati tantu, turI, vemA Adi sabhI sAdhana kAraNa haiM, phira bhI paTa kI utpatti tantuoM meM hI hotI hai yA ghaTa kI utpatti kapAloM meM hI hotI hai| isake pIche niyata deza vRttitva kAraNa hai| jisakA niyAmaka 'svabhAva' ko chor3akara koI anya kAraNa nahIM

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svabhAvavAda 151 ho sakatA hai| usI prakAra sabhI kAryoM kA niyata kAla meM utpanna honA bhI svabhAva hai| jise naiyAyika 'kAdAcitkatva' kahate haiN| ata: niyata deza-kAla rUpa meM naiyAyika bhI svabhAva ko aMgIkAra karate haiN| pUrvapakSa- svabhAva se hI sabhI kArya akasmAt hote haiN| svabhAva hI vastu kA utpattikAraka hai| ata: pUrvapakSI kahate haiM- 'santu ye kecidavadhayo na tu te'pekSyanta iti svabhAvArthaH,2 isa vAkya kA itanA hI tAtparya hai ki ghaTa Adi kAryoM ke utpatti ke pUrva daNDa Adi avadhi yA kAraNa vidyamAna bhI rahate haiM, phira bhI kArya kI utpatti meM una avadhiyoM (kAraNoM) kI apekSA nahIM hotii| arthAt ghaTAdi kArya apane svabhAva se hI utpanna hote haiN| uttarapakSa- kArya kI utpatti ke lie daNDAdi kAraNoM kI apekSA nahIM hone kA kyA tAtparya hai? isake do artha saMbhAvita haiM- 1. daNDa Adi padArtha rUpa kAraNa ghaTa Adi kAryoM se avyavahita pUrva kSaNa meM niyata rUpa se nahIM rhte| 2.niyata rUpa se rahane para bhI ghaTa Adi kAryoM kI utpatti meM upakAra nahIM krte| uparyukta donoM pakSoM meM se prathama pakSa upayukta nahIM hai, kyoMki kArya yadi apane avyavahita pUrva kSaNa meM niyata rUpa se na rahane vAle padArthoM se bhI utpanna ho sakate haiM to phira jisa prakAra dhUma rUpa kArya kI avadhi agni hotI hai| usI prakAra rAsabha bhI dhUma kI avadhi ho sakatA hai| yadi dUsarA pakSa svIkAra kiyA jAe to upakAra kI AvazyakatA hI kahA~ hai| kArya kI utpatti se avyavahita pUrva kSaNa meM niyata rUpa se rahane rUpa kAraNa kI hI apekSA hotI hai| vaha alaga se koI upakAra nahIM karatA, usakI niyata pUrvakSaNa vRttitA hI kAraNa banatI hai| yathA- avadhi-kapAla Adi ghaTakArya ke niyata pUrvavartI hote haiM, phira unase ghaTa Adi meM koI upakAra nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra kA svabhAvavAda to hama naiyAyikoM ko bhI iSTa hai|3| naiyAyikoM ko aniyatapUrvavRtti meM svabhAva ko kArya kI utpatti meM kAraNa mAnanA iSTa nahIM hai| jabaki svabhAvavAdI kAraNa-kArya kI vyAkhyA meM svabhAva ke atirikta kisI anya padArtha ko kArya kI utpatti meM kAraNa nahIM mAnate haiN| naiyAyikoM ko svabhAvavAdiyoM kA yaha mantavya iSTa nahIM hai| cArvAka darzana meM svabhAvavAda cArvAka darzana meM jagat kI vicitratA ko svabhAva se hI utpanna mAnA jAtA hai| unakA kathana hai ki agni svabhAva se hI uSNa, jala zItala aura vAyu samasparza

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152 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 84 hotI hai| isalie samasta jagat kI sthiti svAbhAvika hai / " samprati cArvAka darzana ko svabhAvavAda kA agraNI darzana mAnA jAtA hai| jaina granthoM meM svabhAvavAda kA nirUpaNa praznavyAkaraNa sUtra evaM usakI TIkAoM meM eka vyaktigata vicAra yA mata itanA virAT rUpa nahIM grahaNa karatA jitanA ki eka dArzanika mt| dArzanika apane mata kI puSTi meM vibhinna tarka, hetu evaM pramANa prastuta kara janamAnasa meM apanA sthAna banA letA hai| isalie usakA mata dIrghakAla paryanta pracalita rahatA hai aura asaMkhya - asaMkhya logoM ko prabhAvita karatA hai| aise vibhinna martoM kA nAmasmaraNa praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM huA hai, yathA 'jaM vi ihaM kiMci jIvaloe dIsai sukayaM vA dukAM vA eyaM jadicchAe vA sahAveNa vAvi davatappabhAvao vAvi bhava / Natthettha kiMci kayagaM tattaM lakkhaNavihANaNiyattIe kAriyaM evaM kei jaMpaMti / 85 isa jIvaloka meM jo kucha bhI sukRta yA duSkRta dRSTigocara hotA hai, vaha saba yadRcchA se, svabhAva se athavA daivaprabhAva arthAt vidhi ke prabhAva se hI hotA hai| isa loka meM kucha bhI aisA nahIM hai jo kRtaka ( puruSArtha se kiyA gayA) tattva ho / lakSaNa (vastu svarUpa) vidhAna kI kartrI niyati hI hai, aisA koI kahate haiN| prastuta sUtra meM yadRcchAvAdI, svabhAvavAdI, daivavAdI, puruSArthavAdI evaM niyativAdI ke mantavyoM kA ullekha samprApta hai / inakA vistAra pUrvaka vivecana isakI vRtti meM samupalabdha hai| abhayadeva ( gyArahavI zatI) kI vRtti meM 'nApi cAsti prANavadhAlIkavacanama- zubhaphalasAdhanatayeti gamyaM, na caiva naiva ca cauryakaraNaM paradArasevanaM cAstyazubhaphalasAdhanatayaiva, saha parigraheNa yadvartate tatsaparigrahaM tacca tatpApakarmmakaraNaM ca pAtakakriyAsevanaM tadapi nAsti kiMcit, krodhamAnAdyAsevanarUpaM narakAdiko ca jagato vicitratA svabhAvAdeva na karmmajanitA, taduktaM- 'kaNTakasya pratIkSNatvaM, mayUrasya vicitratA / varNAzca tAmracUDAnAM, svabhAvena bhavanti hi / / ' ti, mRSAvAditA caivameteSAM svabhAvo hi jIvAdyarthAntarabhUtastadAprANAtipAtAdijanitaM kammaivAsau athAnarthAntarabhUtastato jIva evAsau tadavyatirekAt tatsvarUpavat, tato nirhetukA nArakAdivicitratA syAt, na ca nirhetukaM kimapi bhavatyatiprasaMgAditi, nairayikartiryagmanujAnAM yoniH - utpattisthAnaM puNyapApakarmaphalabhUtA'stIti tathA na

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svabhAvavAda 153 prakRtaM, na devaloko vA'sti puNyakarmaphalabhUtaH, naivAsti siddhigamanaM siddheH siddhasya cAbhAvAt ambApitarAvapi na staH, utpattimAtranibaMdhanatvAnmAtApitRtvasya na cotpattimAtranibandhanasya mAtApitRtayA vizeSe yuktaH, yataH kuto'pi kiMcidutpAta eva, yathA sacetanAt sacetanaM yUkAmatkRNAdi acetanaM mUtrapurISAdi, acetanAcca sacetanaM yathA kASThAd ghuNakITAdi acetanaM cUrNAdi, tasmAt janyajanakabhAvamAtramarthAnAmasti nAnyomAtApitRputrAdirvizeSa iti, tadbhAvAttadbhogavinAzApamAnAdiSu na doSa iti bhAvo / " dvArA svabhAva kI kAraNatA prastuta huI hai| isameM svabhAvavAdiyoM kI mAnyatA ko prakaTa karate hue kahA hai ki samasta prANiyoM kA vyavahAra pUrvakRta karmoM se nahIM apitu svabhAva se saMcAlita hotA hai| ve apane svabhAva se hI zubha yA azubha kArya karate haiN| nAraka, tiryak aura manuSyoM kI yoniyoM meM utpanna hone rUpa jo jagat kI vicitratA hai, vaha bhI svabhAvajanita hI hai, karmajanita nahIM / kA~Te kA tIkSNa honA, mayUra kA vibhinna varNoM vAlA honA, murge ke vibhinna raMgoM kA honA, yaha saba svabhAva se hI hotA hai| jIvAdi padArtho se svabhAva bhinna hai| prANAMtipAta Adi se utpanna karma jIva se bhinna nahIM hai| karma ko jIva svarUpa mAnane para nAraka Adi jIvoM kI vicitratA nirhetuka ho jAegI, kintu saMsAra meM kucha bhI nirhetuka nahIM hai| nairayika, tiryaMca aura manuSyoM kI utpatti puNya-pApa karmaphala se nahIM hotI / puNya karmaphala se milane vAlA devaloka nahIM hai| siddhi meM gamana bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki siddhi aura siddha kA abhAva hai| utpattimAtra meM kAraNa hone se mAtA-pitA kA koI vaiziSTya nahIM hai, kyoMki kisI se kucha bhI utpanna ho jAtA hai| jaise - sacetana se cetana aura acetana donoM kI utpatti dekhI jAtI hai| jUM, lIMka Adi kI utpatti cetana se cetana aura mala-mUtra Adi cetana se acetana kI utpatti / acetana se cetana kI bhI utpatti dekhI jAtI hai, jaise- lakar3I se dImaka, kITa Adi / acetana se acetana kI utpatti kA udAharaNa- lakar3I se burAdA / mAtA-pitA, putra Adi kA koI vaiziSTya nahIM hai| isalie kArya kI utpatti meM svabhAva ko pRthak kAraNa mAnanA caahie| isake atirikta praznavyAkaraNa sUtra para jJAnavimalasUriviracita vRtti meM bhI svabhAvavAda para cintana huA hai- 'kecit svabhAvabhAvitaM jagat manyante, svabhAvenaiva sarvaH saMpAte zuSThiharItakyAdInAM tiktavirekAdayo guNA svabhAvenaiva / raviruSNaH zazI zItaH sthiro'driH pavanazcalaH / na zmazruH strImukhe hastataleSu na kacodgamaH / / bhavyA'bhavyAdayo bhAvAH svabhAvenaiva jRmbhate, iti arthAt svabhAvavAdI (kucha) kA mantavya hai ki svabhAva se hI jagat aura sAre kArya

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154 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa sampanna hote haiN| sU~Tha meM tiktatA aura haritakI meM virecanazIlatA kA guNa svabhAva se hotA hai| sUrya kA uSNa honA, candramA kA zItala, parvata kA sthira honA aura vAyu kA caMcala honA, strI mukha para zmazru kA na honA aura hatheliyoM meM bAloM kA na uganA, yaha saba svabhAva se hotA hai| isake atirikta bhavya - abhavya bhAva bhI svabhAva se hote haiN| nandIsUtra kI avacUri meM nandIsUtra kI avacUri meM svabhAvavAda isa prakAra prastuta huA hai- 'te hi svabhAvavAdina evaM AhuH - iha sarve bhAvAH svabhAvavazAt upajAyaMte / tathAhimRdaH kumbho bhavati na paTAdi, tantubhyo'pi paTa upajAyate na kumbhAdi, etacca pratiniyataM na tathA svabhAvatAmaMtareNa ghaTakoTIsaMTaMkamATIkate, tasmAtsakalaM idaM svabhAvakRtaM avaseyaM / api cAstAmanyatkAryajAtaM iha muddrapaktiH api na svabhAvamaMtareNa bhavituM arhati, tathAhi- sthAlIMdhanakAlAdisAmagrIbhAve'pi na kAMkaTukamudgAnAM paktiH uplbhyte| tasmAt yadyat bhAve bhavati ( yadabhAve ca na bhavati) tattadanvayavyatirekAnuvidhAyi tat kRtaM iti svabhAvakRtA muddrapaktiH apyeSTavyAH tataH sakalaM evaM idaM vastujAtaM svabhAvahetukaM avaseyaM iti / arthAt svabhAvavAdI kahate haiM - sabhI padArtha svabhAva se utpanna hote haiN| kyoMki miTTI se kuMbha hotA hai paTAdi nahIM, tantu se paTa utpanna hotA hai, kuMbhAdi nhiiN| karor3oM prayatna karane para bhI svabhAva ke binA yaha pratiniyata vyavasthA nahIM banatI, ye sabhI svabhAvakRta hI jAnane caahie| anya kArya hI nahIM, mUMga kA pakanA bhI svabhAva ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai| kyoMki sthAlI, IMdhana, kAla Adi sabhI sAmagrI hone para bhI kaDu mUMga kA pakanA prApta nahIM hotA hai| jisake hone para honA tathA jisake na hone para nahIM honA, yaha anvayavyatireka anuvidhAna bhI svabhAvakRta hai| isa prakAra sabhI vastuoM ko svabhAvahetuka jAnanA caahie| 8 haribhadrasUri viracita loka tattva nirNaya meM AcArya haribhadrasUri (700 se 770 IsvIM zatI) ne pUrvakAlika matoM kA nirUpaNa karate hue 'lokatattva nirNaya' meM jagat kI svAbhAvikatA dvArA 'svabhAvavAda' ko upasthApita kiyA hai yadasattasyotpattistriSvapi kAleSu nizcitaM nAsti / kharazRMgamudAharaNaM tasmAtsvAbhAviko lokaH / / "

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svabhAvavAda 155 jo asat hai usakI utpatti tInoM kAloM meM bhI saMbhava nahIM hai, aisA nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM gadhe ke siiNg| asat jagat kI utpatti tInoM kAla meM nahIM hone se jagat svAbhAvika rUpa se sat yA utpanna hai| aisA siddhAnta sthApita hotA hai| isa siddhAnta kA pratiphala huA ki jagat meM jo-jo sat padArtha haiM, ve sabhI svAbhAvika haiN| jagat meM asat kA astitva nahIM hai, ataH sabhI padArtha svabhAva janya haiN| isa grantha kA eka anya zloka bhI svabhAvavAda kA samarthana karatA hai nadaryAH kaMTakastIkSNa Rjurekazca kuNcitH| phalaM ca vartulaM tasyA, vada kena vinirmit|| bera ke vRkSa kA eka kA~TA tIkSNa va sIdhA to dUsarA vakra hotA hai aura usakA phala gola hotA hai| ye vibhinnatAe~ kauna racatA hai arthAt svabhAvaja hai| zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM svabhAvavAda kA vistRta vivecana zAstravArtA samuccaya meM svabhAvavAda ke aneka pahaluoM para vistAra se sUkSma cintana samprApta hotA hai| svabhAvavAda ke pakSa ko prastuta karate hue aneka tarka die gae haiM, yathA1. jIva ke garbha se lekara svargagamana taka ke sabhI kArya svabhAva se sampanna hote haiM aura svabhAva ke niyamana se hI kArya kA kabhI honA va na honA rUpa kAdAcitkatva saMbhava hotA hai| jise AcArya haribhadrasUri ne nimna prakAra se zlokabaddha kiyA hai na svabhAvAtirekeNa grbhnaalshubhaadikm| yatkiMcijjAyate loke tadasau kAraNaM kil|| 2. AkAza ke eka sthAna meM hone aura eka sthAna meM nahIM hone ke prati svabhAva kI niyAmakatA hai| isake samAna hI ghaTAdi kAryoM ke kAdAcitkatva ke prati bhI svabhAva ke atirikta koI anya kAraNa nahIM hai|92 3. zaMkA- 'utpanna honA' ghaTa kA svabhAva hai| svabhAva vastu meM sadaiva rahatA hai, isa niyama se ghaTa ke sadaiva utpanna hone kI Apatti hogii|93

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156 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 14 samAdhAna- svabhAvavAdI isa zaMkA ko anucita batAte hue kahate haiM- "na, tadahareva bhavanasvabhAvatvAt arthAt jisa samaya jisakI utpatti hotI hai, usa samaya hI utpanna honA usa vastu kA svabhAva hai| ataH svabhAva se saMbaMdhita Apatti nirmUla hai| 4. upAdAna arthAt kAraNa ke svabhAva se kArya yAnI upAdeya ke svabhAva kA sarjana hotA hai, upAdeya ke svabhAva rUpa upakAra kA janaka hone se| 95 upAdAna meM nihita svabhAva ke kAraNa hI kArya nizcita AkAra prakAra ko prApta karatA hai aura apane-apane svabhAva meM avasthita hotA hai| ataH kahA hai- 'sarve bhAvA: svabhAvena svasvabhAve tathA tathA / 16 udAharaNArtha - eka vizeSa prajAti kA Ama kA bIja apanI prajAti ke AkAra-prakAra, raMga-rUpa, svAda vAlA Ama utpanna karatA hai, aisA karane meM vaha kyoM samartha hai? taba uttara hogA svabhAva ke kaarnn| yaha svabhAva usa per3a ke sabhI Amra phala meM abhivyApta hotA hai| isa udAharaNa meM kAryotpatti meM svabhAva kI kAraNatA abhivyaMjita ho rahI hai| 5. utpatti ke sAtha bhAvoM kA nAza bhI unake svabhAva se niyata deza-kAla meM hI hotA hai, kyoMki ve utpatti aura vinAza donoM kAryoM meM svataMtra na hokara apane svabhAva ke prati paratantra hote haiN| 97 6. jo svabhAva ko kAraNa nahIM mAnate haiM, unakA virodha karate hue svabhAvavAdI kahate haiM na vineha svabhAvena muddrapaktirapISyate / tathAkAlAdibhAve'pi nAzvamANasya sA yataH / / " isa saMsAra meM mUMga, azvamASa Adi kA pAka bhI svabhAva ke binA nahIM hotA, kyoMki jisa vastu meM pakane kA svabhAva nahIM hai vaha kAla tathA anya kAraNoM ke vyApAra Adi ke hone para bhI paripakva nahIM hotii| ataH svabhAva se bhinna anya hetu se janya kArya mAnane para svecchAcAra kI Apatti hogii| kaDuka, azvamASa - patharIle ur3ada Adi ko dIrghakAla taka agni, IMdhanAdi kA vilakSaNa saMyoga mila jAe taba bhI ve pAka-svabhAva ke abhAva ke kAraNa pakane meM asamartha hote haiN| isalie jo svabhAva kI kAraNatA ko asvIkAra kara adRSTa ko kAraNa mAnate haiM, vaha doSapUrNa hai|

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svabhAvavAda 157 kaDu Adi kA apAka adRSTa ke vaiSamya se hai, yaha kahanA ucita nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki dRSTa sabhI kAraNoM kA sannidhAna rahane para bhI adRSTa ke abhAva meM kArya kI anutpatti nahIM dekhI jaatii| jaise- daNDa se bala ke sAtha cakra ko calAne para bhI adRSTavaza usameM calana kA pratibaMdha ho jAnA cAhie, para aisA nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| isa prakAra mUMga ke pAka tathA kaDuka azvamASa Adi ke apAka meM aura cakra ke gati tathA Thaharane meM svabhAva kAraNa na ho to vaha kAmAcAra ke atirikta kucha nahIM hai|at: kArya ke janma meM kAmAcAra ke nivAraNArtha unheM svabhAvajanya mAnanA hI nyAyasaMgata hai| 7. jo padArtha tatsvabhAva se arthAt usa kArya ko paidA karane ke anukUla svabhAva se rahita ho, usase kAryotpatti mAnI jAe to atiprasaMga doSa utpanna ho jAtA hai| pratyeka vastu kA apanA svabhAva hotA hai| usake svabhAvAnusAra hI vaha kArya ko utpanna karane meM samartha hotI hai| yadi sabhI vastuoM kI kAryotpatti meM samAna kAraNatA mAnI jAe to miTTI se ghaTa kA utpanna honA evaM paTAdi kA na honA ayuktiyukta ThaharegA- 'tulye tatra mRdaH kumbho na paTAdItyayuktimat 201 zaMkA- yaha doSa vahA~ upasthita hotA hai jahA~ tadutpatti kA niyAmaka svabhAva ho hamAre matAnusAra 'nanu nAtatsvabhAvatvaM02 usa padArtha meM usa kArya ke jananAnukUla svabhAva mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| samAdhAna- 'tajjananaprayojakamucyate yeneyamApattiH saMgacchate 103 arthAt taba kArya kI utpatti kA prayojaka yA niyAmaka kyA hai? jisase isa Apatti kA nivAraNa ho jaae| zaMkA- usa kArya ke sabhI kAraNoM kA sannidhAna hI usa kArya kA prayojaka yA janaka hai| azvamASa nahIM sIjhatA (pakatA) hai, isameM azvamASa kI svarUpa yogyatA hI nahIM hai, aisA mAnane meM kyA Apatti hai? ata: svabhAva ko svIkAra na karane para bhI kArya hone meM koI Apatti yA doSa nahIM hai|04 samAdhAna- 'antaraMgatvAt svabhAva eva kArya hetuH, na tu bAhyakAraNam' svabhAva aMtaraMga hotA hai aura kAraNAntara kA sahayoga bahiraMga hotA hai| ata: miTTI ko apane svabhAva se hI ghaTa kA utpAdaka mAnanA ucita hai, bahiraMga kI sahAyatA se nhiiN|05

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158 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 10. zaMkA - miTTI se ghaTa, sakorA, gamalA, mUrti, zarAva Adi vividha pAtra evaM khilaune Adi aneka prakAra ke kArya hote haiN| ina sabhI kAryoM ke lie miTTI kA sAmAnya svabhAva kAraNa hai yA miTTI kA vizeSa svabhAva ? cUMki svabhAva vizeSa svIkAra karane para hI kArya vizeSa utpanna hoMge, ataH svabhAva meM vailakSaNya mAnanA Avazyaka hai| 106 107 samAdhAna- yaha zaMkA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki svabhAva kA artha hai- 'svasya bhAvaH kAryajananapariNatiH arthAt sva kA kArya ke anukUla pariNata honaa| svabhAvajanya kAryotpatti se tAtparya hai pratyeka vastu tattat kArya ke anukUla pariNAma grahaNa karake tattat kArya ko utpanna karatI hai aura vastu kA yaha pariNAma grahaNa usa vastu ke adhIna hI hotA hai| ataH miTTI se jitane kArya utpanna hote haiM una sabhI kI utpAdanAnukUla alaga-alaga pariNati usameM hotI hai, una pariNatiyoM meM vailakSaNya hone se usake kAryoM meM bhI vilakSaNatA hotI hai / 108 ataH svabhAva se vastu ko kAryotpAdaka mAnane para usa vastu se hone vAle kAryoM meM vailakSaNya kI anupapatti kA ApAdana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kisa vastu meM kisa kArya ke anukUla pariNati hotI hai, isakA nizcaya to usa vastu se hone vAle kAryoM se hI ho sakatA hai| svabhAvavAdI dvArA svayaM Apatti kara usakA nivAraNa karate hue haribhadrasUri (700-770 IsvIM zatI) kahate haiM- 'bIja kA bIjatva svabhAva hI aMkurita hone meM kAraNa hai' yaha bIja kA loka siddha rUpa hai| isa loka siddha svarUpa se hI kAryotpatti mAnI jAegI to bIja se niyata samaya ke pUrva bhI aMkura kI utpatti kI Apatti hogI / bIja aMkura kA utpAdana tabhI kara sakatA hai jaba aMkura ke anya sabhI kAraNoM kA bhI use sannidhAna prApta ho, kintu bIjatva se hI aMkurotpatti mAneMge to kAraNoM ke sannidhAna se pUrva hI bIja kA aMkurita honA saMbhava bana jAegA / 109 isa Apatti nivAraNArtha 'sahakAricakrAnantarbhAvena vilakSaNabIjatvenaivAGkura- hetutvaucityAt 10 se yahI mAnanA ucita hai ki bIja bIjatva rUpa se aMkura kA janaka nahIM hotA, apitu vilakSaNa bIjatva rUpa se arthAt aMkurAnukUla apanI pariNatirUpa svabhAva se janaka hotA hai| zaMkA (samagrakAraNavAdI ) - pUrvokta bIja kI vilakSaNatA meM sahakAricakra ko AdhAyaka mAnanA hogA, anyathA atizayahIna bIja ( loka siddha svarUpa) ko

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svabhAvavAda 159 aMkura kA janaka mAnane para sahAkAricakra ke sannidhAna se pUrva bhI aMkura kI Apatti hogii| ata: svabhAvavAda ko bhI sahakAricakra mAnanA Avazyaka hai| sahAkAri cakra ko mAnane para vilakSaNa bIjatva rUpa se kAraNatva kI kalpanA anAvazyaka ho jaaegii|11 kyoMki lokaprasiddha bIja (sAmAnya) ke svarUpa se aMkurotpatti mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hogii| samAdhAna- uparyukta samAdhAna ucita nahIM hai| kAraNa ki jo jisa kArya kA upAdAna mAnA jAtA hai, usameM pratikSaNa naye-naye pariNAma hote rahate haiM aura una pariNAmoM se naye-naye upAdeya pariNAmoM kI utpatti bhI hotI rahatI hai| ataH pUrva-pUrva upAdAna pariNAmoM ko uttarottara hone vAle tattat upAdeya pariNAmoM ke prati kAraNa mAna lene se svabhAvavAda meM sahakAricakra kI kalpanA anAvazyaka ho jAtI hai| zaMkA- upAdAna ko lokaprasiddha sAmAnya rUpa se upAdeya (kArya) kA kAraNa mAnane para pUrvokta Apatti (sahakAricakra ke sannidhAna se pUrva aMkurotpatti) kA parihAra cakra kI kalpanA ke binA nahIM ho sktaa| ata: svabhAvavAdI ko sahakAricakra kI kalpanA kAryotpatti meM mAnanA hI ucita hai| 12 samAdhAna-pUrva-pUrvopAdAnapariNAmAnAmevottarottaropAdeyapariNAmahetutvAt 13 arthAt pUrva-pUrva upAdAna pariNAmoM ko uttarottara hone vAle tattat upAdeya pariNAmoM meM hetuhetumadbhAva mAnane se kAlavAda ke praveza kI AzaMkA bhI samApta ho jAtI hai| yathA- sAmAnya bIja se vRkSotpatti kArya meM katipaya varSa kI avadhi kI kAraNatA ke binA Amra-vRkSa nahIM hotA hai| isameM kAla kI kAraNatA praviSTa hai, kintu pUrva kSaNa ke bIja ke svarUpa ko uttara kSaNa ke vRkSa ke svarUpa meM kAraNa mAnane para kAla rUpa kAraNa kA hastakSepa kArya meM nahIM hotaa| zaMkA- (i) svabhAvavAdI ke anusAra bIja kA jo carama kSaNAtmaka pariNAma hotA hai usase aMkura kA prathama kSaNAtmaka pariNAma utpanna hotA hai| dvitIya, tRtIya Adi kSaNa pariNAmoM kI utpatti carama kSaNAtmaka pariNAma se na hokara aMkura ke prathama kSaNa se dvitIya aura dvitIya kSaNa se tRtIya kSaNa kI utpatti huI hai| ata: upAdAna ke kSaNa pariNAmoM ko upAdeya ke kSaNa pariNAmoM ke prati tattadvyaktitva rUpa se hI kAraNa mAnanA hogaa| kintu yahA~ prazna upasthita hotA hai ki yadi anugata rUpa (bIja ke carama kSaNa kI aMkura ke prathama, dvitIya, tRtIya Adi kSaNoM meM anuvRtti) se unameM hetuhetumadbhAva kI kalpanA kI jAegI to attadvyAvRtti se (prathama, dvitIya, tRtIya kSaNoM ko pRthak kie binA) una kSaNoM kA kAryotpatti meM anugamana hogA tathA una kSaNoM ke paraspara-apraveza se praveza vinigamanA viraha rUpa mahAn gaurava utpanna hogaa|14

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160 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa (ii) tatta vyakti rUpa se hetuhetumadbhAva mAnane kA eka duSphala yaha hogA ki tajjAtIya kArya se tajjAtIya kAraNa ke anumAna kA bhaMga ho jAegA, kyoMki anugata rUpa se hetuhetumadbhAva na hone ke kAraNa tajjAtIya kArya meM tajjAtIya kAraNa kI anumApakatA meM koI prayojaka na hogA / 115 samAdhAna- 'sAdRzyatirohitavaisAdRzyenA'GkurAdinA tAdRzabIjAdInAmanumAnasaMbhavAt 196 arthAt utpAdaka bIja kSaNoM meM tathA utpAdya aGkurakSaNoM meM paraspara meM atyanta sAdRzya hotA hai, jisase unakA vaisAdRzya tirohita rahatA hai, ataH sadRza aGkura kSaNAtmaka kArya se sadRzabIjakSaNAtmaka kAraNa kA anumAna hone meM koI bAdhA nahIM hotii| zaMkA- pUrvokta kSaNoM meM anugata kAryakAraNabhAva na hone para una bIjakSaNoM meM vyApyavyApaka bhAva ghaTita na hogaa| samAdhAna- hama una kSaNoM meM anugata kAryakAraNabhAva svIkAra na karake anugata prayojya - prayojakabhAva svIkAra karate haiN| usa prayojya - prayojakabhAva rUpa prayojaka ke bala para aMkura kSaNoM aura bIja kSaNoM meM vyApya - vyApaka bhAva bana jAtA hai| zaMkA- ukta kSaNoM meM jaise anugata kAryakAraNabhAva nahIM hotA, usI prakAra anugata prayojyaprayojakabhAva bhI nahIM ho sktaa| samAdhAna- yaha zaMkA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki anugata kAryakAraNabhAva mAnane meM niyata samaya se pUrva bIja se aMkurotpatti kI Apatti bAdhaka hai, kintu anugata prayojya - prayojaka bhAva mAnane meM aisI koI bAdhA nahIM hai| kAraNa ki jo jisakA prayojaka hotA hai usase usakI utpatti cira- kSipra kabhI bhI ho sakatI hai| ataH aMkurotpatti se cirapUrva bhI aMkura prayojaka kI sattA mAnane meM koI doSa nahIM hotA / 117 isa prakAra zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM prazna - pratiprazna, zaMkA-samAdhAna ke rUpa meM huI gahana carcA ke mAdhyama se svabhAvavAda kA gUDha svarUpa prakaTa huA hai| yahA~ para svabhAva kI kAraNa rUpa meM vyAkhyA vibhinna AyAmoM se huI hai, jisase yaha spaSTa hai ki jIva ke jIvanakAla meM saMbhavita sabhI kArya svabhAva ke niyamana se hote haiN| ajIva padArthoM meM ghaTita kArya bhI svabhAva kI apekSA rakhate haiM / upAdAnakAraNagata svabhAva hI kArya ke AkAra-prakAra tathA svabhAva ko nirmita karatA hai / svabhAvavAdI padArthoM kI utpatti aura vinAza donoM meM svabhAva kI kAraNatA svIkAra karate haiN| pratyeka vastu kA apanA svabhAva hotA hai, svabhAvAnusAra hI vaha kArya ko utpanna karane meM samartha hotI hai| apane svabhAva kA ullaMghana kara kisI anya kArya ko karanA vastu ke kArya-kSetra meM

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svabhAvavAda 161 nahIM hai| svabhAva usa kAraNa kI vaha kSamatA (sAmarthya) hai jo kArya rUpa meM prakaTa hotI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki pakane kI kSamatA (svabhAva) se rahita kaDu azvamASa Adi kA pAka lAkha prayatna ke bAvajUda bhI saMbhava nahIM bana paataa| kabhI eka hI kAraNa se aneka kArya bhI hote hue dekhe jAte haiN| una sabhI kAryoM meM tatkAryajananapariNati kAraNa hai| . pariNatiyoM meM vailakSNya hone se usake kAryoM meM vilakSaNatA AtI hai| svabhAvavAdI ne pratipakSI kI zaMkAoM kA parihAra karate hue svabhAva kI kAraNatA ko isa taraha prastuta kiyA hai ki sahakArI kAraNoM ko pRthak se mAnane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM raha jAtI hai| zAstravArtAsamuccayakAra haribhadrasUri mahAn dArzanika the| unake grantha meM svabhAvavAda kA atIva sUkSma vivecana prApta hotA hai| ve svabhAvavAda kA pakSa rakhate hue kahate haiMpUrva-pUrva upAdAna pariNAma uttarottara hone vAle tattat upAdeya pariNAmoM ke prati kAraNa haiN| jaise- bIja kA jo carama kSaNAtmaka pariNAma hotA hai, usase aMkura kA prathama kSaNAtmaka pariNAma utpanna hotA hai| phira aMkura ke prathama kSaNa se dvitIya aura dvitIya kSaNa se tRtIya kSaNa kI utpatti hotI hai| ataH upAdAna ke kSaNa pariNAma upAdeya ke kSaNa pariNAmoM ke prati tattadvyaktitva rUpa se kAraNa banate haiN| AcArAMga sUtra kI zIlAMka TIkA meM AcArAMga sUtra kI zIlAMka (9-10vIM zatI) TIkA meM kriyAvAdiyoM ke bheda karate hue kAlasvabhAvAdi kI carcA kI gaI hai| AcArya svabhAvavAda ke mantavya ko spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM- 'apare punaH svabhAvAdeva saMsAra-vyavasthAmabhyupayanti, kaH punarayaM svabhAvaH? vastunaH svata eva tathApariNatibhAvaH svabhAvaH 118 arthAt kucha anya dArzanika svabhAva se hI saMsAra-vyavasthA ko svIkAra karate hai| svabhAva se tAtparya vastu kA svataH tathA pariNata rUpa honA hai| sabhI bhUta svabhAva se hI pravRtta aura nivRtta hote haiN|119 kisake dvArA mRganayana AMje gae haiM aura kauna mayara ko alaMkRta karatA hai| kauna kamala meM pattoM ke dala ko sannicaya karatA hai aura kauna zreSTha kula ke puruSa meM vinaya paidA karatA hai|120 yahA~ kauna kA uttara svabhAva ke atirikta koI nahIM hai| ata: svabhAva ina vicitratAoM meM kAraNa hai| sUtrakRtAMga kI zIlAMka TIkA meM sUtrakRtAMga meM sRSTi ke saMbaMdha meM vibhinna mAnyatAoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai 'devautte ayaM loe, baMbhautteti Avare "22 'IsareNa kaDe loe, pahANAi tahAvare jIvAjIvasamAyuktaH sukhaduHkhasamanvitaH 122

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162 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa koI kahate haiM ki 'yaha loka kisI devatA dvArA banAyA gayA hai aura dUsare kahate haiM ki 'brahmA ne loka banAyA hai' IzvaravAdI kahate haiM ki jIva-ajIva, sukha tathA duHkha se yukta yaha loka IzvarakRta hai tathA kucha ise pradhAnAdikRta mAnate haiN| ___'pradhAnAdi' zabda para TIkA karate hue AcArya zIlAMka (9-10vIM zatI) likhate haiM- 'Adi grahaNAtsvabhAvAdikaM gRhyate, tatazcAyamarthaH svabhAvena kRto lokaH knnttkaaditaikssnnyvt| tathA'nye niyatikrato loko| 123 yahA~ 'Adi' zabda se svabhAvavAda, niyativAda Adi kA grahaNa hai| svabhAvavAda ke anusAra yaha loka svabhAvakRta hai tathA niyativAda ke anusAra yaha loka niyatikRta hai| svabhAvavAda kI siddhi meM kahA hai ki jaise kaNTaka kI tIkSNatA svabhAvakRta hai usI taraha yaha samasta jagat svabhAvakRta hai kisI kartA dvArA kiyA huA nahIM hai| sUtrakRtAMga TIkA meM tajjIvataccharIravAdI, bauddha, sAMkhya-mata meM anumodita svabhAvavAda ko prastuta kara svamata meM gRhIta svabhAva ke svarUpa ko kahA gayA hai| tajjIvataccharIravAdI mata- koI dhanavAna, koI daridra, koI sundara, koI kurUpa, koI sukhI, koI duHkhI, koI surUpa, koI mandarUpa, koI rogI, koI nIroga, isa prakAra kI jagat meM vicitratA kyoM hotI hai| 24 . ___ tajjIvataccharIravAdI samAdhAna karate hue kahate haiM ki yaha saba svabhAva se hotA hai| kyoMki kisI zilAkhaNDa kI deva pratimA banAI jAtI hai aura vaha pratimA kuMkuMma, agaru, candana Adi vilepanoM ko bhogatI hai aura dhUpa Adi ke sugaMdha ko bhI anubhava karatI hai tathA dUsare zilAkhaNDa para paira dhonA Adi kArya kie jAte haiN| ina donoM zilAkhaNDoM kI isa prakAra kI avasthA meM zubhAzubha karmodaya kAraNa nahIM hai, apitu svabhAva se hI hai| ataH siddha hotA hai ki svabhAva se hI jagat kI vicitratA hotI hai| kahA bhI hai- kaNTaka kI tIkSNatA, mora kI vicitratA aura murge kA raMga, yaha saba svabhAva se hI hote haiN|125 bauddha mata- bauddha darzana meM vastu kA pratikSaNa nirhetuka vinAza svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha nirhetutA vastu ke svabhAva ko hI vyakta karatI hai arthAt vastu svabhAva se hI kSaNika hai athavA vinAza ko prApta hotI hai| jaisA ki kahA hai 'nirhetutvAdvinAzasya svabhAvAdanubandhitA 26 sAMkhya mata- sAMkhyadarzana meM pradhAna prakRti se mahat aMhakArAdi kI utpatti svIkRta hai| kintu acetana prakRti puruSArtha ke prati pravRtti nahIM kara sktii| yadi ise prakRti kA svabhAva hI samajhA jAe to svabhAva ko hI balavAna mAnanA hogA, kyoMki svabhAva pradhAnAdi prakRti ko bhI niyantrita karatA hai|127

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svabhAvavAda 163 jaina mata meM mAnya svabhAva kA svarUpa- svabhAva ko kAraNa mAnane meM jaina darzana ko koI kSati nahIM hai| kyoMki 'svo bhAvaH svabhAva:' ke anusAra apane bhAva ko yAnI svakIya utpatti ko hI svabhAva kahA hai aura vaha padArthoM kI utpatti meM ArhatoM ko iSTa hI hai|128 svabhAva bhI samasta jagat kA kAraNa hai- 'svo bhAvaH svabhAvaH 'vyutpatti ke anusAra jIva-ajIva, bhavyatva-abhavyatva, mUrtatva-amUrtatva apane svarUpa meM hI hote haiM tathA dharma, adharma, AkAza evaM kAla kA bhI apanA svabhAva hai| dharma kA gati, adharma kA sthiti, AkAza kA avagAhana aura kAla kA paratva-aparatva Adi svarUpa bhI svAbhAvika hai|929 kriyAvAda aura akriyAvAda meM svabhAvavAda ke bheda sUtrakRtAMga meM sUtrakAra ne 'jagatkartRtvavAda' ke prasaMga meM tatkAlIna mAnyatAoM kA ullekha karate hue, unako kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, vinayavAda aura ajJAnavAda ke rUpa meM vibhakta kiyA hai| inake bheda aura upabheda kA vistAra se vivecana 'kAlavAda' nAmaka adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai|3deg ata: yahA~ saMkSepa meM 'svabhAvavAda' ko prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai kriyAvAdiyoM ke 180, akriyAvAdiyoM ke 84, ajJAnavAdiyoM ke 67 aura vinayavAdI ke 32 bheda haiN| kriyAvAda meM kAlavAda, AtmavAda, niyativAda aura svabhAvavAda kA tathA akriyAvAda meM kAlavAda Adi pA~ca ke atirikta yadRcchAvAda kA bhI samAveza huA hai| ajJAnavAdI aura vinayavAdI ke bhedoM meM kAla Adi kA ullekha nahIM hai| ___kriyAvAdI aura akriyAvAdI ke antargata 'svabhAvavAda' kA nimna svarUpa vyakta huA haikriyAvAdI meM svabhAvavAda ke bheda 1. jIva svata: nitya svabhAva se 2. jIva svata: anitya svabhAva se 3. jIva parata: nitya svabhAva se 4. jIva parata: anitya svabhAva se 5. ajIva svataH nitya svabhAva se 6. ajIva svata: anitya svabhAva se 7. ajIva parata: nitya svabhAva se 8. ajIva parataH anitya svabhAva se 9. Asrava svataH nitya svabhAva se 10. Asrava svata: anitya svabhAva se 11. Asrava parata: nitya svabhAva se 12. Asrava parata: anitya svabhAva se

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164 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 13. baMdha svataH nitya svabhAva se 15. baMdha parata: nitya svabhAva se 17. saMvara svataH nitya svabhAva se 19. saMvara parata: nitya svabhAva se 21. nirjarA svataH nitya svabhAva se 23. nirjarA parata: nitya svabhAva se 25. puNya svataH nitya svabhAva se 27. puNya parata: nitya svabhAva se 29. pApa svataH nitya svabhAva se 31. pApa parata: nitya svabhAva se 33. mokSa svataH nitya svabhAva se 35. mokSa parataH nitya svabhAva se akriyAvAdI meM svabhAvavAda ke bheda 14. baMdha svataH anitya svabhAva se 16. baMdha parata: anitya svabhAva se 18. saMvara svataH anitya svabhAva se 20. saMvara parata: anitya svabhAva se 22. nirjarA svataH anitya svabhAva se 24. nirjarA parataH anitya svabhAva se 26. 28. 30. 32. 34. 36. puNya svataH anitya svabhAva se puNya parataH anitya svabhAva se pApa svataH anitya svabhAva se pApa parataH anitya svabhAva se mokSa svataH anitya svabhAva se mokSa parata: anitya svabhAva se 2. nAsti jIva parataH svabhAva se 4. nAsti ajIva parataH svabhAva se 6. nAsti Asrava parataH svabhAva se 8. nAsti baMdha parataH svabhAva se * 10. nAsti saMvara parataH svabhAva se 12. nAsti nirjarA parataH svabhAva se 14. nAsti mokSa parata: svabhAva se 1. nAsti jIva svataH svabhAva se 3. nAsti ajIva svataH svabhAva se 5. nAsti Anava svataH svabhAva se nAsti baMdha svataH svabhAva se 9. nAsti saMvara svataH svabhAva se 11. nAsti nirjarA svataH svabhAva se 7. 13. nAsti mokSa svataH svabhAva se tiloka kAvya kalpatarU meM svabhAvavAda kA padyabaddha rUpa Adhunika yuga ke saMta tilokaRSi jI (1930 IsvIM zatI) ne 'svabhAvavAda' ko isa prakAra padya baddha kiyA hai131 kahata svabhAvavAdI kahA kara sake kAla / binA hI svabhAva koI vastu nahIM jaga meN||

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svabhAvavAda 165 mahilA ke mUMcha nahIM, bAMjha na jaNata baal| roma nahIM karatala hAr3a nahIM raga meN|| jAta-jAta darakhata, pAna phUla bhaaNt-bhaaNt| jalacara thalacara paMkhI ur3e khaga meN|| kA~TA bora babUla kA kauna kare tiikssnntaa| haMsa ko sarala bhAva kapaTAI baga meN|| bina hI svabhAva mora paMkha kuNa citrt| kokilA ko kaMThavara svarabhaMga kaga meN|| viSadhara sira maNi jahara hare ttkaal| viSa ko svabhAva nija kahIje uraga meN|| pRthavI kaThina kuNa zItalatA jala maaNhii| pavana ko cala bhAva uSNatA hai aga meN|| sUMThe upazame vAya harar3e vireca kre| sAhasika siMha ati hINatA elaga meN|| amala kaTuka ikSurasa meM mdhurpnn| leSTa bUr3e jala maccha tirata athaga meN|| zabda ko sunata kAna ghANa vAsa jihvA svaad| kAyA sparza vede aSTa dekhana ko duga meN|| mana ko svabhAva vega mukha setI bolavA ko| kAma kare hasta yuga zramaNatA paga meN|| ravi tape zazI sIta siddha meM arUNa liil| devatA atula sukha, duHkha hai naraga meN|| dharmAstikAya-calaNa adharmAstikAya sthira pnn|

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166 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa vikAsa svabhAva so to pratyakSa hai khaga meN|| vartanA lakSaNa kAla upayoga jIva maahii| pUraNa-galaNa guNa pudgala varaga meN|| nava tattva chahoM kAya bhavyAdi-abhavya sn| bina hI svabhAva koI vastu nahIM jaga meN|| arthAta svabhAvavAdI kahate haiM ki kAla kyA kara sakatA hai? svabhAva ke binA duniyA meM koI vastu nahIM hai| svabhAva ke kAraNa hI strI ke mUMcha nahIM hotI, baMdhyA nAriyoM ko saMtAna nahIM hotii| karatala arthAt hAtha ke tale meM roma nahIM Ate aura nasa meM haDDI nahIM hotI hai| svabhAva ke kAraNa hI vRkSa ke patte alaga-alaga hote haiN| phUla alaga hote haiN| svabhAva se hI jalacara jIva pAnI meM hI tairate haiM evaM sthalacara arthAt bhUmi para calane vAle jIva bhUmi para hI calate haiN| svabhAva ke kAraNa hI taraha-taraha ke pakSI AkAza meM gamana karate haiN| bera evaM babUla ke kA~Te ko tIkSNatA kauna. detA hai? haMsa ko saralatA kauna sikhAtA hai, bagule meM kapaTa bhAva kauna lAtA hai, mora ke paMkha ko vicitra kauna karatA hai, kokilA pakSI kA kaNTha madhura evaM kauve kA kaNTha kaThora kauna banAtA hai? ye saba svabhAva ke hI kAraNa hotA hai| jahara ko dhAraNa karane vAle sarpa ke sira meM maNi rahatI hai, jo turanta jahara ko naSTa kara detI hai| sAMpa kA svabhAva viSa karane kA hai, dUdha pIkara bhI vaha jahara banAtA hai arthAt sAMpa ke mu~ha meM jahara evaM mastaka meM viSahara maNi, yaha vicitratA svabhAva se hI hai| pRthvI kA svabhAva kaThina hai, pAnI kA svabhAva zItala hai| pavana kA svabhAva caMcala hai tathA agni kA svabhAva garama hai| sUMTha kA svabhAva vAyu vikAra ko zAMta karanA hai tathA harar3a kA svabhAva virecana karanA hai| siMha kA svabhAva sAhasika hai to bakare kA svabhAva nirbalatA kA hai| AMvale kA svabhAva kaDuvA hai evaM ganne ke rasa kA svabhAva madhura mIThA hai| patthara kA svabhAva DUbane kA hai tathA maccha kA svabhAva athAha pAnI meM tairane kA hai| kAna kA svabhAva sunanA hai, A~kha kA svabhAva dekhanA hai, nAka kA svabhAva sugandha lenA hai, jihvA kA svabhAva svAda lenA hai, zarIra kA svabhAva ATha prakAra ke sparza ko samajhane kA hai| mana kA svabhAva caMcala hai, mukha kA svabhAva bolanA hai| donoM hAthoM kA svabhAva kAma karane kA hai, pairoM kA svabhAva ghUmane kA hai| sUrya kA svabhAva

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svabhAvavAda 167 tapane kA hai, zazi kA svabhAva zItalatA kA hai| siddha bhagavAna kA svabhAva arUpI hai, devatA kA svabhAva atula sukha bhogane kA hai tathA nArakIya jIvoM kA svabhAva dasa prakAra kI kSetra vedanA sahane kA hai| dharmAstikAya kA svabhAva calanA hai, adharmAstikAya kA svabhAva Thaharane kA hai, AkAzAstikAya kA svabhAva vikAsa karane kA hai, kAla dravya kA svabhAva vartanA karanA hai, jIvAstikAya kA svabhAva upayoga karanA hai, pudgalAstikAya pUraNa-galana svabhAva vAlA hai| nava tattvoM evaM cha: kAyoM kA svabhAva bhinna-bhinna hai| bhavI-abhavI kA svabhAva bhinna-bhinna hai| binA svabhAva kI duniyA~ meM koI vastu nahIM hai arthAt svabhAva ke kAraNa hI sampUrNa sRSTi kA vikAsa huA hai| svabhAvavAda kA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana : vibhinna granthoM meM mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ke dvAdazAranayacakra meM svabhAvavAda kA upasthApana evaM khaNDana mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa (5vIM zatI) ne dvAdazAranayacakra nAmaka vizAla kRti meM svabhAvavAda kA upasthApana evaM khaNDana kiyA hai, jo apane ApameM atIva mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM svabhAvavAda kA prAcIna svarUpa abhivyakta huA hai| mallavAdI kahate haiM ki svabhAvavAda ke anusAra sabhI vastue~ svata: hotI haiN| jo puruSa Adi hote haiM, ve svataH hote haiN| pANini vyAkaraNa paraM kAtyAyana racita vArtika meM bhI kahA gayA hai- 'yathA sarvabhAvA svena bhAvena bhavanti sa teSAM bhAvaH 532 isa AdhAra para jo jisa bhAva se hotA hai vaha usakA AtmIya bhAva yA svabhAva kahalAtA hai| samasta padArthoM kI prakRti yA bIja svabhAva hai| svabhAva ko svIkAra kie binA puruSa Adi kA svatva meM sattva nahIM ho sktaa| yadi vrIhi Adi ke pAka meM kAla ko kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai taba bhI svabhAva kA hI grahaNa hotA hai| yugapad yA krama se ghaTa rUpa Adi yA vrIhi, aMkura Adi kI usa-usa rUpa meM utpatti hone se svabhAva ko hI svIkAra karanA hotA hai'yugapadayugapad ghaTarUpAdInAM vIAMkurAdInAM ca tathA tathA bhavanAdeva tu svabhAvo'bhyupagataH 133 jaisA ki tulya bhUmi, jala Adi ke hone para kaNTakAdi bhinna svarUpa kI vastue~ pratyakSata: dekhI jAtI haiN| kA~Te Adi hI tIkSNa hote haiM, puSpAdi meM vaisA guNa nahIM hotaa| jaisA ki anyatra bhI kahA hai kaH kaNTakAnAM prakaroti taikSNyaM vicitrabhAvaM mRgapakSiNAM c| svabhAvataH sarvamiMda pravRttaM na kAmacAro'sti kutaH prytnH|| kenAJjitAni nayanAni mRgAGganAnAM ko vA karoti rucirAGgaruhAn myuuraan|

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168 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa kazcotpaleSu dalasannicayaM karoti ko vA karoti vinayaM kulajeSu puNsu||34 kA~ToM meM tIkSNatA, mRgoM aura pakSiyoM meM vicitratA svabhAvataH hotI hai, isameM koI icchA yA prayatna kAragara nahIM hotaa| mRgiyoM ke nayanoM meM koI kAjala nahIM lagAtA taba bhI unake nayana sundara hote haiN| mayUra ke paMkha svabhAvata: sundara hote haiM, kamala ke phUla kI paMkhur3iyA~ bhI svabhAva se sundara hotI haiM aura satkula meM utpanna puruSoM meM svabhAva se vinaya dekhA jAtA hai| yadi svabhAva hI kAraNa hai to bhUmi Adi dravyoM ke binA svabhAvamAtra se hI kaNTakAdi kI utpatti kyoM nahIM ho jAtI? anyathA bhI usakI utpatti kyoM nahIM hotI? kaNTaka kyoM bIMdhatA hai, kyoM vaha kadAcit hI bIMdhatA hai? kisalie kucha ko hI bIdhaMtA hai kucha ko nahIM?935 taba svabhAvavAdI kahate haiM bhUmi, ambu Adi dravyoM kI apekSA rakhakara kaNTakAdi kI utpatti hotI hai, yaha bhI svabhAva hI hai, kyoMki bhUmi Adi se hI kaNTaka utpanna hotA hai, mRtpiNDa Adi se nhiiN|126 bhUmi Adi nimittoM kI nimittatA bhI svAbhAvika hai|137 pratyeka vastu meM usI prakAra svabhAva kArya karatA hai jisa prakAra vaya ke anusAra bAla, kumAra, yauvana Adi avasthAe~ prakaTa hotI haiN| dUdha se dahI, makkhana, ghRta Adi avasthAe~ bhI svabhAva se hotI haiN| yadi ye svabhAva se nahIM hoM to bAda meM kabhI bhI nahIM ho sktii| jaise ki vandhyA kA putra kabhI nahIM huA, ata: bAda meM bhI hotA huA nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| isI prakAra mRd Adi meM vidyamAna ghaTa Adi kI apane nimittoM kI sahAyatA se svAbhAvika utpatti hotI hai, AkAza Adi meM nahIM hotii| arthAt jisameM jo svabhAva hai usase vahI vastu prakaTa hotI haiN|238 svabhAva se hI atyadhika nikaTavartI aMjana aura dUravartI parvata kA cakSu Adi ke dvArA grahaNa nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra koI vastu atyanta anupalabdhi svabhAvavAlI hotI hai, jaise ki AtmA aadi| isalie puruSa ke kAmAcAra yA prayatna Adi se kucha bhI nayA utpanna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| caraka saMhitA meM kahA hai- kaTuka rasa vAlA citraka pakAne para uSNavIrya yukta ho jAtA hai tathA usase yukta dantI apane svabhAva se virecana karatI hai|939 miTTI se ghaTAdi kI abhivyakti yA anabhivyakti svabhAva vAlA ghaTa bhI vastuta: pRthvI Adi kA hI svabhAva hai, jaise ki jala svabhAva se drava hotA hai, pRthvI sthira hotI hai, vAyu caMcala hotI hai, AkAza amUrta hotA hai, agni uSNa hotI hai|140

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svabhAvavAda 169 vastuoM ke phala-svabhAva ke anurUpa hI jIvoM kI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai aura usase vyavasthA bhI banI rahatI hai- 'phalasvabhAvAnurUpAH pravRttayoghta evaM vyavasthitA mRtpiNDa aura daNDa Adi se ghaTa utpanna hotA hai isa bAta ko jAnakara hI kulAla cAka para mRtpiNDa rakhakara cAka ko ghumAne Adi kA vyApAra karatA hai| isa prakAra eka hI svabhAva svazaktibheda se kArakabheda ko prApta hotA hai| vahI kartA, karma, karaNa Adi svarUpoM ko prApta hotA hai| vaha hI anubhava karatA hai tathA vaha hI anubhava kiyA jAtA hai| AtmA hI karma svabhAva vAle dravyoM se saMyukta hotA hai tathA viyukta hotA hai isa prakAra svabhAva se hI bandha aura mokSa huA karatA hai|142 udAharaNArtha jisa prakAra dhAtuvAda ke binA bhI kanaka kA AvirbhAva hotA hai usI prakAra karma se pRthak hone ke svabhAva ke kAraNa bhavya jIvoM meM nirmala AtmA kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| samyak darzana, samyak jJAna pUrvaka kI gaI kriyA kI prabalatA se kaivalya kI prApti usI prakAra hotI hai jisa prakAra dhAtuvAda kriyA se zuddha svarNa kI utpatti hotI hai| kinhIM jIvoM meM karmoM se pRthak na hone ke svabhAva ke kAraNa kaivalya prakaTa nahIM hotA hai| abhavya jIvoM kI mukti na honA aura bhavya jIvoM kI mukti honA svabhAva ke hI kAraNa hotA hai| svabhAvanaya ke kAraNa hI jIva do prakAra ke kahe gae haiMbhavasiddhika aura abhvsiddhik| bhavasiddhika jIvoM meM hI vizuddhi dvArA karmasaMtati kA vyavaccheda hotA hai| anAdi kAla se jIva aura karma paraspara saMyukta haiN| inakA vyavaccheda aura avyavaccheda svabhAva se hI hotA hai| bhavya jIvoM ke karmasaMtAna kI sAMtatA aura abhavya jIvoM ke karmasaMtAna kI anantatA meM svabhAva se anya koI hetu nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yadi isameM kisI hetu kA anveSaNa kiyA jAe to bhavya jIvoM ke karma saMtAna ke anAdi hone se anAdi AkAza kI bhA~ti anantatA bhI mAnanI hogii| yadi karmasaMtAna ke anAdi hone para bhI use aMtayukta mAnA jAe to AkAza bhI bhavya jIvoM ke karma kI bhA~ti anAdi hone se sAMta mAnA jAnA caahie| yadi karma ke anAdi hone para bhI binA hetu ke hI unakA aMta hotA hai to siddhoM ke karmasaMtAna kI bhI binA hetu ke Adi kyoM nahIM hotI hai| isa prakAra svabhAva hI zaraNabhUta hai| bhavya, abhavya, saMsAra ucchitti-anucchitti Adi meM svabhAva ke atirikta aura koI kAraNa nahIM hai|145 svabhAva ko svIkAra nahIM karane para na to koI sAdhana sAdhana bana sakatA hai aura na koI dUSaNa dUSaNa ho sakatA hai aura isake abhAva meM vAda (zAstrArtha) hI pravRtta nahIM ho sakatA hai|06 pakSa, hetu, dRSTAnta Adi apane svabhAva se sampanna hokara hI sAdhana banate haiN| usake viparyaya meM ve AbhAsa (dUSaNa) kahalAte haiN| isalie svabhAva hI prabhu aura vibhu rUpa se jagat kA kAraNa hai|147

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170 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa khaNDana yaha svabhAva vyApaka hai yA pratyeka vasta meM parisamApta hotA hai? yadi vyApaka hai to ekarUpa hone ke kAraNa pararUpa kA abhAva hone se sva yA para vizeSaNa nirarthaka hai| yadi vaha svabhAva pratyeka vastu meM parisamApta hotA hai arthAt pratyeka vastu meM bhinnabhinna hai to loka meM pracalita ghaTa ke ghaTatva svabhAva, paTa ke paTatva svabhAva Adi se bhinna yaha svabhAva nahIM ho skegaa| isa taraha svabhAvavAdiyoM ke dvArA varNita svabhAva kI siddhi nahIM hotI hai| yahI nahIM svabhAva ke abhAva kI bhI prasakti hotI hai / kyoMki vastu mAtra meM svabhAva ko svIkAra karane para ghaTa hI ghaTa hai, paTa hI paTa hai, paTa meM ghaTa nahIM hai aura ghaTa meM paTa nahIM hai- isa prakAra itaretara abhAva ke kAraNa paraspara eka dUsare kA asvabhAvana (svabhAva na honA) hI parigRhIta hotA hai| isa prakAra kaise aura kahA~ para yaha svabhAva rahatA hai?148 isa prakAra mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ne dvAdazAranayacakra meM svabhAvavAda kA vistAra se vyavasthita upasthApana kiyA hai tathA usakA sabala toM se mUlotpATana bhI kara diyA hai| jinabhadagaNi (6-7vI zatI) dvArA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM svabhAvavAda kA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM svabhAvavAda kA upasthApana evaM apAkaraNa samprApta hotA hai| yaha nirAkaraNa eka sthAna para nahIM do tIna sthaloM para milatA hai, kintu bheda na hone se yahA~ eka hI sthala kA vivecana kiyA jA rahA hai| svabhAvavAda- "vijJAnaghana evaitebhyo bhUtebhyaH" ityAdi vedavacanazravaNAt svabhAvaM dehAdInAM kartAraM manyase, yataH kecidAhu: "sarvahetunirAzaMsaM bhAvAnAM janma vrnnyte| svabhAvavAdibhiste hi nAhuH svamapi kaarnnm"|| rAjIva kaNTakAdInAM vecitryaM kaH karoti hi ? mayUracandrikAdirvA vicitraH kena nirmitH|| kAdAcitkaM yadatrAsti ni:zeSaM tdhetukm| yathA kaNTakataikSNyAdi tathA caite sukhaadyH||50

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svabhAvavAda 171 'vijJAnaghana evaitebhyo bhUtebhyaH' ityAdi veda vacanoM ke dvArA svabhAva dehAdi kA kartA mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki kucha loga kahate haiM ki sabhI hetuoM ke nirAkaraNa se arthAt ahetu se padArthoM kA janma hotA hai aura usameM 'sva' bhI kAraNa nahIM hotA hai| jaise- kamala, kaNTaka, mayUracandraka Adi meM pAyI jAne vAlI vicitrtaa| jo kAdAcitka hotA hai vaha nirhetuka hotA hai, ata: bAhya padArtha kaNTakatIkSNatA Adi hI nahIM, Atmika yA bhItara ke sukha-duHkhAdi kArya bhI kAdAcitka hone se nirhetuka hote haiN| nirasana- gautama dvArA 'svabhAvavAda' ke viSaya meM isa prakAra kahe jAne para bhagavAna mahAvIra pharamAte haiM- 'ahava sahAvaM mannasi vinnnnaannghnnaaiveyvuttaao| taha bahudosaM goyama! tANaM ca pyaannmymttho|' arthAt he gautama! jaise tuma svabhAva kI kAraNatA mAnate ho, vaisA svIkAra karane para bahuta doSa AtA hai| kyoMki jo dehAdi kA kartA 'svabhAva' svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, vAstava meM usakA kyA artha hai - 1. kyA vastu vizeSa svabhAva hai? 2. kyA akAraNatA yA niSkAraNatA svabhAva hai? 3. kyA vastu kA dharma svabhAva hai? 1. vastu vizeSa rUpa svabhAva anupalabdha- vastu vizeSa rUpa svabhAva AkAza-kusuma kI bhA~ti anupalabdha hai| isake alAvA vastu vizeSa rUpa svabhAva kA sAdhaka koI pramANa hI upalabdha nahIM hotaa| yadi grAhaka pramANa ke dvArA svabhAva kA astitva mAnA jAe, to usI nyAya se karma Adi ke astitva ko svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| isI taraha svabhAvavAda ke sandarbha meM eka prazna yaha bhI upasthita hotA hai ki svabhAva mUrta hai yA amUrta? yadi svabhAva ko mUrta mAnA jAe, to nAmAntara se karma kI hI svIkRti hogii| yadi amUrta mAnA jAe to vaha kisI kA kartA nahIM hogA, kyoMki vaha AkAzAdi ke samAna upakaraNa rahita hai|51 2. niSkAraNatA bhI svabhAva nahIM- niSkAraNatA ko svabhAva mAnane kA artha hogA- zarIra Adi sabhI bAhya padArthoM kA akAraNa utpanna honaa| kAraNa ki abhAva kI sarvatra samAnatA hone se sabhI vastuoM ke yugapad utpatti kA prasaMga upasthita ho jAtA hai| yadi zarIra Adi ko ahetuka mAnA jAe, to unheM Akasmika mAnanA hogaa| jo Akasmika hotA hai, vaha abhra (bAdala) Adi ke vikAra ke samAna sAdi va pratiniyata saMsthAna vAlA nahIM hotaa| jabaki zarIra sAdi niyatAkAra hotA hai| Akasmika nahIM hone para usameM karma hetu hai| zarIra ghaTAdi ke samAna niyata AkAra vAlA aura upakaraNa yukta kartA se nirvRtta (nirmita) hai|52 yadi bhavotpatti Adi

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172 jainadarzana meM kAraNa- kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa akAraNa hotI hai to parabhava meM jIva kI sadRzatA kaisI ho jAtI hai? yadi vaha sadRzatA akAraNa hotI hai to visadRzatA bhI akAraNa hI ho jaaegii| isa prakAra akAraNa hI Akasmika rUpa se bhavavicchitti hone kA prasaMga A jaaegaa|' 153 ataH garbhAdi avasthA meM karma kI kAraNatA ghaTita hone se akAraNatA ko svabhAva nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / 3. svabhAva vastu kA dharma bhI nahIM - svabhAva ko vastu kA dharma mAnanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki vastu kA dharma utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvyAtmaka hone se sadA ekarUpa nahIM rhtaa| vastu kI nIlAdi paryAyoM kI pariNamanadharmitA pratyakSasiddha hai / 154 yadi svabhAva ko vastu kA dharma mAnA jAe to prazna hogA ki vaha AtmA kA dharma hai yA vastu kA? yadi vaha jJAnAdi ke samAna AtmA kA dharma bana jAegA to vaha AkAzAdi ke samAna amUrta hone ke kAraNa zarIra kA hetu nahIM bana sktaa| yadi use ( svabhAva ko ) pula kA dharma mAneM to prakArAntara se karma ko hI svIkAra karanA hogaa| 155 haribhadrasUri viracita dharmasaMgrahaNi meM svabhAvahetuvAda kA nirasana mahAn jaina naiyAyika evaM Agama TIkAkAra AcArya haribhadrasUri (700- 770 I.) ne 'dharmasaMgrahaNi' grantha meM jagat kI vicitratA evaM sukha-duHkha ke anubhava meM svabhAva ko hetu mAnane vAle svabhAvahetuvAdiyoM 56 kA nirasana karate hue svabhAva ke svarUpa para aneka vaikalpika praznacihna khaDe kie haiN| 1. svabhAva bhAva rUpa hai yA abhAva rUpa hai? 2. svabhAva bhAva rUpa meM eka rUpa hai yA aneka rUpa? 3. svabhAva ke aneka rUpa hone para vaha mUrta hai yA amUrta? 4. svabhAva ke eka rUpa hone para nitya hai yA anitya? 5. svabhAva ke abhAva rUpa hone para vaha aneka rUpa hai yA eka rUpa ? svabhAvavAdiyoM se haribhadrasUri ne prazna kiyA hai ki svabhAva bhAva rUpa hai yA abhAva rUpa? ve yadi ise bhAva rUpa mAnate haiM to unase punaH prazna hai ki vaha aneka rUpa hai yA eka rUpa ? 157 svabhAvavAdI ke donoM mata ko khaNDita karate hue haribhadra kahate haiM jai tAva egarUvo nicco'nicco ya hojja? jar3a nicco, kaha hetu so bhAvo? aha u aNicco Na ego tti| aha citto kiM mutto kiM vA'mutto? jai bhave mutto /

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svabhAvavAda 173 tA kammA avisiTTho poggalarUvaM jato taMpi, aha tu amutto Na tao suhadukkha-nibaMdhaNa jhaa''gaas|58 arthAt svabhAva bhAva rUpa meM ekarUpa hai to vaha nitya hai yA anity| yadi nitya hai to vaha bhAva kA hetu kaise bana sakatA hai arthAt nahIM bana sktaa| kyoMki hetu meM parivartana se hI kArya hotA hai jabaki nitya padArtha aparivartanazIla hotA hai| svabhAva ekarUpa hokara anitya nahIM bana sakatA,kyoMki anitya kabhI eka rUpa nahIM hotA,vaha vibhinna rUpoM vAlA hotA hai| svabhAva ko bhAva-eka rUpa na mAnakara bhAva-aneka rUpa arthAt vicitra mAneM taba punaH prazna hotA hai ki vaha mUrta hai yA amUrta? ___ yadi vaha mUrta rUpa hai to jainadarzana meM mAnya karma se aviziSTa(abhinna) yAnI pudgala rUpa hogaa| yadi amUrta hai to vaha anugraha aura upaghAta na karane se sukhaduHkha kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA, jaise ki AkAza anugraha ke abhAva meM kisI ke sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa nahIM hotA hai| yadi svabhAvavAdI kaheM ki sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa jIva ko mAnane para bhI vyabhicAra AtA hai kyoMki jIva bhI AkAza kI bhA~ti amUrta hai| kintu svabhAvavAdiyoM kI aisI AzaMkA nirmala hai| kyoMki jIva ekAnta rUpa se amUrta nahIM hai| anAdi karma saMtati ke pariNAma svarUpa vaha mUrta hai, mUrta karma se yukta hone ke kAraNa vaha usI prakAra sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa banatA hai jisa prakAra ki aMkura kA hetu bIja hotA hai|59 arthAt jIva jaba karma pudgaloM se saMyukta rahatA hai tabhI taka use karma phala rUpa sukhaduHkha kI prApti hotI hai| karmoM se rahita hone para zuddha siddha jIva ko nirupama avyAbAdha duHkharahita zAzvata sukha kI prApti hotI hai| sAtAvedanIya Adi karmoM se milane vAlA sukha vinazvara hotA hai| karma kA saMyoga hone se jIva ko ekAntataH mUrta nahIM mAnA jA sakatA aura cetanAsvarUpa nirupama sukha sampanna hone se vaha amUrta jIva duHkhAdi kA nimitta bhI nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| kintu karma se yukta hone se vaha mUrta aura pariNAma-rUpa banakara sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra jIva kA amUrta svarUpa duHkha kA kAraNa nahIM banatA, apitu usakA karma rUpa mUrtatva kAraNa banatA hai|60 ___yadi svabhAva abhAva rUpa hai to vaha eka rUpa hai yA aneka rUpa(vicitra)? tuccha (asat) eka abhAvasvarUpa svabhAva se kAryasiddhi kaise hogI? kyoMki kharaviSANa svarUpa abhAva hetu se kisI kI utpatti nahIM hotii| isa taraha abhAva se utpatti svIkAra karanA AkAzakusuma ke astitva ko svIkAra karanA hai|161

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174 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa __ svabhAvavAdI abhAva se ghaTotpatti batAte hue kahate haiM ki ghaTa sambandhI abhAva miTTI kA piMDa rUpa hai| miTTI ke piMDa rUpa abhAva se hI ghaTa utpanna hotA hai| isalie 'abhAva se vastu utpanna nahIM hotI' yaha bAta asiddha hai|162 AcArya kahate haiM-ekAnta rUpa se koI vastu tuccha(asat) svarUpa vAlI nahIM hotI, kyoMki usakA svarUpa se to bhAva hotA hI hai| isalie pUrvokta doSa ko koI avakAza nahIM hai| cUMki bhAva rUpa se abhAva rUpa kI utpatti nahIM hotI aura abhAva se bhAva kI utpatti nahIM hotI, ata: miTTI rUpa bhAva jo ghaTasvarUpa abhAva se yukta hai usase ghaTa kI utpatti saMbhava nahIM bntii| svabhAvavAdI zaMkA karate haiM ki isa bhAva aura abhAva ke bIca meM koI virodha doSa nahIM hai kyoMki miTTI meM svarUpa kI apekSA se bhAvarUpatA hai aura pararUpa kI apekSA se abhAvarUpatA hai| punaH uttara dete haiM ki yadi Apa mRtpiNDa meM svarUpa se bhAva-svabhAva aura pararUpa se abhAva-svabhAva donoM ko eka sAtha vilakSaNa rUpa meM svIkAra karate ho to mRtpiNDa rUpa abhAva meM vicitratA saMbhava hai|163 - svabhAva ko abhAva aneka rUpa bhI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki jo aneka rUpa hotA hai, usakA loka meM abhAva nahIM dekhA jaataa| bhAva meM hI ghaTa, paTa, kaTa, zakaTa Adi ke rUpa meM vicitratA dikhAI detI hai| yadi abhAva meM vicitratA svIkAra karate haiM to vAstava meM abhAva ke rUpa meM nAmAntara se use bhAva rUpa svIkAra karate haiN| arthakriyA ke sAmarthyarUpa svabhAvabheda ke binA vastu meM vicitratA saMgata nahIM ThaharatI kyoMki sabhI vastuoM kI arthakriyA bhinna bhinna hotI hai, jaise ghaTa aura paTa kI arthakriyA meM bhinntaa| yadi abhAva meM arthakriyA mAnate ho to vaha ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki arthakriyAkAritA bhAva mAtra kA lakSaNa hai| ata: bhAva ko svIkAra karane para hI vibhedatA sambhava hai| isa prakAra svabhAva ko abhAvAtmaka nahIM mAnA jA sktaa|164 svabhAva ko bhAvarUpa mAnane para usakI jainadarzana meM mAnya karma se koI bhinnatA nahIM raha jAtI hai| arthAt Apane svabhAva ko mUrta,vicitra bhAva rUpa svIkAra kiyA hai to vaha karma rUpa hI hai|165 aba prazna yaha hotA hai ki yaha bhAva rUpa svabhAva kAraNagata hai yA kAryagata? yaha svabhAva kAryagata nahIM ho sakatA,kyoMki taba svabhAva kI hetutA hI nivRtta ho jaaegii| utpanna avasthA meM vastu kArya kahalAtI hai, anutpanna avasthA meM nhiiN| jo vastu jisa aprApta sattA ko prApta karAtI hai, vaha vastu usakA hetu kahalAtI hai| jo kArya sattA ko prApta nahIM hotA hai arthAt asat avasthA meM hotA

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svabhAvavAda 175 hai to vaha svabhAva kAryagata svabhAva nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki abhAvabhUta vastu kA svabhAva nahIM hotA hai| isa prakAra kAryagata svabhAva kArya kA hetu nahIM bana sktaa|266 yadi vaha svabhAva kAraNagata hai to vaha kisako iSTa nahIM hai, arthAt sabhI ko iSTa hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki hetutA kAraNa meM hI ho sakatI hai, kArya meM nhiiN| kAraNagata svabhAva kAraNa se bhinna nahIM apitu abhinna hai| ataH jagat kI sabhI vastue~ sakAraNa hotI haiM, aisA nizcaya hotA hai|167 ata: kahA jA sakatA hai- loka meM anubhava hone vAle sukha-duHkha kI vicitratA yadi nirhetuka hai to vaha sadaiva hI honI cAhie yA sadaiva hI nahIM honI caahie| kyoMki nirhetuka vastu anya kI apekSA nahIM rakhatI hai| ataH sukha-duHkha ko nitya sat yA nitya asat honA caahie|168 AcArya kahate haiM- 'nicca bhAvAbhAvappasaMgato sakaDamo hetu 169 arthAt sukha-duHkha kI nitya bhAva-abhAva kI prasaMgatA se aura kAdAcitkatA se ApakA mata khaNDita hotA hai| ataH sukha-duHkha sahetuka hai| hetu ke rUpa meM svakRta karma ko chor3akara kisI kAraNa kI saMbhAvanA nahIM bntii| zAstravArtA-samuccaya meM svabhAvavAda kA khaNDana mahAn dArzanika jainAcArya haribhadrasUri (700-770 IsvI zatI) ne kAlavAda, niyativAda Adi ekAntavAdoM ke nirasana kI bhA~ti aneka yuktiyoM se 'svabhAvavAda' kA bhI khaNDana prastuta kiyA hai bauddha dArzanika zAntarakSita ke 'tattvasaMgraha' aura siddhasenasUri ke 'sanmatitarka' para abhayadeva kI TIkA meM svabhAvavAda ke sambandha meM do mata pratipAdita hue haiM- prathama svabhAvahetuvAdI aura dvitIya nirhetuka svbhaavvaadii| svabhAvahetuvAdI svabhAva ko kAryotpatti meM hetu mAnate haiM, jabaki nirhetukavAdiyoM ke anusAra samasta bhAva binA hetu ke utpanna hote haiN| ina donoM matoM kA khaNDana 'zAstravArtA samuccaya' meM evaM usakI TIkA 'syAdvAdakalpalatA' meM samupalabdha hotA hai| 1. haribhadrasUri dvArA svabhAvahetuvAda kA nirasana i. svabhAva ko hI kArya kI utpatti meM hetu mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| 'svabhAva' kA artha hai- "svo bhAvaH' arthAt sva se abhinna bhaav| yaha bhAva pratyakSataH svasattA rUpa hI hotA hai| svasattA rUpa hone se usameM bhedaka tattva kA abhAva hai| bhedaka kA abhAva hone se jagat meM vicitratA sambhava nahIM ho skegii|170

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176 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa ii. isa taraha ekarUpa svabhAva mAnane se vaicitrya anupapatti doSa to AtA hI hai sAtha meM samUce jagat kI utpatti yugapad hone kI Apatti bhI AtI hai tatastasyAviziSTatvAd yugapadvizvasaMbhavaH / na cAsAviti sadyuktyA tadvAdopi na saMgataH / / 71 arthAt svabhAva ke aviziSTa hone ke kAraNa use kisI anya kAraNa kI apekSA na hone se, eka kArya kI utpatti ke samaya hI use sampUrNa vizva ko utpanna karanA cAhie, kintu pratyakSata: aisA dRggocara nahIM hotaa| ataH isa abAdhita tarka se svabhAvavAda asaMgata siddha hotA hai| iii. isa tarka ke uttara meM svabhAvavAdI yukti prastuta karate haiM ki 'nanu svabhAvasya kramavatkAryajanakatvamapi svabhAvAdeveti nAnupapattiriti cet 172 svabhAva kA kevala kAryajanakatva hI svabhAva nahIM hai, apitu kramavatkAryajanakatva svabhAva hai| isa svabhAva ke anusAra 'svabhAva' krama se hI kArya ko utpanna karegA,jisase eka sAtha jagadutpatti kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hogii| kintu unakI yaha yukti bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki svabhAva apane jisa svabhAva se kramayukta kArya ko utpanna karegA, usI svabhAva se vaha pUrva aura uttara kAla ko bhI utpanna kregaa| kintu pUrvakSaNa kA pahale uttarakSaNa kA bAda meM utpanna honA kAla dvArA niyantrita hotA hai, usake niyamana ke abhAva meM pUrvakAla bAda meM aura uttarakAla pahale bhI ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra kAla kI kramahInatA se svabhAvavAdiyoM kI yukti bAdhita hotI hai|173 iv. vaicitrya kI anupapannatA, vizva kI yugapat utpatti, kAla kI kramahInatA ke atirikta eka doSa yaha bhI hai ki jaba svabhAva hI sabhI jAtiyoM kA niyAmaka hai to bhinna-bhinna kAryoM meM bhinna-bhinna jAti na rahakara saba kAryoM meM sabhI jAtiyoM kA samAveza ho jAnA cAhie yA sabhI kAryoM kI eka hI jAti ho jAnI caahie|74 svabhAvavAdI punaH yukti dete haiM-'tattatkAlAdisApekSo vizvahetuH 175 arthAt svabhAva tattatkSaNAtmaka kAla ke yoga se tattat kArya kA kAraNa hotA hai| ataH tattat kSaNa ke kramika hone se vaha krama se hI kArya ko utpanna karatA hai| parantu yaha tarka bhI svabhAvavAda ko jIvita rakhane meM samartha nahIM hai| kyoMki isameM svabhAva ke atirikta kAraNa 'kAla' bhI sammilita hai| svabhAva mAtra kI kAraNatA pratipAdita na hone se svabhAvavAda siddhAnta sattAhIna ho jAtA hai- 'muktaH svabhAvavAdaH syaatkaalvaadprigrhaat|

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svabhAvavAda 177 2. TIkAkAra yazovijaya dvArA khaNDana meM prastuta tarka haribhadrasUri viracita zAstravArtAsamuccaya ke TIkAkAra yazovijaya (17vIM zatI) ne svabhAvahetuvAda ke khaNDana meM kucha naye tarka bhI prastuta kie haiM / unhoMne svabhAvavAdiyoM kI ora se tarka upasthApita kara unakA vidhivat khaNDana kiyA hai, yathAi. kAla ko kAraNa mAnane ke doSa kA nivAraNa karane ke lie yadi svabhAvavAdI kaheM ki 'svabhAva kSaNika hotA hai, kSaNika hone se svabhAva kA kramikatva anivArya hai| ataH kramika svabhAva se kramika kAryoM kI utpatti mAnane para svabhAva se bhinna kAraNa kI siddhi na hone se svabhAvavAda kA bhaMga nahIM ho sakatA, to svabhAvavAdiyoM kI yaha yukti bhI ucita nahIM hai| 'paraM na yuktam ekajAtIyahetuM vinA kAIMkajAtyA'saMbhavAt 178 kyoMki yuktihIna hone se Apa (svabhAvavAdiyoM) kA kathana vacanamAtra hai, kAraNa ki Apane pratyeka kArya ke prati bhinna-bhinna svabhAva ko kAraNa mAnA hai, jaise dasa ghaTa ke prati dasa prakAra ke svabhAva kAraNa haiN| isa sthiti meM ekajAtIya kAraNa kI siddhi na hone se kArya meM ekajAtIyatA nahIM bana paaegii| jabaki ghaTa-paTa Adi jaise eka jAti ke sahasroM kArya jagat meM dekhe jAte haiN| ii. apane mata ko sthApita karane hetu svabhAvavAdI punaH samAdhAna karate haiM ki ghaTotpAdaka samasta svabhAvoM meM 'ghaTakurvadrUpatva' nAma kI eka jAti mAna lI jAe to usa jAtigata svabhAva se hone vAle ghaToM meM ekajAtIyatA kI upapatti ho jaaegii| kintu yaha samAdhAna bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki kurvadpatva jAti prAmANika nahIM hai| yaha jAti prAmANika taba ho sakatI hai jaba eka hI kAraNa se kArya kI utpatti mAnI jAe, kintu eka hI kAraNa se kArya kA honA asiddha hai| kArya kI utpatti to kAraNa samUhAtmaka sAmagrI se hI hotI hai| sAmagrI-kAraNasamUha mAnane para gaurava avazya hai, kintu pramANAnumata hone se vaha gaurava sahya hai| pramANa zUnya hone se 'kurvadrUpatva ko svIkAra kiyA jAnA kaThina hai| isake atirikta eka doSa yaha bhI hai ki kurvadrUpatva bhAvapadArtha ke kSaNikatva para nirbhara karatA hai aura kSaNikatva pUrvottara ghaTAdi meM 'sa evAyaM ghaTaH' isa prakAra kI pratyabhijJA se bAdhita hai| iii. eka sthAna para 'ghaTakurvadrUpatva' se ghaTa kI utpatti hone para anyatra bhI usI ghaTa kI utpatti kI Apatti hotI hai| isa Apatti ke parihArArtha yadi dezaniyAmaka hetu kI kalpanA kI jAe to svabhAva se bhinna hetu ke siddha ho jAne se svabhAvavAda kA bhaMga ho jAtA hai|180

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178 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa iv. yadi svabhAva hI saba kAryoM kA janaka hogA to ghaTa ke prati daNDa Adi kI kAraNatA yathArthajJAna se yukta vyakti daNDAdi ke saMgraha meM pravRtta nahIM ho skegaa|81 kyoMki daNDa Adi se ghaTa Adi ke hone kI nizcitatA ke abhAva meM niSkampa pravRtti kA samarthana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| 3. yazovijaya dvArA nirhetuka svabhAvavAda kA nirasana haribhadra sUri ne 'nirhetuka svabhAvavAda' kI carcA nahIM kI hai, kintu unake TIkAkAra yazovijaya ne nirhetukasvabhAvavAda kA saMkSepa meM svarUpa prastuta kara khaNDana kiyA hai| nirhetuka svabhAvavAda ke anusAra samasta padArtha nirhetuka hote haiM- 'nirhetukA bhaavaaH|' isa mAnyatA ke anusAra kisI bhI kAraNa ko svIkAra na karanA svabhAvavAda hai| isake khaNDana meM yazovijaya tarka dete haiM samasta bhAva nirhetuka haiM, yaha svIkAra karane para bhI svabhAvavAda kA sAmrAjya nahIM Tika pAtA hai, kyoMki usakI puSTi meM hetu dene para 'vadato vyAghAtaH 'doSa AtA hai|82 jaisA ki kahA hai na heturastIti vadan sahetukaM, nanu pratijJAM svayameva bAdhate / athApi hetupralayAdasau bhavet, pratijJayA kevalayA'sya kiM bhavet? 83 nirhetuka bhAva ko hetu ke sAtha prastuta karane para vAdI svayaM hI pratijJA kA bhaMga kara detA hai aura hetuhIna pratijJA ko prastuta karane para pratijJA nirarthaka ho jAtI hai| yadi svabhAvavAdI hetu meM kArakatA na mAnakara jJApakatA ko aMgIkAra karate hue kahate haiM ki hetu ko jJApaka mAnane se na to pratijJA kA bhaMga hotA hai aura na pratijJA kI nirarthakatA kA prasaMga AtA hai|84 to unakA yaha samAdhAna ucita nahIM hai, kAraNa ki jJApaka hetu bhI jJAna kA janaka hone se kAraka hetu hI siddha hotA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha bhI hai ki jJApakahetutA ko kisI vizeSa dezakAla meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA jAegA to svabhAvavAdiyoM ko mAnya 'kAdAcitkatva meM vyAghAta hogA aura yadi niyata dezakAlAdi ko svIkAra karate haiM to vaha kAraka hetu siddha hogA, kyoMki niyatAvadhi (niyata dezakAla meM rahane vAlA) hI kAraka hotA hai| yadi aisA nahIM mAnA jAegA to 'gardabha se dhUma' kI utpatti mAnane kA prasaMga A jaaegaa| isa prakAra svabhAvahetuvAda aura nirhetuka svabhAvavAda vibhinna yuktiyoM se bAdhita hote haiN| vaicitrya kI anupapatti aura jagat kI yugapad utpatti doSa pratyakSataH svabhAva kI kAraNatA ko khaNDita karate haiN| svabhAva dvArA kramika utpatti mAnane para bhI

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svabhAvavAda 179 nirdoSatA nahIM AtI, kyoMki pUrvakSaNa aura uttarakSaNa kAla-niyamana ke abhAva meM kramahInatA ko prApta hote haiN| yadi kAla kA niyamana svIkAra kara liyA jAe to kahate haiM- 'muktaH svabhAvavAdaH syAtkAlavAdaparigrahAt' arthAt anya kAlavAda kAraNa kI sApekSatA ke nimitta se svabhAvavAda apramANita ho jAtA hai| aneka jAtiyoM vAle kAryoM kA niyAmaka svabhAvamAtra hone para sabhI kAryoM meM eka jAti kA athavA saba kAryoM meM sabhI jAtiyoM kA prasaMga upasthita ho jAtA hai| ise adhika spaSTa karate hue TIkAkAra yazovijaya ne kahA- 'ekajAtIyahetuM vinA kAryekajAtyA'saMbhavAt' ekajAtIya kAraNa kI siddhi na hone se kArya meM ekajAtIyatA saMbhava nahIM hotii| jisase vibhinna kAla meM bane hue aneka ghaToM meM ghaTatva rUpa eka jAti asaMbhava ho jAtI hai| isake samAdhAna hetu svabhAvavAdI 'ghaTakurvadrUpatva' nAma kI eka anya jAti svIkAra karate haiM, kintu vaha bhI aprAmANika hone se aura pratyabhijJA dvArA bAdhita hone se asiddha hai| isake atirikta dezaniyAmaka hetu kI kalpanA aura daNDAdi ke saMgraha meM apravRtti jaise doSa bhI kurvadrUpatva jAti ko nirAdhAra batAte haiM / uparyukta sabhI yuktiyA~ sahetuka svabhAvavAda ko dUSita karatI hai| 4 nirhetuka svabhAvavAda to hetu ke mAnane aura na mAnane donoM hI sthitiyoM meM apane astitva ko kho detA hai| jJApaka hetu ke dvArA apane Apako sthApita karane kA usakA prayAsa bhI niSphala ho jAtA hai| kAraNa ki jJApaka hetu bhI jJAna kA janaka hone se kAraka hetu hI siddha hotA hai| ataH svabhAvavAda ke ye donoM mata asat hai / ajJAta kRtikAra dvArA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana abhidhAna rAjendra koza meM svabhAvavAda viSayaka carcA samupalabdha hai, kintu vaha kisa kRti se uddhRta hai, isakA koI saMketa nahIM diyA gayA hai| isameM svabhAva mAtra kI kAraNatA ko anucita batAte hue usakA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| svabhAvavAdI kahate hai- 'iha sarve bhAvAH svabhAvavazAdupajAyante' arthAt sabhI bhAva svabhAva se utpanna hote haiM / khaNDana- svabhAva bhAva rUpa hotA hai yA abhAva rUpa? yadi bhAva rUpa hai to eka rUpa hai yA aneka ruup| ye sabhI avasthAe~ eka dUSaNa - jAla ko utpanna karatI haiM / 18 jo sva kA bhAva hai yA vastu kA apanA bhAva hai, vaha svabhAva hai| yaha svabhAva kAryagata hetu hai yA kAraNagata hetu ? yaha kAryagata nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki kArya ke niSpanna hone ke bAda hI kAryagata svabhAva hogA aura aniSpanna hone para nahIM / niSpanna hone ke bAda 'svabhAva' kArya kA hetu kaise ho sakatA hai? kyoMki vastu yA kArya kA svarUpa lAbha

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180 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa jisase hotA hai vaha usakA hetu hotA hai| isake viparIta yahA~ kArya kI niSpannatA se hetu rUpa svabhAva ko AtmalAbha prApta hotA hai| kArya kI niSpannatA se pUrva svabhAva ke abhAva kA prasaMga hone se, yaha kisa prakAra kAryagata hetu bana sakatA hai| 186 kAraNagata svabhAva kArya kA hetu hai, isa bAta se hama jaina bhI sahamata haiN| kAraNoM meM vibhinnatA hone se svabhAva bhI bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke hote haiM aura apane kAraNa ke prati niyata hote haiN| yathA-miTTI se kumbha hotA hai paTAdi nahIM, kyoMki miTTI meM paTAdikaraNa ke svabhAva kA abhAva hai| tantu se bhI paTa hI utpanna hotA hai ghaTa Adi nahIM, kyoMki tantuoM meM ghaTakaraNa Adi ke svabhAva kA abhAva hai| ataH kahA gayA hai- 'miTTI se kumbha hotA hai, paTAdi nahIM, yaha sabhI kAraNagata svabhAva svIkAra karane para hotA haiN| 187 isI prakAra anya kArya bhI svabhAva se hote haiN| yaha svabhAva ko kAraNagata aMgIkAra karane se hI saMbhava ho pAtA hai| jaise- kaDuka mUMga svakAraNa arthAt svabhAva se usa rUpa hote haiM ki sthAlI, Indhana, kAla Adi sAmagrI kA samparka hone para bhI pAka ko prApta nahIM hote| svabhAva kAraNa se abhinna hai, ataH sabhI padArtha sakAraNa hI haiN| ' 188 aura kahA gayA hai 'kAraNagao u heU keNa va niTThoti niyayakajjassa? na yaso tao vibhinno, sakAraNa savvameva tao / / ' arthAt hetu (svabhAva) kAraNagata rahatA hai| use apane kArya meM kisake dvArA sthApita kiyA gayA? arthAt kisI ke bhI dvArA nhiiN| vaha svabhAva kArya se bhI bhinna nahIM hai kyoMki sabhI padArtha kAraNa se hI utpanna haiN| abhayadevasUrikRta ( 10vIM zatI) 'tattvabodhavidhAyanI' TIkA meM svabhAvavAda kA upasthApana evaM khaNDana svabhAvavAda ke sambandha meM do prakAra kI mAnyatAe~ prApta hotI haiN| eka mAnyatA ke anusAra svabhAva ko padArtha kI utpatti meM kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai| isa mAnyatA kA ullekha abhayadevasUri ne 'svabhAvata eva bhAvA jAyante' (svabhAva se hI padArtha utpanna hote haiM) evaM 'svabhAvakAraNA bhAvAH' (padArthoM kI utpatti meM svabhAva kAraNa hotA hai) vAkyoM dvArA kiyA hai| dUsarI mAnyatA ke anusAra svabhAvavAda meM pratyeka padArtha ko nirhetuka mAnA jAtA hai| isakA ullekha abhayadevasUri ne 'sarvahetunirAzaMsasvabhAvA bhAvA: ' zabdoM se kiyA hai| svabhAvavAda ke isa dvitIya svarUpa ko svIkAra karane vAle svabhAvavAdiyoM ne prathama svarUpa (svabhAvakAraNAH

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svabhAvavAda 181 bhAvAH) kA khaNDana kiyA hai| abhayadevasUri ne nirhetuka svabhAvavAdiyoM ke dvArA svabhAvakAraNatAvAdiyoM kA khaNDana prastuta kiyA hai| tadanantara nirhetuka svarUpa vAle svabhAvavAda ke pakSa ko upasthApita kara usakA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai| ise yahA~ kramazaH saMkSepa meM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai - svabhAva kAraNa nahIM : nirhetuka svabhAvavAdI anya matAvalambI jo 'svabhAvata eva bhAvA jAyante 189 kathana dvArA padArthoM kI utpatti svabhAva se batalAte haiM, unakA mata doSapUrNa hai 1. 2. kAraNa ki isameM 'svAtmani kriyAvirodha' doSa AtA hai| apane meM (padArtha meM) kriyA kA sambhava nahIM ho pAnA hI 'svAtmanikriyAvirodha' kahalAtA hai| yathA agni dvArA svayaM ko jalAnA, pAnI dvArA svayaM ko bhigonA Adi / 10 cUMki loka meM dekhA jAtA hai ki agni kabhI svayaM ko nahIM jalAtI apitu para - padArtha ko jalAtI hai aura pAnI dUsaroM ko bhigotA hai, svayaM ko nahIM / ataH svabhAva se padArtha kA utpanna honA bAdhita hotA hai| - anutpanna padArtha kI sthiti meM jo padArtha anutpanna hai, unakA utpanna hone kA svabhAva nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / utpanna padArtha kI sthiti meM- jo padArtha utpanna haiM unameM vartamAna kAla meM svabhAva kI upasthiti hone para bhI utpatti ke pUrva svabhAva kA abhAva hotA hai| yaha pUrvakAlika svabhAva kA abhAva padArtha ke utpanna hone ke svabhAva kI nivRtti kara detA hai / 191 nirhetuka svabhAvavAda kA upasthApana nirhetuka svabhAvavAdiyoM ke anusAra binA kisI kAraNa ke kArya utpanna hotA hai| abhayadevasUri ne nirhetuka svabhAvavAda kA upasthApana sundara rIti se vyavasthita rUpa meM kiyA hai, jo yahA~ prastuta hai / 1. anupalabhyamAnasattAkaM kAraNam- svabhAvavAdiyoM kA yaha mata kAraNa ke binA hI kAryotpatti ko svIkAra karatA hai| kAraNa ke binA kAryotpatti se tAtparya sva aura para kAraNoM se nirapekSa 192 padArthoM kA janma honA hai, jise svabhAvavAdiyoM dvArA 'sarvahetunirAzaMsasvabhAvA bhAvA:- kahA gayA hai| 193 isa prasaMga meM svabhAvavAdI yukti dete haiM - 'yad anupalabhyamAnasattAkaM tat prekSAvatAmasadvayavahAraviSayaH yathA zazazRGgam, anupalabhyamAnasattAkaM ca bhAvAnAM kAraNamiti svabhAvAnupalabdhiH arthAt jo anupalabdha sattA vAlA (anupalabhyamAnasattAkaM ) hai 194 -

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182 jainadarzana meM kAraNa- kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa vaha prekSAvAna ke lie asat vyavahAra kA viSaya hai yathA- kharagoza ke sIMga / isI prakAra padArthoM ke kAraNa kI bhI sattA upalabdha nahIM hone se vaha vyavahAra kA viSaya nahIM hai| yaha tathya svabhAvAnupalabdhi hetu se siddha hai| isa prakAra kAraNa kA 'anupalabhyamAnasattAkaM' vizeSaNa kAryoM kA nirhetujanya honA siddha karatA hai / 2. pratyakSa se kAraNatA kI asiddhi - kA~ToM kI tIkSNatA Adi meM kisI nimitta kA pratyakSa Adi se anubhava nahIM kiyA jAtA hai / 195 isalie kahA gayA hai - kaH kaNTakAnAM prakaroti taikSNyaM vicitrabhAvaM mRgapakSiNAM vA / svabhAvataH sarvamidaM pravRttaM na kAmacAro'sti kutaH prayatnaH / / kauna kA~ToM ko tIkSNa karatA hai, kauna pazu-pakSiyoM meM vicitra bhAva ko utpanna karatA hai| ye sabhI svabhAva se hote haiN| inameM kisI kA svecchAcAra yA prayatna nahIM hai| 3. kAdAcitka hetu se duHkhAdi AdhyAtmika kAryoM kI nirhetukatA pramANita- yadi yaha kahA jAe ki bAhya padArthoM ke kAraNoM kI anupalabdhi hone se unakI ahetukatA bhale hI siddha ho, kintu duHkhAdi AdhyAtmika kAryoM ke prati nirhetukatA kaise siddha hogI? to kahanA hogA ki duHkhAdi kI pratyakSa pramANa se nirhetukatA bhale hI asiddha ho, kintu anumAna pramANa se siddha hai, yathA- "jo kAdAcitka hotA hai vaha nirhetuka hotA hai, jaise- kaNTakAdi kI tIkSNatA" isI prakAra kAdAcitka duHkhAdi svabhAva hetu se nirhetuka hai / 196 4. kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta hI doSapUrNa- dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki kAraNakArya siddhAMta bhI apane Apa meM doSapUrNa hai| isa siddhAMta ke anusAra jisake hone para jisakA honA tathA na hone para jisakA na honA pAyA jAe arthAt jisake sAtha jisakI anvaya- vyatireka vyApti hotI hai, vaha usakA kAraNa hotA hai| kintu kAraNa-kArya kA yaha mantavya ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha vyabhicAra se yukta hai| udAharaNArtha- sparza kA sadbhAva hone para cakSurvijJAna hotA hai tathA isake abhAva meM nahIM hotA hai| sparza aura cakSurvijJAna ke madhya vyApti sambandha hone ke bAvajUda bhI sparza cakSurvijJAna ke prati kAraNa nahIM hotA hai| isa vyabhicAra se kAraNatva kA lakSaNa khaNDita hotA hai| ataH sabhI hetuoM se nirapekSa kAryotpatti hotI hai, aisA siddha hotA hai / 197 yahA~ nirhetuka svabhAvavAdI dvArA apane mata kA upasthApana karane se pUrva 'svabhAva hetuvAdI' ke mata kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| svAtmanikriyAvirodha se evaM

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svabhAvavAda 183 anutpanna - utpanna padArthoM meM svabhAva kI kAraNatA na banane se svabhAvahetuvAdI dvArA mAnya svabhAva kA svarUpa vighaTana ko prApta hotA hai / svabhAvAnupalabdhi hetu se kAraNa sattA kI anupalabdhi, pratyakSa se kAraNatA kI asiddhi, kAdAcitka hetu se duHkhAdi AdhyAtmika kAryoM kI nirhetukatA ke pramANoM se svabhAva ko nirhetuka mAnA hai| mUla siddhAMta arthAt kArya-kAraNa siddhAMta ko hI doSapUrNa batAkara svabhAvavAdiyoM ne 'nirhetuka svabhAvavAda' ko sthApita kiyA hai| abhayadevasUri dvArA nirhetuka svabhAvavAda kA nirasana jaina darzana ke mahAn naiyAyika abhayadevasUri 'tarka paJcAnana' viruda se vizruta rahe haiN| inhoMne anekAntavAda ke pratiSThApaka AcArya siddhasena sUri dvArA racita 'sanmatitarka prakaraNa' para 'tattvabodhavidhAyanI' nAmaka vizAla TIkA kA nirmANa kiyA. hai| abhayadevasUri kRta TIkA meM 'svabhAvavAda' kA jo khaNDana kiyA gayA hai, use yahA~ saMkSepa meM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai (1) kaNTakAdi kI tIkSNatA nirhetuka nahIM- 'asadetat', kaNTakAditaikSNyAderapi nirhetukatvAsiddheH ' kaNTakAdi kI tIkSNatA kI nirhetukatA siddha na hone se ApakA vacana asat hai, kyoMki pratyakSa-anupalambha rUpa anvayavyatireka se bIja Adi kI kAraNatA nizcita hotI haiN| 198 jisake hone para jisakA honA tathA jisake vikRta hone para jisakA vikRta honA pAyA jAe, vaha usakA kAraNa. kahalAtA hai| phUlI huI viziSTa avasthA aMkuraNa ko prApta bIja kaNTakAdi tIkSNatA meM kAraNa hai, kyoMki inameM anvaya vyatireka sambandha hai| pratyakSa aura anupalambha se bIjAdi ke hone para kaNTakotpatti dRSTigata hotI hai, isake abhAva meM nahIM / ataH bIjAdi kAraNa kI upalabdhi se 'anupalabhyamAnasattAkaM ca kAraNam' hetu asiddha hotA hai| ! 199 (2) kAdAcitka hetu asiddha- 'kAdAcitkatvAt iti sAdhanam tadapi viruddham, sAdhyaviparyayasAdhanAd' arthAt Apane kAdAcitka hetu diyA hai, vaha bhI Apake siddhAnta ke viruddha hai| kyoMki yaha hetu sAdhya 'nirhetuka' se viparIta 'sahetuka' meM jAtA hai isalie ahetu kA kAdAcitka honA anupapanna hai| Apake dvArA pradatta kaNTakatIkSNatA aura duHkhasukhAdi dRSTAnta ahetukatA ke abhAva se Apake sAdhya ko siddha nahIM karate haiM arthAt ye dRSTAnta sAdhyavikala haiN| " yaha sAdhya vikalatA Apake mata ko vikRta karatI hai| 200 (3) kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta doSapUrNa nahIM- Apake dvArA kAryakAraNa siddhAnta vyabhicArI batAyA gayA hai, vaha asiddha hai| rUpa ke sAtha sparza bhI cakSurvijJAna 1

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184 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa meM nimitta banatA hai, kyoMki sparza ke binA rUpa kI viziSTa avasthA asaMbhava hai| viziSTa avasthA se tAtparya kisI bhI padArtha meM rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza bhAva eka sAtha rahate haiN| eka kA abhAva hone para tInoM kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| padArtha meM eka bhAva kA honA va anya bhAva kA na honA viziSTa avasthA hai| isa viziSTa avasthA ke asaMbhava hone se sparza ke sAtha cakSurvijJAna kI kAraNatA anvaya-vyatireka pUrvaka siddha ho jAtI hai|209 isa vizeSa paristhiti yA apavAda kI sthiti ke AdhAra para kArya-kAraNa bhAva ko asiddha nahIM mAnanA caahie|202 isI prasaMga meM kahA gayA hai ki kevala vyatireka vyApti ko sAmAnya avasthA meM kArya-kAraNa bhAva ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA jAtA hai kintu vizeSa avasthA meM svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| kyoMki sabhI samartha kAraNoM ke upalabdha hone para bhI unake madhya eka kAraNa ke abhAva se bhI jaba kArya nahIM hotA hai taba vaha usakA (kArya kA) kAraNa vyavasthApita hotA hai| isa vizeSa paristhiti meM vyatireka vyApti se kAraNatA mAnI gaI hai, anyathA 'phArasa deza meM mAtA kA vivAha hone para piNDakhajUra hotA hai aura usake abhAva meM nahIM hotA hai' yaha vyApti bhI avyabhicArI arthAt doSa rahita hone lgegii| isI prakAra vyatireka vyApti vAle sparza se cakSurvijJAna hone meM doSa nahIM hotA, kyoMki rUpAdi kI upasthiti dikhAkara sparza ke abhAva meM cakSurvijJAna pradarzita karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| ata: kAryakAraNa siddhAnta doSapUrNa nahIM hai|203 / (4) deza, kAla Adi kI kAraNatA- parvokta bIjAdi hI kA~ToM kI tIkSNatA ke prati kAraNa nahIM haiM, apita dezakAlAdi bhI kAraNa haiN| yadi aisA na hotA to kaNTakAdi kI tIkSNatA usa niyata deza kAla meM upalabdha na hokara anya deza kAla meM bhI upalabdha hotii|204 deza, kAla Adi kAraNa se nirapekSa hone para yaha saMbhAvanA bntii| kintu aisA jagat meM nahIM dekhA jaataa| ata: yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki sabhI kArya deza kAla kI apekSA rakhate haiN| pratyakSataH siddhi hone se kAlAdi kI kAryatA kI avagati hotI hai|205 (5) jJApaka hetu ke nirasana se- yadi hetu ko kAraka nahIM jJApaka mAnate haiM to yaha bhI ucita nhiiN| kyoMki kAraka hetu kA pratikSepa karane vAle svabhAvavAdI dvArA jJApaka hetu ko svIkAra karane para bhI svapakSa meM bAdhA AtI hai| kyoMki hetu yA jJApaka hetu kA pratipAdaka vacana svapakSa siddhi kA utpAdaka hotA hai| usake abhAva meM usakI jJApaka hetutA nahIM bnegii|206 svapakSasiddhi ke binA bhI usakI jJApaka hetutA svIkAra kara lI jAe to sabake prati jJApakatA siddha ho jaayegii| isa prakAra jJApaka hetu bhI svapakSasiddhi kA utpAdaka hone se kAraka hetu ke samAna ho jaayegaa| donoM meM koI

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svabhAvavAda 185 bheda nahIM rhegaa| yadi jJApaka hetu sAdhya kA anutpAdaka hotA hai aura kAraka heta sAdhya kA utpAdaka hotA hai to isase ApakI pratijJA spaSTa rUpa se bAdhita hotI hai| kyoMki niyata bhAva kI upasthiti hone para hI pratiniyata vastu kA janma hotA hai, ata: sahetuka hotI haiN| jaise Apake dvArA prayukta sAdhana (jJApaka hetu) niyata bhAva kI upasthiti hone para hI sAdhyArtha kA jJAna karAte haiM vaise hI mayUracandrakAdi bhAva bhI sahetuka haiM yaha svabhAva hetu se siddha hai| ata: svabhAvavAda ko svIkAra karanA yukti saMgata nahIM hai|207 (6) anupalabhyamAna sattAkaM' hetu doSapUrNa- isa prakAra kaNTakAdi kI tIkSNatA meM bIjAdi kI kAraNatA, anyatama kAraNa kA abhAva hone para kArya kI asiddhi, pratiniyata deza-kAla Adi kI apekSA hone se unakI kAraNatA, kAdAcitkatva hetu kI anupapannatA Adi se yaha siddha hai ki padArthoM ke kAraNa kI sattA anupalabdha nahIM hai- 'evamanupalabhyamAnasattAkaM bhAvAnAM kAraNamiti hetorasiddhatA, pratijJAyAzca pratyakSavirodho vyvsthitH| 208 arthAt padArthoM kA kAraNa anupalabhyamAnasattA vAlA hai, yaha hetu asiddha hai tathA ApakI (svabhAvavAdiyoM kI) pratijJA meM pratyakSa virodha AtA hai| yadi ApakA hetu 'anupalabhyamAnasattAkaM kAraNaM' siddha mAnA jAe to usameM anaikAntikatA kA doSa AtA hai| kyoMki pradatta hetu 'kAraNatA' ko sthApita karate hue unakI 'nirhetukatA' kI pratijJA ko hI bAdhita kara detA hai| pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki anupalambha mAtra ko hetu mAnane meM koI pramANa nahIM hai aura yadi hetu mAna bhI liyA jAe to svabhAvavAdiyoM ke dvArA kAraNatA kI svIkRti ho jAtI hai jisase nirhetuka svabhAvavAda kI pratijJA hI bhaMga ho jAtI hai| (7) anupalabdhi hetu kI asiddhi- anupalabdhi hetu ko Apane svopalambhanivRtti rUpa mAnA hai yA sarvapuruSopalambhanivRtti rUpa?209 prathama pakSa ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki tamAla,vetasa Adi vRkSoM ke antargata hone vAle bIja svaMya ko dRSTa (svopalambha) nahIM hote haiM to bhI unakI sattA nivRtta nahIM hotI hai arthAt sattA se hote haiN| sarvapuruSopalambhanivRttirUpa dvitIya pakSa bhI yukta nahIM hai, hetu ke asiddha hone se| sabhI puruSoM ke dvArA adRSTa (sarvapuruSopalambhanivRtti) hone para mayUracandrakAdi kI kAraNatA kI anupalabdhatA nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahI jA sakatI hai|10 (8) hetu kA prayoga karane para pratijJA kA bhaMga- 'nirhetukA bhAvAH' kI pratijJA meM Apake dvArA hetu svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, yA nahIM?11 yadi hetu kA upAdAna nahIM kiyA gayA hai to svapakSa kI siddhi nahIM hogI, kyoMki pramANa ke binA pratijJA siddha nahIM hotii| hetu ke grahaNa karane para pramANajanya pakSa kI siddhi ko svIkAra karane

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186 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa vAle Apa apane mata ko svayaM hI khaNDita kara deNge| 212 ataH kahA gayA hai na heturastIti vadan sahetukaM nanu pratijJAM svayameva bAdhate / athApi hetupraNayAlaso bhavet pratijJayA kevalayA'sya kiM bhavet 113 saMkSepa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki svabhAvavAdiyoM ke sabhI hetu doSayukta hone ke kAraNa apane mata ko sthApita karane meM samartha nahIM haiN| kAdAcitka hetu sAdhya ke abhAva meM bhI rahatA hai, ataH vaha sAdhyavikala hai| svabhAvavAdiyoM ne ApavAdika sthiti ko batalAkara kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta doSapUrNa ThaharAyA hai, jo ki ucita nahIM hai| kA~ToM kI tIkSNatA meM mAnya 'anupalabhyamAnasattAkaM kAraNam' hetu bhI bIjAdi kI upalabdhi se asiddha hotA hai| isa saMdarbha meM kahate haiM- 'na kevalaM bIjAdiH kAraNatvena bhAvAnAM nizcitaH ', kintu deza-kAlAdirapi - mAtra bIjAdi hI kA~ToM kI tIkSNatA ke prati kAraNa nahIM hai, apitu deza kAlAdi bhI kAraNa haiN| bIja, deza kAlAdi kAraNoM kI upasthiti kI prAsaMgikatA ke sAtha svabhAvavAdI kI pratijJA meM pratyakSa virodha bhI isa hetu se utpanna hotA hai| ataH kahA gayA hai'evamanupalabhyamAnasattAkaM bhAvAnAM kAraNamiti hetorasiddhatA, pratijJAyAzca pratyakSavirodho vyavasthitaH / sva aura sarva donoM dRSTiyoM se svIkArya anupalabdhi hetu bhI khaNDita hotA hai| svabhAvavAdiyoM dvArA hetu ko kAraka na mAnakara jJApaka mAnA gayA hai, jo bhI asaMgata hai| kAraNa ki jJApaka hetu bhI svapakSasiddhi kA utpAdaka hone se kAraka hetu ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra hetu ke svIkAra karane para pratijJA - virodha aura asvIkAra karane para aprAmANikatA kA bhaya svabhAvavAda ko nirmUla karatA hai| bauddha dArzanika zAntarakSita dvArA tattvasaMgraha meM svabhAvavAda kA upasthApana eMva nirasana bauddha dArzanika zAntarakSita (8vIM zatI) viracita 'tattvasaMgraha' evaM usa para kamalazIla (8vIM zatI) kI paMjikA meM bhI svabhAvavAda kI carcA samupalabdha hai| yahA~ usake anusAra svabhAva kA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana prastuta hai svabhAvavAda kA nirUpaNa (1) sabhI padArthoM kA janma 'sarvahetunirAzaMsaM' arthAt sarva hetu abhAva se yAnI svabhAva se hotA hai| svabhAvavAdI padArthotpatti meM 'nAhuH svamapi kAraNam' kathana se 'sva' aura api se 'para' ina donoM ko kAraNa asvIkAra karate hue kahate haiMsarvahetunirAzaMsaM bhAvAnAM janma varNyate / svabhAvavAdibhiste hi nAhuH svamapi kAraNam / / 214

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svabhAvavAda 187 svabhAvavAdiyoM kI bhA~ti kucha dArzanikoM kI mAnyatA rahI hai ki padArtha sva kAraNa se hI utpanna hote hai- 'svata eva bhAvA jAyante iti' kintu isa mantavya kA svabhAvavAdI nirAkaraNa karate hue kahate haiM-'svakriyAyA virodhAt ityAdinA nirstaaH'| svayaM padArtha meM kriyA kA sambhava nahIM ho pAnA 'svakriyAvirodha' kahalAtA hai| jaise- cAkU dvArA svayaM ko nahIM kaattnaa| yaha svakriyAvirodha hI padArtha kI sva kAraNatA khaNDita karatA hai| pUrvokta mAnyatA meM parabhAva (padArtha) tyAga kara svabhAva (padArtha) kI kAraNatA iSTa hai jabaki svabhAvavAdI ko para ke sAtha sva kAraNa bhI iSTa nahIM hai| isI bheda ko sthApita karate hue svabhAvavAdI pUrva mAnyatA kA nirasana karate haiN|15 / / (2) prAkRtika vicitratAoM meM kAraNa ko khojate hue svabhAvavAdiyoM kA mantavya hai 'rAjIvakesarAdInAM vaicitryaM kaH karoti hi / mayUracandrakAdirvA vicitra: kena nirmitaH / / 16 kamala, kesara Adi meM vicitratA kauna karatA hai aura mayUracandraka ke vibhinna raMgoM ko kauna citrita karatA hai| kamalazIla ne tattvasaMgraha paMjikA meM ina praznoM ko aura vistRta rUpa dekara isa prakAra nirUpita kiyA hai- nAla, dala, karNikA, kA~ToM kA taikSNya kisake dvArA sampAdita hotA hai| hamAre matAnusAra to Izvara bhI anupalabdha hai| aisI sthiti meM svabhAva ke atirikta anya koI kAraNa nahIM ho sktaa| (3) svabhAvavAdI se zaMkA kI jAtI hai- bAhya padArthoM ke kAraNoM kI anupalabdhi hone se ahetutva siddha hotA hai, kintu AdhyAtmika (Atmika) sukhaduHkha Adi meM ahetutA kaise hogI? isake pratyuttara meM svabhAvavAdI kA nimna zloka hai - 'yathaiva kaNTakAdInAM taiyAdikamahetukam / kAdAcitkatayA tadvaduHkhAdInAmahetutA / / 297 arthAt jaise kA~ToM kI tIkSNatA ahetuka hai, usI ke samAna kAdAcitka hone se duHkhAdi ahetuka haiN| duHkhAdi AdhyAtmika kArya kI pratyakSataH nirhetukatA siddha nahIM hotI hai, kintu anumAna se usakI nirhetukatA siddha hotI hai| jaise- jo jo kAdAcitka hotA hai,

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188 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa vaha vaha nirhetuka hotA hai| yathA- kaNTakAdi kA taikSNya, isI prakAra duHkhAdi bhI kAdAcitka hai| yaha svabhAva hetu se siddha hai| svabhAvavAdiyoM kA kathana hai ki 'jisake hone para jisakA honA pAyA jAe tathA jisake nahIM hone para jisakA nahIM honA pAyA jAe, vaha kAraNa hai' yaha mantavya samIcIna nahIM hai kyoMki isameM vyabhicAra dekhA jAtA hai| udAharaNa ke lie sparza ke hone para cakSu se jJAna honA tathA usake abhAva meM nahIM honA, aisI anvayavyatireka vyApti hone para bhI sparza cakSurvijJAna meM kAraNa nahIM hotA hai| ata: yaha kAraNa kA lakSaNa nahIM hai, vyabhicAra hone se| ata: padArthoM kI utpatti meM koI bhI kAraNa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| svabhAvavAdI isIlie padArtha kI utpatti sarvahetuoM se rahita pratipAdita karate haiN| khaNDana- kAraNa ke hone para hI kArya hotA hai| isa tathya kI siddhi bauddha dArzanika zAntarakSita ne tattvasaMgraha meM karate hue kahA hai ki saroja, kesara Adi kI vicitratA kA bhI kAraNa hai, ve bIja,paMka jala Adi kI kAraNatA se utpanna kArya hai, jo bIja Adi kI avasthA ko chor3akara saroja kesara Adi kI avasthA ko prApta kara lete haiN| pratyakSa aura anupalambha ina donoM se saroja kesarAdi kI kAraNatA siddha hai kyoMki bIja, jala, paMka Adi ke hone para hI saroja kesara Adi kI utpatti dekhI jAtI hai, inake abhAva meM nhiiN|218 svabhAvavAdiyoM ne jo kArya-kAraNa bhAva lakSaNa meM vyabhicAra batAyA hai, vaha bhI asiddha hai| rUpa hetu vAle cakSarvijJAna meM sparza bhI nimitti kAraNa hai, kyoMki sparza kI rUpa ke prati hetutA hai| isalie cakSurvijJAna ke prati sparza kA nimitta bhAva hai| rUpa aura sparza meM sAkSAt aura paramparA kA bheda hai arthAt rUpa cakSurvijJAna meM sAkSat kAraNa hai jabaki sparza paramparAgata kAraNa hai|219 dUsarA tarka yaha bhI hai ki kArya-kAraNa sambandha meM sAmAnya rUpa se vyatireka avasthA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai apitu vizeSa avasthA meM svIkRta hai| kyoMki sabhI samartha kAraNoM ke upalabdha hone para bhI unake madhya eka kAraNa ke abhAva se kArya nahIM hotA hai to vaha usakA (kArya kA) kAraNa vyavasthApita hotA hai| yaha vaha vizeSa avasthA hai jisameM vyatireka dvArA kAraNatA nirUpita huI hai| isa vizeSa paristhiti ke kAraNa yadi vyatireka vyApti mAtra ko hI svIkAra kara liyA jAe to yaha bhI vyApti bana jAegI- isa deza meM mAtA ke vivAha hone para piNDakhajUra hotA hai aura usake abhAva meM nahIM hotA / isa prakAra kI sadoSa vyApti bhI taba vyabhicAra rahita mAnI jaaegii| kintu sparza se cakSurvijJAna ke anumAna meM aisI sadoSa vyApti nahIM hai,

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svabhAvavAda 189 kyoMki rUpAdi kI upasthiti dikhAkara sparza ke abhAva meM cakSurvijJAna pradarzita kara diyA jAe taba hamArI bAta meM vyabhicAra hogA, anyathA nhiiN| paramparAgata kAraNa ke rUpa meM sparza kI cakSurvijJAna ke prati kAraNatA siddha hI hotI hai| ata: kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta meM vyabhicAra nahIM hai|220 kaNTakAdi taikSNya meM kevala bIja Adi hI kAraNa nahIM hote, kintu deza, kAla Adi bhI pratiniyata kAraNa haiM niyatau dezakAlau ca bhAvAnAM bhavataH katham / yadi taddhetutA naiSAM syuste sarvatra sarvadA / / 221 yadi rAjIvAdi ke prati niyata deza kAla hetutA nahIM hai taba prazna upasthita hotA hai ki parvatAdi sthAna ko chor3akara salila Adi niyata deza meM aura zizira Adi samaya (kAla) kA parihAra kara grISmakAla meM hI kamala kyoM utpanna hotA hai, anyatra kyoM prApta nahIM hotaa| deza kAla se nirapekSa hone para to rAjIvAdi ko sabhI deza aura kAla meM honA caahie| anya deza kAla kA parihAra kara niyama se pratiniyata deza kAla meM rAjIvAdi kA honA ina kAraNoM kI sApekSatA kA nizcaya karatA hai|222 ___ apekSA se kAryatA saMbhava hotI hai arthAt jisakI utpatti meM jisakA honA anivArya ho vaha usakA kAraNa hotA hai| ata: kahA hai tadapekSA tathAvRttirapekSA kAryatocyate 223 ___anya dezAdi ko chor3akara niyata dezAdi meM honA hI apekSA kahalAtI hai| 'tathA vRtti' arthAt kArya ko utpanna karane ke lakSaNa vAlI apekSA se kArya hotA hai| yaha tathAvRtti pratyakSa se siddha hotI hai|224 svabhAvavAda pratyakSa pramANa se tathA pratyakSa-anupalambha hetu se bAdhita hotA hai tatsvAbhAvikavAdo'yaM pratyakSeNa prbaadhyte| pratyakSAnupalambhAbhyAM heturUpasya nishcyaat||225 svabhAvavAdI ne jo sukhAdi kI siddhi ke lie kAdAcitka ko hetu batAyA hai, vaha sAdhya viparIta hone se viruddha hai| ahetu hone se tathA dRSTAnta kI vikalatA se kAdAcitkatva utpanna nahIM rhtaa|226 yadi svabhAvavAda kI siddhi meM anupalambhamAtra ko hetu svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai to anaikAntikatA-doSa AtA hai| kyoMki pramANAbhAva hetu se artha kI sattA ke abhAva kA nizcaya nahIM ho sktaa|227

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190 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa isI tarka ko Age bar3hAte hue kahA hai ki svabhAva vyApaka hotA hai| vyApaka ke nivRtta ho jAne para vyApya nivRtta ho jAtA hai arthAt kAraNa ke nivRtta hone para kArya bhI nivRtta ho jAtA hai| bauddha mata meM tAdAtmya aura tadutpatti dvArA kAraNa va kArya pratibaddha (vyApti) svabhAva vAle hote haiN| pramANa aura artha kI sattA meM abheda nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki unameM bhinnatA kA bodha hotA hai| pramANa artha kI utpatti kA kAraNa nahIM hotaa| pramANa se utpatti mAnane para vyabhicAra AtA hai ki pramANa ke binA bhI padArtha kI sattA rahatI hai| deza, kAla Adi kI dRSTi se viprakRSTa padArtha pramANa kA viSaya nahIM banate tathApi unakI sattA rahatI hai| pratyakSa pramANa kA viSaya na banane evaM padArtha kI sattA hone meM koI virodha nahIM hai| jo jisake binA bhI hotA hai vaha usakA kAraNa nahIM hotA hai| isa prakAra padArtha kI sattA meM koI kAraNa nahIM hotA hai| yadi usakI sattA meM kAraNa svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai to 'sarvahetunirAzaMsa' rUpa ApakI pratijJA kA parityAga ho jAtA hai| yadi padArtha ko utpanna honA svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai to padArtha kI sattA meM pramANa ko kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki viSayabhUta artha se pramANa to utpanna hotA hai, kintu pramANa se prameya arthAt padArtha utpanna nahIM hote haiN|228 / __svabhAvavAdiyoM ne jo nirhetukatA kahI hai vaha sarvadRSTi se hai yA svadRSTi se? donoM hI dRSTiyoM se nirhetukatA khaNDita hotI hai sarvAdRSTizca sandigdhA svaadRssttirvybhicaarinnii| vindhyAdirandhadUrvAderadvaSTAvapi sattvataH / / 229 arthAt vindhyAdi parvata para vartamAna guphA meM ghAsa Adi nahIM dikhane para bhI ve svarUpa se vidyamAna hote haiN| ataH sabhI ko adRSTa hone se aura svadRSTi kI vyabhicAritA se padArtha kI sattA meM saMdeha karanA ucita nahIM hai| ____ Apa svabhAvavAdI anupalabdha hetu se sabhI puruSoM ke dvArA hone vAlI upalabdhi (jJAna) kI nivRtti mAnate haiM yA sva-upalabdhi kI? mayUracandrakAdi kA kAraNa dRSTa nahIM hone para sabhI arvAgdarzI kAraNa ko anupalabdha mAna lete haiN| unakA yaha tarka prAmANika nahIM hai| svadRSTi se adRSTa hone para vastu kI sattA meM vyabhicAra kaise batAyA jA sakatA hai? kyoMki parvata kI kandarA ke bhItara hone vAlI ghAsa, kisalaya, zilA-khaNDa Adi svayaM dvArA draSTavya nahIM hone para bhI sattvataH hote haiN| isa prakAra padArtha kI sattA hotI hai, sandeha ke kAraNa unheM sattArahita nahIM kaha skte|230 ata: mayUracandrakAdi ke kAraNa adraSTavya hone se nahIM haiM, aisA nahIM mAnA jA sktaa|

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svabhAvavAda 191 'sabhI bhAva nirhetuka haiM' isa svapakSa kI siddhi meM Apake dvArA hetu kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai athavA nhiiN| yadi hetu kA grahaNa nahIM karate hai to ApakA pakSa siddha nahIM hotA hai aura ApakA mata aprAmANika ho jAtA hai| hetu ke svIkAra kara lene para ApakI pratijJA khaNDita ho jAtI hai| hetu ke binA kevala pratijJA se ApakA mata pratipAdita nahIM hotA hai| isa prakAra svabhAvavAdiyoM kA mantavya hetu ke dene tathA nahIM dene, ina donoM sthitiyoM meM siddha nahIM hotA hai|231 uparyukta tarka kA uttara dete hue svabhAvavAdI kahate haiM ki hama svabhAvavAda kI siddhi meM jo hetu dete haiM vaha kAraka hetu nahIM, jJApaka hetu hai| jJApaka hetu kisI kA kAraka nahIM hotA hai, isalie hamArI pratijJA sthApita ho jAtI hai tathAhi jJApako heturvaco vA ttprkaashkm| siddhenimittatAM gcchnsaadhyjnyaapkmucyte||222 hamAre dvArA diyA gayA hetu svArthAnumAna kAla meM sAdhya kA jJApaka hotA hai tathA parArthAnumAnakAla meM usa jJApaka hetu kA prakAzaka vacana prameyArtha (sAdhya) kA nizcaya karAtA hai| isa prakAra sAdhya kI siddhi meM nimitta banatA huA yaha hetu sAdhya kA jJApaka kahalAtA hai, kAraka nhiiN| bauddhAcArya isa yukti ko bhI khaNDita karate hue jJApaka hetu kI kAraNatA batalAte haiN| jJApaka hetu bhI 'jJAna' ke prati kAraka hotA hai, kyoMki vaha jJAna kA hetu hotA hai| isase svabhAvavAdiyoM ke svavacana meM virodha AtA hai| 2333 jaina darzana meM svabhAva kA svarUpa evaM usakI kAraNatA jisa prakAra jaina darzana meM ekAnta kAlavAda svIkRta na hote hue bhI 'kAla' kA vivecana prApta hotA hai, isI prakAra ekAnta 'svabhAvavAda' svIkRta na hote hue bhI svabhAvaviSayaka varNana samprApta hotA hai / jainadarzana meM pudgala, jIva evaM anya dravyoM kA apanA svabhAva svIkRta hai| 'kAla' kA varNana to vistAra se prApta hotA hai, kyoMki 'kAla' ko to jainadarzana meM pRthak eka dravya mAnA gayA hai, kintu 'svabhAva' koI dravya yA padArtha nahIM hai| isalie svabhAva kI carcA utanI vyApaka nahIM milatI hai| yaha avazya hai ki pratyeka dravya yA padArtha kA apanA svabhAva hotA hai, usa svabhAva ko AdhAra banAkara yatra-tatra phuTakara rUpa meM svabhAvaviSayaka nirUpaNa milatA hai, jise yahA~ ekatra karane kA prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai|

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192 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa padArtha kA svagata bhAva hI svabhAva hai| pratyeka padArtha kI sattA alaga-alaga hone se svabhAva meM anekatA aura vividhatA hai| svabhAva ke sAmAnya svarUpa ko vidvAnoM dvArA paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne kahIM vastu ke pariNAma ko to kahIM utpAda-vyaya-ghrauvyAtmakatA ko svabhAva kahA hai| kucha granthoM meM svabhAva antaraMga kAraNa ke rUpa meM sAmAnya astitva aura guNa-paryAya svarUpa meM prastuta huA hai / kisI ne vastu ke svabhAva ko hI dharma ke rUpa meM paribhASita kiyA hai| Agama meM svabhAva nirUpaNa bhagavatI sUtra aura usakI vRtti meM-bhagavatI sUtra meM tIna prakAra ke pudgala pariNAma kahe gae haiM- 'tivihA poggalA paNNattA taMjahA-payogapariNatA, mIsasA pariNatA, vIsasA prinntaa|34 AcArya mahAprajJa ne ina tIna pariNAmoM ke AdhAra para sRSTi ke tIna bheda kie haiM - 1. prayogajA sRSTi 2. svabhAvajA sRSTi 3. mizrajA sRsstti|225 ina tInoM sRSTiyoM meM prayoga-pariNAma, mizra-pariNAma aura svabhAva-pariNAma AdhArabhUta tattva mAne gae haiN| prathama do pariNAmoM kA sambandha jIvakRta sRSTi se hai, jabaki svabhAva pariNAma kA ajIvakRta sRSTi se hai| varNa Adi kA pariNamana pudgala ke svabhAva se hI hotA hai, isameM jIva kA koI yoga nahIM hai| abhayadevasUri ne bhagavatI sUtra kI vRtti meM zarIra nirmANa meM jIva kA prayoga aura svabhAva donoM kA yoga batalAyA hai- 'prayogapariNAmamatyajanto visrasayA svabhAvAntaramApAditAH muktkddevraadiruupaaH| athavodArikAdivarga rUpA visrasayA niSpAditAH saMtaH jIvaprayogeNaikendriyAdizarIraprabhRtipariNAmamApAditAsjIvaprayogeNaikendriyAdizarIraprabhRti-pariNAmamApAditAstai mishrprinntaaH|236 arthAt zarIra kA nirmANa jIva ne kiyA hai, isalie vaha jIva ke prayoga se pariNata dravya hai| svabhAva se usakA rUpAntaraNa hotA hai isalie vaha mizra pariNata dravya hai| audArika Adi vargaNA svabhAva se niSpanna hai| jIva ke prayoga se ve zarIra rUpa meM pariNata hotI haiN| isameM bhI jIva ke prayoga aura svabhAva donoM kA yoga hai| sthAnAMga sUtra evaM usakI vRtti meM- sthAnAMga sUtra ke dvitIya sthAna meM 'pudgala pada' ke antargata pudgala saMbaMdhI kriyAoM meM sva tathA para ko kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| yathA- 'dohiM ThANehiM poggalA sAhaNNaMti, taMjahA- saI vA poggalA sAhaNNaMti, pareNa vA poggalA saahnnnnNti| dohiM ThANehiM poggalA bhijjaMti, taMjahA- saI vA poggalA bhijjaMti pareNa vA poggalA bhijjti|237 arthAt do

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svabhAvavAda 193 kAraNoM se pudgala saMhata hote haiM- sva se aura para se| do kAraNoM se pudgala bheda hotA haisva se tathA para se| uparyukta 'saI' pada kA artha abhayadeva apanI vRtti meM 'svayaM veti svabhAvena vA' karate haiN| meghAdi ke samAna svayaM apane svabhAva se pudgala saMhata hote haiM aura puruSa ke prayatna Adi dUsare nimittoM se bhI pudgala saMhata hote haiN| isI prakAra svayaM apane svabhAva se pudgala bheda ko prApta hote haiM- bichur3ate haiM aura dUsare nimittoM se bhI pudgala bheda ko prApta hote haiN|238 ataH pudgala ke saMhata aura bheda hone meM svabhAva aura para nimitta yA puruSa prayatna kAraNa hue| sUtrakRtAMga TIkA ke mata meM- svabhAva ke sambandha meM kahA hai - 'sarve bhAvAH svabhAvena svasvabhAvavyavasthitA: 239 svabhAva hI sabhI padArthoM kA niyAmaka hotA hai| vaha svatantra hotA hai| udAharaNArtha zItalatA jala kA svabhAva hai| jala meM uSNatA agni ke saMyoga se paidA hotI hai, isalie jaise hI jala agni kI paratantratA se mukta hotA hai, punaH zItala ho jAtA hai| digambara paramparA meM svabhAva kI carcA pUjyapAdAcArya ne samAdhitantra meM 'tattattvaM paramAtmanaH 24deg se tattva kA artha 'svarUpa' va paramArtha kA artha 'yathArtha svarUpa' kiyA hai| svarUpa kA abhiprAya svabhAva se hai| para-apara dhyeya ko bhI dravyasvabhAva vAcaka mAnA hai, kyoMki dhyAna paramAtmA kA bhI kiyA jAtA hai aura svayaM apane meM bhI tanmaya huA jAtA hai, ina donoM meM dhyeya 'para' aura 'sva' kA svarUpa hI hai| dravya svabhAva to zuddha hotA hI hai isalie ise zuddha zabda se bhI kahA hai| isa taraha ukta sabhI zabda dravya svabhAva ke vAcaka haiN| samantabhadrAcArya ne svayaMbhUstotra meM ullekha kiyA hai ki asat padArtha kabhI utpanna nahIM hotA hai aura sat padArtha kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA hai| dIpaka ke jalane para prakAza aura bujhane para aMdhakAra pudgala dravya kI hI bhinna paryAyeM haiM, jo pratIti meM AtI hai|241 rAjavArtikakAra ne 'svenAtmanA asAdhAraNena dharmeNa bhavanaM svabhAva ityucyate 242 paMkti dvArA asAdhAraNa dharma ko svabhAva batalAyA hai| kasAyapAhuDa 43 meM 'ko sahAvo' prazna ke uttara meM antaraMga kAraNa ko svabhAva kahA gayA hai| kundakundAcArya ne utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyatA ko svabhAva mAnate hue kahA hai'davvassa jo hi pariNAmo atthesu so sahAvo tthidisNbhvnnaassNbddho| 2 sabhI padArtha dravya-guNa paryAya meM rahane vAle aura utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyamaya astitva ke bane hue haiN|05 inakA yaha svarUpa abAdhita aura nitya hai| cUMki svabhAva trikAlAbAdhita

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194 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa aura nitya rahane vAlA hai, isalie pUrvokta vastu ke svarUpa ko svabhAva mAnA jAtA hai|246 'isa svabhAva se atirikta dravya nahIM ho sakatA' ina zabdoM se kundakundAcArya 247 pravacanasAra meM svabhAva ke svarUpa ko sthApita karate haiN| jinendra bhagavAna ne yathArthataH dravya ko svabhAva se siddha aura sat kahA hai| 248 amRtacandrAcArya ne pravacanasAra kI tattvapradIpikA TIkA meM 'pariNAma svabhAvameva 949 se svabhAva ko paribhASita kiyA hai| unhoMne svabhAva kI kAraNatA kA eka vizeSa svarUpa sthApita karate hue kahA hai- 'na khalu dravyairdavyAntarANAmArambhaH sarvadravyANAM svabhAvasiddhatvAt 150 dravyoM se dravyAntaroM kI utpatti nahIM hotI kyoMki sarvadravya svabhAvasiddha haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki svabhAva hI dravyotpatti meM kAraNa hai tathA anya dravya kAraNoM kI usameM apekSA nahIM hotii| kyoMki SaDdravya anAdinidhana haiM aura anAdinidhana sAdhanAntara kI apekSA nahIM rkhtaa| 251 'jagat ke prANiyoM ko duHkha svAbhAvika hai' aisA mantavya AcArya IzvarakRSNa ne sAMkhyakArikA meM abhivyakta kiyA hai| inhIM bhAvoM kA pratibimba pravacanasAra kA nimna zloka hai 'jesiM visaesu radI tesiM dukkhaM viyANa sabbhAvaM / 252 jaI taM Na hi saMbhAvaM vAvAro Natthi visayatthaM // / jinheM viSayoM meM rati hai, unheM duHkha svAbhAvika jAnanA cAhie kyoMki yadi vaha duHkha svabhAva se na hotA to viSayArtha meM vyApAra nahIM hotaa| jinakI indriyA~ jIvita haiM, unheM upAdhi ke kAraNa duHkha nahIM hai, kintu svAbhAvika hI hai, kyoMki unakI viSayoM meM rati hotI hai| jaise - hAthI hathinI rUpI kuTTanI ke zarIra sparza kI ora, machalI baMsI meM pha~se hue mAMsa ke svAda kI ora, bhramara banda ho jAne vAle kamala - gaMdha kI ora, pataMgA dIpaka kI jyoti ke rUpa kI ora aura hiraNa zikArI ke saMgIta ke svara kI ora daur3ate hue dikhAI dete haiN| ina sabhI kAryoM meM indriyoM ke viSayoM ke prati svAbhAvika ruci hI kAraNa hai| yadi inakA duHkha svAbhAvika na hotA to jisakA zItajvara upazAMta ho gayA hai, vaha pasInA Ane ke lie upacAra karatA, jisakA dAha jvara utara gayA hai vaha kA~jI se zarIra ke tApa ko utAratA tathA jisakI A~khoM kA duHkha dUra ho gayA hai vaha vaTAcUrNa AMjatA, jisakA karNazUla naSTa ho gayA ho vaha kAna meM phira bakare kA mUtra DAlatA dikhAI detA aura jisakA ghAva bhara jAtA vaha phira lepa karatA dikhAI detA / ataH jinakI indriyA~ jIvita haiM aise parokSajJAniyoM ke duHkha svAbhAvika hI hai| 253

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svabhAvavAda 195 duHkha ke prati svAbhAvika aindriyaka pravRtti kAraNa hai, to sukha ke prati AtmA kA azuddha svabhAva kAraNa hai| ataH pravacanasAra meM kahA hai- 'pappA iTThe visaye phAsehiM samasside sahAveNa, pariNamamANo appA sayameva / 254 indriya sukha kA kAraNa AtmA kA azuddha svabhAva hai, kyoMki azuddha svabhAva meM pariNamita AtmA hI svayameva indriya sukha rUpa hotA hai / usameM zarIra kAraNa nahIM hai, kyoMki sukharUpa pariNati aura zarIra sarvathA bhinna hone ke kAraNa sukha aura zarIra meM nizcaya se kiMcitmAtra bhI kAryakAraNatA nahIM hai| mAilladhavala (12vIM zatI) ne svabhAva ke paryAya zabdoM ko zloka meM Abaddha kiyA hai - 'taccaM taha paramaTTaM davvasahAvaM taheva paramaparaM / 255 dheyaM suddhaM paramaM eATThA huMti abhihANA / / arthAt tattva, paramArtha, dravya svabhAva, para- apara dhyeya, zuddha, parama ye zabda ekArthavAcI haiM / granthakAra ne anyatra svabhAva prasaMga meM prayukta ina zabdoM ko dravya svabhAva kA vAcaka kahA hai| . svabhAva-vibhAva paryAya ke AdhAra para svabhAva kA svarUpa svabhAva aura vibhAva ke bheda se paryAyeM do prakAra kI hotI haiN| dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla dravya kI kevala svabhAva paryAyeM hotI haiN| jIva aura pudgala kI donoM prakAra kI paryAyeM hotI haiN| vibhAva se tAtparya aise bAhya nimittoM se hai, jinameM vikalpa dvArA parakartRtva, prayojakatA yA prerakatA svIkAra kI jAtI hai| dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla dravyoM kI jitanI bhI paryAyeM anAdi kAla se hotI A rahI haiM, ho rahI haiM aura hoMgI, ina saba para vikalpa dvArA parakartRtva kA vyavahAra lAgU nahIM hotA tathA unake aise bAhya nimitta nahIM hai jinase vikalpa dvArA prayojakatA svIkAra kI jaave| ataH ina cAroM dravyoM kI saba paryAyoM ko svabhAva paryAya rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| mukta jIvoM kI nizcaya samyagdarzana Adi rUpa paryAyeM tathA pudgala dravya ke pratyeka paramANu kI paramANu rUpa meM jo paryAyeM haiM, una sabhI para parakRta kA vyavahAra lAgU nahIM hotA, isalie ve bhI svabhAva paryAyeM haiM, aisA Agama meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta jIvoM ora pudgaloM kI jitanI bhI paryAyeM haiM, ve sabhI vibhAva paryAyeM hai / 256

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196 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa paryAyoM kA utpAda-vyaya hI nahIM guNoM kA utpAda-vyaya bhI svabhAva se hotA hai| yathA-'svanimittastAvAdanantAnAmagurulaghuguNAnAmAgamaprAmA vyAdabhyupagamyamAnAnAM SaTsthAnapatitayA vRddhyA hAnyA ca pravartamAnAnAM svabhAvAdeva teSAmutpAdo vyayazca 257 arthAt Agama pramANa dvArA svIkRta tathA SaTsthAnapatita vRddhi aura hAni ke dvArA pravartamAna ananta agurulaghu guNoM kA svabhAva se utpAda aura vyaya hotA hai| isake atirikta svabhAva ko dharma ke rUpa meM bhI prastuta kiyA gayA haivatthusahAvo dhmmo|258 Adhunika jaina cintakoM ne bhI padArtha ke svabhAva para vicAra kiyA hai| kSullaka zrI jinendravarNI ne vastu meM svAbhAvika rUpa se hone vAle parivartana ko rUpa parivartana evaM sthAna parivartana ke AdhAra para spaSTa kiyA hai| unakA kathana hai"svatantra rUpa se pravRtti karane ke sAtha vastu kA jo rUpa parivartana aura sthAna parivartana hotA hai, vaha svabhAva hai|"259 vastu kA parivartanazIla svabhAva rUpa evaM sthAna ke mAdhyama se prakaTa hotA hai| ata: svataMtra rUpa se pravRtti karane ke sAtha vastu kA jo rUpa parivartana aura sthAna parivartana hotA hai, vaha svabhAva hai| yathA - jala kA agni saMyoga se garama hokara punaH zItala honA, (vASpa) gaisa- barpha (jala) ke mAdhyama se rUpa parivartana, barpha kI avasthA meM jala kA himAlaya para rahanA, pighalakara maidAnoM meM tathA samudra meM jAnA, vASpa banakara AkAza meM jAnA Adi kriyAoM se himAlaya, maidAna, samudra, AkAza rUpa meM sthAna parivartana, pAnI kA Upara se nIce kI ora bahanA, nIce se Upara kI ora na bahanA Adi svataMtra vRtti| jala kI ye vibhinna avasthAe~ svabhAva rUpa haiN| yaha svabhAva hI anya padArthoM se jala ko vyAvRtta karatA hai| jahA~ agni ke saMyoga se jala garama ho jAtA hai vahIM abhraka para usa saMyoga kA koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| agni saMyoga hone para jalanA(garama honA) jala kA parivartanazIla svabhAva hai jabaki agni saMyoga hone para bhI abhraka kA nahIM jalanA aparivartanazIla svabhAva hai| svabhAva kI ye vibhinna saMsAra-vicitratA kA rahasya hai| rUpa parivartana va sthAna parivartana vastu kA svabhAva hai, isalie jala kA garama-ThaNDA honA, bhApa-barpha bananA, parvatoM se mahAsAgaroM meM jAnA Adi sabhI jala ke svabhAva haiN| jala kA zItala svabhAva to loka prasiddha hai kintu ukta anya svabhAva vastu kI parivartanazIlatA se svataH pramANita hai| pratyeka padArtha meM apane svabhAvAnusAra parivartana calatA rahatA hai| yaha parivartana ahetuka hai| aisA parivartana vastu meM nitya dikhAI detA hai| padArtha meM eka kSaNa bhI parivartana rukA huA nahIM dikhAI detA hai| yadi vastu meM svayaM aisA parivartana karane

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svabhAvavAda 197 kA svabhAva na huA hotA to loka kI koI bhI zakti use parivartana karAne meM samartha na huI hotii| jalane yogya padArtha ko hI jalAyA jA sakatA hai, abhraka ko nahIM, maraNadharmA jIva kI hI mRtyu ho sakatI hai, acetana kI nhiiN| 1-daur3a, vastugata vizva meM dIkhane vAlI kriyAe~, vibhinnatAe~, bhAgaparivartanazIla svabhAva se hI saMbhava hai, anyathA loka meM koI bhI kArya dekhane meM nahIM AtA aura loka kUTastha ho jaataa| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki jagat meM parivartana yA kArya vastugata pariNamana (svabhAva) ke kAraNa hote haiN| svabhAva ke bheda mukhya rUpa se dravya aura paryAya ke AdhAra para svabhAva ke vibhinna bhedoM kI carcA yahA~ kI gaI hai| isameM dravyoM ke sAmAnya aura vizeSa svabhAva ko lekara bhI viSaya pratipAdita huA hai| dravya ke AdhAra para SaDdravyoM ke AdhAra para svabhAva ko sAmAnya tathA vizeSa rUpa meM do prakAra kA kahA jA sakatA hai| jo svabhAva sabhI dravyoM kA hai, vaha sAmAnya svabhAva hai aura jo pratyeka dravya kA svabhAva hai vaha vizeSa svabhAva hai| dravyoM ke sAmAnya svabhAva 11 prakAra ke aura vizeSa 10 prakAra ke kahe gaye haiN| (i) sAmAnya svabhAva - sabhI dravyoM meM sthita sAmAnya svabhAva ke ekAdaza bheda nayacakra ke nimna zloka meM prastuta hai - 'asthi tti Natthi NiccaM aNiccamegaM aoga bhedidaraM / bhavvAbhavaM paramaM sAmaNNaM savvadavvANaM / / 260 asti - nAsti, nitya- anitya, eka-aneka, bheda - abheda, bhavya - abhavya, aura paramabhAva ye gyAraha sAmAnya svabhAva haiM, jo saba dravyoM meM pAe jAte haiM / * asti svabhAva - 'svabhAvalAbhAt acyutatvAt astisvabhAvaH arthAt jisa dravya kA jo apanA svataH siddha svabhAva prApta hai, usase kadApi cyuta na honA sadA sat svarUpa rahanA, isI kA nAma astitva svabhAva hai| saba dravya apane svadravya-svakSetra- svakAla-svabhAva catuSTaya se sadA sarvakAla asti svabhAva arthAt asti rUpa hai| 261

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198 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa nAsti svabhAva - 'parasvarUpeNa abhAvAt nAsti svabhAva: 262 pratyeka dravya paradravya-parakSetra-parakAla-parabhAva rUpa se sadA sarvakAla nAsti svarUpa hai| arthAt dravya paracatuSTayarUpa kadApi nahIM hotaa| vastu meM paradravyAdi catuSTaya kA sadA sarvakAla abhAva hai, nAsti rUpa hai| nitya svabhAva- 'nija nija nAnA paryAyeSu tadeva idaM iti davyasya nityasvabhAvaH 263 apanI-apanI ananta paryAyoM meM sadA sarvakAla acalarUpa rahanA dhruva svabhAva yA nitya svabhAva hai / dravyArthika naya kI apekSA dravya nitya hai| anitya svabhAva - 'tasyApi aneka paryAyapariNamitattvAt anityaH svabhAva: 264 usI dravya kA apanI ananta paryAyoM meM niyatakramabaddha rUpa se pratisamaya pariNamana hone ke kAraNa dravya anitya svabhAva hai| eka svabhAva - 'svabhAvAnAM ekAdhAratvAt ekasvabhAvaH 265 dravya ke aneka svabhAva dharmoM kA AdhArabhUta eka dravya hone ke kAraNa dravya eka svabhAva hai| dravyArthika naya se dravya eka hai| aneka svabhAva - 'ekasya anekasvabhAvopalaMbhAt aneka svabhAvaH 266 eka hI dravya kA anvaya sambandha rakhane vAle aneka guNa-paryAya svabhAva hone ke kAraNa dravya aneka svabhAva hai| bheda svabhAva-guNa-guNI Adi saMjJAdibhedAt bhedasvabhAvaH 267 arthAt guNa-guNI meM saMjJA-lakSaNa-prayojana Adi bheda apekSA se dravya bheda svabhAva hai| abheda svabhAva - 'guNa-guNI Adi abhedasvabhAvatvAt abhedasvabhAva: 268 guNoM ke samudAya kA nAma hI dravya hai| guNa aura guNI inameM yadyapi saMjJAbheda hai, tathApi vastubheda nahIM hai| isalie vastu akhaMDa eka abheda svabhAva hai| bhavya svabhAva- 'bhAvikAle svasvabhAvabhavanAt bhavyasvabhAvaH 269 pratyeka dravya bhAvikAla meM hone yogya hone se bhavya hai| bhavituM yogyaM bhayatvaM tenaviziSTatvAt bhavyaH, bhAvikAla meM hone yogya hai| isalie bhavya hai|

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* svabhAvavAda 199 abhavya svabhAva 'kAlatraye'pi parasvarUpAkArA'bhavanAt abhavyasvabhAvaH R70 tInoM kAloM meM kadApi para dravyasvarUpAkAra na hone ke kAraNa abhavya svabhAva hai| (ii) vizeSa svabhAva nayacakra ke nimna zloka meM sabhI vizeSa svabhAvoM ko ginAyA gayA hai * 271 parama svabhAva 'pAriNAmikasvabhAvatvena paramasvabhAvaH pratyeka dravya apane-apane svataH siddha pAriNAmika svabhAva meM rahate haiM, isalie parama svabhAva hai| * cetana, acetana, mUrta, amUrta, ekapradezI, bahupradezI, zuddha, azuddha, vibhAva aura upacarita ye dasa vizeSa svabhAva haiM, kyoMki ye sabhI dravyoM meM nahIM pAye jAte, kisI kisI meM hI pAe jAte haiN| 'cedaNamacedaNaM pi hu muttamamuttaM ca egabahudesaM / 272 suddhAsuddhavibhAvaM uvayariyaM hoi kasseva / / - . 273 cetana svabhAva 'aNuhavabhAvo ceyaNam' anubhavana rUpa bhAva ko cetana kahate haiN| jo jAnatA dekhatA hai, vaha sacetana hai / ataH jAnane, dekhane yA anubhavana karane rUpa bhAva ko cetana svabhAva kahate haiN| - * acetana svabhAva ' aceyaNaM hoI tassa vivarIyaM 74 cetana se viparIta bhAva ko acetana kahate haiN| jisameM jAnane, dekhane yA anubhava karane kI zakti nahIM hotI vaha acetana hai / isa prakAra cetana ke viparIta bhAva ko acetana svabhAva kahate haiN| mUrta svabhAva - ' ruvAipiMDamuktaM 5 rUpa, rasa Adi guNoM ke piNDa ko mUrta kahate haiN| jisameM rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza guNa pAe jAte haiM, vaha mUrtika hai aura ina bhAvoM se yukta mUrta svabhAva hai| amUrta svabhAva 'vivarI tANa vivarIyaM 76 ( amutta) mUrta se viparIta ko amUrta kahate haiN| jisameM rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza guNa nahIM pAe jAte haiM, vaha amUrtika hai| eka pradeza svabhAva 'khettaM parasaNANaM ekkaM' Rs277 kSetra ko pradeza kahate haiN| dravya kA ekapradezitva bhAva ekapradeza svabhAva hai| pudgala kA -

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. 200 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa eka paramANu jitane kSetra ko rokatA hai, vaha pradeza hai| isa mApa ke anusAra jisa dravya kI eka pradeza jaisI avagAhanA hotI hai to vaha eka pradezitva svabhAva vAlA hotA hai| aneka pradeza svabhAva - 'aNekkaM ca davvado geyaM 28 dravya kA aneka pradezitva bhAva bahupradezitva svabhAva hai| jisa dravya kI avagAhanA bahupradezI ho, vaha aneka pradeza svabhAva vAlA hotA hai| vibhAva svabhAva - 'jahajAdo rUvaMtaragahaNaM jo so hu vibhAvo 279 yathAjAta svAbhAvika rUpa se rUpAntara hone ko vibhAva kahate haiN| eka dravya kA dUsare dravya ke saMyoga se anya bhAva rUpa pariNamana karane kA nAma vibhAva hai| isa prakAra ke svabhAva ko vibhAva svabhAva kahate haiN| zuddha svabhAva - 'kammakkhayado suddho80 kamoM ke kSaya se prakaTa hue svabhAva ko zuddha svabhAva kahate haiN| azuddha svabhAva - 'misso puNa hoi iyarajo bhAvo 81 karmoM ke saMyoga se utpanna hue bhAva ko azuddha svabhAva kahate haiM / * upacarita svabhAva - 'jaM viyadavvasahAvaM uvayAraM taM pi vavahAraM 282 vyavahAra naya se jo dravya kA svabhAva hotA hai, use upacarita svabhAva kahA jAtA hai| isake antargata eka dravya ke svabhAva kA anya dravya meM upacAra hotA hai| svabhAva-vibhAva paryAya ke AdhAra para jaina darzana meM mAnya svabhAva kA svarUpa prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| paryAya ke AdhAra para svabhAva ke bheda dravya tathA guNoM ke pariNamana ko paryAya kahate haiN|283 jaise - jIva ke jJAna guNa kA pariNamana ghaTajJAna, paTajJAna Adi rUpa se hotA hai yA mandra-tIvra hotA hai| yaha paryAya artha tathA vyaMjana ke bheda se do prakAra kI hai| svabhAva aura vibhAva rUpa se artha tathA vyaMjana paryAya ke do bheda kie gae haiN|84 arthaparyAya to chaha dravyoM meM hotI hai| vaha sUkSma aura kSaNa-kSaNa meM utpanna hotI aura naSTa hotI hai tathA vyaMjana paryAya sthUla hotI hai, vacana ke dvArA usakA kathana kiyA jA sakatA hai, vaha nazvara hote hue bhI sthira hotI hai| jo paryAya para-nirapekSa hotI haiM, ve svabhAva paryAya haiN| svabhAva kA prasaMga hone se yahA~ svabhAva artha- paryAya aura svabhAva vyaMjana-paryAya kA varNana kiyA jA rahA hai|

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svabhAvavAda 201 (i) artha paryAya- pratyeka dravya meM eka agurulaghunAmaka guNa hai, usI guNa ke kAraNa pratyeka dravya meM SaDhAni-vRddhiyA~ sadaiva hotI rahatI haiN| ina chaH dravyoM meM apane-apane svabhAva ke anurUpa ghaTita hone vAlI ye svAbhAvika artha paryAya haiM, ye atyanta sUkSma hotI haiN| vANI aura mana ke aviSayabhUta hotI haiM, Agama pramANa se hI inheM svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| (ii) vyaMjana paryAya - jisa zarIra se mukti prApta hotI hai usa antima zarIra se kucha kama siddha jIva kA AkAra hotA hai, vaha svabhAva dravyavyaMjana paryAya hai| jIva ke anantacatuSTaya- anantadarzana, anantajJAna, anantasukha, anantavIrya svabhAvaguNa vyaMjana paryAya hai| pudgala kI eka zuddha paramANu rUpa avasthA svabhAvadravyavyaMjana paryAya hai| usa zuddha paramANu meM eka varNa, eka rasa, eka gandha aura paraspara meM aviruddha do sparza yathA snigdha rukSa meM se eka aura zIta-uSNa meM se eka ye pudgala kI svabhAvaguNa vyaMjana paryAya hai| vastu-deza-jAti-kAlagata svabhAva zrI dharaNendrasAgara jI ne haribhadra viracita yogazAstra para vyAkhyA karate hue svabhAva ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai - 1. vastu svabhAva 2. deza svabhAva 3. jAti svabhAva aura 4. kAla svbhaav|285 vastu svabhAva- vastu kI svataMtra pravRtti, usakA svabhAva hai| svabhAva ke viruddha vastu kA nirmANa karanA azakya hai| jaise- pyAja ko saikar3oM varSa taka kheta meM ropA jAya to bhI pyAja se jAmaphala utpanna karanA zakya nahIM hai, kyoMki svabhAva aparivartanIya hai| machalI varSoM taka pAnI meM rahatI hai kintu manuSya utane samaya taka pAnI meM nahIM raha sakatA kyoMki usakA aisA svabhAva nahIM hai| deza svabhAva- bhinna-bhinna deza ke jalavAyu Adi kA jo prabhAva zarIra para hotA hai, vaha deza svabhAva hai| jaisa - yUropa nivAsiyoM kI camar3I gorI hotI hai| aphrIkA nivAsI habaziyoM kI camar3I kAlI hotI hai| bhAratIyoM kI camar3I gehU~ raMga kI hotI hai| kezara sirpha kazmIra meM paidA hotI hai aura Ama bhI bhAratIya miTTI meM hI paidA hote haiM, anyatra nhiiN| yaha saba deza kA prabhAva hai|

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202 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa jAti svabhAva - pAdapa, pazu, pakSI kI vibhinna jAtiyoM meM jAtigata vizeSatAe~ hotI haiM, ve jAti svabhAva kahalAtI haiN| kA~ToM meM tIkSNatA, phUloM meM komalatA, mora ke paMkhoM meM sundaratA, kokila ke gAna meM madhuratA, bayA kI ghoMsalA banAne meM dakSatA Adi vizva kI vicitratA jAtigata svabhAva ke kAraNa hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki totoM ko par3hAnA saMbhava hai, gadhoM ko nhiiN| kAla svabhAva - kAla bheda ke kAraNa svabhAva meM bhI bheda saMbhava ho jAtA hai| sUryodaya ke samaya kamala kA khilanA aura sUryAsta ke samaya banda honA, kAlagata svabhAva hai| pahale Are ke samaya pRthvI jaisI sundara thI vaisI sundara dUsare Are meM nahIM rhtii| mAnava kI lambAI bhI kAla ke prabhAva se kama hotI hai| tIsare aura cauthai Are meM janmA vyakti mokSa jA sakatA hai, kintu pA~caveM Are meM janmA vyakti mokSa nahIM jA sktaa| yaha saba kAlagata svabhAva ke niyamana se hI hotA hai| isa prakAra digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM jaina paramparAoM meM svabhAva kA nirUpaNa huA hai| SaDdravyoM kA apanA svabhAva hai yaha saba aMgIkAra karate haiM, vaha sabhI padArthoM aura kAryoM kA niyAmaka bhI hai| dravya aura paryAya ke AdhAra para ve sAmAnya aura vizeSa svabhAvoM kA nirUpaNa bhI karate haiN| paryAya ko svabhAva aura vibhAva paryAya ke rUpa meM vibhakta karate haiM tathA vastu, deza, jAti evaM kAlagata svabhAva kA pratipAdana karate haiN| niSkarSa - kAraNa- kArya siddhAnta kI vyAkhyA meM svabhAvavAda kA bhI apanA sthAna rhaa| svabhAvavAda eka prAcIna siddhAnta hai| jisake anusAra samasta kAryoM kA kAraNa svabhAva hai| svabhAvavAdI kahate haiM ki saMsAra meM svabhAva ke atirikta koI bhI kAraNa nahIM hai, jisase kArya niSpanna hotA ho| kA~ToM kI tIkSNatA, mRgoM aura pakSiyoM kA vicitra varNa Adi kArya svabhAvajanya hai| sabhI kArya svabhAva se janya hote haiN| svabhAvavAda bhI kAlavAda kI bhA~ti prAcIna hai| veda meM svabhAvavAda kA spaSTa ullekha prApta nahIM hotA kintu nAsadIya sUkta ke antargata sRSTi viSayaka jina vibhinna matoM kA ullekha huA hai, unake AdhAra para paM. madhusUdana ojhA ne daza vAdoM kA utthApana kiyA hai| inameM eka aparavAda hai| apara kA artha paM. ojhA ne a-para arthAt sva karate hue aparavAda ko svabhAvavAda ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA hai| unhoMne

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svabhAvavAda 203 svabhAvavAda ke cAra rUpa prastuta kiye haiM- 1. pariNAmavAda 2. yadRcchAvAda 3. niyativAda 4. paurussii-prkRtivaad| paMDita ojhA ke isa vargIkaraNa meM svabhAvavAda ko pariNAmavAda kahanA to yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai kintu ise yadRcchAvAda, niyativAda evaM pauruSI prakRtivAda mAnanA yuktisaMgata pratIta nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki bhAratIya darzana meM yadRcchAvAda, niyativAda evaM prakRtivAda pRthak mAnyatAoM ke rUpa meM prasiddha rahe haiN| zvetAzvataropaniSad meM jagadutpatti ke saMbaMdha meM vibhinna kAraNoM kI carcA ke prasaMga se svabhAva ko bhI kAraNa ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| AcArya zaMkara ne apane bhASya meM svabhAva ko padArtha kI pratiniyata zakti ke rUpa meM paribhASita kiyA hai| harivaMza purANa meM jagat ko svabhAvakRta pratipAdita karate hue kahA hai svabhAvAjjAyate sarva svabhAvAcca te tthaa'bhvt|| ahaMkAraH svabhAvAcca tathA sarvamidaM jgt||286 bhagavat gItA meM mAnava svabhAva ke AdhAra para varNa bheda kA pratipAdana bhI svabhAva kI kAraNatA ko spaSTa karatA hai| vahA~ sabhI kAryoM meM svabhAva kI pravRtti svIkAra kI gaI hai na kartRtva na karmANi lokasyasRjati prbhuH| na karmaphalasaMyogaM svabhAvastu prvrtte||287 mahAbhArata meM paMca bhUtoM kA eka aura aneka honA svabhAva se aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai| svabhAvaM bhUtacintakA:" kahakara mahAbhArata meM bhUta cintakoM ko svabhAvavAdI ke rUpa meM prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| svabhAvavAda kA mahAbhArata meM poSaNa bhI hai aura nirasana bhii| 'svabhAvAdeva tatsarva iti meM nizcitA mati: 289 sadRza paMktiyA~ svabhAvavAda ko puSTa karatI haiN| vahA~ nimnAMkita zloka svabhAvavAda kA nirasana karatA hai ye cainaM pakSamAzritya nivrtntylpmedhsH| svabhAvaM kAraNaM jJAtvA na zreyaH prApnuvanti te||290 svabhAvavAda kA vikAsa saMskRta sAhitya kI buddhacarita, bRhatsaMhitA, paMcatantra, hitopadeza Adi kRtiyoM meM bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai|

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204 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa buddhacarita meM svabhAvavAda kA spaSTa ullekha karate hue kahA gayA hai 'kecitsvabhAvAditi varNayanti zubhAzubhaM caiva bhavAbhAvau ca / 91 isI buddhacarita meM azvaghoSa ne svabhAvavAda se sambaddha eka zloka likhA hai jo svabhAvavAda kA varNana karate samaya lagabhaga sabhI dArzanika kRtiyoM meM uddhata huA hai, vaha zloka hai "" kaH kaNTakasya prakaroti taikSNyaM vicitrabhAvaM mRgapakSiNAM vA / svabhAvataH sarvamidaM pravRttaM na kAmacAro'sti kutaH prayatnaH / / 292 svabhAvavAda ke bIja veda, upaniSad, purANa Adi meM bhale hI upalabdha rahe hoM aura svabhAvavAda kA spaSTa rUpa bhI purANa meM milatA ho tathApi buddhacarita kA uparyukta zloka hI sabhI dArzanika kRtiyoM meM svabhAvavAda ke nirUpaNa ke samaya uddhRta hone se apanI mahattA evaM prAcInatA prakaTa karatA hai| pA~cavIM zatI I. meM bRhatsaMhitA meM svabhAva ko kAraNa mAnane kA ullekha varAhamihira ne spaSTa rUpa se kiyA hai kAlaM kAraNameke svabhAvamapare jaguH karmma / / 293 sAMkhyakArikA meM duHkha ko svabhAvajanya pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai- tasmAd duHkhaM svabhAvena / 294 mATharavRtti meM svabhAva kI kAraNatA kA spaSTa ullekha huA haikena zuklIkRtA haMsAH zukAzca haritIkRtAH / svabhAvavyatirekeNa vidyate nAtra kAraNam / / 195 akSapAda gautama ke nyAya sUtra meM bhI svabhAvavAda kA ullekha huA haianimittato bhAvotpattiH kaNTakataikSNyAdidarzanAt / 296 vAkyapadIya meM bhartRhari ne svabhAva kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai svaravRttiM vikurute madhau puMskokilasya kaH / 297 jantvAdayaH kulAyAdikaraNe kena zikSitAH / / bauddha dArzanika zAntarakSita ( 705 I.) ne tattvasaMgraha meM svabhAvavAda kA vidhivat upasthApana evaM pratyavasthAna kiyA hai| unhoMne svabhAvavAda kI prastuti meM eka nayA zloka diyA hai rAjIvakesarAdInAM vaicitryaM kaH karoti hi / mayUracandra kAdirvA vicitraH kena nirmitaH / / , 298 udayanAcArya ne nyAyakusumAMjali meM AkasmikavAda ke antargata svabhAvavAda pUrvapakSa ko prastuta kara usakA uttara pakSa bhI diyA hai tathA use niyatapUrvavRttitva rUpa meM aMgIkAra kiyA hai|

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svabhAvavAda 205 cArvAka darzana meM jagat kI vicitratA ko svabhAva se hI utpanna mAnA jAtA hai| jainAgama sUtrakRtAMga kI TIkA meM tajjIva-taccharIravAdI ke mata meM svabhAvavAda kI carcA kI gaI hai, jo saMbhavata: cArvAka darzana kI ora saMketa karatI hai| jaina darzana ke praznavyAkaraNa sUtra evaM usakI TIkAoM, sthAnAMga sUtra, nandIsUtra kI avacUri, haribhadrasUri ke lokatattva nirNaya evaM zAstravArtA samuccaya, AcArAMga evaM sUtrakRtAMga kI zIlAMkAcArya viracita TIkAoM Adi meM svabhAvavAda kA vizada nirUpaNa huA hai| katipaya jaina dArzanikoM ne svabhAvavAda kA nirUpaNa karane ke sAtha yuktiyukta nirasana bhI kiyA hai| mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa viracita dvAdazAranayacakra, jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa viracita vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, haribhadraviracita dharmasaMgrahaNi evaM zAstravArtA samuccaya, abhayadevasUri racita tattvabodhavidhAyinI TIkA Adi isake nidarzana haiN| jainAcAryoM ne prAmANikatA ke sAtha svabhAvavAda ke pUrvapakSa ko upasthApita kiyA hai tathA svabhAvavAda kI vibhinna vizeSatAoM ko apane granthoM meM samAyojita kiyA hai| jaina granthoM meM carcita svabhAvavAda se saMbaMddha katipaya bindu isa prakAra haiM praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM 'sahAveNa' zabda kA prayoga huA hai, jo svabhAvavAda kI ora saMketa karatA hai| abhayadevasUri ne isa zabda kI praznavyAkaraNa kI TIkA meM vistAra se vivecanA karate hue svabhAvavAda kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| svabhAvavAda ke anusAra samasta prANiyoM kA vyavahAra pUrvakRta koM se nahIM apitu svabhAva se saMcAlita hotA hai| ve prANI apane svabhAva se hI zubha yA azubha kArya karate haiN| jagat kI vicitratA bhI svabhAva janita hI hai| abhayadevasUri ne svabhAvavAda ke saMbaMdha meM nimnAMkita zloka uddhRta kiyA hai kaNTakasya pratikSaNatva, mayUrasya vicitrtaa| varNAzca tAmracUDAnAM, svabhAvena bhavanti hi||299 2. nandIsUtra kI avacUri meM svabhAvavAda ke saMbaMdha meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki jisake hone para honA tathA jisake nahIM hone para nahIM honA- yaha anvayavyatireka kA anuvidhAna bhI svabhAvakRta hai| karor3oM prayatna karane para bhI svabhAva ko svIkRta kiye binA pratiniyata vyavasthA nahIM hai|

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206 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 3. lokatattva nirNaya meM haribhadrasUri kA kathana hai ki jagat meM jo sat padArtha haiM, ve sabhI svabhAvajanya haiN| zAstravArtA samuccaya meM unhoMne spaSTa kiyA hai ki jIva ke garbha se lekara svargagamana taka ke sabhI kArya svabhAva se sampanna hote haiN| svabhAva ke niyamana se hI kArya kA kabhI honA tathA na honA rUpa kAdAcitkatva saMbhava hotA hai| ghaTAdi kAryoM ke kAdAcitkatva ke prati bhI svabhAva ke atirikta anya koI kAraNa nahIM hai| upAdAna meM nihita svabhAva ke kAraNa hI kArya nizcita AkAra-prakAra ko prApta karatA hai aura apaneapane svabhAva meM avasthita hotA hai| kahA bhI hai- 'sarve bhAvAH svabhAvena svasvabhAve tathA tathA 200 4. padArthoM kI utpatti ke sAtha unakA vinAza bhI unake svabhAva se hI niyata deza-kAla meM hotA hai| isa saMsAra meM mUMga, azva, mASa Adi kA pAka bhI svabhAva ke binA nahIM hotA kyoMki jisa vastu meM pakane kA svabhAva nahIM hai vaha kAla tathA anya kAraNoM ke hone para bhI paripakva nahIM hotii| svabhAvavAda para yadi yaha Apatti kI jAya ki anya sabhI sahakArI kAraNoM kA sannidhAna prApta hotA hai taba svabhAva se kArya kI siddhi hotI hai| haribhadrasUri ne svabhAvavAdiyoM kI ora se samAdhAna karate hue kahA hai ki pUrva-pUrva upAdAna pariNAmoM ko uttarottara hone vAle tat-tat upAdeya pariNAmoM ke prati kAraNa mAna lene se svabhAvavAda meM sahakAricakra kI kalpanA anAvazyaka ho jAtI hai| svabhAvavAda ke anusAra bIja kA jo carama kSaNAtmaka pariNAma hotA hai, usase aMkura kA prathama kSaNAtmaka pariNAma utpanna hotA hai| dvitIya, tRtIya kSaNa pariNAmoM kI utpatti carama kSaNAtmaka pariNAma se na hokara aMkura ke prathama kSaNa se dvitIya kI aura dvitIya kSaNa se tRtIya kSaNa kI utpatti hotI hai| utpAdaka bIja kSaNoM meM tathA utpAdya aMkura kSaNoM meM atyanta sAdRzya hotA hai jisase unakA vaisAdRzya tirohita rahatA hai| ataH sadRza aMkura kSaNAtmaka kArya se sadRza bIja kSaNAtmaka kArya kA anumAna hone meM koI bAdhA nahIM hotii| 7. AcArAMga sUtra kI zIlAMka TIkA meM kriyAvAdiyoM ke bheda karate hue svabhAvavAda ko usameM sthAna diyA hai| svabhAva ko paribhASita karate hue unhoMne kahA hai- 'vastunaH svata eva tathA pariNatibhAvaH svbhaavH| 201 arthAt vastu kA svata: tathA pariNata rUpa honA svabhAva hai| sabhI bhUta svabhAva se hI pravRtta aura nivRtta hote haiN| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kI TIkA meM zIlAMkAcArya

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svabhAvavAda 207 ne tajjIvataccharIravAdI ke mata meM svabhAva se hI jagat kI vicitratA ko utpanna batAyA hai| koI dhanavAna, kAI daridra, koI sundara, koI kurUpa, koI sukhI, koI rogI, koI nIroga svabhAva se hI hote haiN| svabhAva se hI koI zilAkhaNDa deva pratimA banatA hai to koI pairoM kI Takkara khAtA hai| 302 8. dvAdazAranayacakra meM svabhAvavAda kA prAcIna svarUpa abhivyakta huA hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai- 'yugapadayugapad ghaTarUpAdInAM vrIhyaMkurAdInAM ca tathA tathA bhavanAdeva tu svabhAvo'bhyupagataH / 'tulya bhUmi, jala Adi ke hone para bhI kaNTakAdi bhinna-bhinna svarUpa kI vastue~ pratyakSa hotI haiM, jisase svabhAva kI kAraNatA siddha hotI hai| dvAdazAranayacakra meM svabhAva ke atirikta dravyoM kI apekSA rakhane para svabhAvavAdiyoM ko Apatti nahIM hai kintu ve use bhI svabhAva ke antargata hI sammilita karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki bhUmi, ambu Adi dravyoM kI apekSA rakhakara kaNTakAdi kI utpatti hotI hai, yaha bhI svabhAva hI hai kyoMki bhUmi Adi nimittoM kI nimittatA bhI svAbhAvika hai| jisameM jo svabhAva hai usase vahI vastu prakaTa hotI hai| mRdAdi meM vidyamAna ghaTAdi kI apane nimittoM kI sahAyatA se svAbhAvika utpatti hotI hai, AkAza Adi meM nahIM hotI hai| dUdha se dahI, makkhana, ghRta Adi avasthAe~ bhI svabhAvajanya haiN| vandhyA ke putra nahIM hotA isameM bhI svabhAva kAraNa hai| 9. eka hI svabhAva va zakti bheda se kAraka bheda ko prApta hotA hai| vahI kartA, karma, kAraNa Adi svarUpoM ko prApta hotA hai| 10. jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa svabhAvavAda ko prastuta karate hue ise veda vAkya se saMbaddha karate haiM, yathA- " vijJAnaghana evaitebhyobhUtebhyaH' ityAdivedavacanazravaNAt svabhAvaM dehAdInAM kartAraM manyase 03 isase jJAta hotA hai ki svabhAva hI svabhAvavAdiyoM ke anusAra dehAdi kA kartA hai| svabhAvavAdiyoM ke anusAra bAhya padArtha kaNTakatIkSNatA Adi hI nahIM Atmika yA bhItara ke sukha - duHkhAdi kArya bhI kAdAcitka hone se nirhetuka hote haiN| jainAcArya mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa, jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa, haribhadrasUri, unake TIkAkAra yazovijaya, tattvabodhavidhAyinI ke TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri aura ajJAta kRtikAra ke dvArA svabhAvavAda kA prabala nirasana kiyA gayA hai, jinake katipaya tarkoM kA saMkSepa yahA~ prastuta hai

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208 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ne dvAdazAranayacakra meM svabhAvavAda kA nirasana karate hue prazna uThAyA hai ki yaha svabhAva vyApaka hai yA pratyeka vastu meM parisamApta hotA hai| yadi vyApaka hai to ekarUpa hone ke kAraNa pararUpa kA abhAva hone se sva yA para vizeSaNa nirarthaka hai| yadi vaha svabhAva pratyeka vastu meM parisamApta hotA hai to ghaTa ke ghaTatva svabhAva, paTa ke paTatva svabhAva Adi se bhinna svabhAva kI siddhi nahIM ho skegii| vastu mAtra meM svabhAva ko svIkAra karane para itaretara abhAva ke kAraNa svabhAva kI sthiti kahA~ banegI? vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne gyAraha gaNadharoM ke sAtha bhagavAna mahAvIra kA saMvAda upasthita kiyA hai, jise gaNadharavAda ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| prathama gaNadhara gautama svAmI ke prazna kA uttara dete hue bhagavAna kahate haiM ki svabhAva koI vastu vizeSa nahIM hai, niSkAraNatA yA akAraNatA ko bhI svabhAva nahIM kahA jA sktaa| vastu ke dharma ko svabhAva mAnA jAya to yaha bhI ucita nahIM hai kyoMki vastu kA dharma utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka hone se sadA ekarUpa nahIM rhtaa| use vastu kA dharma mAnane para prazna hotA hai ki vaha AtmA kA dharma hai yA anya pudgalAdi vastuoM kaa| yadi vaha AtmA kA dharma bana jAegA to vaha AkAzAdi ke samAna amUrta hone ke kAraNa zarIra kA hetu nahIM bana sktaa| yadi use pudgala kA dharma mAneM to prakArAntara se karma ko hI svIkAra karanA hogA jo hameM (jainoM ko) bhI mAnya hai| haribhadrasUri ne dharma-saMgrahaNi grantha meM jagat kI vicitratA evaM sukha-duHkha ke anubhava meM ekamAtra svabhAva ko hetu mAnane vAle svabhAvavAdiyoM kA nirasana karate hue svabhAva ke svarUpa para aneka vaikalpika prazna khar3e kiye haiM- svabhAva bhAva rUpa hai yA abhAva rUpa? yadi vaha bhAva rUpa hai to vaha aneka rUpa hai yA eka rUpa? yadi bhAva rUpa meM eka rUpa hai to vaha nitya hai yA anitya? yadi vaha nitya hai to bhAva kA hetu nahIM bana sakatA kyoMki hetu meM parivartana se hI kArya hotA hai| svabhAva eka rUpa hokara anitya hai to yaha bhI ucita nahIM kyoMki anitya kabhI eka rUpa nahIM hotaa| svabhAva ko aneka rUpa mAnA jAe to prazna upasthita hotA hai ki vaha mUrta hai yA amUrta? yadi vaha mUrta hai to vaha jaina darzana meM mAnya paugalika karma se bhinna siddha nahIM hotaa| yadi vaha amUrta hai to AkAza kI bhA~ti sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa nahIM ho sktaa|

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4. 6. 7. 8. svabhAvavAda 209 haribhadrasUri ne nirhetuka svabhAvavAda ke khaNDana meM kahA hai ki sukha-duHkha kI vicitratA yadi nirhetuka hai to vaha sadaiva hI honI cAhie yA sadaiva hI nahIM honI cAhie kyoMki nirhetuka vastu anya kI apekSA nahIM rakhatI hai| ataH sukha-duHkha sahetuka haiM aura hetu ke rUpa meM svakRta karma ko chor3akara kisI kAraNa kI saMbhAvanA nahIM bntii| haribhadrasUri ne svabhAva hetuvAda kA nirasana karate hue kahA hai ki svabhAva jaba krama se kArya utpanna karatA hai taba kAla kI bhI apekSA rakhatA hai| kAla kI apekSA rakhane ke kAraNa svabhAvavAda kA siddhAnta siddha nahIM ho pAtA- 'muktaH svabhAvavAdaH syAtkAlavAdaparigrahAt .304 zAstravArtA samuccaya ke TIkAkAra yazovijaya ne svabhAvavAdiyoM ke tarka hI kramika svabhAva se kramika kAryoM kI utpatti hone meM svabhAva kA bhaMga nahIM hotA, kA nirasana karate hue kahA hai ki pratyeka kArya ke prati bhinnabhinna svabhAva ko kAraNa mAnane se ghaTa Adi kI eka jAtIyatA nahIM bana paaegii| jabaki ghaTa-paTa Adi jaise eka jAti ke sahasroM kArya jagat meM dekhe jAte haiN| svabhAvavAdI yadi ghaTakUrvadarUpatvajAti mAnakara isakA samAdhAna karate haiM to yaha bhI ucita nahIM hai kyoMki kurvadarUpatva jAti prAmANika nahIM hai| yaha jAti prAmANika tabhI ho sakatI hai jaba eka hI kAraNa se kArya kI utpatti mAnI jaae| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki ghaTa kurvadarUpatva se ghaTa kI utpatti mAnane para anyatra bhI usI ghaTa kI utpatti kI Apatti hotI hai| isa Apatti ke parihArArtha yadi deza niyAmaka kI kalpanA kI jAya to svabhAva se bhinna hetu ke siddha ho jAne se svabhAvavAda kA bhaMga ho jAtA hai| eka mahattvapUrNa tarka yazovijaya dete haiM ki svabhAva hI yadi saba kAryoM kA janaka hogA to ghaTa ke prati daNDa Adi kAraNoM ke saMgraha meM vyakti pravRtta nahIM ho skegaa| yazovijaya ne nirhetuka svabhAvavAda kA bhI nirasana kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki nirhetuka svabhAvavAda to use hetu ke rUpa meM mAnane athavA na mAnane donoM hI sthitiyoM meM apane astitva ko kho detA hai| abhidhAna rAjendra koza meM ajJAta kRtikAra ne bhI svabhAvavAda kA nirasana kiyA hai| ye kRtikAra saMbhavataH haribhadrasUri viracita dharmasaMgrahaNi ke

