Hindi Jain Bhakti Kavya aur Kavi

Author(s): Premsagar Jain, Kaka Kalelkar
Publisher: Bharatiya Gyanpith
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010193/1

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hindI jaina-bhakti kAlya aura kavi DaoN0 premasAgara jaina prAkkathana AcArya kAkA kAlelakara bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana

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jJAnapITha lokodaya-granthamAlA : granthAMka-189 sampAdaka evaM niyAmaka : lakSmIcandra jaina HINDI JAIN BHAKTI-KAVYA AUR KAVI ( Thesis) Dr. PREMSAGAR JAIN Bharatiya Jnanpith Publication First Edition 1964 Price Rs. 12.00 (C) prakAzaka bhAratIya jJAnapITha pradhAna kAryAlaya 16 alIpura pArka plesa, kalakattA-27 / prakAzana kAryAlaya durgAkuNDa roDa, vArANasI-5 vikraya kendra 3620 / 21 netAjI subhASa mArga, dillI-63 prathama saMskaraNa 1964 mUlya bAraha rupaye * saMzadhita - - sanmati mudraNAlaya, vArANasI-5 .

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prAkkathana hamAre dezameM vaiSNava, zaiva, zAkta, bauddha, jaina, liMgAyata, sikha Adi dharmake aneka pantha prasiddha hai| mere mana ye kevala dharma pantha nahIM hai, ye to adhyAtmapravaNa saMskRtikI alaga-alaga dhArAe~ bhI hai| inake dArzanika vicAra aura vicArabhedakA adhyayana karake hameM santoSa nahIM mAnanA caahie| mAnavI jIvanako vizuddha, samRddha aura kRtArtha karaneke ina vividha aura jIvanavyApI prayatnoMkA adhyayana hameM saMskRtiko dRSTi se bhI karanA caahie| taba jAkara ina mahAn panthoMko mAnava-sevAkA hame yathArtha khayAla aayegaa| aise adhyayanake lie kevala dArzanika granthoMkA paricaya aura ina panthoMke saMsthApakoMkI aura unake pracArakokI jIvaniyAM to mahattvakI hai hii| ina panthoMkA aura inakI zAkhA-prazAkhAoMkA itihAsa bhI hame dekhanA hogaa| aura isase bhI adhika mahattvako bAta ina panthoke kaviyone apanI kavitAke dvArA jIvanakI jo upAsanA ko hai aura hRdayako jo samRddhi hAsila kI hai aura karavAyI hai usakA bhI gaharA aura hArdika adhyayana honA caahie| ____ ina panthoMke bAreme aura eka mahattvakI bAta hai / inake sAdhuoMne, pracArakoMne aura kaviyoMne apane-apane panthakA jIvana jIte jo naye-naye kSetra DhU~r3he aura unake dvArA jIvanakA jo vipula sAkSAtkAra kiyA, usakA mahattva mUla preraNAse kama nahIM hai / jisa taraha bhASyakAra aura TIkAkAra mUla granthake rahasyakA udghATana karate apane naye-naye maulika vicAra aura anubhava bhI usame jor3a dete hai, usI taraha hareka panthakA vivecaka, pracAraka aura kavi apane-apane panthakI jIvana dRSTimeM apanI orase maulika vRddhi bhI karatA hai / yaha huA hareka vyakti kI jIvana-sAdhanA-dvArA honevAlI sAMskRtika sevA aura samRddhi / ___ isake alAvA jaba aise panthoMkA pracAra bhinna-bhinna koTike aura bhinna-bhinna yogyatAke naye-naye samAjame hotA hai, taba mUla dhArmika preraNAko mAno naye-naye avatAra dhAraNa karane par3ate hai| vaiSNavoMne athavA zAktoMne jaba AdivAsiyoMmeM dharmapracAra calAyA, taba una logoke jIvana-starakA vicAra karake aura unakI jIvana-dRSTike sAtha samajhautA karake ina panthoMkI samanvaya-dRSTiko unheM svIkAra karanA pdd'aa| hInayAna bauddha sampradAyake abhimAnI loga bhale hI kahe ki hamArA

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hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi buddhadharma hI zuddha hai, aura deza-videzame phUlA phalA mahAyAna pantha taraha-tarahakI milAvaTake kAraNa azuddha hai; mai to kahUMgA ki mahAyAna sampradAya asalI bauddhadharmakA hI mAnavatAke anukUla vizAla samRddha svarUpa hai| gaMgA nadIke udgamakA mAhAtmya svIkArate hue hama kabhI nahI kaheMge ki gaMgotrIke bAdakI, haradvArake bAdakI, yA prayAgake bAdakI gaMgA gaMgA hI nhiiN| gaMgAkA saccA mAhAtmya yahI hai ki gaMgotrIse lekara gaMgAsAgara taka usake sudIrgha pravAhame jitane bhI jIvanapravAha A mile, una sabako usane apanAyA aura unheM apane nAmarUpa taka saba pradAna kiyaa| hama thoDe hI kahate haiM ki hamArA bacapanakA jIvana hI hamArA zuddha jIvana thA aura bAdakA jIvana azuddha jIvana hai / vaidika dharma baDhate-bar3hate usakA sanAtana dharma huA / Age jAkara vahI hindU dharma huaa| aba vaha dhIre-dhIre bhAratIya dharma hone jA rahA hai aura jabataka vaha vizvadharma nahIM huA hai, usame alam buddhi AnevAlI nahIM hai| isa bhAratIya dharmameM se aneka pantha nikle| zAkhAke rUpameM unakA jIvana-pravAha alaga bahane lagA aura unameM se aneka phirase mUla srotameM bA mile| yahI bAta saba dharmokI hai / aura aba to kamase kama bhAratameM, saba dharma ekatra Aye haiM aura AdAna-pradAna-dvArA inakA samanvaya honevAlA hI hai| bhAratameM base hue saba dharmoka aura panthoMke bIca AdAna-pradAna calatA hI AyA hai / isIlie to hamArA sAMskRtika jIvana itanA sahiSNu aura samRddha huA hai| ___ mere mana ina saba panthoMmeM sabase adhika zakti hai bhktikii| bhaktikI dIkSA saba panthoMko lenI par3I hai| aisA eka bhI dharma yA pantha nahIM hai jo bhaktise mukta rahA hai| 'jJAnAdeva tu kaivalyam' kahanevAle advaitavAdI jJAnamArgI saMnyAsI zaMkarAcAryako bhI kahanA par3A, 'mokSakAraNasAmagrayAM bhaktireva griiysii|' phira to unheM bhaktikI apanI vyAkhyA bhI karanI par3I, 'svasvarUpAnusaMdhAnaM bhaktirityabhidhIyate / ' jJAnamArgI jainiyoMko bhI bhaktikI dizA meM apanA jIvana pantha bahAnA hI pdd'aa| sacamuca bhakti hI jIvana hai / nadIkA sAparake tarafa bahanA, jIvakA zivako ora akhaNDa calanevAlA AkarSaNa, 'somA'kA paripuSTa hokara 'bhUmA meM samA jAnA, yahI to bhakti hai / jo bahatA nahIM aura bar3hatA nahIM vaha jI nahIM sktaa| aura bhakti to akhaMNDa bar3hanevAlI rasamaya pravRtti hai / bahanevAlI nadiyA~ jisa samudra meM jAkara milatI hai, usa samudrako na bar3hanA hai, na ghaTanA hai, to bhI usameM jvArabhATAkI

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prAkathana lIlA calatI hai / aura kisI bhI nadIke pravAhakI apekSA svayaM samudrake anta:pravAha adhika vegavAn aura samartha hote haiM / sAhityakI ora dekhate kahanA par3atA hai ki jIvanakA cainanya sAhitya meM bhI sabase adhika sAmarthya se vyakta hotA hai usakI kavitAmeM / kyoMki saca dekhA jAye to 'hRdayakI siddhi' hI kAvya hai / itanA spaSTa honeke bAda alaga kahanekI jarUrata hI nahIM hai ki bhakti-kAvyameM hI usa usa patthakI jIvanasiddhikA uttama paricaya pAyA jAtA hai| usame bhI hRdayadharmakI niSThA jise pUrNarUpase milI hai, usa nArI jAtike bhakti kAvyakA to pUchanA hI kyA / jIvanase sambandha rakhanevAlI anya bAtoMse striyoMkA paricaya bhale hI kama ho, sAhityako cAturI bhI bhale unameM kama ho, jJAnacacameM unakI tanika bhI dilacaspI na ho, kintu hRdayoke bhAvoMke sAtha ekaniSTha rahanA, una bhAvoMke caraNoMme apane jIvanakA pUrNatayA arpaNa karanA unake lie svAbhAvika hai / ArAdhya devakI upAsanA karate apaneko bhUla jAnA aura sarvArpaNameM hI santoSa mAnanA, yaha hai strIprakRti / jaina jIvanadRSTine jinendra Adi cAhe so nAma pasanda kiyA ho, apanI jIvananiSThA Atmatattvako hI arpaNa ko hai / aura saba sAdhaka jAnate hai ki upAsanAkA rUpa kucha bhI ho, AtmArpaNa to Atmadevako hI ho sakatA hai / bhagavAnke nAma ananta haiM lekina saccA nAma to antaratama yAnI AtmArAma hI hai| isa AtmadevakI bhakti sarvabhAvena karate jisako jo rAstA milA, usane apanAyA hai / 1 zrI premasAgarajIne jaina bhakti kAvyake sAgarame aneka bAjUse DubakiyA~ lagAyI haiM aura jo moto unhe mile, hamAre sAmane rakhe hai / apanI pahalI kitAba jaina bhakti kAvya kI pRSThabhUmime pAThakake lie aura rasikoke lie unhoMne pUrva taiyArI kI hai / aba isa granthame unhoMne bhAvakI dRSTise aura kalAko dRSTise anekAneka jaina kaviyoMkA aura kavayitriyoMkA paricaya karavAyA hai| maiM to mAnatA hU~ ki kAvya aura bhakti, ye donoM kSetra hI aise sArvabhauma haiM athavA sAgaropama hai ki iname panthabhedoMkA lopa hI ho jAtA hai / gopiyoMkI madhurA bhakti rAma upAsanA bhI pahu~ca gayI aura vItarAgIkI bhakti meM bhI usane apanI pradhAnatA sAbita kI hai / dharmake panthoMmeM aura jIvanakI saMskRtiyoMmeM cAhe jitane bheda hoM, jIvana to eka akhaNDa, sampUrNa aura bhUmA hotA hai / saba darzanoMko namra hokara jIvanase hI dIkSA lenI par3atI hai aura jIvanakI upAsanA karanI par3atI hai| jisa taraha sAgarameM saba tIrtha samAye jAte haiM, usI taraha saba devatA jIvana devatAkI

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hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi et free- free vibhUtiyA~ sAbita hotI hai / kavitAne aura bhaktine apanI niSThA jIvanadevatAko ho arpaNa kI hai / isImeM unakI kRtArthatA hai / zrI premasAgarajIne gahare saMzodhanake bAda pUrI vidvattA ke sAtha yaha grantha likhA hai / usake lie ve sabake dhanyavAdake adhikArI hai / hama AzA karate hai ki aba ve isa sAre mahAprayAsa ke phalasvarUpa jaina bhakti-kAvyakA svAdiSTa aura pauSTika makkhana nikAlakara AjakI bhASAme bheMTake svarUpa deMge / sannidhi rAjaghATa 23 janavarI, 1664 - kAkA kAlelakara

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bhUmikA yaha mere zodha-prabandhakA dUsarA khaNDa hai| pahalA khaNDa 'jaina bhakti-kAvyakI pRSThabhUmi' ke nAmase prakAzita huA hai| usame pAMca adhyAya hai : jaina bhaktikA svarUpa, jaina bhaktike aMga, jaina bhaktike bheda, ArAdhya deviyA~ aura upAsyadeva / inake AdhArapara jaina bhaktiko prAcInatama mAnyatA sthApita kI gayI hai| vahI paramparAke rUpameM madhyakAlIna hindIke jaina bhakta kaviyoMko prApta huI / jaina hI nahI, anya bhaktikAvya bho usake prabhAvase achUtA na baca skaa| santa-kAvyapara usakI spaSTa chApa hai| __vaise to kabIradAsako bhUkha sarvagrAsI mAnI jAtI hai, kintu nAthasampradAyase unakA vizeSa sambandha thaa| DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedIke anusAra, usa samaya pracalita bAraha sampradAya, nAthasampradAyame antarmukta hue the| usame 'pArasa' aura 'nemi' sampradAya bhI the / nemi sampradAya jainoMke bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAthake nAmapara pracalita thaa| vaha samUce dakSiNa bhAratameM phailA thaa| usake dhvaMsAvazeSa abataka milate haiN| 'pArasa sampradAya' teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAthase sambaddha thaa| usakA samUce uttarI bhAratameM prasAra thaa| isa prakAra kabIra jAne yA anajAne eka aisI laharakA sparza pA sake the, jo anekAntAtmaka thii| unakI 'nirguNa' me 'guNa' aura 'guNa' meM 'nirguNa'vAlI bAta aisI hI thii| nirguNakA artha hai guNAtIta aura guNakA artha hai prakRtikA vikAra-sattva, raja aura tama / saMsAra isa vikArase saMyukta hai aura brahma usase rahita / kintu kabIradAsane vikAra-saMyukta saMsArake ghaTa-ghaTameM nirguNa brahmakA vAsa dikhAkara siddha kiyA hai ki 'guNa' 'nirguNa' kA aura 'nirguNa' 'guNa' kA virodhI nahI hai| unhoMne 'niraguname guna aura guname niraguna' ko hI satya mAnA, avaziSTa sabako dhokhA khaa| ___ kabIrase bahuta pahale, vikramako sAtavI zatImeM, isI nirguNako 'niSkala saMjJAse abhihita kiyA gayA thaa| phira sabhI apabhraMza kAvyoMke racayitA kavi use "niSkala' hI kahate rhe| muni rAmasiMhane use eka sthAnapara 'nirguNa' bhI kahA hai / usakA artha kiyA hai : nilakSaNa aura niHsaMga / vaha niSkalase milatA-julatA hai / jisa prakAra kabIrakA nirguNa brahma bhItarase bAhara aura bAharase bhItara taka phailA hai / vaha abhAvarUpa bhI hai aura bhAvarUpa bhI, nirAkAra bhI hai aura sAkAra bhI / dvaita bhI hai aura advaita bhii| ThIka isI prakArako bAta apabhraMzake jaina kavi

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi niSkala brahmake viSayame likha cuke the| yogIndrane zarIrake sAnnidhyakI apekSA brahmako sAkAra kahA, use hI 'paMcavighazarIrarahitaH' likhakara nirAkAra bhI mAnA / unakA brahma dehameM basate hue bhI dehase asparya hai, jasu abmaMtari jagu basai, jaga abmaMtari jo ji|' muni rAmasiMhane bhI dohApAhuDame likhA hai, 'tihuyaNi dIsaha deu jiNa, jiNavari tihuvaNu eu|' jaba ve brahmAko saMsArameM basA batAte hai, to dvaitakI bAta kahate hai aura jaba saMsArako brahmame batAte hai; to advaitakI carcA karate hai| ve dvaitako mAnate hai aura advaitako bhI / unakA yaha 'dvaitAdvaita' kabIrakI mastIme spaSTa jhalakatA hai| kabIra na dvaitake ghereme baMdhanevAle the aura na advaitke| yaha anekAntAtmaka pravRtti madhyakAlIna jaina hindI-kAvyame adhikase adhika dekhI jAtI hai / vahAM eka hI brahmake bhAvAbhAva, virodhAvirodha, guptAgupta, bhinnAbhinna, ekAneka, vyAptAvyApta, mUrttAmUrta Adi aneka rUpa dRSTigocara hote haiM / unakA vivecana dArzanika na hokara anubhUtiparaka hai| unameM cinmayatA hai aura hRdayako vibhora banA denevAlI zakti bhii| brahmake sAkAra aura nirAkAra rUpako lekara. eka bAra garu-ziSyameM rocaka vArtAlApa huaa| ziSyane pachA. "nirAkAra jo brahma kahAvai, so sAkAra nAma kyoM pAve / 'jJeyAkAra jJAna jaba tAI, pUrana brahma nAhiM tava taaii|' prazna mahattvapUrNa hai| jo brahma nirAkAra hai, vaha sAkAra kaise kahalA sakatA hai| aura jJAna jabataka 'jJeyAkAra hai, pUrNa brahma nahI ho pAtA / AcAryane uttara dete hue kahA, 'jaise candrakiraNa prakaTa hokara bhUmiko zveta banA detI hai, kintu kabhI bhUmi-sI nahIM hotI, jyoti-sI hI rahatI hai / ThIka vaise hI jJAnazakti heyopAdeya donoM prakArake padArthoMko prakAzita karatI hai aura 'jJeyAkAra-sI dikhAI detI hai| kintu kabhI-bhI jJeyako grahaNa nahIM krtii| jJeyAkAra-sI dikhAI detI hai, ataH jeyapadArthakI dRSTise vaha sAkAra kahalAtI hai, zuddharUpase nirAkAra hai hii|' AtmasvarUpake nirUpaNakI yaha paddhati 'adhyAtma bAraha khar3I meM nikhara uThI hai, "nirAkRto ca sAkRto vizeSa bhAva deva jo| ramApatI jinAdhipo zivAdhipo ameva jo|| sAkAro nAkAra tU nAkAro sAkAra / doya rUpa rAje prabhU eka rUpa avikAra // dvai upayoga ju tU dherai sAkAro niradhAra / sahI nirAdhAro tuhI puriSAkAra vithAra / "

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bhUmikA madhyakAlIna jaina kaviyoMne brahmake 'ekAneka'vAle rUpake gIta gaaye| sabase adhika banArasIdAsane likhA hai ki nadIkA pravAha to eka ho hai; kintu nIrakI Dharani aneka bhA~tikI hotI hai| vaise hI AtmAkA svarUpa eka hI hai, kintu pudgalake sambhogase vaha vibhinna rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai| eka hI agni tRNa, kATha, bA~sa, Arane aura anya iMdhana DAlanese nAnA AkRti dhAraNa karatI hai, vaise hI yaha jIva nava tattvame bahubheSI dikhAI detA hai| unhone likhA, "dekhu sakhI yaha brahma virAjita, yAko dasA saba yAhI ko sohai| eka meM aneka anekau eka, duMdu liye duvidhA maha do haiN| Apu saMmAra lakhai apanau pada, Apu visAri kai Apuhi mo hai| vyApaka rUpa yahai ghaTa antara, gyAna meM kona ajJAna meM ko hai|" mahAtmA Anandadhanane kuNDala aura kanakakA prasiddha dRSTAnta dete hue likhA ki kuNDala Adi paryAyome anekarUpatA hote hue bhI svarNakI dRSTi se ekatA hai / iso prakAra jala aura taraMga, mATI aura usake baratana, ravikiraNa aura usase bhAsita aneka vastu brahmake 'ekAneka' svabhAvako prakaTa karatI hai / santakAnyakI aneka pravRttiyAM jo apabhraMza aura isase bhI pUrvavartI prAkRta granthoM meM dikhAI detI haiM, una sabake sAMgopAMga vivecanakA yahA~ avasara nahIM hai / itanA spaSTa ho cukA ki 'niguNa-kAvya'ke mUla srotoMmeM eka jainadhArA bhI thii|mdhykaaliin hindI jaina-kAvyako vaha virAsatake rUpameM milA thaa| isa yugake aneka jaina kavi aise hue jo khyAtiprApta the aura sAmarthyavAna bhii| maiMne unakA yathAsthAna ullekha kiyA hai| unakI nirguNa santoMse tulanA antima adhyAyame kI gayI hai| jahAMtaka hindIko saguNa kAvyadhArAkA sambandha hai vaha madhyakAlIna jaina hindI kaviyoke tIrthaMkarabhaktike rUpameM prApta huii| isa bhaktikA vizada vivecana 'jaina bhakti-kAvyakI pRSThibhUmi ke dUsare adhyAyameM ho cukA hai| tIrthakarakA janma hotA hai, pAlana-poSaNa, zikSA-dIkSA, rAjya-saMcAlana Adi kArya paramparAnumoditarUpameM hI calate haiM / vaha svayaM tapa aura dhyAnake dvArA dharmakA pravartana karatA hai| usakI AtmA vizuddhatama ho jAtI hai| Ayukarmake kSINa honepara unakA sambandha antima zarIrase bhI chUTa jAtA hai| vaha siddha ho jAtA hai, jisake na varSa hotA hai, na gandha, na rasa, na zabda, na sparza, na janma aura na maraNa / yahI hai nirvANa aura niHsNg| tIrthaMkarako saguNa aura siddhako nirguNa brahma kahA jA sakatA hai| eka hI jIva torthakaMra aura siddha donoM ho ho sakatA hai / ataH unakA nitAnta vibhAjana sambhava nahIM hai /