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210 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 9. TIkAkAra haiM jo malayagiri sUri se bhinna jJAta hote haiN| unhoMne tarka diyA hai svabhAva kAryagata hetu hai yA kAraNagata ? yaha kAryagata nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki kArya ke niSpanna hone ke bAda hI usakI saMbhAvanA ho sakatI hai| jo kArya kA hetu nahIM ho sakatA / kAraNagata svabhAva ko kArya kA hetu mAnane para ajJAta TIkAkAra ne apanI sahamati prakaTa kI hai / svabhAva kAraNa se abhinna hai tathA sabhI padArtha sakAraNa hI hote haiN| i. 305 abhayadevasUri ne svabhAvavAda ke do rUpa prastuta kiye haiM- 1. svabhAva ko hI kArya kI utpatti meM hetu mAnane vAlA svbhaavhetuvaad| 2. binA kisI hetu ke kArya kI utpatti pratipAdita karane vAlA nirhetuka svabhAvavAda | 'svabhAvataH eva bhAvA jAyante / kathana meM svAtmani kriyAvirodha doSa AtA hai| dUsarA doSa yaha hai ki jo padArtha anutpanna hai unakA utpanna hone kA svabhAva nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / utpanna padArtha meM bhI utpanna hone ke svabhAva kI nivRtti mAnanI hogI jisase svabhAva kI nitya kAraNatA kA khaNDana ho jAtA hai| 10. abhayadevasUri ne 'sanmatitarka' para tattvabodhavidhAyinI TIkA ne nirhetuka svabhAvavAda kA upasthApana karate hue cAra hetu die haiM - 1. 'anupalabhya - mAnasattAkaM kAraNam- padArthoM ke kAraNa kI sattA upalabdha nahIM hotI isalie ve nirhetuka haiM / 2. pratyakSa se kA~ToM kI tIkSNatA Adi meM koI kAraNa jJAta nahIM hotA isalie bhI kArya nirhetuka haiM / 3. kAdAcitka hone se duHkhAdi AdhyAtmika kArya nirhetuka haiM / 4. kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta hI doSapUrNa hai, kyoMki usameM anvaya- vyatireka kI vyApti vyabhicAra yukta hai| udAharaNArtha sparza aura cakSurvijJAna ke madhya vyApti saMbaMdha hone ke bAvajUda bhI cakSurvijJAna ke prati kAraNa nahIM hotA hai| abhayadevasUri ne isa nirhetuka svabhAvavAda para yuktiyukta nirasana kiyA hai kaNTakAdi kI tIkSNatA nirhetuka nahIM hai kyoMki usameM bIja Adi kI kAraNatA siddha hai| ii. iii. kAdAcitka hetu nirhetuka svabhAvavAdiyoM ke viruddha hai kyoMki yaha hetu sAdhya nirhetuka se viparIta sahetuka ko siddha karatA hai| kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta doSapUrNa nahIM hai|

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svabhAvavAda 211 iv. bIja Adi kA~ToM kI tIkSNatA ke prati kAraNa nahIM hai apitu deza kAla Adi bhI kAraNa hai| v. svabhAvavAda kI siddhi meM kAraka hetu kI bajAya jJApaka hetu mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| jJApaka hetu bhI svapakSa kI siddhi kA utpAdaka hone se kAraka hetu ke samAna hotA hai| kAraka hetu sAdhya kA utpAdaka hotA hai to isase svabhAvavAda kI pratijJA bAdhita hotI hai| vi. padArthoM ke kAraNa kI sattA upalabdha hai| yaha aneka hetuoM se siddha hai tathA anupalabdha bhI hetu kI asiddhi hai| vii. 'nirhetukAH bhAvAH' kI pratijJA meM hetu die jAne para nirhetuka svabhAvavAda vadato vyAghAta kI bhA~ti khaNDita ho jAtA hai| 11. bauddha dArzanika zAntarakSita ne tattvasaMgraha meM svabhAvavAda kA upasthApana evaM nirasana kiyA hai| svabhAvavAda kI mAnyatA ko unhoMne 'sarvahetu nirAzaMsaM' ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| ye svabhAvavAdI saMbhavata: nirhetuka svabhAvavAdI haiM jo sva aura para donoM ko kAraNa nahIM mAnate haiN| prAkRtika vicitratAoM yathA kamala, kesara, mayUracandraka meM koI kAraNa dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| aisI sthiti meM svabhAva ke atirikta anya koI kAraNa nahIM ho sktaa| duHkhAdi AdhyAtmika kAryoM kI pratyakSata: nirhetukatA siddha nahIM hotI hai kintu anumAna se usakI nirhetukatA siddha hai| zAntarakSita aura unake TIkAkAra kamalazIla ne vibhinna tarka dekara svabhAvavAda kA nirasana kiyA hai| jisakA prabhAva jainAcArya abhayadevasUri para bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai| haribhadrasUri ne zAstravArtA samuccaya meM svabhAvahetuvAdI kA hI khaNDana kiyA hai jabaki tattvasaMgraha abhayadevakRta tattvabodhavidhAyinI TIkA meM svabhAvahetuvAdI aura nirhetukavAdI donoM matoM kA khaNDana prApta hai| isase patA calatA hai ki svabhAvahetuvAdI pUrva meM svabhAvavAda ke rUpa meM sthApita thA, dhIre-dhIre yaha vikAsa ko prApta huA aura nirhetuka svabhAvavAda ke rUpa meM sthApita hone lgaa| jaina granthoM meM svabhAva kA vibhinna dRSTiyoM se nirUpaNa huA hai tathA use jaina dArzanika kathaMcit kAraNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra bhI karate haiM kintu usakI kAraNaikAntatA kA prabala pratiSedha karate haiN|

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212 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa saMdarbha 1. buddhacarita, sarga-9, zloka 62 kaH kaNTakAnAM prakaroti taikSaNyaM vicitrabhAvaM mRgapakSiNAM vaa| svabhAvataH sarvamidaM pravRttaM na kAmacAro'sti kutaH prytnH|| -sanmati tarka 3.53 kI TIkA, pR. 712 kaH kaNTakAnAM prakaroti taikSNyaM vicitrabhAvaM mRgapakSiNAM ca? svabhAvataH sarvamidaM pravRttaM na kAmacAro'sti kutaH prsNgH|| -zAstravArtA samuccaya stabaka 2, zloka 60 kI TIkA 4. vedamanISI DaoN. phatahasiMhajI se 20 mArca 2003 ko huI carcA ke AdhAra para 5. Rgveda, 10.129.1 Rgveda, 10.129. 2 kA pUrvArdha 7. Rgveda, 10.129.6 kA uttarArdha 8. daza vAdoM para ojhA jI dvArA racita 'dazavAda rahasyam' pustaka draSTavya hai| ina daza vAdoM meM siddhAntavAda ko milAkara ekAdazavAda tathA unameM itivRttavAda ko milAkara dvAdazavAda bhI mAne gae haiN| -draSTavya aparavAda, pUrvapIThikA, 13, 14 svabhAvametaM pariNAmameke prAhuryadRcchAM niyatiM tthaike| syAt pauruSI prakRtistaditthaM svabhAvavAdasya gtishcturdhaa|| -aparavAda, viSayAvatArarUpa lokAyatavAda-adhikaraNa, zloka 6, pR. 2 10. aparavAda, pariNAmavAdAdhikaraNa, zloka 1 11. kaH kaNTakAnAM prakaroti taikSNyaM vicitrabhAva mRgapakSiNAM vaa| svabhAvataH sarvamidaM pravRttaM na kAmacAro'sti kutaH prytnH|| -aparavAda, pariNAmavAdAdhikaraNa, zloka 2 / yahI zloka buddhacarita ke sarga 9.62 meM bhI prApta hotA hai| 12. aparavAda, pariNAmavAdAdhikaraNa, zloka 3 13. ko vA atra haMsAn karoti zuklAn zukAzca ko vA hrit:kroti| ko vA mayUrAn prakaroti citrAn svabhAvataH sarvamidaM prjaayte|| -aparavAda, pariNAmavAdAdhikaraNa, zloka 4

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17. svabhAvavAda 213 14. itthaM purA ke'pi parAzarAdyA nirdhArayantaH prinnaamvaadm| pratyabruvan pauruSavAdameSAM mate svbhaavo'ntilNngghniiyH|| -aparavAda, pariNAmavAdAdhikaraNa, zloka 5 Adhunika vijJAna meM haMsoM ke sapheda, totoM ke hare aura mayUroM ke vicitra varNa kA kAraNa unake guNasUtra ko mAnA jAtA hai| ina guNasUtroM meM vibhinna vargoM ko utpanna karane kI zakti kisa kAraNa se hotI hai, to svabhAva ke atirikta koI kAraNa pratyuttara ke rUpa meM nahIM prApta hotA hai| isa prakAra aMtima kAraNa ke rUpa meM Adhunika vaijJAnikoM ko bhI svabhAvavAda ke Age natamastaka honA pdd'egaa| aparavAda, yadRcchAvAda-adhikaraNa, zloka 1 kA aMza 16. aparavAda, yadRcchAvAda-adhikaraNa, zloka 3-5 aparavAda, niyativAda adhikaraNa, zloka 2 18. aparavAda, niyativAda adhikaraNa, zloka 1 19. rUpeNa sarve niyatena bhAvA bhavanti tasmAnniyatiM pRthgvt| manyAmahe kAraNamIzvaro vA'Nurvetare vA niyatervaze syuH|| -aparavAda, niyativAda, adhikaraNa, zloka 3 20. itthaM purA kecana pUraNAdyA vizvasya mUlaM niyatiM vdntH| unmUlayanti sma mataM pareSAM yAdRcchikAnAM bhuyuktiyaugaiH|| -aparavAda, niyativAda adhikaraNa, zloka 4 21. aparavAda, prakRtivAda-adhikaraNa, zloka 7 22. aparavAda, prakRtivAda adhikaraNa, zloka 8 23. zrImad bhAgavat purANa, dvitIya skandha, adhyAya 5, zloka 22 kA aMza uddhata aparavAda, pariNAmaghAda adhikaraNa 24. zvetAzvataropaniSad, prathama adhyAya, maMtra 2 zvetAzvataropaniSad, SaSTha adhyAya, maMtra 1 26. dravyaM karma ca kAlazca svabhAvo jIva eva c| vAsudevAtparo brahmanna cAnyo'rtho'sti tttvtH|| -zrImad bhAgavat mahApurANa, dvitIya skandha, adhyAya 5, zloka 14 27. harivaMza purANa- dvitIya khaNDa, saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjA kutuba, barelI, pR. 189, zloka 13, 16

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214 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa zloka 35 devI bhAgavata purANa- prathama khaNDa, saMskRti saMsthAna, vedanagara, barelI, pR. 166, zloka 43 30. mANDUkyakArikA, advaitAkhyatRtIyaprakaraNam, zloka 20 31. 32. 33. 34. 28. harivaMza purANa - dvitIya khaNDa, pR. 192, 29. 35. 36. 40. 37. gItA, adhyAya 18, zloka 60 38. gItA, adhyAya 18, zloka 41 kA rAmAnuja bhASya 39. kRSigorakSyavANijyaM vaizyakarma svabhAvajam / paricaryAtmakaM karma zUdrasyApi svabhAvajam // / - gItA, a. 18, zloka 44 gItA, adhyAya 5, . zloka 14 rAmAyaNa, kiSkindhAkANDa, sarga 25, zloka 5 zrImad bhagavad gItA, gItA presa, gorakhapura, adhyAya 18, zloka 41 'svakIyo bhAva: svabhAva: ' - zrImad bhagavad gItA 18.41 kA rAmAnuja bhASya 43. gItA, adhyAya 18, zloka 41 para rAmAnujabhASya zamo damastapaH zaucaM kSAntirArjavameva ca / jJAnaM vijJAnamAstikyaM brahmakarma - gItA a. 18, zloka 42 svbhaavjm| gItA, adhyAya 18, zloka 41 para rAmAnuja bhASya zaurya tejo dhRtirdAkSyaM yuddhe cApyapalAyanam / dAnamIzvarabhAvazca kSAtraM karma - gItA a. 14, zloka 43 svbhaavjm| 41. 42. kecit puruSakAraM tu prAhuH karmasu mAnavAH / 44. daivamityapare viprA: svabhAvaM bhUtacintakAH / / -mahAbhArata, zAMtiparva, adhyAya 232, zloka 19 mahAbhArata, zAMti parva, adhyAya 219, , zloka 7 svabhAvAtsaMpravartante, nivartante tathaiva ca / sarve bhAvAstathA'bhAvAH, puruSArtho na vidyate || svabhAvapreritAH sarve, nivizante guNA sadA / zubhAzubhAstadA tatra, kasya kiM mAnakAraNam // svabhAvAllabhate prajJAM zAntimeti svabhAvataH / svabhAvAdeva tatsarvaM, yat " kiMcidanupazyati / / - mahAbhArata, zAMti parva, adhyAya 222, zloka 15, 22, 35

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45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. aniSTasyAbhinirvRtti-miSTasaMvRttimeva c| aprayatnena pazyAmaH keSAMcittatsvabhAvataH / / yastu kartAramAtmAnaM manyate sAdhvasAdhu vA / tasya doSavatI prajJA, atattvajJeti me matiH / 53. yadi syAt puruSaH kartA, zakrAtmazreyase dhruvam / ArambhAstasya siddhyeyu na jAtu parAbhavet / / - mahAbhArata, zAMtiparva, adhyAya 222, mahAbhArata, zAMti parva, adhyAya 222, zloka 23 hantIti manyate kazcinna hantItyapi cAparaH / svabhAvatastu niyatau bhUtAnAM prabhavAtyayau / / - mahAbhArata, zAMtiparva, adhyAya 222, mahAbhArata, zAMti parva, adhyAya 237, zloka 3 yeSAM caikAntabhAvena svabhAvAt kAraNaM mtm| pUtvA tRNamiSIkAM vA te labhante na kiMcana / svabhAvavAda 215 51. mahAbhArata, zAMti parva, adhyAya 237, zloka 5, 6 52. kRSyAdInIha karmANi sasyasaMharaNAni c| prajJAvadbhiH praklRptAni yAnAsanagRhANi ca / / AkrIDAnAM gRhANAM ca gadAnAmagadasya c| prajJAvantaH prayoktAro jJAnavadbhiranuSThitAH / / - mahAbhArata, zAMtiparva, adhyAya 25, zloka 20.17 - mahAbhArata, zAMti parva, adhyAya 237, zloka 4 54. abhirhutAzaH zamamabhyupaiti tejAMsi cApo gamayanti zoSam / bhinnAni bhUtAni zarIrasaMsthAnyaikyaM ca gatvA jagadudvahanti / yatpANipAdodarapRSThamUrdhnA nivartate garbhagatasya bhAvaH / yadAtmanastasya ca tena yogaH svAbhAvikaM tatkathayanti tajjJAH / / zloka 18 zloka 16 - mahAbhArata, zAMtiparva, adhyAya 237, zloka 7,8 buddhacarita, prathama bhAga, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, saMskaraNa paMcama 1983, sarga-9, zloka 58, 59 - buddhacarita, sarga -9, zloka 60, 61

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216 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 55. buddhacarita, sarga - 9 zloka 62 56. bRhatsaMhitA, muMzI navalakizora yantrAlaya, lakhanaU, 1884, adhyAya 1, sUtra 7 paMcataMtra, caukhambA vidyAbhavana vArANasI, taMtra prathama, zloka 280 - 281 57. hitopadeza, caukhambA saMskRta sIrija, vArANasI, mitralAbha kA zloka 20, 17 58. 59. hitopadeza, mitralAbha, zloka 38, 86 60. hitopadeza, vigraha, zloka 60 61. 62. sAMkhyakArikA, kArikA 55 sAMkhya tattvakaumudI, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, baMgalo ror3a, javAhara nagara, dillI, kArikA 55 kI jyotiSamatI vyAkhyA, pR. 311-312 63. sAMkhyakArikA, kArikA 61 kI mATharavRtti se 64. sAMkhyakArikA, kArikA 61 kI mATharavRtti se 65. nyAyadarzana, a. 4, A. 1, sUtra 22 66. nyAyadarzana a. 4, A. 1, sUtra 23 67. nyAyadarzana a. 4, A. 1, sUtra 24 68. svabhAvo'vyapadezyo vA sAmarthya vAvatiSThate / sarvasyAnte yatastasmAd vyavahAro na kalpate / / - vAkyapadIyam padakANDa, jAtisamuddeza gA. 95 iha kAryANAM pratiniyatakAraNAnabhyupagame kAraNakAraNAdeva siddhAvabhyupagamyamAnAyAM tatrApi tatkAraNAdityanavasthAyAmApAditAyAM sarvAnte mUlakAraNe'vasthAtavyam / tacca mUlaM kAraNaM sarvasya vAdino'nte paryanuyogAvasAne nityasya pradhAnAdeH 'svabhAvo'vyapadezyo' 'yamasya svabhAvo'smAddhetorityevaM vyapadeSTumazakyo'vatiSThate / ata evAsminnavadhau hetupraznaparamparA nivartate / yeSAM tvanityaM kAraNam, teSAM sAmarthya hetuzaktiH praznaparamparAvasAne'vatiSThate / tadapi sAmarthyamavyapadezyameva vailakSaNyena 'idaM tat' iti zabdena vyapadeSTumazakyatvAt / - vAkyapadIyam, pada-kANDa, jAti samuddeza, gA. 95 kI helArAja viracita 'prakAza vyAkhyA' kAraNasya 69. 70. vAkyapadIyam, vAkya kANDa, kA. 149 71. vAkyapadIyam, vAkya kANDa, kA. 150

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x svabhAvavAda 217 72. mUSako mArjArasyAhAra iti mArjAraH kena shikssitH| zunaH svAmini prItiH kena shikssitaa| mUSakamArjArayoH, govyAghrayoH, ahinakulayoH, azvamahiSayozca parasparamapadveSaH kena pryuktH| gomahiSyAdayo jale plavanakriyAyAM kena shikssitaaH| -vAkyapadIyam, vAkya kANDa, kArikA 150 para ambAkI vyAkhyA 73. tattvasaMgraha, paMjikA, zloka 110 sarvahetunirAzaMsa bhAvAnAM janma vrnnyte| svabhAvavAdibhiste hi nAhuH svamapi kaarnnm|| -tattva saMgraha, zloka 110 75. tattvasaMgraha, zloka 111, 112 76. tattvasaMgraha paMjikA, zloka 112 77. tattvasaMgraha, paMjikA, zloka 112 78. dharmasaMgrahaNi-bhAga prathama, zloka 281 79. mRdeva ghaTajananasvabhAvA na tantavaH, tantava eva ca parajananasvabhAvA na mRditi _vastuvyavasthAniyame vastusvabhAva eva tathA tathA paridRzyamAnaH pramANatayA vijRmbhate na tvanyat kiNcit| -dharmasaMgrahaNi, zloka 291 para malayagiri TIkA 80. hetubhUtiniSedho na svAnupAkhyavidhirna c| svabhAvavarNanA naivmvdherniytttvtH|| -nyAya kusumAMjali, vyAkhyAkAra- zrI durgAdhara jhA, vArANaseya-saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI-2, prathama stabaka, zloka 5 'kazcinniyatadezavanniyatakAlasvabhAva iti brUmaH' -nyAyakusumAMjali, prathama stabaka zloka 5 kI vyAkhyA nyAyakusumAMjali, prathama stabaka, zloka 5 kI vyAkhyA 'cet nA'pekSyanta iti ko'rthaH? kiM na niyatA:? AhosvinniyatA apyanupakArakAH? prathame dhUmo dahanavadgardabhamapyavadhIkuryAt, niyaamkaa'bhaavaat| dvitIye tu kimupakArAntareNa, niyamasyaivA'pekSArthatvAt, tasyaiva ca kAraNAtmakatvAt, IdRzasya ca svbhaavvaadsyesstttvaat| nitysvbhaavniymvdett|' -nyAyakusumAMjali, prathama stabaka, zloka 5 kI vyAkhyA meM 84. jagadvaicitryamAkasmikaM syAditi cet na tdbhdrm| svabhAvAdeva tdupptteH| taduktam

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218 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 'agniruSNo jalaM zItaM smsprshstthaanilH| kenedaM citritaM tsmaatsvbhaavaattdvyvsthitiH|| -sarvadarzana saMgraha, caukhambA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI, cArvAka darzana, peja 19 85. praznavyAkaraNa sUtra, zrutaskandha 1, adhyAya 2, sUtra 50 86. praznavyAkaraNa sUtra para abhayadeva kI vRtti, zrI Agamodaya samiti, nirNayasAgara yantrAlaya dvArA mudrita, dharmazAlA, gopIpurA, sUrata, vi.saM. 1975, adharmadvAre, mRSAvAdinaH sUtra 7 praznavyAkaraNa, zrImad jJAnavimalasUriviracita vRtti, zAradA mudraNAlaya, ratanapola, ahamadAbAda, vi.saM. 1993, adharmadvAre, mRSAvAdinaH sUtra 7 88. (1) nandI sUtra, malayagiri avacUri, pR. 179 (2) SaDdarzanasamuccaya, pR. 19-20 para bhI uparyukta aMza uddhRta 89. zrI loka tattva nirNaya, zrI jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, pR. 28, zloka 3 90. zrI loka tattva nirNaya, zrI jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, pR. 23, zloka 20 91. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 57 92. AkAzatvAdInAM kvAcitkatvavad ghaTAdInAM kaadaacitktvsyetraa'niymytvaat| -zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 57 kI TIkA 93. 'bhavanasvabhAvatve ghaTaH sarvadA bhavedi ti cet|' -zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 57 kI TIkA zAstravArtA samuccaya, sta. 2, zloka 57 kI TIkA upAdAnasvabhAvasyaivopAdeyagatasvabhAvarUpopakArajanakasyopAdeupAdAnasvabhAvasyaivopAdeyagatasvabhAvarUpopakArajanakasyopAde - zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabakara, zloka 57 kI TIkA 96. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 58 kA aMza 97. 'vartante'tha nivartante kAmacAraparAGmukhAH' -zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 58 kA aMza 98. zAstravArtA samuccaya, sta. 2, zloka 59

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svabhAvavAda 219 99. na hyazvamASe vilakSaNAgnisaMyogAdikaM nAstIti vaktuM zakyate, ekayaiva kriyayA tttdnyvhnisNyogaat| na cAdRSTavaiSamyAt tadapAkaH, dRSTasAdguNye tavaiSamyA'yogAt, anyathA dRDhadaNDanunnamapi cakraM na bhraamyet| tasmAt svabhAvavaiSamyAdeva tadapAkaH ityanyatra kAmacArAt svabhAva eva kAraNamiti pryvsnnm| -zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 59 kI TIkA 100. 'atatsvabhAvAt tadbhAve'tiprasaMgo'nivAritaH' -zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 60 kA aMza 101. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 60 kA aMza 102. zAstravArtA samuccaya, sta. 2, zloka 60 kI TIkA 103. zAstravArtA samuccaya, sta. 2, zloka 60 kI TIkA 104. 'kintu sAmagrImeva kAryajanikAM brUmaH azvamASasya ca paktiM prati svarUpayogyataiva na iti ko dossH|' -zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 60 kI TIkA 105. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 60 kI TIkA 106. 'na ca mRtsvabhAvA'vizeSad ghttaadikaaryaa'vishessprsNgH|' -zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 60 kI TIkA 107. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 60 kI TIkA 108. 'svabhAvArthatvAt, tasyAzca kaaryaikvyNgytvaat|'-shaasyvaartaa samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 60 kI TIkA 109. 'aGkurajananasvabhAvaM bIjaM prAgevA'GkuraM jnyet|' - zAsyavArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 60 kI TIkA 110. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, gAthA 60 kI TIkA 111. 'na ca sahakAricakrayA'tizayAdhAyakatvaM tvayA'pi klpniiym|' -zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 60 kI TIkA 112. 'tasya tatkAryajanakatvakalpanamevocitamiti vAcyam' -zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 60 kI TIkA 113. zAstravArtA samuccaya, sta. 2, zloka 60 kI TIkA 114. 'na ca caramakSaNapariNAmarUpabIjasyA'pi dvitIyAdikSaNapariNAmarUpAGkurAjana katvAd vyaktivizeSamavalambyaiva hetu-hetumadbhAvo vAcyaH, anyathA

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220 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa vyAvRttivizeSanugata-prathamAdicaramaparyantAGkurakSaNAn prati vyAvRttivizeSanugatAnAM caramabIjakSaNA-dikopAntyAGkurakSaNAnAM hetutve kAryakAraNatAvacchedakakoTAve kaikakSaNapravezA'pravezAbhyAM vinigmnaavirhprsNgaat|" -zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 60 kI TIkA 115. 'tathA ca tajjAtIyAt kAryAt tajjAtIyakAraNAnumAnabhaMgaprasaMgaH iti vaacym|' -zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 60 kI TIkA 116. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 60 kI TIkA 117. prayojya-prayojakabhAvasyaiva vipakSabAdhakatarkasya jaagruuktvaaditi| __-zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 60 kI TIkA 118. AcArAMga sUtra, zIlAMka TIkA, adhyayana 1, uddezaka 1, sUtra 3 119. svabhAvataH pravRttAnAM, nivRttAnAM svabhAvataH -AcArAMga sUtra, zIlAMka TIkA 1.1.3 120. kenAjitAni nayanAni mRgAGganAnAM, ko'laMkaroti ruciraaNgruhaanmyuuraan| kazcotpaleSu dalasannicayaM karoti, ko vA dadhAti vinayaM kulajeSu pussu|| - AcArAMga sUtra, zIlAMka TIkA 1.1.3 121. sUtrakRtAMga, prathama zrutaskaMdha, prathama adhyayana, tRtIya uddezaka, zloka 5 kA aMza 122. sUtrakRtAMga, prathama zrutaskaMdha, prathama adhyayana, tRtIya uddezaka, zloka 6 123. sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.3 ke zloka 6 para zIlAMka TIkA 124. 'tadyathA kazcidIzvaro'paro daridro'nyaH sabhago'parodarbhagaH sakhI daHkhI sarUpo mandarUpo vyAdhito narogIti evaM prakArA ca vicitratA kiM nibndhneti|' - sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.1 kA zloka 12 kI TIkA 125. "atrocyate, svabhAvAt, tathAhi-kutracicchilAzakale pratimArUpaM niSpAdyate, tacca kuGkumAgarucandanAdivilepanAnubhogamanubhavati dhUpAdhAmodaMca, anyasmiMstu pASANakhaNDe pAdakSAlanAdi kriyate, na ca tayoH pASANakhaNDayoH zubhAzubhe'sta: yadudayAtsa tAdRgvidhAvasthAvizeSa ityevaM svabhAvAjjagadvaicitryaM tathA coktam"kaNTakasya ca tIkSNatvaM mayUrasya vicitrtaa| varNAzca tAmracUDAnAM svabhAvena bhavanti hi' iti tajjIvataccharIravAdimataM gtm|" -sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.1 kA zloka 12 kI TIkA 126. sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.1 ke zloka 18 kI TIkA

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svabhAvavAda 221 127. 'yenA'tmano bhogopapattyA sRSTiH syAditi, prakRterayaM svabhAva iti cedevaM tarhi svabhAva eva balIyAn yastAmapi prakRtiM niyamayati / ' -sUtrakRtAMga, 1.1.3 kA zloka 9 kI TIkA 128. ' na hi svabhAvo'bhyupagamyamAno naH kSati mAtanoti / tathAhi svo bhAvaH svabhAvaH svakIyotpattiH sA ca padArthAnAmiSyata eveti / ' - sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.3 kA zloka 9 kI TIkA 129. ' tathA'sti svabhAvo'pi kAraNatvenAzeSasya jagatH, svo bhAvaH svabhAvaH itikRtvA, tena hi jIvAjIvabhavyatvAbhavyatvamUrttatvAmUrttatvAnAM svasvarUpAnuvidhAnAt tathA dharmAdharmAkAzakAlAdInAM ca gatisthityavagAhaparatvAparatvAdi'svarUpApAdAnAditi' - sUtrakRtAMga 1.12 ke prArambha kI TIkA meM 130. draSTavya pR. 93 131. tiloka kAvya kalpatarU : bhAga 4, zrI ratna jaina pustakAlaya, ahamadanagara tattva muktAvalI: vAda svarUpa, pR. 87 132. (ka) dvAdazAranayacakra, bhAga-prathama, pR. 219 para uddhRta (kha) pANini vyAkaraNa para vArtika 5.1.119 133. dvAdazAranayacakra bhAga-prathama, pR. 222 134. (ka) dvAdazAranayacakra, bhAga-prathama, pR 222 para uddhRta (kha) buddhacarita, 9.62 ( prathama zloka ) 135. 'yadi svabhAva eva kAraNaM kiM na svabhAvamAtrAdeva bhUmyAdidravyavinirvRttinirapekSA kaNTakAdyutpattirbhavet ? kimanyathApi na syAt ? kaNTakaH kimartha vidhyati ? kimarthaM ca kadAcid vidhyati ? kimarthaM kiJcideva vidhyati kiJcicca na?" dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama - bhAga, pR. 222 - 223 136. 'bhUmyambukSetrabIjAkuMrAdibhya eva kaNTako bhavati na mRtpiNDAdibhya ityeva teSAM svabhAva iti svabhAvasyaiva samarthanaM tadapi teSAM tattatsvAbhAvyAt' / - dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama bhAga, pR. 223 137. 'nimittAnAmapi nimittatA svAbhAvikI - dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama bhAga,pR.223-224 138. 'prativastu svabhAva evAyaM vayaH kSIrAdivat / yadi cAsau na syAt tata uttaratrApi na bhavedeva abhUtattvAd vandhyAputravat / evaM mRdAdiSu vidyamAnAnAM ghaTAdInAM nimittApekSasvabhAvaivotpattiH' nAkAzAdiSu / ' -dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama bhAga, pR. 224

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222 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 139. kaTukaH kaTukaH pAke vIryoSNazcitrako mataH / tadvad dantI,prabhAvAttu virecayati sA naram / / - dvAdazAranayacakra,prathama bhAga,pR.225 para uddhRta caraka saMhitA 1.26.68 140. 'mRdghaTAghabhivyaktyanabhivyaktisvabhAvau ghaTo'pi pRthivyAdisvabhAva eva vastutvAt tadAtmatvAt, yathA-Apo dravAH,sthirA pRthivI, calo'nilaH, mUrtihInamAkAzam, uSNo'gnirityAdiSu svabhAva eva' -dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama bhAga,pR.225 141. dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama bhAga, pR.226 142. 'sa caiko'pi kArakabhedaM svazaktibhedAdeva labhate,sa evAnubhavati so'nubhuuyte| svadravyasaMyogavibhAgasvabhAvyena sa eva bhavatIti saMsAramokSau svbhaavtH||' ___ -dvAdazAranayacakra,prathama bhAga,pR.228 143. 'antareNApi dhAtuvAdaM kanakAvirbhAvastathA karmavivekasvAbhAvyAdeva bhavyajIvAnA mAtmAvirbhAvaH, samyagdarzanajJAnapUrvikayA tu kriyayA prAcuryeNa kaivalyaprAptirdhAtuvAdakriyayeva kanakotpattiH keSAJcidanAvirbhAva eva krmaaviveksvaabhaavyaat'| - dvAdazAranayacakra,prathama bhAga,pR.229 144. 'svabhAvanayabalena AmnAtA jIvA dvividhAH-bhavasiddhikAzca abhavasiddhikAzceti tadubhayasvabhAvavarNanAt abhavyajIvakarmaNorityAdi bhavyasya tu vizuddhItyAdi ca gatArtha vAkyadvayam anAderjIvakarmasantAnasya vyavacchedAvyavacchedau svabhAvAdeveti nAtra kazcid bhavyakarmasantAnasAntatAyAmabhavyakarmasantAnAnantatAyAM vA hetuH zakyo vaktumanyaH svbhaavaat|'-dvaadshaarnyckr,prthm bhAga,pR.229 yadi heturanyo mRgyeta tenAnatyamasyApi syAt, anAditvAt , aakaashvt| tadantavattve vAkAzamapi sAntaM syAt, anAditvAt, bhvykrmvt| athApyasyAditve'heturanto bhavati tathA AdiH siddhakarmasantAnasya kasmAnna bhavati? iti svAbhAva eva zaraNaM tadupAyasvabhAvo mokSa iti| evaM srvcodhessu| -dvAdazAranayacakra,bhAga-prathama,pR.229 146. svabhAvAnabhyupagame tu na sAdhanaM na dUSaNaM ca svabhAvApetAvayavArthavAditvAditi vAdahAnaM te| - dvAdazAranayacakra,bhAga-prathama, pR.230 / 147. 'tadyathA-pakSahetudRSTAntAdayaH svena bhAvena sampannAH sAdhanam....tadviparyaye tadAbhAsA...tasmAt svabhAva eva prabhuvibhutvAbhyAM kAraNaM jagat iti| - dvAdazAranayacakra, bhAga-prathama, pR. 230 145

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svabhAvavAda 223 148. ayaM ca svabhAvaH kiM vyApI prativastu parisamApto vA? vyApitve tyaktasvaparavizeSaNaH syAt / prativastutve kiM tena kalpitenAbhinnaphalena lokvaadaat| pratyekamAtravRtti ca vastu ghaTAdyeva ghaTAdItItaretarAbhAvAt parasparamasvabhavanaparigrahAt kutaH kva cAsau svabhAvaH syAt / - dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama bhAga pR 233 149. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1913 - 1920 aura 1786-1795 150. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1643 kI TIkA se 151. 'tatra na tAvad vastuvizeSaH, tadgrAhaka pramANAbhAvAt / apramANakasyAbhyupagame karmApi kiM nAbhyupagamyate, tasyApi tvadabhiprAyeNApramANakatvAt? kiMca vastuvizeSaH sa svabhAvo mUrto vA syAt / amUrto vA ? yadi mUrtaH tarhi svabhAva iti nAmAntareNa karmaivoktaM syAt / athAmUrtaH, tarhi nAsau kasyApi kartA, amUrtatvAt nirUpakaraNatvAcca, vyomavaditi / -vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gA. 1643 kI TIkA 152. athAkAraNatA svabhAva iSyate, tatrApyabhidadhmahe- nannevaM satya'kAraNaM zarIrAdyutpadyata ityayamarthaH syAt, tathA ca sati kAraNAbhAvasya samAnatvAd yugapadevAzeSadehotpAda - prasaMga: / api ca, itthamahetukamAkasmikaM zarIrAdyutpadyata ityabhyupagataM bhvet| etaccAyuktameva, yato yadahetukamAkasmikaM na tadAdimatpratiniyatAkAram, yathA'bhrAdivikAraH, AdimatpratiniyatAkAraM ca zarIrAdi / tasmAd nAkasmikam kintu karmahetukameva / pratiniyatAkAratvAdeva copakaraNasahitakartRnirvartyameva zarIrAdikaM ghaTAdivaditi gamyata ev| na ca garbhAvasthAsu karmaNo'nyadupakaraNaM ghaTata ityuktameva / - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA. 1643 kI TIkA 153. 'atha svabhAvata eva bhavotpattirityatra' akAraNata evaM' ityayamarthA'bhipretaH, 'to vi tti' tathApi hanta ! parabhave sadRzatA kutaH ? ko'bhiprAyaH ? ityAha yathA'kAraNataH sadRzatA bhavati, tathA kimityakAraNata eva visadRzatA na syAt ? akasmAccakAraNa to bhavavicchittiH kasmAd na syAt ?' - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA. 1799 kI TIkA 154. 'uppAyetyAdi yad yasmAdutpAda-sthiti-bhaMgAdayazcitrA vastuparyAyAH na ca te sadaivA'vasthitasAdRzyAH, nIlAdInAM vastudharmANAM pratyakSataevAnyAnyarUpatayA pariNatidarzanAt / - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA. 1792 kI TIkA

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224 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 155. atha vastuno dharmaH svbhaavo'bhyupgmyte| tathApyasau yadyAtmadharmo vijJAnAdivat, tarhi na zarIrAdikAraNamasau, amUrtatvAt, AkAzavat itybhihitmev| atha mUrtavastudharmo'sau, tarhi siddhasAdhyatA, karmaNo'pi pudgalAstikAyaparyAyavizeSatvenAsmAbhirabhyupagatattvAditidgapulAstikAyaparyAyavizeSatvenAsmAbhirabhyu pgtttvaaditi| -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gA. 1643 kI TIkA 156. 'suhadukkhANuhavAto citAo Na ya ahetugo eso-' dharmasaMgrahaNi gAthA 548 157. kinna sahAvoti maI bhAvo vA hojja jaM abhAvo vaa| i bhAvo kiM citto? kiM vA so egruuvotti||-dhrmsNgrhnni,gaathaa 549 158. dharmasaMgrahaNi,gAthA 550-552 159. jIveNaM babhicAro Na hi so egNtto'mutto| jamaNAdikammasaMtaipariNAmAvanna rUva evAyaM, bIyaMkuru NAeNaM taM ceva ya tassa hetutti||-dhrmsNgrhnni gAthA 552,553 160. mutteNaM babhicAro Na sovijaM cetnnaasruuvoti| ThAya so dukkhanimittaM nirUvamasuharUvato tss|| -dharmasaMgrahaNi gAthA 554 161. aha tu abhAvo so vi hu egasahAvo va hojja citto vA? tucchegasahAvatte kahaM tao kajjasiddhi tti? Nahi kharavisANahetUabhAvato jAyatI taMya ttto| tucchegasahAvattA bhegajaDAbhAramAdI vaa|| -dharmasaMgrahaNi,gAthA 556, 557 162. miipiMDo ceva tao jAyai tatto ghaDo ya to juttN| __ tucchegasahAvatte kahaM tao kajjasiddhi tti|| -dharmasaMgrahaNi 558 163. Na hi so tucchasahAvo egaMteNaM sruuvbhaavaato| taddhetubhAvarUvaM paDucca tuccho munneyvvo|| 559 / / jo cciya sarUvabhAvo Na tau cciya iyararUvabhAvo tti| bhAvAbhAvavirohA bhinnasahAvammi cittttN|| 560 / / TIkA- athocyeta-svarUpApekSayA bhAvarUpatA pararUpApekSayA cAbhAvarUpatA tato bhAvAbhAvayo- bhinnanimittatvAnna kazcidiha virodhadoSa iti| atrAha'bhinnasahAvammi cittataM' bhinnau- parasparavilakSaNau svabhAvau svapararUpApekSayA bhAvAbhAvalakSaNau yasya sa tathAbhUtastadrUpe mRtpiNDAdAvabhyupagamyamAne hnt|

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svabhAvavAda 225 citratvam-anekAntAtmakatvaM svatantravirodhi praapnoti| -dharmasaMgrahaNi gAthA 560 para malayagiri TIkA 164. aha citto ceva tato nAbhAvo cittayA jato loe| bhAvassa haMdi diTThA ghddpddkddsgddbhedenn|| TIkA-tato yadi tasyApi citrateSyate trhi| nAmAntareNa bhAva eva citro'bhyupagataH syAt, na hi tattadarthakriyAsAmarthyalakSaNasvabhAvabhedAtirekeNa citratopapadyate, tathAbhUtabhedaikasvabhAvAbhyupagame ca bhAvarUpataivopapadyata iti| -dharmasaMgrahaNi gAthA 562 para malayagiri TIkA 165. bhAvassa ya hetutte naamvivjjaasmettmevedN| haMdi sahAvo hetU jamhA kammaM pi bhAvo tu||- dharmasaMgrahaNi gAthA 563 166. so bhAvo tti sahAvo kAraNakajjANa so hvejjaahi| kajjagao kaha heU nivvittIo u kjjss|| TIkA- 'nivvIttIo u kajjassa' kAryasya nivRtteH| yo hi yasyAlabdhAtmalA bhasaMpAdanAya prabhavati sa tasya heturbhavati,kArya ca niSpannatayA na alabdhAtmalAbhaM kathamAnyathA tadabhAve so'pi tadAtmasvabhAvo bhvet| tasmAnnaivAso svabhAvaH kAryagataH kAryasya heturiti| -dharmasaMgrahaNi gAthA 564 aura malayagiri TIkA 167. kAraNagao u heU keNa va geTThotti Niyayakajjassa / Na ya so tao vibhinnoM sakAraNa satvameva tao / / TIkA- kAraNagataH svabhAvastata:-tasmAtkAraNAdvibhinnaH kiMtvabhinnaH, tasmAt yat kiMcidiha jagati kArya tatsarva sakAraNameveti sthitm| -dharmasaMgrahaNi gAthA 565 eMva malayagiri kI TIkA 168. 'nAnArUpAt iha loke yathAsaMbhava sukhaM dukhaM vA citrmnubhuuyte| tataH kimityAha na ca eSa citraH sukhadukhAnubhavo nirhetuko, nityaM-sadA bhaavaabhaavprsnggaat| 'nityaM sattvamasattvaM vaa'hetornyaanpekssnnaaditinyaayaat|' -dharmasaMgrahaNi, gAthA 548 kI malayagiri TIkA 169. dharmasaMgrahaNi gAthA 548 170. 'svo bhAvazca svabhAvo'pi svasataiva hi bhaavtH| tasyApi bhedakAbhAve vaicitryaM noppdyte||' -zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2 zloka 74

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226 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 171. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 75 172. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 75 kI TIkA 173. 'na, tasyaiva svabhAvasya pUrvottarakAryajanakatve pUrvottarakAlayoruttarapUrvakAryaprasaGgena kramasyaiva vyAhate:' - zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 75 kI TIkA 174. 'ekasyaiva svabhAvasya nAnAjAtiniyAmakatve sarvasya sarvajAtIyatvasya ekajAtIyatvasya vA prasaGgAt' - zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 75 kI TIkA 175. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 76 176. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 76 177. 'kSaNikasvabhAve nA'yaM doSa ityuktameveti' 178. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 76 kI TIkA 179. kurvadrUpatvasya ca jAtittvAbhAvena ghaTaM prati ghaTakurvadrUpatvena hetutvasya vaktumazakyatvAt sAmagrItvena kAryavyApyatvasya vAstavikatvena gauravasyA'doSatvAt, pratyabhijJAdibAdhena kSaNikatvasya niSetsyamAnatvAcca / 180. kiMca, ekatra svabhAvavAdatyAgaH - zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 76 kI TIkA - zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 76 kI TIkA ghaTakUrvadrUpasattve'nyatra ghaTAnutpatterdezaniyAmaka hetvAzrayaNe - zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2 zloka 76 kI TIkA 181. daNDAdau ghaTAdi hetutvaM pramAyaiva prekSAvatpravRttezca - zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 76 kI TIkA 182. na ca 'nirhetukA bhAvA' ityabhyupagamenA'pi svabhAvavAdasAmrAjyam, tatra hetUpanyAse vadatovyAghAtAt / - zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 76 kI TIkA 183. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2 zaloka 76 kI TIkA 184. 'na ca jJApakahetUpanyAse'pi kArakahetupratikSepavAdino na svapakSabAdheti vaacym|' - zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 76 kI TIkA 185. tadapi pratikSiptamavagantavyam uktarUpANAM prAyastatrApi samAnatvAt, tathAhi

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svabhAvavAda 227 svabhAvo bhAvarUpo vA syAdabhAva rUpo vA ? bhAvarUpo'pyekarUpo'nekarUpo vetyAdi sarva tadavasthamevAtrApi duussnnjaalmupddhaukte|- abhidhAna rAjendra koza, bhAga-7, pR.604 186. yaH svo bhAvaH svabhAvaH, AtmIyo bhAva ityarthaH, sa ca kAryagato vA heturbhavet kAraNagato vA? na tAvatkAryagato, yataH kArye pariniSpanne sati sa kAryagataH svabhAvo bhaviSyati, nAniSpanne,niSpanne ca kArye kathaM sa tasya hetuH? yo hi yasyAlabdhalAbhasampAdanAya prabhavati sa tasya hetuH,kArya ca pariniSpannatayA labdhAtmalAbham, anyathA tasyaiva svabhAvasyAbhAvaprasaMgAt, tataH kathaM sa kAryasya heturbhvti| - abhidhAna rAjendra koza, bhAga-7, pR.604 187. kAraNagatastu svabhAvaH kAryasya heturasmAkamapi sammataH, sa ca pratikAraNaM vibhinnastena mRdaH kumbho bhavati na paTAdiH, mRdaH pttaadikrnnsvbhaavaabhaavaat| tantubhyo'pi paTa eva bhavati na ghaTAdiH,tantUnAM ghaTAdikaraNa svbhaavaabhaavaat| tato yaducyate-'mRdaH kumbho bhavati na paTAdi' rityAdi tatsarva kAraNagatasvabhAvAbhyupagame siddhasAdhyatAmadhyayAsInamiti na no baadhaamaaddhaati| - abhidhAna rAjendra koza, bhAga 7, pR. 604-605 188. yadapi coktam-'AstAmanyakAryajAtamityAdi, tadapikAraNagatasvabhAvAGgIkAreNa samIcInamevAvaseyam / tathAhi-te kAGkaTukamudgAH svakAraNavazatastathArUpA eva jAtA ye sthAlIndhanakAlAdisAmagrIsamparke'pi na pAkamaznuvate iti / svabhAvazca kAraNAdabhinna iti sarva sakAraNameveti sthitam' - abhidhAna rAjendra koza, bhAga 7, pR. 605 189. tattvasaMgraha ke svabhAvikajagadvAda parIkSA nAmaka adhyAya meM 'svata eva bhAvA jAyante' ke rUpa meM isa mata ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 190. atra yadi 'svabhAvakAraNA bhAvAH' iti teSAmabhyupagamastadA svAtmani kriyAvirodho dossH| -sanmatitarka, tRtIya kANDa, gAthA 53 kI TIkA, pR.711 191. na hi anutpannAnAM teSAM svabhAvaH samasti utpannAnAM tu svabhAvasaMgatAvapi prAk svabhAvAbhAve'pi utpatternirvRttatvAnna svabhAvastatra kAraNaM bhvet| -sanmati tarka, 3.53 kI TIkA, pR. 711 192. 'te svabhAvavAdinaH svmiti| svruupm| apishbdaatprruupmpi|' dvArA kamalazIla ne 'sva' se svayaM padArtha aura 'para' se anya padArthoM kI kAraNatA kA niSedha kiyA -tattvasaMgraha kArikA 110 kI TIkA, pR. 62

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228 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka sAnvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 193. 'atha kAraNamantareNa bhAvA bhavanti sva-parakAraNanimittajanmanirapekSatayA sarvahetunirAzaMsasvabhAvA bhAvAH / - sanmatitarka, 3.53 kI TIkA, pR. 711 194. sanmati tarka, 3.53 kI TIkA, pR. 711 195. 'na ca ayamasiddho hetuH kaNTakAditaikSNyAdernimittabhUtasya kasyacid adhyakSAdinA asaMvedanAt / ' -sanmatitarka, 3.53 kI TIkA, pR. 711 196. 'athApi syAt bhavatu bAhyAnAM bhAvAnAM kAraNAnupalabdherahetukatvam AdhyAtmikAnAM tu kuto nirhetukatvasiddhiH ? asadetat yato yadi nAma duHkhAdInAmadhyakSato nirhetukatvamasiddhaM tathApi anumAnatastat teSAM siddhameva / tathAhi- yat kAdAcitkaM tad nirhetukam, yathA- kaNTakAdestaikSNyam kAdAcitkaM ca sukhAdikamiti svabhAvahetuH / ' - sanmati tarka, 3.53 kI TIkA, pR. 712 197. na ca yasya bhAvAbhAvayorniyamena yasya bhAvAbhAvau tat tasya kAraNam, vyabhicArAt / tathAhi - sparzasadbhAva eva cakSurvijJAnam tadabhAve na tat kadAcit na ca sparzaH ttkaarnnm| tannaitat kAraNabhAvalakSaNam vyabhicAritvAt / ataH sarvahetunirAzaMsajanma bhAvAnAmiti siddham / ' -sanmati tarka, 3.53 kI TIkA pR. 712 198. tattvasaMgraha meM 'bIjAdi' ko ora spaSTa batAte hue kahA haisarojakesarAdInAmanvayavyatirekavat / avasthAtizayAkrAntaM biijpNkjlaadikm|| pratyakSAnupalambhAbhyAM nizcitaM kAraNaM yadA / kimityanyastadA heturamISAM paripRcchayate / / - tattva saMgraha kArikA 113, 114 nirhetuktvaasiddheH| tathAhi adhyakSA'nupalambhAbhyAmanvayavyatirekato bIjAdikaM tatkAraNatvena nizcitameva / yasya hi yasmin satyeva yasya bhAvaH yasya ca vikArAd yasya vikAraH tat tasya kAraNamucyate / utsUnAdiviziSTAvasthAprAptaM ca bIjaM kaNTakAditaikSNyA-deranvayavyatirekavat adhyakSA'nupalambhAbhyAM kAraNatayA nizcitamiti 'anupalabhyamAnasattAkaM ca kAraNam' ca iti asiddho hetuH ' 199. 'asadetat, kaNTakAditaiNyAderapi - sanmati tarka, 3.53 kI TIkA, pR. 712 200. yadapi 'kAdAcitkatvAt' iti sAdhanam, tadapi viruddham, sAdhyaviparyayasAdhanAd ahetoH kAdAcitkatvAnupapatteH / sAdhyavikalazca dRSTAntaH ahetukatvasya - sanmati tarka, 3.53 kI TIkA, pR 713 tatrApyabhAvAt / 201. tattva saMgraha meM sparza ko cakSurvijJAna kA paramparAgata kAraNa tathA rUpa ko sAkSAt kAraNa batAte hue kahA hai- 'kevalaM sAkSAtpAraMparyakRto vizeSaH ' / -tattva saMgraha, kA. 113 - 114 kI paJjikA pR,63

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svabhAvavAda 229 202. yadapi 'kAryakAraNabhAvalakSaNaM vyabhicArI' ityuktam, tadapi asiddham sparzasyApi rUpahetutayA cakSurvijJAne nimittatayA iSTatvAt tamantareNa rUpasyaiva vishissttaavsthsyaasNbhvaat| -sanmati tarka,3.53 kI TIkA,pR 712 203. "na ca vyatirekamAtraM kAryakAraNabhAvanibandhanatvena abhyupagamyate tadvAdibhiH kintu tadvizeSa eva / tathAhi samartheSu satsu yeSu kArya bhavad upalabdham teSAM madhye anyatamasyApi abhAve tad abhavat tatkAraNaM tad iti vyavasthApyate na tu yasyAbhAve yanna bhavatIti vyatirekamAtrataH, anyathA mAtRvivAhocitapArazIkadezaprabhavasya piNDarakhajUrasya tadvivAhAbhAve avyabhicAraH syaat| na caivaMbhUtasya vyatirekasya sparzena vyabhicAraH na hi rUpAdisaMnidhAnamupadarzya sparzasya ekasyAbhAvAt cakSurvijJAnaM na bhavatIti zakyaM darzayitumiti kuto vyabhicAraH kAryakAraNabhAvalakSaNasya?" -sanmati tarka, 3.53 kI TIkA pR 712 204. niyatau dezakAlau ca bhAvAnAM bhavataH kthm| yadi taddhetutA naiSAM syuste sarvatra srvdaa|| kvacitkadAcitkasmiMzcidbhavanto niyatAH punH| tatsApekSA bhavantyete tdnyprihaartH|| -tattva saMgraha kArikA 115,116 205. na kevalaM bIjAdiH kAraNatvena bhAvAnAM nizcita: kintu desh-kaalaadirpi| tathAhi yadi pratiniyatadezakAlahetutA kaNTakAdestaikSNyAderna syAt tadA yeyamataddezakAlaparihAreNa pratiniyatadeza-kAlatA teSAmupalambhagocaracAriNI sA na syAt tannirapekSatvAt tadvad anyadezakAlA api te bhaveyuH na caivam ataH pratiniyatadezAdau vartamAnAstadapekSAsta iti siddham tathA ca tatkAryA apekSAlakSaNatvAt tatkAryatvasya niyatadezatayA ca teSAM vRttiradhyakSata eva siddhati kathaM na tatkAryatAvagatiH? -sanmati tarka 3.53 TIkA pR.713 206. 'jJApako heturiti| trirUpaM liGga. svaarthaanumaankaale| vaco veti| praarthaanumaankaale| ttprkaashkmiti| tasya hetoH prkaashkm| siddheriti| prmeyaarthnishcysy| anyathA yadi siddherapi nimittabhAvaM na yAyAttadA kathaM na jJApakaM bhvet| eMva hi sarva sarvasya jJApakaM prsjyte'| -tattva saMgraha kArikA 125 kI paMjikA 207. na ca jJApakahetUpanyAse'pi kArakahetupratikSepavAdino na svapakSabAdhA iti vaktavyam yato liGgaM tatpratipAdakaM vA vaco yadi pakSasiddherutpAdakaM na bhavet kathaM tasya jJApakahetutA syAt anyathA sarvasya sarva prati jJApakatA prsjyet| na caivaM kAraka-jJApakahetvoravizeSaH sAdhyAnutpAdakasya jJApakahetvAt tadutpAdakasya tu kArakahetuzabdavAcyatvAt anumAnabAdhitattvaM ca pratijJAyAH spssttmev| tathAhi

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230 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa pratiniyatabhAvasaMnidhau ye pratiniyatajanmAnaste sahetukAH yathA bhavatprayuktasAdhanasaMnidhibhAvitatsAdhyArthajJAnam tathA ca mayUracandrakAdayo bhAvAH iti svbhaavhetuH| tanna svabhAvaikAntavAdAbhyupagamo yuktisNgtH|' ___ - sanmati tarka 3.53 kI TIkA, pR.714 208. sanmati tarka 3.53 kI TIkA, pR.713 209. sarvAdRSTizca sandigdhA svaadRssttiy'bhicaarinnii| vindhyAdirandhradUradRSTAvapi sattvataH / / -tattvasaMgraha, kArikA 122 210. 'kiJca, anupalabdhirhetutvena upAdIyamAnA svopalambhanivRttirUpA vA upAdIyeta, sarvapuruSopalambhanivRttisvabhAvA vA? tatra na tAvad AdyaH pakSaH khalabilAdyantargatasya bIjAdeH svopalambhanivRttAvapi sttaaanivRtterhetornaikaantiktvaat| atha dvitIyapakSaH so'pi na yuktaH hetorasiddheH na hi mayUracandrakAdeH sarvapuruSairadRSTaM kAraNaM nopalabhyate ityarvAgdRzA nizcetuM shkym|' - sanmati tarka 3.53 kI TIkA pR.713 211. ahetukatvasiddhayartha na ceddhetuH pryujyte| na cApramANikI siddhirataH pakSo na siddhyti|| tatsiddhaye ca hetuzcetprayujyeta tathA'pi n| siddhestaddhetujanyatvAtpakSaste sNprsiddhyti|| - tattvasaMgraha, kArikA 123,124 212. kiJca 'nirhetukA bhAvAH' ityatra heturupAdIyate, ahosvit neti? yadi nopAdIyate tadA na svapakSasiddhiH pramANamantareNa tasyA ayogaat| atha heturupAdIyate tadA svAbhyupagamavirodhaH pramANajanyatayA svpksssiddherbhyupgmaat| -sanmati tarka,3.53 kI TIkA, pR.713 213. (ka) sanmati tarka, 3.53 kI TIkA pR.713-714 (kha) tattvasaMgraha kArikA 123-124 kI TIkA, pR.66 (ga) zAstravArtA samuccaya,stabaka 2,zloka 76 kI TIkA pR, 92 214. tattvasaMgraha, svAbhAvika jagadvAda parIkSA, zloka 110, pR. 62 215. 'nanu ye svata eva bhAvA bhavantIti varNayanti,tebhya eSAM ko bheda ityAha-te hiityaadi| te svabhAvavAdinaH svmiti| svruupm| apishbdaatprruupmpi| pUrvakAstu svabhAvaM kAraNamicchanti, ete tamapi necchantIti bhedaH' -tattvasaMgraha, svAbhAvika jagadvAda parIkSA, kArikA 110 kI paMjikA TIkA 216. tattvasaMgraha, svAbhavika jagadvAda parIkSA, zloka 111

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svabhAvavAda 231 217. tattvasaMgraha, svAbhAvika jagadvAda parIkSA, zloka 112 218. srojkesraadiinaamnvyvytirekvt| avasthAtizayAkrAntaM biijpNkjlaadikm|| pratyakSAnupalambhAbhyAM nizcitaM kAraNaM ydaa| kimityanyastadA heturamISAM pripRcchyte|| -tattvasaMgraha svAbhAvika jagadvAda, parIkSA pR. 63,kArikA 113,114 219. yaccApyuktaM kAryakAraNalakSaNaM vyabhicArIti, tdsiddhm| sparzasyApi rUpahetutayA cakSurvijJAne'pi nimittbhaavsyesstttvaat| tathAhi-sparza iti bhuutaanyucynte| tAni copAdAyopAdAya rUpaM vartate, tatazcakSurvijJAnaM prati sparzasya nimittbhaavo'styev| kevalaM sAkSAtpAraMparyakRto vishessH| -tattvasaMgraha, svAbhAvika jagadvAda parIkSA pR. 63 220. na cApi vyatirekamAtramasmAbhiH kaarykaarnnbhaavnishcyhetutvenaabhyupgtm| kiM tarhi? vishissttmev| tathAhi yeSu satsu samartheSu tadanyeSu hetuSu yasyaikasyAbhAvAdyanna bhavati tattasya kAraNamiti vrnnyte| na tu yasyAbhAve yanna bhavatIti vytirekmaatrm| anyathA mAtRvivAhocitadezajanmanaH piNDakhajUrasya mAtRvivAhAbhAve stybhaavprsnggaat| na caivaMbhUtasya vyatirekasya sparzana vybhicaaro'sti| tathAhi yadi rUpAdisannidhAnaM pradarzya sparzasyaikasyAbhAvAccacakSurvijJAnaM na bhavatItyevaM pradaryeta tadA syAdvayabhicAro na caitacchakyaM prdrshyitum| ato nAsti kAryakAraNabhAvalakSaNasya vyaabhicaarH| - tattvasaMgraha, svAbhAvika jagadvAda parIkSA, zloka 113,114 kI paMjikA TIkA 221. tattvasaMgraha,svAbhAvika jagadvAda parIkSA, zloka 115 222. 'yadi hi rAjIvAdInAM taddhetutA-pratiniyatadezakAlahetutA na syAt,tadA yeyamupalAdidezaparihAreNa salilAdAveva pratiniyatadeze vRttiH, yA ca zizirAdisamayaparihAreNa nidAghAdisamaye vRtiH,sA na praapnoti| kiM tu sarvatra deze kAle ca te rAjIvAdayo bhAvA bhaveyustannirapekSatvAt tadanyadezakAlaparihArAniyamena pratiniyatadezAdau vartamAnAstatsApekSA bhavantIti nishciiyte'| -tattvasaMgraha, svAbhAvika jagadvAda parIkSA,zloka 115,116 kI paMjikA 223. tattvasaMgraha,svAbhAvika jagadvAda parIkSA, zloka 117 224. tadanyadezAdiparihAreNa niyate dezAdau yA vRttiriyamevApekSetyucyate....yeyaM tathAvRtti lakSaNA'pekSA saiva ttkaarytocyte| sA ca tathAvRttireSAM kathaM siddheti cedaahprtykssetyaadi| -tattvasaMgraha, svAbhAvikajagadvAda parIkSA,zloka117 kI paMjikA

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232 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 225. tattvasaMgraha, svAbhAvika jagadvAda parIkSA, zloka118 226. yatpunaH sukhAdInAmahetukatvasAdhanAya kAdAcitkatvAditi sAdhanamuktaM tatsAdhyaviparIta- saadhnviruddhm| ahetoranapekSasya kaadaacitktvaanupptteH| dRSTAntasya ca sAdhyavikalateti bhaavH| / - tattva saMgraha, svAbhAvika jagadvAda parIkSA, zloka.118 kI paMjikA 227. yadyanupalambhamAtraM hetutvenopAdIyate tdaa'naikaantiktaa| yato mAnAbhAvena pramANAbhAvamAtreNa hetunA naivArthasattAyA abhAvanizcayaH' -tattvasaMgraha,svAbhAvika jagadvAda parIkSA zloka119 kI paMjikA 228. vyApako hi svabhAvo nivartamAnaH svaM vyApyaMnivarttayati, kAraNaM vA kaarym| tatra tAdAtmyatadutpattibhyAM vyApyakAryayoH prtibddhtvaat| na ca pramANArthasattayorabhedo bhinnaabhaastvaat| nApi pramANarthasya kAraNaM vybhicaaraat| pramANamantareNApi bhaavaat| tathAhi-dezakAlasvabhAvaviprakRSTAnAmarthAnAM pramANenAviSayIkRtAnAmapi sttvmviruddhmev| na ca yena vinA'pi yadbhavati tattasya kAraNaM yuktmtiprsnggaat| kAraNatvAbhyupagame vA svpkssprityaagH| tadudbhavAcca na prmaannmrthsttaakaarnnm| tathAhi-arthAdeva vissybhuutaatprmaannmudbhvti| na punaH prmaannaatpremeyo'rthH| -tattvasaMgraha,svAbhAvika jagadvAda parIkSA, zloka 120 kI paMjikA 229. tattvasaMgraha,jagatsvAbhAvavAda parIkSA, kArikA 122 230. 'api cAnupalabdherhetutvenopAdIyamAnA sarvapuruSopalambhanivRttilakSaNA vopAdIyate? svopalambhanivRttilakSaNA vA? na tAvadAdhA, tasyA agdirzanena nizcetumazakyatayA sNdigdhtvaat| na hi sarvaiH puruSairmayUracandrikAdInAmadRSTaM kAraNaM nopalabhyata ityatrAgdirzinaH kiMcidasti prmaannm| yA'pi svenAdRSTiHsA vyabhicAriNI, kasmAt? girikuharAntargatasya dUrvApravAla zilAzakalAderanupalabdhasyApi satvataH stvvirodhaadityrthH| tanna nizcitamevAsattvaM sndehaat| -tattvasaMgraha,svAbhAvika jagadvAda parIkSA, zloka 122 kI paMjikA 231. ahetukatvasiddhyartha na ceddhetuH pryujyte| na cApramANikI siddhirataH pakSo na siddhyti| tatsiddhaye ca hetuzcetaprayujyeta tathA'pi n| siddhesta tujanyatvAtpakSaste sNprsiddhyti|| -tattvasaMgraha, svAbhAvika jagadvAda parIkSA zloka 123,124 232. tattvasaMgraha,svAbhAvikajagadvAda parIkSA,zloka125 233. 'jJApako'pi kAraka eva jnyaanhetutvaaditi| etena svavacanavirodha udbhaavyte| -tattvasaMgraha, svAbhAvika jagadvAda parIkSA,zloka126 kI paMjikA

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234. bhagavatI sUtra, zataka 8, uddezaka 1 235. 'zAzvata' meM AcArya mahAprajJa ke lekha se 236. bhagavatI sUtra, abhayadevavRtti, zataka 1 meM 237. sthAnAMga sUtra, dvitIya sthAna, tRtIya uddezaka, pudgala pada 238. abhrAdiSviva pudralAH saMhanyante - sambadhyante, karmakartRprayogo'yaM, pareNa vA puruSAdinA vA saMhanyante - saMhatAH kriyante, karmmaprayogo'yaM evaM bhidyante vighaTante / - sthAnAMga sUtra, abhayadeva vRtti, dvitIya sthAna, tRtIya uddeza, pudgala pada svabhAvavAda 233 239. sUtrakRtAMga TIkA, pR. 251 240. samAdhitantra, zloka 30, uddhRta nayacakra ke pRSTha 3 se 241. naivAsato janma sato na nAzo / dIpastamaH pudgalabhAvato'sti / / - svayaMbhUstotra 242. rAjavArtika, 7/12/2/539/8, uddhRta jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga caturtha, pR. 506 243. kasAyapAhuDa, 1/4, 22/623/387/3 uddhRta jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga caturtha, pR. 506 244. pravacanasAra, gAthA 99 245. davvaguNapajjayattho attho atthittaNivvatto- pravacanasAra, zloka 10 246. sambhAvo hi sahAvo guNehiM sagapajjaehiM cittehiM / davvassa savvakAlaM uppAdavvayadhuvattehiM / / - pravacanasAra, gAthA 96 247. apariccattasahAveNuppAdavyayadhuvattasaMbaddhaM / guNavaM ca sapajjAyaM jaM taM davvaM ti vuccaMti / / - pravacanasAra, gAthA, 95 248. davva sahAvasiddhaM saditi jiNA taccado smvrvaadaa| - pravacanasAra, gAthA 98 249. pravacanasAra, gAthA 10 para tattvapradIpikA TIkA 250. pravacanasAra, gAthA 98 para amRtacandrAcArya viracita TIkA 251. svabhAvasiddhatvaM tu teSAmanAdinidhanatvAt / anAdinidhanaM hi na sAdhanAntaramapekSate / - pravacanasAra, gAthA 98 kI TIkA 252. pravacanasAra, gAthA 64 253. "yeSAM jIvadavasthAni hatakAnIndriyANi na nAma teSAmupAdhipratyayaM duHkham, kintu svAbhAvikameva viSayeSu ratekhalokanAt / avalokyate hi teSAM stamberamasya

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234 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa kareNukuTTanIgAtrasparzA iva, sapharasya baDizAmiSasvAda iva, indirasya saMkocasaMmukhAravindAmoda iva, pataMgasya pradIpA rUpa iva, kuraMgasya mRgayugeyasvara iva, durnivArendriyavedanAvazIkRtAnAmAsannanipAteSvapi vissyessvbhipaatH| yadi punarna teSAM duHkhaM svAbhAvikamabhyupagamyeta tadopazAMtazItajvarasya saMsvedanamiva, prahINadAhajvarasyAranAlapariSeka iva, nivRttanetrasaMrambhasya vaTAcUrNAvacUrNamiva, vinaSTakarNazUlasya bastapUraNamiva, rUDhavaNasyAlepanadAnamiva, viSayavyApAro na dRshyte| dRzyate caasau| tataH svabhAvabhUtaduHkhayogina eva jIvadindriyAH prokssjnyaaninH"| -pravacanasAra gAthA 64 kI TIkA 254. pravacanasAra, gAthA 66 255. nayacakra, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, zloka 4 256. 'siddhAntAcArya paM. phUlacandra zAstrI abhinandana grantha', caturtha khaNDa, svabhAva parabhAvavicAra, pR. 298 257. sarvArthasiddhi, adhyAya 5, sUtra 7 kI TIkA 258. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 478 kA aMza 259. 'zAnti patha pradarzana', darzana khaNDa, adhyAya 11, pR. 64 260. nayacakra, gAthA 58 261. AlApa paddhati, svabhAva vyutpatti adhikAra, sUtra 106 262. AlApa paddhati, svabhAva vyutpatti adhikAra, sUtra 107 263. AlApa paddhati, svabhAva vyutpatti adhikAra, sUtra 108 264. AlApa paddhati, svabhAva vyutpatti adhikAra, sUtra 109 265. AlApa paddhati, svabhAva vyutpatti adhikAra, sUtra 110 266. AlApa paddhati, svabhAva vyutpatti adhikAra, sUtra 111 267. AlApa paddhati, svabhAva vyutpatti adhikAra, sUtra 112 268. AlApa paddhati, svabhAva vyutpatti adhikAra, sUtra 113 269. AlApa paddhati, svabhAva vyutpatti adhikAra, sUtra 114 270. AlApa paddhati, svabhAva vyutpatti adhikAra, sUtra 115 271. AlApa paddhati, svabhAva vyutpatti adhikAra, sUtra 116

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svabhAvavAda 235 272. nayacakra, zloka 59 273. nayacakra, zloka 63 kA aMza 274. nayacakra, zloka 63 kA aMza 275. nayacakra, zloka 63 kA aMza 276. nayacakra, zloka 63 kA aMza 277. nayacakra, zloka 64 kA aMza 278. nayacakra, zloka 64 279. nayacakra, zloka 64 280. nayacakra, zloka 65 281. nayacakra, zloka 65 282. nayacakra, zloka 65 283. 'guNAvikArAH pryaayaaH|' -AlApa paddhati, paryAya adhikAra, sUtra 15 284. te dvedhaa| artha-vyaMjanaparyAya. bhedaat| arthaparyAyAH dvividhAH svbhaavvibhaavbhedaat|| -AlApa paddhati, paryAya adhikAra, sUtra 15,16 285. 'yogazAstra para dainika pravacana' -saMkalanakartA-muni jagatcandra vijaya (pravacana panyAsa zrI dharaNendrasAgara jI ma.sA.) 806, caupAsanI ror3a, jodhapura, adhyAya 17 286. harivaMza purANa, pRSTha 189, zloka 13 287. gItA 5.14 288. mahAbhArata, zAMti parva, 232.19 289. mahAbhArata, zAMti parva, 222.23 290. mahAbhArata, zAMti parva, 237.5 291. buddhacarita, sarga 9, zloka 58 292. buddhacarita, sarga 9, zloka 62 293. bRhatsaMhitA, adhyAya 1, sUtra 7 294. sAMkhyakArikA, 55

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236 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 295. sAMkhyatattva kaumudI, kArikA 55 kI jyotiSamatI vyAkhyA 296. nyAyadarzana, adhyayana 4, ahnika 1,sUtra 22 297. vAkyapadIya, vAkya kANDa, kArikA 149 298. tattva saMgraha, zloka 111 299. praznavyAkaraNa sUtra, adharma dvAra, mRSAvAdI, sUtra 7 para abhayadeva vRtti 300. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 58 kA aMza 301. AcArAMga sUtra 1.1.1.3 kI zIlAMka TIkA 302. dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 222 303. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1643 kI TIkA 304. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 76 305. sanmati tarka 3.53 para abhayadeva TIkA

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caturtha adhyAya niyativAda - utthApanikA bhAratIya darzana kI paramparA meM kAraNa-kArya para gahana vicAra huA hai| maMkhaligozAlaka kI AjIvaka sampradAya kA mAnanA thA ki sabhI kArya niyati se hI sampanna hote haiN| prAcIna vAGmaya kA adhyayana karane para vidita hotA hai ki niyativAda maMkhaliputra gozAlaka kI mAnyatA ke rUpa meM hI nahIM, apitu bhAratIya manISiyoM kI bahusammata mAnyatA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita rahA hai| Agama, tripiTaka, upaniSad, purANa, saMskRta mahAkAvya evaM nATakoM meM bhI niyati ke mahattva ko spaSTa karane vAle ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| sUrya kA udaya-asta honA aura usake sAtha kamala kA khilanA-muAnA, agni kA uSNa honA aura Urdhvagamana karanA, jala kA zItala honA, kramazaH dina-rAta kA honA, miTTI se hI ghar3A bananA, babUla ke bIja se babUla aura Ama ke bIja se Ama hI uganA, kA~ToM kA tIkhA honA, phUloM kA komala honA, sardI ke bAda garmI aura garmI ke bAda varSA Rtu kA AnA, patajhar3a ke mausama meM patte giranA, caitra meM navIna koMpala phUTanA, sAvana meM barasAta kA honA, janma ke sAtha mRtyu kA nizcita honA, mAnava se mAnava kA paidA honA, A~kha se hI dekhanA, kAna se hI sunanA, nAka se hI sUMghanA, nakSatroM kA eka krama se badalanA, sUraja kA garama honA aura cA~da kA zItala honA, candramA kA krama se ghaTanAbar3hanA, pratyeka dravya kA paryAya-pariNamana honA Adi dRzyamAna ghaTanAoM aura kAryoM meM niyamitatA, kramikatA aura nizcitatA ko dekhakara niyati ke atirikta anya kAraNa ko svIkAra karanA azakya pratIta hotA hai| isa prakAra niyatimAtra kI kAraNatA kA kathana karanA niyativAda hai| niyativAda kI mAnyatA hai ki jagat meM niyati hI sabakA kAraNa hai aura samasta karmoM kA sAdhana hai| AdikAvya rAmAyaNa meM kahA gayA hai- 'niyatiH kAraNaM loke, niyatiH karmasAdhanam' arthAt saMsAra meM niyati hI kAraNa hai aura niyati hI karma kA sAdhana hai| sUtrakRtAMga aura praznavyAkaraNa kI TIkA meM tathA sanmatitarka, zAstravArtA samuccaya, upadezapada mahAgrantha, lokatattva nirNaya Adi dArzanika granthoM meM jahA~ kahIM niyativAda kA mantavya prastuta huA hai, vahA~ nimna zloka niyativAda ke darpaNa ke rUpa meM aMkita huA hai

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238 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa prAptavyo niyatinalAzrayeNa yo'rthaH, so'vazyaM bhavati nRNAM zubho'zubho vaa| bhUtAnAM mahati kRte'pi hi prayatne, nAbhAvyaM bhavati na bhAvino'sti naashH|| jo padArtha niyati ke bala ke Azraya se prAptavya hotA hai vaha zubha yA azubha padArtha manuSyoM (jIva-mAtra) ko avazya prApta hotA hai| prANiyoM ke dvArA mahAn prayatna karane para bhI abhAvya kabhI nahIM hotA hai tathA bhAvI kA nAza nahIM hotA hai| inhIM bhAvoM kA pratirUpa zloka mahAbhArata meM bhI upalabdha hai yathA yathAsya prAptavyaM prApnotTova tathA tthaa| bhavitavyaM yathA yacca bhavatyeva tathA tthaa||' puruSa ko jo vastu jisa prakAra milane vAlI hotI hai, vaha usI prakAra mila hI jAtI hai| jisakI jaisI honahAra hotI hai, vaha vaisI hotI hI hai| hitopadeza meM bhI daiva kA svarUpa pratipAdita karate hue inhIM bhAvoM se saMpRkta zloka upalabdha hotA hai| veda meM spaSTa rUpa se niyativAda viSayaka koI bhI sUkta yA mantra samupalabdha nahIM hai| kintu paM. madhusUdana ojhA ne nAsadIya sUkta ke AdhAra para daza vAdoM kA utthApana kiyA hai, usameM aparavAda ke antargata niyativAda kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| upaniSad vAGmaya meM niyativAda kA spaSTa ullekha samprApta hotA hai| zvetAzvataropaniSada meM vaidika kAlIna mata ke rUpa meM tathA mahopaniSad va bhAvopaniSad meM niyAmaka tattva ke rUpa meM niyati kA pratipAdana huA hai|" 'durvArA hi bhavitavyatA', 'durlaGghyaM bhavitavyatA uktiyoM se harivaMza purANa meM bhI niyativAda kI puSTi spaSTa dikhAI detI hai| vartamAna paristhiti meM bhavitavya kI prabalatA kAraNa hai-aisA mantavya vAmana purANa meM prastuta hai| nAradIya purANa meM samasta jagat ko daiva arthAta niyati ke adhIna kahA hai- 'daivAdhInamidaM sarva jagatsthAvara jaMgamam" uttama kula meM janma, puruSArtha, Arogya, saundarya, saubhAgya, upabhoga, apriya vastuoM ke sAtha saMyoga, atyanta priya vastuoM kA viyoga, artha, anartha, sukha aura duHkha ina sabakI prApti prArabdha ke vidhAna ke anusAra hotI hai| yahA~ taka ki prANiyoM kI utpatti, dehAvasAna, lAbha aura hAni meM bhI prArabdha hI pravRtta hotA hai- ina vicAroM se kalita zloka mahAbhArata meM prApta hote haiN|' AcArya mammaTa dvArA racita kAvyaprakAza ke TIkAkAroM ne asAdhAraNa dharma ke niyAmaka tattva, karma ke apara paryAya, adRSTa, niyAmaka zakti aura daiva ke rUpa meM

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niyativAda 239 'niyati' zabda kI vyAkhyA kI hai| 'zakto na ko'pi bhavitavyavilaMghanAyAm' arthAt bhavitavyatA kA ullaMghana karane kA sAmarthya kisI meM nahIM hai- aisA kalhaNa kA mAnanA hai| niyati ke abhiprAya meM saMskRta yuga meM bhavitavyatA zabda adhika pracalana meM thA, aisA saMskRta granthoM meM bahulatA se prayukta bhavitavya zabda pratIti karAtA hai| zAkuntalam kI kucha sUktiyA~ niyati ke saMbaMdha meM atyadhika lokapriya haiM'bhavitavyAnAM dvArANi bhavanti sarvatra', 'bhavitavyatA khalu blvtii'|deg paMcatantra aura hitopadeza meM bhavitavyatA ko aTala batAyA gayA hai| saMskRta sAhitya meM niyati ke lie daiva, bhavitavyatA, bhAgya aura vidhi zabdoM ke prayoga dekhe jAte haiN| ___dArzanika sAhitya ke antargata mukhya rUpa se jaina aura bauddha granthoM meM hI niyati kI carcA samapalabdha hai| zaiva darzana meM niyati ko eka tattva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yogavAsiSTha meM niyati ke paryAya mAne jAne vAle daiva aura niyati kA pRthak-pRthak svarUpa pratipAdita huA hai| isa grantha meM 'niyati' kArya evaM padArthoM ke svabhAva kI nizcitatA yA bhavitavyatA ke rUpa meM tathA 'daiva' pUrvakRta karma ke rUpa meM pratiSThita huA hai| yahA~ niyati ke sAtha puruSArtha kA yoga mAnate hue niyativAda kA nirasana bhI kiyA gayA hai| 'niyatisaMgatibhAvapariNatA chasvevAbhijAtIsu sukhadukkhaM paTisaMvedenti' 12 arthAt niyati ke saMga ke bhAva se pariNata hokara 6 prakAra kI abhijAtiyoM meM sukhaduHkha kA saMvedana karate haiN| ina bhAvoM se saMvalita bauddha tripiTaka meM dIghanikAya ke prathama bhAga meM maMkhali gozAlaka kA mata prastuta huA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra aura buddha ke samaya meM AjIvaka mata pracalita thA aura usakA praNetA maMkhali gozAlaka thaa| cUMki ye matAvalambI sabhI kArya niyatijanya svIkAra karate the, ata: niyativAdI ke nAma se pahacAne jAne lge| Agama yuga aura vaidika kAla meM niyati ke sadRza vibhinna kAraNatA ke siddhAnta pracalana meM the, jinakA ullekha praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM 'mRSAvAda'93 ke antargata tathA zvetAzvataropaniSad meM prApta hotA hai| jo siddhAnta adhika vikasita hue, unake hI pRthak grantha race ge| kintu vartamAna meM ve prApta nahIM hote haiN| sAtha meM ina granthoM ke racayitA ke nAma bhI lupta ho ge| jaise niyati ko kAraNa mAnane vAle AjIvaka matAvalambI the, saMbhAvanA hai ki vaise hI kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda siddhAnta ke matAvalambI rahe hoNge| cUMki inakI paramparA naSTa ho gaI to ye siddhAnta hI una matAvalambiyoM kI pahacAna bana ge| mata kA rUpAntaraNa siddhAnta meM hone se AjIvaka mata bhI niyativAda ke nAma se dArzanika jagata meM prasiddha ho gyaa|

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jainadarzana meM kAraNa- kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa maMkhali gozAlaka ke mAnya siddhAntoM kA koI likhita vyAkhyA grantha nahIM hai| isa sthiti meM jaina-bauddha AgamoM meM prApta maMkhali gozAlaka kI carcA hI niyativAda ko prakAzita karane kA pramukha mAdhyama hai| sUtrakRtAMga, bhagavatI aura upAsakadazAMga jaise pramukha jainAgamoM meM niyativAda kA upasthApana huA hai| kriyAvAdI - akriyAvAdI ko niyati ke adhIna svIkAra karate hue sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA hai- 'je ya purise kiriyamAikkhar3a, je ya purise NokiriyamAikkhar3a, do vi te purisA tullA egaTThA kaarnnmaavnnaa| arthAt niyati kI preraNA se kriyAvAdI kriyA kA samarthana karatA hai aura akriyAvAdI akriyA kA pratipAdana karatA hai| niyati ke adhIna hone ke kAraNa ye donoM hI samAna haiM / bhagavatI sUtra ke 15 veM zataka meM niyativAda ke nirUpaka gozAlaka kA vistAra se paricaya samprApta hotA hai / upAsakadazAMga sUtra meM AjIvaka mata ke upAsaka sakaDAlaputra kA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAtha saMvAda samupalabdha hai| 15 16 240 AcArAMga sUtra aura sUtrakRtAMga kI zIlAMka TIkAoM meM bhI vibhinna koNoM se niyativAda kA nirUpaNa milatA hai / nandIsUtra kI avacUri meM likhA hai niyatenaiva rUpeNa, sarve bhAvA bhavaMti yat / tato niyatijA hote, tatsvarUpAnuvedhataH / / 7 niyata rUpa se hI saba padArtha utpanna hote haiN| isalie ye apane svarUpa se niyatija hai| avacUri meM Ae niyativAda ke aMza ko hI haribhadra sUri ne SaDdarzanasamuccaya meM uddhRta kiyA hai / 18 siddhasena divAkara ne dvAtriMzat - dvAtriMzikA ke antargata solahavIM dvAtriMzikA niyati para hI racI hai, jisakA nAma 'niyati dvAtriMzikA ' hai / isa dvAtriMzikA meM AcArya siddhasena ne niyativAda kI siddhi meM kartRtvavAda kA khaNDana aura niyativAda kA svarUpa prastuta kiyA hai| isameM vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki niyati zabda kA eka bAra ke prayoga ke binA bhI isameM sampUrNa niyativAda ko prastuta kara lekhaka ne apanI lekhanI kI adbhutatA prakaTa kI hai| 'gAgara meM sAgara' ukti ko caritArtha karane vAle isa dvAtriMzikA ke zlokoM kA sundara evaM saTIka vivecana AcArya vijayalAvaNya sUri ne apanI TIkA meM kiyA hai| AcArya haribhadrasUri (8vIM zatI) ne bhI yathAprasaMga niyativAda kA svarUpa apane granthoM meM udghATita kiyA hai| zAstravArtAsamuccaya, dharmasaMgrahaNi, lokatattva nirNaya, SaDdarzana samuccaya Adi granthoM meM niyativAda ke nirUpaNa ke sAtha nirasana bhI

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niyativAda 241 prApta hotA hai| isake atirikta mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa (5vIM zatI) ne dvAdazAranayacakra meM, zIlAMkAcArya (9-10vIM zatI) ne sUtrakRtAMga TIkA meM, abhayadevasUri (10vIM zatI) ne tattvabodhavidhAyinI meM aura navAMgI TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri (11vIM zatI) va jJAnavimalasUri ne praznavyAkaraNa kI TIkA meM sabala takoM dvArA niyativAda ko mithyA siddha kiyA hai| ___bIsavIM zatI meM kSullaka jinendravarNI ne dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva rUpa catuSTaya se samudita kAryavyavasthA ko 'niyati' kahA hai| kAla kI apekSA se niyati ko kAlalabdhi bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| kAlalabdhi jaina pAribhASika zabda hai jo niyati yA kAla kI kathaMcit kAraNatA ko mAnya karatA huA puruSArtha Adi ke lie mArga prazasta karatA hai| adhyAya meM kathaMcit niyati ko jaina darzana meM svIkAra karate hue kAlalabdhi, sarvajJatA aura kramabaddhaparyAya ko ekAnta niyativAda se pRthak siddha kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki jaina darzana meM niyati ko kAraNa mAnate hue bhI usameM kAla, svabhAvAdi anya kAraNoM ko bhI sthAna diyA gayA hai| niyativAda ke sAtha pUrvakRta karma aura puruSArtha para bhI cintana kiyA gayA hai| gommaTasAra karmakANDa aura svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA meM dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva ke catuSTaya se niyati ko vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai| svayambhUstotra-tattvapradIpikA meM upAdAna zakti ko bhavitavyatA kA nAma diyA gayA hai aura kahA gayA hai'alaGghyazaktirbhavitavyateyaM hetudvayAviSkRtakAryaliMgA2deg arthAt upAdAna aura nimitta ina donoM hetuoM dvArA utpanna hone vAle kArya se jisakA jJAna hotA hai, aisI bhavitavyatA durnivAra hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne niyati ko jAgatika niyama, sArvabhauma niyama yA yUnivarsala laoN ke rUpa meM samAdata kiyA hai| yahA~ niyativAda ke prarUpaka gozAlaka kA paricaya dene ke anantara veda, upaniSad, purANa, rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata, saMskRta kAvya, nATaka Adi vibhinna granthoM ke AdhAra para niyativAda kA pratipAdana karate hue bauddha aura jainadarzana meM mAnya 'niyati' ke svarUpa kI carcA kI jaaegii| phira jaina darzana ke granthoM meM carcita niyativAda kA nirUpaNa kara unakA nirasana prastuta kiyA jaaegaa| niyativAda ke prarUpaka gozAlaka- eka paricaya jainAgama vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra ke pandrahaveM zataka meM niyativAda ke nirUpaka gozAlaka kA vistAra se paricaya samprApta hotA hai| usI ke AdhAra para yahA~ vivecana kiyA jA rahA hai

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242 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa mAtA-pitA kA paricaya, janmasthAna evaM AjIvikopArjana gozAlaka ke pitA maMkhalI aura mAtA bhadrA thI / bhikSAvRtti dvArA apanA jIvana yApana karate hue maMkhalI va bhadrA kramazaH grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa karate hue zaravaNa nAmaka sanniveza ke gobahula brAhmaNa kI gozAlA meM aae| varSAvAsa ke anantara bhadrA ne eka sukumAra putra ko janma diyaa| vaha bhI bar3A hokara maMkha vRtti (bhikSA vRtti) se apanA jIvana vyatIta karane lgaa| mahAvIra se prathama milana evaM unakA ziSyatva vaha grAmoM meM vicaraNa karatA huA rAjagRha nagara ke nAlaMdA pAr3A ke bAharI bhAga meM tantuvAya zAlA meM rukaa| yahIM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAtha gozAlaka kA prathama samAgama huaa| phira vaha bhagavAna ke sAtha vicaraNa karane lgaa| vijaya gAthApati ke ghara meM bhagavatpAraNA aura paMcadivya prAdurbhAva dekhakara vaha bhagavAna se atyadhika prabhAvita huA, taba usane kahA- 'tubbhe NaM bhaMte! mamaM dhammAyariyA, ahaM NaM tubbhaM dhammaMtevAsI " arthAt bhagavan! Apa mere dharmAcArya haiM aura maiM ApakA dharmaziSya huuN| usake punaH punaH kahane para bhagavAna ne use apanA ziSya svIkAra kara liyA / 22 taka gozAlaka bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAtha vicaraNa karatA rhaa| bhagavAna dvArA tejolezyA se gozAlaka kA bacAva R 6 varSa eka bAra bhagavAna vicaraNa karate hue gozAlaka ke sAtha kUrmagrAma nagara meM pdhaare| vahA~ vezyAyana nAmaka tapasvI nirantara chaTha - chaTha (do-do upavAsa) tapa tathA karma karane ke sAtha-sAtha donoM bhujAe~ U~cI rakhakara sUrya ke sammukha khar3e hokara AtApana bhUmi meM AtApanA le rahe the| apane sira se nIce giratI huI juoM ko dayAvaza punaH ve tapasvI mastaka para rakha rahe the| "kyA Apa tattvajJa yA tapasvI muni haiM yA juoM ke zayyAtara haiM?" isa prakAra do-tIna bAra kahakara gozAlaka ne unako cher3A to kupita hokara unhoMne usa para tejolezyA chor3a dii| anukampA ke bhAva se bhagavAna ne usa tejolezyA ke pratisaMharaNa hetu zItala tejolezyA chodd'ii| jisase uSNa tejolezyA kA pratighAta huA aura gozAlaka baca gyaa| tejolezyA - prApti kI vidhi pUchane para bhagavAna batalAte hai- " gozAlaka ! nakhasahita banda kI huI muTThI meM jitane ur3ada ke bAkule AveM tathA eka cullU bhara pAnI se nirantara bele- bele ke tapazcaraNa ke sAtha donoM bhujAe~ U~cI rakhakara AtApanA letA rahatA hai, usa vyakti ko chaha mahIne ke anta meM saMkSipta aura vipula tejolezyA prApta hotI hai| 123

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niyativAda 243 tila ke pAdapa kI ghaTanA aura niyativAda siddhArthagrAma nagara se kUrmagrAma nagara kI ora jAte samaya tila ke eka paudhe ko dekhakara gozAlaka ne bhagavAna se do prazna pUche- 1. kyA yaha tila kA paudhA niSpanna hogA? 2. isake sAta tila puSpoM se jIva mara kara kahA~ utpanna hoMge? bhagavAna ne uttara diyA- yaha niSpanna hogA aura ye sAta tila ke phUla mara kara isI tila ke paudhe kI eka tilaphalI meM sAta tiloM ke rUpa meM utpanna hoNge| gozAlaka ne bhagavAna kI vANI ko mithyA karane hetu usa tila ke paudhe ko miTTI sahita samUla ukhAr3a eka ora phaiMka diyaa| phira vaha bhagavAna ke sAtha Age prasthAna kara gyaa| kucha hI dera bAda AkAza meM bAdala Ae aura barasa ge| jisase tila kA paudhA punaH vahIM sthApita ho gayA aura ve sAta tila ke phUloM ke jIva marakara puna: usI tila ke paudhe kI eka phalI meM sAta tila ke rUpa meM utpanna hue| kucha dinoM pazcAt kUrmagrAma se punaH siddhArthagrAma kI ora jAte hue usa sthAna ke nikaTa Ae, jahA~ vaha tila kA paudhA thaa| usa sthAna para tila kA paudhA na dekhakara maMkhali ne bhagavAna se kahA ki ApakI bAta mithyA siddha huii| taba bhagavAna ne kucha dUrI para vikasita tila ke paudhe ko dikhAkara batAyA ki yaha vahI tila kA paudhA hai jisako ukhAr3akara tUne yahA~ phaiMkA thA aura barasAta se vaha punaH panapa gyaa| isa prakAra yaha tila kA paudhA niSpanna huA tathA ve sAta phUla ke jIva isI tila ke paudhe kI eka tilaphalI meM sAta tila ke rUpa meM utpanna hue| isa prakAra he gozAlaka! vanaspatikAyika jIva marakara usI vanaspatikAyika ke zarIra meM punaH utpanna ho jAte haiN| isa bAta para azraddhA hone se vaha gozAlaka usa tila ke paudhe ke pAsa paha~cA aura usakI tilaphalI ko tor3akara usameM se tila bAhara nikaale| unheM saMkhyA meM sAta dekhakara use yaha nizcaya ho gayA ki jIva marakara puna: usI zarIra meM utpanna hue haiN| isake bAda vaha bhagavAna se alaga hokara apanA nayA AjIvaka mata kA pracAra karane lgaa| pUrvokta prakaraNa se anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki saMbhavata: isI ghaTanA prasaMga ko AdhAra mAnakara gozAlaka ne sabhI vastuoM ko niyatikRta mAna liyA tathA isI mUla se AjIvaka matarUpI vRkSa vikAsa ko prApta huaa| nimittajJa gozAlaka kI paramparA kA pravartana ___ aSTAMga mahAnimittoM kA jJAtA maMkhaliputra gozAlaka sabhI prANoM, sabhI bhUtoM, sabhI jIvoM aura sabhI sattvoM ke lie chaha anatikramaNIya viSaya batAtA thaa| 1. lAbha

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244 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 2. alAbha 3 sukha 4. duHkha 5. jIvana aura 6. mrnn| logoM ke jIvana kI ina chaha bAtoM kA uttara vaha aSTAMga mahAnimitta zAstra ke mAdhyama se detA thA / 24 tejolezyA prApti ke bAda maMkhaliputra gozAlaka ke pAsa 6 dizAcara ziSyabhAva se dIkSita hue - 1. zoNa 2. kananda 3. karNikara 4. acchidra 5. agnivaizyAyana 6. gautama (gomAyu) - putra arjun| inhoMne AjIvaka mata kA khUba pracAra-prasAra kiyA / 25 gozAlaka ko 'jina' hone kA bhrama tathA asatprarUpaNa gozAlaka ahaMkAravaza pralApa karatA hai aura svayaM ko 'jina' kahatA huA nagara meM bhramaNa karatA hai| jaba vaha bhagavAna dvArA apane ajinatva kA prakAzana sunatA hai| to kupita ho jAtA hai| eka bAra kupita hokara vaha bhagavAna kI sabhA meM gayA aura kahA - "jo maMkhaliputra gozAlaka tumhArA ziSya thA, vaha to zukla (pavitra) aura zuklAbhijAta ( pavitra pariNAma vAlA) hokara kAla karake kisI devaloka meM devarUpa meM utpanna ho cukA hai| maiM to kauNDinyAyana gotrIya udAyI huuN| maiMne gautamaputra arjuna ke zarIra kA tyAga kiyA, phira maMkhaliputra gozAlaka ke zarIra meM praveza kiyaa| maMkhaliputra gozAlaka ke zarIra meM praveza karake maiMne yaha sAtavA~ parivRtta parihAra (zarIrAntara praveza ) kiyA hai|" "he AyuSman kAzyapa ! hamAre siddhAnta ke anusAra jo bhI siddha hue haiM, siddha hote haiM athavA siddha hoMge, ve saba (pahale) caurAsI lAkha mahAkalpa ( kAlavizeSa), sAta divya (devabhava), sAta saMyUtha - nikAya, sAta saMjJIgarbha (manuSya - garbhAvAsa), sAta parivRtta - parihAra (usI zarIra meM punaH punaH praveza - utpatti) aura pA~ca lAkha, sATha hajAra chaha sau tIna karmoM ke bhedoM ko anukrama se kSaya karake tatpazcAt siddha hote haiM, buddha hote haiM, mukta hote haiM, nirvANa prApta karate haiM aura samasta duHkhoM kA anta karate haiN| bhUtakAla meM aisA kiyA hai, vartamAna meM karate haiM aura bhaviSya meM aisA kreNge| 26 isa prakAra mukti prakriyA batAte hue maMkhaliputra gozAlaka ko svayaM se bhinna siddha karatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unake ziSyoM para gozAlaka kA kopa bhagavAna mahAvIra usakI bAta asvIkAra karate hue kahate haiM- "tuma vahI maMkhali gozAlaka ho, anya nahIM / " taba vaha atyaMta kruddha hokara AkrozapUrNa vacanoM se bhagavAna kI bhartsanA, apamAna, tiraskAra karatA hai / vahA~ upasthita sarvAnubhUti aNagAra aura sunakSatra aNagAra usakA pratikAra karate haiM to maMkhali gozAlaka una para tejolezyA kA prahAra kara unako bhasma kara detA hai| usake isa kRtya para bhagavAna usako sadupadeza dete haiM, kintu vaha isa bAta se atyadhika kruddha hokara tejolezyA se bhagavAna para prahAra karatA hai| tejolezyA kA prabhAva bhagavAna mahAvIra para nahIM hotA / tejolezyA unakI

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niyativAda 245 pradakSiNA kara Upara AkAza meM calI jAtI hai tathA vahA~ se punaH lauTakara usI maMkhaliputra gozAlaka ke zarIra meM praviSTa ho jAtI hai| zramaNanirgranthoM kI gozAlaka se dharmacarcA gozAlaka ke teja ko lupta aura vinaSTa dekhakara bhagavAna ne zramaNoM ko gozAlaka se dharmasaMbaMdhI vAda-vivAda karane kA Adeza diyaa| zramaNa nirgranthoM ne gozAlaka ke sAtha dharmacarcA kI aura vibhinna yuktiyoM, tarko aura hetuoM se use niruttara kara diyaa| isase prabhAvita hokara AjIvaka sthavira bhagavAna mahAvIra ke Azraya meM rahane lge| isa prakAra zramaNa nirgranthoM ne logoM ke hRdaya meM jinamata ko sthApita kiyaa| vyAkhyAprajJapti ke isa ullekha se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya hI AjIvaka-sampradAya ke loga nirgrantha(jaina) paramparA meM sammilita hone lage the| gozAlaka ko samyaktva kI prApti aura svargagamana maraNAsanna gozAlaka ko jaba manogata saMkalpa samutpanna huA ki- "maiM vAstava meM jina nahIM hU~, tathApi maiM jinapralApI yAvat jina zabda se svayaM ko prakaTa karatA huA vicaratA rahA huuN| aisA cintana karane para samyaktva kI prApti huii| usane apane ziSyoM se kahA ki asatkArapUrvaka mere mRta zarIra kA niSkramaNa krnaa| maraNoparAnta unake kahe anusAra ziSya tIna bAra unake mukha meM thUkakara, rassI se ghasITate hue, dhIme svaroM meM usakI nindA karate hue zrAvastI nagarI ke mArga se le ge| phira unake mRta zarIra ko sugandhita gandhodaka se nahalAyA aura mahAn RddhisatkArasamudAya ke sAtha mRta zarIra kA niSkramaNa kiyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra se gaNadhara gautama dvArA prazna kie jAne para bhagavAna ne batAyA ki gozAlaka kA jIva acyutakalpa devaloka meM utpanna hogA tathA aneka bhavabhramaNa kara anta meM mokSa prApta kregaa| vaidika vAGmaya meM niyati kI carcA : paM. ojhA kA mata niyativAda ke saMbaMdha meM kisI prakAra kA saMketa veda meM prApta nahIM hotA, kintu paM. madhusUdana ojhA ne apanI sUkSmekSikA se nAsadIya sUkta ke AdhAra para jagadutpatti ke saMbaMdha meM daza vAda prastuta kie haiN| usameM aparavAda ke antargata svabhAvavAda ko cAra rUpoM meM prastuta karate hue niyativAda ko usakA eka rUpa batAyA hai tathA usakA svarUpa nimna prakAra se pratipAdita kiyA hai

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246 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa yadaiva yadyAvadatho yato vA tadaiva tattAvadatho tato vaa| prajAyate'sminniyataM niyatyAkrAntaM hi pazyAma idaM smstm||28 jaba bhI, jo, jitanA, jisase, jaise huA hai, taba hI, vaha utanA, usase, vaise hI hotA hai| isa prakAra isa saMsAra meM saba kucha niyata rUpa se utpanna hotA hai aura niyati se AkrAnta hI saba kucha prApta hotA hai| udAharaNa se spaSTa karate hue paM. ojhA ne kahA hai purA tilAt tailamajAyataiva tajjAyate'dyApi janiSyate c| atrApi jAtaM bahudUradezAntare'pi tat tadvadupaiti jnm||" prAcIna kAla meM bhI tiloM se tela hotA thA, Aja bhI hotA hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI hotA rhegaa| yahA~ bhI tiloM se tela hotA hai tathA dUra-dezAntaroM meM bhI hotA rhegaa| niyati ke isa niyama se hI sarvatra padArtha kI utpatti hotI hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki tiloM se tela kA honA eka niyata sArvabhauma tathya hai, jisake sAtha kAla vizeSa aura deza vizeSa kA pratibaMdhaka saMbaMdha nahIM hai| niyativAdiyoM ke anusAra sabhI bhAva niyata rUpa se hote haiN| Izvara ho, aNu ho athavA anya koI bhI ho saba niyati ke vaza meM hai| prAcIna kAla meM pUraNakazyapa Adi katipaya vicArakoM ne niyati ko vizva kA mUla batAyA hai aura yadRcchAvAdiyoM ke mata kA unmUlana kiyA hai|31 paM. madhusUdana ojhA dvArA viracita brahmacatuSpadI ke 'virATa' pariccheda meM niyati ko zakti ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| unhoMne pratyeka vastu ke dharma ko satya tathA usakI zakti ko niyati ke rUpa meM sthApita kiyA hai sa eSa satyaH prativastudharmaH zaktizca saiSA niyatiH prsiddhaa| nollaGaya zaktiM niyatiM ca kiMcit karoti vA jIvati vA kthNcit||32 / pratyeka vastu kA dharma satya hai aura usakI zakti niyati ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai| niyati zakti kA ullaMghana karake na koI kucha kara sakatA hai aura na hI koI jI sakatA hai| upaniSadoM meM niyativAda vedoM ke sAra upaniSadoM meM niyativAda kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| 'kAla: svabhAvo niyatiryadRcchA, bhUtAni yoniH puruSa iti cintyaa| 23

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niyativAda 247 zvetAzvataropaniSad kA yaha maMtra pramANita karatA hai ki vaidika kAla meM niyativAda nAmaka eka siddhAnta astitva meM thaa| yaha niyativAda ekAnta rUpa se niyati ko hI kAraNa mAnatA thaa| niyati ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue zaMkarAcArya ne zAMkarabhASya meM kahA hai- 'niyatiraviSamapuNyapApalakSaNaM karma tadvA kaarnnm| arthAt puNya-pApa rUpa jo aviSama karma haiM, ve niyati kahe jAte haiN| aviSama karma se tAtparya jinakA phala kabhI viparIta nahIM hotaa| mahopaniSad evaM bhAvopaniSad meM bhI niyati zabda kA prayoga upalabdha hotA hai 'niyatiM na vimuMcanti mahAnto bhAskarA iva' -mahopaniSad'5 'niyatisahitAH zRMgArAdayo nava rasAH' -bhAvopaniSad upaniSad ke uparyukta uddharaNoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki niyati eka niyAmaka tattva hai| jisake anusAra vibhinna ghaTanAe~ ghaTita hotI haiN| mahopaniSad ke vAkya meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra sUrya niyati ko nahIM chor3atA hai, niyata samaya para udaya evaM asta ko prApta hotA hai| usI prakAra mahAn puruSa niyati ke niyAmakatva ko nahIM chor3ate haiN| bhAvopaniSad ke uddharaNa meM kahA gayA hai ki zRMgAra Adi nau rasa niyatiyukta haiN| arthAt jina bhAvoM se jo rasa prakaTa honA hotA hai vahI prakaTa hotA hai| purANasAhitya meM niyati evaM usake paryAya harivaMzapurANa meM bhavitavyatA kI prAmANikatA aneka zlokAMzoM meM dRggocara hotI hai| kaMsa ne apane svajanoM kI hatyA karane ke bAda pazcAttApa karate hue devakI se kahA- "maiM bar3A nirdaya hU~ aura maiMne apane priyoM kA hI zamana kiyA, kyoMki vidhi ne jo bhAgya meM likha diyA use maiM kisI prakAra bhI parivartita nahIM kara skaa|"3" kaMsa kA yaha kathana harivaMza purANa meM anyatra AI 'durvArA hi bhavitavyatA 8 'durlabhyaM bhavitavyatA uktiyoM se puSTa hotA hai| isalie kahA gayA hai- 'daivameva paraloke dhik pauruSamakAraNam' arthAt daiva aura puruSArtha meM daiva hI parama balavAna hai| saMsAra meM isa akAraNa puruSArtha ko dhikkAra hai| ... vAmana purANa meM dAnavapati prahlAda viSNu kI nindA karane para bali ko rAjya-nAza kA abhizApa dete haiN| bali ke kSamA mAMgane para ve bhAgya kI nizcitatA yA aparivartanazIlatA ko batAte hue kahate haiM nUnametena bhAvyaM vai bhavato yena daanv| mamAvizanmahAbAho vivekprtissedhkH||

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248 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa tasmAd rAjyaM prati vibho na jvaraM kartumarhasi / avazyaM bhAvino hyarthA na vinazyanti karhicit / / " arthAt he dAnava ! nizcaya hI tumhArA aisA bhaviSya thA / isI se viveka kA pratibaMdhaka mahAmoha mujhameM praviSTa huA thaa| ataH he vibho ! rAjya ke lie duHkha mata kro| avazyambhAvI viSaya kadApi vinaSTa nahIM hote / isa prakAra vAmana purANa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki bhavitavyatA kI prabalatA ke anusAra hI vartamAna meM vaise nimitta prApta hote haiN| nAradIya purANa meM kahA hai ki yaha samasta sthAvara aura trasa jagat daiva ke AdhIna hai| isalie daiva hI janma aura mRtyu ko jAnatA hai, dUsarA nahIM / jaisAki kahA hai daivAdhInamidaM sarva jgtsthaavrjNgmm| 42 tasmAjjanma ca mRtyuM ca daivaM jAnAti nAparaH / daivAdhInaM jagatsarva sdevaasurmaanussm||" deva, asura aura manuSyoM se yukta samasta jagat daiva ke AdhIna hai / isa daiva, niyati yA bhavitavya ko svIkAra karane para kisI prakAra kI cintA nahIM rahatI haiyadbhAvi tadbhavatyeva yadabhAvyaM na tadbhavet iti nizcitabuddhInAM na ciMtA bAdhate kvcit| " rAmAyaNa meM niyati kI kAraNatA rAmAyaNa meM bhI niyati kI kAraNatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| bAlI kI mRtyu ke pazcAt bhagavAna zrI rAma, lakSmaNa, sugrIva Adi ko sAMtvanA pradAna karate hue kahate haiMniyatiH kAraNaM loke, niyatiH karmasAdhanam / niyatiH sarvabhUtAnAM niyogeSviha kAraNam / / .45 jagat meM niyati hI sabakA kAraNa hai| niyati hI samasta karmoM kA sAdhana hai| niyati hI samasta prANiyoM ko vibhinna karmoM meM niyukta karane meM kAraNa hai| niyati kI gati aisI hai ki vaha dhana se, icchA se, puruSArtha se athavA AjJA se kisI ke TAle nahIM Tala sktii| isake sAmane sAre puruSArtha nirarthaka haiN| isalie bhAgya hI sabase utkRSTa hai aura saba kucha isake adhIna hai| bhAgya kI gati parama hai| 46 sukha-duHkha, bhaya - krodha, lAbha-hAni, utpatti aura vinAza tathA isa prakAra ke aura bhI

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niyativAda 249 jitane pariNAma prApta hote haiM, jinakA koI kAraNa samajha meM nahIM AtA, ve saba daiva ke hI kArya haiN| 47 mahAbhArata meM niyati kA svarUpa vedavyAsa ne niyati ke svarUpa ko nimna zabdoM meM abhivyakta kiyA hai 'yathA yathAsya prAptavyaM prApnotyeva tathA tathA / bhavitavyaM yathA yacca bhavatyeva tathA tthaa|| ,48 arthAt puruSa ko jo vastu jisa prakAra milane vAlI hotI hai, vaha usa prakAra mila hI jAtI hai| jisakI jaisI honahAra hotI hai, vaha vaisI hotI hI hai| yahI niyati hai| kucha loga to ise sabhI kAryoM kI siddhi meM kAraNa mAnate hue kahate haiM- 'daivanaike vadantyuta *9 niyativAdI mAnate haiM ki jagat meM jitane bhI puruSakRta kArya haiM una sabhI ke pIche daiva nimitta hai aura daivavaza hI devaloka meM bahuta se guNa upalabdha hote haiN| " 49 50 uttama kula meM janma, puruSArtha, Arogya, saundarya, saubhAgya, upabhoga, apriya, vastuoM ke sAtha saMyoga, atyanta priya vastuoM kA viyoga, artha, anartha, sukha aura duHkha - ina sabakI prApti prArabdha ke vidhAna ke anusAra hotI hai| yahA~ taka ki prANiyoM kI utpatti, dehAvasAna, lAbha aura hAni meM bhI prArabdha hI pravRtta hotA hai / 51 jIva kI mRtyu ke kaI nimitta hote haiM, yathA- roga, agni, jala, zastra, bhUkha pyAsa, vipatti, viSa, jvara aura U~ce sthAna se giranA aadi| ina nimittoM meM se pratyeka jIva ke lie niyati dvArA janma ke samaya hI niyata kara diyA jAtA hai aura anta meM vahI usakI mRtyu kA hetu banatA hai / 52 dakSa-puruSArthI manuSyoM ke dvArA samyak prakAra se kiyA gayA prayatna bhI daiva rahita hone para niSphala ho jAtA hai tathA usa kArya ko anya prakAra se kie jAne para bhI vaha bhAgyavaza aura hI prakAra kA ho jAtA hai| ataH nizcaya hI daiva prabala aura durlaghya hai / daiva kI isa prabalatA ko svIkAra kara yaha samajhanA cAhie ki honahAra hI aisI thI, isalie zoka karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| bhalA, isa sRSTi meM aisA kaunasA puruSa hai, jo apanI buddhi kI vizeSatA se honahAra ko miTA sakatA hai arthAt koI nahIM | " saMskRta sAhitya meM niyati kA vizeSa rUpa 53 abhijJAnazAkuntala meM bhavitavyatA ke rUpa meM niyati 4 'bhavitavyAnAM dvArANi bhavanti sarvatra ** zAkuntala kI yaha sUkti bhavitavyatA kI sArvakAlikatA evaM sArvabhaumikatA ko prakaTa karate hue batAtI hai ki

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250 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa jaMgala ho yA parvata, Azrama ho yA nagara sarvatra hI bhavitavyatA ke lie dvAra khule rahate haiN| sarvatra vidyamAna bhavitavyatA yA niyati hI rAjA duSyanta ko zukantalA se saMyoga karavAne hetu kaNva RSi ke Azrama meM le gaI thii| isI niyati ne usakA zakuntalA se viyoga karAkara puna: yoga kraayaa| ata: mahAkavi kAlidAsa kahate haiM- 'bhavitavyatA khalu balavatI5 bhartRhariviracita nItizataka meM niyati mahAkavi bhartRhari mAnate haiM ki mAnava ke bhAlapaTTa para brahmA ne jo thor3A athavA adhika dhana likha diyA hai, use manuSya registAna meM bhI saralatA se prApta kara letA hai| adhika dhana kA bhAgya na hone para vaha cAhe sumeru parvata para kyoM na calA jAe, use prApta nahIM hogaa| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM ghaTa kI sthiti ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| pAnI lene hetu ghaTa ko kue~ meM DAlA jAe athavA agAdha jala rAzi vAle samudra meM DAlA jAe, vaha sadA hI apanI kSamatA jitanA hI jala le paaegaa| isI prakAra jitanA bhAgya meM dhana likhA hogA utanA hI manuSya ko prApta hogA, adhika nhiiN|56 isa jagat meM mAnavoM kI unnati aura avanati kA kAraNa bhAgya hI hotA hai| jaise ki isa prasaMga se pratIta hotA hai- koI sarpa apane jIvana se atyanta nirAza huA kisI sapere kI bA~sa kI piTArI meM sikur3e hue zarIra vAlA hokara bhUkha se chaTapaTA rahA thaa| sarpa kI puna: svataMtra hone kI sabhI AzAe~ naSTa ho gaI thiiN| tabhI acAnaka eka cUhA dA~toM se usa piTArI meM cheda karake svayaM sarpa ke mukha meM A gyaa| usa sarpa ne cUhe ko khAkara bhUkha miTAI aura cUhe dvArA banAe gae mArga se zIghra bAhara nikala gyaa| ata: yaha nizcita hotA hai ki bhAgya ke atirikta koI bhI manuSya kI unnati tathA avanati kA kAraNa nahIM bana sakatA hai| isase phalita hotA hai ki bhAgya ke kAraNa hI paratantra vyakti mukti pA sakatA hai tathA svatantra vyakti ApattiyoM meM pha~sa sakatA hai| mAnava ko prArabdhAnusAra hI saba kucha prApta hotA hai| vyakti prayatnapUrvaka duSkara kAryoM ko kara sakatA hai, parantu kAryoM kA phala bhAgyAnusAra hI milatA hai|58 hitopadeza evaM paMcatantra meM bhavitavyatA ___ hitopadeza meM kahA gayA hai- 'yadabhAvi na tadbhAvi bhAvi cenna tadanyathA arthAt jo bhavitavya nahIM hai vaha kisI sthiti meM nahIM hogA aura jo bhavitavya hai vaha anyathA nahIM hogaa|

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niyativAda 251 paMcatantrakAra kahate haiM ki jisakI bhavitavyatA nahIM hotI vaha kArya kabhI nahIM hotA tathA jo bhavitavya hai vaha binA yatna kie hI ho jAtA hai| jisa vastu kI bhavitavyatA nahIM hotI hai vaha hastagata hokara bhI calI jAtI hai|60 yaha vidhi kI viDambanA hI hai ki 50 yojana dUra se pakSI bhogya vastu ko to dekha letA hai kintu najadIka ke jAla ko nahIM dekha paataa| rAjataraMgiNI meM niyati kI mahattA rAjataraMgiNI meM kahA hai- kisI pakSI kI pU~cha meM lagI Aga jisa prakAra usake bhAgane se zAnta nahIM hotI, usI prakAra manuSya kI bhI bhavitavyatA usake palAyana karane se pIchA nahIM chodd'tii| jisa prANI ko niyati dvArA nirdhArita jo bhoga bhogane haiM, ve pracaNDa agni, viSa, zastra, bANa prayoga kisI gaDDhe meM kUda jAne, abhicAra kriyA karane tathA bhogAdhIna prANiyoM ke vadha karane se bhI TAle nahIM jA sakate haiN|61 ___ataH kavi kalhaNa ne ThIka hI kahA hai- 'zakto na ko'pi bhavitavyavilaMghanAyAm 2 arthAt bhavitavyatA kA ullaMghana karane kA sAmarthya kisI meM nahIM hai| kAvyaprakAza meM niyati niyati zabda kA prayoga mammaTa ne apane kAvyaprakAza meM karate hue kahA hai 'niyatikRtaniyamarahitAM haadaikmyiimnnyprtntraam| navarasarucirA nirmitimAdadhatI bhAratI kverjyti|| 63 kavi kI vANI ke vaiziSTya kA AkhyAna karate hue use mammaTa ne niyati dvArA nirmita niyamoM se vilakSaNa pratipAdita kiyA hai| isameM prayukta 'niyati' zabda para kAvyaprakAza ke vibhinna TIkAkAroM ne prakAza DAlA hai| pramukha vyAkhyAe~ isa prakAra haiM1. niyamyate kamalasaugandhyAdikaM anayeti asAdhAraNo dharmaH kmltvaadirniytiH|| -bAlacittAnuraMjanI TIkA 2. niyatiH karmAparaparyAyA sarvotpattimannimittam- viveka TIkA 3. niyamyante svasvakAryotpattaye preryante nirudhyante ca bhAvA anayeti niytirdRssttN| -dIpikA TIkA 4. niyatirniyAmikA zakti: -sampradAyaprakAzinI TIkA

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252 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 5. niyamyante saurabhAdayo dharmA aneneti niyatirasAdhAraNa: padmatvAdirUpo ___ dhrmH| vastutastu niyatiradRSTam -sudhAsAgara TIkA uparyukta uddharaNoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki kamala meM sugandha Adi kA asAdhAraNa dharma niyati ke dvArA hI nirdhArita hotA hai| viveka-TIkAkAra ne sabakI utpatti meM nimittabhUta isa niyati ko karma kA hI dUsarA paryAya svIkAra kiyA hai| dIpikA- TIkAkAra ne utpatti aura nirodha donoM meM niyati ko kAraNa mAnakara use adRSTa kahA hai, jisakA samarthana sudhAsAgara ne apanI TIkA meM bhI kiyA hai| sampradAya prakAzinI TIkA meM ise niyAmikA zakti ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| saMketa TIkAkAra ne samasta padArthoM ke apane-apane AkAra varNAdi kI vyavasthA kA niyAmaka hetu mAnate hue ise daiva kA paryAyAntara svIkAra kiyA hai tathA zaiva zAstra meM mAnya 36 tattvoM meM eka tattva ke rUpa meM mAnane kA ullekha kiyA hai'niyatiH sarvapadArthAnAM nijanijasaMsthAnamAnavarNAdivyavasthAniyamahetuH daivpryaayaantrm| tacca-paMcabhUta- paMcakarmendriya- paMcabuddhIndriya- paMcaviSayatattvAdizivatattvaparyantazaivazAstrokta- SaTtriMzattattva madhyoktaM tttvaantrm|5 isa prakAra asAdhAraNa dharma ke niyAmaka tattva ke rUpa meM, karma ke apara paryAya ke rUpa meM, adRSTa ke rUpa meM, niyAmaka zakti ke rUpa meM tathA daiva ke rUpa meM kAvyaprakAza ke TIkAkAroM ne 'niyati' zabda kI vyAkhyA kI hai| jainadarzana meM mAnya paMcasamavAya meM karma aura niyati ko pRthak-pRthak svIkAra kiyA gayA hai jabaki kAvyaprakAza ke TIkAkAra niyati aura karma yA adRSTa meM ekatA pratipAdita kara rahe haiN| yahA~ yaha avazya mAnanA hogA ki niyati eka niyAmaka tattva hai, jisake dvArA jagat evaM padArthoM kI eka vyavasthA banI huI hai| dArzanika granthoM meM niyati kA svarUpa bauddha tripiTaka meM niyativAda bauddha tripiTaka meM suttapiTaka ke antargata dIghanikAya ke prathama bhAga meM maMkhali gozAlaka ke niyativAda kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| gozAlaka ne buddha ke prazna kA uttara dete hue apane mata ko spaSTa kiyA hai- "prANiyoM ke duHkha kA koI hetu yA pratyaya (kAraNa) nahIM hai| binA hetu aura pratyaya ke hI prANI duHkhI hote haiN| prANiyoM kI

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niyativAda 253 vizuddhi kA bhI koI hetu yA pratyaya nahIM hai| binA hetu aura pratyaya ke hI prANI vizuddhi ko prApta hote haiN| na AtmA kucha karatI hai aura na para kucha karatA hai, na puruSakAra hai, na bala hai, na vIrya hai, na puruSastAma hai, na puruSaparAkrama hai| sabhI sattva, sabhI prANa, sabhI bhUta aura sabhI jIva avaza haiM, abala haiM, avIrya haiN| niyati ke saMga ke bhAva se pariNata hokara 6 prakAra kI abhijAtiyoM meM sukha-duHkha kA saMvedana karate haiN|66 niyativAdI kahate haiM- "maiM isa zIla, vrata, tapa yA brahmacarya ke dvArA aparipakva karma kA paripAka karU~gA tathA paripakva karma kA anta kruuNgaa| aisA mAnanA ucita nahIM hai|"67 . yogavAsiSTha meM niyati evaM puruSArtha kI sApekSatA prAyaH 'daiva' aura 'niyati' ekArthaka mAne gae haiM, kintu yogavAsiSTha meM ina donoM kA pRthak svarUpa pratipAdita huA hai| 'niyati' kArya evaM padArthoM ke svabhAva kI nizcitatA yA bhavitavyatA ke rUpa meM tathA 'daiva' pUrvakRta karma ke rUpa meM pratiSThita huA hai| 'niyati' ko paribhASita karate hue yogavAsiSTha meM kahA gayA hai 'Adisarge hi niytirbhaavvaicitrymkssym| anenetthaM sadA bhAvyamiti saMpadyate prm||68 arthAt sRSTi ke Adi meM hI padArtha vaicitrya ke rUpa meM niyati kA siddhAnta A jAtA hai| aisA hone para aisA honA cAhie- yaha akSaya niyama niyati hai| kAryakAraNa rUpI isa niyati kA cAroM ora sAmrAjya hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jagat meM sAre vyavahAra niyamita rUpa se hote dikhAI par3ate haiM aura pratyeka vastu kA svabhAva nizcita jAna par3atA hai| isa jagat ke saMcAlana hetu nimitta vastuoM kA svabhAva nizcita hai, jisase pratyeka vastu apane nizcita svabhAva ke anukUla kArya karatI rahatI hai| niyati kI aTalatA aura nizcitatA ko koI bhI khaNDita karane meM samartha nahIM hai, vaha akhaNDa hai| jaisAki kahA hai avazyaMbhavitavyaiSAtvidamitthamiti sthitiH| na zakyate layitumapi rudaadibuddhibhiH|| sarvajJo'pi bahujJo'pi mAdhavo'pi haro'pi c| anyathA niyatiM kartuM na zaktaH kazcideva hi||69

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254 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa arthAt "yaha vastu isa prakAra kA vyavahAra karegI" athavA "yaha aisI hai"yA niyama aTala hai aura avazya hone vAlA hai| isakA ullaMghana rudrAdi devatA taka bhI nahIM kara skte| koI bhI cAhe vaha ziva ho athavA viSNu, cAhe sarvajJa ho athavA bahuta bar3A jJAnI ho- niyati ko nahIM badala sktaa| sRSTi ke Adi meM jo racanA jisa niyama se hone lagatI hai vaha sadA usI niyama ke anusAra calatI hai| mahAziva taka isa niyama se niyantrita hote haiN| isakA nAma isI kAraNa se niyati hai ki tRNa se lekara brahmA taka kA vyavahAra isake dvArA niyantrita hotA hai| yogavAsiSThakAra puruSArtha ko bhI niyati sApekSa batalAte haiM pauruSaM na parityAjyametAmAzritya dhiimtaa| pauruSeNa rUpeNa niyatirhi niyaamikaa|| buddhimAna AdamI ko puruSArtha kA kabhI tyAga nahIM karanA caahie| niyati puruSArtha ke rUpa se hI jagat kI niyaMtraNA karatI hai| arthAt puruSArtha dvArA hI niyati saphala hotI hai| puruSArtha aura niyati meM koI virodha nahIM hai, apitu puruSArtha dvArA phala kI prApti hotI hai, yaha bhI niyati kA hI eka aMga hai| yadi ucita kAraNa puruSArtha dvArA upasthita nahIM kiye jAyeMge to icchita phala prApta nahIM ho skeNge| kabhI-kabhI aisI sthitiyA~ banatI haiM ki prabala puruSArtha dvArA niyati naSTa kara dI jAtI hai, kyoMki kArya kA vAstavika kartA jIva kA saMkalpa hai, na ki niyti| niyati to niyamita rUpa se prakaTa hone kA nAma hai| niyati sRSTi kA niyama hai, sRSTi karane vAlI nahIM hai| isa abhiprAya se niyativAda ke saMbaMdha meM yogavAsiSThakAra likhate haiM niyatiM yAdRzImetatsaMkalpayati sA tthaa| niytaaniytaakraaNshcidrthaanniytaanpi||72 karoti cittaM tenaitaccittaM niytiyojkm| niyatyAM niyatiM kurvnkdaacitsvaarthnaamikaam||73 jIvo hi puruSo jAtaH pauruSeNa sa ydythaa|" saMkalpayati loke'smintattathA tasya naanythaa||75

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niyativAda 255 arthAt yaha mana jisa prakAra kI niyati kI kalpanA karatA hai, vaha niyati usI prakAra kabhI niyata aura kabhI aniyata padArthoM kI kalpanA karatI hai| isa prakAra se yaha mana apane saMkalpita padArthoM kI vibhinna prakAra kI niyati kI kalpanA karane vAlA hai| niyati ko bhI kabhI aniyati banA detA hai| yaha jIva apane puruSArtha ke kAraNa hI puruSa kahalAtA hai| vaha jaisA saMkalpa karatA hai saMsAra meM vaisA hI hotA hai anyathA prakAra se nahIM / zaivadarzana ke grantha paramArthasAra meM niyati kAzmIra zaivadarzana meM jagat ko chattIsa tattvoM se saMghaTita mAnA hai| ye sabhI tattva ziva kI AtmAbhivyakti se atirikta kucha nahIM hai| ina chattIsa tattvoM meM niyati kA bhI sthAna hai| prakRti se utpanna sukhAdirUpa kA bhoktA puruSa kA svarUpa pratipAdana karate hue paramArthasAra meM batAyA gayA hai ki yaha puruSa kAla, kalA, niyati, rAga aura avidyA se ba~dhA huA hai| " ye kAla Adi sabhI kaMcuka kahalAte haiN| niyati kaMcuka ke kAraNa pratyeka prANI apane pUrva karmoM ke phala ko bhogane ke lie bAdhya banA rahatA hai tathA isase pramAtA kI kartRtva aura jJAtRtva zakti aura adhika saMkucita ho jAtI hai| kAryakAraNa bhI isI niyatitattva kA vyApAra hai 76 'niyatiH mamedaM kartavyaM nedaM kartavyam iti niyamanahetuH isa prakAra niyata kAraNa se niyata kArya kI saMbhAvanA banatI hai, jaise vahni se dhUma kI aura azvamedhAdi yajJa se svargAdiphala kI praapti| usI prakAra niyata saMkalpa ke anusAra kiye gae karmasamUha se udita puNya-pApa se AtmA niyamita hotI hai, vahI isa (puruSa) kA niyati tattva hai| 78 jaina granthoM meM niyativAda kA nirUpaNa niyativAda kA ullekha jainAgamoM meM bhI prApta hotA hai| isakA nAmollekha praznavyAkaraNa meM tathA svarUpa sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM samupalabdha hotA hai| Agama evaM TIkAoM meM carcita niyativAda wh sUtrakRtAMga meM niyativAda kA svarUpa sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke 'pauNDarIka' nAmaka adhyayana meM mumukSu jIvoM ko viparIta AcAra-vicAra se nivRtta hokara mokSamArga meM pravRtta hone kI preraNA kI gaI hai| eka puSkariNI ke dRSTAnta ke mAdhyama se taccharIravAdI, paMcabhUtavAdI, IzvarakAraNavAdI aura niyativAdI ke mata kA svarUpa sthApita kiyA gayA hai tathA yaha

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256 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa bhI kahA gayA hai ki ina sAvadha AcAra-vicAra vAle matoM se nirvANa prApta nahIM hotA, apita satya, ahiMsAdi mahAvratoM ke niSThApUrvaka pAlana se hotA hai- aisA pratipAdana sUtrakRtAMga ke isa adhyayana meM huA hai| yahA~ niyativAda kA prasaMga hone se niyativAda ko prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai (i) kriyAvAdI aura akriyAvAdI niyati se prerita- "iha khalu duve purisA bhavaMti-ege purise kiriyamAikkhati, ege purise nnokiriymaaikkhti| je ya purise kiriyamAikkhai, je ye purise NokiriyamAikkhai, do vi te purisA tullA egaTThA kaarnnmaavnnaa| isa jagat meM do prakAra ke puruSa pAe jAte haiM- eka kriyAvAdI aura dUsarA akriyaavaadii| ye donoM hI niyati ke AdhIna haiM, svataMtra nahIM haiM, ata: niyati kI preraNA se kriyAvAdI kriyA kA samarthana karatA hai aura akriyAvAdI akriyA kA pratipAdana karatA hai| niyati ke adhIna hone ke kAraNa ye donoM hI samAna haiN| ye donoM vAda eka hI artha vAle aura eka hI kAraNa (niyativAda) ko prApta hai| (ii) sukhaduHkhAdi svanimittaka aura paranimittaka nahIM- kriyAvAdI aura akriyAvAdI donoM hI ajJAnI haiN| ye apane sukha aura duHkha kA kAraNa svayaM ko mAnate hue yaha samajhate haiM ki maiM jo kucha bhI duHkha pA rahA hU~, zoka kara rahA hU~, vilApa kara rahA hU~, khinna ho rahA hU~, pIr3A pA rahA hU~ yA saMtapta ho rahA hU~, vaha saba mere kie hue karma kA pariNAma hai tathA dUsarA jo duHkha pAtA hai, zoka karatA hai, vilApa karatA hai, khinna hotA hai, pIr3ita hotA hai yA saMtapta hotA hai, vaha saba usake dvArA kiye hue karma kA pariNAma hai| isa kAraNa vaha ajJajIva svanimittaka (svakRta) tathA paranimittaka (parakRta) sukhaduHkhAdi ko apane tathA dUsare ke dvArA kRta karmaphala samajhatA hai, parantu ekamAtra niyati ko hI samasta padArthoM kA kAraNa mAnane vAlA medhAvI puruSa to yaha samajhatA hai ki maiM jo kucha duHkha bhogatA hU~, zokamagna hotA hU~ yA saMtapta hotA hU~, ve saba mere kie hue karma (karmaphala) nahIM haiM tathA dUsarA puruSa jo duHkha pAtA hai, zoka Adi se saMtapta-pIr3ita hotA hai, vaha bhI usake dvArA kRta kamoM kA phala nahIM hai, (apitu yaha saba niyati kA prabhAva hai)| isa prakAra vaha buddhimAna puruSa apane yA dUsare ke nimitta se prApta hue duHkha Adi ko yoM mAnatA hai ki ye saba niyatikRta haiM, kisI dUsare ke kAraNa se nhiiN| (iii) niyativAdI dvArA mAnya jagat kA svarUpa- niyativAdI jagat kA svarUpa batAte hue kahate haiM- "se bemi- pAINaM vA je tasathAvarA pANA te evaM saMghAyamAvajjati, te evaM pariyAyamAvajjaMti, te evaM vivegamAvajjaMti, te evaM

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niyativAda 257 vihANamAgacchaMti, te evaM sNgiyNti| uvehAe No iyaM vippaDivedeti, taMjahAkiriyA ti vA jAva Nirae ti vA aNirae ti vaa| arthAt niyativAdI kahate haiM ki pUrva Adi dizAoM meM rahane vAle jo trasa evaM sthAvara prANI haiM, ve saba niyati ke prabhAva se hI audArika Adi zarIra kI racanA (saMghAta) ko prApta karate haiN| ve niyati ke kAraNa hI bAlya, yuvA aura vRddha avasthA (paryAya) ko prApta karate haiM aura zarIra se pRthak (mRta) hote haiN| ve niyativazAt kANA, kubar3A Adi nAnA prakAra kI dazAoM ko prApta karate haiN| niyati kA Azraya lekara hI nAnA prakAra ke sukha-duHkhoM ko prApta karate haiN| sUtrakRtAMga kI cUrNi meM 'idANiM AyachaTThA'phalavAdi ti se aphalavAda siddhAnta kA pratipAdana huA hai| inake matAnusAra AtmA aura loka zAzvata hai| ina donoM kI utpatti nahIM hotI hai apitu ye niyata haiN| asat kI bhI kabhI utpatti nahIM hotI hai| ina tathyoM kA pratiphala batAte hue paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA kahate haiM ki isa mata meM niyati mAtra ko svIkRti milI hai tathA puruSArtha va karmavAda ko avakAza nahIM hai| inake matAnusAra isa mata ko satkAryavAdI mAnanA ucita hai, kyoMki niyativAda ke svIkAra meM hI asat kI utpatti kA asvIkAra saMnihita hai| ataeva niyativAdI satkAryavAdI ho yaha svAbhAvika hai| bhagavatI, sthAnAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga kI niyukti meM niyativAda bhagavatI aura sthAnAMga meM niyativAda kA sIdhA svarUpa to nahIM milatA kintu Agama yuga meM pracalita mata evaM darzanoM ke antargata isakA ullekha samupalabdha hotA hai| . cattAri vAdisamosaraNA paNNattA, taMjahA- kiriyAvAdI, akiriyAvAdI, aNNANiyAvAdI venniyaavaadi| arthAt vAdisamavasaraNa cAra kahe gae haiM- kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, ajJAnavAdI aura vinyvaadii| yahA~ samavasaraNa zabda matoM yA darzanoM ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke samavasaraNa adhyayana meM ina matoM kA saMkSipta varNana hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke niyuktikAra ne kriyAvAdI ke 180, akriyAvAdI ke 84, ajJAnavAdI ke 67 aura vinayavAdI ke 32, kula 363 bhedoM kI saMkhyA batAI hai| vRttikAra ne ina cAroM vAdoM ke 363 bhedoM ko nAmollekhapUrvaka pRthak-pRthak prastuta kiyA hai| isa pustaka ke 'kAlavAda nAmaka adhyAya meM inakA vistAra se vivecana huA hai| ata: yahA~ saMkSepa meM niyativAda ko prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai

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258 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa kriyAvAda meM kAlavAda, AtmavAda, niyativAda aura svabhAvavAda kA tathA akriyAvAda meM kAlavAda Adi pA~ca ke atirikta yadRcchAvAda kA bhI samAveza huA hai| ajJAnavAdI aura vinayavAdI ke bhedoM meM kAla Adi kA ullekha nahIM hai| kriyAvAdI aura akriyAvAdI ke antargata prApta 'niyativAda' kA nimnAMkita svarUpa vyakta huA haikriyAvAdI meM niyativAda ke bheda 1. jIva svata: nitya niyati se 2. jIva svataH anitya niyati se 3. jIva parata: nitya niyati se 4. jIva parataH anitya niyati se 5. ajIva svataH nitya niyati se 6. ajIva svata: anitya niyati se 7. ajIva parata: nitya niyati se 8. ajIva parata: anitya niyati se 9. Asrava svataH nitya niyati se 10. Asrava svata: anitya niyati se 11. Asrava parata: nitya niyati se ___ 12. Asrava parata: anitya niyati se 13. bandha svataH nitya niyati se 14. baMdha svata: anitya niyati se 15. baMdha parata: nitya niyati se 16. baMdha parata: anitya niyati se 17. saMvara svata: nitya niyati se 18. saMvara svata: anitya niyati se 19. saMvara parata: nitya niyati se 20. saMvara parataH anitya niyati se 21. nirjarA svataH nitya niyati se __ 22. nirjarA svataH anitya niyati se 23. nirjarA parata: nitya niyati se 24. nirjarA parata: anitya niyati se 25. puNya svataH nitya niyati se 26. puNya svataH anitya niyati se 27. puNya parata: nitya niyati se 28. puNya parataH anitya niyati se 29. pApa svataH nitya niyati se 30. pApa svata: anitya niyati se 31. pApa parata: nitya niyati se 32. pApa parata: anitya niyati se 33. mokSa svataH nitya niyati se 34. mokSa svata: anitya niyati se 35. mokSa parata: nitya niyati se 36. mokSa parata: anitya niyati se

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niyativAda 259 akriyAvAdI meM niyativAda ke bheda 1. nAsti jIva svataH niyati se 2. nAsti jIva parata: niyati se 3. nAsti ajIva svataH niyati se 4. nAsti ajIva parata: niyati se 5. nAsti Asrava svataH niyati se 6. nAsti Asrava parata: niyati se 7. nAsti baMdha svataH niyati se 8. nAsti baMdha parataH niyati se 9. nAsti saMvara svataH niyati se 10. nAsti saMvara parata: niyati se 11. nAsti nirjarA svataH niyati se 12. nAsti nirjarA parata: niyati se 13. nAsti mokSa svataH niyati se 14. nAsti mokSa parataH niyati se praznavyAkaraNa aura usakI TIkAoM meM niyativAda praznavyAkaraNa ke anusAra jIva jagat meM jo bhI sukRta yA duSkRta ghaTita hotA hai, vaha daivaprabhAva se hotA hai| isa loka meM kucha bhI aisA nahIM hai jo kRtaka tattva ho| lakSaNavidhAna kI kI niyati hai| ataH kahA hai- 'jaM vi ihaM kiMci jIvaloe dIsai sukayaM vA dukayaM vA evaM jadicchAe vA sahAveNa vAvi daivatappabhAvao vAvi bhvi| Natthettha kiMci kayagaM tattaM lakkhaNavihANaNiyattIe kAriyaM evaM kei japaMti6 praznavyAkaraNa sUtra ke TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri ke anusAra niyativAdiyoM kI mAnyatA hai ki puruSakAra ko kArya kI utpatti meM kAraNa mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, kyoMki usake binA niyati se hI samasta prayojanoM kI siddhi ho jAtI hai|" kahA bhI gayA haiprAptavyo niyatibalAzrayeNa yo'rthaH, so'vazyaM bhavati nRNAM zubho'zubho vaa| bhUtAnAM mahati kRte'pi hi prayatne, nAbhAvyaM bhavati na bhAvino'sti naashH||" jo padArtha niyati ke bala ke Azraya se prAptavya hotA hai vaha zubha yA azubha padArtha manuSyoM (jIvamAtra) ko avazya prApta hotA hai| prANiyoM ke dvArA mahAn prayatna karane para bhI abhAvya kabhI nahIM hotA hai tathA bhAvI kA nAza nahIM hotA hai| TIkAkAra jJAnavimalasUri ke anusAra niyativAdI niyati se hI jagat kI utpatti kahate haiM tathA bhavitavyatA ko sarvatra balIyasI batalAte haiM -

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260 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa prAptavyamartha labhate manuSyaH kiM kAraNaM? daivmlngghniiyN| tasmAnna zocAmi na vismayAmi yadasmadIyaM nahi ttpressaam||1|| dvIpAdanyasmAdapi madhyAdapi jlnidherdisho'pyntaat| AnIya jhaTiti ghaTayati vidhirbhimtmbhimukhiibhuutm||2|| sA sA saMpAte buddhi-rvyavasAyazca taadRshH| sahAyAstAdRzA jJeyA yAdRzI bhvitvytaa||3|| prAptavya artha ko manuSya prApta karatA hai isameM kyA kAraNa hai| nizcita rUpa se daiva (niyati) hI isameM kAraNa hai| isalie na to maiM zoka karatA hU~, na Azcarya karatA haiN| kyoMki jo hamArA hai vaha dUsaroM kA nhiiN| vidhi (daiva/niyati) anya dvIpa se bhI, jalanidhi ke bIca se bhI, anya dizA ke chora se bhI abhimata vastu ko lAkara sammukha kara detA hai| baddhi vaisI hI ho jAtI hai, vyavasAya bhI vaisA ho jAtA hai aura sahAyaka bhI vaise mila jAte haiM, jaisI bhavitavyatA hotI hai| nandIsUtra kI avacUri meM niyativAda nandIsUtra kI avacUri meM niyativAda kA svarUpa isa prakAra prastuta hai- "te hi evaM AhuH -niyatiH nAma tattvAntaraM asti yad vazAdete bhAvAH sarve'pi niyatena eva rUpeNa prAdurbhAvamaznuvate, naanythaa| tathAhi yat yadA yadA yato bhavati tattadA tata eva niyatena eva rUpeNa bhvduplbhyte| anyathA kAryakAraNabhAvavyAvasthA pratiniyatarUpAvasthA ca na bhavet, niyaamkaabhaavaat| tata evaM kAryanayatyataH pratIyamAnAmenAM niyatiM ko nAma pramANapathakuzalo bAdhituM kSamate? mA prApadanyatrApi prmaannpthvyaaghaatprsNgH| tathA ca uktaM"niyatenaiva rUpeNa, sarve bhAvA bhavaMti yt| tato niyatijA hyete, ttsvruupaanuvedhtH|| yat yadaiva yato yAvattatadaiva ttstthaa| niyataM jAyate nyAyAt, ka enAM bAdhituM kSamaH?' arthAt niyati nAmaka pRthak tattva hai, jisake vaza meM ye sabhI bhAva haiM aura ve niyata rUpa se hI utpanna hote haiM, anyathA rUpa se nahIM hote haiN| kyoMki jo jaba-jaba jisase honA hotA hai, vaha taba taba usase hI niyata rUpa se hotA huA prApta hotA hai| aisA nahIM mAnane para kAryakAraNabhAvavyavasthA aura pratiniyata vyavasthA (jisase jo niyata rUpa se hotA hai) saMbhava nahIM hai, niyAmaka (niyantA) kA abhAva hone se| isalie kArya ke niyata hone se pratIyamAna niyati ko

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niyativAda 261 kauna pramANamArgI bAdhita kara sakatA hai? anyatra bhI pramANa patha ke vyAghAta kA prasaMga nahIM AtA hai| jaisA ki kahA gayA hai- niyata rUpa se hI saba padArtha utpanna hote haiM, isalie ye apane svarUpa se niyatija haiN| jo jaba, jisase, jitanA honA hotA hai; vaha, taba usase aura utanA niyata rUpa se nyAyapUrvaka hotA hai, isa niyati ko kauna bAdhita kara sakatA hai? arthAt koI nahIM / , AcArAMga sUtra kI zIlAMka TIkA meM niyativAda AcArAMga sUtra para AcArya zIlAMka dvArA racita TIkA meM bhI niyativAda kA ullekha samprApta hotA hai| yathA- ' tathAnye niyatitaH evAtmanaH svarUpamavadhArayanti, kA punariyaM niyatiriti ucyate, padArthAnAmavazyaMtayA yathAbhavane prayojakakartrI niyatiH, uktaM ca- 'prAptavyo niyatibalAzrayeNa yo'rthaH so'vazyaM bhavati nRNAM zubho'zubho vaa| bhUtAnAM mahati kRte'pi hi prayatne, nAbhAvyaM bhavati na bhAvino'sti nAzaH / / 92 * kucha matAvalambI niyati se hI vastu ke svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa karate haiN| 'yaha niyati kyA hai' to usake saMbaMdha meM kahA gayA hai ki padArthoM kA Avazyaka rUpa se jisa prakAra honA pAyA jAe usameM prayojakakartrI niyati hotI hai| jaisA ki kahA gayA hai"niyatibala ke Azraya se jo padArtha zubha yA azubha rUpa meM prAptavya hotA hai, vaha avazya prApta hotA hai| mahAn prayatna karane para bhI abhAvya kabhI nahIM hotA aura bhAvya kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA hai| AcArya siddhasena dvArA upasthApita niyativAda 1. niyati- dvAtriMzikA meM nirUpita niyativAda sanmatitarka, nyAyAvatAra, dvAtriMzat - dvAtriMzikA ye racanAe~ siddhasena divAkara (5vIM zatI) kI prasiddha kRtiyA~ haiN| pA~ca kAraNoM ke samUha meM niyati ko parigaNita kara siddhasena ne sanmatitarka meM eka gAthA racI hai / ra battIsa dvAtriMzikAoM meM solahavIM dvAtriMzikA 'niyati' para hI likhI hai / isa dvAtriMzikA meM AcArya siddhasena ne niyativAda kI siddhi meM kartRtvavAda kA khaNDana aura niyativAda kA svarUpa prastuta kiyA hai| (i) sarvasattvoM ke svabhAva kI niyatatA- niyati ke saMbaMdha meM siddhasena divAkara kahate haiM ki sabhI sattva yA jIva ke nitya, anantara, avyakti, sukha-duHkha tathA abhijAti jo svabhAva haiM, ye sabhI paya, kSIra aMkura Adi ke samAna niyati ke bala se hote haiN|

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262 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa nityaanntrmvyktisukh-duHkhaabhijaatyH| svabhAvaH sarvasattvAnAM payaH kssiiraaNkuraadivt||4 ina nitya Adi svabhAvoM ko AcArya vijayalAvaNyasUri ne isa zloka para TIkA karate hue vistAra se nirUpita kiyA hai| nitya pada se sabhI padArthoM ke nityatva kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| yaha nityatA sarvadA niyati ke bala se hotI hai| eka ke bAda hone vAlA dUsarA kArya yA bhAva anantara hai| yathA- vahni ke anantara dhUma aadi| niyati ke kAraNa hI sattva ko yaha svabhAva prApta hotA hai| vyakti yA vyakta se tAtparya abhivyakti, AvirbhAva yA utpatti hai| avyakti yAnI tirobhAva yA nAza hai| avyakti pada se utpatti aura nAza ko sattvoM kA svabhAva kahA hai| ye donoM svabhAva niyati ke mAhAtmya se hote haiN| niyati ke bala se hI pratiniyata deza kAla meM jIvoM ko sukha aura duHkha prApta hotA hai| sukha sAtA kA aura duHkha asAtA kA anubhava hai| abhijAti se abhiprAya ucca kula aura nIca kula donoM se hai| ucca kula aura nIca kula kI prApti meM bhI niyati hI kAraNa banatI hai| isa prakAra nitya, anantara, avyakti, sukha-duHkha, abhijAti sabhI niyatikRta haiN| isase dharma, adharma, puruSakAra, kAla Adi anya kisI kA prasaMga nahIM hai- 'svabhAvaH sarvasattvAnAm svabhAva ityAnena svayameva jIvo niyatyedRzo bhavati na tu dharmAdharmAdivazAnna vA puruSakArabalAnnApi kAlamAhAtmyAdi bodhyte| 16 uparyukta vicAra ko puSTa karane ke lie paya, kSIra, aMkura kA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai| pAnI kA svabhAva zItala hai| pAnI kI bUMda svAti nakSatra meM hI sIpI meM girane para motI banatI hai tathA maghA nakSatra meM girane para viSa banatI hai| kSIra yA dUdha madhura svabhAva vAlA hotA hai| yahI dUdha gAya, bhaisa aura bakarI kA hone para alaga-alaga svabhAva kA hotA hai| aMkura bhI apane-apane bIja ke svabhAva ke anusAra pariNamita hokara vaTavRkSa meM badala jAte haiN| pRthvI, bhUjala, teja Adi kA pariNamana puruSakAra ke binA arthAt svabhAva se hotA hai| yaha vizva prasiddha hai| ina svabhAvoM kI niyAmikA niyati hai| isa tathya ko prakAzita karate hue TIkAkAra kahate haiM'IdvazasvabhAva eva nAkasmAt kintu asyAnena svabhAvena bhavitavyamiti niyatibalAdeveti svabhAvaniyAmikA'pi niyatireveti niytivaadvyvsthitiriti| 8

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niyativAda 263 (ii) buddhi ke dharmAdi ATha aMga aura niyati- sAMkhya dvArA mAnya buddhi ke ATha aMga ko AcArya vijayalAvaNyasUri paribhASita karate hue kahate haiM- buddhi ke ATha aMga hai-dharma, adharma, jJAna, ajJAna, vairAgya, avairAgya, aizvarya aura anaishvry| jina pratimAdi ko dekhakara yA sparza kara dharma hotA hai| parastrI ko dekhakara adharma hotA hai| guNa (sattva-raja-tama) se yukta cakSu Adi indriya se jJAna utpanna hotA hai| doSa yukta cakSu hone para viparyaya, saMzaya Adi ajJAna utpanna hote haiN| duHkhI evaM saMsAra meM bhaTakate prANiyoM ko dekhakara vairAgya utpanna hotA hai| viSaya-lolupatA se yukta cakSu Adi indriya se utpanna darzana se avairAgya hotA hai| isI prakAra sAdhu-darzana aura unakI sevA karane se aSTavidha aizvarya hotA hai| duSTa janoM ke darzana- sparza se anaizvarya utpanna hotA hai| ___ inameM dharma kA adharma ke sAtha, jJAna kA ajJAna ke sAtha, vairAgya kA avairAgya ke sAtha aura aizvarya kA anaizvarya ke sAtha virodha hai| ye eka-dUsare ke virodha se utpanna nahIM hote haiN| isa bAta ko zlokAbaddha karate hue divAkara jI likhate haiM'dharmAdyaSTAMgatA buddherna virodhakRte ca yaiH|10deg TIkAkAra ne isa zloka para TIkA karate hue dharmAdi aSTAMgatA ko sattva-raja-tama guNoM dvArA niyati se niyamita svIkAra kiyA hai- 'yaiH sattvarajastamobhirguNairniyatiniyamitaiH dhrmaadyaassttaaNgtaa| 101 (iii) niyativAda meM jIva kA svarUpa- niyativAdI ke mata meM caitanya yA jIva ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana karate hue siddhasena likhate haiM- 'caitanyamapi naH sattvo mohAdijJAnalakSaNa: 102 isa para AcArya vijayalAvaNyasUri TIkA karate hue kahate haiMniyativAdI nitya caitanya svarUpa ke atirikta AtmA ko svIkAra nahIM karate, kintu krodha-moha-lobha Adi jJAnalakSaNa rUpa svabhAva jisakA hai usako caitanya mAnate haiN| isa mohAdijJAnasvarUpa caitanya ko sattva kahA hai| jisakA caitanya Adi kAraNa hai, vaha tat-tat caitanya pUrva-pUrva caitanya kA kAraNa hotA hai, isa prakAra sat hotA hai| pUrvApara ke caitanya tatsadRza aura tatjAtIya hote haiN| caitanya samyak rUpa se pUrva meM apara bhAva kI kalpanA karatA hai aura usa saMkalpa se apara bhAva kI racanA hotI hai| mohAdi jJAna svarUpa pUrva-pUrva caitanya uttara-uttara caitanya kA kAraNa hotA hai| pUrva aura apara kA saMkalana yA zAmila rUpa eka caitanya kA svarUpa banatA hai|03 'jIva ke svarUpa' ke saMbaMdha meM munizrI bhuvanacandra jI apane mantavya ko isa prakAra prastuta karate haiM- 'caitanya se tAtparya hai bhAna, moha, icchA, vicAra Adi kA sNvedn| caitanya eka sattva hai| sAmAnya rIti se sattva kA artha jIva hai|

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jainadarzana meM kAraNa- kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa (iv) indriya aura mana kA svarUpa- siddhasena divAkara niyativAda meM mAnya indriya aura mana ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana isa prakAra karate haiM 264 sparzanAdimano 'ntAni bhUtasAmAnyajAtimAn / mano'hanniyataM dravyaM pariNAmyanumUrti ca / / 15 AcArya vijayalAvaNyasUri uparyukta zloka kA tAtparya samajhAte hue kahate haiM ki sparza, cakSu, rasana, ghrANa, zravaNa aura mana- ye indriyA~ haiM tathA bhUtasAmAnya jAti se yukta arthAt bhUtatvalakSaNajAti se yukta pRthvI Adi viSaya haiN| mana ahaM ke dvArA niyata dravya hai| maiM sukhI hU~ yA maiM duHkhI hU~, isa prakAra ke abhimAna se mana pariNamanazIla hai tathA pratyeka zarIra meM pRthak-pRthak rUpa se rahatA hai| 106 sparzanAdi indriyoM ke viSaya kramazaH sparza, rUpa, rasa, gaMdha zabda haiN| inameM paraspara viruddha dharma hone se vailakSaNya hai|' 107 muni bhuvanacandra jI kA mata hai ki niyativAdI ke anusAra AtmA kA kArya mana karatA hai| 108 (v) svarga-narakAdi niyati se - naraka, gatiyoM kI carcA karate hue siddhasena kahate haiM tiyaMca, manuSya yathA duHkhAdinirayastiryakSu puruSottamAH / raktAyAmajanAyAM tu sukhajA na guNottarAH / / 109 TIkAkAra vijaya lAvaNyasUri apanI TIkA meM ise spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki atizaya yAtanA se yukta, eka-dUsare ko mArane se utpanna duHkha, atiduHkha, kAmakrodha-moha se atireka vAle naraka ke sthAna niyati se hI usa prakAra ke hote haiM, usase anyathAbhUta nahIM hote / tiryak yoni meM bhI duHkha niyati ke kAraNa hai| viziSTa atizayazAlI puruSa bhI isa bhUmi para niyati se hote haiN| devaloka sukhasampanna hai, yaha bhI niyati kA hI mAhAtmya hai| 110 aura deva ina cAroM (vi) jJAna meM bhI niyati- jJAna niyati ke bala se hI hotA hai, isa tathya siddhasena divAkara ne ravi-paMkaja ke udAharaNa se spaSTa kiyA hai na copadezo buddheH syAd ravi-paMkajayogavat / 111 tattvAni pratibuddhyante tebhyaH pratyabhijAtayaH / /

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niyativAda 265 arthAt jaise sUrya ke udita hone para paMkaja svayaM vikasita ho jAtA hai| vahA~ kauna kahatA hai ki he sUrya ! tU isa kamala ko vikasita kr| athavA he kamala ! tU sUryodaya hone se vikasita ho jaa| jaise yaha prAkRtika vyavasthA svabhAva se niyata hai vaise hI jJAna svabhAva se niyata hai| viziSTa jAti ke kulIna loga pUrvAgama Adi se 'isa vAkya kA yaha artha hai' aura 'isakA yaha abhiprAya hai' kisI prakAra ke upadeza ke binA hI svabhAva se vastu tattva ko jAna lete haiN| inakA yaha svabhAva niyati ke bala se hotA hai|112 isa prakAra kA vivecana TIkAkAra AcArya vijayalAvaNyasUri karate haiN| (vii) uccakulInoM kA svabhAva niyati se niyata- prathama zloka meM 'abhijAti svabhAva' kA nAma nirdeza kiyA hai, jabaki isa zloka meM siddhasena ne uccakulIna vyakti ke svabhAva ko vistAra se pratipAdita kiyA hai samAnAbhijaneSveva gurugauravamAninaH / 113 svabhAvamadhigacchanti na hyagniH smmidhyti| / TIkAkAra kahate haiM ki agni meM dAhaka bhAva samAna rUpa se hai, phira bhI vaha sabako samAna rUpa se nahIM jalAtI / dAhya aura adAhya vastu ke Dhera meM agni dAhya IMdhana ko hI jAtI hai, adAhya ko nhiiN| isa svabhAva meM niyati kAraNa hai / 114 usI prakAra ucca kula vaMza meM utpanna hone vAle hI zreSTha dharma kA upadeza karane vAle aura mahanIya cAritra, pUjyatattva ko mAnane vAle hote haiN| ye samabhAva ye samadRSTi hokara vyavahAra karate haiM, viSamadRSTi banakara nahIM / uccakulIna vyaktiyoM kA yaha svabhAva niyati se hotA hai / 115 (viii) niyativAdI dvArA mAnya sRSTi kA svarUpa- sura-asura aura mAnava kI utpatti ke saMbaMdha meM niyativAdI kI kyA mAnyatA hai tathA unake anusAra sRSTi kA svarUpa kaisA hai Adi bAtoM kI jAnakArI dete hue siddhasena ne 'niyati dvAtriMzikA' ke isa zloka meM kahA hai surAdikrama ekeSAM mAnasA hyutkrmkrmaat| . 116 sukha-duHkhavikalpAcca khaNDiryAno'bhijAtayaH / / TIkAkAra isa zloka para TIkA karate hue likhate haiM- kucha AcAryoM ke mata meM sura ke bAda asura hue aura kisI ke anusAra asura ke bAda sura hue| mana se mAnava utpanna hote haiN| brahmA apanI icchAnusAra krama kA ullaMghana kara prajA (jIvoM) ko utpanna karatA hai| devatAoM ko sukha hI hotA hai, nArakoM ko duHkha hI hotA hai aura

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266 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa manuSyoM ko sukha-duHkha donoM hote haiN| sukha-duHkha ke vibhAga se ye sura haiM, ye naraka haiM aura ye manuSya haiM, isa prakAra kA vibhAjana hotA hai| ye sabhI vibhinna vimAna meM alaga-alaga sthita haiN| sukha-duHkha kA yaha AdhAra bhI niyati kI vyAkhyA karatA (ix) niyativAda dvArA mAnya tattva- siddhasena ne niyativAda meM mAnya tattvoM kA nAmollekha nimna zloka meM kiyA hai vyomAvakAzo nAnyeSAM kAlo dravyaM kriyaavidhiH| sukhaduHkhArajodhAtu-jIvAjIva-nabhAMsi c||18 AcArya vijayalAvaNyasUri ne apanI TIkA meM inakA artha spaSTa kiyA hai'vyomAvakAza:-vyomna AkAzasyAvakAzaH svabhAvaH arthAt avakAza AkAza kA svabhAva hai| kAla-kSaNa-lava-vipala-pala-daNDa-muhUrtAdibhedairvyavatriyamANaH arthAt kSaNa, lava, vipala, pala, daNDa Adi bheda se vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai, vaha kAla hai| dravyaM- 'na tu sUryaparispandAdiH tasya kAlopAdhitvena kAlatvopacArAt' arthAt kAladravya nahIM hai, kintu sUrya parispandana Adi se (rAta-dina) kAla kI upAdhi ko upacAra se dravya kahA gayA hai| kriyA-notkSepaNAvakSepaNAdirUpA arthAt utkSepaNa aura avakSepaNa- ye kriyAe~ nahIM hai| vidhi-nApi dhAtvarthasAmAnyaM nApi pratiSedhaH kintu yajet kuryAdivyAdiliMgAdipratipAdyaH pravartako vidhiH arthAt dhAtvartha sAmAnya nahIM hai, aisA niSedha nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai kintu vidhi rUpa meM yajJa karanA Adi liG Adi kA pratipAdana pravartaka vidhi hai| sukhaduHkharajaHdhAtuH- sukhaduHkha-rajolakSaNo dhAtuH na tu kapha-pitta-vAravAtmatayA prasiddhaH arthAt sukhaduHkha rajo dhAtu kapha-pitta-vAyu se yukta nahIM hai| jIvAjIva nabhAMsi ca-upayogo lakSaNo jIvaH, upayogarahito'jIvaH, nabhaH ggnm| tasyAjIvatve'pi pRthakkathanaM jIvAjIvobhayAdhAratvasvabhAvapratipattyartham arthAt jIva upayoga lakSaNa vAlA hai, upayogarahita ajIva hai| nabha gagana hai| ina tInoM kA pRthak kathana kiyA gayA hai| nabha yadyapi ajIva ke antargata A jAtA hai, phira bhI vaha jIva evaM ajIva donoM kA AdhAra rUpa svabhAva vAlA hai, yaha bodha karAne ke lie hI usakA pRthak kathana kiyA gayA hai| (x) anumAna kA svarUpa niyativAda meM- niyativAdI kula kitane pramANa mAnate haiM, yaha to jJAta nahIM, kintu pratyakSa evaM anumAna pramANa mAnane kA ullekha avazya prApta hotA hai| AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne pratyakSa pramANa to sabhI ko mAnya

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niyativAda 267 hone se usake svarUpa kI carcA nahIM kI, kintu niyativAda ke anusAra anumAna pramANa ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana kiyA hai anumAnaM manovRttiranvayanizcayAtmikA / traikAlyAMgAdivRttAntA heturavyabhicArataH / / 119 arthAt anvaya-nizcayAtmikA manovRtti hI anumAna hai| vaha bhUta-bha - bhaviSyavartamAna tInoM kAloM kA aMga banatI hai tathA sAdhya meM bhI lAgU hotI hai| avyabhicAra ke kAraNa hetu se sAdhya kA jJAna hotA hai| yaha hI anumAna hai| 2. kartRtvavAda (AtmavAda) ke khaNDana meM niyativAda kA pratipAdana niyati dvAtriMzikA ke gujarAtI anuvAdaka evaM vivaraNakAra muni zrI bhuvanacandra jI ne ullekha kiyA hai ki AcArya siddhasena divAkara ke samaya niyativAdI anAtmavAdI bana gae the| 120 yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArya siddhasena dvArA niyati dvAtriMzikA meM AtmavAda kA nirasana karate hue niyativAda ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa kiyA gyaa| AtmavAda ke khaNDana ke sAtha jo niyativAda kA svarUpa aMkita hai, use yahA~ prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai (i) zarIra Adi kA kartA AtmA nahIM AtmavAda kA mata hai- AtmA hI saba kucha karatA hai| AtmA hI zarIra, indriya vRtti se utpanna sukha-duHkha Adi meM svatantra rUpa se kAraNa hai| isa hetu kA AcArya siddhasena khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM zarIrendriyaniSpattau yo nAma svayamaprabhuH / 121 tasya kaH kartRvAdo'stu tadAyattAsu vRttiSu / / arthAt zarIra aura indriya kI niSpatti meM jo svayaM asamartha hai, vaha AtmA kartA kaise ho sakatA hai? yAnI nahIM ho sktaa| TIkAkAra ne isa tarka kA vistArita rUpa prastuta karate hue kahAatisannikaTa aura atyanta upakArI zarIra kA AtmA karttA nahIM hai aura na hI indriyoM ke nirmANa kA hetu hai| AtmA ke atirikta Izvara, kAla, dRSTa Adi bhI zarIra ke aMga-pratyaMga ke svarUpa kI utpatti meM sahAyaka nahIM bnte| apitu niyati ke mAhAtmya se hI bhrUNa vIrya khUna ke saMyoga se utpanna bubud, kalala (bhrUNa kI avasthAoM ke nAma) Adi avasthAoM meM pariNata hokara hasta-pAda- mastaka Adi se niSpanna hotA hai| niyati ke kAraNa hI manuja deva pakSI Adi vilakSaNa jAti zarIra meM utpanna hotI hai| 122

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268 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa (ii) jagadvaicitrya aura dharma-adharma kA apratyakSa rUpa kartRtvavAda ko siddha karane meM asamartha- kartRtvavAda kartA pradhAna hai tathA usameM karttA kI icchA yA prayatna hI mukhya AdhAra hai| kartRtvavAda ke isa pakSa kA khaNDana karate hue AcArya vijayalAvaNyasari tarka dete haiM ki kartA kI icchAnusAra jagat meM kArya hotA nahIM dekhA jaataa| jaise-sabhI jIva duHkha nahIM cAhate aura na hI nIca kula-gotra Adi kI icchA karate haiM, apitu ve to atizaya sukha aura ucca kula kI kAmanA karate haiN| kintu sabhI jIvoM ko cAhane para bhI sukha va ucca kula nahIM miltaa| yadi puruSa prayatna yA icchA hI sabhI kAryoM kA kAraNa mAnI jAe to saba sukhI ho jAyeMge, phira sukha-duHkha rUpa jagadvaicitrya dRSTigocara nahIM hogaa| kintu vastusthiti aisI nahIM hone se AtmavAda yA kartRtvavAda anucita siddha hotA hai|123 kartRtvavAda ke khaNDana meM eka anya tarka dete hue siddhasena kahate haiM ___ dharmAdharmoM tdaa'nyonynirodhaatishykriyau| dezAdyApekSau ca tayoH kathaM kaH krtRsNbhvH||24 TIkAkAra ne tarka ko samajhAte hue kahA- eka ke.jIvana meM dharma kA atizaya hone se sukha meM utkRSTatA aura dUsare jIva ke dharma kI atizayatA na hone se sukha meM nikRSTatA dekhI jAtI hai| isI prakAra adharma kA atizaya hone para tathA kamI hone para duHkha meM bhI kramazaH utkRSTatA aura kamI AtI hai| ye sabhI deza, kAla Adi kI apekSA rakhate haiN| dharma-adharma donoM AtmavAda ko siddha karane meM samartha nahIM hai; kyoMki dharma-adharma pratyakSa rUpa se anubhava nahIM kiye jaate| ata: ye kisI kArya ke kartA nahIM ho skte| isa prakAra dharma-adharma ke svabhAva kA niyamana niyati se saMbhava hai|125 (iii) upAdAna-nimitta kAraNa se kartRprAdhAnyavAda kA ghAta- upAdAna aura nimitta kAraNoM ke sAtha AtmA ko kartA svIkAra karane para svamata (AtmavAda) svataH nirasana ko prApta ho jAtA hai| ina bhAvoM se kalita siddhasena ke zabda yatpravRttyopamardaina vRttaM sdsdaatmkm| tadvetaranimittaM vetyubhayaM pkssghaatkm||126 ina gUDha bhAvoM ko apane vicAroM meM pratibimbita karate hue AcArya vijayalAvaNya sUri kahate haiM- kArya kI niSpatti ke anukUla vyApAra hI kArya kA kAraNa hai| ye eka-dUsare se saMvalita rahate haiN| paridRzyamAna arthAt upAdAna kAraNa aura anya atirikta yAnI nimitta kAraNa, donoM ke hone para kArya hotA hai na ki kartA ke vyApAra mAtra se| upAdAna aura nimitta donoM kAraNoM se kartRprAdhAnyavAda kA ghAta hotA

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269 niyativAda hai, kyoMki kAraka vyApAra se niSpAdita kArya se karttA atirikta hotA hai / una nimitta kAraNoM ke hone se kartA hI kAraNa hai, yaha pakSa siddha nahIM hotA hai| niyati Adi se niyamita upAdAna hI sat kArya meM vyApAra karatA hai| yaha niyati hI kArya kI nimitta hotI hai| isa prakAra AtmavAda kA nirasana hotA hai| 127 (iv) dRSTAntamAtra se AtmavAda ko siddha karanA asaMbhava- AtmavAdI eka dRSTAnta se apane mata kA pratipAdana karate hue kahate haiM- grAmAdhyakSa, dezAdhyakSa aura pradhAna senApati Adi se yukta rAjA, rAjya prazAsana Adi kArya meM svatantra bhI hotA hai aura anyathA bhI karane meM samartha hotA hai tathA jIva bhI dRSTa, adRSTa kAraNoM se yukta hokara sukhAdi kArya ko karane meM svataMtra bhI hotA hai, parataMtra bhI hotA hai aura anyathA karane meM bhI samartha hotA hai| 128 rAjA ke dRSTAnta se AtmavAda kA pratipAdana karanA AkAza- kusuma ko siddha karane ke samAna hai| isa abhiprAya se diyA gayA siddhasena kA nimna tarka na dRSTAntIkRtA zakteH svAtantryaM prtissidhyte| animittaM nimittAni nimittAnItyavAritam / / 129 isa zloka ke antarnihita bhAva ko prakAzita karate hue TIkAkAra kahate haiMrAjA Adi kA dRSTAnta yukti rahita hai / vAdI ko kartA kA svAtantrya svIkRta hai, dRSTAnta mAtra se siddha kI gaI bAta ko nirAkRta karane kA prayAsa karanA vyartha hai| kyoMki vAGmAtra se kisI vastu ko svIkAra karane vAlA vaktA kA mukha TeDhA nahIM hotA hai, aura na hI isa prakAra se siddha kI gaI vastu ko siddhi kI zreNi meM liyA jA sakatA hai| ataH vAstava meM asiddha vastu kA niSedha karanA upayukta nahIM hai| vastutaH jIva ke kartA ke svAtantrya kA abhAva hai| animitta kA pratiSedha nahIM kiyA jAtA, apitu sanimitta kA pratiSedha kiyA jAtA hai| sukha-duHkha kI utpatti AtmA kI apekSA se nahIM hotI, apitu dRSTa- adRSTa (dharma-adharma) ke nimitta se hotI hai| ye dRSTaadRSTa niyati se hote haiN| ' 130 isa prakAra siddhasenasUri kI niyatidvAtriMzikA meM niyativAda ke saMbaMdha meM vibhinna tathya prakaTa hue haiN| haribhadasUrikRta zAstravArtA samuccaya meM niyativAda zAstravArtA samuccaya meM mUrdhanya dArzanika haribhadrasUri (8vIM zatI) ne vibhinna yuktiyoM se niyativAda kA upasthApana kiyA hai| inake TIkAkAra yazovijaya ne apanI tIkSNa mati se una sAragarbhita yuktiyoM ko sugama banAkara prastuta kiyA hai

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270 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 1. vastu kA sAdhAraNa dharma : niyatijanyatA . sabhI padArtha niyatarUpa se hI utpanna hote haiN| niyata rUpa kA artha hai- vastu kA vaha asAdhAraNa dharma jo usake sajAtIya aura vijAtIya vastuoM se vyAvRtta hotA hai| yaha rUpa vastu ke svabhAva kA anugAmI hotA hai evaM sadRza padArthoM meM svabhAva se hI anugata hotA hai| niyata rUpa se padArthoM kI utpatti yaha mAnane ko bAdhita karatI hai ki sabhI padArtha kisI aise tattva se utpanna hote haiM, jisase utpanna hone vAle padArthoM meM niyatarUpatA kA niyamana hotA hai- padArthoM ke kAraNabhUta usa tattva kA hI nAma 'niyati' hai| utpanna hone vAle padArthoM meM niyatimUlaka ghaTanAoM kA hI saMbaMdha hotA hai isalie bhI sabhI ko niyatijanya mAnanA Avazyaka hai|31 jaisA ki kahA hai niyatenaiva rUpeNa sarve bhAvA bhavanti yt| tato niyatijA hyete ttsvruupaanuvedhtH||132 TIkAkAra kahate haiM- tIkSNa zastra kA prahAra hone para bhI sabakI mRtyu nahIM hotI, kintu kucha loga hI marate haiM aura kucha loga jIvita raha jAte haiN| isakI utpatti ke lie yaha mAnanA Avazyaka hai ki prANI kA jIvana aura maraNa niyati para nirbhara hai| jisakA maraNa jaba niyatisammata hotA hai taba usakI mRtyu hotI hai aura jisakA jIvana jaba taka niyati asammata hai taba taka mRtyu kA prasaMga bAra-bAra Ane para bhI vaha jIvita hI rahatA hai, usakI mRtyu nahIM hotii|123 2. pramANasiddha niyati jo pramANasiddha kAraNa hai, usakA koI bhI vidvAn kisI tarka se khaNDana nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki pramANasiddha padArtha meM bAdhaka tarka kA praveza nahIM hotA hai| niyati ke svarUpa ke anusAra hI jagat meM ghaTAdi kAryoM kI utpatti dekhI jAtI hai, isalie niyati pramANa se siddha hai| niyati kA svarUpa batAte hue haribhadrasUri kahate haiM yahAdaiva yato yAvattadaiva ttstthaa| niyataM jAyate, nyAyAtka etAM bAdhituM kSamaH 34 jo kArya jisa samaya jisase jisa rUpa meM utpanna honA hotA hai, vaha niyata rUpa se usI samaya usI kAraNa se usI rUpa meM utpanna hotA hai| niyatirUpaviziSTa kArya kI utpatti hI niyati kI sattA meM pramANa hai, kyoMki yadi niyata rUpa se kArya kI utpatti kA koI niyAmaka nahIM hogA to kArya kI

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niyativAda 271 niyatarUpatA Akasmika ho jAegI arthAt kisI vastu kA koI niyatarUpa siddha na ho skegaa| 135 3. niyati ke binA muddra- pAka bhI azakya saMsAra meM niyati ke binA mUMga kA pAka bhI nahIM dekhA jAtA, jaisA ki haribhadra sUri kahate haiM na carte niyatiM loke mudrapaktirapIkSyate / ,136 tatsvabhAvAdibhAve'pi nAsAvaniyatA yataH / / svabhAva Adi bhAvoM kA vyApAra svIkAra karane para bhI mUMgoM kA pakanA aniyata hotA hai| niyati hI mUMga ke pakane yA na pakane meM kAraNa hotI hai| 4. kArya kA samyak nizcaya : niyati daNDa Adi sabhI kAraNoM kI upalabdhi hone para ghaTa avazya hotA hai- aisA samyak nizcaya nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki daNDa Adi sabhI hetuoM ke hone para bhI aneka bAra pratibandhaka kAraNoM se ghaTotpatti nahIM ho paatii| ataH daNDa Adi ke hone para ghaTotpatti kI kevala saMbhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai, nizcayAtmaka rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| isalie samyak nizcaya ke abhAva meM kArya ke dRSTa kAraNoM se kArya kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI, kintu 'jisakA honA niyata hai vaha hotA hI hai' yaha samyak nizcaya hai, kyoMki isameM viparItatA nahIM hotI / ataH isa nizcaya se niyati meM kArya kI janakatA kI siddhi nirbAdha hai| 137 koI yaha prazna karatA hai ki 'kArya kI utpatti ke pUrva kAryArthI ko niyati kA nizcaya nahIM hotA hai to phira kArya ke utpAdanArtha usakI pravRtti kaise hogI ? taba niyativAdI uttara dete haiM ki kAryArthI kI pravRtti niyati kA jJAna hue binA hI hotI hai| vaha 'kArya kI utpatti avazya hogI' isa bAta ke nizcaya se pravRtta nahIM hotA, vaha to yahI socakara pravRtta hotA hai ki yadi niyati hogI to kArya avazya hI hogaa| ataH kArya ke lie jo kucha vaha kara sakatA hai vaha use karanA caahie| ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki kAryArthI kI pravRtti avidyA se hI hotI hai, kArya kI siddhi to niyativaza sampanna hotI hai| 138 5. niyati binA kArya meM sarvAtmakatA kI Apatti niyati ke pakSa meM eka anya hetu dete hue haribhadrasUri kahate haiM

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272 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa anyathA'niyatatvena sarvabhAva: prsjyte| anyonyAtmakatApatteH kriyAvaiphalyameva c||239 tAtparya yaha hai ki yadi kArya ko niyatijanya nahIM mAneMge to kArya meM niyatarUpatA kA koI niyAmaka nahIM bnegaa| niyAmakatA ke abhAva meM utpanna hone vAle kAryoM meM sarvAtmakatA kI Apatti A jaaegii| sarvAtmakatA se abhiprAya eka hI kAraNa se sabhI kAryoM kA honA hai| kArya ke sarvAtmaka hone para ghaTa-paTa Adi kAryoM meM koI antara nahIM raha jAegA arthAt unameM anyonyAtmakatA ho jaaegii| isa prakAra eka kArya ke utpanna hone para anya kArya bhI siddha ho jaayeNge| anyonyAtmakatA kI prasakti hone se kriyA karanA nirarthaka ho jaaegaa| niyati ko svIkAra karane para sarvAtmakatA kI Apatti nahIM ho sktii| kyoMki bhinna-bhinna kAryoM yA bhinna-bhinna vyaktiyoM kA tattA (unakA vaisA honA) niyatimUlaka dharma hai| niyati tattA viziSTa hI vyakti ko utpanna karatI hai| ataH isameM sarvAtmakatA, anyonyAtmakatA Adi doSoM kA avakAza nahIM hai| loka tattva nirNaya meM niyativAda AcArya haribhadrasUri (8vIM zatI) ne apane grantha 'loka tattva nirNaya' meM niyativAda kA svarUpa pratipAdita karate hue likhA hai svacchandato na hi dhanaM na guNo na vidyA, nApyeva dharmAcaraNaM na sukhaM na duHkhm| Aruhya sArathivazena kRtAMtayAnaM, daivaM yato nayati tena pathA vrjaami|| 40 dhana, guNa, vidyA, dharmAcaraNa, sukha aura duHkha svacchandatA se prApta nahIM hote haiN| jaise kRtAMta (yamarAja) ke yAna meM ArUDha hone para vyakti sArathi ke vazIbhUta ho jAtA hai usI prakAra daiva jisa ora le jAtA hai jIva usI mArga se jAtA hai| yazovijayakRta nayopadeza meM niyativAda satrahavIM zatI meM nyAyAcArya yazovijaya ne nayopadeza meM niyativAda kA nAmollekha mithyAtva ke 6 sthAna ke antargata kiyA hai| ve 6 sthAna isa prakAra haiM 1. nAsti AtmA- cArvAka mata 2. na nitya: - kSaNikavAdI bauddhamata

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3. na kartA na bhoktA/ na kartA- sAMkhya mata 4. na bhoktA - vedAnta mata 5. nAsti nirvRti - mImAMsaka mata 6. asti mukti: paraM tadupAyo, nAsti sarvabhAvAnAM niyatatvenAkasmAdeva bhAvAditi / - niyativAdI yahA~ niyativAdI kA mantavya hai ki mukti to hai, kintu usakA upAya nahIM hai| sabhI bhAvoM (padArthoM/ kAryoM) ke niyata hone se saba kucha akasmAt hI hotA hai| tilokaRSi dvArA nibaddha kAvya meM niyativAda Adhunika yuga ke santa zrI tilokaRSi (vi.saM. 1930) ne 'niyativAda' ko isa prakAra padyabaddha kiyA hai142_ bhavitavyavAdI kahe suNare svabhAva mUDha, bhavitavya binA kou kAja na sarata hai| aMba mora basaMta meM lAgata hai keI lAkha, keI khire-khoTo keI aMba ke parata hai / / udadhi tirata phuni bhramata jaMgala bIca, karata jatana kou bhAvo na Tarata hai| hotaba ke vaza binaciMtavyo milata Apa bina hI niyata hoNahAra na Tarata hai| mandodarI samajhAyo rAvaNa ko bhA~ta bhA~ta, mAno nahIM bAta svayaM cakra thI marata hai| madirA prasaMga dvArAmati ko dahaNa suNa, karata jatana hari toI bhI jarata hai| parazurAma pharasI se mAre kSatrI keI lAkha, sambhu mAra liyo tAkU~, pharasI harata hai| niyativAda 273

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274 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa senApati deva kI na mAnI sabhI bAta kachu niyati ke vaza ho udadhi meM marata hai| brahmadatta cakravartI tA* deve seo kaI, hotava thI sole varSa adhika phirata hai| vATa ur3a jAne kiso sIcANe ne roka lIvI, khalaye pAradhI tIra vANa le dharata hai| tiNa same aheDIko Dasyo nAga acAnaka chUTo hAtha setI tIra sIcANo marata hai| ur3a gayo paMkhIyo so Ala nahIM Ayo raMca, niyati ke vazakara vighana Tarata hai| jhaTa kAlagata keI raNa mAMhI bace nara, niyati ke vaza sAsa dhIra na dharata hai| U~Ta azva sasAdika zRMga nahIM uge kachu abhavI na jAne mokSa leSTu na tarata hai| janma maraNa jarA vyAdhi roga soga joga duHkha sukha bhUkhAdika niyati karata hai|| arthAt bhavitavyatAvAdI apane pakSa ko sudRr3ha karate hue kahate haiM ki bhavitavya ke binA koI bhI kArya nahIM hotA hai| basanta Rtu meM vRkSoM para Ama bAra-bAra lagate haiM, parantu unameM se kucha Ama khaTTI avasthA (kacce) meM tathA kucha Ama pakane ke bAda girate haiN| koI vyakti bhavitavyatA ke vaza samudra meM girakara bhI baca jAtA hai evaM honahAra ke kAraNa hI vanoM meM bhaTakatA hai| karor3oM prayatna karane ke bAvajUda bhI niyata honahAra TalatI nahIM hai| honahAra ke kAraNa hI vicAra kiye binA hI vastu mila jAtI hai| jo hone vAlI bAta nahIM hai, vaha prayatnazIla rahane para bhI nahIM hotI hai| jisa prakAra mandodarI rAnI ne apane svAmI rAvaNa ko aneka prakAra se samajhAyA, parantu usane bAta ko sunI anasunI kara dii| anta meM apane hI cakra se honahAra ke kAraNa khuda mara

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niyativAda 275 gyaa| madirApAna ke kAraNa dvArakApurI kA dahana hogA, aisA sunakara zrI kRSNa jI ne dvArakA ko bacAne ke aneka prayatna kiye phira bhI honahAra ke vaza dvArakApurI jala hI gaI, bacI nhiiN| parazurAma ne apane pharase ke dvArA lAkhoM kSatriyoM ko mArA, parantu anta meM saMbhu arthAt subhUma cakravartI ke dvArA parazurAma mArA gyaa| yaha saba niyati ke mAhAtmya se hI saMbhava ho paayaa| subhUma cakravartI ne sAtavA~ khaNDa sAdhane kA nizcaya kiyA, usa samaya senApati evaM sevA meM rahane vAle devatAoM ne prArthanA kI ki chaH khaNDa ke Upara sAtaveM khaNDa ko sAdhane kI maryAdA cakravartI kI nahIM hai, arthAt sAtaveM khaNDa ko jItane kI icchA mata karo, parantu vaha bAta na mAnI, jisase honahAra ke kAraNa unheM samudra meM girakara maranA pdd'aa| brahmadatta nAma ke cakravartI the, unakI bhI sevA meM devatA rahate the| kintu honahAra ke kAraNa unheM bhI solaha varSa bhaTakanA pdd'aa| ___ yahA~ niyati kA mahattva eka dRSTAnta dekara dikhalAyA gayA hai| eka pakSI ur3akara AkAza mArga se jA rahA thA, tabhI pakSiyoM ko mArane vAle sIcAnaka pakSI ne usako dekhA aura AkramaNa kara diyaa| usI samaya pakSI ko mArane ke lie zikArI ne bANa chor3A, akasmAt sA~pa ne usa zikArI ko Dasa khaayaa| Dasane ke kAraNa nizAnA cUka gayA tathA sIcAnaka pakSI mArA gyaa| ata: jisa pakSI para zikArI ne nizAnA lagAyA thA, vaha to ur3a gayA, kucha bhI coTa nahIM AI, badale meM sIcAnaka pakSI mArA gyaa| arthAt niyati ke kAraNa vighna bhI Tala jAte haiN| bhavitavyatA ke vaza hokara raNa saMgrAma meM jAkara kitane hI maraNa ko prApta hote haiM evaM kitane hI baca jAte haiN| niyativaza hokara hI dhIra AdamI ko sAhasa utpanna nahIM hotaa| U~Ta, ghor3e, kharagoza ityAdi ke niyati ke kAraNa hI zRMga nahIM Ate evaM abhavI ko mokSa prApta nahIM hotaa| niyati ke kAraNa patthara pAnI para nahIM tairatA hai| janma, jarA, maraNa, vyAdhi, roga, zoka, yoga, duHkha, sukha evaM bhUkha Adi niyati ke bala para hI hote haiN| digambara granthoM meM niyati kI carcA svayambhUstotra meM niyati niyati ke saMbaMdha meM samantabhadra (chaThI zatI) kA yaha zloka prasiddha hai "alajhyAzaktirbhavitavyateyaM hetudvyaavisskRtkaarylinggaa| anIzvaro janturahakriyAtaH saMhatya kAryeSviti saadhvvaadiiH|| '543

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276 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa arthAt upAdAna aura nimitta ina donoM hetuoM (kAraNoM) dvArA utpanna hone vAle kArya se jisakA jJAna hotA hai, aisI bhavitavyatA durnivAra hai| kyoMki ahaMkAra se pIr3ita yaha prANI taMtra-maMtrAdi sahakArI kAraNoM ko milAkara bhI sukhAdi kAryoM ke utpanna karane meM anIzvara (asamartha) hai| aSTazatI meM bhavitavyatA akalaMka deva(720-780 I.zatI) ne bhI 'aSTazatI' meM bhavitavyatA ke saMbaMdha meM eka bahuta hI sundara zloka uddhata kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai tAdRzI jAyate buddhirvyavasAyazca taadRshH| sahAyAstAdRzAH santi yAdRzI bhvitvytaa|| jaisI bhavitavyatA hotI hai vaisI hI buddhi ho jAtI hai, vyavasAya (prayatna) bhI vaisA hI hotA hai aura sahAyaka bhI vaise hI mila jAte haiN| gommaTasAra evaM svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA meM niyati niyati ko paribhASita karate hue gommaTasAra karmakANDa meM kahA haijattu jadA jeNa jahA jassa ya NiyameNa hodi tattu tdaa| teNa tahA tassa have idi vAdo NiyadivAdo du||144 arthAt jo, jaba, jisake dvArA, jaise, jisakA niyama se hone vAlA hai, vaha usI kAla meM, usI ke dvArA, usI rUpa se niyama se usakA hotA hai, aisA niyati kA svarUpa mAnanA niyativAda hai| . niyati koI vastubhUta padArtha nahIM hai| na vaha koI dravya hai, na kisI dravya kA koI guNa hai aura na kisI kI koI pryaay| niyati usa kAla kA nAma hai jisameM koI vivakSita kArya siddha honA hotA hai| isI prakAra bhavitavya bhI usa kArya kA nAma hai jo usa kAla meM siddha honA hotA hai| 'niyati' zabda kAlasUcaka hai aura 'bhavitavya' bhaavsuuck| 'niyati' kA artha hai nizcita samaya para kisI kArya kA honA bhavitavya' kA artha hai vaha kArya jo ki usa nizcita samaya meM hone yogya hai| 'niyati' yA nizcita samaya dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva, nimitta va puruSArtha saba para lAgU hotA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki jisa dravya meM kArya yA avasthA utpanna honI hotI hai vaha usa samaya nizcita samaya nizcita rUpa se vahI hotA hai, jisa sthAna para vaha kArya honA hotA hai vaha kSetra bhI usa samaya nizcita rUpa se vahI hotA hai, vaha samaya bhI nizcita rUpa se vahI hotA hai, jisa prakAra kA tathA jo kArya honA hotA hai vaha kArya yA bhavitavya bhI usa samaya vahI hotA

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niyativAda 277 hai, jisa nimitta se honA hotA hai, vaha nimitta bhI usa samaya vahI hotA hai aura jisa prakAra ke puruSArtha dvArA honA hotA hai vaha bhI usa samaya nizcita rUpa se vahI hotA hai| ina bhAvoM ko 'svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA' kI nimnAMkita gAthAe~ pramANita karatI haiM jaM jassa jammi dese jeNa vihANeNa jammi kaalmmi| NAdaM jiNeNa NiyadaM jammaM vA ahava maraNaM vaa|| taM tassa tammi dese teNa vihANeNa tammi kaalmmi| ko sakkadi vArehU~ iMdo vA taha jiNiMdo vaa|| 45 arthAt jisa jIva ke jisa deza meM, jisa kAla meM, jisa vidhAna se jo janma athavA maraNa jinadeva ne niyata rUpa se jAnA hai, usa jIva ke usI deza meM, usI kAla meM, usI vidhAna se vaha avazya hotA hai, use indra athavA jinendra bhI TAlane meM samartha nahIM hai| padArtha kI pratyeka paryAya kA dravya, kSetra. kAla aura bhAva niyata hai| pratyeka padArtha meM prati samaya pUrva paryAya naSTa hotI hai aura uttara paryAya utpanna hotI hai| pUrva paryAya uttara paryAya kA upAdAna kAraNa hai aura uttara paryAya pUrva paryAya kA kArya hai| isalie pUrva paryAya se jo cAhe uttara paryAya utpanna nahIM ho sakatI, kintu niyata uttara paryAya hI utpanna hotI hai| uttara paryAya ke niyata hone se sarvajJa use apane jJAna meM usa rUpa meM jAna lete haiN| niyata paryAya nahIM mAnane para miTTI ke piNDa meM sthAsa kosa paryAya ke binA bhI ghaTa paryAya bana jaaegii| ata: yaha mAnanA hogA ki pratyeka paryAya kA dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva niyata hai| kintu kucha loga pratyeka paryAya kA dravya, kSetra aura bhAva to niyata mAnate haiM, kintu kAla ko niyata nahIM svIkAra krte| unake anusAra kAla ko niyata mAnane se pauruSa vyartha ho jAtA hai| kintu vAstavikatA yaha nahIM hai kyoMki samaya se pahale kisI kAma ko pUrA kara lene se hI pauruSa kI sArthakatA nahIM hotii| udAharaNArtha- kisAna yogya samaya para gehU~ botA hai aura khUba zramapUrvaka khetI karatA hai| usake bAda hI niyata kAla meM pakakara gehU~ taiyAra hotA hai| niyata kAla meM gehU~ ke hone se kyA kisAna kA pauruSa vyartha ho jAegA? yadi vaha pauruSa na karatA to samaya para usakI khetI pakakara taiyAra na hotI, ata: kAla kI niyatatA meM pauruSa ke vyartha hone kI AzaMkA nirmUla hai| isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki dravya, kSetra aura bhAva niyata hote hue kAla aniyata nahIM ho sktaa| yadi kAla ko aniyata mAnA jAegA to kAlalabdhi jaisI

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278 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa koI cIja hI nahIM rhegii| saMsAra paribhramaNa kA kAla ardhapudgala parAvartana se adhika zeSa rahane para bhI samyaktva prApta ho jAegA aura binA usa kAla ko pUrA kiye hI mukti ho jaaegii| ataH pratyeka padArtha kI paryAya dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva se niyata hai| jainAgama evaM dArzanika granthoM meM niyativAda kA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana aba yahA~ jainAgamoM evaM anya prAcIna granthoM ke AdhAra para niyativAda ko pUrva meM prastuta kara usakA khaNDana kiyA jaaegaa| sUtrakRtAMga aura usakI TIkA meM, praznavyAkaraNa kI TIkAoM meM, sanmati tarka kI TIkA meM, dvAdazAranayacakra meM, zAstravArtA samuccaya meM, dharmasaMgrahaNi meM, jaina tattvAdarza Adi granthoM meM vibhinna takoM ke dvArA niyativAda ke aikAntika pakSa ko anupayukta yA mithyA batalAyA gayA hai| sUtrakRtAMga aura usakI zIlAMka TIkA meM niyativAda kA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama adhyayana meM svasiddhAnta tathA parasiddhAnta kI vyAkhyA samupalabdha hotI hai| parasiddhAnta ke antargata paMcabhUtavAdI, Atma-advaitavAdI, niyativAdI Adi kaI siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana isa Agama meM milatA hai| niyativAda kA nirUpaNa nimnAMkita gAthA meM huA hai sayaM kaDaM na aNNehiM, vedayaMti puDho jiyaa| saMgaiaMtaM tahA tesiM, ihamegesiM aahi||16 arthAt sukha aura duHkha na to svayaM kA kiyA huA hai aura na dUsare ke dvArA kiyA huA hai| yaha to sAMgatika hai, aisA isa dArzanika jagat meM kinhIM (niyativAdiyoM) kA kathana hai| jIvoM dvArA sukha-duHkha ko bhoganA saMgaiaM arthAt niyatikRta hai| gAthA meM vidyamAna 'saMgaiaM' pada ko vyAkhyAyita karate hue zIlAMkAcArya (9-10vIM zatI) kahate haiM- "niyativAdI svAbhiprAyamAviSkaroti 'saMgaiaM' tti, samyak pariNAmena gati:- yasya yadA yatra yatsukhaduHkhAnubhavanaM sA saMgatirniyatistasyAM bhavaM sAMgatikaM, yatazcaivaM na puruSakArAdi kRtaM sukhaduHkhAdi atastatteSAM prANinAM niyatikRtaM sAMgatikamityucyate tAtparya hai ki niyativAdI samyak arthAt apane pariNAma se jo gati hai use 'saMgati' kahate haiN| jisa jIva ko jisa samaya jahA~ jisa sukha-duHkha ko anubhava karanA hotA hai, vaha saMgati kahalAtI hai| yaha saMgati hI niyati hai aura isa niyati se jo sukha-duHkha utpanna hote haiM, use 'sAMgatika' kahate haiN| ata:

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niyativAda 279 prANiyoM ke sukha-duHkha Adi unake udyoga dvArA kie hue nahIM, kintu unakI niyati dvArA kie hue haiM, isalie ve sAMgatika kahalAte haiN| jo sukha-duHkhAdi kI prApti hotI hai vaha puruSakArakRta kAraNa se janya nahIM hai| yadi puruSakAra kRta sukhAdi kA anubhava ho to sevaka, vaNik, karSaka Adi ke dvArA samAna puruSArtha karane para phala-prApti meM visadRzatA nahIM honI cAhie, kintu visadRzatA dekhI jAtI hai tathA kabhI-kabhI phala kI aprApti bhI dekhI jAtI hai| kisI ke sevA Adi vyApAra na karane para bhI viziSTa phala kI prApti dekhI jAtI hai| isalie puruSakAra se kucha bhI prApta nahIM hotaa| to phira kisase prApta hotA hai? niyati se hI saba kucha prApta hotA hai| kAla bhI kArya kA kartA nahIM hai, usake eka rUpa hone ke kAraNa se jagat meM phala kI vicitratA utpanna nahIM ho sktii| kAraNa kA abheda hone para bhI kArya kA bheda dekhA jAtA hai| kAraNa kA bheda nahIM hone se sukha-duHkha IzvarakartRka bhI nahIM hai| svabhAva ko bhI kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, vaha puruSa se bhinna hai yA abhinna? yadi bhinna hai to puruSa ke Azrita sukha-duHkha ko karane meM samartha nahIM ho sktaa| yadi abhinna hai to vaha puruSa hI hogA aura usakI akartakatA kaha dI gaI hai| karma kI bhI sukha-duHkha ke prati kartRtA saMbhava nahIM hai| kyoMki usake bhI do vikalpa hote haiM vaha karma puruSa se bhinna hai yA abhinn| yadi abhinna hai to puruSa mAtra hone kI Apatti AtI hai| yadi bhinna hai to vaha sacetana hai yA acetana? yadi sacetana hai to eka hI zarIra meM do caitanya kI Apatti AtI hai| yadi acetana hai to pASANa khaNDa Adi kI bhA~ti sukha-duHkha ko utpanna karane meM usakA kartRtva nahIM ho sktaa|149 sukha aura duHkha donoM hI saiddhika aura asaiddhika donoM prakAra ke hote haiN| phUlamAlA, candana aura sundara strI Adi ke upabhogarUpa siddhi se utpanna sukha 'saiddhika' hai tathA cAbuka se mAranA aura garma lohe se dAganA Adi siddhi se utpanna duHkha 'saiddhika' hai| jisakA bAhya kAraNa jJAta nahIM hai aisA jo Ananda rUpa sukha manuSya ke hRdaya meM acAnaka utpanna hotA hai vaha asaiddhika sukha hai tathA jvara, ziraH pIr3A aura zUla Adi duHkha jo apane aMga se utpanna hote haiM ve asaiddhika duHkha haiN| ye donoM hI sukha aura duHkha puruSa ke apane udyoga se utpanna nahIM hote haiM tathA ye kAla Adi kisI anya padArtha ke dvArA bhI utpanna nahIM kie jAte haiN| ina donoM prakAra ke sukha-duHkhoM ko prANI alaga-alaga bhogate haiN| ye sukha-duHkha prANiyoM ko kyoM hote haiM, isa vivAdAspada viSaya meM niyativAdiyoM kA yaha mantavya hai- 'bhAgyabala se zubha athavA azubha jo bhI milane vAlA hotA hai vaha manuSya ko avazya prApta hotA hai| mahAn prayatna karane para bhI jo honahAra nahIM hai vaha nahIM hotA hai aura jo hone vAlA hai usakA nAza nahIM hotA hai|50

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280 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa niyativAda kA nirasana (i) sukha-duHkha kI niyatAniyatatA- AgamakAra niyativAda ke sthApana ke pazcAt nirasana karate hue kahate haiM evameyANi japaMtA, bAlA pNddiamaanninno| niyayAniyayaM saMtaM, ayANaMtA ashuddhiyaa|| 51 arthAt ajJAnI aura apane Apako paNDita mAnane vAle niyativAdI sukhaduHkha Adi ko niyata tathA aniyata donoM hI prakAra kA nahIM jAnate hue buddhihIna haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki Aheta matAnusAra koI sukha-duHkha avazya hone vAle yAnI niyata hote haiM, kyoMki una sukha-duHkhoM ke kAraNa svarUpa karma kA kisI avasara vizeSa meM avazya udaya hotA hai| koI sukha-duHkha niyatikRta nahIM hote haiM, apitu puruSa ke udyoga, kAla, Izvara, svabhAva aura karma Adi se kie hue aniyata hote haiN| tathApi niyativAdI sabhI sukha-duHkhoM ko ekAnta rUpa se niyatikRta hI batalAte haiM isalie sukha-duHkha ke kAraNa ko na jAnane vAle niyativAdI buddhihIna haiN|252 Aheta mata arthAt jainamatAnusAra sukha-duHkha Adi kaMthacit niyati se hote haiM arthAt unameM pUrvakRta karma kAraNa hotA hai| karma kA avazyambhAvI udaya hone para sukhaduHkha Adi prApta hote haiN| kaMthacit sukha-duHkha aniyatikRta bhI hote haiN| puruSakAra, kAla, Izvara, svabhAva, karmAdikRta sukha-duHkhAdi kaMthacit aniyatikRta hote haiN| isa prakAra sukha-duHkhAdi udyoga (puruSakAra) sAdhya haiM, kyoMki kriyA se phala kI utpatti hotI hai aura vaha kriyA udyoga yA puruSArtha ke adhIna hai| ataeva kahA bhI hai "na daivamiti sancintya tyjeduymmaatmnH| anudyamena kastailaM tilebhyaH praaptumrhti| '153 arthAt "jo bhAgya meM hai vahI hogA" yaha socakara udyoga nahIM chor3anA cAhie, kyoMki udyoga ke binA tiloM meM se tela kauna prApta kara sakatA hai ? yAnI koI nhiiN| niyativAdI prazna karate haiM ki puruSakAra samAna hone para bhI phala meM vicitratA kyoM dekhI jAtI hai ? samAdhAna karate haiM ki puruSakAra kI vicitratA bhI phala kI vicitratA kA kAraNa hotI hai tathA samAna parizrama karane para bhI jo kisI kA phala nahIM milatA hai, usameM adRSTa kAraNa hai| yaha adRSTa bhI sukha-duHkha kA hetu hai|54

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niyativAda 281 niyativAda meM paraloka hetu kriyA vyartha- sUtrakAra ne niyativAda ke lie "pAsattha"155 zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| jisakA abhiprAya samajhAte hue zIlAMkAcArya ne apanI TIkA meM likhA hai- "yuktikadambakAd bahistiSThantIti pAvasthAH paralokakriyA-pAzavasthA vA, niyatipakSasamAzrayaNAtparalokakriyA-vaiyarthya' 156 arthAt jo yukti samUha se bAhara rahatA hai, use "pArzvastha" kahate haiN| niyativAdI paraloka kI kriyA se bAhara rahate haiM, kyoMki niyati ko hI sabakA kartA mAnane para unakI paraloka kI kriyA vyartha ThaharatI hai| puruSArtha ko vyartha mAnane vAle niyativAdI vipratipanna- 'saba kucha niyati se hI hotA hai' isa siddhAnta ko mAnane vAle niyativAdI paraloka sAdhaka kriyA rUpI virodhI kriyA meM pravRtta hote haiM, jo ki anucita hai|50 isa prakAra niyativAdI vipratipanna haiN| kyoMki ve sad anuSThAna rUpa kriyA evaM asad anuSThAna rUpa kriyA ke puruSArtha ko vyartha mAnate haiM aura isa prakAra virUpa kAma-bhogoM meM saMlagna ho jAte haiN| isa nIti se ve anArya niyativAdI virUpa niyati mArga ko svIkAra karane ke kAraNa vipratipanna haiN| unakA anAryatva isalie hai, kyoMki ve binA yukti ke hI niyativAda kA Azraya lete haiN|158 niyati svata: niyata yA anya niyati se niyantrita- niyativAdiyoM se prazna hai ki niyati svataH hI niyata svabhAvavAlI hai athavA kisI anya niyati se niyantrita yA saMcAlita hotI hai? yadi niyati svataH hI niyati svabhAva vAlI hai to samasta padArthoM meM niyati svabhAvatA ko kyoM nahIM svIkAra kara liyA jaataa| bahuta doSa vAlI pRthak niyati kA samAzraya karane se kyA lAbha ? yadi vaha anya niyati se niyantrita hotI hai to phira vaha anya niyati bhI kisI dUsarI niyati se saMcAlita hogI aura yaha krama calate rahane para anavasthA doSa kA prasaMga upasthita hogaa| isa prakAra niyati ko svabhAva se niyata svabhAva vAlI mAnanA hogA, nAnA svabhAva vAlI nhiiN| eka niyata svabhAva vAlI hone ke kAraNa kArya bhI eka hI AkAra-prakAra kA utpanna hogA aura aisA hone para jagadvaicitrya saMbhava na ho skegaa| jabaki aisA na to dekhA jAtA hai aura na iSTa hI hai| isa prakAra yuktiyoM se vicAra karane para niyati kisI bhI prakAra ghaTita nahIM hotI hai|59 niyati apramANika : pUrvakRta karma kA bhI prabhAva- niyativAdiyoM dvArA jo yaha kahA gayA hai ki kriyAvAdI evaM akriyAvAdI donoM puruSa samAna hote haiM, vastuta: yaha bhI pratIti se bAdhita hotA hai| kyoMki inameM se eka kriyA ko mAnane vAlA

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282 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa hai tathA dUsarA akriyA ko svIkAra karane vAlA hai to unameM tulyatA kaise ho sakatI hai? yadi eka niyati se niyata hone ke kAraNa unameM tulyatA mAnI jAtI hai to ise nikaTastha suhRd pratikAra kaheMge, kyoMki niyati aprAmANika hai| niyati kI apramANatA pahale saMkSepa meM pradarzita kI gaI hai| jo yaha kahA gayA hai ki jisa duHkhAdi kA maiM anubhava karatA hU~, use maiMne utpanna nahIM kiyA- yaha kathana bhI bAlavacana kI bhA~ti hai, kAraNa ki anya janma meM kie gae zubha yA azubha karma kA bhoga isa janma meM kiyA jAtA hai| kyoMki prANI svakRta karmaphala ke svAmI hote haiN|160 jaisA ki kahA gayA hai yadiha kriyate karma, ttprtropbhujyte| mUlasikteSu vRkSeSu, phalaM zAkhAsu jaayte|| yadupAttamanyajanmani zubhamazubhaM vA svakarma prinntyaa| tacchakyamanyathA no kartuM daivAsurairapi hi||969 jo karma yahA~ kiyA jAtA hai usakA phala bhoga paraloka meM kiyA jAtA hai, jaise ki vRkSoM ke mUla siMcana karane para zAkhAoM para phala prApta hotA hai| jo anya janma meM zubha yA azubha karma kiyA jAtA hai, usakA phala prApta kiyA jAtA hai| vaha asuroM ke dvArA bhI parivartanIya nahIM hai| isa prakAra niyativAdI anArya evaM apratipanna hai| ve yukti rahita niyativAda para zraddhA karate hue usako svIkAra karate haiN|162 'apane pairoM para kulhAr3I mAranA' ukti ko caritArtha karate hue ve (niyativAdI) svamata ko svayaM kI virodhI kriyAoM se khaNDita karate haiN| upAsakadazAMga meM niyativAda kA pratyavasthAna upAsakadazAMga sUtra meM niyativAdI AjIvaka mata ke upAsaka sakaDAlapura kA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAtha saMvAda samupalabdha hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne 'niyativAda' siddhAnta ko avyAvahArika evaM asatya ThaharAyA hai| sakaDAlaputra eka kumbhakAra thaa| usakI 1 karor3a svarNamudrAe~ surakSita dhana ke rUpa meM, 1 karor3a svarNamudrAe~ vyApAra meM aura 1 karor3a svarNamudrAe~ ghara ke vaibhava meM lagI thiiN| eka gokula thA, jisameM 10000 gAe~ thiiN| nagara ke bAhara pA~ca sau dukAneM aura bartana banAne kI karmazAlAe~ thiiN| 62 vaha polAsapura nagara kA pratiSThita evaM sampanna vyakti thaa|

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niyativAda 283 eka dina vaha azoka vATikA meM apanI dharma-kriyAoM meM rata thA, usa samaya usake samakSa eka deva prakaTa huaa| usane kahA- "kala prAta: yahA~ mahAn ahiMsaka, apratihata jJAna-darzana ke dhAraka, tInoM kAla ke jJAtA, parama pUjya, rAga-dveSa vijetA jina bhagavAna pdhaareNge| yaha sunakara vaha prAtaH sahasAmra vana meM gayA aura vahA~ bhagavAna mahAvIra ke darzana kara abhibhUta huaa| unake guNoM se prabhAvita hokara usane bhagavAna ko apanI karmazAlA meM zayyA-saMstAraka hetu Amantrita kiyaa| bhagavAna usakI karmazAlA meM padhAre aura vahA~ bhagavAna va sakaDAlaputra ke bIca 'niyativAda' para vizeSa carcA huii| sakaDAlaputra gozAlaka niyativAda kA upAsaka thaa| niyativAda matAnusAra saMsAra ke sabhI padArtha evaM kArya niyatikRta haiM tathA prayatna aura puruSArtha zUnya haiN| isa mAnyatA ko anucita siddha karane hetu bhagavAna sakaDAlaputra se prazna karate haiM ki ye miTTI ke bartana tumhAre prayatna, puruSArtha yA udyama dvArA banate haiM yA prayatna Adi ke binA? taba niyativAdI sakaDAlaputra apane guru gozAlaka ke mata ko sthApita karate hue kahatA hai- 'bhante! aNuTThANeNaM jAva apuriskkaar-prkkmennN| natthi uTThANe i vA jAva parakkame i vA, niyayA savvabhAvA16 arthAt bhagavan ! prayatna, puruSArtha tathA udyama ke binA hI bartana banate haiN| prayatna, puruSArtha evaM udyama kA koI astitva yA sthAna nahIM hai, sabhI bhAva hone vAle kArya niyati nizcita haiN| koI bhI mata saiddhAntika pakSa se hI nahIM vyAvahArika pakSa se bhI utanA hI Thosa evaM puSTa honA caahie| mAtra saiddhAntika pakSa se pratiSThita siddhAnta vacana vilAsa se adhika kucha nahIM hai| yahI doSa batAte hue bhagavAna mahAvIra sakaDAla ko pratyuttara dete haiM- "saddAlaputtA! jai NaM tumbhaM kei purise vAyAhayaM vA pakkelayaM vA kolAlabhaMDaM avaharejjA vA vikkharejjA vA bhiMdejjA vA acchiMdejjA vA pariTThavejjA vA, aggimittAe vA bhAriyAe saddhiM viulAI bhogabhogAI bhuMjamANe viharejjA, tassa NaM tumaM purisassa kiM daMDaM vattejjAsi? bhaMte! ahaM NaM taM parisaM nibhacchejjA vA haNejjA vA baMdhejjA vA mahejjA vA tajjejjA vA tAlejjA vA nicchoDejjA vA ninbhacchejjA akAle jeva jIviyAo vavarovejjA / '165 'sakaDAla putra! yadi koI puruSa havA lage hue yA dhUpa meM sukhAe hue tumhAre miTTI ke bartanoM ko curA le yA bikhera de yA unameM cheda kara de yA unheM phor3a de yA uThAkara bAhara DAla de athavA tumhArI patnI ke sAtha vipula bhoga bhoge, to usa puruSa ko tuma kyA daMDa doge?'

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284 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa sakaDAla putra bolA- "bhante ! maiM use phaTakArUMgA yA pIhU~gA yA bA~dha dU~gA yA rauMda DAlU~gA yA tarjita karU~gA-dhamakAU~gA yA thappar3a-ghUse mArU~gA yA usakA dhana Adi chIna lU~gA yA kaThora vacanoM se usakI bhartsanA karU~gA yA asamaya meM hI usake prANa le lU~gA / " bhagavAna sakaDAla ko samajhAte hue kahate haiM ki yadi sabhI niyatikRta haiM to tumheM ina saba sthitiyoM meM zoka nahIM karanA caahie| kyoMki yaha sabhI sthitiyA~ niyata thii| isake bAvajUda bhI tuma apane siddhAnta ko bhulAkara usa vyakti ko haTAne, mArane Adi kA prayatna karate ho to svamata ko svayaM hI khaNDita karate ho| ataH " to jaM vadasi natthi uTThANe i vA jAva niyayA savvabhAvA, taM te micchA " prayatna, puruSArtha Adi ke na hone kI tathA hone vAle saba kAryoM ke niyata hone kI tumhArI bAta asatya haiN| 166 praznavyAkaraNa kI TIkAoM meM niyativAda kA khaNDana praznavyAkaraNa ke TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri (11vIM zatI) ne "mRSAvAditA caivameSAM sakalaloka pratItapuruSakArApalApena pramANAtItaniyamitAbhyupagamAditi' 1967 zabdoM se niyativAdI ke mata ko mRSA kahA hai| kyoMki samasta loka meM pratIta hone vAle puruSakAra kA apalApa karanA ucita nahIM hai tathA isa prakAra pramANoM se atIta niyatimata ko svIkAra karanA bhI samIcIna nahIM hai| praznavyAkaraNa ke anya TIkAkAra jJAnavimalasUri ne bhI niyativAda ke vipakSa meM kahA hai- "tadapyalIkaM, acetanasya karttRtvAnupalambhAt niyateranAzritatvAnupalambhAt'' 1968 arthAta niyativAdiyoM kA kathana alIka (mithyA) hai, kyoMki acetana kartA upalabdha nahIM hotA aura niyati kisI ke Azrita hI upalabdha hotI hai, anAzrita nahIM / dvAdazAranayacakra meM niyativAda kA upasthApana evaM nirasana mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa (5vIM zatI) ne dvAdazAranayacakra nAmaka grantha meM niyativAda ke svarUpa kA upasthApana kara nirasana kiyA hai| siMhasUri ne nyAyAgamAnusAriNI TIkA meM dvAdazAranayacakra ke pratipAdya ko spaSTa kiyA hai| yahA~ donoM ke AdhAra para niyativAda ke svarUpa kA upasthApana evaM khaNDana prastuta hai / niyativAda kA upasthApana - puruSa na svatantra hai aura na jnyaataa| kyoMki nidrA kI avasthA meM usameM svatantratA nahIM rahatI / jaise- vega se yukta vastu yA vyakti taTa para na rukakara usase Age cale jAte haiN| 169 usI prakAra puruSa samasta kAryoM ko karane meM svatantra nahIM hai| isI prakAra usake jJAtA hone para bhI aniSTa artha kA

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170 niyativAda 285 ApAdAna dekhA jAtA hai| jaise koI vidvAn rAjA parAkramazAlI hokara bhI parAjita hotA huA dekhA jAtA hai, usI prakAra puruSa aniSTa sthitiyoM se yukta dekhA jAtA hai| isakA tAtparya hai ki koI anya acetana kartA hai| aisA koI niyamakArI kAraNa avazya honA cAhie, jo una-una kAryoM ke usa prakAra hone meM tathA anyathA na hone meM kAraNa banatA hai| niyati hI eka mAtra aisA kAraNa hai aura vahI kArya kI kartrI hai| niyati ko kAraNa svIkAra karane para padArthoM ke sadRza yA visadRza kAryoM ke ghaTita hone meM koI vyAghAta nahIM AtA hai| 171 isalie kahA bhI hai prAptavyo niyatibalAzrayeNa yo'rthaH so'vazyaM bhavati nRNAM zubho'zubho vA / bhUtAnAM mahati kRte'pi hi prayatne nAbhAvyaM bhavatina bhAvino'sti nAzaH / / 172 niyati ke bala se hI artha kI prApti hotI hai| manuSyoM kA jo zubha-azubha honA hotA hai, vaha avazya hotA hai| jIvoM ke mahAn prayatna ke bAvajUda bhI bhAvI kA nAza nahIM hotA aura abhAvI nahIM hotA hai| yahA~ yaha zaMkA nahIM karanI cAhie ki sabhI padArthoM ke niyati se Abaddha hone ke kAraNa kriyA aura kriyAphala meM koI niyama nahIM raha jAegA, kyoMki ghaTAdi padArthoM ke mRtpiNDa, daNDa, cakra Adi sAdhanoM se prayatnapUrvaka niSpatti hone meM bhI niyati hI kAraNa hai| 173 yaha niyati padArthoM se bhinna hai yA abhinna? isa prazna ke uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki paramArthataH yaha jagat kA abhinna kAraNa hai / 174 yaha utpadyamAna padArthoM se bhinna nahIM hai, apitu bheda buddhi se utpanna hone vAle padArthoM meM bhI niyati kI abhinnatA rahatI hai| jisa prakAra puruSa meM hone vAlI bAlyAvasthA, kumArAvasthA, yauvanAvasthA Adi puruSa se abhinna hI hotI haiM, usI prakAra niyati bhI kriyA aura kriyA ke phala se abhinna hI hotI hai| 175 bheda meM abheda buddhi kA AbhAsa hone para to niyati kA abheda pratipakSI ko bhI svIkRta hotA hai| kintu bhedabuddhi kA AbhAsa hone para bhI abheda svIkAra karanA cAhie, kyoMki jisa prakAra sthANu aura puruSa alaga-alaga hote haiM, phira bhI unameM UrdhvatA sAmAnya kI apekSA abheda rahatA hai| 176 isI prakAra kriyA aura kriyA-phala rUpa sabhI niyatiyoM meM abheda hotA hai / 77 niyati ko kathaMcit bhedAbheda rUpa bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| kAryoM kI nikaTatA evaM dUratA ke AdhAra para use pratyAsanna evaM apratyAsanna bhI mAnA gayA hai| 178 eka hI niyati se dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva kI apekSA se vibhinna svarUpa prakaTa hote haiN| jaba vaha niyati dravya se ghaTa rUpa meM hotI hai taba paTa rUpa meM nahIM hotii| isI prakAra kSetra se jisa bhU-pradeza para yA ghaTa nirmANa meM grIvA Adi pradeza para niyati kI pratyAsatti hotI hai taba anya deza meM

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286 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa nahIM hotI hai| jitane kAla meM ghaTa kA nirmANa hotA hai vaha kAla niyati hai| jina varNa, AkRti Adi se ghaTAdi kA nirmANa hotA hai, vaha bhAva niyati hai| isa prakAra niyati ke eka hone para bhI vastuoM kI racanA sambhava hai|179 niyati kA yaha sUtra hai ki jo abhAvI hai vaha nahIM hotA aura jo bhAvI hai usakA nAza nahIM hotaa|80 niyati eka hokara bhI bhinna-bhinna kAryoM ko karane meM samartha hotI hai tathA usake aneka rUpa hone para bhI kArya aura kAraNa se abhinna hotI hai| jisa prakAra eka hI loka nadI, pRthvI, parvata, grAma, udyAna Adi AkAroM se grahaNa kiyA jAtA huA bheda ko prApta hotA hai usI prakAra niyati eka hote hue bhI bhedoM ko prApta karatI hai| yaha bAhya udAharaNa se siddha huaa| aba Antarika udAharaNa dete hue kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra jJAna eka hone para bhI aneka bodhya AkAroM ko grahaNa kara letA hai usI prakAra yaha niyati bhI vibhinna AkAroM ko grahaNa karatI hai| pRthvI, ambu, vAyu Adi aneka svarUpa vAle arthoM se eka brIhi (cAvala) utpanna hotA hai| isI prakAra yaha niyati aneka hokara bhI eka hI hai|81 . yadi kahIM utpatti Adi meM aniyama dekhA jAtA hai taba bhI vahA~ niyati ko hI kAraNa mAnanA caahie| vastu ke svabhAva kA vyatikrama bhI niyati ke kAraNa hotA hai'vastusvabhAvavyatikramazca niyativazAdeva 82 niyati se kArya-kAraNa kI athavA sAdhya-sAdhana kI samasta vyavasthA bana jAtI hai| daNDa Adi aneka kArakoM ke dvArA ghaTa sAdhya kI siddhi meM niyati ke bala se hI kArya siddha hotA hai| anya samasta kAraka niyati ke kAraNa niyata kriyA ke hI sAdhana banate haiN| anudbhUta rUpAdi kI abhivyakti se hI kArya kI siddhi hotI hai tathA vaha niyati se hI saMbhava hotI hai| pAka kriyA meM niyati hI kAraNa hotI hai, isalie kahA gayA hai- 'SaSTikA SaSTirAtreNa pacyante' (60 dinoM meM pakane vAlI vastu 60 rAtriyoM ke bItane para hI pakatI hai) deza, kAla, kartA, karaNa Adi kI niyati se hI pAka Adi kriyA dikhAI par3atI hai|183 isa prakAra avyakta artha kI abhivyakti meM saba kucha niyata hai| isalie kisI kArya ko maiMne kiyA yaha abhimAna mithyA hai| niyati ko svIkAra karane para koI abhimAna nahIM raha paataa| niyativAda ko lekara katipaya dArzanikoM kI zaMkA isa prakAra hai- mAtra bIja kI niyati se Amraphala kA pAka nahIM hotA hai, usameM bhUmi, ambu, kAla, Atapa, vAyu Adi kI bhI hetutA rahatI hai| bhUmi kA khanana karane para bhI phala Adi kI prApti nahIM hotI hai, kintu kAla Ane para pAka dekhA jAtA hai| mAtra kAla Ane para bhI pAka nahIM hotA, apitu dravyAntara saMyoga kI upasthiti Avazyaka

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niyativAda 287 hotI hai| pakSI Adi kA baiThanA bhI inameM se eka saMyoga hai tathA jJAtA kI icchA ke anusAra vastu kI niyati kA atikramaNa kara puSpoM meM varNa saMsthAna kI viparItatA dekhI jAtI hai| kAla meM apAka aura akAla meM pAka tathA puruSa kI icchA aura prayatna Adi ke kAraNa niyama kA abhAva dekhA jAtA hai| niyama kA abhAva hone se niyati kA abhAva siddha hotA hai|85 niyativAdI isa zaMkA kA uttara dete hue kahate haiM ki isameM bhI niyati hI kAraNa hai| kyoMki bIjAdi kI niyati, udaka, kAla, vAyu, Atapa, puruSecchA , prayatna Adi ke hone para hI pUrNa hotI hai|86 / / puruSa kI vyagratA, avyagratA Adi niyati se hI hotI hai| sarvajJa bhI usI samasta anAdi madhyAnta svarUpa se apracyuta pariNAma vAlI vastu niyati ko eka evaM aneka rUpa vAlI jAnate haiM tathA baMdhana evaM mokSa kI prakriyA ko bhI niyati se hI svIkAra karate haiN|188 niyativAda kA nirasana 1. niyati se pravRtti mAnane para pUrva-pazcAt evaM yugapad kA vyavahAra saMbhava nahIM- niyati ke sarvAtmaka hone se sadaiva saba vastue~ saba AkAra vAlI ho jaaeNgii|89 yadi padArthoM kI pravRtti niyatikRta hI ho to 'yaha pahale' 'yaha pazcAt' isa prakAra kA vyavahAra nahIM hogA, kyoMki sabhI bIjAdi meM niyati sadaiva sannihita hai| yadi niyati se hI yaha pUrva-pazcAta kA bodha hotA hai to aisA mantavya ucita nahIM hai, anarthaka hone ke kaarnn| isa prakAra ke vikalpa vyavahAra meM kAla hI kAraNa hotA hai, aisA sabake dvArA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| krama vyavahAra ke lie pUrva Adi zabdoM kA Azraya lenA hotA hai aura pUrva Adi ke Azraya meM niyati kA koI prayojana nahIM hai| 90 / 2. niyati ko svIkAra karane para upadeza kI nirarthakatA- niyati ko svIkAra karane para to hita kI prApti aura ahita ke parihAra ke lie AcAra kA upadeza nirarthaka ho jaaegaa| kyoMki cakSu se jisa prakAra rUpa kA grahaNa niyata hotA hai usI prakAra binA prayatna ke hI unakI siddhi ho jaaegii| yadi aisA kahA jAya ki prayatna bhI niyati se hI hotA hai taba to samasta loka zAstroM ke Arambha ke prayojana kA kathana karanA nirarthaka ho jAegA tathA loka evaM Agama meM virodha utpanna hogaa|91 zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM niyativAda kA khaNDana haribhadrasUri (8vIM zatI) viracita zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM niyativAda kA nirasana samupalabdha hotA hai| vahA~ niyativAda ke khaNDana meM aneka tarka die gae haiN| pramukha tarka isa prakAra haiM

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288 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 1. niyati kI ekarUpatA asaMbhava kAryoM kI anekarUpatA dRSTigata hone se niyati ko eka svarUpa na mAnakara vicitra rUpa hI mAnanA hogaa| isa abhiprAya se niyati kI ekarUpatA ko asaMbhava batAte hue jainAcArya haribhadrasUri pharamAte haiM niyaterniyatAtmatvAnniyatAnAM smaantaa| tathAniyatabhAve ca balAt syAt tdvicitrtaa||192 uparyukta zloka para TIkA karate hue yazovijaya do tarka dete haiM (1) "ghaTo yadi paTajanakA'nyUnA'natiriktahetujanyaH syAt, paTa: syAt' arthAt ghaTa yadi paTa ke kAraNoM se anyUna aura anatirikta kAraNoM se utpanna hogA to ghaTa bhI paTa ho jaaegaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki jitane kAraNoM se paTa utpanna hotA hai utane hI kAraNoM se ghaTa utpanna hogaa| una kAraNoM se eka bhI kama nahIM (anyUna) aura eka bhI adhika nahIM (antirikt)| isa prakAra ghaTa ke kAraNoM meM yadi paTa ke kisI kAraNa kA abhAva athavA paTa ke kAraNoM se atirikta kisI naye kAraNa kA sanniveza nahIM hogA, to ghaTa bhI paTa hI ho jAegA, paTa se bhinna nahIM ho skegaa| kAraNoM meM sarvathA sAmya rahane para kAryoM meM vaiSamya nahIM ho sakatA, anyathA samAna kAraNoM se utpanna hone vAle do paToM meM bhI vaijAtya ho jaaegaa| (2) "ghaTajanakaM yadi paTaM na janayet paTajanakAd bhidyota' arthAt ghaTa kA jo kAraNa paTa ke utpAdana meM anapekSita hogA vaha paTa ke janaka se bhinna hogaa| abhiprAya yaha hai ki paTotpatti meM jo kAraNa kriyAzIla nahIM hotA hai, to vaha paTa se bhinna ghaTa ko utpanna karatA hai| kyoMki donoM ke kAraNoM meM bheda utpanna ho jAne se aisA saMbhava ho pAtA hai| isa prakAra uparyukta takoM se ghaTa, paTa Adi kAryoM meM vicitrakAraNajanyatva siddha hotA hai| ataH ekarUpa niyati se donoM kI utpatti mAnanA ayukta hai| 2. niyati se anya koI bhedaka apekSita haribhadra kahate haiM ki niyati se anya yadi usakA koI bhedaka nahIM mAnA jAegA to niyati ke sAmAnya svarUpa se athavA usake pariNAma se usameM vicitratA siddha nahIM ho sktii| kyoMki vicitratA kI siddhi sat tarka ke avirodha se hI siddha ho sakatI hai| jise zlokAbaddha rUpa meM AcArya haribhadra ne isa prakAra prakaTa kiyA hai

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niyativAda 289 "na ca tanmAtrabhAvAderyujyate asyA vicitrtaa| tadanyabhedakamuktvA smygnyaayaa'virodhtH|| na jalasyaikarUpasTA viyatpAtAd vicitrtaa| ussraadidhraabhedmntrennopjaayte|| 1933 kArikA meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki anya bhedaka ke binA niyati meM bhI vaicitrya nahIM ho sktaa| AkAza se jo jala barasatA hai vaha saba jagaha samAna hotA hai, usameM jo vaividhya AtA hai vaha USara aura upajAU Adi vibhinna bhUmiyoM ke samparka se hI hotA hai| jisa bhUmi meM jo jala giratA hai usameM usa bhUmi ke rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza kA sambandha hone se meghastha jala tathA anyatra girane vAle jala se vailakSaNya A jAtA hai| isa samparka ke binA jala meM vailakSaNya nahIM hotA, yaha tathya sarvalokamAnya hai| 3. sarvahetutA kA lopa niyati se bhinna vastu ko vaicitrya kA sampAdaka yA bhedaka mAnA jAe to usa bhedaka ko niyatijanya svIkAra karanA hogA, anyathA niyati meM sarvahetutva kA siddhAnta khaNDita ho jaaegaa| sarvahetutva se Azaya hai sabhI vastuoM kA eka hetu 'niyti'| yadi usa bhedaka ko niyatijanya mAneMge to ekarUpa niyati se utpanna hone ke kAraNa usa bhedaka meM vicitratA nahIM hogii| jaba bhedaka svayaM vicitra nahIM hogA to usase utpanna niyati meM vicitratA asaMbhava hai|94 4. niyati se vaividhya kI kalpanA azakya niyati meM svabhAvabheda kI kalpanA kara usake dvArA niyati ke kAryoM meM bheda arthAt vaividhya kI kalpanA kI jAegI to svabhAva kA Azraya lene ke kAraNa niyativAda kA hI parityAga ho jaaegaa|95 yadi yaha kahA jAya ki "niyati kA paripAka hI niyati kA svabhAva hai, ata: vaha niyatisvarUpa hI hai, isalie use kArya-vaicitrya kA prayojaka mAnane para bhI kArya meM anya hetutva kI prasakti na hone se niyativAda kA parityAga nahIM hogA" to yaha mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki niyati ke paripAka ko niyatimAtra se janya mAnane para niyati kA paripAka bhI niyati ke samAna vaicitryahIna hI hogaa| ata: usase bhI kArya meM vaicitraya na ho skegaa| yadi use niyati se bhinna hetu se janya mAnakara usameM vaicitrya mAnA jAegA to niyati se atirikta kAraNa kI siddhi ho jAne se niyativAda ke parityAga kI Apatti aparihArya ho jaaegii|196

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290 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa yadi yaha kahA jAya ki niyati kA uttara paripAka niyati ke pUrva paripAka se hotA hai aura niyati kA prathama paripAka niyati ke antima aparipAka se hotA hai, isa prakAra niyati ke paripAka vizeSa se hI niyati svarUpa kI siddhi ho jAegI to yaha kathana bhI ucita nahIM haiN| kyoMki ukta kalpanA karane para jisa samaya kahIM ekatra ghaTa janaka niyati kA paripAka hogA usa samaya anyatra bhI ghaTotpatti hogii| yadi isa doSa ke nivAraNArtha pratisaMtAna meM niyatibheda kI kalpanA kI jAegI to niyati aura paripAka meM dravya aura paryAya se koI antara nahIM rahegA, mAtra nAma meM hI vivAda raha jAegA, jisakA koI mahattva nahIM hai|297 5. zAstropadeza kI vyarthatA evaM zubhAzubha kriyAphala ke niyama kA abhAva TIkAkAra yazovijaya kahate haiM ki niyativAda ko svIkAra karane para zAstropadeza kI vyarthatA kI prasakti hogii| taba to upadeza ke binA hI niyatikRta buddhi se niyati ke dvArA hI artha kA jJAna ho jaaegaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki niyativAda ko svIkAra karane para dRSTa-adRSTa ke phala kI evaM zAstra-pratipAdita zubhAzubha kriyA ke phala ke niyama vyavasthA nahIM bana skegii|98 sanmati tarka TIkA meM niyativAda kA svarUpa evaM usakA nirasana sanmati tarka ke tRtIya kANDa 'jJeya mImAMsA' meM AcArya siddhasena ne jJeya padArthoM kI carcA karate hue unako anekAnta dRSTi se sthApita karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| isI zRMkhalA meM unhoMne kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSArtha kI ekAntatA ko mithyAtva aura samavAya ko samyaktva batAyA hai| siddhasena divAkara ke TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri (10vIM zatI) viracita tattvabodhavidhAyinI TIkA meM ina sabhI ekAnta vAdoM kA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana samprApta hotA hai| unameM se niyativAda kA svarUpa pratipAdana aura khaNDana yahA~ prastuta kiyA jA rahA hainiyativAda kA svarUpa niyativAdI kahate haiM- "sarvasya vastunastathAtathAniyatarUpeNa bhavanAd niyatireva kAraNamiti' 199 arthAt sabhI vastuoM ke tathA-tathA niyata rUpa hone ke kAraNa niyati hI ekamAtra kAraNa hai| isa pratijJAvAkya kI siddhi meM ve nimna tarka dete haiM "tIkSNazastrAApahatA api tathAmaraNaniyatatA'bhAve jIvanta eva dRzyante, niyate ca maraNakAle zastrAdighAtamantareNApi mRtyubhAja uplbhynte| '200

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niyativAda 291 tIkSNa zastrAdi se upahata hokara bhI jIva usa prakAra se maraNa kI niyatatA ke abhAva meM jIvita hI dikhAI par3ate haiM aura maraNakAla ke niyata hone para zastrAdi ke ghAta ke binA bhI mRtyu ke bhAjana bana jAte haiN| "na ca niyatimantareNa svabhAvaH kAlo vA kazcid hetuH yataH kaNTakAdayo'pi niyatyaiva tIkSNAditayA niyatAH samupajAyante na kuNThAditayA'209 niyati ke alAvA svabhAva tathA kAla koI hetu nahIM hotA, kyoMki kaNTakAdi bhI niyati se hI tIkSNatA Adi ke sAtha niyata rUpa se utpanna hote haiM, kuNTha (bhoMTA) Adi rUpa se nhiiN| "kAlo'pi zItAderbhAvasya tathAniyatatayaiva tadA tatra-tatra tathA-tathA nirvrtkm| 202 kAla bhI zItAdi bhAva ko tathArUpa niyatatA ke kAraNa hI usa-usa samaya meM usa-usa sthAna para usa-usa prakAra se sampAdita karatA hai| nirasana niyati ko hI kAraNa mAnanA asat hai, isake aneka hetu haiM, yathA 1. niyati ko mAnane para zAstra kI vyarthatA evaM zubhAzubha kriyA phala kA abhAva- niyativAdI ke mata meM zAstra ke upadezAdi kI vyarthatA kA prasaMga AtA hai| kyoMki niyatikRta buddhi vAle vyakti ke zAstrAdi ke upadeza ke binA bhI niyati se hI arthajJAna ho jaaegaa| niyati ko hI kAraNa mAnane para dUsarA doSa yaha hogA ki dRSTa evaM adRSTa ke phala aura zAstra meM pratipAdita zubhAzubha kriyA ke phala ke niyama kA abhAva ho jaaegaa|203 2. niyati se jJAna-ajJAna meM abheda evaM aniyamatA asiddha - yadi phira bhI niyati ko kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai, to samIcIna nahIM hai| niyati kI eka svabhAvatA svIkAra karane para visaMvAda yAnI ajJAna (mithyAjJAna), avisaMvAda yAnI jJAna Adi ke bheda ke abhAva kA bhI prasaMga upasthita ho jaaegaa| kAraNa ki jJAna ko utpanna karane vAlI niyati hI ajJAna ko utpanna karane meM kaise samartha ho sakatI hai arthAt nahIM ho sktii| ukta doSa-nivAraNa hetu niyativAdI kahate haiM- 'aniyamena niyate: kAraNatvAd ayamadoSa iti' arthAt aniyama se niyati ko hetu mAnane ke kAraNa yaha doSa nahIM AtA hai| AcArya kahate haiM- 'na, aniyame kAraNAbhAvat'- yaha bhI ucita nahIM hai kyoMki aniyama meM kAraNa kA abhAva hai|

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292 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 3. niyati kA nitya aura anitya honA asaMbhava- "na niyatireva kAraNam niyaternityatve kArakatvAyogAt anityatve'pi tadayoga eva'205 niyati hI kAraNa nahIM hai kyoMki niyati ko nitya mAnane para usameM kArakatva kA ayoga hogaa| niyati ko anitya mAnane para bhI usameM kArakatva kA ayoga hogaa| nityatva meM parivartanazIlatA kA abhAva hotA hai| parivartana kI riktatA meM kArakatva kA ayoga siddha hotA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki niyati ko anitya mAnane para usameM kAryatA kA prasaMga hogA aura kArya kisI kAraNa se utpanna hotA hai isalie niyati kI utpatti meM kAraNa kA kathana karanA hogaa| usameM niyati ko hI kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki puna: Upara uThAI huI zaMkAe~ lAgU ho jaayeNgii|206 4. svAtmanikriyAvirodha, anya kAraNoM kA abhAva aura nirhetukatA kA prasaMga-sva (padArtha) se sva kI utpatti svAtmanikriyA kahalAtI hai| sva kAraNa se sva kArya kI utpatti jagat meM dRSTigata nahIM hai, ataH ise 'svAtmanikriyAvirodha' kahate haiN| svAtmani-kriyAvirodha ke kAraNa niyati svayaM ko utpanna karane meM samartha nahIM hai| kAla Adi ko niyati kA kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki niyativAda meM unakI kAraNatA niSiddha hai| nirhetuka bhI usakI (niyati) utpatti mAnanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki taba niyatarUpatA kI anupapatti hogI aura jo svata: aniyata hai, vaha anyabhAva meM niyatatA kI kAraNa nahIM ho sktii| yathA- zazazaMga Adi meM vaisI niyatatA upalabdha nahIM hotii| ataH niyati bhI pratiniyata bhAvoM kI utpatti meM hetu nahIM haiN|207 dharmasaMgrahaNi TIkA meM malayagiri dvArA niyativAda kA nirasana ____ haribhadrasUri viracita 'dharmasaMgrahaNi' eka viziSTa grantha hai, jisameM kartRtva, svabhAva, ahiMsA Adi vividha viSayoM kA vizada nirUpaNa hai| isa para AcArya malayagiri ne mahattvapUrNa TIkA kI racanA kI hai| malayagiri ne niyativAda ke nirasana meM nimnAMkita tarka die haiM 1. niyati ke atirikta kAraNa ko aMgIkRta kie binA vicitratA sambhava nahIM- niyativAdI kahate haiM ki niyati hI eka mAtra kAraNa hai tathA vaha ekarUpa hai| isakA nirasana karate hue malayagiri kahate haiM ki isa prakAra ekarUpa niyati se janya sabhI kArya ekarUpa bana jAyeMge, kyoMki kAraNabheda se hI kAryabheda utpanna hotA hai| yadi jagat-vicitratA kI siddhi ke lie kAraNabhUta niyati ko vicitra rUpa mAnate haiM to anya kI upasthiti ke binA aisA saMbhava nahIM hai|208

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niyativAda 293 kahane kA bhAva yaha hai ki niyati se anya kAraNoM ko svIkAra kie binA vicitratA saMbhava nahIM hai| jaise AkAza se girate hue pAnI meM anekarUpatA dharatI ke saMyoga (khArA-mIThApana) ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai|209 isalie TIkAkAra ne ThIka hI kahA hai- "vizeSaNaM vinA yasmAnna tulyAnAM viziSTatA" arthAt tulya vastuoM meM vizeSaNa binA viziSTatA utpanna nahIM hotI hai| 2. anyonyAzraya doSa kI Apatti niyati se bhinna jo bhedaka (kAraNa) hai, unameM vicitratA kA kAraNa yadi niyati hai to niyati kA ekarUpa svarUpa kaise siddha ho pAegA? yadi yaha mAnA jAe ki "tadanyabhedarUpa kArya kI anyathAnupapatti hone se niyati vicitra rUpa hai" to isa kathana se anyonyAzraya doSa utpanna hokara anavasthA A jaaegii| kAraNa ki niyati kI yaha vicitratA tadanyabhedaka ke binA nahIM hogI aura tadanyabhedaka niyati ke binA nahIM hogaa|290 jaina tattvAdarza meM niyativAda kA khaNDana bIsavIM zatI ke jainAcArya zrI AtmArAmajI mahArAja (apara nAma-zrI vijayAnanda sUri jI) ne 'jainatattvAdarza' meM niyati ke sambandha meM bhAva-abhAva rUpa, eka-aneka rUpa, nitya-anitya rUpa vikalpoM ke mAdhyama se niyativAda kI mAnyatA ko khaNDa-khaNDa kara prastuta kiyA hai(1) niyati kI nityatA kA nirasana yadi niyati ko nitya mAnA jAe to vaha kisI kA kAraNa nahIM bana sakatI kyoMki jo nitya hotA hai vaha sabhI kAla meM eka rUpa hotA hai| nitya kA lakSaNa hai'apracyutAnutpannasthiraikasvabhAvatayA nityatvasya vyAvarNanAt' arthAt jo naSTa nahIM hove, utpanna bhI na ho, sthira eka svabhAva hokara rahe, vaha nitya hai| isa nitya rUpa ko dhAraNa karane vAlI niyati kArya utpanna karatI hai to use sarvadA eka rUpa kArya ko hI paidA karanA caahie| kyoMki vizeSatA ke abhAva meM vaha vizeSa kArya ko utpanna nahIM kara sktii| jagat meM vicitratA ke darzana se nitya rUpa niyati kA nirasana ho jAtA hai|211 dUsarA tarka dete hue kahate haiM ki aisI nitya niyati ko sabhI kArya prathama samaya meM hI utpanna kara lene cAhie, kyoMki niyati kA jo nityakaraNa svabhAva dvitIya kSaNa meM hai vahI svabhAva prathama samaya meM bhI vidyamAna hai| yadi prathama kSaNa meM dvitIyAdi kSaNavartI kArya karane kI zakti nahIM hai to dvitIyAdi kSaNa meM bhI kArya nahIM honA cAhie, kyoMki prathama dvitIyAdi kSaNa meM kucha bhI vizeSa nahIM hai|212

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294 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa (2) niyativAdiyoM kI svamAnyatA meM doSa "atAdavasthyamanityatAM brUmaH iti vacanaprAmANyAt" jo jaisA hai vaha vaisA nahIM rahe to vaha anitya hai| pUrvokta dUSaNoM ke bhaya se prathama dvitIya Adi kSaNa meM niyati ke rUpa meM paraspara vizeSa bhAva mAnoge to balAt niyati ke rUpa meM anityatA A jaaegii| niyati ke pratikSaNa anya anya rUpa hone se niyatiyA~ bahuta ho jAyeMgI / niyativAdI dvArA mAnya niyati kI eka rUpa pratijJA ke doSapUrNa hone kA prasaMga upasthita ho jaaegaa| 213 ( 3 ) niyati meM vyatireka asaMbhava niyati ke anusAra kArya meM sahakArI kAraNa niyati se hI prApta hote haikahA gayA hai hetunAnvayapUrveNa, vyatirekeNa siddhayati / . 214 nityasyAvyatirekasya, kuto hetutvasaMbhavaH / / arthAt kArya ke sAtha jisakA anvaya aura vyatireka saMbaMdha donoM ho, vahI hetu kAraNa ho sakatA hai| jo nitya tathA avyatirekI ho, vaha kAraNa nahIM bana sakatA / isa nyAya se sahakArI ke hone para kArya hotA hai tathA nahIM hone para nahIM hotA hai| isalie sahakArI kAraNa ho sakatA hai, kintu niyati nahIM / kAraNa ki niyati meM vyatireka asaMbhava hai| (4) niyati kI ekarUpatA asiddha niyati ke eka rUpa hone para usase janya sabhI kArya eka rUpa hone cAhie, kyoMki 'kAraNa kA bheda hue binA kAryabheda kadApi nahIM ho sakatA hai| isake uparAnta bhI kAryabheda hotA hai to vaha nirhetuka ho jaaegaa| 215 prazna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha bhinnatA niyati se hai yA anya se| niyati se hai to nAnArUpatA kaise saMbhava hai? isa nAnArUpatA ke lie bahuta vizeSaNa aMgIkAra kiye jAne caahie| taba phira prazna hotA hai ki ye vizeSaNa niyati se haiM athavA kisI dUsare se ? yadi niyati se mAnA jAe to anavasthA dUSaNa hotA hai aura anya se hotA hai to svamata meM bheda utpanna ho jAtA hai| 216 (5) aneka rUpa niyati kA khaNDana aneka rUpa niyati mUrta hai yA amUrta ? mUrta hone para nAmAntara se karma ko hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai kyoMki karma pugala rUpa hone se mUrta rUpa bhI hai aura aneka rUpa

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niyativAda 295 bhI hai| isa prakAra Aheta mata aura niyativAda eka ho gaye kyoMki nAma-bheda hai, vastu kA svarUpa to eka hI hai|217 amUrta mAnate ho to niyati AkAza ke samAna amUrta hone se sukha-duHkha kA hetu nahIM bana sktii| yadi deza bheda karake AkAza ko sukha-duHkha kA hetu mAnate ho, jaise- mAravAr3a deza meM AkAza duHkhadAyI hai, zeSa sajala dezoM meM sukhadAyI hai| niyativAdI kA yaha tarka bhI yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| kyoMki mAravAr3a Adi dezoM meM bhI AkAza meM rahe hue pudgala hI sukha-duHkha ke hetu hai| jaise ki marusthalI pradeza meM jala kA abhAva hai aura bAlU bahuta hai| calate samaya paira pha~sa jAte haiM, pasInA bahuta AtA hai, sUrya kI kiraNoM se bAlU tapa jAtI hai, jisase saMtApa bhI bahuta hotA hai| pAnI pIne ko pUrA nahIM milatA aura khodane para bhI bahuta prayatna karane para milatA hai| isalie ina dezoM meM bahuta duHkha hai| parantu sajala dezoM meM ye kAraNa nahIM haiM ataH vahA~ duHkha bhI nahIM hai| isa udAharaNa yA hetu se pudgala hI sukha-duHkha kA hetu hai, parantu AkAza nhiiN|218 (6) abhAvarUpa niyati kA khANDana niyativAdI abhAvarUpa niyati kA svIkAra karate haiM to yaha pakSa ayukta hai, kyoMki abhAva tuccharUpa hai, zakti rahita hai aura kArya karane meM samartha nahIM hai| jaisekaTaka kuNDala Adi kA abhAva kaTaka-kuNDala ko utpanna karane meM samartha nahIM hai| aisA ho jAe to koI daridra hI na rhe|219 niyativAdI kahate haiM ki ghaTAbhAva hai vaha mRtpiMDa hai| usa ghaTAbhAva rUpa mRtpiMDa se ghaTa utpanna hotA hai| taba miTTI ke piNDa ko tuccharUpa kaise kahA jA sakatA hai? kyoMki vaha apane svarUpa se vidyamAna hai| ataH abhAva padArtha kI utpatti meM hetu kyoM nahIM ho sakatA? yaha pakSa bhI asamIcIna hai| bhAvAbhAva kA Apasa meM virodha hone se miTTI kA piNDa abhAva rUpa nahIM ho sktaa| yadi miTTI bhAva rUpa hai to abhAva rUpa kaise hai aura abhAva rUpa hai to bhAvarUpa kaise hai? niyativAdI kahate haiM ki miTTI svarUpa kI apekSA se bhAvarUpa hai aura pararUpa kI apekSA se abhAva rUpa hai| isalie bhAvAbhAva donoM ke alaga nimitta hone se koI dUSaNa nahIM hai| aisA mAnane para miTTI kA piNDa bhAvAbhAvarUpa hone se anekAntAtmaka svarUpa hogaa| yaha anekAntAtmaka svarUpa jainamatAvalambI svaparabhAvAdi se svIkAra karate haiN| taba niyativAdI uttara dete haiM ki mRtpiNDa meM pararUpa kA abhAva kalpita hai aura bhAvarUpa tAttvika hai| isalie anekAntavAda hamAre tarka meM praviSTa nahIM hotA hai|220

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296 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa phira mRtpiNDa se ghaTa kaise hogA, kyoMki mRtpiNDa meM paramArtha se ghaTa ke prAgabhAva kA abhAva hai| jisa prakAra prAgabhAva ke binA bhI mRtpiNDa se ghaTa ho jAtA hai to phira sUtrapiMDAdi se ghaTa kyoM nahIM ho jAtA? kyoMki jaisA mRtpiNDa meM ghaTa ke prAgabhAva kA abhAva hai, vaisA hI sUtrapiMDAdi meM bhI ghaTa ke prAgabhAva kA abhAva hai| vaise hI mRtpiNDa se kharazaMga kyoM utpanna nahIM ho jAtA? isa prakAra ina sabhI tarka aura hetuoM se niyativAda kA mata sthira nahIM hotA hai| kAlabdhi aura niyati vaha jainadarzana meM mAnya kAlalabdhi se niyati kA kathaMcit sAmya pratIta hotA hai| niyati ko paribhASita karate hue jinendravarNI kahate haiM- 'jo kArya yA paryAya jisa nimitta ke dvArA jisa dravya meM jisa kSetra va kAla meM jisa prakAra se honA hotA hai, kArya usI nimitta ke dvArA usI dravya, kSetra va kAla meM usI prakAra se hotA hai, aisI dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva rUpa catuSTaya se samudita kAryavyavasthA ko 'niyati' kahate haiN| kAla kI apekSA se niyati ko kAlalabdhi bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| ' 221 bhAva yaha hai ki jisa kArya ke lie jo samaya niyata hai, usakA usI kAla meM honA, anya kAla meM na honA 'kAlalabdhi' yA 'kAlaniyati' hai| vaha niyati kA hI eka rUpa hai| kAlalabdhi eka bahiraMga kAraNa hai- 'dezanAkAlalabdhyAdibAhyakAraNasaMpadi samyaktva aura mokSa sabhI kAlalabdhi kI apekSA rakhate haiN| yahI nahIM svAmikArttikeyAnuprekSA meM padArtha kI sabhI paryAyoM meM bhI kAlalabdhi ko kAraNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| kAlalabdhi ke prabhAva kA saMkSepa meM vivecana prastuta hai - * R22 kAlabdhi ke abhAva meM samyaktva kA abhAva anAdikAlIna mithyAdRSTi jIva kA kAlalabdhi ke nimitta se samyaktva ko prApta karatA hai / 223 jIva kI saMsAra- sthiti, karma- sthiti aura bhava- sthiti ke AdhAra para kAlalabdhi ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai 1. karmayukta koI bhI bhavya AtmA arddhapudgalaparAvartana nAmaka kAla ke zeSa rahane para hI samyaktva prApta karatA hai| yaha saMsAra sthiti saMbaMdhI kAlalabdhi hai| 224 2. jaba jIva ke baMdhane vAle (badhyamAna) karmoM kI sthiti (Ayu ke atirikta zeSa sAta karmoM kI sthiti) antaH koTAkoTi sAgara hotI haiM aura vizuddha pariNAmoM dvArA sattA meM sthita karmoM kI sthiti saMkhyAta hajAra sAgara kama

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niyativAda 297 antaH koTAkoTi sAgara ho jAtI hai taba vaha jIva prathama samyaktva ke yogya hotA hai| yaha karmasthiti saMbaMdhI kAlalabdhi hai / 225 3. jo jIva bhavya hai, saMjJI hai, paryAptaka hai aura sarvavizuddha hai, vaha prathama samyaktva ko prApta karatA hai / yaha bhava kI apekSA se kAlalabdhi hai / 226 mahApurANa meM kahA gayA hai- 'anAdi kAla se calA AyA koI jIva kAla Adi labdhiyoM kA nimitta pAkara tInoM karaNa rUpa pariNAmoM ke dvArA mithyAtva Adi sAta prakRtiyoM kA upazama karatA hai tathA saMsAra kI paripATI kA viccheda kara upazama samyagdarzana prApta karatA hai / 227 udAharaNArtha- prItiMkara aura prItideva nAmaka do muni vajrajaMgha ke pAsa Akara kahate haiM- he Arya ! Aja samyagdarzana grahaNa karane kA yaha samaya hai228 (aisA unhoMne avadhijJAna se jAna liyA), kyoMki kAlalabdhi ke binA isa jIva ko samyagdarzana kI utpatti nahIM hotI / 229 mokSa meM kAlalabdhi kI hetutA mokSagAmI jIva dravya se vajraRSabhanArAca saMhanana zarIra, kSetra se pandrahakarmabhUmija, kAla se caturtha ArA, bhava se manuSya paryAya tathA bhAva se vizuddha pariNAma yukta hotA hai tathA kSayopazamalabdhi, vizuddhilabdhi, dezanAlabdhi, prAyogya labdhi rUpa cAra labdhiyoM ko prApta karatA hai / ina cAroM labdhiyoM ke hone para bhavya jIva adhaHkaraNa, apUrvakaraNa aura anivRttikaraNa ko karatA hai, ina tInoM karaNoM ke hone kA nAma karaNa labdhi hai| pratyeka karaNa kA kAla antarmuhUrta hai / samyagdarzana ko prApta karane ke anantara jIva yogya samaya Ane para arthAt kAlalabdhi prApta hone para karmoM ko naSTa karake mukta ho jAtA hai| 230 kundakundAcArya ke granthoM para jayasenAcArya racita tAtparyavRtti TIkA meM isa bAta kA samarthana nimnAMkita uddharaNoM se prApta hotA hai 1. 'atrAtItAnantakAle ye kecana siddhasukhabhAjanaM jAtA, bhAvikA... viziSTa - siddhasukhasya bhAjanaM bhaviSyanti te sarve'pi kAlalabdhivazenaiva 231 arthAt atIta ananta kAla meM jo koI bhI siddhasukha ke bhAjana hue haiM yA bhAvikAla meM hoMge, ve saba kAlalabdhi ke vaza se hI hue haiN| 2. 'kAlAdilabdhivazAd bhedAbhedaratnatrayAtmakaM vyavahAranizcayamokSamArga labhate 132 arthAt kAlAdi labdhi ke vaza se bhedAbhedaratnatrayAtmaka vyavahAra va nizcaya mokSamArga ko prApta karate haiN|

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298 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 233 3. ' sa eva cetayitAtmA nizcayanayena svayameva kAlAdilabdhivazAtsarvajJo jAtaH sarvadarzI ca jAta: arthAt vaha cetayitA AtmA nizcayanaya se svayaM hI kAlAdi labdhi ke vaza se sarvajJa va sarvadarzI huA hai| bhadaMta guNabhadrasUri ne bhI AtmAnuzAsana meM samyagdarzana, vratadakSatA, kaSAyavinAza aura yoganirodha dvArA mukti ina sabhI meM kAlalabdhi kI kAraNatA svIkAra kI hai| 234 sabhI paryAyoM meM kAlalabdhi dravya avinazvara hone ke kAraNa anAdinidhana hai| usa anAdi-nidhana dravya meM dravya-kSetra - kAla-bhAva ke milane para avidyamAna paryAya kI utpatti ho jAtI hai| jaisemiTTI meM ghaTa ke utpanna hone kA ucita kAla Ane para kumhAra Adi ke sadbhAva meM ghaTa Adi paryAya utpanna hotI hai| isa prakAra anAdi-nidhana dravya meM kAlalabdhi se avidyamAna paryAyoM kI utpatti hotI hai, yaha svAmikArttikeyAnuprekSA meM spaSTataH kahA gayA hai savvANa pajjayANaM avijjamANANa hodi uppattI / , 235 kAlAI - laddhIe aNAi- NihaNammi dvvmmi|| isa prakAra kAlAdilabdhi se yukta evaM nAnA zaktiyoM se saMyukta padArtha ke paryAya- pariNamana ko koI padArtha rokane meM samartha nahIM hai / 236 1 kAlalabdhi kI avadhAraNA kAlavAda se pRthak hai / kAlavAda meM jahA~ kAla ko hI kArya kI utpatti meM ekamAtra kAraNa mAnA gayA hai, vahA~ kAlalabdhi meM kAla kI kAraNatA ke sAtha puruSArtha Adi kI kAraNatA bhI svIkAra kI gaI hai| kAlavAdI yaha nahIM kaha sakatA ki kisI ke puruSArtha karane se phala kI prApti hotI hai, jabaki kAlalabdhi jaina pAribhASika zabda hai jo niyati yA kAla kI kathaMcit kAraNatA ko mAnya karatA huA puruSArtha Adi ke lie hI mArga prazasta karatA hai / sarvajJatA aura niyativAda sarvajJatA kI avadhAraNA zramaNa aura vaidika donoM paramparAoM kI prAcIna dhAraNA hai| jaina darzana meM 'sarvajJa' zabda kA prayoga kevalajJAnI ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| kevalajJAnI samasta dravyoM aura unakI paryAyoM ko sAkSAt jAnatA evaM dekhatA hai| kevalajJAna kA lakSaNa vAdidevasUri ne isa prakAra diyA hainikhiladravyaparyAyasAkSAtkArisvarUpaM jJAnaM kevalajJAnam / ,237

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niyativAda 299 kevalajJAnI athavA sarvajJa ke lie tInoM kAloM ke samasta dravyoM aura unakI paryAyoM meM se kucha bhI ajJAta nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra kevalajJAnI hI sarvajJa hotA hai| ___ sarvajJatAvAda meM yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki sarvajJa deza aura kAla kI sImAoM se Upara uThakara kAlAtIta dRSTi se sampanna hotA hai aura isa kAraNa use bhUta ke sAthasAtha bhaviSya kA bhI pUrvajJAna hotA hai| lekina jo jJAta hai usameM saMbhAvanA, saMyoga yA aniyatatA nahIM ho sktii| niyata ghaTanAoM kA pUrvajJAna ho sakatA hai, aniyata ghaTanAoM kA nhiiN| yadi sarvajJa ko bhaviSya kA pUrvajJAna hotA hai aura vaha yathArtha bhaviSyavANI kara sakatA hai, to isakA artha hai ki bhaviSya kI samasta ghaTanAe~ niyata haiN|228 bhaviSya darzana aura pUrvajJAna meM pUrvanirdhAraNa garbhita hai| jaina darzana sarvajJatA ko svIkAra karatA hai| jainAgamoM meM aneka aise sthala haiM jinameM tIrthakaroM evaM kevalajJAniyoM ko trikAlajJa sarvajJa kahA gayA hai| vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, aMtakRddazAMga sUtra evaM anya jainAgamoM meM isa trikAlajJa sarvajJatAvAdI dhAraNA ke anusAra gozAlaka, zreNika, kRSNa Adi ke bhAvI jIvana ke saMbaMdha meM bhaviSyavANI bhI kI gaI hai| yaha bhI mAnA gayA hai ki sarvajJa jisa rUpa meM ghaTanAoM kA ghaTita honA jAnatA hai, ve usI rUpa meM ghaTita hotI haiN| uttarakAlIna jaina granthoM meM isa traikAlika jJAna saMbaMdhI sarvajJatva kI dhAraNA kA mAtra vikAsa hI nahIM huA, varan usako tArkika AdhAra para siddha karane kA prayAsa bhI kiyA gayA hai| sarvajJa samasta dravyoM aura unakI samasta paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai isalie unake jJAna meM jAnI gaI avasthAe~, ghaTanAe~ yA kArya niyata hote haiN| yahI nahIM unake jJAna meM vibhinna jIvoM ke bhAvoM yA pariNAmoM ke AdhAra para bhAvI gatiyoM yA jIvana kI bhAvI ghaTanAoM ko bhI jAna liyA jAtA hai| isa taraha se sarvajJatA kI svIkRti meM niyativAda kA praveza hone lagatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne upAsakadazAMga sUtra meM gozAlaka ke niyativAda kA khaNDana kiyA hai tathA utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya, parAkrama, puruSArtha Adi kI upayogitA pratipAdita kI hai| yahA~ para yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki sarvajJavAda ko svIkAra karane para niyativAda kA niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, jabaki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne niyativAda kA niSedha kiyA hai| sarvajJatA kA jo artha pracalita hai usameM niyativAda kA praveza hue binA nahIM rhtaa| ataH sarvajJa kA yA kevalajJAna kA svarUpa aisA honA cAhie, jisameM sarvajJatA bhI surakSita rahe aura ekAnta niyativAda kA praveza bhI na ho| isake saMbaMdha meM DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke vicAra mahattvapUrNa haiM- "yadyapi upAsakadazAMga ke AdhAra para sampUrNa ghaTanAkrama ko aniyata mAnakara puruSArthavAda kI

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300 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa sthApanA to ho jAtI hai, lekina isa kathana kI saMgati jaina vicAraNA kI trikAlajJasarvajJatA kI dhAraNA ke sAtha nahIM baiThatI hai / yadi sarvajJa trikAlajJa hai to phira vaha bhaviSya ko bhI jAnegA, lekina aniyata bhaviSya nahIM jAnA jA sakatA / yahA~ para do hI mArga haiM yA to sarvajJa kI trikAlajJatA kI dhAraNA ko chor3akara usakA artha AtmajJAna yA dArzanika siddhAntoM kA jJAna liyA jAe athavA isa dhAraNA ko chor3A jAe ki saba bhAva aniyata hai / " 239 sarvajJa ke jAnane mAtra se dUsare kA puruSArtha prabhAvita nahIM hotA / jaisA hotA hai use ve vaisA jAnate haiN| isameM niyativAda nahIM aataa| jIvoM kA puruSArtha isameM surakSita rahatA hai, kintu unhoMne jaisA jAnA hai vaisA hI hogA, isa pakSa ko mAnane para niyativAda kI AzaMkA AtI hai| isa tathya ko samajhane ke lie Agama kA eka udAharaNa yahA~ prastuta hai prasannacandra rAjarSi muni banakara nagara ke bAhara dhyAnastha the| usa samaya usa nagara para anya rAjA ne AkramaNa kara diyaa| unake kAnoM meM jaba isa AkramaNa ke samAcAra pahu~ce to unakA rAjatva jAga uThA aura ve pratihiMsA aura pratikAra kI bhAvadhArA meM bahane lge| usI samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra se rAjA zreNika ne prazna kiyA ki prasannacandra rAjarSi isa samaya kAla kareM to kahA~ utpanna hoNge| bhagavAna ne uttara diyA ki ve isa samaya kAla kareM to sAtavIM naraka meM utpanna hoNge| thor3I dera pazcAt hI muni prasannacandra ne apanA mukuTa saMbhAlane ke lie sira para hAtha rakhA to unheM jJAta huA ki ve to muNDita haiM aura muni bana gae haiN| yuddha kI bhAvanA unake lie aba ucita nahIM hai| bhAvadhArA ekadama bdlii| saMkleza ke sthAna para vizuddhi ke bhAvoM kA ArohaNa huaa| ve aba bAhya zatruoM se nahIM antara meM vidyamAna kaSAya rUpI zatruoM se yuddha karane lge| idhara prasannacandra rAjarSi kI nirmalatA bar3ha rahI thI aura udhara zreNika rAjA ne bhagavAna mahAvIra se prazna kiyA ki muni prasannacandra yadi isa samaya kAla kareM to kahA~ utpanna hoNge| bhagavAna ne uttara diyA ki unheM kevalajJAna ho gayA hai| yaha udAharaNa isa bAta ko siddha karatA hai ki vyakti apanA puruSArtha karane meM svataMtra hai tathA kevalI 'jo hotA hai' use jAnate haiM / sarvajJatA kA yaha svarUpa svIkAra kiyA jAe to niyativAda kA praveza nahIM ho paataa| aniyata bhAvoM kI saMgati karma siddhAnta se bhI nahIM baitthtii| yadi sabhI bhAva aniyata hai to phira zubhAzubha kRtyoM kA zubhAzubha phaloM se anivArya saMbaMdha bhI nahIM hogaa| aniyatatA kA artha kAraNatA yA hetu kA abhAva bhI nahIM hotA / kAraNatA ke pratyaya ko asvIkAra karane para sArA karmasiddhAnta hI Dhaha jaaegaa| karmasiddhAnta naitika

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niyativAda 301 jagat meM svIkRta kAraNatA ke siddhAnta kA hI eka rUpa hai| jaina karmasiddhAnta yaha avazya mAnatA hai ki vyakti kA pratyeka saMkalpa evaM pratyeka kriyA akAraNa nahIM hotI hai, usake pIche kAraNa rUpa meM pUrvavartI karma rahate haiN| hamArI sArI kriyAe~, samagra vicAra aura manobhAva pUrvakarma kA pariNAma hote haiM, unase nirdhArita hote haiN| jaina vicAraNA meM karma siddhAnta ke sAtha-sAtha trikAlajJa sarvajJa kI dhAraNA svIkRta rahI hai| yahI do aise pratyaya haiM jinake dvArA niyativAda kA tattva bhI jaina vicAraNA meM praviSTa ho jAtA hai| 'niyati' kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta hai, isameM 'niyati' kAraNa se sabhI kArya niyata hote haiN| sarvajJatAvAda meM kArya-kAraNa kisa prakAra ghaTita hoMge, isako pahale se jAnA jA sakatA hai| niyativAda meM saba kucha niyata mAnane para bhI sarvajJatA ko mAnanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| binA sarvajJatA ke bhI niyativAda ko svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| isalie yahA~ ullekhanIya hai ki jahA~ bhI gozAlaka ke niyativAda kA svarUpa prApta hotA hai, vahA~ sarvajJatA kI koI carcA prApta nahIM hotI hai| sarvajJatva ke isa artha ko lekara ki sarvajJa hastAmalakavat sabhI jAgatika padArthoM kI traikAlika paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai, jaina vidvAnoM ne bhI kAphI UhApoha kiyA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM AcArya kundakunda, yAkinI sunU haribhadra, paM. sukhalAla jI, DaoN. indracanda zAstrI, paM. kanhaiyAlAla loDhA evaM DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke vicAra yahA~ prastuta kie jA rahe haiM samayasAra aura pravacanasAra meM AcArya kundakunda ne sarvajJatA kA artha AtmajJatA kiyA hai|240 kevalajJAnI AtmajJa hotA hai| AtmajJa hone ke sAtha vaha upayoga lagAne para anya vastuoM ko bhI jAna letA hai| yAkinIsunU haribhadrasUri apane aneka tarka granthoM meM traikAlika sarvajJatva kA hetuvAda se samarthana kara cuke the, para jaba unako usa hetuvAda meM traTi va virodha dikhAI diyA taba unhoMne sarvajJatva kA sarvasampradAya aviruddha artha kiyA va apanA yoga sulabha mAdhyastha sUcita kiyaa|29 paM. sukhalAla jI ne AcArAMga evaM vyAkhyAprajJapti ke saMdoM ke AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki AtmA, jagat evaM sAdhanAmArga saMbaMdhI dArzanika jJAna ko hI usa yuga meM sarvajJatva mAnA jAtA thA, na ki traikAlika jJAna ko| AcArAMga kA yaha vacana 'je egaM jANai se savvaM jANai' yahI batAtA hai ki jo eka AtmasvarUpa ko yathArtha rUpa se

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302 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa jAnatA hai, vaha usakI sabhI kaSAya paryAyoM ko bhI yathArtha rUpa se jAnatA hai| kevalajJAnI ke saMbaMdha meM bhagavatIsatra kA yaha vacana ki 'so jANai so Na jANai' bhI yahI batAtA hai- kevalajJAna traikAlika sarvajJatA nahIM hai, varan vizuddha AdhyAtmika yA dArzanika jJAna hai|02 * DaoN. indracandra zAstrI ke anusAra sarvajJatA ke sthAna para prayukta hone vAlA anantajJAna bhI traikAlika jJAna nahIM ho sktaa| ananta kA artha sarva nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki vastutaH yaha zabda stutiparaka hai| DaoN. zAstrI ne kevalajJAna ko Atma-anAtma ke viveka yA AdhyAtmika jJAna se saMbaMdhita svIkAra kiyA hai|243 paM. kanhaiyAlAla loDhA ne sarvajJatA kA artha azeSajJatA kiyA hai| unakA kathana hai ki kevalajJAnI ko kucha bhI jAnanA zeSa nahIM rahatA isIlie ve azeSajJa yA sarvajJa haiN|244 DaoN. sAgaramala jaina kA mata hai ki uparyukta kathana ke AdhAroM para sarvajJatA kA artha mAtra pUrNa dArzanika jJAna yA AdhyAtmika jJAna athavA tattvasvarUpa kA yathArtha jJAna kareM to jainadarzana meM puruSArtha kA sthAna spaSTa ho jAtA hai| gozAlaka ke niyativAda ke viruddha prastuta puruSArthavAdI dhAraNA kI rakSA bhI kI jA sakatI hai|245 kramabaddhaparyAya aura niyativAda 'kramabaddhaparyAya' Aja digambara jaina samAja kA bahucarcita viSaya hai| pUjya zrI kAnajI svAmI ne isa viSaya ko bar3I hI gambhIratA se prastuta kara adhyAtma jagat meM eka krAnti kA zaMkhanAda kiyA hai| niyativAda se saMbaMdhita hone se yahA~ isa viSaya para cintana apekSita hai| kramabaddhaparyAya se Azaya yaha hai ki isa pariNamanazIla jagat kI pariNamanavyavasthA 'kramaniyamita' hai| jagata meM jo bhI pariNamana nirantara ho rahA hai, vaha saba eka nizcita krama meM vyavasthita rUpa se ho rahA hai| sthUladRSTi se dekhane para jo pariNamana avyavasthita dikhAI detA hai, gaharAI se vicAra karane para usameM bhI eka suvyavasthita vyavasthA najara AtI hai| jaise ki nATaka ke raMgamaMca para jo dRzya vyavasthita dikhAye jAte haiM, ve to pahile se nizcita aura pUrNa vyavasthita hote hI hai, kintu jo dRzya avyavasthita dikhAye jAte haiM, ve bhI pUrva niyojita evaM pUrNa vyavasthita hote haiN| isI prakAra sampUrNa dravyoM kA avyavasthita-sA dikhane vAlA pariNamana bhI pUrNa nizcita aura vyavasthita hotA hai|

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niyativAda 303 koI bhI dravya kisI anya dravya ke pariNamana kA karttA harttA nahIM hai| isalie jIva apane hI pariNAmoM kA karttA hai aura ajIva apane pariNAmoM kA / isa prakAra jIva dUsare ke pariNAmoM kA akartA hotA hai| yaha bAta samayasAra ke kartA-karma adhikAra evaM sarvavizuddha jJAna adhikAra meM vistAra se spaSTa kI gaI hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki pratyeka dravya apanI pariNati kA karttA - bhoktA to hai hI, para isakA Azaya yaha nahIM ki sarvajJa ke jJAna meM usakA jo bhAvI pariNamana jhalakatA hai, usameM kucha phera-phAra kara sakatA hai| ataH yadyapi dravya apanI paryAyoM kA karttA hai tathApi vaha phera phAra kA karttA nahIM hai| kramabaddhaparyAya ko svIkAra karane para niyati kA prasaMga AtA hai| isa bAta ko DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla kI nimna paMktiyA~ pramANita karatI haiM- " kramabaddhaparyAya arthAt samyak niyati mAnane meM jagat ko puruSArtha kI aprAsaMgikatA dikhAyI detI hai, jabaki samyak - niyati meM anya kAraNoM kI upekSA na hone se isa prakAra kI koI bAta nahIM hai| 246 uparyukta uddharaNa se jJAta hotA hai ki 'kramabaddhaparyAya' kA svarUpa ekAnta niyativAda ke tulya nahIM hai, apitu anya kAraNoM (puruSArtha, svabhAva Adi) ke sApekSa eka kAraNa hai| DaoN. bhArilla ne paM. ToDaramala ke AdhAra para spaSTa kiyA hai - " vastutaH pA~coM (kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma, puruSArtha) samavAyoM kA samavAya hI kArya kA utpAdaka hai| yaha kahanA korI kalpanA hI hai ki pA~coM samavAyoM meM se yadi eka bhI nahIM milA to kArya nahIM hogA, kyoMki aisA saMbhava hI nahIM hai ki kArya honA ho aura koI samavAya na mile; jaba kArya honA hotA hai to sabhI samavAya hote hI hote haiN| puruSArtha ko mukhya karake yaha bAta paM. ToDaramala jI ne bahuta hI spaSTa likhI hai| 1247 yahA~ kramabaddhaparyAya meM niyati to nihita hai, kintu usameM anya kAraNoM kI upekSA nahIM hai| anya kAlAdi kAraNoM ke sApekSa hone se kramabaddhaparyAya rUpa niyati samyak niyati hai| pUrvakRta karma aura niyativAda prAyaH bhAratIya vAGmaya meM niyati evaM pUrvakRta karma (bhAgya) kI bhedaka rekhA prApta nahIM hotI / pUrvakRta karma ke anusAra bhAgya yA daiva kA nirmANa hotA hai tathA bhAratIya cintana meM inheM niyati kA paryAya mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra niyati, bhAgya, daiva aura pUrvakRta karma ekArthaka pratIta hote haiN| yadi pUrvakRta karmoM se bhAgya yA niyati kA nirmANa hotA hai to pUrvakRta karma ko kAraNa tathA niyati ko kArya mAnanA hogaa| kintu yaha bhI pUrNataH samIcIna pratIta nahIM hotA hai| kAraNa ki niyativAda evaM pUrvakRta karmavAda do bhinna siddhAnta hai| jo pRthak rUpa se kArya kI utpatti meM kAraNa mAne gaye haiN|

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304 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa pUrvakRta karma kI kAraNatA to jIvoM meM hI saMbhava hai, ajIvoM meM nhiiN| kyoMki karma siddhAnta kA vivecana sabhI darzana jIva kI zubhAzubha pravRttiyoM se jor3a kara karate haiN| niyativAda jIva aura ajIva donoM para lAgU hotA hai| niyativAda ke dvArA jIvaajIva se sambaddha pratyeka ghaTanA kI vyAkhyA kI jA sakatI hai| karmasiddhAnta bhI niyativAda kA taba eka aMga bana sakatA hai| niyativAda ke antargata puruSArtha, kAla evaM svabhAva kA bhI samAveza saMbhava hai| pUrvakRta karmavAda meM bhI karmoM kA phala niyata ho jAtA hai kintu puruSArtha ke dvArA jaina darzanAnusAra tapa Adi ke dvArA karma kI sthiti kA apakarSaNa, utkarSaNa yA saMkramaNa karake phalabhoga meM parivartana kiyA jA sakatA hai| puruSArtha aura niyativAda sAmAnyata: niyativAda ko puruSArthavAda kA virodhI samajhA jAtA hai| ekAnta niyativAdI niyati se hI saba kAryoM kA janma mAnate haiN| jIva se saMbaMdhita kAryoM ko bhI ve niyati se utpanna ThaharAte haiM tathA puruSArtha kI vyarthatA kA pratipAdana karate haiN| kintu niyativAda ke vyApaka adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki niyativAdI puruSArtha kA samAveza bhI niyati ke antargata kara lete haiN| niyati se hI vyakti puruSArtha karatA hai| isalie puruSArtha ko niyativAdI bhinna kAraNa na mAnakara niyati ko hI kAraNa svIkAra karate haiN| AcArya mahAprajJa ke mata meM niyati kA svarUpa niyati ke saMbaMdha meM yuvAcArya mahAprajJa (samprati AcArya) kA apanA maulika cintana hai| unhIM ke zabdoM meM "jo kucha hotA hai, vaha saba niyati ke adhIna hai| niyati kA yaha artha ThIka se nahIM samajhA gyaa| loga isakA artha bhavitavyatA karate haiN| jo jaisA honA hotA hai, vaha vaisA ho jAegA- yaha hai bhavitavyatA kI dhAraNA, niyati kI dhaarnnaa| niyati kA yaha artha galata hai| isI AdhAra para kahA gayA- 'bhavitavyaM bhavatyeva gajamuktakapitthavat'- jaisA honA hotA hai vaisA hI ghaTita hotA hai| hAthI kapittha kA phala khAtA hai aura vaha pUrA kA pUrA phala maladvAra se nikala jAtA hai, kyoMki bhavitavyatA hI aisI hai| nAriyala ke vRkSa kI jar3oM meM pAnI sIMcA jAtA hai aura vaha Upara nAriyala ke phala meM calA jAtA hai| yaha bhavitavyatA hai| yaha niyativAda mAnA jAtA hai| para aisA nahIM hai| niyati kA artha hI dUsarA hai| niyati kA vAstavika artha hai- jAgatika niyama, sArvabhauma niyama, yUnivarsala loN| isameM koI apavAda nahIM hotaa| vaha saba para samAna rUpa se lAgU hotA hai| vaha cetana aura acetana- saba para lAgU hotA hai| usameM apavAda kI koI guMjAiza nahIM hotii|"248

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niyativAda 305 "jisa niyama meM koI apavAda nahIM hotA, vaha hai niyti| jisameM apavAda hotA hai, vaha niyati nahIM, sAmAnya niyama hotA hai| niyati hai sArvabhauma niyama, yUnivarsala laoN / hamAre jIvana cakra ke hajAroM zAzvata niyama hai| jagat ke bhI hajAroM zAzvata niyama haiN| unameM apavAda nahIM hotA / mRtyu eka niyati hai| kyA koI isakA apavAda banA hai Aja taka? koI nahIM banA aura na bana skegaa| jo janmatA hai, vaha maratA hai| jisane janma liyA hai, vaha Aja yA kala avazya mregaa| jo jIvanadharmA hai vaha maraNadharmA hai| yaha niyati hai, nizcita hai| jIvana ke sAtha mRtyu jur3I huI hai| gItA meM kahA hai- 'jAtasya hi dhruvo mRtyurbhuvaM janma mRtasya c|' jo janmA hai usakI mRtyu nizcita hai aura jo mare hai unakA janma bhI nizcita hai| janma aura maraNa donoM anivArya niyati haiN| pratyeka prANI kI yaha niyati hai| yadi hama 'maraNa' zabda ko chor3a deM to acetana meM bhI niyati hai| koI bhI acetana dravya zAzvata nahIM hai| vaha badalatA hai, badalatA rahatA hai| eka paramANu bhI eka rUpa meM nahIM rahatA / use badalanA hI par3atA hai / cetana jagat meM janma aura mRtyu hotI hai aura acetana jagat meM janma aura mRtyu na kahakara utpAda aura vyaya kahA hai| isakA artha hai usakA eka rUpa banatA hai, naSTa ho jAtA hai| eka rUpa kA utpAda kahA hai aura dUsare kA vyaya hotA hai, hotA hai| utpAda aura vyaya kA cakra, janma aura mRtyu kA cakra, rUpAntaraNa kA cakra niyati hai| ve zAzvata niyama, jo cetana aura acetana para ghaTita hote haiM, una sAre niyamoM kA artha hai niyati / niyativAda bahuta bar3I bAta hai / niyativAdI jo kahate haiMjaisA niyati meM hai, vaisA hogA, yaha truTipUrNa prarUpaNA hai| isameM aneka bar3e-bar3e dArzanika cUke haiN| unhoMne niyati sArvabhauma niyama ko sAmAnya niyama ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA, isIlie niyati kA siddhAnta bhrAmaka bana gyaa| niyati ke vAstavika artha ko samajhane ke lie hameM yaha mAnanA par3egA ki niyama do prakAra ke hote haiM 1. manuSyoM dvArA kRta niyama 2. sArvabhauma niyama dUsarA nAza manuSyoM dvArA kRta niyama niyati nahIM hai| niyati vaha hai jo prAkRtika niyama hai, svAbhAvika aura sArvabhauma niyama hai| jo niyama jAgatika hai, saba para lAgU hotA hai, vaha hai niyti| hama niyati ke paMje se nahIM chUTa sakate / pratyeka vyakti niyati se jur3A huA hai, niyati ke sAtha cala rahA hai| koI bhI usakA apavAda nahIM hai / 249

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306 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa "niyati meM koI tarka nahIM hotA, vahA~ tarka kI pahu~ca nahIM hai| vaha tarka ke dvArA jAnI nahIM jA sktii| vaha tarkAtIta avasthA hai| manuSya ke dvArA nirmita niyamoM meM tarka kA praveza ho sakatA hai| yaha niyama kyoM banA-aisA pUchA jA sakatA hai| manuSya niyama banAtA hai to usake pIche kucha na kucha prayojana hotA hai| niSprayojana niyama nahIM banAe jaate| nyAyazAstra kahatA hai- 'yat yat kRtakaM tat tat anityaM jo kRtaka arthAt kiyA huA hotA hai, vaha anitya hotA hai, zAzvata nahIM hotaa| zAzvata hotA hai akRta, jo kiyA huA nahIM hotA hai| basa, yahI usakI maryAdA hai| manuSya kA banAyA huA niyama zAzvata nahIM hotA, niyati nahIM hotaa| niyati zAzvata hai| usake niyama svAbhAvika aura sArvabhauma hote haiN| ve akRta haiN| banAe hue nahIM hai, isIlie zAzvata haiN| niyativAda kI prAcIna vyAkhyA se haTakara maiMne yaha naI vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai| maiM jAnatA hU~ ki yaha niyativAda kI vaijJAnika vyAkhyA hai| jainadarzana ne isI vyAkhyA ko svIkArA hai|250 niSkarSa niyativAda ke anusAra niyati hI saba kAryoM kA kAraNa hai| niyativAda kA nirUpaNa maMkhali gozAlaka ne kiyA thaa| unakI mAnyatA kA ullekha vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra aura bauddha tripiTaka ke dIghanikAya meM spaSTataH huA hai| sUtrakRtAMga aura upAsakadazAMga sUtra meM bhI niyativAda kI carcA hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra ke 15veM zataka meM niyativAda ke prarUpaka gozAlaka kA vistAra se paricaya samprApta hotA hai| gozAlaka kI sampradAya AjIvaka sampradAya ke nAma se prasiddha hai, kintu vartamAna meM yaha astitva meM nahIM hai| niyativAda kA mantavya hai ki jo jaba jaisA aura jisase honA hotA hai vaha taba vaisA aura usase hI hotA hai| niyati ke svarUpa ko pratipAdita karane vAlA eka zloka sUtrakRtAMga aura praznavyAkaraNa kI TIkA, sanmati tarka, zAstravArtA samuccaya aura loka tattva nirNaya Adi dArzanika granthoM meM uddhRta hai, jo isa prakAra haiprAptavyo niyatinalAzrayeNa yo'rthaH, so'vazyaM bhavati nRNAM zubho'zubho vaa| bhUtAnAM mahati kRte'pi hi prayatne, nAbhAvyaM bhavati na bhAvino'sti naashH||251 arthAt jo padArtha niyati ke bala ke Azraya se prAptavya hotA hai, vaha zubha yA azubha padArtha manuSyoM ko avazya prApta hotA hai| prANiyoM ke dvArA mahAn prayatna karane para bhI abhAvya kabhI nahIM hotA aura bhAvI kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA hai| niyativAda kA koI svataMtra grantha upalabdha nahIM hai kintu isa siddhAnta kA prabhAva bhAratIya vAGmaya ke vibhinna granthoM meM dRggocara hotA hai| Agama, tripiTaka, upaniSad,

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niyativAda 307 purANa, saMskRta mahAkAvya evaM nATakoM meM bhI niyati ke pratipAdaka ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| veda meM niyativAda kA sAkSAt ullekha nahIM hai kintu paM. madhusUdana ojhA ne nAsadIya sUkta ke AdhAra para jagadutpatti ke daza vAda prastuta karate hue aparavAda ke antargata svabhAvavAda ke cAra rUpoM meM eka rUpa niyativAda batAyA hai| unhoMne niyativAda ke svarUpa ko spaSTa bhI kiyA hai, yathA yadaiva yAvadatho yato vA tadaiva tattAvadatho tato vaa| prajAyate'sminniyataM niyatyAkrAntaM hi pazyAma idaM smstm||252 zvetAzvataropaniSad meM 'kAlaH svabhAvo niyatiryadRcchA, bhUtAniyoniH puruSa iti cintyA 52 paMkti meM niyativAda kA astitva jJApita hotA hai| isa upaniSad ke zAMkarabhASya meM niyati kA svarUpa isa prakAra pratipAdita hainiyatiraviSamapuNya- pApalakSaNaM karma tadvA kaarnnm|254 arthAt puNya-pApa rUpa jo aviSama karma haiM, ve niyati kahe jAte haiN| aviSama karma kA phala kabhI viparIta nahIM hotaa| mahopaniSad evaM bhAvopaniSad ke uddharaNoM se jJAta hotA hai ki niyati eka niyAmaka tattva hai| harivaMza purANa, vAmanapurANa, nAradIyapurANa meM daiva athavA bhavitavyatA ke rUpa meM niyati kI carcA hai| durvArA hi bhavitavyatA55, durlaghyaM bhavitavyatA56 Adi vAkya harivaMza purANa meM tathA 'yadbhAvi tadbhavatyeva yadabhAvyaM na tadbhavet57 Adi vAkya nAradIya purANa meM puSTi karate haiN| rAmAyaNa meM 'niyatiH kAraNaM loke niyatiH karmasAdhanam 258 sadRza vAkya niyati kI mahattA ko sthApita karate hai| mahAbhArata meM vedavyAsa ne niyati ke svarUpa ko abhivyakta karate hue kahA hai yathA yathAsya prAptavyaM prApnotyeva tathA tthaa| bhavitavyaM yathA yacca bhavyatve tathA tthaa||259 saMskRta sAhitya ke vibhinna granthoM meM niyativAda yA bhavitavyatA kA prabhAva spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai| mahAkavi kAlidAsa viracita abhijJAna zAkuntala meM 'bhavitavyAnAM dvArANi bhavanti sarvatra 260, 'bhavitavyatA khalu balavatI69 Adi vAkya isake sAkSI haiN| hitopadeza, paMcatantra Adi meM bhI niyati kA mahattva sthApita hai| kalhaNa kI rAjataraMgiNi meM 'zakto na ko'pi bhavitavyAvilaMghanAyAm 262 vAkya niyati kI mahattA kA prakAzaka hai| ___ sAhityazAstrI mammaTa viracita kAvyaprakAza meM 'niyati' zabda kA prayoga mahattvapUrNa hai

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308 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa niyatikRtaniyamarahitAM haadaikmyiimnnyprtntraam| navarasarucirAM nirmitimAdadhatI bhAratI kverjyti||263 kAvyaprakAza kI bAlacittAnuraMjanI TIkA, viveka TIkA, dIpikA TIkA, sampradAyaprakAzinI TIkA, sudhAsAgara TIkAoM meM niyati ke svarUpa kA prakAzana kiyA gayA hai| unhoMne asAdhAraNa dharma yA niyAmaka tattva ke rUpa meM, karma kI apara paryAya ke rUpa meM, adRSTa ke rUpa meM tathA daiva ke rUpa meM niyati zabda kI vyAkhyA kI hai| bauddha tripiTaka meM sUtrapiTaka ke antargata dIghanikAya meM gozAlaka ne buddha ke prazna kA uttara dete hue apane mata ko spaSTa kiyA hai- "prANiyoM ke duHkha kA koI hetu yA pratyaya nahIM hai| binA hetu aura pratyaya ke hI prANI duHkhI hote haiN| prANiyoM kI vizuddhi kA bhI koI hetu yA pratyaya nahIM hai| binA hetu aura pratyaya ke hI prANI vizuddhi ko prApta hote haiN| na AtmA kucha karatI hai aura na para kucha karatA hai, na puruSakAra hai, na bala hai, na vIrya hai, na puruSastAma hai, na puruSaparAkrama hai| sabhI sattva, sabhI prANa, sabhI bhUta aura sabhI jIva avaza haiM, abala haiM, avIrya haiN| niyati ke saMga ke bhAva se pariNata hokara 6 prakAra kI abhijAtiyoM meM sukha-duHkha kA saMvedana karate haiN|"264 yogavAsiSTha meM niyati ke siddhAnta ko sRSTi ke prArambha se hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yathA Adisarge hi niytirbhaavvaicitrymkssym| anenetthaM sadA bhAvyamiti saMpAte prm||265 yogavAsiSTha meM pratipAdita hai ki niyati kA cAroM ora sAmrAjya hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki jagat meM sAre vyApAra niyamita rUpa se hote hue dikhAI par3ate haiM aura pratyeka vastu kA svabhAva nizcita jAna par3atA hai| niyati kI aTalatA aura nizcitatA ko koI bhI khaNDita karane meM samartha nahIM hai| yahAM taka ki sarvajJa aura bahujJa prabhu bhI niyati ko anyathA nahIM kara sakate sarvajJo'pi bahujJo'pi mAdhavo'pi haro'pi c| anyathA niyatiM kartuM na zaktaH kazcideva hi||266 yogavAsiSThakAra ne puruSArtha ko bhI niyati sApekSa pratipAdita kiyA hai| niyati puruSArtha ke rUpa se hI jagat kI niyAmikA hai- 'pauruSeNa rUpeNa niyatirhi niyaamikaa| 267 kAzmIra zaiva darzana meM 36 tattvoM ke antargata niyati kI bhI gaNanA

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niyativAda 309 kI gaI hai tathA kahA gayA hai ki niyati kaMcuka ke kAraNa pratyeka prANI apane pUrva karmoM ke phala ko bhogane ke lie bAdhya banA rahatA hai| jaina darzana ke vibhinna granthoM meM niyativAda kA nirUpaNa huA hai / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM, praznavyAkaraNa sUtra aura usakI TIkAoM meM, nandIsUtra kI avacUri meM niyativAda ke saMbaMdha meM jo carcA huI hai, usakA saMkSepa nimnAnusAra hai 1. sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke pauNDarIka nAmaka adhyayana meM niyativAdI ke mata kA svarUpa spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki duHkha-sukha kI prApti apane yA dUsare ke nimitta se nahIM apitu niyati ke kAraNa se hotI hai| saMsAra meM jo trasa va sthAvara prANI hai ve saba niyati ke prabhAva se hI audArika Adi zarIra kI racanA ko prApta karate haiN| ve niyati ke kAraNa hI bAlya, yuvA aura vRddhAvasthA ko prApta karate haiM tathA zarIra se pRthak hote haiN| 2. sthAnAMga sUtra evaM bhagavatI sUtra meM niyativAda kA sIdhA ullekha to nahIM milatA kintu cAra prakAra ke vAdI samavasaraNoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai- kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, ajJAnavAdI aura vinayavAdI / inameM kriyAvAdI aura akriyAvAdI ke antargata niyativAda ke kramazaH 36 evaM 14 bheda kie gae haiN| 3. nandIsUtra kI avacUri meM niyativAda kA svarUpa spaSTa rUpa se pratipAdita hai / tadanusAra niyati eka pRthak tattva hai jisake vaza meM sabhI bhAva haiM aura ve niyata rUpa se hI utpanna hote haiN| jo, jaba, jisase honA hotA hai vaha taba, usase hI niyata rUpa se prApta hotA hai| aisA nahIM mAnane para kArya-kAraNa vyavasthA aura pratiniyata vyavasthA saMbhava nahIM hai| 4. praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM niyativAdiyoM ke mata kA ullekha huA hai- Natthettha kiMci kayagaM tattaM lakkhaNavihANaNiyatIe kAriyaM evaM kei jNpnti|168 TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri ne niyativAda ko prastuta karate hue kahA hai ki niyativAdiyoM ke anusAra puruSakAra ko kArya kI utpatti meM kAraNa mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kyoMki usake binA niyati se hI samasta prayojanoM kI siddhi ho jAtI hai| TIkAkAra jJAnavimalasUri spaSTa karate haiM ki niyativAdI niyati se hI jagat kI utpatti aMgIkAra karate haiM tathA bhavitavyatA ko sarvatra balIyasI batalAte haiN| 5. AcArAMga sUtra kI zIlAMka TIkA meM niyati ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai'kA punariyaM niyatiriti ucyate, padArthAnAmavarayaMtayA yahAthAbhavane

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310 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa prayojakakI niytiH| 269 arthAt padArthoM meM Avazyaka rUpa se jo jisa prakAra honA hotA hai usakI prayojakakI niyati hotI hai| paMcama zatI I. meM siddhasena divAkara pramukha jaina dArzanika hue haiN| unhoMne niyati para battIsa zlokoM meM dvAtriMzikA kA nirmANa kiyA hai| isa dvAtriMzikA meM kartRtvavAda kA khaNDana karate hue niyativAda ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| siddhasena viracita dvAtriMzikA evaM vijayalAvaNyasUriracita TIkA aura muni bhuvana candra racita gujarAtI vyAkhyA ke AdhAra para niyativAda kI nimnAMkita mAnyatAe~ abhivyakta 1. sarvasattvoM ke svabhAva kI niyatatA hai| buddhi ke dharma Adi ATha aMga niyati se niyamita haiN| niyativAda ke anusAra jIva kA svarUpa caitanya hai tathA krodha, moha, lobha Adi jJAna lakSaNa rUpa svabhAva jisakA hai vaha caitanya hai| 4. niyativAda meM pA~ca indriyA~ aura mana mAnya hai| mana ahaM ke dvArA niyati hai tathA pratyeka zarIra meM pRthak-pRthak rUpa se rahatA hai| 5. naraka, svarga Adi ke duHkha-sukha niyata haiN| jJAna bhI niyata hai tathA uccakulInoM kA svabhAva bhI niyata hai| niyativAda ke anusAra AkAza, kAla, sukha-duHkha, jIva-ajIva Adi tattva mAnya haiN| niyativAdiyoM ko pratyakSa aura anumAna pramANa mAnya haiN| 9. zarIra Adi kA kartA AtmA nahIM hai| 10. jagadvaicitrya kI siddhi niyativAda ke binA nahIM ho sktii| 11. niyati Adi se niyamita upAdAna hI satkArya meM vyApAra karatA hai| yaha niyati hI kArya kI nimitta hotI hai| AThavIM zatI meM haribhadrasUri ne zAstravArtA samuccaya meM niyativAda kI carcA kI hai tathA unake TIkAkAra yazovijaya (17vIM zatI) ne apanI tIkSNamati se yuktiyoM ko vyavasthita kiyA hai| ina donoM dArzanikoM dvArA prastuta niyativAda meM nimnAMkita vizeSatAe~ prakaTa huI haiM

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niyativAda 311 1. niyatijanyatA pratyeka vastu kA sAdhAraNa dharma hai| sabhI padArtha niyati se utpanna hote haiM niyatenaiva rUpeNa sarve bhAvA bhavanti yat / . 270 tato niyatijA hyete tatsvarUpAnuvedhataH / / 2. niyati pramANa se siddha hai kyoMki jagat meM niyati ke svarUpa ke anusAra hI ghaTAdi kAryoM kI utpatti dekhI jAtI hai| niyati rUpa viziSTa kArya kI utpatti hI niyati kI sattA meM pramANa hai| 3. niyati ke binA mUMgoM kA pakanA bhI saMbhava nahIM hai / haribhadrasUri kahate haiMna carte niyatiM loke mudrapaktirapIkSyate / tatsvabhAvAdibhAve'pi nAsAvaniyatA yataH / / ,271 4. kArya ko yadi niyatijanya nahIM mAneMge to kArya meM niyata rUpatA kA koI niyAmaka nahIM bnegaa| niyAmakatA ke abhAva meM utpanna hone vAle kAryoM meM sarvAtmakatA kI Apatti A jaaegii| nyAyAcArya yazovijaya ne nayopadeza meM niyativAda kA ullekha mithyAtva ke 6 sthAnoM ke antargata kiyA hai| niyativAdI kA mantavya hai ki mukti to hotI hai kintu usakA koI upAya nahIM hai| vaha akasmAt hI hotI hai| Adhunika yuga meM tilokaRSi jI mahArAja ne niyativAda ko savaiyA chanda meM nibaddha kiyA hai| niyati ke saMbaMdha meM svayaMbhUstotra, aSTazatI, gommaTasAra, svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA Adi granthoM meM bhI vivecana huA hai| ina granthoM meM niyati kI kathaMcit svIkRti jaina darzana meM svIkRta hotI huI pratIta hotI hai| samantabhadra ne bhavitavyatA ko durnivAra kahA hai / aSTazatI meM bhaTTa akalaMka ne bhavitavyatA ke svarUpa ko prastuta karate hue eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai tAdRzI jAyate buddhirvyavasAyazca tAdRzaH / sahAyAstAdRzAH santi yAdRzI bhvitvytaa|| gommaTasAra aura svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA meM niyati kA svarUpa prakaTa huA hai| jisake anusAra padArtha kI pratyeka paryAya kA dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva niyata hai| gommaTasAra meM kahA gayA hai ki jo jaba jisake dvArA jaise jisakA niyama se hone vAlA hai vaha usI kAla meM usI ke dvArA usI rUpa se niyama se usakA hotA hai - aisA niyati kA svarUpa mAnanA niyativAda hai / 272

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312 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa jainAgama evaM jaina dArzanika kRtiyoM meM niyativAda kA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana prApta hotA hai| jaina dArzanika pahale apanI kRtiyoM meM jaina darzana kA upasthApana karate haiM tathA phira usakA khaNDana karate haiN| sUtrakRtAMga meM niyativAda kA sAMketika nirUpaNa huA hai| TIkAkAra zIlAMkAcArya ne sUtrakRtAMga kI gAthA meM Ae 'saMgaiaM' pada kA artha niyatikRta svIkAra kiyA hai- niyatikRta saaNgtikmityucyte|273 jisa jIva ko jisa samaya jahA~ jisa prakAra ke sukha-duHkha ko anubhava karanA hotA hai, vaha saMgati kahalAtI hai| yaha saMgati hI niyati hai| prANiyoM ke sukha-duHkha Adi unake udyoga dvArA kie hue nahIM kintu unakI niyati dvArA kie hue hote haiM isalie ve sAMgatika kahalAte haiN| niyativAda kA nirasana karate hue sUtrakRtAMga meM niyativAdI ko buddhihIna batAyA hai| Agama kA mantavya hai ki pUrvakRta karma evaM puruSArtha bhI vyakti ke sukha-du:kha meM hetu hote haiN| TIkAkAra zIlAMkAcArya ke matAnusAra sukha-duHkha Adi kathaMcit niyati se hote haiM arthAt unameM pUrvakRta karma kAraNa hotA hai| kathaMcit ve aniyatikRta bhI hote haiM kyoMki unameM kAla, svabhAva, puruSakAra Adi kI apekSA hotI hai| yadi niyativAda ko svIkAra kiyA jAe to paraloka ke lie kI gaI kriyAe~ vyartha ho jaayeNgii| puruSArtha ko vyartha nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| niyati svata: niyata hai yA kisI anya se niyantrita hai| isa prakAra kA prazna uThAkara bhI niyativAda ko aprAmANika ThaharAyA gayA hai| upAsakadazAMga sUtra meM AjIvaka mata ke upAsaka sakaDAla putra ko bhagavAna mahAvIra ne niyativAda ko avyavahArika evaM asatya batAyA hai tathA utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya, puruSArtha, parAkrama Adi ke mahattva kA sthApana kiyA hai| sarva bhAvoM ko niyata mAnane kA unhoMne nirasana kiyA hai| praznavyAkaraNa sUtra ke TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri ne puruSakAra kA apalApa karane vAle niyativAda ko mRSA evaM pramANAtIta nirUpita kiyA hai| praznavyAkaraNa sUtra ke hI anya TIkAkAra jJAnavimalasUri ne kahA hai ki niyati acetana hai aura acetana kartA kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai, vaha kisI ke Azrita hI ho sakatI hai, anAzrita nhiiN| dvAdazAranayacakra pA~cavIM zatI kI mahattvapUrNa racanA hai jisameM mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ne evaM unake TIkAkAra siMhasUri ne niyativAda ko upasthApita karate hue usakI vibhinna vizeSatAoM ko iMgita kiyA hai| yathA1. niyativAda meM puruSa ke kartRtva ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA jaataa| unake anusAra puruSa na svatantra hai aura na jnyaataa| 2. niyati hI eka mAtra kAraNa hai jisako svIkAra karane para padArthoM ke sadRza yA visadRza kAryoM ke ghaTita hone meM koI vyAghAta nahIM AtA hai|

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7 niyativAda 313 niyati utpadyamAna padArthoM se bhinna nahIM hai| apitu bheda buddhi se utpanna hone vAle padArthoM meM bhI niyati kI abhinnatA rahatI hai| kriyA aura kriyAphala rUpa sabhI niyatiyoM meM abheda hotA hai| eka hI niyati se dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva kI apekSA se vibhinna svarUpa prakaTa hote haiN| apekSA se vaha dravya-niyati, kSetra-niyati, kAlaniyati aura bhAva-niyati se jAnI jA sakatI hai| niyati eka hokara bhI bhinna-bhinna kAryoM ko karane meM samartha hotI hai tathA aneka rUpa hone para kArya aura kAraNa se vaha abhinna hotI hai| niyati eka hokara bhI aneka hai| 7. yadi kahIM utpatti Adi meM aniyama dekhA jAtA hai taba bhI vahA~ niyati ko hI kAraNa mAnanA caahie| niyati se kArya-kAraNa kI athavA sAdhya-sAdhana kI samasta vyavasthA bana jAtI hai| niyati ko svIkAra karane para koI abhimAna zeSa nahIM raha jaataa| 10. niyama kA abhAva hone meM bhI niyati hI kAraNa hai| 11. puruSa kI vyagratA, avyagratA Adi niyati se hI hotI hai| sarvajJa baMdhana evaM mokSa kI prakriyA ko bhI niyati se hI svIkAra karate haiN|dvaadshaarnyckr meM niyativAda ke nirasana meM pramukha rUpa se do tarka die gae haiMniyati ke sarvAtmaka hone se sadaiva saba vastue~ saba AkAra vAlI ho jAyeMgI tathA unameM pUrva, pazcAt aura yugapat kA vyavahAra saMbhava nahIM hogaa| ii) niyati ko svIkAra karane para hita kI prApti aura ahita ke parihAra ke lie AcAra kA upadeza nirarthaka ho jaaegaa| haribhadrasUri ke zAstravArtA samuccaya meM niyativAda kA prabala nirasana huA hai| unake TIkAkAra yazovijaya ne bhI yathAprasaMga haribhadrasUri ke tarko ko vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai| donoM ke pramukha tarka isa prakAra haiM 1. niyati kI ekarUpatA asaMbhava hai|

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314 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 2. niyati ko svIkAra karane para usakI sarvahetutA kA lopa upasthita hotA hai| sarvahetutA se Azaya hai sabhI vastuoM kA eka hetu niyti| 3. anya bhedaka ke binA niyati se vaicitrya kI kalpanA anupayukta hai| 4. niyati ko svIkAra karane para zAstropadeza kI vyarthatA evaM zubhAzubha kriyA ____ phala ke niyama kA abhAva siddha hotA hai| sanmati tarka ke TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri ne niyativAda ke svarUpa ko prastuta karate hue kahA hai ki sabhI vastuoM ke tathA tathA niyata rUpa hone ke kAraNa niyativAdiyoM ke mata meM niyati hI ekamAtra kAraNa hai| tIkSNa zastrAdi se upahata hokara bhI maraNa ko prApta na hone aura zastrAdi ke ghAta ke binA bhI mRtyu kA bhAjana banane meM niyati hI kAraNa hai| unhoMne niyativAda ke nirasana meM aneka hetu die haiM1. niyati ko mAnane para zAstra kI vyarthatA evaM zubhAzubha kriyA phala kA abhAva siddha hotA hai| 2. jJAna ko utpanna karane vAlI niyati ajJAna ko utpanna nahIM kara sktii| 3. niyativAda ko svIkAra karane para aniyama meM kAraNa kA abhAva hai| 4. niyati nitya bhI nahIM ho sakatI aura anitya bhii|| 5. svAtmanikriyAvirodha ke kAraNa niyati svayaM ko utpanna karane meM samartha nahIM hai| kAla Adi anya kAraNoM kA niSedha mAnane para nirhetuka niyati kI utpatti mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| dharmasaMgrahaNi TIkA meM AcArya malayagiri ne niyativAda ke nirasana meM do hetu die haiM1. niyati ke atirikta kAraNa ko aMgIkRta kiye binA jagat kI vicitratA saMbhava nahIM hai| 2. niyati se bhinna bhedaka kAraNoM ko svIkAra karane para jagat kI vicitratA meM anyonyAzraya doSa AtA hai| Adhunika yuga meM bIsavIM zatI ke jainAcArya zrI AtmArAma jI mahArAja ne niyati ke saMbaMdha meM bhAva-abhAva rUpa, eka-aneka rUpa, nitya-anitya rUpa vikalpoM ke mAdhyama se niyativAda kA nirasana karate hue kucha naye tarka bhI upasthita kiye haiN| unhoMne niyati meM vyatireka ko asaMbhava siddha kiyA hai tathA niyati kI ekarUpatA, anekarUpatA ke sAtha abhAvarUpatA kA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai|

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niyativAda 315 isa adhyAya meM niyativAda se jur3e jaina darzana ke katipaya binduoM para vizeSa carcA kI gaI hai, jinameM kAlalabdhi aura niyati, sarvajJatA aura niyativAda, kramabaddhaparyAya aura niyativAda tathA pUrvakRta karma aura niyativAda kA samAveza hai| jaina darzana meM bhI kathaMcit niyati kA praveza hai| isakI puSTi kAlalabdhi, sarvajJatA aura kramabaddhaparyAya ke siddhAntoM se hotI hai| adhyAya meM kathaMcit niyati ko jainadarzana meM svIkAra karate hue bhI kAlalabdhi, sarvajJatA aura kramabaddhaparyAya ko ekAnta niyativAda se pRthak siddha kiyA gayA hai kyoMki jaina darzana meM niyati ko kAraNa mAnate hue bhI usameM kAla, svabhAvAdi anya kAraNoM ko bhI sthAna diyA gayA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne apane vAGmaya meM niyati kI vyAkhyA sArvabhauma niyama ke rUpa meM kI hai| jise svIkAra karane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai, kintu yaha prAcIna paramparA meM pratipAdita niyati ke svarUpa se bhinna hai| saMdarbha vAlmIki rAmAyaNa, kiSkindhA kANDa, sarga 25, zloka 4 (ka) sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.2.3 kI zIlAMka TIkA meM (kha) praznavyAkaraNa sUtra 1.2.7 kI abhayadeva vRtti (ga) zAstravArtAsamuccaya-stabaka 2, zloka 62 kI yazovijaya TIkA meM (gha) sanmati tarka 3.53 kI TIkA meM (Da) upadeza pada mahAgrantha pR. 140 (ca) loka tattva nirNaya, pR. 25 para zloka 27 mahAbhArata, zAMtiparva, adhyAya 226, zloka 10 yasmAcca yena ca yathA ca yadA ca yacca yAvacca yatra ca shubhaa'shubhmaatmkrm| tasmAcca tena ca tathA ca tadA ca tacca, tAvacca tatra ca vidhaatRvshaadupaiti||- hitopadeza, mitralAbha, zloka 40 (ka) zvetAzvataropaniSad 1.2 (kha) IzAdyaSTottarazatopaniSadaH ke mahopaniSad meM pRSTha 375 (ga) IzAdyaSTottarazatopaniSadaH ke bhAvopaniSad meM pRSTha 476

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316 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 6. (ka) harivaMza purANa 61.77 (kha) harivaMza purANa 62.44 nAradIya mahApurANa, pUrva khaNDa, adhyAya 37, zloka 48 kule janma tathA vIryamArogyaM rUpameva c| saubhAgyamupabhogazca bhavitavyena lbhyte|| -mahAbhArata, zAnti parva, 28.23 apriyaiH saha saMyogo viprayogazca supriyaiH| arthAnau~ sukhaM duHkhaM vidhaanmnuvrtte|| -mahAbhArata, zAnti parva, 28.18 prAdurbhAvazca bhUtAnAM dehatyAgastathaiva c| prAptiAyAmayogazca sarvametat prtisstthitm||-mhaabhaart, zAnti parva, 28.19 rAjataraMgiNI, aSTamataraMga, zloka 2280 10. (ka) abhijJAna zAkuntalam, prathama aMka, zloka 14 (kha) abhijJAna zAkuntalam, SaSTha aMka, zloka 9 se pUrva meM 11. (ka) yad bhAvi na tadbhAvi bhAvi cenna tadanyathA- hitopadeza, sandhi, zloka 10 (kha) na hi bhavati yanna bhAvyaM bhavati ca bhAvyaM vinApi ytnen| -paMcatantra 2.10/2.129 12. suttapiTaka ke dIghanikAya ke prathama bhAga meM, sAmaJaphalasuttaM, makkhaligosAlavAda 13. praznavyAkaraNa, prathama zrutaskandha, dvitIya adhyayana sUtra 4 14. zvetAzvataropaniSad 1.2 15. sUtrakRtAMga 2.1.664 16. upAsakadazAMga sUtra, adhyayana 7, sUtra 182-200 17. nandIsUtra, malayagiri avacUri, pR. 179 18. SaDdarzana samuccaya pR. 18,19 19. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga dvitIya, pR. 613 20. svayaMbhUstotra, zrI supArzva jina stavana, zloka 3 21. vyAkhyAprajJapti, zataka, 15, sUtra 28 22. 'gosAlassa maMkhaliputtassa eyamaTuM paDisuNemi -vyAkhyAprajJapti, zataka 15, sUtra 44

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23. niyativAda 317 "je NaM gosAlA ! egAe saNahAya kummAsapiMDiyAe egeNa ya viyaDAeNaM chaTuMchadveNa anikkhitteNaM tavokammeNaM uDDuM bAhAo pagijjhiya pagijjhiya jAva viharai se Na aMto chaNhaM mAsANaM saMkhittaviulateyalesse bhavati / " - vyAkhyAprajJapti, zataka 15, sUtra 54 24. 'tae NaM se gosAle maMkhaliputte teNaM aTThagassa mahAnimittassa kevai ulloyametteNa savvesiM pANANaM savvesiM bhUyANaM savvesiM jIvANaM savvesiM sattANaM imAI cha atikkamaNijjAI vAgaraNAI vAgareti, taMjahA- lAbhaM alAbhaM suhaM dukkhaM jIvitaM maraNaM thaa|" - vyAkhyAprajJapti, zataka, 15, sUtra 8 25. tae Na chaddisAcarA aTThavihaM puvvagayaM maggadasamaM saehiM saehiM matidaMsaNehiM nijjUhaMti, sa. nijjUhittA gosAlaM maMkhaliputtaM uvaTTAiMsu / - vyAkhyAprajJapti, zataka 15, sUtra 7 26. " je NaM se gosAle maMkhaliputte tava dhammaMtevAsI se NaM sukke sukkAbhijAie bhavittA kAlamAse kAlaM kiccA annayaresu devaloesu devattAe uvavanne / ahaM NaM udAI nAmaM kuMDiyAyaNie / ajjuNassa goyamaputtassa sarIragaM vippajahAmi, ajju . vippa. 2 gosAlassa maMkhaliputtassa zarIraMgaM aNuppavisAmi go. aNu. 2, imaM sattamaM paTTaparihAraM pariharAmi / " je vi thAI Auso ! kAsavA ! amhaM samayaMsi keyi sijjhiMsu vA sijjhati vA sijjhiti vA savve te caurAsIti mahAkappasayasahassAiM satta divve satta saMja satta sannigame satta uTTaparihAre paMca kammuNi sayasahassAiM saddhiM ca sahassAI ghacca sae tiNi ya kammaMse aNupuvveNaM khavaittA tao pacchA sijjhaMti, bujjhaMti, muccati, parinivvAiMti, savvadukkhANamaMtaM kareMsu vA, kareMti vA, karissaMti vA / ' - vyAkhyAprajJapti, zataka 15, sUtra 68 27. 'tae NaM te AjIviyA therA gosAlaM maMkhaliputtaM samaNehiM niggaMthehiM dhammiyAe paDicoyaNAe paDicoijjamANaM, dhammiyAe paDisAraNAe paDisArijjamANaM, dhammaNaM paDoyAreNaM paDoyArijjamANaM aTThehi ya heUhi' - vyAkhyAprajJapti, zataka 15, sUtra 85 28. aparavAda, niyativAda adhikaraNa, zloka 2 29. aparavAda, niyativAda, adhikaraNa, zloka 1 30. rUpeNa sarve niyatena bhAvA bhavanti tasmAnniyatiM pRthagvat / manyAmahe kAraNamIzvaro vA'Nurvetare vA niyatervaze syuH // - aparavAda, niyativAda adhikaraNa, zloka 3

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1. IzA 318 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 31. (ka) itthaM purA kecana pUraNAdyA vizvasya mUlaM niyatiM vdntH| unmUlayanti sma mataM pareSAM yAdRcchikAnAM bhuyuktiyogaiH|| -aparavAda, niyativAda adhikaraNa, zloka 4 (kha) ojhA jI ne pUraNakazyapa ko niyativAdI ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai, jabaki tripiTaka meM pUraNakazyapa ko akriyAvAdI batAyA gayA hai| niyativAda kA pracAraka maMkhali gozAlaka hai, aisA bauddha aura jaina granthoM se pramANita hotA hai| vastutaH 'akriyAvAda' aura 'niyativAda' donoM meM siddhAntataH vizeSa bheda nahIM hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki kucha samaya bAda pUraNa kazyapa ke anuyAyI gozAlaka ke anuyAyiyoM meM mila gae the| - gaNadharavAda, prastAvanA (paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA) pR. 125 32. brahmacatuSpadI, virAT pariccheda, satyAntaryAmirUpam 33. zvetAzvataropaniSad, adhyAya 1; zloka 2 34. zvetAzvataropaniSad, 1.2 para zAMkara bhASya IzAdyaSTottarazatopaniSad, pR. 375 36. IzAdyaSTottarazatopaniSad, pR. 476 37. nairAzyena kRto yatnaH svajane prahRtaM myaa| daivaM puruSakAreNa na caatikraantvaanhm|| -harivaMza purANa, prathama khaNDa, saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjA kutuba (vedanagara) barelI (u.pra.) pR. 257, 254, 256 38. harivaMza purANa 61.77 39. harivaMza purANa 62.44 40. harivaMza purANa 43.68 -vizva saMskRta sUkti koza, bhAga dvitIya se uddhRta kramazaH pR. 254, 254, 256 vAmanapurANa, sarvabhAratIya kAzirAjanyAsa, durga rAmanagara, vArANasI, san 1968, adhyAya 51, zloka 45, 46 42. nAradIya mahApurANa, pUrva khaNDa, adhyAya 37, zloka 48 43. nAradIya mahApurANa, uttara khaNDa, adhyAya 28, zloka 65 44. nAradIya mahApurANa, pUrva khaNDa, adhyAya 37, zloka 47

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niyativAda 319 45. zrImad vAlmIki rAmAyaNa, kiSkindhA kANDa, paMcaviMzaH sargaH, zloka 4, gItA presa, gorakhapura 46. naivArthena na kAmena vikrameNa na caajnyyaa| zakyA daivagatirloke nivrtyitumudytaa|| -vAlmiIki rAmAyaNa, 6.113.25 daivameva paraM manye pauruSaM tu nirrthkm| daivenAkramyate sarva daivaM hi paramA gtiH|| -vAlmiIki rAmAyaNa 1.58.22 47. sukhaduHkhe bhayakrodhau lAbhAlAbhau bhvaabhvau| yasya kiMcit tathAbhUtaM nanu daivasya karma tt|| -rAmAyaNa, ayodhyAkANDa, sarga 22, zloka 22 48. mahAbhArata, zAMti parva, adhyAya 226, zloka 10 49. mahAbhArata, vana parva, adhyAya 32 zloka 32 50. kathaM tasya samutpattiryato daivaM prvrtte| evaM tridazaloke'pi prApyante bahavo gunnaaH|| -mahAbhArata anuzAsanaparva, prathama adhyAya, zloka 26 51. kule janma tathA vIryamArogyaM rUpameva c| saubhAgyamupabhogazca bhavitavyena lbhyte|| - mahAbhArata zAnti parva, 28.23 apriyaiH saha saMyogo viprayogazca supriyaiH| arthAnY sukhaM duHkhaM nidhaanmnuvrtte|| -mahAbhArata zAnti parva 28.18 prAdurbhAvazca bhUtAnAM dehatyAgastathaiva c| prAptiAyAmayogazca sarvametat prtisstthitm| - mahAbhArata zAnti parva 28.19 52. vyAdhiragnirjalaM zastraM bubhukSAzcApado vissm| jvarazca maraNaM jantoruccAcca patanaM tthaa|| nirmANe yasya yad diSTaM tena gacchati setunaa|| - mahAbhArata zAnti parva 28.25 53. utthAnAM ca manuSyANAM, dakSANAM daivvrjitm| aphalaM dRzyate loke, smygpyuppaaditm|| -mahAbhArata, sauptika parva a. 2.11 anyathA cintitaM kAryamanyathA tat tu jaayte| aho nu balavad daivaM kAlaca durtikrmH|| -mahAbhArata, karNa parva 9.20 bhavitavyaM tathA tacca naanushocitumrhsi| daivaM prajJAvizeSeNa ko nivrtitumrhti|| -mahAbhArata, Adi parva 1.246

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320 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 54. abhijJAnazAkuntalam, prathama aMka, zloka 14 abhijJAna zAkuntalam, SaSTha aMka, zloka 9 se pUrva meM 56. yaddhAtrA nijabhAlapaTTalikhitaM stokaM mahad vA dhanaM, tatprApnoti marusthale'pi nitarAM merau tato naa'dhikm| taddhIro bhava vittavatsu kRpaNAM vRttiM vRthA mA kRthAH, kUpe pazya payonidhAvapi ghaTo gRhNAti tulyaM jlm|| -nItizatakam, zloka 50 57. bhagnAzasya karaNDapiNDitatanomAnendriyasya kSudhA, kRtvA'khurvivaraM svayaM nipatito naktaM mukhe bhoginH| tRptastatpizitena satvaramasau tenaiva yAtaH pathA, lokAH! pazyata daivameva hi nRNAM vRddhau kSaye kaarnnm|| -nItizatakam, zloka 86 58. majjatvambhasi yAtu meruzikharaM za-jayatvAhave, vANijyaM kRSisevane ca sakalA vidyAH kalA: shiksstaam| AkAzaM vipulaM prayAtu khagavatkRtvA prayatna paraM, nAbhAvyaM bhavatIha karmavazato bhAvyasya nAzaH kutH|| -nItizataka, 102 59. hitopadeza, sandhi, zloka 10 60. nahi bhavati yanna bhAvyaM bhavati ca bhAvyaM vinApi ytnen| ___ karatalagatamapi nazyati yasya hi bhavitavyatA naasti|| -paMcatantra 2.10/2.129 61. palAyanairnApayAti nizcalA bhvitvytaa| dehinaH pucchasaMlInA, vahnijvAleva pkssinnH|| nAcchinvahniviSazastrazaraprayogai zvabhrapAtarabhasena na caabhicaaraiH| zakyA nihantumasavo vidhurairakANDe bhoktavyaMbhoganiyatocchvAsitasya jntoH|| -rAjataraMgiNI, aSTama taraMga, zloka 222, 223 62. rAjataraMgiNI, aSTama taraMga, zloka 2280 63. kAvyaprakAza, prathama ullAsa, zloka 1 kAvyaprakAza (solaha TIkAoM sahita), prathama khaNDa, nAgaprakAzaka 11e/ yU.e., javAhara nagara, dillI, meM bAlacittAnuraMjanI TIkA pR. 6, viveka TIkA pR. 7, dIpikA TIkA pR. 9, sampradAyaprakAzinI TIkA pR. 14, sudhAsAgara TIkA pR. 31 65. kAvyaprakAza, prathama ullAsa, zloka 1 kI saMketa TIkA pR. 2 4.

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niyativAda 321 "natthi mahArAja hetu natthi paccayo sattAnaM saMkilesAya, ahetU apaccayA sattA sNkilissnti| natthi hetu, natthi paccayo sattAnaM visuddhiyA, ahetU apaccayA sattA visujjhnti| natthi attakAre, natthi parakare, natthi purisakAre, natthi balaM, natthi vIriyaM, natthi purisathAmo, natthi purisprkkmo| sabbe sattA sabbe pANA sabbe bhUtA sabbe jIvA avasA abalA avIriyA niyati-saMgatibhAvapariNatA chasvevAbhijAtIsu sukhadukkhaM pttisNvedenti|" -suttapiTaka ke dIghanikAya ke prathama bhAga meM (vipazyanA vizodhana vinyAsa, igatapurI 1998) sAmaJaphalasuttaM makkhaligosAlavAda 67. tattha natthi 'iminAhaM sIlena vA vatena vA tapena vA brahmacariyena vA aparipakkaM vA kammaM paripAcessAmi paripakkaM vA kammaM phussa phussa byantiM karissAmI ti hevaM natthiA -dIghanikAya, sAmaJajaphalasutta, makkhaligosAlavAda yogavAsiSTha 2.62.9 yogavAsiSTha 3.62.26, 5.89.26 70. sargAdau yA yathA ruDhA sNvitkcnsNttiH| sA'dyApyacalitanyAyena sthitA niytirucyte|| 3.54.22 aamhaarudrpryntmidmitthmitisthiteH| AtRNApadmajaspandaM niyamAnniyatiH smRtaa|| 6/1. 37.22 - yogavAsiSTha aura usake siddhAnta, pR. 217 71. yogavAsiSTha 3.62.27 yogavAsiSTha 5.24.31 73. yogavAsiSTha 5.24.32 74. yogavAsiSTha 5.24.35 yogavAsiSTha 5.24.36 mAyAparigrahavazAd bodho malinaH pumAn pshurbhvti| kAla-kalA-niyativazAd rAgAvidyAvazena sNbddhH||-prmaarthsaar, kArikA 16 parApravezikA, pR. 9, uddhRta-paramArthasAra kI bhUmikA pR. 17 78. niyatirniyojayatyenaM svake karmaNi pudgalam-mAlinIvijayottaratantra, 1.29 niyatirniyojanAM dhatta viziSTe kAryamaNDale- tantrAloka bhAga 6, pR. 160 niyacchati bhogeSu aNUniti niyatiH -tantrAlokaTIkA, bhAga-6, pR. 160 -paramArthasAra, yogarAjakRta vivRtti kA saTTippaNa sahita, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, vArANasI, pR. 33 ke phuTanoTa se

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322 jainadarzana meM kAraNa- kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 79. sUtrakRtAMga, dvitIya zrutaskandha, prathama adhyayana, sUtra 664 80. 81. sUtrakRtAMga 2.1.665 82. sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. 28, uddhRta jainadarzana kA AdikAla pR. 30 se 83. 84. 88. 89. 85. draSTavya, pRSTha 89 86. praznavyAkaraNa sUtra, zrutaskandha 1, adhyayana 2, sUtra 50 87. "nApyasti puruSakAraH, taM vinaiva niyatitaH sarvaprayojanAnAM siddheH' - praznavyAkaraNa 1.2.7 kI abhayadeva vRtti 90. 91. 'bAle puNa evaM vippaDivedeti kAraNamAvanne, taMjahA- jo'hamaMsI dukkhAmi vA soyAmi vA jUrAmi vA tippAmi vA piDDAmi vA paritappAmi vA ahaM tamakAsI, vAjaM dukkhati vA soyai vA jUrai vA tippai vA piDDui vA paritappai vA paro tamakAsi evaM se bAle sakAraNaM vA parakAraNaM vA vippaDivedeti kAraNamAvanne / medhAvI puNa evaM vippaDivedeti kAraNamAvanne - ahamaMsi dukkhAmi vA soyAmi vA jUrAmi vA tippAmi vA piDDAmivA, paritappAmi vA, ahametamakAsi paro vA jaM dukkhati vA jAva paritappati vA no paro eyamakAsi / evaM se mehAvI sakAraNaM vA parakAraNaM vA evaM vippaDivedeti kAraNamAvanne / ' -sUtrakRtAMga, dvitIya zrutaskandha, prathama adhyayana sUtra 664 92. 93. jaina darzana kA AdikAla, lekhaka - dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI, bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA mandira, ahamadAbAda 9, 1980, pR. 30 (ka) bhagavatI sUtra 30.1.1. (kha) sthAnAMga sUtra 4.4.530 (345) praznavyAkaraNa 1.2.7 sUtra kI abhayadeva vRtti 'kecinniyatibhAvitaM jagaditi jalpanti bhavitavyataiva sarvatra balIyasIti' praznavyAkaraNa 1. 2.7 kI jJAnavimalasUri TIkA praznavyAkaraNa 1.2.7 kI jJAnavimala sUri TIkA meM (ka) nandIsUtra, malayagiri avacUri, pR. 179 (kha) SaDdarzanasamuccaya pR 18, 19 para bhI uparyukta aMza uddhRta AcArAMga sUtra, adhyayana 1, uddezaka 1, sUtra 3 kI zIlAMka TIkA kAlo sahAvaNiya, puvvakayaM purise kAraNegaMtA / micchattaM te ceva, samAsao hoMti sammattaM / / - sanmati tarka 3.53 -

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94. dvAtriMzit dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 1 95. 'abhijAta' ko bhuvanavijayajI ne AjIvaka saMpradAya kA pAribhASika zabda mAnate hue artha kiyA hai- 'jIva kA stara / abhijAti 6 prakAra kI hotI hai| jainadarzana kI 6 lezyAoM ke tulya abhijAti ko mAnA gayA hai| ye abhijAtiyA~ niyati dvArA niyata haiN| - niyati dvAtriMzikA (gujarAtI anuvAda aura vivaraNa sahita) niyativAda 323 96. dvAtriMzat - dvAtriMzikA, niyatidvAtriMzikA, zloka 1 para AcArya vijayalAvaNyasUri viracita TIkA 97. vizvaprAyaM pRthivyAdipariNAmo'prayatnataH / - niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 7 98. dvAtriMzat - dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 1 kI TIkA 99. 'dharmAdayo'STau aMgAni yasyAH sA dharmAdyaSTAMgA, jinapratimAdikaM dRSTavA spRSTavA dharmo bhavati, parAMganAdikaM dRSTavA'dharmo bhavati guNasahakRta cakSurAdIndriyAdito jJAnamupajAyate doSasahacakSurAdito viparyaya-saMzayAdisvarUpamajJAnamupajAyate, duHkhitAn saMsRtigatAn prANino dRSTavA vairAgyamupajAyate, bhavati, evaM bhavati, duSTajanadarzana viSayalolupatAsavyapekSacakSurAdijanitadarzanato'vairAgyaM sAghudarzanatatsevAdito'STavidhaizvaryaM sparzanAdito'naizvaryamupajAyata ityevamapi kAraNa vaicitryato dharmAdivirodhaparihAra: saMbhavatIti / ' -dvAtriMzat dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 12 para AcArya vijayalAvaNyasUri viracita TIkA 100. dvAtriMzat - dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 12 kA aMza 101. dvAtriMzat - dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 12, A. vijayalAvaNyasUri TIkA 102. dvAtriMzat - dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 19 yasya 103. 'nAtiriktanityacaitanyasvarUpa AtmA'smAbhirupeyate kintu moha-kAma-krodhalobhAdikaM yajjAnaM tallakSaNaM svarUpaM yasya sa mohAdijJAnasvarUpaH sattvazcaitanyamevetyarthaH, tadAdi caitanyamAdikAraNaM tattadAdipUrvapUrvacaitanyakAraNakam, evaMbhUtaM sat tadvat tatsadRzaM tajjAtIyaM tasya saMkalpaH sa samIcInatayA pUrvAparabhAvena kalpanA racanA yatra sa tadAditadvatsaMkalpaH mohAdijJAnasvarUpaM pUrvapUrvacaitanyaM tathAbhUtottarottaracaitanyakAraNamitikRtvA pUrvAparasaMkalanAsvarUpa ekacaitanyasvarUpaH / - dvAtriMzat dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 19 para AcArya vijayalAvaNyasUri viracita TIkA / > 104. 'niyati dvAtriMzikA (gujarAtI anuvAda aura vivaraNa sahita ) zloka 19 kA vivaraNa |

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324 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 105. dvAtriMzat-dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 21 106. "sparzanAdi - mano'ntAni sparza - nayana - rasana - ghrANa - zravaNa - manAMsi etAnIndriyANi, bhUtasAmAnyajAtimAn bhUtatvalakSaNajAtimAn pRthivyAdiviSayaH, tatra manaH ahanniyatam ahaM sukhyahaM duHkhItyAdyahaMkArAparAbhidhAnAbhimAnaniyataM, dravyaM pUrvAparaparyAyAnugAmi, pariNAmi pariNamanazIlam, anumUrti ca mUrtiH zarIram, mUrtimanusaratIti anumUrti, pratizarIraniyataM yAvanti zarIrANi tAvanti manAsItyarthaH" -dvAtriMzat-dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 21 kI TIkA 107. "sparza-rUpa-rasa-gandha-zabdAnAM madhyAt sparzakaviSayatvalakSaNo dharmaH sparzanendriyasya rUpaikaviSayatvalakSaNo dharmo nayanendriyasya, rasaikaviSayatvalakSaNo dharmo rasanendriyasya, gandhaikaviSayatvalakSaNo dharmo ghrANendriyasya, zabdaikaviSayatvalakSaNo dharmaH, zravaNendriyasyetyevaM parasparaviruddhadharmAdhyAsAt teSAM vailkssnnymityrthH|" -dvAtriMzat dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 22 para AcArya vijayalAvaNyasUri TIkA 108. niyati dvAtriMzikA (gujarAtI anuvAda aura vivaraNa sahita)-zloka 21 ke vivaraNa meM 109. dvAtriMzat-dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 23 110. 'duHkhAdinirayaH atizayitAsahyayAtanAparikalito'nyo'nyAbhibhavakadarthito duHkhAtiduH khAtiduHkhatamakAma-krodha-mohAtirekazAlinaraduHkhAtiduHkhAtiduHkhatamakAma-krodhamohAtirekazAlinara niyatyaiva tathAvidhaM nAnyathAbhUtaM, tiryakSu tiryagyoniSu, puruSottamAH viziSTAtizayazAlinaH puruSAH, raktAyAM bhUmau niyatyaiva tathAvidhAH ajanAyAM tu ajanAyAM bhUmau punaH, sukhajAH sukhasamutpannAH sukhaikabhAginaH kintu na guNottarAH etadapi niyatimAhAtmyamiti bhaavH|" -dvAtriMzat-dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 23 para AcArya vijayalAvaNyasUri TIkA 111. dvAtriMzat-dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 25 112. yathA sUrye-kamalayogaH udite sUrya paMkajaH praphullito bhavati, na ca tatra ko'pi he sUrya! tvaM kamalaM vikAzaya, kamala! tvaM sUryodayato vikasito bhavatyevamupadizati, tathA buddheH jJAnasya, upadezaH tattadviSayakathanalakSaNaH na ca syAt na ca bhavet, tarhi jJAnaM kathaM pratibuddhasya bhavatItyAkAMkSAyAmAha tattvaM ceti pratyabhijAtayaH viziSTajAtimantaH, tebhyaH pUrvAgamAdibhyaH asya vAkyasyAyamartho'yaM cAsyAbhiprAya iti kasyacidupadezamantareNaiva tattvaM vastu pratibudhyante jAnanti, ayaM ca svabhAvo niyati balAdeveti bhaavH| -dvAtriMzat dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 25 para A.vijayalAvaNyasUri TIkA 113. dvAtriMzat dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 26

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niyativAda 325 114. 'agniH pAvakaH dAhakasvabhAvaH, samaM tulyam, na naiva, idhyti| prajvalito bhavati dAhyAdAdyavastusamudAyaiSvekatrAsvabhAvasyAparyanuyojyatvAdityadAhyAdAhyavastusamudAyai SvekatrAsvabhAvasyAparyanuyojyatvAditya niyativAdopo- dvlkmevetyaashyH|' -dvAtriMzat dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 26 kI AcArya vijayalAvaNyasUrikRta TIkA 115. "samAnAbhijaneSveva samAnakula-vaMzasamudbhUteSveva, evakAreNAsamAnakulavaMzAdInAM vyavacchedaH gurugauravamAninaH gurordharmAbhyupadezakarturyad gauravaM mahanIyacaritratvapUjyatvAdikaM tanmAninastadabhyupagantAraH, svabhAvamadhigacchanti svabhAvaM prApnuvanti, athavA samAnAbhijaneSveva gurugauravasya mahagauravasya mantuH svabhAvamadhigacchanti, nanu samAnA samAnAbhijaneSu satsu svabhAvena vartanameva yuktaM tathaiva samadRSTisvabhAvaH syAdanyathA viSamadRSTitvaM syaaditi|" -dvAtriMzat dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 26 kI TIkA 116. dvAtriMzat dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 28 117. 'surAdikramaH pUrve surAstato'surA ityevaM sRSTikramaH ekeSAM keSAMcidAcAryANAm, mate iti zeSaH, asya ca pUrveNottareNa cAnvayaH, mAnasA manodbhavAH pUrva mAnasyaH prajAH brahmaNo manasA jAtAH prajA iti, hi yataH utkramakramAt kramamullaGghaya kramAH brahmA yathecchati tathA prajA samutpadyata iti mAnasyAM sRSTau kramo nAstIti bhAvaH, surANAM sukhameva bhavati nArakANAM duHkhameva bhavati manuSyAdInAM ca sukhaduHkhomayaM bhavatItyataH sukha-duHkha vikalpAccakhaNDiH vibhAgaH ime surA ime nArakA ime manuSyA ityAdi vibhajanam, yAnaH vibhinnavimAnayAnasthitikaH abhijAtayaH uccakulanIcakulAdyutpattikA ityrthH|| -dvAtriMzat dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA zloka 28 kI AcArya vijayalAvaNyasUri TIkA 118. dvAtriMzat dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 29 119. dvAtriMzat dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 30 120. niyati dvAtriMzikA (gujarAtI anuvAda aura vivaraNa sahita) zloka 14 ke vivaraNa meM 121. dvAtriMzat-dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 3 122. svazarIrasyAtisannihitasyAtyantopakAriNaH indriyasya ca tathAbhUtasya cakSurAdeH, niSpattau avikalAvayavAGgapratyaMgasvarUpotpattI, svayam IzvarakAlAdRSTAdinirapekSaH aprabhuH asamarthaH kintu zukrazoNitasaMyogasamudbhUtabudbudakalalAdyavasthAdipariNatahastapAdamastakAdyaMgapratyaMga- niSpattito'nenetthameva bhavitavyamiti niyatibalAdeva manuja-deva-pazu- pakSyAdivilakSaNajAtIyasvabhAvaM shriiraadhutpdyte| -niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 3 kI AcArya vijayalAvaNyasUri racita TIkA

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326 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 123. 'kartRvAde prAdhAnyena katureva kAraNatvaM, kartA ca na ko'pi svasya duHkhamicchati, na vA nIcakulagotrAdikamicchati kintvatizayitasukhamevecchati uccakulagotrAdikamevecchati iti sukhamevoccakula-gotrAdikameva syAditi jagadvaicitryaM na syAt.......kartuH prAvINyAbhAvAt kathaM krtRvaadsmbhv|" -niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 4 kI AcArya vijayalAvaNyasUri racita TIkA 124. dvAtriMzat dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 4 125. tathA'tizayakriyau ekasya jIvasya dharmamatizete'parasya jIvasya dharmaH yatastajjanyasukhApekSayotkRSTataraM sukhAdikamaparasya jIvasyAtizayitadharmanibandhanaM bhavati, evamekasya jIvasyAdharmamatizete'parasya jIvasyAdharmaH, yatastajjanyaduHkhAdyapekSayotkRSTataraM duHkhAdikamaparasya jIvasyAtizayitAdharmanibandhanaM bhavatItyevamanyo'nyAtizayakriyau na caitAdRzau tau dezakAlAdimedamantareNeti, dezAdyapekSau ceti tayoruktasvabhAvayodharmAdharmayoH kathaM kena prakAreNa kaH kIdRzaH kartRsambhavaH kartRvAdopapattiH, dharmAdharmoM na pratyakSeNAnubhUyete, tathA cedRzau tau nAnyAdRzAviti kartuM na kartA prabhuH, niyativAdAbhyupagame tu asya dharmasyAnena svabhAvena bhavitavyamasya dharmasyAnena svabhAvena bhavitavyamiti niyatyA niyamanaM sambhavatIti bhaavH| -dvAtriMzat dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 4 para AcArya vijayalAvaNyasUri racita ttiikaa| 126. dvAtriMzat-dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 5 127. draSTavya dvAtriMzat-dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 5 para AcArya vijayalAvaNyasUri racita ttiikaa| 128. 'yathA grAmadhyakSa-dezAdhyakSa-pradhAnasenApatyAdiparikaropeto bhUpatiH rAjyaprazAsanAdikArye svatantraH kartumakartumanyathAkatuM ca samarthastathA jIvo'pi dRSTAdRSTakAraNacakropetaH san sukhAdikArya karotIti svataMtra eveti kartRprAdhAnyavAdo nirvahati iti|' -dvAtriMzat dvAtriMzikA, niyati dvAtriMzikA, zloka 6 para AcArya vijayalAvaNyasUri racita TIkA 129. niyati dvAtriMzikA (gA~dhI dhAma) zloka 6 130. 'rAjAdi dRSTAntena niyuktikaM kartuH svAtantryaM vAdyabhyupagatamityarthaH na pratiSidhyate niyativAdinA na nirAkriyate, na hi vAGmAtreNa kimapi vastvabhyupagacchato vaktuH vaktraM vakrIbhavati, na ca tathA sAdhitaM vastu siddhikoTimupaDhaukate ato vastugatyA'siddhasya tasya niSedho na yujyata iti jIvasya kartuH svAtantryAbhAve....animittaM syAt tathA, na pratiSidhyate kintu sanimittameva pratiSidhyate tatsvAtantryapratiSedhe kiM nimittamityAkAGkSAyAmAha

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niyativAda 327 nimittAnIti dharmAdharmAdyadRSTApekSasyaivAtmanaH sukha - duHkhAdyutpattau sAmarthya na tannirapekSasyetyAdIni nimittAni yAni pUrvamupadarzitAni niyativAdopodbalakAni, tAni nimittAni niyatyA niyamitAni kAraNAni ityvaaritm|' -dvAtriMzatdvAtriMzikA, niryAta dvAtriMzikA, zloka 6 para AcArya vijayalAvaNyasUri TIkA 131. sajAtIya-vijAtIyavyAvRttena svabhAvAnugatenaiva rUpeNa sarve bhAvA bhavanti / yasmAd hetoH nizcitam bhAvAH naiyatyaniyAmakatattvAntarodbhavAH / hetvantaramAha niyatikRtapratiniyatadharmopazleSAt / - zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2 zloka 132. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 61 133. "dRzyate hi tIkSNazastrAdyupahatAnAmapi maraNaniyatatAbhAvena maraNam, jIvananiyatatayA ca jIvanameveti / " - zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 61 kI TIkA 61 kI TIkA 134. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 62 135. "pramANasiddhe'rthe bAdhAnavatArAt niyatarUpAvachinnaM prati niyatereva hetutvAt, anyathA niyatarUpasyApyAkasmikatA''patteH" - zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 62 kI TIkA 136. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 63 137. "kiMca daNDAdisattve'vazyaM ghaTotpattiriti na samyag nizcayaH tatsatve'pi kadAcid ghaTAnutpatteH, kintu saMbhAvanaiva, iti na dRSTahetusiddhi:, 'yadbhAvyaM tadbhavatyeva' iti tu samyag nizcayaH " - zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 63kI TIkA 138. " na caivaM kAryotpatteH pUrvaM niyatyanizcayAt pravRttirna syAditi vAcyam, avidyayaiva pravRtteH, phalalAbhasya tu yAdRcchikatvAditi dig|" - zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 63 kI TIkA 139. zAstravArtA samuccaya, 2.64 140. loka tattva nirNaya, pR. 22 para zloka 15 141. "nAsti" ityAdi, nAstyAtmA iti cArvAkamate, na nitya iti kSaNikavAdimate, na kartA na bhokteti sAMkhyamate, yadvA na karteti sAMkhyamate, na bhoktetyupacaritabhoktRtvasyApyanabhyupagamAdvedAntimate, nAsti nivRttiH sarvaduHkhavimokSatvalakSaNeti nAstikaprAyANAM sarvajJAnabhyupagantRNAM yajvanAM mate, asti muktiH paraM tadupAyo nAsti sarvabhAvAnAM niyatatvenAkasmAdeva bhAvAditi

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328 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa niyativAdimate, ityetAni SaT mithyAtvasthAnakAnyAhuH pUrvasUrayaH / " -nayopadeza, zloka 123 kI vRtti 142. tiloka kAvya kalpataruH bhAga 4, zrI ratna jaina pustakAlaya, ahamadanagara, tattva muktAvalI : vAdasvarUpa, pR. 90 143. svayambhUstotra, zrI supArzva jina stavana, zloka 3 144. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, bhAga dvitIya, zloka 882 145. svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA gAthA 321, 322 146. sUtrakRtAMga, prathama zrutaskandha, prathama adhyayana, dvitIya uddezaka, gAthA 3 147. sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.2.3 kI zIlAMka TIkA 148. " yo'yaM sukhaduHkhAnubhavaH sa puruSakArakRtakAraNajanyo na bhavatIti.....yadi puruSakArakRtaM sukhAdyanubhUyeta tataH sevakavaNikkarSakAdInAM samAne puruSakAre sati phalaprAptivaisAdRzyaM phalAprAptizca na bhavet kasyacittu sevAdivyApArAbhAve'pi viziSTaphalAvAptirdRzyata iti, ato na puruSakArAtkiMcidAsAdyate, kiM tarhi ? niyatereveti etacca dvitIya zlokAnte'bhidhAsyate nApi kAlaH kartA, tasyaikarUpatvAjjagati phalavaicitryAnupapatteH kAraNabhede hi kAryabhedo bhavati nAbhede, tathAhi - ayameva hi bhedo bhedaheturvA ghaTate yaduta viruddhadharmAdhyAsaH kAraNabhedazca, tathezvarakartRke'pi sukhaduHkhe na bhavataH / " - sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.2.3 kI zIlAMka TIkA " 149. " tathA svabhAvasyApi sukhaduHkhAdikartRtvAnupapattiH yato'sau svabhAvaH puruSAbhinno'bhinno vA? yadi bhinno na puruSAzrite sukhaduHkhe kartumalaM, tasmAd bhinnatvAditi, nApyabhinnaH abhede puruSa eva syAt, tasya cAkartRtvamuktameva / nApi karmaNaH sukhaduHkhaM prati kartRtvaM ghaTate, yatastatkarma puruSAdbhinnamabhinnaM vA bhavet ? abhinnaM cetpuruSamAtratApattiH karmaNaH, tatra cokto doSaH atha bhinnaM tatkiM sacetanamacetanaM vA? yadi sacetanamekasmin kAye caitanyadvayApattiH, athAcetanaM tathA sati kutastasya pASANakhaNDasyevAsvatantrasya sukhaduHkhotpAdanaM prati kartRtvamiti / " - sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.2.2 kI zIlAMka TIkA 150. 'kriyAsiddhauyadivobhayamapyetatsukha-duHkhaMvAnakcandanAMganAdyupabhoga bhavaM tathA kazAtADanAMkanAdisiddhau bhavaM saiddhikaM, tathA asaiddhikaM sukhamAntaramAnandarUpamAkasmikamanavadhAritabAhyanimittam evaM duHkhamapi jvarazirorttizUlAdirUpamaMgotthamasaiddhikaM tadetadubhayamapi na svayaM puruSakAreNa kRtaM nA'pyanyena kenacit kAlAdinA kRtaM vedayantyanubhavanti pRthajjIvAH prANina iti / ..... 'iha'

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niyativAda 329 asmin sukhaM duHkhAnubhavavAde ekeSAM vAdinAmAkhyAtaM teSAmayamabhyupagamaH / tathA coktam- prAptavyoniyatibalAzrayeNa yo'rthaH so'vazyaM bhavati nRRNAM zubho'zubho vA / bhUtAnAM mahatikRte'pi hi prayatne, nAbhAvyaM bhavati na bhAvino'sti nAzaH / ' - sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 1.1.2.3 kI zIlAMka TIkA 151. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 1.1.2.4 152. 'niyayAniyayaM saMtamiti sukhAdikaM kiMcinniyatikRtam - avazyaMbhAvyudayaprApitaM tathA aniyatam-AtmapuruSakArezvarAdiprApitaM sat niyatikRtamevaikAntenAzrayanti, ato'jAnAnAH sukhaduHkhAdikAraNamabuddhikAH buddhirahitA bhavantIti, tathAhiArhatAnAM kiMcitsukhaduHkhAdi niyatita eva bhavati, tatkAraNasya karmaNaH kasmiMzcidavasare'vazyaMbhAvyudayasadbhAvAnniyatikRtamityucyakasmiMzcidavasare'vazyaM tathA kiMcida- niyatikRtaMca bhAvyudayasadbhAvAnniyatikRtamityucyate, puruSakArakAlezvarasvabhAvakarmAdikRtaM' - sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.2.4 kI zIlAMka TIkA / 153. sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.2.4 kI zIlAMka TIkA meM 154. 'yattu samAne puruSavyApAre phalavaicitryaM dUSaNatvenopanyastaM tadadUSaNameva yatastatrA'pi puruSakAravaicitryamapi phalavaicitrye kAraNaM bhavati, samAne vA puruSakAre yaH phalAbhAvaH kasyacid bhavati so'dRSTakRtaH, tadapi cA'smAbhiH kaarnntvenaashritmev|' -sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.2.4 kI zIlAMka TIkA 155. sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.2.5 meM 156. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 1.1.2.5 kI zIlAMka TIkA 157. 'te punarniyativAdamAzrityA'pi bhUyo vividhaM vizeSeNa vA pragalbhatA dhASTaryopagatAH paralokasAdhikAsu kriyAsu pravarttante / dhASTaryAzrayaNaM tu teSAM niyativAdAzrayaNe satyeva punarapi tatpratipanthinISu kriyAsu pravartanAditi / ' -sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 1.1.2.5 kI zIlAMka TIkA 158. 'etadvakSyamANaM viprativedayanti jAnanti tadyathA- kriyA-sadanuSThAnarUpA akriyA tu asadanuSThAnarUpA ityAdi yAvadevaM te niyativAdinastadupari sarva doSajAtaM prakSipya virUparUpaiH karmasamArambhairvirUparUpAn kAmabhogAn bhojanAya upabhogArthaM samArabhanta iti / tadevameva- pUrvoktayA nItyA te'nAryA virUpaM niyatimArga pratipannA vipratipannAH, anAryatvaM punasteSAM niryuktikasyaiva niyativAdasya samAzrayaNAt ' - sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, zrutaskandha 2, puNDarIka adhyayana sUtra 12 kI zIlAMka TIkA

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330 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 159. "tathAhi-asau niyatiH kiM svata eva niyatisvabhAvA utAnyayA niyatyA niyamyate? kiMcAtaH? tatra yadyasau svayameva tathAsvabhAvA sarvapadArthAnAmeva tathAsvabhAvatvaM kiM na kalpyate? kiM bahudoSayA niyatyA samAzritayA? athAnyayA niyatyA tathA niyamyate, sA'pyanyayA saa'pynyyetyevmnvsthaa| tathA niyate: svabhAvatvAnniyatasvabhAvayA'nayA bhavitavyaM na nAnAsvabhAvayeti, ekatvAcca niyatastatkAyaNApyekAkAreNaiva bhavitavyaM, tathA ca sati jagadvaicitryAbhAvaH na caitadRSTamiSTaM vaa| tadevaM yuktibhirvicAryamANA niyatirna kathaMcid ghttte|" -sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, zrutaskandha 2, puNDarIka adhyayana, sUtra 12 kI zIlAMka TIkA 160. "yadapyuktaM dvAvapi tau puruSau kriyAkriyAvAdinau tulyau, etadapi pratItibAdhitaM, yatastayorekaH kriyAvAdyaparastvakriyAvAdIti kathamanayostulyatvam, athaikayA niyatyA tathAniyatatvAttulyatA anayoH etacca nirantarAH suhRdaH pratyeSyanti, niyaterapramANatvAt, apramANatvaM ca prAglezataH pradarzitameva, yadapyuktaMyaduHkhAdikamahamanubhavAmi tannAhamakArSamityAdi, tadapi bAlavacanaprAyaM yato (yata) janmAntarakRtaM zubhamazubhaM vA tadihopabhujyate, svkRtkrmphleshvrtvaadsumtaaN|" -sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, zrutaskandha 2, puNDarIka adhyayana sUtra 12 kI zIlAMkAcArya TIkA 161. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, zrutaskandha 2, puNDarIka adhyayana sUtra 12 kI zIlAMka TIkA 162. "tadevaM te niyativAdino'nAryA vipratipannAstameva niyuktikaM niyativAda zraddadhAnAstameva ca prtiiynte|" -sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, zrutaskandha 2, puNDarIka adhyayana, sUtra 12 kI zIlAMka TIkA 163. tassa NaM saddAlaputtassa AjIviovAsagassa ekkA hiraNNa-koDI nihANa-pauttA, ekkA vuDDhi-pauttA, ekkA pavitthara-pauttA, ekke vae, dasa-gosAhassieNaM vennN| tassa NaM saddAlaputtassa AjIviovAsagassa polAsapurassa nagarassa bahiyA paMca kuMbhakArAvaNa-sayA hotthaa|- upAsakadazAMga sUtra, adhyayana 7 sUtra 182, 184 164. upAsakadazAMga sUtra, adhyayana 7, sUtra 199 165. upAsakadazAMga, adhyayana 7, sUtra 200 166. 'to jaM vadasi natthiM uTThANe i vA jAva niyayA savvabhAvA, taM te micchaa|' -upAsakadazAMga, adhyayana 7, sUtra 200 167. praznavyAkaraNa 1.2.7 kI abhayedava vRtti 168. praznavyAkaraNa 1.2.7 kI jJAnavimalasUri TIkA

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niyativAda 331 169. "na, nidrAvadavasthAvRtteH puruSatAyA evAsvAtantryAt, ahitavegavitaTapAtavat" - dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga, pRSTha 193 170. "sa yadi jJaH svatantrazca nAtmano'narthamaniSTamApAdayet vidvadvAjavat" dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga, pRSTha 193 171. " tanniyamakAriNA kAraNenAvazyaM bhavitavyaM teSAM tathAbhAvAnyathAbhAvAbhAvAditi niyatirevaikA kartrI / na hi tasyAM kadAcit kathaMcit tadarthAnyarUpyamekatvavyAghAti / - dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga, pRSTha 194 172. dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga, pRSTha 194 173. " tadviSayasya ghaTAdiviSayasya mRtpiNDadaNDacakrAdisAdhanasya prayatnasAdhyasya ghaTAtmanirvRttirUpasya kriyAphalasya tena prakAreNa niyaterniyatirevAtra kAraNamiti / " - dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga, pRSTha 195 para siMhasUri vRtti meM 174. 'paramArthato'bhedAsau kAraNaM jagataH ' -dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga, pR. 195 para 175. "yathA bAlyakaumArayauvanamadhyamAvasthAbhedabuddhayutpattAvapi puruSatvamabhinnamevaM niyatirapi kriyAkriyAniyataphalabhedabuddhayAdibhedeSvabhinneti / " - dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga, pR. 995 para siMhasUri kI TIkA 176. "bhedavabuddhayutpattAvapi paramArthato'bhedAt, bAlAdibhedapuruSatvavat, katham? abhedabuddhayAbhAsabhAve'pyabhedAbhyanujJAnAd bhedabuddhayAbhAsabhAve'pyabhedAbhyanujJAnAdeva vyavacchinnasyANupuruSatvavat / " -dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga, pR. 195 177. "vyavacchinnasthANupuruSatvavat, paramArthataH sthANureva vA puruSa eva veti vyavacchinne vastuni yathordhvatAsAmAnyasyAbhedasya darzanAdabheda evaM sarvaniyatiSu kriyA- kriyAphalarUpAsviti / " - dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga, pRSTha 196 para siMhasUri TIkA 178. " sA punarniyatirbhedAbhedarUpA, kasmAt ? iti sakAraNaM svarUpanirUpaNamasyA ucyate - sA cetyAdi / sA ca niyatistadeva, sarvaniyatiSu tasyA evAvizeSAt / atacca kriyA'kriyAniyatyAdivailakSaNyAt / AsannA, pratyakSopalabhyeSvartheSu pratyAsattyA niyttvaat| anAsannA, kAryAnumAnAgamagamyeSu duurtvaat|" - dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga, pRSTha 196 para siMhasUri kI TIkA 179. dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga, pR. 196 para siMhasUri kI TIkA 180. 'nAbhAvibhAvo na bhAvi nAza: ' -dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga, pR. 196

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332 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 181. "tasyA eva niyaterekatvAnekatvavirodhaparihArArtha dRSTAntamAha-'yathA loka ityekatva eva prvtaadhaakaaraavgrhH| eka eva lokaH saritsamudramahImahIghragrAmArAmAdibhirAkArairavagRhyamANo bhidyate (tathA) bhedAbhedarUpeNa niyatiH, etad bAhyaM nidrshnm| AntaraM tu yathA jJAnamekatve'pyanekabodhyAkAraM bhvti|" -dvAdazAranayacakra prathama vibhAga, pR. 197 para siMhasUri TIkA 182. dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga, pR. 198 183. dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga, pR. 199-200 184. "evaM ca vyavasthita evArthe'vyaktasyaivArthasya vyakteH sarva niytmev| tasya svavyakteH sarvakAlaM vyavasthitAdAdanyo mayA kRta iti mithyAbhimAna essH| na tu niyatau kiNcinnaasti|" -dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga, pR. 201 185. dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga, pR. 202 . 186. "na tthaaniytitvaat| bIjAdiniyatireva hi udakAdiSu vartate, tanniyamAnurodhena hi teSAM sarveSAM niyatA prvRttiH|" -dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga, pR. 202-203 187. "puruSo vyagro'vyagra ityAdi niyatereva" -dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga, pR. 203 188. "sarvajJo'pi ca tAmevAkhilAmanAdimadhyAntAM svarUpeNAvipariNAmAM ___ vastuniyatimekAmanekarUpAM bandhamokSaprakriyAniyatisUkSmAM pazyan niyatereva bhvtiiti|" -dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga, pR. 204 189. "niyatestu sarvAtmakatvAt sarvAkAratA syAt sadA srvsy|" -dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga pR. 206 190. "yadi niyatikRtaivArthAnAM pravRttiH idaM pUrvamidaM pazcAdidamidAnImidaM yugapaditi na yujyate sarveSAM bIjAdau niyateH sannihitatvAt" niyatereveti, cet na aanrthkyaat| kimiha pUrvAdibhiH? evamAdivikalpavyavahAreSu kAla eva bhavatIti bhAvitaM sarvasaMgraheNaiva vaa| kramavyavahArasiddhyartha pUrvAdaya AzrayaNIyA eva niyaterevAsiddharvyavahArAsiddhiranyathA, pUrvAdiSu tu samAzriteSu niyatyA kiM kriyate?" -dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga, pR. 207-208 191. "tvanyAyena tu viduSAM hitAhitaprAptiparihArArthAvAcAropadezAvanarthako syAtA cakSurUpagrahaNaniyativat ayatnata eva tthaasiddheH| yatno'pi niyatita eveti cet,

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tataH zAstrArambhaprayojanAbhidhAnAnarthakyAllokAgamavi kriyAyAevaudanatRtyAdiphalaprasUteH prtykssvirodhH|" sarvalokazAstrArambhaprayojanAbhidhAnAnarthakyAllokAgamavisarvaloka 192. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 69 193. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 70, 71 194. "tabhinnabhedakatve ca tatra tasyA na kartRtA / niyativAda 333 - dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga, pR. 208 - 209 tatkartRtve ca citratvaM tadvattasyApyasaMgatam // " - zAstravArtA samuccaya, zloka 72 bhAvasyAnyathAbhAvAbhAvAt 195. "tasyA eva tathAbhUtaH svabhAvo yadi ceSyate / vyakto niyativAdaH syAtsvabhAvAzrayaNAnnanu || - zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 73 196. "atha tatsvabhAvastatparipAka eveti nAnyahetutvAbhyupagama iti cet ? na pripaake'pynyhetvaashrynnaavshyktvaat|" 199. sanmati tarka 3.53 kI abhayedava TIkA 200. sanmati tarka 3.53 kI abhayadeva TIkA 201. sanmati tarka 3.53 kI abhayadeva TIkA 202. sanmati tarka 3.53 kI abhayadeva TIkA 203. (ka) "zAstropadezavaiyarthyaprasakteH - zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 73 kI TIkA 197. 'uttaraparipAke pUrvaparipAka eva hetu:, AdyaparipAke cAntimAparipAka eva ityAdirItyA viziSya hetuhetumadbhAvAd na doSa' iti cet ? takadaikatra ghaTaniyatiparipAke'nyatrApi ghaTotpattiH, pratisaMtAnaM niyatibhedAbhyupagame ca niyatiparipAkayordravyaparyAyanAmAntaratva eva vivAdaH / ' - zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 73 kI TIkA zAstropadezavaiyarthyaprasaktiH 198. "kiMca evaM tadupadezamantareNA'pyartheSu niyatikRtatvabuddhe / " - zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 73 kI TIkA tadupadezamantareNApi bhAvAd dRSTAdRSTazAstrapratipAditazubhA niyatikRtatvabuddherniyatyaiva zubhakriyAphalaniyamAbhAvazca / " -sanmati tarka 3.53 kI abhayadeva TIkA artheSu

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334 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa (kha) uparyukta aMza 'upadeza pada mahAgrantha' prathama vibhAga, zloka 164 kI municandraviracita TIkA meM pR. 140 para 204. "atha tathaiva niyatiH kAraNamiti nAyaM doSaH, na, niyaterekasvabhAvatvAbhyupagame visNvaadaa'visNvaadaadibhedaabhaavprskteH|" - sanmati tarka 3.53 kI abhayadeva TIkA 205. sanmati tarka 3.53 kI abhayadeva TIkA 206. "niyaternityatve kArakatvAyogAt anityatve'pi tadayoga eva / kiMca niyateranityatve kAryatvam kArya ca kAraNAdutpattimaditi tadutpattau kAraNaM vAcyam / na ca niyatireva kAraNam tatrApi pUrvavat paryanuyogAnivRtteH / " -sanmati tarka, 3.53 kI abhayadeva TIkA 207. " na ca niyatirAtmAnamutpAdayituM samarthA svAtmani kriyAvirodhAt / na ca kAlAdikaM niyateH kAraNam tasya niSiddhatvAt / na ca ahetukA sA yuktA niyatarUpatA'nupapatteH / na ca svato'niyatA anyabhAvaniyatatvakAraNam zazazRMgAdestadrUpatAnupalambhAt / tanna niyatirapi pratiniyatabhAvotpattihetuH / " -sanmati tarka, 3.53 kI abhayadeva TIkA 208. "niyaterekarUpatvAbhyupagamAdakhilAnAmapi tannibandhanakAryANAmekarUpatA prApnoti / nahi kAraNabhedamantareNa kAryasya bhedo yujyate, nirhetukatvaprasaMgAt / atha kAryavicitratAnyathA'nupapattyA niyatirapi vicitrarUpA'bhyupagamyate / " - dharmasaMgrahaNi, zloka 566 para malayagiri TIkA na 209. " nanu tasyA api vicitratA na tadanyavicitrabhedakamantareNopapadyate, khalvihoSaretarAdidharAbhedamantareNa vihAyasaH patatAmambhasAmanekarUpatA bhavati / " - dharmasaMgrahaNi, zloka 566 para malayagiri TIkA 210. teSAM ca tadanyeSAM bhedakAnAM citratA kiM tata eva niyateH syAt tadanyato vA ? tatra yadi niyatestarhi tasyAH svata ekarUpatvAt kathaM tannibandhanA tadanyabhedakAnAM citrarUpatA? atha vicitratadanyabhedarUpakAryAnyathAnupapattyA tasyA api vicitrarUpatA'bhyupagamyate, nanu tarhi sA tasyA vicitrarUpatA na tadanyabhedakamantareNopapadyata ityAdi tadevAvarttata ityanavasthA / " - dharmasaMgrahaNi, zloka 566 para malayagiri TIkA 211. jaina tattvAdarza (pUrvArddha), zrI AtmAnanda jaina mahAsabhA paMjAba, haiDa oNphisa aMbAlA zahara, 1936, caturtha pariccheda, pR. 252-253

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niyativAda 335 212. jaina tattvAdarza (pUrvArddha), caturtha pariccheda, pRSTha 253 213. jaina tattvAdarza (pUrvArddha), caturtha pariccheda, pRSTha 253 214. jaina tattvAdarza (pUrvArddha), caturtha pariccheda, pRSTha 254 215. jaina tattvAdarza (pUrvArddha), caturtha pariccheda, pRSTha 255 216. jaina tattvAdarza (pUrvArddha), caturtha pariccheda, pRSTha 255, 256 217. jaina tattvAdarza (pUrvArddha), caturtha pariccheda, pRSTha 256 218. jaina tattvAdarza (pUrvArddha), caturtha pariccheda, pRSTha 256, 257 219. jaina tattvAdarza (pUrvArddha), caturtha pariccheda, pRSTha 257 220. jaina tattvAdarza (pUrvArddha), caturtha pariccheda, pRSTha 258 221. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga dvitIya pR. 613 222. mahApurANa 9.116, uddhRta jainendra siddhAnta koza dvitIya pR. 619 223. 'anAdimithyAdRSTe vyasya karmodayApAditakAluSye sati kutstdupshmH| kaallbdhyaadinimitttvaat| -sarvArthasiddhi, adhyAya 2, sUtra 3 ko TIkA 224. 'karmAviSTa AtmA bhavyaH kAle'rddhapudgalaparivartanAkhye'vaziSTe prathamasamyaktva grahaNasya yogyo bhavati nAdhike iti|' -sarvArthasiddhi 2.3 kI TIkA 225. 'aparA karmasthitikA kaallbdhiH| utkRSTasthitikeSu karmasu jaghanyasthitikeSu ca prathamasamyaktvalAbho na bhvti| kva tarhi bhvti| antaHkoTAkoTisAgaropamasthitikeSu karmasu bandhamApadyamAneSu vizuddhapariNAmavazAtkarmasu ca tataH saMkhyeyasAgaropamasahasronAyAmantaH koTAkoTIsAgaropamasthitau sthApiteSu prathamasamyaktvayogyo bhvti|' -sarvArthasiddhi 2.3 kI TIkA 226. 'aparA kaallbdhirbhvaapekssyaa| bhavyaH paMcendriyaH saMjJIparyAptakaH sarvavizuddhaH prthmsmyktvmutpaadyti|' -sarvArthasiddhi 2.3 kI TIkA 227. atItAnAdikAle'tra kshcitkaalaadilbdhitH|| 314 / / krnntrysNshaantsptprkRtisNcyH| prAptavicchinnasaMsAraH raagsNbhuutdrshnH||315|| -mahApurANa, 62/314-315 uddhata jainendra siddhAnta koza dvitIya pR. 615 228. tadgRhANAdya samyaktvaM tallAbhe kAla eSa te| kAlalabdhyA vinA nArya tdutpttirihaaNginaam|| -mahApurANa 9.115

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336 jainadarzana meM kAraNaga-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 229. 'bhavyasyApi bhavo'bhavad bhavagataH kAlAdilabdhervinA / ' -mahApurANa 47.386 230. 'dravyaM vajravRSabhanArAcalakSaNam, kSetraM paMcadazakarmabhUmilakSaNam, manuSyAdilakSaNaH, bhAvaH vizuddhapariNAmaH, labdhayaH, kSAyopazamanavizuddhidezanAprAyogyAdhaH - karaNApUrvakaraNAnivRttakaraNa- lakSaNAH tAmiryuktaH jIvaH mokSa saMsAravimuktilakSaNaM karmaNAM mocanaM mokSastaM karmakSayaM ca karoti vidadhAti / ' - svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 188 kI TIkA 231. pravacanasAra, gAthA 144 kI tAtparyavRtti TIkA 232. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 20 kI tAtparyavRtti TIkA 233. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 29 kI tAtparyavRtti TIkA 234. mithyAtvopacitAtsa eva samalaH kAlAdilabdhau / kvacit samyaktvavratadakSatAkaluSatAyogaiH kramAncyute / / 235. kArttikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 244 236. kAlAiladdhijuttA NANAsattIhi saMjudA atthA / pariNamamANA hi sayaM Na sakkade ko vi vAre || - kArttikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 219 237. pramANanayatattvAloka - 2.23 238. jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pRSTha 270 239. jaina, bauddha, gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 277 240. 'pariNamado khalu NANaM paccakkhA savvadavvapajjayA / so va te vijAdi uggahapuvvAhiM kiriyAhiM / / thi parokkhaM kiMci vi samaMta savvakkhaguNasamiddhassa / akkhAtIdassa sadA sayameva hi NANajAdassa / / - pravacanasAra, 1.21, 22 bhavaH - AtmAnuzAsana, gAthA 241 241. darzana aura cintana khaNDa 1 va 2, paM. sukhalAla jI sanmAna samiti, gujarAta vidyAsabhA, bhadra, ahamadAbAda - 1, I.saM. 1957, pRSTha 553 242. jaina bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pRSTha 279 243. vahI pR. 279 244. 'jIta abhinandana grantha' meM prakAzita lekha 'sarvajJa kI sarvajJatA' pR. 154, jayadhvaja prakAzana samiti, madrAsa /