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hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi " prAkRta, saMskRta aura apabhraMzame zatazaH jaina stuti stotroMkI racanA huI / vikramakI prathama zatAbdIse yaha pravAha satata calatA rahA / ina stotroMkI koI upamA nhiiN| unameM yadi eka aura bhakti rasake nirjhara hai, to dUsarI ora kAvyasauSThavakI mandAkinI / bhakta hRdayokI ve pukAreM jaise Aja bhI jIvita hoM / muktaka kAvyoMkA yaha rUpa madhyakAlIna hindIke jaina kaviyoMne padoMke rUpameM pratiSThita kiyA | hindIkA jaina pada kAvya eka pRthak khojakA viSaya hai / aneka kaviyoM ne padoMkI racanA kI / nayI-nayI rAga-rAginiyoke parivezame race gaye una padoMkI anUThI chaTA hai / uname bhI 'bhUdhararAsa' - jaisA prasAda guNa kahI upalabdha nahI hotA / sUradAsake sAtha unake pada- kAvyakI tulanA maine kI hai / acchA ho yadi koI anusandhitsu ise apanI zodhakA viSaya banAye / hindIke jaina prabandha kAvyoke bhaktiparaka pahalukA maine vivecana kiyA hai / uname rAma aura kRSNa kathAe~ bhI nibaddha hai / isame rAmakAvyake pIche usakI apanI eka zAnadAra paramparA thii| vimalasUri (vikramakI pahalI zatI) kA 'paumacariya' ( prAkRta) eka sazakta racanA mAnI jAtI hai / vimalasUrikI sabase bar3I dena hai rAmAyaNake pAtroMkA mAnavIkaraNa / vAlmIkine to unhe divyarUpa dekara isa sRSTise dUra, bahuta dUra kara diyA thaa| rAkSasa aura vAnara bhaya aura Azcaryake pratIka banA diye gaye the / vimalasUrine unheM dUsarA rUpa diyA, jisapara isa duniyAke loga vizvAsa kara skeN| dUsarI kRti hai raviSeNa (678 I0 ) kA padmacaritra / yaha atyadhika lokapriya banA / Aja bhI jainoke ghara-gharameM paDhA jAtA hai| ravi ne spaSTa hI vimalasUrikA RNa svIkAra kiyA hai| tIsarI racanA 'paumacariu ' hai / isake racayitA the mahAkavi svayambhU / ve IsAkI AThavI zatAbdI meM hue hai / yaha kRti bhAvonmeSa aura kAvya-sauSThavakI dRSTise uttama hai / sthAna-sthAnapara prAkRta dRzya bikhare hue hai| sItAkA zIla-sanA saundarya apratima hai / vaisA rUpa sivA tulasIdAsake anyatra upalabdha nahIM hotA / cauthI kRti saMghadAsagaNIkA 'vasudevahiNDI' (609 I0 ) hai / isame sItAko mandodarIkI putrI mAnA gayA hai / Age calakara guNabhadra ne apane uttarapurANa (9vIM zatI IsavI) meM isa mAnyatAko puSTa kiyA / guNabhadra eka sAmarthyavAn kavi the / chaTho racanA hai puSpadantakA mahApurANa | unhoMne guNabhadrakA anukaraNa kiyA, kintu unakA kAvya-sauSThava guNase Age hai / 'eka mAne hue kavi the / madhyakAlIna hindImeM, raviSeNake padmapurANake anuvAda bahuta race gaye / ve kevala anuvAda the / uname na maulikatA hai aura na kAvya-saundarya / kevala rAma

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bhUmikA candrakA 'sItAcaritra' eka aisI kRti hai, jo bhAva aura bhASA donoM hI dRSTiyoMse utkRSTa kahI jA sakatI hai| usapara svayambhUkA prabhAva hai| isakI racanA 17vIM zatome huI thii| paM0 bhagavatIdAsane 'bRhatsItAsatu' (vi0 saM0 1687 ) kI racanA kii| paM0 bhagavatIdAsa janmajAta kavi the| unake kAvyameM svAbhAvikatA hai| sItAke hRdayake spandanoMkA sahI citra 'bRhatsItAsatu'meM ukerA gayA hai| brahma jayasAgarakA 'sItAharaNa' (vi0 saM0 1732) eka mahattvapUrNa racanA hai| vaha eka khaNDa-kAvya hai| usake paDhanese mana vimugdha ho uThatA hai| ye tInoM kAvya sItAko kendra mAnakara cle| iname nArI hRdayakI vividha pravRttiyoMkA aMkana hai| inake atirikta bhaTTAraka mahIcandrakA 'lava-kuza chappaya' ( 17vI zatAbdI) bhI rAma-kAvyase sambandhita hai| isameM kevala chappana chappaya hai| yaha eka khaNDa-kAvya hai| brahma rAyamallakA 'hanumaccaritra' eka sundara kRti hai| isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1616meM huI thii| jaina kAvyomeM vAnara eka jAti mAnI gayI hai| ve manuSya the, bandara nhiiN| unake pUMcha nahIM thii| hanumAnko rAmake sahAyaka aura bhaktake rUpameM aMkita kiyA gayA hai| jaina-paramparAme 22veM tIrthaMkara ariSTanemike sAtha vAsudeva kRSNakA caritra jur3A huA hai| kRSNa nemIzvarase umrameM bar3e the| unake cacere bhAI the| ve hI rAjyake svAmI the| nemIzvarane vivAha-dvArapara dIkSA le lI thii| zAdI nahIM kii| trilokasundarI rAjImatIne bhI phira vivAha nahIM kiyA / neminAtha aura rAjImatIko lekara aneka racanAe~ madhyayugame huI / gItikAvya adhika race gye| vinodIlAla ( 1750 ) kI racanAe~ viziSTa haiN| unakI kRtiyoMme prasAda guNa to hai hI, citrAkana bhI hai| eka-eka citra hRdayako chUtA hai| bhavAnIdAsa (1791 ) ke gItoMmeM bhAvukatA hai| unameM aisI sugandha hai, jo kabhI miTatI nhiiN| nemirAjulako lekara aneka 'phAgu' aura 'veli' kAvya bhI bahuta race gye| prabandhakAvya bhI race gaye, kintu unakI saMkhyA alpa hI hai| kavi bhAUkA 'nemIzvararAsa' abhI upalabdha huA hai| isame 155 padya hai| uname vivAhake lie sajI rAjula aura phira viraha-vidagdhA rAjulake sajIva citra hai| anya kAvyoMkA vivecana isa granthake pahale adhyAyame huA hai| 1. brahmajJAnasAgarakA likhA huA hanumaccaritrarAsa (1630) bhI eka prasiddha kRti hai| isakI hastalikhita prati udayapurake zrI sambhavanAthake mandira meM maujUda hai| -2. 'sItAzIlapatAkA guNabeli' AcArya jayakIrtikI racanA hai| isakI hastalikhita pratipara isakA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1674 diyA huA hai|

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hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi apabhraMzame svayambhUke 'riTThaNe micariu' ko vizeSa khyAti hai / usake antaH aura bAhya donoM pakSa samAna rUpase sundara hai jaise gulAboMkI sugandha aura suSamA hI ho / svayambhUkI kAvyakSamatAko mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyanane parakhA aura mApA thA / puSpadantake mahApurAName bhI kRSNa aura nemIzvarakI kathA nibaddha hai / Age aneka kavi unase prabhAvita se mAlUma par3ate hai / apabhraMzake mahAkavi dhavalakA harivaMzapurANa ( 11vIM zatAbdI ) meM bhI isa viSayakA mahattvapUrNa grantha hai / isameM 122 sandhiyA~ va 18 sahasra padya hai / hemacandrake 'trizaSTi zalAkA puruSacarita' me kRSNacaritakA varNana hai| hemacandrAcAryake isa granthakI vizeSa pratiSThA huI / kintu yaha svIkAra karanA hogA ki unake sabhI kAvya-granthoMmeM hRdayakI dhar3akaneM vidvattAke sAye meM simaTI par3I hai / eka prakhara vaiyAkaraNa aura dArzanika the / unakI yaha pravRtti kAvya-granthome bhI ghule-mile binA raha na sako / ataH rAma aura kRSNakathAke ve sthala jo mArmika the, vahA~ upalabdha nahIM hote / 10 saMskRta granthoMmeM AcArya jinasenakA 'harivaMzapurANa' aura guNabhadrakA 'uttarapurANa' prathama kRtiyA~ hai, jinameM kRSNa-kathA AdyopAnta upalabdha hotI hai | mahAkavi dhanaMjayakA saMskRta 'dvisandhAna mahAkAvya' sAhityakI eka mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi hai / ise 'rAghava pANDavIya mahAkAvya' bhI kahate hai / isake pratyeka padyake do artha nikalate hai : eka artha rAmakathAke pakSame aura dUsarA kRSNa kathAke / dhvanyAloka - ke kartA Anandavardhanane dhanaMjayako bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai, "dvisaMdhAne nipuNatAM sa tAM cakre dhanaMjayaH / yathAjAta phalaM tasya satAM cakre dhanaMjayaH // eka purAnI kRti hai : 'caupanna mahApurisacarita' / yaha prAkRta bhASAmeM likhA mahattvapUrNa grantha hai / isake racayitA zIlAcArya bahuta bar3e vidvAn aura kavi the / unakA kAla IsavI san 808 mAnA jAtA hai / isame kRSNacarita nibaddha hai / prAkRtameM race gaye Agama grantha aura aMgoMme bhI kRSNa kathA milatI hai / 'uttarAdhyayana', 'kalpasUtra', 'dasavaikAlika' aura 'praznavyAkaraNa' me kRSNa aura nemIzvarasambandhI kathAe~ bikharI par3I hai / pradyumnacaritroMmeM bhI kRSNakA ullekha hai / pradyumna kRSNake putra the / aura kAmadeva mAne jAte the / unheM lekara hindImeM aneka kAvyoMkI racanA huI / uname saghArUkA 'pradyumnacaritra' ( 1411 ) prasiddha hai / yaha eka sarasa kRti hai, prabandhakAvyake sabhI guNa maujUda haiN| isake atirikta kamalakezarakI ' pradyumnacaupaI ' ( saM0 1626 ), brahmarAyamallakA 'pradyumnarAso' ( 1628 ), brahmajJAnasAgarakA

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bhUmikA 'pradyumnarAsa' ( 17vIM zatAbdI ) tathA devendrakItikA 'pradyumnaprabandha' bhI prasiddha racanAe~ hai| ___ AcArya jinasena aura guNabhadrake saMskRta purANoMme yathAsthAna yaha kathA nibaddha hai| kintu usakA pRthak eka kAvyake rUpameM nirmANa 11vI zatAbdIke mahAsenAcAryane 'pradyumnacaritra ke nAmase kiyA thaa| siMha athavA siddhakI 'pajjUrANakahA' apabhraMzakI eka prasiddha kRti hai| isakA kathAnaka rocaka hai aura avAntara kathAose usakA sambandha nirvAha' vidhivat huA hai| sarvatra kavikI bhAvukatA parilakSita hotI hai| mahAsenake 'pradyumnacaritra'se yaha uttama hai| ina dono racanAoMkA hindIke pradyumnacaritroMpara prabhAva hai| hindI padya aura gadyame likhe katipaya 'harivaMzapurANa' bhI upalabdha hote haiM / uname na maulikatA hai aura na kAvyasauSThava / ve saMskRta aura apabhraMza kRtiyoke anuvAda-bhara hai / brahmajinadAsakA 'harivaMzapurANa' 16vIM zatAbdI, zAlivAhanakA 'harivaMzapurANa' 17vI zatAbdI,khuzAlacanda kAlAkA 'harivaMzapurANa' 18vIM zatAbdI aura paM0 daulatarAmakA 'harivaMzapurANa' 18vIM zatIkI racanAe~ hai / iname paM0 daulatarAmakA 'harivaMzapurANa' hindI gadyame honeke kAraNa adhika pracalita hai| madhyakAlIna hindI kAvyakA jaina bhaktiparaka pahala vividha pravRttiyoko lekara calA / unakA vivecana isa granthake pahale adhyAyame kiyA gayA hai| jaina kaviyoMkI eka aisI pravRtti bhI thI jo adhikAMza unhIMme pAyI jAtI hai, vaha hai 'velikAvya'kA nirmANa / 'veli' 'vallI'ko kahate hai| vallI vRkSAMgavAcI hai| pahale yaha pracalana thA ki vAGmayako udyAna aura usake antargata granthoMko vRkSa yA usake aMgoke nAmoMse pukArA jAtA thaa| 'taittirIya upaniSad'ke sAtaveM prapAThakako 'zikSAvallI' kahA gayA hai| vikAsonmukha kramame 'vallI' nAmase pRthak racanAe~ racI jAne lgiiN| ye rAjasthAnI aura hindImeM 'veli' nAmase prasiddha huii| abhItaka eka prasiddha 'veli' 'kRSNa-rukmaNI rI veli' ke nAmase prakAzita ho cukI hai| usake AdhArapara vidvAnoMne yaha dhAraNA banAyI ki veli-kAvya zrRMgAra-paraka hotA hai| kintu adhikAMza, 'veliyoM ke par3hanese aisA vidita hotA hai ki uname zRMgArase kahI adhika bhakti aura vIra rasoMkA paripAka huA hai| cAraNoMke dvArA gAyI gayI veliyoMme vIrokA yazagAna hI rahatA hai| Aja bhI ve tyohAroMke avasarapara gAyI jAtI hai / jaina veliyome vizeSatA hai ki ve choTe-choTe kathAnakoMko lekara calI hai| uname kathA hai aura bhakti bhii| unameM khaNDa-kAvyakA Ananda hai, to bhaktiko bhAva-vibhoratA bhii| inhIM veliyoMke mAdhyamase jaina kaviyoMne apane

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hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi guruokA jIvana-vRtta upasthita kiyA hai| aisI hI eka veli 'jayati padaveli' Adi sAdhukIrtigIta' aitihAsika jaina kAvya-saMgrahame chapa cukI hai| prasiddha hIravijayasUriko lekara kavi sakalacandra ne 'hIravijayasUri dezanAveli' kA nirmANa rAjasthAnIme kiyA thA / kathAnakoko lekara calanevAlI veliyome 'candanabAlA - veli', 'sthUlabhadra - kozArasa beli' aura 'nemIsurako beli' adhika prasiddha hai / hindI ke kavi ThakurasI ( 1578 ) veliyokI racanAme nipuNa the / unakI 'paMcendriya veli' samUce veli-sAhityame uttama mAnI jAtI hai / usakA uddezya upadezAtmaka hai; kintu aise sarama DhaMgase likhI gayI hai ki usame saMvAda- janya nATakIya rasa utpanna ho uThA hai| vaha rasakI picakArI-sI pratIta hotI hai| isake atirikta unhone 'nemosurakI vela' aura 'guNaveli' bhI rciiN| harpakIrti ( 1683 ) ne bhI 'paMcaveli', 'paMcagativeli' aura 'caturgativeli' kI racanA kI / ve hindI ke eka sAmarthyavAn kavi the / katri chIla ( 16vI zatI ) rAjasthAnI kavi the / unhone rAjasthAnI aura hindI donome likhA / ve janmajAta kavi the / unhe Izvarapradatta pratibhA milI thI / unakI veli bhI eka prasiddha kRti hai / jaina kaviyoMkA veliyome 'bhava-sambodhana' to thA hI, bhaktikA svara bhI prabala thA, balki usIme ve DUbI thIM / vividha DhAlome likhI jAneke kAraNa unakA bAhya kalevara bhI bhavya hai / upadezako bhAvanAke sA~ce jaisA jaina kaviyoMne DhAlA, anya nahIM DhAla sake / 12 isa granthakA dUsarA adhyAya madhyakAlIna jaina bhakta kaviyoM aura unake jIvanavRtta aura sAhitya se sambandhita hai / paNDita rAmacandra zuklane hindokA bhakti-kAla vi0 saM0 1400 se 1700 taka mAnA hai / kintu yaha mAnyatA kaThora nahIM thI / unake anusAra eka hI yugame vizeSa pravRttike sAtha-sAtha anya ruciyA~ bhI calatI hI rahatI hai| isake atirikta yaha bhI saca hai ki paM0 zukla jaina racanAose bilakula paricita nahIM ho pAye the| abhI vividha bhaNDAroMme hindIkI jaina kRtiyoMkI khoja karate samaya vidita huA ki hindIkI jaina bhaktiparaka pravRttiyA~ vi0 saM0 990 se 1900 taka calatI rhii| AcArya devasenake 'zrAvakAcAra' me dezabhASAke darzana hote hai / "jo jiNasAsaNa mAsiyau, so tari pAvai pAru / " isa kathanako siddha karatA hai| yaha 'zrAvakAcAra' kA dohA hai| isame prayukta zabda, rUpa, vibhakti aura dhAturUpa prAyaH sabhI dezabhASAke hai / DaoN0 kAzIprasAda osavAlane likhA hai ki yaha 'zrAvakAcAra' ke bhI pahalese hI pracalita ho cukI thI / dharmazAstrI nAradane "saMskRtaiH prAkRtairvAkyairyaH ziSyamanurUpataH / dezabhASAdyupAyaizca bodhayet sa guruH smRtaH / " padyake dvArA dezabhASAkA pahale hI ullekha kiyA

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bhUmikA 13 thaa| AcArya hemacandrane apabhraMza aura dezabhASAme spaSTa antara svIkAra kiyA hai| dezabhASAko hI prAcIna hindI kahate hai| yahI Age calakara vikasita hindIke rUpame pariNata huii| apabhraMza aura prAcIna hindIkI sAtha-sAtha racanAe~ hotI rhii| donome bheda kara pAnA muzkila hai / svayambhUkA 'paumacariu' aura puSpadantakA 'mahApurANa' hindIkI kRtiyA~ nahI hai| iname bikhare hue kucha sthala dezabhASAke haiM, kintu ve alpa hI hai / puSpadantase 40 varSa uparAnta hue zrIcandakA 'kathAkoSa' dezabhASAkA kAvya-grantha hai| jinadattasUri (vi0 saM0 1274) kA 'upadezarasAyanarAsa' durUha apabhraMzakA nidarzana hai, jaba ki isIke Asa-pAsa bane jinapadmasUrike 'thUlibhaddaphAgu'me dezabhASAke darzana hote hai / ata. siddha hai ki vi0 saM0 ko dasavIM zatAbdIke prArambhase hI hindI panapane lagI thii| unakI aneka bhaktiparaka racanAe~ prApta huI hai| ye usa yugame likhI gayI jise paM0 zuklane vIragAthAkAla nAma diyA hai ( vi0 saM0 1050-1375 ) / isa yugame bauddha siddhone bhI paryApta likhaa| isI AdhArapara mahApaNDita rAhala sAMkRtyAyanane isa kAlako 'siddhakAla' kahA aura DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI use 'AdikAla' kahate hai, kyoki isa nAmame 'bora' 'bhakti' aura 'siddha' sabhI kucha khapa jAtA hai| kintu eka prazna phira bhI banA rahA ki isa kAlakI mukhya pravRtti kyA thI? vaha kucha bhI ho, itanA siddha hai ki hindIme jainabhaktikI racanAoMkA prArambha ho gayA thA, kintu thA vaha prArambha hii| usakA vikAsa 14vIM zatAbdIme dekhA jAne lgaa| 15vIM zatI to jainabhaktike pUrNa yauvanakA kAla thaa| merI dRSTime vaha 19vIM zatI taka nirantara abAdhita gatise calatA rahA / prastuta granthame inhI 400 varSoke jaina bhakta kaviyoM aura unake kAvyakA vivecana hai| hindIke jaina bhakti-kAvyame bhaTTArako, sUriyo aura santoMkA vizeSa yogadAna hai| paNDitoM aura sAdhAraNa gRhasthone bhI likhaa| unakA kAnya bhakti-rasakA hI pratIka hai| kuchane apanA paricaya diyA aura kuchane nhii| khoja kI, DhU~r3hA, kucha milA aura kucha nhiiN| jo kucha prApta huA, usa AdhArapara jitanA prAmANika aMza de sakA, diyA / yadi usame kucha kamI raha gayo hai yA vaha nitAnta prAmANika nahIM bana sakA hai, to Age anusandhitsu use pUrA kareMge, isI AzvAsanake sAtha yaha grantha pAThakoMke samakSa upasthita kara rahA huuN| itanA avazya kahanA hogA ki jaina-kAvyame eka hI nAmake aneka kavi hote rahe, Aja unapara likhate samaya eka jAlame ulajha jAnA hotA hai / jJAnabhUSaNa nAmake cAra bhaTTAraka hue| uname 'AdIzvaraphAgu' ke racayitAkI khoja eka muzkila kAma thaa| isI bhA~ti cAra rUpacandra aura cAra