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niyativAda 337 245. jaina bauddha gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pRSTha 280 246. kramabaddhaparyAya, pR. 67 247. kramabaddhaparyAya, pR. 69 248. karmavAda, pR. 116 249. karmavAda, pR. 117, 118 250. karmavAda, pR. 119. 120 251. (ka) sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.2.3 kI zIlAMka TIkA meM (kha) praznavyAkaraNa sUtra 1.2.7 kI abhayadeva vRtti meM (ga) zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 62 kI yazovijaya kI TIkA meM (gha) sanmati tarka 3.53 kI TIkA meM (Da) loka tattva nirNaya, pR. 25 para zloka 27 meM 252. aparavAda, niyativAda adhikaraNa, zloka 2 253. zvetAzvataropaniSad 1.2 254. zvetAzvataropaniSad 1.2 para zAMkarabhASya 255. harivaMza purANa 62.44 256. harivaMza purANa 43.68 257. nAradIya mahApurANa, pUrva khaNDa, adhyAya 37, zloka 47 258. rAmAyaNa, kiSkindhA kANDa, sarga 25, zloka 4 259. mahAbhArata zAMti parva, adhyAya 226, zloka 10 260. abhijJAna zAkuntala, 1.14 261. abhijJAna zAkuntala, 6.9 ke pUrva 262. rAjataraMgiNI, aSTama taraMga, zloka 2280 263. kAvyaprakAza, prathama ullAsa, zloka 1 264. suttapiTaka ke dIghanikAya ke prathama bhAga meM 265. yogavAsiSTha 2.62.9

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338 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 266. yogavAsiSTha 5.89.26 267. yogavAsiSTha 3.62.27 268. praznavyAkaraNa sUtra, zrutaskandha 1, adhyayana 2, sUtra 50 269. AcArAMga sUtra, adhyAya 1, uddezaka 1, sUtra 5 kI zIlAMka TIkA 270. zAstravArtA samuccaya 2.61 271. zAstravArtA samuccaya 2.63 272. svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 321 273. sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.2.3 kI zIlAMka TIkA

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paMcama adhyAya pUrvakRta karmavAda utthApanikA jIva ke pUrvakRta karma hI usake vartamAna phala ke prati kAraNa hote haiN| jIva ke samasta kAryoM ke prati pUrvakRta karma hI kAraNa hai, anya nahIM- yaha mAnyatA pUrvakRta karmavAda hai| aikAntika rUpa se karma ko kAraNa kahane vAle karmavAdI mAnate haiM ki jIva karma-phala ko parivartita karane meM samartha nahIM hote haiM tathA jaise karma karate haiM vaisA hI phala bhogate haiN| kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda evaM niyativAda ke samAna karmavAda bhI bhAratIya cintana meM racA-pacA rahA, kintu ekAnta pUrvakRta karma ko hI kAraNa mAnane vAle vAda ke svataMtra sampradAya evaM granthoM kA kahIM bhI koI ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai| ataH karmavAda kI carcA upalabdha bhAratIya vAGmaya ke pramukha granthoM evaM vizeSataH jaina granthoM ke AdhAra para prastuta kI jA rahI hai| karma ke svarUpa evaM usake phala kI carcA aneka granthoM meM prApta hotI hai| Izvara ko na mAnane vAle to karma kI mahattA aMgIkAra karate hI haiM kintu use mAnane vAle bhI karma kA mahattva svIkAra karate haiN| karma ko hI ekamAtra kAraNa mAnane vAle 'ekAnta pUrvakRta karmavAda' kI carcA jaina granthoM meM avazya prApta hotI hai, kintu anekAntavAdI jainAcAryoM ne usakI ekAnta kAraNatA kA nirasana kara anya kAraNoM ko bhI mahattva diyA hai| yahA~ para vaidika evaM avaidika vAGmaya meM prApta karma-siddhAnta kA sthUla AloDana karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| prAcIna vaidika sAhitya meM daiva, yajJa-dharma evaM Rta Adi kI kalpanA se hI karma-siddhAnta kA prAdurbhAva huaa| zvetAzvataropaniSad, chAndogyopaniSad, kaThopaniSad, bRhadAraNyakopaniSada, brahmabindUpaniSad Adi upaniSadoM meM karma ke sUkSma, gahana evaM sAragarbhita vivecana ke sAtha karmabaMdhana, mokSa, punarjanma Adi karmaviSayaka aneka tattvoM kI carcA hai| upaniSad kA yaha vAkya 'ya: phalakarmakartA kRtasya tasyaiva sa copabhoktA arthAt jo karmoM kA kartA hai vahI bhoktA hai- karmavAda ko nirUpita karatA hai| purANoM meM pUrvakRta karmavAda ke lie 'daiva' zabda kA prayoga prApta hotA hai| 'daiva' zabda ke aucitya ko nAradIya mahApurANa meM siddha karate hue kahA hai- 'daivaM tatpUrvajanmani saMcitAH krmvaasnaaH'|2

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340 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa karma-mImAMsA kA sAmAnya svarUpa AdimahAkAvya meM prastuta huA hai'yAdRzaM kurute karma tAdRzaM phalamaznute * jo jaisA karma karatA hai vaha vaisA hI phala bhogatA hai| 'sarve karmavazA vayam hama saba loga karmAdhIna haiM; mahAbhAratakAra kA yaha kathana karma ke ekAdhikAra ko vyakta karatA hai| vana parva meM karma ke svarUpa ko samajhAte hue muni mArkaNDeya kahate haiM ki manuSya IzvarakRta pUrva zarIra ke dvArA zubhAzubha karmoM ko saMcita kara dUsare janma meM usakA yathAsamaya phala prApta karatA hai| ina karmoM ke pariNAmoM ko vaha nivAraNa karane meM samartha nahIM hotaa| bhagavadgItA meM bhI karma baMdhana se lekara karma-mukti taka kI prakriyA kA varNana hai| saMskRta sAhitya meM 'daiva' aura 'bhAgya' zabda pUrvakRta karma ke paryAya ke rUpa meM prayukta hue haiN| zukranIti, svapnavAsavadatta, paMcatantra, hitopadeza, nItizataka grantha meM karmavAda kI carcA samupalabdha hai| jisa prakAra chAyA aura dhUpa Apasa meM sadA sambaddha rahate haiM isI taraha karma aura kartA eka dUsare se baMdhe rahate haiN| aisA mantavya paMcatantra meM dRSTigata hotA hai| karma kI mahattA kA pratipAdana nItizataka meM karate hue kahA hai ki karma kA prabhutva manuSya evaM devatAoM sabhI para calatA hai| karma hI pradhAna evaM zaktizAlI hai| yogavAsiSTha meM pUrvakRta karma kA nirUpaNa aura usakA nirasana bhI aMkita hai| bhAratIya darzanoM meM karma kI sarvatra mImAMsA kI gaI hai| nyAya, vaizeSika aura vedAnta darzana karmoM meM svataH phala dene kI kSamatA kA abhAva mAnakara Izvara ko phalapradAtA svIkAra karate haiM tathA sAMkhya, bauddha aura mImAMsA darzana kisI vaiyaktika Izvara kA astitva svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| jaina darzana phala dene kI zakti karma meM hI mAnatA hai| 'karma siddhAnta' ko nyAya darzana 'adRSTa' aura mImAMsA darzana 'apUrva ke rUpa meM apane granthoM meM sameTe hue hai| vaizeSika darzana meM 'karma' eka padArtha hai, na ki puruSakRta pUrvakarma kA dyotaka hai| sAMkhyadarzana meM 'karma' zabda to prApta nahIM hotA, kintu karma ke svarUpa kI abhivyakti avazya milatI hai| bauddha darzana meM saMskAra ke abhiprAya meM karma vyAkhyAyita huA hai| baMdhana aura karma-vipAka ke svarUpa meM 'karma' vedAnta aura yogadarzana meM sthApita huA hai| karmasiddhAnta rUpI kendra ke vistAra meM sampUrNa jaina darzana simaTA huA hai| yahA~ pratyeka AtmA kA pRthak astitva aura pRthak karma-saMyojana hai| isalie sabhI jIva apane-apane karmoM ke kartA evaM bhoktA haiM, ata: kahA hai- 'appA kattA vikattA ya, duhANa ya suhANa yA" isa darzana meM aSTavidha karmoM ke baMdhana evaM unase

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341 pUrvakRta karmavAda mukta hone kI prakriyA kA varNana hai| yaha prakriyA jIva ke eka janma meM pUrNa na hokara kaI janmoM meM pUrNa hotI hai, ataH punarjanma kI mAnyatA bhI karmasiddhAnta kA eka pakSa hai| pUrvakRta karma kA eka suvyavasthita evaM vistRta rUpa jaina darzana meM pratipAdita huA hai| yaha karma-mImAMsA jainAgamoM meM hI nahIM, dArzanika sAhitya meM bhI suspaSTa huI hai| karma - siddhAnta kA AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, praznavyAkaraNa aura vipAka sUtra meM saMkSipta tathA sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, bhagavatI, prajJApanA evaM uttarAdhyayana meM suvyavasthita va bahuvistRta vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| Agama ke atirikta kammapayaDi, paMcasaMgraha, karmavipAka, karmastava Adi mahattvapUrNa karma viSayaka grantha haiN| karma - sAhitya meM SaTkhaNDAgama, kasAyapAhuDasutta, gommaTasAra- karmakANDa Adi digambara granthoM kA bhI mahanIya sthAna hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM zaMkA-samAdhAna ke antargata karma - siddhAnta vistRta rUpa meM nirUpita huA hai / vahA~ gaNadharoM ke saMzaya ko dUra karate hue bhagavAna mahAvIra ne karma ko adRSTa, mUrta, pariNAmI, vicitra aura anAdikAla se jIva ke sAtha sambaddha batalAyA hai| jainAcAryoM ne karma - siddhAnta ko zubhAzubha karma ke vipAka kI vyavasthA ke lie Avazyaka smjhaa| IzvaravAda, kUTastha AtmavAda, kSaNikavAda Adi ko jaina dArzanika svIkAra nahIM karate, ataH unhoMne karmasiddhAnta ko vyApaka dharAtala para sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA, jise isa adhyAya meM samAsa meM agrAMkita binduoM ke antargata spaSTa kiyA jAegA- karma kA artha evaM svarUpa, karmabaMdha : cAra prakAra, karma kI vibhinna avasthAe~, aSTavidha karma aura bheda, karmabaMdha ke kAraNa, karma - vipAka, anya tathya, karmaphala saMvibhAga, punarjanma, karma - sAhitya Adi / jainadarzana anekAntavAdI hai, ataH karmasiddhAnta kA prarUpaka darzana hone ke bAvajUda bhI ekAnta karmavAda kA yahA~ khaNDana prApta hotA hai | sanmatitarka aura usakI TIkA, dvAdazAranayacakra tathA zAstravArtA samuccaya meM ekAnta karmavAda ko asamyak batAyA hai| yaha karmavAda kA siddhAnta mAtra jIva jagat para hI lAgU hotA hai, ajIva para nhiiN| jabaki kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda aura niyativAda ajIva para bhI samAna rUpa se ghaTita hote haiN| ataH jIvoM meM sampAdita hone vAle kAryoM ke prati hI karma kAraNa hai| vedoM meM karma-saMdarbha vaidika saMhitA granthoM meM 'karmavAda', 'karmagati' Adi zabda prApta nahIM hote haiM kintu vaidika saMhitAoM meM karmavAda kI dhAraNA avazya prApta hotI hai| vaidika saMhitAoM

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342 jainadarzana meM kAraNa- kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa meM zubha-azubha karmoM ko vyakta karane vAle aneka zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| 'zubhaspatiH' (acche karmoM ke rakSaka), dhiyaspatiH (acche karmoM ke rakSaka), 'vicarSaNiH', 'vizvacarSaNi:' ( zubha aura azubha karmoM ke draSTA ), 'vizvasya karmaNo dhartA' (sabhI karmoM ke AdhAra) Adi padoM kA devatA ke vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM prayoga milatA hai| ina zabdoM ke prayoga se zubhAzubha karmoM kA mahattva prakaTa hotA hai / yajJAdi karmoM kA vedoM meM vizeSatayA yajurveda meM aneka prakAra se vidhAna hai| veda meM ullekha milatA hai ki svarga Adi sAdhaka yajJoM kI samApti hote hI unakA phala nahIM milatA hai, kintu marane ke bAda hI yajamAna dUsarA zarIra dhAraNa kara pUrvajanma meM kie gae karmoM kA bhoga karatA hai| kaI maMtroM meM yaha spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki zubha karmoM ke karane se amaratva kI prApti hotI hai| jIva aneka bAra isa saMsAra meM apane karmoM ke anusAra utpanna hotA hai aura maraNa ko prApta hotA hai| " ataH spaSTa hai ki veda meM bhI karma kA phala mAnya hai aura eka janma meM jo karma kiyA jAtA hai usakA phala dUsare janma meM avazya milatA hai tathA sAdhAraNatayA karma karane vAle jIva ko hI apane kie hue usa karma ke phala kA bhoga karanA par3atA hai| Rgveda ke mantroM meM pUrvakRta karma kA pratipAdana pratyakSataH to prAptavya nahIM hai, kintu usa para maharSi dayAnanda sarasvatI kA vivecana samupalabdha hai, jisameM karmavAda kI vyAkhyA milatI hai na sa svo dakSo varuNa zrutiH sA surA manyurvibhIdako acittiH / asti jyAyAkanIyasa upare svapnazca nedanRtasya prayotA / / " 11 he paramAtman (varuNa) ! sva kA svabhAva, dhruti yAnI manda karma, krodha, dyUtAdi vyasana (vibhIdakaH ) tathA ajJAna (acittiH) ye sabhI pApapravRtti meM kAraNa haiN| jIva ke hRdaya meM antaryAmI puruSa bhI hai jo zubhakarmI ko zubhakarmoM kI ora tathA azubhakarmI (mandakarmI) ko azubha karmoM kI ora pravAhita karatA hai| svapna kA kiyA huA karma bhI anRta kI ora le jAne vAlA hotA hai| dayAnanda sarasvatI isa mantra kI vyAkhyA meM kahate haiM ki svabhAva, manda karma, ajJAna, krodha, Izvara kA niyamana - ye pA~ca jIva kI sadgati yA durgati meM kAraNa hote haiN| yahA~ yaha zaMkA hotI hai ki aisA karane se Izvara meM vaiSamya tathA ghRNA rUpa doSa Ate haiM arthAt Izvara hI apanI icchA se kisI ko nIcA aura kisI ko U~cA banAtA hai| isakA uttara yaha hai ki Izvara pUrvakRta karmoM dvArA phalapradAtA hai aura usa phala se svayaMsiddha U~ca-nIcapana A jAtA hai| jaise kisI puruSa ko yahA~ nIca karma karane kA

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 343 daNDa milA, utane kAla meM jo vaha svakarma karane se vaMcita rahA, isase vaha dUsaroM se pIche raha gyaa| isa bhAva se Izvara jIva kI unnati tathA avanati kA hetu hai| ata: vAstava meM to jIva ke svakRta karma hI usakI unnati tathA avanati meM kAraNa hote haiM, isI bhAva se jIva ko karma karane meM svatantra aura bhogane meM paratantra mAnA gayA hai| karmAnusAra phala dene se Izvara meM koI doSa nahIM aataa| ____ pApa karma ke saMbaMdha meM eka maMtra isa prakAra hai- 'mA vo bhujemAnyajAtameno mA tatkarma vasavo yaccayadhve ra arthAt he nivAsa karane vAloM! jo anya ke dvArA utpanna pApa karma hai, vaha karma tuma mata ikaTThA kro| _ 'yasminvRkSe madhvadaH suparNA nivizante suvate cAdhi vizve 3 vRkSa rUpa isa jagat meM madhura karmaphaloM ko khAne vAle uttama karmayukta jIva sthira hote haiM aura santAnoM ko utpanna karate haiN| arthAt saMsAra meM jIvoM ne jaisA karma kiyA vaisA hI avazya Izvara ke nyAya se bhogya hai| uparyukta prakaraNoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki karmavAda vaidika kAla meM pratiSThita thA tathA vedoM meM aneka aise sUkta haiM jinase karmavAda kI avadhAraNA kA sAmAnya paricaya prApta hotA hai| puNya-pApa athavA zubha-azubha, svarga-naraka, mukti, paraloka evaM punarjanma Adi aneka aise tattva haiM jinako karmasiddhAnta se alaga rakhakara ThIka evaM sahI DhaMga se paribhASita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yaha satya hai ki isa kAla meM 'karmavAda' kA utanA vistRta evaM suvyavasthita dArzanika citraNa nahIM huA hai jitanA paravartI kAla meN| phira bhI ina sAragarbhita vivaraNoM se karmavAda ke mUla svarUpa kA spaSTIkaraNa to hotA hI hai| vedoM meM varNita maMtroM ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki karmasiddhAnta kA prArambhika sUtrapAta yahIM se prArambha huaa| upaniSadoM meM karma-carcA prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya meM upaniSadoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| inameM kisI bhI siddhAnta ko tArkika evaM dArzanika zailI meM abhivyakta karane kA hara saMbhava prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| karmavAda para bhI dArzanika dRSTi se cintana upaniSadoM meM samprApta hotA hai| kenopaniSad, praznopaniSad, muNDakopaniSad, mANDUkyopaniSad, taittirIyopaniSad, aitareyopaniSad, chAndogyopaniSad, bRhadAraNyakopaniSad aura zvetAzvataropaniSad meM karma se sambaddha kaI tathya nirUpita haiN| muNDakopaniSad meM 'vidvAnpuNyapApe vidhUya niraMjanaH paramaM sAmyamupaiti 4 vAkya ke antargata puNya aura pApa zabda zubha evaM azubha karmoM ke dyotaka hai|

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344 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa bRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM kahA gayA hai 'puNyo vai puNyena karmaNA bhavati pApaH pApeneti 5 puNya karma se jIva puNya vAlA aura pApa se pApa karane vAlA hotA hai| vahA~ hI kahA hai- 'kAmamaya evAyaM puruSa iMti sa yathAkAmo bhavati ttkturbhvti| yatkraturbhavati tatkarma kurute yatkarma kurute tadabhisaMpadyate' arthAt manuSya kAmamaya hI hotA hai, jaisI usakI icchA hotI hai vaisA hI usakA vicAra banatA hai yA usI anurUpa vaha cintana karatA hai| vicAra yA cintana ke anurUpa hI vaha karma karatA hai, aura jaisA karma karatA hai vaisA hI phala prApta karatA hai| chAndogyopaniSad meM zubha-azubha karma kI phala prApti deza-kAla ke nimitta se batAI gaI hai- 'kRtasya karmaNaH zubhAzubhasya phlpraapterdeshkaalnimittaapeksstvaat| 6 karma viSayaka anya vAkya bhI upaniSad vAGmaya meM prApta hote haiM, yathA1. 'karmaNA pitRloko vidyayA devalokaH' -bRhadAraNyakopaniSad 1.5.16 karma se pitRloka ko tathA vidyA se devaloka ko prApta karatA hai| 2. 'trikarmakRttarati janmamRtyU'-kaThopaniSad 1.17 tIna karmoM ko karane vAlA janma evaM mRtyu ko pAra kara letA hai| 3. 'ye karmaNA devAnapiyanti'-taittirIyopaniSad, brahmAnandavallI 8 jo karma se devoM ko bhI prApta karate haiN| 4. 'so'syAyamAtmA puNyebhyaH karmabhyaH'-aitareyopaniSad 2.1.4 yaha AtmA puNya karmoM se hai| 5. 'tattvajJAnodayAdUrdhva prArabdhaM naiva vidyte|' 'karma janmAntarIyaM yatprArabdhamiti kiirtitm|'-naadbinduupnissd 22, 23 tattvajJAna hone ke pazcAt prArabdha nahIM rhtaa| janmAntara kA karma prArabdha kahalAtA hai| 6. 'varNAzramAcArayutA vimUDhAH karmAnusAreNa phalaM labhante' -maitreTayupaniSad 1.13 varNAzrama ke AcAra se vimUDha manuSya karma ke anusAra phala ko prApta karate haiN| 7. 'karmakaraH karSakavatphalamanubhavati' 'zubhAzubhAtiriktaH zubhAzubhairapi karmabhirna lipyte|'- parabrahmopaniSad karma karane vAlA vyakti karSaka ke samAna phala prApta karatA hai|

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 345 zubha evaM azubha karmoM se apane ko pRthak samajhane vAlA zubha-azubha karmoM se lipta nahIM hotaa| 8. 'sarveSAM prANinAM prArabdhasaMcitAgAmikarmasAdharmyadarzanAtkarmAbhipreritAH santo janAH kriyA: kurvantIti'-vajrasUcikopaniSad sabhI prANiyoM ke prArabdha saMcita aura AgAmI karma meM samAnatA dekhane se aisA bodha hotA hai| karma se prerita hokara loga kriyAe~ karate haiN| 9. 'karmaNA badhyate janturvidyAyA ca vimucyate'-saMnyAsopaniSad 2.98 jIva yA prANI karma se baMdha ko prApta hotA hai tathA vidyA se vimukha hotA hai|27 upaniSadoM meM karma ke sUkSma, gahana evaM sAragarbhita vivecana ke sAtha karmabaMdhana, mokSa, punarjanma Adi karma viSayaka aneka tattvoM kI carcA hai| upaniSadoM meM karmabaMdha viSayaka isa vicAra kA ullekha milatA hai ki zubhakarmoM se zubha tathA azubha karmoM se azubha karmoM kA baMdha hotA hai| upaniSadoM ke anusAra avidyA baMdhana kA kAraNa hai aura vidyA se mokSa prApta hotA hai| upaniSadoM meM jIva ke mAnasika vyApAra ko hI karmabaMdhana kA prabala kAraNa mAnA gayA hai- "mana evaM manuSyANAM kAraNaM baMdhamokSayoH / gItA meM bhI arjuna ne kRSNa ko kahA- 'caMcalaM hi manaH kRSNa: 19 - sabhI upaniSadoM se mukhya rUpa se yahI zikSA milatI hai ki AtmajJAna se brahma kA sAkSAtkAra karane para jIva karmabaMdhana se mukta hokara paramasukha aura zAMti prApta kara sakatA hai| yathA1. 'jJAtvA devaM sarvapAzApahAniH kSINaiH klezairjanmamRtyuprahANi: 20 arthAt prakAzamaya paramAtmA ko jAna lene para samasta baMdhanoM kA nAza ho jAtA hai, kyoMki klezoM kA nAza ho jAne ke kAraNa janma-mRtyu kA sarvathA abhAva ho jAtA hai| 'tasyAbhidhyAnAdyojanAttattvabhAvAdbhUyazcAnte vizvamAyAnivRttiH 21 arthAt usa Izvara kA nirantara dhyAna karane se aura mana kI tanmayatA se anta meM samasta mAyA kI nivRtti ho jAtI hai| kaThopaniSad, bRhadAraNyakopaniSad aura chAndogyopaniSad meM punarjanma siddhAnta kA vistRta vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| kaThopaniSad meM naciketA apane pitA se kahatA hai- "sasyamiva martyaH pacyate sasyamivAjAyate puna: 22 maraNadharmA manuSya anAja

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346 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa kI taraha pakatA hai arthAt jarAjIrNa hokara mara jAtA hai tathA anAja kI bhA~ti punaH utpanna ho jAtA hai| bRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM eka dRSTAnta AtA hai ki jisa prakAra joMka eka tRNa ke anta meM pahu~cakara dUsare tRNarUpa Azraya ko pakar3akara apane ko sikor3a letI hai; usI prakAra yaha AtmA isa zarIra ko chor3akara avidyA ko prApta kara dUsare AdhAra kA Azraya le apanA upasaMhAra kara letI hai| jaise sunAra suvarNa kA bhAga lekara dUsare navIna aura kalyANatara (adhika sundara) rUpa kI racanA karatA hai, usI prakAra yaha AtmA isa zarIra ko naSTakara anya pitrya, gAndharva, deva, prAjApatya, brAhma athavA bhUtoM ke navIna aura sundara rUpa kI racanA karatA hai / 23 chAndogyopaniSad meM to janma-maraNa ke isa saMsaraNa ko spaSTa rUpa se heya kahA hai- 'kSudrANyasakRdAvatIni bhUtAni bhavanti jAyasva priyasvetyetattRtIya sthAnaM tenAsau loko na saMpUryate tasmAjjugupseta tadeSa zlokaH 4 arthAt zUdra yA pApI bAraMbAra Ane-jAne vAle prANI hote haiN| 'utpanna hoo aura maro' yahI unakA tRtIya sthAna hotA hai| isI kAraNa yaha paraloka nahIM bharatA / ataH isa saMsAra gati se ghRNA karanI caahie| 25 zvetAzvataropaniSad meM karma ko cetana se anya yAnI jar3a mAnA hai| karmAnusAra jIvAtmA anukrama se zarIra ko prApta karatA hai| yaha jIvAtmA svayaM ke karmoM kA kartA evaM bhoktA hai tathA apane karmoM se prerita hokara nAnA yoniyo meM vicaratA hai| 26 karma kI jar3atA aura jIva kI cetanatA ko samajhane ke pazcAt jIva sAdhaka banakara sattvAdi guNoM se vyApta karmoM ko Arambha karake samasta bhAvoM ko paramAtmA ke prati samarpaNa kara detA hai| isa samarpaNa se una karmoM kA abhAva ho jAne para pUrvasaMcita karma samudAya kA bhI sarvathA nAza ho jAtA hai| karmoM kA nAza ho jAne para vaha sAdhaka paramAtma rUpa ko prApta ho jAtA hai / 27 uparyukta vivaraNoM se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki karmavAda para upaniSadoM meM vedoM kI tulanA meM kucha adhika gaharAI se vicAra huA hai| yaha sarvavidita hai ki jAgatika vaiSamya ke kAraNa - saMbaMdhI khoja meM hI mukhya rUpa se karmavAda kI sthApanA huii| jahA~ pUrvayugIna vaidika RSiyoM ne jagat vaicitrya evaM vaiyaktika vibhinnatAoM kA kAraNa kinhIM bAhya tattvoM ko mAnakara saMtoSa kara liyA, vahA~ aupaniSadika RSiyoM ne ina mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA ke dvArA Antarika kAraNa khojane kA prayAsa kiyaa| aupaniSadika cintana meM kAraNa kI yathArtha vyAkhyA to nahIM huI phira bhI itanA to kahA hI jA sakatA hai ki jAgatika vaividhya ke kAraNa saMbaMdhI khoja meM loga prayatnazIla ho gae the| isa prakAra karmavAda ke vizleSaNa meM aupaniSadika yogadAna ko nakArA nahIM jA sktaa|

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 347 purANoM meM karma-pratiSThA zrIviSNu mahApurANa meM 'bhAgya' kI mahattA kA pratipAdana karate hue kahA hai 'sarva eva mahAbhAga mahattvaM prati sodymaaH| tathApi puMsAM bhAgyAni noyamA bhuutihetvH||28 he mahAbhAga! mahattva prApti ke lie sabhI yatna karate haiM tathApi vaibhava kA kAraNa to manuSya kA bhAgya hI hai, udyama nhiiN| isalie jise mahAn vaibhava kI icchA ho use kevala puNyasaMcaya kA hI yatna karanA cAhie; aura jise mokSa kI icchA ho use bhI samatvalAbha kA hI prayatna karanA caahie|29 isa kathana se 'pUrvakRta karma' ko hI bhAgya ke rUpa meM svIkArA hai, aisA jJAta hotA hai| karma aura vidyA ke do bheda batAte hue kahA hai 'tatkarma yanna bandhAya sA vidyA yA vimuktye| AyAsAyAparaM karma vidyAnyA shilpnaipunnm||* karma vahI hai jo baMdhana kA kAraNa na ho aura vidyA bhI vahI hai jo mukti kI sAdhikA ho| isake atirikta anya karma to parizrama rUpa tathA anya vidyAe~ kalAkauzalamAtra hI haiM arthAt karma do prakAra ke haiM- 1. ve karma jo baMdhana ke hetu nhiiN| 2. ve karma jo baMdhana ke hetu haiN| mArkaNDeya purANa meM bhI daiva kI divyatA pratipAdita huI hai| pUrvakAla meM muni sukRSa dvArA apane putroM ke avinaya kie jAne para zApa diyA gayA ki ve saba tiryagyoni meM utpanna hoN| apanI truTi para pazcAttApa karate hue putroM (ziSyoM) ne unase jaba kSamAyAcanA kI aura kahA ki Apa hameM zApa mukta kiijie| taba RSi kahate haiM daivamAnaM paraM manye dhikyaurunnmnrthkm| akArya kArito yena blaadhmcintitm|| nAstyasAviha saMsAre yo na diSTena baadhyte| sarveSAmeva jantUnAM daivAdhInaM hi cessttitm||32 arthAt vRthA pauruSa ko dhikkAra hai, maiM vicAratA hU~ daiva (niyati) hI isa viSaya meM balI hai, daiva ne hI mujhako isa prakAra ke acintita akArya meM pravRtta kiyA

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348 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa hai| isa saMsAra meM aisA koI nahIM hai jo prArabdha ke vaza meM hokara na rahatA ho, prANiyoM kI saba ceSTAe~ daivAdhIna haiN| matsyapurANa meM daiva ko isa prakAra paribhASita kiyA gayA hai- 'svameva karma daivAkhyaM viddhi dehAntarArjitam 33 arthAt daiva nAmaka karma svayaM ke dvArA kiyA huA aisA karma hai jo dUsare (pUrvajanma) deha ke dvArA arjita hai| isa saMsAra meM bahata sI bAteM aisI haiM jo bhAgyAdhIna hotI haiM, jisameM puruSa kA prayatna nirarthaka rahatA hai| jaise- saMsAra meM jIva ko prApta hone vAlA sukha aura duHkh| ata: bhAgya ko hI prabala mAnakara na to duHkha pAne para saMtapta honA cAhie aura na sukha pAne para hrssit|34 nAradIya mahApurANa meM 'daiva' zabda kA bahuzaH prayoga huA hai| yathA daivAtso'pi gato lokaM yamasyAtra vihAya maam| kAntAre vijane caikA bhramantI duHkhpiidditaaH|| daivAttvatsavidhaM prAptA jIvitAhaM tvyaadhunaa| ityevaM svakRtaM karma mahyaM sarva nyvedyt||5 daiva arthAt bhAgya se vaha bhI yamaloka calA gayA aura daiva se hI nirjana vana meM duHkha se pIr3ita ghUmatI huI maiM tumhAre pAsa pahuMca gii| tumhAre dvArA mujhe jIvana dAna diyA gayA hai, isIse mujhe svakRta karma ne saba kucha nivedana kara diyA hai| arthAt apane dvArA kie gae pUrvakRta karmoM ke kAraNa hI jIva ko vibhinna avasthAe~ bhoganI hotI haiN| uparyukta zlokoM se spaSTa hai ki jIvana meM vibhinna ghaTanAe~ daiva se ghaTita hotI haiN| daiva kA lakSaNa karate hue kahA hai- 'daivaM tatpUrvajanmani saMcitAH karmavAsanA: 6 arthAt pUrva janmoM meM saMcita karmavAsanAe~ hI daiva hai| AdikAvya rAmAyaNa meM karma-carcA karmavAda kA gahana vizleSaNa mahAkAvyoM kA pratipAdya viSaya nahIM hai, phira bhI prasaMgAnusAra isakI carcA inameM vibhinna sthaloM para dRSTigata hotI hai jinase isa kAla meM karmavAda kI sthApanA evaM usake vividha pakSoM ke sAmAnya svarUpa aura unake vikAsa kA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| Adi mahAkAvya rAmAyaNa meM karmavAda kA sAmAnya svarUpa nimna zabdoM meM prastuta huA hai

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 349 'yAdRzaM kurute karma tAdRzaM phalamaznute 27 'yadAcarati kalyANi zubhaM vA yadi vaashubhm| tadeva labhate bhadre kartA krmjmaatmnH|| 8 arthAt jo jaisA karma karatA hai vaha vaisA hI phala bhogatA hai| yadi manuSya zubha karma karatA hai to sukha ko aura azubha karma karatA hai to duHkha ko prApta karatA hai| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki jIva svayaM ke karmoM kA kartA aura bhoktA hai| rAjadhana aura sukha prApti rUpI kArya dharmAcaraNa rUpI kAraNa se prApta hotA hai aura duHkha bhoga rUpI kArya adharma yA pApasevana se hotA hai| isalie jo sukha cAhatA hai use dharmAcaraNa karanA cAhie tathA pApa kA sarvathA tyAga kara denA caahie| ata: kahA hai dharmAda rAjyaM dhanaM saukhyAmadharmAd duHkhameva c| tasmAd dharma sukhArthAya kuryAt pApaM visrjyet||9 uparyukta zloka se karma aura karmaphala ke madhya kAraNa-kArya saMbaMdha spaSTa hotA hai| ataH jo vyakti kriyamANa karma ke phala kA vicAra na karake kevala karma kI ora hI daur3atA hai; vaha phala milane ke samaya usI taraha zoka karatA hai jisa taraha koI Ama-vRkSa kATakara palAza ko sIMcane vAlA zoka karatA hai| ___ rAmAyaNa meM punarjanma para aTUTa AsthA vyakta huI hai| ayodhyAkANDa meM sItA rAma se kahatI haiM ki Apake sAtha vana anugamana se paraloka meM bhI merA kalyANa hogA aura janma-janmAntara taka Apake sAtha merA saMyoga banA rhegaa| kyoMki isa loka meM pitA Adi ke dvArA jo kanyA jisa puruSa ko apane dharma ke anusAra jala se saMkalpa karake de dI jAtI hai, vaha marane ke bAda paraloka meM bhI usI kI strI hotI hai| yaha vivaraNa karma-punarjanma meM aTUTa vizvAsa kA jvalanta pramANa mAnA jA sakatA hai| pUrvajanma ke karmoM kA bhAvI prabhAva rAma-vanagamana ke prasaMga para dRggocara hotA hai 'manye khalu mayA pUrva vivatsA bahavaH kRtaaH| prANino hiMsitA vApi tnmaamidmupsthitm|| 12 rAmavanagamana ke samaya rAjA dazaratha vilApa karate hue kahate haiM ki lagatA hai maiMne pUrvajanma meM avazya hI bahuta sI gAyoM kA unake bachar3oM se viyoga karAyA hai

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350 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa athavA aneka prANiyoM kI hiMsA kI hai isI kAraNa Aja isa janma meM mere sAtha yaha putra vichoha rUpa saMkaTa AyA hai| mahArAja dazaratha ke ye bhAva spaSTa karate haiM ki pUrvajanma meM jisa prakAra kA karma bAMdhA jAtA hai, use usa rUpa meM hI bhogA jAtA hai| kaikayI ke hRdayavidAraka vacanoM ko sunane ke bAda una bAtoM ke zravaNa karane kA kAraNa khojate hue kahate haiM- 'duHkhamevaMvidhaM prAptaM purAkRtamivAzubham 2 yaha duHkha mujhe pUrvakRta azubha karmoM ke kAraNa hI mila rahA hai| bhAradvAja RSi dvArA ucita Atithya grahaNa karane ko bhI rAma apane dvArA pUrvajanma meM kie gae mahAn puNya karmoM kA phala mAnate haiN|" maraNAsanna bAlI bhI sugrIva ke prati apane dvArA kie gae vaira ko pUrvajanmoM meM kiye gae pApa karmoM kA phala mAnatA hai| rAmAyaNakAla meM yaha dhAraNA vikasita ho gayI thI ki pUrvajanma ke karmoM ke AdhAra para hI vyakti ke vartamAna evaM bhAvI jIvana kI dizA nirdhArita hotI hai| apane pUrvajanma ke kiye gae karmoM ke anurUpa manuSya vartamAna evaM bhaviSya ke phala prApta karatA hai| mahAbhArata meM karma-vicAra mahAbhArata meM bhI karma aura karmaphala kA vistRta vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| mahAbhArata meM dharmAnukUla AcaraNa ko 'puNya aura usase pratikUla AcaraNa ko 'pApa' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| puNya karma karane se manuSya kI unnati hotI hai tathA pApa karma karane se adhogati hotI hai| pratyeka prANI apane kie hue kamoM kA hI phala pAtA hai| jIva ke vartamAna jIvana ke kamoM se hI usake bhaviSya kA jIvana nirdhArita hotA hai| isa prakAra prANI apane lie anukUla athavA pratikUla paristhiti utpanna karane meM svayaM uttaradAyI zAnti parva meM karma aura bhoga ke niyamAnusAra AtmA ko ananta bhavacakra meM eka zarIra se dUsare zarIra meM ghUmane vAlA kahA gayA hai| vahA~ ullekha hai ki sUta kA eka dhAgA jisa prakAra bhinna-bhinna manakoM meM jAtA hai, usI prakAra apane karmoM ke vazIbhUta hokara AtmA manuSya, pazu, pakSI Adi yoniyoM meM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| ina nAnA yoniyoM meM yaha manuSya jisa-jisa zarIra se jo-jo karma karatA hai; usa-usa zarIra se usI-usI karma kA phala bhogatA hai| isIlie use pUrvakRta karmoM ke anurUpa zubhAzubha phala prApta hote haiM kyoMki zubha aura azubha phala karmajanya haiN| manuSya kI mRtyu bhI svakRta karmoM ke phalasvarUpa hotI hai| koI dUsarA isake vinAza kA kAraNa nahIM hai- isa prakAra zokAkula yudhiSThira ko sAntvanA dete hue

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351 pUrvakRta karmavAda bhISma ne gautamI, brAhmaNI, vyAdha, sarpa, mRtyu aura kAla kA saMvAda rUpa aitihAsika udAharaNa diyA, jisake antargata kahA gayA yadanena kRtaM karma tenAyaM nidhanaM gataH / 49 vinAzahetuH karmAsya sarve karmavazA vym|| hai| arthAt jIva apane karma se hI maratA hai| karma hI usake vinAza kA kAraNa hama saba loga karmAdhIna haiN| samAdhAna O mahAbhArata meM yudhiSThira mArkaNDeya muni se prazna karate haiM 1. zubha aura azubha karma karane vAlA jo puruSa hai, vaha apane una karmoM kA phala kaise bhogatA hai? 2. sukha aura duHkha kI prApti karAne vAle karmoM meM manuSyoM kI pravRtti kaise hotI hai? 3. manuSya kA kiyA karma isa loka meM hI usakA anusaraNa karatA hai athavA pAralaukika zarIra meM bhI? 4. dehadhArI jIva apane zarIra kA tyAga karake jaba paraloka meM calA jAtA hai, taba use zubha aura azubha karma usako kaise prApta karate haiM? 5. ihaloka va paraloka meM jIva kA una karmoM ke phala se kisa prakAra saMyoga hotA hai? karma ke svarUpa ko samajhAte hue muni mArkaNDeya samAdhAna dete haiM'jantoH pretasya kaunteya gatiH svairiha karmabhiH " arthAt saMsAra meM mRtyu ke pazcAt jIva kI gati unake apane-apane karmoM ke anusAra hI hotI hai| manuSya Izvara ke race hue pUrva zarIra ke dvArA zubha aura azubha karmoM kI bahuta bar3I rAzi saMcita kara letA hai / phira Ayu pUrI hone para vaha isa jarA-jarjara sthUla zarIra kA tyAga karake usI kSaNa kisI dUsarI yoni (zarIra) meM prakaTa hotA hai| eka zarIra ko chor3ane aura dUsare ko grahaNa karane ke bIca meM kSaNabhara ke lie bhI vaha asaMsArI nahIM hotaa| dUsare sthUla zarIra meM pUrvajanma kA kiyA huA karma chAyA kI bhA~ti sadA usake pIche lagA rahatA hai aura yathAsamaya apanA phala detA hai| 12

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352 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa saMsAra meM karma hI manuSyoM kA putra-pautra ke samAna anugamana karane vAlA hai| karma hI duHkha-sukha ke saMbaMdha kA sUcaka hai| isa jagat meM karma hI paraspara eka dUsare ko prerita karate haiN| hama bhI karmoM se hI prerita hue haiN| jaise kumhAra miTTI ke lauMde se jo-jo bartana cAhatA hai, vahI banA letA hai; usI prakAra manuSya apane kiye hue karma ke anusAra hI saba kucha pAtA hai| nitya-nirantara eka-dUsare se mile hue dhUpa aura chAyA ke samAna karma aura kartA donoM eka-dUsare se saMbaddha hote haiN|53 karmaphala ke saMbaMdha meM mahAbhArata meM kahA gayA hai ki pUrvajanmoM ke zubhakAryoM ke phalasvarUpa manuSya ko devaloka milatA hai| zubha evaM azubha karmoM ke mizraNa se manuSya janma aura kevala azubha karmoM ke udaya se adhogati kI prApti hotI hai, jinameM vividha prakAra ke duHkhoM ko sahanA par3atA hai|54 mahAbhArata meM karmaphala kI carcA meM pUrvajanma evaM punarjanma kI mAnyatA ko bhI pUrNarUpeNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai tathA kahA gayA hai ki pUrvajanma evaM punarjanma karma siddhAnta kI do aisI mAnyatAe~ haiM jinako svIkAra kie binA karmaphala kI yathocita vyAkhyA asaMbhava hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mahAbhArata meM adRSTavAda evaM janmAntaravAda ke saMbaMdha meM koI saMzaya dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| AzAvataraNa adhyAya meM kauravoM evaM pANDavoM ke pUrvajanma kA sampUrNa vRttAnta diyA gayA hai|5 mokSa bhI karmavAda kA abhISTa aMga hai| mahAbhArata meM isa para bhI gaharAI se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| mokSa kA artha mahAbhAratakAra ke anusAra anirvacanIya Ananda kI sthiti hai| AtmA kA paramAtmA se tAdAtmya honA hI parama sukha hai| ___mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva meM bhinna-bhinna prakaraNoM meM mokSa kI prApti ke lie bhinna-bhinna mArgoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| rAjadharma prakaraNa meM rAjA ke dvArA kAma, krodha Adi se rahita hokara ucita rUpa meM prajA kA pAlana, dAna tathA nigraha Adi apane kartavyoM ko pUrNa karane para mokSa pada prApta karane kI carcA kI gayI hai|56 mokSadharma prakaraNa meM kAma, krodha Adi doSoM kA tyAga, indriya, saMyama tathA niSkAma yoga Adi kA AcaraNa mokSa prApti ke lie Avazyaka mArga kahA gayA hai| bhagavadgItA meM karma kI avadhAraNA ___gItA hindU paramparA kA eka bahumAnya evaM bahucarcita grantha hai| isameM lagabhaga sabhI mahattvapUrNa siddhAntoM ko dRSTigata kiyA gayA hai| isakI karmasiddhAnta kI vyAkhyA vibhinna dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa hai| yadyapi isameM karmasiddhAnta kI kinhIM navIna mAnyatAoM kI sthApanA nahIM hai, pratyuta isameM karmasaMbaMdhI mAnyatAoM ko sahaja DhaMga se vivecita evaM vizleSita karane kA bharapUra prayatna kiyA gayA hai|

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 353 gItA meM karma kA abhiprAya aise kAryoM se hai jinakA zubhAzubha phala manuSyoM ko janma-janmAntara meM bhoganA par3atA hai| varNAzrama ke anusAra kiye jAne vAle smArta kAryoM ko bhI gItA meM karma kahA gayA hai| tilaka ke anusAra gItA meM karma zabda kevala yajJa, yAga evaM smArta karma ke hI saMkucita artha meM prayukta nahIM huA hai| manuSya jo kucha bhI karatA hai yA jo kucha bhI nahIM karane kA mAnasika saMkalpa yA Agraha rakhatA hai, ve sabhI kAyika yA mAnasika pravRttiyA~ bhagavad gItA ke anusAra karma hI hai| isa prakAra pUrvavartI sAhitya kI tulanA meM gItA meM karma zabda kA prayoga vyApaka artha meM huA hai| 'karma' zabda kA bahuzaH prayoga isa grantha meM prApta hotA hai| rAmAnuja bhASya meM karma ko 'karmayogAdikama 60 zabdoM se paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| 'karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana 1 zlokAMza meM karma ko karttavya ke artha meM kahA gayA hai| anyatra bhI yaha artha saMpAdita ho rahA hai|62 "kiM karma kimakarmeti 63 se karma aura akarma para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| ___gItA meM yaha spaSTa saMketa hai ki eka kSaNa bhI karma kiye binA nahIM rahA jA sktaa| hama karma karane ke lie bAdhya haiN| zvAsa lenA ityAdi bhI, jo hamAre zarIra ko banAye rakhane ke lie anivArya hai, kriyA hI hai| ataH karma hamAre lie svAbhAvika hai evaM usase vaMcita raha pAnA asaMbhava hai| isa prakAra karmabaMdhana kI prakriyA bhI abAdha gati se gatizIla hai, kintu ve karma hI mAnava ke lie baMdhanakArI hote haiM jinakA saMbaMdha ajJAna se hai| ajJAna se abhiprAya yahA~ karma karate samaya kartRtva bhAva kA vidyamAna rahanA hai| gItAkAra ajJAna ko AsurI sampadA meM parigaNita karate haiM tathA AsarI sampadA ko baMdhanakArI batAte hue kahate haiM- "nibaMdhAyAsurI matA' ajJAna ke atirikta dambha, darpa, abhimAna, krodha, pAruSya (kaThora vANI) ko AsurI sampadA meM samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai|65 zrI kRSNa kahate haiM ki dambha, mAna evaM mada samanvita duSTatApUrNa Asakti (kAmanAe~) se yukta tathA moha (ajJAna) se mithyAdRSTi ko grahaNa kara manuSya asadAcaraNa se yukta hokara saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karate haiN|66 __ Asakta aura anAsakta bhAva se kie gae karma kA phala gItA meM spaSTa rUpa se batAyA gayA hai| phalecchA meM Asakti rakhane vAlA puruSa sadA kamoM se baMdhatA hai arthAt janmamaraNazIla hokara saMsAra meM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| anAsakta bhAva se saMyukta puruSa naiSThikI zAMti ko prApta karatA hai| jaisA ki kahA hai yuktaH karmaphalaM tyaktvA, zAntimApnoti naisstthikiim| ayuktaH kAmakAreNa phale sakto nibdhyte||67

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354 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa gItA karmaphala saMvibhAga meM vizvAsa karatI hai| isakI mAnyatA hai ki zrAddha, tarpaNa Adi kriyAoM ke abhAva meM tathA kuladharma ke vinaSTa hone se pitaroM kA patana ho jAtA hai| saMtAnAdi dvArA kiye gaye zubhAzubha kRtyoM kA prabhAva usake pitaroM para par3atA hai| isa prakAra gItA puNya evaM apuNya karmoM ke phala saMvibhAga ko svIkAra karate hae yaha kahatI hai ki inakA phala anivArya rUpa se inake kartA ko hI prApta nahIM hotA, balki usake parivAra vAloM ko bhI bhoganA par3a sakatA hai|681 gItA meM manuSya ke svatantra rUpa se karma karane ke adhikAra ko to svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, kintu phala ko IzvarAdhIna mAnA gayA hai|68 vyakti ke karma karane ke adhikAra kI svatantratA ekAnta rUpa se svacchandatA nahIM hai, balki usameM samatva buddhi bhI jur3I honI Avazyaka hai| isalie svataMtra rUpa se karma karane ke adhikAra kI vyAkhyA meM gItA samatva buddhi se karma karane para vizeSa jora detI hai aura karmoM ke anusAra hI karmaphala ko svIkAra karatI hai|69 - gItA meM aneka sthaloM para punarjanma kA spaSTa varNana milatA hai| yadyapi gItA ke prArambha meM AtmA ko janma-maraNa se pare ajara-amara evaM nitya batAyA gayA hai, phira bhI punarjanma evaM dehAntara prApti ko eka atisAdhAraNa ghaTanA ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| gItA ke dUsare adhyAya meM yaha varNana AyA hai ki jisa prakAra jIvAtmA kI isa deha meM kumAra, yuvA aura vRddhA avasthA hotI rahatI hai, vaise hI anya zarIra kI prApti yA dehAntara prApti bhI hai| tattvavettA dhIra puruSa isa viSaya meM cintA nahIM krte| punarjanma ko eka rUpaka se samajhAte hue gItAkAra kahate haiM vAsAMsi jIrNAni yathA vihAya, navAni gRhNAti nro'praanni| tathA zarIrANi vihAya jIrNAnyanyAni saMyAti navAni dehii||" arthAt jIvAtmA dvArA eka zarIra chor3akara dUsare ko grahaNa karanA ThIka vaise hai jaise manuSya purAne vastroM ko tyAgakara naye vastroM ko grahaNa karatA hai| mokSa ko gItA meM nirvANapada, avyayapada, paramapada, paramagati aura paramadhAma Adi nAmoM kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| mokSa kA svarUpa batAte hue kahate haiM ki jise prApta kara lene para punaH saMsAra meM AnA nahIM hotA hai vahI paramadhAma hai| paramasiddhi ko prApta hue mahAtmAjana mere (kRSNa) ko prApta ho kara duHkhoM ke ghara isa asthira punarjanma ko prApta nahIM hote haiN| brahmalokaparyanta samagra jagat punarAvRttiyukta hai, lekina jo bhI mujhe (kRSNa yA Izvara ko) prApta kara letA hai, usakA puna: janma nahIM hotaa|72

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 355 gItA kI dRSTi meM mokSa nirvANa hai, paramazAnti kA adhiSThAna hai|73 gItA yaha bhI svIkAra karatI hai ki mokSa sukhAvasthA hai| muktAtmA brahmabhUta hokara atyanta sukha kA anubhava karatA hai| saMskRta-sAhitya meM pUrvakRta karma kA svarUpa saMskRta sAhitya kI vibhinna kRtiyoM meM karma evaM puruSArtha kI carcA hai| vahA~ pUrvakRta karma ko 'daiva' yA 'bhAgya' kahA gayA hai| yahA~ para katipaya kRtiyoM se pUrvakRta karma athavA bhAgya se sambaddha vAkya nidarzana ke rUpa meM prastuta haiMzukranIti meM daiva zukranIti meM pUrvakRta karma ko daiva yA bhAgya kahA gayA hai daive puruSakAre ca khalu sarva prtisstthitm| pUrvajanmakRtaM karmehArjitaM tad dvidhaakRtm|| arthAt bhAgya va puruSArtha para hI sampUrNa jagat pratiSThita hai| inameM eka karma ke hI do bheda kie gae hai- pUrvajanma meM kiyA huA karma 'bhAgya' hai aura isa janma meM kiyA huA karma 'puruSArtha' hai| svapnavAsavadatta meM bhAgya svapnavAsavadatta nATaka meM bhAgya kA pratipAdana huA hai| vahA~ apamAna se vyathita vAsavadattA ko samajhAte hue yaugandharAyaNa kahate haiM- 'kAlakrameNa jagataH parivartamAnA cakrArapaMktiriva gacchati bhAgyApaMkti: bhAgyavaza samaya ke phera se badalane vAlI dazAe~ ratha ke pahiyoM ke aroM kI bhA~ti Upara-nIce hotI rahatI haiN| mahAn kavi bhAsa kI isa atyanta gauravamayI sUkti kI chAyA meghadUta meM bhI dRSTigocara hotI hai- 'nIcairgacchatyupari ca dazA ckrnemikrmenn| mahAn kaviyoM kI isa prakAra kI uktiyA~ daivadalita mAnavoM ko bahuta hI saMtoSa evaM zAMti pradAna karatI haiN| paMcatantra meM karma paMcataMtra meM karma aura kartA ko chAyA aura dhUpa ke sadRza batAyA gayA hai yathA chAyAtapo nityaM susaMbaddhau prsprm| evaM karma ca kartA ca sNshlissttaavitretrm||

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356 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa jisa prakAra chAyA aura dhUpa Apasa meM sadA sambaddha rahate haiM isI taraha karma aura kartA eka-dUsare se baMdhe rahate haiN| ye pUrvakRta karma sote hue manuSya ke sAtha sote haiM aura calate hue ke sAtha calate haiN| ye hamezA AtmA ke sAtha rahate haiN| jisa prakAra bachar3A hajAroM gAyoM meM bhI apanI mAtA ko pahacAna letA hai, usI prakAra pUrvajanma meM kiyA huA karma kartA ke pIche-pIche jAtA hai| ye pUrvakRta karma hI bhAgya banatA hai; jo garbha meM sthita prANI ke Ayu, kAma, dhana, vidyA aura mRtyu nizcita karatA hai| manuSya ne jisa sthAna, jisa samaya aura jaisI Ayu meM zubhAzubha karma pUrvajanma meM kie haiM unhIM ke anurUpa ve karma use bhAgyAdhIna hokara bhogane par3ate haiN| 2 daiva ke pratikUla hone para mahApuruSa bhI vivekahata hokara kumArga meM pravRtta ho jAte haiM tathA pUrva saMcita dhana bhI naSTa ho jAte haiN| isake viparIta daiva anukUla hone para binA parizrama ke bhI vidhi kI preraNA se phala mila jAtA hai akRte'pyudyame puMsAmanyajanmakRtaM phlm| zubhAzubhaM samabhyoti vidhinA sNniyojitm|| hitopadeza meM pUrvajanmakRta karma hitopadeza meM 'pUrvajanmakRtaM karma tad daivamiti kathyate zlokAMza dvArA pUrvajanma meM kRta karma ko daiva kahA hai| daiva ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue kahA haiyasmAccA yena ca yathA ca yadA ca yacca, yAvacca yatra ca shubhaashubhmaatmkrm| tasmAcca tena ca tathA ca tadA ca tacca, tAvacca tatra ca vidhaatRvshaadupaiti|| jisa kAraNa se, jisa karaNa se, jisa prakAra se, jisa kAla meM, jaisA, jitanA choTA-bar3A, jahA~-jahA~ jo-jo zubha yA azubha karma-phala bhoganA likhA hotA hai, bhAgyavaza usa kAraNa se, usa karaNa se, usI prakAra se, usI samaya meM vaisA hI choTA yA bar3A usI sthala meM vaha zubhA'zubha karma, phalasvarUpa meM pariNata hokara upasthita ho jAtA hai| 'sampattezca vipattezya daivameva hi kAraNam" sampatti aura vipatti donoM kA kAraNa daiva hI hai| aisA jAnakara bhI nItijJa saphalatA hetu idhara-udhara kitanA hI prayatna kare tathApi use phala utanA hI prApta hogA jo bhAgya meM likhA hai| kyoMki kabhI-kabhI bhalI-bhA~ti soca kara kie gae kArya bhI bhAgyadoSa se naSTa ho jAte haiN|"

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pUrvakRta karmavAda nItizataka meM bhAgya evaM karma nItizataka meM bhI pUrvakRta karma kA pratipAdana vibhinna zlokoM meM huA hai| pUrvakRta karmoM kA saMcaya hI bhAgya hai aura yaha bhAgya hI honI-anahonI meM kAraNa hotA hai / pUrvakRta puNya zubhaphaloM ke janaka hote haiM, isalie karma kI mahimA ko nItikAra ne sundara zabdoM meM prastuta kiyA hai 357 'bhAgyAni pUrva - tapasA khalu saMcitAni kAle phalanti puruSasya yathaiva vRkSAH / 11 arthAt pUrva janma meM kie gae tapa dvArA saMcita bhAgya hI nizcita rUpa se ucita samaya para phala detA hai, jaise- vRkss| jisa prakAra vRkSa samaya Ane para svataH phala pradAna karate haiM usI prakAra paropakArAdi zubha karmoM ke phalasvarUpa nirmita 'saMcita bhAgya' bhI samaya Ane para mAnava ko zubha phala dete haiN| ina phaloM kA kathana nimnAMkita zlokoM meM huA hai vane raNe zatrujalAgnimadhye, mahArNave parvatamastake vaa| suptaM pramattaM viSamasthitaM vA, rakSanti puNyAni purAkRtAni / / bhImaM vanaM bhavati tasya puraM pradhAnaM, sarvo janaH svajanatAmupayAti tasya / kRtsnA ca bhUrbhavati sannidhiratnapUrNA, yasyAsti pUrvasukRtaM vipulaM narasya / / manuSyoM dvArA kiye gaye pUrva janma ke puNya hI sarvatra rakSA karate haiN| vana meM, yuddha meM, zatru, jala aura agni ke bIca meM, mahAsAgara meM athavA parvata kI coTI para soye hue ko, asAvadhAna ko athavA saMkaTa meM par3e hue ko puNya hI bacAte haiN| jisa manuSya kA pUrvajanma kA atyadhika puNya hai, usake lie bhayAnaka vana hI pradhAna nagara ho jAtA hai| sabhI loga usake AtmIya bana jAte haiM aura yaha sampUrNa pRthivI uttama nidhiyoM va ratnoM se paripUrNa ho jAtI hai| ataH puNyazAlI manuSya ke lie kisI bhI vastu kA abhAva nahIM rhtaa| use sarvatra anukUlatA prApta hotI hai| jahA~ kahIM viSama paristhitiyA~ bhI banatI hai vahA~ bhI zubha karma usakI sahAyatA karate haiN| kavi karma kI mahattA ko pratipAdita karate hue kahatA hainamasyAmo devAnnu hatavidheste'pi vazagA, vidhirvanhAH so'pi pratiniyatakamaikaphaladaH / phalaM karmAyattaM yadi kimamaraiH kiMca vidhinA, namastatkarmabhyo vidhirapi na yebhyaH prabhavati / /

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358 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa hama devatAoM ko namaskAra karate haiM, parantu ve bhI vidhAtA ke adhIna haiN| vidhAtA vandanIya hai, vaha bhI kevala nizcita karma kA hI phala dene vAlA hai| yadi phala karmoM ke adhIna hai to devatAoM se kyA aura vidhAtA se kyA prayojana, una karmoM ko hI namaskAra hai jinake lie vidhAtA hI samartha nahIM ho paataa| karma kA prabhutva manuSya evaM devatAoM sabhI para calatA hai| karma hI pradhAna evaM zaktizAlI hai| isI tathya ko kavi prakaTa karatA huA kahatA hai ki karma kI apratima zakti ke kAraNa hI brahmA ko brahmANDa rUpI bartana meM baMda hokara usI prakAra sRSTi kA nirmANa karate rahanA par3atA hai, jisa prakAra koI kumhAra ghaTa nirmANa ke kArya meM lagA rahatA hai| karma ke prabhAva ke kAraNa hI bhagavAn viSNu ko dasa avatAra dhAraNa karane rUpI aneka kaSToM ko sahana karanA par3atA hai| balavAna karma kA hI prabhAva hai ki usane saMsAra kA vinAza karane vAle bhagavAna ziva ko bhI hAtha meM kapAla lekara bhikSA ke lie bhramaNa kraayaa| isa prakAra karma ne ziva ko 'kapAlI' banane ko vivaza kara diyaa| itanA hI nahIM-saMsAra ko Alokita karane vAle bhagavAna bhAskara bhI karma ke prabhAva ke kAraNa hI nirantara AkAza maNDala meM bhramaNa karate rahate haiN| ata: karma hI sarvopari evaM sarvAtizAyI hai| isa mahAbalI karma ke prabhAva se brahmA, viSNu, ziva aura sUrya bhI nahIM baca sake to sAdhAraNa mAnava kI kyA zakti hai| ata: karma praNamya hai| yogavAsiSTha meM daiva aura puruSArtha yogavAsiSTha meM daiva kI carcA vistAra se huI hai| 'pUrvakRta karma hI daiva hai' isa saMbaMdha meM nimnAMkita zloka prakAza DAlate haiM puruSArtha phlpraaptirdeshkaalvshaadih| prAptA cireNa zIghraM vA yA'sau daivamiti smRtaa||5 siddhasya pauruSeNeha phalasya phlshaalinaa| zubhAzubhArtha sampattirdaivazabdena kthyte|| 6 bhAvI tvavazyamevArthaH purussaarthaiksaadhnH| yaH so'smillokasaMghAte daivazabdena kthyaate||7 yadeva tIvrasaMvegAd dvaDhaM karma kRtaM puraa| tadeva daivazabdena paryAyeNeha kthyte||

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 359 prAkkarmetarAkAraM daivaM nAma na vidyte| prAktanaM pauruSaM tadvai daivazabdena kthyte|| yathA yathA prayatnaH syAdbhavedAzu phalaM tthaa| iti pauruSamevAsti daivamastu tadeva c|| arthAt deza aura kAla ke anusAra vilamba se athavA zIghra hI kRta puruSArtha ke phala kI prApti kA nAma 'daiva' hai| phala dene vAle puruSArtha dvArA zubhAzubha artha-prApti rUpa phala-siddhi kA nAma hI daiva hai| jo puruSArtha dvArA avazya hI prApta hone vAlI vastu hai vaha isa saMsAra meM daiva kahalAtI hai| jo karma dRDhatA se aura tIvra prayatna se pUrvakAla meM kiyA jA cukA hai, vahI isa samaya 'daiva' nAma se pukArA jAtA hai| pUrvakRta karma ke atirikta daiva aura koI vastu nahIM hai; pUrvakRta puruSArtha kA hI nAma daiva hai| jaisA-jaisA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai, vaisA-vaisA hI vaha phala detA hai| isalie puruSArtha hI satya hai, usI ko daiva kahA jA sakatA hai| yogavAsiSTha meM jahA~ eka ora pUrvakRta karma kA nirUpaNa hai, vahIM anyatra usakA nirasana bhI samupalabdha hai daivameveha cetkartR puMsaH kimiva cessttyaa| snAnadAnAsanoccArAndaivameva krissyti||02 yadi daiva se hI saba kucha hotA hai to puruSa kI ceSTA kA kyA prayojana? usake snAna, dAna, Asana, uccAra Adi kArya bhI daiva se hI sampAdita ho jaayeNge| 'daiva kucha nahIM karatA, yaha kalpanA mAtra hai| 103 'daiva sadA hI asat hai 09, 'daiva (bhAgya) kucha nahIM hai 105- ina sabhI vAkyoM se daiva kA astitva nahIM rhtaa| daiva mUrkha logoM kI kalpanA hai aura jo isake sahAre rahatA hai vaha nAza ko prApta hotA hai| buddhimAna loga puruSArtha dvArA unnati karake uttama pada ko prApta karate haiN| 06 daiva kI apekSA puruSArtha kI prabalatA hai| vartamAnakAlika puruSArtha daiva se prabala hotA hai, isa bAta kA ullekha yogavAsiSTha ke kaI zlokoM meM prApta hotA hai dvau huDAviva yudhyete puruSArthoM prsprm| ya eva bAlavAMstatra sa eva jayati kssnnaat|| hyastanI duSkriyAbhyeti zobhAM sakriyA ythaa| adyayaiva prAktanI tsmaadynaatmkaaryvaanbhv||

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360 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa aihikaH prAktanaM hanti prAktano'dyatanaM blaat| sarvadA purussspndsttraanudvegvaaNjyii|| dvayoradyatanasyaiva pratyakSAdvalitA bhvet| daivaM jetuM yato yatnai lo yUneva shkyte|| paraM pauruSamAzritya dntairdntaanvicuurnnyn| zubhenAzubhamudyuktaM prAktanaM pauruSaM jyet|| prAktanaH puruSArtho'sau mAM niyojayatIti dhiiH| balAdadhaspadIkAryA pratyakSAdadhikA na saa|| tAvattAvatprayatnena yatitavyaM supaurussm| prAktanaM pauruSaM yAvadazubhaM zAmyati svym||300 arthAt donoM puruSArtha (pUrvakRta karma jisakA nAma daiva hai aura vartamAnakAla kA puruSArtha) do meMDhoM ke samAna eka-dUsare ke sAtha lar3ate haiM, jo unameM adhika balavAlA hotA hai vahI vijaya pAtA hai| jaise kala kA bigar3A huA kAma Aja ke prayatna se sudhara jAtA hai usI prakAra vartamAnakAlika puruSArtha pUrva ke kie hue puruSArtha ko sudhAra sakatA hai; isalie manuSya ko kAryazIla honA caahie| adhika balI hone para vartamAnakAlika puruSArtha pUrvakAla ke puruSArtha ko aura pUrvakAlika puruSArtha vartamAnakAla ke puruSArtha ko dabA detA hai; hamezA hI puruSa kA kiyA huA prayatna vijaya pAtA hai| jo udvega rahita hokara puruSArtha karatA hai, vahI vijaya pAtA hai| yaha to pratyakSa meM hI siddha hai ki pUrvakAla ke karma kI apekSA vartamAna kA kiyA huA karma adhika balavAna hai| isalie daiva ko vartamAnakAlika puruSArtha isa prakAra jIta letA hai jaise ki bacce ko yuvk| isalie parama puruSArtha kA Azraya lekara zubha karma dvArA pUrvakAla ke azubha karmoM para vijaya prApta karanA caahie| balapUrvaka isa vicAra ko dUra karanA cAhie ki use daiva kisI ora prerita kara rahA hai| vartamAnakAlika puruSArtha se kisI prakAra bhI pUrvakAlika puruSArtha balavAna nahIM hai| manuSya ko itanA puruSArtha karanA cAhie ki jisase usake pUrvakAla ke azubha karma zAnta ho jaaeN| vibhinna bhAratIya darzanoM meM karma bhAratIya darzana ke lagabhaga sabhI prasthAnoM meM karma kI carcA huI hai| yahA~ nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya, mImAMsA, bauddha evaM vedAnta darzana se karma ke svarUpa para vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| jainadarzana meM karma-svarUpa para pRthak se vivecana kiyA jaaegaa|

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 361 nyAyadarzana meM karma nyAyadarzana meM karmasiddhAnta 'adRSTa' ke rUpa meM vivecita hai| adRSTa kA zAbdika artha hai- adRzya shkti| karma anitya rUpa hai|08 vizva meM rahane vAle logoM ke bIca atyadhika viSamatA pAI jAtI hai| kucha logoM ke pAsa atyadhika sampatti pAI jAtI hai to kucha loga nirdhana hote haiN| kucha loga aise haiM jo binA parizrama kie hI sukha prApta karate haiM; lekina kucha loga kaThina parizrama karane para bhI duHkha jhelate haiN| kucha loga jJAnI haiM to kucha loga ajnyaanii| ataH yahA~ eka svAbhAvika prazna hai ki isa viSamatA kA kyA kAraNa hai? nyAyadarzana isa viSamatA kI vyAkhyA karma-siddhAnta ke AdhAra para karatA hai| isa siddhAnta ke anusAra manuSya ke sabhI kamoM ke phala surakSita rahate haiN| zubha karmoM se sukha kI prApti hotI hai tathA azubha karmoM se du:kha kI prApti hotI hai| ina bhAvoM ko vAtsyAyana nyAyabhASya meM 'sarvadavyANAM vizvarUpo vyUha indriyavat karmakAritaH purussaarthtntrH| karma tu dharmAdharmabhUtaM cetanasyopabhogArthamiti 09 zabdoM se prakaTa karate haiN| tAtparya hai ki sabhI dravyoM kI vividha rUpoM meM utpatti indriyoM ke samAna karma (adRSTa) ke kAraNa hI huI hai| karma to dharmAdharmabhUta cetana ke sukha aura duHkha kA sAdhana hai| zarIra kI sRSTi karmanimittaka hai| isa pakSa ko pramANita karate hue nyAyasUtrakAra likhate haiM- 'pUrvakRtaphalAnubaMdhAttadutpatti: 10 arthAt pUrvakRta karma ke phala ke saMbaMdha se zarIra kI utpatti hotI hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki pUrvakRta jo karma hai una karmoM se utpanna jo adRSTa hai, usa adRSTa ke saMbaMdha se zarIra kA nirmANa hotA hai| pUrva zarIra meM jo vANI, buddhi, zarIra kI Arambha rUpA pravRtti hai, vahI pUrvakRta karma kahI gayI hai, usakA phala usase janya dharma aura adharma hai| usa phala (dharma aura adharma) kA jo anubaMdha aura Atmasamaveta adRSTAkhya dharma aura adharma kI avasthiti hai, usase prayukta bhUtoM ke dvArA zarIra kI utpatti hotI hai, svatantra bhUtoM ke dvArA zarIra kI utpatti nahIM hotI hai| 19 apavarga kI prApti-prakriyA batAte hue sUtrakAra kahate haiM'duHkhajanmapravRttidoSa- mithyAjJAnAnAmuttarottarA'pAye tadanantarApAyAdapavarga: 112 duHkha, janma, pravRtti, doSa, mithyAjJAnoM meM se uttara-uttara padArthoM kA apAya (nivRtti) hone para tadanantarApAya (unake pUrva-pUrva kI nivRtti) hone se apavarga (mokSa) hotA hai| bhAva yaha hai ki tattvajJAna aura mithyAjJAna ke paraspara viruddha hone se tattvajJAna ke dvArA mithyAjJAna rUpI mUlakAraNa ke naSTa ho jAne se.rAgadveSAdi kA nAza ho jAtA hai|

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362 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa rAgadveSAdi rUpa kAraNa ke nAza se puNya-pApa rUpa dasa prakAra kI kAyika, vAcika, mAnasika pravRttiyoM kA nAza ho jAtA hai| pravRttirUpa kAraNa ke nAza se janma kA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai ( zarIrAntara saMbaMdha nahIM hotA) janmarUpa kAraNa ke abhAva se duHkhAtyantanivRtti rUpa mokSa kI upalabdhi hotI hai / 113 prayatna karatA huA jIva hamezA hI karma ke phala ko prApta nahIM karatA hai, kabhI-kabhI usakA karma viphala bhI ho jAtA hai| isakA koI dRSTa kAraNa nahIM hai, ataH sUtrakAra kahate haiM- 'IzvaraH kAraNam - puruSakarmA''phalyadarzanAt 114 yAnI Izvara kAraNa hai, kyoMki karmoM kI viphalatA phalotpatti ke anukUla IzvarecchA na hone se hotI hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki adRSTa acetana hai, ataH isako saMcAlita karane ke lie Izvara kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| isI artha meM Izvara ko karmaphaladAtA mAnA jAtA hai| vaizeSikasUtra meM karma vaizeSika sUtra meM karma ko dravya mAnA gayA hai| yaha dravya anya dravya meM samavAya saMbaMdha se rahane vAlA padArtha hai / isakA lakSaNa hai - "eka-davyamaguNam saMyoga-vibhAgeSvakAraNamanapekSa iti karma lakSaNam' karma dravya evaM nirguNa hai tathA saMyoga aura vibhAga kI utpatti meM svottarabhAvI padArtha kI apekSA ke binA hI kAraNa hotA hai / isa prakAra maharSi kaNAda ne karma ke tIna lakSaNa batAe haiM- karma eka hI dravya meM rahatA hai, svayaM aguNavAna hai aura saMyogaviyoga kA kAraNa hotA hai| yaha karma pA~ca prakAra kA hotA hai- utkSepaNa, avakSepaNa, AkuMcana, prasAraNa tathA gmn| karma kA yaha svarUpa puruSa dvArA kRta pUrvakarma kA bodhaka nahIM hai| yaha to eka bhinna padArtha hai jo dravya evaM guNa meM rahatA hai| pUrvakRta karma yA adRSTa kA svarUpa to vaizeSika darzana meM bhI vahI svIkArya hai jo nyAyadarzana meM pratipAdita hai| sAMkhyadarzana meM karma 'karma' zabda kA prayoga yadyapi sAMkhyadarzana meM kahIM nahIM huA hai kintu vahA~ jainadarzana meM prayukta 'karma' zabda kI arthAbhivyakti milatI hai| jainadarzana meM duHkhoM ko karmoM kA phala mAnA gayA hai, vaise hI sAMkhyadarzana meM aviveka athavA anAdi avidyA ke kAraNa sukha-duHkha kA honA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha aviveka hI karmabaMdha kA .15

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 363 athavA saMsAra meM bhramaNa karane kA mUla kAraNa hai|16 isake sAtha hI IzvarakRSNa yaha bhI kahate haiM ki 'dharmeNa gamanamUrdhva, gamanamadhastAdbhavatyadharmeNa 117 arthAt dharma se Upara ke lokoM meM aura adharma se adholoka meM gamana hotA hai| isa kArikAMza para ramAzaMkara tripAThI tattva pradIpikA vyAkhyA meM likhate haiM- 'dharmeNa sukRtena yAgAdinA ityarthaH Urdhva yuprabhRtiSu lokeSu gamanaM bhvti| adharmeNa duSkRtena hiMsAdinA athastAt sutalAdiSu narakAdiSu vA gamanaM bhvti| dharmAcaraNena mAnavAH sUkSmazarIreNa uttameSu lokeSu vrajanti, tataH puNye kSINe uttameSveva kuleSu utpdynte| adharmAcaraNena ninditeSu bhuvo'dhastAdvartamAneSu sutalAdiSu narakeSu vA gacchanti; punaH tataH adhameSu kuleSu vA yoniSu jAyante iti bhaavaarthH| 118 arthAt dharma yA yAgAdi rUpa sukRta se Urdhva lokoM meM gamana hotA hai| dharmAcaraNa se manuSya sUkSma zarIra ke dvArA uttama lokoM meM jAte haiM, vahA~ se puNya kSINa hone para uttama kuloM meM utpanna hote haiN| adharma ke AcaraNa se pRthvI ke nIce sutala Adi nindita narakoM meM jAte haiN| phira vahA~ se adhama kuloM meM athavA yoniyoM meM utpanna hote haiN| baMdhana evaM mukti kI prakriyA tathA karmoM kA svarUpa sAMkhyadarzana meM jainadarzana se kucha bhinna rUpa meM pratipAdita huA hai| sAMkhya meM jIva akartA hote hue bhI baMdhana evaM mukti kI prakriyA se gujaratA hai| sAMkhya bhI punarjanma ko svIkAra karatA hai| jainadarzana ke kArmaNa zarIra ko sAMkhyadArzanika liMgazarIra yA sUkSma zarIra kahate haiN| 19 sattva, rajas, tamas ina tInoM guNoM se yukta prakRti ko sAMkhyadarzana kI mAnatA hai tathA ise hI puruSa ko mukti dilAne meM sahAyaka bhI mAnatA hai| prakRti evaM puruSa kA saMyoga hI karma (saMskAra) ko utpanna karatA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa bhoga prApta hotA hai|120 yaha bhoga cetana puruSa liMga zarIra ke vinAza hone taka, Upara, nIce tathA madhya ke lokoM meM jarA-maraNa se utpanna duHkha ke rUpa meM prApta karatA hai|121 mImAMsA darzana meM karma ____ mImAMsA darzana meM karma ko vaidika yajJa-saMbaMdhI karmakANDa ke anuSThAna ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA jAtA hai| karma meM daihika evaM mAnasika donoM kArya svIkAra kie gae haiN| mAnasika karma meM vicAra karanA, kalpanA karanA, jJAna prApta karanA Adi ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai aura daihika karma meM yajJayAga Adi ko| ___ isa darzana ke 'apUrva siddhAnta' ko 'karma siddhAnta' kA paryAya kahA jA sakatA hai| apUrva kA zAbdika artha hai- 'pUrva' arthAt kRta karmoM se navIna utpanna hone vAlA pApa tathA puNya rUpa phl|122 yajamAna yajJa to Aja karatA hai kintu usakA phala

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364 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa bhaviSya meM prApta hotA hai| isa prakAra karma ke phala kI niSpatti tatkAla na hokara bAda meM hotI hai to kriyA aura phala ke madhya kAla kI asaMgati A jAtI hai| jise dUra karane ke lie mImAMsaka 'apUrva ke pratyaya ko svIkAra karate haiN| yaha apUrva karma kA vidhAyaka hai kyoMki 'phalazrutestu karma syAt, phalasya karmayogitvAt 122 arthAt karmoM ke phala sune jAte hai aura phala se karma kA nizcita saMbaMdha hai| isakA Azaya yaha hai ki yajJa se 'apUrva (puNya)' utpanna hotA hai aura apUrva se utpanna hotA hai svarga (phl)| isa prakAra kriyA aura phala ke bIca apUrva mAdhyama kA kAma karatA hai| ___ jIva kA apane kRta karmoM ke sAtha jo saMbaMdha hai vaha miTa nahIM sakatA aura vaha jo dhana bhoga karane ke lie pAtA hai to vaha usake purAne yA naye karmoM kA phala hotA hai| jo dhana kamoM ke phalasvarUpa prApta nahIM hotA hai to vaha apane Apa hI naSTa ho jAtA hai athavA roga, durghaTanA Adi koI aisI bAdhA upasthita ho jAtI hai jisase vaha usakA bhoga nahIM kara sktaa| prArabdha karma manuSya ko kevala bhoga dene ke lie hote haiN| vartamAna samaya ke kriyamANa karmoM para usakA koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| unako manuSya yathA rUpa bhalA yA burA karake Age ke lie vaisA hI prArabdha banA sakatA hai| 20 katipaya mImAMsaka vidvAnoM ne karma-vibhAjana tIna zreNiyoM meM kiyA haisahaja karma, jaiva karma, aiza krm| prakRti kI Arambhika avasthA meM brahmAMDa aura paMcabhUtoM kI utpatti tathA ubhijja ke rUpa meM jIva-sRSTi kA Arambha honA Adi sahaja karma mAne jAte haiN| mImAMsA inako prakRti ke karma mAnatA hai| isake pazcAt jaba udbhijja se calane-phirane vAle prANI banakara anta meM manuSya kA AvirbhAva ho jAtA hai taba jaiva karma Arambha hotA hai| kyoMki manuSya ko buddhi, viveka mila jAne ke kAraNa vaha pApa-puNya kA nirNaya kara sakatA hai| isI jaiva karma ke phalasvarUpa manuSya pretayoni, svarga-naraka, manuSya loka Adi meM bhramaNa karatA huA taraha-taraha kI yoniyoM kA anubhava karatA rahatA hai| isI avasthA meM vaha veda, purANa, dharma-grantha Adi kI sahAyatA se Atmika unnati ke mArga meM agrasara hotA jAtA hai| aiza karma kA saMbaMdha manuSya loka se ucca sthiti vAle devaloka se hai, para manuSya loka se bhI usakA parokSa saMbaMdha rahatA hai| isI karma ke prabhAva se manuSya deva padavI ko prApta karatA hai aura nirantara paramAtmA kI prApti ke mArga meM agrasara hotA hai| 25 sakAma kamoM ke anuSThAna se to puNya-pApa hote haiM, jisase jIvAtmA sadaiva bandhanoM meM hI par3A rahatA hai, para niSkAma dharmAcaraNa se tathA AtmajJAna ke prabhAva se pUrva karmoM ke saMcita saMskAra naSTa ho jAte haiM aura manuSya janma-maraNa ke cakkara se chuTakArA pAkara duHkhoM se nivRtti arthAt mokSa ko prApta kara letA hai|126

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 365 bauddha darzana meM karma bauddha dharma meM karma ko caitasika kahA gayA hai aura vaha citta ke Azrita rahatA hai| yaha karma tIna prakAra kA hai- 1. mAnasika karma 2. vAcika karma 3. kAyika krm|20 inheM tridaNDa bhI kahA jAtA hai| inameM se manodaNDa hInatama aura sAvadyatama karma mAnA gayA hai| mAnasika karma 'vAsanA' kahalAtA hai aura vAcika tathA kAyika karma 'avijJapti' mAnA jAtA hai| kahIM para mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika karma ko vijJapti rUpa bhI kahA gayA hai| bauddha dharma meM mAnya karma kA vAsanA aura avijJapti rUpa jainadharma kA dravyakarma aura saMskAra tathA vijJapti rUpa karma jainadharma kA bhAvakarma mAnA jA sakatA hai|128 bauddha darzana meM dvAdaza aMga kahe gae haiM, usake antargata saMskAra kA bhI ullekha hai| yahA~ saMskAra se abhiprAya 'karma se hai| yaha karmAvasthA pUrvajanma kI hai| avidyAvaza sattva jo bhI bhalA-burA karma karatA hai, vahI saMskAra kahalAtA hai| AcArya buddhaghoSa saMskRta pratyutpanna dharmoM kA abhisaMskAra karane vAlI laukika kuzala aura akuzala cetanA ko hI 'saMskAra' kahate haiN| yaha saMskAra tIna prakAra kA hotA hai- 1. puNyAbhisaMskAra 2. apuNyAbhisaMskAra 3. aaneNjaabhisNskaar|129 duHkhanirodhagAminI pratipada ke AThoM aMgoM ko hI bauddha darzana meM 'Arya aSTAMgika mArga' bhI kahA jAtA hai| caturtha aMga 'samyaka karmAnta' meM samyaka karmAnta kA artha ThIka karma athavA yathArtha kArya hai| sattvoM kA karma prabala hotA hai, karmoM para hI sattva nirbhara hai| usake jaise karma hoMge, vaisI hI usakI gati hogii| yadi bure karma kie haiM to narakagAmI hogA aura yadi satkarma kie haiM to svarga yA nirvANa kA prAptakartA hogaa| hiMsA, corI aura kAma mithyAcAra se virata rahanA hI samyaka karmAnta hai| samyak karmAnta ke kAraNa sattva pApa se Upara uThatA hai aura sadAcArI banatA hai| isa prakAra jo jaisA karma karatA hai vaha vaisA hI phala bhogatA hai|930 mANavaka dvArA prANiyoM kI hInatA aura uttamatA ke saMbaMdha meM prazna kie jAne para bhagavAna buddha kahate haiM- "kammassakA mANava sattA kammadAyAdA kammayonI kammabandhU kammapaTisaraNA, kammaM satte vibhajati yadidaM hInapaNItatAyA, ti|131 arthAt mANavaka! prANI karmasvaka (karma hI hai apanA jinakA) haiM, karmadAyAda, karmayoni, karma-bandhu aura karmapratizaraNa hai| karma hI prANiyoM ko isa hInatA aura uttamatA meM vibhakta karatA hai| isa prasaMga ko adhika spaSTa karate hue

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366 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa DaoN. bharatasiMha upAdhyAya 32 likhate haiM ki bhagavAn buddha jIvana kI viSamatA kA mUla kAraNa karma ko mAnate haiN| karma hI prANiyoM ko hIna aura uttama meM bA~TatA hai| jisakA jaisA karma hai, vaisA usakA phala hai| koI strI yA puruSa, yadi vaha prANAtipAtI hai, krodhI hai, IrSyAlu hai, lobhI hai, abhimAnI hai, pApa kamoM meM citta ko lagAne vAlA hai to vaha usa kAyA ko chor3a marane ke bAda durgati meM utpanna hotA hai aura yadi manuSya yoni meM AtA hai to hIna hotA hai, daridra aura nirbuddhi hotA hai| isI prakAra jisake karma zubha haiM, vaha sugati meM janma letA hai aura yadi manuSya yoni meM AtA hai to uttama, svastha, samRddha aura prajJAvAna hotA hai|32 sugati yA durgati kA pAnA isa prakAra karma ke zubha yA azubha hone para nirbhara hai|34 sadAcAra se sugati aura durAcAra se durgati prApta hotI hai|35 karma aura vipAka ke pArasparika saMbaMdha aura anyonyAzrita bhAva se yaha saMsAra cakra calatA hai, yaha karma ke siddhAnta kI dhurI hai| jise visuddhimagga meM nimna zabdoM meM uddhata kiyA gayA hai kammA vipAkA vattanti vipAko kamma sNbhvo| kammA punanbhavo hoti evaM loko pavattatI ti||136 karma se vipAka pravartita hote haiM aura svayaM vipAka karma-saMbhava haiN| karma se punarjanma hotA hai, isa prakAra yaha saMsAra pravartita hotA hai| ata: kahA jA sakatA hai ki buddha zAsana kI sampUrNa pratiSThA karma ke siddhAnta para AdhArita hai| yaha karma siddhAnta sabhI bauddha dArzanikoM ko mAnya hai| vedAnta darzana meM karma vedAnta ke anusAra bandhana kA mUla kAraNa avidyA yA ajJAna hai| avidyA AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa nahIM hai, balki jIva kI mithyA kalpanA kA pariNAma hai| avidyA se utpanna karmaphala ko saba jIva paramAtmA ke Azraya se hI bhogate haiM kyoMki karmoM kA jJAtA evaM sarvazaktimAn hone se brahma hI yaha sAmarthya rakhatA hai| jar3a prakRti athavA jIvAtmA svayaM isameM samartha nahIM hai| isameM karma bhoga kI vyavasthA karane vAlA brahma hI siddha hotA hai| ata: vedAnta darzana meM kahA hai ___'phalamata upapatteH 137 arthAta isa paramAtmA se hI karmaphala mAnanA upayukta hai| yaha bAta zrutiyoM meM bhI bAra-bAra kahI gaI hai ki brahma hI jIvoM ke karma-phala kA draSTA hai|138 taittirIya upaniSad meM bhI brahma ko hI 'mahAn aja AtmA karma-phala dene vAlA' kahA hai| anya zrutiyA~ bhI isI prakAra kahatI haiM, isase karma-phala kA dene vAlA brahma hI siddha hotA hai|

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 367 yogadarzana meM karma yogadarzana ke abhimatAnusAra 'avidyAsmitArAgadveSAbhinivezAH klezA: 139 arthAt avidyA, asmitA, rAga, dveSa aura abhiniveza- ina pA~ca klezoM se kliSTa vRtti utpanna hotI hai| isa kliSTa vRtti se dharmAdharma rUpI saMskAra paidA hotA hai| ye saMskAra aura kleza hI avidyA yA karmabaMdhana ke hetu haiN|01 yogadarzana meM ina baddha karmoM kA vipAka tIna prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai- jAti, Ayu aura bhog|142 'jAti' pada manuSya, pazu Adi yoniyoM ko sUcita karatA hai| 'Ayu' pada yaha saMketa karatA hai ki eka nizcita avadhi taka deha tathA prANa kA saMyoga rahatA hai| bhoga sukha evaM duHkha rUpa anubhUti ko abhivyaMjita karatA hai| isa prakAra yoga sammata ye tInoM pada eka-dUsare se itane Abaddha hai ki eka ke abhAva meM dUsare kI saMbhAvanA nahIM kI jA sktii| kyoMki vyakti apane dvArA kiye karmoM ke anusAra sukha-duHkha kA bhoga tabhI kara sakatA hai jaba usake pAsa Ayu ho aura Ayu bhI vaha tabhI dhAraNa kara sakatA hai jaba usane janma liyA ho| isa prakAra yoga darzanAnusAra karma se milane vAle jAti, Ayu evaM bhoga rUpa tInoM phala paraspara sambaddha haiN| Izvara ko paribhASita karate hue bhI yogadarzana meM karma aura vipAka kI carcA samupalabdha hotI hai|143 yahA~ dveSAdi kleza se utpanna zubhAzubha kAryajanya hone se puNyapApa karma kahe jAte haiN| ye karma cAra prakAra ke haiM- kRSNa, zukla, zuklakRSNa, ashuklkRssnn| durAtmAoM kA karma kRSNa hai aura tapasvI, svAdhyAyI Adi kA shukl| caramadeha kaivalya prApta saMnyAsI azuklakRSNa haiM aura kRSNazukla bAhya vyApAra se sAdhya haiN|" puNya-pApa ke phala sukha-duHkha vipAka kahe jAte haiN| karma kI avadhAraNA : katipaya pramukha bindu karma aura bhAgya bhAratIya cintana meM jise saMcita karma kahA gayA hai, vahI bhAgya hai| ise mImAMsA, nyAya Adi darzanoM ne adRSTa bhI kahA hai| vaidika paramparA meM karma ke tIna prakAra pratipAdita haiM- saMcita, prArabdha aura kriymaann| saMcita karma- pUrvajanma meM kRta karma saMcita karma hote haiN| isa karma kA udaya samaya Ane para hotA hai| prArabdha karma- jo pUrvakRta karma apanA phala pradAna karanA prArambha kara detA hai, use prArabdha karma kahate haiN| vartamAna meM jo kucha hama bhoga rahe haiM, vaha prArabdha karma hai|

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368 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa kriyamANa karma- jo karma vartamAna meM puruSArtha ke rUpa meM kiyA jA rahA hai, use kriyamANa karma kahate haiN| kriyamANa karma ke AdhAra para hI saMcita karma kA arjana hotA hai tathA isakA phala bhaviSya meM prApta hotA hai| yaha saMskAra kA bhaNDAra hai jo bhaviSya ke lie surakSita hai| kriyamANa karma bhaviSya meM phala pradAna karate samaya prArabdha bana jAte haiM aura prArabdha ke anusAra hI kriyamANa karma sampanna hote haiN| isa prakAra kriyamANa, prArabdha aura saMcita karma ke madhya eka vRtta kA nirmANa hotA hai ye tInoM karma bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya kI vyAkhyA karate haiN| bhUtakAlIna karma ke anusAra vartamAna aura vartamAnakAlIna karmAnusAra bhaviSya kA jIvana prApta hotA hai| vartamAna bhUta se janya hai aura bhaviSya kA janaka hai| isa prakAra karma kA zAzvata yA nirantara cakra calatA rahatA hai| jaina darzana meM saMcita karma ko sattA meM sthita karma kahA gayA hai| sattA meM sthita karma jaisA hotA hai, usI ke anurUpa karma udaya meM Ate haiM arthAt karma ke phala kI prApti hotI hai| ata: karma-baMdha va udaya se milane vAle phala ko hI bhAgya kahA gayA hai| vaidika paramparA ke prArabdha karma ko udaya tathA kriyamANa karma ko baMdha kA kAraNa kahA jA sakatA hai| sAmAnyataH yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki bhAgya ke anurUpa hI phala kI prApti hotI hai| usameM kisI prakAra ke parivartana kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai| kintu jainadarzana kI mAnyatA hai ki tapa evaM zubhabhAva rUpa puruSArtha ke dvArA pUrvabaddha arthAt sattA meM sthita karmoM kI sthiti evaM phaladAna zakti meM parivartana saMbhava hai| yaha bhAgya parivartana kI prakriyA 'karaNa' kahalAtI hai| karaNa se tAtparya hai karma-baMdha se lekara phala-bhoga taka kI avsthaaeN| isa prakAra vartamAna ke karma hI puruSa ke lie vidhAtA hai, jise 'mahApurANa' meM nimna prakAra se zlokAbaddha kiyA gayA hai vidhiH sraSTA vidhAtA daivaM karma puraakRtm| Izvarazceti paryAyakarma vedhsH||145 vidhi sraSTA, vidhAtA, daiva, purAkRta, Izvara ye karma rUpI brahmA ke paryAyavAcI zabda haiN| arthAt karma hI vAstava meM brahma yA vidhAtA haiN| Izvara aura karmaphala ___AryAvarta kI bhUmi para karma ke viSaya meM aneka siddhAnta pallavita evaM vikasita hue haiN| kucha dArzanika kevala karmavAdI haiM to kucha dArzanika karmavAda ko

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 369 svIkAra hI nahIM krte| kucha karmavAda ko mAnate haiM para IzvaravAda ke sahacArI ke rUpa meM use svIkAra karate haiN| ____ bhArata ke vibhinna darzanoM meM 'karma' ke lie mAyA, avidyA, prakRti, apUrva, vAsanA, Azaya, dharmAdharma, adRSTa, saMskAra, daiva, bhAgya Adi zabda prayukta hue haiN| vedAnta darzana meM mAyA, avidyA aura prakRti zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| mImAMsA darzana meM apUrva zabda prayukta huA hai| bauddhadarzana meM vAsanA aura avijJapti zabdoM kA prayoga dRSTigocara hotA hai| sAMkhyadarzana meM 'Azaya' zabda vizeSa rUpa se milatA hai| nyAyavaizeSika darzana meM adRSTa, saMskAra aura dharmAdharma zabda pracalita haiN| daiva, bhAgya, puNyapApa Adi aise aneka zabda haiM jinakA prayoga sAmAnya rUpa se sabhI darzanoM meM huA hai| bhAratIya darzanoM meM eka cArvAka darzana hI aisA darzana hai jisakA karmavAda meM vizvAsa nahIM hai kyoMki vaha AtmA kA svataMtra astitva hI nahIM mAnatA hai| kintu zeSa sabhI bhAratIya darzana kisI na kisI rUpa meM karma kI sattA mAnate haiN| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM karmaphaladAtA : Izvara nyAya, vaizeSika aura vedAnta darzana karmoM meM svataH phala dene kI kSamatA kA abhAva mAnakara Izvara ko phala-pradAtA svIkAra karate haiN| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM Izvara ko karma-niyama kA vyavasthApaka evaM karmaphala kA pradAtA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| uparyukta darzanoM ke anusAra rAga, dveSa aura moha rUpa doSoM se preraNA prApta kara jIvoM meM mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRttiyA~ hotI hai aura usase dharma aura adharma kI utpatti hotI hai| ye dharma aura adharma saMskAra kahalAte haiN| ye saMskAra hI karma haiN| ina karmoM kA niyantA Izvara hai, isa saMbaMdha meM kucha tarka nimna haiM1. 'IzvaraH kAraNam-puruSakarmA''phalyadarzanAt 148 prayatna karatA huA jIva hamezA hI karma ke phala ko prApta nahIM karatA hai, kabhI-kabhI usakA karma viphala bhI ho jAtA hai| kyoM viphala hotA hai? aisA koI draSTa kAraNa nahIM hai isalie phalotpatti ke anukUla IzvarecchA ke na hone se karmoM kI viphalatA hotI hai| isa prakAra kArya mAtra ke prati Izvara kI kAraNatA hai| 2. tatkAritatvAdahetuH- Izvara puruSakAra ko anugRhIta karatA hai arthAt phala prApti ke lie prayatnazIla jo puruSa hai Izvara usake phala kA sampAdana karatA hai| jaba Izvara phala kA sampAdana nahIM karatA hai to usa puruSa kA karma niSphala ho jAtA hai| 3. jar3akarma acetana hone ke kAraNa svata: phala pradAna nahIM kara sakate, kyoMki __phala pradAna kI kriyA cetana kI preraNA ke binA nahIM ho sktii|50

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370 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 4. karma kA kartA jo caitanya hai, vaha bhI phalapradAtA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki kartA kabhI bhI svecchA se azubha karmoM kA phala prApta karanA nahIM caahtaa| ata: phalapradAtA Izvara ko mAnanA Avazyaka hai|151 vedAnta meM Izvara dvArA karmaphala vedAnta darzana kA bhI mantavya hai ki phalaprApti karma se nahIM, apitu Izvara arthAt brahma se hotI hai| 'phalamata upapatte', 'zrutatvAcca', 'dharma jaiminirata eva', 'pUrva tu bAdarAyaNo hetuvyapadezAt 52 Adi sUtra isa mantavya kA pratipAdana karate haiN| saba jIva paramAtmA ke Azraya meM hI apane karma-phala rUpa bhoga ko prApta karate haiM, kyoMki karmoM kA jJAtA evaM sarvazaktimAn hone se brahma hI yaha sAmarthya rakhatA hai| jar3a prakRti athavA jIvAtmA svayaM isameM samartha nahIM hai| isase karma-bhoga kI vyavasthA karane vAlA brahma hI siddha hotA hai| yaha bAta zrutiyoM meM bhI bAra-bAra kahI gaI hai ki brahma hI jIvoM ke karma-phala kA draSTA hai| taittirIya upaniSad meM bhI brahma ko hI 'mahAn, aja-AtmA karma phala dene vAlA' kahA hai| anya zrutiyA~ bhI isI prakAra kahatI haiM, isase karmaphala kA dene vAlA brahma hI siddha hotA hai| jisa karma se phala kI utpatti hotI hai, vaha karma brahma se hI utpanna hotA hai, 'dharma' karma kA paryAya hai| isa prakAra AcArya jaimini karma ko hI phala dene vAlA svIkAra karate haiM, kintu AcArya bAdarAyaNa inake mata se sahamata nahIM haiN| bAdarAyaNa karma ko nimitta mAtra hI mAnate haiM kyoMki jar3a aura anitya karma svayaM phala kI vyavasthA karane meM samartha nahIM hai| isa prakAra brahma hI karma-phala pradAtA siddha hotA hai| 153 sAMkhyAdi anIzvaravAdI darzanoM meM karmaphala __ sAMkhya, bauddha aura mImAMsA darzanoM meM kisI vaiyaktika Izvara kA astitva hI svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| yoga darzana meM Izvara kA astitva to mAnya hai, lekina vaha kevala upAsanA kA viSaya evaM zraddhA kA kendra hai| vaha Izvara karma-niyama kA vyavasthApaka yA zubhAzubha karmoM kA phalapradAtA nahIM hai| Izvara ke bagaira karmaphala kI vyavasthA uparyukta darzanoM meM bhinna prakAra se sthApita kI gaI hai| sAMkhyadarzana meM aviveka yA ajJAna hI karmabandha kA athavA saMsAra meM bhramaNa karane kA mUla kAraNa hai| isa kAraNa se jIva ko sukha-duHkha hotA hai tathA jJAna se mokSa rUpa phala prApta hotA hai|54 ye jJAna aura ajJAna buddhi ke pariNAma yA kArya haiN|155 caMki buddhi ke nAnA rUpa kArya ke prati avyakta prakRti kAraNa hai, ata: jJAna-ajJAna aura

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 371 usake vipAka kI vyavasthA meM prakRti hI kAraNa huI / 156 isa prakAra karma - phala kI vyavasthA meM sAMkhya Izvara yA anya puruSa ko kAraNa na mAnate hue prakRti se hI niyamana svIkAra karatA hai| mImAMsA darzana meM mAnasika aura daihika do prakAra ke karma svIkAra kie gae hai| mAnasika karma meM vicAra, kalpanA karanA Adi ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai aura daihika karma meM yajJa yAga Adi ko / ina donoM prakAra ke zubha kRtyoM se puNya - aura azubha kRtyoM se pApa kI utpatti hotI hai| puNya-pApa ke sAtha karma se eka apUrva nAmaka zakti utpanna hotI hai jo AtmA ke sAtha rahatI hai| 157 yaha apUrva karma - phala kI vidhAyaka hai kyoMki 'phalazrutestu karma syAt phalasya karmayogitvAt 158 arthAt karmoM ke phala sune jAte haiM aura phala se karma kA nizcita saMbaMdha hai| isa prakAra kriyA aura phala ke bIca apUrva Izvara ke samAna madhyastha kI taraha kArya karatA hai| jainamata meM karma, karmaphala aura Izvara viSayaka vicAra jainadarzana karma ko paugalika mAnatA hai| jo pudgala - paramANu karmarUpa meM pariNata hote haiM unheM karma vargaNA kahate haiM aura jo zarIra rUpa meM pariNata hote haiM unheM nokarma vargaNA kahate haiN| loka ina donoM prakAra ke paramANuoM se paripUrNa hai| jIva apane mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRttiyoM se karma-vargaNA ke pudgaloM ko AkarSita karatA hai / mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti tabhI hotI hai jaba jIva ke sAtha karma kA saMbaMdha ho / jIva ke sAtha karma tabhI sambaddha hotA hai, jaba mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti ho| isa taraha pravRtti se karma aura karma se pravRtti kI paramparA anAdikAla se cala rahI hai| karma aura pravRtti ke kArya aura kAraNa bhAva ko lakSya meM rakhate hue pudgala paramANuoM ke piNDa rUpa karma ko dravya karma kahA hai aura rAga-dveSAdi rUpa pravRttiyoM ko bhAva karma kahA hai| isa taraha karma ke mukhya do bheda haiM- dravya karma aura bhAva karma / karmabaMdha ke cAra bheda haiM- prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga aura pradeza / 159 inameM prakRti aura pradeza kA baMdha yoga se hotA hai evaM sthiti aura anubhAga kA baMdha kaSAya se hotA hai / sAra rUpa meM kahA jAya to kaSAya hI karmabaMdha kA mukhya hetu hai / 160 karmaphala ke saMbaMdha meM SaDdarzanasamuccayakAra kahate haiM tatra jJAnAdidharmebhyo bhinnAbhinno vivRttimaan| 161 zubhAzubhakarmakarttA bhoktA karmaphalasya ca / /

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372 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa jIva caitanya svarUpa hai| yaha apane jJAna, darzana Adi guNoM se bhinna hai tathA abhinna bhI hai| karmoM ke anusAra vaha manuSya, pazu Adi kI paryAyeM dhAraNa karatA hai| apane acche aura bure vicAroM se zubha aura azubha karmoM ko bA~dhatA hai tathA unake sukha-duHkha rUpa phaloM ko bhogatA hai| jainadarzana na kevala karmaphala-niyaMtA Izvara kA virodha karatA hai, balki isake saMbaMdha meM puSTa evaM prAmANika tarka bhI prastuta karatA hai1. yadi vyakti Izvara prerita karmaphala ko prApta hotA hai to saMsAra meM ghaTita hone vAle sampUrNa azubha karmoM kA doSI koI vyakti vizeSa nahIM ho sakatA, taba usakA doSI bhI Izvara honA cAhie kyoMki ukta samasta vyApAra usakI preraNA se hotA hai|162 2. sAdhAraNa buddhi rakhane vAlA zAsaka bhI asat karma hone ke pUrva use rokane kI vyavasthA karatA hai to Izvara to manuSya kI tulanA meM sarvajJa hai vaha saMsArI jIvoM ko pApa karma karane se pahale hI unheM kyoM nahIM roka detA? pahale to unheM khulakara pApa karma karane kI chUTa denA aura bAda meM usa pApa karma kA duHkhada phala denA usakI kauna-sI dayAlutA evaM nyAyazIlatA hai? 163 3. yadi karma-niyama ke binA Izvara mAtra apanI svacchanda icchA se kisI ko mUrkha aura kisI ko vidvAna, kisI ko rAjA aura kisI ko raMka, kisI ko sampanna aura kisI ko vipanna banAe to use nyAyI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| lekina Izvara kabhI bhI anyAyI nahIM ho sktaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki jo darzana Izvara ko phala pradAtA mAnate haiM ve bhI yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki Izvara jIvoM ke karmAnusAra hI unake sukha-duHkha kI vyavasthA karatA hai| jaise vyakti ke bhale-bure karma hote haiM unake anusAra hI Izvara unheM pratiphala detA hai| IzvarIya vyavasthA pUrI taraha karmaniyama se niyantrita hai| Izvara apanI icchA se usameM kucha bhI parivartana nahIM kara sakatA, to yaha sarvazaktisampanna Izvara kA upahAsa hai|164 4. yadi kAruNika Izvara kA kArya karma-niyama se anuzAsita hai to phira na to aise Izvara kA koI mahattva rahatA hai aura na usakI karuNA kA koI arth| eka ora IzvarIya vyavasthA ko karmaniyama ke adhIna mAnanA aura dUsarI ora karmavyavasthA ke lie Izvara kI AvazyakatA batAnA-isase itaretarAzraya doSa kA prasaMga utpanna hotA hai|165

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 373 jaina mAnyatAnusAra yadyapi jar3a-karma cetana-zakti ke abhAva meM svata: phala nahIM de sakate, lekina isake sAtha hI jainI yaha bhI svIkAra karate haiM ki karmoM ko apanA phala pradAna karane ke lie kartA se bhinna anya cetana sattA kI athavA Izvara kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| kamoM ke kartA cetana AtmA ke dvArA svayaM hI vAsanA evaM kaSAyoM kI tIvratA ke AdhAra para karma-vipAka kA prakAra, kAlAvadhi, mAtrA aura tIvratA kA nizcaya ho jAtA hai| yaha AtmA svayaM hI apane karmoM kA kartA hai aura svayaM hI unakA phala pradAtA bana jAtA hai| pratyeka jIvAtmA apane zuddha svarUpa kI dRSTi se paramAtmA hI hai, aisA svIkAra kara leM to phira cAhe Izvara ko karma-niyama kA niyAmaka aura phala pradAtA kaheM yA jIvAtmA ko svayaM hI apane karmoM kA kartA aura phala pradAtA mAne, sthiti meM koI antara nahIM par3atA hai| AcArya haribhadra isI samanvayAtmaka bhUmikA ko sparza karate hue kahate haiM paramaizvaryayuktatvAnmata Atmaiva veshvrH| sa ca karteti nirdoSaH kartRvAdo vyvsthitH||166 kevalajJAnAdi ke atizayoM kI sampannatA hI jIva kA paramaizvarya se sampanna honA hai aura isa paramaizvarya ke kAraNa jIva ko hI Izvara mAnA jAtA hai| isa prakAra jIvamAtra tAttvika dRSTi se paramAtmA hI hai aura vahI svayaM apane acche-bure karmoM kA kartA aura phalapradAtA bhI hai| isa tAttvika dRSTi se karma niyantA ke rUpa meM IzvaravAda bhI nirdoSa aura vyavasthita siddha ho jAtA hai| karmavAdiyoM para IzvaravAdiyoM kA AkSepa aura usakA samAdhAna AkSepa- Izvara eka aisA vyakti honA cAhie ki jo sadA se mukta ho, aura mukta jIvoM kI apekSA bhI jisameM kucha vizeSatA ho| isalie karmavAda kA yaha mAnanA ThIka nahIM ki karma se chUTa jAne para sabhI jIva mukta arthAt Izvara ho jAte haiN| samAdhAna- Izvara cetana hai aura jIva bhI cetana; phira unameM antara hI kyA hai? antara itanA ho sakatA hai ki jIva kI sabhI zaktiyA~ AvaraNoM meM ghirI huI haiM aura Izvara kI nhiiN| para jisa samaya jIva apane AvaraNoM ko haTA detA hai, usa samaya to usakI sabhI zaktiyA~ pUrNa rUpa meM prakAzita ho jAtI haiN| phira jIva aura Izvara meM viSamatA kisa bAta kI? viSamatA kA kAraNa jo aupAdhika karma hai, usake haTa jAne para bhI yadi viSamatA banI rahe to phira mukti hI kyA hai? viSamatA kA rAjya saMsAra taka hI parimita hai Age nhiiN| isalie karmavAda ke anusAra yaha mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM ki sabhI mukta jIva Izvara hI haiM; kevala vizvAsa ke bala para yaha kahanA ki

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374 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa Izvara eka hI honA cAhie ucita nhiiN| sabhI AtmAe~ tAttvika dRSTi se Izvara hI haiM, kevala baMdhana ke kAraNa ve choTe-moTe jIva rUpa meM dekhe jAte haiM- yaha siddhAnta sabhI ko apanA Izvaratva prakaTa karane ke lie pUrNa bala detA hai|67 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta : vikasita svarUpa jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta kA vyavasthita vivecana prApta hotA hai| kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, niyativAda to jaina darzana ke prAsaMgika evaM gauNa vivecya viSaya hai| kintu pUrvakRta karmavAda aura puruSArthavAda jaina darzana ke pramukha vivecya viSaya haiN| "karma siddhAnta" jaina darzana kA kendriya siddhAnta hai| karma-siddhAnta ke vibhinna AyAma jaina darzana meM samAhita haiN| karma siddhAnta meM mAtra karma kI hI vyAkhyA nahIM hai pratyuta AtmakartRtva- bhoktRtvavAda, punarjanmavAda Adi anya pakSa bhI sammilita haiN| ataH AgamakAra kahate haiM- "se AyAvAdI, losAvAdI, kammAvAdI, kiriyAvAdI'168 arthAt AtmA ko jAnane vAlA AtmavAdI, lokavAdI, karmavAdI aura kriyAvAdI hai| pratyeka AtmA kA pRthak astitva aura pRthak karma-saMyojana hai| isalie sabhI jIva apane-apane kamoM ke kartA evaM bhoktA hai, ata: kahA hai- "appA kattA vikattA ya, dahANa ya suhANa y||169 jIva svakarmoM se yA puNya-pApa kI kriyAoM se aSTavidha karmoM se bandhatA hai tathA saMvara aura nirjarA se sabhI karmoM kA kSaya kara mokSa ko prApta karatA hai| bandhana aura mukti kI yaha prakriyA jIva ke eka janma meM pUrNa na hokara kaI janmoM meM pUrNa hotI hai| isalie punarjanma kI mAnyatA bhI karma-siddhAnta kA aMga hai| 'karma siddhAnta' ke AdhArabhUta Agama vAkya isa prakAra haiM- "jaM jArisaM pubamakAsi kamma, tameva Agacchati saMparAe (sUtrakRtAMga), "jahA kaDaM kammA tahAsi bhAre" (sUtrakRtAMga) "suciNNA kammA suciNNaphalA bhaMvati, duciNNa kammA duciNNaphalA bhavaMti" (aupaNAtika sUtra) arthAt jaisA karma kiyA jAtA hai usI ke anurUpa phala milatA hai| AgamoM meM karmasiddhAnta saMkSepa meM prastuta huA, ataH jainAcAryoM ne karmasiddhAnta ko zubhAzubha karma ke vipAka kI vyavasthA ke lie isakA vistAra Avazyaka smjhaa| IzvaravAda, kUTastha AtmavAda, kSaNikavAda Adi ko jaina dArzanika svIkAra nahIM karate, isalie unhoMne karma-siddhAnta ko vyApaka dharAtala para sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| unhoMne karmasiddhAnta ke granthoM kI vRhatstara para racanAe~ kii| isa sambandha meM paNDita sukhalAlajI kahate haiM ki "yadyapi vaidika sAhitya tathA bauddha sAhitya meM karma sambandhI vicAra hai para vaha itanA alpa hai ki usakA koI khAsa grantha

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 375 usa sAhitya meM dRSTigocara nahIM hotA, isake viparIta jaina darzana meM karma-sambandhI vicAra sUkSma, vyavasthita aura ativistRta hai|" isI tathya ko paripuSTa karate hue DaoN. sAgaramala jaina kA kathana hai ki "yadyapi bhAratIya cintana kI jaina, bauddha aura vaidika tInoM paramparAoM meM karmasiddhAnta kA vikAsa huA hai, lekina usake sarvAMgINa vikAsa kA zreya jaina paramparA ko hI hai|" ina vivaraNoM se yahI pratidhvanita hotA hai ki karmasiddhAnta ke AvirbhAva evaM vikAsa meM jaina paramparA kA viziSTa yogadAna hai|570 karma kA artha evaM svarUpa sAdhAraNa loga khAnA, pInA, sonA, calanA Adi kisI bhI halacala ke lie tathA kAma, dhandhe yA vyavasAya ke abhiprAya se "karma" zabda kA prayoga karate haiN| zAstroM meM 'karma' ke vibhinna artha haiN| karmakANDI mImAMsaka yajJayAga Adi kriyA kalApa artha meM; smArta vidvAn cAra varNoM aura cAra AzramoM ke niyata karma rUpa artha meM; vaiyAkaraNa kartA jisako apanI kriyA ke dvArA pAnA cAhatA hai usa artha meM; naiyAyika loga utkSepaNa Adi pA~ca sAMketika karmoM meM 'karma' zabda kA vyavahAra karate haiN| jaina darzana meM kriyA ko hI karma kahA gayA hai aura kriyA meM jIva kI zArIrika, mAnasika evaM vAcika tInoM hI prakAra kI kriyAoM ko samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai| zAstrIya bhASA meM inheM yoga kahA jAtA hai| lekina jaina paramparA meM karma kA yaha kriyAparaka artha 'karma' zabda kI eka AMzika vyAkhyA hI prastuta karatA hai| zeSa AMzika vyAkhyA ko prastuta karate hue AcArya devendra sUri karma ko nimna prakAra se paribhASita karate haiM "kIrai jieNa heuhi, jeNaM to bhaNNae kamma 11 jIva kI kriyA kA jo hetu hai, vaha karma hai| isa prakAra jaina darzana meM kriyA aura kriyA ke hetu yA kAraNa donoM ko karma kahA gayA hai| ___ karma ke do pakSa haiM-1. rAga-dveSa, kaSAya Adi manobhAva, 2.krmpudgl| karmapudgala kriyA kA hetu hai aura rAgadveSAdi kriyA hai| karmapudgala se tAtparya una jar3a paramANuoM se hai jo prANI kI kisI kriyA ke kAraNa AtmA kI ora AkarSita hokara, usase apanA sambandha sthApita kara karmazarIra kI racanA karate haiM aura samaya-vizeSa ke pakane para apane phala ke rUpa meM vizeSa prakAra kI anubhUtiyA~ utpanna kara alaga ho jAte haiN| inheM dravya karma kahate hai| "uktajJAnAvaraNAdidavyakarmodayajanitA Atmano'jJAnarAga- mithyAdarzanAdipariNAmavizeSA bhAvakarmANi' 172 arthAt

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376 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa jJAnAvaraNAdi dravya karmoM ke udaya se hone vAle AtmA ke ajJAna, rAga, mithyAdarzana Adi pariNAmavizeSa bhAva karma haiN| dravya karma ke hone meM bhAvakarma aura bhAvakarma ke hone meM dravyakarma kAraNa hai| jaise vRkSa se bIja aura bIja se vRkSa kI paramparA anAdikAla se calI A rahI hai, isI prakAra dravyakarma se bhAvakarma aura bhAva karma se dravya karma kA silasilA bhI anAdi hai| bandhana ke hetu kaSAya, rAga, dveSa, moha Adi manobhAva bhI AtmA meM svataH utpanna nahIM hote, apitu karma-vargaNA ke vipAka ke phalasvarUpa cetanA ke samparka meM Ane para ye tajjanita manobhAva banate haiN| ye karma-pudgala prANI kI kriyA dvArA usakI ora AkarSita hote haiN| ye hI bandhana ke nimitta haiN| bandhana kI dRSTi se AtmA kI azuddha manovRttiyoM (kaSAya aura moha) aura karma-vargaNA ke pudgaloM meM pArasparika sambandha hai| vastuta: bandhana kI dRSTi se jar3a karma paramANu aura AtmA meM nimitta aura upAdAna kA sambandha hai| karma-pudgala bandhana ke nimitta kAraNa haiM aura AtmA upAdAna kaarnn| jainAcAryoM ne ekAnta rUpa se na to AtmA ko bandhana kA kAraNa mAnA hai aura na hI karmapudgaloM ko, apitu donoM ke pArasparika saMyoga se AtmA bandhana meM AtA hai yaha svIkAra kiyA hai| karmabandha : cAra prakAra bandhana karmasiddhAnta kA mahattvapUrNa viSaya hai| tattvArthasUtrakAra umAsvAti ne isakA svarUpa isa prakAra sUtrabaddha kiyA hai "sakaSAyatvAjjIvaH karmaNo yogyAnpudgalAnAdatte sa bandhaH '673 kaSAya bhAva ke kAraNa jIva kA karma-pudgaloM se AkrAnta ho jAnA bandha hai| jaba koI pravRtti hotI hai, usI kSaNa karma kA bandha ho jAtA hai| yAnI pravRtti kA phala mila jAtA hai| pravRtti kA phala hai-karmoM kA arjn| pratyeka kriyA ke sAthasAtha phala prApta hotA hai, kyoMki pratyeka kriyA pariNAma ko sAtha lie calatI hai| karma kA bandha, karma paramANuoM kA arjana kriyA kA pariNAma hai| yaha pariNAma tatkAla prApta hotA hai; aisA nahIM hotA ki kriyA abhI ho rahI hai aura karma kA baMdha kabhI bAda meM hogaa| jo arjita ho gayA, jo saMgRhIta ho gayA, vaha kaba taka sAtha rahegA-isakA svatantra niyama hai| arjana kA kAla kSaNa bhara kA hai aura upabhoga kA kAla bahuta lambA hai| prANI dIrgha kAla taka arjita karmoM kA upabhoga karatA rahatA hai|

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 377 isa karmabandha kI prakriyA meM bandha kI cAra avasthAe~ banatI haiM ve nimna hai: __ "payaiThiirasapaesA taM cauhA moyagassa diTuMtA'174 karma-bandha laDDa ke dRSTAnta se prakRti, sthiti, rasa aura pradeza kI apekSA se cAra prakAra kA hai1. prakRti bandha- "jJAnapracchAdanAdisvabhAvaH prakRti: 15 arthAt jJAna ko DhakanAdi svabhAva prakRti hai| yaha prakRti bandha karma paramANuoM kI prakRti (svabhAva) kA nizcaya karatA hai arthAt karma ke dvArA AtmA kI jJAnazakti, darzanazakti Adi kisa zakti kA AvaraNa hogA, isa bAta kA nirdhAraNa karma kI prakRti karatI hai| 2. pradeza bandha- "AtmapradezeSu vyardhaguNahAniguNitasamayaprabaddhamAtrANi siddharAzyanantakabhAgapramitAnAmabhavyAjIvasyAnantaguNAnAM sarvakarmaparamANUnAM paraspara- pradezAnupravezalakSaNaH prdeshbndhH| '76 arthAt AtmA ke pradezoM meM aDhAI guNahAni guNita samaya prabaddha mAtra kI sattA rahatI hai tathA pratisamaya siddharAzi ke anantaveM bhAga pramANa yA abhavya jIvoM ke anantaveM samasta karma paramANuoM kA paraspara pradezoM meM anupraveza honA pradezabandha hai| karma paramANu AtmA ke kisa vizeSa bhAga kA AvaraNa kareMge, isakA nizcaya pradeza bandha karatA hai| yaha karmaphala kI vistAra-kSamatA kA nirdhAraka hai| karma-dalikoM kI saMkhyA kI pradhAnatA se karma-paramANuoM kA grahaNa pradeza-bandha kahalAtA hai| 3. sthiti bandha- "jJAnAvaraNIyAdiprakRtInAM jJAnapracchAdanAdisvasvabhAvA parityAgenAvasthAnaM sthitiH, tatkAlacopacArAt' arthAt jJAnAvaraNIya Adi prakRtiyoM kA jJAna ko Dhakane Adi rUpa apane svabhAva ko na chor3ate hue sthita rahanA sthiti hai| usake kAla ko upacAra se sthiti baMdha kahA jAtA hai| karma paramANu kitane samaya taka sattA meM raheMge aura kaba apanA phala denA prArambha kareMge, isa kAla-maryAdA kA nizcaya sthiti-bandha karatA hai| yaha samaya maryAdA kA sUcaka hai| 4. anubhAga bandha- "karmaprakRtInAM tIvramandamadhyamazaktivizeSo'nu bhAga: 1178 arthAt karma prakRtiyoM kI tIvra, manda, madhyama zakti vizeSa ko anubhAga kahate haiN| yaha kamoM ke bandha evaM vipAka kI tIvratA aura mandatA kA nizcaya karatA hai| yaha kamoM kI tIvratA yA gahanatA ko batalAtA hai|

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378 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa "jogA payaDipaesa'179 arthAt prakRtibandha aura pradezabandha ye donoM yogoM kI pravRtti se hote haiN| kevala yogoM kI pravRtti se jo bandha hotA hai vaha sUkhI dIvAra para havA ke jhoMke ke sAtha Ane vAlI retI ke samAna hai| gyArahaveM, bArahaveM aura terahaveM guNasthAna meM kaSAyabhAva ke kAraNa karma kA bandhana isI prakAra kA hotA hai| kaSAyarahita pravRtti se hone vAlA karmabandha nirbala, asthAyI aura nAmamAtra kA hotA hai, isase saMsAra nahIM bddh'taa| "ThiiaNubhAgaM kasAyAu'80 arthAt sthitibandha aura anubhAgabandha kaSAya se hote haiN| yogoM ke sAtha kaSAya kI jo pravRtti hotI hai, usase amuka samaya taka AtmA se pRthaka na hone kI kAlika maryAdA pudgaloM meM nirmita hotI hai| isI kaSAya se jIva aura pudgala paraspara baddha, spRSTa, avagADha aura sneha pratibaddha hai tathA paraspara ekameka hokara rahate haiN|181 karma kI vibhinna avasthAe~ jaina darzana meM karma kI vividha avasthAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| ye avasthAe~ karma ke bandhana, udvartana, sattA, udaya, kSaya Adi se sambandhita haiN| inako mukhya rUpa se 10 bhedoM meM vargIkRta karate hai| ve nimna prakAra haiM-(1) bandhana (2) sattA (3) udaya (4) udIraNA (5) udvartanA (6) apavartanA (7) saMkramaNa (8) upazamana (9) nidhatti (10) nikaacn|| bandhana- kisI viSaya, vastu, vyakti, ghaTanA, paristhiti Adi ke prati anukUlatA meM rAga rUpa pravRtti karane se aura pratikUlatA meM dveSa rUpa pravRtti karane se usake sAtha saMbandha sthApita ho jAtA hai| yaha saMbandha hI bandha hai, bandhana hai| isa prakAra rAga-dveSa karane kA prabhAva cetanA ke guNoM para evaM una guNoM kI abhivyakti se sambandhita mAdhyama zarIra, indriya, mana vANI Adi para par3atA hai| ataH rAga-dveSa rUpa jaisI tIvra yA manda pravRtti hotI hai. vaise hI karma bandhate haiN| jisa prakAra zarIra meM bhojana ke dvArA grahaNa kiyA gayA acchA padArtha zarIra ke lie hitakara aura burA padArtha ahitakara hotA hai isI prakAra AtmA dvArA grahaNa kie gae zubha karma paramANu AtmA ke lie suphala aura saubhAgyazAlI evaM grahaNa kie azubha karma paramANu AtmA ke lie kuphala durbhAgyadAyI hote haiN| sattA- karma pudgala bandhana ke bAda se nirjarA ke pUrva taka AtmA se sambaddha rahate haiM, use sattA kahate haiN| karma vipAka kI kAla-maryAdA ke paripakva na

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3. 4. 379 pUrvakRta karmavAda hone ke kAraNa jitane samaya ke lie AtmA aura karma - pugaloM kA sambandha banA rahatA hai, use sattA kAla kahate haiN| isa avasthA meM karma apanA phala na pradAna karate hue AtmA se sambaddha rahatA hai| sattAkAla ke samApta hone ke bAda hI karma apanA phala dete haiN| udvartanA athavA utkarSaNa- baMdhe hue karma kI sthiti aura rasa ( anubhAga ) kA baDhanA udvartanA kahalAtA hai| karmoM kI sthiti tathA anubhAga kA nizcaya to bandha ke hI samaya jIva meM vidyamAna kaSAya bhAva kI tIvratA ke anusAra ho jAtA hai| kintu bandhe hue karma kI sthiti evaM anubhAga meM vRddhi punaH pahale se adhika pApa pravRtti karane tathA usameM adhika rasa lene se hotI hai| udAharaNArtha- pahale kisI ne Darate-Darate choTI sI vastu curAkara lobha kI pravRtti kI, phira vaha DAkuoM ke giroha meM mila gayA to usakI lobha kI pravRtti kA poSaNa ho gayA, vaha bahuta baDha gaI tathA adhika kAla taka TikAU bhI ho gaI, aba vaha nidhar3aka ho DAkA DAlane va hatyAe~ karane lgaa| isa prakAra usakI pUrva kI lobha kI vRtti kA poSaNa honA, usakI sthiti va rasa (anubhAga) kA bar3ha jAnA "udvartanA yA utkarSaNa" kahA jAtA hai| udIraNA - niyata samaya se pUrva karma kA udaya meM AnA udIraNA hai| jisa prakAra zarIra meM sthita koI vikAra kAlAntara meM roga ke rUpa meM phala dene vAlA hai / TIkA lagavAkara yA davA Adi ke prayatna dvArA pahale hI usa vikAra ko ubhAra kara phala bhoga lene se usa vikAra se mukti mila jAtI hai| zrI kanhaiyAlAlajI lor3hA udIraNA kA manovaijJAnika svarUpa prastuta karate hue kahate haiM ki apane dvArA pUrva meM kie hue pApoM yA doSoM ko smRti paTala para lAkara guru ke samakSa prakaTa karanA, unakI AlocanA karanA, pratikramaNa karanA udIraNA hai| 182 udaya- karma kA phalita honA, udaya hai| isa avasthA meM pUrvabaddha karma apanA phala pradAna karate haiN| udaya do prakAra kA hai- (1) pradezodaya (2) vipaakaudy| sabhI karma apanA phala pradAna karate haiM lekina unameM se kucha karma aise bhI hote haiM jo phala dete hue bhI bhoktA ko phala kI anubhUti nahIM karAte haiM aura nirjarita ho jAte haiN| aise karmoM kA udaya pradezodaya kahalAtA hai| jaise- oNparezana karate samaya acetana avasthA meM zalyakriyA

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380 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa kI vedanA kI anubhUti nahIM hotii| kaSAya ke abhAva meM IryApathika kriyA ke kAraNa jo bandha hotA hai usakA mAtra pradezodaya hotA hai| jo karma paramANu apanI phalAnubhUti karavAkara AtmA se nirjarita hote haiM, unakA udaya vipAkodaya kahalAtA hai| vipAkodaya kI avasthA meM to pradezodaya hotA hI hai, lekina pradezodaya kI avasthA meM vipAkodaya ho hI, yaha anivArya nahIM hai| apavartana yA apakarSaNa- pUrva meM bandhe hue karmoM kI sthiti evaM anubhAga (rasa) ko vartamAna ke karma dvArA nyUna kara denA apavartana hai| apavartana udvartana se viparIta avasthA hai| pahale kisI azubha karma kA bandha karane ke pazcAt jIva yadi acche karma karatA hai to usake pahale bAndhe hue karmoM kI sthiti va phaladAna zakti ghaTa jAtI hai| jaise- zreNika ne pahale krUra karma karake sAtavIM naraka kI Ayu kA bandha kara liyA thaa| bAda meM vaha bhagavAna mahAvIra kI zaraNa va samavazaraNa meM AyA to use samyaktva prApta huaa| jisake kAraNa use kRta karmoM para pAzcAttApa huA to zubha bhAvoM ke prabhAva se usakI bAndhI huI sAtavIM naraka kI Ayu ghaTakara pahale naraka kI raha gii| jaina karma siddhAnta meM udvartana evaM apavartana kI avasthAoM se yaha pratidhvanita hotA hai ki prayatna vizeSa se pUrva baddha karma kI kAla, sthiti evaM phala kI tIvratA ko mandatA meM parivartana kiyA jA sakatA hai| 7. saMkramaNa- karma-prakRti ke pudgaloM kA pariNamana anya sajAtIya prakRti meM ho jAnA saMkramaNa kahalAtA hai| jIva ke vartamAna pariNAmoM ke kAraNa se jo prakRti baMdhI thI, usakA nyUnAdhika va anya prakRti rUpa parivartana va pariNamana ho jAnA karma kA saMkramita honA hai| isa prakAra avAntara karmaprakRtiyoM (uttara karmaprakRtiyA~) kA adala-badala honA saMkramaNa ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai| isameM AtmA pUrvabaddha karmoM kI avAntara prakRtiyoM, samayAvadhi, tIvratA evaM parimANa (mAtrA) ko parivartita karatA hai| udAharaNArtha-pUrva meM baddha duHkhada saMvedana rUpa asAtAvedanIya karma kA navIna sAtAvedanIya karma kA bandha karate samaya hI sAtAvedanIya karmaprakRti ke sAtha milAkara usakA sAtAvedanIya karma meM saMkramaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| saMkramaNa karmoM ke avAntara bhedoM meM hI hotA hai, mUla bhedoM meM nahIM hotA hai arthAt jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA Ayu karma meM saMkramaNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isI prakAra kucha avAntara karma aise haiM jinakA rUpAntara

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8. pUrvakRta karmavAda 381 nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / jaise-darzana mohanIya aura cAritra mohanIya karma kA rUpAntara nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra AyuSya karma bhI eka dUsare meM saMkramita nahIM hote, jaise- narakAyu ke manuSyAyu meM yA tiyaMcAyu se manuSyAyu meM Adi / saMkramaNa ke cAra bheda haiM- (1) prakRti saMkramaNa (2) sthiti saMkramaNa (3) anubhAga saMkramaNa (4) pradeza saMkramaNa / upazamanaM - karmoM ke vidyamAna rahate hue bhI unake phala dene kI zakti ko kucha samaya ke lie dabA denA yA unheM kisI kAla-vizeSa ke lie phala dene meM akSama banA denA upazamana hai| sattA aura upazamana meM mukhya antara hai ki sattA meM karmavipAka svAbhAvika rUpa se sthagita rahatA hai jabaki upazamana meM karmavipAka ko sthagita kiyA jAtA hai| upazamana kI tulanA rAkha se DhakI huI agni se kI jA sakatI hai| jisa prakAra rAkha se dabI huI agni usa AvaraNa ke dUra hote hI punaH prajvalita ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra upazamana kI avasthA ke samApta hote hI karma punaH udaya meM Akara apanA phala detA hai| nidhatti - jisameM karmoM kA udaya aura saMkramaNa na ho sake kintu udvartana - apavartana kI saMbhAvanA ho, vaha nidhatti hai| jaise-maleriyA, tapedika, haijA Adi ke viSANu zarIra meM bhItara praveza ho jAya aura vahA~ unameM bAharI prabhAva se hAni-vRddhi hotI rahe, parantu ve bAhara meM roga ke rUpa meM prakaTa nahIM ho tathA davA ke prabhAva se bhI unakA rUpAntaraNa nahIM ho / isI prakAra sattA meM sthita jina karmoM kA kaSAya ke ghaTane-bar3hane se unake sthiti va anubhAga meM ghaTa-bar3ha, apakarSaNa- utkarSaNa ho parantu unakA saMkramaNa arthAt anya prakRti rUpa rUpAntaraNa tathA udaya nahIM ho aisI karma kI avasthA nidhatti kahalAtI hai| yaha cAra prakAra kI hai- (1) prakRti nidhatti (2) sthiti nidhatti (3) anubhAva nidhatti (4) pradeza nidhatti / 10. nikAcanA- isa avasthA meM karmoM ko usI rUpa meM bhoganA anivArya hotA hai, jisa rUpa meM una karmoM kA bandha huA karatA hai| isameM na to karmoM kI udIraNA sambhava hai aura na udvartanA- apavartanA / nikAcanA kI sthiti meM karmoM kA bandhana itanA pragAr3ha hotA hai ki usakI kAla maryAdA evaM tIvratA (parimANa) meM koI parivartana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai aura na hI samaya ke pUrva usakA bhoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaise- AgAmI bhava kA baMdhA huA Ayu krm|

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382 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa aSTavidha karma aura unakI uttara prakRtiyA~ karma paramANuoM dvArA AtmA kI vibhinna zaktiyoM ke prakaTa hone meM avarodha paidA kiyA jAtA hai| usa avarodha ke bhedoM ke anusAra karma-vibhAga kiye jAte haiN| ve ATha prakAra ke haiM-1. jJAnavaraNIya, 2. darzanAvaraNIya, 3. vedanIya, 4. mohanIya, 5. AyuSya, 6. nAma, 7. gotra, 8. antraay|83 inako mUla prakRtiyA~ kahate haiM tathA inake avAntara bheda ko uttara prakRtiyA~ kahate haiN| ina prakRtiyoM ke sambandha meM AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga meM koI ullekha nahIM hai tathA sthAnAMga va bhagavatI meM ATha mUlaprakRtiyoM kA hI vivaraNa hai| samavAyAMga meM darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura nAma karma kI uttaraprakRtiyoM ko chor3akara zeSa karmoM kI uttaraprakRtiyoM kI carcA hai| prajJApanA meM karma kI mUla evaM unakI uttara prakRtiyoM kA pUrNa vivaraNa hai|184 1. jJAnAvaraNIya karma- jo AtmA ke vizeSa grahaNa rUpa jJAna guNa ko DhakatA hai, vaha jJAnAvaraNIya karma hai| jisa prakAra bAdala sUrya ke prakAza ko Avarita karate haiM, to sUrya kA prakAza tirohita ho jAtA hai usI prakAra jJAnAvaraNIya karma AtmA kI sahaja jJAna kI upalabdhi meM bAdhaka hotA hai jisase AtmA kA jJAna prakaTa nahIM ho pAtA hai| jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa karma ke udaya se jIva ke jJAna darzana guNa para mAtra AvaraNa AtA hai, usase jJAna-darzana guNa pUrNatayA naSTa nahIM hote| jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke bheda- "paMcavihe pnnnntte| taMjahA-AbhiNibohiyaNANavaraNijje jAva kevalaNANAvaraNijje'85 jJAnavaraNIya karma pA~ca prakAra ke kahe gae haiM - (1) matijJAnAvaraNa (2) zrutajJAnAvaraNa (3) avadhijJAnAvaraNa (4) mana:paryAyajJAnAvaraNa (5) kevljnyaanaavrnn| aindrika evaM mAnasika jJAna-kSamatA para AvaraNa matijJAnAvaraNa hai| bauddhika athavA AgamajJAna kI anupalabdhi honA zrutajJAnAvaraNa hai| atIndriya jJAna kSamatA para AvaraNa avadhijJAnAvaraNa hai| para mAnasika avasthAoM kI jJAna-prApti kA abhAva manaHparyAyajJAnAvaraNa hai| pUrNajJAna prApta karane kI kSamatA para AvaraNa kevalajJAnAvaraNa hai| 2. darzanAvaraNIya karma- jo AtmA ke sAmAnya-grahaNa rUpa darzana guNa ko rokatA hai, vaha darzanAvaraNIya karma hai| isake pariNAmasvarUpa jIva padArtha kA yathArtha darzana nahIM kara paataa| isa karma kI tulanA daravAje para khar3e dvArapAla se kI jA sakatI hai, jo rAjA ke darzana meM bAdhaka banatA hai| isI prakAra darzanAvaraNIya karma vyakti ke aindrika-saMvedana meM bAdhaka banatA hai|

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 383 darzanAvaraNIya karma ke bheda-"paMcavihe pnnnntte| taMjahA-NiddA jAva thiinngiddhii| caubbihe pnnnnte| taMjahA-cakkhudaMsaNAvaraNijje jAva kevaladasaNA- vrnnijje| 186 darzanAvaraNIya karma kI 9 uttaraprakRtiyA~ hai, ve isa prakAra haiM- (1) cakSudarzanAvaraNa (2) acakSudarzanAvaraNa (3) avadhidarzanAvaraNa (4) kevaladarzanAvaraNa (5) nidrA (6) nidrAnidrA (7) pracalA (8) pracalApracalA (9) styaangRddhi| netra-zakti kA avaruddha ho jAnA cakSudarzanAvaraNa hai| netra ke atirikta zeSa indriyoM kI sAmAnya anubhava zakti para AvaraNa A jAnA acakSudarzanAvaraNa hai| atIndriya darzana kI upalabdhi meM avarodha AnA avadhidarzanAvaraNa hai| trikAlika ghaTanAoM ke bodha kA Avarita honA kevaladarzanAvaraNa hai| sAmAnya zayana nidrA hai| gaharI nIMda nidrAnidrA hai| baiThe-baiThe Ane vAlI nidrA pracalA hai| calate-phirate Ane vAlI nidrA pracalA-pracalA hai| dina athavA rAtri meM soce hue kArya-vizeSa ko suptAvasthA meM sampanna karane kA sAmarthya utpanna honA styAnagRddhi hai| 3. vedanIya karma- jo sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karAe, vaha vedanIya karma hai| vedanIya karma ke bheda-"duvihe pnnnntte| taMjahA-sAtAveyaNijje ya asAtAveyaNijje ya87 vedanIya karma do prakAra kA hai- (1) sAtAvedanIya (2) asaataavedniiy| anukUla viSayoM kI prApti se hone vAlA sukha kA saMvedana sAtAvedanIya hai tathA pratikUla viSayoM kI prApti se hone vAlA duHkha kA saMvadena asAtAvedanIya hai| . 4. mohanIya karma- jo AtmA ko mohita kare, vaha mohanIya karma hai| ina karma paramANuoM se AtmA kI viveka zakti kuNThita hotI hai| jaise- madirA Adi nazIlI vastuoM ke sevana se vyakti kA viveka aura caritra dUSita ho jAtA hai, ThIka usI prakAra mohanIya karma ke kAraNa vyakti kI dRSTi aura AcaraNa dUSita ho jAtA hai| mohanIya karma ke bheda-"duvihe pnnnntte| taMjahA-daMpaNamohaNijje ya caritramohaNijje ya... duguMchA'8 mohanIya karma ke mukhya do bheda haiM- (1) darzana (2) caaritr| avAntara bheda kula 28 haiN| samyaktvamohanIya karma meM kucha kSaNa ke lie jIva meM samyaktva kI vyutpatti hotI hai aura puna: malinatA A jAtI hai| mithyAtvamohanIya karma ke udaya se jIva kI tattva zraddhA mithyA hotI hai| samyaktva tathA mithyAtva kA samanvita rUpa mizramohanIya karma hai| ye tInoM bheda darzana mohanIya ke haiN|

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384 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa cAritra mohanIya ke do bheda haiM-(1) kaSAya mohanIya (2) nokaSAya mohniiy| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha kI vaha tIvratA jo jIva ke samyaktva guNoM kA ghAta karake ananta kAla taka saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karAye, anantAnubandhI krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha kahalAtA hai| jisa kaSAyacatuSka ke udaya se AtmA ke dezavirati cAritra kA ghAta hotA hai, use apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha kahate haiN| jisa kaSAyacatuSka ke udaya se AtmA ko sarvavirati cAritra prApta karane meM bAdhA hai| vaha pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha hotA hai| jisa kaSAyacatuSka ke udaya se AtmA ko yathAkhyAta cAritra kI prApti na ho use saMjvalana krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha kahate haiN| ye kaSAya mohanIya ke 16 avAntara bheda haiN| jisa karma ke udaya se jIva meM kAraNavaza athavA akAraNa hI hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya athavA jugupsA hotI hai use hAsyAdi nokaSAya mohanIya karma kahA jAtA hai| strI ko puruSa ke sAtha, puruSa ko strI ke sAtha aura napuMsaka ko puruSa va strI ke sAtha saMbhoga kI icchA kramaza: strIveda-puruSaveda-napuMsakaveda nokaSAya mohanIya karma kahalAtA hai| ye nokaSAya mohanIya ke 9 bheda haiN| 5. AyuSya karma- jo karma paramANu AtmA ko vibhinna zarIroM meM niyata avadhi taka kaida rakhate haiM, unheM AyuSya karma kahate haiN| ___ AyuSya karma ke bheda- "caubihe pnnnntte| taMjahA-NeraDyAue jAva devAue'89 AyuSya karma kI cAra uttara prakRtiyA~ hai- (1) devAyu (2) manuSyAyu (3) tithaMcAyu (4) nrkaayu| jisake kAraNa devagati prApta ho vaha devAyu, jisa nimitta se manuSya yoni mile vaha manuSyAyu, jisake phalasvarUpa tiyaMcagati mile vaha tiryaMcAyu tathA jisake pariNAmasvarUpa narakagati bhoganI par3e vaha narakAyu kahalAtI hai| 6. nAma karma- citrakAra kI taraha jo AtmA ko nAnA yoniyoM meM narakAdi paryAyoM dvArA nAmAMkita karAtA hai, vaha nAma karma hai| isa karma ke kAraNa jIva nAraka, tiryaca, manuSya, deva Adi vividha zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai| nAma karma jIva ke vyaktitva kA eka pramukha nirdhAraka tattva hai| nAma karma ke bheda- "bAyAlIsaivihe pnnnntte| taMjahA gatiNAme...... apasatthavihAya- gatiNAme ya'90 nAma karma kI kevala mUla prakRtiyoM ke avAntara bhedoM kI gaNanA kI dRSTi se 42 bheda hai tathA nAmakarma kI mUla prakRtiyoM ke avAntara bhedoM kI gaNanA se 67, 93, 103 bheda bhI batAe gae haiN| ye do prakAra kI hai- (1) piNDa prakRtiyA~ (2) pratyeka prkRtiyaaN|

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 385 piNDa prakRtiyA~-uttara prakRtiyA~ sahita1. gatinAma karma- (1) naraka gati (2) tiryaca gati (3) manuSya gati (4) deva gti| jAtinAma karma-(1) ekendriya (2) beindriya (3) teindriya (4) caturindriya (5) pNcendriy| zarIranAma karma- (1) audArika (2) AhAraka (3) vaikriya (4) tejasa (5) kaarmnn| aMgopAMganAma karma- (1) audArika (2) vaikriya (3) aahaark| bandhananAma karma- (1) audArika (2) AhAraka (3) vaikriya (4) tejasa (5) kaarmnn| ye pA~ca athavA 15 bandhana nAma karma isa prakAra haiM(1) audArika-audArika bandhana nAma (2) audArika-tejasa bandhana nAma (3) audArika-kArmaNa bandhana naam| (4) vaikriya-vaikriya bandhana nAma (5) vaikriya-tejasa bandhana nAma (6) vaikriya-kArmaNa bandhana nAma (7) AhAraka-AhAraka bandhana nAma (8) AhAraka-tejasa bandhana nAma (9) AhAraka-kArmaNa bandhana nAma (10) audArika-tejasa kArmaNa bandhana nAma (11) vaikriya-tejasa-kArmaNa bandhana nAma (12) AhAraka-tejasa kArmaNa bandhana nAma (13) tejasa- tejasa bandhana nAma (14) tejasa kArmaNa bandhana nAma (15) kArmaNa-kArmaNa bandhana naam| saMghAta nAma karma- (1) audArika (2) vaikriya (3) AhAraka (4) tejasa (5) kaarmnn| saMhanana nAma karma- (1) vajraRSabhanArAca (2) RSabhanArAca (3) nArAca (4) arddhanAraca (5) kIlikA (6) chevtttth| saMsthAna nAma karma- (1) samacaturana-saMsthAna (2) nyagrodha-parimaNDala (3) sAdi saMsthAna (4) kubja (5) vAmana (6) hunnddk| varNanAma karma- (1) kRSNa (2) nIla (3) lohita (4) hAridra (5) sit| gandhanAma karma- (1) surabhi-sugandha nAma karma (2) durabhi-durgandha nAma krm| rasanAma karma- (1) tiktarasa (2) kaTurasa (3) kaSAyarasa (4) amla (5) mdhu|

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386 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 12. sparzanAma karma- (1) guru (2) laghu (3) mRdu (4) khara (5) zIta (6) uSNa (7) snigdha (8) rukSA 13. AnupUrvInAma karma- (1) devAnupUrvI (2) manuSyAnupUrvI (3) tiryaMcAnupUrvI (4) nrkaanupuurvii| 14. vihAyogati- (1) zubha vihAyogati (2) azubha vihaayogti| gatinAmakarma ke prabhAva se jIva manuSyAdi gatiyoM meM jAtA hai| jAtinAmakarma ke nimitta se ekendriya, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura paMcendriya jAti prApta karatA hai| zarIranAmakarma ke kAraNa jIva ko audArika, vaikriya, Adi zarIroM kI prApti hotI hai| aMgopAMganAmakarma ke udaya se jIva ke vividha aMgoM aura upAMgoM ko eka nizcita svarUpa milatA hai| bandhananAmakarma dvArA grahaNa kiye hue audArika Adi zarIra pudgaloM ke sAtha gRhyamANa audArika Adi pudgaloM kA Apasa meM sambandha sthApita hotA hai| isake 15 bheda vibhinna zarIroM ke pArasparika sambandha ke sUcaka haiN| jisa karma ke udaya se zarIra yogya pudgala prathama grahaNa kiye hue zarIra pudgaloM para vyavasthita rUpa se sthApita kiye jAte haiM, use saMghAtanAmakarma kahate haiN| jisa karma ke prabhAva se zarIra ke haDDiyoM kI sandhiyA~ dRDha hotI hai, use saMhanananAmakarma kahate hai| saMsthAnanAmakarma ke kAraNa zubhatA evaM azubhatA kI dRSTi se zarIra ke pRthak-pRthak AkAra nirmita hote haiN| varNanAmakarma zarIra ke vividha vargoM ko nirdhArita karatA hai| jisa karma ke udaya se zarIra meM zubha yA azubha gandha ho, use gandhanAmakarma kahate haiN| rasanAmakarma ke udaya se zarIra meM tikta, madhura Adi zubha evaM azubha rasoM kI niSpatti hotI hai| jisa karma ke prabhAva se zarIra kA sparza karkaza, mRdu, snigdha, rukSa Adi rUpa ho, use sparzanAmakarma kahate haiN| jisa karma ke udaya se jIva vigrahagati meM apane utpatti sthAna para pahu~catA hai, use AnupUrvInAmakarma kahate haiN| jisa karma ke udaya se jIva kI cAla zubha yA azubha hotI hai, use vihAyogatinAmakarma kahate haiN| pratyeka prakRtiyA~ (1) parAghAta (2) ucchvAsa (3) Atapa (4) udyota (5) agurulaghu (6) tIrthakara (7) nirmANa (8) upghaat| trasadazaka kI pratyeka prakRtiyA~ - (1) trasanAma (2) bAdaranAma (3) paryAptanAma (4) pratyekanAma (5) sthiranAma (6) zubhanAma (7) subhaganAma (8)susvaranAma (9) AdeyanAma (10) ysh:kiirtinaam|

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 387 sthAvara dazaka kI pratyeka prakRtiyA~- (1) sthAvaranAma (2) sUkSmanAma (3) aparyAptanAma (4) sAdhAraNanAma (5) asthiranAma (6) azubhanAma (7) durbhaganAma (8) duHsvaranAma (9) anAdeyanAma (10) aysh:kiirtinaam| jisa karma ke udaya se jIva baDe-baDe balavAnoM kI dRSTi meM bhI ajeya samajhA jAtA hai, use parAghAtanAmakarma kahate haiN| zvAsa lene aura chor3ane kI kriyA ko ucchvAsanAmakarma kahate haiN| AtapanAmakarma se sUryamaNDala ke bAdara pRthivIkAyika jIvoM kA zarIra uSNa na hokara unakA prakAza uSNa hotA hai| udyotanAmakarma se jIva kA zarIra zIta prakAza phailAtA hai| jisake kAraNa jIva kA zarIra na halkA hotA hai aura na bhArI vaha agurulaghunAmakarma kahalAtA hai| kevalajJAna ke utpanna hone para hI tIrthakaranAmakarma kA udaya hotA hai| aMga-upAMga kA vyavasthita svarUpa nirmANanAmakarma se hotA hai| jisake kAraNa zarIra ke vividha avayava yathAsthAna vyavasthita nahIM hote, vaha upAghAtanAmakarma hai| jisa karma ke prabhAva se trasakAyaM kI prApti ho, jasanAmakarma kahate haiM / jisa karma ke udaya se jIva ko bAdara kAya kI prApti ho, use bAdaranAmakarma kahate haiN| jisa karma ke udaya se jIva apanI-apanI paryAptiyoM se yukta hote haiM, vaha paryAptanAmakarma hai| jisake udaya se eka zarIra kA svAmI eka hI jIva hotA hai vaha pratyekanAmakarma hai| sthiranAmakarma ke udaya se dA~ta haDDI grIvA Adi apane sunizcita sthAna para hote haiN| zubhanAmakarma zarIra ke avayavoM kI zubhatA ko sUcita karatA hai| subhaganAmakarma se akAraNa hI jIva lokapriya banatA hai| susvaranAmakarma ke udaya se jIva kI AvAja madhura evaM susvara hotI hai| AdeyanAmakarma ke udaya se jIva kA vacana sarvamAnya hotA hai| yaza-kIrtinAmakarma se jIva kA saMsAra meM yaza phailatA hai| sthAvaranAmakarma ke udaya se jIva meM sthira hone kI pravRtti vikasita hotI hai| sakSamanAmakarma se jIva ko zarIra halkA yA bhArI na mile| aparyAptanAmakarma se jIva kI paryAptiyA~ pUrNa nahIM hotii| sAdhAraNanAmakarma ke udaya se ananta jIva eka karma ke svAmI banate haiN| asthiranAmakarma ke udaya se zarIra ke vividha avayava asthira hote haiN| azubhanAmakarma nAbhi ke nIce ke vividha avayavoM kI azubhatA ko sUcita karate haiN| durbhaganAmakarma se upakAra karake bhI apriya banatA hai| daHsvaranAmakarma se karkaza evaM apriya vacana kA uccAraNa hotA hai| jisa karma ke udaya se yuktiyukta vacana bhI agrAhya samajhe jAe, vaha anAdeya nAma karma hai| ayaza:kIrtinAmakarma ke udaya se jIva loka meM apayaza evaM apakIrti prApta karatA hai|

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388 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa isa prakAra nAmakarma kI piNDa prakRtiyoM meM bandhana nAmakarma ke 5 bheda mAnane para nAmakarma ke kula 65 bheda hote haiN| piNDa prakRtiyoM ke 65 evaM pratyeka prakRtiyoM ke 28 bhedoM ko jor3ane para nAmakarma ke 93 bheda hote haiM aura bandhanAmakarma ke 5 ke sthAna para 15 bhedoM ko lene para nAma karma ke kula 103 bheda hote haiN| 7, gotra karma- jo AtmA ko ucca athavA nIca kula meM vyavahRta karavAtA hai, vaha gotra karma hai| gotra karma ke bheda-"duvihe pnnnntte| taMjahA uccagoe ya NIyAgoe ca'111 (1) gotra karma do prakAra kA hotA hai- (1) ucca gotra (2) nIca gotr| ucca gotra-karma ke abhyudaya se jIva ucca kula meM janma letA hai| nIca gotra karma ke kAraNa jIva nIca kula meM janma letA hai| 8. antarAya karma- bhaNDArI kI taraha jo dAtA aura pAtra Adi ke bIca meM Akara AtmA ke dAna Adi meM vighna DAlatA hai, vaha antarAya karma hai| yaha karma abhISTa kI upalabdhi meM bAdhA pahu~cAtA hai| ___antarAya karma ke bheda- "paMcavihe pnnnntte| taMjahA-dANataMrAie jAva vIriyaMtarAie'192 antarAya pA~ca prakAra kA hai-1. dAnAntarAya, 2. lAbhAntarAya, 3. bhogAntarAya, 4. upabhogAntarAya, 5. viiryaantraay| jisa karma ke kAraNa jIva ko dAna dene kA utsAha na ho, vaha dAnAntarAya karma hai| jisa karma ke udaya se use iSTa vastu kI prApti na ho, vaha lAbhAntarAya karma hai| jisa karma ke udaya se bhogya vastuoM ke vidyamAna hone para bhI inakA bhoga na ho sake, vaha bhogAntarAya karma hai| jIva jisa karma ke prabhAva se upabhoga sAmagrI kA upabhoga na kara sake, vaha upabhogAntarAya karma hai| kisI kArya-vizeSa meM vyakti kA parAkrama na dikhA pAnA yA apanI sAmarthya kA sadupayoga kara pAnA, vIryAntarAya karma hai| karmabandha ke hetu jaina darzana meM bandhana kA hetu Asrava hai| Asrava se abhiprAya haikarmavargaNAoM kA AtmA meM aanaa| Ane ke dvAra mana-vacana-kAyA rUpI tInoM yoga haiN| jise Asrava ke rUpa meM paribhASita karate hue umAsvAti kahate haiM"kAyavAGmanaHkarma yogaH, sa AsravaH 192 arthAt mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika pravRttiyA~ Amrava haiN| yaha Asrava puNya rUpa aura pApa rUpa donoM prakAra kA ho sakatA hai| ataH kahA hai- "zubhaH puNyasyAzubha: pApasya'94 arthAt jIva kI

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 389 puNya-pravRttiyoM se zubha karma kA Asrava hotA hai tathA azubha pravRttiyoM se pApa karma kA Asrava hotA hai| ye Asrava dvAra bandha ke hetu kahalAte haiN| samavAyAMga sUtra meM jinakA nAmoccAraNa isa prakAra huA hai- "paMca AsavadArA pannattA tajaMhA - micchattaM, aviraI, pamAyA, kasAyA, jogA' - 1195 arthAt mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga - ye pA~ca Asrava dvAra haiN| 1. mithyAtva - padArtha kA yathArtha zraddhAna na hokara mithyA zraddhAna honA, mithyAtva hai| yaha mithyAtva do taraha se phalita hotA hai - (1) vastu viSayaka yathArtha zraddhAna kA abhAva (2) vastu kA ayathArtha zraddhAn arthAt kisI padArtha ke yathArtha svarUpa ko asatya mAnakara usake ayathArtha svarUpa ko hI satya mAna baiThanA / yathA - zarIra Adi jar3a padArthoM meM caitanya buddhi, atattva meM tattva buddhi aura adharma meM dharma buddhi Adi viparIta bhAvanA / mithyAtva ayathArtha dRSTikoNa se pA~ca prakAra kA hai- 1. ekAnta, 2. viparIta, 3. vinaya, 4. saMzaya aura 5. ajJAna / 2. avirati - zubha pravRttiyoM se virata honA hI avirati hai| isameM jIva pApakAryoM AsravadvAroM, indriya aura mana ke viSayoM se virakta nahIM hotA hai isalie vaha avirata jIva hiMsA, asatya, stenakarma, maithuna, saMcaya Adi durvRttiyoM meM saMlagna rahatA hai| aise vyakti kA tyAga ke prati anutsAha aura bhoga meM utsAha hotA hai| yaha jIvana kI asaMyamita aura maryAdita praNAlI hai| isake pA~ca bheda haiM-1, hiMsA, 2. asatya, 3. steyavRtti, 4 maithuna ( kAmavAsanA) 5. parigraha | . 3. pramAda- kaSAya evaM vAsanAoM ke tIvra Avega ke kAraNa AtmacetanA kA prasupta honA hI pramAda hai| pramAda viveka zakti ko kuNThita karatA hai| pramAda ke kAraNa manuSya dharma kAryoM ko nahIM kara pAtA, karttavya-akarttavya meM asAvadhAnI baratatA hai, zubha pariNati meM utsAha nahIM rakhatA, mokSa-mArga kI ora gati nahIM kara pAtA hai| pramAda ko hiMsA kA mukhya kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| dUsare prANI kA ghAta ho yA na ho, phira bhI pramAdI vyakti ko hiMsA kA doSa nizcita rUpa se lagatA hai| ataH bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA hai- "samayaM goyama mA pamAyae" arthAt he gautama! kSaNamAtra kA bhI pramAda na kara / 4. kaSAya- AtmA ke kaluSita pariNAma kaSAya hai| kaSAya hI janma-maraNa ke mUla kAraNa haiN| kaSAya krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ke bheda se cAra prakAra ke

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390 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa kahe gae haiN| ye jIva kI zubha bhAvanAoM ko kRza karate haiN| krodha kaSAya ke kAraNa AtmA svabhAva se vaMcita hokara Akroza se bhara jAtA hai| mAnakaSAya ke prabhAva se jIva meM Atma-pradarzana kI mithyA bhAvanA jAgRta hotI hai| mAyA ke kAraNa jIva ke AcAra evaM vicAroM meM ekarUpatA na rahakara usameM eka taraha kI kapaTa-pravRtti vikasita hotI hai| lobha kaSAya ke kAraNa mamatva kI bhAvanA jAgRta hotI hai| yaha kaSAya saMgraha-vRtti ko janma detI hai| ataH kaSAya mana ke Antarika manovikAra hai| 5. yoga- yoga kA artha hai prvRtti| yaha zubha aura azubha donoM prakAra kI hotI hai| zubha yoga kI pravRtti se puNya kA aura azubha yoga kI pravRtti se pApa kA Asrava hotA hai| isake 3 bheda haiM-mana, vacana aura kaayaa| mana, vacana aura kAyA se hone vAlI AtmA kI kriyA karma paramANuoM ke sAtha AtmA kA yoga arthAt sambandha karAtI hai, etadartha ise yoga kahA gayA hai| bandhana ke ukta pA~ca kAraNoM meM kaSAya aura yoga- ye do mahattvapUrNa haiN| kyoMki mithyAtva, avirati aura pramAda ke mUla to kaSAya hI haiN| karmabandha kI vistRta vyAkhyA ke lie mithyAtvAdi pA~coM ko karmabandha kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| parantu kaSAya evaM yoga hI karmabandha ke mUla kAraNa haiM, jinameM bandhanakAraka jIva ke sampUrNa manovikAroM kA samAveza hai| bandhana na to zarIra meM hai, na indriyoM meM hai aura na hI bAhara kisI anya vastu meM, balki inake nimitta se mana meM rAga evaM dveSa jo bhAva utpanna hote haiM, una bhAvoM ke kAraNa hI bandhana hotA hai| ata: kahA hai- "rAgo ya doso vi ya kammabIyaM16 arthAt rAga aura dveSa karma ke bIja haiN| isake atirikta jaina sAhitya meM aSTavidha karma ke bandha ke pRthak kAraNoM kA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai| karmabandha ke viziSTa kAraNa tattvArtha sUtra aura karmagrantha meM jJAnAvaraNIya Adi aSTavidha karmoM ke bandha ke kAraNoM kA sUtrAbaddha varNana milatA hai1-2. jJAnAvaraNIya darzanAvaraNIya-karmabandha ke kAraNa "tatpradoSanihanavamAtsaryAntarAyAsAdanopaghAtA jJAnadarzanAvaraNayo:1197 arthAt pradoSa, nihnava, mAtsarya, antarAya, AsAdana tathA upaghAta ye jJAnAvaraNa va darzanAvaraNa karma ke bandha hetu haiN| (1) jJAnI aura samyak dRSTi kI nindA karanA athavA usake prati akRtajJa honA (2) jJAnI kA upakAra svIkAra nahIM karanA tathA mithyA mAnyatAoM kA pratipAdana karanA (3) jJAna prApti tathA zuddha dRSTikoNa kI upalabdhi meM bAdhaka bananA

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 391 (4) jJAnI aura samyak dRSTi ke prati dveSa rakhanA (5) jJAnI aura samyak dRSTi kA samucita vinaya evaM sammAna nahIM karanA 6. vidvAn aura samyak dRSTi ke sAtha mithyAgraha sahita vivAda krnaa| ina 6 prakAra ke azubha AcaraNa ke dvArA jJAnAvaraNIya aura darzanAvaraNIya karma kA bandha hotA hai| karmagrantha meM bhI uparyukta 6 kAraNa mAnya hai| 198 3. asAtA-sAtAvedanIya karmabandha ke kAraNa "duHkhazokatApAkrandanavadhaparidevanAnyAtmaparobhayasthAnyasa' duHkhazokatApAkrandanavadhaparidevanAnyAtmaparobhayasthAnyasa "bhUtavratyanukampA dAnaM sarAgasaMyamAdiyogaH kSAntiH zaucamiti sadvedyAsya'200 1. duHkha, 2. zoka, 3. tApa, 4. Akrandana, 5. vadha, 6. parivedana ye 6 asAtAvedanIya karma ke bandha ke kAraNa haiM, jo 'sva' aura 'para' kI apekSA se 12 prakAra ke ho jAte haiN| karmagrantha meM guru kA avinaya, akSamA, krUratA, avirati, yogAbhyAsa nahIM karanA, kaSAyayukta honA tathA dAna evaM zraddhA kA abhAva asAtAvedanIya karma ke kAraNa mAne gae haiN|01 bhUta-anukampA, vratI-anukampA, dAna, sarAgasaMyamAdi yoga, kSAnti aura zauca - ye sAtAvedanIya karmabandha ke hetu haiN| karmagrantha meM sAtAvedanIya karma ke bandhana kA kAraNa gurubhakti, kSamA, karuNA, vratapAlana, yogasAdhanA, kaSAya-vijaya, dAna aura dRr3ha zraddhA mAnA gayA hai|02 4. darzana aura cAritra mohanIya karmabandha ke kAraNa "kevalizrutasaMGgha dharmadevAvarNavAdo darzanamohasya'203 "kaSAyodayAttIvrapariNAmazcAritramohasya'204 sarvajJa zruta, saMgha, dharma aura deva ke avarNavAda (nindA) ke darzanamoha tathA kaSAya janita AtmapariNAma ko cAritramoha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| karmagrantha ke anusAra unmArga dezanA, sanmArga kA apalApa, dhArmika sampatti kA apaharaNa aura tIrthakara, muni, caitya aura dharmasaMgha ke pratikUla AcaraNa darzanamoha bandha ke kAraNa haiM tathA kaSAya, hAsyAdi aura viSayoM ke adhIna honA cAritra moha karma bandhana ke kAraNa haiN|05 5. naraka-tiryaca-manuSya-deva AyuSya karmabandha ke kAraNa "bahvArambhaparigrahatvaM ca nArakasyAyuSaH 1206 "mAyA tairyagyonasya'R07 "alpArambhaparigrahatvaM svabhAvamArdavArjavaM ca mAnuSasya'208 "sarAgasaMyamasaMyamAsaMyamakAmanirjarAbAlatapAMsi daivasya' 209

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392 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa bahuArambha aura bahuparigraha narakAyu ke bandha hetu haiN| isake atirikta karmagrantha meM raudra pariNAma ko naraka kA kAraNa mAnA hai|21deg sthAnAMga sUtra meM mahAparigraha, mahArambha, paMcendriya-vadha aura mAMsabhakSaNa ko narakAyu ke hetu svIkAra kie gaye hai|211 mAyA tiyacAyu kA kAraNa hai| gUDha hRdaya vAle, zaTha arthAta jisakI jabAna mIThI hai, para dila meM jahara bharA hai, sazalya arthAt pratiSThA kama hone ke bhaya se pApa ko prakaTa na karane vAle tiryacAyu kA bandha karate haiM- aisA karmagrantha meM mAnya hai|12 1. mAyAcAra, dUsaroM ko ThaganA, asatya vacana bolanA, kama-jyAdA tola-mApa karanA- ye cAra kAraNa sthAnAMga meM kahe haiN|213 2. alpa Arambha, alpa parigraha, svabhAva meM mRdutA aura saralatA ye manuSyAyu ke bandha hetu haiN| karmagrantha ke anusAra alpa kaSAya, dAna meM ruci aura madhyama guNa arthAt kSamA mRdutA Adi manuSyAyu ke kAraNa haiN|214 3. sthAnAMga ke anusAra saralatA, vinayazIlatA, karuNA aura ahaMkAra evaM mAtsarya se rahitatA mAnavAyu ke nimitta haiN|215 4. sarAgasaMyama, saMyamAsaMyama, akAmanirjarA aura bAla tapa ye devAyu ke bandha hetu haiN| sthAnAMga meM bhI ye cAra hI devAyu ke kAraNa haiN|2965. karmagrantha meM avirati ko bhI devAyu kA kAraNa mAnA hai|217 6. nAmakarmabandha ke kAraNa "yogavakratA visaMvAdanaM cAzubhasya nAmnaH 1218 "viparItaM zubhasya'219 mana-vacana aura kAya kI vakratA aura visaMvAda azubha nAma karma kA tathA mana-vacanakAyA kI saralatA aura saMvAda zubha-nAmakarma kA kAraNa hai| karmagrantha meM kahA hainiSkapaTa aura gaurava rahita jIva zubha nAma ko tathA kapaTI aura aMhakArI jIva azubha nAma ko bAMdhatA hai|220 7. gotra karmabandha ke kAraNa ___"parAtmanindAprazaMse sadasaguNAcchAdanodbhAvane ca nIcairgotrasya'221 "tadviparyayo nIcairvRttyanutseko cottarasya'222 para-nindA, AtmaprazaMsA, dUsaroM ke sadguNoM kA AcchAdana aura asadguNoM kA prakAzana ye nIca gotra ke bandha ke hetu hai| isake viparIta para-prazaMsA, Atma-nindA, sadguNoM kA prakAzana, asadguNoM kA gopana aura namravRtti evaM nirabhimAnatA ye ucca gotra ke bandha ke hetu hai| karmagrantha ke anusAra ATha prakAra ke mada se rahita, guNagrAhI dRSTi vAlA, adhyayana-adhyApana meM ruci rakhane vAlA tathA bhakta uccagotra ko prApta karatA hai aura isake viparIta AcaraNa karane vAlA nIca gotra ko prApta karatA hai|223

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 393 8. antarAya karmabandha ke kAraNa "vighnakaraNamantarAyasya'224 dAnAdi meM vighna DAlanA antarAyakarma kA bandha hetu hai| karmagrantha ke anusAra jina-pUjA Adi dharma kAryoM meM vighna utpanna karane vAlA aura hiMsA meM tatpara vyakti bhI antarAya karma kA saMcaya karatA hai|225 karma-vipAka- karma vipAka se abhiprAya samaya ke paripakva hone para karmoM ke phala pradAna karane se hai| karma vipAka ko do vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai|(1) niyata vipAkI karma (2) aniyatavipAkI krm|226 ye ve karma haiM jinakA phala anivArya rUpa se bhoganA par3atA hai| aniyatavipAkI karma meM karmoM kA phala kiye hue koM ke anusAra bhoganA anivArya nahIM hotA, balki unameM vyakti apane puruSArtha se parivartana karake inake phalopabhoga se vaMcita raha sakatA hai| jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke vipAka se jIva ko jJAna-prApti meM bAdhA utpanna hotI hai| darzanAvaraNIya karma ke vipAka se jIva ko darzana kI upalabdhi nahIM hotI / sAtAvedanIya karma ke phalasvarUpa sukha kA saMvedana tathA asAtAvedanIya karma ke phalasvarUpa jIva duHkha kA saMvedana karatA hai| mohanIya karma ke vipAka se vivekAbhAva ke kAraNa azubha kI ora pravRtti hotI hai| AyuSya karma ke phala se narakAdi caturgati kI Ayu ko bhogatA hai| zubhanAma karma ke vipAka se manojJa zabda, rUpa, rasa, svara Adi prApta hote haiM tathA azubhanAmakarma se amanojJa zabda, rUpa, rasa prApta hote haiN| gotra karma ke vipAka se ucca yA nIca gotra milatA hai| antarAya karma ke phalasvarUpa vyakti ke dAna, lAbha, bhogopabhoga, vIrya Adi meM bAdhA utpanna hotI hai| karma mokSa bhAratIya karma sAhitya meM jaise karmabandha aura usake kAraNoM kA vistAra se nirUpaNa hai usI prakAra una karmoM se mukta hone kA sAdhana bhI pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| "samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH 1227 arthAt samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ye tInoM milakara mokSa prApti ke sAdhana banate haiN| ina sAdhanoM ke dvArA aSTavidha karmoM se Abaddha AtmA cAra ghAtI karmoM kA kSaya kara kaivalya prApta karatI hai|228 zeSa cAra aghAtI karmoM kA zarIra ke sAtha nAza ho jAtA hai taba jIva kA mokSa hotA hai|229

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394 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa mokSa AtmA kI vaha vizuddhAvasthA hai jisameM usakA kisI bhI vijAtIya tattva ke sAtha saMyoga nahIM rahatA aura sampUrNa vikAroM kA abhAva hokara AtmA svarUpa meM sthira ho jAtI hai| yaha sthiti sampUrNa karmoM ke Atyantika kSaya hone para hotI hai| ataH tattvArtha sUtrakAra kahate haiM: ___ "kRtsnakarmakSayo mokSaH 1230 arthAt karmoM kA atyanta abhAva ho jAnA, sampUrNata: naSTa ho jAnA mokSa hai| niSkarSa ke rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki karmabandhana evaM mokSa jIvana ke do pahalU haiM, jahA~ mAnasika vikAroM ke vazIbhUta hokara bandhanAvasthA meM AtmA apane samyak darzana-jJAna-cAritra ko kho baiThatI hai vahIM mokSAvasthA meM vaha samasta mAnasika vikAroM kA damana kara zuddha-vizuddha evaM zAzvata sthiti prApta karatI hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM karma-vivecana jinabhadragaNi racita (6-7vIM zatI) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM gyAraha gaNadharoM ke saMzayoM kA bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA samAdhAna samupalabdha hotA hai| yaha carcA 'gaNadharavAda' ke nAma se prasiddha hai| lagabhaga sabhI gaNadharoM ke saMzayoM ko dUra karate hue bhagavAna ne karma siddhAnta ko sthApita kiyA hai| dvitIya gaNadhara agnibhUti ne karma ke viSaya meM prazna upasthita kiyA taba bhagavAna mahAvIra ne karma ke astitva ko siddha karane ke sAtha karma ko adRSTa, mUrta, pariNAmI, vicitra aura anAdikAla se jIva ke sAtha sambaddha btlaayaa| paMcama gaNadhara sudharmA ke sAtha isa loka aura paraloka ke sAdRzya-vaisAdRzya kI carcA huii| isa avasara para bhI loka aura paraloka ke mUla meM karma kI sattA ko siddha karate hue saMsAra ko karma-mUlaka khaa| baMdha aura mokSa ke viSaya meM chaThe gaNadhara maNDika se vArtA hai, ata: usameM bhI jIva kA karma ke sAtha baMdha aura usakI karma se mukti kI hI carcA hai| nauveM gaNadhara acalabhrAtA kI carcA kA mukhya viSaya puNya-pApa hai| usameM zubha karma aura azubha karma ke astitva kI carcA hI pradhAna hai| isa prasaMga para dvitIya gaNadhara se huI carcA ke kaI viSayoM kI punarAvRtti karane ke pazcAt karma-saMbaMdhI aneka naye tathya bhI udghATita hue haiM, jaise ki karma ke saMkrama kA niyama, karma-grahaNa kI prakriyA, karma kA zubhAzubha rUpa meM pariNamana, karma ke bheda ityaadi| dasaveM gaNadhara metArya se paraloka viSayaka carcA hai| usameM bhI yaha tathya svIkRta hai ki paraloka karmAdhIna hai| aMtima gaNadhara prabhAsa ke sAtha huI nirvANa saMbaMdhI carcA meM bhI yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki anAdi karma-saMyoga kA nAza hI nirvANa hai| isa prakAra bhinna-bhinna gaNadharoM ke sAtha hone vAle vAdoM meM karma-carcA vividha rUpa se sAmane AI hai| sAtaveM va AThaveM gaNadharoM kI carcA meM kramaza: devoM aura nArakiyoM

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 395 kI carcA hai| usakA abhiprAya bhI yahI hai ki zubha karma ke phalarUpa devatva aura azubhakarma ke phalasvarUpa nArakatva kI prApti hotI hai| isa prakAra prAyaH samasta gaNadharavAda meM karma-carcA ko paryApta mahattva milA hai| vibhinna gaNadharoM ke sAtha carcA meM jo karmaviSayaka bindu ubhare haiM, unheM saMkSepa meM prastuta kiyA jA rahA haikarma kI siddhi : vibhinna hetuoM se pratyakSa, anumAna Adi pramANoM ke dvArA jJAnAvaraNAdi paramANu saMghAta rUpa karma kI siddhi nahIM hone se agnibhUti ke mana meM karma ke astitva ke saMbaMdha meM saMzaya thaa|31 1. sukha:duHkha kI anubhUti se- isa saMzaya-nivAraNa meM aura karma kI siddhi meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kahate haiM ki tumhArA saMzaya ayukta hai, kyoMki maiM karma ko pratyakSa dekhatA huuN| tumako vaha pratyakSa nahIM hai, kintu tuma anumAna se usakI siddhi kara sakate ho| isa anumAnArtha hetu hai- 'aNubhUimayaM phalaM jassa tti 232 arthAt vyakti ko sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti-rUpa karma ke phala (kArya). pratyakSa anubhava meM Ate haiN| isa kArya ke pIche karma usI prakAra hetu hai jisa prakAra aMkura ke pIche biij|23 isa para punaH agnibhUti prazna upasthita karate haiM ki 'so diye ceva maI vabhicArAo na taM juttaM 234 sugandhita phUloM kI mAlA, candana Adi padArtha sukha ke hetu haiM aura sA~pa kA viSa, kA~TA Adi padArtha du:kha ke hetu haiN| jaba ina saba dRSTa kAraNoM se sukha-duHkha hotA ho taba usakA adRSTa kAraNa karma kyoM mAnA jAe?" bhagavAna pratyuttara dete haiM jo tullasAhaNANaM phale viseso na so viNA heuN| kajjattaNao goyama! ghaDo bva, heU ya so kmm|| 236 sukha-duHkha ke dRSTa sAdhana athavA kAraNa tulya rUpa se upasthita hone para bhI unake phala meM jo vizeSatA dikhAI detI hai vaha niSkAraNa nahIM ho sktii| yaha vizeSatA ghaTa ke samAna kArya rUpa hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki jaise paramANu ke ghaTAdi kArya pratyakSa haiM aura paramANu apratyakSa haiM vaise hI isa vizeSatA rUpI kArya ke janaka apratyakSa karma hone caahie| 2. kArmaNa zarIra kI siddhi dehAntara se- bAlaka kA zarIra dehAntara pUrvaka .. utpanna hotA hai| vaha dehAntara kArmaNa zarIra hai| jisa prakAra yuvA kA zarIra

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396 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa bAlazarIra pUrvaka hotA hai usI prakAra bAlazarIra ko dehAntara (zarIrAntara) pUrvaka mAnanA caahie| isameM indriya sukha-duHkha, prANa-apAna, nimeSa-unmeSa jIvana Adi vAlA hone ko hetu banAyA gayA hai| jo jIva indriyAdi se yukta hotA hai, vahI anya zarIra dhAraNa karane para bhI indriyAdi ko prApta karatA hai| jo azarIrI haiM unake niyata garbha, deza, sthAna kI prApti pUrvaka zarIra kA grahaNa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki usameM niyAmaka kAraNa kA abhAva hai| svabhAva isameM niyAmaka nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki usakA isI grantha (vizeSAvazyaka bhASya) meM Age nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| isalie bAla zarIra se pUrva zarIrAntara ko svIkAra karanA cAhie aura vaha zarIra karma hai jise kArmaNa zarIra bhI kahA gayA hai|227 3. cetana kI kriyA phalavatI hone ke kAraNa karma-siddhi- yaha karmasAdhaka tIsarA anumAna hai| yahA~ karma-siddhi meM 'cetana kI kriyA kA phalavatI honA' hetu diyA gayA hai| isa hetu ke aucitya meM eka lambI carcA dvitIya gaNadhara agnibhUti aura bhagavAna ke madhya clii| jo yahA~ sAra rUpa meM prastuta haibhagavAna mahAvIra- "iha yA cetanArabdhakriyA tasyAH phalaM dRSTam, yathA kRSyAdikriyAyAH, cetanArabdhAzca dAnAdikriyAH, tasmAt phalavatyaH yacca tAsAM phalaM tat karma'238 isa saMsAra meM cetana dvArA kI gaI kriyA kA phala hotA hai, jaise kRSi kriyA kaa| sacetana puruSa kRSi kriyA karatA hai to use usakA phala dhAnyAdi prApta hotA hai, usI prakAra dAnAdi kriyA kA kartA bhI sacetana hai, ata: use usakA kucha na kucha phala milanA caahie| jo phala prApta hotA hai, vaha karma hai| agnibhUti- puruSa kRSi karatA hai, kintu aneka bAra use dhAnyAdi phala kI prApti nahIM bhI hotI; ata: ApakA yaha hetu vyabhicArI hai|229 bhagavAna mahAvIra- tumhArA kahanA asat hai, kyoMki cetana kI prArambha kI gaI kriyA kA phala avazya milatA hai| phira bhI jahA~ kriyA kA phala nahIM milatA, vahA~ usakA ajJAna athavA sAmagrI kI vikalatA yA nyUnatA phalAbhAva kA kAraNa hai| yadi sAmagrI kA sAkalya athavA pUrNatA ho to sacetana dvArA Arabdha kriyA niSphala nahIM hotii|240 agnibhUti- jaise kRSi Adi kriyA kA dRSTa phala dhAnyAdi hai, vaise dAnAdi kriyA kA bhI sabake anubhava se siddha manaHprasAda rUpa dRSTa phala hI mAnanA

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 397 caahie| ata: karmarUpa adRSTa phala mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| isalie ApakA hetu abhipreta adRSTa karma ke sthAna para dRSTa phala kA sAdhaka hone se viruddha hai|241 bhagavAna mahAvIra- manaHprasAda bhI eka kriyA hai, ata: sacetana kI anya kriyAoM ke samAna usakA bhI phala hotA hai| vaha phala karma hai, ataH mere isa niyama meM koI doSa nahIM ki sacetana dvArA Arambha kI gaI kriyA phalavatI hotI hai|242 agnibhUti- Apane pahale dAnAdi kriyA ko karma kA kAraNa batAyA aura aba manaHprasAda ko karma kA kAraNa batAte haiN| ata: Apake kathana meM pUrvApara virodha hai|243 bhagavAna mahAvIra- tuma satya kahate ho, kintu manaHprasAdAdi kriyA hI Anantarya se karma kA kAraNa hai aura manaHprasAda Adi kriyA kA dAnAdi kriyA hI kAraNa hai| ata: karma ke kAraNa ke kAraNa meM kAraNa kA upacAra karake dAnAdi kriyA ko karma kA kAraNa rUpa mAnA jAtA hai| isa taraha pUrvApara virodha kA parihAra ho jAtA hai|244 agnibhati- sArAMza yaha hai ki manuSya jaba mana meM prasanna hotA hai taba hI dAnAdi karatA hai| dAnAdi karane para use bAda meM manaHprasAda prApta hotA hai; isalie vaha punaH dAnAdi karatA hai| isa taraha manaHprasAda kA phala dAnAdi hai tathA dAnAdi kA phala mana:prasAda aura usakA bhI phala daanaadi| Apa manaHprasAda kA adRSTa phala karma batAte haiM, usake sthAna meM dRSTa phala dAnAdi hI mAnanA caahie|275 bhagavAna mahAvIra- jaise mRtpiNDa se to ghar3A utpanna hotA hai kintu ghar3e se piNDa utpanna nahIM hotaa| vaise hI supAtra ko dAna dene se manaHprasAda utpanna hotA hai| ataH yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki manaHprasAda se dAna kI utpatti huii| kAraNa yaha hai ki jo jisakA nimitta hotA hai, vaha usI kA phala nahIM kahA jA sakatA, dUra evaM viruddha hone ke kaarnn|275 agnibhUti- saMsAra meM loga pazu kA vadha karate haiM, vaha kisI adharmarUpa adRSTa karma ke lie nahIM kiyA jAtA, apitu mA~sa khAne ko mile, isI uddezya se pazu hiMsA karate haiN| isI prakAra sabhI kriyAoM kA koI na koI dRSTa phala hI svIkAra karanA cAhie, adRSTa phala ko mAnanA anAvazyaka hai|