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14 hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi bhagavatIdAsokA sahI-sahI lekhA-jokhA milA pAnA AsAna nahI hai| AnandadhanoMkI bhI kamI nahIM thii| uname jainamaramI Anandadhana pahacAname A gaye hai, aisA vizvAsa-sA hotA hai| upAdhyAya jayasAgarapara likhate samaya, pahale pairAgrAphame tIna jayasAgaroMkA ullekha kiyA, kintu likhA kevala upAdhyAyajIpara hI, avaziSTa doko bacAkara nikala gayA, yA bhAga gyaa| bhAganA par3A, kyoki usa samaya dUsare-tIsare jayasAgarake sAtha merA prAmANika sambandha sthApita nahI ho sakA thaa| dUsare jayasAgara kASThAsaMghake nandItaTagacchame hue the| unakI guruparamparA isa prakAra thI - somakIrti, vijayasena, yaza.korti, udayasena, tribhuvanakIrti, aura ratnabhUSaNa / ratnabhUSaNa hI jayasAgarake guru the| unakA samaya vi0 saM0 1674 mAnA jAtA hai| unhone saMskRtame 'pAvapaMcakalyANaka' aura hindIme 'jyeSTha jinavarapUjA', 'vimalapurANa', 'ratnabhUpaNa stuti' tathA 'tIrthanayamAlA kI racanA kii| isI 'vimalapurANa' se siddha hai ki AcArya somakIrtine gujarAtake sultAna phoroz2azAhake samakSa AkAzagamanakA camatkAra dikhAyA thaa| tIsare jayasAgarako brahma jayasAgara kahate hai| ve aThArahavI zatAbdIke prathama pAdame hue hai / unakA sambandha mUlasaMgha, sarasvatIgaccha, balAtkAragaNakI sUratazAkhAse thaa| unake guru merucandakA samaya vi0 saM0 1722-1732 siddha hai| brahma jayasAgara hindIke sAmarthyavAn kavi the| unhoMne 'sItAharaNa', 'aniruddhaharaNa' aura 'sagaracaritra'kI racanA kii| tInoM hI prabandhakAvya haiN| unakA kathAnaka AkarSaka hai, sambandhanirvAha pUrNa huA hai| isI prakAra eka hI nAmake do-do to kaI kavi hue| yathAsthAna unakA vizleSaNa hai / isa granthame una racanAoMko chor3anekA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, jinapara gaThita vivAdake madhyase mai kisI ThIka pariNAmapara nahIM pahu~ca pAyA huuN| aisA hI eka kAvya 'adhyAtma saveyA' hai| yaha di0 jaina mandira TholiyAna, jayapurake guTakA naM0 127meM saMkalita hai| isame 101 padya hai| DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla isa kRtiko pANDe rUpacandakI racanA mAnate haiM / unakA AdhAra hai antame likhA huA, 'iti zrI adhyAtma rUpacandakRta kavitta smaapt|' kintu rUpacanda nAmake cAra kavi hue, jiname dokA sambandha 'adhyAtma se thA hii| ve dono samakAlIna the| eka the pANDe rUpacanda / unakI zikSA-dIkSA banArasame huI thii| uccakoTike vidvAn the| kavi banArasIdAsake adhyAtma-sambandhI bhramakA nivAraNa unhone kiyA thaa| ve hindIke khyAtiprApta kavi the| kintu unakI racanAoM aura 'adhyAtma savaiyA'kI zailImeM nitAnta pArthakya hai| isake atirikta pANDe

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bhUmikA 1 rUpacandane kahI bhI apanA nAma kevala 'canda' ke rUpame nahI diyA hai / pratyeka sthAnapara 'rUpacanda' hI likhA hai / 'adhyAtma savaiyA' me kavikA nAma 'canda' diyA hai / ata: pANDe rUpacandakI kRti to nahI ho sakatI / antame likhe 'rUpacanda likhita kavitta samApta' kisI lipikartAkA kArya bhI ho sakatA hai / usane 'canda' ke AdhArapara rUpacandakA anumAna lagA liyA hogaa| dUsare the paM0 rUpacanda / ve banArasIdAsa ke abhinna mitra the / unake sAtha adhyAtma carcAme tallIna rahate the / unakI racanAe~ upalabdha huI hai / inhone bhI kahIM 'canda' kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai / 'adhyAtma savaiyA' ke eka padyame AbhAsita hotA hai ki usake racayitA lAlacanda the / usa padya kI antima paMkti hai : "Alasyo atIta mahAlAlacanda lekhiyai / " lAlacandake kucha pada digambara jaina mandira, bar3autake padasaMgraha meM saMkalita hai / ve vikramakI aThArahavIM zatAbdI ke kavi the / kintu sAtha hI terahaveM aura caudahave sarvayokI antima paMktiyoMme 'teja kahe' likhA huA hai| inase siddha hai ki kinhI teja nAmake kavine isakA nirmANa kiyA thA / madhyakAlIna hindI kAvyame 'teja' nAmake koI kavi nahI hue| ho sakatA hai ki yaha kavikA upanAma ho / kintu yaha kevala anumAna hI hai / yadi 'teja' upanAma thA to do ke atirikta anya padyome usakA prayoga kyo nahI huA / tribhuvanacanda nAmake kavi hue hai, jinhoMne prAyaH apane nAmake anta meM 'canda' kA prayoga kiyA hai / kintu isI AdhArapara ise tribhuvanacandakI kRti mAna lenA yukti-saMgata nahIM hai / yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki tribhuvanacanda adhyAtmavAdI nahIM the / isa bhA~ti 'adhyAtma savaiyA' ke racayitAko lekara eka ulajhana hai / merA mata hai ki jabataka isa kRti - kI tIna-cAra pratiyA~ vibhinna bhaNDAroMme upalabdha nahI ho jAtI, vicAraka kisI sahI nirNayapara nahI pahu~ca sakate / 15 madhyakAlIna jainabhakta kavi 'nirgunie saMto' kI bhA~ti kore nahIM the / unhone vidhivat zikSA-dIkSA grahaNa kI thI / isI kAraNa prArambhase anta taka uname eka aisI zAlInatA ke darzana hote hai, jisake pariprekSyame unakI mastI bhI suzobhana pratIta hotI hai| uname vaha akkhar3atA aura kar3avAhaTa nahIM hai, jo kabIrame thI / pothI par3hanevAlA paNDita bhale hI na ho pAtA ho, kintu usame grAmyadoSakA nitAnta parihAra ho jAtA hai, yaha saca hai / jaina kaviyokI zikSAke bhinna-bhinna sAdhana the / zvetAmbara AcArya, honahAra bAlakoMko bacapaname hI dIkSA dekara apane sAdhusaMgha meM zAmila kara lete the / vahA~para hI unakI prArambhase lekara uccakoTi takakI zikSA hotI thI /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi merunandana upAdhyAya, somasundarasUri tathA yazovijaya Adi hindIke sAmarthyavAn kaviyoMko ATha varSakI umra meM hI dIkSita kara liyA gayA thaa| ve eka ora prakANDa paNDita bane aura dUsarI ora kvi| jina saMghoMme unakA lAlana-pAlana, zikSA-dIkSA huI, unakA vAtAvaraNa aisA hI thaa| vahA~ dArzanikatA aura anubhUti, zuSkatA aura udAratA, prakharatA aura komalatA sAtha-sAtha palA karatI thii| bhaTTAraka-sampradAya bhI zikSAke jIvanta kendra the| unake ziSya darzana, siddhAnta aura sAhityake atirikta mantra, vaidyaka aura jyotiSame bhI pAraMgata vidvAna hote the| uname aneka khyAtiprApta bne| unakA kavitA-prema bhI prasiddha hai| bhaTTAraka sakalakItine saMskRta-prAkRtakI agAdha vidvattA prApta kI thii| unhone kevala saMskRtame satraha grantha likhe| ve hindIke bhI sAmarthyavAn kavi the| unakI aneka muktaka kRtiyokA ullekha isa granthame huA hai| bhaTTAraka ratanakIrti, jJAnabhUSaNa aura zubhacandra bhI aise hI vidvAn kavi the| unhe pANDityakA bhAvonmeSa karanA AtA thaa| unakI vidvattArUpI naukA bhAvarUpI laharoke madhyase sadaiva bahatI rhii| brahma jinadAsane aneka prabandha kAvyoMkA nirmANa kiyA / ve bhaTTAraka sakalakotike choTe bhAI the| unhoMne apanI racanAoMme sakalakItiko guru saMjJAse bhI abhihita kiyA hai| kumudacandakI uttama kaviyoMme gaNanA thI / unhone mahAkAvya likhe aura muktaka chanda bhI / ve bhaTTAraka ratanakotike ziSya the| bhaTTArakoM aura unake ziSyoMkI madhyakAlIna hindI kAvyako mahattvapUrNa dena hai| use vismRta nahI kiyA jA sktaa| bhaTTAraka vaibhava-sampanna hote the|| ata: ve apane ziSyoMke vidyArjanake lie bar3e-bar3e granthAgAroMkI sthApanA karate the| unake yahA~ hastalikhita granthoMkI pratilipiyAM hotI hI rahatI thiiN| kevala jainadharmake hI nahIM, sabhI dharmoM aura viSayoMke grantha unake bhaNDArameM saMkalita hote the| gauravapUrNa zikSAke lie bRhad pustakAlayoMkA honA anivArya hai| isa tathyako Ajake zikSAvizArada bhI svIkAra karate haiN| ve kavi, jo na sAdhu the aura na bhaTTAraka, 'zAstrapravacana' yA 'sailI' ke dvArA vyutpanna bane the| zAstra-pravacanakI paramparA Aja bhI hai| pratyeka mandirake sAtha eka sarasvatIbhavana saMlagna hotA hai aura madhyAhna yA rAtrimeM zAstra-pravacana huA karatA hai / aneka zrotA, jihe akSarajJAna bhI nahIM hai, suna-sunakara hI jaina darzanake sUkSma jJAtA bana jAte hai / pravacaname kisI-na-kisI purANakA pAThana bhI Avazyaka hotA hai| ina purANoMke kathAnakoMse aneka kavi-hRdaya Andolita hue aura ve prabandha tathA muktaka kAvyoke nirmAName samartha ho sake / sadhArU (vi0 saM0 1411) aise hI eka kavi the| unhone 'pradyumnacarita' me likhA hai ki eka eracha nagara meM

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bhUmikA zAstra-pravacanake samaya maine yaha carita sunA aura 'pradyumnacarita'kI racanA kara skaa| __ 'sailI' goSThIko kahate the| Agareme aisI hI eka goSThI thI, jisame nirantara AdhyAtmika carcA haA karatI thii| banArasIdAsa usake sadasya the| vahA~ baiThane ke kAraNa hI ve paNDita bane aura kavi bhii| banArasIdAsa tulasIdAsake samakAlIna the| donoMke milanakI bAta isa granthame kahI gayI hai| Age calakara yaha sailI 'vANArasiyA sampradAya' ke nAmase prasiddha huI / usase preraNA pAkara hI kuarapAla, jagajIvana, hemarAja, bhUdhararAsa Adi uttama kavi bana ske| isI samaya dillIme paNDita sukhAnandakI sailI mAnya thii| hindIke pramukha kavi dyAnatarAya usIse prabhAvita hokara itane mahattvapUrNa bhakti-kAvyakI racanA kara ske| unakI pUjAe~ aura AratiyA~ Aja bhI jaina mandiroMme par3hI jAtI hai| hindIke jaina kaviyoMko urdU fArasIkA bhI acchA jJAna thaa| kavi banArasIdAsane jaunapurake navAbake beTe kilicako saMskRta urdU-fArasIke mAdhyamase par3hAyI thii| bhagavatIdAsa bhaiyAko aneka racanAoMme urdU-phArasIke zabda hai| kavi vinodIlAlakI 'nematIko rekhatA' bhI urdUkI hI kRti hai| usa samaya sthAna-sthAnapara makataba.biche hae the| jaina kaviyokI prArambhika zikSA unhIme huii| hindI bhASAkA jo rUpa gAndhIjI cAhate the, ina jaina kaviyokI racanAoMme upalabdha hotA hai / sAdhu-sampradAyomeM pale kaviyoMkI bhASA saMskRta-niSTha thii| ___jaina kavi darabArI nahIM the, kintu unhoMne mugalabAdazAhokI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai, yahAMtaka ki auraMgajebakA bhI gauravake sAtha ullekha kiyA hai| rAmacandra aura jagatarAma hindIke prasiddha kavi the| usakI muktaka kRtiyAM uttama kAvyakI nidarzana hai| unhoMne auraMgajebakI nyAyapriyatA, ImAnadArI, caritraniSThatA AdikI bAta likhI hai| zAyada itihAsakAroko auraMgajebake sahI Akalaname ina ullekhose kucha sahAyatA mila ske| kavi sundaradAsa zAhajahA~ke darabArameM nahIM rahate the, kintu apane sadguNoMkI prasiddhike kAraNa unake kRpApAtra the| kavi raMgabijaIko to zAhajahA~ne nimantraNa dekara bulAyA thaa| unhone zAhajahA~kI udAratAkI prazaMsA kI hai| Agareke hIrAnanda mukAma salImake gahare mitra the| prAyaH salIma unake ghara jAtA thaa| bAdazAha honeke bAda bhI usane hIrAnandako sammAnakI dRSTise dekhaa| hIrAnanda eka adhyAtmavAdI kavi the| kavi nandalAlane bhI jahA~gIrake ucca vyaktitvakA varNana kiyA hai| brahmagulAla eka maje hue kavi the| ve AgarAke samIpa hI rahate the| unakA jahA~gIrase sambandha nahIM thA. phira bhI unhoMne prazaMsA kI hai|

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi banArasIdAsane akabara, jahA~gora aura zAhajahA~kA zAsanakAla dekhA thaa| unakA 'nATaka samayasAra' zAhajahA~ke rAjyameM nirvighna samApta huA thaa| usa samaya dhArmika utpIr3ana nahI thA / musalamAna bAdazAha aura navAbokI sahAyatAse aneka jainayAtrA saMgha nikala sake aura jaina mUrtiyo tathA mandirokI pratiSThA ho skii| seTha dhannArAya aura hIrAnandakI dekha-rekhame saikar3o jainamandira bane, aisA zilAlekhose spaSTa hai| akabarakI dhArmika udAratA to jagaprasiddha thii| unhone jaina sAdhuokA sammAna hI nahIM kiyA, apitu unake upadezoMpara amala bhI kiyaa| jaina parvo aura aSTamI-caturdazIko pazu-vadha sadA-sadAke lie banda kara diyA gyaa| kaI videzI vidvAnone akabarako jaina kahA hai| unakI mRtyukA samAcAra jaba kavi banArasodAsane sunA, to tavA~DA A gayA, apaneko saMbhAla na sake aura nIce gira par3e / unhone 'ardhakathAnaka'me likhA hai, "akasmAta banArasI, suni akabara ko kAla / sIr3hI para baiThyau hutau, bhayau bharama cita cAla // Ai tavAlA giri parayau, sakyo na ApA rAkhi / phUTi mAla lohU calyo, kahayo, 'deva' mukha bhAkhi / / lagI coTa pAkhAna kI, bhayau gRhAMgana lAla / 'hAi' 'hAI' saba kari uThe, mAta tAta behAla // " hindIke anya jaina mahAkavi brahmarAyamalla, pANDe jinadAsa, parimalla aura gaNi mahAnanda Adine bhI akabarakA gauravapUrNa smaraNa kiyA hai| na ve akabarake darabArame rahate the aura na unakA koI nijI svArtha hI siddha honA thaa| ve sacce kavi the| unake kavihRdayane samrATa akabarake vizAla hRdayako pahacAnA thaa| diloMkI yaha ApasI pahacAna hI unake kAvyoMmeM ubhara-ubhara uThI hai| vi0 saM0 1800-1900 me bhI aneka bhaktiparaka racanAoMkA nirmANa huaa| unake racayitA zaktizAlI kavi the| kintu rItikAlakA unapara prabhAva thaa| unakI bhASAme bhI alaMkAroMko bharamAra thii| lAlA hariyazakA janma vi. saM0 1860 me, lAhaurake samIpa kusumapura ( kasUra ) meM huA thaa| unakI jAti osavAla aura gotra gAndhI thaa| bacapana vipattiyoMme biitaa| phira bhI vyutpanna honeke kAraNa saMskRta aura prAkRtake acche jJAtA bana sake / unakI bhASApara saMskRta prAkRtakA prabhAva hai| unhoMne 'sAdhuguNamAlA', 'devAdhideva racanA' aura 'devaracanA' kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| tInoM bahuta pahale prakAzita huI thii| 'sAdhuguNamAlA' kA eka padya dekhie, jo alaMkArase bojhila hai,

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bhUmikA jina ketaka ke dala ke mahike, ali ke citta ke bhaTike bahike / madhu ke ruta ke, bana ke, sarake, pika kema cuke vinake lavake / ghana ke ghaTa ke svara ke sanake, kima keki cake nRtake lttke| khaga ke rama ke kima ke tuTi ke, kavi kema cuke stava ke kathake / / isI yugame eka kavi pArasadAsa hue| jayapurake rahanevAle the| vahA~ke bar3e mandirakI terApanthI sailIse unhe preraNA milI aura ve eka acche kavi bana ske| unakA 'pArasa vilAsa' eka prasiddha kRti hai / usame 'aSTottarazataka', 'brahmachattIsI', 'sarasvatI aSTaka', 'upadeza paccIsI', 'bArAkhar3I', 'cetanasISa' Adi bhaktiparaka kRtiyA~ hai| kavikI hRdayagata tallInatA unase spaSTa ho jAtI hai| pAThaka bhAvavibhora hue binA nahI rhtaa| 'pArasa vilAsa' kI hastalikhita prati di0 jaina mandira bar3autame maujUda hai| kavi devIdAsa bhI hindIke bhakta kavi the / unakA janma orachA sTeTake dUgoDA grAmame haA thaa| inakI jAti golAlAre aura vaMza kharauA thaa| inakI prasiddha kRti hai 'paramAnanda vilAsa' / usame bhakti aura adhyAtmakA samanvaya hai| yaha kAvya paM0 paramAnanda zAstrIko upalabdha huA thaa| racanA sarasa hai| isI zatAbdIme kavi Tekacanda hue| unakA janma mevAr3ake zAhapurAme huA thaa| unake pitA rAmakRSNa jayapura chor3akara zAhapurAme rahane lage the| Tekacanda kucha samaya taka indaurame rahe aura vahA~kI dhArmika maNDalImeM unhe granthanirmANakI preraNA milii| unhone 'puNyAsravakathAkoza', 'buddhiprakAza', 'zreNikacaritra', 'paMcaparameSThi' Adi pUjAo aura pada-saMgrahoMkA nirmANa kiyaa| ye saba kavi bhakta hote hue bhI tatkAlIna sAhityika pravRttiyoMse prabhAvita the| bhale hI inhone nAyikAokA nakhase zikha taka varNana na kiyA ho, kintu unakI bhASA nIcese Upara taka alaMkArose suzobhita thii| ve bhASAkI svAbhAvikatAse haTate jA rahe the| __isa granthake tIsare adhyAyameM jaina bhakta kaviyoMke bhAvapakSapara likhA gayA hai| pA~ca bhAvoMko AdhAra banAyA hai| ve isa prakAra hai : sakhya, vAtsalya, prema, vinaya aura zAnta / iname uttarottara kramase vizuddhatA AtI gayI hai| sarvotkRSTa hai zAnta bhAva / use antame rakhA hai / ina sabake pariprekSyame jitane anya sUkSma bhAva ho sakate haiM, unake vizleSaNakA prayAsa kiyA hai| cauthA adhyAya kalA-pakSase sambandhita hai| use bhASA, chanda, alaMkAra aura prakRticitraNa-jaise cAra upazIrSakoMme bAMTa diyA hai / jaina kaviyoMkI bhASA sarala aura pravAhapUrNa thii| unhoMne aneka naye chanda, nayI rAga-rAginiyoMmeM prayukta kiye|