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398 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa adRSTa phala ke lie dAnAdi kriyA karane vAlA vyakti zAyada hI koI ho| dRSTa yaza kI prApti ke lie dAnAdi jaisI kriyAoM ko karane vAle bahuta loga haiM aura bahuta kama loga adRSTa karma ke nimitta dAnAdi karate hoNge| ataH sacetana kI sabhI kriyAoM kA phala dRSTa hI mAnanA caahie| bhagavAna mahAvIra- kRSi Adi kriyAoM kA dRSTa ke atirikta adRSTa phala bhI hotA hai| ve loga cAhe adRSTa adharma ke lie azubha kriyAe~ na karate hoM, phira bhI unheM unakA phala mile binA nahIM rhtaa| anyathA isa saMsAra meM ananta jIvoM kA astitva ghaTita nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki tumhAre matAnusAra pApa karma karane vAle bhI nae karmoM kA grahaNa nahIM karate, phira to mRtyu ke bAda unheM mokSa prApta honA caahie| kintu hama vizva meM ananta jIva dekhate haiM aura unameM bhI adharmAtmA hI adhika haiN| ata: mAnanA hogA ki samasta kriyAoM kA dRSTa ke atirikta adRSTa karma rUpa phala bhI prApta hotA hai|248 agnibhUti- dAnAdi kriyA ke kartA ko dharma rUpa adRSTa phala mila sakatA hai kyoMki vaha aise phala kI kAmanA karatA hai| kintu jo kRSi Adi kriyAe~ karate haiM ve to draSTa phala kI hI abhilASA rakhate haiN| phira unheM bhI adRSTa phala karma kI prApti kyoM ho?249 bhagavAna mahAvIra- tumhArA kathana ayukta hai| kyoMki kArya kA AdhAra usakI sAmagrI hotI hai| manuSya kI icchA ho yA na ho, kintu jisa kArya kI sAmagrI hotI hai, vaha kArya avazya utpanna hotA hai| bone vAlA kisAna yadi ajJAnavaza bhI gehU~ ke sthAna para kodarA (kodu) bo de aura use havA, pAnI Adi anukUla sAmagrI mile to kRSaka kI icchA-anicchA kI upekSA kara kodarA utpanna ho hI jaayeNge| isI prakAra hiMsA Adi kArya karane vAle mAMsabhakSaka cAheM yA na cAheM kintu adharma adRSTa karma utpanna hotA hI hai| dAnAdi kriyA karane vAle vivekazIla puruSa yadyapi phala kI icchA na kareM tathApi sAmagrI hone para unheM dharma rUpa phala milatA hI hai|250 ata: yaha bAta siddha hotI hai ki zubha athavA azubha sabhI kriyAoM kA zubha athavA azubha adRSTa phala hotA hI hai| anyathA isa saMsAra meM ananta saMsArI jIvoM kI sattA hI zakya nahIM hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki adRSTa karma ke abhAva meM sabhI pApI anAyAsa mukta ho jAe~ge; kyoMki unake icchita na hone ke kAraNa mRtyu ke bAda saMsAra

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 399 kA kAraNa karma rahegA hI nhiiN| kintu jo loga adRSTa zubha karma ke nimitta dAnAdi kriyAe~ karate hoMge, unake lie hI yaha kleza-bahula saMsAra raha jaaegaa| yaha bAta isa prakAra phalita hogI- jisane dAnAdi zubha kriyA adRSTa ke nimitta kI hogI, use karma kA baMdha hogA aura use bhogane ke lie vaha nayA janma dhAraNa kregaa| vahA~ punaH karma ke vipAka kA anubhava karate hue vaha dAnAdi kriyA karegA aura nae janma kI sAmagrI taiyAra kregaa| isa taraha tumhAre matAnusAra aise dhArmika logoM ke lie hI saMsAra honA cAhie, adhArmikoM ke lie mAno mokSa kA nirmANa huA hai| tumhArI mAnyatA meM aisI asaMgati upasthita hotI hai| 251 yadi hiMsAdi kriyAe~ karane vAle sabhI mokSa hI jAte raheM to phira isa saMsAra meM hiMsAdi kriyA karane vAlA koI bhI na rahe aura hiMsAdi kriyA kA phala bhogane vAlA bhI koI na rhe| kevala dAnAdi zabha kriyAe~ karane vAle aura inakA phala bhogane vAle hI saMsAra meM raha jaayeNge| kintu saMsAra meM yaha bAta dikhAI nahIM detii| usameM ukta donoM prakAra ke jIva dRSTigocara hote haiN| 52 aniSTa rUpa adRSTa ke phala kI prApti ke lie icchApUrvaka koI bhI jIva kriyA nahIM karatA, phira bhI isa saMsAra meM aniSTa phala bhogane vAle atyadhika jIva dRSTigocara hote haiN| ata: yaha mAnanA par3egA ki pratyeka kriyA kA adRSTa phala hotA hI hai| arthAt kriyA zubha ho athavA azubha, usakA adRSTa rUpa phala karma avazya hotA hai| isase viparIta dRSTa phala kI icchA karane para dRSTa phala kI prApti avazya hI ho, aisA ekAnta niyama nahIM hai| aisI sthiti kA kAraNa bhI pUrvabaddha adRSTa karma hI hotA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki dRSTa phala dhAnya Adi ke lie kRSi Adi karma karane para bhI pUrva karma ke kAraNa dhAnya Adi dRSTa phala zAyada na bhI mile, kintu adRSTa karma rUpa phala to avazya milegaa| kAraNa yaha hai ki cetana dvArA Arambha kI gaI koI bhI kriyA niSphala nahIM hotii|253 karma kI mUrtatA karma adRSTa hone para bhI mUrta hai| isa tathya ko nirUpita karate hue bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ne gaNadhara agnibhUti ko bahuta se hetu die, ve isa prakAra haiM 'mUrtameva karma, tatkAryasya zarIrAdermUrtatvAt 254 arthAt karma mUrta hai, kyoMki usakA kArya zarIrAdi mUrta hai| hetu nimna haiM1. "yasya yasya kArya mUrta tasya tasya kAraNamaNi mUrtam, yathA ghaTasya paramANavaH, yaccAmUrta kArya na tasya kAraNaM mUrta, yathA

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400 jainadarzana meM kAraNa- kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa jJAnasyAtmeti / 1155 jisakA kArya mUrta hotA hai usakA kAraNa bhI mUrta hotA hai, jaise paramANu kA kArya ghaTa mUrta hone se paramANu bhI mUrta hai, vaise hI karma bhI mUrta hai| jo kArya amUrta hotA hai, usakA kAraNa bhI amUrta hotA hai; jaise jJAna kA samavAyi kAraNa ( upAdAna kAraNa) AtmA / isa prakAra mUrta kArya kA mUrta kAraNa tathA amUrta kArya kA amUrta kAraNa honA caahie| yahA~ kAraNa se tAtparya samavAyi athavA upAdAna kAraNa hai, anya nhiiN| sukha - duHkha Adi kArya kA samavAyi kAraNa AtmA hai aura vaha amUrta hI hai| karma to sukha-duHkhAdi kA anna Adi ke samAna nimitta kAraNa hai / 256 ataH yaha hetu nirbAdha hai| 2. karma mUrta hai, kyoMki usase saMbaMdha hone se sukha Adi kA anubhava hotA hai; jaise ki khAdya Adi kA bhojana se sukha kA anubhava hotA hai| jo amUrta ho, usase saMbaMdha hone para sukha Adi kA anubhava nahIM hotA; jaise ki aakaash| karma kA saMbaMdha hone para AtmA sukha Adi kA anubhava karatI hai, ataH karma mUrta hai / 257 karma mUrta hai, kyoMki usake saMbaMdha se vedanA kA anubhava hotA hai| jisase saMbaMdha hone para vedanA kA anubhava ho vaha mUrta hotA hai, jaise ki agni / karma kA saMbaMdha hone para vedanA kA anubhava hotA hai, ataH karma mUrta hai / 258 4. karma mUrta hai, kyoMki AtmA aura usake jJAnAdi dharmoM se atirikta bAhya padArtha se usameM balAdhAna hotA hai- arthAt snigdhatA AtI hai| jaise- ghar3e Adi para tela Adi bAhya vastu kA vilepana karane se balAdhAna hotA hai, vaise hI karma meM bhI mAlA, caMdana, vanitA Adi bAhya vastu ke saMsarga se balAdhAna hotA hai, ata: vaha ghaTa ke samAna mUrta hai / 259 karma mUrta hai, kyoMki vaha AtmA Adi se bhinna hone para pariNAmI hai, jaise ki duudh| jaise AtmAdi se bhinna rUpa dUdha pariNAmI hone ke kAraNa mUrta hai, vaise hI karma mUrta hai / 260 karma kI pariNAmitA karma pariNAmI hai, isa saMbaMdha meM sarvajJa mahAvIra dvArA kathita paMktiyA~adva mayamasiddhameyaM pariNAmAu tti so vi kjjaao| .261 siddho pariNAmo se dahipariNAmAdiva payassa / /

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 401 abhiprAya yaha hai ki karma pariNAmI hai, kyoMki usakA kArya zarIra Adi pariNAmI hai| jisakA kArya pariNAmI ho, vaha svayaM bhI pariNAmI hotA hai| jaise dUdha kA kArya dahI kA pariNAmI hone ke kAraNa arthAt dahI ke chAcha rUpa meM pariNata hone ke kAraNa usakA kAraNa rUpa dUdha bhI pariNAmI hai, vaise hI karma ke kArya zarIra ke pariNAmI (vikArI) hone ke kAraNa karma svayaM bhI pariNAmI hai / 262 vicitratA meM karma kI kAraNatA 1. pariNAmoM kI vicitratA kA kAraNa : karma jIva ke sAtha saMbaddha karmapudgala vicitra haiN| kAraNa yaha hai ki anya bAhya pudgaloM kI apekSA Antarika karma - pudgaloM meM yaha vizeSatA hai ki ve jIva dvArA gRhIta hue haiN| isI kAraNa ve karma jIvagata vicitra sukha - duHkha ke kAraNa bhI banate haiN| yadi bAdala Adi bAhya pudgala nAnA rUpa se pariNamana karate haiM to jIvoM ke dvArA parigRhIta karma bhI vicitra rUpa se pariNamana kara sakate haiM / 263 jisa prakAra binA kisI ke prayatna ke svAbhAvika rUpeNa bAdala Adi pugaloM meM indradhanuSa Adi rUpa jo vicitratA hotI hai, usakI apekSA kisI kArIgara dvArA banAe gae pudgaloM meM eka viziSTa prakAra kI vicitratA hotI hai / usI prakAra jIva dvArA gRhIta karma - puloM meM nAnA prakAra ke sukha-duHkha utpanna karane kI viziSTa prakAra kI pariNAma vicitratA kyoM nahIM hogI ? 264 arthAt avazya hogii| isa prakAra karma meM nAnA prakAra kA pariNamana hone se karma vicitra siddha hotA hai| 2. bhava vicitratA kA kAraNa : karma tIrthaMkara mahAvIra se sudharmA svAmI jijJAsA karate haiM ki kAraNAnurUpa kArya mAnane para bhI bhavAntara meM vicitratA kI saMbhAvanA kaise banatI hai arthAt manuSya marakara deva tiryaca bhava meM kaise utpanna ho sakatA hai? 265 bhagavAna pharamAte haiM ki tuma bIja ke arthAt kAraNa ke anurUpa hI aMkura arthAt kArya mAnate ho to bhI tumheM parajanma meM jIva meM vaicitrya mAnanA hI pdd'egaa| kAraNa ki bhavAMkura kA bIja manuSya nahIM, kintu usakA karma hai aura vaha vicitra hotA hai| karma ke hetuoM - mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya, yoga meM vicitratA hai, karma bhI vicitra hai| karma ke vicitra hone ke kAraNa jIva kA bhavAMkura bhI vicitra hI hogaa| yaha bAta tumheM mAnanI caahie| ataH manuSya marakara apane karmoM ke anusAra nAraka, deva athavA tiryaMca rUpa meM bhI janma le sakatA hai| 266 ataH

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402 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa nArakoM meM tIvra pariNAma vAlA satata duHkha lagA hI rahatA hai| tiryacoM meM uSNa, tApa, bhaya, bhUkha, tRSA ina sabakA duHkha hotA hai tathA alpa sukha bhI hotA hai| manuSyoM ko nAnA prakAra ke mAnasika tathA zArIrika sukha aura duHkha hote haiM, kintu devoM ko to zArIrika sukha hI hotA hai, alpa mAtrA meM hI mAnasika duHkha hotA hai|267 paraloka kA AdhAra : karma dasaveM gaNadhara metArya dvArA paraloka viSaya meM prazna karane para bhagavAna pharamAte haiM- "itte cciya na sa kattA bhottA ya ao vi nasthi paralogo 268 abhiprAya yaha hai ki jaba taka jIva meM karmoM kA kartRtva evaM bhoktRtva bhAva hai taba taka vaha paraloka gamana karatA hai| bhoktRtva evaM kartRtva ke abhAva meM paraloka kI mAnyatA vyartha hai| mUrta karma kA amUrta AtmA se saMbaMdha karma mUrta yAnI rUpa-rasa-gaMdha-sparza yukta hai jabaki AtmA rUpa-rasa-gaMdhasparza se rahita arUpI yA amUrta hai| karma aura AtmA meM saMyoga aura samavAya saMbaMdha donoM hote haiM, jise vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM udAharaNa dete hue isa prakAra kahA gayA hai"yathA mUrtasya ghaTasyAmUrtena nabhasA saMyogalakSaNaH saMbaMdhastathA'trApi jiivkrmnnoH| yathA vA davyAsyAMgulyAdeH kriyayA''kuMcanAdikayA saha samavAyalakSaNa: saMbaMdhaH, tathA'trApi jIva-karmaNorayamiti' 269 ghaTa mUrta hai, phira bhI usakA saMyoga saMbaMdha amUrta AkAza se hotA hai, isI prakAra mUrta karma kA amUrta AtmA se saMyoga hotA hai| aMgulI mUrta dravya hai, phira bhI AkuMcanAdi amUrta kriyA se usakA samavAya saMbaMdha hai| isI prakAra jIva aura karma kA samavAya saMbaMdha bhI siddha hotA hai| jIva-karma kA anAdi saMbaMdha jIva aura karma kA saMbaMdha anAdi hai| isa tathya ko anumAna pramANa se vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM pratijJA, hetu aura dRSTAnta ke mAdhyama se isa prakAra kahA hai pratijJA- anAdi: karmaNaH saMtAna iti| hetu- dehakarmaNoH parasparaM hetuhetumdbhaavaaditi| dRSTAnta- biijaauNkuryoriveti| deha aura karma meM paraspara kArya-kAraNa bhAva hai, ata: karma-santati anAdi hai| jaise-bIja se aMkura aura aMkura se bIja kI bIjAMkura-santati anAdi hai, vaise hI deha

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 403 se karma aura karma se deha ke madhya saMbaMdha jAnanA caahie| isa prakAra deha aura karma kI paramparA anAdi kAla se calI A rahI hai; ata: karma santati anAdi mAnanI caahie| jinakA paraspara kArya-kAraNa bhAva hotA hai, unakI santati anAdi hotI hai|270 karma kA kartA : jIva vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM chaThe gaNadhara se bhagavAna mahAvIra kI carcA meM jIva ko karma kA kartA svIkAra karate hue kahA gayA hai kattA jIvo kammassa karaNao jaha ghaDassa ghddkaaro| evaM ciya dehassa vi kammakaraNasaMbhavAu ti||279 abhiprAya yaha hai ki jisa prakAra daMDAdi karaNa se yukta kumhAra ghaTa kA kartA hai; usI prakAra karmarUpa (kriyArUpa) karaNa se jIva karmabaMdha kA kartA hai| isI nyAya se karmarUpa karaNa ke dvArA zarIra kA kartA AtmA hai| ata: jIva karma dvArA zarIra utpanna karatA hai aura zarIra dvArA karma ko utpanna karatA hai| isa prakAra jIva karma aura zarIra donoM kA kartA hai|272 karmabaMdha anAdi sAnta hai jo anAdi hotA hai, vaha ananta bhI hotA hai| maNDika gaNadhara dvArA aisI zaMkA kie jAne para bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA jaM saMtANo'NAI teNANato'vi nnaaymegNto| dIsai saMto vi jao katthaI biiyNkuraaiinnN||273 aisA aikAntika niyama nahIM hai ki jo anAdi ho vaha ananta hI ho| kAraNa ki bIja-aMkura kI saMtAna yadyapi anAdi hai tathApi usakA anta ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra anAdi karma saMtAna kA bhI nAza ho sakatA hai| bIja tathA aMkura meM se kisI kA bhI yadi apane kArya ko utpanna karane se pUrva hI nAza ho jAe to bIjAMkura kI saMtAna kA bhI anta ho jAtA hai| yahI bAta murgI aura aNDe ke viSaya meM bhI hai ki una donoM kI saMtAna anAdi hone para bhI isa avasthA meM naSTa ho jAtI hai, jaba donoM meM se koI eka apane kArya ko utpanna karane ke pUrva hI naSTa ho jaae|274 ye donoM udAharaNa baMdha ko anAdi evaM sAnta siddha karate - haiN| isake atirikta eka anya udAharaNa nimna prakAra hai

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404 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa jaha veha kaMcaNo valasaMjogo'NAisaMtaigao vi| vocchijjai sovAyaM taha jogo jiiv-kmmaann||275 sone tathA miTTI kA saMyoga anAdi santatigata hai| phira bhI agni tApAdi se usa saMyoga kA nAza ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra jIva tathA karma kA anAdi saMyoga bhI samyak zraddhA Adi ratnatraya dvArA naSTa ho sakatA hai| mANDika dvArA prazna kiyA gayA ki jIva tathA karma kA saMyoga jIva aura AkAza ke saMyoga ke samAna anAdi ananta hai athavA sone aura miTTI ke samAna anAdi sAnta hai?276 jIva meM donoM prakAra ke saMyoga ghaTita ho sakate haiM, isameM koI virodha nahIM hai| jIva-sAmAnya kI apekSA se donoM prakAra ke saMbaMdha ghaTita hote haiN| jIva vizeSa kI apekSA se abhavya jIvoM meM anAdi ananta saMyoga hai, kyoMki unakI mukti nahIM hotI hai, ata: unake karma-saMyoga kA nAza kabhI bhI nahIM hotaa| bhavya jIvoM meM anAdi sAnta saMyoga hai, kyoMki ve karma-saMyoga kA nAza kara mokSa-prApti kI yogyatA rakhate haiN| puNya-pApa kA svarUpa bhagavAna ne puNya-pApa kA svarUpa isa prakAra kahA hai sohaNavaNNAiguNaM subhANubhAvaM ca jaM tayaM punnnnN| vivarIyamao pAvaM na bAyaraM nAisuhumaM c||278 jo svayaM zubha varNa, gaMdha, rasa tathA sparza yukta ho tathA jisakA vipAka bhI zubha ho vaha puNya hai aura isase viparIta jo azubha varNa, gaMdha, rasa tathA sparza yukta ho tathA jisakA vipAka bhI azubha ho vaha pApa hai| puNya aura pApa ye donoM pudgala haiM, kintu ve meru Adi ke samAna atisthUla nahIM hai aura paramANu ke samAna atisUkSma bhI nahIM haiN| puNya-pApa karmoM kA phala : svrg-nrk| bhagavAna se gaNadhara mauryaputra ne deva aura gaNadhara akampita ne nArakI ke saMbaMdha meM jijJAsA rkhii| taba vahA~ bhagavAna ne puNya tathA prakRSTa pApa ke pratiphala ko lakSya kara karma siddhAnta kI vyAkhyA kI, jo nIce prastuta hai isa saMsAra meM duHkhI manuSyoM va tiryacoM tathA sukhI manuSyoM ke hone para bhI nAraka tathA deva yoni ko pRthak mAnane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki prakRSTa pApa kA phala

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405 pUrvakRta karmavAda kevala duHkha hI honA cAhie aura prakRSTa puNya kA phala kevala sukha hI honA caahie| isa dRSTa saMsAra meM aisA koI prANI nahIM hai jo mAtra duHkhI ho aura jise sukha kA kucha aMza bhI prApta na ho| aisA bhI koI prANI nahIM hai jo mAtra sukhI ho aura jise lezamAtra bhI duHkha prApta na ho| manuSya kitanA bhI sukhI kyoM na ho, phira bhI roga, jarA, iSTaviyoga Adi se thor3A duHkha hotA hI hai| ataH koI aisI yoni bhI honI cAhie jahA~ prakRSTa pApa kA phala kevala duHkha hI ho tathA prakRSTa puNya kA phala kevala sukha hI ho, aisI yoniyA~ kramaza: nAraka va deva haiM / 279 dehAdi kI prApti evaM sukha-duHkhAdi meM puNya-pApa kI kAraNatA bhagavAna mahAvIra aura gaNadhara acala bhrAtA ke madhya carcA kA viSaya 'puNya-pApa' thaa| puNya-pApa ke saMbaMdha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vicAra yahA~ prastuta kie jA rahe haitaM ci dehAINaM kiriyANaM pi ya subhaa'subhttaao| paDivajja puNNapAvaM sahAvao bhinnajAIyaM / / 180 / tAtparya yaha hai ki dRSTa kAraNa rUpa mAtA-pitA ke samAna hone para bhI eka putra sundara deha vAlA hotA hai tathA dUsarA kurUpa / ataH dRSTa kAraNa mAtA-pitA se bhinna rUpa adRSTa kAraNa karma ko bhI mAnanA caahie| vaha karma bhI do prakAra kA svIkAra karanA cAhie puNya aura pApa / zubha dehAdi kArya se usake kAraNabhUta puNya karma kA tathA azubha dehAdi kArya se usake kAraNabhUta pApa karma kA astitva siddha hotA hai| zubha kriyA rUpa kAraNa se zubha karma puNya kI niSpatti hotI hai tathA azubha kriyA rUpa kAraNa se azubha karma pApa kI niSpatti hotI hai / 21 isase bhI karma ke puNya va pApa ye do bheda svabhAva se hI bhinnajAtIya siddha hote haiN| kahA bhI hai iha dRSTahetvasaMbhavikAryavizeSAt kulAlayatna iv| hetvantaramanumeyaM tat karma zubhAzubhaM kartuH / / arthAt dRSTa hetuoM ke hone para bhI kArya vizeSa asaMbhava ho to kumbhakAra ke yatna ke samAna eka anya adRSTa hetu kA anumAna karanA par3atA hai aura vaha kartA kA zubha athavA azubha karma hai| sakatI hai| eka anya prakAra se bhI karma ke puNya aura pApa ina do bhedoM kI siddhi ho suha- dukkhANaM kAraNamaNurUvaM kajjabhAvao'vassaM / paramANavo ghar3assa va kAraNamiha punnnn-paavaaii|| 282

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406 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa sukha aura duHkha donoM hI kArya hai, ata: donoM ke hI unake anurUpa kAraNa hone caahie| jaise ghaTa kA anurUpa kAraNa miTTI ke paramANu haiM tathA paTa ke anurUpa kAraNa tantu haiM, vaise hI sukha kA anurUpa kAraNa puNya-karma tathA duHkha kA anurUpa kAraNa pApa karma hai| isa prakAra donoM kA pArthakya hai| jIva tathA puNya kA saMyoga hI sukha kA kAraNa hai| usa saMyoga kA hI svaparyAya sukha hai| jIva va pApa kA saMyoga duHkha kA kAraNa hai| usa saMyoga kA hI svaparyAya duHkha hai| jaise sukha ko zubha, kalyANa, ziva Adi kaha sakate haiM vaise hI usake kAraNa puNya ke lie bhI yahI zabda prayukta kie jA sakate haiN| jaise duHkha ko akalyANa, azubha, aziva Adi saMjJA dI jAtI hai, usake kAraNa pApa-dravyoM ko bhI ina zabdoM se pratipAdita kiyA jAtA hai| isIlie hI vizeSarUpeNa sukha-duHkha ke anurUpa kAraNa ke rUpa meM puNya-pApa mAne jAte haiN|283 karma-pudgala grahaNa kI prakriyA . gaNadhara acalabhrAtA kI jijJAsA ko zAnta karate hue bhagavAna karma-grahaNa kI prakriyA samajhAte haiM giNhai tajjogaM ciya reNuM puriso jahA kybbhNgo| egaskhettogADhaM jIvo sbppesehi|| 284 jaise koI vyakti zarIra para tela lagA kara nagna zarIra hI khule sthAna meM baiThe to tela ke parimANa ke anusAra usake samasta zarIra para miTTI cipaka jAtI hai, vaise hI rAga-dveSa se snigdha jIva bhI karma-vargaNA ke vidyamAna karma yogya pudgaloM ko hI pApapuNya meM grahaNa karatA hai| karma-vargaNA ke pudgaloM se bhI sUkSma paramANu kA athavA sthUla audArikAdi zarIra yogya padgaloM kA karma rUpa meM grahaNa nahIM hotaa| jIva svayaM AkAza ke jitane pradezoM meM hotA hai utane hI pradezoM meM vidyamAna tadpa pudgaloM kA apane sarvapradeza meM grahaNa karatA hai|285 jaba taka jIva ne karmapudgala kA grahaNa nahIM kiyA ho taba taka vaha pudgala zubha yA azubha kisI bhI vizeSaNa se viziSTa nahIM hotA, arthAt vaha aviziSTa hI hotA hai| kintu jIva usa karma pudgala kA grahaNa karate hI AhAra ke samAna adhyavasAya rUpa pariNAma tathA Azraya kI vizeSatA ke kAraNa use zubha yA azubha rUpa meM pariNata kara detA hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki jIva kA jaisA zubha yA azubha adhyavasAya rUpa pariNAma hotA hai, usake AdhAra para vaha grahaNa kAla meM hI karma meM zubhatva yA azubhatva utpanna kara detA hai tathA karma ke AzrayabhUta jIva kA bhI eka aisA svabhAva vizeSa hai

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 407 ki jisake kAraNa vaha ukta rIti se karma kA pariNamana karate hue hI karma kA grahaNa karatA hai|86 AhAra ke samAna hone para bhI pariNAma aura Azraya kI vizeSatA ke kAraNa usake vibhinna pariNAma dRSTigocara hote haiM; jaise ki gAya tathA sarpa ko eka hI AhAra dene para bhI gAya dvArA khAyA gayA padArtha dUdha rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai tathA sarpa dvArA khAyA gayA viSa rUpa meN| yahA~ para jaise khAdya padArtha meM bhinna-bhinna Azraya meM jAkara tad-tadrUpa meM pariNata hone kA pariNAma svabhAva vizeSa hai vaise hI khAdya kA upayoga karane vAle Azraya meM bhI una vastuoM ko tat tadrUpa meM pariNata karane kA sAmarthya vizeSa hai| isI prakAra karma meM bhI bhinna-bhinna zubha yA azubha adhyavasAya vAle apane Azraya rUpa jIva meM jAkara zubha yA azubha rUpa meM pariNata ho jAne kA sAmarthya hai| Azraya rUpa jIva meM bhI bhinna-bhinna karmoM kA grahaNa kara unheM zubha yA azubha rUpa meM arthAt puNya yA pApa rUpa meM pariNata kara dene kI zakti hai|287 eka hI jIva karma ke zubha tathA azubha donoM pariNAmoM ko utpanna karane meM samartha hotA hai| yathA- eka hI zarIra meM aviziSTa arthAt eka rUpa AhAra grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, phira bhI usameM se sAra aura asAra rUpa donoM pariNAma tatkAla ho jAte haiN| zarIra khAe hue bhojana ko rasa, rakta tathA mA~sa rUpa sAra tattva meM aura malamUtra jaise asAra tattva meM pariNata kara detA hai| isI prakAra eka hI jIva gRhIta sAdhAraNa karma ko apane zubhAzubha pariNAma dvArA puNya tathA pApa rUpa meM pariNata kara detA hai|88 - isake bAda puNya aura pApa prakRtiyoM kI pRthak-pRthak gaNanA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM vistAra se kI gaI hai|289 karma-saMkrama kA niyama karma kI mUla prakRti aura uttara prakRtiyoM meM paraspara karma-saMkramaNa ke saMbaMdha meM vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM jo kahA gayA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai- "mottUNaM AuyaM khalu desaNamohaM carittamohaM c| sesANaM pagaINaM uttaravihisaMkamo bhajjo' 290 jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra tathA antarAya- ina ATha mUla karma-prakRtiyoM meM to paraspara saMkrama ho hI nahIM sktaa| arthAt eka mUla prakRti dUsarI prakRti rUpa meM pariNata nahIM kI jA sakatI hai, kintu uttara prakRtiyoM meM paraspara saMkrama saMbhava hai| isa niyama meM bhI yaha apavAda hai ki Ayukarma kI manuSya, deva, nAraka, tiryaca ina cAra uttara prakRtiyoM meM paraspara saMkrama nahIM hotA tathA mohanIya karma darzanamoha tathA cAritramoha rUpa do uttara prakRtiyoM meM bhI paraspara saMkrama nahIM hotaa|

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408 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa inake atirikta karma kI zeSa uttara prakRtiyoM meM paraspara saMkrama kI bhajanA (vikalpa) hai|291 jIva ke sAtha karma kA viyoga sambhava ___gyArahaveM gaNadhara prabhAsa ke sAtha carcA meM bhagavAna ne pharamAyA- "jIva tathA karma kA saMyoga AkAza ke samAna anAdi hai, isalie jIva aura AkAza ke anAdi saMyoga ke samAna jIva va karma ke saMyoga kA bhI nAza nahIM hotA"-prabhAsa ke isa prazna kA samAdhAna dete hue bhagavAna kahate haiM92- 'jIva meM bandha sambhava hai, kyoMki usakI dAna athavA hiMsAdi kriyA phalayukta hotI hai| bandha kA viyoga bhI jIva meM zakya hai, kyoMki vaha bandha saMyoga rUpa hotA hai| jisa prakAra suvarNa tathA pASANa kA anAdi rUpa yoga bhI saMyoga hai isalie kisI kAraNavazAt usakA viyoga hotA hai; usI prakAra AtmA ke bandha rUpa karma-saMyoga kA bhI samyagjJAna va kriyA dvArA nAza hotA hai|293 karma siddhAnta : katipaya anya bindu karma kI mUrtatA ke sambandha meM vicAra jaina granthoM meM rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza yukta padArtha ko mUrta kahA gayA hai| jaina darzana ke dharma, adharma, AkAza pudgala, kAla aura jIva; ina 6 dravyoM meM pudgala hI eka aisA dravya hai jisameM rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza Adi guNa hote haiN| jo ina guNoM se yukta hai unameM mUrtatva hai| cUMki jaina darzana meM karma ko pudgalajanya mAnA gayA hai ataH usakI mUrtatA svataH siddha hai| mUrtatA ke sambandha meM kundakundAcArya aura DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke nimna tarka haiN| 1. paMcAstikAya meM mUrta karma kA samarthana karate hue kahate haiM "jahyA kammarasa phalaM visayaM phAsehiM bhuJjade nniydN| jIveNa suhaM dukkhaM tamhA kammANi muttaanni|| 1294 indriya, viSaya, sparza Adi mUrta haiM unako bhogane vAlI indriyA~ mUrta haiM, unase hone vAle sukha-duHkha mUrta haiM isalie unake kAraNabhUta karma bhI mUrta haiN| 2. DaoN. sAgaramala jaina kA mantavya hai295 ki karma mUrta hai kyoMki usake sambandha se duHkha-sukha Adi kA jJAna hotA hai jaise- bhojana se| karma mUrta hai kyoMki usake sambandha se vedanA hotI hai, jaise-agni se| yadi karma amUrta hotA to usake kAraNa sukha-duHkha kI vedanA nahIM hotii|

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 409 kAraNa se jisa prakAra kArya kA anumAna hotA hai, usI prakAra kArya se bhI kAraNa kA anumAna hotA hai| isa siddhAnta ke anusAra zarIra Adi kArya mUrta haiM to unakA kAraNa karma bhI mUrta hI honA cAhiye / mUrta karma se amUrta AtmA kA sambandha aura prabhAva amUrta AtmA aura mUrta karma donoM anAdi haiN| karmasaMtati kA AtmA ke sAtha anAdi kAla se sambandha hai / pratipala-pratikSaNa jIva nUtana karma bAMdhatA hai| aisA koI bhI kSaNa nahIM, jisa samaya sAMsArika jIva karma nahIM bAMdhatA hai / isa dRSTi se AtmA ke sAtha karma kA sambandha anAdi hai| AtmA amUrta hote hue bhI karma ke samparka se kathaMcit mUrta bhI hai| isa dRSTi se karma aura AtmA kA paraspara sambandha sambhava hai, kyoMki AtmA aura karma kA sambandha na mAnane para karma siddhAnta kA astitva nahIM rhtaa| jisa prakAra amUrta jJAnAdi guNoM para mUrta madirAdi kA prabhAva par3atA hai usI prakAra amUrta jIva para bhI mUrta karma kA prabhAva par3atA hai / upAdhyAya amaramuni 296 isakA yuktiyukta samAdhAna dete hue kahate haiM ki karma ke saMbaMdha se AtmA kathaMcit mUrta bhI hai| kyoMki saMsArI AtmA anAdikAla se karma - santati sambaddha hai, isa apekSA se AtmA sarvathA amUrta nahIM hai, apitu karma-saMbaddha hone ke kAraNa svarUpataH amUrta hote hue bhI vastutaH kathaMcit mUrta hai / isa dRSTi se bhI AtmA para mUrta karma kA upaghAta, anugraha aura prabhAva par3atA hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jI jaina bhI 'mUrta kA amUrta para prabhAva' ke saMbaMdha meM likhate haiM ki jisa para karma siddhAnta kA niyama lAgU hotA hai, vaha vyaktitva amUrta nahIM hai| hamArA vartamAna vyaktitva zarIra (bhautika) aura AtmA (abhautika) kA eka viziSTa saMyoga hai| zarIrI AtmA bhautika tathyoM se aprabhAvita nahIM raha sktaa| jaba taka AtmA zarIra (karma zarIra) ke baMdhana se mukta nahIM ho jAtI, taba taka vaha apane ko bhautika prabhAvoM se pUrNatayA aprabhAvita nahIM rakha sakatI / mUrta zarIra ke mAdhyama se usa para mUrta - karma kA prabhAva par3atA hai| hai| 297 karma-phala saMvibhAga nahI karma phala saMvibhAga yAnI karmoM ke phala kA vibhAjana / kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki eka vyakti dvArA kiye gae karma kA phala dUsare vyakti ko mila jAnA hI karmaphala saMvibhAga hai| isake saMbaMdha meM bhAratIya darzana meM bhI cintana upalabdha hotA hai| mahAbhArata aura gItA meM zubha (puNya) evaM azubha (pApa) donoM hI prakAra ke karmoM kA

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410 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa phala saMvibhAga svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 298 bauddha kevala zubha karma yAnI puNya karmoM ke vibhAjana ko hI svIkAra karate haiM / 299 jainamatAnusAra prANI ke zubhAzubha karmoM ke pratiphala meM anya koI bhAgIdAra nahIM bana sktaa| jo vyakti zubhAzubha karma karatA hai, vahI usakA phala prApta karatA hai| isake saMbaMdha meM vibhinna tarka isa prakAra haiM - 1. bhagavatI sUtra meM gautama dvArA pUche jAne para ki "kyA jIva svayaMkRta duHkha ko bhogatA hai? " isake uttara meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kahate haiM ki jIva svakRta duHkha-sukha kA bhoga karatA hai, parakRta kA nhiiN| 300 2. uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki saMsArI jIva apane aura anya bandhu-bAndhavoM ke lie karma karatA hai, kintu usa karma ke phalodaya ke samaya koI bhI bandhu bAndhava hissedAra nahIM hotA hai| vyakti ke duHkha ko na jAti ke loga bA~Ta sakate haiM aura na mitra, putra tathA bandhu / vaha svayaM akelA hI una prApta duHkhoM ko bhogatA hai, kyoMki karma kartA ke pIche hI calatA hai| vyakti ke kie hue karmoM ke phalopabhoga meM usake mAtA, pitA, putravadhU, bhAI, patnI tathA aurasa putra bhI samartha nahIM hai| 201 3. phala hI vyakti ko karma karane ke lie prerita karatA hai| aisI sthiti meM karma karane vAlA vyakti yadi usa karma kA phalopabhoga na kare to yaha nyAyocita nahIM hogaa| yadi yahI satya mAna liyA jAe ki karma koI karegA tathA usakA phala koI bhogegA to phira karma karane ke prati vyakti udAsIna hogA, kyoMki phala hI eka aisA mApadaNDa hai jo karma karane ke lie vyakti ko prerita karatA hai| 302 4. karmaphala saMvibhAga ko svIkAra karane para karmoM ke zubhatva evaM azubhatva ke prati vyakti kA koI naitika uttaradAyitva bhI nahIM hogA / 203 5. jaina karmasiddhAnta mAnatA hai ki vividha sukhada - duHkhada anubhUtiyoM kA mUla kAraNa (upAdAna) to vyakti ke apane hI pUrva karma hai| dUsarA vyakti to mAtra nimitta bana sakatA hai| arthAt upAdAna kAraNa kI dRSTi se sukhaduHkhAdi anubhava svakRta hai aura nimitta kAraNa kI dRSTi se parakRta hai| yahAM yaha prazna uThatA hai ki yadi hama dUsaroM kA hitAhita karane meM mAtra nimitta hote haiM, to phira hameM pApa-puNya kA bhAgI kyoM mAnA jAtA hai? jaina vicArakoM kA kahanA hai ki hamAre puNya-pApa dUsare ke hitAhita kI kriyA para nirbhara na hokara hamArI manovRtti para nirbhara hai| hama dUsaroM kA hitAhita karane para

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 411 uttaradAyI isalie haiM ki vaha karma evaM karmasaMkalpa hamArA hai| dUsaroM ke prati hamArA jo dRSTikoNa hai, vahI hameM uttaradAyI banAtA hai| usI ke AdhAra para vyakti karma kA baMdha karatA hai aura usakA phala bhogatA hai|304 karma siddhAnta ke do mahattvapUrNa tathya : guNasthAna evaM mArgaNAsthAna jaina karmasiddhAnta meM guNasthAna evaM mArgaNAsthAna kA vizeSa yogadAna hai| kyoMki guNasthAnoM se karmabaMdhana se chUTane tathA jIva ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI sUcanA milatI hai aura mArgaNAsthAna ke vivaraNa se yaha patA calatA hai ki vibhinna prakAra ke karmoM ke karane para jIva kauna-sI avasthA yA gati prApta karatA hai| karmabaMdha kI alpatA aura AdhyAtmika zakti ke vikAsa ke AdhAra para guNasthAnoM ke 14 bheda kie gae haiN| ye guNasthAna eka krama meM vyavasthita haiN| inake AdhAra para samasta jIvoM ke karmabaMdha, udaya, udIraNA, sattA Adi kA mApana sugamatA se kiyA jA sakatA hai| guNasthAnoM ke samyak jJAna se yaha bhI jAnA jA sakatA hai ki isa prakAra kI Antarika azuddhi yA zuddhi vAlA jIva amuka karmaprakRtiyoM kA baMdha, udaya tathA udIraNA kara sakatA hai| 14 guNasthAnoM meM prathama kI apekSA dUsarA tathA dUsare kI apekSA tIsarA; isa prakAra pUrvavartI guNasthAna kI apekSA paravartI guNasthAna meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI mAtrA kramazaH baDhatI jAtI hai aura karma kA baMdhana zithila hotA jAtA hai| vikAsa kI ora baDhatI huI inhIM kramika avasthAoM ko guNasthAna kahA jAtA hai| ye guNasthAna nimnalikhita haiM- 1. mithyAdRSTi 2. sAsvAdana samyagdRSTi 3. samyagamithyAdRSTi 3. avirati samyagdRSTi 5. dezavirati 6. pramattasaMyata 7. apramattasaMyata 8. nivRttikaraNa (apUrvakaraNa), 9. anivRttikaraNa bAdara samparAya 10. sUkSma saMparAya 11. upazAMtakaSAyavItarAgachadmastha 12. kSINakaSAyavItarAgachadmastha 13. sayogakevalI 14. ayogkevlii|05| mArgaNAsthAna jIva ke parva kamoM kI vibhinnatA ke AdhAra para prApta hone vAlI gati, yoni, zarIra, indriyoM kI saMkhyA Adi ko sUcita karatA hai| jIva ke karmajanya audayika, aupazamika, kSAyopazamika Adi bhAvoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara mArgaNAoM ke 14 bheda kie gae haiN| jo isa prakAra haiM- 1. gati 2. indriya 3. kAya 4. yoga 5. veda 6. kaSAya 7. jJAna 8. saMyama 9. darzana 10. lezyA 11. bhavyatva 12. samyaktva 13. saMjJI 14 aahaarktv|206 inameM pratyeka ke anya avAntara bheda bhI haiM, jinako lekara 62 mArgaNAe~ mAnI gayI haiN| karmajanya audayika, kSAyika evaM kSAyopazamika Adi bhAvoM ke anusAra eka hI samaya meM jIva meM sabhI caudaha mArgaNAe~ ho sakatI haiM, parantu eka jIva meM eka samaya

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412 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa meM eka hI guNasthAna ho sakatA hai / guNasthAna yaha batalAtA hai ki karmabaMdhana ke kramaza: kSINa hone yA kramika AdhyAtmika vikAsa hone se mukti kI prApti ho jAtI hai evaM mArgaNAsthAna se karmoM ke pratiphala ke rUpa meM prApta hone vAlI vividha gati Adi kI sUcanA milatI hai| Agama sAhitya meM samavAyAMga sUtra ke antargata jIvasthAna ke rUpa meM 14 guNasthAnoM ke ullekha milate haiM, kintu mArgaNA siddhAnta kA suvyavasthita vivaraNa prApta nahIM hotaa| digambara Agama SaTkhaNDAgama meM mArgaNA evaM guNasthAna donoM hI siddhAntoM kA suvyavasthita vivecana hai| prArambha meM guNasthAna evaM mArgaNAsthAna kI bIja rUpa avadhAraNAe~ upasthita thiiN| karma-viSayaka sAhitya ke racanA kAla meM inakA pUrNa vikAsa huaa| sAtha hI karmaprakRtiyoM ke bandha, udaya, udIraNA Adi se bhI inakA samanvaya sthApita kiyA gyaa| 307 AtmA aura karma se saMbaMdhita samasyAe~ karma aura AtmA ke saMdarbha meM mukhya rUpa se nimnAMkita prazna upasthita hote haiM1. karma pahale hai yA AtmA ? 2. karma balavAna hai yA AtmA ? 3. yadi karma aura AtmA kA saMbaMdha anAdi hai to usase chuTakArA kaise ho sakatA hai? 1. karma pahale yA AtmA ? karma pahale hai, usake bAda AtmA hai; aisI mAnyatA svIkAra karane para svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha prazna uThatA hai ki karmoM kA kartA AtmA jaba pahale thA hI nahIM to phira karmoM ko kiyA kisane? aura karma astitva meM AyA kaise? isake viparIta yadi AtmA ko karma se pahale svIkAra karate haiM to yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki yadi karma pahale astitva meM nahIM thA to AtmA kA baMdhana kaise huA? arthAt AtmA kisI samaya mukta thA aura phira baMdhana meM aayaa| ina praznoM para jaina granthoM meM gaMbhIra vicAra kiyA gayA hai| usameM na to AtmA ko pahale mAnA gayA hai aura na karma ko, apitu AtmA aura karma donoM ko hI anAdi kahA gayA hai| AtmA evaM karma ke saMbaMdha meM paMcAdhyAyI meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki " yathAnAdiH sa jIvAtmA yathAnAdizca pudgalaH, dvayorbandho'pyanAdiH syAt saMbaMdho jIvakarmaNA arthAt AtmA bhI anAdi tathA karma bhI anAdi evaM AtmA tathA karma kA saMbaMdha bhI anAdi hai / isa prakAra AtmA, aura unakA pArasparika saMbaMdha tInoM anAdi haiN| 308 karma

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 413 karma pahale aura AtmA bAda meM- isa mAnyatA ke anusAra to AtmA bhI eka utpanna - vinaSTa hone vAlA padArtha hogA aura AtmA kA janma mAneMge to usakA maraNa bhI nizcita hI mAnanA hogaa| isa saMbaMdha meM sureza muni 'zAstrI' kahate haiM ki- AtmA ke saMbaMdha meM yaha janma-maraNa, utpanna- vinaSTa hone kA vicAra bhArata ke prAyaH sabhI darzanoM ko ekadama amAnya hai| bhAratIya darzanakAroM kI dRSTi meM AtmA eka ajara, amara, avinAzI aura zAzvata tattva hai| 39 vedavyAsa ke isa svara se sabhI darzanakAra sahamata haiM na jAyate mriyate vA kadAcinnAyaM bhUtvA bhavitA vA na bhUyaH / ajo nityaH zAzvato'yaM purANo, na hanyate hanyamAne zarIre / / 310 aisI viSama sthiti meM na AtmA pahale hai aura na hI karma pahale jaina saMskRti ke mahAn vizleSakoM ne "AtmA aura karma- ina donoM meM kauna pahale aura kauna bAda meM," isa kar3I ko anAdi kahakara tor3a diyaa| unakA kahanA hai ki AtmA bhI anAdi hai, karma bhI anAdi hai aura AtmA - karma ina donoM kA saMbaMdha bhI anAdi hai| AtmA kArmaNa zarIra ke rUpa meM karmoM se anAdikAla se baMdhA huA calA A rahA hai| 2. karma balavAna yA AtmA ? eka tulA meM rakhI huI samAna AkAra kI vastu ke sadRza karma aura AtmA kA mahattva jaina darzana meM pratipAdita huA hai| ina donoM meM se kise pradhAnatA dI jAe yaha cintana kA viSaya hai| jaina granthoM meM karma kI apekSA AtmA ko hI balavAna mAnA gayA hai kyoMki karma ke sAtha saMbaMdha kA bhI mUla kAraNa AtmA hai| isa vicAra ko pramANa ke rUpa meM sthApita karane hetu uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke aMza prastuta kie jA rahe hai appA gaI veTAraNI, appA me kuuddsaamlii| appA kAmaduhA dheNU, appA me NaMdaNaM vaNaM / / appA kattA vikattA ya, duhANa ya suhANa y| appA mittamamittaM ca, duppaTThiya- supaTTio / / , 311 AtmA hI vaitaraNI nadI hai, kUTazAlmalI vRkSa hai, kAmadugdhA dhenu hai aura vahI nandana vana hai| AtmA hI apane sukha-duHkha kA kartA hai, bhoktA hai, satpravRttiyoM meM sthita AtmA hI apanA mitra hai evaM duSpravRttiyoM meM sthita AtmA hI apanA zatru hai| gaNadharavAda meM karma aura AtmA kI balavattA ke saMbaMdha meM saMzayAtmaka sthiti isa prakAra prastuta kI gaI hai

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414 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa katthavi balio jIvo, katthavi kammAi hunti baliyAI / jIvassa ya kammassa ya, puvvaviruddhAiM verAI / / 312 kahIM AtmA balavAna hai aura kahIM karma balavAna hai| kabhI jIva, kAla Adi labdhiyoM kI anukUlatA hone para karmoM ko pachAr3a detA hai aura kabhI karmoM kI bahulatA hone para jIva unase daba jAtA hai| 1 isa saMbaMdha meM karma - siddhAnta ke marmajJa AcAryoM ne uttara diyA hai ki Upara se dekhane para karma kI zakti balavatI dikhAI detI hai, kintu AtmA kI hI zakti adhika balavatI hai| bahirdRSTi se patthara kaThina kaThora pratIta hotA hai aura antardRSTi se pAnI | isIlie pahAr3oM para barasane vAlI pAnI kI nanhIM-nanhIM bUMde vizAla evaM kaThora caTTAnoM meM bhI cheda DAlakara usake Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara DAlatI haiN| ve Tukar3e kaMkara aura kaMkara antataH reta bana jAtI haiN| dekhane meM lohA pAnI se kaThora pratIta hotA hai| para pAnI meM DAle gaye lohe ko jaMga laga jAtA hai| isI taraha sthUla dRSTi se karma balavAna pratIta hote haiM, kintu vAstava meM AtmA hI balavAna hai| AgamakAra ke zabdoM meM khavittA evaM kammAI, saMjameNa taveNa TA ,313 savvadukkhapahINaTThA pakkamaMti mahesiNo / / arthAt saMyama aura tapa ke dvArA pUrva karmoM ko kSINa kara, unheM maharSi gaNa samasta duHkhoM kA anta kara dete haiN| 3. anAdi kA anta kaise ? AtmA ke sAtha karma kA anAdi saMbaMdha hai to usakA anta kaise saMbhava hai? kyoMki jo anAdi hotA hai usakA nAza nahIM hotA, jaise AkAza kA / pachAr3a kara SaDdarzanasamuccaya meM isakA pratyuttara diyA gayA hai- " yadyapi rAgAdayo doSA jantoranAdimantaH - tathApi kasyacidyathAvasthitastrIzarIrAdivastutattvAvagamena teSAM rAgAdInAM pratipakSabhAvanAtaH pratikSaNamapacayo dRzyate / tataH saMbhAvyate viziSTakAlAdisAmagrIsadbhAve bhAvanAprakarSato nirmUlamapi kSayaH nirmUlakSayAnabhyupagame'pacayasyApyasiddheH / 14 yadyapi rAgAdi doSa (karma) anAdi kAla se isa AtmA ke sAtha hai, phira bhI pratipakSI virAgI bhAvanAoM se isakA nAza hotA hai| udAharaNArtha kisI strI meM Asakta kAmI vyakti jaba strI ke zarIra ko vAstavika rUpa meM mala, mUtra, mA~sa, haDDI, rakta

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 415 Adi kA eka lothar3A samajha letA hai taba usake rAga kA srota itanA sUkha jAtA hai aura virAgI bhAvanAoM kI vRddhi hone se AtmA ke sAtha sambaddha pUrva rAgAdi kA samUla uccheda ho jAtA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM bhI anAdi karma saMbaMdha kA anta karane kI bAta kahI hai "khavittA puvakammAI saMjameNa taveNa yA jayaghosa-vijaya ghosA, siddhiM pattA annuttrN|| 295 saMyama evaM tapa ke dvArA pUrvasaMcita karmoM ko kSINa kara anuttara siddhi prApta kI jA sakatI hai aura apanI kAlAvadhi pUrNa hone para AtmA se alaga ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra AtmA se naye karmoM ke sambaddha hone evaM purAne karmoM ke bichur3ane kI paramparA calatI rahatI hai| jaina darzana meM karma aura AtmA ke saMbaMdha ko anAdi kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki karma kA pravAha arthAt karma aura AtmA ke saMbaMdha kI paramparA anAdi hai, na ki kisI karma vizeSa kA AtmA ke sAtha anAdi saMbaMdha hai| kyoMki purAne karma apanIapanI sthiti pUrNa hone para AtmA se alaga hote rahate haiM aura nae-nae karma baMdhate rahate haiN| AtmA se purAne karmoM ke alaga hone ko jaina saMskRti kI mUla bhASA meM 'nirjarA' aura AtmA ke sAtha navIna karmoM ke saMbaMdha ho jAne ko baMdha kahate haiN| kisI vizeSa karma kA AtmA ke sAtha anAdi-kAla se sambandha calA A rahA ho- jaina saMskRti ke karma-siddhAnta kA yaha mantavya kadApi nahIM hai| bhinna-bhinna karmoM ke saMyoga kA pravAha anAdikAlIna hai, na ki kisI eka karma vizeSa kaa| ata: karma vizeSa kA saMbaMdha sAdi aura sAnta hotA hai| karma aura punarjanma punarjanma kA artha hai- vartamAna jIvana ke pazcAt kA paraloka jiivn| paraloka jIvana kA mukhya AdhAra pUrvakRta karma hai| atIta karmoM kA phala hamArA vartamAna jIvana hai aura vartamAna karmoM kA phala hamArA bhAvI jIvana hai| karma aura punarjanma kA avicchedya saMbaMdha hai| karma kI sattA svIkAra karane para usake phalarUpa paraloka yA punarjanma kI sattA bhI svIkAra karanI par3atI hai| jina karmoM kA phala vartamAna bhava meM prApta nahIM hotA una karmoM ke bhoga ke lie punarjanma mAnanA Avazyaka hai| punarjanma aura pUrvabhava na mAnA jAegA to kRtakarma kA nirhetuka vinAza aura akRtakarma kA bhoga mAnanA pdd'egaa| aisI sthiti meM karma-vyavasthA dUSita ho jaaegii| ina doSoM ke parihAra hetu hI karmavAdiyoM ne punarjanma kI sattA svIkAra kI hai|

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416 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa jaina karma siddhAnta saMbaMdhI sAhitya sabhI bhAratIya darzana kisI na kisI rUpa meM karmavAda ko svIkAra karate haiN| karmavAda saMbaMdhI siddhAntoM ke nirUpaNa meM jaina AcAryoM kA apanA maulika yogadAna rahA hai| isa siddhAnta kA viziSTa nirUpaNa jainAcAyoM dvArA racita jainakarmasiddhAnta saMbaMdhI sAhitya meM prApta hotA hai| karmavAda kA sAmAnya vivecana to prAya: jaina Agamika tathA dArzanika granthoM evaM jaina kathA sAhitya meM milatA hai, kintu vizeSa vivecana karma saMbaMdhI vizAla sAhitya meM milatA hai| jaina paramparA do bhAgo meM vibhakta hai- zvetAmbara aura digmbr| donoM hI paramparAoM meM karma-saMbaMdhI sAhitya kA sarjana huA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, praznavyAkaraNa tathA vipAka sUtra ityAdi meM karmasiddhAnta ke yatra-tatra bikhare hue vivaraNa upalabdha hote haiM, jabaki sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, bhagavatI, prajJApanA evaM uttarAdhyayana meM isake suvyavasthita evaM bahuvistRta vivaraNa upalabdha hote haiN| sthAnAMga sUtra meM baMdhana ke cAra prakAroM-prakRtibaMdha, sthitibaMdha, anubhAga baMdha evaM pradeza baMdha kI carcA hai|316 baMdha, udaya, udIraNA, upazamana, nidhatti Adi kA bhI ullekha samprApta hotA hai| isa prakAra sthAnAMga meM AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga kI apekSA jaina karma-siddhAnta kA vikasita rUpa parilakSita hotA hai| samavAyAMga sUtra meM jJAnAvaraNIya, vedanIya, Ayu, nAma aura antarAya ina pA~ca karmoM kI kramaza: 5, 2, 4, 42 aura 5 isa prakAra 58 uttaraprakRtiyoM kI carcA hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki kisa prakAra ke karmoM kA apavartana, saMkramaNa, nidhatti, nikAcanA Adi sambhava hai| isa Agama meM mohanIya karma tathA usake baMdhana, udaya evaM udIraNA Adi se saMbaMdhita tathyoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| upAsakadazAMga, antakRtadazAMga tathA anuttaraupapAtika Adi aMgasUtroM meM karma viSayaka koI carcA nahIM hai| upAMga sAhitya meM prajJApanA aura jIvAbhigama ke kucha aMza ko chor3akara zeSa upAMgoM meM karmasiddhAnta se saMbaMdhita sAmagrI kA abhAva hI dRSTigocara hotA hai| prajJApanA meM karmasiddhAnta kA suniyojita, suvistRta evaM suspaSTa vivaraNa milatA hai| mUlasUtra uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM mukhya rUpa se karma kI ATha mUla prakRtiyoM evaM unakI adhikAMza uttaraprakRtiyoM ke nAmollekha milate haiN| zvetAmbara Agama-sAhitya ke tIna mUlasUtroM, chedasUtra, cUlikAsUtra evaM prakIrNakoM meM karmasiddhAnta kA koI vikasita svarUpa parilakSita nahIM hotaa|

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 417 Agama ke atirikta zivazarmasUri racita 'kammapayaDi' aura candrarSimahattara viracita 'paMcasaMgraha' mahattvapUrNa karmagrantha hai| karmavipAka, karmastava, baMdhasvAmitva, SaDazIti zataka aura saptatikA ye prAcIna SaTkarmagrantha haiN| digambara paramparA meM digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM SaTkhaNDAgama kA anyatama sthAna hai| isa grantha ke kartA AcArya puSpadanta aura bhUtabali haiN| isameM cha: khaNDa haiM- jIvasthAna, kSudrakabaMdha, bandhasvAmitvavicaya, vedanA, vargaNA aura mhaabNdh| karmasiddhAnta ke vibhinna pakSoM se saMbaMdhita vistRta vivaraNoM kA eka sthAna para saMkalana SaTkhaNDAgama grantha hI prastuta karatA hai| jaina karmasiddhAnta meM saMbaMdhita zAyada hI koI aisA tathya hogA jo isa grantha kI painI dRSTi se achUtA hogaa| SaTkhaNDAgama kI taraha dRSTivAda nAmaka bArahaveM aMga se utpanna kasAyapAhuDasutta bhI karmasiddhAnta kA vyAkhyA grantha hai, jo Aja lupta ho gayA hai| AcArya nemicandra viracita gommaTasAra 'karmakANDa' meM nau viSayoM kA pratipAdana huA hai- 1. prakRtisamutkIrtana 2. bandhodayasatva 3. sattvasthAnabhaMga 4. tricUlikA 5. sthAnasamutkIrtana 6. pratyaya 7. bhAva-cUlikA 8. trikaraNacUlikA 9. krmsthitircnaa| inhIM kI racanA 'labdhisAra' meM karmabaMdhana se mukta hone ke upAyoM kA vistRta vivecana hai| amitagati kRta paMcasaMgraha meM gadyapadyAtmaka 1456 zloka haiN| yaha gommaTasAra kA saMskRta rUpAntara sA hai| digambara sAhitya meM karma viSayaka tathyoM ko sUkSma, gUDha evaM gambhIra zailI meM varNita kiyA gayA hai, vahIM zvetAmbara sAhitya meM karma-viSayaka tathya apekSAkRta sarala, subodha evaM sugama zailI meM nirUpita kie gae haiN| karma siddhAnta ko eka suniyojita evaM suvyavasthita svarUpa pradAna karane meM donoM hI paramparAoM ke granthoM kA vizeSa yogadAna hai|398 jaina vAGmaya meM ekAnta karmavAda evaM usakA khaNDana AcArAMga sUtra evaM usakI zIlAMka TIkA meM karmavAda AcArAMga sUtra meM AtmavAdI, lokavAdI Adi ke sAtha karmavAdI ko bhI parigaNita kiyA gayA hai|319 zIlAMkAcArya ne isa sUtra para TIkA karate hue karmavAdiyoM kI mAnyatA nimna zabdoM meM prastuta kI hai- "karma jJAnAvaraNIyAdi tad vadituM shiilmsy| karmaNo jagadvaicitryavAdini, yato hi prANino mithyAtvAvirati

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320 418 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa pramAdakaSAyayogaiH pUrve gatyAdiyogyAni karmANyAdadate pazcAttAsu tAsu virUparUpAsu yoniSu utpahAnte karma ca prakRtisthityanubhAgapradezAtmakamavaseyamiti / anena ca kAlayadRcchAniyatIzvarAtmavAdino nirastA draSTavyAH / arthAt jJAnAvaraNIya Adi karma kA kathana karane vAle karmavAdI haiN| karmavAdI jagat kI vicitratA kA kAraNa karma ko mAnate haiN| inake anusAra prANI mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga se pahale gati Adi ke yogya karmoM ko grahaNa karate haiM tathA bAda meM una bhinna prakAra kI yoniyoM meM utpanna hote haiN| yaha karma prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga aura pradeza svarUpa jAnanA cAhie / isa karmavAda ke dvArA kAlavAdI, yadRcchAvAdI, niyativAdI, IzvaravAdI aura AtmavAdI nirasta ho jAte haiN| dvAdazAranayacakra meM karmavAda kA upasthApana evaM pratyavasthAna karma- ekAntavAdI puruSakAra ko kAraNa nahIM mAnate, ve puruSakAra ko nAnAphaloM ko pradAna karane meM asamartha mAnate haiM tathA karma kI kAraNatA siddha karate haiN| dvAdazAranayacakra meM mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa (5vIM zatI) ne karma ko ekAnta kAraNa mAnane vAle dArzanikoM kI ora se vibhinna tarka upasthita kie haiM, ve nimna haiM 1. puruSakAra dvArA kArya kI siddhi na hone se karma kI siddhi- "yadi pravartayitRttvAt puruSakAraH kAraNaM syAt tataH pradhAnamadhyamAdhamabhinnAH siddhayo'siddhayo vA nAnA na syuH, utkarSArthikAraNaikatvAt '321 arthAt yadi pravartaka hone se puruSakAra hI kAraNa hai to pradhAna, madhyama aura adhama rUpa meM nAnA prakAra kI siddhiyA~ aura asiddhiyA~ nahIM ho sakatI kyoMki puruSakAravAdI to utkarSa ko cAhane vAle hote haiN| utkarSArthI ke dvArA pradhAna, madhyama aura adhama puruSakAra saMbhava nahIM hai| ve to siddhi ke hI abhilASI hote haiM, asiddhi ke nahIM; phira bhI nAnA prakAra kI siddhiyA~ aura asiddhiyA~ dekhI jAtI haiN| isalie inake pIche koI na koI dUsarA kAraNa honA cAhie, jo karma hI hai| 322 2. kArya kI bhinnatA se karma kI siddhi- kArya kI bhinnatA se kAraNa kI bhinnatA kA bodha hotA hai aura isa bhinnatA kA pravartaka kAraNa karma hI hai| puruSakAra meM yaha bheda kA vyApAra saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha cetanA mAtra bala hai| karma ke binA yaha bheda saMbhava nahIM hai| pazutva meM vidyamAna jIva manuSya jIvana kI caitanya zakti kA AdhAna karane meM samartha nahIM hai aura manuSya hokara vaha pazu-jIvana kI caitanya zakti kA AdhAna karane meM samartha nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha zakti to karmalabhya hai| 323

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 419 3. puruSa asvatantra : karmavaza hone se- puruSa kI paravazatA ko svIkAra karate hue kSamAzramaNa hetu dete haiM- "yo'pi ca puruSaH so'svataMtraH, karmaparavazatvAt, vetAlAviSTazavazarIravat 124 jo bhI puruSa hai vaha asvataMtra hai, karma ke paravaza hone ke kaarnn| vetAla se AviSTa zava-zarIra kI bhaaNti| jisa prakAra vetAla se AviSTa zava vetAla ke adhIna hotA hai usI prakAra karma se AviSTa puruSa svaMtatra nahIM hai| isalie AhAra vizeSa ke bhakSaNa se jo khala, rasa Adi kA vibhAjana hotA hai, una ajJAta kriyAoM meM puruSa asvataMtra hotA hai| ve kriyAe~ karmakRta hai, kintu puruSa use 'maiMne kI' aisA samajhatA hai|325 yadi puruSa svataMtra ho to vaha iSTa kriyAe~ hI karegA, anya nhiiN| isalie saba kucha kriyAoM meM karma hI kAraNa hai|226 4. puruSakAra bhI karmarUpa- puruSArthavAdI zaMkA upasthita karate hue kahate haiM ki karma ko kAraNa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki usako sahAyaka kAraNa kI apekSA hotI hai| jaise bhAra ko Dhone vAle puruSa ko bhAra rakhane aura utArane vAle sahayogI kI apekSA hotI hai usI prakAra karma kI kAraNatA meM puruSakAra kA sahayoga hotA hai|327 karmavAdI samAdhAna dete haiM ki jo puruSakAra hotA hai, vaha bhI dharma yA adharma svarUpa phala pradAna karane ke kAraNa karma hI hai- "yo'pisvAmipuruSakAraH so'pyadharmaphalatvAt karmeva, klezatvAt, jvaravat 128 yadi phala kI prApti ahetuka ho to mukta jIvoM meM bhI dharma-adharma yA sukha-duHkha svarUpa phala kI prApti honI caahie| yadi phala kI prApti sahetuka hai to usakA hetu karma hI hai| karmavAda kA khaNDana ekAnta karmavAda ucita nahIM hai| isake saMbaMdha meM mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa aura AcArya siMhasUri ne vibhinna tarka upasthita kie haiM, jo nimna haiM 1. karma kAraNa nahIM kArya- karmavAdI karma ko kAraNa mAnate haiM jabaki karma kArya-lakSaNa vAlA hotA hai| karma kA jo lakSaNa hai usase kartA kA anumAna hotA hai jaisA ki kahA hai- 'karturIpsitatamaM karma' arthAt kartA ko jo Ipsita hotA hai, use karma kahate haiN| karma ke isa lakSaNa se karma ke atirikta kartA kA usI prakAra anumAna hotA hai jaise ghaTa kArya ko dekhakara usake kartA kulAla kA anumAna hotA hai|329 2. karmavAdI dvArA pradatta hetu asAdhya kA sAdhaka- yadi yaha zaMkA kI jAya- "nanu karmaNaiva kariSyata iti svata eva karmaNA karma kriyate na

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jainadarzana meM kAraNa- kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa tadUyatiriktena kartretyuktaM prAg dRSTAnte vrIhiNaiva vrIhiH kAryeNa bIjavrIhiNA kAryo'kuMravrIhiH kriyata ityuktaM '330 arthAt karma ke dvArA hI karma kiyA jAtA hai, karma se bhinna kartA ke dvArA karma nahIM kiyA jaataa| jaise ki brIhi ke dvArA hI brIhi utpanna hotA hai arthAt kArya svarUpa bIja brIhi ke dvArA aMkura vrIhi rUpa kArya utpanna hotA hai| isalie karma se hI karma utpanna hotA hai kartA ko mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| 420 samAdhAna prastuta karate hue kahate haiM ki brIhi se brIhi utpanna hone kA jo dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai, vaha samyak nahIM hai kyoMki brIhi utpanna hone ke lie pRthvI, jala, AkAza, vAyu Adi kI AvazyakatA hotI hai; jo brIhi se pRthak bhUta kartA ko mAne binA saMbhava nahIM hai| isalie ApakA dRSTAnta viparIta sAdhya kA hI sAdhaka hai| 331 dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki 'karturIpsitatamaM karma' lakSaNa se jo karma kA svarUpa prakaTa hotA hai, usase karma ke nirvivAda rUpa se kRtaka hone ke kAraNa vaha kartA kA hI kArya siddha hotA hai aura vaha kartA puruSa yA AtmA hai| usa kartA AtmA meM karma se karane kI zakti AtI hai| 332 ,333 3. karma puruSa 'ke Azrita - karma-zakti kI svataMtratA kA apanA koI svarUpa nahIM hai / yathA - " na hi sa kriyamANaH, karmaNo'svataMtratve sati alabdhAtmavRttitvAdabhavanamAbhUtadevadattavat' jisa prakAra utpanna hone vAlA devadatta garbhAvasthA meM asvataMtra hotA hai, isalie vaha vahA~ akartA hai; usI prakAra kriyamANa karma bhI svataMtra nahIM raha sakatA / utpanna hone vAle athavA kriyamANa karma ko pRthagbhUta puruSa yA AtmA kA Azraya lenA hotA hai| 334 4. zAstra kI vyarthatA kA prasaMga- ekAnta karmavAda ke khaNDana meM AcArya siMhasUri tarka dete hai- 'kiMcAnyat, puruSakArapratyAkhyAne sarvazAstravaiyarthyaprasaMga: puruSakAra yA AtmavAda kA pratyAkhyAna karane para to samasta zAstra kI vyarthatA kA prasaMga upasthita ho jaaegaa| puruSArtha hetu prerita karane vAlI upadezAdi kriyA bhI taba vyartha ho jAegI kyoMki phira to karma se hI pravRtti mAnanI hogii| 5. karma kI pravRtti kA kartA AtmA- karmavAdI ke anusAra karma kI pravRtti mAtra se hI zAstra ke artha evaM upadezAdi kI kriyAe~ sampanna ho jaaegii| ye sabhI kriyAe~ pratipatti aura apratipatti meM karma se hI hotI hai / 235 isa kAraNa kI aikAntikatA saMstutya nahIM hai, kyoMki 'atha tadAdikarma kutaH ? brUyAstvam-oM puruSAdeveti / karmata eva na, brIhivaidharmyeNAkartRkatvAt, AtmAdivat, notkSepaNavat' 36 Adi meM karma kahA~ se AyA? yadi karmavAdI kaheMge ki puruSa se

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 421 AyA hai to phira karma se karma kA AnA kaise kahA jaaegaa| jisa prakAra utkSepaNa karma binA kartA ke saMbhava nahIM hai usI prakAra karma mAtra kA kartA AtmA ko mAnanA hogaa| 6. AtmA aura karma meM anyonyabhAva- AtmA aura karma meM pariNAmya aura pariNAmaka bhAva hone ke kAraNa ekatva hai| AtmA meM vaisA sAmarthya hone se vaha pudgaloM ko gati, jAti Adi ke rUpa meM pariNamana karatA hai tathA pudgala bhI AtmA ko mithyAdarzana Adi ke kAraNa pariNamita karate haiN| anyonya pariNAmakatA evaM pariNAmya ke kAraNa inameM anAdi se ekatA hai|337 AtmA aura karma paraspara eka dUsare ke kAraNa banate haiM, ata: ekAnta karmavAda siddha nahIM hotaa| 7. jJAna bhI karmajanya nahI- rUpa Adi ko pudgala kA svarUpa mAnA jAtA hai, kintu jJAna darzana rUpa upayoga ke binA unakI upalabdhi nahIM hotI aura jo upayoga svarUpa mati Adi jJAna haiM, unameM bhI rUpAdi kA jJAna karane ke kAraNa unameM pudgalAtmakatA pAI jAtI hai| isa prakAra eka mAtra karma ko kAraNa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| zAstravArtA samuccaya evaM usakI TIkA meM karmavAda kA nirasana AThavIM zatI ke haribhadrasUri ne kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda aura niyativAda ke pazcAt karmavAda kA yuktiyukta pratipAdana kiyA hai| karmavAda ke pakSa meM vibhinna yuktiyA~ dI haiM, ve isa prakAra haiM1. bhogya padArtha kI siddhi se karma kI siddhi na bhoktRvyatirekeNa bhogyaM jagati vidyte| na cAkRtasya bhoktA syAnmuktAnAM bhogbhvtH||29 saMsAra meM bhogane yogya vastue~ bhoga karane vAle bhoktA ke lie hotI hai| inakA astitva bhoktA para nirbhara hotA hai, kyoMki 'bhogyaNadasya sasaMbandhikatvAt' arthAt 'bhogya' pada saMbaMdhisApekSa haiN| ata: bhoktArUpa saMbaMdhI ke abhAva meM usakA astitva nahIM ho sktaa| bhoktA ke lie bhI niyama hai ki vaha akRta karma kA bhoga nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki 'svavyApArajanyasyaiva svabhogyatvadarzanAt' jo jisake vyApAra se utpanna hotA hai vahI usakA bhogya hotA hai| yaha niyama svIkAra nahIM kiyA jAya to mukta puruSoM meM bhI bhoga kI Apatti hogii| isa prakAra bhoktA ko bhogya padArtha svakRta karmAnusAra hI milate haiN| ataH bhogya padArtha kI prApti se puruSa ke karmoM kI siddhi svata: ho jAtI hai|

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422 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 2. sukha-duHkha ke rUpa meM jagat bhogya hone se karmakRta jagat kI siddhi- karmavAdiyoM ke mata meM- "jIvoM kA pUrvArjita karma hI jagata kA utpAdaka hotA hai" isa saMbaMdha meM haribhadrasUri kA nimnAMkita tarka mahattvapUrNa hai bhogyaM ca vizvaM sattvAnAM vidhinA tena tena yt| dRzyate'dhyakSamevedaM tasmAt tatkarmajaM hi tt||340 isa tarka kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki yaha jagat sukha-duHkha Adi ko utpanna karake hI jIvoM kA bhogya hotA hai| jisakA anubhava prANimAtra karatA hai| cUMki sukhaduHkha karmajanya hote haiM, ata: jagat bhoktA ke karmoM se hI utpanna hotA hai| isa saMdarbha meM yazovijaya ne kahA- 'jagaddhetatvaM karmaNyeva, itareSAM parAbhimatahetUnAM vyabhicAritvAditi bhAvaH 41 arthAt jagat kI kAraNatA jIva ke karmoM meM hI hai, kAraNa ki anya vAdiyoM dvArA batAe gae kAraNa vyabhicarita ho jAte haiM, kyoMki una kAraNoM ke rahane para bhI kabhI kArya nahIM hotA aura kabhI unake abhAva meM bhI kArya ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra karmavAdI kA mata yuktisiddha hai| 3. bhoktA ke anukUla karma ke abhAva meM mUMgapAka azakya- saMsAra meM bhogya padArtha kartA yA bhoktA ke anukUla (pUrvakRta karma) adRSTa ke abhAva meM upalabdha nahIM hote| kyoMki dRSTa kAraNa adRSTa ke mAdhyama se prakaTa hote haiN| isalie karmavAda meM dRSTa kAraNa ko mahattva na dekara adRSTa kAraNa ko hI sabhI kAryoM kA janaka kahA hai| ise udAharaNa ke dvArA samajhAte hue haribhadra likhate haiM na ca tatkarmavaidhurye mudgpktirpiikssyte| sthAlyAdibhaMgabhAvena yat kvcinnoppaate||242 bhoktA ke adRSTa ke abhAva meM mUMga kA pAka bhI hotA nahIM dikhatA, kyoMki kaI bAra manuSya jaba mUMga pakAne lagatA hai to pAkapAtra Adi kA akasmAt bhaMga ho jAne se mUMga kA pAka nahIM ho paataa| yahA~ pAkapAtra Adi dRSTa kAraNa kA abhAva hone se pAka nahIM huA, yaha kahanA paryApta nahIM hai, kyoMki dRSTa kAraNa kA abhAva kisI nimitta se hI hogA aura usakA jo nimitta hogA vaha koI dRSTa nimitta pramANa siddha na hone se adRSTa rUpa hI hogaa| ata: adRSTa ko hI muMga pAka Adi kArya ke abhAva kA prayojaka mAna lenA ucita hai| kahA bhI gayA hai- 'taddhetorevA'stu kiM tena' arthAt jo kArya apane hetu ke hetu se utpanna hotA hai, usI ko hI hetu mAnA jAya, dUsare ko kyoM mAnA jAya? isa nyAya se kArya ko sAkSAt adRSTa se utpanna mAnane para kahIM bhI dRSTa kAraNa kI apekSA nahIM hogii|343

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 423 4. Akasmika dhana-lAbha Adi meM adRSTa karma hI kAraNa- kabhI-kabhI binA kisI prayatna ke hI manuSya ko vipula dhana kI prApti ho jAtI hai| isameM dRSTa kAraNa kA abhAva hai phira bhI dhana-prApti ho rahI hai| ata: dRSTa padArthoM meM yadi kahIM kisI kArya ke prati kAraNatva kA vyavahAra hotA hai to isalie nahIM ki dRSTa padArtha sacamuca kAraNa hai kintu vaha vyavahAra isalie hotA hai ki kArya kI utpatti ke pUrva unakA sannidhAna avarjanIya hotA hai| unakA avarjanIya sannidhAna adRSTa ke kAraNa svarUpa hotA hai| ata: yaha svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ki dRSTa kAraNa adRSTa ke vyaMjaka hote haiM na ki kArya ke vAstavika kaarnn| kArya kA vAstavika kAraNa to adRSTa hI hotA hai|344 isI taraha jo hameM Akasmika dhanalAbha kI prApti hotI hai, usameM vAstavika kAraNa adRSTa hai| bAhya kAraNa anivArya sannidhAna ke rUpa meM upasthita rahate hai| isa saMbaMdha meM prasiddha zloka nimna hai yathA yathA pUrvakRtasya karmaNaH phalaM nidhaansthmivaa'vtisstthte| tathA tathA tatpratipAdanodyAtA pradIpahasteva matiH prvrtte||345 arthAt koSa meM dhana ke samAna pUrvakRta karma kA phala pahale se hI vidyamAna rahatA hai| vaha jisa-jisa rUpa se avasthita rahatA hai usa usa rUpa meM use sulabha karane ke lie manuSya kI buddhi satata udyata rahatI hai aura usI usI prakAra se use prApta karane ke lie mAnoM hAtha meM dIpa liye Age-Age calatI hai| 5. kAla bhI karma kI hI vizeSa avasthA- kAla-vipAka hone para hI manuSya ko bhogya sAmagrI upalabdha hotI hai| aisA mAnane para karmavAda meM kAlavAda ke praveza kI zaMkA upasthita ho jAtI hai| isake nivAraNArtha yazovijaya tarka dete haiM- 'tasya karmAvasthAvizeSarUpatvAt 16 arthAt kAla bhI karma kI eka vizeSa avasthA hI hai| kAla ke karma kA aMgabhUta hone se kAlavAda ke praveza kI AzaMkA bebuniyAda hai| 6. bhogya padArthoM kI bhinnatA meM karma kI bhinnatA kAraNa- bhogya padArtha bhinna-bhinna haiN| isalie unake kAraNa rUpa karma bhI bhinna-bhinna haiN| yadi karma ko bhinna-bhinna nahIM mAneMge to bhogyoM kI bhinnatA nahIM ho skegii| kahIM vaha karma rUpa kAraNa udbhUta hotA hai aura kahIM anudbhuut| nyAya-vaizeSikoM ne bhI zAli, yava Adi ke bIjoM ke naSTa hone para unako paramANu rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| paramANu meM zAlitva, yavatva Adi kA bheda dikhAI nahIM par3atA, tathApi unhoMne adRSTa ke dvArA hI paramANubhUta zAlibIjoM se zAli aMkuroM kI tathA paramANubhUta yava-bIjoM se yavAMkuroM kI utpatti svIkAra kI hai|348 isalie kArya kI bhinnatA meM karma yA kAraNa kI

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424 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa bhinnatA Avazyaka hai| jIvoM ke nAnAphaloM meM karma kI bhinnatA hI kAraNa hai| niyati Adi kI kAraNatA svIkAra karanA ucita nhiiN|349 khaNDana mahopAdhyAya yazovijaya ne karma kI ekAntataH kAraNatA kA khaNDana kiyA hai| unake anusAra yadi adRSTa ko hI sarvatra kAraNa mAnA jAe to mokSa ke abhAva kI Apatti hogii|50 kyoMki 'mokSasya karmAjanyatvAt 151 mokSa karmajanya nahIM hotA aura karmavAda meM karma se bhinna kisI ko kAraNa nahIM mAnA jaataa| isa prakAra kAraNa kA sarvathA abhAva ho jAne se mokSa kA honA asaMbhava ho jaaegaa| koI karmavAda ke rakSaNa meM yaha kahe ki 'AtmasvarUNAvasthAnarUpo mokSaH karmakSayeNAbhivyajyata eva, na tu janyata eva 52 arthAt AtmA kA apane vizuddha rUpa meM avasthAna hI mokSa hai, karmakSaya se usakI abhivyakti mAtra hotI hai, utpatti nahIM hotii| ata: kAraNAbhAva meM bhI usakA astitva akSuNNa raha sakatA hai| to yaha kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai| mokSasvarUpa karmakSaya kAraNa rUpa karma ke abhAva hone para nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki karmakSaya bhI karma se hotA nahIM aura karma se bhinna koI kAraNa isa mata meM mAnya nahIM hai| sanmatitarka TIkA meM karmavAda kA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana karmavAda kA sthApana- abhayadeva sUri (10vIM zatI) kahate haiM ki karmavAdiyoM kA mata hai- janmAntara meM arjita iSTa evaM aniSTa phala ko pradAna karane vAlA karma samasta jagat ke vaicitrya kA kAraNa hai| jaisA ki kahA hai "yathA yathA pUrvakRtasya karmaNaH phalaM nidhaansthmivaavtisstthte| tathA tathA tatpratipAdanodyatA pradIpahasteva matiH prvrtte||" "svakarmaNA yukta eva sarvo hyutpadyate nrH| sa tathA kRSyate tena, yathA'yaM svymicchti||353 arthAt jaise pUrvakRta karma kA phala khajAne meM sthita dhana kI bhA~ti hotA hai, jo samaya Ane para upasthita hotA hai| vaise hI hAtha meM rakhe hue dIpaka ke samAna buddhi kI pravRtti bhI pUrvakRta karmAnusAra hI hotI hai| anya zloka meM kahA hai apane karma se yukta hI sabhI manuSya utpanna hote haiM tathA vaha karma se usI prakAra khIMcA jAtA hai mAno vaha svayaM cAhatA ho|

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 425 eka samAna deza, kAla, kula, AkAra vAle tathA samAna ceSTA(prayatna) vAle ko kabhI artha kI prApti hone va kabhI na hone meM deza, kAla, AkAra Adi kAraNa nahIM ho skte| dRzyamAna kAraNoM ke samAna hone ke kAraNa ye phala prApti meM bhedaka nahIM ho skte| isalie dRSTa kAraNoM se atirikta adRSTa kAraNa hai|354 karmavAda kA khaNDana yaha mata asamyak hai, isake saMbaMdha meM tIna hetu prastuta kie jA rahe haiM 1. anavasthA doSa- karma kI kAraNatA ke pIche anavasthA doSa kA prasaMga upasthita hotA hai| isalie kahA hai- "kulAlAderghaTAdikAraNatvenAdhyAkSataH pratIyamAnasya parihAreNa parAdRSTakAraNaprakalpanayA tatparihAreNa parAdRSTakAraNakalyAnayA anavasthAprasaMgataH kvacidapi kAraNapratiniyamAnupapatteH 155 arthAt ghaTAdi kAryoM ke prati kulAlAdi kA kAraNa honA pratyakSa se pratIyamAna hai, isakA parihAra karate hue anya adRSTa kAraNoM kI kalpanA karanA tathA phira usakA parihAra karane ke lie usase bhI bhinna adRSTa kAraNa kI kalpanA karanA anavasthA doSa kA kAraNa hai| isa prakAra kahIM bhI kArya-kAraNa kI vyavasthA utpanna nahIM ho skegii| 2. mAtra karma se jagat vicitratA asaMbhava- karma kI vicitratA ko svataMtra kAraNa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki vaha (karma) kartA ke adhIna hai| eka svabhAva vAle karma se jagat kI vicitratA mAnanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki kAraNa kI bhinnatA ke binA kArya meM bhinnatA nahIM A sktii| yadi karma ko aneka svabhAva vAlA svIkAra kiyA jAe to aneka kAraNoM ko mAnane meM aura isa karma meM nAmamAtra kA bheda raha jAtA hai| isalie vAstava meM puruSa, kAla, svabhAva Adi kI bhI jagat ke vaicitrya meM kAraNatA svIkRta hai|256 3. adhiSThAtA cetana ke bagaira 'karma' nirAlamba- karma kA cetana tattva Alambana hai, usa Alambana ke binA karma apanA kArya nahIM kara sakatA kyoMki 'cetanavatA'nadhiSThitamacetanatvAdvAsyAdivat vartate atha tadadhiSThAyaka: puruSo'bhyupagamyate na tarhi kamaikAntavAdaH puruSasya tadadhiSThAyakatvena jagadvaicitryakAraNatvopapate: 157 cetana se anadhiSThita acetana karma vAsyAdi (kulhAr3I) kI bhA~ti hai, jisakA koI adhiSThAyaka nahIM hai| yadi usakA adhiSThAyaka puruSa svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai to karma ekAntavAda khaNDita ho jAtA hai| jagat ke vaicitrya meM taba puruSa ko adhiSThAyaka rUpa se kAraNa mAnanA hogaa| koI vastu kevala nitya yA kevala anitya hone para kArya ko utpanna nahIM krtii| aisA aneka bAra pratipAdana kiyA hai| isalie ekAnta karmavAda bhI yuktiyukta nahIM hai|

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426 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa niSkarSa pUrvakRta karmavAda ke anusAra jIva ke dvArA kiye gae kamoM kA hI phala sukha-duHkha Adi ke rUpa meM prApta hotA hai tathA yahI jagat kI vicitratA kA kAraNa hai| apane-apane kRta karmoM ke kAraNa hI jIva vibhinna yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa karate haiM tathA karmoM kI bhinnatA ke AdhAra para bhinna-bhinna zarIra grahaNa karake apane kRta karmoM kA phala bhoga karate haiN| bhAratIya cintana meM karmavAda kI jar3e bhI gaharI haiN| vaidika vAGmaya tathA bauddha aura jaina grantha isake sAkSI haiN| karmavAda kA pratipAdana karane vAle grantha jaina darzana meM svatantra rUpa se upalabdha hai| kintu ekAnta karmavAda ke poSaka grantha na to prApta hote haiM aura na hI unakA ullekha milatA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne paMca samavAya kA pratipAdana karate hue pUrvakRta karmavAda ko to aMgIkAra kiyA hai kintu usakI ekAnta kAraNatA kA pratiSedha bhI kiyA hai| vaidika saMhitAoM meM zubha-azubha karmoM ko vyakta karane vAle zubhaspatiH, dhiyaspatiH, vicarSaNiH, vizvacarSaNiH, vizvasya karmaNo dhartA Adi zabdoM evaM vAkyoM kA prayoga huA hai| yajJAdi karmoM kA yajurveda meM aneka prakAra se vidhAna hai| kucha maMtroM meM yaha spaSTa nirUpaNa hai ki zubha karma ko karane se amaratva kI prApti hotI hai| Rgveda ke maMtroM meM pUrvakRta karma kA spaSTa pratipAdana nahIM hai kintu maharSi dayAnanda sarasvatI ne eka maMtra kI vyAkhyA karate hue Izvara ko pUrvakRta karmoM kA phala pradAtA batAyA hai| upaniSadoM meM karmavAda para dArzanika cintana upalabdha hai| bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, kaThopaniSad, taittirIyopaniSad aitareyopaniSad, chAndogyopaniSad Adi upaniSadoM meM karma ke anusAra phala prApti kI puSTi karane vAle vAkya samupalabdha haiN| saMnyAsopaniSad meM kahA gayA hai- 'karmaNA madhyAte janturvidyAyA ca vimucyate 258 arthAt karma se jIva baMdhana ko prApta hotA hai tathA vidyA se mukti ko prApta karatA hai| brahmabindUpaniSad meM mana ko baMdhana evaM mokSa kA kAraNa nirUpita kiyA gayA hai- 'mana eva manuSyANAM kAraNaM bNdhmokssyoH| 59 upaniSad vAGmaya meM karma ke baMdhana punarjanma aura mokSa Adi kA samyak pratipAdana hai| purANoM meM do prakAra ke karma nirUpita haiN| eka ve jo baMdhana ke hetu haiM tathA dUsare ve jo baMdhana ke hetu nahIM haiN| purANoM meM pUrvakRta karma kA daiva yA bhAgya ke rUpa meM nirUpaNa hai| AdikAvya rAmAyaNa meM karma siddhAnta pUrNataH sthApita hai- 'yAdazaM kurute

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 427 karma tAdRzaM phalamaznute 16deg mahAbhArata meM dharmAnukUla AcaraNa ko puNya tathA usase pratikUla AcaraNa ko pApa kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| manuSya kI mRtyu ko bhI karmAdhIna nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| mRtyu ke pazcAt jIva kI gati unake apane-apane karmoM ke anusAra pratipAdita kI gaI hai| pUrvajanma yA punarjanma kI mAnyatA ko bhI mahAbhArata meM sthAna diyA gayA hai| bhagavad gItA meM karma saMbaMdhI mAnyatAoM ko sahaja DhaMga se vivecita evaM vizleSita kiyA gayA hai| gItA kA kathana hai ki phalecchA kI Asakti rakhane vAlA puruSa sadA karmoM se baMdhatA hai aura anAsakta bhAva se karma karane vAlA puruSa naiSThika zAnti ko prApta karatA hai| gItA meM manuSya ko svataMtra rUpa se karma karane kA adhikArI to mAnA gayA hai kintu phala ko IzvarAdhIna batAyA gayA hai| 'vAsAMsi jIrNAni yathAvihAya 61 zloka punarjanma ke siddhAnta ko puSTa karatA hai| saMskRta sAhitya ke vibhinna granthoM meM daiva, bhAgya yA karma siddhAnta kI puSTi huI hai| zukranIti meM pUrvajanma meM kiye hue karma ko bhAgya aura isa janma meM kiye jAne karma ko puruSArtha kahA hai|262 svapnavAsavadatta meM 'kAlakrameNa jagataH parivartamAnA cakrArapaMktiriva gacchati bhAgyapaMkti: 163 tathA meghadUta meM 'nIcairgacchatyupari ca dazAcakranemikrameNa 64 vAkya pUrvakRta karma rUpI bhAgya kI puSTi karate haiN| paMcatantra hitopadeza aura nItizataka bhI daiva yA pUrvakRta karma ke siddhAnta ke poSaka haiN| hitopadeza meM pUrvajanma meM kRta karma ko daiva kahA gayA hai- 'pUrvajanmakRtaM karma tat daivamiti kathyate 165 vahA~ sampatti aura vipatti kA kAraNa bhI daiva ko pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai|66 nItizataka meM samasta sRSTi ke saMcAlana ko karma ke adhIna pratipAdita karate hue karma ko namana kiyA gayA hai- 'namastatkarmabhyo vidhirapi na yebhyaH prbhvti|267 yogavAsiSTha meM daiva aura puruSArtha kI vistRta carcA hai| puruSArtha dvArA phala kI prApti ko daiva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ puruSArtha ko hI daiva rUpa meM pariNata mAnA gayA hai tathA daiva kI apekSA puruSArtha kI prabalatA aMgIkAra kI gaI hai| nyAyadarzana meM karma ko adRSTa ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| sAMkhya darzana meM dharma se Upara ke lokoM meM gamana tathA adharma se adholoka meM gamana aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai| mImAMsA darzana meM pratipAdita apUrva siddhAnta ko karma-siddhAnta kA paryAya kahA jA sakatA hai| bauddha darzana meM karma ko caitasika kahate hue use citta ke Azrita mAnA gayA hai| karma ke vahA~ mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika tIna bheda aMgIkRta

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428 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa haiM, jinheM tridaNDa bhI kahA gayA hai| vizuddhi magga meM karma se vipAka aura vipAka se karma kI utpatti kahI gaI hai| karma se hI punarbhava aura loka kI pravRtti svIkAra kI gaI hai / 318 vedAnta darzana ke anusAra baMdhana kA mUla kAraNa avidyA yA ajJAna hai| yogadarzana meM avidyA, asmitA, rAgaT- dveSa aura abhiniveza ko kleza kI saMjJA dete hue pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki kliSTa vRtti se dharmAdharma rUpI saMskAra paidA hote haiM aura ye saMskAra hI karma baMdhana ke hetu haiN| yoga sUtra meM jAti, Ayu aura bhoga ke rUpa meM karma vipAka kI trividhatA nirUpita hai| bhAratIya cintana meM tIna prakAra ke karma nirUpita haiM- 1. saMcita karma 2. prArabdha karma 3. kriyamANa karma / pUrvakRta karma kA phala bhoga prArabdha karma kahalAtA hai| vartamAna meM puruSArtha ke rUpa meM jo kiyA jA rahA hai vaha kriyamANa karma hai| tathA pUrvajanma meM kRta karma saMcita kahalAte haiN| karma - siddhAnta kA sabase adhika vyavasthita nirUpaNa jaina darzana meM upalabdha hai / yaha jaina darzana kA pramukha siddhAnta hai| karma siddhAnta yA karmavAda se sambaddha jaina darzana meM vipula sAhitya hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM prajJApanA sUtra, vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra, sthAnAMga sUtra, uttarAdhyayana sUtra Adi Agama sAhitya ke atirikta kammapayaDi, 6 karmagrantha, paMcasaMgraha Adi aneka grantha upalabdha haiN| digambara paramparA meM SaTkhaNDAgama, kaSAyapAhur3a, gommaTasAra Adi grantha apanA apratima sthAna rakhate haiN| jaina darzana meM karma - siddhAnta kA jitanA vyavasthita evaM vyApaka nirUpaNa upalabdha hotA hai utanA kisI anya darzana meM nhiiN| jaina mAnyatAnusAra karmoM ke kAraNa hI jIva saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai| karmoM kA pUrNa kSaya hI mokSa kA svarUpa hai| jainadarzana meM ATha karma pratipAdita hai- jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya, AyuSya, nAma, gotra aura antarAya / ina ATha karmoM kA svarUpa inake baMdha ke hetuoM Adi kA jaina sAhitya meM vizada pratipAdana huA hai| karma ke baMdhana meM mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga kI bhUmikA svIkAra kI gaI hai| ina pA~ca bandha hetuoM meM bhI yoga aura kaSAya ko adhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| bandha ke cAra prakAra haiM- prakRti baMdha, sthiti baMdha, anubhAga baMdha aura pradeza bNdh| karma ke svabhAva ko prakRti, usakI phala pradAna karane kI avadhi ko sthiti, phaladAna zakti ko anubhAga aura baddha karma - pudgala parimANa ko pradeza baMdha ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA gayA hai| karma siddhAnta ke saMbaMdha meM vizeSAvazyaka bhASya evaM vibhinna granthoM ke AdhAra para isa adhyAya meM jo carcA kI gaI hai, usameM se katipaya bindu niSkarSataH isa prakAra haiM

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 429 AtmA amUrta hai aura karma muurt| ina donoM kA saMyoga anAdi hai kintu mokSa prApti ke samaya inakA viyoga saMbhava hai| mUrta karma kA amUrta AtmA ke sAtha saMbaMdha sambhava hai| jisa prakAra ghaTa mUrta hote hue bhI usakA saMyoga saMbaMdha amUrta AkAra se hotA hai usI prakAra mUrta karma kA amUrta AtmA se saMyoga saMbhava hai| mUrta karma kA amUrta AtmA ke sAtha saMbaMdha hone ke prazna para kucha dArzanikoM kA samAdhAna hai ki karma se yukta AtmA kathaMcit mUrta hai| karmabaMdhana se viyukta hone para usakA amUrta svarUpa prakaTa ho jAtA hai| karma kA kartA aura bhoktA jIva hai| jIva ke sukha-duHkha svayaMkRta haiM, parakRta nhiiN| karma ke phala kA saMvibhAga dUsarA nahIM kara sakatA arthAt eka jIva ke dvArA kiye gaye karma kA phala use hI bhoganA hotA hai| dUsarA use nahIM bA~Ta sktaa| karmabaMdha ke sAmAnya heta mithyAtva, avirati. pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ke hone para bhI pratyeka karma ke baMdha ke apane viziSTa hetu bhI haiM jinakA nirUpaNa tattvArthasUtra Adi granthoM meM spaSTata: huA hai| zubha karma puNya aura azubha karma pApa kahe jAte haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM vizuddhi ko puNya aura saMkleza ko pApa kahA gayA hai| sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti, dehAntara-prApti cetana kI kriyA phalavatI hone se karmoM kI siddhi hotI hai| sukha evaM zubha dehAdi kArya se usake kAraNabhUta puNya karma kA tathA duHkha azubha dehAdi kArya se usake kAraNabhUta pApa karma kA astitva siddha hotA hai| 'suha-dukkhANaM kAraNamaNurUvaM vajjabhAvao'vassaM paramANavo ghaDassa va kAraNamiha puNNapAvAI 369 jaise ghaTa kA anurUpa kAraNa miTTI ke paramANu haiM tathA paTa ke anurUpa kAraNa tantu hai vaise hI sukha kA anurUpa kAraNa puNya karma hai tathA duHkha kA anurUpa kAraNa karma hai| karmoM kA phala pradAna karane ke lie kisI Izvara ko svIkAra karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| AtmA se cipake hue karma-pudgala udaya meM Akara phala pradAna karate haiN| jaba taka jIva ne karmapudgala kA grahaNa nahIM kiyA hai taba taka vaha pudgala zubha yA azubha kisI bhI vizeSaNa se viziSTa nahIM

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11. 430 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa hotaa| kintu jIva usa karma-pudgala kA grahaNa karate hI use zubha yA azubha rUpa meM pariNata kara detA hai| rAga-dveSa se snigdha jIva karma-vargaNA ke vidyamAna karma yogya pudgaloM ko grahaNa karake pApa-puNya meM pariNata karatA hai| karmoM kA baMdha bhale hI anAdi ho, kintu unakA anta saMbhava hai| samasta aSTavidha karmoM kA kSaya hone para mokSa hotA hai- 'kRtsnakarmakSayo mokSaH 370 apane bhAgya kA nirmANa jIva svayaM karatA hai tathA vahI usameM apane puruSArtha ke dvArA kathaMcit parivartana bhI kara sakatA hai| 12. karma kI dazA avasthAe~ svIkAra kI gaI haiM- baMdha, udaya, udIraNA, sattA, udvartanA, apavartanA, saMkramaNa, upazamana, nidhatti aura nikaacn| inheM daza kAraNa bhI kahA gayA hai| karma siddhAnta meM ina daza avasthAoM kA vizeSa mahattva hai| 13. prAyaH bhAratIya darzana meM yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki jIva ne jisa prakAra ke karmoM kA arjana kiyA hai use unakA vaisA hI phala bhoga karanA par3atA hai| jaina darzanAnusAra pUrvabaddha karmoM kA utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa aura saMkramaNa saMbhava hai| pahale bA~dhe gae karmoM kI phaladAna avadhi arthAt sthiti ko vartamAna ke zubhAzubha pariNAmoM se ghaTAyA yA baDhAyA jA sakatA hai| vartamAna ke zubha pariNAmoM ke dvArA pUrvabaddha pApa kamoM kI sthiti ghaTatI hai tathA puNya karmoM kI sthiti baDhatI hai| ghaTane ko apakarSaNa yA apavartana tathA baDhane ko utkarSaNa yA udvartana kahA jAtA hai| isI prakAra karmoM kI phaladAna zakti arthAt anubhAva yA anubhAga meM bhI zubhAzubha pariNAmoM se pUrvabaddha kamoM meM utkarSaNa evaM apakarSaNa saMbhava hai| pUrvabaddha karmoM kA baddhayamAna karmoM meM vartamAna ke bhAvoM ke anusAra saMkramaNa saMbhava hai| isa prakAra jaina darzana kA mantavya hai ki pUrvabaddha kamoM ko usI rUpa meM bhoganA anivArya nahIM hai| unameM yathocita parivartana bhI saMbhava hai| kucha hI karma aise haiM jinheM nikAcita karma kahA jAtA hai, unameM parivartana kisI bhI prakAra saMbhava nahIM hotaa| 14. karma mUrta hai kyoMki usakA kArya zarIrAdi mUrta haiN| vaha isalie bhI mUrta hai kyoMki usase saMbaMdha hone para sukha-duHkhAdi kA anubhava hotA hai| mUrta hone ke sAtha vaha pariNAmI bhI hai|

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 431 jaina darzana meM 'karma siddhAnta' kI pradhAnatA hote hue bhI ekAnta karmavAda kA dvAdazAranayacakra, zAstravArtA samuccaya aura sanmati tarka kI tattvabodhavidhAyinI TIkA meM jainAcAryoM ne upasthApana evaM nirasana kiyA hai| AcArAMga sUtra evaM usakI zIlAMka TIkA meM bhI ekAnta karmavAda kA upasthApana huA hai| ekAnta karmavAda ke upasthApana meM jo tarka die gae haiM ve saMkSepa meM isa prakAra haiM1. jagat kI vicitratA kA kAraNa karma hai| karmavAda ke dvArA kAlavAdI, yadRcchAvAdI, niyativAdI, IzvaravAdI aura AtmavAdI nirasta ho jAte haiN| puruSakAra yA puruSArtha ke dvArA bhI jaba kArya kI siddhi nahIM hotI hai taba pUrvakRta karma hI kAraNa ke rUpa meM siddha hotA hai| puruSakAra ke hote hue bhI kArya kI asiddhi dekhI jAtI hai, isalie siddhi-asiddhi ke pIche koI na koI dUsarA kAraNa hai jo karma hai| 3. kArya kI bhinnatA se kAraNa kI bhinnatA kA bodha hotA hai aura isa bhinnatA kA pravartana kAraNa karma hI hai| 4. karma se AviSTa puruSa usI prakAra asvatantra yA paravaza hai jisa prakAra vetAla se AviSTa shv| 5. puruSArthavAdI zaMkA karate haiM ki karma ko sahAyaka kAraNa ke rUpa meM puruSArtha kI apekSA rahatI hai| karmavAdI isakA samAdhAna dete hue kahate haiM ki jo puruSakAra hotA hai vaha bhI dharma yA adharma svarUpa phala pradAna karane ke kAraNa karma hI hai| bhoktA ko bhogya padArtha svakRta karma ke anusAra hI milate haiM ataH bhogya padArtha kI prApti se puruSa ke karmoM kI siddhi svataH ho jAtI hai| jIvoM kA pUrvArjita karma hI jagat kA utpAdaka hotA hai| jagaddhetutvaM karmaNyeva, itareSAM parAbhimatahetUnAM vyabhicAritvAditi bhAvaH371 arthAt jagat kI kAraNatA jIva ke karmoM meM hI hai| kyoMki anyavAdiyoM ke dvArA batAye gaye kAraNa vyabhicarita ho jAte haiN| bhoktA ke anukUla karma ke abhAva meM mUMga kA pakanA bhI nahIM dekhA jaataa| kabhI-kabhI dRSTa kAraNa kA abhAva hone para bhI Akasmika dhana-lAbha dekhA jAtA hai| usakA kAraNa adRSTa karma hI hai| kAla vipAka hone para koI bhogya sAmagrI kI upalabdhi svIkAra karate haiM kintu vastuta: vaha kAla bhI karma kA hI aMgabhUta hai|

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432 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 10. bhogya padArtha bhinna-bhinna haiM isalie unake kAraNa rUpa karma bhI bhinnabhinna haiN| yadi karma ko bhinna-bhinna nahIM mAneMge to bhogya padArthoM kI bhinnatA nahIM ho skegii| 11. pUrvakRta karma kA phala khajAne meM sthita dhana kI bhA~ti hotA hai, jo samaya Ane para upasthita hotA hai| isI prakAra hAtha meM rakhe hue dIpaka ke samAna buddhi kI pravRtti bhI pUrvakRta karmAnusAra hI hotI hai| ekAnta karmavAda ke nirasana meM jainAcAryoM ne jo tarka die haiM, unameM se katipaya pramukha tarka niSkarSataH isa prakAra hai 1. 3. 4. 5. 6. karmavAdI karma ko kAraNa mAnate haiM jabaki vaha kartA kA kArya hai| 'karturIpsitatamaM karma' lakSaNa se jo karma kA svarUpa prakaTa hotA hai usase karma ke nirvivAda rUpa se kRtaka hone ke kAraNa vaha kartA kA hI kArya siddha hotA hai aura vaha kartA puruSa yA AtmA hai| karma zakti kI svataMtratA kA koI svarUpa nahIM hai| utpanna hone vAle athavA kriyamANa karma ko pRthakbhUta puruSa yA AtmA kA Azraya lenA hotA hai| yadi puruSArtha kA mahattva nahIM hai evaM karma se hI sabakucha hotA hai to samasta zAstra kI vyarthatA kA prasaMga upasthita hotA hai| AtmA aura karma meM pariNAma aura pariNAmaka bhAva pAyA jAtA hai| karma kI pravRtti kA karttA AtmA hai| yadi adRSTa karma ko sarvatra kAraNa mAnA jAya to mokSa ke abhAva kI Apatti hogI kyoMki mokSa karmajanya nahIM hotA hai aura ekAnta karmavAda meM karma se bhinna kisI kAraNa ko nahIM mAnA jAtA / adRSTa karma ko kAraNa mAnane se anavasthA doSa upasthita hogA / ghaTAdi kAryoM ke prati kulAlAdi kAraNa kA honA pratyakSa se pratIyamAna hai| isakA parihAra karate hue anya adRSTa kAraNoM kI kalpanA karanA tathA phira usakA parihAra karane ke lie usase bhI bhinna adRSTa kAraNa kI kalpanA karanA anavasthA doSa ko utpanna karanA hai| karma se jagat kI vicitratA saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki karma kartA ke adhIna hai| eka svabhAva vAle karma se jagat kI vicitratA rUpI kArya nahIM ho

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7. 1. niSkarSa yaha hai ki jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta eka pramukha siddhAnta ke rUpa meM vivecita hone para bhI jaina dArzanika usakI ekAnta kAraNatA se asahamata haiN| ve pUrvakRta karmoM ke sAtha kAla, svabhAva, niyati aura puruSArtha ko bhI kathaMcit mahattva dete haiN| saMdarbha 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. pUrvakRta karmavAda 433 sktaa| yadi karma ko aneka svabhAva vAlA svIkAra kiyA jAe to puruSakAra, svabhAvAdi aneka kAraNoM ko mAnane meM aura isa karma ko mAnane meM nAmamAtra kA bheda raha jaaegaa| 9. 10. AtmA karma kA Alambana hai, usa Alambana ke binA karma apanA kArya nahIM kara sktaa| cetana se anidhiSThita karma vAsyAdi kI bhA~ti hai jisakA koI adhiSThAyaka honA caahie| adhiSThAyaka usako svIkAra karate hI ekAnta karmavAda khaNDita ho jAtA hai| zvetAzvataropaniSad 5.7 nAradIya mahApurANa, uttarakhaNDa, adhyAya 28, rAmAyaNa uttarakANDa, adhyAya 15, zloka 25 mahAbhArata, anuzAsana parva adhyAya 1, zloka 72 , mahAbhArata, vanaparva, adhyAya 183, zloka 76-79 yathA chAyAtapau nityaM susaMbaddhau parasparam, evaM karma ca kartA ca saMzliSTAvitaretaram / - paMcatantra, mitrasamprApti, zloka 132 nItizataka, zloka 95 zloka 65 uttarAdhyayana 20.37 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1612 se 1631 meM 'bhAratIya darzana' umeza mizra, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, prathama saMskaraNa pR. 38 11. veda (Rgveda bhASA bhASya sampUrNa), prakAzaka- dayAnanda saMsthAna, naI dillI-5, maNDala 7, sUkta 87, maMtra 6 12. Rgveda- maNDala 7, sUkta 53, maMtra 2 13. Rgveda - maNDala 1, sUkta 164, maMtra 22 14. muNDakopaniSad 3.1.3

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434 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 15. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 3.2.13 16. chAndogyopaniSad 1.8.6, zAMkarabhASya 17. udghRta IzAdyaSTottarazatopaniSad, pR. 457 18. bRhyabindUpaniSad, maMtra 2 uddhRta IzAdyaSTottarazatopaniSad 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. gItA 6.34 zvetAzvataropaniSad 1.11 27. vahI, 1.10 kaThopaniSad, 1.1.6 24. chAndogyopaniSad 5.10.8 25. 'karmAnugAnyanukrameNa dehI, sthAneSu rUpANyabhisamprapadyate' - zvetAzvataropaniSad "tadyathA tRNajalAyukA tRNasyAntaM gatvAnyamAkramamAkramyAtmAnamupasa haratyevamevAyamAtmedaM zarIraM nihatyAvidyAM gamayitvA'nyamAkramamAkramyAtmAnamupasa harati / tadyathA pezaskArI pezaso mAtrAmupAdAyAnyannavataraM kalyANatara rUpaM tanuta evamevAyamAtmedaM zarIraM nihatyA'vidyAM gamayitvAnyannavataraM kalyANataraM rUpaM kurute pitryaM vA gAndharva vA daivaM vA prAjApatyaM vA brAhmaM vA'nyeSAM vA bhUtAnAm / " - bRhadAraNyaka 4.4, 3-4 5.11 26. guNAnvayo yaH phalakarmakartA kRtasya tasyaiva sa copabhoktA / sa vizvarUpastriguNastrivartmA prANAdhipaH saMcarati svakarmabhiH || 28. 29. Arabhya karmANi guNAnvitAni, bhAvAMzca sarvAn viniyojayed yaH / teSAmabhAve kRtakarmanAzaH, karmakSaye yAti sa tattvato'nyaH || - zvetAzvataropaniSad 5.7 zrI zrIviSNupurANa, gItA presa, gorakhapura, saM. 1990, aMza 1, adhyAya 19, zloka 44 tasmAdyateta puNyeSu ya icchenmahatIM zriyam / yatitvayaM samatve ca nirvANamapi cecchatA / / -zrI zrI viSNupurANa 1.19.46 zrI zrIviSNupurANa 1.19.41 30. 31. mArkaNDeya purANa, adhyAya 3, zloka 76 (nAga pabliza, 11 yU. e., javAhara nagara, dillI - 7) - zvetAzvataropaniSad 6.4

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 435 32. mArkaNDeya purANa, adhyAya 3, zloka 81 33. matsya purANa, dvitIya khaNDa, saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjA kutuba (vedanagara), barelI (u.pra.), 1972, pR. 304 para zloka 2 34. ___ "nAnAbhAvA bahavo jIvaloke daivAdhInA naSTaceSTAdhikArAH" -matsyapurANa 38.6 "sukhaM hi jayanturyadivApi duHkhaM, daivAdhInaM vindanti naatmshktyaa| tasmAdiSTaM balavanmanyamAno, na saMjvarennApi hRSyet kdaacit||-mtsypuraann 38.7 -uddhRta vizva saMskRta sUkti koza- bhAga dvitIya, pR. 255 -uddhata bRhad vizva sUkti koza- bhAga dvitIya, pR. 735 35. zrI nAradIya mahApurANam, nAga pablizarsa, 11 e/yU.e., javAhara nagara, dillI-7, pUrva khaNDa, adhyAya 20, zloka 47-48 36. nAradIya mahApurANa, uttarakhaNDa, adhyAya 28, zloka 65 37. rAmAyaNa, uttarakANDa, sarga 15, zloka 25 38. rAmAyaNa, ayodhyAkANDa, sarga 63, zloka 6 39. rAmAyaNa, uttarakANDa, sarga 15, zloka 23 avijJAya phalaM yo hi karma tvevaanudhaavti| sa zocet phalavelAyAM yathA kiNshukseckH|| -rAmAyaNa, ayodhyAkANDa, sarga 63, zloka 9 41. ihaloke ca pitRbhiryA strI yasya mhaabl| adbhirdattA svadharmeNa pretyabhAve'pi tasya saa|| -rAmAyaNa, ayodhyAkANDa, sarga 29, zloka 18 42. rAmAyaNa, ayodhyAkANDa, sarga 39, zloka 4 rAmAyaNa, ayodhyAkANDa, sarga 12, zloka 79 44. upAvRtte muni tasmin rAmo lkssmnnmbrviit| kRta puNyAH sama bhadraMte munirynno'nukmpte|| -rAmAyaNa, ayodhyA kANDa, sarga 55, zloka 11 45. sugrIva doSeNa na mAM gantumarhasi kilvighaat| kRSyamANaM bhaviSyeNa buddhimohena mAM vlaat|| -rAmAyaNa, kiSkindhA kANDa, sarga 22, zloka 3 40.

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436 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 46. tadeva ca yathA sUtraM suvarNe vartate punH| muktAsvatha pravAleSu mRnmaye rAjate tthaa|| tadvad go'zvamanuSyeSu tdvddhstimRgaadissu| tadvat kITapataMgeSu prasaktAtmA svkrmbhiH|| -mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, adhyAya 206, zloka 2,3 47. yena yena zarIreNa yadyatkarma krotyym| tena tena zarIreNa tat tat phlmupaashnute|| -mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, adhyAya 206, zloka 4 48. yadhyayaM puruSaH kiMcit kurute vai shubhaashubhm| tad dhAtRvihitaM viddhi puurvkrmphlodym|| -mahAbhArata, vanaparva, adhyAya 32, zloka 22 karmajaM tviha manyante phalayogaM shubhaashubhm| -mahAbhArata zAntiparva, adhyAya 222, zloka 24 49. mahAbhArata, anuzAsana parva, adhyAya 1, zloka 72 karmaNaH puruSaH kartA zubhasyApyazubhasya vaa||57|| kuto vA sukhaduHkheSu nRNAM brahmavidAM vr| iha vA kRtamanveti paradehe'tha vA punH||58|| dehI ca dehaM saMtyajya mRgyamANaH shubhaashubhaiH| kathaM saMyujyate pretya iha vA dvijsttm||59|| -mahAbhArata, vanaparva, adhayaya 183, zloka 57-59 51. mahAbhArata, vanaparva, adhyAya 183, zloka 74 52. ayamAdizarIreNa devasRSTena maanvH| zubhAnAmazubhAnAM ca kurute saMcayaM mht||76|| AyuSo'nte prahAyedaM kSINaprAyaM klevrm| sambhavatyeva yugapad yonau naastyntraabhvH||7|| tatrAsya svakRtaM karma chAyevAnugataM sdaa| phalatyaya suravA) vA duHkhArho vAya jaayte||78|| -mahAbhArata, vanaparva, adhyAya 183, zloka 76-78 50.

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 437 53. karmadAyAdavaoNllokaH krmsNbNdhlkssnnH| karmaNicodayantIha yathAnyonyaM tathA vym|| yathA mRtpiNDataH kartA kurute yad ydicchti| evAtmakRtaM karma mAnavaH prtipdyte|| yathAcchAyAtapau nityaM susambaddhau nirntrm| tathA karma ca kartA ca smbddhaavaatmkrmbhiH|| ___ -mahAbhArata, anuzAsana parva, adhyAya 1, zloka 73-78 54. zubhailabhati devatvaM vyAmizrarjanma maanussm| azubhaizcApyadho janma karmabhilabhate shvshH|| ___-mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, adhyAya 329 zloka 25 55. Adiparva, chaThA adhyAya, dRSTavya karma kI hindU avadhAraNA ke pR. 138 dharmesthitA sattvavIryA dhrmsetuvttaarkaa| tyAgavAtAdhvagA zIghrA naustaM sNtaaryissyti|| -mahAbhArata, zAnti parva, adhyAya 66, zloka 37 57. mahAbhArata zAnti parva ke mokSadharma prakaraNa meM, adhyAya 194, zloka 46 gItA rahasya pRSTha 55-56, dRSTavya 'karma kI hindU avadhAraNA, pR. 169' 59. 'zarIravAGmanobhiryatkarma prArabhate naraH" -gItA 1815 gItA 18.18 kA rAmAnuja bhASya gItA 2.47 62. (1) ArurukSormuneryogaM karma kaarnnmucyte| yogAruDhasya tasyaiva zamaH kaarnnmucyte|| -gItA 6.3 (2) brAhmaNakSatriyavizAM zUdrANAM ca prNtp| karmANi pravibhaktAni svbhaavprbhvairgunnaiH|| -gItA 18.41 63. gItA 4.16 64. gItA 16.5 65. dambho darpo'timAnazca krodhaH pAruSyameva c| ajJAnaM cAbhijAtasya pArtha sNpdmaasuriim|| -gItA 16.4

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438 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa kAmamAzritya duSpUraM dambhamAnamadAnvitA / mohAdgRhItvAsadgrAhAnpravartante'zucivratAH / / - gItA 16.10 66. 67. 67' 68. 69. 70. 71. gItA 2.22 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. meghadUta, uttaramegha, zloka 49 78. 79. 80. 81. gItA 5.12 gItA 1.42 karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana / mA karmaphalaheturbhUrmA te saGgo'stvakarmaNi / / - gItA 2.47 dRSTavya 'karma kI hindU avadhAraNA' pR. 207 dehino'sminyathA dehe kaumAraM yauvanaM jarA / tathA dehAntaraprAptirdhIrastatra na muhyati / / - gItA 2 . 13 83. gItA 8.15, 16 aura 15 . 6 " zAntiM nirvANaparamAM matsaMsthAmadhigacchati' - gItA 6. 15 "sukhena brahmasaMsparzamatyantaM sukhamaznute " - gItA 6.28 zukranIti, caukhambA surabhAratI prakAzana, vArANasI 1998, prathama adhyAya zloka 49 svapnavAsavadattam, prathamoGka, zloka 4 paMcatantra, mitrasamprApti, zloka 132 zete saha zayAnena gacchantamanugacchati / rANAM prAktanaM karma tiSThettvatha shaatmnaa|| - paMcatantra, mitrasamprApti, zloka 131 yathA dhenusahasreSu vatso vindati mAtaram / tathA purAkRtaM karma kartAramanugacchati / / - paMcatantra, mitra samprApti, zloka 130 AyuH karma ca vittaM ca vidyA nidhanameva ca / paMcaitAni hi sRjyante garbhasthasyaiva dehinaH / - paMcatantra 2.84 82. yasmin deze ca kAle ca vayasA yAdRzena ca / kRtaM zubhAzubhaM karmatattathAtena bhujyate / / - paMcataMtra 2.81 kRtAntapAzabaddhAnAM daivopahatacetasAm / bRddhayaH kubjagAminyo bhavanti mahatAmapi / / - paMcatantra 2.5/2.129

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 439 84. parAGamukhe vidhau cetsyaatkthNcidrvinnodyH| tatso'nyadapi saMgRhya yAti shngkhnidhirythaa|| -paMcatantra 2.11 paMcataMtra 2.81 hitopadeza, caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja oNphisa, vArANasI, kathAmukha kA zloka 31 hitopadeza, mitralAbha, zloka 40 88. hitopadeza, sandhi, zloka 48 karotu nAma nItijJo vyvsaaymitsttH| phalaM punastadevAsya yadvidhermanasi sthitim|| -hitopadeza, suhRdabheda, zloka 14 90. kArya sucaritaM kvApi daivyogaadvinshyti|| -hitopadeza, sandhi, zloka 2 91. nItizatakam, zloka 97 kA aMza nItizatakam, zloka 98, 103 93. nItizatakam, zloka 95 brahmA yena kulAlavanniyamito brahmANDabhANDodare, viSNuryena dazAvatAragahane kSipto mhaasNktte| rudro yena kapAlapANipuTake bhikSATanaM kAritaH, sUryo bhrAmyati nityameva gagane tasmai namaH krmnne|| -nItizatakam, zloka 96 yogavAsiSTha 2.7.21 96. yogavAsiSTha 2.9.4 97. yogavAsiSTha 2.9.6 98. yogavAsiSTha 2.9.16 yogavAsiSTha 2.6.4 100. yogavAsiSTha 2.6.35 101. yogavAsiSTha 2.6.2 102. yogavAsiSTha 2.8.6 103. yogavAsiSTha 2.9.3 104. yogavAsiSTha 2.8.11 105. yogavAsiSTha 2.5.28 99.

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440 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 106. mUtaiH prakalpitaM daivaM tatparAste kSayaM gtaaH| prAjJAstu pauruSArthena padamuttamatAM mtaaH|| yogavAsiSTha 2.8.16 107. yogavAsiSTha- 1.6.10, 6/2.157.29, 2.6.18, 2.6.19, 2.5.9, 2.5.10, 2.5.11 108. 'na karmo'nityatvAt' -nyAya darzana 2.2.23 109. nyAyasUtra 3.1.37 ke bhASya meM 110. nyAya sUtra 3.2.62 111. "pUrvazarIre yA pravRttiH vAgbuddhizarIrAmbhalakSaNA tat pUrvakRtaM karmoktaM tasya phalam tajjanitau dharmAdharmoM tatphalasyAnubaMdhaH AtmasamavetasyAvasthAnam tena prayuktebhyo bhUtebhyastasya zarIrasyotpattirna svataMtrebhya iti|" -nyAyadarzana 3.2.62 kA vAtsyAyana bhASya 112. nyAyasUtra 1.1.2 113. nyAyasUtra 1.1.2 kA bhASya 114. nyAyasUtra 4.1.19 115. vaizeSika sUtra 1.1.17 116. viparyayAdiSyate bndhH| -sAMkhyakArikA, kArikA 44 117. sAMkhyakArikA, kArikA 44 118. sAMkhyakArikA, kArikA 44 para tattvapradIpikA vyAkhyA 119. pUrvAtpannamasaktaM niyataM mhaaddisuukssmpryntm| saMsarati nirUpabhogaM bhAvairadhivAsitaM liNgm|| -sAMkhyakArikA, kArikA 40 120. paGgvandhavadubhayorapi saMyogastatkRtaH srgH|| -sAMkhyakArikA, kArikA 21 121. tatra jarAmaraNakRtaM duHkhaM prApnoti cetanaH purussH| liMgasyAvinivRttestasmAd duHkhaM svbhaaven|| -sAMkhyakArikA, kArikA 55 122. mImAMsA darzana, saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjA kutuba, barelI (u.pra.), 1969, zrIrAma zarmA, AcArya dvArA likhita bhUmikA pR. 10 123. 'mImAMsA darzana' adhyAya 3, pAda 2, sUtra 25 124. 'karma tatheti cet', 'na samavAyAt', 'prakamAttu niyamyetArambhasya kriyAnimittatvAt' -mImAMsA darzana, adhyayana 6, pAda 2, sUtra 11-13

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 441 125. 'mImAMsA darzana' bhUmikA pR. 13 126. 'mImAMsA darzana' bhUmikA pR. 13 127. 'cetanAhaM bhikkhave kammaM ti vdaami| cetayitvA hi kammaM karoti kAyena vAcAya manasA vA' -aMguttaranikAya uddhRta 'bauddha darzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana' bhAga prathama, pR. 463 128. DaoN.bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara, 'jaina-bauddha darzana meM karmavAda', 'jinavANI-karma siddhAnta vizeSAMka', samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, jayapura, pR. 164 129. 'bhAratIya darzana' -DaoN. naMdakizora devarAja, uttarapradeza, hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, paMcama saMskaraNa, 1999, pR. 171 130. bhAratIya darzana-DaoN. nandakizora devarAja, pR. 166 131. cUla-kamma vibhaMga-suttanta-majjhimanikAya 3.4.5 uddhRta 'bauddhadarzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana' pR. 475 132. 'bauddha darzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana' motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI pR. 475 133. cUla kamma vibhaMga-suttanta (majjhimanikAya 3.4.5) 134. mahAkamma vibhaMga-suttanta (majjhimanikAya, 3.4.6) 135. sAleya suttanta (majmimanikAya 1.5.1.), veraMjaka suttanta (majjhimanikAya 1.5.2) 136. vibhaMga pR. 426, visuddhimagga (kaMkhAvitaraNavisuddhiniddeso) meM uddhata-'bauddha darzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana pR. 478 137. vedAnta darzana- adhyAya 3, pAda 2, sUtra 38 138. 'zrutvAcca'- vedAnta darzana 3.2.39 139. yogasUtra 2.3 140. kleza mUlaH karmAzayo dRSTAdRSTajanmavedanIyaH - yogasUtra 2.12 141. 'tasyaheturavidyA' - yogasUtra 2.24 142. 'sati mUle tadvipAko jAtyAyurbhogAH' - yogasUtra 2.13 143. 'klezakarmavipAkAzayairaparAmRSTaH puruSavizeSaH IzvaraH' - yogasUtra 1.24 144. karmAzuklAkRSNaM yoginstrividhmitressaam| ttstdvipaakaanugunnaanaamevaabhivyktirvaasnaanaam|| yogasUtra 4.7,8

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442 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 145. mahApurANa, 437, uddhRta karmasiddhAnta (zrI kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA) pR. 6 146. daiva zabda kI carcA pR0 247-249 Adi para bhI kI gaI hai| 147. nyAya bhASya 1.1.2 Adi (pramukha jainAgamoM meM bhAratIya darzana ke tattva-pR. 197 ke phuTanoTa se) 148. nyAyadarzana 4.1.19 149. nyAyadarzana 4.1.21 150. jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 441 151. vahI, pR. 441 152. vedAnta darzana-adhyAya 3, pAda 2, sUtra 38-41 153. vedAnta darzana, saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjA kutuba, barelI (u.pra.), 3.2.38-4 kI hindI vyaakhyaa| 154. 'jJAnena cA'pavargo, viparyayAdiSyate bandhaH' -sAMkhyakArikA, kArikA 44 155. eSa pratyayasargo viparyayAzaktituSTisiddhayAkhyaH' -sAMkhyakArikA, kArikA 46 156. "vaizvarUpasya kAraNamastyavyaktaM" -sAMkhyakArikA 15, 16 157. codanA punarAmbhaH -mImAMsA darzana 2.1.5 158. mImAMsA darzana- adhyAya 3, pAda 2, sU. 25 159. prakRtisthityanubhAvapradezAsvadvidhayaH' -tattvArtha sUtra 8.4 160. jogA payaDipaesaM ThiiaNubhAgaM kasAyAu' -karmagrantha bhAga-5, gAthA 96 161. SaDdarzana samuccaya 48 162. karmavAda : eka adhyayana-sureza muni, pR. 69-73 163. karmavAda : eka adhyayana-sureza muni, pR. 69-73 164. jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pRSTha 443 165. vahI, pR. 443 166. zAstravArtAsamuccaya, stabaka 3, zloka 14 167. darzana aura cintana- bhAga dvitIya, pR. 213-214 168. AcArAMgasUtra 1.1.5 169. uttarAdhyayana 20.37

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 443 170. jaina karmasiddhAnta udbhava evaM vikAsa, adhyAya 1, pR. 1 171. karmagrantha bhAga 1, gAthA 1 172. karmaprakRti sUtra 188 173. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 8, sUtra 2, 3 174. karmagrantha, bhAga 1, gAthA 2 175. karmaprakRti-abhayacandrasiddhAntacakravartI kRta, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, dillI, 1968 sUtra 3 176. karmaprakRti sUtra 185 177. karmaprakRti sUtra 167, 168 178. karmaprakRti sUtra 180 179. karmagrantha, bhAga-pAMca, gAthA 96 180. karmagrantha bhAga pAMca, gAthA 96 181. 'atthi NaM jIvA ya jAva cittuNti|' -vyAkhyAprajJapti prathama zataka, uddezaka 6 182. karmasiddhAnta, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, pR. 17 183. "aTTha kammapagaDIo pnnnnttaao| taMjahA-NANAvaraNijjaM jAva aMtarAiyaM" - prajJApanA, pada 23, uddezaka 2 184. jaina karmasiddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa, pR. 94-96 185. prajJApanA, pada 23, uddezaka 2 186. prajJApanA, pada 23, uddezaka 2 187. prajJApanA pada 23, uddezaka 2 188. prajJApanA pada 23, uddezaka 2 189. prajJApanA pada 23, uddezaka 2 190. prajJApanA pada 23, uddezaka 2 191. prajJApanA pada 23, uddezaka 2 192. prajJApanA pada 23, uddezaka 2 193. tattvArtha sUtra 6.1,2 194. tattvArtha sUtra 6.3

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444 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 195. samavAyAMga sUtra, samavAya 5, sU. 26 196. uttarAdhyayana 32.7 197. tattvArtha sUtra 6.11 198. "paDiNIyattaNa ninhava uvghaayposaNtraaennN| accAsAyaNapAe AvaraNalugaM jio jyi||" -karmagrantha 1.54 199. tattvArtha sUtra 6.12, 200. tattvArtha sUtra 6.13 201. karmagrantha, bhAga prathama, gAthA 55 202. gurubhttikhNtikrunnaa-vyjogksaayvijydaannjuo| daDhaghammAI ajjai sAyamasAyaM vivjjyo|| -karmagrantha 1.55 203. tattvArtha sUtra 6.14 204. tattvArtha sUtra 6.15 205. "ummaggadesaNA magganAsaNA devadavvaharaNehiM daMsaNamohaM jiNamuNiceiyasaMghAi paDiNIo duvihaMpi caraNamohaM ksaayhaasaaivisyvivsmnno|" -karmagrantha 1.56, 57 206. tattvArtha sUtra 6.16, 207. tattvArtha sUtra 6.17 208. tattvArtha sUtra 6.18, 19 209. tattvArtha sUtra 6.20 210. "baMdhai narayAu mahArambhapariggaharao ruddo" -karmagrantha 1.57 211. "cauhiM ThANehiM jIvA NeraiyAuyattAe kammaM pakareMti, taMjahA- mahAraMbhatAe, mahApariggahayAe, paMcidiyavaheNaM, kunnimaahaarennN|" -sthAnAMga 4.4.627 212. "tiriyAu gUDhahiyAo saDho sasallo" -karmagantha 1.58 213. "cauhi ThANehiM jIvA tirikkhajoNiyattAe kammaM pagareMti, taMjahAmAillatAe, NiyaDillatAe, aliyavayaNeNaM, kuuddtulkuuddmaannennN||" -sthAnAMga sUtra 4.4.629

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 445 214. "tahA maNussAu payaIi taNukasAo dANaruI majjhimaguNo a" -karmagrantha 1.58 215. "cauhiM ThANehiM jIvA maNussAuyattAe kammaM pagareMti, taMjahA- pagatibhaddattAe, pagativiNIyayAe, sANukkosayAe, amcchritaae|" -sthAnAMga 4.4.630 216. "cauhiM ThANehiM jIvA devAuyattAe kammaM pagareMti, taMjahA- sarAgasaMjameNa, saMjamAsaMjameNa, bAlatavokammeNaM, akaamnnijjraae|" -sthAnAMga 4.4.631 217. "avirayamAi surAuM bAlatavo'kAmanijjaro jyi|" -karmagrantha 1.59 218. tattvArtha sUtra 6.21 219. tattvArtha sUtra 6.22 220. "saralo agAravillo suhanAma annahA asuhN|" -karmagrantha 1.59 221. tattvArtha sUtra 6.24 222. tattvArtha sUtra 6.25 223. "guNapehI maya rahio ajjhayaNa'jjhAvaNAruI niccN| pakuNai jiNAibhatto uccaM nIyaM iyarahA u||" -karmagrantha 1.60 224. tattvArtha sUtra 6.26 225. "jiNapUyAvigghakaroM hiMsAiparAyaNoM jayai viggh|" -karmagrantha 1.61 226. 'NiyayA'NiyayaM saMta' -sUtrakRtAMga, prathama zrutaskandha, prathama adhyayana, dUsarA uddezaka zloka 4 227. tattvArtha sUtra 1.1 228. (1) mohakSayAjjJAnadarzanAvaraNAntarAya kSayAccakevalaM' -tattvArtha sUtra 10.1 (2) "khINamohassa NaM arahao tato kammaMsA jugavaM khijjaMti, taMjahANANAvaraNijjaM daMsaNAvaraNijjaM aNtraatiyN|" -sthAnAMga, sthAna 3, uddezaka 4, sUtra 527 229. "aNagAre samucchinnakiriyaM aniyaTTisukkajhANaM jhiyAyamANe veyaNijjaM AuyaM nAma gottaM ca ee cattArikammaM se jugavaM khvei|" -uttarAdhyayana 29.72 230. tattvArtha sUtra 10.3 231. 'he aayussmnngnibhuute| jJAnAvaraNAdiparamANusaMghAtarUpe karmANi tava saMdehaH yataH pratyakSA'numAnAdisamastapramANAtmakajJAnagocarAtItameva tat tvaM mnyse|' -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya zloka 1611 kI TIkA

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446 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 232. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya zloka 1611 233. "saumya! mA maMsthAstvam, yato mama tAvat pratyakSameva karma, tavApyanumAnaM sAdhanaM yasya tadanumAnasAdhanaM vartate tat karma, na punaH srvprmaanngocraatiitm| yasya, kim? ityAha- 'aNubhUimayaM phalaM jassa tti sukha-duHkhAnAmanubhUtiranubhavanaM tanmayaM tadAtmakaM phalaM yasya zubhA'zubhakarmaNa iti| anena cedamanumAnaM sUcitamasti sukha-duHkhAnubhavasya hetuH, kAryatvAt, aNkursyeveti| -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 1611 kI ttiikaa| 234. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, zloka 1612 235. "syAd matiH- prakcandanA'GganAdayaH sukhasya hetavaH, duHkhasya tvahi-viSa kaNTakAdayaH, iti dRSTa eva sukha-duHkhayorheturasti, kimadRSTasya karmaNastaddhetutvakalpanena?" -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, 1612 kI TIkA 236. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, zloka 1613 237. "bAlasarIraM dehatarapuvvaM iNdiyaaimttaao| jaha bAladehapuvvo juvadeho, puvvamiha kmm|" TIkA- na cAzarIriNo niyatagarbha-deza-sthAnaprAptipUrvakaH zarIragraho yujyate, niyaamkkaarnnaabhaavaat| nApi svabhAvo niyAmaka; tasya niraakrissymaanntvaat| yacceha bAlazarIrasya pUrva zarIrAntaraM tat 'karma' iti mantavyam-kArmaNaM shriirmityrthH| -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya zloka 1614, aura usakI TIkA 238. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1615 kI mldhaarihemcndrkRtvRtti| bhASya kI gAthA isa prakAra hai kiriyAphalabhAvo dANAINaM phalaM kisI evv| taM ciya dANAiphalaM maNappasAyAI jaI buddhii| 239. "anaikAntiko'yaM hetuH cetanArabdhAnAmapi kAsAMcit kRSyAdikriyANAM nissphltvdrshnaat|" -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1615 kI vRtti 240. "tadayuktam, phalavattvAbhiprAyeNaiva tdaarmbhaat| yacca kvacid niSphalatvamapi dRzyate tatsamyagjJAnAdyabhAvena sAmagrIvaikalyAd drssttvym|" -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1615 kA TIkA 241. "kRSyAdikriyA dRSTadhAnyAdyavAptiphalA dRSTAH, ato dAnAdikriyANAmapi dRSTameva manaH prasAdAdikaM phalaM bhaviSyati, kimadRSTakarmalakSaNaphalasAdhanena? tata iSTaviruddhasAdhanAd viruddho'yaM hetuH|" -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1616 kI TIkA

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 447 242. "manaHprasAdo'pi kriyArUpa eva, tatazca yathA dAna-kRSyAdikAH kriyAH phalavatyaH tathA kriyAsAmyAd manaH prasAdasyApi phalena bhavitavyameva, yacca tasya phalaM tat karmaiva, iti na kazcid vybhicaarH|" -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1616 kI TIkA 243. "dAnAdikriyaiva karmaNaH kAraNamuktA, atra tu manaH prasAdAdikriyA tatkAraNamucyate, iti kathaM na pUrvAparavirodhaH? iti" -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1616 kI TIkA 244. "satyam, kintu manaHprasAdAdikriyaivAnantaryeNa karmaNaH kAraNam, kevalaM tasyA api manaHprasAdAdikriyAyA dAnAdikriyaiva kAraNam, ataH kAraNakAraNe kAraNopacArAdadoSa iti|' -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1616 kI TIkA 245. "dAnAdikriyAto manaHprasAdAdayo jAyante, tebhyazca pravardhamAnaditsAdipariNAmaH punarapi dAnAdikriyAM karoti, evaM punaH punarapi dAnakriyApravRtteH saiva manaprasAdAdeH phalamastu, na tu karmeti bhAvaH, dRSTaphalamAtreNaiva caritArthatvAt kimadRSTaphalakalpanena? iti hRdym|" -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1617 kI TIkA, 246. "yathAmRtpiNDo ghaTasya nimitta vijJeyastathA dAnAdikriyApi mnHprstteH| dRzyante hi pAtradAnAdibhyazcittAhAdAdayo jaaymaanaaH| na ca yad yasya nimittaM tat tasyaiva phalaM vaktumucitam duurviruddhtvaaditi|" -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1617 kI TIkA 247. "sA kriyA sarvApi tanmAtraphalaiva dRSTamAtraphalaiva yujyate, nAdRSTaphalA, yathA dRSTamAMsamAtraphalA pazuvinAzakriyA; na hi pazuvizasanakriyAmadRSTAdharmaphalArtha ko'pyArabhate, kintu mAMsabhakSaNArtham atastanmAtraphalaiva sA, taavtaivaavsitpryojntvaat| evaM dAnAdikriyAyA api dRSTamAtrameva zlAghAdikaM kiMcit phalam, naanyditi|" -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1618 kI TIkA 248. "kRSi-hiMsAdikA dRSTaphalAH kriyA adRSTaphalA api prtipdysvaabhyupgcch| idamuktaM bhavati yadyapi kRSi-hiMsAdikriyAkartAro dRSTaphalamAtrArthameva tAH samArabhante nAdharmArtham, tathApi te'dharmalakSaNaM pAparUpamadRSTaphalamaznuvata eva, anntsNsaarijiivaanythaanupptteH| te hi kRSihiMsAdikriyAnimittamanabhilaSitamapyadRSTaM pApalakSaNaM phalaM bavA'nantaM saMsAraM paribhramanto'nantA iha tisstthnti|" -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1620 kI TIkA 249. "nanu dAnAdikriyAnuSThAtRbhiryadadRSTaM dharmalakSaNaM phalamAzaMsitaM tat teSAM bhavatu, yaistu kRSi-hiMsAdikriyAkartRbhiradRSTamadharmarUpaM phalaM nAzaMsitaM tat teSAM kathaM bhavati?" -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1620 kI TIkA

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448 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 250. "tayuktam, na hyavikalaM kAraNaM svakArya janayat kasyApyAzaMsAmapekSate, kintvavikalakAraNatayA svakArya jnytyev| vasturajJAtamapi hi kodravAdibIjaM kvacid bhUpradeze patitaM jalAdisAmagrIsadbhAve'vikalakAraNatAM prApta vapnAzaMsAbhAve'pi svakArya jnytyev| avikalakAraNabhUtAzca kRssi-hiNsaadyo'dhrmjnne| atastatkartRgatAzaMsA tatra kvopayujyate? na ca dAnAdikriyAyAmapi vivekinaH phalAzaMsA kurvate, tathApyavikalakAraNatayA viziSTatarameva tA dharmaphalaM jnynti|"-vishessaavshyk bhASya, gAthA 1620 kI TIkA 251. "tasmAt zubhAyA azubhAyAzca sarvasyA api kriyAyA adRSTaM zubhA'zubhaM phalamastyeveti pratipattavyam, anantasaMsArijIvasattAnyathAnupapatteriti sthitm| itarathA yadi kRSi- hiMsAdhazubhakriyANAmadRSTaM phalaM nAbhyupagamyeta, tadA te tatkartAro'dRSTaphalAbhAvAd maraNAnantarameva sarve'pyayatnena mucyeransaMsArakAraNAbhAvAd muktiM gaccheyuH, tatazca prAyaH zUnya eva saMsAra: syaadityrthH| yazcAdRSTArambho'dRSTaphalAnAM dAnAdikriyANAM samArambhaH sa eva klezabahula: saMsAraparibhramaNakAraNatayA durantaH syAt; tathAhi- te dAnAdikriyAnuSThAtArastadanuSThAnenAdRSTaphalAnubaMdhaM vidadhyuH, tato janmAntare tadvipAkamanubhavantastatpreritAH punarapi dAnAdikriyAsveva pravarteran, tato bhUyastatphalasaMcayAt tadvipAkAnubhUtiH punarapi dAnAdikriyArambhaH, ityevamanantasaMtatimayaH saMsArasteSAM bhvet|" -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1620-1621 kI TIkA 252. "yat kRSi-hiMsAdyazubhakriyAnuSThAtRNAmadRSTasaMcayAbhAve sarveSAM muktigamana eko'pi takriyAnuSThAtA saMsAre kvApi nopalabhyeta, azubhatatphalavipAkAnubhavitA caiko'pi kvacidapi na dRzyeta, dAnAdizubhakriyAnuSThAtAraH zubhatatphalavipAkAnubhavitAra eva ca kevalA: sarvatropalabhyeran, na caivaM dRshyte|" -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1621 kI TIkA 253. "yasmAdaniSTabhogabhAjo bahutarA bhUyAMsa:-azubhakarmavipAkajanitaduHkhabhAja eva prANinaH pracurA ihopalabhyante, zubhakarmavipAkanibandhanasukhAnubhavitArastu svalpA eveti bhaavH| tena tasmAt kAraNAt saumy| pratipadyasva zubhA'zubhA vA sarvA'pi kriyA, adRSTaM zubhAzubhaM karmarUpamaikAntikaM phalaM yasyAH sA'dRSTaikAntikaphaletyuttaragAthAyAM sNbNdhH| idamuktaM bhavati yena duHkhino'tra bahavaH prANino dRzyante sukhinastu svalpAH, tena jJAyate- kRSi-vANijya hiMsAdikriyAnibandhanAzubhakarmarUpAdRSTaphalavipAko duHkhinAm, itareSAM tu dAnAdikriyAhetukazubhakarma rUpAdRSTaphalavipAka iti|" -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1622 kI TIkA 254. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1625 kI TIkA 255. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1625 kI TIkA

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 449 256. "nanvata evAtra samavAyikAraNamadhikriyate, na nimittakAraNam, sukha-duHkhAdInAM cAtmadharmatvAdAtmaiva samavAyikAraNam, karma punasteSAmanna - pAnA'hiviSAdivad nimittakAraNamevetyadoSa iti / " -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1625 kI TIkA 257. " tatra mUrta karma, tatsaMbaMdhe sukhAdi saMvitte:, iha yatsaMbaMdhe sukhAdi saMvedyate tad mUrta dRSTam, yathA''zanAdyAhAraH yaccAmUrta na tatsaMbaMdhe sukhAdi-saMvidasti, yathA'kAzasaMbaMdhe, saMvedyate ca tatsaMbandhe sukhAdi, tasmAt mUrta krmeti|"vishessaavshyk bhASya, gAthA 1626, 1627kI TIkA 258. "yatsaMbaMdhe vedanodbhavo bhavati tad mUrta dRSTam, yathA'nalo'gniH bhavati ca karmasaMbaMdhe vedanodbhavaH, tasmAt tad mUrtamiti / " - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1626, 1627 kI TIkA 259. "mUrta karma, Atmano jJAnAdInAM ca taddharmANAM vyatiriktatve sati bAhyena srakcandanA'GganAdinA balasyopacayasyAdhIyamAnatvAt, yathA snehAdyAhitabalo ghaTaH, iha yasyAnAtma-vijJAnAdeH sato bAhyena vastunA balamAdhIyate tad mUrta dRSTam, yathA snehAdinA''dhIyamAnabalo ghaTaH, AdhIyate ca bAhyairmithyAtvAdihetubhUtairvastubhiH karmaNa upacayalakSaNaM balam tasmAt tad mUrtamiti / " - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1626, 1627 kI TIkA , 260. "mUrta karma, AtmAdivyatiriktatve sati pariNAmitvAt, kSIramiveti / evamAdIni tUdAharaNAni karmaNo rUpitvagamakAnIti / " - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1626, 1627 kI TIkA 261. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1628 262. "so'pi pariNAmaH siddhaH karmaNaH 'kajjAu tti' karmakAryasya zarIrAdeH pariNAmitvadarzanAdityarthaH / iha yasya kArya pariNAmyupalabhyate tasyAtmano'pi pariNAmitvaM nizcIyate, yathA dadhnastakrAdibhAvena pariNAmAt payaso'pi pariNAmitvaM vijJAyata eveti / " - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1628 kI TIkA 263. "yathA sakalalokapratyakSANAmamISAM gandharvapura- zakrakodaNDAdInAM bAhyaskandhAnAM vicitratA bhavato'pi siddhA, tathA tenaiva prakAreNAntarANAmapi karmaskandhAnAM pudralamayatve samAne'pi jIvasahitatvasya vizeSavato vaicitryakAraNasadbhAve'pi sukha-duHkhAdijanakarUpatayA vicitratA kimiti neSyate ? yadi hyabhrAdayo bAhyapudgalA nAnArUpatayA pariNamanti, tarhi jIvaiH parigRhItAH sutarAM te tathA pariNasyantIti bhAvaH / " - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1630 kI TIkA 264. "yadi hi jIvaparigRhItAnAmapi bAhyAnAmabhrAdipudgalAnAM nAnAkArapariNatirUpA citratA tvayA pratipannA, tarhi jIvAnugatAnAM karma-pudralAnAM vizeSata evAsmAkaM

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450 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa bhavatazca sA sammatA bhaviSyati, bhaktayo vicchittayaratAsAmiva citrAdiSu zilpinyastAnAm / ayamabhiprAyaH - citrakArAdi - zilpijIvaparigRhItAnAM citra - lepya-kASThakarmAnugatapudgalAnAM yA pariNAmacitratA sA visrasApariNatendradhnurAdipudgalapariNAmacitratAyAH sakAzAd viziSTaiveti pratyakSata eva dRzyate / ato jIvaparigRhItatvena karmapudgalAnAmapi sukha - duHkhAdivaicitryajananarUpA viziSTatarA pariNAmacitratA kathaM na syAt ? iti / " - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1631 kI TIkA 265. kAraNasarisaM kajjaM bIyassevaMkuro tti mnnnnNto| iha bhavasarisaM savvaM jamavesi pare vi tamajuttaM / / - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1773 266. "yata eva bIjAnurUpaM kAraNAnuguNaM kAryANAM janma matam, tata eveha bhavAd bhavAntare jIvaM gRhANa pratipadyasva ..... yena yasmAd nAraka - tiryagAdirUpeNa bhavanaM bhavaH sa evA'kuMra ivAMkurastasya bIjamiha karmevAvaseyam, tacca mithyAtvA'viratyAdihetuvaicitryAd vicitraM yasmAd mayA'bhihitam, tasmAt tajjanyasya bhavAMkurasyApi jAtyAdibhedena vicitratA / tato yadi tvayA karma pratipannam, hetuvaicitryAcca yadi tadvaicitryamabhyupagatam tataH saMsAriNo jIvasya tatphalamapi nAraka - tiryakmanuSyA'mararUpeNa bhavanarUpaM saumya ! vicitrarUpaM pratipadyasveti / " - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1776-1778 para TIkA 267. satatamanubaddhamuktaM duHkhaM narakeSu tIvrapariNAmam / tiryakSUSNa-bhaya-kSut tRDAdiduHkhaM sukhaM cAlpam / / sukha-duHkhe manujAnAM manaH zarIrAzraye bahuvikalpe | sukhameva tu devAnAmalpaM duHkhaM tu manasi bhavam / / 268. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1960 kI TIkA 269. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1635 kI TIkA 270. 'yathA bIjenAM'Gkuro janyate, aMkurAdapi krameNa bIjamupajAyate, evaM dehena karma janyate karmaNA tu deha ityevaM punaH punarapi parasparamanAdikAlIna , hetuhetumadbhAvAdityarthaH / iha yayoranyo'nyaM hetuhetumadbhAva - stayoranAdiH santAnaH, yathA bIjAMkura - pitRputrAdInAm, tathA ca deha-karmaNoH, tato'nAdiH karmasantAna iti / " - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1939 kI TIkA 271. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1815 - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1900 kI TIkA

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 451 272. "kartA cAtra karmaNo jIvaH, karaNasametatvAt, daNDAdikaraNayuktakulAlavad ghaTasya, karaNaM ceha jIvasya karma nivartayataH shriirmvgntvym| evaM dehasyApyAtmaiva kartA, karmarUpaM karaNaM karmakaraNaM tatsaMbhavAt tadyuktatvAt, daNDAdikaraNasametakulAla vditi|" -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1815 kI TIkA 273. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1817 274. aNNayaramaNivvattiyakajja bIyaM-kurANa jaM vihyN| tattha hao saMtANo kukkuDi-aMDAiyANaM c|| - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1818 275. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1819 276. "jIvasya karmaNazca yo'yaM parasparaM yogaH so'nAdiH san kiM jIva-nabhasorivAnantaH, atha kAMcano-palayoriva sAnto'pi syaat|" -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1820 kI TIkA 277. "dvidhA'pyayamaviruddhaH, tatra prathamo'nAdyanantarUpo'bhavyAnAM drssttvyH| yastu kAMcano-palayorivAnAdiH sAnto'sau bhavyAnAM vijnyeyH|" -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1820, 1821 kI TIkA 278. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1940 279. iha svakRtaprakRSTapApaphalabhoginastAvat kvacid nArakAH pratipattavyAste ca yadi prapannAH, 'teNaM tti' tarhi tenaiva prakAreNa svopArjitasuSThubahukapuNyaphalabhujaH suragaNA api prtipttvyaaH| atrAhananvihaivAtiduHkhitanarAstiyaMJcazcAtiduHkhaduHkhitaatrAhananvihaivAtiduHkhitanarAstiryaJcazcAtiduHkhaduHkhita prakRSTapApaphalabhujo bhaviSyanti, tathA, manuSyA evAtisukhitAH prakRSTapuNyaphalabhujo bhaviSyanti, kimadRSTanAraka-devaparikalpanayA? iti| tadayuktam, prakRSTapApaphalabhujAM sarvaprakAreNApi duHkhena bhavitavyam, na cAtiduHkhitAnAmapi nara-tirazcAM sarvaprakAraM duHkhaM dRzyate, sukhadapavanA''lokAdisukhasya sarveSAmapi drshnaat| prakRSTapuNyaphalabhujAmapi sarvaprakAreNApi sukhena bhavitavyam, na cehAtisukhitAnAmapi narANAM sarvaprakAraM sukhamavalokyate, pUtidehodbhavasya rogajarAdiprabhavasya ca duHkhasya teSAmapi sdbhaavaat| tasmAt prakRSTapApanibandhanasarvaprakAraduHkhavedino nArakAH prakRSTapuNyahetukasarvaprakArasukhabhogino devAzcAbhyupagantavyA eveti|| - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1874 kI TIkA 280. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1920

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452 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 281. "dRSTa eva mAtA-pitrAdikasteSAM hetuH, dRSTahetusAmye'pi surUpe-tarAdibhAvena dehAdInAM vaicitryadarzanAt, tasya caadRssttkrmaakhyhetumntrennaabhaavaat| ataeva puNya-pApabhedena karmaNo dvaividhyam, zubhadehAdInAM puNyakAryatvAt, itareSAM tu paapphltvaat|" -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1920 kI TIkA 282. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1921 283. "jIva-puNyasaMyogaH sukhasya kAraNam, tasya ca sukhaM paryAya eva, duHkhasyApi jIva-pApasaMyogaH kAraNam, atastasyApi duHkhaM paryAya eva, yathA ca sukhaM zubhaM, kalyANaM, zivamityAdIn vyapadezAllabhate tathA tatkAraNabhUtaM puNyaskandhadravyamapi yathA ca duHkhamazubham, akalyANam, azivamityAdisaMjJAH prApnoti tathA tatkAraNabhUtaM pApadravyamapi, iti vizeSato'tra puNya-pApe sukha duHkhayoranurUpakAraNatvenokte iti|" -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1924 kI TIkA 284. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1941 . 285. "tasya puNya-pApAtmakasya karmaNo yogyameva karmavargaNAgataM dravyaM jIvo grahNAti, na tu paramANvAdikam, audArikAdivargaNAgataM vaa'yogymityrthH| tadapyekakSetrAvagADhameva gRNAti, na tu svAvagADhapradezobhyo bhinnprdeshaavgaaddhmityrthH| tacca tathA tailAdikRtAbhyaMga puruSo reNuM gRhNAti tathA rAga-dveSaklinnasvarUpo jIvo'pi gRhNAti na tu nirhetukamiti bhaavH| idaM ca sarvairapi svapradezairjIvo gRhNAti, na tu kaizcidityarthaH" - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1941 kI TIkA 286. "sa jIvastatkarma grahaNe grahaNakAle zubhA'zubhAdivizeSaNAviziSTamapi gRhNan kSipraM tatkSaNameva zubhamazubhaM vA kurute-zubhA'zubhavibhAgena vyvsthaapytiityrthH| kutaH? ityAha- 'pariNAmA''sayasabhAvau ti' ihAzrayo dvividhakarmaNo jIva AzrayaH, karma tu zubhAzubhatvasya, tasya dvividhasyApyAzrayasya svabhAva AzrayasvabhAvaH, pariNAmazcAzrayasvabhAvazca pariNAma''zrayasvabhAvau, tAbhyAmetat kurute jiivH| idamuktaM bhavati-jIvasya yaH zubho'zubho vA pariNAmo'dhyavasAyastadvazAt grahaNasamaya eva karmaNaH zubhatvamazubhatvaM vA janayati; tathA jIvasyApi karmAzrayabhUtasya sa ko'pi svabhAvo'sti yena zubhA'zubhatvena pariNamayanneva karma gRhaNAti; tathA, karmaNo'pi zubhA'zubhabhAvAdyAzrayasya sa svabhAva:- sa kazcid yogyatAvizeSo'sti, yena zubhA'zubhapariNAmAnvitajIvena gRhyamANamevaitadrUpatayA prinnmti|" - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1943 kI TIkA

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 453 287. "tayorahi-dhenvorAhArastadAhAraH sa tulyo'pi dugdhAdiko gRhIta: pariNAmA''zrayavazAd yathA dhenvAH payo dugdhaM bhavati, ahestu sa eva viSaMviSarUpatayA pariNamati, tathA tenaiva prakAreNa punnyaa'punnyprinnaamH| idamuktaM bhavati- asti sa kazcit tasyA''hArasya pariNAmo yena tulyo'pi sannAzrayavaicitryAd vicitratayA pariNamati; AzrayasyApyahi-dhenulakSaNasyAsti tattad nijasAmarthyam, yena tulyo'pi gRhIta AhArastattadrUpatayA pariNamate; tathA puNya-pApayorUpanayayojanA kRtaiveti|" -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1944 kI TIkA 288. "jaha vegasarIrammi vi saaraa'saarprinnaamyaamei| avisiTTho vAhAro taha kmmsubhaa'subhvibhaago||" bhASya- "dhenu-viSadharayorbhinne zarIra AhArasya pariNAmavaicitryaM drshitm| 'vA' ityathavA, yathaikasminnapi puruSAdizarIre'viziSTe'pyekarUpo'tyAhAro gRhItastatkSaNa eva sArA'sArapariNAmatAmeti-rasA'sRga-mAMsAdi-rasapariNAma mUtra- purISarUpamalapariNAmaM ca yugapadAgacchatItyarthaH tathA karmaNo'pyaviziSTasya gRhItasya pariNAma''zrayavazAt zubhA'zubhavibhAgo draSTavya iti|" -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1945 aura usakI TIkA 289. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1946 290. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1939 291. "ihajJAnAvaraNAdimUlaprakRtInAmanyonyaM saMkramaH kadApi na bhavatyeva, uttaraprakRtInAM tu nijanijamUlaprakRtyabhinnAnAM parasparaM saMkramo bhvtiiti|.....eksyaa AyurlakSaNAyA nijamUlaprakRterabhinnAnAmapi caturNAmAyuSAmanyonyaM saMkramo na bhavatIti tdvrjnm| tathA, darzanamohaM cAritramohaM ca muktvA ; ekasyA mohanIyalakSaNAyAH svamUlaprakRterabhinnayorapi darzanamoha-cAritramohayoranyonyaM saMkramo na bhvtiityrthH| uttarabhedAstadbhUtAnAmuttaraprakRtirUpANAM saMkramo bhAjyo bhjniiyH|" -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1939 kI TIkA 292. ahavA'NAittaNao khassa va kiM kmm-jiivjogss| aviogAo na bhave saMsArAbhAva eva tti|| - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1976 293. "badhyate puNya-pApakarmaNA jIvaH dAna-hiMsAdikriyANAM saphalatvAt, kRSyAdikriyAvat, tathA, vighaTate samyagupAyAt ko'pi jIva-karma saMyogaH, saMyogatvAt, kAMcanadhAtupASANasaMyogavat ityAdyanumAnAt prihrtvymiti| -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1985

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454 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 294. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 133 295. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 313 296. amara bhAratI, navambara 1965, pR. 11-12, uddhRta jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 313 297. jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana pR. 313 298. pApaM karma kRtaM kiMcid yadi tasmin na dRshyte| nRpate tasya putreSu pautreSvapi ca nptRssu|| -mahAbhArata, zAnti parva, adhyAya 139.22 299. bauddha dharma darzana, pR. 277 uddhRta 'jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana pR. 316 300. bhagavatI sUtra 1.2.2 301. saMsAramAvanna parassa aTThA, sAhAraNaM jaM ca karei kmm| kammassa te tassa u veya-kAle, na baMdhavA baMdhavayaM uventi|| na tassa dukkhaM vibhayanti nAio, na mittavaggA na suyA na bNdhvaa| ekko sayaM paccaNuhoi dukkhaM, kattArameva aNujAi kmm|| mAyA piyA NhusA bhAyA, bhajjA puttA ya orsaa| nAlaM te mama tANAya, luptassa skmmunnaa|| -uttarAdhyayana 4.4.,13.23, 6.3 302. jaina karmasiddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa, pR. 189 303. jaina karmasiddhAnta kA udbhava eMva vikAsa, pR. 189 304. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana pR. 318 305. micche sAsaNa mIse aviraya dese pamatta apmtte| niyaTTi aniyaTTi suhumu vasama khINa sajomi ajogigunnaa|| __ -karmagrantha, bhAga 2, zloka 2 306. gaiiMdie ya kAye joe vee ksaaynaannesu| saMjamadaMsaNalesA bhavasamme sNniaahaare|| -karmagrantha, bhAga 4, zloka 9 307. jaina karma siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa, pR. 157-172 308. paMcAdhyAyI, 2.45 uddhRta jaina karma siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa, pR. 193 309. karmavAda : eka adhyayana; sureza muni zAstrI, zrI sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1965

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 455 310. gItA 2.20 311. uttarAdhyayana sUtra 20.36, 37 312. gaNadharavAda 2.25 313. uttarAdhyayana 25.45 314. SaDdarzanasamuccaya, zloka 52 kI TIkA, pR. 279 315. uttarAdhyayana 25.45 316. cauvvihe baMdhe paNNatte, taMjahA- pagatibaMdhe, ThitibaMdhe, aNubhAvabaMdhe, pdesbNdhe| -sthAnAMga sUtra, caturtha sthAna, dvitIya uddezaka, sUtra 290 317. "NANAvaraNijjassa veyaNiya-Auya-nAma-aMtarAiyassa eesi NaM paMcaNhaM kammapagaDINaM aTThAvannaM uttarapagaDIo pnnnnttaao|" ___-samavAyAMga sUtra, samavAya 58, sUtra 304 318. vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie dRSTavya jaina karmasiddhAnta udbhava evaM vikAsa, pRSTha 20-84 319. se AyAvAdI loyAvAdI kammAvAdI kiriyAvAdI-AcArAMgasUtra 1.1.3 320. AcArAMga sUtra, adhyAya 1, uddezaka 1, sUtra 5 kI zIlAMka TIkA 321. dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga, 352-353 322. "utkarSArthipuruSakAraikatvAt, pradhAnamadhyamAdhamabhedabhinnAH puruSakArA na sidhynti| saprabhedAstAH siddhayo'siddhayazya nAnAjAtIyA na syuH avytiriktkaarnntvaat|" -dvAdazAranayacakra prathama vibhAga, pR. 353 323. "kAryAtirekAttu kAraNAtireka iti karmaiva pravartayita....tatra tvadiSTapuruSakAravyApArasyAvatAra eva nAsti svshktyaadhaanaasmrthtvaat| cetanAmAtrasAro hi puruSakAraH zaktiH , na ca sa pazutve vartamAno manuSyatve svacaitanyazaktimAdhAtuM samarthaH, manuSyaH sanna tajjJAnaM pazau, tasyApi karmalabhyatvAt" -dvAdazAranayacakra, pR. 353-354 324. dvAdazAranayacakra pR. 354 325. "ato yathAhAravizeSAbhyavaharaNakhalarasAdivibhajanAdyasaMcetitakriyAsu asvataMtra ___ eva tAH karmakRtAH puruSo matkRtA itybhimnyte|" -dvAdazAranayacakra, pR. 354 326. "iSTasyaiva kAraNaM svAtantryAt syaat| tasmAt sarvameva tat karmaNa ev|" -dvAdazAranayacakra, pR. 354

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456 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 327. 'akAraNamapi karma, sahAyApekSatvAt, bhArotpATavat" -dvAdazAranayacakra pR. 355 328. dvAdazAranayacakra pR. 355 329. "kmaikaantvaado'pyyuktH| tatpradarzanArthamAha-evaMvAdinaste punaH kAryalakSaNatvAt karmaNaH, kArya karma, yat kriyate tat karma, karturIpsitatamaM karma iti lakSaNAdakSarArthAccAnumeyaH krtaa| tasmAt karmaNo'nyaM kartAraM karmavyatiriktamantareNa karmAbhAvAd ghaTasyeva kulAlo'vazyaiSyaH krtaa|" / ___ -dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga, siMhasUri TIkA, pR. 357 330. dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga, siMhasUri TIkA, pR. 357 331. "asyApi brIhidRSTAntasya kSityudakAkAzavAtAMkurAdhAvRttirUpatvAt teSAM ca svarUpabhedAt svata: pRthAbhUtakatravinAbhUtaM karma sidhyati ato vipryysaadhntvmiti|" -dvAdazAranayacakra, prathamo vibhAga, siMhasUri TIkA, pR. 357 332. "kiMcAnyat, akSarArthAcca, "kriyata iti karma karturIpsitatamaM karma iti krmshbdaakssraarthH| tatastasya kRtakatvaM nirvivAdam, tasmAcca nirvivAdakRtakatvAt karmaNaH katurava bhAvaH svatantrasya, puruSa evaM bhavati, katureva bhAvaH sarvasyeti paMcamInirdezAd vA puruSAdeva sarva bhavati kAraNAt.......tacchakteH, tasmAdeva hi kartuH puruSAt karmaNaH kRtakatvazaktiH, karturvA puruSasya karaNazaktiH na vrIhiNaiva vriihivdaavrtktveneti|" -dvAdazAranayacakra, prathamo vibhAga, siMhasUri TIkA, pR.357 333. dvAdazAranayacakra, prathamo vibhAga pR. 358 334. dvAdazAranayacakra, prathamo vibhAga, siMhasUri TIkA, pR.358 335. 'karmapravRttimAtratvAt tathA zAstrArthasya asmadupadezAdikriyANAM ca pratipattyapratittyoH sarvANyetAni karmaNa eveti cet|' dvAdazAranayacakra, prathamo vibhAga, pR. 358-359 336. dvAdazAranayacakra, prathamo vibhAga, pR. 359 337. "yathA cAtra pariNAmyapariNAmakabhAvAdekatvaM tthaatmkrmnnorpi| AtmA pariNamayati tathAbhavanasAmarthyAd gatijAtyAdinA pudgalAn pudgalAzcAtmAnaM mithyAdarzanAditvena anyonyprinnaamktvaadnaaditvmektvm|| -dvAdazAranayacakra, prathamo vibhAga, pR. 361 338, "yadapi ca rUpAdi tadapyAtmana eva tattvam, upayogAtmakatvAt tadavyatirekalabhyarUpatvAt, madhyAdivat....yaccopayogasvatattvaM matyAdi tadapi pudgalAtmatattvam, rUpAdyatmakatvAt, aNvAdivat" -dvAdazAranayacakra, prathamo vibhAga, pR. 362-363

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pUrvakRta karmavAda 457 339. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 65 340. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 66 341. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 66 kI TIkA 342. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 67 343. 'dRSTakAraNavaiguNyAdeva tatra kAryAbhAva' iti cet? tarhi tadvaiguNyaM yannimittam, tata eva kAryavaiguNyaM nyAyaprAptam, 'taddhetoH' iti nyaayaat| -zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 67 kI TIkA 344. "tathAvidhaprayatnaM vinApi zubhAdRSTena dhanaprAptyAdidarzanAt; karmavipAka kAle'varjanIyasaMnidhikatvenaiva teSA nimitttvvyvhaaraat| ata eva 'dRSTakAraNAnAmadRSTavyaMjakatvam' iti siddhAnta:" -zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 67 kI TIkA 345. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 67 kI TIkA meM uddhRta 346. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 67 kI TIkA meM 347. citraM bhogyaM tathA citrAtkarmaNo'hetutAnyathA' -zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 68 348. 'kvacidudbhutarUpameva, kvaciccAnudbhutarUpameva, paramANusAdbhUtAnAM ca zAlyAdibIjAnAM zAlyAdyaGkurajanakatvameva' iti niyame pareNA'pyadRSTamyaivA'GgIkArAt, sarvatra tddhetutvsyaivaucityaat| -zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 68 kI TIkA 349. 'tasya yasmAdvicitratva niyatyAderna yujyte|' -zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 68 350. 'adRSTaikAntavAde'nirmokSApatteH' -zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 80 kI TIkA 351. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 80 kI TIkA 352. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 80 kI TIkA 353. sanmati tarka 3.53 para abhayadeva TIkA ke pR. 714-715 354. "samAnamIhamAnAnAM samAnadezakAlakulAkArAdimatAmarthaprAptyaprAptinA nimitte'pyanimittasya dezAdinA prtiniymaayogaat| na ca paridRzyamAnakAraNaprabhavastasya samAnatayopalambhAnnacaikarUpatvakAryabhedastasyA

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458 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa hetu - katvaprazakterahetukatve ca tasya kAryasyApi tadrUpatApatteH / bhedAccedavyatiriktasya tasyAsatvAt tato yannimitte ete taddRSTakAraNavyatiriktamadRSTakAraNaM krmeti|" -sanmati tarka 353 para abhayadeva TIkA pRSTha 715 355. sanmati tarka 3.53 kI abhayedava TIkA pR. 715 356. "na ca svataMtraM karmavaicitryaM kAraNamupapadyate tasya kartradhInatvAt / nacaikasvabhAvAt tato jagadvaicitryamupapattimatkAraNavaicitryamupapattimatkAraNavaicitryamantareNa kAryavaicitryAyogAt / vaicitrye vA tadekakAryatApracyuteznekasvabhAvatve ca karmaNo nAmamAtranibandhanaiva vipratipattiH / puruSakAlasvabhAvAderapi jgdvaicitrykaarnntvenaarthto'bhyupgmaat|" - sanmatitarka, 3.53 kI abhayadeva TIkA pR. 715 357. sanmati tarka 3.53 para abhayadeva TIkA pR. 715 358. saMnyAsopaniSad 2. 98 359. brahmabindUpaniSad, maMtra 2 uddhRta IzAdyaSTottarazatopaniSad 360. rAmAyaNa, uttarakANDa, sarga 15, zloka 25 361. gItA 2.22 362. pUrvajanmakRtaM karmehArjitaM tad dvidhAkRtam - zukranIti, 49 363. svapnavAsavadatta, prathama aMka, zloka 4 364. meghadUta, uttaramegha, zloka 49 365. hitopadeza, kathAmukha kA zloka 31 sampattezca vipattezca daivameva hi kAraNam- hitopadeza, sandhi, zloka 48 366. 367. nItizataka, zloka 95 368. kammA vipAkA vartanti vipAko kamma saMbhavo / kammA punabbhavo hoti evaM loko pavattatI ti / / - vibhaMga, pR. 426, visuddhimagga uddhRta bauddha darzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana, pR. 478 369. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1921 370. tattvArtha sUtra 10.3 371. zAstravArtA samuccaya 2.66 kI TIkA

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SaSTha adhyAya puruSavAda aura puruSakAra - - utthApanikA sanmatitarka meM siddhasena sUri (5vIM zatI) dvArA kAla, svabhAva, niyati aura pUrvakRta karma ke sAtha 'puruSa' ko bhI kAraNa rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, yathA kAlo sahAva NiyaI puvakayaM purisa kaarnnegNtaa| micchattaM te ceva u, samAsao hoti smmttN|| gAthA meM 'purise' zabda prayukta huA hai jo 'puruSa' kA vAcaka hai| ataH isa gAthA ke anya zabdoM 'kAlo', 'sahAva', 'NiyaI' evaM 'puvvakaya' ke AdhAra para jisa prakAra kramaza: kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, niyativAda evaM pUrvakRtavAda (karmavAda) phalita hue haiM usI prakAra 'purisa' zabda se 'puruSavAda' phalita hotA hai| bhAratIya vAGmaya evaM vizeSata: jaina vAGmaya kA avalokana karane para vidita hotA hai ki isa 'puruSa' zabda ne puruSArtha taka kI lambI yAtrA taya kI hai| kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta ke saMdarbha meM yaha 'puruSa' zabda do prakAra ke bhinna arthoM meM prayukta huA hai- 1. sRSTikartA puruSa ke artha meM 2. puruSakAra yA puruSArtha ke artha meN| inameM prathama artha meM prayukta 'puruSa' zabda kevala parama puruSa ke artha taka sImita nahIM rahA, apitu usakA 'brahma' evaM 'Izvara' ke artha meM bhI vikAsa huaa| ata: 'puruSa' kI kAraNatA kI carcA karate samaya isa adhyAya meM brahma evaM Izvara kI kAraNatA kI carcA bhI prasaMgataH kI jaaegii| sAtha hI puruSakAra yA puruSArtha para bhI vizada prakAza DAlA jAegA, kyoMki jaina dArzanikoM ne Age calakara pradhAnatayA 'purisa' zabda kA puruSakAra yA puruSArtha artha hI aMgIkAra kiyA hai| saMkSepa meMpuruSavAda se puruSArthavAda taka yadyapi siddhasena viracita 'sanmatitarka' kI gAthA meM 'puruSa' zabda kA prayoga huA hai, kintu vyAkhyAkAroM ne usake bhinna-bhinna artha grahaNa kie haiN| sanmatitarka ke TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri (10vIM zatI) ne 'puruSavAda' artha grahaNa kiyA hai| ve apanI

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460 jainadarzana meM kAraNa- kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa TIkA meM eka parama puruSa se sRSTi racanA kA pratipAdana karane vAle vAda ko puruSavAda kahakara usakA nirasana karate haiN| yazovijaya ne bhI isa artha ko surakSita rakhA hai| jainAcAyoM ne 'puruSavAda' ke sAtha IzvaravAda kA bhI nirasana kiyA hai| haribhadrasUri (8vIM zatI) ne viMzativiMzikA grantha kI bIjaviMzikA meM 'purisa' ke sthAna para 'purisakiriyAo' zabda kA prayoga karake puruSakAravAda arthAt puruSArthavAda ko mahattva diyA hai, yathA taha bhavvattaM jaM kAlaniyaipuvvakayapurisakiriyAo / akkhivai tahasahAvaM tA tadadhINaM tayaMpi bhave / / haribhadrasUri yahA~ 'puruSa' kA artha 'AtmA' aMgIkAra kara usake dvArA kI jAne vAlI kriyAoM ko 'purisakiriyAo' kaha rahe haiN| inake anantara zIlAMkAcArya ne sUtrakRtAMga kI TIkA meM 'purisa' kA artha 'puruSakAra' kiyA hai jo puruSa ke dvArA kiye jAne vAle udyama, utthAna, parAkrama Adi kA sUcaka hai| pravacanasAra kI tattvapradIpikA TIkA meM amRtacandrAcArya ne naya ke antargata kAlasvabhAvAdi ke sAtha puruSakAra naya kI gaNanA kI hai| Adhunika vyAkhyAkAroM meM paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne gaNadharavAda kI prastAvanA meM siddhasena ke mantavya ko prastuta karate hue jahA~ kAla Adi pA~ca vAdoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, vahA~ unhoMne 'purisa' kA artha puruSArtha kiyA hai| jinendravarNI ko bhI puruSArtha artha mAnya hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ko puruSavAda aura puruSakAra donoM artha svIkArya hai| prAyaH Adhunika jainAcArya evaM vidvAn puruSakAra yA puruSArtha artha ko hI paMca samavAya meM samAviSTa karate haiM, puruSavAda arthAt sRSTikartA puruSa ko nahIM / puruSakAraNatA : puruSavAda, IzvaravAda evaM puruSArtha ke rUpa meM sanmatitarka ke racayitA siddhasenasUri ne to gAthA meM 'purisa' zabda diyA hai, jo puruSa kI kAraNatA ko prakaTa karatA hai| puruSa kI kAraNatA do prakAra se ho sakatI hai 1. puruSa ( parama puruSa) ko sarjanakartA mAnane se| 2. puruSa ( jIvAtmA) ko kartA mAnane se / abhayadevasUri, yazovijaya Adi AcAryoM ne puruSa kI kAraNatA kA sRSTikartA ke rUpa meM ullekha tatkAlIna pracalita mAnyatA kA nirUpaNa karane kI dRSTi

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 461 se kiyA hai, kintu jainAcAryoM ko eka puruSa (paramAtmA) ke dvArA sRSTi kI racanA mAnya nahIM hai| ve to sRSTi ko anAdi ananta mAnate haiN| kAlacakra se hone vAle parivartana ko avazya svIkAra karate haiN| jainadarzana meM aisA koI parama puruSa bhI nahIM hai jo eka hI ho, nitya ho, sarvavyApI ho evaM sRSTi kA kartA ho| nyAya, vaizeSika Adi dArzanika Izvara ko sRSTikartA mAnate haiN| jaina dArzanikoM ne puruSavAda kA khaNDana karane ke sAtha IzvaravAda kA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai| ata: uttaravartI AcAryoM ne puruSa arthAt AtmA ke dvArA kI jAne vAlI kriyAoM ko arthAt puruSakAra ko kAraNa-samavAya meM sthAna diyA hai| paMca samavAya meM puruSakAravAda/puruSArthavAda kA aucitya jaina dRSTi se paMca kAraNa samavAya meM 'puruSakAra' yA 'puruSArtha' kA samAveza hI samucita pratIta hotA hai| kyoMki jaina darzana puruSArthavAdI darzana hai| zramaNasaMskRti kA dharma hone se isameM zrama athavA puruSArtha ko mahattva prApta hai| 'puruSavAda' ko jaina darzana ke paMca kAraNa samavAya meM sthAna denA yukti saMgata pratIta nahIM hotA, kyoMki puruSavAda meM parama puruSa se sRSTi kA sarjana svIkAra kiyA gayA hai athavA usake anya vikasita rUpoM meM brahma yA Izvara ko sRSTi kA kartA aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jo jaina darzana ke anusAra mAnya nahIM ho sktaa| jaina darzana kisI puruSa, brahma yA Izvara ko sRSTikartA nahIM maantaa| ata: Adhunika jainAcArya paMca kAraNa samavAya meM kAla, svabhAva, niyati evaM pUrvakRta karma ke sAtha puruSArtha ko sthAna dete haiN| jainadarzana AtmavAdI evaM karmavAdI hai, usameM puruSArtha/zrama/udyama kA mahattva pUrNata: nirvivAda hai| yahI nahIM, usameM puruSArtha kI pradhAnatA bhI hai| isalie paMca kAraNa samavAya meM usakA sthAna honA sarvathA upayukta hai| hA~, 'puruSa' zabda kA AtmA artha grahaNa karake usako hI kartA-vikartA mAnate hue kathaMcit puruSavAda nAma svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| prastuta adhyAya ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA rahA hai| pUrvArddha bhAga meM 'puruSavAda' kI carcA kI jAegI tathA uttarArddha bhAga meM 'puruSakAra' yA 'puruSArtha' para vicAra kiyA jaaegaa| puruSavAda sanmatitarka meM 'purise' (puruSa) zabda kA prayoga hone se isa adhyAya ke pUrvArddha meM puruSavAda para cintana abhISTa hai| prasaMgataH brahmavAda evaM IzvaravAda para bhI vicAra kiyA jaaegaa| 'puruSavAda' kI avadhAraNA hI brahmavAda evaM IzvaravAda ke rUpa meM vikAsa ko prApta huI hai|

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462 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa puruSa sUkta ke antargata vedoM meM puruSavAda kI carcA samupalabdha hotI hai / Rgveda, yajurveda aura atharvaveda tInoM meM puruSa sUkta milatA hai / " yato vA imAni bhUtAni jAyante', 'pUrNa puruSeNa sarvam" upaniSad vAkya brahma aura parama puruSa kI kAraNatA sthApita karate haiM / purANa sAhitya meM brahmA, viSNu aura maheza se sRSTi kI utpatti kA varNana hai| vaidika sAhitya hI nahIM, apitu saMskRta sAhitya bhI puruSavAda kI carcA se achUtA nahIM hai| rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, manusmRti Adi prasiddha saMskRta racanAoM meM brahmA se jagadutpatti kA ullekha milatA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ko puruSa kI kAraNatA svIkArya nahIM hai| ataH mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa, abhayadevasUri, zIlAMkAcArya, vizeSAvazyakabhASyakAra Adi diggaja AcAryoM ne puruSavAda kA sundara rIti se upasthApana kara prabala tarkoM se usakA khaNDana prastuta kiyA hai| puruSavAda kA pratipAdana veda meM puruSavAda kI carcA puruSavAda kI carcA Rgveda, yajurveda aura atharvaveda tInoM meM 'puruSa sUkta' ke rUpa meM samprApta hotI hai| Rgveda (maNDala 10) aura atharvaveda ( kANDa 19) ke puruSasUkta meM 16 - 16 tathA yajurveda (adhyAya 39 ) ke puruSasUkta meM 22 maMtra haiN| tInoM hI sUktoM kA abhiprAya samAna hai| Rgveda ke 16 maMtra to yajurveda meM jyoM kI tyoM prApta hote haiM, 6 mantra naye haiM tathA Rgveda ke ve 16 maMtra atharvaveda meM mAmUlI pAThabheda ke sAtha prApta hote haiN| sRSTi racanA hetu eka aise puruSa kI kalpanA veda meM prApta hotI hai, jo sahasra ziroM vAlA, sahasra bhujAoM vAlA, sahasra netroM vAlA aura sahasra pairoM vAlA hai| vaha sampUrNa jagat ko vyApta kie hue hai|' yaha sarvavyApaka puruSa AhAra karane vAle cetana aura anAhArI jar3a jagat meM vividha prakAra se vyApta hai| ' veda meM isa puruSa ko atyadhika mahimAzAlI mAnA gayA hai| ataH kahA hai 'puruSa evedaM sarva yad bhUtaM yacca bhAvyam / utAmRtatvasyezvaro yadanyenAbhavat saha / / * arthAt jo kucha vidyamAna hai, jo kucha utpanna huA aura utpanna hone vAlA hai, jo amarapana arthAt mokSa sukha aura usase bhinna duHkha kA bhI zAsaka hai vaha puruSa hI hai|

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 463 4 Rgveda meM isa jagatsraSTA puruSa ke mukha se brAhmaNa ko, donoM bhujAoM se kSatriya ko, madhya ke ghuTanoM taka ke bhAga se vaizya ko aura donoM pairoM se zUdroM ko utpanna pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| Rgveda meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki mana se candra loka aura netra se sUrya maNDala utpanna huaa| mukha se bijalI aura Aga tathA prANa se pavana utpanna huii| nAbhi se lokoM ke bIca kA AkAza, zira se prakAzayukta loka aura donoM pairoM se bhUmi samyak vartamAna huI tathA kAna se dizAoM kI utpatti huI / " isa prakAra lokotpatti kI kalpanA karate hue isa sUkta meM kahA gayA hai 6 'tasmAdvirALa jAyata virAjo adhi puruSaH arthAt sRSTi ke Adi meM virAT (vividha padArthoM se yukta brahmANDa ) yathAvidhi huA aura virAT se puruSa huaa| usa puruSa se ghor3A khaccara, gadhA Adi tathA donoM aura dA~toM vAle jAnavara utpanna hue| usase hI gAya, baila, bakarI, bher3a Adi utpanna hue| usane pazuoM ko hI nahIM grAma meM aura jaMgala meM nivAsa karane vAle pakSiyoM ko bhI banAyA / ' pUjanIya usa puruSa se Rgveda, sAmaveda, atharvaveda aura yajurveda ke mantra utpanna hue| ataH kahA hai tasmAd yajJAt sarvahuta RcaH sAmAni jajJire / chando ha jajJire tasmAd yjustsmaadjaayt|| vidvAn logoM ne, sAdhanA karane vAle yogiyoM ne aura zreSTha guNavAloM ne usa parama puruSa ko puNya karmoM se sIMcA tathA pUjA / 1deg 10 Rgveda ke 10 veM maNDala ke tRtIya adhyAya meM sampUrNa jagat kI sRSTi brahmaNaspati se mAnI hai| kahA hai brahmaNaspatiretA saM karmAra ivAdhamat / devAnAM pUrTo yuge'sataH sadajAyata / / aSTau putrAso aditerye jAtAstanva spri| devA~ u praitsaptabhiH parA mArtaNDamAsyat / / 11 arthAt brahmaNaspati ne vANI ko luhAra ke samAna RSiyoM meM bharA tathA prathama yuga meM avyakta se vyakta rUpa saMsAra utpanna kiyaa| isa avyakta prakRti ke ATha putra

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464 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa hue jo ki Izvara ke zarIra se athavA vistRta zakti se utpanna hue| sUrya ko sAta putroM se dUra sthApita kiyaa| ina ATha putroM ke saMbaMdha meM vizeSa vivaraNa dete hue dayAnanda sarasvatI ne batAyA ki jo Izvara kI ATha prakRtiyA~ gItA meM kahI haiM, yahI aditi ke ATha putra haiN| bhUmirApo'nalo vAyuH khaM mano buddhireva c| ahaMkAra itIyaM me bhinnA prkRtirssttdhaa||2 arthAt bhUmi, jala, vAyu, agni, AkAza, mana, buddhi aura ahaMkAra ye prakRtiyA~ haiN| inameM se AkAza ko chor3akara sabhI se yaha loka bnaa| AkAza koI Thosa padArtha nahIM hai, usameM ye saba sthApita hue| ina lokoM meM sUrya mukhya thaa| isa prakAra veda meM eka puruSa ke dvArA hI samasta sRSTi kI racanA svIkAra kI gaI hai| usa puruSa ko parama zaktimAna aura mahAn mAnA gayA hai| upaniSad meM puruSavAda kA pratipAdana aitareyopaniSad, zvetAzvataropaniSad, taittirIyopaniSad, praznopaniSad Adi upaniSadoM meM puruSavAda kA varNana samupalabdha hotA hai| paramAtmA ke saMkalpa se sRSTi kI racanA ko svIkAra karate hue aitareyopaniSad meM kahA hai U~ AtmA vA idameka evAgra aasiit| nAnyatkiMcana minnt| sa IkSata lokAnnu sRjA iti||23 abhiprAya yaha hai ki jar3a-cetanamaya jagat ke pratyakSa rUpa meM prakaTa hone se pahale kAraNa-avasthA meM ekamAtra paramAtmA hI the| usa samaya unameM bhinna-bhinna nAma rUpoM kI abhivyakti nahIM thii| usa sRSTi ke AdikAla meM parama puruSa paramAtmA ne yaha vicAra kiyA ki 'maiM prANiyoM ke karmaphala bhogArtha bhinna-bhinna lokoM kI racanA kruuN| yaha vicAra karake parabrahma paramezvara ne ambha, marIci, mara aura jala- ina lokoM kI racanA kii| yahA~ dhuloka 'ambha' nAma se, antarikSa 'marIci' nAma se, pRthvI 'mara' nAma se tathA pAtAla loka 'jala' nAma se kahA gayA hai| usake bAda unhoMne loka pAlanArtha jala se hiraNyagarbha puruSa ko nikAlakara use mUrtimAna kiyaa|5 paramAtmA ne usako lakSya karake saMkalpa rUpa tapa kiyaa| usa tapa se tape hue hiraNyagarbha ke zarIra se aNDe kI taraha mukhachidra prakaTa huaa| mukha se vAk indriya aura vAk indriya se agni devatA prakaTa hue| nAsikA ke chidroM se prANa aura prANa se vAyu

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 465 devatA utpanna huaa| donoM A~khoM se cakSurindriya aura cakSurindriya se sUrya prakaTa huaa| donoM kAnoM se zrotrendriya aura zrotrendriya se dizAe~ paidA huii| tvacA se roma aura roma se auSadhi aura vanaspatiyA~ prakaTa huii| hRdaya se mana kA AvirbhAva huA aura mana se candramA, nAbhi se apAna vAyu aura apAna vAyu se mRtyu devatA utpanna huaa| usake bAda liMga prakaTa huA aura liMga se vIrya, vIrya se jala utpanna huaa| isa prakAra sampUrNa sRSTi kA nirmANa huaa| taittirIyopaniSad kI brahmAnanda vallI meM jagadutpatti brahma se mAnI hai| vahA~ brahma kA svarUpa 'satyaM jJAnamanantaM brahma arthAt satya, anantajJAnarUpa batAyA gayA hai| usa paramAtmA se AkAza, AkAza se vAyu, vAyu se agni, agni se jala aura jala se pRthvItattva utpanna huaa| pRthvI se samasta auSadhiyA~ aura auSadhiyoM se anna kI utpatti huii| anna se yaha manuSya zarIra bnaa|" isa saMdarbha meM chAndogyopaniSad kI ukti 'sarva khalvidaM brahma tajjalAniti' satya hI pratIta hotI hai ki yaha sArA jagat nizcaya brahma hI hai, yaha usI se utpanna hone vAlA, usI meM lIna hone vAlA aura usI meM ceSTA karane vAlA hai| yaha brahmA vizva kA kartA hone ke sAtha vizva kA rakSaka bhI hai|20 praznopaniSad meM prajApati ko sRSTi kA sarjaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ maharSi kahate haiM ki nizcaya hI prajA utpanna karane kI icchA vAlA prajApati hai| jisane tapa karake (ravi) candramA aura sUrya (prANa) kA jor3A isa uddezya se utpanna kiyA ki ve nAnA prakAra kI prajAoM ko utpanna kreNge| puruSavAda ke saMbaMdha meM anya uktiyA~ bhI prasiddha haiN| ve nimna haiM1. yato vA imAni bhUtAni jAyante yena jAtAni jiivnti| ytpryntybhisNvishnti| tdvijijnyaasv| tad brhmeti| -taittirIyopaniSad brahmavallI, anuvAka 1 arthAt ye saba pratyakSa dikhane vAle prANI jisase utpanna hote haiM, utpanna hokara jisake sahAre jIvita rahate haiM, prayANa karate hue jisameM praveza karate haiM, usako tattva se jAnane kI icchA kara, vahI brahma hai| 2. (ka) kAlaH svabhAvo niyatiryadRcchA bhUtAni yoniH puruSa iti cintyA -zvetAzvataropaniSad 1.2

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466 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa __ kAla, svabhAva, niyati, yadRcchA aura bhUtoM ko sRSTi meM kAraNa mAnane vAloM ke atirikta kucha aise bhI vidvAn haiM jo puruSa ko jagadutpatti meM kAraNa mAnate haiN| (kha) yasmAtyaraM nAparamasti kiMcidyAsmAnnANIyo na jyAyo'sti kshcit| vRkSa iva stabdho divi tiSThatyekastenedaM pUrNa puruSeNa srvm|| -zvetAzvataropaniSad 3.9 jisase zreSTha dUsarA kucha bhI nahIM hai, jisase adhika koI bhI na to sUkSma hai, na mahAn hI hai| jo akelA hI vRkSa kI bhA~ti nizcala bhAva se prakAzamaya AkAza meM sthita hai| usa paramapuruSa puruSottama se yaha sampUrNa jagat paripUrNa hai| 3. devasyaiSa mahimA tu loke yenedaM bhrAmyate brhmckrm| -zvetAzvetaropaniSad 6.1 arthAt yaha paramadeva paramezvara kI samasta jagat meM phailI huI mahimA hai, jisake dvArA yaha brahmacakra ghumAyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra upaniSad vAGmaya meM jagadutpatti meM parama puruSa kI kAraNatA pratipAdita hai| purANoM meM puruSavAda para vicAra veda meM kevala jagat kI utpatti kA varNana hai jabaki purANa meM utpatti ke sAtha pralaya kA bhI varNana prApta hotA hai| purANoM meM kaI purANa rajoguNa pradhAna haiM, kaI tamoguNa pradhAna haiM aura kaI sattvaguNa pradhAna haiN| rajoguNa pradhAna purANoM ne brahmA kI mahimA gAI hai, tamoguNa pradhAna purANoM ne mahezvara-ziva kI mahimA batAI hai aura sattva guNa pradhAna purANoM ne viSNu kI mahimA pradarzita kI hai|29 vastuta: ina tInoM devoM kA AvirbhAva eka brahmasrota se hI hotA hai| harivaMza purANa, devI bhAgavata purANa, brahmavaivarta purANa, mArkaNDeya purANa meM sRSTi racanA kA varNana prApta hotA hai| harivaMza purANa meM vizvotpatti- bhagavAna nArAyaNa ne brahma se utpanna hone ke kAraNa apane yogamaya jJAna svabhAva se sanAtana divya puruSa kA sarjana kiyaa| usa sanAtana puruSa kA drava bhAga jala, sthUla bhAga pRthvI, polA bhAga AkAza, jyoti bhAga netra aura zarIra kA spandana hI vAyu thaa| isa prakAra ina pA~coM ke saMghAta se jyoti kI utpatti huI tathA usa avyakta puruSa se pA~ca bhautika puruSa arthAt vizva kI utpatti huii|22 devI bhAgavata purANa meM sRSTi kI racanA- devI bhAgavata purANa meM sarga aura pralaya kA varNana karate hue brahma ko sraSTA ke rUpa meM isa prakAra kahA hai

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 467 ekamevAdvitIyaM vai brahma nityaM snaatnm| dvaitabhAvaM punaryAti utpitsusNjnyke||" ekamAtra brahma hI advitIya hai| vahI nitya aura sanAtana hai, parantu jaba vaha vizva kI racanA meM tatpara hotA hai taba vaha aneka rUpa ho jAtA hai| jaise kisI upAdhi ke kAraNa dIpaka eka se aneka rUpa ho jAtA hai yA darpaNa meM pratibimba dikhAI dene para eka kA anekatva pratIta hotA hai, ThIka vaise hI jagat aura brahmA meM anekatva kI pratIti hotI hai| sRSTikAla meM brahmA se sarjana ke lie hI bheda hotA hai aura sRSTi kA anta hone para kisI prakAra kA bheda nahIM raha paataa|21 brahma-vaivarta purANa meM jagadutpatti- ekAkI aura asahAya prabhu ne goloka aura jIva jagat ko jIva rahita, jala rahita, vAyu rahita, prakAza rahita aMdhakAra se vyApta, ghora, bhayaMkara aura zUnya rUpa dekhakara mana se vicAra kiyA ki sRSTi kI racanA kruuN| aisA vicAra karake svatantra prabhu ne apanI icchA se sRSTi kI racanA prArambha kii|6 yathA AvirbabhUvuH sargAdau, puMso dkssinnpaarvtH| bhavakAraNarUpAzca, mUrtimantastrayo gunnaaH||" sarga kI Adi meM prabhu ke dakSiNa pArzva se saMsAra ke kAraNabhUta sattva, raja aura tama ye tInoM guNa sAkSAt mUrtimanta rUpa meM prakaTa hue| inase mahAn, ahaMkAra aura rUpa rasAdi paMca tantra mAtrAe~ prakaTa huii| isa prakAra jagadutpatti huii| mArkaNDeya purANa meM 9 sarga- mArkaNDeya purANa ke 44veM adhyAya meM sarga ke nau prakAra batAye gaye haiN| unako saMkSepa meM yahA~ uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai pahalA mahat sarga hai, jisameM mahattattva kI utpatti hotI hai| dUsarA bhUta sarga hai, jisameM pA~ca tanmAtrAe~ aura pA~ca bhUtoM kI utpatti hotI hai| tIsarA vaikArika sarga hai, jisameM pA~ca jJAnendriyA~, pA~ca karmendriyA~ aura mana- isa ekAdaza gaNa kI utpatti hotI hai| ye tInoM sarga prAkRta sarga kahalAte haiN|28 cauthA mukhya sarga hai jisameM sthAvara kI utpatti hotI hai| pA~cavAM tiryak srota sarga kahalAtA hai jisameM pazupakSI Adi tiryacoM kI utpatti mAnI gaI hai| chaThA Urdhvasrota sarga hai jisameM devoM kI utpatti mAnya hai| sAtavA~ arvAka srotasarga hai, jisameM

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468 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa manuSyagaNa kI utpatti svIkRta hai| AThavA~ anugraha sarga hai, jisameM aise maharSiyoM kI utpatti hotI hai jinake anugraha se dUsaroM kA kalyANa hotA hai| ye cauthe se AThaveM taka ke pA~ca sarga vaikRta kahalAte haiN| navama kaumAra sarga hai, jisameM prAkRta aura vaikRta donoM kA mizraNa hotA hai|29 mahAbhArata aura gItA meM puruSavAda mahAbhArata meM bhI puruSavAda ke bIja upalabdha haiN| yahA~ zAnti parva meM paramAtmA se sRSTi kI racanA ke rUpa meM puruSavAda kA astitva milatA hai| vahA~ manu ke dvArA paramAtmA se sRSTi kI utpatti batAI gaI hai, yathA akSarAt khaM tato vAyustato jyotistato jlm| jalAt prasUtA jagatI jagatyAM jAyate jgt|| manu kahate haiM- "bRhaspate! avinAzI paramAtmA se AkAza, AkAza se vAyu, vAyu se agni, agni se jala aura jala se yaha pRthvI utpanna huI hai| isa pRthvI meM hI sampUrNa pArthiva jagat kI utpatti hotI hai| yaha paramAtmA hI parama kAraNa hai aura isake sivAya jo kucha hai, saba kAryamAtra hai| 39 / / paramAtmA kA svarUpa batAte hue kahate haiM ki yaha paramAtma tattva na garma hai na zItala, na komala hai na tIkSNa, na khaTTA hai na kasailA, na mIThA hai na tIkhA hai aura zabda, gandha evaM rUpa se bhI rahita hai| usakA svarUpa sabase utkRSTa evaM vilakSaNa hai|22 paramAtmA vyApaka, vyApya aura unakA sAdhana hai tathA sampUrNa loka meM sadA hI sthita rahane vAlA kUTastha, sabakA kAraNa aura svayaM hI saba kucha karane vAlA hai|33 isI zAnti parva meM madhusUdana dvArA sRSTi kI racanA kA bhI ullekha huA hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki mahAprAjJa pitAmaha, kamalanayana ke dhAraka bhagavAn zrI kRSNa apanI mahimA se kabhI cyuta na hone vAle, sabake kartA, akRta, sarvavyApI tathA sampUrNa bhUtoM kI utpatti aura pralaya ke sthAna haiN| unhoMne paMca mahAbhUtoM kI racanA kii| jaisA ki kahA hai mahAbhUtAni bhUtAtmA mahAtmA purussottmH| vAyujyotistathA cApaH khaM ca gAM caanvklpyt|25 zrIkRSNa hI bhUta aura bhaviSya ke AdhAra haiN| unake saMkarSaNa kA prAdurbhAva hone ke pazcAt zrI hari kI nAbhi se eka divya kamala prakaTa huA, jo sUrya ke samAna

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469 puruSavAda aura puruSakAra prakAzamAna thaa| phira usa kamala se sampUrNa dizAoM ko prakAzita karate hue samasta prANiyoM ke pitAmaha devasvarUpa bhagavAn brahmA utpanna hue| " madhusUdana ne dina-rAta, Rtu ke anusAra kAla, pUrvAhna tathA aparAhna Adi samasta kAlavibhAga kI vyavasthA kii| phira brAhmaNa ko mukha se, kSatriya ko bhujAoM se, vaizyoM ko jAMgho se aura zUdroM ko pairoM se bhagavAna ne utpanna kiyaa| 37 pradhyAya so'sRjanmeghAMstathA sthAvarajaMGgamAn / pRthivIM so'sRjad vizvAM sahitAM bhUritejasA / 28 unhoMne hI apane mana ke saMkalpa se meghoM, sthAvara, jaMgama prANiyoM tathA samasta padArthoM sahita mahAn teja se saMyukta samUcI pRthvI kI sRSTi kii| isa prakAra bhagavAna zrI kRSNa ko sRSTikartA, saMhArakartA tathA samasta kAraNoM kA kAraNa mAnate hue mahAbhArata meM kahA hai- 'eSa kartA vikartA ca srvkaarnnkaarnnm| 9 zrImad bhagavad gItA meM bhI zrIkRSNa arjuna ko kahate haiM- 'bIja mAM sarvabhUtAnAM viddhi pArthaM sanAtanam *" he arjuna! samasta prANiyoM kA sanAtana bIja tU mujhako jAna | sabakI gati, bhartA, prabhu sAkSI, nivAsa, zaraNa, suhRd, utpatti aura pralaya kA sthAna, nidhAna aura avinAzI bIja maiM hI huuN| " rAmAyaNa meM puruSavAda rAmAyaNa meM maharSi vaziSTha loka kI utpatti kA vRttAnta sunAte hue kahate haiM sarva salilamevAsIt pRthivI tatra nirmitA / tataH samabhavad brahmA svayaMbhUdaivataiH saha / / sa varAhastato bhUtvA projjahAra vsuNdhraam| 42 asRjacca jagat sarvaM saha putraiH kRtAtmabhiH / / sRSTi ke prArambhakAla meM saba kucha jalamaya hI thaa| usa jala ke bhItara hI pRthvI kA nirmANa huaa| tadanantara devatAoM ke sAtha svayaMbhU brahmA prakaTa hue| isake bAda una bhagavAn viSNusvarUpa brahmA ne hI varAha rUpa se prakaTa hokara jala ke bhItara se isa pRthvI ko nikAlA aura apane kRtAtmA putroM ke sAtha isa sampUrNa jagat kI sRSTi kii|

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470 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa manusmRti meM sRSTi-racanA ___ manu ke samakSa muniyoM dvArA kI gaI jijJAsA ke pratyuttara meM sRSTi-nirmANa tathA usake pUrva kI sthiti kA varNana 'manusmRti' meM upalabdha hotA hai| sRSTi ke pUrva kI sthiti kA varNana nimnazloka meM dRSTigocara hotA hai AsIdidaM tmobhuutmprjnyaatmlkssnnm| aprataLamavijJeyaM prasuptamiva srvtH||3 arthAt yaha saMsAra pahale andhakAra rUpa, kisI prakAra ke jJAna se rahita, jJAna karAne vAle cihnoM se hIna, tarka ke pare, avijJeya tathA sabhI ora se sote hue ke samAna thaa| isa pralayakAla ke samApta hone ke pazcAt bhagavAna svayaMbhU paramAtmA ne avyakta rahakara pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu, AkAza ina pA~ca mahAbhUta aura inake kAraNa rUpa zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa, gandha tathA mahat tattva ko prakaTa kara sRSTi ko utpanna karane vAlI zakti ko bddhaayaa| tadanantara mahApralaya kI avasthA ke nAzaka rUpa se ve svayaM prakaTa hue|" vaha paramAtmA indriyoM se agocara, sUkSma, avyakta, sanAtana, sabhI prANiyoM meM vyApta tathA acintya thaa| aise sarvavyApaka paramAtmA ne dhyAna karake apane zarIra se vibhinna prakAra kI prajAoM kI sRSTi kI icchA se prArambha meM jala ko utpanna kiyA aura usameM bIja ddaalaa| vaha bIja sUrya ke samAna prakAza vAlA svarNa kA aNDA jaisA ho gyaa| tatpazcAt usameM sabhI lokoM ke pitAmaha (janaka) brahmAjI svayaM utpanna hue tathA unhoMne usa aNDe meM eka varSa taka nivAsa karake usake do bhAga kie| phira bhagavAna ne do Tukar3oM meM Upara ke Tukar3e se svarga aura nIce ke Tukar3e se bhUmi ko rcaa| AtmA se sad-asad bhAva vAle mana ko tathA mana se ahaMkAra ko nirmita kiyaa| isake bAda apane se hI mahat-tattva, tInoM guNa (sattvaguNa, rajoguNa aura tamoguNa) aura viSayoM ko grahaNa karane vAlI pA~coM indriyoM ko bnaayaa| tadanantara paramAtmA ne zaktizAlI chaH tattvoM (ahaMkAra tathA paMca tanmAtrA) ke sUkSma avayavoM ko apane vikAra ke sAtha (indriyoM aura paMca mahAbhUtoM ke sAtha) ikaTThA kara deva, manuSya, pazu, pakSI Adi prANiyoM ko rcaa| isa prakAra brahma se sRSTi kI racanA huii| jainagranthoM meM puruSavAda kA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM sRSTiracanA viSayaka vibhinna mata ___ AgamakAla meM pracalita lokaracanA ke saMbaMdha meM aneka mata jainAgama sUtrakRtAMga meM prApta hote haiN| usa samaya kucha matAvalambI kisI viziSTa puruSa se

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 471 jagadutpatti svIkAra karane ke kAraNa puruSavAdI ke rUpa meM jAne jAte the| deva, brahma, Izvara aura svayaMbhU (viSNu) dvArA sRSTi kA nirmANa mAnane vAle devavAdI, brahmavAdI, IzvaravAdI kahalAte the| unake mantavya isa prakAra haiM 48 devakRta loka- 'devautte ayaM loe *" arthAt deva ke dvArA yaha loka bIja kI taraha boyA gyaa| jaise kisAna bIja bokara dhAnya utpanna karatA hai isI taraha kisI devatA ne isa loka ko utpanna kiyA hai| vaha isa loka kI rakSA karatA hai| devavAdI mAnate haiM ki yaha loka kisI devatA kA putra hai ityAdi / 49 brahmaracita loka- 'baMbhautteti Avare " yaha loka brahma ke dvArA banAyA gayA hai / brahmavAda ke saMbaMdha meM do vicAradhArAe~ pracalita hai| prathama vicAradhArA ke anusAra "brahma jagat ke pitAmaha haiN| ve jagat ke Adi meM eka hI the| unhoMne prajApatiyoM ko banAyA aura prajApatiyoM ne kramazaH isa sampUrNa jagat ko utpanna kiyA / " 51 dvitIya vicAradhArA meM yaha carAcara jagat aNDe se utpanna huA hai| ve kahate haiM ki jisa samaya isa jagat meM kucha bhI nahIM thA, kintu yaha saMsAra padArtha se zUnya thA, usa samaya brahmA ne jala meM eka aNDA utpanna kiyaa| vaha aNDA kramazaH bar3hatA huA jaba do khaNDoM meM phaTa gayA taba usase Upara aura nIce ke do vibhAga utpanna hue| una donoM vibhAgoM meM saba prajAe~ huii| isI taraha pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu, AkAza, samudra, nadI aura parvata Adi kI utpatti huI / brahmavAdI kahate haiM ki sRSTi ke pahale yaha jagat andhakAra rUpa, ajJAta aura lakSaNa rahita thaa| usa samaya yaha jagat tarka kA aviSaya tathA ajJeya aura cAroM tarapha se soyA huA sA thaa| aisI avasthA meM brahmA ne aNDA Adi ke krama se isa samasta jagat ko banAyA / " 52 IzvarakRta loka- "IsareNa kaDe loe jIvAjIvasamAutte suhadukkhasamannie 13 jIva aura ajIva se yukta sukha aura duHkha sahita yaha loka IzvarakRta hai, aisA IzvaravAdI mAnate haiN| gommaTasAra meM IzvaravAdiyoM ke mantavya ko spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM- "aNNANI hu aNIso appA tassa ya suhaM ca dukkhaM ca saggaM NirayaM gamaNaM savvaM IsarakayaM hodi 4 AtmA ajJAnI hai, asamartha hai kucha karane meM samartha nahIM / usakA sukha, duHkha, svarga yA naraka meM jAnA saba Izvara ke adhIna hai| ataH samasta jagat kA kartA sAdhAraNa puruSa na hokara Izvara hI ho sakatA hai| hai|

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472 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa svayaMbhUviracita sRSTi sayaMbhuNA kaDe loe iti vuttaM mhesinnaa| mAreNa saMthuyA mAyA teNa loe asaase||5 arthAt koI anyatIrthI kahate haiM ki svayaMbhU arthAt viSNu ne isa loka ko racA hai, yaha hamAre maharSi ne kahA hai| yamarAja ne mAyA banAI hai isalie yaha loka anitya hai| viSNu pahale eka hI the aura akele hI ramaNa karate the| unhoMne dUsare kI icchA kii| unake cintana se dUsarI zakti utpanna huI aura vaha zakti hone ke bAda hI isa jagata kI sRSTi huii| ve kahate haiM ki usa svayaMbhU ne loka ko utpanna kara atyanta bhAra ke bhaya se jagat ko mArane vAle yamarAja ko banAyA aura usa yamarAja ne mAyA bnaaii| usa mAyA se loga marate haiN| vastutaH upayoga rUpa jIva kA vinAza nahIM hotA hai| isalie 'yaha mara gayA' yaha bAta mAyA hI hai, paramArthataH satya nahIM hai| isa prakAra yaha loka azAzvata-anitya arthAt vinAzI hai, yaha pratIta hotA hai|56 dvAdazAranayacakra meM puruSavAda kA nirUpaNa ___ mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa (5vIM zatI) viracita dvAdazAranayacakra meM prAcIna matoM kA saMkSipta vivecana prApta hotA hai| puruSavAda ke saMdarbha meM bhI isa grantha meM carcA hai| isameM puruSa ko cetana AtmA ke rUpa meM pratipAdita karate hue use samasta sUkSma aura sthUla jagat kA kAraNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yahI nahIM buddhi, sukha, duHkha, icchA Adi sUkSma jagat aura rUpa, rasa Adi sthUla jagat kI abhivyakti puruSa se svIkAra kI gaI hai| cetana puruSa hI sUkSma-sthUla jagat ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hotA hai, isalie puruSa hI sarvAtmaka hai| isa grantha meM puruSa kI dUsarI vizeSatA yaha nirUpita kI gaI hai ki vaha jJAna lakSaNa vAlA hai| jaba jJAnasvarUpa puruSa sarvAtmaka hai to vaha sarvajJa bhI hai| isa taraha puruSa kI sarvajJatA kA bhI dvAdazAranayacakra meM nirUpaNa huA hai| puruSa kI isa grantha meM cAra avasthAe~ batAI gaI haiM- jAgrata, svapna, suSupti aura tuury| ye sabhI avasthAe~ nyUnAdhika rUpa meM jJAnamaya haiN| puruSavAda ke evaMvidha svarUpa kA vivecana anyatra durlabha hai| yahA~ dvAdazAranayacakra grantha ke AdhAra para ina binduoM kA kucha vivecana prastuta hai jJAnasvarUpa hone ke kAraNa puruSa jJAtA hotA hai| yaha samasta jagat puruSamaya hai| puruSa ke eka hone se sabakA (deva, manuSya, tithaMca, naraka, pRthvI, ghaTa Adi kA) aikya hai| sabake eka hone se jagat aura puruSa eka hI hai| vahI vibhinna rUpoM meM

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 473 prakaTa hotA hai, isalie vaha bhAva hai- 'bhavatIti bhAvaH' Age praznottara zailI meM kahA gayA hai- . 'ko bhavati' -kauna hotA hai? 'ya: kartA' -jo kartA hotA hai| 'kaH kartA' -kartA kauna hotA hai? 'ya: svatantraH' - jo svatantra hotA hai| 'kaH svatantraH' - svatantra kauna hotA hai? 'yo jJaH' - jo jJAtA hotA hai| uparyukta praznottaroM kA sAra yahI hai ki puruSa hI kartA hai| kyoMki vaha svataMtra hai aura vaha svataMtra isalie hai kyoMki vaha jJAtA hai| zaMkA- dUdha jJAtA nahIM hai phira bhI dahI kA kartA hotA hai| ikSurasa jJAtA nahIM hai, phira bhI gur3a kA kartA hai| isalie jJAtA hI kartA hotA ho, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| samAdhAna- "na, tatpravRttizeSatvAd gopravRttizeSakSIradadhitvavat, jJazeSatvAdvA cakrabhrAntivat' arthAt uparyukta zaMkA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki usa pravartamAna jJAtA kI pravRtti parisamApta nahIM hone ke kAraNa Age bhI zeSa rahatI hai| jisa prakAra gAya kI pravRtti ke parisamApta nahIM hone ke kAraNa dUdha, dahI, navanIta, ghRta Adi usI kI pravRtti ke zeSa kArya haiN| usI prakAra puruSa kI pravRtti kA zeSa yaha jagat hai| isake lie cakrabhramaNa kA dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra kumbhakAra ke prayatna se bhramaNazIla cakra meM kumbhakAra kI pravRtti kA zeSa pAyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra puruSa kI pravRtti kA zeSa yaha jagat hai| rUpAdi ke sadRza amUrta puruSa se mUrta kI utpatti- jisa prakAra rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza evaM zabda amUrta hone ke kAraNa sUkSmavRtti ko nahIM tyAgate hue bhI apanI pravRtti ke prabhAva se avabaddha mUrtatva ke prakrama vAle paramANuoM kA Azraya lekara nAnA bhedoM se yukta pRthvI Adi sthUla rUpAdi ko utpanna karate haiN| isI prakAra puruSa se bhI rUpAdi bhAva prApta hote haiN| vaha puruSa svarUpa AtmA hI amUrta, sUkSma rUpAdi svarUpa se tathA sthUla mUrta paramANu dvipradeza Adi skandha, pRthvI Adi svarUpa se vibhakta hotA hai| . jJAnasvarUpa AtmA hI grAhya aura grAhaka- jJAna svarUpa AtmA hai| vahI rUpAdi svarUpa se nirUpita kiyA jAtA hai| isameM vaha puruSa parama kAraNa hai| 'rUpa' zabda

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474 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa kA artha jJAna bhI hai- taddhi rUpaNaM rUpaM jnyaanmev| vaha jJAna hI rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, zabda, sparza Adi kI dRSTi se alaga-alaga ko grahaNa karatA hai tathA avibhakta rUpa meM bhI grahaNa karatA hai|61 eka hI caitanya rUpAdi meM vibhakta hokara bhI avibhakta hai, kyoMki vaha vaisA hI anubhava meM AtA hai| caitanya se bhinna artha kI anupapatti hone ke kAraNa jJAna svarUpa AtmA hI grAhya aura grAhaka hotA hai|62 jisa prakAra zarIrAdi ko aura bAhya arthoM ko nyAya-vaizeSika mata se jAnatA huA bhI jIva svayaM ko jAnane meM anya pramANa kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA, isI prakAra rUpAdi bheda se aura jJAna-sukhAdi ke bheda se eka hI AtmA viparivartamAna hotA hai|63 puruSa kI sarvAtmakatA se sarvajJatA kI siddhi-buddhi, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa Adi tathA kAla, AkAza, dik, AtmA Adi amUrta-sUkSma haiM aura rUpAdi sthUla hai| ina buddhi Adi sUkSma aura rUpAdi sthUloM kA aparidRSTa (adRzya) puruSa meM samAveza ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra dUdha dhenu meM atyanta aparidRSTa hai, phira bhI dhenu se usakI abhivyakti hotI hai, usI prakAra samasta aparidRSTa cetana-acetana jagat kI vyavasthA cetana AtmA puruSa meM eka sAtha hotI hai|65 isa prakAra sabake puruSAtmaka ho jAne ke kAraNa puruSa meM sahaja hI sarvajJatA siddha hotI hai|66 puruSa kI cAra avasthAe~- puruSa kI cAra avasthAe~ hai- 1. jAgrata 2. supta 3. suSupta 4. tuury| ina avasthAoM meM tUrya avasthA vizuddha hai| ina cAroM avasthAoM ko sukha, du:kha, moha aura vizuddhi kI avasthA bhI kahA gayA hai| inheM sattva, raja, tama aura vimukti nAma bhI diyA gayA hai| Urdhvaloka, tiryak loka, adholoka aura avibhAga athavA saMjJI, asaMjJI, cetana aura bhAva bhI kahA gayA hai| inameM sarvajJatA tUrya avasthA meM pAI jAtI hai| usI ko paramAtmA bhI kahate haiN|68 mahAmoha aura nidrA ke kSaya se upazama zakti se nivRtti aura upakaraNa indriya ke dvArA pratyakSAdi se jaba jJAna hotA hai taba vaha caitanya kI jAgrata avasthA hai|69 suptAvasthA bhI jJAnasvarUpa hI hotI hai| kyoMki usameM saMzaya, viparyaya Adi bhI jJAna svarUpa hI haiN| jisa prakAra soyA huA vyakti ucchvAsa evaM ni:zvAsa Adi kriyAoM meM avyakta rUpa meM cetanA yukta hokara jAnatA hai| isI prakAra suptAvasthA vAlA puruSa bhI jJAnavAna hotA hai|

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 475 suSupta avasthA meM AtmA rAgAdi se yukta hokara apane Apako baMdhana meM DAlakara parAdhIna banA detA hai| karma-baMdhana se anAdi-ananta rUpAdi svarUpa ko prApta kara letA hai|" yaha avasthA bhI jJAnAtmaka hai, kyoMki jJAtA ke hone para hI deza kAla Adi se vastu kA honA siddha hotA hai anyathA ghaTa Adi kA pratyakSa honA siddha nahIM hotA hai| vijJAnarUpa jagat puruSamaya- rUpAdi ke bheda se padArthoM ke bheda kA vidhAna karane para bhI vastutaH vijJAna mAtra hI vyavasthApita hotA hai| isalie sarvatra AtmA, buddhi, indriya, prakAza, rUpa, ghaTa, auSadha, AhAra Adi meM jJAnavRtti kA hI astitva hai| jaisA ki kahA hai puruSa evedaM sarva yad bhUtaM yacca bhaavym| utAmRtatvasyezAno ydnnenaatirohti|| -zuklayajurveda 31.2 yaha saba puruSa hI hai| jo aba taka huA aura jo hogA vaha bhI puruSa hI hai| athavA amRtatva kA svAmI yaha puruSa anna ke dvArA apanA svarUpa prakaTa karatA hai| TIkAkAra siMhasari (sAtavIM zatI kA pUrvArddha) ne isa maMtra kA artha spaSTa karate hue kahA hai idam- dRzya spRzya Adi indriya gocara athavA anumAnagamya padArtha sarva- azeSa yA samasta bhUtaM- vartamAna aura atIta kA vAcaka bhAvyaM-bhaviSya amRtatvaM-akSayatA kA IzAna:- prabhavitA jJAna ke avinAzI hone se vaha puruSa akSayatA kA anubhava karatA hai| annena- jise khAyA jAtA hai, vaha anna hai| atirohati- bar3hatA hai| isa prakAra mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ne dvAdazAranayacakra meM puruSavAda kA samyak evaM vyavasthita nirUpaNa kiyA hai|

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476 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ke dvArA puruSavAda kA nirasana dvAdazAranayacakrakAra mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa (5vIM zatI) ne puruSavAda kA pramANopeta khaNDana kiyA hai| unhoMne puruSa kI advaitatA, sarvagatatA, sarvajJatA, sarvAtmakatA Adi kA jo nirasana kiyA hai, use yahA~ saMkSepa meM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| puruSa kI cAra avasthAoM kA nirasana- pUrva meM puruSa kI jo jAgrata, supta, suSupta, tUrya nAmaka cAra avasthAe~ nirUpita kI gaI haiM, usameM puruSa tattva ina cAra avasthAoM ke lakSaNa vAlA hai athavA ye cAra avasthAe~ puruSAdi ke lakSaNa vAlI hai?" yadi avasthAe~ svayaM hI puruSa hai, to cAra avasthAoM se bhinna kisI puruSa kI siddhi nahIM hotI hai| kyoMki samudayI mAtra kA samudAya svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, rUpAdi samudAya ke smaan| jaise rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza Adi kA samudAya ghaTAdi vastu hotI hai, usI prakAra cAra avasthAoM kA samudAya hI puruSa hai| ghaTa Adi vastu bauddhamatAnusAra rUpAdi kA samudAya mAtra hotI hai| rUpAdi se ghaTa bhinna nahIM hotA hai vaise hI cAra avasthAoM se puruSa bhinna nahIM hotA hai| cAra avasthAoM kA samudAya hI puruSa hai, to yaha samudAyamAtravAda raha jAegA, puruSavAda nhiiN| yahI nahIM tUrya (caturtha) avasthA ke pratipAdana ke lie yadi ina cAra avasthAoM kA krama svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, to eka sAtha ina avasthAoM ke nahIM hone se arthAt kramika hone se kSaNikavAda kI Apatti AtI hai| isI taraha isameM cAra avasthAoM ke cAra jJAnoM kI kalpanA karane se kalpanA jJAna mAtra hI satya raha jAegA tathA unakA AbhAsa karAne vAlI bAhya vastu jaise svapna meM nahIM hotI hai vaise nahIM rhegii| isa prakAra yaha vijJAna ke atirikta arthoM kA zUnyavAda upasthita ho jaaegaa| - zaMkA- Apa acintya kA cintana kara rahe haiN| Upara, nIce aura tirache kahIM bhI eka hI tattva vyavasthita hai aura vaha puruSa hai| usase bhinna para-apara aNIyAn jyAyAn Adi kucha bhI nahIM hai| jaisA ki kahA hai yasmAt paraM nAparamasti kiMcid yasmAnnANIyo na jyAyo'sti kiNcit| vRkSa iva stabdho divi tiSThatyekastenedaM pUrNa puruSeNa srvm|| jisase na koI para hai, na koI apara, na koI aNIyAn hai, na koI jyAyAn, yaha to AkAza meM vRkSa kI bhA~ti akelA sthita hai aura usa puruSa se hI saba pUrNa haiM (parivyApta haiN)|

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 477 (puruSavAdI) hamane 'puruSa eva idaM sarvam' isakA avadhAraNa karake bAta kahI hai, 'idameva puruSaH' ko lakSya karake nhiiN| pratiprazna se samAdhAna- yaha puruSa cAra avasthAoM meM se eka avasthAmAtra svarUpa ke rUpa meM vyavasthApita kiyA jAtA hai kyoMki sabhI avasthAoM meM caitanya kI vRtti rahatI hai| vaha puruSa vinidrA avasthA se (abhinna) ananya hotA hai| isa prakAra puruSa Atyantika nidrA ke vigamana svarUpa ke kAraNa vinidrAvasthA lakSaNa vAlA hotA hai| kintu yaha vinidrAvasthA apane se bhinna svarUpa vAlI nahIM ho sakatI, anyathA apane svarUpa ke tyAga kI Apatti A jaaegii| yadi vaha puruSa mAtra vinidrAvasthA lakSaNa vAlA hotA hai to puruSa meM vinidrAvasthA kI bhA~ti jAgrata, supta, suSupti Adi avasthA bhI hotI hai| puruSa ke ina bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM meM rahane se asarvagatatva kA doSa AtA hai| yadi vinidrA avasthA lakSaNa vAlA puruSa sarva svarUpa hone se vinidrA avasthA mAtra hI nahIM hotA, vaha vinidrA avasthA bhI sarva svarUpa hotI hai arthAt vinidrA avasthA vAlA puruSa bhI sarvAtmaka hotA hai| yahA~ prazna hotA hai ki yadi pratyeka avasthA meM usa vinidrA avasthA kI sarvAtmakatA hai, to tRNa Adi bhI sarvAtmaka yA sarvagata ho jaayeNge| phira puruSa ke ekatva kI kalpanA se kyA lAbha?82 yadi vinidrAvasthA puruSa kA lakSaNa nahIM hai to usakA abhAva siddha hotA hai| vinidrAvasthA kA abhAva hone se cAra avasthA vAle sarvAtmaka puruSa kA abhAva siddha hotA hai| zaMkA- yadi vinidrA lakSaNa se viparIta bhI puruSa puruSa hI hai, avadhAraNa bheda ke kaarnn| vinidrA avasthA ke atirikta bhI avasthAe~ puruSa kA lakSaNa banatI haiN| isa dRSTi se puruSa mecaka (varNa saMkara) kI bhA~ti aneka rUpa vAlA hai| samAdhAna- isa prakAra to avadhAraNa bheda kA avasara nahIM hai, anyAyya hone se, kyoMki isase ApakI pratijJA 'caitanyAtmakaikapuruSamayamidaM sarvam' kI hAni ho jAtI hai| yadi eka puruSamayatA kI pratijJA kA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai, to bhinna-bhinna artha ko viSaya karane ke AdhAra para avadhAraNa karane kA aucitya vizIrNa (naSTa) ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra yaha kahA jAya ki ghaTa hI rUpAdi haiM to isa pakSa meM rUpAdi ghaTa se arthAntarabhUta nahIM mAne jA skte| rUpa-svAtmA kA rUpAvasthA hI lakSaNa hai rasAdi avasthA nhiiN| ghaTasvarUpa kI to rUpAvasthA lakSaNa hI hai, usameM anya avasthAoM kA tyAga nahIM hotaa| isa taraha kaunasA aisA artha hogA, jo rUpAdi ke abhAva vAlA ho| isI prakAra vinidrA avasthA lakSaNa svarUpa puruSa se bhinna artha kA abhAva hone se

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478 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa anya supta Adi avasthAoM kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa puruSa ke svarUpa kA avadhAraka kauna hogA? isa prakAra avadhAraNa kA abhAva ho jAegA athavA pUrvavat pratijJA kI hAni ho jaaegii| 'puruSa eva idaM sarva' kA nirasana- puruSa kI svAtmA hI usakI avasthA hai| yadi avasthA nahIM hai to puruSa nahIM hai| jaise khapuSpa kI koI avasthA nahIM hai, ata: khapuSpa nahIM hai| yadi puruSa kI avasthA ko svIkAra bhI kiyA jAe to puruSa kI cAra avasthAoM kI ekatA siddha hotI hai| kyoMki ve sabhI puruSa kI hI svarUpa hai| udAharaNArtha vinidrA avasthA hI jAgrata avasthA hai, vinidrA avasthA svarUpa hone ke kAraNa, vinidrA avasthA ke samAna hai| isI prakAra anya avasthAoM meM bhI samajhanI caahie| jAgrata avasthA hI vinidrA avasthA hai| jAgrata avasthA svarUpaka hone ke kAraNa, jAgrata avasthA ke smaan| isI prakAra anya avasthAoM meM bhI samajhanA caahie| suptAvasthA hI vinidrAvasthA hai| suptAvasthA svarUpa hone ke kAraNa suptAvasthA ke smaan| isI prakAra anya avasthAe~ bhI hai| suSuptAvasthA hI vinidrAvasthA hai, suSuptAvasthA svarUpa hone ke kAraNa suSuptAvasthA ke smaan| isI prakAra anya avasthAe~ bhI samajhanA caahie| jo anya avasthA hai, vaha anya bhI hai eka svarUpa hone ke kAraNa, usa anya svarUpa avasthA ke smaan| isa prakAra bhedAbhAva ke kAraNa 'puruSa eva idaM sarva' ke atideza kA abhAva siddha hotA hai| puruSa kI advaitatA kA nirasana jo yaha kahA jAtA hai ki puruSa eka hI hai, usakI bhI anekatA kI Apatti AtI hai| jisake svarUpa se avyatirikta (abhinna) lakSaNa vAlI avasthAe~ binA bheda ke kahI jAtI haiM, vaha puruSa bhI puruSasvarUpa se abhivyApta hone ke kAraNa anavasthita eka tattva kI pratiSThA vAlA puruSa hai, isa rUpa meM atideza hotA hai| puruSa svAtma vAlA hone ke kAraNa pratyakSa artha meM 'idaM' ko viSaya karane para acetana, vyakta, mUrta, anitya Adi rUpa artha ke rUpa meM puruSa kI paramArthatA siddha hotI hai| puruSa kI vibhinna avasthAoM ko svIkAra karane ke kAraNa puruSa meM anyatva aura ekatva kI bhI siddhi hotI hai| ve vinidrA Adi avasthAe~ puruSa se anya hai aura una avasthAoM se puruSa anya hai| anyathA donoM meM eka hI svarUpa kI Apatti A jaaegii| jisa prakAra vinidrA avasthA suptAvasthA se bhinna hai usI prakAra puruSa kI vibhinna avasthAe~ bhI puruSa se bhinna haiN| puruSa kA atideza svIkAra yadi kiyA jAtA hai to bhI sva-para viSayakRta bheda ke dvArA pRthak-pRthak puruSa kI siddhi hotI hai|

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 479 puruSa kI sarvagatatA kA nirasana jaba puruSa kI lakSaNa svarUpa vinidrAvasthA puruSa nahIM hai, puruSa kA lakSaNa hone se, vinidrAvasthA ke smaan| isI prakAra anya avasthAoM meM bhI jAnanA caahie| isase puruSa kA abhAvasiddha hotA hai| jaba puruSa kA hI abhAva hai to sarvagatatA kaise siddha hogI? jisa prakAra uSNatA kA nirasana ho jAne se agni kA abhAva siddha hotA hai, usI prakAra puruSa kA lakSaNa siddha na hone se puruSa kA abhAva siddha hotA hai| dvAdazAranayacakra meM isa prakAra mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ne na kevala puruSa kI sRSTikAraNatA kA nirasana kiyA hai, apitu unhoMne puruSa ke svarUpa, usakI cAra avasthAoM puruSa evaM idaM sarva, puruSa kI advaitatA, usakI sarvagatatA Adi kA bhI pramANapurassara khaNDana kiyA hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM puruSavAda kA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa (6-7vIM zatI) viracita vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM gaNadharavAda' ke antargata puruSavAda kI carcA samupalabdha hotI hai| vahA~ gaNadhara agnibhUti ke mukha se 'puruSa evedaM sarvam ' vedavAkya kI vyAkhyA meM puruSavAda ko prastuta karate hue kahA gayA hai pUrvapakSa- "sabhI dRSTigocara hone vAle padArtha cetana-acetana svarUpa haiN| jo utpanna ho cuke haiM, jo utpanna hone vAle haiM, jo mokSa ke svAmI haiM, jo AhAra se vRddhiMgata hote haiM, jo pazu Adi calate haiM, jo parvata Adi nahIM calate haiM, jo meru Adi dUra haiM tathA kucha najadIka hai, jo sabake andara haiM aura jo sabake bAhara haiM- ye sabhI puruSa rUpa haiM, isase atirikta karma nAma kI koI vastu nahIM hai|"90 nirasana- bhagavAna mahAvIra 'puruSa evedaM sarvam ' veda vAkya ko stutiparaka batAte hue puruSavAda kA nirasana karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki vedoM meM kucha vAkya arthavAda aura vidhivAda kA pratipAdana karane vAle haiM to kucha anuvAda pratipAdaka haiN| 'puruSa evedam' ityAdi veda ke pada Atmastuti paraka haiM tathA isameM jAti Adi mada kA tyAga karane hetu advaita pratipAdana huA hai| 'agnihotraM juhuyAt svargakAmaH' Adi vidhivAkya hai, kyoMki ye svargecchu ke lie yajJa kA vidhAna karate haiN| arthavAda do prakAra ke hote haiM- 1. stuti arthavAda aura 2. nindA arthvaad| stutiparaka arthavAda ke vAkya haiM, yathA- 'puruSa evedaM sarvam ' "sa sarvavid yasyaiSa mahimA bhuvi divye brahmapure hyeSa vyomni AtmA supratiSThitastamakSaraM vedayate yastu

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480 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa sa sarvajJaH sarvavit sarvamevAviveza", "ekayA pUrNayA''hutyA sarvAn kAmAn vaapnoti|" "eSaH vaH prathamo yajJo yo'gniSTomaH yo'neniSTvA'nyena yajate sa gartamabhyapatat" isa vAkya meM pazumedha Adi karane kI nindA kI gaI hai, isalie ye nindArtha pratipAdaka vAkya haiN| anuvAda pratipAdaka vAkya haiM- "dvAdaza mAsAH saMvatsaraH" "agniruSNa" "agnihimasya bhessjN|" ataH 'puruSa evedaM sarva' stuti rUpa arthavAda vAkya hai|92 'vijJAnaghana evaitebhya' veda vAkya se abhiprAya hai ki vijJAnaghana AtmA paMcabhUta arthAt zarIra se bhinna hai aura vaha zarIra rUpI kArya kA kartA hai| kartA va kArya ke hone se yaha anumAna hotA hai ki isakA koI karaNa honA caahie| jaise luhAra aura loha-piMDa kA sadbhAva hone para kAraNabhUta saMDAsI kA anumAna hotA hai, vaise hI AtmA dvArA zarIra Adi kArya karane meM karaNabhUta karma kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| karma kI sattA kA sAkSAt pratipAdana isa vAkya se hotA hai- "puNyaH puNyena karmaNA, pApa: pApena karmaNA" arthAt pavitra kArya se puNya aura apavitra kArya se pApa hotA hai| isa prakAra Agama se karma kI siddhi hotI hai| ataH puruSavAda kA tumhArA mata asatya hai|93 sanmatitarka-TIkA meM abhayadevasUri dvArA prastuta puruSavAda evaM usakA nirasana pUrvapakSa- eka puruSa hI samasta loka kI sthiti, sarga aura pralaya kA hetu hai| pralaya meM bhI vaha alupta jJAnAtizaya kI zakti se yukta hotA hai| jaisA ki kahA hai UrNanAbha ivAM'zUnAM candrakAnta ivaa'mbhsaam| prarohANAmiva plakSaH sa hetuH srvjnminaam|| jisa prakAra tantuoM kA kAraNa UrNanAbha, jala kA kAraNa candrakAnta maNi tathA jaTAoM kA kAraNa vaTavRkSa hotA hai isI prakAra sabhI utpanna hone vAle kAryoM kA kAraNa vaha puruSa hotA hai| 'puruSa evedaM sarva yad bhUtaM yacca bhaavym|' vartamAna, bhUta, bhaviSya meM jo kucha thA, hai aura hone vAlA hai- vaha saba puruSa hI hai|95 nirasana- puruSa ko jagat kI sthiti, sarga aura pralaya kA kAraNa mAnanA usI prakAra asaMgata hai jisa prakAra Izvara kI jagat hetutA asaMgata hai| jaisA ki kahA hai

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 481 "utpanna hone vAle kAryoM kA hetu puruSa hai, utpatti se rahita kA nahIM, AkAzakusuma ke samAna saba kucha yugapad ho jaaegaa|' anyathA 96 niruddezya aura anukampA se sRSTi kI racanA anucita - prekSAvAn puruSoM kI pravRtti prayojanavatI hotI hai to kyA puruSa bhI jagat kI utpatti meM prayojana ko uddezya karake pravRtta hotA hai| Izvara Adi kI preraNA se nahIM hotA hai, anyathA usa puruSa meM asvatantratA kA prasaMga A jaaegaa| anukaMpA se dUsaroM kA upakAra karane ke lie bhI jagat kI racanA karanA saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki taba duHkhI prANiyoM kI racanA nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| unake karma kA kSaya karane ke lie duHkhI prANiyoM ke nirmANa meM pravRtti svIkAra kI jAe to yaha bhI samucita nahIM hai| kyoMki isameM una jIvoM ke dvArA kRta karmoM kI apekSA rakhanI hogii| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki sRSTi ke pahale anukaMpA yogya prANiyoM kA sadbhAva nahIM rahatA, isa taraha nirAlambana anukampA kA ayoga hone se isake kAraNa bhI jagat kI racanA meM pravRtti mAnanA ucita nahIM hai / 17 anukampA se pravRtti mAnane para sukhI prANiyoM ke vinAzArtha pravRtti ucita nahIM hone ke kAraNa deva Adi kA pralaya anupapanna ho jaaegaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jo samartha aura kRpAlu hai, vaha duHkha ke kAraNa adharma Adi kI apekSA rakhakara duHkhI prANiyoM kI racanA kare yaha bhI ucita nahIM hai| kRpAlu to dUsaroM ke duHkha ke kAraNa ko hI nahIM cAhate ve to paraduHkha ke viyoga kI icchA se hI sadA pravRtti karate haiN| 18 yugapat aura kramapUrvaka jagat kA nirmANa asamIcIna- krIr3A se bhI jagat racanA meM puruSa kI pravRtti mAnanA samIcIna nahIM hai| kyoMki krIr3A se jagat ko utpanna karane meM bhI jagat kI utpatti kI apekSA se vaha puruSa asvatantra ho jaaegaa| kyoMki jagat kI utpatti, sthiti aura pralayAtmaka vicitra krIr3A ke upAya kI usa utpatti meM apekSA rhegii| tabhI vicitra krIr3A ke upAya kI vRtti meM usa puruSa kI pahale se hI zakti hai to vaha yugapad hI samasta jagat kI utpatti, sthiti aura pralaya kI racanA kara degaa| yadi usake pAsa prArambha meM yaha zakti nahIM hai to azakta avasthA ke hone ke kAraNa krama se bhI vaha utpatti-sthiti- pralaya ko sampanna nahIM kara skegaa| eka hI sthAna para eka kA zakta aura azakta honA virodhI dharma hai / " abuddhipUrvaka jagat-1 - nirmANa meM pravRtti nahI- puruSavAdI mAtra puruSa ko jagat kA kAraNa mAnate hai isalie usameM sahakArI kAraNoM kI apekSA dUra se hI nirasta ho jAtI hai| pRthvI Adi mahAbhUtoM meM to apane hetu ke bala se Ae hue anyAnya svabhAva ke sadbhAva se unase utpAdya kArya kI yugapad utpatti Adi kA doSa saMbhava nahIM hai| " 100

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jainadarzana meM kAraNa- kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa koI yaha kahe ki jisa prakAra UrNanAbha svabhAvataH pravRtta hotA huA bhI apane kAryoM ko yugapat nahIM karatA hai usI prakAra puruSa bhI apane kAryoM ko yugapat nahIM karatA hai, aisA nahIM kahanA caahie| kyoMki UrNanAbha kI prANi-bhakSaNa lampaTatA ke kAraNa apane kArya meM pravRtti svabhAva se nahIM hotI hai anyathA vahA~ bhI yaha doSa samAna rUpa se utpanna hogaa| yaha UrNanAbha nitya eka svabhAvavAlA nahIM hotA, apitu svahetu ke bala se hone vAle parApara kAdAcitka zakti vAlA hotA hai, isalie usase hone vAle kArya kI krama se pravRtti ucita hI hai| puruSa yathA kathaMcit abuddhipUrvaka hI jagat-nirmANa meM pravRtta nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki isa prakAra to vaha prAkRta puruSa se bhI hIna ho jaaegaa| isI taraha prajApati Adi kI jagat kI kAraNatA kA nirAsa samajhanA caahie|101 482 isa prakAra 'puruSavAda' ke saMbaMdha meM veda, upaniSad, purANa, mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa Adi ke sAtha jaina granthoM meM bhI vizada carcA huI hai tathA jainAcAryoM ne puruSavAda kI mAnyatA kA prabala nirasana kiyA hai| nirasana karate samaya jainAcAryoM ne puruSavAda ke svarUpa ko prAmANikatA ke sAtha prastuta kie hai tathA vibhinna tarkoM ke dvArA usakA nirasana kiyA hai| 'puruSa evedaM sarvam' puruSa kI sarvagatatA, advaitatA, sRSTi racanAkArya evaM puruSa kI jAgrata, supta, suSupta tathA tUrya avasthAoM kA khaNDana jainAcAryoM ke cintana kI vizadatA ko abhivyakta karatA hai| brahmavAda : pUrvapakSa evaM uttarapakSa devavAda, brahmavAda, IzvaravAda Adi AgamakAlIna matoM kA pazcAt kAla meM bhI pallavana evaM puSTikaraNa hotA rahA / phalasvarUpa dArzanika yuga meM brahmavAda, devavAda yA puruSavAda aura IzvaravAda ke mantavya dArzanikoM ne svIkAra kiye tathA unako apanI racanAoM meM zAmila kiyaa| jainAcAryoM ko ye sabhI vAda mAnya nahIM the, ataH apane granthoM meM unhoMne inakA svarUpa evaM khaNDana prastuta kiyA hai| vizeSataH prabhAcandrAcArya ne apane prasiddha grantha prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM brahmavAda ke pUrvapakSa ko tarkapurassara upasthApita kiyA hai tathA phira usakA yuktipUrvaka nirasana bhI kiyA hai| yahA~ prameyakamalamArtaNDa ke AdhAra para brahmavAda ke svarUpa ke pUrvapakSa evaM uttarapakSa kI carcA kI jA rahI hai| prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM brahmavAda kA svarUpa evaM khaNDana brahma hI jagat ke cetana-acetana, mUrta-amUrta Adi samasta padArthoM kA upAdAna kAraNa hotA hai - aisA mantavya brahmavAdiyoM kA hai / brahmasUtra kA 'janmAdyasya

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 483 yataH 102 sUtra isI brahmavAda kA poSaka hai| brahmavAda meM jagat kI parikalpanA ke mUla meM mAyA ko mAnA jAtA hai aura vahA~ mAyopahita brahma hI jagat kA kAraNa hai| brahmavAda ekAtmavAda bhI mAnatA hai, jise brahmAdvaitavAda kahA jAtA hai| inake anusAra sArA vizva eka brahmasvarUpa hai| brahmavAdI apane mata ko pratyakSa, anumAna, Agama pramANa aura anya takoM se siddha karate haiM tathA prabhAcandrAcArya(10vIM zatI) inakI dI gaI yuktiyoM kA khaNDana karate haiN| pratyakSa pramANa se brahmavAda kI siddhi ___ A~kha ke kholate hI dRSTi patha meM Ane vAle viSayoM kA nirvikalpa pratyakSa hotA hai| isa nirvikalpa pratyakSa ke dvArA sarvatra ekatva kA bhAna, binA kisI bhedapratIti ke zIghrAtizIghra jo hotA hai vahI vastu kA svarUpa hai| saMsAra meM jo bheda kI pratIti hotI hai, vaha avidyA, saMketa, smaraNa Adi se utpanna hotI hai| jisake kAraNa ghaTa-paTa Adi bhinna-bhinna padArtha jJAta hote haiM, isalie vastuta: bheda vastu kA svarUpa nahIM hai| isa prakAra pratyakSa pramANa ke dvArA akhaMDa parama brahma siddha hotA hai|03 prabhAcanda dvArA nirasana . uparyukta kathana ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki pratyakSapramANa sAkSAt hI yaha ghaTa hai, yaha paTa hai ityAdi bheda rUpa kathana karatA hai, na ki abheda ruup| brahmavAda meM kAlpanika bhedoM se bhedavyavasthA mAnI jAtI hai| jaise- eka hI AtmA meM kAlpanika bheda karake kahA jAtA hai ki mere mastaka meM darda hai, mere paira meM pIr3A hai, ityAdi duHkha ke bheda kI vyavasthA hotI hai| kintu isa prakAra bhedavyavasthA svIkAra karanA bhI samucita nahIM hai| ___ jaina mAnyatAnusAra advaitavAdiyoM dvArA bheda kA khaNDana karane ke do pakSa ho sakate haiM- 1. bheda pramANa se bAdhita hai yA 2. abheda ko siddha karane vAlA koI pramANa hai| prathama pakSa ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki pratyakSAdi pramANa bheda ke anukUla hI haiM, ve bhedoM meM bAdhaka nahIM bnte| bheda ke abhAva meM pramANa aura apramANa kI vyavasthA nahIM rhtii| abheda ko siddha karane vAlA pramANa rUpI dUsarA pakSa bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki bheda ke binA sAdhya aura sAdhana kA bhAva kaise bana sakatA hai| ata: abheda ko siddha karane vAlA koI bhI pramANa nahIM hai| 105

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484 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa anumAna pramANa se brahmavAda kI siddhi 1906 pUrvapakSa- " yatpratibhAsate tatpratibhAsAntaH praviSTameva yathA pratibhAsasvarUpam, pratibhAsate cAzeSaM cetanAcetanarUpaM vastu ityanumAnAdapyAtmA'dvaitaprasiddhiH jo pratibhAsita hotA hai, vaha pratibhAsa ke andara zAmila hai, kyoMki vaha pratibhAsita ho rahA hai jaisA ki pratibhAsa kA svarUpa pratibhAsita hotA hai, ataH vaha pratibhAsa ke bhItara zAmila hai| isI taraha cetana-acetana sabhI vastue~ pratibhAsita hotI haiM, jisake kAraNa ve sabhI pratibhAsa ke andara praviSTa haiN| isa anumAna ke dvArA AtmAdvaita brahmAdvaita siddha hotA hai| prabhAcandra dvArA nirasana yaha anumAna ayukta hai / isa anumAna meM jo pratibhAsamAnatva hetu hai, vaha svataH pratibhAsamAnatva hai ki parataH ? svataH kaho to vaha hetu prativAdI kI apekSA asiddha hogA, kyoMki ve padArthoM ko svataH pratibhAsamAna nahIM mAnate haiN| parataH pratibhAsamAnatva viruddha hogA, kyoMki advaita meM sAdhya aura hetu dvaita hone se dvaita ko hI siddha karegA / 107 Agama- pramANa se brahmavAda kI siddhi Agama bhI pratyakSa aura anumAna kI taraha brahma kA pratipAdaka hai| isake saMbaMdha meM kucha Agama vAkya isa prakAra haiM (1) sarva vai khalvidaM brahma neha nAnAsti kiMcana / ArAmaM tasya pazyanti na taM pazyati kshcn|| 108 yaha sArA vizva brahmarUpa hai, koI bhinna-bhinna vastu nahIM hai, duniyA ke jIva usa brahma ke vivartoM ko- payAryo ko dekhate haiM, kintu use koI nahIM dekha sktaa| (2) yadbhUtaM yacca bhAvyaM sa eva hi sakalalokasargasthitipralaya hetuH / uktaM ca UrNanAbha ivAMzUnAM candrakAnta ivaambhsaam| prarohANAmiva plakSaH sa hetuH sarvajanminAm / / 109 jagat puruSamaya hai, jo huA athavA hone vAlA hai, vaha saba brahma hI hai| vahI sAre saMsAra kI utpatti, sthiti aura vinAza kA kAraNa hai| jaise rezamI kIr3A rezama ke dhAge ko banAtA hai, candrakAnta maNi jaise jala ko jharAtA hai aura vaTavRkSa jaise jaTAoM

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 485 ko apane meM se svayaM nikAlatA hai| ata: vaha unakA kAraNa hotA hai vaise hI brahma samasta jIvoM kA kAraNa hotA hai| prabhAcanda dvArA nirasana vaidika zAstra meM jahA~ kahIM brahma ke ekatva kA varNana hai vaha mAtra atizayokti rUpa hai, vAstavika nahIM hai| jaba padArthoM meM bheda svataH hI hai arthAt pratyeka vastu svata: anya vastu se apanA pRthak astitva rakhatI hai taba unako abheda rUpa mAnanA atizayoktipUrNa kalpanA se adhika kucha nahIM hai| makar3I Adi prANI svabhAva se jAla nahIM banAte haiM, kintu AhAra-saMjJA ke kAraNa hI unakI aisI pravRtti hotI hai, ata: isa udAharaNa se "brahmA sRSTi kI racanA karatA hai" yaha siddha nahIM hotA hai|110 Agama ke statirUpa yA prazaMsA rUpa vacanoM ko satya nahIM mAnanA cAhie, kyoMki isameM atiprasaMga doSa AtA hai| jaise patthara pAnI meM tairatA hai, andhA maNi ko pirotA hai ityAdi atizayoktipUrNa vacanoM ko satya mAnane para atiprasaMga AtA hai| brahmA hI brahmANDa kI utpatti, sthiti aura nAza kA kAraNa hai, yaha mAnanA bhI galata hai kyoMki advaita meM kAryakAraNabhAva asaMbhava hai| kAryakAraNabhAva to dvaita meM hI ho sakatA hai kyoMki eka kAraNa aura eka kArya ina do padArthoM meM hI kAryakAraNabhAva banatA hai| isa prakAra Agama sammata Apake tarka mithyAsiddha hote haiN| isa prakAra brahma kI advaitatA evaM jagatkAraNatA ko vedAntamata ke anusAra upasthApita kara AcArya prabhAcandra ne usakA yuktiyukta nirasana kiyA hai| IzvaravAda : pakSa-pratipakSa puruSavAda kA vikAsa IzvaravAda meM puruSavAda kA hI vikAsa IzvaravAda ke rUpa meM huA hai| nyAya, vedAnta Adi darzanoM meM jagatsraSTA Izvara kA nirUpaNa huA hai| yogadarzana meM Izvara ko kleza evaM karma-vipAka ke Azaya se aparAmRSTa puruSa vizeSa ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai|12 Izvara kA prayojana prANiyoM ke prati anugraha karanA hai| vedAnta darzana meM Izvara ajJAna kI samaSTi se Acchanna hai, vaha hI sRSTi-nirmANa meM upAdAna evaM nimitta kAraNa banatA hai|113 Izvara kI siddhi meM sarvAdhika cintana nyAya-vaizeSika darzanoM meM huA hai| yahA~ inhIM darzanoM ke AdhAra para IzvaravAda kI carcA kI jA rahI hai| - nyAya-vaizeSika darzana IzvaravAdI darzana hai| maharSi gautama ne Izvara ko sarvazaktimAna aura sarvajJa ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika ne jIvAtmA .

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486 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa aura paramAtmA ke rUpa meM AtmA ko vibhAjita kiyA hai tathA paramAtmA ko hI Izvara kahA hai| Izvara kA jJAna nitya hai| Izvara sabhI prakAra kI pUrNatA se yukta hai| Izvara na baddha hai aura na mukt| Izvara sraSTA aura pAlanakartA hone ke atirikta vizva kA saMhartA bhI hai| Izvara dayAlu, kRpAlu evaM ananta guNoM se yukta hai| IzvaraH kAraNaM puruSakarmA''phalyadarzanAt / 114 puruSa arthAt jIva ke karmoM kI viphalatA dRSTigocara hone se Izvara kI kAraNatA siddha hotI hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki prayatna karatA huA jIva hamezA hI karma ke phala ko prApta nahIM karatA, apitu kabhI-kabhI asaphala bhI hotA hai| ataH puruSArtha Adi dRSTa kAraNa usakI saphalatA yA viphalatA meM sAdhaka nahIM haiM, balki IzvarecchA usakI niyAmikA hai| Izvara prANimAtra ke karmoM ke phaloM kA nyAyataH pradAtA hai tathA hamAre sukhoM aura duHkhoM kA niyAmaka hai| usake Adeza aura niyantraNa meM rahakara hI jIva apane karmoM kA sampAdana karatA hai tathA apane jIvana ke ucca lakSyoM ko prApta karatA hai| Izvara kA lakSaNa vAtsyAyana RSi isa prakAra karate haiM'guNaviziSTamAtmAntara- mIzvaraH arthAt guNa vizeSa se yukta eka prakAra kA AtmA hI Izvara hai| ataH eka puruSa vizeSa Izvara hai aura vaha samasta kAryoM kA janaka yA kAraNa hai| 115 . IzvaravAda kI siddhi meM sAdhaka pramANa nyAyAcArya udayana ne Izvara ke saMbaMdha meM 'nyAyakusumAMjali' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kii| unakA Izvara nirUpaNa pradhAnaka yaha grantha pA~ca stabakoM meM vibhakta hai| inameM se pahile cAra stabakoM ke dvArA Izvara sattA kI virodhinI yuktiyoM kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| pA~caveM stabaka meM Izvara ke sAdhaka pramANoM kA ullekha hai, yathA kAryAyojanadhRtyAdeH padAtpratyayataH zruteH / ,116 vAkyAtsaMkhyAvizeSAcca sAdhyo vizvavidavyayaH / 1. kSityAdikaM sakartRkaM kAryatvAt ghaTavat- ghaTAdi jitane bhI kArya dRSTa haiM, ve sabhI kisI kartA ke dvArA hI utpanna hote haiN| kSityaMkurAdi bhI kArya hI haiM, ataH unakI utpatti bhI kisI kartA se hI hai / kSityaMkurAdi kA yaha kartRtva asmadAdi meM saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH asmadAdi se vilakSaNa kSityaMkurAdi kA kartA paramezvara hai|

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487 puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 2. 'saMyujyate'nyonyaM davyamanenetyAyojanaM karma' sRSTi kI Adi meM dvayaNuka ke utpAdaka do paramANuoM kI kriyA Ayojana kahalAtI hai| kisI bhI kriyA se kArya kI utpatti hotI hai to vaha kriyA avazya hI kisI svasamAnakAlika prayatna se utpanna hotI hai| sRSTi kI Adi meM do paramANuoM kI kriyA dvayaNuka rUpa kArya ko utpanna karatI hai, ataH usako bhI svasamAnakAlika kisI prayatna se avazya utpanna honA caahie| yaha prayatna svayaM paramezvara ke Azraya se saMbhava hai| 3. "brahmANDaparyantaM hi jagat sAkSAtparamparayA vA vidhAraka prayatnAdhiSThitaM gurutve satyapatanadharmakatvAt viyati vihaMgamazarIravat" guru dravya patanazIla hotA hai, kintu anya dravya kA saMyoga aura pratibaMdhaka prayatna, ina donoM meM se koI eka dravya ko patana se rokatA hai| jaise chIMke para rakhA huA dahI kA maTakA athavA AkAza meM ur3atA huA pakSI nahIM giratA hai vaise hI gurutara dravya brahmANDa kA patana pratibaMdhakI bhUta paramezvara ke kAraNa nahIM hotA hai| 4. "brahmANDAdi dvayaNukaparyantaM jagat prayatnavadvinAzyam vinAzyatvAt pAdyamAnapaTavat" jisa prakAra 'nirmANa' kArya prayatna se yukta koI puruSa hI kara sakatA hai, usI prakAra saMhAra bhI prayatna se yukta koI puruSa hI kara sakatA hai| jaise ki paTa kI utpatti aura vinAza meM dRSTigocara hotA hai| isI prakAra jagat kA saMhAra prayatna se yukta puruSa ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai aura tAdRza prayatna kA Azraya puruSa paramezvara hI hai| 5. padyate gamyate vyavahArAGgamartho'nena vyavahAra kA aMgIbhUta artha jisase jJAta ho use pada kahate haiN| isa dRSTi se pada kA artha 'vRddha vyavahAra' bhI kiyA gayA hai| sRSTi ke prArambha meM jaba jIvoM ke zarIroM kA nirmANa hotA hai, taba ve vyavahAra se pUrNataH aparicita hote haiN| jaise julAhA kapar3A bunane kA naipuNya kisI kI zikSA se hI prApta karatA hai| naipuNya zikSA kI yaha paramparA kahIM para avazya virAma ko prApta hotI hai| vaha virAma avasthA anya kI apekSA nahIM rakhane vAle kisI parama puruSa meM hI ho sakatI hai| vaha anyAnapekSa puruSa paramezvara hI hai| usa 6. pratyayAt- pratyaya arthAt vizvAsa / yathArthajJAna jisa puruSa meM rahatA hai, puruSa ke dvArA uccarita tadviSayaka vAkya hI pramANa kahalAtA hai| isI rIti se

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488 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa loka meM zabda kA prAmANya dekhA jAtA hai| isalie jaba taka yaha vizvAsa na ho jAya ki 'veda ke vaktA ko vedArtha kA yathArtha jJAna hai taba taka vedoM meM prAmANya kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hotI hai| ata: sarvajJa puruSa ko chor3akara kisI sAdhAraNa manuSya meM vedArtha viSayaka jJAna kA vizvAsa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vaha sarvajJa puruSa paramezvara hai| vedAH sarvajJapuruSapraNItA: vedatvAt yannaivam tannaivam yathA asmadAdi vAkyam- vedoM (zruti) kA nirmANa sarvajJapuruSa dvArA hI huA hai| kyoMki jo veda nahIM hai, usakI racanA sarvajJapuruSa ke dvArA nahIM hotI hai, jaise ki asmadAdi kI rcnaaeN| vedavAkyAni pauruSeyANi vAkyatvAt asmadAdivAkyavat- hama jitane bhI vAkya sunate yA paDhate haiM, ve saba pauruSeya haiN| atIndriya vastuoM kA pratipAdana vedavAkyoM dvArA hotA hai| ata: veda pauruSeya avazya hai| isakA racayitA puruSa Izvara hai| 9. sargAhAkAlIna paramANugatadvitvasaMkhyA apekSAbuddhijanyA dvitvatvAt ina paramANu, dvitva Adi saMkhyA kI utpatti meM jJAtA kI apekSA se buddhi nimittakAraNa hai| yaha buddhi draSTA Izvara kI hI ho sakatI hai, kyoMki sRSTi ke Arambha meM anya koI vyakti rahatA hI nahIM hai| uparyukta anumAna vAkya ke atirikta 'dyAvAbhUmI janayandeva ekaH' (dhuloka va pRthvIloka ko utpanna karane vAlA Izvara) 'vizvasya kartA bhuvanasya goptA' (vizva kA banAne vAlA aura saMsAra kA rakSaka) Adi Agama-vAkyoM se bhI Izvara kI siddhi hotI hai| sUtrakRtAMga aura usakI TIkA meM IzvaravAda kA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM saMsAra rUpa puSkariNI ke varNana ke sAtha IzvaravAda ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa huA hai| TIkAkAra zIlAMkAcArya (8vIM zatI) ne IzvaravAda kA pakSa prastuta karate hue usakA nirasana bhI kiyA hai, jo saMkSepa meM yahA~ carcita haiIzvaravAda kA pakSa iha khalu dhammA purasAdiyA purisottariyA purisappaNIyA purissNbhuuyaa| purisapajjotitA purisamabhisamaNNAgayA purisameva abhibhUya citttthti||17

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 489 isa jagat meM cetana aura acetana jitane padArtha haiM, sabakA mUla kAraNa Izvara yA AtmA hai| saba padArthoM kA kArya bhI Izvara yA AtmA hI hai| sabhI padArtha Izvara ke dvArA racita haiN| sabhI Izvara se utpanna haiN| sabhI Izvara se prakAzita haiN| sabhI padArtha Izvara ke anugAmI haiM aura Izvara ko hI AdhAra rUpa se Azraya lekara sthita haiN| sUtrakAra ne IzvaravAda ke mata ko adhika spaSTa karate hue zarIra kA phor3A, mana kA udvega, valmIka, vRkSa, puSkariNI, tAlAba aura bulabule ke udAharaNoM se Izvara kI siddhi kI hai| jaise kisI prANI ke zarIra meM huA phor3A zarIra se hI utpanna hotA hai, zarIra meM hI baDhatA hai, zarIra kA hI anugAmI banatA hai aura zarIra kA hI AdhAra lekara TikatA hai, isI taraha sabhI dharma (padArtha) Izvara se hI utpanna hote haiM, Izvara se hI vRddhiMgata hote haiM, Izvara ke hI anagAmI haiM, Izvara kA AdhAra lekara hI sthita rahate haiN| 18 vaise hI arati, valmIka, vRkSa, puSkariNI, tAlAba aura bulabulA kramazaH zarIra, miTTI, dharatI, pRthvI, jala aura pAnI se hI utpanna hote haiM, bar3hate haiM, anugamana karate haiM tathA unameM hI lIna hote haiM, usI taraha jagat Izvara se utpanna hotA hai, vikAsa ko prApta hotA hai aura naSTa ho jAtA hai| 19 nirasana- sUtrakRtAMga ke TIkAkAra zIlAMkAcArya ne IzvaravAda kA yuktiyukta nirasana karate hue kahA hai- . Izvara kI svata: prerita aura parata: prerita kriyAe~ kalpanAmAtra saba kucha Izvarakataka hai isako svIkAra karane para yaha prazna utpanna hotA hai ki kyA yaha Izvara svata: hI dUsaroM ko unakI kriyAoM meM pravRtta karatA hai yA dUsare ke dvArA prerita hokara? inameM se yadi prathama pakSa ko svIkAra kiyA jAe to ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki jisa prakAra Izvara svataH dUsaroM ko apanI kriyAoM meM pravRtta karatA hai usI prakAra dUsare bhI svata: apanI kriyAoM meM pravRtta ho jaayeNge| bIca meM Izvara kI parikalpanA karane se kyA lAbha? dUsare pakSa ke anusAra yadi Izvara anya ke dvArA prerita hokara kriyAoM kA pravartaka hotA hai to vaha dUsarA bhI kisI anya se prerita hogA aura vaha dUsarA bhI kisI anya se prerita hogA aura isa prakAra nabhomaNDala meM anavasthA doSa rUpI latA phaila jaaegii|120 pUrva zubhAzubha karmoM kI kAraNatA se Izvara kI siddhi ayuktiyukta yaha Izvara mahApuruSa hone se vItarAgatA se yukta hotA huA kucha prANiyoM ko naraka yogya kriyAoM meM kaise pravRtta karatA hai tathA kucha prANiyoM ko svarga-apavarga yogya kriyAoM meM kaise pravRtta karatA hai? yadi ve jIva pUrva zubhAzubha karmoM ke udaya se

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490 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa una-una prakAra kI kriyAoM meM pravRtta hote haiM, Izvara nimitta mAtra hotA hai to yaha bhI mantavya yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| kyoMki pUrva meM usa jIva kI azubha pravRtti bhI Izvara ke hI AdhIna hai|121 jaisA ki kahA hai ajJo janturanIzaH syAdAtmana: sukhduHkhyoH| Izvaraprerito gacchetsvarga vA zvabhrameva vaa|| yaha jIva apane sukha-duHkha ko prApta karane meM svayaM samartha nahIM hai| Izvara ke dvArA prerita hokara vaha svarga yA naraka meM jAtA hai| yadi prAktana kArya meM pravRtti pUrva prAktana karma ke kAraNa hotI hai tathA usameM bhI pravRtti prAktanatara karma ke kAraNa hotI hai to isa prakAra anAdi hetu paramparA hogI aura usI se zubhAzubha kAryoM meM pravRtti ho jAegI taba phira Izvara kI parikalpanA se kyA lAbha?122 jaisA ki kahA hai zastrauSadhAdisambandhAccaitrasya vrnnrohnne| asaMbaddhasya kiM sthANoH, kAraNatvaM na kalpyAte? sambaddha ko hI kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai, asambaddha ko nhiiN| zastra ke saMbaMdha se caitra ke vraNa (ghAva) honA aura auSadhi se caitra ke ghAva kA bharanA, zastra aura auSadhi kI kAraNatA ko siddha karatA hai| vahA~ asaMbaddha sthANu kI kAraNatA ko kyoM nahIM svIkAra kiyA jAtA? avinAbhAva ke abhAva meM kAryamAtra se kAraNa kA anumAna asaMgata yaha kahA jAtA hai ki "samasta zarIra, loka, indriya, karaNa Adi buddhi yukta kAraNa pUrvaka utpanna hote haiM, AkAra vizeSa hone ke kAraNa, deva-kula Adi ke smaan|" to yaha bhI yukti saMgata nahIM hai| kyoMki yaha hetu bhI Izvara kI siddhi nahIM karatA yata: Izvara ke sAtha isa hetu kI vyApti siddha nahIM hai| deva, kula Adi kA jo dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai vaha IzvarakartRtva ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki 'saMsthAna' zabda kI pravRtti mAtra se sabhI kAryoM kI buddhimatkAraNapUrvakatA siddha nahIM hotI hai| kyoMki isameM avinAbhAva lakSaNa rUpa vyApti kA abhAva hai, yadi avinAbhAva ke binA hI saMsthAna mAtra ke dekhane se sAdhya kI siddhi hotI hai to aisA hone para atiprasaMga hogaa| jaisA ki kahA hai "kumbhakAra ke dvArA miTTI ke kArya rUpa meM ghaTa ke nirmANa kI siddhi hone se valmIka kA kartA kumbhakAra ko nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai||123

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 491 jagat kA vaicitrya Izvara kI siddhi meM anupapanna Izvara kA kartRtva svIkAra karane para jagat kA vaicitrya siddha nahIM hotaa| kyoMki Izvara kA eka hI rUpa hai| AtmA kA advaita pakSa to atIva ayukti saMgata hone ke kAraNa AzrayaNIya nahIM hai| kyoMki vahA~ na pramANa hai, na prameya hai, na pratipAdya hai, na pratipAdaka hai, na hetu hai na dRSTAnta hai, na unakA AbhAsa hI bheda rUpa meM jJAta hotA hai| AtmA se abhinna hone ke kAraNa samasta jagat kA ekatva ho jAegA, usake abhAva meM kauna kisake dvArA pratipAdita kiyA jaaegaa| isa prakAra zAstra kA praNayana bhI nahIM ho sakegA tathA AtmA ke eka hone ke kAraNa usakA kArya bhI usI eka AkAra kA hogaa| ata: Izvara advaita pakSa meM jagat kI vicitratA kA kAraNa siddha nahIM hotA hai|124 sanmati tarka TIkA meM IzvaravAda kA nirasana sanmati tarka ke TIkAkAra abhayadeva sUri (10vIM zatI) ne puruSavAda kA khaNDana karane ke pazcAt IzvaravAda kA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai| unhoMne puruSavAda ke khaNDana meM jo tarka prastuta kiye haiM, ve IzvaravAda ke khaNDana meM bhI lAga hote haiN|25 kintu IzvaravAda ke khaNDana meM kucha naye tarka bhI prastuta kiye haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM1. yadi Izvara dUsaroM para anugraha karane ke lie sRSTi kI racanA karatA hai to yaha ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki yadi vaha anugraha se pravRtta hotA hai to use samasta prANI samudAya ko ekAnta sukhI nirmita karanA caahie|126 yadi svAbhAvika zakti se Izvara jagat kI racanA karatA hai to yaha bhI saMgata nahIM hai, kyoMki svAbhAvika zakti hone para Izvara ko jagat kI utpattisthiti-saMhAra yugapad kara dene caahie|127 jaisA ki kahA hai- "sargasthityupasaMhArAn yugapad vyktshktitH| yugapacca jagat kuryAt no cet so'vyktshktikH|| 128 yadi Izvara meM zakti abhivyakta hai to use sarga-sthiti aura saMhAra eka sAtha kara dene cAhie tathA jagat kI racanA bhI eka sAtha kara denI caahie| yadi vaha aisA nahIM karatA hai to samajhanA cAhie ki usakI zakti vyakta nahIM huI hai| abhivyakta zakti vAlA Izvara krama se bhI sRSTi racanA kare to ucita nahIM hai| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki bhagavAna kI pravRtti krIr3A Adi ke lie nahIM hotI, kintu pRthvI Adi mahAbhUtoM kI pravRtti jisa prakAra apane kAryoM meM svabhAvata: hotI hai isI prakAra Izvara kI bhI hotI hai to yaha bhI mAnyatA ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki isa prakAra to Izvara ke vyApAra mAtra se hone vAle

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492 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa samasta padArtha eka sAtha ho jaayeNge| kyoMki usameM pUrNa kAraNa vidyamAna hai| yadi isameM sahakArI kAraNa kI apekSA rahatI hai to nitya Izvara meM sahakArI kAraNa kI apekSA saMgata nahIM hai|129 prabhAcandrAcArya dvArA IzvaravAda kA khaNDana prabhAcandrAcArya(11vIM zatI) ne 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa' ke antargata IzvaravAda kA pUrvapakSa rakhakara usake tarkoM ko apane buddhibala se khaNDita kara nimna prakAra prastuta kiyA hai IzvaravAdI kA mata- nyAya aura vaizeSika darzana ke anusAra sarvajJa koM kA nAza karake nahIM banatA, apitu eka anAdi mahezvara hai vahI sarvajJa hai| usakI sarvajJatA jagat kI racanA se siddha hotI hai- "kSityAdikaM buddhimaddhetukaM kAryatvAt, yatkArya tadbuddhimaddhetukaM dRSTam yathA ghaTAdi, kArya cedaM kSityAdikam, tasmAdabuddhimaddhetukam / 13deg pRthvI, parvata, vRkSAdi sabhI padArtha kisI buddhimAna ke dvArA nirmita hai, kyoMki ve kArya haiM, jaise ghaTAdi kArya haiN| pRthvI Adi hamezA se rahate haiM to usakA nirmAtA bhI hamezA se rahanA caahie| isa anumAna se anAdi Izvara kI siddhi hotI hai| jainAdi yaha zaMkA kare ki kartA sazarIrI hai vaise hI Izvara honA cAhie, to yaha ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki kArya karane ke lie zarIra kI jarUrata nahIM hotI, apitu jJAna, icchA aura prayatna kI jarUrata hotI hai|139 prabhAcandra dvArA nirasana- jJAna, cikIrSA aura prayatna-AdhAratA, ye tIna prakAra kI kartRtA hai| isa kartRtva ke lie zarIra honA yA nahIM honA jarUrI nahIM hai, ApakA yaha kathana ayukta hai| kyoMki zarIra ke abhAva meM kartRtva kA AdhAra honA asaMbhava hai, jaise muktAtmA meM zarIra nahIM hone se kartRtvAdhAra nahIM hai| kAryoM kI utpatti meM AtmA samavAyI kAraNa hai, AtmA aura mana kA saMyoga honA asamavAyI kAraNa hai aura zarIrAdika nimitta kAraNa hai| ina tIna kAraNoM ke abhAva meM kArya kI utpatti nahIM hotI aisA Apa svayaM mAnate haiN| ataH ApakA mata svavacanoM se hI khaNDita hotA hai|132 IzvaravAdI- pRthvI Adi se utpanna hone vAle sthAvara Adi kA kartA Izvara hai| taba jaina zaMkA karate haiM ki isa buddhimAna kartA kI anupalabdhi abhAva ke kAraNa nahIM ho rahI hai yA sadbhAva hote hue bhI anupalabdhi lakSaNa vAlA hone se nahIM ho rahI hai| isa prakAra saMdeha hone se kAryatva hetu saMdigdha vipakSa vyAvRtti vAlA hokara asiddha ho jAtA hai|32 IzvaravAdI kahate haiM ki yaha vicAra asaMgata hai, kyoMki isa taraha sabhI

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 493 anumAna samApta ho jaayeNge| jahA~ para agni ke adarzana meM dhUma dikhatA hai, vahA~ zaMkA hogI ki yahA~ abhAva hone se agni nahIM dikhAyI detI hai athavA anupalabdhi lakSaNa vAlI hone se nahIM dikhatI hai| isa taraha dhUma hetu bhI saMdigdha vyatirekI hone se sAdhya kA gamaka nahIM ho skegaa| kinta jisa sAmagrI se dhUma utpanna hotA huA rasoI meM dekhA thA vaha apanI sAmagrI kA ullaMghana nahIM kara sakatA hai aisA samajhakara jahA~ parvata para agni nahIM dikhatI hai vahA~ bhI usakA nizcaya ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra jo kArya hotA hai vaha kartA, karaNa Adi pUrvaka hotA hai, aisA anumAna satya hai| isa hetu meM atiprasaMga nahIM hai| 34 prabhAcandra- dhUmAdi sabhI hetuoM ko saMdigdhAnaikAntika mAnanA ajJAnatA hai| kyoMki sAmAnya kArya to sAmAnya kAraNa ke sAtha hI avinAbhAvI huA karatA hai, jaise sAmAnya dhUma sAmAnya agni kA avinAbhAvI hotA hai| jo ghaTAdi vizeSa kArya hotA hai usakA vizeSa kAraNa ke sAtha avinAbhAva nizcita hotA hai, jaise caMdana saMbaMdhI vizeSa dhUma kA vizeSa agni ke sAtha avinAbhAva nizcita hotA hai| isa prakAra sAmAnya kArya sAmAnya kAraNa kA aura vizeSa kArya vizeSa kAraNa kA anumApaka hotA hai, aisA siddhAnta nizcita hotA hai|135 isake bAvajUda bhI sAmAnya kArya ko vizeSa kAraNa kA anumApaka mAnA jAyegA to mahAnasAdi meM vizeSa dhUma tAtkAlika agni kA avinAbhAvI hotA huA jAnakara bhI usI samaya gopAla ghaTikAdi meM sAmAnya dhUma se usa agni kA anumAna hone lgegaa| IzvaravAdI- adRSTa cetana se adhiSThita hokara kArya meM pravRtta hotA hai kyoMki vaha vivekazUnya acetana hai, jaise taMtu Adi pdaarth|136 vArtikakAra ne bhI Izvarasiddhi ke lie do pramANa upasthita kie hai1. mahAbhUta Adi kArya cetana se adhiSThita hokara prANiyoM ke sukha-duHkha kA nimitta banatA hai, kyoMki vaha rUpAdimAna hai| jaise vAdya cetanAdhiSThita hokara hI bajane kA kArya karatA hai| 2. pRthvI Adi mahAbhUta buddhimAna kAraNa se adhiSThita hokara apane dhAraNa Adi kriyAoM meM pravRtta hote haiM, kyoMki ve anitya haiM, jaise kulhAr3I Adi apane kATane rUpa kriyA meM devadatta se adhiSThita hokara hI pravRtta hotA hai| jo buddhimAna kAraNa hai vahI Izvara hai| ina do pramANoM se Izvara kI siddhi hotI hai|237

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494 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa prabhAcandra- acetana kA cetana se adhiSThita hokara kArya karanA asaMgata hai, kyoMki cetana ko bhI anya cetana kI preraNA kI AvazyakatA rahatI hai| jaise- pAlakI calAne vAloM ko svAmI kI preraNA rahatI hai, ataH mahezvara meM bhI anya preraka kI kalpanA karanI caahie|' isa prakAra mahezvara meM bhI anya cetana adhiSThAyaka kI kalpanA se anavasthA doSa AtA hai| , 138 Izvara adRSTa kI apekSA lekara kAryoM ko karatA hai to usa kArya meM adRSTakRta upakAra bhI rahatA hai| kyoMki anupakAraka kI apekSA nahIM huA karatI hai| yadi adRSTa ke upakAra ko Izvara se bhinna mAnate haiM to donoM kA saMbaMdha nahIM banatA hai aura saMbaMdha kI kalpanA kareM to anavasthA AtI hai| 139 isake atirikta anya tarkoM se bhI jainAcArya prabhAcandra ne IzvaravAdI ke mata kA nirasana kiyA hai sahakArI kI apekSA lekara kAryoM ko utpanna karanA Izvara kA svabhAva hai, IzvaravAdI kA yaha kathana asat hai| kyoMki yadi vaha svabhAva adRSTa Adi sahakArI ke milane ke pahale bhI hai, to AgAmI kAla meM hone vAle jitane kArya hai ve sAre usI samaya ho jaayeNge| kAraNa ki jo jisa samaya jisako utpanna karane meM samartha hotA hai vaha usa samaya usa kArya ko avazya karatA hai, jaise- aMtadazA ko prApta huA bIja aMkura ko utpanna karA detA hai| Izvara meM pahale se hI uttarakAlIna sakala kAryoM ko utpanna karane kI sAmarthya rahatI hai, kyoMki vaha sadA eka sA svabhAva vAlA hai, hai. yadi usa samaya sakala kAryoM ko utpanna nahIM karatA hai to Izvara meM kAryotpatti ke sAmarthya kA abhAva ho jaaegaa| ' 140 IzvaravAdI kahate haiM ki Izvara meM sakala kAryotpatti kI sAmarthya rahatI hai, kintu sahakArI kA abhAva hone se utpanna nahIM karatA hai| 141 yaha bAta asaMgata hai| jo svayaM samartha svabhAva vAlA hai vaha para kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA hai| kyoMki samartha svabhAvI ho aura para kI apekSA bhI rakhane vAlA ho, yaha viruddha bAta hai| 142 yadi ye sahakArI kAraNa Izvara nirmita haiM to vahI eka sAtha kArya karanA rUpa Apatti khar3I haiM aura Izvara ke dvArA nirmita nahIM hai to vahI kAryatva hetu vyabhicArI huA, kyoMki sahakArI to kArya hote hue bhI IzvarakRta nahIM hai| isa prakAra Izvara ke anAdi nidhana siddha nahIM hone se jagat kartRtvarUpa Izvara kI siddhi nahIM hotI hai|

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 495 sAMkhyatattvakaumudI meM IzvaravAda kA khaNDana sAMkhyakArikA kI paMkti 'ityeSa prakRtikRto mahadAdivizeSabhUtaparyantaH' [yaha sarga (sRSTi) prakRti mahata, bhUtAdi se nirmita hai- kA vivecana karate hue kaumudIkAra vAcaspati mizra likhate haiM ki "ArambhaH sargo mahadAdibhUtAntaH prakRtyaiva kRto nezvareNa, na brahmopAdAno nApyakAraNaH / 443 arthAt yaha sRSTi prakRti dvArA kI gaI hai, Izvara dvArA nhiiN| yaha sRSTi brahma-rUpa upAdAna-kAraNa kA pariNAma nahIM hai aura na binA kisI kAraNa ke hI yaha sRSTi huI hai| IzvaravAda ko lakSya kara kaumudIkAra ne jo khaNDana kiyA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai1. yaha sRSTi Izvara dvArA adhiSThita prakRti se nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki jo vyApArahIna (niSkriya) hotA hai vaha kisI kA adhiSThAtA nahIM hotaa| yathA niSkriya baDhaI vasUle Adi kA prayoga kisI kArya meM nahIM kara sktaa| 44 2. jagat kI sRSTi meM aizvaryazIla sRSTikArI Izvara kI koI kAmanA nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki ve AptakAma(jisakI kAmanAeM pUrNa ho cukI hoM) hai|05| 3. sRSTi karane meM Izvara kI koI karuNA nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki sRSTi ke pUrva jIvoM ke indriya, zarIra aura viSayoM kI utpatti na hone se unako duHkha kA bodha nahIM hotA, ata: kisa duHkha ko dUra karane kI icchA Izvara ko hogii| yadi sRSTi ke bAda AvirbhUta jIvoM ko dekhakara karuNA hotI hai- aisA mAnA jAe to 'karuNA se sRSTi hotI hai aura sRSTi hone para karuNA-rUpa manobhAva utpanna hotA hai' isa prakAra kA anyonyAzraya doSa utpanna ho jaaegaa| 4. yadi Izvara karuNA se prerita hokara sRSTi karate haiM to unheM kevala sukhI prANiyoM kI hI sRSTi karanI cAhie, vicitra (bahuvidha sukha-duHkhotpAdaka karmAzaya yukta) prANiyoM kI nhiiN| isake samAdhAna meM yaha kahA jAya ki karma kI vicitratA hone se usake phala bhI vicitra ho jAte haiM, to Izvara ko adhiSThAtA mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? isa prakAra sAMkhya dArzanika vyApArahInatA (niSkriyatA), AptakAmatA aura kAruNyAbhAva ke tarka se IzvaravAdiyoM ke mata ko asaMgata sthApita karate haiN| syAdvAdamaMjarI ke anusAra IzvaravAda kA pratyavasthAna Izvara ke jagatkartRtva meM dUSaNa dete hue AcArya hemacandrasUri (1078 I.zatI) ne anyayogavyavaccheda dvAtriMzikA meM kahA hai

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496 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa kartAsti kazcijjagataH sa caikaH sa sarvagaH sa svavazaH sa nityH| imAH kuhevAkaviDambanAH syusteSAM na yessaamnushaaskstvm||44 he nAtha! jo aprAmANika loga 1. jagat kA koI kartA hai 2. vaha eka hai 3. sarvavyApI hai 4. svataMtra hai aura 5. nitya hai Adi durAgraha se paripUrNa siddhAntoM ko svIkAra karate haiM, unakA tU anuzAstA nahIM ho sktaa| syAdvAdamaMjarI nAmaka TIkA meM malliSeNa sUri (1293 I. zatI) ne hemacandrasUri (1078 I.zatI) ke mantavya kA vistAra se vivecana karate hue IzvaravAda kA khaNDana prastuta kiyA hai| unhoMne khaNDana ke pUrva pUrvapakSa kA bhI prAmANika nirUpaNa kiyA hai| (1) Izvara jagatkartA nahIM pUrvapakSa (nyAya-vaizeSika)- pRthivI, parvata, vRkSa Adi padArtha kisI buddhimAna kartA ke banAye hue haiM; kyoMki ye kArya haiN| jo kArya hote haiM ve saba kisI buddhimAna kartA ke banAye hue hote haiM jaise ghaTa, pRthivI parvata aadi| yaha buddhimAna kartA Izvara hai|149 uttarapakSa (malliSeNa sUri)- 'tadayuktam, vyApteragrahaNAt' ApakA anumAna ayukta hai, kyoMki isa anumAna meM vyApti kA grahaNa nahIM hotaa| prazna upasthita hotA hai ki Izvara ne zarIra dhAraNa karake jagat ko banAyA hai athavA zarIra rahita hokr| yadi Izvara ne zarIra dhAraNa karake jagat ko banAyA hai to vaha zarIra hama logoM kI taraha dRzya thA athavA pizAca kI taraha adRzya? yadi vaha zarIra hamArI taraha dRzya thA, to isameM pratyakSa se bAdhA AtI hai|50 Izvara pizAca Adi ke samAna adRzya zarIra se jagat kI sRSTi karatA hai aura Apa isameM Izvara ke mAhAtmya vizeSa ko kAraNa svIkAra karate ho, yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki Izvara kA mAhAtmya vizeSa siddha hone para usakA adRzya zarIra siddha hogA aura adRzya zarIra siddha hone para mAhAtmyavizeSa siddha hogA jisase itaretarAzraya doSa kA prasaMga bnegaa|51 yadi Izvara ne zarIra rahita hokara jagat ko banAyA hai, aisA mAneMge to Izvara ko azarIrasraSTA mAnane meM dRSTAMta aura dArTAntika viSama ho jAyeMge, kyoMki ghaTAdi nirmAtA ke dRSTAnta zarIra sahita kartA ke hote haiN| 52

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 497 isa kAraNa sazarIra aura azarIra donoM pakSoM meM kAryatva hetu kI sakartRtva sAdhya ke sAtha vyApti siddha nahIM hotii|53 (2) jagat kA nirmANa eka Izvara dvArA saMbhava nahIM pUrvapakSa- yadi bahuta se IzvaroM ko saMsAra kA kartA svIkAra kiyA jAya to eka dUsare kI icchA meM virodha utpanna hone ke kAraNa eka vastu kA anya rUpa meM nirmANa hone se saMsAra meM asamaMjasa utpanna ho jaayegaa| ata: Izvara eka hai|54 uttarapakSa (malliSeNasUri)- yaha kathana ekAnta satya nahIM hai| kyoMki saikar3oM kIr3iyA~ eka hI brAmI ko banAtI haiM, bahuta se zilpI eka hI mahala ko banAte haiM, bahuta sI madhumakkhiyA~ eka hI zahada ke chatte kA nirmANa karatI haiM, phira bhI vastuoM kI ekarUpatA meM koI virodha nahIM aataa| yadi phira bhI Apa bAmI, prAsAda Adi kA kartA Izvara ko hI mAnate ho to isase Izvara ke prati Apa logoM kI nirupama zraddhA hI prakaTa hotI hai| isa taraha to julAhe aura kuMbhakAra Adi ko paTa aura ghaTa Adi kA kartA na mAnakara Izvara ko hI inakA bhI kartA mAna lenA caahiye|55 isa prakAra matibheda ke bhaya se Apake dvArA eka Izvara kI kalpanA karanA vaise hI hai jaise koI kRpaNa puruSa kharca ke bhaya se apane strI-putrAdi ko chor3akara vana meM calA jAtA hai|956 (3) Izvara kI sarvajJatA kA nirasana pUrvapakSa (nyAya vaizeSika) - nyAya-vaizeSika kahate haiM ki yadi Izvara ko niyata pradeza meM hI vyApta mAnA jAya to aniyata sthAnoM ke tInoM lokoM ke samasta padArthoM kI yathArIti utpatti saMbhava na hogii| jaise kumbhakAra eka pradeza meM rahakara niyata pradeza ke ghaTAdika padArtha ko hI banA sakatA hai, vaise hI Izvara bhI niyata pradeza meM rahakara aniyata pradeza ke padArthoM kI racanA nahIM kara sktaa| isalie Izvara sarvavyApI hai| Izvara saba padArthoM ko jAnane vAlA hai, kyoMki yadi Izvara ko sarvajJa na mAneM to yathAyogya upAdAna kAraNoM ke na jAnane ke kAraNa vaha Izvara aNurUpa kAryoM kI utpatti na kara skegaa|157 uttarapakSa (malliSeNa sUri)- Izvara kA sarvagatatva zarIra kI apekSA se hai athavA jJAna kI apekSA se? prathama pakSa meM Izvara kA apanA zarIra hI tInoM lokoM meM vyApta ho jAegA, phira dUsare banAne yogya (nirmeya) padArthoM ke lie koI sthAna hI na rhegaa| Izvara ko jJAna kI apekSA sarvagata mAnane para veda se virodha AtA hai| veda meM

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498 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa Izvara ko zarIra kI apekSA se sarvavyApI kahA hai| zruti bhI hai- "vizvatazcakSuruta vizvato mukho vizvataH pANiruta vizvataH papAt" Izvara sarvatra netroM kA, mukha kA, hAthoM kA aura pairoM kA dhAraka hai|58 (4) Izvara jagatsarjana meM svatantra bhI nahIM pUrvapakSa (nyAya vaizeSika)- Izvara svataMtra (svavaza) hai, kyoMki vaha apanI icchA se hI sampUrNa prANiyoM ko sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karAne meM samartha hai|59 kahA bhI hai Izvaraprerito gacchet svarga vA zvabhrameva vaa| anyo janturanIzo'yamAtmanaH sukhduHkhaayoH|| Izvara dvArA prerita kiyA huA jIva svarga aura naraka meM jAtA hai| Izvara kI sahAyatA ke binA koI apane sukha-duHkha utpanna karane meM svataMtra nahIM hai| Izvara ko paratantra svIkAra karane meM usake paramukhApekSI hone se, mukhya kartRtva ko bAdhA pahu~cegI jisase ki usakA Izvaratva hI naSTa ho jaaegaa|260 uttarapakSa (malliSeNasUri)- yadi Izvara svAdhIna hokara jagat ko racatA hai aura vaha parama dayAlu hai, to vaha sarvathA sukha-sampadAoM se paripUrNa jagat ko na banAkara sukha-duHkha rUpa jagat kA kyoM sarjana karatA hai? yadi koI kahe ki jIvoM ke janmAntara meM upArjana kiye hue zubha-azubha karmoM se prerita Izvara jagat ko banAtA hai, to phira Izvara ke svAdhInatva kA hI lopa ho jAtA hai| ataeva Izvara anIzvara (asamartha) hai, svataMtra nhiiN|161 . "tadevamevaMvidhadoSakaluSite puruSavizeSe yasteSAM sevAhevAkaH sa khalu kevalaM bAlavanmohaviDambanAparipAka iti'162 isa prakAra aneka doSoM se dUSita puruSavizeSa Izvara ko jagat ke kartA mAnane kA Agraha kevala balavAna moha kI viDambanA kA hI phala hai| isa prakAra jainAcArya zIlAMka, abhayadevasUri, prabhAcandra evaM malliSeNasUri ke dvArA IzvaravAda ke khaNDana meM pradatta tarka mahattvapUrNa hai| jainadarzana kI mAnyatA hai ki Izvara jagat kA racayitA nahIM hai vaha jIvoM ko zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala bhI pradAna nahIM karatA hai| sAMkhyatattvakaumudIkAra vAcaspatimizra ne bhI Izvara kI mAnyatA kA nirasana

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 499 kiyA hai| yahA~ para yaha ullekhanIya hai ki udayana ne nyAyakusumAMjali meM Izvara kI siddhi meM jo tarka die haiM, unake nirasana karane meM jaina dArzanika sakSama rahe haiN| puruSakAra (puruSArthaddha ) jaina darzana meM puruSakAra (puruSArtha ) kA mahattva jainadarzana zramaNa saMskRti kA pratinidhi darzana hai| 'zramaNa' zabda meM zrama yA puruSArtha kI mahattA antarnihita hai| mokSa kI prApti meM puruSakAra yA puruSArtha kA mahattva pade pade sthApita hai| siddhasenasUri (5vIM zatI) ke sanmatitarka meM jina pA~ca kAraNoM ke samavAya kA ullekha hai, unameM 'purise' ko bhI eka kAraNa pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| SaSTha adhyAya ke pUrvArddha meM 'purise' zabda se puruSavAda artha grahaNa karake parama puruSa, brahma aura Izvara kI kAraNatA para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| prAcIna vAGmaya meM kahIM puruSa ko hI samasta jagat kA kAraNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, to kahIM use brahma kA svarUpa diyA gayA hai| kahIM Izvara ko sRSTi kartA ke rUpa meM siddha kiyA gayA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra na brahmavAda ucita hai na puruSavAda ucita hai aura na hI IzvaravAda / isIlie jaina dArzanikoM ne ina tInoM kA nirasana karake puruSakAra yA puruSArtha ko mahattva diyA hai| mahAn jaina dArzanika haribhadrasUri ( 700 - 770 I. zatI) ne isIlie 'purise' zabda ke sthAna para 'purisa kiriyAo' pada kA prayoga kiyA hai| isakA tAtparya hai ki puruSa arthAt AtmA yA jIva kI kriyAe~ yA kArya hI jainadarzana ke kAraNavAda ke saMdarbha meM abhISTa haiN| upAsakadazAMga sUtra meM puruSa kI ina kriyAoM ko utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya Adi zabdoM se abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai| niyativAda kA khaNDana karate hue bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kumbhakAra zakaDAla ke samakSa spaSTa rUpa se utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya svarUpa puruSArtha kA mahattva spaSTa kiyA hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra meM bhI inakA ullekha huA hai| vahA~ inakA svarUpa batAte hue kahA gayA hai- 'uTThANe kamme bale vIrie purisakkAraparakkame, taM ceva jAva aphAse pannatte 163 arthAt utthAna karma, bala, vIrya, puruSakAra, parAkrama- ye saba jIva ke upayoga vizeSa haiM arthAt amUrta hone se varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza se rahita haiN| jainAgamoM meM utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya, puruSakAra aura parAkrama zabdoM kA prayoga anekazaH huA hai| jo sabhI jIva ke puruSArtha ke pratIka hai / utthAna Adi kA kramaza: svarUpa nimnAnusAra hai

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500 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa utthAna- Atma-pauruSa kI udyatatA evaM ttprtaa| karma- Atma-pauruSa ke sAtha kI jAne vAlI kriyaa| bala- kriyA meM Atma-zakti kA prayoga vIrya- Atmazakti kA preraka rUpa jo sAmarthya kA anubhava karatA hai| puruSakAra/parAkrama- prayatnapUrvaka AtmapauruSa kA prayoga vIryAntarAya karma ke kSayopazama se jIva meM Atmazakti kA anubhava hotA hai, jo utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya, puruSArtha, parAkrama Adi ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotA hai| jaina darzana Atma-svAtantryavAdI darzana hai| isameM pratyeka AtmA ko apane duHkha-sukha kA kartA aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jainadarzana ke karmasiddhAnta kI avadhAraNA hai ki AtmA svayaM apane kRta karmoM kA phala prApta karatA hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra meM kahA bhI gayA hai- attakaDe duHkhe no parakaDe arthAt duHkha AtmAkRta hai, parakRta nhiiN| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA gayA hai- 'appA kattA vikattA ya duhANa ya suhANa ya 65 arthAt AtmA hI apane duHkha-sukha kA kartA aura vikartA hai| jainadarzana meM jIva ke karmoM kA phala-pradAtA Izvara ko nahIM mAnA gyaa| isameM karmoM kI hI svacAlita vyavasthA aMgIkAra kI gaI hai, jo yathA samaya udaya meM Akara jIva ko phala pradAna karate haiN| arihaMta paramAtmA ko to jaina darzana svIkAra karatA hai jo rAga-dveSa se pUrNataH rahita hotA hai| aise paramAtmA ko sarvajJa avazya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, kintu use na to jagat kA sraSTA mAnA gayA hai aura na hI jIvoM ke karma phala kA niyntaa| .. AcArAMga sUtra meM 'se AyAvAdI loyAvAdI kammAvAdI kiriyAvAdI 166 sadRza vAkya bhI iMgita karate haiM ki jo AtmavAdI hai, vaha lokavAdI hai, karmavAdI hai aura kriyAvAdI hai| jainadarzana meM saba jIvoM kI Atma ko pRthakpRthaka aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai tathA unameM svayaM meM mukta hone kA sAmarthya batAyA gayA hai| pratyeka saMsArI AtmA AtmakRta pauruSa ke dvArA aSTa kamoM ke baMdhana se sadA-sadA ke lie mukta ho sakatA hai| yaha jaina darzana kA adbhuta siddhAnta hai| sukha-duHkha yA karmoM ko AtmakRta mAnane ke kAraNa jaina darzana meM puruSArtha, parAkrama yA puruSakAra kA atyanta mahattva hai| isa dRSTi se jainadarzana ko puruSArthavAdI darzana bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| puruSa mithyAtvI hai yA samyaktvI, dezavirata hai yA sarvavirata, pApAcaraNa meM saMlagna hai yA dharmAcaraNa meM ityAdi avasthAoM ke AdhAra para hI puruSa yA jIva kI AtmadazA kA

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 501 vikAsa yA patana hotA hai| isIlie bhagavAna mahAvIra kahate haiM- 'uTThie no pamAyae 67 arthAt uTho pramAda mata kro| jainadarzana ke anusAra jaba taka jIva yA AtmA svayaM ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa meM parAkrama nahIM karatA taba taka vaha baMdhana se mukta nahIM ho sktaa| bhAratIya saMskRti meM puruSArtha- catuSTaya bhAratIya saMskRti meM trivarga evaM puruSArtha catuSTaya kI carcA milatI hai| puruSArtha ke trivarga aura caturvarga kA pratipAdana amarakoza ke nimna zlokAMza se hotA hai- "trivargo dharmakAmarthaiH caturvargaH samokSakai: '168 dharma, artha evaM kAma ko trivarga evaM mokSa sahita trivarga ko caturvarga kahA gayA hai| yaha caturvarga puruSArtha catuSTaya ke nAma se adhika prasiddha hai| agnipurANa meM kahA hai ____dharmArthakAmamokSAzca puruSArthA udAhRtA:169 arthAt dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa puruSArtha kahe gae haiN| bhAratIya vicAradhArA meM puruSa kI utpatti ke sAtha hI svayaM brahmA ne puruSArtha kI vyavasthA kI hai| prArambha meM trivarga kI hI vyavasthA thii| kAlAntara meM mokSa ko bhI puruSArtha catuSTaya meM sthAna diyA gyaa| dharma-puruSArtha maharSi kaNAda ne dharma puruSArtha ko mokSa meM sahAyaka mAnate hue kahA'yato'bhyudaya-niHzreyasasiddhiH sa dharma: 17deg arthAt dharma vahI hai jisase abhyudaya evaM niHzreyasa kI siddhi ho| Rgveda meM dharma Rta ke artha meM prakAzita huA hai| chAndogyopaniSada meM 'dharma' zabda AzramoM ke kartavyoM kI ora saMketa karatA hai| smRtiyoM meM 'dharma' ko varNa-dharma ke antargata samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai| dharma kI kucha anya paribhASAe~ dI haiM, yathA- 'ahiMsA paramo dharma: 172 'AnRzaMsyaM paro dharma: 473 'AcAraH paramo dhrmH'|274 Rgveda meM Rtu ke zAzvata niyama ke rUpa meM dharma kA svarUpa vyApaka thaa| dharma meM prAkRtika, pAramArthika, sAmAjika, vaiyaktika sabhI pakSoM kA sundara samAveza hai| dharma mAnava se saMbaMdhita hai| ataH mAnava ke sabhI pakSa dharma se sambaddha haiN| bhAratIya vicAradhArA meM dharma sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai| Rta kI avasthA meM dharma sAdhya hai| dhIre-dhIre dharma kA sAdhana rUpa vikasita huaa| yaha artha, kAma aura mokSa kA sAdhana kahalAne lgaa| dharma-puruSArtha mokSa kI dizA meM Age bar3hane kI sIr3hI hai|

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502 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa artha-puruSArtha jIvana meM artha ke mahattva ke kAraNa hI artha ko puruSArtha ke rUpa meM aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai| nArada-smRti meM kahA hai 'arthamUlA: kriyA sarvA yatnastasyArjane ytH| 175 manuSyoM kI sArI kriyAe~ hI arthamUlaka haiM, ataeva usake upArjana meM manuSya ko mahAn prayatna karanA caahie| mahAbhArata meM kahA hai artha ityeva sarveSAM karmaNAmavyatikramaH, na hyete'rthena vartete dharmakAmAviti shrutiH| arthasyAvayavAvetau dharmakAmAviti zrutiH, arthasiddhyA vinirvRttAvubhAve tau bhvissytH||176 artha hI samasta karmoM kI maryAdA ke pAlana meM sahAyaka hai| artha ke binA dharma aura kAma bhI siddha nahIM hote| zrati kA kathana hai ki dharma aura kAma artha ke hI do avayava haiN| artha kI siddhi se una donoM kI bhI siddhi ho sakatI hai| kAma-puruSArtha kAma tRtIya mahattvapUrNa puruSArtha hai| kAma kA artha hai icchA, tRSNA, eSaNA aadi| kahA bhI gayA hai- 'kAmyate iti kAmaH' arthAt viSaya evaM pA~coM indriyoM se utpanna hone vAlA zArIrika aura mAnasika sukha mukhyataH kAma kahalAtA hai| zarIra aura mana ke stara taka hI nahIM AtmA ke stara taka kAma kA vistAra hai| jJAna kI icchA, mokSa kI kAmanA, prema karane kI bhAvanA ye sabhI kAma ke aMgabhUta haiN| Rgveda ke anusAra kAma kI utpatti sRSTi kI icchA ke rUpa meM huI hai|977 gItA ke anusAra mAnava kA svabhAva sattva, raja aura tama ina tIna guNoM se nirdhArita hotA hai| isa AdhAra para kAma kI tIna avasthAe~ haiM1. zArIrika kAma- indriya se utpanna icchAe~ zArIrika kAma haiN| yaha tamoguNa kI sthiti hai| ise sthUla yA laukike kAma kI avasthA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha kSaNika sukha kI avasthA hai|

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 503 2. sAMvegika kAma mana ke saMvega rUpa kAma kI sthiti sAMvegika kAma kahalAtA hai| isameM rajoguNa kI adhikatA va sattva guNa kA samAveza hotA hai| yaha mAnasika sukha kI avasthA hai| 3. AdhyAtmika va naitika kAma- isameM mAnava AtmasAkSAtkAra ko jIvana kA lakSya banAtA hai| isameM kevala sattva guNa hI zeSa rahatA hai| isa avasthA meM kisI anya vastu kI kAmanA nahIM rahatI hai| niSkAma bhAva ke kAraNa yaha brahma rUpa kAma kI sthiti hai| kAma ke antargata vyakti ke abhyudaya evaM niHzreyasa ke lie tInoM avasthAoM kI sthiti Avazyaka hai| mokSa - puruSArtha 'trivargasya nivRttirmokSa ucyate' arthAt trivarga kI nivRtti hI mokSa hai| yahI caturtha puruSArtha hai / zAzvata Ananda kI avasthA hI mokSa hai| apUrNatA se pUrNatA aura abhAva se svabhAva kI ora jAnA mokSa hai| mokSa kI sAdhanA mAnava kI zakti va kSamatA kA prayogAtmaka rUpa hai| mokSa prApti hetu mAnava ajJAna va bandhana ko dUra kara zArIrika va mAnasika zuddhi ke dvArA AtmA ke mUla svarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai| bandhana se niSkRti mokSa hai| brahmabindUpaniSad meM kahA hai- 'baMdhAya viSayAsaktaM muktyai nirviSayaM smRtam - 179 arthAt viSayAsakta mana bandha kA kAraNa hai aura nirviSaya mana mukti kA kAraNa hai| gItA meM mokSa ke amRtatva anubhava ke saMbaMdha meM kahA hai'janmamRtyujarAduHkhai - rvimukto'mRtamaznute 10 jIva janma, mRtyu, jarA ke duHkhoM se mukta hokara amRtarUpa AtmA kA anubhava karatA hai| jisa pada ko pAkara vyakti AdhyAtmika, Adhidaivika va Adhibhautika duHkha - baMdhanoM se mukta ho jAtA hai, use mokSa kahate haiN| jaina darzana meM dharma-puruSArtha kI pramukhatA jainadarzana meM uttarakAlIna sAhitya meM puruSArtha-catuSTaya kI carcA milatI hai / 181 kintu jainAgamoM meM mukhyataH dharma evaM mokSa puruSArtha ko hI mukhya pratipAdya mAnA jA sakatA hai| artha aura kAma kA upadeza jainAgama nahIM krte| unameM dharma aura mokSa kI hI preraNA prApta hotI hai| artha aura kAma para jaina darzana ke anusAra dharma kA niyantraNa Avazyaka hai| mokSa sAdhya hai aura dharma sAdhana hai| dharma kI sAdhanA se hI mokSa

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504 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa kI prApti saMbhava hai, isa dRSTi se jaina darzana ke anusAra jIva ke dvArA AcaraNIya puruSArthoM meM dharma puruSArtha hI pradhAna puruSArtha hai| isalie isa adhyAya meM puruSArtha yA puruSakAra ke rUpa meM jo bhI carcA kI jAyegI, usameM dharma puruSArtha kI carcA hI mukhya rhegii| yadyapi artha aura kAma bhI jaina darzana ke anusAra utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya, puruSakAra, parAkrama svarUpa puruSArtha kI apekSA rakhate haiN| tathApi unameM kiyA gayA utthAna, karma, bala-vIrya bhagavAna mahAvIra kA upadezaTavya nahIM hai| isalie prasaMgataH kahIM artha aura kAma-puruSArtha ke rUpa meM puruSakAra kI yat-kiMcit carcA bhale hI A jAe, kintu mokSa kI prApti meM unake sahayogI na hone ke kAraNa jaina darzana meM dharmapuruSArtha kA hI vizeSa mahattva hai| kyoMki dharma hI mokSa meM sahAyaka hai| jaina sAdhanA-paddhati meM puruSArtha jainasAdhanA paddhati meM samyak darzana aura samyak jJAna ke sAtha samyak cAritra aura samyaka tapa kA vizeSa mahattva hai| yahA~ samyaka darzana kI prApti ke lie bhI puruSArtha apekSita hai to samyak cAritra aura samyak tapa to dharma puruSArtha ke hI pratIka haiN| paMca mahAvratoM kA pAlana, pA~ca samiti aura tIna gupti svarUpa aSTapravacana mAtA kA ArAdhana tathA jIvana paryanta tIna karaNa-tIna yoga se sAmAyika kI sAdhanA dharma-puruSArtha kA utkRSTa rUpa hai| sAdhuoM ke AcAra pakSa ko leM to vaha pUrNa rUpa se dharma puruSArtha ko pratibimbita karatA hai| jaina sAdhu-sAdhvI vAhanoM kA upayoga nahIM karate, padayAtrA karate haiN| svAdhyAya aura dhyAna hI unakI dinacaryA ke pramukha aMga haiN| AhAra Adi kI gaveSaNA ve zarIrayAtrA ke lie evaM saMyama pAlana meM sukaratA ke lie karate haiN| AhAra kI gaveSaNA ke bhI vividha niyama haiM, jinakA pAlana karake nirdoSa AhAra grahaNa karanA hotA hai| pratyeka kriyA meM unakA viveka jAgRta rahanA Avazyaka mAnA jAtA hai| kisa prakAra bolanA, kisa prakAra vastuoM ko uThAnA aura rakhanA tathA zaucAdi ke lie kisa prakAra niyamoM kA pAlana karanA, sabakA sAdhvAcAra meM pratipAdana huA hai| jIvoM meM bhavyatva rUpI yogyatA bhI binA sAdhanA ke phalita nahIM hotii| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhavyatva svabhAva vAle jIvoM ko bhI puruSArtha ke binA na samyaktva kI prApti hotI hai aura na hI kevalajJAna Adi kii| saMyama meM parAkrama kA upadeza uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM cAra durlabha aMga catuSTaya kA varNana prApta hotA hai cattAri paramaMgANi dullahANIha jntunno| mANusattaM suI saddhA saMjamaMmi ya viiriyN||282

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 505 1. manuSyatva 2. dharma-zravaNa 3. dharma-zraddhAna 4. saMyama meM parAkrama- ye cAroM jIva ko durlabhatA se prApta hote haiN| isI adhyayana meM durlabha catuSTaya meM bhI saMyama meM parAkrama ko sabase duSkara pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai|83 jisase saMyama meM parAkrama kA mahattva jaina draSTi se sarvathA spaSTa ho jAtA hai| saMyama meM parAkrama kA phala anAsrava ke rUpa meM jIva ko prApta hotA hai|84 saMyama ke sthAnAMga sUtra meM cAra prakAra pratipAdita hue haiM- mana saMyama, vacana saMyama, kAya saMyama aura upakaraNa sNym|85 isI prakAra tyAga ke bhI cAra prakAra kahe gae haiM- mana tyAga, vacana tyAga, kAya tyAga aura upakaraNa tyaag|86 saMyama aura tyAga ke ye prakAra puruSArtha kI vyApakatA ko nirUpita kara rahe haiN| pratyeka stara para saMyama evaM tyAga ho, isake lie bhagavAna ne aneka sthAna para parAkrama kA upadeza dete hue kahA hai* "purisA! paramacakkhU! viprikkm|' parigraha tyAga ke pariprekSya meM kahA hai- he paramacakSuSamAn puruSa! tU parAkrama kr| "tamhA avimaNe vIre sArae samie sahite sadA jate' muni sadA avimanA, prasannamanA, svArata, samita sahita, vIra hokara saMyamana kre| 'jANittu dukkhaM patteyaM sAtaM......jAva sota paNNANA aparihINA jAva NettapaNNANA aparihINA jAva ghANapaNNANA aparihINA jAva jIhapaNNANA aparihINA jAva phAsapaNNANA aparihINA iccetehiM virUvarUvehiM paNNANehiM aparihINehiM AyaTuM sammaM samaNuvAsejjAsi tti bemi| 1989 pratyeka prANI kA sukha aura duHkha apanA-apanA hai, isalie jaba zrotrendriya, cakSurindriya, ghrANendriya, rasanendriya aura sparzanendriya kI prajJAna zakti hIna nahIM huI hai taba taka Atmahita ke lie samyak prakAra se prayatna karanA caahie| "aNusAsaNameva pakkame, vIrehiM sammaM pavediyaM 190 jinezvara ke dvArA nirUpita anuzAsana meM parAkrama kro| 'bujijhajja tiuTTejjA, baMdhaNaM parijANiyA' 91 bandhana ko jAnakara, baMdhana ko todd'o|

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506 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa "viratA samuTThitA kAsavassa aNudhammacAriNo'192 kAzyapa gotrIya bhagavAna mahAvIra kA dharmAnuyAyI sAdhaka virata tathA saMyama meM samutthita hotA hai| isa prakAra AgamoM meM pade-pade parAkrama para bala diyA gayA hai| puruSakAra : jIva kA lakSaNa uttarAdhyayana meM jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa aura upayoga ke sAtha vIrya yAnI parAkrama ko bhI jIva kA lakSaNa batAyA gayA hai|93 vyAkhyAprajJapti meM yahA~ taka kahA hai ki utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya aura puruSakAra-parAkrama Adi dharma AtmA ke sivAya anyatra pariNamana nahIM krte| kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki puruSakAra karane meM mAtra jIva hI samartha haiN| jIva apane AtmabhAva kI abhivyakti puruSakAra ke mAdhyama se hI karatA hai|195 abhivyakti hI nahIM jIva zabda, rUpa, gandha, rasa, sparza, gati, sthiti, lAvaNya, yaza:kIrti ke sAtha utthAna, karma, bala, puruSakAra parAkrama kA anubhava bhI karatA hai|196 ___ jIva ke lakSaNa ke atirikta puruSArtha ke svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM bhI Agama meM carcA prApta hotI hai| gaNadhara gautama dvArA puruSakAra ke svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM prazna karane para bhagavAna mahAvIra pharamAte haiM- 'uTThANe kamme bale vIrie purisakkAraparakkame, taM ceva jAva aphAse pannatte 197 utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya, puruSakAra-parAkrama sabhI jIva ke upayoga vizeSa haiM, isa kAraNa amUrta hone se varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza se rahita haiN| cAritra dharma : puruSArtha kA dyotaka ___ sthAnAMga sUtra meM zrutadharma aura cAritra dharma ke rUpa meM do prakAra ke dharma pratipAdita hue haiM- 'duvihe dhamme paNNatte taMjahA- suyadhamme ceva, caritta dhamme ceva 18 zruta dharma jJAna kA tathA cAritra dharma AcaraNa kA dyotaka hai| yaha cAritra dharma puruSArtha yA puruSakAra ko hI khyApita karatA hai| cAritra dharma kI satpreraNA dete hue uttarAdhyayana meM kahA hai kiriyaM ca royae dhIre, akIriyaM privjje| . diTThIe didvi-saMpanne, dhamma cara suduccrN||119

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 507 kriyA yAnI sadAcaraNa meM ruci rakho aura akriyA kA tyAga kro| samyak dRSTi pUrvaka duzcara dharma kA AcaraNa kro| parISaha-jaya meM puruSArtha jaina dharma meM parISahoM ko sahane kA jo upadeza diyA gayA hai, usameM bhI sAdhaka ke puruSArtha kA hI pakSa prakaTa hotA hai| sAdhu ke lie 22 parISaha batAe haiN| jinameM kucha anukUla parISaha haiM tathA kucha prtikuul| donoM hI prakAra ke parISaha sAdhaka ko sAdhanA se DigA sakate haiN| kintu jo ina parISahoM ke upasthita hone para samabhAva pUrvaka Atma pauruSa (puruSArtha) kA prayoga karatA hai|20deg vaha pUrvabaddha karmoM kI tIvratA se nirjarA karatA hai| deva, manuSya aura tithaMca ke dvArA upasarga die jAne para bhI sAdhu samatva bhAvoM kA tyAga nahIM karatA hai to vaha nirantara mokSa mArga meM parAkrama karatA hai|201 vIrya ke rUpa meM puruSArtha nirUpaNa pratyeka jIva meM puruSArtha parAkrama kA vAcaka vIrya hotA hai| bhagavAna se prazna kiyA gayA ki he bhagavana! jIva savIrya hai yA avIrya? bhagavAna ne uttara diyA- jIva savIrya bhI hai aura avIrya bhii| jina jIvoM meM utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya aura puruSaparAkrama haiM ve jIva labdhi-vIrya aura karaNa vIrya donoM se savIrya haiN| jo jIva utthAna, bala, vIrya, parAkrama se rahita haiM ve labdhi vIrya se savIrya haiM, kintu karaNa vIrya se avIrya haiN|02 labdhi kA artha hai yogyatA arthAt unameM vIrya yA puruSArtha karane kI yogyatA to hai, kintu puruSArtha karate nahIM hai isalie ve labdhivIrya kahalAte haiM tathA karaNa kA artha hai-vyaapaar| arthAt jo jIva vIrya yA puruSArtha kA prayoga karate haiM ve karaNa vIrya kahalAte haiN| jo jisa apekSA se vIryavAn hai, use usI apekSA se bhagavAna ne savIrya yA avIrya kahA hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke prathama zrutaskandha ke AThaveM 'vIrya' adhyayana meM bAla-vIrya aura paNDita-vIrya kA vivecana hai| pramAda yukta karma ko bAla vIrya tathA apramAdayukta akarma athavA saMyama svarUpa parAkrama ko paNDitavIrya kahA hai|03 prANaghAtaka, kaSAya aura rAga-dveSa ko baDhAne vAle, pApajanya jitane bhI parAkrama haiM, ve sabhI sakarmavIrya yA bAlavIrya haiN| akarma vIrya meM adhyAtma bala (dharmadhyAna Adi) se samasta pApapravRttiyoM, mana aura indriyoM ko, duSTa adhyavasAyoM tathA bhASA ke doSoM ko rokane kI pravRttiyA~ samAhita haiN| ___ niyuktikAra vIrya ko dravya aura bhAva rUpa se do prakAra kA batalAte haiN| sUtrakRtAMga ke 'vIrya' adhyayana meM bhAva vIrya kA nirUpaNa hai| manovIrya, vAgvIrya,

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508 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa kAyavIrya, indriyavIrya aura AdhyAtmika vIrya ke bheda se bhAva vIrya pA~ca prakAra kA hai| jIva apanI yoga zakti dvArA pudgaloM ko mana, vacana, kAya aura indriya ke rUpa meM pariNata karatA hai to ve kramazaH manovIrya, vAgvIrya, kAyavIrya evaM indriyavIrya kahalAte haiN| AdhyAtmika vIrya AtmA kI Antarika zakti se utpanna sAttvika bala hai| ise niyuktikAra dasa prakAra kA batalAte haiM- 1. udyama (jJAnopArjana, tapazcaraNa Adi meM Antarika utsAha) 2. dhRti (saMyama aura citta meM sthairya) 3. dhIratva (parISahoM aura upasagoM ke samaya avicalatA) 4. zauNDIrya (tyAga kI utsAhapUrvaka ucca koTi kI bhAvanA) 5. kSamAbala 6. gAmbhIrya (adbhuta sAhasika yA cAmatkArika kArya karake bhI ahaMkAra na AnA) 7. upayoga bala 8. yoga bala 9. tapobala 10. saMyama meM parAkrama (17 prakAra ke saMyama ke pAlana meM tathA apane saMyama ko nirdoSa rakhane meM parAkrama krnaa|) . bhAva vIrya ke antargata Ane vAle sabhI vIrya tIna koTi ke hote haiM- paNDita vIrya, bAlapaNDita vIrya aura bAla viiry| paNDita vIrya saMyama meM parAkramI sAdhutA sampanna sarvavidita sAdhuoM kA hotA hai, bAlapaNDita vIrya vratadhArI saMyamAsaMyamI dezavirati zrAvaka kA hotA hai ora bAla vIrya asaMyama parAyaNa hiMsA Adi se avirata yA vrata bhaMga karane vAle kA hotA hai| samyaktva parAkrama : uttarAdhyayana kA eka adhyayana uttarAdhyayana sUtra kA 'samyaktva parAkrama'204 adhyayana to isa bAta kA puSTa pramANa hai ki mAnava ko mokSa ke unmukha honA hai to parAkrama karanA hogaa| yaha parAkrama dharma- zraddhA, saMvega-nirveda, guru-zuzrUSA, sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vandanA, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga, pratyAkhyAna, pratilekhanA, prAyazcitta, kSamApanA, svAdhyAya, vAcanA, pratipRcchanA, parAvartanA, anuprekSA, dharmakathA, zruta ArAdhanA, mana kI ekAgratA, saMyama, tapa, pratyAkhyAna, vaiyAvRttya, manogupti, vacanagupti, kAyagupti, indriyanigraha, krodha-vijaya, mAna-vijaya, mAyA-vijaya, lobha-vijaya Adi sAdhanAoM ke rUpa meM karaNIya hai| isa adhyayana meM sAdhanA ke ina vividha pahaluoM kA lAbha bhI batAyA gayA hai, jisase koI bhI sAdhanA meM pravRtta ho sakatA hai| tapa ke rUpa meM puruSArtha jaina darzana meM Atma puruSArtha kA sabase sundara nidarzana tapa sAdhanA hai| pUrvabaddha karmoM kA kSaya karane kA yaha amogha upAya hai| prAya: bhAratIya saMskRti meM yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki karmoM kA phalabhoga kiye binA unase mukti nahIM miltii| kintu jaina darzana

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 509 meM pUrvabaddha karmoM ke yathAkAla udaya se pUrva bhI udIraNA karake kSaya kiyA jA sakatA hai| kucha karmoM kI sthiti ko kama kiyA jA sakatA hai unakI phaladAna zakti ko alpa kiyA jA sakatA hai| tapaH sAdhanA kA isa saMbaMdha meM jaina darzana meM atyanta mahattva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA gayA hai - 'bhavakoDisaMciyaM kammaM, tavasA nijjarijjaI / 1105 arthAt karor3oM bhavoM meM saMcita karmoM ko tapa ke dvArA nirjarita kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha puruSArtha jIva kI ananta zakti ko jAgRta karane meM samartha hai| puruSArtha se hI koI kevalajJAnI bana sakatA hai aura aSTa karmoM se rahita hokara siddha-buddha - mukta bana sakatA hai| parAkrama kA eka rUpa : apramattatA AgamoM meM pade-pade jIva ko pramAda rahita hone kA hI upadeza diyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke dasaveM adhyayana meM bhagavAn ne apane pramukha ziSya gaNadhara gautama ko bAra-bAra kahA - 'samayaM goyama! mA pamAyae' arthAt he gautama! samaya mAtra kA bhI pramAda mata kro| yaha saMdeza isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki jIva ko sadaiva sajaga rahakara karma-kSaya ke lie udyata rahanA cAhie / jIvana kSaNabhaMgura hai ataH usakA upayoga pUrvabaddha karmoM ke kSaya meM karanA hI medhAvI puruSa kA lakSaNa hai| AcArAMga sUtra meM apramatta hokara AtmasAdhanA meM saMlagna rahane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai- 'pamattassa atthi bhayaM, apamattassa natthi bhayaM' arthAt jo pramAda yukta hai usako bhaya hai evaM jo apramatta hai usako kisI prakAra kA bhaya nahIM hai| isI prakAra AcArAMga meM aneka vAkya prApta hote haiM, jo apramattatA rUpa puruSArtha kI preraNA karate haiM * " * * pAsiya Ature pANe appamatto parivva 6 pIr3ita prANiyoM ko dekhakara tU apramAdI hokara gamana kara / vigiMca kohaM avikaMpamANe imaM niruddhAuyaM sapehAe" Ayu sImita hai, isa bAta ko samajhakara tU nizcala rahatA huA krodha ko chor3a / khaNaM jANAhi paMDie" he paMDita ! kSaNa ko jaano| * appamatte sayA parakammejjAsi 09 apramatta hokara sadA ( dharma meM) parAkrama kr|

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510 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa saMvara evaM nirjarA meM puruSArtha kI upayogitA navIna karma kA baMdha na karane meM mAnava kA vartamAna puruSArtha atyanta upayogI hai| vaha cAhe to saMyama kI sAdhanA ke sAtha Asrava ke nirodha rUpa saMvara kA ArAdhana kara sakatA hai| pUrvabaddha karma yathAkAla udaya meM Ate haiN| kintu jo unake udayakAla meM rAga-dveSa se rahita hokara samabhAva kA abhyAsa karatA hai vaha navIna karmoM ke baMdha ko nyUna kara sakatA hai| yahI nahIM pUrvabaddha karmoM ko saMyama aura tapa kI sAdhanA ke dvArA nirjarita bhI kara sakatA hai| saMvara aura nirjarA kI sAdhanA mokSa kI prApti meM pramukha kAraNa hai| isa sAdhanA meM anya kAraNoM ke sAtha jIva kA puruSArtha pradhAna kAraNa hai| yahI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM kA sAra bhI hai| apane azubha bhAvoM ko zubha meM pariNata karane kA kArya Atma puruSArtha ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai| isa puruSArtha ke dvArA bhaviSya meM udaya meM Ane vAle karmoM ko pahale udaya meM lAne rUpa udIraNA bhI saMbhava hai| mana-vacana-kAyA tathA pA~ca indriyoM para saMyama rakhane kA dAyitva jIva kA hI hai| isameM usakA puruSArtha nihita hai| saMyama kI sAdhanA se saMvara evaM tapa kI sAdhanA se nirjarA svataH hotI hai| isakA sajagatApUrvaka ArAdhana binA puruSArtha ke saMbhava nahIM hai| zarIrAdi kI prApti meM puruSArtha kI kAraNatA saMsAra ke sabhI jIvoM ko zarIra sva puruSakAra se prApta hotA hai, na ki anya hetu se| ata: kahA hai jIvappabahe! evaM sati asthi uTThANe ti vA, kamme ti vaa| bale ti vA, vIrie ti vA, purisakkAra-parakkame ti vaa||10 zarIra jIva se utpanna hotA hai| aisA hone meM jIva kA utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya aura puruSAkAra-parAkrama kAraNa hotA hai| ata: jIva svayaM (zarIra) kA kartA hai| karma siddhAnta meM puruSArtha kA sthAna puruSArtha se baddha karmoM meM bhI parivartana saMbhava hai| yaha parivartana karma kI nimna avasthAoM meM mAnA jAtA hai- udvartanA, apavartanA, udIraNA aura sNkrmnn| udavartanA kA artha hai- karmoM kI sthiti meM vRddhi aura anubhAga meM tIvratA laanaa| apavartanA meM karmoM kI sthiti kama ho jAtI hai aura vipAka manda par3a jAte haiN| udIraNA ke dvArA vyakti bAda meM udaya meM Ane vAle kamoM ko khIMcakara samaya se pahale hI udaya meM lAkara khapA detA hai| ye tInoM avasthAe~ jaina darzana meM puruSArtha ko pratipAdita karatI haiN| puruSArtha dvArA karma-parivartana kA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa siddhAnta hai- sNkrmnn| saMkramaNa

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511 puruSavAda aura puruSakAra se abhiprAya hai karmoM kI uttara prakRtiyoM kA paraspara parivartana / udAharaNArtha sAtAvedanIya kA asAtAvedanIya meM athavA asAtAvedanIya kA sAtAvedanIya meM parivartana / saMkramaNa rUpI parivartana karma kI mUla prakRtiyoM meM nahIM hotA, apitu uttaraprakRtiyoM meM hotA hai| uttaraprakRtiyoM meM bhI Ayukarma kI uttaraprakRtiyoM meM nahIM hotA hai tathA darzanamoha aura cAritramoha meM bhI eka dUsare ke rUpa meM saMkramaNa nahIM hotA hai / sthAnAMga sUtra meM saMkramaNa ke viSaya meM cAra bhaMgoM kA nirdeza milatA hai, ve isa prakAra haiM 1. subhe NAmamege subhavivAge 2. subhe NAmamege asubhavivAge 3. asubhe NAmamege subhavivAge 4. asubhe NAmamege asubhavivAgeM" 1. zubha aura zubha vipAka - koI karma zubha hotA hai aura usakA vipAka bhI zubha hotA hai| 2. zubha aura azubha vipAka - koI karma zubha hotA hai aura usakA vipAka azubha hotA hai| 3. azubha aura zubha vipAka- koI karma azubha hotA hai aura usakA vipAka zubha hotA hai| 4. azubha aura azubha vipAka - koI karma azubha hotA hai aura usakA vipAka bhI azubha hI hotA hai| ukta cAroM prakAroM meM prathama aura caturtha prakAra to bandha anusArI vipAka vAle haiM tathA dvitIya aura tRtIya prakAra saMkramaNa-janita pariNAma vAle haiN| karma siddhAnta ke anusAra mUla karma, cAroM Ayu karma, darzana moha aura cAritra moha kA anya prakRti rUpa saMkramaNa nahIM hotaa| zeSa sabhI puNya-pApa rUpa karmoM kA apanI mUla prakRti ke antargata paraspara meM parivartana rUpa saMkramaNa ho jAtA hai| ataH uparyukta catubhaMgI puruSArtha kA mahattvapUrNa sUtra prastuta karatI hai| karma kI udIraNA bhI binA puruSArtha ke saMbhava nahIM / vyAkhyAprajJapti bhagavAna se prazna kiyA gayA sUtra meM

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512 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa prazna- bhagavan! jIva anudIrNa-udIraNAdika kI udIraNA karatA hai to kyA utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya aura puruSakAra-parAkrama se karatA hai athavA anutthAna, akarma, abala, avIrya, apuruSakAra-parAkrama se? uttara- gautama! jIva anudIrNa-udIraNA bhavika karma kI udIraNA utthAna se, karma se, bala se, vIrya se aura puruSakAra-parAkrama se karatA hai|212 isI prakAra anudIrNa karma ke upazama, vedana evaM nirjarA meM bhI jIva utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya evaM parAkrama karatA hai| 2133 puruSArtha se asaMkhyAta guNI karma nirjarA bhAratIya karma siddhAnta meM prAya: yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki jisane eka bAra jina karmoM kA arjana kara liyA use ve karma bhogane hI par3ate haiM, bhogane para hI unase mukti hotI hai| kintu jaina karma siddhAnta ke anusAra bAMdhe hue kamoM ko usI rUpa meM bhoganA Avazyaka nahIM hai| unakI kAlAvadhi evaM tIvra phaladAna zakti ko samatva kI sAdhanApUrvaka kama kiyA jA sakatA hai| pUrvabaddha karmoM kI sthiti, baMdha evaM anubhAga baMdha kA apakarSaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| karma-sAhitya meM karma-nirjarA kI kramika adhikatA kI dRSTi se 11 guNazreNiyA~ nirUpita haiN| karmagrantha, paMcasaMgraha, gommaTasAra Adi meM 11 guNazreNiyoM kA vivecana prApta hotA hai| jinameM uttarottara adhika se adhika karma-nirjarA hotI hai| ve 11 guNazreNiyA~ isa prakAra haiM 1. samyaktva kI utpatti meM pahalI 2. dezavirati kI utpatti meM dUsarI 3. sarvavirati kI utpatti meM tIsarI 4. anantAnubaMdhI kaSAyoM kI visaMyojanA meM cauthI 5. darzana mohatrika ke kSaya meM pA~cavIM 6. cAritra moha ke upazamana meM chaThI 7. upazAMta moha guNasthAna meM sAtavIM 8. cAritra mohanIya ke kSaya meM AThavIM 9. kSINa mohanIya meM nauvIM 10. sayogI kevalI guNasthAna meM dasavIM 11. ayogI kevalI guNasthAna meM gyArahavIM zreNi hotI hai| guNazreNi meM uttarottara saMkhyAta guNa hIna-hIna samaya meM uttarottara pariNAmoM kI vizaddhi kI adhikatA hote jAne ke kAraNa kamoM kI nirjarA asaMkhyAta guNI adhika hotI hai| arthAt jaise-jaise mohanIya karma ni:zeSa hotA jAtA hai, vaise-vaise nirjarA bhI baDhatI jAtI hai aura usakA dravya pramANa asaMkhyAta guNA-asaMkhyAta guNA adhikAdhika hotA jAtA hai| phalasvarUpa vaha jIva mokSa ke adhika nikaTa pahu~catA jAtA hai| jahA~ guNAkAra rUpa se guNita nirjarA kA dravya adhikAdhika pAyA jAtA hai, usako guNazreNi

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 513 kahA jAtA hai aura una sthAnoM meM hone vAlI nirjarA guNazreNi nirjarA kahalAtI hai| guNazreNi kA vidhAna Ayu karma ko chor3akara zeSa sAta karmoM meM hI hotA hai| samyaktva kI prApti ke samaya jo tIna karaNa hote haiM, unameM apUrvakaraNa aura anivRttikaraNa meM guNazreNi hotI hai| samyaktva prApta hone ke pazcAt bhI jIva antarmuhUrta paryanta pravarddhamAna pariNAma vAlA rahatA hai taba jo guNazreNi hotI hai vaha samyaktva nimittaka guNazreNi kahalAtI hai| dezavirati aura sarvavirati ke nimitta se bhI guNazreNiyA~ hotI haiN| unameM prathama guNazreNi kI apekSA dvitIya guNazreNi meM asaMkhyAta gunI karmadalikoM kI nirjarA hotI hai aura dvitIya guNazreNi se tRtIya guNazreNi meM saMkhyAta gunI dalikoM kI guNazreNi racanA hotI hai| sarvavirati nAmaka guNazreNi pramatta aura apramatta saMyata guNasthAna meM hotI hai| anantAnubaMdhI kI visaMyojanA meM hone vAlI cauthI guNazreNi cauthe se sAtaveM guNasthAna taka hotI hai / parantu saptama guNasthAnavartI jIva anantaguNa vizuddha pariNAma vAlA hone se sarvavirati ke nimitta se hone vAlI guNazreNi kI apekSA asaMkhyAtaguNI nirjarA karatA hai / darzana mohanIya kI tIna prakRtiyoM samyaktva, mithyAtva aura samyaktva - mithyAtva kA kSaya karate samaya darzana mohanIya kI kSapaka guNazreNi hotI hai| AThaveM, nauveM aura dasaveM guNasthAna meM cAritra mohanIya kA upazama karate samaya chaThI guNazreNi hotI hai / upazAnta moha nAmaka gyArahaveM guNasthAna meM sAtavIM guNazreNi aura kSapaka zreNi meM cAritra mohanIya kA kSapaNa karate hue AThavIM guNazreNi hotI hai| kSINa - mohanIya nAmaka bArahaveM guNasthAna meM nauvIM guNazreNi, sayogI kevalI nAmaka 13 veM guNasthAna meM dasavIM guNazreNi aura ayogI kevalI nAmaka 14 veM guNasthAna meM gyArahavIM guNazreNi hotI hai| gommaTasAra jIva kANDa meM ayogI kevalI guNazreNi ke sthAna para samudghAta kevalI guNazreNi nAma ginAyA gayA hai| ina sabhI guNazreNiyoM meM uttarottara asaMkhyAtaguNI nirjarA hotI hai| kintu karma- dalikoM ke vedana kA kAla uttarottara saMkhyAtaguNA hIna lagatA hai / arthAt kama samaya meM adhika-adhika karma dalikoM kA kSaya hotA hai| karmadalikoM kI racanA ko guNazreNi kahate haiN| uparyukta guNazreNiyoM meM asaMkhyAta guNe karmadalika udaya meM Ate haiN| ukta gyAraha prakAra kI guNazreNiyoM meM se yadyapi pratyeka kA kAla antarmuhUrta hI hotA hai, tathApi pratyeka ke antarmuhUrta kA kAla uttarottara kama hotA jAtA hai tathA nirjarA kA parimANa sAmAnya se asaMkhyAta guNA-asaMkhyAta guNA hone para bhI uttarottara baDhatA jAtA hai| arthAt pariNAmoM ke uttarottara vizuddha hone se uttarottara kama-kama samaya meM adhika-adhika karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai|

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514 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa guNazreNiyoM kA uparyukta vivecana jIva ke Atmika puruSArtha ko puSTa karatA hai| jIva ke bhAvoM kI vizuddhi se krodhAdi kaSAyoM para niyantraNa se aura samyaktva ke prabhAva se karmadalika tIvratA se kSaya ko prApta hote haiN| yahI guNazreNiyoM kA pratipAdya hai| puruSArtha ke uparyukta vivecana se yaha suspaSTa hai ki jainadarzana meM dharmapuruSArtha kI pramukhatA hai aura vahI mokSa kA sAdhana hai| jaina-sAdhanA paddhati meM puruSakriyA yA parAkrama kA vizeSa sthAna hai / cAritra-dharma ho yA tapa kA AcaraNa sarvatra Atma-puruSArtha apekSita hai| saMvara evaM nirjarA kI samasta sAdhanA meM Atma-udyama rUpa puruSArtha apekSita hai| guNazreNi se hone vAlI nirjarA meM isa puruSArtha kA vizeSa mahattva hai| puruSakAra to jIva kA lakSaNa bhI hai jo mokSa kA bhI sAdhana hai| labdhivIrya evaM karaNa vIrya kA pratipAdana ho yA saMyama meM parAkrama kA, sAdhanA meM apramattatA kA vivecana ho yA parISaha-jaya kA, apavartana karaNa kA prasaMga ho yA saMkramaNa karaNa kA sarvatra jainadarzana meM AtmapauruSa rUpa puruSArtha kA mahattva sthApita hai| niSkarSa - jainadarzana mAnya 'paMca samavAya' siddhAnta meM puruSakAra yA puruSArtha kA apratima sthAna hai| Adhunika mAnyatAnusAra paMca samavAya meM kAla, svabhAva, niyati evaM karma ke sAtha puruSArtha kA samAveza kiyA jAtA hai| yaha upayukta hI hai, kyoMki jainadarzana zramaNasaMskRti kA pratinidhidarzana hai jisameM 'zrama' kA mahattva nirvivAda hai| yaha zrama duHkhamukti ke lie karaNIya sAdhanA ko iMgita karatA hai| isa zrama meM saMyama evaM tapa kI sAdhanA kA samAveza hai| Agama-vAGmaya meM etAdRk puruSArtha ke poSaka aneka uddharaNa samprApta haiN| ___ AtmakRta karma ke anusAra phalaprApti ko svIkAra karane vAle AtmasvAtantryavAdI jainadarzana meM utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya, puruSakAra evaM parAkrama Adi ke rUpa meM puruSArtha kI mahattA sthApita ho yaha svAbhAvika hai, tathApi isa adhyAya meM puruSavAda evaM puruSArthavAda kA pRthakarUpeNa vicAra karane kA kAraNa hai siddhasenasUri kI nimnAMkita gAthA kAlo sahAva niyaI puvakayaM purise kaarnnegNtaa| micchattaM te ceva u, samAsao honti smmttN||14 isa gAthA meM 'purise' zabda AyA hai, jisakA TIkAkAra zIlAMka ne 'puruSa' artha karake puruSavAda kI carcA kI hai| puruSavAda ke anusAra jagat kA sraSTA parama puruSa hai jo sarvavyApaka hai, nitya hai, sarvajJa hai aura eka hai| isa puruSavAda kA jaina dArzanika nirasana karate haiN|

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 515 haribhadrasUri ne 'purise' ke sthAna para 'purisakiriyAo' (puruSakriyA) zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai jo dhIre-dhIre puruSakAra evaM puruSArtha ke rUpa meM prayukta hone lgaa| jaina darzana ke phalaka para yaha puruSakriyA, puruSakAra yA puruSArtha zabda kA prayoga adhika samIcIna hai| 'purise' evaM 'purisakiriyAo' zabdoM ke AdhAra para prastuta adhyAya do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| adhyAya ke pUrvArddha meM 'puruSavAda' kI carcA hai, jisake sAtha brahmavAda evaM IzvaravAda para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| adhyAya ke uttarArddha meM puruSakAra/puruSArtha kA nirUpaNa hai| 'puruSavAda' ke bIja Rgveda ke puruSasUkta meM upalabdha haiN| isameM aise puruSa kI kalpanA kI gaI hai jo sahana ziroM, sahasra bhujAoM vAlA, sahasra netroM vAlA aura sahasra pairoM vAlA hai| vaha sampUrNa jagat ko vyApta kiye hue hai| puruSa sUkta kA eka maMtra prasiddha hai puruSa evedaM sarva yad bhUtaM yacca bhaavym| utAmRtatvasyezvaro yadanyenAbhavat sh||215 jo vidyamAna hai, utpanna huA hai, utpanna hone vAlA hai, jo mokSa-sukha aura usase bhinna kA bhI zAsaka hai vaha puruSa hI hai| usa puruSa se hI samasta sRSTi kI racanA svIkAra kI gaI hai| Rgveda kA yaha maMtra hI puruSavAda kI mAnyatA kA AdhAra pratIta hotA hai| ___ upaniSad vAGmaya meM bhI puruSavAda kI mAnyatA kA samarthana prApta hotA hai| aitareyopaniSad, zvetAzvataropaniSad, muNDakopaniSad, taittiriyopaniSad, praznopaniSad Adi upaniSadoM meM puruSavAda varNita hai| kahIM brahmavAda ke rUpa meM usakA varNana kiyA gayA hai| taittirIyopaniSad meM kahA gayA hai yato vA imAni bhUtAni jAyante yena jAtAni jiivnti| ytpryntybhisNvishnti| tdvijijnyaasv| tad brhmeti||16 upaniSadoM meM brahma se jagat kI utpatti kA vivecana adhika huA hai| jo purANoM meM parivardhita huA hai| harivaMza purANa meM bhagavAna nArAyaNa ko brahma se utpanna svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| devI bhAgavata purANa meM advaita brahma kA nirUpaNa karate hue use nitya aura sanAtana batAyA hai tathA yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jaba vaha vizva kI racanA meM tatpara hotA hai taba vaha aneka rUpa ho jAtA hai| mahAbhArata meM avinAzI paramAtmA se

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516 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa AkAza, AkAza se vAyu, vAyu se agni aura agni se jala tathA jala se pRthvI kI utpatti nirdiSTa hai| bhagavad gItA meM zrI kRSNa arjuna se kahate haiM- 'bIjaM mAM sarvabhUtAnAM viddhi pArtha snaatnm|17 rAmAyaNa aura manusmRti meM bhI sRSTi racanA kA isI prakAra nirUpaNa huA hai| manusmRti meM svayaMbhU paramAtmA se pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu evaM AkAza kI utpatti pratipAdita hai| jainAgama sUtrakRtAMga meM brahma, Izvara aura svayaMbhU ke dvArA jagat ke nirmANa kI carcA hai| jainAcAryoM ne puruSavAda, brahmavAda aura IzvaravAda tInoM kA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana kiyA hai| isa adhyAya ke pUrvArddha meM puruSavAda ke antargata brahmavAda evaM IzvaravAda kA bhI upasthApana evaM khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| dvAdazAranayacakra meM mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ne, vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne tathA sanmatitarka TIkA meM abhayadeva sUri ne puruSavAda kA upasthApana evaM nirasana kiyA hai| puruSavAda ke upasthApana ke katipaya bindu nimna prakAra haiM1. samasta sUkSma aura sthUla jagat kA kAraNa puruSa hai| yaha puruSa cetana AtmA ke rUpa meM pratipAdita hai| buddhi, sukha, duHkha, icchA Adi sUkSma jagat aura rUpa, rasAdi sthUla jagat kI abhivyakti puruSa se hI hotI hai| cetana puruSa hI sUkSma-sthUla jagat ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hotA hai| isalie vaha puruSa sarvAtmaka hai| 3. vaha puruSa jJAna lakSaNa vAlA hai| jaba jJAna puruSa sarvAtmaka hai to vaha sarvajJa bhI hai| 4. puruSa kI cAra avasthAe~ haiM- jAgrata, svapna, suSupti aura tuury| jisa prakAra kumbhakAra ke prayatna se bhramaNazIla cakra meM kumbhakAra kI pravRtti kA zeSa pAyA jAtA hai usI prakAra puruSa kI pravRtti kA zeSa yaha jagat hai| jisa prakAra sUkSma rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza evaM zabda ke nAnA bhedoM se yukta pRthvI Adi sthUla rUpAdi utpanna hote haiN| usI prakAra amUrta puruSa se bhI rUpAdi bhAva prApta hote haiN| eka puruSa hI samasta loka kI sthiti-sarga-pralaya kA hetu hai| pralaya meM bhI alupta jJAnAtizaya kI zakti se yukta hotA hai| puruSa kI kAraNatA ke saMbaMdha meM abhayadeva sUri ne nimnAMkita maMtra uddhRta kiyA hai

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 517 UrNanAbha ivAM'zUnAM candrakAnta ivaa'mbhsaam| prarohANAmiva plakSaH sa hetuH srvjnminaam|| 8. jisa prakAra tantuoM kA kAraNa UrNanAbha, jala kA kAraNa candrakAntamaNi tathA jaTAoM kA kAraNa vaTavRkSa hotA hai usI prakAra sabhI utpanna hone vAle kAryoM kA kAraNa vaha puruSa hotA hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM gaNadhara agnibhUti ke mukha se uccarita 'puruSa eva idaM sarvam ' vedavAkya kI vyAkhyA meM puruSavAda ko prastuta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo utpanna ho cuke haiM jo utpanna hone vAle haiM, jo mokSa ke svAmI haiM, jo AhAra se vRddhiMgata hote haiM, jo pazu Adi calate haiM, jo parvata Adi nahIM calate haiN| jo meru Adi dUra haiM tathA kucha najadIka haiM, jo sabake andara hai aura jo sabake bAhara haiM, ve sabhI puruSa rUpa hai| usase atirikta karma nAma kI koI vastu nahIM hai| puruSavAda ke nirasana meM mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa, jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa, abhayadevasUri ke takoM kA saMkSepa isa prakAra hai dvAdazAranayacakra meM mallavAdI kahate haiM ki puruSa kI jAgrata, supta, suSupti aura tUrya nAmaka cAra avasthAe~ nirUpita kI gaI haiN| unameM puruSa tattva ina cAra avasthAoM ke lakSaNa vAlA hai athavA ye cAra avasthAe~ puruSAdi ke lakSaNa vAlI hai? yadi cAra avasthAe~ svayaM hI puruSa haiM to ina avasthAoM se bhinna kisI puruSa kI siddhi nahIM hotii| cAra avasthAoM kA samudAya hI yadi puruSa hai to yaha samudAyavAda mAtra raha jAegA, puruSavAda nhiiN| yadi tUrya avasthA ke pratipAdana ke lie ina cAra avasthAoM kA krama svIkAra kiyA gayA hai to ina avasthAoM ke kramika hone se kSaNikavAda kI Apatti AtI hai| cAra avasthAoM ke cAra jJAnoM kI kalpanA karane se kalpanA jJAna mAtra hI satya raha jAegA tathA unakA AbhAsa karAne vAlI bAhya vastu jaise svapna meM nahIM hotI hai vaise nahIM rhegii| isa prakAra vijJAna ke atirikta padArthoM kA zUnyavAda upasthita ho jaaegaa| 4. yadi yaha puruSa cAra avasthAoM se eka avasthA mAtra svarUpa vAlA hai to anya avasthAoM kA abhAva ho jaayegaa| yadi pratyeka avasthA meM vinidrA

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518 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa avasthA kI sarvAtmakatA hai to tRNa Adi bhI sarvAtmaka yA sarvagata ho jaayeNge| phira puruSa kI ekatva kI kalpanA se kyA lAbha? puruSa kI svAtmA hI usakI avasthA hai| yadi avasthA nahIM hai to puruSa nahIM hai| yadi puruSa kI avasthA ko svIkAra bhI kiyA jAya to puruSa kI cAra avasthAoM kI ekatA siddha hotI hai| udAharaNArtha vinidrA avasthA hI jAgrata avasthA hai| isI prakAra jAgrata avasthA hI vinidrA avasthA hai| aisA hI anya avasthAoM meM samajhanA caahie| ataH bheda kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa 'puruSa eva idaM sarva' ke atideza kA abhAva siddha hotA hai| puruSa kI advaitatA asiddha hai| 7. jaba puruSa kI lakSaNa svarUpa vinidrA avasthA puruSa nahIM hai tathA anya avasthAe~ bhI puruSa nahIM hai to isase puruSa kA abhAva siddha hotA hai| jaba puruSa kA hI abhAva hai to sarvagatatA kaise hogI? vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne 'puruSevedaM sarva' veda vAkya ko arthavAda vAkya batAkara usakA nirasana kiyA hai| sanmatitarka TIkA meM abhayadevasUri ne jagadutpatti meM puruSa kI kAraNatA para AkSepa karate hue kahA hai ki puruSa ko jagat kI sthiti, sarga aura pralaya kA kAraNa mAnanA usI prakAra asaMgata hai jisa prakAra Izvara kI jagat hetutA asaMgata hai| isakA tAtparya hai ki abhayadevasUri ne kutracit IzvaravAda kI jagahetutA kA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai| 11. puruSa dvArA jagat kI utpatti meM koI uddezya pratIta nahIM hotaa| yadi vaha anya puruSa yA Izvara Adi kI preraNA se jagat racanA meM pravRtta hotA hai to usameM asvatantratA kA prasaMga A jaaegaa| 12. yadi vaha anukampA se dUsaroM kA upakAra karane ke lie jagata kI racanA karatA hai to du:khI prANiyoM ko utpanna nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yadi unake karmoM kA kSaya karane ke lie duHkhI prANiyoM ko utpanna kiyA jAya to isameM una jIvoM ke dvArA kRta karmoM kI apekSA rakhanI hogii| 14. sRSTi ke pahale anukampA yogya prANiyoM kA sadbhAva nahIM rhtaa| 15. krIr3A se bhI jagat-racanA meM puruSa kI pravRtti mAnanA samIcIna nahIM hai| 10.

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 519 vicitra krIr3A ke upAya kI vRtti meM usa puruSa kI pahale se hI zakti hai to vaha yugapat hI samasta jagat kI utpatti, sthiti aura pralaya kI racanA kara degaa| yadi usake pAsa prArambha meM zakti nahIM hai to krama se bhI vaha utpatti-sthiti-pralaya ko sampanna nahIM kara skegaa| 16. puruSa yadi abuddhipUrvaka hI jagat nirmANa meM pravRtta hotA hai to vaha prAkRta puruSa se bhI hIna ho jaaegaa| upaniSad evaM vedAnta darzana meM brahma se jagadutpatti svIkAra kI gaI hai| AcArya prabhAcandra (11vIM zatI) ne prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM brahmavAda ke svarUpa kA upasthApana evaM nirasana kiyA hai| unhoMne jahA~ brahmavAda kI siddhi meM pratyakSa anumAna aura Agama pramANa die haiM vahA~ brahmavAda kA sabala yuktiyoM se nirasana bhI kiyA hai| puruSavAda se jisa prakAra brahmavAda kA vikAsa huA usI prakAra IzvaravAda kA bhI vikAsa puruSavAda se mAnanA caahie| maharSi gautama ne nyAyadarzana meM Izvara ko sarvazaktimAn aura sarvajJa svIkAra kiyA hai| Izvara kA jJAna nitya hai tathA vaha sabhI prakAra kI pUrNatA se yukta hai| Izvara na baddha hai aura na mukt| vaha sraSTA aura pAlanakartA hone ke sAtha vizva kA saMhartA bhI hai| puruSa arthAt jIva ke karmoM kI viphalatA dRSTigocara hone se Izvara kI kAraNatA siddha hotI hai| prayatna karatA huA bhI jIva asaphala hotA hai, jisameM IzvarecchA hI usakI niyAmikA hotI hai| udayana ne nyAyakusumAMjali meM IzvaravAda kI siddhi meM aneka sAdhaka pramANa prastuta kie haiN| unakA sabase bar3A tarka hai ki jagat bhI eka kArya hai, isIlie usakA koI na koI sraSTA honA cAhie aura vaha sraSTA Izvara hai| unake dvArA dI gaI yuktiyoM kA samAhAra nimnAMkita zloka meM jJAtavya hai kAryAyojanadhRtyAdeH padAtpratyayataH shruteH| vAkyAtsaMkhyAvizeSAcca sAdhyo vishvvidvyyH||18 IzvaravAda ke nirasana meM zIlAMkAcArya (8vIM zatI) abhayadevasUri (10vIM zatI), prabhAcandrAcArya (11vIM zatI) aura malliSeNasUri (1293 I.zatI) ne aneka tarka die haiN| sAMkhyatattvakaumudIkAra vAcaspati mizra ne bhI IzvaravAda kA khaNDana kiyA hai| 1. sUtrakRtAMga ke TIkAkAra zIlAMkAcArya ne IzvaravAdiyoM se prazna kiyA hai ki Izvara svata: hI dUsaroM ko unakI kriyAoM meM pravRtta karatA hai yA dUsaroM ke

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520 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa dvArA prerita hokr| yadi vaha svataH dUsaroM ko apanI kriyAoM meM pravRtta karatA hai to dUsare bhI usI prakAra svataH apanI kriyAoM meM pravRtta ho jaayeNge| bIca meM Izvara kI parikalpanA karane se kyA lAbha? yadi Izvara dUsare ke dvArA prerita hokara kriyAoM kA pravartaka hotA hai to vaha dUsarA bhI kisI anya se prerita hogA aura isa prakAra anavasthA doSa utpanna ho jaaegaa| jIva ke prAktana zubhAzubha karmoM ke phala pradAtA ke rUpa meM Izvara ko mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| karmoM kI anAdi hetu paramparA se phala prApti svataH ho jaayegii| 3. jagat kI vicitratA se Izvara kI siddhi nahIM ho sktii| Izvara jaba eka hI hai to samasta jagat kA usase ekatva ho jaaegaa| phira kauna kisake dvArA pratipAdita kiyA jAyegA? 4. abhayadevasUri ne sanmati tarka kI TIkA meM puruSavAda ke khaNDana meM jo tarka die haiM unhIM se IzvaravAda kA bhI khaNDana ho jAtA hai, yathA- 1. jIvoM para anugraha ke lie sRSTi kI racanA yuktisaMgata nhiiN| 2. Izvara ke dvArA jagat kI utpatti na yugapat ho sakatI hai aura na krama se| 3. krIr3A mAtra ko hI jagat kI utpatti meM kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| prabhAcandrAcArya ne IzvaravAdiyoM ke tarka evaM pratitoM ko upasthita kara unakA yuktisaMgata pratyavasthAna kiyA hai| malliSeNa sUri ne syAdvAdamaMjarI meM Izvara kI jagatkartRtA kA vyavasthita nirasana kiyA hai| hemacandrasUri ne IzvaravAda kA upasthApana anyayogavyavaccheda dvAtriMzikA meM kiyA haikartAsti kazcijjagataH sa caikaH sa sarvagaH sa svavazaH sa nityH| imAH kuhevAkaviDambAnAH syusteSAM na yossaamnushaaskstvm||299 malliSeNasUri ne isakI TIkA syAdvAdamaMjarI meM IzvaravAda kA samyak upasthApana kiyA hai aura nirasana bhI / unake katipaya tarka isa prakAra haiM1. Izvara ne zarIra dhAraNa karake jagat ko banAyA hai to vaha dRzya thA yA adRshy| yadi vaha zarIra hamAre zarIra kI taraha dRzya thA to isameM pratyakSa se bAdhA AtI hai| yadi vaha mAhAtmya vizeSa ke kAraNa adRzya zarIra vAlA hai to

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 521 isameM itaretarAzraya doSa AtA hai| kyoMki mAhAtmya vizeSa ke siddha hone para adRzya zarIra siddha hogA aura adRzya zarIra siddha hone para mAhAtmya vizeSa siddha hogaa| 2. jagat kA nirmANa na eka Izvara ke dvArA saMbhava hai aura na aneka Izvara ke dvaaraa| Izvara ko sarvajJa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki isameM veda se virodha AtA hai| vaha jagat kI racanA meM jIvoM ko unake karmAnusAra phala dene ke kAraNa svataMtra bhI nahIM hai| puruSakAra athavA puruSArtha kI carcA isa adhyAya kA mahattvapUrNa pratipAdya hai kyoMki uttarakAlIna jainAcAryoM ne paMcasamavAya meM kAlAdi ke sAtha isI ko sthAna diyA hai| puruSakAra yA puruSArtha jaina sAdhanA paddhati kI AtmA hai / pUrvabaddha karmoM ke kSaya evaM navIna karmoM ke nirodha ke lie AtmapuruSArtha kI mahattA jaina vAGmaya meM pade pade pratipAdita hai| pratyeka AtmA ko svataMtra mAnane vAlA jaina darzana pUrvakRta karma aura puruSArtha kI avadhAraNA para TikA huA hai| samyaktva kI prApti ho yA guNazreNi para ArohaNa jIva ke zubha pariNAmoM kI mahattA sarvatra sthApita hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM pratipAdita dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa nAmaka cAra puruSArthoM meM se jaina darzana meM dharma evaM mokSa puruSArtha kI vizeSa pratiSThA hai| inameM bhI dharma puruSArtha para vizeSataH dhyAna kendrita kiyA hai kyoMki mokSa kI prApti usI se saMbhava hai| jaina granthoM meM artha aura kAma puruSArtha ko mukti kI sAdhanA meM koI mahattva nahIM diyA gayA hai kintu vyAvahArika jIvana ke lie unakA bhI AcaraNa dharmapUrvaka karanA upAdeya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jainadarzana puruSArthavAdI darzana hai| isakI siddhi prastuta adhyAya meM Agama evaM itara jaina vAGmaya ke AdhAra para vibhinna bindu prastuta karate hue kI gaI hai / puruSArtha ke lie jaina granthoM meM parAkrama, vIrya, puruSakAra Adi zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya Adi zabda bhI isake poSaNa meM prayukta hue haiN| saMyama meM parAkrama kA upadeza, parISahoM para vijaya prApta karane kA saMdeza, tapa ke dvArA karor3oM bhavoM ke saMcita karmoM ke kSaya karane kA ullekha, pUrvabaddha karmoM kI guNazreNi dvArA asaMkhyAta guNI karma-nirjarA, sAdhaka ke dvArA apramattatA kA ArAdhana Adi aise aneka sabala pahalU haiM, jo jainadarzana ko puruSArthavAdI darzana siddha karatA hai| puruSakAra ko jaina darzana meM jIva kA lakSaNa aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai- 'udvANe, kamme

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522 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa nale vIrie purisakkAraparakkameM taM ceva jAva aphAse mannatte 220 arthAt utthAna, bala, karma, vIrya, puruSakAra, parAkrama- ye sabhI jIva ke upayoga vizeSa haiN| dharmAcaraNa ke lie uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA gayA hai- dhamma cara suduccrN|1 AcArAMga sUtra meM apramatta hokara sadA dharma meM parAkrama karane kA bahuta hI sundara upadeza hai- appamatte sayA parakammejjAsi 222 saMdarbha 1. (1) sahasrazIrSA puruSaH sahasrAkSaH shsrpaat| sa bhUmiM vizvato vRtvAtyatiSThad dazAGgulam -Rgveda maNDala 10, adhyayana 4, sUkta 90, maMtra 1 (2) sahasrabAhuH puruSaH sahasrAkSaH shsrpaat| sa bhUmiM vizvato vRtvAtyatiSThad dshaangglm|| -atharvaveda kANDa 19, sUkta 6, maMtra 1 2. (1) 'tato viSvaGa vyakrAmatsAzanAnazute ami' -Rgveda, maNDala 10, adhyayana4, sUkta 90, maMtra 4 (2) 'tathA vyakrAmad viSvaGazanAnazane anu' -atharvaveda, kANDa 19, sUkta 6, ___ maMtra 2 3. (1) atharvaveda 19.6.4 / / (2) Rgveda meM yaha maMtra isa prakAra hai puruSa evedaM sarva yadbhUtaM yacca bhaavym| utAmRtatvasyezAno ydnnenaatirohti|| -Rgveda maNDala 10, adhyayana 4, sUkta 90, maMtra 2 4. (1) brAhmaNo'sya mukhamAsId bAhU rAjanyaH kRtH| urU tadasya yadvezyaH padbhayAM zUdro ajaaytH|| -Rgveda maNDala 10, adhyayana4, sUkta 90, maMtra12 (2) brAhmaNo'sya mukhamAsId bAhU raajnyo'bhvt| madhyaM tadasya yad vaizyaH padbhayAM zUdro ajaayt|| -atharvaveda 19.6.6 candramA manaso jAtacakSoH sUryo ajaayt| mukhAdindrazcAgnizca prANAd vaayurjaayt|| nAbhyA AsIdantarikSa zIrNo dyauH smvrtt| padabhyAM bhUbhirdizaH zrotrAt tathA lokA~ aklpyn|| (1) Rgveda maNDala 10, adhyayana 4, sUkta 90, maMtra 13-14, (2) atharvaveda 19.6.7,8

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 523 6. (1) Rgveda 10.4.90.5 (2) 'virADagre samabhavad virAjo adhi puruSaH' -atharvaveda 19.6.9 tasmAdazvA ajAyanta ye ca ke cobhyaadtH| gAvo ha jajJire tasmAt tasmAjjAtA ajaavyH|| __-Rgveda 10.4.90.10, atharvaveda 19.6.12 'vAyavyAnAraNyA grAmyAzca ya' -Rgveda 10.4.90.8, atharvaveda 19.6.14 (1) atharvaveda 19.6.13 (2) tasmAdyajJAtsarvahuta RcaH sAmAni jjire| chandAMsi jajJire tsmaadyjustsmaadjaayt|| -Rgveda 10.4.90.9 10. (1) taM yajJaM prAvRSA praukSan puruSaM jaatmgrshH| tena devA ayajanta sAdhyA vsvshcye|| -atharvaveda 19.6.11 (2) taM yajJaM barhiSi praukSan puruSaM jaatmgrtH| tena devA ayajanta sAdhyA RSayazca ye|| -Rgveda 10.4.90.7 11. Rgveda, maNDala 10, adhyAya 3, sUkta 72, maMtra 2,8 Rgveda-bhASA bhASya (prathama bhAga) dayAnanda saMsthAna, naI dillI, maNDala 10, adhyAya 3, sUkta 72, maMtra 8 para dayAnanda sarasvatI kI vizeSa TippaNI meM uparyukta zloka uddhRta aitareyopaniSad, prathama adhyAya, prathama khaNDa, maMtra 1 14. 'sa imoNllokaansRjt| ambho marIcIrmaramApo'do'mbhaH pareNa divaM dyauH pratiSThAntarikSaM marIcayaH pRthivI maro yA adhastAttA aapH|' -aitareyopaniSad, prathama adhyAya, prathama khaNDa, maMtra 2 "sa IkSateme nu lokA lokapAlAnnu sRjA iti so'dgaya eva puruSaM smuddhRtyaamuurchyt|" -aitareyopaniSad, prathama adhyAya, prathama khaNDa, maMtra 3 16. 'tamabhyatapattasyAbhitaptasya mukhaM nirabhidyata yathANDaM mukhAdvAgvAco'gnirnAsike nirabhidyetAM nAsikAbhyAM prANaH prANAdvAyurakSiNI nirabhidyetAmakSibhyAM cakSuzcakSuSa AdityaH kau~ nirabhidyetAM karNAbhyAM zrotraM zrotrAddizastvaG nirabhidyata tvaco lomAni lomabhya auSadhivanaspatayo hRdayaM nirabhidyata hRdayAnmano manasazcandramA nAbhinirabhidyata nAbhyA apAno'pAnAnmRtyuH zighnaM nirabhidyata zizrnAdreto retasa aapH|" -aitareyopaniSad, prathama adhyAya, prathama khaNDa, maMtra 4 13.