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hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi isa dizA me unakI maulikatA anukaraNIya thI / alaMkAroke prayogame ve maryAdAzIla bane rahe / bhakti kAvyakA koI aMza alaMkAroke kAraNa apanI svAbhAvikatA na kho sakA / aneka jaina kavi prakRti ke prAMgaNa me pale aura vaha hI unakA sAdhanAkSetra banA / ataH ve 'prakRti-citraNa' bhI svAbhAvika DhaMgase kara sake / 20 pA~cavA~ adhyAya tulanAtmaka hai| usame nirgunie santoM aura vaiSNava kaviyoMkI jaina kaviyose tulanA kI gayI hai| maine nirantara niSpakSa rahanekA prayatna kiyA hai / isa 'prabandha' kA nirdezana mAnya DaoN0 chailabihArIlAla gupta rAkeza, ema0 e0, DI0 phila0, DI0 liT0 ne kiyA thaa| maiM unakA hRdayase AbhArI hU~ | mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana aura DaoN0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla isa zodha granthake parIkSaka the / unhoMne eka matase ise pI-eca0 DI0 ke yogya svIkAra kiyA / mere lie unakA AzIrvAda hI thA / zAyada unake prati merA yahI AbhAra pradarzana hogA ki maiM zodha - mArgapara nirantara calatA rahU~ / bhAratIya jJAnapIThake adhikAriyokA bhI AbhArI hU~ ki unhoMne isa granthako saharSa prakAzita kara diyA / di0 jaina kaoNleja, bar3auta (meraTha) 22 janavarI, 1664 - ( DaoN0 ) premasAgara jaina

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anukrama vibhAga : eka 1. jaina bhakti : pravRttiyA~ 'niSkala' aura 'sakala'-1, divya anurAga-2, rahasyavAda-4, sataguru-6, brahmakI preraNA-7, paMcakalyANaka stutiyAM-9, dAsyabhAva-10, ArAdhyakI mahattA-11, kIrtana-14, smaraNa-16, darzanakI mahimA-17, bhaktise aMgoMko sArthakatA-20, bhaktike lie manako cetAvanI-22, bAvanI aura zataka AdimeM jaina bhakti-24, rUpakoMmeM bhakti-26, jaina bhaktike vizAla stambha : prabandha kAvya-28, jaina bhaktikI zAnti prktaa-29| 2. jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 32-364 1. rAjazekharasUri-32, 2. sadhAru-34, 3. vinayaprabha upAdhyAya-37, 4. merunandana upAdhyAya-42, 5. viddhaNU-47, 6. somasundara sUri-50, 7. upAdhyAya jayasAgara-52, 8. hIrAnanda sUri-54, 9. bhaTTAraka sakalakItti-56, 10. zrI padmatilaka-58, 11. brahma jinadAsa-59, 12. muni caritrasena-64, 13. lAvaNyasamaya-65, 14. saMvegasundara upAdhyAya-68, 15. IzvarasUri-69, 16. catarumala-71, 17. bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa-73, 18. bhaTTAraka zubhacandra-77, 19. vinayacandra muni-80, 20. kavi ThakurasI-83, 21. vinayasamudra-88, 22. kavi haricanda90, 23. devakalaza-92, 24. muni jayalAla-93, 25. bhaTTAraka jayakotti-94, 26. zrI kSAntiraMgagaNi-95, 27. zrI guNasAgara96, 28. bUcarAja-97, 29. chohala-101, 30. bhaTTAraka ratnakIti107, 31. brahma rAyamalla-110, 32. kuzalalAbha-115, 33. sAdhukotti-121, 34. hIrakalaza-122, 35. pANDe jinadAsa-125, 36. tribhuvanacandra-128, 37. kumudacanda-130, 38. kavi parimalla135, 39. vAdicanda-137, 40. gaNi mahAnanda-140, 41. megharAja142, 42. sahajakIti-144, 43. brahmagulAla-146, 44, udayarAja jatI-150, 45. hIrAnanda mukIma-154, 46. hemavijaya-156,

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22 anukrama 47. nandalAla - 158, 48. kavi sundaradAsa - 161, 49. paM0 bhagavatI, dAsa - 164, 50. pANDe rUpacanda - 168, 51. harSakIrti - 174, 52. kanakakIrti-176, 53. kavi banArasIdAsa - 178, 54. manarAma - 193, 55. ku~arapAla-197, 56. yazovijayajI upAdhyAya - 199, 57. mahAtmA Anandaghana - 204, 58. jagajIvana - 211, 59. pANDe hemarAja - 214, 60. paM0 manoharadAsa - 219, 61. lAlacanda labdhodaya - 214, 62. paM0 hIrAnanda- 228, 63. rAyacanda - 230, 64. jinaharSa - 233, 65. acalakIrti - 239, 66. rAmacandra - 242, 67. jodharAja godhIkA - 247, 68. jagatarAma - 251, 69. vizvabhUSaNa - 258, 70. jina raMgasUri - 264, 71. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa - 268, 72. ziromaNidAsa - 276, 73. dyAnatarAya--278, 74. vidyAsAgara - 287, 75. bulAkIdAsa290, 76. vinaya vijaya - 293, 77. devAbrahma - 295, 78 surendrakIrti munIndra - 298, 79. khetala- 300, 80. bhAU - 303, 81. lakSmIvallabha - 307, 82. vinodIlAla- 311, 83. bihArIdAsa - 322, 84. kizanasiMha - 327, 85. khuzAlacanda kAlA - 333, 86. bhUdharadAsa - 335, 87. nihAlacanda - 349, 88. paM0 daulatarAmajI - 352, 89. bhavAnI - dAsa - 356, 90. ajayarAja pATaNI - 357 / vibhAga : do 3. jaina bhakti-kAvyakA bhAva-pakSa sakhyabhAva - 367, vAtsalyabhAva - 371, vivAha-385, tIrthaMkara nemIzvara aura 389, AdhyAtmika holiyA~ - 391, laghutA - 402, zAntabhAva - 409 / 4. jaina bhakti-kAvyakA kalA-pakSa 420-457 bhASA - 420, vi0 saM0 1600-1800 ke jaina hindI kaviyoMkI bhASA - 429, chanda-vidhAna - 435, alaMkArayojanA - 445, prakRti-citraNa - 451 / 5. tulanAtmaka vivecana 458-467 nirguNopAsanA aura jaina-bhakti - 458, jaina ArAdhanA aura saguNa bhakti - 480 / pariziSTa : 367-413 premabhAva - 381, AdhyAtmika rAjulakA prema - 387, bArahamAsA - vinayabhAva - 397, dInatA - 401, 6. hindI AdikAlameM jaina bhaktiparaka kRtiyA~ 466-505

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vibhAga : eka

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: 2: jaina bhakti : pravRttiyA~ 'niSkala' aura 'sakala' AcArya yogIndune 'paramAtmaprakAza' meM bhagavAn 'siddha' ko 'niSkala' kahA hai| vyAkhyAme brahmadeva ne likhA hai, "paJcavidhazarIrarahitaH niSkalaH / "" siddha zarIrarahita hokara 'siddhi' meM virAjate hai / jJAnakI dRSTise siddha aura buddha AtmAmeM antara nahIM hai, kintu 'siddha' mokSame aura zuddha AtmA dehameM rahatI hai / AcArya kundakundane donoM hI pUjya kahA hai| zarIrarahita honese ve nirAkAra hote haiN| zuddha AtmA dehameM rahatI avazya hai, kintu svayaM dehadhArI nahIM hai / arhanta 'sakala' brahma kahalAte hai | arhanta vaha haiM, jinhoMne cAra ghAtiyA karmoMkA nAza karake paramAtmapada pA liyA hai; kintu aghAtiyA karmoke kSaya hone taka unheM isa saMsAra meM rukanA hai / saMsArameM rukanekA artha hai zarIrakA banA rahanA / arhatA parama audArika zarIra hotA hai / ve sazarIrI kahalAte haiM / 'niSkala' aura 'sakala' me azarIrI aura 'sazarIrI' ke atirikta aura koI bheda nahIM hai / donoM hI AtmA paramAtmatattvakI dRSTise samAna hai / brahmatvakI dRSTise 'nirguNa' aura 'saguNa' meM bhI samAnatA hai, kintu 'niSkala' aura 'sakala' jitane eka-dUsare ke nikaTa haiM, 'nirguNa' aura 'saguNa' nahIM / niSkala aura sakala donoM ho svaprayAsa se karmoM kA kSaya kara niSkala aura sakala bana pAte haiM / pratyeka 'niSkala' pahale 'sakala' banatA hai / binA zarIra dhAraNa kiye aura binA kevalajJAna upalabdha kiye koI bhI jIva 'niSkala' nahIM bana sakatA / kevalajJAnane niSkala aura sakalako eka-dUsareke samIpatama pahu~cA diyA hai / 'nirguNa' aura 'saguNa' meM bRhadantara honeke kAraNa ho hindI ke bhakti kAvya me do pRthak pravRttiyA~ dekhI jAtI haiN| DaoN0 potAmbaradata bar3athvAlane unheM 'nirguNa 1. yogIndu, paramAtmaprakAza, brahmadevakI TIkA sahita 1125, pR0 32 / 2. 'parama audArika zarIra' kA artha hai antima sthUla zarIra, arthAt anya ise sthUla zarIrake uparAnta phira koI zarIra dhAraNa nahIM kreNge|