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524 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 17. taittiriyopaniSad, brahmAnanda vallI, prathama anuvAk 18. 19. chAndogyopaniSad, adhyAya 3, khaNDa 14, maMtra 1 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. " tasmAdvA etasmAdAtmana AkAzaH sambhUtaH / AkAzAdvAyuH / vAyoragniH / agnerApaH / adbhyaH pRthivI / pRthivyA auSadhayaH / auSadhIbhyo'nnam / annaatpurussH|" -taittiriyopaniSad, brahmAnandavallI, prathama anuvAk 26. 'OM brahmA devAnAM prathamaH sambabhUva vizvasya kartA bhuvanasya goptA / ' - muNDakopaniSad, prathama muNDaka, prathama khaNDa 'prajAkAmo vai prajApatiH sa tapo'tapyata sa tapastaptvA sa mithunamutpAdayate rathiM ca prANaM cetyetau me bahudhA prajAH kariSyata iti" - praznopaniSad, prathama prazna, maMtra 14 'sRSTivAda aura Izvara' - zatAvadhAnI paM. muni zrI ratnacandra jI mahArAja, zrI jaina sAhitya pracAraka samiti, byAvara, pRSTha 179 sa tu yogamayajJAnAtsvabhAvAd brhmsNbhvaat| sRjate puruSaM divyaM brahmayoni sanAtanam // dravaM yatsalilaM tasya dhanaM yatpRthivI bhavat / chidraM yacca tadAkAzaM jyotiryacca kSureva tat / / vAyunA spandate cainaM saMghAtAjyotisaMbhavaH / puruSAtpuruSo bhAvaH paMcabhUtamayo mahAn / / - harivaMza purANa (dvitIya khaNDa) saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjA kutuba (vedanagara) barelI (uttarapradeza), bhaviSya parva, pRSTha 191 devI bhAgavata purANa ( prathama khaNDa), saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjA kutuba (vedanagara), barelI (u.pra.), pRSTha 151, zloka 4 yathA dIpastayopAdheryogAtsaMjAyate dvidhA / chAyevAdarzanadhye vA pratibimba tathA''vayoH // bheda utpattikAle vai sargArthaM prabhavatyaja / dRzyAdRzyavibhedo'yaM dvaividhye sati sarvathA / / - devI bhAgavata purANa (prathama khaNDa), pRSTha 151, zloka 5, 6 dRSTvA zUnyamayaM vizvaM, golokaM ca bhayaMkaram / nirjantu nirjalaM ghoraM, nirvAtaM tamasAvRtama ||

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 525 Alocya manasA srvmekevaashaayvaan| svecchayA sRSTumArebhe, sRSTiM svecchAmayaH prbhuH|| -brahmavaivarta purANa, adhyAya 2.1-2, uddhRta 'sRSTivAda aura Izvara' pRSTha 180 27. brahmavaivarta purANa, adhyAya 2.4 28. prathamo mahataH sargo, vijJeyo brahmaNastu yH| tanmAtrANAM dvitIyastu, bhUtasargo hi sa smRtH|| vaikArikastRtIyastu sarga aindriyakaH, smRtH| ityeSa prAkRtaH sargaH saMbhUto buddhipuurvkH|| -mArkaNDeya purANa, adhyayana 44.31, 32 uddhRta 'sRSTivAda aura Izvara pRSTha 200 29. mukhyasargazca caturtha, mukhyA vai sthAvarAH smRtaaH| tiryasrotAstu yaH prokta stairyagyonastataH smRtH|| tathovaM srotasAM SaSTho, devasargastu sa smRtH| tato'rvAk srotasAM sargaH, saptamaH sa tu maanussH|| aSTamo'nugrahaH sargaH, sAttvikastAmasazca yH| paMcaite vaikRtAH sargAH, prAkRtAzca trayaH smRtaaH|| prAkRto vaikRtazcaiva, kaumAro nvmstthaa| brahmato nava sargAstu, jagato muulhetvH|| -mArkaNDeya purANa, adhyayana 44.33-36, uddhRta 'sRSTivAda aura IzvaravAda' pRSTha 200 30. mahAbhArata, zAMti parva, adhyAya 202, zloka 1 31. 'yaH sarvahetuH paramAtmakArI tat kAraNaM kAryamato yadanyat' / -mahAbhArata, zAnti parva 202.7 32. noSNaM na zItaM mRdu nApi tIkSNaM nAmlaM kaSAyaM madhuraM na tiktm| na zabdavannApi ca gndhvt| tanna rUpavattat prmsvbhaavm|| -mahAbhArata, zAnti parva 202.3 33. yad vyApyabhUd vyApakaM sAdhakaM c| yanmantravat sthAsyati cApi loke| -mahAbhArata, zAnti parva 202.7

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526 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 34. pitAmaha mahAprAjJa punnddriikaakssmcyutm| kartAramakRtaM viSNuM bhUtAnAM prbhvaapyym|| -mahAbhArata, zAnti parva, adhyayanara07, zloka 1 35. mahAbhArata, zAnti parva, adhyayana 207, zloka 8 sa dhArayati bhUtAni ubhe bhuutbhvissytii| tatastasmin mahAbAhau prAdurbhUte mhaatmni| bhAskarapratimaM divyaM nAbhyAM pdmjaayt|| sa tatra bhagavAn devaH puSkare bhrAjayan dishH| brahmA samabhavat tAta srvbhuutpitaamhH|| __-mahAbhArata,zAnti parva, adhyayana 207, zloka 11,12,13 37. mahAbhArata, zAnti parva, adhyayana 207, zloka 29, 31, 32 38. mahAbhArata, zAnti parva, adhyAya 207, zloka 30 39. mahAbhArata, zAnti parva, adhyAya 207 40. gItA, 7.10 41. gatirbhartA prabhuH sAkSI nivAsaH zaraNaM suht| prabhavapralayasthAnaM nidhAnaM biijmvyym|| -gItA 9.18 42. rAmAyaNa, ayodhyA kANDa, 110vA~ sarga, zloka 3, 4 43. manusmRti 1.5 44. tataH svayaMbhUbhagavAnavyakto vyNjynnidm| mahAbhUtAdi vRttaujAH praaduraasiittmonudH|| -manusmRti 1.6 45. yo'sAvatIndriyagrAhyaH sUkSmo'vyaktaH snaatnH| sarvabhUtamayo'cintyaH sa eva svymudbbhau|| so'bhidhyAya zarIrAtsvAtsisakSurvivadhAH prjaaH| apa eva sasarjAdau tAsu biijmvaasRjt||- manusmRti 1.7, 8 tadaNDamabhavadvaimaM shsraaNshusmprbhm| tasmiMjajJe svayaM brahmA srvlokpitaamhH|| tasminnaNDe sa bhagavAnuSitvA privtsrm| 46.

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47. udbabarhAtmanazcaiva manaH sadasadAtmakam / manasazcApyahaMkAramabhimantAramIzvaram // svayamevAtmano dhyAnAttatdaNDamakarodvidhA / / - tAbhyAM sa zakalAbhyAM ca divaM bhUmiM ca nirmame / madhye vyoma dizazcASTAvapAM sthAnaM ca zAzvatam // / - manRsmRti 1.9,12,13 48. sUtrakRtAMga, 1.1.3.5 49. 52. mahAntameva cAtmAnaM sarvANi triguNAni ca / viSayANAM gRhItRNi zanaiH paMcendriyANi ca / / teSAM tvvyvaansuukssmaanssnnnnaampymitaujsaam| sannivezyAtmamAtrAsu sarvabhUtAni nirmame / / - manusmRti 1.14, 15, 16 50. sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.3.64 51. 55. puruSavAda aura puruSakAra "devenopto devoptaH karSakeNeva bIjavapanaM kRtvA niSpAdito'yaM loka ityarthaH / devairvA gupto- rakSito devagupto devaputro vetyevmaadikmjnyaanmiti|" - sUtrakRtAMga, 1.1.3.5 kI zIlAMka TIkA jagadetaccarAcaramaNDena kRta maNDakRta maNDAjjAtamityarthaH / tathAhi te vadanti yadA na kiMcidapi vastvAsIt padArthazUnyo'yaM saMsArastadA brahmA'psu aNDamasRjat tasmAcca krameNa vRddhAt pazcAt dvidhAbhAvamupagatAdUrdhvAdhovibhAgo'bhUt / tanmadhye ca sarvAH prakRtayo'bhUvan evaM pRthivyaptejovAravAkAza samudrasaritparvatamakarAkarasaMnivezAdisaMsthitirabhUditi / tathA coktam "AsIdidaM tamobhUtamaprajJAtamalakSaNam / apratarkyamavijJeyaM, prasuptamiva sarvataH " evambhUte cA'smin jagati asau brahmA tasya bhAvastattvaM padArthajAtaM tadaNDAdikrameNa akArSIt kRtavAn iti / " sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.3.8 kI zIlAMka TIkA 53. sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.3.6 54. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, 880 "brahmA jagatpitAmahaH sa caika eva jagadAdAvAsIttena ca prajApatayaH sRSTAH taizca krameNaitatsakalaM jagaditi / " - sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.3.5 kI zIlAMka TIkA 527 (1) sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.3.7 (2) 'sayaMbhuNA sayaM ya Nimmio' - praznavyAkaraNa sUtra 1.2.48 56. "sayaMbhuNA ityAdi, svayambhavatIti svayambhUH viSNuranyo vA / sacaika evAdAvabhUta, tatraikAkI ramate, dvitIyamiSTavAn, taccintAnantarameva dvitIyA zaktiH samutpannA

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528 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa tadanantarameva jagatsRSTirabhUditi evaM maharSiNA uktam abhihitm| evaM vAdino lokasya krtaarmbhyupgtvntH| api ca tena svambhuvA lokaM niSpAdyAtibhArabhayAdyamAkhyo mArayatIti mAro vyadhAyi, tena mAreNa saMstutA kRtA prasAdhitA mAyA, tathA ca mAyayA lokAH mriynte| na ca paramArthato jIvasyopayogalakSaNasya vyApattirasti ato mAyaiSA yathA'yaM mRtH| tathA cA'yaM loko'zAzvata: anityovinAzIti gmyte|" -sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.3.7 kI zIlAMka TIkA 57. "puruSo hi jJAtA jnyaanmytvaat| tanmayaM cedaM sarva tadekatvAt srvektvaacc|" -dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga, pRSTha 175 58. "nanu kSIrarasAdi dadhyAdeH krtR| kSIrAddadhi bhavatyajJAta kartRNaH, rasAd guDaH, na ca tat kSIraM raso vA jJamiti jJakartRtvamanaikAntikamiti" __-dvAdazAranayacakra, prathamo vibhAga, pRSTha 175 siMhasUri kRta TIkA 59. dvAdazAranayacakra, prathama vibhAga, pRSTha 175 - 60. (1) "yathaiva hi rUpAdayo'mUrtatvena sUkSmAM vRttimatyajanta eva svapravRttiprabhAvA vabaddhamUrtatva- prakramAn paramANUnadhyAsya nAnAprabhedapRthivyAdibheda-sthUlarUpA jAyante evaM tato'pi paraM kAraNaM rUpAdibhAvamApadyata iti rUpAdipravibhaktamapravibhaktasvatattvaM yat tad bhavati tadeva tttvm||" -dvAdazAranayacakram, prathamo vibhAga, pRSTha 176-177 (2) paramANudvipradezAdipRthivyAdiSvapravibhaktasvarUpAditattvavat ___ -dvAdazAranayacakram, prathamo vibhAga, pRSTha 177 para siMhasUri TIkA 61. nanu jJAnasvatattva Atmeti rUpAdibhireva nirUpitaM tat, taddhi rUpaNaM rUpaM jJAnameva vibhaktAvibhaktaM grahaNamevA' -dvAdazAranayacakram, prathamo vibhAga, pRSTha 177 62. caitanyamekameva rUpAdivibhaktamapyavibhaktam, tathA tdnubhvdrshnaat| sa eva tu vyatirekasyAnupapatterjJAnasvatattvAtmaiva grAhyo graahkshcaissitvyH| -dvAdazAranayacakram, prathamo vibhAga, pRSTha 178 63. "yathA tvadabhimataH pratizarIraM zarIrAdivyatiriktamAtmaiva AtmAnaM zarIrAdIzca bAhyAnarthAn pratipadyamAno'pi svAtmAdhigame pramANAntarAbhAvAd grAhyo grAhakazca rUpAdibhedena jJAnasukhAdibhedena ca svayameva viparivartamAna iti|" -dvAdazAranayacakram, prathamo vibhAga, pRSTha 178 para siMhasUri TIkA

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 529 64. "buddhisukhaduHkhecchAdveSAdikAlAkAzadigAtmAdyamUrta sUkSmamucyate, rUpAdayastu sthUlA eva prtyksstvaat| sUkSmasthUlatvAdi ca teSAM yathAsaMkhyaM buddhyAdInAM rUpAdInAM ca tattva evetybhismbhntsyte|" __-dvAdazAranayacakram, prathamo vibhAga, pRSTha 178 para siMhasUri TIkA kSIramapi dhenAvatyantAparidRSTam......sarvasya cetanAcetanasya jagatzcetanAtmani puruSe'tyantAparidRSTasya vyavasthA yugpdev| __-dvAdazAranayacakram, prathamo vibhAga, pRSTha 179 para siMhasUri TIkA 66. evaM ca sArvaiyamayatnena labdhaM puruSAtmakatvAt sarvasyA -dvAdazAranayacakram, prathamo vibhAga, pRSTha 179 67. tasya ca catasro'vasthA jaagrtsuptsussuptturiiyaanvrthaakhyaaH| tAzca bahudhA vyvtisstthnte| sukhaduHkhamohazuddhayaH sattvarajastamovimuktyAkhyA Urdhvatiryagadholoka vibhAgAH saMiyasaMiya- cetanabhAvA vaa| -dvAdazAranayacakram, prathamo vibhAga, pRSTha 182 68. sa eva paramAtmA' -dvAdazAranayacakram, prathamo vibhAga, pRSTha 182 69. mahAmohanidrAkSayopazamazaktyA nirvRttyupakaraNendriyapratyayaM caitanyaM pratyakSAdipratyavekSaNAtmaka tvAjjAgradavasthA karaNAtmA cetnaatmaa| ___ -dvAdazAranayacakram, prathamo vibhAga, pRSTha183 70. (1) "tathA suptAvasthApi jJAnameva saMzayAdi ISatsuptatA vastunastathA tathA tttvaat|" -dvAdazAranayacakram, prathamo vibhAga, pRSTha 183 (2) suptAvasthA, sApi jJAnameva saMzayAdi iisstsupttaa| -dvAdazAranayacakram, prathamo vibhAga, pRSTha 184 71. caitanyadAtmA pRthivyAdisuSuptAvasthAyA viparyayeNa vRtto rAgAdhupayukta upayogasvAtantryeNa buddhavAtmanAtmAnamasvatantrI karoti, karmabandhena rUpAdimattvamanAdyanantaza aapdyte| -dvAdazAranayacakram, prathamo vibhAga, pRSTha 186 72. nanvevamanAdyanantatve sati aviveke caitanyarUpAdimattvayostulye kimartha jJAnAtmakamityucyate, kiM rUpAdimadAtmakamiti nocyate sarvam? naivaM parigrahe'pi kshciddossH| -dvAdazAranayacakram, prathamo vibhAga, pRSTha 187 73. yathA tu rUpAdibhedena sarvabhedaparyantaM bhedaM vidhAya vijJAnamAtrameva vyvsthaapyte|| -dvAdazAranayacakram, prathamo vibhAga, pRSTha 188

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530 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 74. sarvatra sannipatyArAddUrAdupakAritvebhya AtmabuddhIndriyaprakAzarUpaghaTauSadhAhArAdiSu jnyaanvRttirbhvti| -dvAdazAranayacakram, prathamo vibhAga, pRSTha 189 dvAdazAranayacakram, prathamo vibhAga, pRSTha 189 76. "atha kiM bhavatA puruSAdivAdeSu pratisvaM tathA tathA yA etA avasthA uktAH puruSAdi tattvaM tallakSaNam, uta purussaadilkssnnaastaaH|" / -dvAdazAranayacakram, prathamo vibhAga, pRSTha 246 77. "yadyavasthAsvAtmaiva puruSAdi, na puruSAdyAtmA avasthAH, tataH puruSo nAma na kazciccaturava-sthAvyatiriktaH samudayimAtrasamudAyAbhyupagamAd rUpAdisamudAyavat samudAyamAtravAda evAyamanyaH, turIyatvapratipAdanArthAbhyupagata-muktikramavattu ayugapadavasthAvRtteH kSaNikavAdaH vAsovat, caturjJAnamAtratvAt kalpanAjJAnamAtrasatyaM na kiMcit tadAbhAsajJAnabahirbhUtaM svapnavaditi vijJAnavyati riktaarthshuunyvaadH|" -dvAdazAranayacakram, prathamo vibhAga, pRSTha 246-247 78. acintyamevedaM cintyte| Urdhvamadhastiryak kvacit tattvaika eva vyavasthitaH puruSaH antiriktpraapraanniiyojyaayoruupaatmktvaat|| -dvAdazAranayacakram, prathama vibhAga, pRSTha 247 79. zvetAzvataropaniSad, 3.9 uddhRta dvAdazAranayacakram, prathama vibhAga, pRSTha 248 80. mayA hi 'puruSa evedam' ityavadhAryoktam, noktam, 'idameva puruSaH' -dvAdazAranayacakram, prathama vibhAga, siMhasUri TIkA pRSTha 247 "nanvayamekAvasthAmAtrasvatattva eva vyavasthApitaH caitnyaantivRttivrnnnaat| tacca vinidrAvasthAto'nanyaditi vinidrAvasthAlakSaNa eva puruSa AtyantikanidrAvigamarUpanirUpyatvAd vinidraavsthaasvaatmvt| na hyasAvitarAtmikA, svvRttityaagaaptteH| tanmAtratve tu puruSasyApi tadvajjAgradAdyavasthAnAtmakatvA dsrvgttvm|" -dvAdazAranayacakram, prathamo vibhAga, pRSTha 248 82. "atha vinidrAvasthAlakSaNo'pi puruSaH sarvatvAnna vinidrAvasthAmAtra eva, vinidrAvasthApi vinidrAvasthAtmikA satI sarvatvAnna vinidrAvasthAmAtraiva syAd vinidrAvasthAlakSaNatvAt purusssvaatmvt| tatazca pratyavasthaM tasyA eva sarvAtmakatvAt tRNAdyapi sarvagatamiti kiM purussaiktvprklpnyaa|" -dvAdazAranayacakram, prathama vibhAga, pRSTha 249 83. "atallakSaNatvAdvA vinidrAvasthAyA abhAvaH, tatazca tatattvacaturavasthasarvAtmaka purussaabhaavH|" -dvAdazAranayacakram, prathama vibhAga, pRSTha 249

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86. puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 531 84. "atha vinidrAlakSaNaviparIto'pi puruSaH puruSa evAvadhAraNabhedAt, vinidrAvasthA svAtmani vinidrAvasthaiva lakSaNam, puruSe tu lakSaNameva anyAsAmapyatyAgAt sa hyanekarUpo meckvt|" -dvAdazAranayacakram, prathama vibhAga, pR. 249-250 dvAdazAranayacakram, prathama vibhAga, siMhasUri TIkA, pRSTha 250 "yadyapi ca puruSasvAtmaiva avasthA na tarhi nA, anavasthatvAt khpussyvt| abhyupagame'pi nuH avasthAnAM catasRNAmapyaikyaM syAt puruSasvAtmatvAt purussvditi| sarvatvasambhAvyAbhAvAt sarvAvyApitA purusssy| vinidrAvasthaiva hi jAgradavasthA vinidrAvasthAsvAtmatvAd vinidrAvasthAvat evamitare api| jAgradavasthaiva vinidrAvasthA jAgradavasthAsvAtmatvAjjAgradavasthAvat evamitare api| suptAvasthaiva vinidrAvasthA suptAvasthAsvAtmatvAt suptAvasthAvat, evamitare api| suSuptAvasthaiva vinidrAvasthA suSuptAvasthAsvAtmatvAt suSuptAvasthAvat, evamitare api| yaivAnyAvasthA saivAnyApi ekasvAtmatvAt sA iveti 'puruSa evedaM sarvama' ityatidezAbhAvo bhedaabhaavaat|" -dvAdazAranayacakram, prathama vibhAga, pRSTha 253-255 87. "yo'sAveka eva puruSaH sambhAvyate tasyApyanekataivamApadyate, yatsvarUpAvyatiriktalakSaNA avasthA binA bhedenocyante sa puruSo'pi puruSeNAbhivyAptatvAdanavaMsthitaikatvatatvapratiSThaH 'puruSaH' ityatidezyaH syAt purusssvaatmtvaadvsthaavt| pratyakSArthedaMviSayatAyAM vA acetnvyktmuurtaanityaadiruupaarthpurussprmaarthtaa|" -dvAdazAranayacakram, prathama vibhAga pRSTha 256-257 88. "avasthAstvanyatvAnekatva eva purussH| avazyamanyAstAstasmAt, tadrUpApattyaniSTatvAt, avasthAntaravat, yato'vasthAsvAtmatvamasya nessyte| puruSAtidezAttu punaH svaparaviSayakRta-bhedadvArAnyatvAsambhavAt kasyacit kathaMcidapyanyasyAnupapattau tA api anyatvApattivat pRthak-pRthak purussH|"dvaadshaarnyckrm, prathama vibhAga, pRSTha 257 "atha puruSalakSaNApi vinidrAvasthA na puruSaH puruSo'pi na tarhi puruSaH / puruSalakSaNatvAd vinidraavsthaavt| evaM zeSA api iti puruSAbhAva eva, kuto'sya sarvagatatA? tadabhAva eva tvadabhiprAya eva evaM pratipAdyate, tadAtmatvAbhimatanirasanAt, uSNatvanirasanena agrybhaavprtipaadnvt|" ___-dvAdazAranayacakram, prathama vibhAga, pRSTha 258 90. "idaM sarva- pratyakSaM vartamAnaM cetanAcetanasvarUpam, 'gni' iti vAkyAlaMkAre, yad bhUtam- atItam, yacca bhAvya-bhaviSyad muktisaMsArAvapi sa evetyrthH| 89.

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91 532 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa utAmRtatvasyezAna iti| utshbdopyrthe| apizabdazca smuccye| amRtatvasya ca amaraNabhAvasya mokSasyezAnaH prbhurityrthH| ydnnenaatirohtiiti| ca zabdasya luptasya darzanAd yaccAnnena- AhAreNa, atirohati-atizayena vRddhimupaiti| yadejati-calati, pshvaadi| yad naijati- na calati prvtaadi| yad dUre mervaadi| yadu antike-uzabdo'vadhAraNe, yadantike samIpe tadapi puruSa evetyrthH| yadantaH madhye asya cetanAcetanasya sarvasyaH yadeva sarvasyApyasya bAhyataH tat sarva puruSa eveti| atastatiriktasya karmaNaH kila satA duHshrddheyeti|" / -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1643 "puruSa evedaM sarva-ityAdIni tAvat puruSastutiparANi jAtyAdimadatyAgahetoradvaitabhAvanA-pratipAdakAni ca vartante, na tu krmsttaavyvcchedkaani| vedavAkyAni hi kAnicid vidhivAdaparaNi, kAnyapyarthavAdapradhAnAni, aparANi tvanuvAdaparANi tatra 'agnihotraM juhuyAt svargakAmaH' ityAdIni vidhivaadpraanni"| -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1643 92. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1643 93. tasmAt 'puruSa evedaM sarvam' -ityAdIni vedapadAni stutyarthavAdapradhAnAni drssttvyaani| 'vijJAnaghana evaitebhyaH' ityatrApyamarthaH -vijJAnaghanAkhyaH puruSa evAyaM bhUtebhyo'rthAntaraM vrtte| sa ca kartA, kArya ca zarIrAdikamiti prAk saadhitmev| tatazca kartRkAryAbhyAmarthAntaraM karaNamanumIyateH, tathAhi yatra kartRkAryabhAvastatrAvazyaMbhAvi karaNam, yathA'yaskArA'yaH piNDasadbhAve saMdaMzaH yacvAtrAtmanaH zarIrAdikAryanivRttau karaNabhAvamApadyate tat 'karma' iti prtipdysv| api ca, sAkSAdeva karmasattApratipAdakAni zrayanta eva vedavAkyAni, tadyathA"puNyaH puNyena karmaNA pApaH pApena karmaNA" ityaadi| tasmAdAgamAdapi pratipadyasva krmeti|" -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1643 anyastvAha- "puruSa evaikaH sakalalokasthiti-sarga-pralaya hetuH pralaye'pi aluptajJAnAtizaya zaktiH " -sanmati tarka kI TIkA, pRSTha 715 "atra sakalalokasthiti-sarga-pralayahetutA IzvarasyevapuruSavAdibhiH puruSasya issttaa| vizeSastu samavAyAdyaparakAraNasavyapekSa Izvaro jagad nivartayati ayaM tu kevala evA" IzvaravAdI jisa prakAra samasta loka kI sthiti sarga aura pralaya meM Izvara kI kAraNatA svIkAra karate haiM usI prakAra puruSavAdI inameM puruSa kI kAraNatA aMgIkAra karate haiN| donoM meM antara yaha hai ki Izvara samavAya Adi anya kAraNoM kI apekSA rakhakara jagat kI racanA karatA hai jabaki puruSa akelA hI samast jagat kI racanA Adi karatA hai| -sanmati tarka kI TIkA pRSTha 715

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 533 96. "asya ca Izvarasyeva jagaddhetatA asNgtaa| tathAhi- "puruSo janminAM heturnotpttivikltvtH| gaganAmbhojavat sarvamanyathA yugapad bhvet||" -sanmati tarka kI abhayadeva TIkA pRSTha 715 97. kiMca, prekSApUrvakAripravRttiH prayojanavattayA vyApteti kiM prayojanamuddizya ayaM jagatkaraNe pravartate? nezvarAdipreraNAt asvaatntryprsktH| na parAnugrahArthamanukampayA duHkhitasattva- nirvrtnaanupptteH| na tatkarmaprakSayArtha duHkhitasattvanirmANe pravRttiH tatkarmaNo'pi tatkRtatvena tatprakSayArtha tannirmANapravRttI aprekssaapuurvkaaritaaptteH| na ca prAk sRSTiH anukampanIyasattvasadbhAva iti nirAlambanAyA anukampAyA ayogAt nAto'pi jagatkaraNe prvRttiryuktaa| -sanmati tarka kI abhayadeva TIkA, pRSTha 716 98. " na ca anukampAtaH pravRttau sukhisattvaprakSayArtha pravRttiryukteti devAdInAM prlyaanuppttirbhvet| na ca samarthasya duHkhakAraNamadharmAdikamapekSya kRpAlordukhitasattvanivartanaM yuktam, kRpAparatantratayA duHkhaprade karmaNyavadhAraNopapatteH na hi kRpAlavaH paraduHkhahetutvameva icchanti paraduHkhaviyogecchayaiva teSAM sarvadA prvRtteH|" -sanmati tarka kI TIkA, pRSTha 716 na ca krIDayA api tatra tasya pravRttiryuktA krIDotpAde'pi jagadutpAdApekSayA tasyAsvAtantryopapatteH jagadutpatti-sthiti-pralayAtmakasya vicitrakrIDopAyasya tadutpattau apekssnnaat| yadi vicitrakrIDopAyotpAdane tasya prAgeva zaktiH tadA yugapad azeSajagadutpatti-sthiti-pralayAn viddhyaat| atha Adau na tatra zaktistadA azaktavAsthAyA aviziSTatvAt krameNApi na tAn vidadhyAt ekatra ekasya shktaa'shkttvlkssnnviruddhdhrmdvyaayogaat| -sanmati tarka TIkA, pRSTha 716 100. "puruSavAdinAM tu kevalasyaiva puruSasya jagatkAraNatvena abhyupagamAt tadapekSA duraapaastaiv| pRthivyAdimahAbhUtAnAM tu svahetubalAyAtA'parAparasvabhAvasadbhAnna tadutpAdyakAryasya yugapadutpattyAdidoSaH sNbhvii|" -sanmati tarka kI TIkA, 317 na ca yathA UrNanAbhaH svabhAvataH pravRtto'pi na svakAryANi yugapad nirvartayati tathA puruSo'pIti vAcyam, yata UrNanAbhasyApi prANibhakSaNalAmpaTyAt svakArye pravRttirna svabhAvataH anyathA tatrApyasya doSasya samAnatvAt na hyasau nityaikasvabhAvaH api tu svahetubalabhAvyaparAparakAdAcitkazaktimAniti tadbhAvinaH kAryasya krmprvRttiruupnnaiv| na ca yathA kathaMcit abuddhipUrvakameva puruSo jagannivartane pravartate, prAkRtapuruSAdapyevamasya hInatayA prekssaapuurvkaarinnaamnvdheyvcntaaprskteH| -sanmati tarka, abhayadeva TIkA, pRSTha 717 101.

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534 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 102. brahmasUtra, zAMkara bhASya 1.2 bhedaH 103. "akSasannipAtAnantarotthA'vikalpakapratyakSeNa hi sarvatraikatvamevA'nyAnapekSatayA jhagiti pratIyate iti tadeva vstutvsvruupm| punaravidyAsaMketasmaraNajanitavikalpapratItyA'- nyA'pekSatayA pratIyate ityasau naarthsvruupm|" - prameyakamalamArttaNDa, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 184 104. 'samAropitAdapi bhedAttadbhedavyavasthopapatteH, yathA dvaitinAM 'zirasi me vedanA pAde me vedanA' ityAtmana samAropitabhedanimittA duHkhAdibhedavyavasthA' - prameyakamalamArttaNDa, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 189 105. "kiM bhedasya pramANabAdhitatvAdabhedaH sAdhyate, abhede sAdhakapramANasadbhAvAdvA ? tatrAdyavikalpo'yuktaH pratyakSAderbhedAnukUlatayA tadbAdhakatvAyogAt / na khalu bhedamantareNa pramANetaravyavasthApi sambhAvyate / dvitIyapakSo'pyayuktaH, bhedamantareNa sAdhyasAdhakabhAvasyaivAsambhavAt / na cAbhedasAdhakaM kiMcitpramANamasti" - prameyakamalamArttaNDa, prathama vibhAga, pRSTha 190 106. prameyakamalamArttaNDa, prathama vibhAga, pRSTha 184 - 185 107. "yaccAnumAnAdapyAtmAdvaitasiddhirityuktam, tatra svataH pratibhAsamAnatvaM hetuH parato vaa| svatazcet, asiddhiH| paratazcet, viruddho'dvaite sAdhye dvaitaprasAdhanAt / " - prameyakamalamArttaNDa, prathama vibhAga, pRSTha 195 108. prameyakamalamArttaNDa, prathama vibhAga, pRSTha 185 109. prameyakamalamArttaNDa, prathama vibhAga, pRSTha 185 110. 'UrNanAbho hi na svabhAvataH pravartate ... prANibhakSaNalAmpadyAtpratiniyatahetusambhUtatapravartate ... prANibhakSaNalAmpaTyAtpratiniyatahetusambhUtata kAdAcitkAt' - prameyakamalamArttaNDa, prathama vibhAga, pRSTha 197 111. " na cAgamaprAmANyavAdinA arthavAdasya praamaannymbhipretmtiprsNgaat| Atmaiva hi sakalalokasargasthitipralayaheturityapyasambhAvyam; advaitaikAnte kAryakAraNabhAva-virodhAt tasya dvaitaavinaabhaavitvaat|" - prameyakamalamArttaNDa, prathama vibhAga, pRSTha 196 112. 'klezakarmavipAkAzayairaparAmRSTaH puruSavizeSa Izvara: / ' - yogasUtra 1 . 24 113. 'etadupahitaM caitanyaM sarvajJatvasarvezvaratvasarvaniyantRtvAdiguNakamavyaktamantaryAmI jagatkAraNamIzvara iti / ' - vedAntasAra, sAhitya bhaNDAra, meraTha, san 2000, sUtra 38, pRSTha78

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 535 114. nyAyasUtra 4.1.19 115. nyAyasUtra 4.1.21 ke vAtsyAyana bhASya meM 116. nyAyakusumAMjali, stabaka 5, zloka 1 117. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, dvitIya zrutaskandha, prathama adhyayana, sUtra 660 118. "se jahANAmae gaMDe siyA sarIre jAte sarIre vuDDe sarIre abhisamaNNAgate sarIrameva abhibhUya citttthti| evAmeva dhammA vi purisAdIyA jAva purisameva abhibhUya citttthti|" -sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, dvitIya zrutaskandha, prathama adhyana, 660 119. draSTavya sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 2.1.660 120. "sarvamIzvarakaSakamityatrAbhyupagame kimasAvIzvaraH svata evAparAn kriyAsu pravartate utApareNa preritaH? tatra yadyAdyaH pakSastadA tadvadanyeSAmapi svata eva kriyAsu pravRttirbhaviSyati kimantargaDunezvaraparikalpanena? athAsAvapyaparapreritaH, so'pyapareNa so'pyaperaNetyevamanavasthAlatA nabhomaNDalamAlinI prsrpti|" -sUtrakRtAMga, zrutaskandha 2, adhyayana1, sUtra 11 kI zIlAMka TIkA 121. "kiMca asAvIzvaro mahApuruSatayA vItarAgatopetaH sannekAnnarakayogyAsu kriyAsu pravartayatyaparAMstu svargApavargayogyAsviti? atha te pUrvazubhAzubhAcaritodayAdeva tathAvidhAsu kriyAsu pravartante, sa tu nimittamAtram, tadapi na yuktisaMgataM, yataH prAktanAzubhapravartanamapi tdaayttmev|" -sUtrakRtAMga, zrutaskandha 2, adhyAya 1, sUtra 11 kI zIlAMka TIkA 122. "atha tadapi prAktanamanyena prAktanatareNa kAritamiti, evamanAdihetuparampareti, evaM ca sati tata eva zubhAzubhe sthAne bhaviSyataH kimiishvrpriklpnen|" ___-sUtrakRtAMga, dvitIya zrutaskandha, pahalA adhyayana sUtra 11 kI zIlAMka TIkA 123. sarva tanubhuvanakaraNAdikaM buddhimatkAraNapUrvakaM saMsthAnavizeSatvAt devakulAdivaditi, etadapi na yuktisaMgataM, yata etadapi sAdhanaM na bhavadabhipretamIzvaraM sAdhayati, tena sAdhaM vyAptyasiddheH devakulAdike dRSTAnte'nIzvarasyaiva kartRtvenAbhyupagamAt, na ca saMsthAnazabdapravRttimAtreNa sarvasya buddhimatkAraNapUrvakatvaM sidhyati, anyathA'nupapattilakSaNasya sAdhyasAdhanayoH pratibandhasyAbhAvAt athAvinAbhAvamantareNaiva saMsthAnamAtradarzanAtsAdhyasiddhiH syAd, evaM ca satyatiprasaMga: syAt uktaM ca - "anyathA kumbhakAreNa, mRdvikArasya ksycit| ghaTAdeH karaNAtsiddhayedvalmIkasyApi ttkRtiH|" - sUtrakRtAMga, dvitIya zrutaskandha, adhyayana 1, sUtra 11 kI TIkA

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536 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 124. na cezvarakartRtve jagadvaicitryaM sidhyati, tsyaikruuptvaadityuktpraaymiti| AtmAdvaitapakSa- stvatyantamayuktisaMgatatvAnnAzrayaNIyaH, tathAhi tatra na pramANaM na prameyaM na pratipAdyaM na pratipAdako na heturna dRSTAnto na tadAbhAso bhedenAvagamyate, sarvasyaiva jagat ekatvaM syAd Atmano'bhinnatvAt, tadabhAve ca kaH kena pratipAdyate? ityapraNayanameva zAstrasya, AtmanazcaikatvAttatkAryamapyekAkArameva syAdityato nirhetukaM jgdvaicitryN|"-suutrkRtaaNg, dvitIya zrutaskandha, adhyAya 1, sUtra 11 kI TIkA 125. "ayama ca doSa IzvaravAdinAmapi samAna iti|"-snmti tarka kI TIkA, pRSTha 716 126. yadi asau anugrahapravRttastadA sarvamekAntasukhinaM prANigaNaM vidadhyAt ityuktm|" -sanmati tarka kI TIkA, pRSTha 716 127. "zaktisvAbhAvyAt karaNe utpatti-sthityupasaMhArAn jagato yugapat kuryaat|" -sanmati tarka kI TIkA, pRSTha 716 128. sanmati tarka kI TIkA pRSTha 716 129. "atha na krIDAdyarthA bhagavataH pravRttiH kintu pRthivyAdimahAbhUtAnAM yathA svakAryeSu svabhAvata eva pravRttistathA IzvarasyApi iti, ayuktametataH evaM hi tadvayApAramAtrabhAvinAmazeSabhAvAnAM yugapad bhAvo bhavet avikalakAraNatvAt sahakAryapekSA'pi na nityasya saMgatA ityuktm|"-snmti tarka kI TIkA pRSTha 716 130. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, dvitIya bhAga, pRSTha 99-100 131. 'tattrayameva kArakaprayuktiM pratyaMgaM na shriiretrtaa|' -prameyakamalamArtaNDa, dvitIya vibhAga, pRSTha 103 132. "yaccedamuktam-, jJAnacikIrSAprayatnAdhAratA hi kartRtA na sazarIretaratA; __ ityapyasaMgatam, zarIrAbhAve tdaadhaartvsyaapysNbhvaanmuktaatmvt| teSAM khalutpatau AtmA samavAyikAraNam AtmamanaH saMyogo'samavAyikAraNam, zarIrAdikaM nimittkaarnnm| na ca kAraNatrayAbhAve kaaryotpttirnbhyupgmaat|" ___ -prameyakamalamArtaNDa, dvitIya bhAga, pRSTha 127 133. nanu kSityAdisAmagrIprabhaveSu sthAvarAdiSu buddhimato'bhAvAdagrahaNaM bhAveSyanupalabdhilakSaNaprApta- tvAdvA iti saMdigdho vyatirekaH kAryatvasyA" ___-prameyakamalamArtaNDa, dvitIya vibhAga, pRSTha102 134. ityapyapezalaMm, sklaanumaanocchedprsNgaat| yatra hi vaDheradarzane dhUmoM dRzyate tatra 'kiM vahveradarzanamabhAvAdanupalabdhilakSaNaprAptatvAdvA' ityasyApi

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 537 sandigdhavyatirekatvAnna gmktvm| yathA sAmagryA dhUmo janyamAno dRSTastAM nAtivarttate ityanyatrApi samAnam- kArya kartRkaraNAdipUrvakaM kathaM tadatikramya vrtetaatiprsNgaat|" -prameyakamalamArtaNDa, dvitIya bhAga, pRSTha 102 135. "tasya kAraNatvamAtreNaivAvinAbhAvanizcayAt, dhUmamAtrasyAgnimAtreNAvinAbhAva nishcyvt| ghaTAdilakSaNakAryavizeSasya tu kAraNavizeSeNAvinAbhAvAvagamaH cAndanAdidhUmavizeSasyAgnivizeSeNAvinAbhAvAvagamavat-prameyakamalamArtaNDa, dvitIya bhAga, pRSTha 121 136. "adRSTaM cetanAdhiSThitaM kArye prvrtte'cetntvaattntvaadivt|" ___-prameyakamalamArtaNDa, dvitIya bhAga, pRSTha 106 137. "tathA vArtikakAreNApi pramANadvayaM tatsiddhaye'bhyadhAyi- mahAbhUtAdi vyakta cetanAdhiSThitaM prANinAM sukha-duHkhanimittaM ruupaadimttvaatturyaadivt| tathA pRthivyAdIni mahAbhUtAni buddhimatkAraNAdhiSThitAni svAsu dhAraNAdyAsu kriyAsu prvrttnte'nitytvaadvaasyaadivt|" -prameyakamalamArtaNDa, dvitIya bhAga, pRSTha 106 138. "acetanavaccetanasyApi cetanAntarAdhiSThitasya viSTikarmakarAdivat pravRttyupalambhAt, mahezvarepyadhiSThAtR cetanAntaraM priklpniiym|" -prameyakamalamArtaNDa, dvitIya bhAga, pRSTha 128 139. 'adRSTApekSasyAsya kAryakartRtve tatkRtopakAro'vazyaMbhAvI anupkaarksyaapekssaayogaat| tasya cAto bhede sNbNdhaasmbhvH| sambandhakalpanAyAM caanvsthaa|' -prameyakamalamArtaNDa, dvitIya bhAga, pRSTha 135 140. shkaaritvsyaikkaarykaaritvlkssnntvaat| ityapyasAmpratam, sahakArisavyapekSo hi kAryajananasvabhAvaH tasyAdRSTAdisahakArisannidhAnAdyadi prAgapyasti tadottarakAlabhAvi sakalakAryotpattistadaiva syaat| tathAhi yadyadA yajjananasamartha tattadA tajjanayatyava yathAntyAvasthAprAptaM bIjamaMkuram, prAgapyuttarakAlabhAvisakalakAryajanana- samarthazcaikasvabhAva- tayAbhyupagato mahezvara iti| tadA tadajanane vA tjjnnsaamrthyaabhaavH| -prameyakamalamArtaNDa, dvitIya bhAga, pRSTha 136 141. tajjananasamarthasvabhAvopyasau sahakArya'bhAvAttathA tanna jnyti| -prameyakamalamArtaNDa, dvitIya bhAga, pRSTha 136 142. 'ityapi vArtam, smrthsvbhaavsyaapraapekssaa'yogaat| 'samarthasvabhAvazcAparApekSazca' iti viruddhmett'| -prameyakamalamArtaNDa, dvitIya bhAga, pRSTha 136 143. sAMkhyakArikA, kArikA 56 para tattva kaumudI

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538 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 144. nezvarAdhiSThita-prakRtikRtaH nirvyaapaarsyaadhisstthaatRtvaasmbhvaad| na hi nirvyApArastakSA vaasyaadydhitisstthiti| -sAMkhyatattvakaumudI kArikA 56 145. "na hyavAptasakalepsitasya bhagavato jagat sRjataH kimapyabhilaSitaM bhvti|" -sAMkhyatattvakaumudI, kArikA 57 146. "nApi kAruNyAdasya sarge pravRttiH prAk sargAjjIvAnAmindriyazarIraviSayAnutpattau duHkhAbhAvena kasya prahANecchA kaarunnym| sargotarakAlaM duHkhino'valokya kAruNyAbhyupagame duruttaramitaretarAzrayatvam-kAruNyena sRSTiH sRSTyA ca kAruNyam iti|" -sAMkhyatattvakaumudI, kArikA 57 147. api ca karuNayA prerita IzvaraH sukhina eva jantUn sRjenna vicitraan| karmavaicitryAdvaicitryam iti cet-kRtamasya prekSAvata: karmAdhiSThAnena" -sAMkhyatattvakaumudI, kArikA, 57 148. anyayogavyavaccheda-dvAtriMzikA, zloka 6 149. "urvIparvatatatarvAdikaM sarva, buddhimatkartRkaM, kAryatvAt, yad yat kArya tat tatsarva buddhimatkartRkaM, yathA- ghaTaH tathA cedaM, tasmAt tthaa| vyatireke vyomaadi| yazca buddhimAMstatkartA sa bhagavAnIzvara eveti|" -syAdvAdamaMjarI, zloka 6 kI TIkA, pRSTha 28 150. "sa cAyaM jaganti sRjan sazarIro'zarIro vA syAt? sazarIro'pi kimasmadAdivad dRzyazarIraviziSTaH, uta pizAcAdivadadRzyazarIra viziSTaH? prathamapakSe prtykssbaadhH|" -syAdvAdamaMjarI, pRSTha 32 151. "punaradRzyazarIratve tasya mAhAtmyavizeSaH kaarnnm.........itretraashrydossaaptteshc| siddhe hi mAhAtmyavizeSe tasyAdRzyazarIratvam prtyetvym| tatsiddhau ca maahaatmyvishesssiddhiriti|" -syAdvAdamaMjarI, pRSTha 33 152. "azarIrazcet tadA dRssttaantdaarttaantikyovaissmym| ghaTAdayo hi kAryarUpAH sazarIrakartRkA dRssttaaH|" -syAdvAdamaMjarI, pRSTha 33 153. "tasmAt sazarIrAzarIralakSaNe pakSadvaye'pi kAryatvahetopptyasiddhiH" -syAdvAdamaMjarI, pRSTha 33 154, "sa caika iti| ca punrrthe| sa punaH-puruSavizeSaH, ekaH advitiiyH| bahUnAM hi vizvavidhAtRtvasvIkAre parasparavimatisaMbhAvanAyA anivAryatvAd ekaikasya vastuno'nyAnya- rUpatayA nirmANe sarvamasamaMjasamApadyeta iti|" / -syAdvAdamaMjarI, pRSTha 30

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158. puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 539 155. "naaymekaantH| anekakITikAzataniSpAdyatve'pi zakramUlaH, anekazilpikalpitatve'pi prasAdAdInAM, naikasaraghAnirvatitatve'pi madhucchatrAdInAM caikarUpatAyA avigaanenoplmbhaat| athaiteSvapyeka evezvaraH karteti bruusse| evaM ced bhavato bhavAnIpatiM prati niSpratimA vAsanA, tarhi kuvindakumbhakArAditiraskAreNa paTaghaTAdInAmapi kartA sa eva kiM na klpyte|" -syAdvAdamaMjarI, pRSTha 34 156. "tasmAd vaimatyabhayAd maheziturekatvakalpanA bhojanAdivyayabhayAt kRpaNasyAtyantavallabha-putrakalatrAdiparityajanena shuunyaarnnyaaniisevnmivaabhaaste|" __ -syAdvAdamaMjarI, pRSTha 34 157. "tathA sa sarvaga iti| sarvatra gacchatIti srvgH-srvvyaapii| tasya hi pratiniyatadezavarti- tve'niyatadezavRttInAM vizvatrayAntarvartipadArthasArthAnAM ythaavnnirmaannaanuppttiH| kumbhakArAdiSu tathA drshnaad| athavA sarva gacchati jAnAtIti sarvagaH-sarvajJaH "sarve gatyarthA jJAnArthAH" iti vcnaat| sarvajJatvabhAvehi yathocitopAdAnakAraNAdhanabhijJatvAd anurUpakAryotpattirna syaat|" -syAdvAdamaMjarI, pRSTha 30 "tathA sarvagatatvamapi tasya noppnnm| taddhi zarIrAtmanA, jJAnAtmanA vA syAt? prathamapakSe tadIyenaiva dehena jagattryasya vyAptatvAd itrnirmeypdaarthaanaamaashryaanvkaashH| .....yadi paramevaM bhavatpramANIkRtena vedena virodhH| tatra hi zarIrAtmanA sarvagatatvamuktam- "vizvatazcakSuruta vizvato mukho vizvataH pANiruta vizvataH pAt" ityAdi zruteH" -syAdvAdamaMjarI, pRSTha 34 159. "tathA sa svavaza:- * svatantraH sakalaprANinAM svecchayA sukhduHkhyornubhaavnsmrthtvaat|" -syAdvAdamaMjarI, pRSTha 30 160. pAratantrye tu tasya paramukhaprekSitayA mukhyakartRtvavyAghAt aniishvrtvaapttiH| -syAdvAdamaMjarI, pRSTha 30 161. "sa hi yadi nAma svAdhInaH san vizvaM vidhatte, paramakAruNikazca tvayA varNyate, tat kathaM sukhitaduHkhitAdyavasthAbhedavRndasthapuTitaM ghaTayati bhuvanam ekAntazarmasaMpatkAntameva tu kiM na nirmimIte? atha janmAntaropArjitatattattadIya zubhAzubhakarmapreritaH san tathA karotIti dattastarhi svavazatvAya jlaaNjliH|" -syAdvAdamaMjarI, pRSTha 39 162. syAdvAdamaMjarI, pRSTha 42 163. vyAkhyAprajJapti, zataka 12, uddezaka 5, sUtra 11 164. vyAkhyAprajJapti zataka 7, uddezaka 1

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540 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 165. uttarAdhyayana sUtra 20.37 166. AcArAMga sUtra 1.1.1.5 167. AcArAMga sUtra 1.5.2. sUtra 152 168. amarakoza, dvitIya kANDa, brahma varga, zloka 62 169. agni purANa, uddhRta 'zrI jaina divAkara smRti grantha pRSTha 505 170. (a) vaizeSika sUtra 1.1.2 (ba) "yaH syAt prabhavasaMyuktaH sa dharma iti nizcayaH' ___ -mahAbhArata, zAnti parva. adhyayana 109.10 171. chAndogyopaniSad, 2.23 172. mahAbhArata, anuzAsana parva 115.1 173. mahAbhArata, vana parva, 313.76 174. manusmRti 1.108 175. nAradasmRti, uddhRta 'puruSArtha catuSTayaH dArzanika anuzIlana' pRSTha 126 176. mahAbhArata zAnti parva, adhyAya 167.12, 14 177. 'kAmastadagre samavartatAdhi manaso reta: prathamaM yadAsIt' -Rgveda 10.129.4 178. trividhA bhavati zraddhA dehinAM sA svbhaavjaa| sAtvikI rAjasI caiva tAmasI ceti tAM shrRnnu|| -gItA 17.2 179. brahma bindu, upaniSad, maMtra 2 180. gItA 14.20 181. jJAnArNava 3.4 uddhRta jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga tRtIya, pRSTha 70 182. uttarAdhyayana, adhyayana 3, gAthA 1 183. 'suiM ca labhuM saddhaM ca vIriyaM puNa dullaha' - uttarAdhyayana 3.10 184. 'se NaM bhaMte! saMjame kiM phale?-aNaNhayaphale" -sthAnAMga sUtra sthAna 3, uddezaka 3, sUtra 418 185. cauvvihe saMjame paNNatte taMjahA- maNasaMjame, vaisaMjame, kAyasaMjame, uvgrnnsNjme| -sthAnAMgasUtra, sthAna 4, uddezaka 2, sUtra 351 For Private & Personal. Use Only

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puruSavAda aura puruSakAra 541 186. cauvvidhe ciyAe paNNatte taMjahA- maNaciyAe, vaiciyAe, kAyaciyAe, uvgrnnciyaae| -sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna 4, uddezaka 2, sUtra 352 187. AcArAMga 1.5.2.155 188. AcArAMga 1.4.4.143 189. AcArAMga 1.2.1.68 190. sUtrakRtAMga 1.2.1.99 191. sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.1.1 192. sUtrakRtAMga 1.2.2.135 193. nANaM ca daMsaNaM ceva carittaM ca tavo thaa| vIriyaM uvaogo ya evaM jIvassa lkkhnnN|| -uttarAdhyayana 28.11 194. vyAkhyAprajJapti, zataka 20, uddezaka 3, sUtra 1 195. "haM tA goyamA! jIve NaM sauTThANe sakamme sabale savIrie sapurisakkAraparakkame AyabhAveNaM jIvabhAvaM uvadaMsetIti vattavvaM siyaa|" -vyAkhyAprajJapti, zataka 2, uddezaka 10, sUtra 9(1) 196. vyAkhyAprajJapti, zataka 14, uddezaka 5, sUtra 10 se 20 197. vyAkhyAprajJapti, zataka 12, uddezaka 5, sUtra 11 198. sthAnAMga, sthAna 2, uddezaka 1, sUtra 107 199. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, adhyayana 18.33 200. sUtrakRtAMga 1.2.1.13 201. sUtrakRtAMga 1.2.2.15 202. vyAkhyAprajJapti, zataka 1, uddezaka 8, sUtra 11 203. pamAyaM kammamAhaMsu, appamAyaM thaa'vrN| tabmAvAdesato vA vi, bAlaM paMDitameva vaa|| -sUtrakRtAMga 1.8.3 204. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, adhyayana 29 205. uttarAdhyayana sUtra 30.6 206. AcArAMga sUtra 1.3.1 sUtra 108

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542 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 207. AcArAMga sUtra 1.4.2 sUtra 142 208. AcArAMga sUtra 1.2.1 sUtra 68 209. AcArAMga sUtra 1.4.1 sUtra 133 210. vyAkhyAprajJapti, zataka 1, uddezaka 3, sUtra 9 (5) 211. sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna 4, uddezaka 4, sUtra 603 212. vyAkhyAprajJapti, zataka 1, uddezaka 3, sUtra 9 (5) 213. vyAkhyAprajJapti, zataka 1, uddezaka 3, sUtra 10(3) se (13) taka 214. sanmati tarka 3.52 215. (1) atharvaveda 19.6.4 (2) Rgveda 10.4.90.2 216. taittirIyopaniSad, brahmavallI, anuvAka 1 217. gItA 7.10 218. nyAyakusumAMjali, stabaka 5, zloka 1 219. anyayogavyavaccheda-dvAtriMzikA, zloka 6 220. vyAkhyAprajJapti zataka 12, uddezaka 4, sUtra 11 221. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 18.33 222. AcArAMga sUtra 1.4.1.133

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saptama adhyAya jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya utthApanikA jaina darzana anekAntavAdI darzana hai| usake anusAra vastu anekAntAtmaka hai tathA use kathaMcit ananta dharmAtmaka bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vastu ko samagra rUpa se jAnanA sabake lie saMbhava nahIM hai| isalie jaina dArzanikoM ne use vividha dRSTikoNoM se jAnane ke lie nayavAda kA siddhAnta diyaa| naya ko paribhASita karate hue saMkSepa meM kahA gayA hai- 'jJAturabhiprAyavizeSo nayaH' arthAt jJAtA kA abhiprAya vizeSa naya hai| jJAtA kisa dRSTikoNa se jAna rahA hai, yaha hI nayavAda kA mUla hai| nayavAda ke kAraNa jaina dArzanika dravyArthika naya kI apekSA se jisa vastu ko nitya pratipAdita karate haiM, use hI ve paryAyArthika naya kI apekSA se anitya nirUpita karate haiN| anekAntAtmaka hone se vastu nityAnityAtmaka hai aura nayavAda ke dvArA use kathaMcit nitya evaM kathaMcit anitya pratipAdita kiyA jAtA hai| naya kA prayoga jAnane aura kathana karane donoM meM hotA hai| isalie nayoM kI saMkhyA asImita ho sakatI hai| siddhasena divAkara (5vIM zatI) ke zabdoM meM jAvaiyA vayaNapahA tAvaiyA ceva honti nnyvaayaa|' ___ arthAt jitane vacana mArga hote haiM utane nayavAda hote haiN| yadyapi jainAcAryoM ne vacana mArga ke AdhAra para saptabhaMgI naya kA vivecana kiyA hai aura jAnane ke abhiprAya ke AdhAra para naigama naya, saMgraha naya, vyavahAra naya, RjusUtra naya, zabda naya, samabhiruDha naya aura evaMbhUta naya- ina sAta nayoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| kintu nayoM kI saMkhyA naigama Adi sAta nayoM taka hI sImita nahIM kI jA sktii| ina nayoM ke bhI aneka bhedopabheda saMbhava haiN| mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ne pA~cavIM zatI I. meM dvAdazAranayacakra nAmaka grantha kI racanA kara vidhi, vidhi-vidhi, vidhyubhaya Adi 12 aroM ke mAdhyama se nayoM kA sarvathA nRtana dRSTikoNa ke sAtha nirUpaNa kiyA hai, jisameM unhoMne usa samaya pracalita dArzanika siddhAntoM kA samAveza karane kA anUThA upakrama kiyA hai| sAMkhya, mImAMsA, vaizeSika, bauddha Adi darzanoM kA prAcIna vivecana isa grantha kI vizeSatA hai| 'dvAdazAranayacakra' nAmaka isa grantha ke dvitIya 'vidhividhyara' meM puruSavAda, niyativAda, kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda evaM bhAvavAda kI carcA hai| tRtIya ara 'vidhyubhaya' meM

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544 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa puruSavAda kA vizeSa nirUpaNa evaM nirasana hai / isa grantha kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki isameM puruSavAda kA niyativAda ke dvArA, niyativAda kA kAlavAda ke dvArA, kAlavAda kA svabhAvavAda ke dvArA, svabhAvavAda kA bhAvavAda ke dvArA evaM phira puruSavAda kA bhI nirasana kiyA gayA hai| yaha nirasana vividha siddhAntoM ke ekAntavAda ko utpATita kara unakI kathaMcit kAraNatA ko aMgIkAra karatA hai| AThavIM navIM zatI meM vidyAnandi (775-840 I.) dvArA racita tattvArthazlokavArtika meM nayoM kI vizeSa carcA hai, jo naya ke svarUpa, bhedoM evaM unake mahattva se saMvalita hai| amRtacandrAcArya ne pravacanasAra kI tattvapradIpikA TIkA ke anta meM dravyanaya, paryAyanaya, astitvanaya, nAstitvanaya, avaktavyanaya, kAlanaya, svabhAvanaya, niyatinaya, daivanaya, puruSakAranaya Adi 47 nayoM kA ullekha kara pratyeka kA saMkSepa meM svarUpa bhI nirUpita kiyA hai| dazavIM zatI se terahavIM zatI ke madhya mAilladhavala dvArA viracita 'dravyasvabhAvaprakAzaka nayacakra' grantha bhI atyadhika mahattvapUrNa hai jisameM kAla, niyati, puruSavAda Adi kA to vivecana nahIM hai, kintu paryAya - vivecana ke antargata svabhAvaparyAya evaM vibhAva paryAya kI carcA mahattvapUrNa hai, jisase svabhAva ke svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa hotA hai| devasena dvArA racita 'nayacakra' evaM 'AlApapaddhati' nAmaka racanAe~ bhI jainadarzana ke naya-viSayaka cintana para prakAza DAlatI haiN| isa prakAra jainadarzana meM nayasiddhAnta eka satyAnveSI siddhAnta hai, jisameM AdarapUrvaka anya matoM ko bhI kathaMcit mahattva dekara pArasparika virodha kA zamana kiyA gayA hai| paMca kAraNa samavAya ke prathama praNetA : siddhasena divAkara jaina darzana kI anekAntavAda, nayavAda aura syAdvAda kI paddhati ke kAraNa yathArtha ke anveSaNa, grahaNa aura kathana kI pravRtti jaina darzana kI eka maulika evaM anamola nidhi bana gii| jaina dArzanikoM ne nayavAda ke AdhAra para jaina darzana ko vistAra pradAna kiyaa| paMca samavAya kA siddhAnta bhI unakI isI pravRtti kA sUcaka hai| jainAgamoM meM paMca samavAya nAmaka kisI siddhAnta kA kahIM bhI pratipAdana nahIM huA hai| kintu jaina darzana kI samanvayAtmaka nayadRSTi ke kAraNa kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta kI vyAkhyA meM kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSa / puruSakAra kA samAveza eka krAntikArI kadama hai| jaina darzana mUlataH puruSArthavAdI darzana hai, AtmasvAtantryavAdI darzana hai tathA AtmA ke kartRtva aura bhoktRtva ko mukhyatA pradAna karane ke sAtha baMdhana aura mokSa kA uttaradAyitva bhI AtmA ko hI sauMpatA hai, tathApi vyApaka, khulI evaM satyAnveSI naya dRSTi ke kAraNa jaina dArzanikoM ne kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta meM kAla, svabhAva, niyati evaM

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 545 pUrvakRta karma ko bhI yathocita sthAna diyA hai| AgamoM meM yatra-tatra inakI kAraNatA kI kathaMcit puSTi bhI hotI hai jisakI carcA Age kI jaayegii| kintu isa kSetra meM sarvaprathama zreya pramukha dArzanika siddhasena divAkara ko jAtA hai jinhoMne kAla Adi pA~ca kI kAraNatA ko jaina darzana meM sthAna diyaa| unhoMne nimnAMkita padya meM pA~ca kAraNoM kI gaNanA kI kAlo sahAva NiyaI puvvakayaM purise kAraNegaMtA / micchataM te ceva u, samAsao hoMti sammattaM / / siddhasena divAkara ne kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma evaM puruSa kI ekAnta kAraNatA ko mithyAtva kahA hai tathA inakI sammilita kAraNatA ko samyaktva kahA hai| isakA tAtparya hai ki unhoMne apane kathana meM nayavAda kA upayoga kiyA hai| nayavAda ekAntavAda nahIM hai, apitu isameM kisI eka ko pradhAna evaM anya ko gauNa mAnakara bhI satya kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai| siddhasena divAkara jaina darzana ke krAntikArI dArzanika the| unhoMne anekAntavAda, syAdvAda aura nayavAda kI sthApanA meM agraNI dArzanika ke rUpa meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna kiyaa| ve zvetAmbara paramparA ke pratinidhi dArzanika the| digambara paramparA meM AcArya samantabhadra ne bhI isI prakAra kA kArya kiyaa| ve bhI svayaMbhUstotra, AptamImAMsA, yuktyanuzAsana Adi kRtiyoM ke mAdhyama se anekAntavAda, syAdvAda evaM nayavAda kI sthApanA meM yuktipUrvaka lage rahe, kintu unhoMne kAla Adi pA~ca kI kAraNatA ke saMbaMdha meM apanI kRtiyoM meM koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| siddhasena ke pazcAt haribhadrasUri ( 700- 770 IsvIM zatI), zIlAMkAcArya (9-10vIM zatI), abhayadevasUri (10vIM zatI), malladhArI rAjazekhara sUri (1213vIM zatI), upAdhyAya vinayavijaya ( 17vIM zatI) evaM upAdhyAya yazovijaya ( 17vIM zatI) ne bhI apanI kRtiyoM meM kAla Adi pA~ca tattvoM kI kAraNatA ko jaina darzana meM sthAna diyA hai| vartamAna meM jaina dharma kI digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM paramparAoM meM kAla Adi kI kAraNatA ko 'paMca samavAya' ke rUpa meM aMgIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| 'paMca samavAya' zabda kA prathama prayoga paMca samavAya kA artha hai kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma evaM puruSArtha / puruSa - ina pA~coM kA samavAya / kAlAdi pA~coM kA samavAya cetana jIva ke kisI bhI kArya meM kAraNa hotA hai, yaha mAnyatA hI jaina darzana meM 'paMca samavAya' siddhAnta ke rUpa meM jAnI jAtI hai| yadyapi kAla Adi kAraNatA kI carcA siddhasenasUri evaM unake uttaravartI

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546 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa AcAryoM ke sAhitya meM hotI rahI hai, tathApi 'paMca samavAya' nAmakaraNa kA astitva prAcIna vAGmaya meM prApta nahIM hotaa| 'paMca samavAya' zabda kA prayoga 19vIM zatI meM hI prayukta hotA huA dRSTigocara hotA hai| sthAnakavAsI sampradAya ke tilokaRSi (vi.saM. 1930) ke kAvya meM yaha zabda prasiddha ho cukA thaa| ve kahate haiM paMca samavAya milyA hota hai kAraja saba eka samavAya milyA kAraja na hoie / paMca samavAya mAne so hI samadRSTi jIva / anubho lagAya dUra dRSTi kara joie / / tilokaRSi jI ne paMca samavAya ko pratyeka kArya meM kAraNa pratipAdita kiyA hai tathA yaha bhI kahA hai ki vahI jIva samyagdRSTi hotA hai jo pA~ca samavAya ke siddhAnta ko svIkAra karatA hai| tilokaRSi jI ke isa kathana meM siddhasenasUri kA vahI vAkya pratidhvanita ho rahA hai, jisameM kahA gayA hai- 'micchattaM te ceva, samAsao hoMti sammattaM' arthAt kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, niyativAda, pUrvakRtakarmavAda evaM puruSavAda meM jahA~ eka-eka kAraNavAda apane ApameM mithyAtva ke sUcaka haiM vahA~ ve sabhI milakara samyaktva kA svarUpa grahaNa kara lete haiM / siddhasenasUri kI isa dRSTi ko jainAcAryoM ne nirantara pallavita evaM puSpita kiyA jo 19vIM 20vIM zatI meM sudRr3ha vRkSa kI bhA~ti phala-phUloM se sampanna bana gyaa| 19vIM evaM 20vIM zatI meM 'paMca samavAya' siddhAnta jaina mata meM anekAntavAda kI bhA~ti prasiddha ho gayA / samprati jainadarzana ke kAraNa kArya siddhAnta meM paMca samavAya kI carcA aparihArya bana gaI hai| siddhasena, haribhadra, abhayadeva, zIlAMka kI paramparA ko punarjIvita yA sudRr3ha karane meM 17vIM zatI ke dArzanika upAdhyAya yazovijaya evaM unake samakAlIna upAdhyAya vinayavijaya kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| upAdhyAya yazovijaya ne haribhadrasUri ke 'zAstravArtAsamuccaya' para TIkA likhate samaya kAla Adi pA~ca kAraNoM kA samanvaya sthApita kiyA hai tathA upAdhyAya vinayavijaya ne pA~ca kAraNoM para stavana kI racanA kI hai, jo samprati upalabdha hai| paMca samavAya kI pratiSThA unnIsavIM-bIsavIM zatI meM sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke saMta zrI tilokaRSi ne kAlavAdI Adi pA~ca vAdiyoM ke siddhAntoM kA nirUpaNa hindI ke savaiyA chanda meM karake

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 547 una pA~coM vAdoM kA samanvaya bhI sthApita kiyA hai tathA use 'paMcasamavAya' nAma diyA hai, jaisI ki pahale carcA kI gaI hai| zatAvadhAnI ratnacandra jI mahArAja ne bhI kAraNa saMvAda nAma se kAla Adi pA~ca kAraNavAdoM kA samanvaya nATaka ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| isameM rAjA, maMtrI, kAlavAdI, svabhAvavAdI, niyativAdI, pUrvakRta karmavAdI aura puruSArthavAdI ko pAtra banAyA gayA hai| jinakA pArasparika saMvAda atirocaka hai| kAnajI svAmI (20vIM zatI) ne kAlanaya, svabhAvanaya, niyatinaya, pUrvakRtakarmanaya, aura puruSArthanaya ke AdhAra para 'paMcasamavAya' siddhAnta kA vizada nirUpaNa kiyA hai| jainAgama evaM uttarakAlIna vAGmaya kA adhyayana karane para jJAta hotA hai ki jaina darzana meM kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRtakarma, puruSa/puruSArtha meM pratyeka kI kathaMcit kAraNatA svIkAra kI gaI hai| jaina paramparA meM ina pA~coM kAraNoM kA samavAya mAnya hai| kAla Adi meM se kisI eka kI kAraNatA ko hI na mAnakara sabakI kAraNatA ko yathocita sthAna diyA gayA hai| yahA~ para pA~coM kI kAraNatA ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| pA~coM kA samanvaya karane ke pUrva kAla Adi pratyeka kI kAraNatA para vicAra prastuta hai jaina darzana meM kAla kI kAraNatA sabhI dravyoM ke pariNamana meM kAla kI kAraNatA jaina darzana meM dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, pudgalAstikAya aura jIvAstikAya ke paryAya-pariNamana meM kAla ko kAraNa aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha sabhI dravyoM ke paryAya pariNamana meM samAna rUpa se kAraNa hai| gommaTasAra-jIvakANDa meM nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI kahate haiM vattaNahedU kAlo vattaNaguNamavi ya dvvnnicyesu| kAlAdhAreNeva ya vaTTati hu svvdvvaanni||" vartana hetu vAlA kAla hai| dravyoM meM parivartana guNa hote hue bhI kAla ke AdhAra se sarva dravya vartana karate haiN| kAla ke jainadarzana meM do prakAra nirUpita haiM- 1. paramArtha yA nizcaya kAla 2. vyavahAra kaal| paramArtha kAla sampUrNa loka meM vyApta hai jabaki vyavahAra kAla aDhAI dvIpa (jambUdvIpa, dhAtakIkhaNDa, arddhapuSkara dvIpa) meM hI mAnA gayA hai| kAlagaNanA meM yaha vyavahAra kAla hI upayogI hotA hai| AgamoM meM sabhI gaNanAe~ vyavahAra kAla ke AdhAra para kI gaI haiN| vyavahAra kAla kArya ke hone meM sthUla nimitta ho sakatA hai, kintu

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548 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa paramArthakAla sUkSma rUpa se sarvatra sAdhAraNa nimitta hai aura yahI SaD dravyoM ke paryAyapariNamana evaM vartanA meM pramukha nimitta hai| kAla ke kAryoM kA kathana tattvArthasUtra meM isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai 'vartanA pariNAmaH kriyA paratvAparatve ca kAlasya" vartanA, pariNAma, kriyA aura paratva-aparatva kAla ke kArya haiN| vartana ko paramArthakAla kA aura pariNAma, kriyA, paratva-aparatva ko vyavahAra kAla kA kArya mAnA jA sakatA hai| pratyeka padArtha utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya ke rUpa meM jo nirantara parivartanazIla hotA rahatA hai, vaha vartanA hai| yaha vartana loka-aloka meM vyApta hone se paramArtha kAla kA kArya hai| vyavahAra meM kAla kI kAraNatA loka meM dRSTigata kArya hI vyavahAra kAla ke anumApaka banate haiN| "davvaparivaTTarUvo pariNAmAdIlakkho jo so kAlo havai vavahAro' arthAt jo dravyoM ke parivartana meM sahAyaka tathA pariNAmAdi lakSaNa vAlA hai, vaha vyavahArakAla hai| dravyoM ke parivartana se tAtparya jIva va pudgala kI jIrNa evaM nUtana paryAya se hai aura pariNAmAdi se tAtparya pariNAma, kriyA, paratva-aparatva se hai| pariNAma jaise miTTI kI kumbha ke rUpa meM, suvarNa kI mukuTa-kalaza ke rUpa meM pariNati, kriyA jaise dravya kA halana, calana tathA para-apara arthAt pUrvabhAvI pazcAdbhAvI rUpa se vyavahAra kAla vyavahRta hotA hai| jainadarzana meM zramaNa dIkSA ke lie nyUnatama Ayu 8 varSa mAnI gaI hai tathA kevalajJAna-prApti ke lie nyUnatama Ayu 9 varSa kI aMgIkAra kI gaI hai jisameM svAbhAvika rUpa se vyavahArakAla kI kAraNatA prakaTa ho rahI hai| dharmAstikAya kI bhA~ti 'kAla' kI svatantra davyatA paMcAstikAya kI tAtparya vRtti meM kahA hai- 'gatipariNatedharmadavyaM sahakArikAraNaM bhavati kAladravyaM c| jIva aura pudgala svayaM hI gati karate haiM aura svayaM hI sthira rahate haiM, kintu unakI gati aura sthiti meM nimitta rUpa se dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya ko svataMtra dravya mAnA gayA hai| isI prakAra jIva aura ajIva meM paryAya-pariNamana kA svabhAva hone para bhI nimitta kAraNa rUpa kAla dravya ko svataMtra dravya svIkAra kiyA jAnA caahie|

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 549 kAla kI bahiraMga kAraNatA __kAla svataMtra dravya hai tathA vaha anya dravyoM ke paryAya-pariNamana meM bahiraMga kAraNa hai| antaraMga kAraNa to dharmAstikAya Adi dravya svayaM haiM, ve pariNamana meM samartha hote hue bhI bahiraMga kAraNa 'kAla' kI apekSA rakhate haiN| jaise ki AcArya vidyAnandi kahate haiM- 'samartho'pi bahiraMgakAraNApekSA pariNAmatve sati kAryatvAt, brIhyAdivaditi yattatkAraNaM bAhAM sa kaalH| jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma aura AkAza dravyoM kI vartanA bahiraMga kAraNa kI apekSA rakhatI hai| jisa prakAra cAvaloM ke pakane meM bahiraMga kAraNa agni hai, usI prakAra jIva Adi dravyoM kI vartanA meM aura unakI sattA meM bahiraMga kAraNa kAla dravya hai| yahI nahIM sUrya Adi gamana, Rtu-parivartana Adi meM bhI kArya kAraNa banatA hai|' vartanA kA kAraNa AkAza nahIM, kAla hai bhaTTa akalaMka ne rAjavArtika meM prazna upasthita kiyA hai ki AkAza pradeza ke nimitta se hI anya dravyoM kI vartanA ho sakatI hai, ata: kAla nAmaka dravya ko usakA hetu mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| taba kAla kI siddhi meM bhaTTa akalaMka ne hetu dete hue kahA hai ki jaise bartana cAvaloM kA AdhAra hai, parantu pAka ke lie to agni kA vyApAra hI cAhie, usI taraha AkAza vartanA vAle dravyoM kA AdhAra to ho sakatA hai para vaha vartanA kI utpatti meM sahakArI nahIM ho sktaa| usameM to kAladravya kA hI vyApAra apekSita hai| kAlalabdhi ke rUpa meM kAla kI kAraNatA __padArtha jagat meM aura bhAva jagat meM hone vAle pariNamanoM meM kAla kI vizeSa bhUmikA rahatI hai| jaina paramparA ke anusAra kAlalabdhi ke paripAka se aneka kArya sampanna hote haiM, jisameM kAla hI pramukha kAraNa ke rUpa meM ubhara kara AtA hai| kucha uddharaNa nimna haiM1. avyavahAra rAzi kA jIva vyavahAra rAzi meM AtA hai, isakA kAraNa hai- kAla lbdhi| anAdi kAla se mithyAtvI prANI ke jaba mokSa-prApti meM arddhapudgalaparAvartana jitanA samaya zeSa rahatA hai taba vaha anantAnubaMdhI catuSka va darzana mohatrika ina sAta prakRtiyoM ke upazama, kSayopazama yA kSaya se aupazamika Adi samyaktva prApta karatA hai| pUjyapAda ne prazna uThAyA hai ki anAdi mithyAtvI bhavya prANI kA karmodaya itanA saghana hotA hai, phira usa

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550 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa sthiti meM usake una karmaprakRtiyoM kA upazama kaise hotA hai? isakA samAdhAna karate hue svayaM unhoMne hI likhA hai'kAlalabdhyAdinimittatvAt' arthAt kAlalabdhi Adi ke nimitta se yaha saMbhava hai| kAlalabdhi kA eka dUsarA svarUpa prApta hotA hai jisake anusAra karmoM kI sthiti jaba anta:koTAkoTi sAgaropama kI baMdhatI hai taba sattA meM sthita karmoM kI sthiti saMkhyAta hajAra kama antaHkoTAkoTi sAgaropama ho jAtI hai aura yaha jIva prathama samyaktva ke yogya hotA hai|11| 2. mahApurANa meM ullekha hai ki anAdi kAla se calA AyA koI jIva kAla Adi labdhiyoM kA nimitta pAkara tInoM karaNa rUpa pariNAmoM ke dvArA mithyAtva Adi sAta prakRtiyoM kA upazama karatA hai tathA saMsAra kI paripATI kA uccheda kara upazama samyagdarzana prApta karatA hai|12 3. mokSapAhuDa meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra svarNa pASANa ko usakI zodhana sAmagrI dvArA zuddha banAyA jA sakatA hai usI prakAra kAlAdi kI labdhi se AtmA paramAtmA bana jAtA hai| 4. pravacanasAra kI tAtparyavRtti meM varNana hai ki atIta anantakAla meM jo koI bhI siddhasukha ke bhAjana hue haiM yA bhAvI kAla meM hoMge, ve saba kAlalabdhi ke vaza se hI hue haiN|" katipaya ghaTanAoM meM kAla kI kAraNatA ko aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jaisAki dhavalA pustaka meM nimnAMkita praznottara se siddha hotA hai- prazna : ina (66) dinoM meM divyadhvani kI pravRtti kisalie nahIM huI? uttara : gaNadhara kA abhAva hone ke kaarnn| prazna : saudharma indra ne usI samaya gaNadhara ko upasthita kyoM nahIM kiyA? uttara : nahIM kiyA, kyoMki kAlalabdhi ke binA asahAya saudharma indra meM unako upasthita karane kI zakti kA abhAva thaa|5 abAdhA kAla ke rUpa meM kAla kI kAraNatA karma ke udaya ke pUrva jainadarzana meM abAdhAkAla kI avadhAraNA hai| abAdhAkAla meM karma kA udaya nahIM hotA hai, isameM karma kA nizcita abAdhA kAla svIkAra karane ke kAraNa kAla kI kAraNatA puSTa hotI hai| yathA- jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya aura antarAya karmoM kA abAdhAkAla utkarSata: tIna hajAra varSa kA, gotra aura nAma karma kA do-do hajAra varSa kA, mohanIya karma kA sAta hajAra varSa kA aura AyuSya karma kA eka tRtIyAMza pUrva koTi varSa kA hai|96

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 551 vibhinna ArakoM kA prabhAva kAla ke do vibhAga haiM- avasarpiNI kAla aura utsarpiNI kaal| jisa kAla meM jIvoM kI zakti, avagAhanA, Ayu kramaza: ghaTatI jAtI hai vaha avasarpiNI kAla kahalAtA hai aura jisa kAla meM zakti, avagAhanA aura Ayu Adi meM kramazaH vRddhi hotI hai, vaha utsarpiNI kAla kahalAtA hai| avasarpiNI kAla ke samApta hone para utsarpiNI kAla AtA hai aura utsarpiNIkAla ke samApta hone para avasarpiNI kAla AtA hai| avasarpiNI kAla meM 6 ArakoM kA prabhAva manuSyoM para nimna rUpa se hotA hai1. sukhama-sukhama :- avasarpiNI kAla ke pahale sukhama-sukhama Are meM manuSyoM ke zarIra kI avagAhanA tIna kosa kI hotI hai| Ayu tIna palyopama kI hotI hai tathA sabhI manuSya vajraRSabhanArAca saMhanana tathA samacaturasra saMsthAna ke dhAraka hote haiN| eka sAtha strI aura puruSa kA jor3A utpanna hotA hai| unakI icchAe~ dasa prakAra ke kalpavRkSoM se pUrNa hotI hai| isa kAla ke sabhI jIva mRtyu ke bAda devagati ko prApta karate haiN| 2. sukhama :- isa kAla ke prabhAva se manuSya ke zarIra kI avagAhanA do kosa tathA Ayu do palyopama raha jAtI hai| zeSa sthitiyA~ pahale Are ke samAna rahatI haiN| 3. sukhama-dukhama :- isameM eka kosa kA dehamAna aura eka palyopama kA AyuSya zeSa rahatA hai| zeSa sthitiyA~ samAna rahatI hai| ina tInoM AroM meM tiryaMca bhI yugalika hote haiN| isa kAla meM prathama tIrthakara aura cakravartI kA janma hotA hai| 4. dukhama-sukhama :- isa kAla meM manuSya kA dehamAna kramazaH ghaTate-ghaTate 500 dhanuSa kA aura AyuSya eka karor3a pUrva kA raha jAtA hai| chaThe saMhanana aura cha: saMsthAna vAle tathA cAra gatiyoM meM jAne vAle manuSya hote haiN| isa kAla meM manuSya mokSa bhI jA sakatA hai| 23 tIrthakara, 11 cakravartI, 9 baladeva, 9 vAsudeva, 9 prativAsudeva bhI isI Are meM hote haiN| isa Are meM yugalika dharma samApta ho jAtA hai| dukhama :- isa Are meM Ayu 125 varSa aura avagAhanA sAta hAtha kI hotI hai| pA~caveM Are meM kevalajJAna, mana:paryAya jJAna Adi 10 bAtoM kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| akAla, durbhikSa, cAritrahInatA Adi adhArmikatA bar3hatI jAtI hai|

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552 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 6. dukhama-dukhama :- Ayu krama ghaTate 20 varSa kI aura zarIra kI U~cAI sirpha eka hAtha kI raha jAtI hai| rAtri meM zIta aura dina meM tApa atyanta prabala hotA hai| isa kAraNa ve manuSya biloM se bAhara nahIM nikala skte| vanaspati nahIM hone se mAMsAhAra hI karate haiN| usa kAla ke manuSya dIna, hIna, durbala, durgandhita, rugNa, apavitra, nagna, AcAra-vicAra se hIna aura mAtA, bhaginI, putrI Adi ke sAtha saMgama karane vAle hote haiN| chaha varSa kI strI saMtAna kA prasava karatI hai| mahAklezamaya vAtAvaraNa hotA hai| dharma-puNya se hIna ve duHkha hI duHkha meM apanI sampUrNa Ayu vyatIta karake naraka evaM tiryaca gati meM jAte haiN| avasarpiNI kAla ke jina chaha AroM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, vahI chaha Are utsarpiNI kAla meM hote haiN| antara yaha hai ki utsarpiNI kAla meM ulTe krama meM hote haiN| utsarpiNI kAla dukhama-dukhama Are se Arambha hokara sukhama para samApta hotA hai|" jainadarzana meM svabhAva kI kAraNatA SaDdavyoM kA apanA svabhAva sUtrakRtAMga kI TIkA meM kahA gayA hai- "sarve bhAvA svabhAvena svasvabhAvavyavasthitAH 8 arthAt sabhI padArtha svabhAva se apane svabhAva meM vyavasthita haiN| SaDdravyoM kA apanA svabhAva hai| 'svo bhAvaH svabhAvaH' vyutpatti ke anusAra jIvaajIva, bhavyatva- abhavyatva, mUrtatva-amUrtatva apane svarUpa meM hI hote haiM tathA dharma, adharma, AkAza evaM kAla kA bhI apanA svabhAva hai| dharma kA gati, adharma kA sthiti, AkAza kA avagAhanA aura kAla kA paratva-aparatva Adi svarUpa bhI svAbhAvika hai| gati, sthiti, avagAhanA, paratva-aparatva Adi kAryoM meM SaDdravyoM kA svabhAva hetu hone se jainAgamoM se 'svabhAva' kAraNa rUpa meM svata: siddha hotA hai| . utpAdavyayadhauvyAtmakatA : svabhAva jaina dArzanikoM ne utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmakatA ko vastu kA svabhAva svIkAra kiyA hai| kundakundAcArya kahate haiM ki sthiti, utpAda aura nAza padArtha kA svabhAva hai'davvassa jo hi pariNAmo atthesu so sahAvo ThidisaMbhavaNAsasaMbaddho pravacanasAra kI TIkA meM amRtacandrAcArya kahate haiM- 'na khalu davyairdavyAntarANAmAraMbhaH sarvadavyANAM svabhAvasiddhatvAt 20 sabhI padArtha dravya, guNa aura paryAyamaya haiN| inakA svarUpa trikAlAbAdhita aura zAzvata hai| jaisA ki pravacanasAra meM kahA hai

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya sabbhAvo hi sahAvo guNehiM sagapajjaehiM cittehiM / davvassa savvakAlaM uppAdavyayadhuvattehiM / / visrasA pariNamana meM svabhAva kI kAraNatA vibhinna dravyoM ke paryAya- pariNamana meM una dravyoM kA svabhAva sabase pramukha kAraNa hai| SaDdravyoM meM dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya evaM AkAzAstikAya kA pariNamana svabhAva se hotA hai| inake pariNamana meM puruSArtha yA prayoga ko kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| 553 22 jainAgamoM meM tIna prakAra ke pariNamana kA ullekha milatA hai- visrasA pariNamana, prayoga pariNamana, mizra pariNamana / 2 SaDdravyoM meM pudgala hI eka aisA dravya hai jisakA pariNamana tInoM prakAra kA hotA hai, kintu dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya kA visrasA pariNamana hotA hai| jisameM ekamAtra svabhAva ko hI kAraNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| hai| jIva kA anAdi pAriNAmika bhAva : svabhAva anuyogadvAra meM anAdi pAriNAmika bhAvoM kI carcA hai / vahA~ tIna prakAra ke anAdi pAriNAmika bhAva nirUpita haiM- jIvatva, bhavyatva aura abhavyatva / jIvatva se tAtparya hai ki jIva kabhI ajIva nahIM banatA aura ajIva (jar3a) kabhI jIva meM pariNata nahIM hotaa| bhavyatva kA artha hai jIva kI vaha prAthamika yogyatA jisake kAraNa vaha mokSa meM jAne kA adhikArI bana sakatA hai| abhavyatva jIva kA aisA svAbhAvika bhAva hai jo use mokSa meM jAne ke ayogya ghoSita karatA hai| bhavyatva aura abhavyatva kA paraspara saMkramaNa nahIM hotA, kyoMki ye anAdi pAriNAmika bhAva haiM aura svAbhAvika haiN| inakA karmoM ke udaya, upazama, kSaya, kSayopazama se koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai| jIva ke bhavyatva ke saMbaMdha meM vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra meM jayantI zrAvikA ke dvArA bhagavAna mahAvIra se prazna kiyA gayA ki he bhagavan! jIvoM meM bhavasiddhikatva svabhAva se hai yA pariNAma se? bhagavAna ne uttara diyA- jayantI yaha bhavasiddhikatva svabhAva se hai pariNAma se nhiiN| 23 aSTa karmoM meM svabhAva kI kAraNatA jaina karma - siddhAnta meM pratyeka karma kA apanA svabhAva mAnA gayA hai| vaha karma apane svabhAva arthAt prakRtibaMdha ke anusAra hI phala pradAna karatA hai| jaina darzana meM aise 8 karma pratipAdita haiM - 1. jJAnAvaraNa 2. darzanAvaraNa 3. vedanIya 4. mohanIya 5. AyuSya 6. nAma 7. gotra 8. antarAya / inameM pratyeka karma kA svabhAva nimnAnusAra hai

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554 jainadarzana meM kAraNa- kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 1. jJAnAvaraNa karma- jJAna jIva kA svabhAva evaM lakSaNa hai tathA jJAnAvaraNa karma kA svabhAva jJAna kA AcchAdana karanA hai| 2. darzanAvaraNa karma- jIva kI samyak dRSTi yA soca ko bAdhita karane kA svabhAva darzanAvaraNIya karma kA hai| 3. vedanIya karma- jIva ko sukha-du:kha vedana karAnA vedanIya karma kA svabhAva hai| 4. mohanIya karma- yaha do prakAra kA hai- 1. darzana mohanIya 2. cAritra mohniiy| darzana mohanIya karma kA svabhAva jIva ke samyak darzana ko prakaTa na hone denA hai | cAritra mohanIya kA svabhAva krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha rUpa cAra kaSAyoM kA aura strIveda - puruSaveda - napuMsaka veda, hAsya rati Adi 9 nokaSAyoM kA jIva ko anubhava karAnA hai| 5. 6. gotra karma- jIva ko uccatA evaM nIcatA kA anubhava karAnA gotra karma kA svabhAva hai| 19. nAma karma- jIva ko zarIra, indriya, aMgopAMga Adi kI prApti karAne kA kArya nAma karma kA svabhAva hai| 8. AyuSya karma- isa karma kA svabhAva nizcita avadhi taka jIva ko vibhinna bhavoM meM bhramaNa karAnA hai| antarAya karma- jIva ke dAna, lAbha, bhoga-upabhoga evaM vIrya labdhiyoM ko bAdhita karane kA svabhAva antarAya karma kA mAnA jAtA hai| jainadarzana meM niyati kI kAraNatA jaina darzana meM niyativAda kA nirasana prApta hotA hai| usakI carcA niyativAda se sambaddha adhyAya meM kI gaI hai, tathApi jaina darzana kI kucha aisI mAnyatAe~ haiM jo niyati ko kathaMcit svIkAra bhI karatI haiN| niyati ko puSTa karane vAlI athavA use apane granthoM meM sthAna dene vAlI katipaya mAnyatAe~ isa prakAra haiM kAlacakra meM niyati kI kAraNatA (1) jaina dharma meM kAlacakra kA eka niyata krama svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| niyata kAlakrama 20 koTAkoTi sAgaropama kA mAnya hai jo utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 555 24 ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| donoM meM chaH chaH Araka hote haiN| 10 koTAkoTi sAgaropama vAle utsarpiNI ke chaha ArakoM kA krama isa prakAra hai- pahalA duHkhamaduHkhama 21000 varSa kA, dUsarA duHkhama bhI 21000 varSa kA, tIsarA duHkhama- sukhama 42000 nyUna 1 koTAkoTi sAgaropama kA cauthA sukhama-duHkhama 2 koTAkoTi sAgaropama kA, pA~cavAM sukhama 3 koTAkoTi sAgaropama kA aura chaThA sukhama- sukhama 4 koTAkoTi sAgaropama kA hotA hai| avasarpiNI meM yaha krama ulaTa jAtA hai| vahA~ prathama Araka sukhama-sukhama tathA antima Araka duHkhama duHkhama hotA hai| kAlamAna utsarpiNI ke anusAra hI hotA hai| (2) bharata aura airavata kSetra meM hI utsarpiNI-avasarpiNI kAla kA bheda hotA hai| ina donoM kSetroM ke atirikta aura kisI bhI kSetra para kAlacakra kA prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| ataeva vahA~ sadaiva eka sI sthiti rahatI hai / yaha kAla kI nizcitatA niyati ko hI rekhAMkita kara rahI hai / 25 tIrthakaroM meM niyati (1) jaina dharma meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI parikalpanA hai| jambUdvIpa meM pratyeka utsarpiNI evaM avasarpiNI kAla meM 24 tIrthaMkara hote haiN| unakA bhI kAla nizcita mAnA gayA hai| duHkhama-sukhama nAmaka utsarpiNI ke tRtIya evaM avasarpiNI ke caturtha Araka isake lie nirdhArita kiye gaye haiM, jo nizcita niyama svarUpa niyati ko dyotita karate haiN| jambUdvIpa ke bharatakSetra se isa avasarpiNI kAla meM 24 tIrthaMkara hue haiM tathA bhAvI 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke nAma abhI se sunizcita ho gae haiN| (2) jaina karma siddhAntAnusAra tIrthaMkara prakRti ko bA~dhane vAlA jIva tIsare bhava meM avazya tIrthaMkara banatA hai| isameM tIrthaMkara prakRti kA baMdha puruSArtha se mAnA jA sakatA hai tathA pUrvakRta karmoM kA phala prApta karane kI dRSTi se koI tIrthaMkara bana sakatA hai, kintu tIsare bhava meM mokSa jAne kI jo bAta kahI gaI hai vaha niyati ko sUcita karatI hai| (3) tIrthakaroM ke saMbaMdha meM yaha rocaka jAnakArI hai ki pratyeka caubIsI (24 tIrthaMkara) meM eka tIrthaMkara ke nirvANa tathA dUsare tIrthaMkara ke bIca kA jo samaya parimANa yA antara hai vaha pratyeka caubIsI (24 tIrthaMkara) meM usI prakAra rahatA hai| tIrthaMkaroM kI deha kI U~cAI aura AyuSya bhI isI prakAra rahate haiN| mAtra utsarpiNI kAla ke tIrthaMkaroM ke AyuSya, antara, deha-parimANa Adi kA krama avasarpiNI kAla ke tIrthaMkaroM meM ulaTa jAtA hai| 27

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556 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa kAla evaM kSetra meM niyati akarma bhUmi meM puruSa-strI ke yugalikoM kA utpanna honA tathA karmabhUmi meM prathama tIna AroM meM yugalikoM kI utpatti svIkAra karanA kAla evaM kSetra kI niyati hai| akarmabhUmi meM napuMsaka manuSya kA utpanna na honA bhI niyati ko iMgita karatA hai| jambUdvIpaprajJapti meM niyati poSaka tattva jambUdvIpaprajJapti meM niyati ko puSTa karane vAle aneka vAkya prApta hote haiN| gautama svAmI ke dvArA pUche gae praznoM ke uttara meM bhagavAna ke kucha vacana isa prakAra haiMprazna- bhagavan! jambUdvIpa meM jaghanya (kama se kama) tathA utkRSTa (adhika se adhika) samagratayA kitane tIrthakara hote haiMuttara- gautama! kama se kama cAra tathA adhika se adhika 34 tIrthakara hote haiN| prazna- bhagavan! jambUdvIpa meM kama se kama tathA adhika se adhika kitane cakravartI hote haiM? gautama! kama se kama 4 tathA adhika se adhika 30 cakravartI hote haiN| jitane cakravartI hote haiM, utane hI baladeva hote haiM, vAsudeva bhI utane hI hote haiN| prazna- jambUdvIpa meM nidhi-ratna-utkRSTa nidhAna kitane hote haiM? uttara- gautama! jambUdvIpa meM nidhi ratna 306 hote haiN|28 siddhoM meM niyati jaina darzana meM siddhoM ke saMbaMdha meM vividha prakAra kA varNana prApta hotA hai, unameM kucha varNana niyati kI mAnyatA ko puSTa karatA huA pratIta hotA hai| (1) pUrvabhavAzrita siddhoM ke saMbaMdha meM kahA hai- pahale, dUsare aura tIsare naraka se nikalakara Ane vAle jIva eka samaya meM 10 siddha hote haiN| cauthe naraka se nikale hue 4 siddha hote haiN| pRthvIkAya aura jalakAya se nikale hue 4 siddha hote haiN| paMcendriya garbhaja tiryaca aura tiryacanI kI paryAya se tathA manuSya kI paryAya se nikalakara manuSya hue 10 jIva siddha hote haiN| manuSyanI se Aye hue 20 siddha hote haiN| bhavanapati, vANavyantara aura jyotiSI devoM se Aye hae 20 siddha hote haiN| vaimAnikoM se Aye 108 siddha hote haiM aura vaimAnika deviyoM se Aye hue 20 siddha hote haiN|29 uttara

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 557 (2) kSetrAzrita siddha- U~ce loka meM 4, nIce loka meM 20 aura madhyaloka meM 108 siddha hote haiN| samudra meM 2, nadI Adi sarovaroM meM 3, pratyeka vijaya meM alagaalaga 20 siddha hoM to bhI eka samaya meM 108 se jyAdA jIva eka samaya meM siddha nahIM ho skte| meruparvata ke bhadrazAla vana, nandanavana aura saumanasa vana meM 4, pANDuka vana meM 2, akarmabhUmi ke kSetroM meM 10, karmabhUmi ke kSetroM se 108, pahale, dUsare, pA~caveM tathA chaThe Are meM 10 aura tIsare-cauthe Are meM 108 siddha hote haiN| yaha saMkhyA bhI sarvatra eka samaya meM adhika se adhika siddha hone vAloM kI hai| (3) avagAhanA Azrita siddha- jaghanya do hAtha kI avagAhanA vAle eka samaya meM 4 siddha hote haiN| madhyama avagAhanA vAle 108 aura utkRSTa 500 dhanuSa kI avagAhanA vAle eka samaya meM 2 jIva siddha hote hai|31 (4) jitane bhI jIva siddha hote haiM, ve apane aMtima zarIra se tIsare bhAga kama AtmapradezoM kI avagAhanA siddha dazA meM prApta karate haiN| yaha prakriyA bhI niyati kA eka rUpa hai|32 63 zalAkA puruSoM meM niyati (1) 24 tIrthakara, 12 cakravartI, 9 baladeva, 9 vAsudeva, 9 prativAsudeva Adi kI nizcita mAnyatA bhI jaina dharma meM niyati ke praveza kI sUcaka hai| (2) tIrthakara kI mAtA aura cakravartI kI mAtA 14 svapna dekhatI hai| baladeva kI mAtA 4, vAsadeva kI mAtA 7, prativAsudeva kI mAtA 3 svapna dekhatI hai| ina svapnoM kI vastu aura saMkhyA kI aparivartanazIlatA niyati ko spaSTa karatI hai|33 karma-siddhAnta meM niyati (1) yoga aura kaSAya ke hone para karma-pudgala AtmA ke sAtha cipakakara baMdha ko prApta hote haiM, yaha niyata hai| isake viparIta kaSAya para vijaya prApta karane vAlA yA moha para vijaya prApta karane vAlA mokSa ko prApta karatA hai, yaha bhI niyata hai| (2) vibhinna gatiyoM meM jIvoM kI utkRSTa Ayu niyata hai| usase adhika vaha vahA~ lAkha puruSArtha karane para bhI nahIM jI sakatA hai| devagati aura narakagati meM jaghanya Ayu 10000 varSa evaM utkRSTa Ayu 33 sAgaropama mAnI gaI hai| isI prakAra deha ke AkAra ityAdi kA bhI vibhinna ArakoM ke AdhAra para AkAra nizcita hai| (3) karmaphala ke siddhAnta meM bhI niyati kArya karatI hai| puruSArtha se koI zubha yA azubha karma kA baMdha karatA hai tathA una karmoM kA zubha-azubha phala pUrvakRta

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558 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa upArjana ke anusAra svabhAva se prApta hotA hai| kintu kaunasA karma kaba phala pradAna karegA usakA jaghanya aura utkRSTa baMdha kitanI avadhi kA hogA, isameM niyati ke atirikta koI kAraNa samajha meM nahIM aataa| (4) pUrvakRta karma jIva ke bhAvI jIvana ko prabhAvita karane meM niyati kI taraha kArya karate haiN| niyati ko bhAgya yA daiva bhI kahA jAtA hai| usa dRSTi se jIva ke dvArA hI usakI niyati nirdhArita hotI hai| (5) jainadarzana meM do prakAra ke AyuSya karma hote haiM- apavartya aura anpvrty| apavartya AyuSya vAle jIva kA AyuSya vibhinna nimittoM ke milane para nizcita avadhi ke pUrva bhI pUrNa ho sakatA hai| isameM ekendriya se lekara paMcendriya taka ke tiryaca evaM manuSyoM kI gaNanA hotI hai| ye jIva kadAcit pUrNa AyuSya bhI bhoga sakate haiN| anapavartya AyuSya vAle jIva AyuSya kI pUrNa avadhi ko bhogakara hI maraNa ko prApta hote haiN| deva aura nAraka kA AyuSya anapavartya hotA hai| yaha niyati hai| isI prakAra 24 tIrthakara, 12 cakravartI, 9 baladeva, 9 vAsudeva, 9 prativAsudeva ina uttama puruSoM kA tathA usI bhava meM mokSa jAne vAle carama zarIrI jIvoM kA AyuSya anapavartya hotA hai| isameM bhI niyati ko kAraNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| devatA, nArakI-jIva tathA asaMkhyAta AyuSya vAle tiryaca aura manuSyoM kA jaba 6 mahIne AyuSya zeSa raha jAtA hai taba vaha AgAmI janma kA Ayu baMdhana karatA hai| zeSa nirupakramI AyuSya vAle apanI AyuSya kA tIsarA vibhAga zeSa rahe taba nizcaya se agale janma kA AyuSya baMdhana karate haiN|5 (6) jaina karmavAda ke anusAra karma ke do prakAra haiM- 1. dalika 2. nikaacit| dalika karma paramANuoM kI sthiti Adi meM sadA parivartana kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| nikAcita karmoM ke phala meM parivartana kI saMbhAvanA prAya: samApta ho jAtI hai| sAmAnyatayA nikAcita karma jisa rUpa meM bA~dhe jAte haiM usI rUpa meM unakA bhoga anivArya hai| isa prakAra nikAcita karma niyati ke sUcaka hai| kevalajJAna sahita daza boloM kA viccheda vartamAna meM yaha mAnyatA hai ki jambUsvAmI ke mokSa jAne ke pazcAt jambUdvIpa se koI mokSa nahIM jA sktaa| isa mAnyatA ke pIche kyA kAraNa hai yaha spaSTa nahIM hai, para isa mAnyatA ko niyati ke khAte meM DAlA jA sakatA hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM jambasvAmI ke mokSa jAne ke pazcAt daza boloM kA viccheda pratipAdita hai| ve daza bola haiM

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 559 1. kevalajJAna 2. manaHparyAya jJAna 3. paramAvadhi jJAna 4. parihAra vizuddhi cAritra 5. sUkSma saMparAya cAritra 6. yathAkhyAta cAritra 7. pulAkalabdhi 8. AhAraka zarIra 9. kSAyika samyaktva aura 10. jinakalpI muni|26 niyati kI sAdhAraNa dhAraNAe~ (1) jo janmatA hai vaha avazya maraNa ko prApta karatA hai| yaha bhI eka niyati hai| jise jaina darzana svIkAra karatA hai| (2) jIva ke avyavahAra rAzi se vyavahAra rAzi meM Ane kA siddhAnta bhI niyati se jur3A huA hai, usameM mAnyatA hai ki koI eka jIva jaba siddha hotA hai to nigoda kI avyavahAra rAzi se eka jIva vyavahAra rAzi meM AtA hai| isameM niyati hI kAraNa pratIta hotI hai| (3) yaha bhI niyata hai ki koI jIva eka bAra bhI samyaktva kI prApti kara letA hai to adhikatama 15 bhavoM meM avazya mokSa ko prApta karatA hai| (4) cha: mAsa AyuSya zeSa raha jAtI hai, usa samaya jinako kevalajJAna utpanna huA hai, ve nizcaya hI samudghAta karate haiN| anya karate haiM athavA nahIM bhI karate haiN|27 (5) lezyA ke pariNAma ke pahale aura antima kSaNa meM prANI kI mRtyu nahIM hotI hai, antima antarmuhUrta zeSa rahA ho usa samaya athavA prathama antarmuhUrta vyatIta ho gayA ho taba hotI hai| isameM bhI antima antarmuhUrta zeSa rahA ho taba nArakI aura devatA kI mRtyu hotI hai aura prathama antarmuhUrta vyatIta hote manuSya aura tiryaca kI mRtyu hotI hai|38 jainadarzana meM pUrvakRta karma kI kAraNatA pUrvakRta karma kI kAraNatA kA saMbaMdha ajIva se nahIM jIva se hai| jIvoM meM bhI saMsArI jIvoM se hai, mukta jIvoM se nhiiN| saMsArI jIva apane dvArA kiye hue zubhaazubha karmoM ke anusAra phala prApta karate haiN| pUrvakRta karma kI kAraNatA ko vibhinna bhAratIya darzana svIkAra karate haiM, kintu jainadarzana meM karma-siddhAnta kA vyApaka evaM vyavasthita vivecana prApta hotA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra karma-pudgala svayaM hI jIva ko apane udayakAla meM phala pradAna karate haiN| jIva una karmoM ke vaza meM hone ke kAraNa apane ko paravaza evaM asahAya anubhava karatA hai| kahA bhI hai kammaM ciNaMti savasA, tassudayammi u parabbasA hoti|29

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560 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa arthAt karma karane meM jIva svataMtra hai, kintu karma ke udayakAla meM vaha karma ke adhIna ho jAtA hai| aSTavidha karmoM kA prabhAva jainadarzana meM karma ke hetu aura unake phala kA sUkSma vivecana prApta hotA hai| karma ATha prakAra ke mAne gae haiM- 1. jJAnAvaraNa 2. darzanAvaraNa 3. vedanIya 4. mohanIya 5. AyuSya 6. nAma 7. gotra 8. antraay| jIva kaSAya aura yoga se yukta hokara ina karmoM kA baMdha karatA hai tathA samaya Ane para unakA phala prApta karatA hai| jJAna evaM darzana jo jIva ke svabhAva evaM lakSaNa mAne jAte haiM ve jJAnAvaraNa evaM darzanAvaraNa kamoM ke kAraNa AMzika rUpa meM Avarita rahate haiN| jaba yaha AvaraNa pUrNata: dUra ho jAtA hai to jJAna evaM darzana pUrNa rUpa se prakaTa ho jAte haiM jinheM kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana athavA ananta jJAna aura ananta darzana kahA jAtA hai| pUrvakRta karmoM ke kAraNa hI sukha-duHkha kA vedana evaM saMsAra paribhramaNa hotA hai| sukha-duHkha ke vedana meM vedanIya karma kAraNa banatA hai| anya prANiyoM ko sukha pradAna karane para apane ko sukha kI tathA duHkha pradAna karane para duHkha kI prApti hotI hai| sukha kI prApti meM sAtAvedanIya evaM duHkha kI prApti meM asAtAvedanIya karma kA udaya mAnA jAtA hai| jainadarzana meM mAnya 8 karmoM meM sarvAdhika zaktizAlI karma mohakarma hai| isa moha karma ke mukhyataH do prakAra haiM- 1. darzana mohanIya 2. cAritra mohniiy| darzana mohanIya ke rahate hue jIva ko samyaktva kI prApti nahIM hotI tathA cAritra mohanIya ke rahate hue krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kaSAya se mukti nahIM miltii| mithyAtva kA udaya evaM krodhAdi kaSAyoM kA udaya mohanIya karma kA pariNAma hai| rAga-dveSa Adi bhI moha karma ke hI sUcaka hai| ATha karmoM meM sabase pahale moha karma kA kSaya karane para anya jJAnAvaraNAdi ghAtI karma kSaya hote haiN| eka yoni se dUsarI yoni meM paribhramaNa kA kAraNa AyuSya karma hai| isa AyuSya karma ke kAraNa hI jIva naraka, tiryaca, manuSya aura deva gati ke kisI bhava meM nizcita avadhi taka jIvana yApana karatA hai tathA usa AyuSya ke samApta hone para naI AyuSya kA bhoga karane ke lie vaha dUsare bhava meM utpanna hone ke lie gamana kara jAtA hai| isalie AyuSya karma ko bhavabhramaNa kA hetu mAnA jAtA hai| jIva ko zarIra, indriya, aMgopAMga, zvAsocchvAsa Adi kI prApti nAma karma ke udaya ke kAraNa hotI hai| ekendriya, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya evaM paMcendriya jIvoM ko yathAyogya zarIra Adi kI prApti meM yaha nAma-karma pramukha kAraNa hai| gotra-karma se jIva hIna yA ucca kuloM meM utpanna hotA hai tathA antarAya karma ke udaya se apanI sakriyAoM evaM AtmapuruSArtha meM vighna kA anubhava karatA hai|

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 561 jIva kI zakti ko pratibandhita karane meM pUrvakRta karmoM kA yogadAna hotA hai| jIva ke dvArA kRta azubha karma yA pApa karma usakI Atma-cetanA ko patana kI ora le jAte haiM tathA zubha karma yA puNya karma usakI cetanA ko mokSonmukhI banane meM anukUlatA pradAna karate haiN| pUrvakRta karma jIva ko apane AdhIna banA lete haiN| jIva pUrvakRta koM ke vaza meM hokara apane puruSArtha ko bhI prakaTa karane meM asahAya anubhava karatA hai| tIrthakara bananA bhI pUrvakRta karma kA pariNAma jainadarzana ke anusAra tIrthakara bananA bhI tabhI saMbhava hai jaba pahale 'tIrthakara' nAmaka nAmakarma kI prakRti kA upArjana kiyA gayA ho| yaha prakRti jaba jisake udaya meM AtI hai tabhI koI jIva tIrthakara bana pAtA hai| jainadarzana meM tIrthakara sAdhu, sAdhvI zrAvaka evaM zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA karatA hai| sAdhAraNa kevalajJAnI banane ke lie to cAra ghAtI karmoM kA kSaya karanA hotA hai, kintu tIrthakara banane ke lie tIrthakara prakRti kA upArjana Avazyaka hotA hai| tIrthakara kevalajJAnI evaM kevaladarzanI hotA hai| karma kI kAraNatA kA vizada pratipAdana ___ jainAgamoM evaM karma-saMbaMdhI sAhitya meM aSTavidha karmoM kA vibhinna dvAroM se vizada pratipAdana prApta hotA hai| jainadarzana ke karma saMbaMdhI sAhitya evaM karmavAda se . sambaddha mAnyatAoM kA nirUpaNa isa zodha prabandha ke paMcama adhyAya meM vistAra se kiyA gayA hai| karma-siddhAnta jainadharma kA pramukha kendriya siddhAnta hai| isakI dRDha mAnyatA hai ki AtmA apane dvArA kRta karmoM ke anusAra sukha-duHkha prApta karatA hai| jainadharma kI karma-kAraNatA saMbaMdhI mAnyatA kA poSaNa anekatra huA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA gayA hai appA kattA vikattA ya, duhANa ya suhANa yA -uttarAdhyayana 20.37 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki jIva apane dvArA kRta kamoM kA phala prApta karatA hai jamiNaM jagatI puDho jagA, kammehiM lupyaMti paanninno| sayameva kaDehiM gAhatI, no tassA mucce aputttthyN|| -sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 1/2/1:4

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562 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa isa jagata meM jo bhI prANI haiM, ve apane-apane saMcita koM se hI saMsAra bhramaNa karate haiM aura kiye hue kamoM ke anusAra hI bhinna-bhinna yoniyoM meM janma lete haiN| phala bhoge binA upArjita karmoM se prANI kA chuTakArA nahIM hotaa| anyatra bhI karma-siddhAnta kI puSTi meM kahA hai kammaM ciNaMti savasA, tassudayammi u parabbasA hoNti| rukkhAM duruhai savaso, vigalai sa paravasso ttto|| -bRhatkalpabhASya, 2989 jIva karmoM kA baMdha karane meM svataMtra hai, parantu una karmoM kA udaya Ane para phala bhogane meM usake adhIna ho jAtA hai| jaise koI puruSa svecchA se vRkSa para car3ha to jAtA hai kintu pramAdavaza girate samaya paravaza ho jAtA hai| . rAgo ya doso viM ya kammanIyaM, kammaM ca mohappabhavaM vyNti| kammaM ca jAI maraNassa mUlaM, dukkhaM ca maraNaM vyNti|| __-uttarAdhyayana sUtra 32.7 rAga-dveSa karma ke bIja haiN| karma moha se utpanna hotA hai| vaha janma-maraNa kA mUla hai| janma-maraNa ko duHkha kA mUla kahA gayA hai| kammuNA bbhaNo hoi, kammuNA hoi khttio| vaisse kammuNA hoi, suddo havai kmmunnaa|| -uttarAdhyayanasUtra 25.33 karma se hI koI brAhmaNa hotA hai aura karma se hI ksstriy| karma se hI manuSya vaizya hotA hai aura zUdra bhI karma se hI hotA hai| savve sayakammakappiyA, avvatteNa duheNa paanninno| hiMDaMti bhayAulA sadA, jAi jraamrnnohi'bhiddyaa|| -sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 1/2/3/18 sabhI prANI apane-apane karmoM ke anusAra hI pRthak-pRthak yoniyoM meM avasthita haiN| kamoM kI adhInatA ke kAraNa avyakta duHkha se duHkhita prANI janma, jarA aura maraNa se sadA bhayabhIta rahate hue cAra gati rUpa saMsAra cakra meM bhaTakate rahate haiN|

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 563 na tassa dukkhaM vibhayanti nAiyo, na mittavaggA na suyA na bNdhvaa| ekkosayaM paccaNuhoi dukkhaM, kattArameva aNujAi kmm|| -uttarAdhyayana sUtra 13/23 jJAtijana, saMbaMdhI, mitra-varga, putra aura bAMdhava usakA (vyakti kA) duHkha nahIM baTA skte| vaha svayaM akelA duHkha kA anubhava karatA hai, kyoMki karma kartA kA hI anugamana karatA hai| jaM jArisaM puvamakAsi kmm| taheva Agacchati sNpraae|| ____ -sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 1/5/2/23 atIta meM jaisA bhI kucha karma kiyA gayA hai, bhaviSya meM vaha usI rUpa meM upasthita hotA hai, phalita hotA hai| suciNNA kammA suciNNaphalA bhvNti| duciNNA kammA duciNNaphalA bhvNti|| -aupapAtika sUtra 71 acche kamoM kA phala acchA hotA hai| bure karmoM kA phala burA hotA hai| kaDANa kammANa Na mokkha atthi|| -uttarAdhyayana sUtra 4.3 phala bhoge binA kRta karmoM se chuTakArA nahIM ho sakatA hai| jaina darzana meM puruSa/puruSakAra ( puruSArtha) kI kAraNatA puruSa yA jIva karmoM kA kartA evaM bhoktA ___vartamAna meM jaina darzana meM mAnya paMca samavAya ke antargata kAla, svabhAva, niyati evaM pUrvakRta karma ke sAtha puruSArtha kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai, jabaki siddhasena sari ne sanmatitarkaprakaraNa meM puruSArtha kA nahIM, 'puruSa' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| 'puruSa' zabda jagat ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM mAnya AtmA kA bhI bodhaka hai to jIvAtmA kA bhii| jainadarzana meM jIvAtmA ke artha meM puruSa zabda kA prayoga mAnya ho sakatA hai jise jaina dArzanika jIva yA AtmA bhI kahate haiN| jaina darzanAnusAra AtmA hI apane sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa hai, vaha svayaM hI apane kAraNoM se baMdhana ko prApta hai tathA svayaM meM hI mukta hone kA sAmarthya hai|

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564 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa jaina dharma ke anusAra AtmA hI apane karmoM kA kartA, bhoktA evaM unakA kSaya-kartA hai| AtmA meM hI etAdRk zakti hai ki vaha anantajJAnI bana sakatA hai| yahA~ tIrthakara yA guru kA upadeza nimitta kAraNa ho sakatA hai, kintu upAdAna kAraNa to svayaM AtmA hI hotA hai| isa dRSTi se jaina darzana ko Atma-svAtantryavAdI darzana bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| isameM AtmA kA adhiSThAtA kisI anya zakti, AtmA yA paramAtmA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA gyaa| puruSa ke sAtha puruSakAra kI kAraNatA svayaMsiddha puruSa ko kAraNa mAnane para puruSa kA vyApAra arthAt puruSakAra to apane Apa kAraNa bana jAtA hai| jainadarzana meM Age calakara 'puruSa' ke sthAna para 'puruSakAra' zabda ko mahattva milaa| AcArya haribhadra sUri ne aneka sthAnoM para 'puruSakAra' athavA 'puruSakriyA' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| isake antargata Agama meM prayukta utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya evaM puruSakAra ina sabhI zabdoM kA samAveza jaina darzana meM hone lgaa| saMkSepa meM inake lie zrama, udyama yA puruSArtha zabda kA prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| Adhunika kAla meM puruSArtha zabda kA adhika prayoga ho rahA hai| tapa-saMyama meM kiyA gayA parAkrama hI puruSArtha AtmA ke dvArA tapa-saMyama Adi meM jo bhI parAkrama kiyA jAtA hai vaha saba puruSArtha hai| puruSArtha pApa karmoM ke baMdhana ke lie bhI ho sakatA hai aura mukti ke lie bhii| vaha asaMyama evaM kadAcAra meM bhI ho sakatA hai aura saMyama tathA sadAcAra meM bhii| kintu sAdhanA kI dRSTi se tapa saMyama evaM sadAcAra meM kiyA gayA puruSArtha hI mahattva rakhatA hai| jaina dharma meM isI prakAra ke dharma-puruSArtha ko sthAna prApta hai| svayaM kA puruSArtha hI mokSa kA sAdhaka pratyeka bhavya AtmA apane puruSArtha ko jAgRta kara pApa karmoM se mukta ho sakatA hai| tIrthakara to mokSa ke mArga kA apane upadezoM meM kathana mAtra karate haiM, unake upadeza ko zravaNa kara koI jIva saMyama yA puruSArtha kare to usake jIvana kI bhAvIdizA badala jAtI hai| Agama vAGmaya meM aisA koI udAharaNa nahIM milatA jisameM tIrthakara yaha kahate hoM ki maiM tumheM saMsAra sAgara se uttIrNa kara duuNgaa| 'mAmekaM zaraNaM braja' jaise vAkya jainAgamoM meM prApta nahIM hote haiN| vahA~ to tIrthakara ke upadeza para zraddhA kara svayaM puruSArtha karane kI bAta para hI bala diyA gayA hai| jinendroM ke dvArA kathita vacanoM para pratIti evaM zraddhA karane kI bAta AgamoM meM avazya prApta hotI hai| kintu

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 565 zraddhA mAtra se kAma nahIM calatA hai| vahA~ zraddhA ke sAtha jIva ko apramatta banakara tapasaMyama meM puruSArtha karanA hotA hai| puruSArtha : saMyama, tapa, nirjarA Adi kA AdhAra jaina dharma zramaNa saMskRti kA dharma hai| jisameM saMvara evaM tapa rUpa zrama yA puruSArtha kA vizeSa mahattva hai| samasta sAdhanA puruSakAra yA puruSArtha para TikI huI hai| saMyama meM parAkrama kA prasaMga ho yA parISaha-jaya kI paristhiti, sarvatra puruSakAra yA puruSArtha hI jaina darzana meM pramukha Alambana banakara AtA hai| puruSArtha ke bala para hI mahAvrata evaM aNuvrata kI sAdhanA saphala hotI hai| samyak cAritra athavA cAritra dharma kI samasta sAdhanA puruSArtha ke mahattva kA pratipAdana karatI hai| pA~ca samiti evaM tIna gupti kA pAlana bhI puruSArtha ke mahattva kA pratiSThApana karatA hai| puruSakAra to eka prakAra se jIva kA lakSaNa hai| pUrvabaddha karmoM kI nirjarA binA puruSArtha ke saMbhava nhiiN| sAdhanA ke puruSArtha ke bala para karmoM kI tIvra evaM tIvratara nirjarA saMbhava hai| eka avasthA se dUsarI avasthA meM asaMkhyAta guNI karma-nirjarA bhI ho sakatI hai| puruSArtha pUrvaka yaha nirjarA hI jaina darzana kI anupama vizeSatA hai| yahI nahIM kucha kamoM kA phala bhoga kiye binA bhI unakI sthiti aura anubhAga ko kama kiyA jA sakatA hai| isameM bhI puruSArtha hI kAraNa hai| yaha puruSArtha Atmika stara para mana-vacana-kAyA ke mAdhyama se hotA hai| puruSArtha kI pramukhatA ke nidarzana jaina dharma darzana meM puruSArtha ke mahattva para vistAra se SaSTha adhyAya meM vicAra kiyA jA cukA hai isalie yahA~ saMkSepa meM saMketa mAtra meM bAta kahI gaI hai jo isa tathya kI sUcaka hai ki jaina dharma darzana meM puruSArtha kI pramukhatA hai| puruSArtha karake mokSa meM jAne vAlI kucha mahAn AtmAoM kA ullekha kiyA jA rahA hai1. tIrthakara mahAvIra- tIrthakara mahAvIra ne sAr3he bAraha varSa taka tapasyA karake kevalajJAna kI prApti kii| kAnoM meM kIleM Thoke jAne para bhI unhoMne samatva bhAva kA anupama udAharaNa prastuta kiyaa| lATa deza meM bhramaNa karate samaya una para patthara pheMke jAne para, unake pIche kutte chor3a diye jAne para tathA gAliyA~ dekara tiraskAra karane para bhI unhoMne apanA Atmika puruSArtha nahIM chodd'aa| tapa-saMyama kI sAdhanA meM pUrNa sAmarthya ke sAtha DaTe rhe| jo parISaha evaM upasarga upasthita hue unase tanika bhI vicalita nahIM hue| ahiMsA, samatA, aparigraha evaM niSkaSAyatA ke puruSArtha meM ve nimagna rhe| gozAlaka ke

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566 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa niyativAda kA unhoMne khaNDana kiyA tathA utthAna, karma, bala evaM vIrya ko mahattva pradAna kiyaa| kevalajJAna prApti ke pazcAt bhI svayaM apramatta bhAva se dharmopadeza karate hue puruSArtha karate rahe tathA abhyAgatoM ko bhI puruSArtha kA hI upadeza diyaa| yahA~ tIrthakara mahAvIra ke jIvana kI kucha jhalakiyA~ prastuta kI gaI haiM, isI prakAra anya 23 tIrthakaroM ke saMbaMdha meM bhI puruSArtha ke mahattva ko jAna lenA caahie| 2. gautama Adi gaNadhara- bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pramukha ziSya gautama Adi gyAraha gaNadharoM ne bhI tapa-saMyama rUpa dharma puruSArtha kA Alambana lekara mokSa prApta kiyaa| ye sabhI gaNadhara janmanA brAhmaNa the, veda-vedAMgoM ke jJAtA the, kintu bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samparka meM Akara unhoMne dharma puruSArtha ko sAdhanA kA Alambana banAyA aura kevalajJAna prApta karane meM sakSama bne| 3. antagar3a sUtra meM 99 AtmAoM dvArA puruSArtha- antagar3a sUtra ke ATha adhyayanoM meM 99 mahApuruSoM ke cAritra kA varNana prApta hai, jinhoMne jaina dharma meM mAnya kanakAvalI, ekAvalI, laghusarvatobhadra, mahAsarvatobhadra Adi viziSTa tapoM kI ArAdhanA karate hue prabala puruSArtha ke sAtha aSTavidha karmoM kA nAza kara siddhi prApta kii| inameM arjunamAlI, gajasukumAla evaM atimukta kumAra kA varNana viziSTa hai| jo arjunamAlI pratidina 6 puruSa evaM eka strI kI hatyA karatA thA, vaha bele-bele (do-do upavAsa) kI tapasyA karake evaM nagara janoM ke vyaMgya bANoM, gAliyoM, pattharoM Adi kI bauchAra ko samabhAva se sahana kara Atma-puruSArtha ke sAtha mukti kA varaNa karane meM samartha huaa| gajasukumAra muni ke sira para somila brAhmaNa ke dvArA dhadhakate aMgAre rakhe gae tathApi samabhAva kI utkRSTa ArAdhanA meM tallIna gajasukumAra muni ne upha taka nahIM kiyaa| sAdhanA ke puruSArtha kA yaha bhI eka utkRSTa udAharaNa rhaa| atimukta kumAra ne alpavaya meM dIkSA dhAraNa kI evaM AtmapuruSArtha kA paricaya dekara siddhi prApta kii| isa aMtagaDadasA sUtra meM kRSNa vAsudeva kI mAtAoM, patniyoM aura putroM ne bhI Atma-puruSArtha kA paricaya dekara bAIsaveM tIrthakara ariSTaneminAtha ke sAnnidhya meM zramaNa-dIkSA aMgIkAra kii| 4. zAlibhada, dhannA aNagAra, skandhaka RSi, dharmaruci aNagAra Adi ke udAharaNa- Agama vAGmaya evaM uttarakAlIna sAhitya meM aise aneka udAharaNa bhare par3e haiM jo Atma-puruSArtha ke dyotaka haiN| zAlibhadra nAmaka

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 567 sukumAra seTha ne apanI atula dhana-sampadA evaM 32 patniyoM kA tyAga karake Atma puruSArtha ke bala para sAdhanA ke zikhara ko prApta kiyaa| dhannA seTha ne eka pala meM hI apanI dharmapatnI evaM parivAra kA tyAga kara saMyama patha apnaayaa| skandhaka RSi kI khAla utArI gaI taba bhI avicala samabhAva kA paricaya diyaa| dharmaruci aNagAra ko nAgazrI ne kar3ave tumbe kA AhAra diyaa| AcArya kI AjJA pAkara use jaMgala meM paraThane ke lie gae, vahA~ eka bUMda bAhara DAlane para jaba cITiyA~ Akara usameM marane lagI to dharmaruci aNagAra kA mana svayaM usa kar3ave tumbe ko pIne kA ho gyaa| prANi-rakSA ko mahattva dekara svayaM ne usa AhAra kA bhakSaNa kara ucca gati prApta kii| isa prakAra jaina dharma darzana meM puruSArtha hI AcaraNa kA pramukha pakSa hai| jIva ke vaza meM yaha puruSArtha hI hai jisake bala para vaha mukti kI ora caraNa baDhA sakatA hai| anya saba kAraNoM ke hote hue bhI yadi samucita puruSArtha na ho to mokSa kI ora kadama nahIM baDha skte| kAla, svabhAva, niyati evaM pUrvakRta karmoM kI kAraNatA ko bhI jaina darzana ne svIkAra kiyA hai, kintu puruSArtha kI mahimA sabase baDhakara hai| paMca samavAya meM pAMca kAraNoM kA samanvaya prAcIna zvetAmbara jainAcAryoM kA yogadAna jaina dArzanikoM ne jaina dharma darzana meM puruSArtha kA mahattva pratipAdita karate hue bhI kAla, svabhAva, niyati evaM pUrvakRta kamoM kI kAraNatA ko yathocita rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| siddhasena (pA~cavIM zatI), haribhadra sUri (700-770I.zatI), zIlAMkAcArya (nauvI-dasavIM zatI), abhayadeva sUri (dasavIM zatI), malladhArI rAjazekhara sUri (bArahavIM- terahavIM zatI), upAdhyAya yazovijaya (satrahavIM zatI), upAdhyAya vinayavijaya (satrahavIM zatI) Adi udbhaTa dArzanikoM ne isa dizA meM saphala prayAsa kiye haiN| yahA~ ina dArzanikoM dvArA kI gaI mImAMsA ke AdhAra para unake takoM ko upasthita kiyA jA rahA hai 1. siddhasena sUri- siddhasena sUri ne sarvaprathama kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSa ina pA~coM ke samavAya kI kAraNatA ko samyaktva svIkAra kiyA hai| anekAnta ko vibhinna koNoM se sthApita karane vAle kaI jaina dArzanika hue, kintu mAtra siddhasena ne hI jainadarzana meM 'kAraNatA' kI dRSTi se pA~coM kAraNoM ke samavAya kI sthApanA kI hai| usa yuga meM mAtra ye pA~ca kAraNa hI vikasita nahIM the, apitu inake atirikta IzvaravAda, yadRcchAvAda, brahmavAda, bhUtavAda Adi aneka

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568 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa kAraNavAda pracalita the| ina aneka kAraNavAdoM ke samUha meM se siddhasena divAkara ne ye pA~ca kAraNa hI cune, anya nhiiN| isake pIche jainAgamoM kI bhUmikA rahI hogii| jainAgamoM meM ye pA~ca kAraNa hI yatra-tatra bikhare rUpa meM milate haiN| jinakA siddhasena ne anekAntadRk se sanmatitarka ke tRtIya kANDa meM kevala eka gAthA ke rUpa meM sammilita karate hue kahA kAlo sahAva niyaI puvakayaM purise kaarnnegNtaa| micchattaM te ceva, samAsao hoMti smmttN|| arthAt kAla, svabhAva niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSa ye pA~coM kAraNa milakara samyaktva ko prApta hote haiM tathA ekAnta rUpa se mithyA haiN| kAla, svabhAva Adi kI aikAntika kAraNatA mithyAtva hai, kintu kathaMcit kAraNatA samyaktva hai| inakI kathaMcit kAraNatA jaina darzana meM svIkArya hai| AcArya siddhasena kA yaha mantavya zlokAbaddha rUpa meM yahA~ uddhRta hai kvacinniyatipakSapAtaguru gamyate te vacaH, svabhAvaniyatAH prajAH samayatantravRttAH kvcit| svayaMkRtabhujaH kvacit parakRtopabhogAH puna, navA vizadavAda! doSamalino'syaho vismyH|| kahIM niyativAda, kahIM svabhAvavAda, kahIM kAlavAda, kahIM puruSArthavAda aura kahIM pUrvakRta karmoM ko kArya kI utpatti meM kAraNa mAnA gayA hai, kintu jaina darzana meM kathaMcit ina sabakA mahattva hai| yahI syAdvAda yA vizadavAda kA pratipAdana hai| 2. haribhada sUri- haribhadra sUri ne apanI eka nahIM aneka kRtiyoM meM kAlAdi pA~coM kAraNoM kI sAmUhikatA ko aneka sadaMbhoM meM nirUpita kiyA hai| unhoMne zAstravArtA samuccaya, bIjaviMzikA, upadeza pada, dharmabindu nAmaka granthoM meM ise ullikhita kara siddhasena ke mata kA samarthana kiyA hai| zAstravArtA samuccaya meM unhoMne anya matoM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM sarvaprathama kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSa kI aikAntika kAraNatA kA prabala takoM se nirasana kara anya hetuoM ke sAtha kAlAdi ko kAryotpAdaka batAyA hai| jaise ki kahA hai ataH kAlAdayaH sarve samudAyena kaarnnm| garbhAdeH kAryajAtasya vijJeyA nyaayvaadibhiH||

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 569 arthAt pUrvokta doSoM kA parihAra sambhava na hone se nyAyavAdiyoM ko yahI mAnanA ucita hai ki kAla Adi anya nirapekSa hokara kArya ke upAdAna nahIM hote, apitu anya hetuoM ke sAtha sAmagrIghaTaka hokara kAryotpAdaka hote haiN| ___ haribhadrasUri ne dharmabindu meM varabodhi lAbha ke nirUpaNa ke samaya bhavyatva ke sAtha kAla, niyati, karma evaM puruSArtha ko bhI sthAna diyA hai| bhavyatva yahA~ svabhAva kA sUcaka hai| ve kahate haiM ki siddhi meM jAne kI yogyatA kA anAdi pAriNAmika bhAva bhavyatva hai jo AtmA kA apanA svarUpa hai| yaha bhavyatva kAlAdi ke bheda se bIjasiddhi ko prApta karane ke kAraNa aneka rUpatA ko prApta karatA hai| kAlAdi meM kAla, niyati, karma evaM puruSArtha kA grahaNa hotA hai| inameM viziSTa pudgala parAvarta vAlA utsarpiNI Adi kAla hotA hai jo tathAbhavyatva vAle jIva ko phaladAna ke prati abhimukha karatA hai| jisa prakAra basanta Adi Rtue~ vanaspati vizeSa ke vikAsa meM sahAyaka banatI haiM, usI prakAra kAla bhI bhavya jIva ke mokSa hetu prayatna meM sahAyaka banatA hai| kAla ke hone para bhI nyUnAdhikatA ko dUra karake niyata kArya ko utpanna karane vAlI niyati hotI hai| saMkleza ko kama karane vAlA aneka prakAra ke zubha bhAvoM evaM jJAna kA hetu kuzala karma bhI mukti meM sahAyaka hotA hai| samucita puNya saMcaya se yukta mahAn kalyANa ke bhAvoM se sampanna jJAnavAna prarUpyamANa artha ke parijJAna meM kuzala puruSArtha bhI isI prakAra mukti meM sahAyaka hotA hai| puruSa ke sthAna para puruSakriyA zabda kA prayoga sarvaprathama haribhadrasUri ne bIjaviMzikA meM karake puruSa kI kAraNatA kA sahI svarUpa vidvAnoM ke samakSa ujAgara kiyA hai| puruSa kI kAraNatA kA aucitya paMca samavAya meM utanA nahIM svIkArya hai jitanA puruSakAra yA puruSArtha kA hai| ata: jaina mAnyatA ke anukUla puruSa ke sthAna para puruSakriyA arthAt puruSakAra zabda hI adhika ucita pratIta hotA hai| yathA tahabhavvattaM jaM kaalniyipuvkypuriskiriyaao| akkhivaha tahasahAvaM tA tadadhINaM tayaMpi bhve|| jisa prakAra kAla, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSArtha kA honA Avazyaka hai usI prakAra svabhAva kA honA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki ve bhI usake adhIna haiN| upadeza pada meM haribhadra sUri ne samavAya ke artha meM kalApa zabda kA prayoga karate hue kahA hai savvammi ceva kajje esa kalAvo buhehiM niddittttho| jaNagatteNa tao khalu paribhAveyavao smm||48

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570 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa jJAniyoM ke dvArA sabhI kAryoM meM kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSa kA kalApa (samavAya) nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai| isalie ise kAraNa rUpa meM samyaktayA jAna lenA caahie| isI gAthA para TIkA karate hue municandrasUri adhika spaSTa karate hue batAte haiM ki samasta bAhya evaM Abhyantara kAryoM meM kAla Adi kA kalApa kAraNa hotA hai| ghaTa, kamala, prAsAda, aMkura Adi bAhya kArya hoM athavA nAraka, tiryaka, manuSya yA deva bhava meM hone vAle kArya hoM athavA niHzreyasa, abhyudaya, saMtApa, harSa Adi Abhyantara kArya ho sabameM kAlAdi kA kalApa kAraNa samudAya ke rUpa meM siddhasena divAkara Adi vidvat manISi-pUrvAcAryoM ne pratipAdita kiyA hai| unhoMne kAlAdi kalApa ko kArya kI utpatti kA janaka yA hetu svIkAra kiyA hai|49 3. zIlAMkAcArya- sUtrakRtAMga ke TIkAkAra AcArya zIlAMka (9-10vIM zatI) ne kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRtakarma evaM puruSArtha kI carcA karate hue inheM paraspara sApekSa mAnakara inameM samanvaya sthApita kiyA hai| AcArya zIlAMka kA tArkika cintana yahA~ prastuta hai jaina dArzanika AtmavAdI hone ke sAtha kriyAvAdI bhI hai| kriyAvAda meM yadyapi puruSArtha kI prabalatA pratIta hotI hai, kintu AcArya zIlAMka kAla, svabhAva Adi kA honA bhI Avazyaka mAnate haiN| unakI dRSTi meM kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma, puruSa Adi saba kAraNoM ke hone para hI koI kriyAvAdI samyagdRSTi ho sakatA hai| zIlAMkAcArya ke zabdoM meM "tadevaM sarvAnapi kAlAdIn kAraNatvenAbhyupagacchan tathA''tmapuNyapApaparalokAdikaM cecchan kriyAvAdI samyagdRSTitvenA- bhyupgntvyH| arthAt kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRtakarma puruSArtha- ina samasta padArthoM ko kAraNa mAnane vAle tathA AtmA, puNya, pApa aura paraloka Adi ko svIkAra karane vAle kriyAvAdI ko samyagdRSTi jAnanA caahie| anyatra bhI kahA hai"ato niravadhAraNapakSasamAzrayaNAdiha samyaktvamabhihitaM tathA kAlAdInAmapi samuditAnAM parasparasavyapekSANAM kaarnntvenehaashrynnaatsmyktvmiti|" avadhAraNa pakSa ko chor3akara (ekAntavAda ko chor3akara) niravadhAraNa pakSa mAnane se (anekAnta mAnane se) kriyAvAdI mata ko samyak kahA hai tathA paraspara

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 571 milakara eka dUsare kI apekSA se kAla Adi ko kAraNa mAnane se isa mata ko samyak kahA hai| ye samasta kAla Adi eka sAtha milakara hI saba kAryoM ke sAdhaka hote haiM, ata: inake milane para hI samasta kArya samIcInatayA sampanna hote haiN| akele kAla Adi se koI kArya nahIM hotA hai, yathA- mUMga ubAlane meM Aga, pAnI, lakar3I, tapelI Adi milane para hI kAraNa hote haiM, usI prakAra kAlAdi pA~coM milakara kArya kI siddhi meM kAraNa banate haiN|52 aneka uttamottama lakSaNoM se yukta vaidaryamaNi Adi cAhe kitane hI mUlyavAna hoM, parantu ve alaga-alaga hone para ratnAvalI (ratna kA hAra) nahIM kahe jAte haiM, kintu eka sUtra meM gUMthe jAne para hI kahe jAte haiN| isI taraha niyativAda Adi mata apanI-apanI nyAya kI rIti se yadyapi apane-apane pakSa kA samarthana karate haiM tathApi dUsare ke sAtha saMbaMdha na rakhane ke kAraNa ye sabhI mata samyaktva pada ko prApta nahIM karate haiM, kintu mithyA kahe jAte haiN| pRthak huI maNiyoM ko eka sUtra meM gUMtha dene para ve sabhI ekatva ko tyAga dene se ratnAvalI yAnI ratna kA hAra kahI jAtI hai| isI taraha pUrvokta sabhI nayavAda yathAyogya vaktavya meM jor3e hue eka sAtha hone se samyak zabda ko prApta karate haiN| parantu unakI vizeSa saMjJA nahIM hotI hai| ata: jo apane pakSa meM kadAgraha rakhate haiM ve sabhI nayavAda mithyAdRSTi hai, parantu ve hI paraspara saMbaMdha rakhane para samyak ho jAte haiN|53 / / AcArya zIlAMka ne ekAnta kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, niyativAda evaM pUrvakRta karmavAda kA nirasana kara sabakI paraspara sApekSatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai "kAla evaikaH sarvasyAsya jagataH kAraNaM tathA svabhAva eva niyatireva pUrvakRtameva puruSakAra evetyevamaparanirapekSatayaikAntena kAlAdInAM kAraNatvenAzrayaNAnmithyAtvaM, tathAhi astyeva jIva itvevamastinA saha jIvasya samAnAdhikaraNyAt yadyAdasti tattaMjIva iti prAptam, ato niravadhAraNapakSasamAzrayaNAdiha samyaktvamabhihitaM tathA kAlAdInAmapi samuditAnAM parasparasavyapekSANAM kaarnntvenehaashrynnaatsmyktvmiti| kAlavAdI ekamAtra kAla ko hI samasta jagata kA kAraNa batAtA hai evaM svabhAvavAdI ekamAtra svabhAva ko tathA niyativAdI kevala niyati ko aura prArabdhavAdI kevala pUrvakRta karma ko aura puruSakAravAdI ekamAtra puruSakAra ko sabakA kAraNa mAnate haiN| ye loga dUsare kI apekSA na karake eka mAtra kAla Adi eka ko hI kAraNa mAnate haiM

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572 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa isalie mithyAdRSTi haiN| yadi 'astyeva jIvaH' jIva hI hai yaha mAnA jAya to isakA artha yaha hai ki jo jo hai vaha saba jIva hai, parantu aisA mAnane se ajIva padArtha sarvathA na rahegA, ataH ekAnta pakSa ko chor3akara anekAnta se hI mata samyak hotA hai / paraspara milakara eka dUsare kI apekSA se kAla Adi ko kAraNa mAnane para hI samyaktva hotA hai| kAla Adi pratyeka padArtha pRthak-pRthak kAraNa nahIM hai isalie inako pRthak~ pRthak kAraNa mAnanA mithyAtva hai, ataH mithyAtva ko chor3akara ina sabako paraspara kI apekSA se kAraNa mAnanA samyagvAda hai / " zIlAMkAcArya kahate haiM ki Arhatamata meM koI sukha-duHkha Adi niyati se hote haiM kyoMki una sukha-duHkhoM ke kAraNa svarUpa karma kA kisI avasara vizeSa meM avazya udaya hotA hai| isalie ve sukha - duHkha kathaMcit niyatikRta haiN| sabhI sukhaduHkha niyatikRta nahIM hote haiM kintu puruSa ke udyoga, kAla, Izvara, svabhAva aura karma Adi ke dvArA kie hue hote haiN| ataH Arhata mata meM sukha-duHkha Adi ko kathaMcit puruSakAra sAdhya hI mAnA gayA hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki kriyA se phala kI utpatti hotI hai aura vaha kriyA puruSArtha ke AdhIna hai / 56 zIlAMkAcArya niyativAdI kI ora se doSa kA utthApana karate haiM- "puruSakAra samAna hone para bhI phala meM vicitratA dekhI jAtI hai| isalie niyati hI vicitratA kA kAraNa hai|" unhoMne niyativAdiyoM ke AkSepa kA nirAkaraNa karate hue kahA hai- vastutaH yaha dUSaNa nahIM hai kyoMki puruSakAra kI vicitratA bhI phala kI vicitratA kA kAraNa hotI hai tathA samAna puruSArtha karane para bhI jo kisI ko phala nahIM milatA hai vaha usake adRSTa (bhAgya) kA phala hai| usa adRSTa ko bhI hama loga (Arhata) sukha-duHkha Adi kA kAraNa mAnate haiN| isI taraha kAla bhI kartA hai| kyoMki bakula, campaka, azoka, punnAga, nAga, Ama Adi vRkSoM meM viziSTa kAla meM hI phUla-phala kI utpatti hotI hai| sarvadA nahIM hotI hai| niyativAdiyoM ne jo yaha kahA hai ki "kAla ekarUpa hai isalie usase vicitra jagat kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI hai|" yaha bhI hama logoM ke lie doSa nahIM hai kyoMki hama loga ekamAtra kAla ko hI kartA nahIM mAnate haiM, apitu karma ko bhI kartA mAnate haiM ataH karma kI vicitratA ke kAraNa jagat kI vicitratA hotI hai isalie hama ArhatoM ke mata meM koI doSa nahIM hai / 57 zIlAMka kahate haiM ki svabhAva bhI kathaMcit kartA hai, kyoMki AtmA kA upayoga svarUpa aura asaMkhya pradezI honA, pugaloM kA mUrtta honA, dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya kA gati sthiti meM sahAyaka honA evaM amUrta honA- yaha saba svabhAvakRta hI hai| "svabhAva AtmA se bhinna hai athavA abhinna hai" ityAdi niyativAdI ne jo svabhAvakartRtva meM doSa

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 573 batAyA hai vaha doSa nahIM hai, kyoMki svabhAva AtmA se bhinna nahIM hai aura AtmA kartA hai yaha hamane svIkAra kiyA hai| ata: AtmA kA kartRtva svabhAvakRta hI hai tathA karma bhI kartA hai kyoMki vaha jIvapradeza ke sAtha paraspara milakara rahatA huA kathaMcit jIva se abhinna hai| usI karma ke vaza AtmA nAraka, tiryaca, manuSya aura amaragati meM bhramaNa karatA huA sukha-duHkha ko bhogatA hai|8 zIlAMka kahate haiM ki Izvara bhI kartA hai, AtmA hI alaga-alaga sthAnoM para utpatti hone ke kAraNa samasta jagata meM vyApta hone se Izvara hai| usa AtmA kA sukhaduHkha kI utpatti meM kartRtva sabhI vAdiyoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai| Izvara meM jo mUrta-amUrta Adi kA dUSaNa diyA gayA hai, vaha hamAre dvArA svIkRta AtmA rUpa Izvara meM lAgU nahIM hotaa| zIlAMkAcArya kA yaha kathana naya vizeSa kI apekSA se grAhya ho sakatA hai anyathA jaina darzana meM sRSTikartA Izvara kA sthAna nahIM hai|59 AcArya zIlAMka kahate haiM ki karma bhI kartA hotA hai| vaha jIva pradezoM ke sAtha anyonya rUpa se anupraviSTa aura vyavasthita hai| kathaMcit vaha AtmA se abhinna bhI hai| AtmA kathaMcit usI karma ke kAraNa nAraka, tiryaka, manuSya aura devabhava meM bhramaNa karatA huA sukha-duHkhAdi kA anubhava karatA hai| isa prakAra niyati evaM aniyati donoM kA kartRtva yukti se upapanna hone para mAtra niyati kA hI kartRtva svIkAra karane vAle niyativAdI nirbuddhika siddha hote haiN|60 / isa prakAra AcArya zIlAMka ne jaina darzana meM ekAnta niyativAda kA nirasana karate hue kathaMcit kAla, svabhAva, AtmA, pUrvakRta karma evaM puruSakAra kI bhI kArya kI kAraNatA meM sApekSa dRSTi se sthAna diyA hai evaM sabakI kAraNatA svIkAra karane para hI use samyaktva kI zreNi meM liyA hai| 4. abhayadeva sUri- siddhasenasUri ke TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri sanmatitarka para TIkA karate hue kahate haiM ki pramANa se kAla Adi kA ekAnta saMbhava nahIM hai| inakA pRthakpRthak vAda mithyAvAda hai aura ye hI anyonya kI apekSA rakhakara nityAdi ekAnta kA nivAraNa karate haiN| ye ekAneka svabhAva vAle hokara kArya ke saMpAdanaM meM samartha hote haiM aura pramANa ke viSaya hone se paramArtha sat hote haiN| isalie unake pratipAdaka zAstra kI bhI samyaktA hai aura inakA samanvita vAda samyak vAda hai| uparyukta samanvaya karane se pUrva abhayadevasUri ne vizada rUpa se kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, niyativAda, karmavAda aura puruSavAda kI aikAntikatA kA khaNDana kiyA hai|

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574 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 5. malladhArI rAjazekhara sUri- rAjazekharasUri (12-13vIM zatI) SaDdarzanasamuccaya meM mukti-prApti ke prasaMga meM paMca samavAya ko uddhRta karate hue likhate haiM kAlasvabhAvaniyati - cetnetrkrmnnaam| bhavitavyAtA pAke, muktirbhavati naanythaa||62 kAla, svabhAva, niyati, puruSakAra-udyama aura pUrvakRta zubhAzubha karma- ina pA~ca kAraNoM kA yoga milane para hI jIva kI mukti hotI hai, ina pA~coM kAraNoM ke binA mukti nahIM miltii| 6. upAdhyAya yazovijaya- nayopadeza meM upAdhyAya yazovijaya kahate haiM"sakala nayoM kI dRSTi se mUMga pakane ke dRSTAnta dvArA pA~ca kAraNa siddhAnta se siddha haiM tathA sarvatra unakI saMgati svIkArya hai| sarva nayoM kA samAveza hone se usakA yaha samyak rUpa hai| eka kAraNa vizeSa ko mAnane para durnaya hone se vaha mithyA rUpa hotA hai, jaisA ki AcArya siddhasena ne kahA- 'kAlo sahAva NiyaI pavvakayaM purisakAraNegaMtA, micchattaM ca teva u samAsao hoMti smmttmiti|' yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki bhavyatva se hI mokSa kI siddhi hotI hai tathA anya kAraNa samudAya niSprayojana hai| yahA~ para bhavyatva ke sAtha hI anya kAraNoM kA bhI praveza ho jAtA hai| "jaM jahA bhagavayA dig taM tahA viprinnmii|" arthAt bhagavAna ke dvArA jo jaisA dekhA gayA hai vaha usI prakAra pariNamana karatA hai| isa bhagavadvacana meM 'tathA' pada ke dvArA anya kAraNoM kA bhI saMgraha ho jAtA hai| upAdhyAya yazovijaya ne yahA~ puruSArtha Adi kAraNoM ko bhI mahattva diyA hai tathA bhagavAna kI sarvajJatA ko bhI aMgIkAra kiyA hai| bhagavAn jaisA dekhate haiM usI prakAra samasta kAraNoM kA yoga banatA hai| saMbhavata: 'jahA' (yathA) evaM 'tahA' (tathA) pada mahattvapUrNa hai| bhagavAna ke dvArA kArya ko jina kAraNoM se utpanna hotA huA dekhA jAtA hai (jahA) unhIM vividha kAraNoM se vaha utpanna hotA hai, jise yahA~ 'tahA' pada ke dvArA spaSTa kiyA gayA hai|"63 ____7. upAdhyAya vinayavijaya- 17vIM zatI meM upAdhyAya vinayavijaya jI ne kAlAdi pA~ca kAraNoM para gujarAtI bhASA meM dohA evaM DhAla ke rUpa meM stavana kI racanA kI hai| unhoMne sundara rIti se syAdvAda evaM nayavAda ke mAdhyama se kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, bhavitavyatAvAda (niyativAda), karmavAda evaM udyamavAda (puruSArthavAda) meM samanvaya sthApita kiyA hai| vinayavijaya jI ne pahale kAlavAda Adi sabhI vAdoM ke

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 575 pakSa ko yuktiyukta rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai evaM tadanantara pA~coM kI apekSA siddha karate hue kahA hai o pA~ce samudAya milyA biNa, koI kAja na siijhe| aMgulIyoge karataNI pare, je bujhe to rIjhe re|| arthAt kAlAdi pA~ca kAraNoM ke samudAya ke mile binA koI bhI kArya siddha nahIM hotaa| jisa prakAra aMguliyo kA yoga hone para hI hAtha se kArya hotA hai usI prakAra pA~coM ke samudAya kI apekSA hai| jo isa tathya ko jAna lete haiM ve prasanna rahate haiN| prAcIna digambarAcAryoM kA yogadAna amRtacandrAcArya (10vIM zatI) ne pravacanasAra kI TIkA ke anta meM 47 nayoM kI carcA kI hai, jisameM unhoMne niyatinaya, svabhAvanaya, kAlanaya, puruSakAranaya aura daivanaya kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA hai| niyati naya kA svarUpa nirUpita karate hue ve kahate haiM- 'niyatinaTona niymitaussnnyvhnivnniytsvbhaavbhaasi|5 arthAt jisa prakAra vahni meM uSNatA niyamita rUpa se hone ke kAraNa niyati hai usI prakAra AtmA kI svaprakAzakatA niyata hai| svabhAvanaya kA svarUpa nirUpaNa karate hue unhoMne kahA ki paryAyagata anAdi saMskAra ko AtmA kA jJAna-darzana-cAritra kA svabhAva nirarthaka karane vAlA hai jaise ki kA~Te kI tIkSNatA kA svbhaav|66 svabhAva naya se AtmA kA jo svabhAva hai usameM kisI ke saMskAra nahIM pdd'te| saMskAra kSaNika paryAya meM kAma kara sakate haiM, dhruva svabhAva meM nhiiN| kAlanaya kI carcA meM ve kahate haiM ki AtmA ko kAla kA paripAka hone para hI siddhi prApta hotI hai jaise koI Ama grISmakAla meM paripakva hotA hai|67 puruSakAranaya ke saMdarbha meM unakA kathana haiM- 'puruSakAranayena puruSakAropalabdhamadhukukkuTIka purusskaarvaadiytnsaadhysiddhiH| 8 arthAt puruSa ko puruSArtha dvArA nIbU kA vRkSa yA madhuchattA prApta hotA hai, aise puruSArthavAdI ke samAna Atmadravya yatnasAdhya siddhivAlA hai| daivanaya kI siddhi meM kahate haiM ki daivanaya se jise puruSArtha dvArA nIbU kA vRkSa yA madhuchattA prApta huA hai aura usameM se jise binA prayatna ke hI acAnaka mANikya prApta ho gayA hai- aise daivavAdI ke samAna AtmA ayatnasAdhya siddhivAlA hai| isa prakAra nayoM ke mAdhyama se kAraNa paMcaka kA vivecana amRtacandrAcArya ne kiyA hai| padmapurANa meM kAla, svabhAva Adi kI carcA prApta hotI hai| vahA~ para kAla, karma, Izvara, daiva, svabhAva, puruSa, kriyA aura niyati zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai|

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576 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa paMcAstikAya para jayasenAcArya (12vIM zatI) viracita tAtparyavRtti meM 'kAlAdilabdhivazAt' zabda kA prayoga huA hai, jo kAlAdi pA~ca kAraNoM kI ora saMketa karatA hai| .71 Adhunika yuga meM paMca samavAya kA pratiSThApana paMca samavAya ko Adhunika yuga meM lagabhaga sabhI jaina sampradAyoM ke AcAryoM, saMtoM evaM vidvatjanoM ne jaina dRSTi se kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta kI vyAkhyA meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna diyA hai| Aja paMca samavAya zabda jaina dharma kI sabhI sampradAyoM meM vizruta hai| isa siddhAnta kA Adhunika yuga meM pratipAdana karane vAle AcAryoM, saMtoM evaM vidvAnoM meM katipaya nAma isa prakAra hai- zrI tilokaRSi jI mahArAja, zatAvadhAnI zrI ratnacandra jI mahArAja, AcArya zrI vijayalakSmIsUrIzvara jI mahArAja, muni nyAyavijaya jI mahArAja, zrIkAnajI svAmI, AcArya zrI javAharalAla jI mahArAja, AcArya zrI hastImala jI mahArAja, AcArya zrI AtmArAma jI mahArAja, paM. zrIsamarthamala jI mahArAja, divAkara zrI cauthamala jI mahArAja, AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja, kSullaka zrI jinendravarNI jI, upAdhyAya zrI amaramuni jI mahArAja, AcArya zrI mahAprajJa jI mahArAja, AcArya zrI vijayamuni jI mahArAja, AcArya zrI vijayabhuvanabhAnu sUrIzvara jI mahArAja, AcArya zrI vijayaratnasundarasUrIzvara jI mahArAja, paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, paM. becaradAsa dozI, paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, zrutadhara zrI prakAzamuni jI mahArAja, mahopAdhyAya zrI mAnavijaya jI mahArAja, zrI haribhadrasUrIzvara jI mahArAja, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla aadi| yahA~ samasta AcAryoM, munivaryoM evaM vidvatjanoM ke nAmoM kI gaNanA saMbhava nahIM, sthUla rUpa se hI yahA~ kucha nAma ginAe gae haiN| / yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina kAraNavAda ke saMdarbha meM paMca samavAya kA koI bhI jainAcArya yA jaina vidvAn virodha nahIM karate haiM / samarthana meM sabakA sAhitya prApta nahIM hotA, kyoMki sAhitya kA lekhana kucha hI AcAryoM, saMtoM evaM vidvAnoM dvArA kiyA jAtA hai, sabake dvArA nhiiN| hA~, apane pravacanoM evaM praznottaroM ke mAdhyama se saba paMca samavAya kA samarthana karate hue hI dRSTigocara hote haiM, virodha karate hue nhiiN| isalie hI yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki Adhunika yuga meM paMca samavAya kA siddhAnta supratiSThita evaM sarva jaina sampradAya dvArA mAnya siddhAnta hai| yahA~ para kucha AcAryoM, saMtoM evaM vidvAnoM ke paMca samavAya viSayaka vicAra prastuta haiM tilokaRSi jI mahArAja sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke santa kavi zrI tiloka RSi jI mahArAja (saMvat 1930) ne savaiyA chanda meM nibaddha kAvya ke antargata kAlavAdI, svabhAvavAdI,

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 577 bhavitavyatAvAdI, pUrvakRta karmavAdI evaM puruSArthavAdI kI mAnyatAoM kA vizada nirUpaNa karane ke sAtha sabameM samanvaya sthApita kiyA hai| unhoMne mukti-prApti ke lie paMca samavAya ko Avazyaka svIkAra kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM 'paMca samavAya milyA hota hai kAraNa saba, eka samavAya milyA kAraNa na hoiye| paMca samavAya mAne so hI samadRSTi jIva, anubho lagAya dUra dRSTi kara joiye||' mukti meM paMca samavAya kisa prakAra Avazyaka hai, use zrI trilokaRSijI ne padya meM isa prakAra nibaddha kiyA hai pUchata hai ziSya kara jor3I gurudeva setI, kaisI rIti paMca samavAya mokSa lhie| suNa vatsa guru kahe kAla labdhi binA jIva, pAve nahIM zivapada tAte same ghie|| vinai kara kahe ziSya kAla bhavi abhavi ke, abhavI na pAve ziva kAraNatA khie| guru vade kAla hai ye nahIM hai svabhAvatA meM, kahata tiloka kaise mugati meM lhie|| bhavI ko svabhAva mokSa jAvaNa ko hai to phira, sabhI bhavIjIva kyoM na jAve niravANa hai| guru kahe niyati je nizce samakita guNa, jAge jana mokSa bina jAgyA hota hANa hai|| samakitavaMta rAjA mAdhava zreNika Adi, mukti meM na gayA so to kaunasI binnANa hai| kahata tiloka ghaNA pUraba karmatathA, udyama na kiyo hose pragaTyo na bhANa haiN|| .

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578 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa jAlI uvayAlI abhai dhanno sunakSatra megha, zAlibhadra Adi karI karaNI karArI hai| tapa japa vrata so to kIno jyAM udyAma ati, mukti meM na gayA muni sura avatArI hai| tiNa ko kAraNa zubha karma rahyA zeSavatI, nirjarA na bhaI sana joga milyA cArI hai| kahata tilokarikha paMcasamavAya binA, mokSa nahIM jAya koI nizcai uradhArI hai|| zatAvadhAnI zrI ratanacandra jI mahArAja 'kAraNa saMvAda nAmaka kRti meM bIsavIM zatI ke zatAvadhAnI zrI ratnacandra jI mahArAja ne kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSArtha- ina pA~coM kI sApekSatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| unhoMne nATaka ke rUpa meM isa kRti kI racanA rocaka rUpa meM kI hai| kAlavAdI, svabhAvavAdI, niyativAdI, pUrvakRta karmavAdI, puruSArthavAdI, rAjA, maMtrI evaM paMDita Adi pAtroM ke mAdhyama se paMca samavAya kA nirUpaNa atyanta rocaka evaM AkarSaka hai| rAjA pAtra ke mAdhyama se zatAvadhAnI zrI ratnacandra jI mahArAja kahate haiM"vAdiyoM aura sbhaasdoN| kAla, svabhAva, pUrvakarma, puruSArtha aura niyati ina pA~coM kA svataMtra kAraNatA ke lie jo abhimAnapUrNa vaktavya hai, vaha mithyA hai|.... inakI svataMtra kAraNatA siddha nahIM hotI, kintu sApekSa kAraNatA siddha hotI hai| pA~coM vAdI sAtha milakara sukha-duHkha, lAbha-alAbha, jIvana-maraNa Adi meM kAraNabhUta ho sakate haiM arthAt pA~coM kA samavAya (samudAya) kAraNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| pA~coM kI samAna kAraNatA hone para bhI gauNa yA mukhya bhAva to hai hii| Rtu ke parivartana Adi kaI kAryoM meM kAla kI pradhAna kAraNatA aura dUsaroM kI gauNatA hai| svabhAva kI prAya: saba jagaha samAna kAraNatA hai| jIvana zaktiyA~, zarIra, aMgopAMga, indriyA~, prANa Adi sampatti meM pUrva karma kI pradhAnatA hai, puruSArtha prabhRti kI gauNatA hai| zaktiyoM kA vikAsa karane meM, vidyA, hunara, kalA, vijJAna, zodha Adi meM puruSArtha kI pradhAnatA aura pUrva karma Adi kI gauNatA hai| acAnaka vighnoM meM niyati kI pradhAnatA aura anya kI gauNatA hai| isa prakAra pratyeka vAdI ko apane-apane viSaya meM pradhAnatA aura anya sthala para apanI gauNatA svIkAra karake garva aura adhika vAda chor3a denA cAhie tathA paraspara kI sAmarthya svIkAra karanI caahie|"73

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.. jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 579 isa prakAra pA~ca samavAyoM meM gauNa-pradhAna bhAva saMbhava hai, kintu kisI eka kI kAraNatA se hI koI kArya nahIM hotA hai| sabake sahayoga se kArya sampanna hotA hai| AcArya vijayalakSmI sUrIzvara jI mahArAja _ 'upadeza prAsAda' nAmaka kRti meM AcArya zrI vijayalakSmIsUrIzvara jI mahArAja ne kAlavAda Adi pA~coM meM samanvaya sthApita karate hue kahA hai kAlAdipaMcabhiH kAryamanyo'nyaM svypeksskaiH| saMpRktA yAMti samyaktvamime vyastAH kudrshnm|| arthAt kAla ityAdi pA~coM kAraNoM kI apekSA hone para kArya hotA hai| ina pA~coM ke samavAya ko mAnane vAlA samyaktvI kahalAtA hai aura inakI alaga-alaga kAraNatA ko svIkAra karane vAlA mithyAtvI kahalAtA hai| munizrI nyAyavijaya jI 'jaina darzana' nAmaka kRti meM muni nyAyavijaya jI ne paMca samavAya ke saMdarbha meM likhA hai- "ye pA~coM hI kAraNa apane-apane sthAna para upayogI haiM, eka kAraNa ko sarvathA prAdhAnya dekara dUsare ko ur3AyA nahIM jAtA athavA sarvathA gauNa sthAna para use hama nahIM rakha skte| yadi kAlavAdI kAla ko hI prAdhAnya dekara dUsaroM kA yathAyogya mUlyAMkana na kare to usakI bhrAMti hai| kAnajI svAmI 'nayaprajJApana' nAmaka grantha meM kAnajI svAmI (20vIM zatI) ne niyati, svabhAva, kAla, puruSArtha aura daiva ina pA~ca nayoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| amRtacandrAcArya kI pravacanasAra kI TIkA ke vAkyoM ko AdhAra banAkara Adhunika yuga ke vyAkhyAkAra kAnajI svAmI ne ina nayoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| unake pratipAdana kA sArAMza yahA~ prastuta hai- jaba AtmA ko niyati naya se dekhate haiM taba AtmA apanA caitanya svabhAva hone se eka rUpa bhAsita hotI hai| kAnajI svAmI kahate haiM- "yahA~ dravya ke trikAlI svabhAva ko hI niyata kahA hai|"7 caitanyapanA AtmA kA nitya svabhAva hai| AtmA kA sahaja nirapekSa zuddha svabhAva bhI niyata hai| niyata naya AtmA ko sadA jJAyaka svarUpa hI dekhatA hai| niyati kA samyak svarUpa pratipAdita karate hue svAmI jI kahate haiM- "pA~ca samavAya meM jo bhavitavya athavA niyati AtI hai vaha samyak niyativAda hai, usake

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580 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa sAtha dUsare cAra samavAya bhI A jAte haiN| jo hotA hai vaha saba niyata hI hai, parantu isa niyata ke nirNaya meM jJAtAsvabhAva kA puruSArtha bhI hai, isalie puruSArtha A gyaa| usa samaya jo nirmala svaparyAya prakaTa huI vaha kAla hai| svabhAva meM jo paryAya thI vaha prakaTa huI utane karmoM meM aMzoM kA abhAva huA, ataH pUrvakRta karma bhI A gyaa| svabhAvanaya se dekhane para jo AtmA kA svabhAva hai usameM kisI ke saMskAra nahIM pdd'te| saMskAra kSaNika paryAya meM kAma kara sakate haiM, dhruvasvabhAva meM nhiiN| jaisebhavya jIva kA svabhAva samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritra prApta karane kI zakti rUpa hai| kAla kI kAraNatA svIkAra karate hue ve kahate haiM- AtmA kI mukti jisa samaya honI hai, usI samaya hogI- aisA kAlanaya se AtmA kA eka dharma hai| jisa kAla meM mukti hotI hai, usa kAla meM vaha puruSArtha pUrvaka hI hotI hai, parantu puruSArtha se kathana na karake 'svakAla se mukti huI hai' - aisA kAlanaya kI apekSA se kahA jAtA hai| puruSArtha kI mukti meM kAraNatA spaSTa karate hue kAnajI svAmI kahate haiM"AtmA kI siddhi yatna sAdhya hai| jisa prakAra koI manuSya nIbU kA bIja bove to nIbU kA vRkSa hotA hai, usI prakAra caitanyasvabhAva ke sammukha hokara usakI ruci aura ekAgratA se AtmA kI siddhi prApta hotI hai- yaha puruSakAra naya kA kathana hai|"80 puruSArtha dharma haTAkara akele niyati naya se AtmA kI mukti mAne vaha mithyAdRSTi hai, kyoMki usane vastuta: AtmA ko svIkAra hI nahIM kiyaa| antara (bhItara) ke prayatna se mukti hotI hai- aisA AtmA kA dharma hai tathA yatnasAdhya dharma se AtmA ko lakSya meM lene vAlA puruSakAra naya hai|" daiva naya kI dRSTi se ve kahate haiM- "jaba jIva apane svabhAva-sanmukhatA kA puruSArtha karatA hai, taba isake sAtha hI karmoM kA nAza ho jAtA hai| kamoM kA nAza karane ke lie pRthak se yatna nahIM karanA pdd'taa| isa apekSA se yaha kahA hai ki AtmA kI siddhi ayatnasAdhya hai- aisA daivanaya kA kathana hai|81 samanvayAtmaka dRSTi se inakA yaha kathana atyadhika mahattvapUrNa hai- "vastu meM samasta dharma eka sAtha hai, parantu chadmastha ke zrutajJAna meM naya hote haiM aura una nayoM kI apekSA mukhyatA gauNatA hotI hai| eka naya dUsare nayoM ke viSayabhUta dharmoM ko gauNa karatA hai, parantu unakA sarvathA niSedha nahIM krtaa| yadi vaha dUsare dharma kA sarvathA niSedha kare to anekAMtamaya vastu svarUpa hI siddha na ho arthAt vastu kA pramANa jJAna hI na hoaisI sthiti meM naya bhI nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki naya to zrutajJAna pramANa ke aMza ko kahate haiN|

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 581 AcArya mahAprajJa terApaMtha sampradAya ke AcArya mahAprajJa ne AtmakartRtvavAda ke saMdarbha meM kAraNapaMcaka sApekSatA svIkAra kI hai| unake kathanoM ko yahA~ uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| 3 ve kahate haiM- "kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSArtha ye saba naya hai, inakI sApekSatA ke dvArA hI AtmakartRtvavAda kI vyAkhyA kI jA sakatI hai| kAla Adi pA~coM kAraNa samanvita hokara hI kisI tathya kI sahI vyAkhyA prastuta kara sakate haiN| " manuSya kI kArya karane kI svataMtratA ko bhI AcArya mahAprajJa ne sApekSa svIkAra kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM- "jisameM kAla, svabhAva, niyati yA bhAgya kA yoga adhika hotA hai, usameM manuSya vicAra meM svataMtra hote hue bhI kArya karane meM paratantra hotA hai| jisameM puruSArtha kA yoga adhika hotA hai usameM manuSya kAlAdi yogoM se paratantra hote hue bhI kArya karane meM svataMtra hotA hai| isa prakAra manuSya kI kArya karane kI svataMtratA sApekSa hI hotI hai| nirapekSa, nirantara aura nirbAdha nahIM hotii| sApekSavAda kI dRSTi se kisI bhI tattva ko prAthamikatA yA mukhyatA nahIM dI jA sktii| apane-apane sthAna para saba prAthamika aura mukhya haiN| kAla kA kArya svabhAva nahIM kara sakatA aura svabhAva kA kArya kAla nahIM kara sktaa| bhAgya kA kArya puruSArtha nahIM kara sakatA aura puruSArtha kA kArya bhAgya nahIM kara sktaa| phira bhI kartRtva ke kSetra meM puruSArtha agraNI hai / " "puruSArtha se kAla ke yoga ko pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kintu kAla kI avadhi meM parivartana kiyA jA sakatA hai| puruSArtha se bhAgya ke yoga ko pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kintu bhAgya meM parivartana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa|" "kAla, svabhAva Adi ko jJAna kA varadahasta prApta nahIM hai, isalie ve puruSArtha ko kama prabhAvita karate haiM / puruSArtha ko jJAna kA varadahasta prApta hai, isalie vaha kAla, svabhAva Adi ko adhika prabhAvita karatA hai|" "mahAvIra ne karma kI udIraNA aura saMkramaNa ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kara bhAgyavAda kA bhAgya puruSArtha ke adhIna kara diyaa| karma ke udIraNA kA siddhAnta hai ki karma kI avadhi ko ghaTAyA bar3hAyA jA sakatA hai aura usakI phala dene kI zakti ko maMda aura tIvra kiyA jA sakatA hai| karma ke saMkramaNa kA siddhAnta hai ki asat prayatna kI utkaTatA ke dvArA puNya ko pApa meM badalA jA sakatA hai aura sat prayatna kI tIvratA ke dvArA pApa ko puNya meM badalA jA sakatA hai| manuSya jaisA karma karatA hai, vaisA phala bhogatA hai- karmavAda ke isa ekAdhikAra ko yadi udIraNA aura saMkramaNa kA siddhAnta

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582 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa sImita nahIM karatA to manuSya bhAgya ke hAtha kA khilaunA hotaa| usakI svataMtratA samApta ho jaatii| phira Izvara kI adhInatA aura karma kI adhInatA meM koI antara nahIM hotaa| kintu udIraNA aura saMkramaNa ke siddhAnta ne manuSya ko bhAgya ke ekAdhikAra se mukta kara svataMtratA ke dIvaTa para puruSArtha ke pradIpa ko prajvalita kara diyaa|" AcArya mahAprajJa ne pA~ca samavAya ko dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva nAmaka cAra dRSTiyoM kA vikAsa svIkAra kiyA hai, yathA- "dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva- ye cAra dRSTiyA~ jaina darzana meM hI upalabdha haiM, anyatra kahIM prApta nahIM hai| uttarakAla meM jainAcAryoM ne inakA vikAsa kiyaa| cAra AdezoM ke sthAna para pA~ca samavAyoM kA vikAsa huA hai- svabhAva, kAla, niyati, puruSArtha, bhAgya yA krm| ye pA~ca samavAya cAra dRSTiyoM kA vikAsa hai| ina pA~ca samavAyoM ko samAhita kiyA jAye to ye sAre cAra dRSTiyoM meM samAhita ho jAte haiN| agara vibhakta kiyA jAe to ye pA~ca uttaravartI dRSTiyA~ aura cAra pUrvavartI dRSTiyA~- nau niyama prastuta hote haiN| AcArya zrI vijayaratnasundarasUri jI mahArAja - apane vizAla sAhitya meM AcArya vijayaratnasundarasUri jI mahArAja ne patipatnI, pitA-putra, sAsa-bahU Adi ke bIca meM utpanna hone vAlI samasyAoM ke nirAkaraNa meM paMca samavAya ke siddhAnta ko AdhAra banAyA hai| unhoMne vibhinna ghaTanAoM ke marma meM jAkara yaha pratipAdita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki sabhI samasyAoM kA hala paMca samavAya ke mAdhyama se saMbhava hai| zrutadhara zrI prakAzamuni jI ma.sA. paM. samarthamala jI ma.sA. ke ziSyaratna zrutadhara zrI prakAzamuni jI mahArAja se paMca samavAya ke vibhinna binduoM para jodhapura meM carcA huI, katipaya jijJAsAoM kA uttara patra ke mAdhyama se prApta huaa| paMca samavAya ke saMbaMdha meM unakA mantavya isa prakAra hai- "kArya siddhi ke jitane bhI kAraNa haiM, unakA pA~ca samavAyoM meM samAveza ho jAtA hai| jaise gehU~ meM gehU~ paidA karane kI kSamatA hai tathA jau, bAjarA, jvAra,makkA Adi paidA karane kI nhiiN| yaha svabhAva samavAya hai| gehU~ meM gehU~ paidA karane kA sAmarthya hote hue bhI kisAna kA puruSArtha, miTTI, pAnI evaM khAda kA saMyoga Avazyaka hai| gehU~ samaya ke paripAka se sAtha hI pakatA hai| yaha puruSakAra evaM kAla samavAya hai| miTTI Adi anya kAraNoM kA puruSakAra kAraNa meM samAveza kara diyA gayA hai| hajAroM lAkhoM TanoM meM kucha dAne aise bhI hote haiM jo ina saba kAraNoM ke prApta hone para bhI aMkurita nahIM hote haiN| ise niyati samavAya kahA gayA hai| jinakI niyati ugane kI thI ve vikAsa ko prApta

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 583 ho gae aura jinakI niyati paidA hone kI nahIM thI ve binA aMkurita hue hI raha ge| sabhI dAnoM meM naye gehU~ paidA karane kI yogyatA hote hue bhI kucha dAne hI kheta meM DAle jAte haiN| adhika dAne to ATA Adi banAkara logoM ke upabhoga meM A jAte haiN| yaha pUrvakarma samavAya hai| isa prakAra aneka prakAra ke madhyavartI kAraNoM ko inhIM pA~coM meM samAviSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne gaNadharavAda kI prastAvanA meM kAlAdi kAraNoM ke samavAya ko svIkAra karate hue kahA hai- "kArya kI utpatti kevala eka hI kAraNa para Azrita nahIM, parantu usakA AdhAra kAraNa sAmagrI hai| isa siddhAnta ke bala para jainAcAryoM ne kahA ki kevala karma hI kAraNa nahIM hai, kAlAdi bhI sahakArI kAraNa haiN| isa prakAra sAmagrIvAda ke AdhAra para karma aura kAlAdi kA samanvaya huaa| isase jJAta hotA hai ki jaina bhI karma ko ekamAtra kAraNa nahIM mAnate, parantu gauNa-mukhya bhAva kI apekSA se kAlAdi sabhI kAraNoM ko mAnate haiN| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI ke pUrva nidezaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina se jodhapura meM huI carcA meM unakA mata thA- "aisA lagatA hai ki sanmati tarka meM usa samaya cala rahe siddhAntoM ke samanvaya ke antargata paMca samavAya bhI eka anyatama siddhAnta hai| paMca samavAya ko kAraNoM kA samanvayakArI sUtra kahA jA sakatA hai| DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla digambara paramparA ke vidvAn DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla kahate haiM- "jaba kArya hotA hai, taba pA~coM hI samavAya niyama se hote hI haiM aura usameM niyata dharma-aniyata dharma, svabhAva dharma-asvabhAva dharma, kAla dharma-akAla dharma evaM puruSakAra dharma-daiva dharma ye ATha nayoM ke viSayabhUta AtmA ke ATha dharmoM kA yogadAna bhI samAna rUpa se hotA hI hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki AtmA kI siddhi ke sampUrNa sAdhana AtmA meM hI vidyamAna haiM, use apanI siddhi ke lie yahA~-vahA~ jhAMkane kI yA bhaTakane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai|87 isa prakAra Adhunika kAla meM paMca samavAya kA siddhAnta supratiSThita hai| yahA~ namUne ke rUpa meM kucha AcAryoM,saMtoM evaM vidvAnoM ke vicAra hI saMkalita kie gae haiN| anya vidvAn bhI ina vicAroM se asahamata dikhAI nahIM die haiN|

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584 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa mukti prApti meM paMca samavAya kI kAraNatA ___ jIvoM ke mukta hone meM kAlAdi kAraNa paMcaka kA samanvaya yA samavAya Avazyaka hai| mukti-prApti meM prathama AdhAra jIva kA bhavya honA hai, jise svabhAva kAraNa kahA jA sakatA hai| mokSa rUpa phala meM caramAvarta kAla, caramAvartakAla meM bhI koI viziSTa utsarpiNI-avasarpiNI kAla, duSama-suSamAdi ArA, zuklapAkSika honA kAla kI nimittatA ko prakaTa karate haiN| mukti yogya kAla kA saMyoga abhavya jIvoM ko bhI milatA hai phira bhI ve na to mukta hote haiM, na unameM mukti kI saMbhAvanA niyata hotI hai aura na unameM mukti mArga ke anurUpa puruSArtha-parAkrama hotA hai kyoMki niraMjana,nirAkAra, nirlepa bananA yaha abhavya jIva kA svabhAva hI nahIM hai isalie kAla ke yoga se unameM ziva sukha kA prAdurbhAva nahIM hotA hai| mukti kI ora gamana yaha svabhAva bhavya jIvoM meM hI pAyA jAtA hai| ina bhavI jIvoM ko kAla kA yoga bhI milatA hai phira bhI dekhA jAtA hai ki sabhI bhavya jIva mokSa nahIM jaate| isase spaSTa hai ki svabhAva va kAla do kA samavAya hone mAtra se jIva mokSa nahIM jA sktaa| yadi ina do samavAya se hI mukti kI yogyatA jIva meM prakaTa hotI to saMsAra ke samasta bhavI jIva mokSa meM cale jAte kintu aisA nahIM hotA hai kyoMki sabhI bhavI jIvoM kI niyati mokSa nahIM hai| samyaktva kI prApti ke binA mukti kI niyati nirmita nahIM hotI hai| sabhI bhavI jIvoM ko samyaktva kI prApti ho yaha jarUrI nahIM hai| isa prakAra zukla pAkSika banate hI samyaktva prApta kara lenA yA yAvat mokSa jAne se antarmuhUrta pahale samyaktva prApta karanA niyati kI kAraNatA ko ujAgara karatA hai| zuklapAkSika bana jAne para bhI pragADha mithyAtvAdi ke udaya se samyaktvAdi prApta na honA pUrva karma kA pariNAma hai| isI prakAra cAritra evaM mokSa prAyogya munaSya gati, paMcendriya jAti, uttama saMhanana Adi yogyatAe~ prApta honA bhI pUrvakRta karma kA pariNAma hai| ajaratA-amaratA kI prApti kI yogyatA rakhane vAle bhavya jIva ko tadanurUpa kAla kA suyoga bhI hai aura samyaktva ke pratApa se usakI mukti bhI nicita ho cukI hai| ina tInoM samavAya kI upasthiti ke bAvajUda mukti honA Avazyaka nahIM hai, kyoMki ye tInoM samavAya magadha samrATa zreNika ko bhI upalabdha the, phira bhI ve mukta nahIM hue, kAraNa ki unake pUrvakRta karmoM kA baMdhana pragADha thA arthAt pUrvakRta karma kA yoga unakI mukti meM bAdhaka thaa| gobhadra zreSThI ke putra zAlibhadra bhavI AtmA thii| ve jisa kAla meM utpanna hue usa kAla meM svayaM tIrthakara bhagavAna maujUda the aura aneka jIva siddha-buddha-mukta ho

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 585 rahe the| zAlibhadra kI AtmA ne atIta meM samyaktva prApta kiyA thA, jisase mukti unakI niyati bana cukI thI aura unameM mukti kI adamya lAlasA bhI thI evaM tadanurUpa unhoMne udyama bhI kiyaa| svabhAva, kAla, niyati va puruSArtha ina cAroM samavAyoM ke bAvajUda ve mukta nahIM hue, kyoMki karmoM kA kSaya nahIM huA thaa| isa prakAra karmoM kA vilaya mukti meM sahAyaka hotA hai| karma, kAlAdi ke yoga se zuddha svarUpa kA kucha aMza prakaTa hotA hai, aisA jIva mukti meM puruSArtha kara sakatA hai| saMyama, tapa, dhairya, sahiSNutA Adi meM jIva kA puruSArtha hI jIva ko mokSagAmI banAtA hai, jaisA ki gajasukumAra Adi mukta jIvoM ke jIvana meM huaa| gajasukumAra ke sAtha pA~coM samavAya kA yoga banA ki ve zmazAna meM samAdhilIna hokara bhI mukti ko prApta ho ge| - isa prakAra mukti-prApti meM bhI pA~ca kAraNoM kA samavAya apekSita hai| malladhArI rAjazekharasUri ne bhI 'SaDdarzana samuccaya' meM pA~coM samavAyoM se mukti svIkAra kI hai kAlasvabhAvaniyati - cetnetrkrmnnaam| bhavitavyatA pAke, muktirbhavati naanythaa||" kAla, svabhAva, niyati, puruSakAra-udyama aura pUrvakRta zubhAzubha karma- ina pA~ca kAraNoM kA yoga milane para hI jIva kI mukti hotI hai, ina pA~coM kAraNoM ke binA mukti nahIM miltii| paMca samavAya mukti meM ghaTita hotA hai- isa saMbaMdha meM AcArya mahAprajJa aura zrutadhara zrI prakAzamuni jI ma.sA. se likhita vicAra prApta hue jo isa prakAra haiM AcArya mahAprajJa kahate haiM- "paMca samavAya ko mukti mArga meM bhI ghaTita kiyA jA sakatA hai| kAla labdhi ko hama asvIkAra nahIM kreNge| zuklapakSa kA bhI eka nizcita kAla hai| jIva meM mukta hone kA svabhAva hai| mukti honA eka niyama bhI hai| mukta hone ke lie puruSArtha nitAMta apekSita hai| mukta hone ke sAtha karma kA vilaya bhI jur3A huA hai| isalie mukti mArga ke cintana meM samavAya kA cintana aprAsaMgika nahIM hai|" zrutadhara zrI prakAzamuni jI ma.sA. kA mantavya hai- "jIva ke mukta hone meM bhI pA~coM samavAyoM kA samanvaya honA Avazyaka samajhA jAtA hai| jIva kA bhavya honA svabhAva samavAya hai| zuklapAkSika bananA kAla samavAya hai| zuklapAkSika banate hI

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586 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa samyaktva prApta kara lenA yA yAvat mokSa jAne se antarmuhUrta pahale samyaktva prApta karanA niyati samavAya hai| pragADha mithyAtvAdi ke udaya se zuklapAkSika bana jAne para bhI samyaktvAdi prApta na honA pUrva karma kA samavAya hai tathA cAritra evaM mokSa prAyogya gati, jAti, saMhanana Adi yogyatAe~ prApta honA bhI pUrva karma meM samajhA jAtA hai| saMyama meM parAkrama kara mokSa prApta karanA puruSArtha samavAya hai| isa prakAra pA~coM samavAyoM ke samanvita hone se hI mokSa prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai|" vyavahArika jIvana meM paMca samavAya mukti kI prApti meM hI nahIM vyAvahArika jIvana meM bhI paMca samavAya kA prayoga anubhava meM AtA hai| yaha dhyAtavya hai ki pArivArika samanvaya, sAmAjika sudRDhatA, paryAvaraNa surakSA Adi jIvana ke vibhinna kSetroM meM kArya kI saphalatA hetu kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSArtha ina pA~coM kA samanvaya apekSita hotA hai| inameM se eka ke bhI kama hone para kArya meM saphalatA saMdigdha ho jAtI hai| vyaktigata jIvana ke vikAsa meM bhI ina pA~coM kAraNoM kI apekSA rahatI hai| koI bAlaka ema.e. kakSA kA adhyayana karanA cAhatA hai to isake lie use samucita Ayu kI prApti karanA Avazyaka hai| cAra varSa kA bAlaka cAhe to vaha ema.e. kI parIkSA nahIM de sktaa| ema.e. kA pAThyakrama do varSoM kA hotA hai| ata: usa adhyayana ke lie kAla kAraNa kI apekSA rahatI hai| koI eka kSaNa meM ema.e. pAThyakrama kA lAkha prayatna karane para bhI adhyayana nahIM kara sktaa| isI prakAra svabhAva kI kAraNatA bhI vahA~ parilakSita hotI hai| jisa bAlaka meM adhyayana kA svabhAva hogA arthAt adhyayana ke prati ruci hogii| vaha hI ema.e. kA adhyayana karane kI yogyatA arjita kara skegaa| anyathA vaha bI.e. taka bhI nahIM paha~ca skegaa| niyati kI kAraNatA bhI parokSa rUpa se svIkAra karanI hogii| kyoMki adhyayana kI avadhi meM yA usake pUrva koI aisI durghaTanA ho jAe ki vaha adhyayana ke lie jIvita hI na rahe athavA anya koI bAdhA utpanna ho jAe jisase usakA adhyayana pUrNa na ho ske| isalie yaha mAnanA hogA ki bhavitavyatA yA niyati bhI kArya kI siddhi meM eka kAraNa hai| pUrvakRta karmoM ke anusAra phala kI prApti hotI hai| isalie pUrvakRta karma ko bhI isameM kAraNa mAnanA hogaa| yadi pragADha jJAnAvaraNa karma kA udaya huA to prayatna karane para bhI vaha kucha sIkha nahIM sakegA tathA jJAnAvaraNa karma kA kSayopazama uttama huA to vaha alpa prayatna se bhI vidyAdhyayana karane meM saphala ho jaaegaa| uparyukta cAroM kAraNoM ke hone para bhI yadi chAtra kA puruSArtha na ho to vaha saphalatA arjita nahIM kara skegaa| vaha dattacitta hokara adhyayana meM lagegA tabhI use saphalatA prApta ho skegii| isa prakAra vyAvahArika jIvana meM adhyayana kA yaha udAharaNa paMca samavAya ke siddhAnta kI puSTi karatA hai isI prakAra anya kSetroM meM bhI ina pA~coM ke

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 587 paraspara samanvaya se kArya kI saphalatA ko samajhA jA sakatA hai| Aja aneka samasyAoM kI utpatti meM kalayuga yA paMcama Are ko kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai| kabhI vyakti ke svabhAva ko doSI ThaharAyA jAtA hai, kabhI kahA jAtA hai ki jo honahAra hai vaha hokara rahatA hai, kabhI apane pUrvakRta karmoM ko kosA jAtA hai, to kabhI durAcaraNa rUpa puruSArtha yA sadAcaraNa meM apuruSArtha ko kAraNa ThaharAyA jAtA hai| kintu yaha bhinnabhinna vyaktiyoM kA naya kathana hai| satyatA inake samanvaya meM nihita hai| jaba pA~coM kAraNoM kA samavAya upalabdha hotA hai tabhI usa kArya kA honA saMbhava hotA hai| pArivArika samasyAoM ko sulajhAne meM koI paMca samavAya siddhAnta kI naya draSTi ko lekara cale to use vAstava meM saphalatA prApta ho sakatI hai| pitA-putra para krodhita hone kI bajAya yaha soce ki putra kI umra hI aisI hai isameM caMcalatA saMbhava hai isalie vyartha kupita honA ucita nahIM hai| yadi maiM apane svabhAva ko badala lU~ tathA putra kI samasyAoM ko sahI pariprekSya meM samajhU to merA kupita honA Avazyaka nahIM rhegaa| pUrvakRta karmoM ke kAraNa bhI saMbhava hai pitA ko putra na suhAtA ho isalie putra ko doSI samajhane kI bajAya apane karmoM ko doSI mAnakara zAMta rahanA ucita hai| pitA yadi prayatna yA puruSArtha kare to isa anAvazyaka krodha para niyantraNa kara sakatA hai| isake lie Avazyaka hai- Atmabala, dRDha saMkalpa aura usa para aacrnn| puruSArtha karane para bhI yadi saphalatA na mile to niyati para bharosA kara lenA cAhie ki jaba jhagar3A miTanA hogA taba miTa jAegA maiM vyartha hI kyoM parezAna rhuuN| isa prakAra pArivArika kalaha ke nivAraNa rUpa kArya meM bhI paMca samavAya kI sArthakatA nisRta hotI hai| kAlAdi pAMcoM kAraNoM ko naya dRSTi se svIkAra karanA upayukta hai| haribhadrasUri viracita upadeza pada para TIkA karate hue municandrasUri ne bAhya evaM AbhyAntara sabhI kAryoM meM kAla Adi ke kalApa arthAt samavAya ko kAraNa svIkAra kiyA hai- "tataH sarvasminneva kumbhAmbhoruhaprAsAdaMkurAdau nArakatiryagnarAmarabhavabhAvini ca niHzreyasAbhyudayopatApaharSAdau vA bAhyAdhyAtmikabhedabhinne kArye na punaH kvacideva eNa kAlAdikalApa: kAraNasamudAyarUpaH budhaiH sampratipravRtta- duHSamAtamasvinIbalalabdhodayakubodhatamaH pUrApohadivAkarAkArazrIsiddhasena- divAkaraprabhRtibhiH pUrvasUribhiH nirdiSTo nirUpito janakatvena janmahetutayA yato vrtte| arthAt ghaTa, kamala, prAsAda, aMkura Adi bAhya kArya hoM athavA nAraka, tiryaka, manuSya yA deva bhava meM hone vAle kArya hoM athavA niHzreyasa, abhyudaya, saMtApa, harSa Adi Abhyantara kArya hoM, sabameM kAlAdi kA kalApa kAraNa samudAya ke rUpa meM

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588 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa siddhasena divAkara Adi vidvatmanISi pUrvAcAryoM ne pratipAdita kiyA hai| unhoMne kAla Adi kalApa ko janaka yA hetu svIkAra kiyA hai| isa prakAra vartamAna samaya meM pArivArika samanvayazIlatA, sAmAjikasudRr3hatA, paryAvaraNa- surakSA, rASTrIyatA, sAmpradAyika sadbhAva Adi samasyAoM ke samAdhAna meM kAla kA samyak bodha, svabhAva kI pahacAna, vivekapUrNa puruSArtha, niyama yA niyati kI mImAMsA, bhAgya ke tAratamya kI svIkRti- ina pA~coM kA samanvaya kiyA jA sakatA hai| paMca kAraNa samavAya meM gauNa pradhAna bhAva yadyapi jainAcAryoM ne kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma, puruSArtha ko paMca kAraNa samavAya meM samAna rUpa se sthAna diyA hai| kintu inameM kabhI kAla kI pradhAnatA ho sakatI hai tathA anya kAraNa gauNa rUpa meM sahayogI ho sakate haiN| isI prakAra kahIM svabhAva kI, kahIM niyati kI, kahIM pUrvakRta karma kI aura kahIM puruSArtha kI pradhAnatA tathA zeSa anya kAraNoM kI gauNa rUpa meM sahayogitA saMbhava hai| vivakSA se bhI inameM gauNa pradhAna bhAva kahA jA sakatA hai| kahIM ye eka-dUsare se eka sAtha isa prakAra mile rahate haiM ki unakI gauNatA yA pradhAnatA para dhyAna hI nahIM jaataa| jaba kAla ko kAraNa kahA jAtA hai taba mAtra kAla kAraNa nahIM hotA usake sAtha anya kAraNoM kA yoga bhI svataH bana jAtA hai| jyotirvid jaba kisI kArya kA muhUrta nikAlatA hai to usameM kAla kI pradhAnatA jJAta hotI hai kintu vyakti kA puruSArtha, pUrvakRta karma-phala kA udaya, vyakti kA svabhAva tathA kArya kI bhavitavyatA kA bhI yoga rahatA hai| yadi bhavitavyatA na ho to vaha kArya sampanna nahIM hotA hai / udAharaNa ke lie rAjA dazaratha ne apane jyeSTha putra rAmacandra kA rAjyAbhiSeka karane ke lie jyotiSI se muhUrta niklvaayaa| anya saba prayAsa bhI hue kintu bhavitavyatA kA yoga nahIM thA to unheM vanavAsa jAnA pdd'aa| yahA~ bhavitavyatA kI pradhAnatA svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai| khetoM meM kAla ke kAraNa phasala paka gaI ho, apane bIja ke svabhAva ke anurUpa phasala (gehU~, bAjarA, jvAra Adi ) pakI ho, kisAna ke pUrvakRta karmoM ke udaya se use phasala kA lAbha bhI milane vAlA ho tathA niyati bhI anukUla ho kintu kisAna yadi phasala ko kATane kA samaya para puruSArtha na kare to use phasala pakane kA lAbha nahIM mila sktaa| isa udAharaNa meM puruSArtha kI pradhAnatA vidita hotI hai| phasala ke pakane ke pUrva bhI hala jotane, bIja DAlane, jala se sIMcane, nirAI karane, pazuoM se rakSA karane Adi meM bhI kisAna kA puruSArtha rahatA hai| kintu kisAna kA bhAgya kAma na kare to kisI bhI kAraNa se phasala caupaTa ho sakatI hai| RtuoM ke saMcAlana, vastuoM ke pariNamana Adi meM kAla kI

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 589 pradhAnatA ho sakatI hai kintu vahA~ niyati hI kAma karatI hai| nizcita niyama yA krama se Rtu parivartana, per3a-paudhoM kA vikAsa, manuSya kA vikAsa Adi kArya huA karate haiN| gRhiNiyA~ ghara meM dUdha jamAtI hai taba ve nizcita samaya para dUdha kI kavoSNatA, bAharI vAtAvaraNa Adi ko dekhakara jAmaNa DAlatI hai| yadi samaya para jAmaNa na DAlA jAe to dUdha se dahI sahI nahIM jamatA / rasoI ke pratyeka kArya meM gRhiNiyoM ko vastu ke svabhAva ke anusAra kAla ko dhyAna meM rakhakara puruSArtha karanA hotA hai / pradhAnatA se bhale hI puruSArtha ko kAraNa kahA jAe kintu kAla vastu ke svabhAva Adi kI kAraNatA kA pratiSedha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jaina dArzanikoM ne apanI anekAntavAdI dRSTi ke kAraNa pA~ca kAraNoM ke samavAya ko svIkAra to kiyA hai kintu unake gauNa pradhAna bhAva yA unase kArya pariNati ke udAharaNoM ke rUpa meM unakI samarUpatA ko vyAkhyAyita karane kA prayAsa nahIM kiyaa| jaba vyakti ke dvArA puruSArtha karane para bhI saphalatA nahIM milatI hai taba ve kAla Adi anya kAraNoM ko bhI prastuta kara dete haiM / haribhadrasUri kahate haiM ki daiva evaM puruSArtha donoM se milakara kArya sampanna hotA hai| kintu jaba phala kI prApti pUrvopArjita karma kI udagratA evaM puruSArtha kI alpatA se ho jAtI hai taba use loka meM daiva se sampanna kArya kahA jAtA hai tathA isake viparIta puruSArtha kI adhikatA evaM daiva kI anudagratA se kArya sampanna hotA hai to usa kArya ko puruSakAra se sampanna mAnA jAtA hai jamudaggaM theveNaM kammaM pariNamai iha payAseNa / taM daivaM vivarIyaM tu purisagAro muNeyavvo / / " duHkhamukti kI sAdhanA meM pUrvabaddha karmoM ke kSaya evaM navIna karmoM ke nirodha meM jIva ke puruSArtha kI pradhAnatA aMgIkAra kI jA sakatI hai| yadi jIva kucha na kara sake to tIrthakaroM ke upadeza kA bhI aucitya siddha nahIM hotA / saMyama, tapa aura tyAga se yukta jaina paramparA meM Atma-puruSArtha kA mahattva nirvivAda rUpa se svIkArya hai| paMca kAraNoM kI nyUnAdhikatA jaina dArzanikoM ne kAla, svabhAva Adi pA~ca kAraNoM ko avazya svIkAra kiyA hai kintu yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki pratyeka kArya kI siddhi meM pA~coM kAraNa apekSita hoN| ye pA~coM kAraNa to jIva meM ghaTita hone vAle kAryoM kI dRSTi se kahe gae haiN| ajIva padArthoM meM ghaTita hone vAle kAryoM meM pUrvakRta karma aura puruSArtha kA honA Avazyaka pratIta nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki ajIva padArthoM kA apanA koI pUrvakRta karma

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590 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa nahIM hotA hai aura ve svayaM puruSArtha karane meM bhI samartha nahIM hote haiN| manuSyAdi jIvoM ke pUrvakRta karma aura puruSArtha kA sabaMdha kabhI-kabhI ajIva padArthoM meM hone vAle kAryoM se jor3A jA sakatA hai| kintu una ajIva padArthoM kA na to koI apanA bhAgya hotA hai aura na hI purussaarth| miTTI se jaba ghaTa banatA hai to miTTI ke svabhAva ke anusAra kAla aura niyati kI apekSA rakhakara ghaTa banatA hai| miTTI svayaM koI puruSArtha nahIM karatI, puruSArtha to kumbhakAra karatA hai jo cAka Adi upakaraNoM kA sahayoga lekara miTTI ko eka AkAra pradAna karatA hai| ghaTa kA nirmANa hone para kumbhakAra kA hI bhAgyodaya mAnA jAtA hai| isalie pariNamana jaina darzana meM do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai- 1. visrasA pariNamana 2. prayoga prinnmn| jahA~ binA kisI ke puruSArtha ke svabhAvataH dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla, pudgala meM tathA mukta jIvoM meM vinasA arthAt svabhAvata: pariNamana hotA hai| prayoga pariNamana meM jIva kA puruSArtha kAraNa banatA hai| jaise lohe se kisI kalapurje kA nirmANa lauha-pudgala kA prayoga pariNamana hai| pA~ca kAraNa sarvatra ghaTita hote hoM yaha anivArya nahIM hai, isakI puSTi zodha kArya ke daurAna mere dvArA pUche gae praznoM ke likhita uttara meM AcArya mahAprajJa ne ina zabdoM meM kI hai- "samavAya ke pA~coM tattvoM ko eka sAtha ghaTita karanA koI anivAryatA nahIM honI caahie| kahIM pA~coM tattva eka sAtha ghaTita ho sakate haiN| kahIM unameM se eka, do athavA tIna ghaTita ho sakate haiN| nimitta aneka haiN| eka ghaTanA meM saba nimitta samaveta hoM, yaha Avazyaka nhiiN| paMca kAraNa paraspara pratibaMdhaka nahIM ___ yaha prazna uTha sakatA hai ki kyA kAla Adi kAraNa paraspara eka-dUsare ke pratibaMdhaka hote haiM? udAharaNa ke lie kyA niyati puruSArtha kA pratibaMdhaka ho sakatI hai?kyA puruSArtha niyati kA pratibaMdhaka ho sakatA hai? kyA pUrvakRta karma arthAt puruSArtha meM bAdhaka bana sakatA hai? kyA puruSArtha bhAgya ko parivartita kara sakatA hai? kyA puruSArtha dvArA kAla aura svabhAva meM pratibaMdhakatA utpanna kI jA sakatI hai| isa prakAra bahuta se prazna khar3e hote haiN| ina praznoM kA eka hI samAdhAna hai ki ye paraspara pratibaMdhaka pratIta hote haiM kintu vAstava meM inakA paraspara samanvaya hai| inake samanvaya se kArya kI siddhi hotI hai| jaba taka samanvaya nahIM hotA taba taka kArya kI utpatti meM asAdhaka yA pratibaMdhaka kahA jA sakatA hai| inakI paraspara pratibaMdhakatA kahIM kahIM ullikhita bhI huI hai| jaise- kahIM jIva karma ke vaza hotA hai aura kahIM karma jIva ke AdhIna hote haiN|91 yahA~ yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jIva kA puruSArtha usakI prApta yogyatA ke anusAra hotA hai| pUrvakRta karmoM ke dvArA usakI yogyatA kA nirdhAraNa hotA hai|

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 591 puruSArtha kI saphalatA anya kAraNoM ke upasthita rahane para hotI hai| isa tathya ko yoga bindu meM haribhadrasUri ne abhivyakta kiyA hai asmin puruSakAro'pi satyeva saphalo bhvet| anyathA nyAyavaiguNyAd bhavannapi na shsyte||2 puruSArtha bhI tabhI saphala hotA hai, jaba vaha AtmA, karma Adi ke svabhAva ke anurUpa ho| vastu svabhAva ke viparIta hone se puruSArtha kI kAryakAritA siddha nahIM hotii| ata: mAtra puruSArtha ko prazasta nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| pUrvakRta karma (bhAgya) aura puruSArtha paraspara milakara kArya karate haiN| haribhadra sUri ne zubhAzubha karma ko daiva yA bhAgya kahA hai tathA apane vartamAna karma vyApAra ko puruSArtha kahA hai| vyAvahArika dRSTi se daiva aura puruSArtha meM anyonyAzraya dekhA jAtA hai| jo vyakti saMsAra meM hai usakA pUrvasaMcita karma ke binA jIvana vyApAra nahIM calatA aura jaba taka vaha kArya vyApAra meM saMlagna nahIM hotA taba taka saMcita karma kA phala prakaTa nahIM hotA ___na bhavasyasya yat karma binA vyaapaarsNbhvH| na ca vyApArazUnyasya phalaM syAt karmaNo'pi hi||3 pUrva karmoM ke zubha hone se vyakti ke mana meM zubha bhAva utpanna hotA hai tathA vartamAna meM jisa prakAra ke karma kiye jAte haiM kAlAntara meM vyakti kA vaisA hI svabhAva hotA hai| yogabindu meM haribhadrasUri ne isI tathya ko prakaTa kiyA hai zubhAt tatastvasau bhAvo hantA'yaM ttsvbhaavbhaak| evaM kimatra siddha syAt tata evAstvato hydH||" isa prakAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki kAlAdi pA~ca kAraNa kabhI-kabhI eka dUsare ke pratibaMdhaka rUpa meM pratIta hote haiM kintu vAstava meM ve eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiN| paMca samavAya : anekAntavAdI dRSTi kA pariNAma jaina darzana meM paMca samavAya kA siddhAnta jaina dArzanikoM kI anekAntavAdI dRSTi kA pariNAma hai| jaina darzana meM pahale se hI dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva aura bhava kI kAraNatA mAnya rahI hai kintu usa samaya pracalita sRSTi viSayaka kArya-kAraNa kI jina avadhAraNAoM kA jaina darzana meM avirodha rUpa se svIkAra ho sakatA thA, unakA jaina

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592 jainadarzana meM kAraNaga-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa dArzanikoM ne paMca kAraNa - samavAya meM samanvaya karate hue kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSa / puruSArtha kAraNa ke rUpa meM aMgIkRta kiyA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne jisa prakAra ekAnta nityatA aura ekAnta anityatA kA nirasana karate hue vastu ko nityAnityAtmaka pratipAdita kiyA hai usI prakAra kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma tathA puruSa / puruSArtha kI pRthak-pRthak ekAnta kAraNatA ko jaina dArzanikoM ne mithyAtva aura inake sAmAsika yA samanvayAtmaka rUpa ko samyak pratipAdita kiyA hai| isase yaha pratidhvanita hotA hai ki jaina dArzanika ina sabhI kAraNoM ko jaina darzana meM svIkAra karate haiN| ina sabhI kAraNoM ko svIkAra karane kI puSTi isI adhyAya meM sodAharaNa kI jA cukI hai| jaina darzana meM kathaMcit kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma, puruSa / puruSArtha kI kAraNatA svIkRta hai| isalie ina saba kAraNoM ke samanvita rUpa ko samyaktva kahane meM koI hAni nahIM hai| kintu isase yaha puSTa nahIM hotA hai ki inameM se kisI kAraNa ke na rahane para kArya kI siddhi nahIM hogii| kArya kI siddhi ina pA~ca kAraNoM meM kadAcit kisI ke nyUna hone para bhI ho sakatI hai| isalie yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki paMca samavAya siddhAnta kI mAnyatA ke pIche jaina dArzanikoM kI anekAntavAda kI dRSTi hI pramukha kAraNa rahI hai| niSkarSa jainadarzana kI anekAntavAdI naya dRSTi kA hI pariNAma hai ki isameM paMca kAraNa samavAya siddhAnta ko sthAna milaa| isake pUrva dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva aura bhava kI kAraNatA jaina vAGmaya meM pratipAdita rahI hai| Age calakara nimitta aura upAdAna kI dRSTi se bhI kAraNa kArya kA vicAra huaa| jaina darzana ke kAraNa kArya siddhAnta ko sadasatkAryavAda nAma se jAnA gayA hai| siddhasena divAkara ne kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSa / puruSakAra meM se eka-eka kI kAraNatA ko mithyAtva tathA sabake sAmAsika yA samanvita svarUpa ko samyaktva khaa| unake anantara haribhadrasUri, zIlAMkAcArya, abhayadevasUri, yazovajiya, malladhArI rAjazekharasUri, upAdhyAya vinayavijaya Adi ne paMca samavAya ke pratiSThApana meM apanA yogadAna diyaa| unake anantara tilokaRSi jI, zatAvadhAnI ratnacandra jI mahArAja, kAnajI svAmI Adi ne bhI paMca samavAya ko pratiSThita karane meM apanI bhUmikA kA nirvAha kiyaa| isameM saMdeha nahIM ki jaina darzana meM kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSArtha kI kAraNatA aMgIkRta hai| inameM eka-eka ko pradhAna banAkara bhI kAraNatA kA

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 593 pratipAdana saMbhava hai| jaina darzana meM kAla kI kAraNatA vibhinna AdhAroM para siddha hotI hai 1. sabhI dravyoM ke pariNamana meM kAla dravya kAraNa hai| 2. vyavahAra meM kAla kI kAraNatA aneka kAryoM meM aMgIkRta hai| 3. kAla bahiraMga kAraNa hai| 4. vartanA, pariNAma, kriyA, paratva-aparatva ke rUpa meM kAla kI kAraNatA svIkRta hai| 5. jaina darzana meM kAla labdhi kI avadhAraNA hai jo kAla kI kAraNatA ko siddha karatI hai| 6. karma siddhAnta meM abAdhAkAla kI avadhAraNA bhI kAla kI kAraNatA ko spaSTa karatI hai| svabhAva kI kAraNatA bhI jaina darzana meM mAnya hai| usakI siddhi meM katipaya bindu isa prakAra haiM 1. SaDdravyoM kA apanA svabhAva hai tathA ve usake anusAra hI kArya karate haiN| 2. vinasA pariNamana meM padArtha kA apanA svabhAva hI kAraNa banatA hai| 3. jIva kA anAdi pAriNAmika bhAva, bhavyatva, abhavyatva, jIvatva Adi ke rUpa meM svabhAva se hI kArya karatA hai| 4. jJAnAvaraNAdi aSTa kamoM kA apanA svabhAva hai, usI anusAra ve jIva ke jJAna ko AvRtta karane Adi kA kArya karate haiN| jaina darzana meM niyati kI kAraNatA bhI svIkRta hai, yathA1. jaina dharma meM kAlacakra kA niyata krama svIkAra kiyA gayA hai jo utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| donoM meM 6-6 Araka mAne gae haiN| 2. 24 tIrthakara, 12 cakravartI, 9 baladeva, 9 vAsudeva, 9 prativAsudeva Adi kI nizcita mAnyatA jaina dharma meM niyati ke praveza kI sUcaka hai| isameM niyati ke atirikta koI kAraNa nahIM hai| 3. tIrthakara karma prakRti ko bAMdhane vAlA jIva tIsare bhava meM avazya tIrthakara banatA hai, yaha bhI eka niyati hai|

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594 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 4. 24 tIrthakaroM meM eka tIrthakara ke nirvANa tathA dUsare tIrthakara ke bIca kA jo antara hai vaha pratyeka caubIsI meM usI prakAra rahatA hai| 5. akarma bhUmi meM puruSa-strI ke yugalika kA utpanna honA tathA karmabhUmi meM prathama tIna AroM meM yugalikoM kI utpatti svIkAra karanA kAla evaM kSetra kI niyati hai| akarma bhUmi meM napuMsaka puruSa kA utpanna na honA bhI niyati kI mAnyatA ko iMgita karatA hai| 6. jambUdvIpaprajJapti ke anusAra jambUdvIpa meM kama se kama cAra aura adhika se adhika 34 tIrthakaroM ke hone kA kathana tathA kama se kama 4 aura adhika se adhika 30 cakravartI hone kA kathana bhI niyati ko siddha karatA hai| 7. siddhoM meM pUrvabhava ke Azrita, kSetrAzrita, avagAhanA Azrita aneka tathya aise haiM, jo jaina dharma meM niyati kI kAraNatA ko puSTa karate haiN| 8. jaina karma siddhAnta meM bhI aneka aise nizcita niyama hai jo niyati ko puSTa karate haiN| yoga aura kaSAya ke hone para karma padala kA AtmA ke sAtha cipakanA niyata hai| vibhinna gatiyoM meM jIvoM kI utkRSTa Ayu niyata hai| 9. pUrvakRta karma jIva ke bhAvI jIvana ko niyati kI taraha prabhAvita karate haiN| 10. anapavartya AyuSya vAle jIva AyuSya kI pUrNa avadhi bhogakara hI maraNa ko prApta hote haiM, yaha niyati hai| 11. nikAcita karma kI mAnyatA bhI niyati kI sUcaka hai| 12. vartamAna meM yaha mAnyatA hai ki jambUsvAmI ke mokSa jAne ke pazcAt kevalajJAna sahita 10 bAtoM kA viccheda ho gayA hai| isameM niyati kAraNa hai| 13. AcArya mahAprajJa ke anusAra niyati sArvabhaumika niyama yA nizcita niyama ke rUpa meM svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai| niyati kI yaha mAnyatA jaina darzana meM aparihArya hai| jo janmatA hai vaha avazya maraNa ko prApta hotA hai, yaha bhI eka niyati hai| yaha bhI niyata hai ki koI jIva eka bAra samyaktva prApti kara le to vaha jIva adhikatama 15 bhava meM avazya mokSa ko prApta kara sakatA hai| pUrvakRta karma kI kAraNatA jaina darzana kA pramukha evaM kendriya siddhAnta hai| karma-siddhAnta se sambaddha jaina darzana meM vizAla sAhitya hai| jaina vAGmaya meM karma siddhAnta kA vyavasthita evaM vistRta vivecana prApta hotA hai| karma-siddhAnta jaina darzana kA prAcIna evaM sarvamAnya siddhAnta hai| karma kI siddhi meM katipaya bindu -

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 595 jaina darzana meM aSTavidha kamoM kA pratipAdana hai| ATha karma haiM-jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, vedanIya, mohanIya, AyuSya, nAma, gotra aura antraay| ina AThoM karmoM kA vizada vivecana AgamoM, karmagranthoM, kaSAyapAhuDa, gommaTasAra Adi meM samprApta hai| 2. jainadarzana ke anusAra karmapudgala svayaM hI jIva ko apane udayakAla meM phala pradAna karate haiN| 3. jaina darzana meM mAnya punarjanma kA siddhAnta pUrvakRta karma ke siddhAnta ko puSTa karatA hai| 4. jaba karmoM kA pUrNa kSaya ho jAtA hai to mokSa kI prApti ho jAtI hai phira koM kA baMdhana nahIM hotaa| 5. tIrthakara bananA bhI pUrvakRta karma kA hI pariNAma hai| 6. jaina darzana kI mAnyatA hai ki sabhI prANI apane-apane saMcita karmoM ke anusAra hI saMsAra meM bhramaNa karate haiM tathA vibhinna yoniyoM meM janma grahaNa karate haiN| jaina darzana meM puruSa/puruSakAra kI kAraNatA para pUrA bala diyA gayA hai| siddhasena sari ne pA~ca kAraNoM meM 'puruSa' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, puruSakAra yA puruSArtha isI kA vikasita rUpa hai| AtmA ko apane kAryoM yA karmoM kA kartA mAnane ke AdhAra para jaina darzana meM puruSa kI kAraNatA svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai tathA jIva ke dvArA kie gae prayatnoM ko puruSakAra yA puruSArtha kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai| jaina darzana meM puruSakAra yA puruSArtha kA vizeSa mahattva hai| puruSa ke sAtha puruSakAra kI kAraNatA svayaM siddha hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM mAnya puruSArtha catuSTaya meM se yahA~ dharma puruSArtha ko adhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| puruSArtha kI siddhi jaina vAGmaya meM pade-pade prApta hai| jaina dharma meM mAnya dharma-puruSArtha yA parAkrama ko puSTa karane vAle kucha bindu isa prakAra haiM 1. tapa saMyama meM parAkrama kI preraNA kI gaI hai| 2. mokSa kI siddhi hetu puruSArtha ko jAgarita karane para bala diyA gayA hai| 3. saMyama, tapa, nirjarA Adi meM puruSArtha ko sAdhana svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 4. tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva se mahAvIra taka ke 24 tIrthakaroM kA jIvana, gautama Adi gyAraha gaNadharoM kA jIvana puruSArtha ko puSTa detA hai|

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596 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 5. antagaDa sUtra meM 99 AtmAoM dvArA karmakSaya kara mokSa prApta karane kA nirUpaNa bhI jaina darzana meM puruSArtha kI mAnyatA ko puSTa karatA hai| zAlibhadra, dhannA aNagAra, skandhaka RSi, dharmaruci aNagAra Adi ke jIvana prasaMga bhI Atma puruSArtha ke samarthaka haiN| paMca samavAya siddhAnta meM kAlAdi pA~ca kAraNoM kA samanvaya karane meM siddhasena sUri, haribhadrasUri, zIlAMkAcArya, abhayadevasUri, malladhArI rAjazekharasUri, upAdhyAya yazovijaya, upAdhyAya vinayavijaya Adi udbhaTa dArzanikoM ne saphala prayAsa kiye haiN| zIlAMkAcArya ne kahA hai sabvevi ya kAlAI iha samudAyeNa sAhagA bhnniyaa| jujjati ya emeva ya samma savvassa kjjss||5 paMca kAraNa samavAya kI siddhi meM zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne jitanA spaSTa yogadAna kiyA hai utanA prAcIna digambarAcAryoM kA yogadAna jJAta nahIM hotaa| amRtacandrAcArya ne 47 nayoM kA vivecana karate hue kAlanaya, svabhAvanaya, niyatinaya, daivanaya aura puruSakAranaya kA pratipAdana kiyA hai kintu paMca kAraNa samavAya ke nAma se koI carcA nahIM kii| jayasenAcArya ne paMcAstikAya kI tAtparyavRtti meM 'kAlAdilabdhivazAt zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, kintu pA~ca kAraNoM kA spaSTa ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| 19vIM zatI se paMca samavAya siddhAnta ke pratiSThApana meM zrI tilokaRSi jI mahArAja, zatAvadhAnI zrI ratnacandra jI mahArAja, zrI kAnajI svAmI Adi ke prayAsa ullekhanIya haiN| paMca samavAya muktiprApti meM bhI sahAyaka hai tathA vyAvahArika jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM bhI inakI kAraNatA siddha hotI hai| kAla Adi pA~ca kAraNoM meM paraspara gauNa-pradhAna bhAva saMbhava hai| kabhI kAla pradhAna ho sakatA hai, kabhI svabhAva, kabhI niyati, kabhI pUrvakRta karma to kabhI purussaarth| yaha bhI Avazyaka nahIM ki sadaiva eka sAtha pA~coM kAraNa upasthita hoM, pA~coM kAraNa to jIva meM ghaTita hone vAle kAryoM meM hI hote haiM, ajIva padArthoM meM sampanna hone vAle kAryoM meM na to pUrvakRta karma kAraNa hotA hai aura na hI unakA apanA purussaarth| upacAra se jIva ke pUrvakRta karmoM evaM puruSArtha ko kathaMcit kAraNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| pudgala ke prayoga-pariNamana meM to jIva kA puruSArtha kAraNa banatA bhI hai| ye pA~ca kAraNa paraspara eka-dUsare ke pratibaMdhaka nahI hote hai| inameM paraspara samanvaya se kArya kI siddhi hotI hai|

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 597 anta meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki paMca samavAya kA siddhAnta jaina darzana kI anekAntavAdI yA nayavAdI dRSTi kA pariNAma hai tathA yaha jainAgamoM kI mUla mAnyatA se avirodha rakhatA hai| saMdarbha 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. sanmatitarka prakaraNa, 3.47 sanmatitarka prakaraNa, 3 . 53 tiloka kAvya kalpatarU, paMcavAdI svarUpa-viSayaka kAvya, pRSTha 105 gommaTasAra - jIva kANDa, gAthA 568 10. - tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 5, sUtra 22 bRhad dravya saMgraha, prathamAdhikAra, gAthA 21 paMcAstikAya kI tAtparya vRtti 25/53/3 tattvArthazlokavArtikAlaMkAra, khaNDa 6, pRSTha 170 "vartanA hi jIvapudgaladharmAdharmAkAzAnAM tatsattAyAzca sAdhAraNyAH sUryagamyAdInAM ca svakAryavizeSAnumitasvabhAvAnAM bahiraMgakAraNApekSA kAryatvAttaMDulapAkavat yattAvadbahiraMgaM kAraNaM sa kAlaH / " - tattvArthazlokavArtikAlaMkAra, SaSTha bhAga, pRSTha 165 AkAzapradezanimittA vartanA nAnyastaddhetuH kAlo'stItiH, tanna kiM kAraNam / tAM pratyadhikaraNabhAvAd bhAjanavat / yathA - bhAjanaM taNDulAnAmadhikaraNaM na tu tadeva pacati, tejaso hi sa vyApAraH tathA AkAzamapyAdityagatyAdivartanAyAmadhikaraNaM na tu tadeva nirvartayati / kAlasya hi sa vyApAraH / -rAjavArtika 5 / 22/8 11. sarvArthasiddhi 2.3.10 mahApurANa 62/314-315 uddhRta jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga dvitIya pRSTha 615 12. 13. aisohaNajoeNaM suddha hemaM havei jaha taha ya / kAlAI laddhIe appA paramappao havadi || - mokSapAhuDa 24 uddhRta jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga dvitIya, pRSTha 615 14. pravacanasAra gAthA 144 kI tAtparya vRtti meM 15. dhavalA pustaka 9/4, 1, 44/120/10 uddhRta jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga dvitIya . pRSTha 615

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598 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 16. lokaprakAza, sarga 9, zloka 274-277 17. jaina tattva prakAza, gyArahavI AvRtti, 1990, pRSTha 84-101 sUtrakRtAMga zIlAMka TIkA sahita, motIlAla banArasIdAsa iNDolAjika TrasTa, dillI, prathama saMskaraNa 1978, pRSTha 251 pravacanasAra, gAthA 99 pravacanasAra, gAthA 98 para amRtacandrAcArya kI TIkA pravacanasAra gAthA 96 'tivihA poggalA paNNattA taMjahA- payoga pariNatA, mIsasA pariNatA, vIsasA prinntaa|' -bhagavatI sUtra, zataka 8, uddezaka 1 vyAkhyAprajJapti 1.2.2.15 chavvihA osappiNI paNNattA, taMjahA- susama-susamA, susamA susama-dUsamA, dUsama-susamA, dUsamA, duusm-duusmaa| chavvihA ussappiNI paNNattA taMjahAdussama-dussamA, dussamA, dussama-susamA, susama-dussamA, susamA, susmaasusmaa| -sthAnAMgasUtra, sthAna 6, sUtra 23, 24 bharatairAvatAkhyeSu kSetreSu syaaddshsvyN| kAlaH parAvarttamAnaH sadA shessessyvsthitH| -lokaprakAza, sarga 29, zloka 43 26. jaina tattva prakAza, pRSTha 30,31 jaina tattva prakAza, pRSTha 30 jambUdvIpa prajJapti, saptama vakSaskAra, sUtra 208 29. jaina tattva prakAza, pRSTha 115 30. jaina tattva prakAza, pRSTha 115-116 jaina tattva prakAza, pRSTha 116 32. prAcye janmani jIvAnAM yA bhvdevgaahnaa| tRtIya bhAganyUnA sA siddhaanaamvgaahnaa|| -lokaprakAza, sarga 2, zloka 125 loka prakAza, sarga 30, zloka 56-60 34. asaMkhyAyutiyacazcaramAgAMzca naarkaa| surA zalAkA pumAMso'nupakramAyuSaH smRtaa|| -lokaprakAza, sarga 3, zloka 90

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35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 599 sura nairayikA'saMkhya jIvitiryagmanuSyakAH / badhnanti SaNmAsazeSAyuSo bhava jIvitam / / nijAyuSastRtIyeMze zeSe'nupa kramAyuSaH / niyamAdanya janmAyurnirbadhnanti pare punaH / / - lokaprakAza, sarga 3, zloka 91, 92 maNa - paramohI - pulAe AhAraga-khavaga-uvasame kappe / saMjamatia - kevali- sijjhaNA ya jambummi vucchiNNA / / - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 2593 yaH SaNmAsAdhikAyuSko labhate kevalodgamam / karotyasau samudghAtamanye kurvanti vA na vA / / - 'guNasthAna kramAroha' grantha se uddhRta lokaprakAza sarga 3, zloka 265 ke antargata zyA pariNAmasyAdi mAntyayoginAM mRtiH kSaNayoH / antarmuhUrttake'ntye zeSe vAdye gate sA syAt / / tatrApyantarmuhUrtentye zeSe nAraka nAkinaH / mriyante naratiryacazcAdye'tIta iti sthitiH / / - lokaprakAza, sarga 3, zloka 326 ke pazcAt bRhatkalpa bhASya 2989 egayA devalosu naraesu viegyaa| egayA AsuraM kAyaM AhAkammehiM gacchai / / - uttarAdhyayana sUtra 3.3 kattA vikatAya, duhANa ya suhANa y| - uttarAdhyayana sUtra 20.37 tahabhavvattaM jaM kaalniyipuvvkypuriskiriyaao| akkhivai tahasahAvaM tA tadadhINaM tayaMpi bhave // - bIjaviMzikA zloka 9 sanmatitarka 3.53 dvAtriMzit dvAtriMzikA, tRtIya dvAtriMzikA, zloka 8 zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 79 bhavyatvaM nAma siddhigamanayogyatvamanAdipAriNAmiko bhAvaH Atmasvatattvameva, tathAbhavyatvaM tu bhavyatvameva kAlAdibhedanAtmanAM AdizabdAt kAla-niyati - karma puruSa parigrahaH, tatra kAlo bIjasiddhibhAvAt nAnArUpatAmApannam,

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600 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa viziSTapudgalaparAvarttetsarpiNyAdiH 47. 48. 49. upadeza pada gAthA 165 caivazabdo'vadhAraNArthaH, tataH sarvasminneva nArakatiryagnarAmarabhavabhAvini ca sarvasmin niravazeSe kumbhAmabhorUhaprAsAdAMkurAdau niHzreyasAbhyudayopatApaharSAdau vA bAhyAdhyAtmika bhedabhinne kArye na punaH kvacideva eSa kAlAdikalApaH kAraNasamudAyarUpaH budhaiH sampratipravRttaduHSamAtamasvinI balalabdhodayakubodhatamaH pUrApohadivAkarAkAra zrIsiddhasenadivAkaraprabhRtibhiH pUrvasUribhiH nirdiSTo nirUpito janakatvena janmahetutayA yato vartate / - upadeza pada, gAthA 165 para muni candrasUri TIkA sUtrakRtAMga kI zIlAMka TIkA (ambikAdatta vyAkhyA sahita ), bhAga tRtIya pRSTha 87 51. sUtrakRtAMga kI zIlAMka TIkA (ambikAdatta vyAkhyA sahita), bhAga tRtIya, pRSTha 88 50. 52. tathAbhavyatvasya phaladAnAbhimukhyakArI, vasantAdivad vanaspativizeSasya, kAlasadbhAve'pi nyUnAdhikavyapohena niyatakAryakAriNI niyatiH apacIyamAnasaMklezaM nAnAzubhAzaya- saMvedanahetuH kuzalAnubandhi karma, samucitapuNyasaMbhAro mahAkalyANAzayaH pradhAna parijJAnavAn prarUpyamANArthaparijJAnakuzalaH puruSaH tatastathAbhavyatvamAdau yeSAM te tathA tebhyaH asau varabodhilAbhaH / - dharmabindu, adhyayana 2.68 viMzati viMzikA, bIjaviMzikA, zloka 9 53. savvevi yakAlAI iha samudAyeNa sAhagA bhaNiyA / jaMti ya eva ya sammaM savvassa kajjassa / / na hi kAlAdIhiMto kevalaehiM tu jAyae kiMci / iha muggaraMdhaNAdivitA savve samuditA heU / / - sUtrakRtAMga kI zIlAMka TIkA (ambikAdatta vyAkhyA sahita ), bhAga tRtIya pRSTha 89 jaha galakkhaNaguNAveruliyAdI maNI visaMjuttA | rayaNAvalivavaesaM Na lahaMti mahagghamullAvi / / taha NiyayavAdasuvi NicchiyAvi aNNo'NNapakkhaniravekkhA / sambhaddaMsaNasaddaM savve'vi gayA Na pAviti / / jaha puNa te ceva maNI jahA guNavisesabhAgapaDibaddhA / rayaNAvalitti bhaNNai cayaMti pADikkasaNNAo || taha savve vAyA jahANurUvaviNiuttavattavvA / sammarddasaNasaddaM labhaMti Na- visesasaNNAo / /

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55. 56. 54. sUtrakRtAMga kI zIlAMka TIkA (ambikAdatta vyAkhyA sahita ), bhAga tRtIya, pRSTha 87-88 57. 58. jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya tamhA micchadiTThI savvevi gayA sapakkhapaDibaddhA / aNNA nissiyA puNa havaMti sammatta sabbhAvA / / - sUtrakRtAMga kI zIlAMka TIkA (ambikAdatta vyAkhyA sahita), bhAga tRtIya, pRSTha 89 601 "yata evaM tasmAttyaktvA mithyAtvavAdaM-kAlAdipratyekaikAntakAraNarUpam 'sevadhvam' aMgIkurudhvaM 'samyagvAdaM' paraspara savyapekSakAlAdikAraNarUpam 'ima' miti mayoktaM pratyakSAsannaM 'satyam' avitathamiti / " -sUtrakRtAMga kI zIlAMka TIkA (ambikAdatta vyAkhyA sahita ), bhAga tRtIya, pRSTha 89 ArhatAnAM kiMcitsukhaduHkhAdi niyatita eva bhavati, tatkAraNasya karmaNaH kasmiMzcidavasare'vazyaMbhAvyudayasadbhAvAnniyatikRtamityucyakasmiMzcidavasare'vazyaM bhAvyudayasadbhAvAnniyatikRtamityucya tathA kiMcidaniyatikRtaJca puruSakArakAlezvarasvabhAvakarmAdikRtaM, tatra kathaMcit sukhaduHkhAdeH puruSakArasAdhyatvamapyAzrIyate, yataH kriyAtaH phalaM bhavati kriyA ca puruSakArAyattA pravartate / " - sUtrakRtAMga kI zIlAMka TIkA (ambikAdatta vyAkhyA sahita ), bhAga prathama, pRSTha 90 yattu samAne puruSavyApAre phalavaicitryaM dUSaNatvenopanyastaM tadadUSaNameva, yatastatrA'pi puruSakAravaicitryamapi phalavaicitrye kAraNaM bhavati, samAne vA puruSakAre yaH phalAbhAvaH kasyacidbhavati so'dRSTakRtaH, tadapi cA'smAbhiH kaarnntvenaashritmev| kAlo'pi kartA, yato bakulacampakAzokapunnAganAgasahAkArAdInAM viziSTa eva kAle puSpaphalAdyudbhavo na sarvadeti, yaccoktaM- 'kAlasyaikarUpatvAjjagadvaicitryaM na ghaTata' iti, tadasmAn prati na dUSaNaM yato'smAbhirna kAla evaikaH kartRtvenA'bhyupagamyate'pitu karmA'pi tato jagadvaicitryamityadoSaH / tathA - sUtrakRtAMga kI zIlAMka TIkA (ambikAdatta vyAkhyA sahita), bhAga prathama, pRSTha 90-91 svabhAvasyA'pi kathaMcit kartRtvameva, tathAhi Atmana upayogalakSaNatvamasaMkhyeyapradezatvaM pudgalAnAM ca mUrttatvaM dharmAdharmAstikAyayorgatisthityupaSTambhakAritvamamUrttatvadharmAdharmAstikAyayorgatisthityupaSTambhakAritvamamUrttatva svbhaavaapaaditm| yadapi cAtrAtmavyatirekAvyatirekarUpaM dUSaNamupanyastaM tadadUSaNameva, yataH svabhAva Atmano'vyatiriktaH, Atmano'pi ca kartRtvamabhyupagatametadapi svabhAvApAditameveti / tathA karmA'pi kartR bhavatyeva taddhi jIvapradezaiH sahA'nyo'nyAnuvedharUpatayA vyavasthitaM kathaMciccAtmano'bhinnaM tadvazAccAtmA "

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602 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa nArakatiraryaGmanuSyAmarabhaveSu paryaTan sukhduHkhaadikmnubhvtiiti|" --sUtrakRtAMga kI zIlAMka TIkA (ambikAdatta vyAkhyA sahita), bhAga prathama, pRSTha 91 / / 59. tathezvaro'pi kartA, Atmaiva hi tatra tatrotpattidvAreNa sakalajagadvayApanAdIzvaraH tasya sukhaduHkhotpattikartRtvaM sarvavAdinAmavigAnena siddhameva, yaccAtra mUrtAmUrtAdikaM dUSaNamupanyastaM tadevaMbhUtezvarasamAzrayaNe duurotsaaditmeveti|" -sUtrakRtAMga kI zIlAMka TIkA (ambikAdatta vyAkhyA sahita), bhAga prathama, pRSTha 91 60. tathA karmApi kartR bhavatyeva, taddhi jIvapradezaiH sahAnyo'nyAnuvedharUpatayA vyavasthitaM kathaMciccAtmano'bhinnaM, tadvazAccAtmA nArakatiryakmanuSyAmarabhaveSu paryaTan sukhduHkhaadikmnubhvtiiti| tadevaM niyatyaniyatyoH kartRtve yuktyupapanne sati niyatereva kartRtvamabhyupagacchanto nirbuddhikA bhvntiityvseym|" -sUtrakRtAMga kI zIlAMka TIkA (ambikAdatta vyAkhyA sahita), bhAga prathama, pRSTha 91-92 61. tanna kAlAghekAntAH pramANata: saMbhavantIti tadvAdomithyAvAda iti sthitm| ta eva anyonyasavyapekSAnityAyekAntavyapohena ekAnekasvabhAvAH kAryanirvartanapaTavaH pramANaviSayatayA paramArthasanta iti tatpratipAdakasya zAstrasyApi samyaktvamiti tadvAdaH samyagvAdatayA vyvsthitH| -sanmati tarka, 3.53 kI TIkA, pRSTha 717 62. SaDdarzana samuccaya, zrI bhUpendrasUri- jaina sAhitya samiti, Ahora (mAravAr3a), zloka 79 63. tathA ca sakalanayadRSTyA mudgapaktyAdidRSTAntena siddhAnta siddhA paMcakAraNI sarvatra saMgatimaGgati tatpakSasya sarvanayamayatvena samyag rUpatvAt, ekakAraNaparizeSapakSasya ca durnayatvena mithyArUpatvAt tadAhurAcAryAH "kAlo sahAva NiyaI puvvakayaM puriskaarnnegntaa| micchattaM te ceva u samAsao hunti sammattaM" na ca tathAbhavyatvenaivetarAnyathAsiddheH samudAyapakSo'natiprayojana iti zaMkanIyam, tathApadArtha- kukSAvevetaTakAraNapravezAd vyaktivizeSaparicAyakatvenAnyonyavyAptipradarzakatvena ca tasyAnyathAsiddhayapradarzakatvAt, ata eva "jaM jahA bhagavayA diTuM taM tahA vipariNamaI" ti bhagavadvacanaM suSThusaMgacchate, tathA padenaiva tatretarakAraNopasaMgrahAt" -nayopadeza pRSTha 92 64. jinendrabhaktiprakAza meM vinayavijaya kRta paMcasamavAya kI DhAla 6 kA padma 2 65. pravacanasAra ke pariziSTa meM 26 66. svbhaavnyennishcittiikssnnknnttkvtsNskaaraanrthkykaari| -pravacanasAra, pariziSTa 28

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jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi evaM paMca samavAya 603 67. kAlanayena nidAghadivasAnusAripacyamAna shkaarphlvtsmyaayttsiddhiH| -pravacanasAra, pariziSTa 30 68. pravacanasAra, pariziSTa, 33 69. daivanayena puruSakAravAdidattamadhukukTIgarbhalabdhamANikyadaivavAdivadayatpuruSakAravAdidattamadhukukTIgarbhalabdhamANikyadaivavAdivadayara -pravacanasAra, pariziSTa 33 70. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga dvitIya, pRSTha 619 71. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga dvitIya, pRSTha 619 72. tiloka kAvya kalpatarU, paMcavAdI-svarUpa-viSayaka-kAvya, pRSTha 106-107 73. kAraNa saMvAda pRSTha 41 74. upadeza prasAda, bhAga 4 se 75. jaina darzana pRSTha 474 naya prajJApana pRSTha 173-219 ke AdhAra para naya prajJApana pRSTha 174 78. naya prajJApana, pRSTha 183-184 naya prajJApana, pRSTha 204 naya prajJApana, pRSTha 215 naya prajJApana, pRSTha 218 naya prajJApana, pRSTha 219 83. ema.e. (prathama varSa) kA tRtIya praznapatra, khaNDa (kha)- jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna (mAnya vizvavidyAlaya), laaddnuuN| 84. prakAzamuni jI mahArAja ke vicAroM se yukta 23.2.2002 ke patra ke AdhAra para 85. gaNadharavAda kI prastAvanA se,pRSTha 128 86. 22.10.2003 kI carcA ke AdhAra para

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604 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 87. paramabhAva prakAzaka nayacakra, pRSTha 324 88. SaDdarzana samuccaya, zrI bhUpendra sUri jaina sAhitya samiti, Ahora (mAravAr3a), zloka 79 upadeza pada, gAthA 165 para municandrasUri TIkA upadeza pada gAthA 350 'kammavasA khalu jIvA, jIvavasAI kahiM ci kammAI' -bRhatkalpabhASya gAthA 2690 yogabindu 414 yogabindu 321 yogabindu 335 95. sUtrakRtAMga kI zIlAMka TIkA, (ambikAdatta vyAkhyA sahita) bhAga tRtIya, pRSTha 89

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upasaMhAra bhAratIya darzana meM kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta kI carcA meM jaina darzana kA bhI apratima sthAna hai| jaina dArzanika sAMkhya ke satkAryavAda, vedAnta ke satkAraNavAda, nyAyadarzana ke asat kAryavAda aura zUnyavAdI bauddha darzana ke asatkAraNavAda kA nirasana karate hue sadasatkAraNavAda tathA sadasatkAryavAda kI sthApanA karate haiN| inake anusAra kAraNa sat bhI hai aura asat bhii| kArya kI utpatti hone se pUrva kAraNa sat hotA hai tathA kArya utpanna ho jAne para upAdAna kAraNa kA mUla svarUpa na rahane se vaha asat bhI hotA hai| kAraNa kI bhA~ti jaina darzana meM kArya ko bhI sadasat mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra jaina darzana kA kAraNakArya siddhAnta sadasatkAryavAda ke nAma se prasiddha hai| ekAnta sat athavA ekAnta asat padArtha na to svayaM utpanna hote haiM aura na kisI ko utpanna karane meM samartha hote haiN| jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra nityAnityAtmaka sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka yA dravyaparyAyAtmaka padArthoM meM hI kAraNa-kArya bhAva ghaTita hotA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne kAraNa-kArya ko kramabhAvI, bhinnAbhinna aura sadRzAsadRza svIkAra kiyA hai| ve saMkhyA, saMjJA, lakSaNa Adi ke bheda se kAraNa-kArya meM kathaMcit bhinnatA kA pratipAdana karate haiM tathA mRdAdi kI ekatA, sattva, prameyatva Adi ke AdhAra para unameM abhinnatA svIkAra karate haiN| anekAntavAdI jaina dArzanikoM ne kAraNa-kAryavAda para vibhinna dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA hai, yathA 1. dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva aura bhava kI kAraNatA 2. SaTkArakoM kI kAraNatA 3. SaDdravyoM kI kAraNatA 4. nimitta aura upAdAna kI kAraNatA 5. paMca samavAya kI kAraNatA dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva kI kAraNatA para vicAra jaina dArzanikoM kA apanA maulika yogadAna hai| ve ina cAra kAraNoM ko AdhAra banAkara samasta kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta kI vyAkhyA karate haiN| ajIva dravyoM meM ghaTita hone vAle kAryoM meM ina cAroM kAraNoM kA vyApaka dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jIva meM ghaTita hone vAle kAryoM ke prati bhava kI kAraNatA ko bhI aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai| nAraka, tiryak, manuSya aura deva bhava vibhinna kAryoM ke viziSTa kAraNa hote haiN|

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606 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne kartA, karma, karaNa, saMpradAna, apAdAna evaM adhikaraNa kArakoM kI kAraNatA ko pratipAdita kara anekAnta dRSTi kA paricaya diyA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, pudgalAstikAya, jIvAstikAya aura kAla dravya kI kAraNatA para bhI vicAra kiyA hai| ina SaDdravyoM ke apane upagraha yA upakAra haiN| ve hI unake kArya haiM jo anya dravyoM ke kAryoM meM bhI sahAyaka banate haiN| ___ upAdAna aura nimitta kAraNoM ke rUpa meM bhI jaina dArzanikoM ne kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta kI vyAkhyA kI hai| Agama vAGmaya meM upAdAna aura nimitta zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM huA hai, kintu uttaravartI dArzanikoM ne inheM jainadarzana meM yathocita sthAna diyA hai| kAraNa-kArya kI vyAkhyA meM jaina dArzanikoM kA 'paMca-samavAya' siddhAnta atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha unakI anekAnta dRSTi kA pariNAma hai| paMca samavAya meM kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma evaM puruSArtha ina pA~ca kAraNoM kA samanvaya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| Agama vAGmaya meM paMca samavAya kA koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM miltaa| siddhasena sUri ne pA~cavIM zatI IsvI meM 'sanmatitarka prakaraNa' meM uparyukta pA~ca kAraNoM ke samudAya ko samyaktva evaM eka-eka kAraNa ko mithyAtva pratipAdita kiyA hai, yathA kAlo sahAva NiyaI, puvakayaM purise kaarnnegNtaa| micchattaM te ceva u, samAsao honti smmtt||' ___ pA~ca kAraNoM kI gaNanA karate hue bhI siddhasenasUri ne 'paMcasamavAya' zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyaa| 'paMca samavAya' zabda uttaravartI AcAryoM kI dena hai| 19vIM zatI ke tilokaRSi jI ke kAvya meM isakA prayoga dRSTigata hotA hai| saMbhava hai usake pUrva bhI yaha prasiddha rahA ho| 'paMcAnAM kAraNAnAM samavAya: paMcasamavAya:' ke rUpa meM yaha pA~ca kAlAdi pA~ca kAraNoM kA samudAya hai| siddhasenasUri ne samavAya ke lie 'samAsao' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, jo Age kalApa, samudAya, samudita Adi zabdoM kI yAtrA taya karatA huA 'samavAya' ke rUpa meM parivartita huA, aisA pratIta hotA hai| samprati 'paMca samavAya' zabda atyanta prasiddha hai| kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSa/puruSArtha meM eka-eka kI kAraNatA ko hI paryApta mAnane vAle dArzanika matoM kA kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, niyativAda, pUrvakRta karmavAda evaM puruSavAda/puruSakAravAda zIrSakoM se vibhinna adhyAyoM

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upasaMhAra 607 meM veda, upaniSad, purANa, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, bhagavad gItA, saMskRta sAhitya kI vibhinna kRtiyoM, vibhinna dArzanika granthoM, jainAgama aura jainAcAryoM kI racanAoM ke AdhAra para aitihAsika krama se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| prathama adhyAya meM 'jainadarzana meM mAnya kAraNavAda evaM paMcasamavAya' para saMkSepa meM vicAra nibaddha haiN| dvitIya adhyAya 'kAlavAda' se sambaddha hai| kAlavAda ke anusAra eka mAtra kAla hI samasta kAryoM kA kAraNa hai| kAlavAda ke saMbaMdha meM koI svataMtra grantha upalabdha nahIM hai| isa siddhAnta ko lekara kisI grantha kI racanA kI gaI ho aisA bhI ullekha nahIM milatA aura na hI isa siddhAnta ke pravartaka kA nAmollekha milatA hai| kAlavAda kisI eka vyakti kI mAnyatA na hokara sAmUhika mAnyatA bana gaI thI, aisA pratIta hotA hai| kAlavAda kI mAnyatA ke saMbaMdha meM nimnAMkita zloka mahAbhArata, abhayadeva kI sanmatitarka TIkA, sUtrakRtAMga para zIlAMkAcArya kI TIkA, haribhadra sUri viracita zAstravArtA samuccaya Adi granthoM meM milatA hai kAla: pacati bhUtAni, kAla: saMharate prjaaH| kAlaH supteSu jAgarti, kAlo hi durtikrmH||' arthAt kAla hI pRthvI Adi bhUtoM kA pariNamana karatA hai| kAla hI prajA kA saMhAra karatA hai| kAla hI logoM ke so jAne para jAgatA hai, isalie kAla kI kAraNatA anullaMghanIya hai| ___ kAlavAda kI prAcInatA kA anumAna karanA kaThina hai| atharvaveda ke unnIsaveM kANDa ke 53-54veM sUkta 'kAlasUkta' nAma se prasiddha haiN| ye kAlasUkta hI kAlavAda ke udgama ke srota pratIta hote haiN| inameM nihita kAla tattva kA hI vikAsa upaniSad, purANa, mahAbhArata, jyotirvidyA Adi meM huA hai| kAlavAdiyoM ke saMbaMdha meM ullekha gauDapAda kArikA meM prApta hotA hai, vahA~ kahA hai- kAlAt prasUtiM bhUtAnAM manyante kaalcintkH| zvetAzvataropaniSad meM bhI jagat ke kAraNoM kI carcA meM kAla kA bhI kathana huA hai| zivapurANa meM kAlavAda kA siddhAnta sampUrNa rUpa meM abhivyakta huA hai kAlAdutpAte sarva, kAlAdeva vipdyte|| na kAlanirapekSa hi kvacitkiMciddhi vidyte|| kAlavAda kA yadi vyavasthita evaM vikasita rUpa dekhanA ho to jyotirvidyA ke grantha isake nidarzana hai| kyoMki jyotirvidyA kAlagaNanA para AdhArita vidyA hai| jisameM graha, nakSatroM ke sAtha kAla hI pramukha kAraNa ke rUpa meM aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai|

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608 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa bhAratIya darzana kI vibhinna paramparAoM meM kAla ke svarUpa evaM usakI kAraNatA para vicAra huA hai| vaizeSika darzana meM kAla ko dravya ke rUpa meM sthApita kiyA gayA hai| cira, kSipra, paratva- aparatva Adi meM use vizeSa kAraNa aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai| sAMkhya darzana meM cAra prakAra kI AdhyAtmika tuSTiyoM meM kAla ko tRtIya tuSTi ke rUpa meM aMgIkAra karate hue kahA gayA hai ki kAla kI apekSA rakhakara hI viveka khyAti siddha hotI hai| vedAnta darzana meM naimittika pralaya meM kAla ko nimitta batAyA gayA hai| vyAkaraNa darzana meM ise amUrta kriyA ke pariccheda (mApana) kA hetu svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yogadarzana meM yaha kSaNa aura krama ke rUpa meM vivecita hai| vahA~ kSaNa ko vAstavika evaM krama kA AdhAra batAyA gayA hai| jaina vAGmaya meM bhI kAlavAda kI paryApta carcA huI hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne kAlavAda ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa karane ke sAtha usakA nirasana bhI kiyA hai| jainAgamoM meM kAla ko eka dravya to pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai kintu kAlavAda kA pRthak rUpa se spaSTa ullekha nahIM milatA hai / sUtrakRtAMga meM kathita "IsareNa kaDe loe pahANAti tahAvare 14 paMkti ke 'pahANAti' zabda se vyAkhyAkAroM ne kAla kA bhI grahaNa kiyA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM hI nirUpita kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, vinayavAda aura ajJAnavAda kI vyAkhyA karate hue kriyAvAda aura akriyAvAda ke antargata 'kAlavAda' ke kramazaH 36 evaM 14 bheda nirUpita kiye gaye hai| zIlAMkAcArya ne AcArAMga sUtra kI TIkA meM kAlavAda kA svarUpa nirUpita karate hue kahA hai ki kAla hI vizva kI sthiti - utpatti aura pralaya meM kAraNa hai| 6 nandIsUtra ke TIkAkAra malayagiri ne kahA hai- 'kAlavAdinazca nAma te mantavyA ye kAlakRtameva sarvaM jagat manyante / kAlavAda ke anusAra kAla hI saba kAryoM kA kAraNa hai, usI se vyavasthA banatI hai| yadi koI puruSa mU~ga rAMdhatA hai to ve bhI binA kAla ke nahIM rAMdhe jAte haiN| anyathA hAMDI, IMdhana Adi sAmagrI ke saMyoga se prathama samaya meM hI mUMga raMdha jaate| isalie jo kucha hotA hai vaha kAlakRta hI hai| mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa, haribhadrasUri, zIlAMkAcArya aura abhayadevasUri ne apanI kRtiyoM meM kAlavAda kA upasthApana kara usakA yuktiyukta nirasana kiyA hai| jaina dArzanikoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki kAla hI ekamAtra kAraNa nahIM hai, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma evaM puruSArtha kI bhI kAraNatA mAnanA apekSita hai| jainAcAryoM dvArA upasthApita pUrvapakSa meM kAlavAda siddhAnta viSayaka navIna sUcanAe~ bhI abhivyakta huI hai

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upasaMhAra 609 1. kArya ke prati kAla avazyaklupta niyata pUrvavartI hai, isalie ekamAtra vahI kArya kA kAraNa hai| kAraNa kahe jAne vAle anya padArtha avazyaklapta niyatapUrvavartI kAla se bhinna hone se anyathAsiddha hai| 2. kAla ko kArya kA yadi asAdhAraNa kAraNa na mAnA jAye to garbhAdi sabhI kAryoM kI utpatti avyavasthita ho jaaegii| 3. kAla nitya hai evaM eka rUpa hai| kAla kAraNa kI sabhI kAryoM ke sAtha anvaya-vyatireka vyApti hotI hai| jainAcAryoM ne kAlavAda ke nirasana meM aneka prabala tarka die haiMmallavAdI kSamAzramaNa kahate haiM ki trikAla kUTastha kAla meM paramArthataH kAraNa-kArya kA vibhAga nahIM ho sktaa| kAraNa-kArya kA vibhAga nahIM hone se vyavahAra kI vyavasthA bhI nahIM bana sktii| 2. haribhadrasUri kA tarka hai yadi anya kAraNoM se nirapekSa kevala kAla se kAryotpatti svIkAra kI jAyegI to amuka kArya kI utpatti ke samaya meM anya sabhI kAryoM kI utpatti kI bhI Apatti hogii| haribhadrasUri anya tarka dete haiM ki ekamAtra kAla ko kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki kAla ke samAna hone para bhI kArya samAna nahIM dekhA jAtA, isalie anya hetu bhI apekSita haiN| 3. zIlAMkAcArya kA tarka hai ki eka svabhAvI, nitya evaM vyApaka kAla kA grAhaka koI pramANa nahIM hai| ve anya tarka meM kahate haiM ki yadi kAla hI ekamAtra kAraNa ho to samAna kAla meM sabhI kisAnoM ke khetoM meM mUMgoM ke pakane Adi kI samAna phala prApti honI cAhie, kintu aisA nahIM hotA hai| 4. abhayadevasUri kA tarka hai ki varSAkAla Adi kAla kAraNa ke hone para bhI varSA kA honA rUpa kArya nirantara nahIM cltaa| isase kAla kI nityatA evaM ekarUpatA bhI khaNDita hotI hai| sAtha hI kAla kA svabhAvabheda bhI prakaTa hotA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne 'paMca samavAya' siddhAnta meM pA~ca kAraNoM ke antargata kAla kI bhI kAraNatA svIkAra kI hai, kintu ve kAla kI ekAnta kAraNatA ko aMgIkAra nahIM karake anya kAraNoM kI bhI apekSA svIkAra karate haiN|

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610 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa __ tRtIya adhyAya meM 'svabhAvavAda' para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| svabhAvavAda eka prAcIna siddhAnta hai, jisake anusAra samasta kAryoM kA kAraNa svabhAva hai| veda meM svabhAvavAda kA spaSTa ullekha prApta nahIM hotA, kintu nAsadIya sUkta ke antargata saSTi viSayaka jina vibhinna matoM kA ullekha huA hai, unake AdhAra para paM. madhusUdana ojhA ne daza vAdoM kA utthApana kiyA hai| inameM eka aparavAda hai| apara kA artha paM. ojhA ne apara arthAt sva karate hue aparavAda ko svabhAvavAda ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA hai| zvetAzvataropaniSad meM jagadutpatti kA kAraNa 'svabhAva' ko AcArya zaMkara ke bhASya meM padArtha kI pratiniyata zakti ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| harivaMza purANa meM jagat ko svabhAvakRta kahA gayA hai- bhagavad gItA meM mAnava svabhAva ke AdhAra para varNa bheda kA pratipAdana bhI svabhAva kI kAraNatA ko spaSTa karatA hai| svabhAvaM bhUtacintakAH kahakara mahAbhArata meM bhUta cintakoM ko svabhAvavAdI ke rUpa meM prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| svabhAvavAda kA mahAbhArata meM poSaNa bhI hai aura nirasana bhii| buddhacarita meM azvaghoSa kA svabhAvavAda ke saMbaMdha meM nimnAMkita zloka prasiddha hai kaH kaNTakasya prakaroti taikSNyaM vicitrabhAvaM mRgapakSiNAM vaa| svabhAvataH sarvamidaM pravRttaM na kAmacAro'sti kutaH prytnH|| svabhAvavAda ke bIja veda, upaniSad, purANa Adi meM bhale hI upalabdha rahe hoM aura svabhAvavAda kA spaSTa rUpa bhI purANa meM milatA ho tathApi baddhacarita kA uparyukta zloka hI sabhI dArzanika kRtiyoM meM svabhAvavAda ke nirUpaNa ke samaya uddhRta hone se apanI mahattA evaM prAcInatA prakaTa karatA hai| bRhatsaMhitA meM varAhamihira ne 'kAlaM kAraNameke svabhAvamapare jaguH karma' kathana se svabhAvavAda kI mAnyatA kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| sAMkhyakArikA kI mATharavRtti meM svabhAva kI kAraNatA kA spaSTa ullekha huA hai| akSapAda gautama ke nyAyasUtra meM bhI svabhAvavAda kA ullekha huA hai animittato bhAvotpattiH knnttktaikssnnyaadidrshnaat| vAkyapadIya meM bhartRhari ne svabhAva kI vyAkhyA kii| bauddha dArzanika zAntarakSita (705I.) ne tattvasaMgraha meM svabhAvavAda kA vidhivat upasthApana evaM pratyavasthAna kiyA hai|

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upasaMhAra 611 udayanAcArya ne nyAyakusumAMjali meM AkasmikavAda ke antargata svabhAvavAda ke pUrvapakSa ko prastuta kara usakA uttara pakSa bhI diyA hai tathA use niyatapUrvavRttitva ke rUpa meM aMgIkAra kiyA hai| cArvAka darzana meM jagat kI vicitratA ko svabhAva se hI utpanna mAnA jAtA hai| jainAcAryoM ne prAmANikatA ke sAtha svabhAvavAda ke pUrvapakSa ko upasthApita kiyA hai tathA svabhAvavAda kI vibhinna vizeSatAoM ko apane granthoM meM samAyojita kiyA hai| jaina granthoM meM carcita svabhAvavAda se sambaddha katipaya bindu isa prakAra haiM1. praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM 'sahAveNa' zabda kA prayoga huA hai, jo svabhAvavAda kI ora saMketa karatA hai| abhayadevasUri ne isa zabda kI praznavyAkaraNa kI TIkA meM vistAra se vivecanA karate hue kahA hai ki svabhAvavAda ke anusAra samasta prANiyoM kA vyavahAra pUrvakRta karmoM se nahIM, apitu svabhAva se saMcAlita hotA haiN| 2. nandIsUtra kI avacUri meM svabhAvavAda ke saMbaMdha meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki jisake hone para honA tathA jisake nahIM hone para nahIM honA- yaha anvayavyatireka kA anuvidhAna bhI svabhAvakRta hai| karor3oM prayatna karane para bhI svabhAva ko svIkRta kiye binA pratiniyata vyavasthA nahIM banatI hai| 3. lokatattvanirNaya meM haribhadrasUri kA kathana hai ki jagat meM jo-jo sat padArtha haiM, ve sabhI svabhAvajanya haiN| zAstravArtA samuccaya meM unhoMne spaSTa kiyA hai ki jIva ke garbha se lekara svargagamana taka ke sabhI kArya svabhAva se sampanna hote haiN| svabhAva ke niyamana se hI kArya kA kabhI honA tathA na honA rUpa kAdAcitkatva saMbhava hotA hai| 4. padArthoM kI utpatti ke sAtha unakA vinAza bhI unake svabhAva se hI niyata deza-kAla meM hotA hai| isa saMsAra meM mUMga, azva, mASa Adi kA pAka bhI svabhAva ke binA nahIM hotA kyoMki jisa vastu meM pakane kA svabhAva nahIM hai, vaha kAla tathA anya kAraNoM ke hone para bhI paripakva nahIM hotii| 5. pUrva-pUrva upAdAna pariNAmoM ko uttarottara hone vAle tat-tat upAdeya pariNAmoM ke prati kAraNa mAna lene se svabhAvavAda meM sahakAricakra kI kalpanA anAvazyaka ho jAtI hai| 6. svabhAvavAda ke anusAra bIja kA jo carama kSaNAtmaka pariNAma hotA hai, usase aMkura kA prathama kSaNAtmaka pariNAma utpanna hotA hai| utpAdya aMkura

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612 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa kSaNoM meM atyanta sadRza hotA hai, jisase unakA vaisAdRzya tirohita rahatA hai| ataH sadRza aMkura kSaNAtmaka kArya se sadRza bIja kSaNAtmaka kArya kA anumAna hone meM koI bAdhA nahIM hotii| AcArAMga sUtra kI TIkA meM zIlAMkAcArya ne svabhAva ko paribhASita karate hue kahA hai- 'vastunaH svata eva tathApariNatibhAvaH svbhaavH| 51 arthAt vastu kA svataH tathA pariNata rUpa honA svabhAva hai| sabhI bhUta svabhAva se hI pravRtta aura nivRtta hote haiN| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kI TIkA meM zIlAMkAcArya ne tajjIvataccharIravAdI ke mata meM svabhAva se hI jagat kI vicitratA ko utpanna batAyA hai| dvAdazAranayacakra meM svabhAvavAda kA prAcIna svarUpa abhivyakta huA hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai- 'yugapadayugapad ghaTarUpAdInAM brIhyakurAdInAM ca tathA tathA bhavanAdeva tu svbhaavo'bhyupgtH| 12 9. dvAdazAranayacakra meM kahA gayA hai ki svabhAva ke atirikta dravyoM kI apekSA rakhane para svabhAvavAdiyoM ko Apatti nahIM hai, kintu ve use bhI svabhAva ke antargata hI sammilita karate haiN| eka hI svabhAva zaktibheda se kAraka bheda ko prApta hotA hai| vahI kartA, karma, karaNa Adi svarUpoM ko prApta hotA hai| jainAcArya mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa, jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa, haribhadrasUri unake TIkAkAra yazovijaya, tattvabodhavidhAyinI ke TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri aura ajJAta kRtikAra ke dvArA svabhAvavAda kA prabala nirasana kiyA gayA hai| mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ne svabhAvavAda kA nirasana karate hue prazna uThAyA hai ki yaha svabhAva vyApaka hai yA pratyeka vasta meM parisamApta hotA hai? yadi vyApaka hai to pararUpa kA abhAva siddha hone se svavizeSaNa nirarthaka hai| yadi pratyeka vastu meM parisamApta hotA hai to vaha ghaTatva paTatva Adi se bhinna siddha nahIM ho skegaa| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne kahA hai ki svabhAva koI vastu vizeSa nahIM hai| unake anusAra niSkAraNatA ko bhI svabhAva nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| haribhadrasUri ne dharmasaMgrahaNi meM jagat kI vicitratA evaM sukha-duHkha ke anubhava meM ekamAtra svabhAva ko hetu mAnane vAle svabhAvavAdiyoM para praznoM kI bauchAra kara dI hai| ve kahate haiM- svabhAva bhAva rUpa hai yA abhAva rUpa? yadi vaha bhAva rUpa hai to eka rUpa hai yA aneka rUpa? yadi bhAva rUpa meM eka rUpa hai to vaha nitya hai yA anitya? yadi vaha

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upasaMhAra 613 aneka rUpa hai to mUrta hai yA amUrta? ina praznoM ke uttaroM kA vikalpa prastuta karate hue haribhadrasUri ne svabhAvavAda kA sabala nirasana kiyA hai| haribhadrasUri ne svabhAvahetuvAda kA nirasana karate hue kahA hai ki svabhAva jaba krama se kArya utpanna karatA hai taba kAla kI bhI apekSA rakhatA hai| kAla kI apekSA rakhane ke kAraNa svabhAvavAda kA siddhAnta siddha nahIM ho pAtA-'muktaH svabhAvavAdaH syaatkaalvaad-prigrhaat|13 unhoMne nirhetuka svabhAvavAda ke khaNDana meM kahA hai ki sukha-duHkha kI vicitratA yadi nirhetuka hai to vaha sadaiva hI honI cAhie yA sadaiva hI nahIM honI cAhie kyoMki nirhetuka vastu anya kI apekSA nahIM rakhatI hai| ata: sukhaduHkha sahetuka haiM aura hetu ke rUpa meM svakRta karma ko chor3akara kisI kAraNa kI saMbhAvanA nahIM bntii| zAstravArtA samuccaya ke TIkAkAra yazovijaya ne svabhAvavAdiyoM ke tarka kramika svabhAva se kramika kAryoM kI utpatti hone meM svabhAvavAda kA bhaMga nahIM hotA, kA nirasana karate hue kahA hai ki pratyeka kArya ke prati bhinna-bhinna svabhAva ko kAraNa mAnane se ghaTa Adi kI eka jAtIyatA nahIM bana paaegii| jabaki ghaTa-paTa Adi jaise eka jAti ke sahasroM kArya jagat meM dekhe jAte haiN| abhidhAna rAjendra koza meM ajJAta kRtikAra ne bhI svabhAvavAda ke nirasana meM tarka diyA hai ki svabhAva kAryagata hetu hai yA kAraNagata? yaha kAryagata nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki kArya ke niSpanna hone ke bAda hI usakI saMbhAvanA ho sakatI hai| ata: yaha kArya kA hetu nahIM ho sktaa| kAraNagata svabhAva ko kArya kA hetu mAnane para ajJAta TIkAkAra ne apanI sahamati prakaTa kI hai| abhayadevasUri ne kahA hai ki 'svabhAvataH eva bhAvA jAyante kathana meM svAtmani kriyAvirodha doSa AtA hai| dUsarA doSa yaha hai ki jo padArtha anutpanna hai usakA utpanna hone kA svabhAva nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| utpanna padArtha meM bhI utpanna hone ke svabhAva kI nivRtti mAnanI hogI, jisase svabhAva kI nitya kAraNatA kA khaNDana ho jAtA hai| unhoMne 'sanmatitarka' para tattvabodhavidhAyinI TIkA meM nirhetuka svabhAvavAda kA upasthApana karate hue cAra hetu die haiM- 1. anupalabhyamAnasattAkaM kAraNam- padArthoM ke kAraNa kI sattA upalabdha nahIM hotI isalie ve nirhetuka hai| 2. pratyakSa se kA~ToM kI tIkSNatA Adi meM koI kAraNa jJAta nahIM hotA isalie bhI kArya nirhetuka hai| 3: kAdAcitka hone se duHkhAdi AdhyAtmika kArya nirhetuka haiN| 4. kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta hI doSapUrNa hai, kyoMki usameM anvaya-vyatireka kI vyApti vyabhicAra yukta hai|

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614 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa abhayadevasUri ne isa nirhetuka svabhAvavAda kA yuktiyukta nirasana kiyA hai| padArthoM ke kAraNa kI sattA upalabdha hai| yaha aneka hetuoM se siddha hai tathA anupalabdhi hetu kI asiddhi hai| kaNTakAdi kI tIkSNatA nirhetuka nahIM hai, kyoMki usameM bIja Adi kI kAraNatA siddha hai| kAdAcitka hetu nirhetuka svabhAvavAdiyoM ke viruddha hai, kyoMki yaha hetu sAdhya nirhetuka se viparIta sahetuka ko siddha karatA hai| kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta doSapUrNa nahIM hai| svabhAvavAda kI siddhi meM kAraka hetu kI bajAya jJApaka hetu mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| jJApaka hetu bhI svapakSa kI siddhi kA utpAdaka hone se kAraka hetu ke samAna hotA hai| kAraka hetu sAdhya kA utpAdaka hotA hai to isase svabhAvavAda kI pratijJA bAdhita hotI hai| 'nirhetukAH bhAvAH' kI pratijJA meM hetu die jAne para nirhetuka svabhAvavAda vadato vyAghAtaH kI bhA~ti khaNDita ho jAtA hai| bauddha dArzanika zAntarakSita (8vIM zatI) ne bhI apanI kRti tattvasaMgraha meM svabhAvavAda kA vizada upasthApana evaM nirasana kiyA hai| svabhAvavAda kI mAnyatA ko unhoMne sarvahetunirAzaMsaM ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| ye svabhAvavAdI saMbhavata: nirhetuka svabhAvavAdI hai jo sva aura para donoM ko kAraNa nahIM mAnate haiN| zAntarakSita aura unake TIkAkAra kamalazIla ne vibhinna tarka dekara svabhAvavAda kA nirasana kiyA hai| jisakA prabhAva jainAcArya abhayadevasUri para bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai| svabhAvavAda ke do rUpa prApta hote haiM- 1. svabhAva hetuvAda 2. nirhetuka svbhaavvaad| haribhadrasUri ne zAstravArtA samuccaya meM svabhAvahetuvAdI kA hI khaNDana kiyA hai, jabaki tattvasaMgraha evaM abhayadevakRta tattvabodhavidhAyinI TIkA meM svabhAvahetuvAdI aura nirhetuka svabhAvavAdI donoM matoM kA khaNDana prApta hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki svabhAvahetuvAda pUrva meM svabhAvavAda ke rUpa meM sthApita thA, dhIre-dhIre yaha vikAsa ko prApta huA aura nirhetuka svabhAvavAda ke rUpa meM sthApita hone lgaa| jaina granthoM meM svabhAva kA vibhinna dRSTiyoM se nirUpaNa huA hai tathA use jaina dArzanika kathaMcit kAraNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra bhI karate haiM, kintu usakI kAraNaikAntatA kA prabala pratiSedha karate haiN| caturtha adhyAya 'niyativAda' se sambaddha hai| niyativAda ke anusAra niyati hI saba kAryoM kA kAraNa hai| niyativAda kA nirUpaNa maMkhali gozAlaka ne kiyA thaa| unakI mAnyatA kA spaSTa ullekha vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra aura bauddha tripiTaka ke dIghanikAya meM spaSTataH huA hai| sUtrakRtAMga aura upAsakadazAMga sUtra meM bhI niyativAda

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upasaMhAra 615 kI carcA hai| gozAlaka kI sampradAya AjIvaka sampradAya ke nAma se prasiddha hai, kintu vartamAna meM yaha astitva meM nahIM hai| niyativAda kA mantavya hai ki jo jaba, jaisA aura jisase honA hotA hai vaha taba, vaisA aura usase hI hotA hai| niyati ke svarUpa ko pratipAdita karane vAlA eka zloka sUtrakRtAMga aura praznavyAkaraNa kI TIkA, sanmati tarka, zAstravArtA samuccaya aura lokatattva nirNaya Adi dArzanika granthoM meM uddhRta hai, jo isa prakAra haiprAptavyo niyatigalAzrayeNa yo'rthaH, so'vazyaM bhavati nRNAM zubho'zubho vaa| bhUtAnAM mahati kRte'pi hi prayatne, nAbhAvyaM bhavati na bhAvino'sti naashH||15 arthAt jo padArtha niyati ke bala ke Azraya se prAptavya hotA hai, vaha zubha yA azubha padArtha manuSyoM ko avazya prApta hotA hai| prANiyoM ke dvArA mahAn prayatna karane para bhI abhAvya kabhI nahIM hotA aura bhAvI kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA hai| niyativAda kA koI svataMtra grantha upalabdha nahIM hai, kintu isa siddhAnta kA prabhAva bhAratIya vAGmaya ke vibhinna granthoM meM dRggocara hotA hai| Agama, tripiTaka, upaniSad, purANa, saMskRta mahAkAvya evaM nATakoM meM bhI niyati ke pratipAdaka ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| veda meM niyativAda kA sAkSAt ullekha nahIM hai, kintu paM. madhusUdana ojhA ne nAsadIya sUkta ke AdhAra para jagadutpatti ke dazavAda prastuta karate hue aparavAda ke antargata svabhAvavAda ke cAra rUpoM meM eka rUpa niyativAda batAyA hai| zvetAzvataropaniSad meM 'kAlaH svabhAvo niyatiryadRcchA, bhUtAni yoniH puruSa iti cintyaa| 26 paMkti meM niyativAda kA astitva jJApita hotA hai| mahopaniSad evaM bhAvopaniSad ke uddharaNoM se jJAta hotA hai ki niyati eka niyAmaka tattva hai| harivaMzapurANa, vAmanapurANa, nAradIyapurANa meM daiva athavA bhavitavyatA ke rUpa meM niyati kI carcA hai| rAmAyaNa meM 'niyatiH kAraNaM loke niyatiH karmasAdhanam 27 vAkya niyati kI mahattA ko sthApita karate haiN| mahAbhArata meM vedavyAsa ne niyati ke svarUpa ko abhivyakta karate hue kahA hai yathA yathAsya prAptavyaM prApnotyeva tathA tthaa| bhavitavyaM yathA yacca bhavyatve tathA tthaa||18 mahAkavi kAlidAsa viracita abhijJAnazAkuntala meM 'bhavitavyAnAM dvArANi bhavanti sarvatra', 'bhavitavyatA khalu balavatI2deg Adi vAkya niyativAda ke sAkSI haiN| hitopadeza, paMcatantra Adi meM bhI niyati kA mahattva sthApita hai| kalhaNa kI

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616 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa rAjataraMgiNi meM 'zakto na ko'pi bhavitavyavilaMghanAyAm 11 vAkya niyati kI mahattA kA prakAzaka hai| sAhityazAstrI mammaTa viracita kAvyaprakAza meM 'niyatikRtaniyamarahitAM' kArikA meM 'niyati' zabda kA prayoga mahattvapUrNa hai| kAvyaprakAza ke TIkAkAroM ne asAdhAraNa dharma yA niyAmaka tattva ke rUpa meM, karma kI apara paryAya ke rUpa meM, adRSTa ke rUpa meM tathA daiva ke rUpa meM niyati zabda kI vyAkhyA kI hai| bauddha graMtha dIghanikAya meM gozAlaka ne buddha ke prazna kA uttara dete hue apane mata ko spaSTa kiyA hai- "prANiyoM ke duHkha kA koI hetu yA pratyaya nahIM hai| binA hetu aura pratyaya ke hI prANI duHkhI hote haiN| prANiyoM kI vizuddhi kA bhI koI hetu yA pratyaya nahIM hai| binA hetu aura pratyaya ke hI prANI vizuddhi ko prApta hote haiN|22 yogavAsiSTha meM niyati ke siddhAnta ko sRSTi ke prArambha se hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yogavAsiSTha meM pratipAdita hai ki niyati kI aTalatA aura nizcitatA ko koI bhI khaNDita karane meM samartha nahIM hai| yahA~ taka ki sarvajJa aura bahujJa prabhu bhI niyati ko anyathA nahIM kara skte| yogavAsiSThakAra ne puruSArtha ko bhI niyati sApekSa pratipAdita kiyA hai| niyati puruSArtha ke rUpa se hI jagata kI niyAmikA hai- 'pauruSeNa rUpeNa niyatirhi niyAmikA23 kAzmIra zaiva darzana meM 36 tattvoM ke antargata niyati kI bhI gaNanA kI gaI hai| jainadarzana ke vibhinna granthoM meM niyativAda kA nirUpaNa huA hai, jisase niyati kI vibhinna vizeSatAe~ prakAza meM AI hai1. sukha-duHkha kI prApti apane yA dUsare ke nimitta se nahIM apitu niyati ke kAraNa se hotI hai| saMsAra meM trasa va sthAvara prANI hai, ve saba niyati ke prabhAva se hI audArika Adi zarIra ko prApta karate haiN| ye niyati ke kAraNa hI bAlya, yuvA aura vRddhAvasthA ko prApta hote haiM- sUtrakRtAMga, pauNDarika adhyayana 2. niyati eka pRthak tattva hai, jisake vaza meM sabhI bhAva haiM aura ve niyata rUpa se hI utpanna hote haiN| jo, jaba, jisase honA hotA hai vaha taba usase hI niyata rUpa se prApta hotA hai| aisA nahIM mAnane para kArya-kAraNa vyavasthA aura pratiniyata vyavasthA saMbhava nahIM hai| -nandIsUtra kI avacUri 3. niyativAda ko prastuta karate hue kahA hai ki puruSakAra ko kArya kI utpatti meM kAraNa mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kyoMki usake binA niyati se hI samasta prayojanoM kI siddhi ho jAtI hai| -abhayadevasUri, praznavyAkaraNa vRtti

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1. upasaMhAra 617 4. padArthoM meM Avazyaka rUpa se jo jisa prakAra honA hotA hai usakI prayojakakI niyati hotI hai| -AcArAMga sUtra, zIlAMka TIkA 5. jisa jIva ko jisa samaya, jahA~ jisa prakAra ke sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karanA hotA hai| vaha saMgati kahalAtI hai| yaha saMgati hI niyati hai - sUtrakRtAMga evaM usakI zIlAMka TIkA dvAdazAranayacakra pA~cavIM zatI kI mahattvapUrNa racanA hai| jisameM mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa evaM usake TIkAkAra siMhasUri ne niyativAda ke svarUpa para nimnAnusAra prakAza DAlA hai niyativAda meM puruSa ke kartRtva ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA jaataa| usake anusAra puruSa na svataMtra hai aura na jnyaataa| 2. niyati hI eka mAtra kAraNa hai jisako svIkAra karane para padArthoM ke sadRza yA visadRza kAryoM ke ghaTita hone meM koI vyAghAta nahIM AtA hai| niyati utpadyamAna padArthoM se bhinna nahIM hai, apitu bheda buddhi se utpanna hone vAle padArthoM meM bhI niyati kI abhinnatA rahatI hai| kriyA aura kriyAphala rUpa sabhI niyatiyoM meM abheda hotA hai| eka hI niyati se dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva kI apekSA se vibhinna svarUpa prakaTa hote haiN| apekSA se vaha dravya-niyati, kSetra-niyati, kAlaniyati aura bhAva-niyati se jAnI jA sakatI hai| niyati eka hokara bhI bhinna-bhinna kAryoM ko karane meM samartha hotI hai tathA aneka rUpa hone para kArya aura kAraNa se vaha abhinna hotI hai| 6. yadi kahIM utpatti Adi meM aniyama dekhA jAtA hai taba bhI vahA~ niyati ko hI kAraNa mAnanA caahie| 7. niyati ko svIkAra karane para koI abhimAna zeSa nahIM raha jaataa| siddhasena viracita niyati dvAtriMzikA evaM vijayalAvaNyasUriracita TIkA aura muni bhuvanacandra racita gujarAtI vyAkhyA ke AdhAra para niyativAda kI nimnAMkita mAnyatAe~ abhivyakta huI haiM 1. sarvasattvoM ke svabhAva kI niyatatA hai|

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618 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 2. buddhi ke dharma Adi ATha aMga niyati se niyamita haiN| 3. niyativAda ke anusAra jIva kA svarUpa caitanya hai tathA krodha, moha, lobha Adi jJAna lakSaNa rUpa svabhAva jisakA hai vaha caitanya hai| niyativAda meM pA~ca indriyA~ aura mana mAnya haiN| mana ahaM ke dvArA niyata hai tathA pratyeka zarIra meM pRthak-pRthak rUpa se rahatA hai| naraka, svarga Adi ke duHkha-sukha niyata haiN| jJAna bhI niyata hai tathA ucca kulInoM kA svabhAva bhI niyata hai| niyativAda ke anusAra AkAza, kAla, sukha-duHkha, jIva-ajIva Adi tattva mAnya haiN| 8. niyativAdiyoM ko pratyakSa aura anumAna pramANa mAnya haiN| 9. zarIra Adi kA kartA AtmA nahIM hai| 10. jagadvaicitrya kI siddhi niyativAda ke binA nahIM ho sktii| 11. niyati Adi se niyamita upAdAna hI satkArya meM vyApAra karatA hai| yaha niyati hI kArya kI nimitta hotI hai| haribhadrasUri(8vIM zatI) tathA unake TIkAkAra yazovijaya(17vIM zatI) ne niyativAda ke svarUpa meM kahA hai1. niyatijanyatA pratyeka vastu kA sAdhAraNa dharma hai| sabhI padArtha niyati se utpanna hote haiN|-shaastrvaartaa samuccaya niyati pramANa se siddha hai, kyoMki jagat meM niyati ke svarUpa ke anusAra hI ghaTAdi kAryoM kI utpatti dekhI jAtI hai| niyati rUpa viziSTa kArya kI utpatti hI niyati kI sattA meM pramANa hai| 3. niyati ke binA mUMgoM kA pakanA bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| 4. kArya ko yadi niyatijanya nahIM mAneMge to kArya meM niyatarUpatA kA koI niyAmaka nahIM bnegaa| niyAmakatA ke abhAva meM utpanna hone vAle kAryoM meM sarvAtmakatA kI Apatti A jaaegii| upAdhyAya yazovijaya ne nayopadeza meM kahA hai ki- niyativAdI kA mantavya hai ki mukti to hotI hai, kintu usakA koI upAya nahIM hai| vaha akasmAt hI hotI hai|

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upasaMhAra 619 jaina dArzanikoM ne niyativAda ke nirasana meM aneka tarka die haiN| kucha pramukha tarka isa prakAra haiM1. Agama kA mantavya hai ki pUrvakRta karma evaM puruSArtha bhI vyakti ke sukha duHkha meM hetu hote haiN| 2. yadi niyativAda ko svIkAra kiyA jAe to paraloka ke lie kI gaI jIva kI kriyAe~ vyartha ho jaayeNgii| kintu puruSArtha ko vyartha nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| 3. niyati svataH niyantrita hai yA kisI anya se niyantrita hai| 4. upAsakadazAMga sUtra meM utthAna, karma, bala,vIrya, puruSArtha, parAkrama Adi ke mahattva kA sthApana karate hue bhagavAna mahAvIra ne gozAlaka ke niyativAda kA nirasana kiyA hai| 5. puruSakAra kA apalApa karane vAlA niyativAda mRSA evaM pramANAtIta hai| -praznavyAkaraNa kI jJAnavimalasUrikRta TIkA 6. niyati acetana hai aura acetana kartA kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| vaha kisI ke Azrita hI ho sakatA hai, anAzrita nhiiN| - praznavyAkaraNa kI jJAnavimalasUrikRta TIkA 7. niyati ke sarvAtmaka hone se sadaiva saba vastue~ saba AkAra vAlI ho jAyeMgI tathA unameM pUrva-pazcAt aura yugapat kA vyavahAra saMbhava nahIM hogaa| ___- dvAdazAranayacakra 8. niyati ko svIkAra karane para hita kI prApti aura ahita ke parihAra ke lie AcAra kA upadeza nirarthaka ho jaaegaa| - dvAdazAranayacakra haribhadrasUri ne zAstravArtA samuccaya meM tathA unake TIkAkAra yazovijaya ne syAdvAdakalpalatA TIkA meM niyati ke nirasana meM nimnAMkita tarka die haiM, jinakA sAra isa prakAra haiM 1. niyati kI ekarUpatA asaMbhava hai| 2. niyati ko svIkAra karane para usakI sarvahetutA kA lopa upasthita hotA hai| sarvahetutA se Azaya hai sabhI vastuoM kA eka hetu niyti| 3. anya bhedaka ke binA niyati se vaicitrya kI kalpanA anupayukta hai|

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620 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa sanmatitarka ke TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri ne niyativAda ke nirasana meM aneka hetu die haiM 1. jJAna ko utpanna karane vAlI niyati ajJAna ko utpanna nahIM kara sktii| 2. niyativAda ko svIkAra karane para aniyama meM kAraNa kA abhAva hai| 3. niyati nitya bhI nahIM ho sakatI aura anitya bhii| 4. svAtmanikriyAvirodha ke kAraNa niyati svayaM ko utpanna karane meM samartha nahIM hai| 5. kAla Adi anya kAraNoM kA niSedha mAnane para nirhetuka niyati kI utpatti mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| dharmasaMgrahaNi TIkA meM AcArya malayagiri ne niyativAda ke nirasana meM do hetu die haiM1. niyati ke atirikta kAraNa ko aMgIkRta kiye binA jagat kI vicitratA saMbhava nahIM hai| 2. niyati se bhinna bhedaka kAraNoM ko svIkAra karane para jagat kI vicitratA meM anyonyAzraya doSa AtA hai| Adhunika yuga meM bIsavIM zatI ke jainAcArya zrI AtmArAma jI mahArAja ne niyati ke saMbaMdha meM bhAva-abhAva rUpa, eka-aneka rUpa, nitya-anitya rUpa vikalpoM ke mAdhyama se niyativAda kA nirasana karate hue niyati meM vyatireka ko asaMbhava siddha kiyA hai tathA niyati kI ekarUpatA, anekarUpatA ke sAtha abhAvarUpatA kA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai| jaina darzana meM bhI kathaMcit niyati kA praveza hai| jaina darzana meM kathaMcit niyati ko svIkAra karate hue kAlalabdhi, sarvajJatA aura kramabaddhaparyAya ko ekAnta niyativAda se pRthak siddha kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki jaina darzana meM niyati ko kAraNa mAnate hue bhI usameM kAla, svabhAvAdi anya kAraNoM ko bhI sthAna diyA gayA hai| paMcama adhyAya meM pUrvakRta karmavAda kI carcA hai| pUrvakRta karmavAda ke anusAra jIva ke dvArA kiye gae karmoM kA hI phala sukha-duHkha Adi ke rUpa meM prApta hotA hai tathA yahI jagat kI vicitratA kA kAraNa hai| apane-apane kRta karmoM ke kAraNa hI jIva vibhinna yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa karate haiM tathA karmoM kI bhinnatA ke AdhAra para bhinna-bhinna zarIra grahaNa karake apane kRta karmoM kA phala bhoga karate haiN|

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upasaMhAra 621 bhAratIya cintana meM pUrvakRta karmavAda kI jar3e gaharI haiN| vaidika vAGmaya tathA bauddha aura jaina grantha isake sAkSI haiN| karmavAda kA pratipAdana karane vAle grantha jaina darzana meM svatantra rUpa se upalabdha haiM, kintu ekAnta karmavAda ke poSaka grantha na to prApta hote haiM aura na hI unakA ullekha milatA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne paMca samavAya kA pratipAdana karate hue pUrvakRta karmavAda ko to aMgIkAra kiyA hai, kintu usakI ekAnta kAraNatA kA pratiSedha kiyA hai| vaidika saMhitAoM meM zubha-azubha karmoM ko vyakta karane vAle zubhaspatiH, dhiyaspatiH, vicarSaNiH, vizvacarSaNiH, 'vizvasya karmaNo dhartA' Adi zabdoM va vAkyoM kA prayoga huA hai| upaniSadoM meM karmavAda para dArzanika cintana upalabdha hai| bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, kaThopaniSad, taittirIyopaniSad aitareyopaniSad, chAndogyopaniSad Adi upaniSadoM meM karma ke anusAra phala prApti kI puSTi karane vAle vAkya samupalabdha haiN| saMnyAsopaniSad meM kahA gayA hai- 'karmaNA badhyate jantarvidyayA ca vimucyte'|24 brahmabindUpaniSad meM mana ko baMdhana evaM mokSa kA kAraNa nirUpita kiyA gayA hai- 'mana eva manuSyANAM kAraNaM bNdhmokssyoH| 25 upaniSad vAGmaya meM karma ke baMdhana punarjanma aura mokSa Adi kA samyak pratipAdana hai| purANoM meM pUrvakRta karma kA daiva yA bhAgya ke rUpa meM nirUpaNa hai| AdikAvya rAmAyaNa meM karma siddhAnta pUrNataH sthApita hai- 'yAdRzaM kurute karma tAdRzaM phalamaznute 26 mahAbhArata meM dharmAnukUla AcaraNa ko puNya tathA usase pratikUla AcaraNa ko pApa kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| pUrvajanma yA punarjanma kI mAnyatA ko bhI mahAbhArata meM sthAna diyA gayA hai| bhagavadgItA meM karma-saMbaMdhI mAnyatAoM ko sahaja DhaMga se vivecita evaM vizleSita kiyA gayA hai| gItA kA kathana hai ki phalecchA kI Asakti rakhane vAlA puruSa sadA karmoM se baMdhatA hai aura anAsakta bhAva se karma karane vAlA puruSa naiSThika zAnti ko prApta karatA hai| gItA meM manuSya ko svataMtra rUpa se karma karane kA adhikArI to mAnA gayA hai, kintu phala ko IzvarAdhIna batAyA gayA hai| 'vAsAMsi jIrNAni yathavihAya 27 zloka punarjanma ke siddhAnta ko puSTa karatA hai| saMskRta sAhitya ke vibhinna granthoM meM daiva, bhAgya yA karma siddhAnta kI puSTi huI hai| zukranIti meM pUrvajanma meM kiye hue karma ko bhAgya aura isa janma meM kiye jAne karma ko puruSArtha kahA hai|28 svapnavAsavadatta meM 'kAlakrameNa jagataH parivartamAnA cakrArapaMktiriva gacchati bhAgyapaMkti:29 tathA meghadUta meM nIcairgacchatyupari ca

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622 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa dazAcakranemikrameNa vAkya pUrvakRtakarma rUpI bhAgya kI puSTi karate haiN| paMcatantra, hitopadeza aura nItizataka bhI daiva yA pUrvakRtakarma siddhAnta ke poSaka haiN| nItizataka meM samasta sRSTi ke saMcAlana ko karma ke adhIna pratipAdita karate hue karma ko namana kiyA gayA hai- 'namastatkarmabhyo vidhirapi na yebhyaH prabhavati / 31 yogavAsiSTha meM daiva aura puruSArtha kI vistRta carcA hai / puruSArtha dvArA phala kI prApti ko daiva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai tathA daiva kI apekSA puruSArtha kI prabalatA aMgIkAra kI gaI hai| nyAyadarzana meM karma ko adRSTa ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| sAMkhya darzana meM dharma se Upara ke lokoM meM gamana tathA adharma se adholoka meM gamana aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai| mImAMsA darzana meM pratipAdita apUrva siddhAnta ko karma - siddhAnta kA paryAya kahA jA sakatA hai| bauddha darzana meM karma ko caitasika kahate hue use citta ke Azrita mAnA gayA hai| karma ke vahA~ mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika tIna bheda aMgIkRta haiM, jinheM tridaNDa bhI kahA gayA hai| vedAnta darzana ke anusAra baMdhana kA mUla kAraNa avidyA yA ajJAna hai| yogadarzana meM kliSTa vRtti ke saMskAra ko hI karma baMdhana ke hetu mAnA gayA hai| yoga sUtra meM jAti, Ayu aura bhoga ke rUpa meM karma vipAka kI trividhatA nirUpita hai| karma - siddhAnta kA sabase adhika vyavasthita nirUpaNa jaina darzana meM upalabdha hai / yaha jaina darzana kA pramukha siddhAnta hai / karma siddhAnta yA karmavAda se sambaddha jaina darzana meM vipula sAhitya hai / zvetAmbara paramparA meM prajJApanA sUtra, vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra, sthAnAMga sUtra, uttarAdhyayana sUtra Adi Agama sAhitya ke atirikta kammapayaDi, 6 karma grantha, paMca saMgraha Adi aneka grantha upalabdha haiN| digambara paramparA meM SaTkhaNDAgama, kasAyapAhuDa, gommaTasAra Adi grantha apanA apratima sthAna rakhate haiN| jaina darzana meM karma - siddhAnta kA jitanA vyavasthita evaM vyApaka nirUpaNa upalabdha hotA hai utanA kisI anya darzana meM nhiiN| jaina mAnyatAnusAra karmoM ke kAraNa hI jIva saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai| karmoM kA pUrNa kSaya hI mokSa kA svarUpa hai| jainadarzana meM ATha karma pratipAdita haiM- jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya mohanIya, AyuSya, nAma, gotra aura antraay| ina ATha karmoM kA svarUpa inake baMdha ke hetuoM Adi kA jaina sAhitya meM vizada pratipAdana huA hai| karma ke baMdhana meM mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga kI bhUmikA svIkAra kI gaI hai| ina pA~ca bandha hetuoM meM bhI yoga aura kaSAya ko adhika mahattva diyA gayA hai|

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upasaMhAra 623 bandha ke cAra prakAra haiM- prakRti baMdha, sthiti baMdha, anubhAga baMdha aura pradeza bNdh| karma ke svabhAva ko prakRti, usakI phala pradAna karane kI avadhi ko sthiti, phaladAna zakti ko anubhAga aura baddha karma - pudgala parimANa ko pradeza baMdha ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA gayA hai| karma - siddhAnta ke saMbaMdha meM vizeSAvazyaka bhASya evaM vibhinna granthoM ke AdhAra para isa adhyAya meM jo carcA kI gaI hai, usameM se katipaya bindu niSkarSataH isa prakAra hai 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 7. AtmA amUrta hai aura karma muurt| ina donoM kA saMyoga anAdi hai, kintu mokSa prApti ke samaya inakA viyoga saMbhava hai| mUrta karma kA amUrta AtmA ke sAtha saMbaMdha saMbhava hai / jisa prakAra ghaTa mUrta hote hue bhI usakA saMyoga saMbaMdha amUrta AkAza se hotA hai usI prakAra mUrta karma kA amUrta AtmA se saMyoga saMbhava hai| mUrta karma kA amUrta AtmA ke sAtha saMbaMdha hone ke prazna para kucha dArzanikoM kA samAdhAna hai ki karma se yukta AtmA kathaMcit mUrta hai / karmabaMdhana se viyukta hone para usakA amUrta svarUpa prakaTa ho jAtA hai| karma kA kartA aura bhoktA jIva hai| jIva ke sukha-duHkha svayaMkRta haiM, parakRta nahIM / karma ke phala kA saMvibhAga dUsarA nahIM kara sakatA arthAt eka jIva ke dvArA kiye gaye karma kA phala use hI bhoganA hotA hai| dUsarA use nahIM bA~Ta sktaa| karmabaMdha ke sAmAnya hetu mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ke hone para bhI pratyeka karma ke baMdha ke apane viziSTa hetu bhI haiM, jinakA nirUpaNa tattvArthasUtra Adi granthoM meM spaSTataH huA hai| zubha karma ko puNya puNya aura azubha karma pApa kahe jAte haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM vizuddhi aura saMkleza ko pApa kahA gayA hai| sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti, dehAntara prApti cetana kI kriyA phalavatI hone se karmoM kI siddhi hotI hai| sukha evaM zubha dehAdi kArya se usake kAraNabhUta puNya karma kA tathA duHkha azubha dehAdi kArya se usake kAraNabhUta pApa karma kA astitva siddha hotA hai|

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624 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 8. apane bhAgya kA nirmANa jIva svayaM karatA hai tathA vahI usameM apane puruSArtha ke dvArA kathaMcit parivartana bhI kara sakatA hai| 9. karmoM kA baMdha bhale hI anAdi ho, kintu unakA anta saMbhava hai| samasta aSTavidha karmoM kA kSaya hone para mokSa hotA hai- 'kRtsnakarmakSayo mokSaH 22 10. karma mUrta hai kyoMki usakA kArya zarIrAdi mUrta hai| vaha isalie bhI mUrta hai kyoMki usase saMbaMdha hone para sukha-duHkhAdi kA anubhava hotA hai| mUrta hone ke sAtha vaha pariNAmI bhI hai| 11. karmoM kA phala pradAna karane ke lie kisI Izvara ko svIkAra karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| AtmA se cipake hue karmapudgala udaya meM Akara phala pradAna karate haiN| 12. karma kI daza avasthAe~ svIkAra kI gaI haiM-baMdha, udaya, udIraNA, sattA, udvartanA, apavartanA, saMkramaNa, upazamana, nidhatti aura nikaacn| inheM daza kAraNa bhI kahA gayA hai| karma siddhAnta meM ina daza avasthAoM kA vizeSa mahattva hai| 13. prAya: bhAratIya darzana meM yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki jIva ne jisa prakAra ke karmoM kA arjana kiyA hai use unakA vaisA hI phala bhoga karanA par3atA hai| jaina darzanAnusAra pUrvabaddha karmoM kA utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa aura saMkramaNa saMbhava hai| pahale bA~dhe gae kamoM kI phaladAna avadhi arthAt sthiti ko vartamAna ke zubhAzubha pariNAmoM se ghaTAyA yA baDhAyA jA sakatA hai| vartamAna ke zubha pariNAmoM ke dvArA pUrvabaddha pApa karmoM kI sthiti ghaTatI hai tathA puNya karmoM kI sthiti baDhatI hai| ghaTane ko apakarSaNa yA apavartana tathA bar3hane ko utkarSaNa yA udvartana kahA jAtA hai| isI prakAra karmoM kI phaladAna zakti arthAt anubhAva yA anubhAga meM bhI zubhAzubha pariNAmoM se pUrvabaddha karmoM meM utkarSaNa evaM apakarSaNa saMbhava hai| pUrvabaddha kamoM kA badhyamAna karmoM meM vartamAna ke bhAvoM ke anusAra saMkramaNa saMbhava hai| isa prakAra jaina darzana kA mantavya hai ki pUrvabaddha karmoM ko usI rUpa meM bhoganA anivArya nahIM hai| unameM yathocita parivartana bhI saMbhava hai| kucha hI karma aise haiM jinheM nikAcita karma kahA jAtA hai, unameM parivartana kisI bhI prakAra saMbhava nahIM hotaa|

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upasaMhAra 625 jaina darzana meM 'karma siddhAnta' kI pradhAnatA hote hue bhI ekAnta karmavAda kA dvAdazAranayacakra, zAstravArtA samuccaya aura sanmati tarka kI tattvabodhavidhAyinI TIkA meM jainAcAryoM ne upasthApana evaM nirasana kiyA hai| AcArAMga sUtra evaM usakI zIlAMka TIkA meM bhI ekAnta karmavAda kA upasthApana huA hai, yathA jagata kI vicitratA kA kAraNa karma hai| karmavAda ke dvArA kAlavAdI, yadRcchAvAdI, niyativAdI, IzvaravAdI aura AtmavAdI nirasta ho jAte haiN| puruSakAra yA puruSArtha ke dvArA bhI jaba kArya kI siddhi nahIM hotI hai taba pUrvakRta karma hI kAraNa ke rUpa meM siddha hotA hai| puruSakAra ke hote hue bhI kArya kI asiddhi dekhI jAtI hai, isalie siddhi-asiddhi ke pIche koI na koI dUsarA kAraNa hai jo karma hai| 3. kArya kI bhinnatA se kAraNa kI bhinnatA kA bodha hotA hai aura isa bhinnatA kA pravartaka kAraNa karma hI hai| 4. karma se AviSTa puruSa usI prakAra asvatantra yA paravaza hai jisa prakAra vetAla se AviSTa shv| 5. puruSArthavAdI zaMkA karate haiM ki karma ko sahAyaka kAraNa ke rUpa meM puruSArtha kI apekSA rahatI hai| karmavAdI isakA samAdhAna dete hue kahate haiM ki jo puruSakAra hotA hai vaha bhI dharma yA adharma svarUpa phala pradAna karane ke kAraNa karma hI hai| bhoktA ko bhogya padArtha svakRta karma ke anusAra hI milate haiM ata: bhogya padArtha kI prApti se puruSa ke karmoM kI siddhi svata: ho jAtI hai| jIvoM kA pUrvArjita karma hI jagat kA utpAdaka hotA hai| jagaddhetutvaM karmaNyeva, itareSAM parAbhimatahetUnAM vyabhicAritvAditi bhAvaH33 arthAt jagat kI kAraNatA jIva ke karmoM meM hI hai| bhoktA ke anukUla karma ke abhAva meM mUMga kA pakanA bhI nahIM dekhA jaataa| kabhI-kabhI dRSTa kAraNa kA abhAva hone para bhI Akasmika dhana lAbha dekhA jAtA hai| usakA kAraNa adRSTa karma hI hai| kAla vipAka hone para koI bhogya sAmagrI kI upalabdhi svIkAra karate haiM kintu vastutaH vaha kAla bhI karma kA hI aMgabhUta hai| 8.

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626 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 10. bhogya padArtha bhinna-bhinna haiM isalie unake kAraNa rUpa karma bhI bhinnabhinna hai| yadi karma ko bhinna-bhinna nahIM mAneMge to bhogya padArthoM kI bhinnatA nahIM ho skegii| 11. ekAnta karmavAda ke nirasana meM jainAcAryoM ne jo tarka die haiM, unameM se katipaya pramukha tarka niSkarSataH isa prakAra haiM 1. 3. 4. 5. 6. pUrvakRta karma kA phala khajAne meM sthita dhana kI bhA~ti hotA hai, jo samaya Ane para upasthita hotA hai| isI prakAra hAtha meM rakhe hue dIpaka ke samAna buddhi kI pravRtti bhI pUrvakRta karmAnusAra hI hotI hai / 7. karmavAdI karma ko kAraNa mAnate haiM jabaki vaha kartA kA kArya bhI hai| 'karturIpsitatamaM karma' lakSaNa se jo karma kA svarUpa prakaTa hotA hai usase karma ke nirvivAda rUpa se kRtaka hone ke kAraNa vaha kartA kA hI kArya siddha hotA hai aura vaha kartA puruSa yA AtmA hai| karma-zakti kI svataMtratA kA koI svarUpa nahIM hai| utpanna hone vAle athavA kriyamANa karma ko pRthakbhUta puruSa yA AtmA kA Azraya lenA hotA hai| yadi puruSArtha kA mahattva nahIM hai evaM karma se hI sabakucha hotA hai to samasta zAstra kI vyarthatA kA prasaMga upasthita hotA hai| AtmA aura karma meM pariNAma aura pariNAmaka bhAva pAyA jAtA hai| karma kI pravRtti kA karttA AtmA hai| yadi adRSTa karma ko sarvatra kAraNa mAnA jAya to mokSa ke abhAva kI Apatti hogI, kyoMki mokSa karmajanya nahIM hotA hai aura ekAnta karmavAda meM karma se bhinna kisI kAraNa ko nahIM mAnA jaataa| adRSTa karma ko kAraNa mAnane se anavasthA doSa upasthita hogA / ghaTAdi kAryoM ke prati kulAlAdi kAraNa kA honA pratyakSa se pratIyamAna hai| isakA parihAra karate hue anya adRSTa kAraNoM kI kalpanA karanA tathA phira usakA parihAra karane ke lie usase bhI bhinna adRSTa kAraNa kI kalpanA karanA anavasthA doSa ko utpanna karanA hai| hai| karma se jagat kI vicitratA saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki karma kartA ke adhIna / eka svabhAva vAle karma se jagat kI vicitratA rUpI kArya nahIM ho sktaa| yadi karma ko aneka svabhAva vAlA svIkAra kiyA jAe to

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upasaMhAra 627 puruSakAra, svabhAvAdi aneka kAraNoM ko mAnane meM aura isa karma ko mAnane meM nAmamAtra kA bheda raha jaaegaa| AtmA karma kA Alambana hai, usa Alambana ke binA karma apanA kArya nahIM kara sktaa| cetana se anidhiSThita karma vAsyAdi kI bhA~ti hai, jisakA koI adhiSThAyaka honA caahie| adhiSThAyaka ko svIkAra karate hI ekAnta karmavAda khaNDita ho jAtA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta eka pramukha siddhAnta ke rUpa meM vivecita hone para bhI jaina dArzanika usakI ekAnta kAraNatA se asahamata haiN| ve pUrvakRta karmoM ke sAtha kAla, svabhAva, niyati aura puruSArtha ko bhI kathaMcit mahattva dete haiN| SaSTha adhyAya meM puruSa ke jagatsraSTA-svarUpa kA nirasana evaM puruSakAra/ puruSArtha kI kAraNatA kA kathaJcit svIkAra hai| jainadarzana meM mAnya 'paMca samavAya' siddhAnta meM puruSakAra yA puruSArtha kA apratima sthAna hai| Adhunika mAnyatAnusAra paMca samavAya meM kAla, svabhAva, niyati evaM karma ke sAtha puruSArtha kA samAveza kiyA jAtA hai| yaha upayukta hI hai, kyoMki jainadarzana zramaNasaMskRti kA pratinidhidarzana hai jisameM 'zrama' kA mahattva nirvivAda hai| yaha zrama duHkhamukti ke lie karaNIya sAdhanA ko iMgita karatA hai| isa zrama meM saMyama evaM tapa kI sAdhanA kA samAveza hai| Agama vAGmaya meM etAdRk puruSArtha ke poSaka aneka uddharaNa samprApta haiN| AtmakRta karma ke anusAra phalaprApti ko svIkAra karane vAle AtmasvAtantryavAdI jainadarzana meM utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya, puruSakAra evaM parAkrama Adi ke rUpa meM puruSArtha kI mahattA sthApita ho yaha svAbhAvika hai, tathApi isa adhyAya meM puruSavAda evaM puruSArthavAda kA pRthakpa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| siddhasenasUri kI gAthA (sanmatitarka 3.53) meM 'purise' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| isa gAthA meM prayukta 'purise' zabda kA TIkAkAra zIlAMka ne 'puruSa' artha karake puruSavAda kI carcA kI hai| puruSavAda ke anusAra jagat kA sraSTA parama puruSa hai jo sarvavyApaka hai, nitya hai, sarvajJa hai aura eka hai| isa puruSavAda kA jaina dArzanika nirasana karate haiN| haribhadrasUri ne 'purise' ke sthAna para 'purisakiriyAo' (puruSakriyA) zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, jo dhIre-dhIre puruSakAra evaM puruSArtha ke rUpa meM prayukta hone lgaa| jaina darzana ke phalaka para yaha puruSakriyA, puruSakAra yA puruSArtha zabda kA prayoga adhika samIcIna hai|

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628 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 'puruSavAda' ke bIja Rgveda ke puruSasUkta meM upalabdha haiN| isameM aise puruSa kI kalpanA kI gaI hai jo sahasra ziroM, sahasra bhujAoM vAlA, sahasra netroM vAlA aura sahasra pairoM vAlA hai| vaha sampUrNa jagat ko vyApta kiye hue hai| puruSa sUkta kA eka maMtra prasiddha hai puruSa evedaM sarvaM yad bhUtaM yacca bhaavym| ,34 utAmRtatvasyezvaro yadanyenAbhavat saha / / upaniSad vAGmaya meM bhI puruSavAda kI mAnyatA kA samarthana prApta hotA hai| aitareyopaniSad, chAndogyopaniSad, muNDakopaniSad, taittirIyopaniSad, praznopaniSad Adi upaniSadoM meM puruSavAda varNita hai| kahIM brahmavAda ke rUpa meM usakA varNana kiyA gayA hai| taittirIyopaniSad meM kahA gayA hai - yato vA imAni bhUtAni jAyante yena jAtAni jiivnti| yatprayantyabhisaMvizanti / tadvijijJAsva / tad brahmeti / / ,35 upaniSadoM meM brahma se jagat kI utpatti kA vivecana adhika huA hai| jo purANoM meM parivardhita huA hai| harivaMza purANa meM bhagavAna nArAyaNa ko brahma se utpanna svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| devI bhAgavata purANa meM advaita brahma kA nirUpaNa karate hue use nitya aura sanAtana batAyA hai tathA yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jaba vaha vizva kI racanA meM tatpara hotA hai taba vaha aneka rUpa ho jAtA hai| mahAbhArata meM avinAzI paramAtmA se AkAza, AkAza se vAyu, vAyu se agni aura agni se jala tathA jala se pRthvI kI utpatti nirdiSTa hai| bhagavad gItA meM zrI kRSNa arjuna se kahate haiM- 'bIjaM mAM sarvabhUtAnAM viddhi pArtha snaatnm| Sa rAmAyaNa aura manusmRti meM bhI sRSTi racanA kA isI prakAra nirUpaNa huA hai| manusmRti meM svayaMbhU paramAtmA se pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu evaM AkAza kI utpatti pratipAdita hai| 36 jainAgama sUtrakRtAMga meM deva, brahma, Izvara aura svayaMbhU ke dvArA jagat ke nirmANa kI carcA hai| jainAcAryoM ne puruSavAda, brahmavAda aura IzvaravAda tInoM kA nirUpaNa evaM nirasana kiyA hai| puruSavAda kA hI vikAsa brahmavAda evaM IzvaravAda meM huA hai| dvAdazAranayacakra meM mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne tathA sanmatitarka TIkA meM abhayadeva sUri ne puruSavAda kA upasthApana evaM nirasana kiyA hai| puruSavAda ke nirasana meM mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa, jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa, abhayadevasUri ke tarkoM kA saMkSepa isa prakAra hai

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1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 7. 8. 9. upasaMhAra 629 dvAdazAranayacakra meM mallavAdI kahate haiM ki puruSa kI jAgrata, supta, suSupti aura tUrya nAmaka cAra avasthAe~ nirUpita kI gaI hai| unameM puruSa tattva ina cAra avasthAoM ke lakSaNa vAlA hai athavA ye cAra avasthAe~ puruSAdi ke lakSaNa vAlI hai? yadi cAra avasthAe~ svayaM hI puruSa haiM to ina avasthAoM se bhinna kisI puruSa kI siddhi nahIM hotii| cAra avasthAoM kA samudAya hI yadi puruSa hai to yaha samudAyavAda mAtra raha jAegA, puruSavAda nhiiN| yadi tUrya avasthA ke pratipAdana ke lie ina cAra avasthAoM kA krama svIkAra kiyA gayA hai to ina avasthAoM ke kramika hone se kSaNikavAda kI Apatti AtI hai| cAra avasthAoM ke cAra jJAnoM kI kalpanA karane se kalpanA jJAna mAtra hI satya raha jAegA tathA unakA AbhAsa karAne vAlI bAhya vastu jaise svapna meM nahIM hotI hai vaise nahIM rhegii| isa prakAra vijJAna ke atirikta padArthoM kA zUnyavAda upasthita ho jaaegaa| yadi yaha puruSa cAra avasthAoM se eka avasthA mAtra svarUpa vAlA hai to anya avasthAoM kA abhAva ho jAyegA yadi pratyeka avasthA meM vinidrA avasthA kI sarvAtmakatA hai to tRNa Adi bhI sarvAtmaka yA sarvagata ho jaayeNge| phira puruSa kI ekatva kI kalpanA se kyA lAbha? puruSa kI svAtmA hI usakI avasthA hai| yadi avasthA nahIM hai to puruSa nahIM hai| yadi puruSa kI avasthA ko svIkAra bhI kiyA jAya to puruSa kI cAra avasthAoM kI ekatA siddha hotI hai| puruSa kI advaitatA asiddha hai| jaba puruSa kI lakSaNa svarUpa vinidrA avasthA puruSa nahIM hai tathA anya avasthAe~ bhI puruSa nahIM hai to isase puruSa kA abhAva siddha hotA hai| jaba puruSa kA hI abhAva hai to sarvagatatA kaise hogI? vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne 'puruSevedaM sarva' veda vAkya ko arthavAda vAkya batAkara usakA nirasana kiyA hai| 10. sanmati tarka TIkA meM abhayadevasUri ne jagadutpatti meM puruSa kI kAraNatA para AkSepa karate hue kahA hai ki puruSa ko jagat kI sthiti, sarga aura pralaya kA kAraNa mAnanA usI prakAra asaMgata hai jisa prakAra Izvara kI jagat hetutA asaMgata hai|

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630 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 11. puruSa dvArA jagat kI utpatti meM koI uddezya pratIta nahIM hotaa| yadi vaha anya puruSa yA Izvara Adi kI preraNA se jagat racanA meM pravRtta hotA hai to usameM asvatantratA kA prasaMga A jaaegaa| yadi vaha anukampA se dUsaroM kA upakAra karane ke lie jagat kI racanA karatA hai to duHkhI prANiyoM ko utpanna nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| 13. yadi unake karmoM kA kSaya karane ke lie daHkhI prANiyoM ko utpanna kiyA jAya to isameM una jIvoM ke dvArA kRta karmoM kI apekSA rakhanI hogii| sRSTi ke pahale anukampA yogya prANiyoM kA sadbhAva nahIM rhtaa| 15. krIr3A se bhI jagat-racanA meM puruSa kI pravRtti mAnanA samIcIna nahIM hai| vicitra krIr3A ke upAya kI vRtti meM usa puruSa kI pahale se hI zakti hai to vaha yugapat hI samasta jagat kI utpatti, sthiti aura pralaya kI racanA kara degaa| yadi usake pAsa prArambha meM zakti nahIM hai to krama se bhI vaha utpatti-sthiti-pralaya ko sampanna nahIM kara skegaa| 16. puruSa yadi abuddhipUrvaka hI jagat nirmANa meM pravRtta hotA hai to vaha prAkRta puruSa se bhI hIna ho jaaegaa| upaniSad evaM vedAnta darzana meM brahma se jagadutpatti svIkAra kI gaI hai| AcArya prabhAcandra (11vIM zatI) ne prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM brahmavAda ke svarUpa kA upasthApana evaM nirasana kiyA hai| unhoMne jahA~ brahmavAda kI siddhi meM pratyakSa, anumAna aura Agama pramANa die haiM vahA~ brahmavAda kA sabala yuktiyoM se nirasana bhI kiyA hai| puruSavAda se jisa prakAra brahmavAda kA vikAsa huA usI prakAra IzvaravAda kA bhI vikAsa puruSavAda se mAnanA caahie| maharSi gautama ne nyAyadarzana meM Izvara ko sarvazaktimAn aura sarvajJa svIkAra kiyA hai| Izvara kA jJAna nitya hai tathA vaha sabhI prakAra kI pUrNatA se yukta hai| Izvara na baddha hai aura na mukt| vaha sraSTA aura pAlanakartA hone ke sAtha vizva kA saMhartA bhI hai| puruSa arthAt jIva ke karmoM kI viphalatA dRSTigocara hone se Izvara kI kAraNatA siddha hotI hai| prayatna karatA huA bhI jIva asaphala hotA hai, jisameM IzvarecchA hI usakI niyAmikA hotI hai| udayana ne nyAyakusumAMjali meM IzvaravAda kI siddhi meM aneka sAdhaka pramANa prastuta kie haiN| unakA sabase bar3A tarka hai ki jagat bhI eka kArya hai, isIlie usakA koI na koI sraSTA honA cAhie aura vaha sraSTA Izvara hai|

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upasaMhAra 631 IzvaravAda ke nirasana meM zIlAMkAcArya (9-10vIM zatI) abhayadevasUri (10vIM zatI), prabhAcandrAcArya (11vIM zatI) aura malliSeNasUri (1293 I.) ne aneka tarka die haiN| sAMkhyatattvakaumudIkAra vAcaspati mizra ne bhI IzvaravAda kA khaNDana kiyA hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke TIkAkAra zIlAMkAcArya ne IzvaravAdiyoM se prazna kiyA hai ki Izvara svata: hI dUsaroM ko unakI kriyAoM meM pravRtta karatA hai yA dUsaroM ke dvArA prerita hokara? yadi vaha svata: dUsaroM ko apanI kriyAoM meM pravRtta karatA hai to dUsare bhI usI prakAra svata: apanI kriyAoM meM pravRtta ho jaayeNge| bIca meM Izvara kI parikalpanA karane se kyA lAbha? yadi Izvara dUsare ke dvArA prerita hokara kriyAoM kA pravartaka hotA hai to vaha dUsarA bhI kisI anya se prerita hogA aura isa prakAra anavasthA doSa utpanna ho jaaegaa| jIva ke prAktana zubhAzubha karmoM ke phala pradAtA ke rUpa meM Izvara ko mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, kyoMki karmoM kI anAdi hetu paramparA se phala prApti svata: ho jaayegii| jagat kI vicitratA se Izvara kI siddhi nahIM ho sktii| Izvara jaba eka hI hai to samasta jagat kA usase ekatva ho jaaegaa| phira kauna kisake dvArA pratipAdita kiyA jAyegA? abhayadevasUri ne sanmati tarka kI TIkA meM puruSavAda ke khaNDana meM jo tarka die haiM unhIM se IzvaravAda kA bhI khaNDana ho jAtA hai, yathA- 1. jIvoM para anugraha ke lie sRSTi kI racanA yuktisaMgata nhiiN| 2. Izvara ke dvArA jagat kI utpatti na yugapat ho sakatI hai aura na krama se| 3. krIr3A mAtra ko hI jagat kI utpatti meM kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| prabhAcandrAcArya ne IzvaravAdiyoM ke tarka evaM pratitakoM ko upasthita kara unakA yuktisaMgata pratyavasthAna kiyA hai| __ malliSeNa sUri ne syAdvAdamaMjarI meM Izvara kI jagat kartRtA kA vyavasthita nirasana kiyA hai| unake katipaya tarka isa prakAra haiM i. Izvara ne zarIra dhAraNa karake jagat ko banAyA hai to vaha dRzya thA yA adRzya? yadi vaha zarIra hamAre zarIra kI taraha dRzya thA to isameM pratyakSa se bAdhA AtI hai| yadi vaha mAhAtmya vizeSa ke kAraNa adRzya zarIra vAlA hai to isameM itaretarAzraya doSa AtA hai| kyoMki mAhAtmya vizeSa ke siddha hone para adRzya zarIra siddha hogA aura adRzya zarIra siddha hone para mAhAtmya vizeSa siddha hogaa|

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632 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa ii. jagat kA nirmANa na eka Izvara ke dvArA saMbhava hai aura na aneka Izvara ke dvaaraa| Izvara ko sarvajJa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki isameM veda se virodha AtA hai| vaha jagat kI racanA meM jIvoM ko unake karmAnusAra phala dene ke kAraNa svataMtra bhI nahIM hai| puruSakAra athavA puruSArtha kI carcA isa adhyAya kA mahattvapUrNa pratipAdya hai, kyoMki uttarakAlIna jainAcAryoM ne paMcasamavAya meM kAlAdi ke sAtha isI ko sthAna diyA hai| puruSakAra yA puruSArtha jaina sAdhanA paddhati kI AtmA hai| pUrvabaddha karmoM ke kSaya evaM navIna karmoM ke nirodha ke lie AtmapuruSArtha kI mahattA jaina vAGmaya meM pade-pade pratipAdita hai| pratyeka AtmA ko svataMtra mAnane vAlA jaina darzana pUrvakRta karma aura puruSArtha kI avadhAraNA para TikA huA hai| samyaktva kI prApti ho yA gaNazreNi para ArohaNa jIva ke zubha pariNAmoM kI mahattA sarvatra sthApita hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM pratipAdita dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa nAmaka cAra puruSArthoM meM se jaina darzana meM dharma evaM mokSa puruSArtha kI vizeSa pratiSThA hai| inameM bhI dharma puruSArtha para vizeSataH dhyAna kendrita kiyA hai kyoMki mokSa kI prApti usI se saMbhava hai| jaina granthoM meM artha aura kAma puruSArtha ko mukti kI sAdhanA meM koI mahattva nahIM diyA gayA hai, kintu vyAvahArika jIvana ke lie unakA bhI AcaraNa dharmapUrvaka karanA upAdeya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| saptama adhyAya 'jainadarzana kI nayadRSTi aura paMcasamavAya' isa zodhaprabandha kA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa adhyAya hai| jainadarzana kI anekAntavAdI naya dRSTi kA hI pariNAma hai ki isameM paMca kAraNa samavAya siddhAnta ko sthAna milaa| siddhasena divAkara ne kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSa/puruSakAra meM se eka-eka kI kAraNatA ko mithyAtva tathA sabake sAmAsika yA samanvita svarUpa ko samyaktva khaa| unake anantara haribhadrasUri, zIlAMkAcArya, abhayadevasUri, yazovijaya, malladhArI rAjazekharasUri, upAdhyAya vinayavijaya Adi ne paMca samavAya ke pratiSThApana meM apanA yogadAna diyaa| unake anantara tilokaRSi jI, zatAvadhAnI ratnacandra jI mahArAja, kAnajI svAmI Adi ne bhI paMca samavAya ko pratiSThita karane meM apanI bhUmikA kA nirvAha kiyaa| isameM saMdeha nahIM ki jaina darzana meM kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSArtha kI kAraNatA aMgIkRta hai| inameM eka-eka ko pradhAna banAkara bhI kAraNatA kA pratipAdana saMbhava hai| jaina darzana meM kAla kI kAraNatA vibhinna AdhAroM para siddha hotI hai

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upasaMhAra 633 1. sabhI dravyoM ke pariNamana meM kAla dravya kAraNa hai| 2. vyavahAra meM kAla kI kAraNatA aneka kAryoM meM aMgIkRta hai| 3. kAla bahiraMga kAraNa hai| 4. vartanA, pariNAma, kriyA, paratva-aparatva ke rUpa meM kAla kI kAraNatA svIkRta hai| 5. jaina darzana meM kAlalabdhi kI avadhAraNA hai jo kAla kI kAraNatA ko siddha karatI hai| 6. karma-siddhAnta meM abAdhAkAla kI avadhAraNA bhI kAla kI kAraNatA ko spaSTa karatI hai| svabhAva kI kAraNatA bhI jaina darzana meM mAnya hai| usakI siddhi meM katipaya bindu isa prakAra haiM 1. SaDdravyoM kA apanA svabhAva hai tathA ve usake anusAra hI kArya karate haiN| 2. vinasA pariNamana meM padArtha kA apanA svabhAva hI kAraNa banatA hai| 3. jIva kA anAdi pAriNAmika bhAva, bhavyatva, abhavyatva, jIvatva Adi ke rUpa meM svabhAva se hI kArya karatA hai| 4. jJAnAvaraNAdi aSTa karmoM kA apanA svabhAva hai, usI anusAra ve jIva ke jJAna ko AvRtta karane Adi kA kArya karate haiN| jaina darzana meM niyati kI kAraNatA bhI svIkRta hai, yathAjaina dharma meM kAlacakra kA niyata krama svIkAra kiyA gayA hai jo utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| donoM meM 6-6 Araka mAne gae haiN| . 2. 24 tIrthakaroM, 12 cakravartI, 9 baladeva, 9 vAsudeva, 9 prativAsudeva Adi kI nizcita mAnyatA jaina dharma meM niyati ke praveza kI sUcaka hai| 3. tIrthakara karma prakRti ko bA~dhane vAlA jIva tIsare bhava meM avazya tIrthakara banatA hai, yaha bhI eka niyati hai| 4. 24 tIrthaMkaroM meM eka tIrthakara ke nirvANa tathA dUsare tIrthakara ke bIca kA jo antara hai vaha pratyeka caubIsI meM usI prakAra rahatA hai|

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634 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa akarma bhUmi meM puruSa-strI ke yugalika kA utpanna honA tathA karmabhUmi meM prathama tIna AroM meM yugalikoM kI utpatti svIkAra karanA, kAla evaM kSetra kI niyati hai| akarma bhUmi meM napuMsaka puruSa kA utpanna na honA bhI niyati kI mAnyatA ko iMgita karatA hai| jambUdvIpaprajJapti ke anusAra jambUdvIpa meM kama se kama cAra aura adhika se adhika 34 tIrthakaroM ke hone kA kathana tathA kama se kama 4 aura adhika se adhika 30 cakravartI hone kA kathana bhI niyati ko siddha karatA hai| 7. siddhoM meM pUrvabhava ke Azrita, kSetrAzrita, avagAhanA Azrita aneka tathya aise haiM, jo jaina dharma meM niyati kI kAraNatA ko puSTa karate haiN| jaina karma siddhAnta meM bhI aneka aise nizcita niyama hai jo niyati ko puSTa karate haiN| yoga aura kaSAya ke hone para karma pudgala kA AtmA ke sAtha cipakanA niyata hai| vibhinna gatiyoM meM jIvoM kI utkRSTa Ayu niyata hai| pUrvakRta karma jIva ke bhAvI jIvana ko niyati kI taraha prabhAvita karate haiN| __ anapavartya AyuSya vAle jIva AyuSya kI pUrNa avadhi bhogakara hI maraNa ko prApta hote haiM, yaha niyati hai| nikAcita karma kI mAnyatA bhI niyati kI sUcaka hai| 12. vartamAna meM yaha mAnyatA hai ki jambUsvAmI ke mokSa jAne ke pazcAt kevalajJAna sahita 10 bAtoM kA viccheda ho gayA hai| isameM niyati kAraNa 13. yaha bhI niyata hai ki koI jIva eka bAra samyaktva prApti kara le to vaha jIva adhikatama 15 bhava meM avazya mokSa ko prApta kara sakatA hai| pUrvakRta karma kI kAraNatA jaina darzana kA pramukha evaM kendriya siddhAnta hai| jaina vAGmaya meM karma siddhAnta kA vyavasthita evaM vistRta vivecana prApta hotA hai| jainadarzana meM karmavAda ke mahattva para pahale hI prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai| jaina darzana meM puruSa/puruSakAra kI kAraNatA para pUrA bala diyA gayA hai| siddhasena sUri ne pA~ca kAraNoM meM 'puruSa' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, puruSakAra yA puruSArtha isI kA vikasita rUpa hai| AtmA ko apane kAryoM yA karmoM kA kartA mAnane ke AdhAra para jaina darzana meM puruSa kI kAraNatA svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai tathA jIva ke dvArA kie gae prayatnoM ko puruSakAra yA puruSArtha kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai|

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upasaMhAra 635 jaina darzana meM puruSakAra yA puruSArtha kA vizeSa mahattva hai| puruSa ke sAtha puruSakAra kI kAraNatA svayaM siddha hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM mAnya puruSArtha catuSTaya meM se yahA~ dharma puruSArtha ko adhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| puruSArtha kI siddhi jaina vAGmaya meM pade-pade prApta hai| jaina dharma meM mAnya dharma-puruSArtha yA parAkrama ko puSTa karane vAle kucha bindu isa prakAra haiM 1. jaina darzana meM tapa-saMyama meM parAkrama kI preraNA kI gaI hai| 2. mokSa kI siddhi hetu puruSArtha ko jAgarita karane para bala diyA gayA hai| 3. saMyama, tapa, nirjarA Adi meM puruSArtha ko sAdhana svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 4. tIrthakara RSabhadeva se mahAvIra taka ke 24 tIrthakaroM kA jIvana, gautama Adi gyAraha gaNadharoM kA jIvana puruSArtha kI preraNA detA hai| 5. antagaDa sUtra meM 99 AtmAoM dvArA karmakSaya kara mokSa prApta karane kA nirUpaNa bhI jaina darzana meM puruSArtha kI mAnyatA ko puSTa karatA hai| 6. zAlibhadra, dhannA aNagAra, skandhaka RSi, dharmaruci aNagAra Adi ke jIvana prasaMga bhI Atma puruSArtha ke samarthaka haiN| 'paMca samavAya' siddhAnta meM kAlAdi pA~ca kAraNoM kA samanvaya karane meM siddhasena sUri, haribhadrasUri, zIlAMkAcArya, abhayadevasUri, malladhArI rAjazekhara sUri, upAdhyAya yazovijaya, upAdhyAya vinayavijaya Adi udbhaTa dArzanikoM ne saphala prayAsa kiye haiN| paMca kAraNa samavAya kI siddhi meM zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne jitanA spaSTa yogadAna kiyA hai utanA prAcIna digambarAcAryoM kA yogadAna jJAta nahIM hotaa| amRtacandrAcArya ne 47 nayoM kA vivecana karate hue kAlanaya, svabhAvanaya, niyatinaya, daivanaya aura puruSakAranaya kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, kintu paMca kAraNa samavAya ke nAma se koI carcA nahIM kii| jayasenAcArya ne paMcAstikAya kI tAtparyavRtti meM 'kAlAdilabdhivazAt' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, kintu pA~ca kAraNoM kA spaSTa ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| 19vIM zatI se paMca samavAya siddhAnta ke pratiSThApana meM zrI tilokaRSi jI mahArAja, zatAvadhAnI zrI ratnacandra jI mahArAja, zrI kAnajI svAmI Adi ke prayAsa ullekhanIya haiN| paMca samavAya muktiprApti meM bhI sahAyaka hai tathA vyAvahArika jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM bhI inakI kAraNatA siddha hotI hai| kAla Adi pA~ca kAraNoM meM paraspara

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636 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa gauNa-pradhAna bhAva saMbhava hai| kabhI kAla pradhAna ho sakatA hai, kabhI svabhAva, kabhI niyati, kabhI pUrvakRta karma to kabhI purussaarth| yaha bhI Avazyaka nahIM ki sadaiva eka sAtha pA~coM kAraNa upasthita hoM, pA~coM kAraNa to jIva meM ghaTita hone vAle kAryoM meM hI hote haiM, ajIva padArthoM meM sampanna hone vAle kAryoM meM na to pUrvakRta karma kAraNa hotA hai aura na hI unakA apanA purussaarth| upacAra se jIva ke pUrvakRta karmoM evaM puruSArtha ko kathaMcit kAraNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| pudgala ke prayoga-pariNamana meM to jIva kA puruSArtha kAraNa banatA bhI hai| ye pA~ca kAraNa paraspara eka-dUsare ke pratibaMdhaka nahIM hote hai| inameM paraspara samanvaya se kArya kI siddhi hotI hai| ___ anta meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki paMca samavAya kA siddhAnta jaina darzana kI anekAntavAdI yA nayavAdI dRSTi kA pariNAma hai tathA yaha jainAgamoM kI mUla mAnyatA se aviruddha hai| ata: kahA hai sabvevi ya kAlAI iha samudAyeNa sAhagA bhnniyaa| __ jujjati ya emeva ya samma savvassa kjjss||37 'paMca samavAya' siddhAnta ko svIkAra karane para bhI jainadarzana meM puruSakAravAda athavA puruSArthavAda kI pradhAnatA aMgIkRta hai| zramaNa saMskRti kA darzana hone ke kAraNa isameM zrama arthAt udyama yA puruSArtha kA vizeSa mahattva hai| manuSya ke hAtha meM puruSArtha hI hai, jisase vaha apane bhAgya ko bhI parivartita kara sakatA hai aura mokSa ko bhI prApta kara sakatA hai| isIlie vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra ke vRttikAra abhayadevasUri kA kathana hai"yadyapyudIraNAdiSu kAlasvabhAvAdInAM kAraNatvamasti tathA'pi prAdhAnyena puruSavIryasyaiva kaarnntvm| 38 arthAt udIraNA Adi meM kAla-svabhAva Adi kI kAraNatA svIkRta hai tathApi Agama kI dRSTi se puruSArtha kA hI prAdhAnya hai| sandarbha : 1. sanmatitarka 3.53 (ka) mahAbhArata, Adi parva, prathama adhyAya, zloka 248, 250 (kha) sanmatitarka prakaraNa 3.53 para abhayadeva kI TIkA, pR. 711 (ga) AcArAMga kI zIlAMka TIkA 1.1.1.3 (gha) zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka, zloka 54 3. mANDUkyakArikA, prathama prakaraNa, zloka 8

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3 & ; upasaMhAra 637 4. ziva purANa, vAyu saMhitA (pUrva bhAga), ziva se kAlasvarUpa zakti kA kathana, zloka 1 sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.3.6 nandIsUtra, malayagiri avacUri, pR. 177 mahAbhArata, zAMti parva, 232.19 buddhacarita, sarga 9, zloka 62 bRhatsaMhitA adhyAya 1, sUtra 2 10. nyAyadarzana, adhyayana 4, ahnika 1, sUtra 22 hai| 11. AcArAMga sUtra 1.1.1.3 kI zIlAMka TIkA 12. dvAdazAranayacakra, bhAga prathama, pR. 222 13. zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 76 14. sanmati tarka 3.53 para abhayadeva TIkA 15. (ka) sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.2.3 kI zIlAMka TIkA meM (kha) praznavyAkaraNa sUtra 1.2.7 kI abhayadeva vRtti meM (ga) zAstravArtA samuccaya, stabaka 2, zloka 62 kI yazovijaya TIkA (gha) sanmati tarka 3.53 kI TIkA (Da) loka tattva nirNaya, pR. 25 para zloka 27 meM zvetAzvetaropaniSad 1.2 17. rAmAyaNa, kiSkindhA kANDa sarga 25.4 18. mahAbhArata, zAMti parva 226.10 19. abhijJAna zAkuntala 1.14 20. abhijJAna zAkuntala 6.9 ke pUrva 21. rAjataraMgiNI 8.22.80 22. suttapiTaka ke dIghanikAya ke prathama bhAga meM 16. zvatAravA

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638 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 23. yogavAsiSTha 3.62.27 24. saMnyAsopaniSad 2.98 25. brahmabindUpaniSad, maMtra 2 26. rAmAyaNa, uttarakANDa, sarga 15, zloka 25 gItA 2.22 28. pUrvajanmakRtaM karmehArjitaM tad dvidhAkRtam- zukranIti 49 29. svapnavAsavadatta, prathama aMka, zloka 4 meghadUta, uttaramegha, zloka 49 31. nItizataka, zloka 95 32. tattvArtha sUtra 10.3 33. zAstravArtA samuccaya 2.66 kI TIkA 34. Rgveda 10.4.90.2 taittirIyopaniSad, brahmavallI, anuvAka 1 30. meghara 35. 36. gItA 7.10 37. sUtrakRtAMga kI zIlAMka TIkA, bhAga tRtIya, pRSTha 89 38. bhagavatI sUtra 1.3.35 kI abhayadeva vRtti

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AdhAra gAthA : jaina grantha prAkRta evaM saMskRta grantha 1. 4. 5. 6. 2. anuyogadvAra sUtra - Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1987 3. 7. kAlo sahAva niyaI puvvakayaM purise kAraNegaMtA / micchattaM te ceva, samAsao honti sammattaM / / 8. sahAyaka granthasUcI -sanmati tarka, kANDa 3, gAthA 53 adhyAtmamata parIkSA- yazovijaya viracita svopajJavRttiyukta, zrI AdIzvara jaina Tempala TrasTa, bAlakezvara, mumbaI-6 aSTa pAhur3a- kundakundAcArya, zrI seThI digambara jaina granthamAlA, zrI mIThAlAla mahendrakumAra seThI, digambara jaina pAramArthika TrasTa, 62 - dhanajI sTrITa, mumbaI AcArAMga sUtra - Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1998 AcArAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMgasUtraM ca ( zrI bhadrabAhusvAmiviracitaniryukti - zrIzIlAMkAcAryaviracitaTIkAsamanvitam) - motIlAla banArasIdAsa, iNDolaoNjika TrasTa, dillI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1978 AtmAnuzAsana- bhadaMta guNabhadrasUriviracita, zrI gaNeza varNI digambara jaina saMsthAna, nariyA, vArANasI, 1983 AptaparIkSA - vidyAnanda viraMcita, svopajJa TIkA sahita, vIra sevA mandira, sarasAvA, jilA- sahAranapura, vi.sa. 2006 AptamImAMsAtattvadIpikA- AcArya samantabhadra, zrI gaNezavarNI digambara jaina saMsthAna, nariyA - vArANasI, vIra saMvat 2501 AlApapaddhati- devasena (mAilladhavalaviracita nayacakra ke pariziSTa meM upalabdha) vivaraNArtha draSTavya nayacakra

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640 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 10. uttarAdhyayana sUtra- Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1991 11. upadezapada ( prathama vibhAga ) - zrI haribhadrasUri viracita, jinazAsana ArAdhanA TrasTa, 7 - trIjo bhoivADo, bhUlezvara, mumbaI, vi.saM. 2046 zrI 12. upAsakadazAMga- Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1989 13. karmagrantha ( bhAga 1 se 6 ) - marudhara kesarI, zrI marudhara kesarI sAhitya prakAzana samiti, pIpaliyA bAjAra, byAvara, 1989 14. karma-prakRti- abhayacandra siddhAntacakravartI kRta, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, dillI, 1968 15. kalpasUtra - zrImad bhadrabAhu praNIta, zrI jaina divAkara divya jyoti kAryAlaya, mahAvIra bAjAra, byAvara, vi.saM. 2050 16. kArtikeyAnuprekSA- svAmI kumAra, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa, vi.saM. 2046 17. gommaTasAra ( karmakANDa ) - zrI nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa, vAyAANaMda, posTa- boriyA (gujarAta), vi.saM. 2041 18. gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ) - zrI nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, dillI, vikrama saMvat 2000 19. jambUdvIpaprajJapti - Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1986 20. jaina tattvAdarza- AtmArAma jI mahArAja, zrI AtmAnanda jaina mahAsabhA, paMjAba 21. jaina yoga granthacatuSTaya- haribhadra sUri, muni zrI hajArImala smRti prakAzana, byAvara 22. jJAnArNava- zubhacandrAcArya, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa, vikrama saMvat 2037 23. tattvArthazlokavArtika- zrImad vidyAnandisvAmI viracita, gA~dhInAthAraMga jaina grantha mAlA, mAMDavI, mumbaI

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26. sahAyaka granthasUcI 641 24. tattvArthazlokavArtikAlaMkAra- vidyAnandasvAmI racita, TIkAkAra zrI paM. mANikacanda kauMdeya, AcArya kuMthusAgara granthamAlA, solApura, 1953 25. dazavakAlika sUtra- bhadrabAhuracita niyukti tathA haribhadrasUri racita bRhadvRtti yukta, jinazAsana ArAdhanA TrasTa, 7, tIjo bhoIvADo, bhulezvara, mumbaI, vikrama saMvat 2046 dvAdazAranayacakra (bhAga-1)- mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa (siMhasUrikRta nyAyAgamAnusAriNI TIkA sahita), AtmAnanda sabhA bhavana, bhAvanagara (gujarAta) 27. dvAdazAranayacakra para zodha prabandha- DaoN. jitendra bhAI zAha, ahamadAbAda, aprkaashit| dvAtriMzat-dvAtrizikA- siddhasena divAkara viracita (prApta ekaviMzati dvAtriMzikA), AcAryapravara zrImad vijayalAvaNyasUri racita kiraNAvalIvivRtti, zrI vijayalAvaNyasUrIzvara jJAna maMdira, boTAda (sorASTra) 29. dharmabindUprakaraNa- haribhadrasUri viracita, zrI municandrasUri viracita vRtti samalaGkRta, jinazAsana ArAdhanA TrasTa, mumbaI, vIra saMvat 2520 30. dharma saMgrahaNi (bhAga 1 va 2)- AcArya haribhadrasUri viracita, malayagiri TIkA sahita, zrI AdinAtha jaina zvetAmbara maMdira TrasTa, cikapeTa, baiMgalora, prathamAvRtti-2052 31. nandIsUtra- zrI devavAcaka viracita, AcArya zrI malayagirikRta TIkA aura avacUri sahita, devacanda-lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra koza ke kAryavAhaka motIcanda gaganabhAI cokasI, 1969 32. nayacakra- mAilladhavala, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, dillI, 1971 nayopadeza- yazovijayagaNi racita, svopazavyutpatti sahita, zrI jina ArAdhanA TrasTa, 7, tIjo bhoIvADo, bhUlezvara, mumbaI, vikrama saMvat 33. 2044

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___642 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa . 34. niyati dvAtriMzikA- siddhasenasUri, muni zrI bhuvanacandrajI ke gujarAtI anuvAda aura vivaraNa sahita, jaina sAhitya akAdamI, gA~dhI dhAma, kaccha, 2002 35. niyuktisaMgraha- bhadrabAhusvAmI, zrI harSapuSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA (lAkhAbAvala), zrutajJAna bhavana-45, digvijaya plaoNTa, jAmanagara, 1989 36. nyAyakumudacandra- prabhAcandra, mANikya digambara jaina granthamAlA, hIrAbAga, po. giragA~va, mumbaI, 1938 evaM 1941 / / 37. nyAyAgamAnusAriNI- dvAdazAranayacakra para siMhasUrikRta TIkA, vivaraNArtha draSTavya dvaadshaarnyckr| 38. paramateja- zrI haribhadrasUrIzvara viracita, zrI 'lalita vistarA' para vivecana (bhAga prathama), divyadarzana TrasTa, dvArA kumAra pANa vi. zAha, 68, gulAlavAr3I, tIje mAle, mumbii| 39. parIkSAmukha- mANikyanandi kRta, syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya, kAzI 40. paMca saMgraha- zrI mizrImala jI mahArAja, AcArya zrI raghunAtha jaina zodha saMsthAna, jodhapura 41. paMcAstikAya- AcArya kundakunda, sAhitya prakAzana evaM pracAra vibhAga, zrI kundakunda kahAna digambara jaina tIrtha surakSA TrasTa, e-4, bApUnagara, jayapura 42. paMcAdhyAyI- paM. rAjamalla viracita, TIkA sahita, zrI gaNeza varNI digambara jaina (zodha) saMsthAna, vArANasI 43. padma purANa- bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 18, iMsTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI ror3a, naI dillii| 44. prajJApanA sUtra- Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 2001 45. pramANanayatattvAloka- vAdidevasUri, zrI tilokaratna sthAnakavAsI, jaina dhArmika parIkSA borDa, pAtharDI (ahamadanagara) tRtIyAvRtti, 2000 46. prameyakamalamArtaNDa- prabhAcandra, zrI digambara jaina triloka zodha saMsthAna, hastinApura, meraTha (uttarapradeza)

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sahAyaka granthasUcI 643 pravacanasAra- kundakundAcArya, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa, vAyA-ANaMda, po. borIyA (gujarAta) vi.saM. 2040 48. prasthAnaratnAkara - zrI vallabha vidyApITha, kolhApura, saMvat 2056 49. praznavyAkaraNa sUtra- Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara 50. praznavyAkaraNa sUtra ( abhayadeva TIkA sahita)- zAha veNIcandra suracandra dvArA zrI Agamodaya samiti, surata, vikrama saMvat 1975 47. 51. praznavyAkaraNa sUtra ( jJAnavimalasUri vRtti sahita ) - zrImad jJAnavimala sUri, zAradA mudraNAlaya, ratanapola, ahamadAbAda 52. bRhad dravya saMgraha- zrI nemicandra, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, AgAsa 53. bhagavatI ArAdhanA ( bhAga 1va 2 ) - AcArya zrI zivArya viracita, seTha lAlacanda hIrAcanda jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, vIra saMvat 2504, I.san 1978 54. bhagavatI sUtra - Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1991 55. bhagavatI sUtra (abhayadeva vRtti sahita ) - zrI jinazAsana ArAdha TrasTa, dukAna naM. 5-6-7, 82 - badrikezvara sosAyaTI, marIna DrAiva, i ror3a, mumbaI, vi.saM. 2049 56. mahApurANa - bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 18 - iMsTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI ror3a, naI dillii| 57. mokSapAhuDa- draSTavya aSTapAhuDa 58. yogabindu - haribhadrasUri viracita ( TIkA sahita), zrI jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, vikrama saMvat 1967 59. yogadRSTi samuccaya- haribhadrasUri viracita, (svopajJavRttiyukta), devacandra lAlabhAI vyavasthA patra, mumbaI- 1912 60. yogazAstra - hemacandrAcArya racita, motIcanda magana bhAI cokasI, dvArA 327, saradAravallabha bhAI ror3a, mumbaI - 4, 1969

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644 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 61. yogasUtra- bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, javAhara nagara, naI dillI 62. rAjavArtika- bhaTTa akalaMkadeva viracita, dulIcanda bAkalIvAla, yUnivarsala ejensIja, deragA~va (AsAma), prathama saMskaraNa, 25 jUna 1987 63. lokatattvanirNaya- haribhadrasUri kRta, zrI jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara 64. lokaprakAza- upAdhyAya zrI vinayavijaya viracita zrI bhairUlAla kanhaiyAlAla koThArI rilIjiyasa TrasTa candanabAlA, bAlakezvara, 68. 65. lokaviMzikA- haribhadrasUri racita, AgamoddhAraka granthamAlA kA eka kAryavAhaka, zAha ramaNalAla jayacaMda kapaDavaMja, jilA- khedd'aa| 66. viMzativiMzikA- zrImad haribhadra sUri viracita (prakAzaka kA ullekha nahIM) 67. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya- jinabhadragaNi, divya darzana TrasTa, mumbaI, vi.saM. 2039 zAstravArtA samuccaya (stabaka 2,3)- haribhadra sUri racita, yazovijaya kRta syAdvAda kalpalatA TIkA sahita, divya darzana TrasTa, mumbaI, vikrama saMvat 2036 69. sanmatitarka TIkA( tattvabodhavidhAyanI)- abhayadevasUrikRta, gujarAta vidyApITha, ahmdaabaad| 70. sanmatiprakaraNa- siddhasena, vyAkhyA-sukhalAla saMghavI, jJAnodaya TrasTa, ahamadAbAda, 1969 71. sabhASyatattvArthAdhigama sUtra- umAsvAti, seTha maNIlAla revAzaMkara jagajIvana jauharI, vyavasthApaka- zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka jaina maNDala, jauharI bAjAra, khArAkuvA, mumbaI naM. 2 72. samayasAra- kundakundAcArya zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama agAsa, vAyA-ANaMda, po. boriyA (gujarAta), vikrama saMvat 2038

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sahAyaka granthasUcI 645 73. samayasArakalaza- vIra sevA maMdira, 21 dariyAgaMja, naI dillI - 2, prathama saMskaraNa, 1981 74. sarvArthasiddhi- AcArya pUjyapAda, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 18 iMsTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI ror3a, naI dillI, nauvAM saMskaraNa, 1999 75. sUtrakRtAMga- Agama prakAzana samiti, pIpaliyA bAjAra, byAvara, 1999 76. sUtrakRtAMga TIkA- zIlAMkAcArya, motIlAla banArasIdAsa iNDolAjika TrasTa, dillI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1978 77. sUtrakRtAMga ( zrImacchIlAMkAcAryakRtaTIkAsahita, ambikAdatta : vyAkhyA- saMvalitA ) - balUndA nivAsI zrI seTha gaMgArAma jI ke suputra seTha chaganalAla jI mUthA, baiMgalora, prathamAvRtti, vikrama saMvat 1995 78. stuti caturviMzatikA- zrI zobhanamunivarya viracita, nyAyAcArya zrI yazovijaya gaNikRta caindra stuti, zAha veNIcandra sUracandra dvArA zrI Agamodaya samiti, surata, prathamAvRtti, 1926 79. sthAnAMga sUtra - Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1981 80. sthAnAMga sUtra ( abhayadeva TIkA sahita)- seTha mANekalAla cunIlAla, polAntargata nAga jI bhUdara jI pola, amadAbAda-mAMDavI, dvitIyAvRtti, vi.saM. 1994 81. syAdvAdamaMjarI - zrI malliSeNasUri praNIta, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama agAsa, paMcamAvRtti, vi.saM. 2048 82. syAdvAdaratnAkara ( dvitIya bhAga ) - zrImad vAdideva sUri, bhAratIya buka kArporezana, 1 yU. bI. javAharanagara, baiMglo ror3a, dillI, 1988 83. svayaMbhUstotra tattvapradIpikA- AcArya samantabhadra, zrI gaNezavarNI digambara jaina (zodha) saMsthAna, vArANasI 84. SaTkhaNDAgama dhavalA TIkA- vIrasena, sampAdaka- hIrAlAla jaina, bhelasA, madhya bhArata, 1955

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646 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 85. SaDdarzanasamuccaya- malladhArI rAjazekhara sUrikRta, zrI bhUpendrasUri jaina sAhitya samiti, Ahora (mAravAr3a) 86. SaDdarzana samuccaya- haribhadrasUri kRta, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI hindI grantha 1. adhyAtma pravacana-pravacanakAra : upAdhyAya amara muni, zrI sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1966 upadeza prAsAda mahAgrantha (bhAga-4) - AcArya zrI vijayalakSmI sUrIzvara viracita, virATa prakAzana maMdira, zrI vizAla jaina kalA saMsthAna, taNeTI ror3a, pAlItANA (gujarAta), 1982 karmavAda- yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, curU (rAja.) 4. karmavAda : eka adhyayana- zrI surezamuni zAstrI, zrI sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA karma siddhAnta- zrI kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura kAraNa-saMvAda- zatAvadhAnI paM. muni zrI ratnacandra jI ma.sA., madanacanda jI hiMgar3a, ajamera, prathamAvRtti, 1996 kramabaddhaparyAya- hukamacanda bhArilla, paM. ToDaramala smAraka, bApU nagara, jayapura gajenda muktAvalI (bhAga-1)- AcArya zrI hastImala jI ma.sA., indaracanda jI jabaracanda jI hIrAvata, jayapura, 1950 gaNadharavAda- AcArya jinabhadragaNi kRta, lekhaka-paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, jayapura 10. jayapura khAniyA tattva carcA- sampAdaka : paM. phUlacanda siddhAnta zAstrI, paM. ToDaramala smAraka, bApU nagara, jayapura jaina karma siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa- DaoN. ravIndranAtha mizra, pUjya sohanalAla smAraka, pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1993 11.

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647 sahAyaka granthasUcI 12. jaina jIvana darzana kI pRSThabhUmi- DaoN. dayAnanda bhArgava, zrI raNavIra kendrIya saMskRta vidyApITha, jambU, 1975 13. jaina tattvAdarza- AtmArAma jI mahArAja, zrI AtmAnanda jaina mahAsabhA, paMjAba 14. jaina tattva - prakAza- zrI amolakaRSi jI ma.sA., zrI amola jaina jJAnAlaya, dhuliyA (mahA.) 15. jaina- tattva-mImAMsA - phUlacanda siddhAnta zAstrI, azoka prakAzana mandira, 2 / 249, nirvANa bhavana, ravIndrapUri, vArANasI " 16. jaina darzana- mahendra kumAra nyAyAcArya zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, 1/128, DumarAva bAga, vArANasI, 1974 17. jaina darzana- muni nyAyavijaya, zrI hemacandrAcArya jaina sabhA, hemacandra mArga, pATaNa (gujarAta), 1968 18. jaina darzana aura anekAnta AcArya mahAprajJa, prabandhaka - Adarza sAhitya saMgha, 210, dInadayAla upAdhyAya mArga, naI dillI 19. jaina darzana kA AdikAla- dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI, bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA mandira, ahamadAbAda 20. jaina darzana kA udbhava aura vikAsa- dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA mandira, ahamadAbAda - 9, aprela 1980 21. jaina darzana meM kAryakAraNa bhAva aura kAraka vyavasthA - baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya, vIra sevA mandira, DumarAva bAga, vArANasI 22. jaina darzana meM davya kI avadhAraNA aura kAraNa kArya saMbaMdhaDaoN. rAjakumAra chAbar3A, zodha prabaMdha, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura (aprakAzita) 23. jaina darzana - manana aura mImAMsA- muni nathamala, kamaleza caturvedI, prabandhaka - Adarza sAhitya saMgha, curU (rAja.) 24. jaina darzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa- devendramuni zAstrI, zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, zAstrI sarkala, udayapura

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648 30. jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 25. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana- DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura, 1982 26. jainAgama nirdezikA- muni kanhaiyAlAla 'kamala', Agama anuyoga prakAzana, dillI 1966 27. jJAna svabhAva-jJeya svabhAva- kAnajI svAmI, sampAdaka-brahmacArI harilAla jaina, digambara jaina svAdhyAya maMdira TrasTa, songddh| tiloka kAvya kalpatarU (bhAga 4)- zrI ratna jaina pustakAlaya, ahamadanagara 29. darzana aura cintana (khaNDa 1 va 2)- paM. sukhalAla ke hindI lekhoM kA saMgraha, paM. sukhalAla jI sanmAna samiti, gujarAta vidyAsabhA, ahamadAbAda, 1957 darzana kA nayA prasthAna- sAdhvI mudita yazA, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, prathama saMskaraNa, 1999 31. naya prajJApana- zrI kAnajI svAmI ke pravacana, paM. ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, e-4, bApU nagara, jayapura, 15 agasta 1996 32. nimittopAdAna- paM. ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, jayapura 33. niyati kI amiTa rekhAe~- saMta amitAbha, AdhyAtmika zodha saMsthAna, saMbodhi vana, mAuMTa AbU (rAja.), tRtIya saMskaraNa 34. nirgrantha pravacana (hindI bhASya sahita )- anuvAdaka- jaina divAkara muni zrI cauthamala jI mahArAja, svarUpacanda tAler3A, zrI divAkara divya jyoti kAryAlaya, byAvara, 1966 35. paramabhAva prakAzaka nayacakra- DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla, paM. ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, jayapura 36. paramArthasAra- abhinavaguptapraNIta, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1984 37. pramukha jainAgamoM meM bhAratIya darzana ke tattva-sAdhvI DaoN. suprabhA kumArI 'sudhA', bherUlAla mAMgIlAla, dharmAvata, bar3a bAjAra, udayapura (rAja.)

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sahAyaka granthasUcI 649 38. bauddha pramANamImAMsA kI jaina dRSTi se samIkSA- DaoN. dharmacanda jaina, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa 1995 bhAgya aura puruSArtha : eka nayA anucintana- baMzIdhara zAstrI vyAkaraNAcArya, vIra sevA mandira TrasTa, plaoNTa naM. 4, bhogAbIra kaoNlonI, laMkA, vArANasI (u.pra.) 1985 40. mokSamArga prakAzaka- paM. ToDaramala, paM. ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, e-4 bApU nagara, jayapura, 1993 41. yogazAstra para dainika pravacana- (pravacanakAra : panyAsa zrI dharaNendrasAgara jI ma.sA.) saMkalanakartA- muni jagatacandra vijaya, 806, caupAsanI ror3a, jodhapura 42. vastuvijJAna sAra- kAnajI svAmI, sampAdaka- brahmacArI harilAla jaina, digambara jaina svAdhyAya maMdira TrasTa, sonagar3ha 43. zAnti patha pradarzana- jinendravarNI, zAMti niketana udAsIna Azrama, IsarI bAjAra, jilA-giriDIha, 1976 44. samartha samAdhAna (bhAga 1)- sampAdaka : ratanalAla DozI, zrI akhila bhAratIya sudharma jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, jodhapura, 1998 siddhasena divAkara vyaktitva evaM kRtitva- DaoN. zrI prakAza pANDeya, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, 1997 46. sRSTivAda aura Izvara- muni zrI ratnacandra jI ma.sA., zrI jaina sAhitya pracAraka samiti, byAvara gujarAtI grantha 1. jinendra bhakti prakAza (caityavaMdana stavana, sajjhAya Adi kA saMgraha)- saMgrAhaka- zrI kaMcanavijaya jI ma.sA., prApti sthAnakailAzasAgara sUri jJAna maMdira, zrI mahAvIra jaina ArAdhanA kendra, kobA, tIsarI AvRtti, 1945 / prArabdha para puruSArtha no vijaya- pravacanakAra : AcArya vijaya bhuvanabhAnu sUrIzvarajI ma.sA., divya darzana TrasTa, mumbaI 45. 2.

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jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 650 jainetara grantha saMskRta grantha 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 7. 8. aparavAda - paM. madhusUdana ojhA viracita, paM. madhusUdana ojhA zodha prakoSTha, saMskRta vibhAga, jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura | abhijJAna zAkuntala- mahAkavi kAlidAsa, mahAlakSmI prakAzana, AgarA IzAdyaSTottarazatopaniSad - vyAsa prakAzana, vArANasI, 1983 upaniSatsu karmavAdaH - DaoN. jAtaveda tripAThI, parimala pablikezansa, 27/28 zaktinagara, dillI - 1999 kAvyaprakAza - (saMketa, bAlacittAnuraMjanI, kAvyAdarza, Adi 16 TIkAoM sahita) prathama khaNDa, nAga prakAzaka, 11 e. / yU.e. javAhara nagara, dillI - 7, prathama saMskaraNa, 1995 tattva saMgraha - zAntarakSita viracita, Edited with An Introduction in Sanskrit By Ambar Krishnanacharya, Sanskrit Pathasala, Vadtal. tarkabhASA - kezavamizra, caukhambA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI dIghanikAya- vipazyanA vizodhana vinyAsa, igatapurI, 1998 devI bhAgavata purANa ( prathama khaNDa ) - saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjA kutuba, vedanagara, barelI 10. nAradIya mahApurANa- nAga pablizarsa, 11 yU. e. javAhara nagara, dillI-7 11. nItizatakam - Adarza prakAzana, caur3A rAstA, jayapura 12. nyAyakusumAMjali - udayanAcArya viracita, sampAdaka evaM vyAkhyAkAra - zrI durgAdhara jhA, vArANaseya saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI - 2, vikrama saMvat 2030

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16. sahAyaka granthasUcI 651 13. nyAyabinduTIkA- AcArya dharmottara viracita, sampAdaka- DaoN. zrI nivAsa zAstrI, sAhitya bhaNDAra, subhASa nagara, meraTha, janavarI 1975 nyAyadarzana (vAtsyAyana bhASya sahita)- sampAdaka aura vyAkhyAkAra : DaoN. saccidAnanda mizra, bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, dillI 15. pAtaMjala yogasUtra- bhojadeva kRta- rAjamArtaNDavRttisametam, saMpAdaka-DaoN. ramAzaMkara bhaTTAcArya, bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, posTa bAksa 108, kacaur3I galI, vaaraannsii| paMcatantra- zrI viSNu zarmA praNIta, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, paMcama saMskaraNa, 1989 17. prazastapAdabhASya- prazastapAdAcArya, sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI 18. buddhacarita (prathama bhAga)- caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, saMskaraNa-paMcama, 1983 19. bRhatsaMhitA- varAhamihira kRta, muMzI navalakizora yantrAlaya, lakhanaU, 1884 20. brahmasUtra (zAMkarabhASya sahita) - caukhambA vidyAbhavana, cauka, posTa bAksa-69, vArANasI 1977 / 21. brahmacatuSpadI- paM. madhusUdana zarmA, pradyumna zarmA dvArA sampAdita, vi.saM. 2009 22. matsya purANa (dvitIya khaNDa)- saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjA kutuba, barelI 23. manusmRti- bAbU baijanAtha prasAda bukaselara, rAjAdaravAjA, banArasa siTI, 1932 24. mahAbhArata- gItApresa gorakhapura 25. mahAbhASya- pataMjali, motIlAla banArasI dAsa, dillI

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652 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 26. mANDUkyakArikA- kailAza Azrama RSikeza, uttarapradeza 27. mArkaNDeya purANa- nAga pablizarsa, 11 yU.e., javAhara nagara, dillI-7 28. mImAMsA darzana- saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjA kutuba, barelI 29. yogavAsiSTha- zrImad vAlmIki maharSi praNIta, nAga pablizarsa, 11 e/yU.e. javAhara nagara, dillI, prathama saMskaraNa 1998 30. rAjataraMgiNI- kalhaNa viracita, dulIcanda bAkalIvAla, yUnivarsala ejensIja, deragA~va (AsAma), prathama saMskaraNa, 25 jUna 1987 31. rAmAyaNa- vAlmIkikRta, gItApresa, gorakhapura 32. vAkyapadIyam- sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI, 1980 33. viSNu purANa- saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjA kutuba, barelI 34. veda (Rgveda bhASA bhASya sampUrNa)- maharSi dayAnanda sarasvatI, dayAnanda saMsthAna, naI dillI-5 35. veda (yajurveda-sAmaveda-atharvaveda)- maharSi dayAnanda sarasvatI, dayAnanda saMsthAna, naI dillI-5 36. vedAnta darzana- saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjA kutuba, barelI vedAnta sAra- sadAnanda, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, baMglo ror3a, javAhara nagara, dillI-7, 1979 38. vaizeSika sUtra- saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjA kutuba, barelI 39. zivapurANa- saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjA kutuba, vedanagara, barelI zukranIti- maharSi zukrAcArya viracita, vyAkhyAkAra : DaoN. jagadIzacandra mizra, caukhambA surabhAratI prakAzana, vArANasI, 1998 41. zvetAzvataropaniSad (zAMkara bhASya sahita)- gItA presa, gorakhapura, vikrama saMvat 2052 37.

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sahAyaka granthasUcI 653 42. zrImad bhAgavata mahApurANa (prathama khaNDa ) - vedavyAsa praNIta, gItApresa gorakhapura 43. zrImad bhAgavata vaMzIdharI TIkA sahita ( prathama khaNDa) - DaoN. brahmAnanda tripAThI, caukhambA saMskRta pratiSThAna, 38 yU. e. baMglo ror3a, javAhara nagara, dillI 44. zrIvAmana purANa- anuvAdaka - zrI gopAlacandra sarvabhAratIya kAzirAjanyAsa, durga rAmanagara, vArANasI, 1968 45. zrI viSNu mahApurANa ( bhAga - prathama ) - vyAkhyAkAraH DaoN. zraddhA zuklA, nAga prakAzaka, 11 - e. yU. e. javAhara nagara, dillI, 1998 46. sampUrNa cANakya sUtra- anuvAdaka : vizvamitra zarmA, manoja pablikezansa, 761, mena ror3a, burAr3I, dillI, 1999 47. sarvadarzana saMgraha- caukhambA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI 48. sAMkhyakArikA ( mATharavRtti saMvalitA tathA prabodhinI )- hindI vyAkhyopetA, vyAkhyAkAra : paM. thAnezacandra upretI, caukhambA saMskRta pratiSThAna, vArANasI 49. sAMkhyakArikA- DaoN. ramAzaMkara tripAThI racita tattvaprabhA TIkA tathA ajJAtakartRkA yuktidIpikA TIkA sahita, bAlakRSNa tripAThI, bI 2/ 242, bhadainI, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1970 50. sAMkhya tattva kaumudI - vAcaspati mizra kRta, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI 51. svapnavAsavadatta- mahAkavi bhAsa praNIta, sAhitya bhaNDAra, subhASa bAjAra, meraTha 52. harivaMza purANa ( dvitIya khaNDa ) - saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjA kutuba, barelI 53. hitopadeza - zrImat nArAyaNapaNDitasaMgRhIta, caukhambA saMskRta sIrija oNphisa, vArANasI, 1988

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654 janadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa hindI grantha 1. karma kI hindU avadhAraNA- DaoN. ravIndranAtha mizra, kalA prakAzana, bI 33/33-e, nyU sAketa kaoNlonI, bI.eca.yU., vArANasI-5, 1996 nAradIya jyotiSa- lekhaka: DaoN. bindA prasAda mizra, vidyAnidhi prakAzana, dillI 1998 puruSArtha catuSTaya : dArzanika anuzIlana- DaoN. sudhA bhaTanAgara, vidyAnidhi prakAzana, DI-1061, galI naM. 10 (samIpa zrI mahAgaurI mandira) khajUrI khAsa, dillI 1999 4. bauddha darzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana- bharata siMha upAdhyAya, prathama vibhAga, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, baMglo ror3a, javAhara nagara, dillI, 1996 bhAratIya IzvaravAda- zrI pANDeya rAmAvatAra zarmA, paM. rAmapukAra mizra, hindustAnI presa, baoNkIpura (mudraka) bhAratIya darzana- umeza mizra, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, rAjarSi puruSottama dAsa TaNDana hindI bhavana, mahAtmA gA~dhI mArga, lakhanaU, 1990 bhAratIya darzana- DaoN. nandakizora devarAja, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, 1999 bhAratIya darzanazAstra kA itihAsa- jayadeva alaMkAra, nyU bhAratIya buka kaoNrporezana, dillI, prathama saMskaraNa, 2002 yogavAsiSTha aura usake siddhAnta- DaoN. bhIkhanalAla Atreya, zrIkRSNa- janmasthAna sevA saMsthAna, mathurA, dvitIya saMskaraNa, 1989 koza, abhinandana grantha evaM patra-patrikAeM koza abhidhAna rAjendra koza (bhAga 1 se 7)- rAjendrasUri, zrI abhidhAna rAjendra koSa prakAzana saMsthA, zrI rAjendrasUri jJAna mandira, ratanapola, ahmdaabaad| 1.

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3 sahAyaka granthasUcI 655 2. amarakoza saMgraha- kendriya saMskRta vidyApITha, tirupati (u.pra.) 1981 3. Agama zabda koza- AcArya tulasI, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM, 1 jUna 1980 upaniSad-vAkya-koza- Colonel-G.A. Jacob, Published by- Pallav Prakashan, Maliwara, Delhi-1989 upaniSad-vAkya-mahAkoSa: - caukhambA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI, 1990 jaina lakSaNAvalI (jaina pAribhASika zabdakoza)- vIra sevA mandira prakAzana, 1973 7. jainendra siddhAnta koza- jinendravarNI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI 8. nyAyakoza- mahAmahopAdhyAya- bhImAcAryeNa viracita, bhANDArakara oNriyaNTala risarca insTITyUTa, pUnA 1928 bRhad vizvasUkti koza- saMpAdaka- DaoN. zyAmasundara zarmA, prabhAta prakAzana, cAvar3I bAjAra, dillI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1985 10. mahAsubhASita saMgraha (bhAga 5)- sampAdaka : ke.vI. zarmA, vizvezvarAnanda vedika risarca senTara, hoziyArapura, 1981 11. vizva saMskRta sUkti koza- muni lalitaprabha sAgara, garga eNDa kampanI, jAlorI geTa, jodhapura, 1990 abhinandana grantha 1. AcArya amRtacandra vyaktitva evaM kRtitva- sampAdaka : DaoN. uttamacanda jaina paM. ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, e-4, bApUnagara, jayapura 2. jIta abhinandana grantha- zrI jayadhvaja prakAzana samiti-madrAsa, zAkhA byAvara (rAja.) jaina divAkara smRti-grantha- sampAdaka : zrIcanda surANA 'sarasa' zrI jaina divAkara divya jyoti kAryAlaya, mahAvIra bAjAra, byAvara

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656 jainadarzana meM kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA : eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa 4. marudhara kezarI : abhinandana grantha- marudhara kesarI abhinandana grantha prakAzana samiti, jodhapura-byAvara, prathama saMskaraNa, 1968 muni hajArImala smRti grantha- muni zrI hajArImala smRti grantha prakAzana samiti, byAvara, prathama saMskaraNa, 1965 zAzvata (AcArya dayAnanda bhArgava abhinandana grantha)sampAdaka : DaoN. narendra avasthI, vaidika adhyayana kendra, jodhapura, 1997 sAgaramala jaina abhinandana grantha- pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, 1998 8. siddhAntAcArya paM. phUlacanda zAstrI abhinandana grantha- sampAdaka: bAbUlAla jaina phAgulla, siddhAntAcArya paM. phUlacandra zAstrI abhinandana grantha prakAzana samiti, vArANasI, 1985 patra-patrikAe~ 1. jinavANI (karma siddhAnta vizeSAMka) -samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, jayapura 2. zramaNa- pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, karauMdI, vArANasI zramaNa saMskRti- zrI akhila bhAratavarSIya sAdhumArgI zAMtakrAMti jaina zrAvaka saMgha, Adarza nagara, udypur|

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Our Important Publications 1. Studies in Jaina Philosophy Dr. Nathamal Tatia 2. Jains Today in the World Pierre Paul AMIEL 3. Jaina Epistemology Dr.I.C.Shastri Jaina Religion: Its Historical Journey of Evolution Prof. Sagarmal Jain, Trans. Kamla Jain 5. Jaina Theory of Reality Dr. J.C. Sikdar 6. Jaina Perspective in Philosophy &Religion Dr. Ramji Singh 7. Aspects of Jainology (Complete Set: Vols. 1 to 7) 8. An Introduction to Jaina Sadhana Prof. Sagarmal Jain 9. Pearls of Jaina Wisdom Dulichand Jain 10. Scientific contents in Prakrit Canons | Dr.N.L.Jain 11. Advanced Glossaryof Jain Terms | Dr.N.L.Jain 12. The Path of Arhat T.U.Mehta 13. Multi-Dimensional Application of Anekantavada | Ed. Prof. S.M. Jain & Dr. S.P. Pandey 14. The World of Non-living Dr.N.L.Jain 15. jaina dharma aura tAntrika sAdhanA pro.sAgaramala jaina 16. sAgara jaina-vidyA bhAratI (pA~ca khaNDa) pro. sAgaramala jaina 17. guNasthAna siddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa pro.sAgaramala jaina 18. ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA DaoN.sAgaramala jaina 19. aSTakaprakaraNa DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha 20. dazAzrataskandhaniyukti : eka adhyayana DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha 21. jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana DaoN.zivaprasAda 22. acalagaccha kA itihAsa DaoN.zivaprasAda 23. tapAgaccha kA itihAsa DaoN.zivaprasAda 24. siddhasena divAkara : vyaktitva evaM kRtitv| DaoN. zrI prakAza pANDeya 25. jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana DaoN.sudhA jaina 26. jaina evaM bauddha zikSA-darzana eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana DaoN. vijaya kumAra 27. jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa (sampUrNa seTa sAta khaNDa) 28. hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa (sampUrNa seTa cAra khaNDa) 29. jaina pratimA vijJAna DaoN.mAruti nandana tivArI 30. mahAvIra aura unake dazadharma zrI bhAgacandra jaina 31. bajjAlaggAM (hindI anuvAda sahita) paM.vizvanAtha pAThaka 32. jIvana kA utkarSa gurudeva citrabhAnu 33. bhAratIya jIvana mUlya pro. surendra varmA 34. nalavilAsanATakam sampA. DaoN. surezacandra pANDe 35. samAdhimaraNa DaoN. rajjana kumAra 36. paJcAzaka-prakaraNam (hindI anuvAda sahita) anu. DaoN dInAnAtha zarmA 37. jaina dharma meM ahiMsA DaoN. vaziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA 38. bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina dRSTi se samIkSA DaoN. dharmacandra jaina 39. mahAvIra kI nirvANabhUmi pAvA : eka vimarza bhagavatIprasAda khetAna 40. sthAnakavAsI jaina paramparA kA itihAsa / pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. vijaya kumAra Parstgranatha Vidyapitha, Varanasi-221005 INDIA 200.00 500.00 150.00 100.00 300.00 300.00 2500.00 40.00 120.00 400.00 300.00 200.00 500.00 400.00 350.00 500.00 60.00 100.00 120.00 125.00 300.00 250.00 500.00 100.00 300.00 200.00 1400.00 760.00 300.00 80.00 160.00. 200.00 75.00 60.00 260.00 250.00 300.00 350.00 150.00 500.00