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi bhaktidhArA' aura 'saguNa bhaktidhArA' ke rUpameM vibhAjita kara diyA hai| kabIra Adi pahalIke aura sUra Adi dUsarI dhArAke kavi kahe jAte haiN| hindIkA jaina bhakti-kAvya 'niSkala' aura 'sakala' ke rUpameM nahIM bAMTA jA sakatA / usame donoMkA samanvaya huA hai| hindIke jaina bhakta kaviyoMne yadi eka ora siddha athavA niSkalake gIta gAye to dUsarI ora arhanta athavA sakalake caraNoMmeM bhI zraddhA-puSpa car3hAye / unhoMne kisI ekakA samarthana karaneke lie dUsarekA khaNDana nahI kiyaa| bhaTTAraka zubhacandrane 'tattvasAradUhA', "deha vibhiNNo NANamaya re mUrati rahita amutta / dhyAuM appA ApaNo dhyAnAnala pavitta // "kahA, to "deva eka jinadeva re Agama jina siddhAnta / tatva jIvAdika sahahaNa hoi sammatta bhabhrAnta // " bhI khaa| muni caritrasenane apanI 'sammAdhi' nAmakI kRtime, "khaNi-khaNi jhAiyaha Namo arihantANaM, jiva mege pAvahu nnivvaannN|" ke dvArA arhantake dhyAnakI bAta kahI, to "jai appA appaDi guNa lagnA, te saMsAra mahAduha bhagnA // " se AtmAke guNoMme tallIna honA bhI svIkAra kiyaa| Anandatilakane 'mahAnandideu' nAmako racanAmeM "bhappA saMjamu sIla guNa appA dasaNa NANu / vau tau saMjama deu guru ANaMdA te pAvahiM NivANu // " likhA to dUsarI ora sadguru, jo zarIradhArI hai, kI bhI mahimA kA, "guru jiNavara guru siddha siu, guru rayaNattayasAru / so darisAvai appa paru ANaMdA, bhavajala pAvai pAra // " ke dvArA bakhAna kiyaa| hindIke bhakti-kAvyakA aisA koI jaina kavi nahIM, jisameM ye donoM pravRttiyAM eka sAtha na pAyI jAtI hoN| divya anurAga jaina AcAryoMne 'rAga' ko bandhakA kAraNa kahA hai, kintu vItarAgImeM kiyA gayA 'rAga' paramparayA mokSako hI detA hai| vahI 'rAga' bandhakA hetu hai jo 'para' meM kiyA gayA ho / vItarAgI paramAtmA 'para' nahIM 'sva' AtmA hI hai| AtmapremakA artha hai Atma-siddhi, jise mokSa kahate haiN| AcArya pUjyapAdane 'rAga' ko bhakti kahA, kintu usa rAgako jo arhanta, AcArya, bahuzruta aura pravacanameM zuddha bhAvase kiyA jaaye| vItarAgIke prati rAgakA yaha bhAva jaina bhaktike rUpameM nirantara pratiSThita banA rhaa| bhakta kaviyoMne to usIko apanA AdhAra maanaa| 1. tattvasAra dUhA, mandira TholiyAna, jayapura, sammAdhi aura mahAnandideu, mandira badhIcandajI jayapurakI hastalikhita pratiyoMke AdhArapara ye uddharaNa diye gaye hai| 2. prAcArya pUjyapAda, sarvArthasiddhi, 6 / 24 kA bhASya /

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jaina bhakti: pravRttiyA~ hindIke jaina bhakti-kAvyameM yaha rAgAtmaka bhAva jina aneka mArgoMse prasphuTita huA, uname 'dAmpatyarati' pramukha hai / 'dAmpatyarati' kA artha hai pati-patnIkA premabhAva / pati-patnImeM jaisA gaharA prema sambhava hai, anyatra nahIM / isI kAraNa 'dAmpatyarati' ko rAgAtmaka bhaktime zIrSa sthAna diyA gayA hai | hindIke jaina kaviyoMne cetanako pati aura sumatiko patnI banAyA / patike virahameM patnI becaina rahatI hai, vaha sadaiva pati milanako AkAMkSA karatI hai| pati-patnI ke premameM jo maryAdA aura zAlInatA hotI hai, jaina kaviyoMne usakA pUrNa nirvAha 'dAmpatyarati' vAle rUpakomeM kiyA hai / kavi banArasIdAsakI 'adhyAtmapada paMkti', bhagavatIdAsa 'bhaiyA' kI 'zata aSTottarI' muni vinayacandakI 'cUnar3I', dyAnatarAya, bhUdharadAsa, jagarAma aura devAbrahmake padoMmeM dAmpatyaratike aneka dRSTAnta hai aura unameM maryAdAkA pUrNa pAlana kiyA gayA hai / hindI ke katipaya bhakti kAvyome dAmpatyarati chichale premakI dyotaka-bhara banake raha gayI hai / usameM bhakti kama aura sthUla sambhogakA bhAva adhika hai / bhaktikI oTa meM vAsanAko uddIpta karanA kisI bhI dazAme ThIka nahIM kahA jA sakatA | patnIke dvArA seja sajAyI jAnA aura usapara sambhogake lie patikA AhvAna kiyA jAnA, bhakti to nahI hI hai aura cAhe kucha ho / dAmpatyaratike rUpakako 'rUpaka' hI rahanA cAhie thA, kintu jaba usameM rUpakatva to rahA nahIM, 'rati' hI pramukha ho gayI, to phira azAlInatAkA ubharanA bhI svAbhAvika hI thA / jaina kavi aura kAvya isase bace rahe / 'AdhyAtmika vivAha' bhI rUpaka kAvya hai / inameM kisI sAdhukA vivAha dIkSAkumArI yA saMyamazrI ke sAtha sampanna hotA hai, athavA AtmArUpI nAyakakA guNarUpI nAyikA sAtha / merunandana upAdhyAyakA 'jinodayasUri vivAhalau', upAdhyAya jayasAgarakA 'neminAtha vivAhalo', kumudacandakA 'RSabha vivAhalA' aura ajayarAjapATaNIkA 'zivaramaNIkA vivAha' isa dizAko mahattvapUrNa kar3iyA~ haiM / 'AdhyAtmika vivAha' jainoMkI maulika kRtiyA~ hai / nirgunie saMtone unakA nirmANa nahIM kiyA thA / 'AdhyAtmika phAguoM' kI racanA bhI jaina kaviyoMne adhika kI / jaina cetana apanI sumati Adi aneka patniyoMke sAtha holI khelatA rahA hai / kabhI-kabhI puruSa aura nArIke jatthoMke madhya bhI holiyAM khelI gayI hai / vaise to holiyA~ sahasroM jaina padomeM bikharI hai, kintu jaisI sarasatA dyAnatarAya, jagarAma aura rUpacandake kAvyame hai, dUsarI jagaha nahIM / cetanakI patniyoMko 'AdhyAtmika cUnar3I' pahananekA cAva thA / kabIrako bahuriyA ne bhI 'cUnar3I' pahanI hai, kintu sAdhukItti kI 'cUnar3I' meM saMgItAtmaka lAlitya adhika hai / neminAtha aura rAjImatI se sambandhita muktaka aura khaNDa kAvyoMmeM jisa premakI 3

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi anubhUti sannihita hai, vaha bhI sthUla nahIM divya hI thA / vairAgI patike prati yadi patnIkA saccA prema hai, to vaha bhI vairAgyase yukta hI hogA / rAjImatIkA nemIzvarake sAtha vivAha nahI ho pAyA thA ki ve, bhojyapadArtha bananeke lie ba~dhe pazuoM kI karuNa pukArase prabhAvita hokara tapa karane cale gaye; phira bhI rAjomatIne jIvana paryanta unhIMko apanA pati mAnA / aisI patnIkA prema jhUThA athavA vAsanAmizrita hogA, yaha koI nahIM kaha sakatA | hindIkI aneka muktaka racanAoM me rAjImatIke saundarya aura virahI bhAvaparaka anubhUtiyA~ haiM, kintu ve apabhraMzakI proSitapatikAoMse yatkiMcit bhI prabhAvita nahIM hai / rAjImatI sundara hai, kintu use apane saundaryakA kabhI AbhAsa nahI hotA / rAjImatI virahaprapIr3ita hai, kintu use pati sukhakA hI adhika dhyAna hai / virahame na to usakI zayyA nAgina bana sakI hai aura na usane apanI rAteM hI pATiyA~ pakar3akara bitAyI hai / rAjazekhara ke 'nemozvara phAgu', harSa konti, hemavijaya aura vinodIlAla ke 'nemIzvaragItoM meM rAjImatIkA saundarya tathA jinaharSa, lakSmIballabha, vinodIlAla aura dharmavardhanake 'nemirAjImatI bArahamAsoM meM rAjImatIkA viraha uttama kAvyakA nidarzana hai / kahIM para bhI azlIlatA nahIM hai / saba kucha maryAdAse ba~dhA hai / hindI ke jaina kAvyome nemIzvara aura rAjImatIko lekara aneka maMgalAcaraNoMkI bhI racanA huI hai, kintu uname kahIM bho "pAdAgrasthitayA muhuH stanabhareNAnItayA namratAm" aura "autsukyena kRtatvarA sahabhuvA vyAvarttamAnA diyA / " jaisI bAta nahIM hai / jaba ki bhagavAnke maMgalAcaraNa bhI vAsanA ke kamarese khIce jA rahe the, nemIzvara aura rAjulase sambandhita -mAMgalika pada divyAnubhUtiyoke pratIka bhara hI rhe| unhoMne apanI pAvanatAkA parityAga kabhI nahI kiyA / 4 rahasyavAda jaina apabhraMzake 'paramAtmaprakAza', 'sAvayadhamma dohA', 'dohApAhuDa' - rAmasiMha 'vairAgyasAra' aura 'dohApAhuDa' - mahacanda me Atma- brahmase prema karane aura usame tanmaya hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai / vahA~ Atma- brahma kI bhakti se sambandhita aneka citra hai, jinapara tantrAtmaka pravRttikA bhI halakA-sA raMga hai / madhyakAlIna hindIke jaina kavi apabhrazake isa rahasyavAdase prabhAvita haiM, kintu ve tantravAdase mukta haiN| unakI anubhUtiyome bhAvAtmakatA adhika haiM | AcArya kundakunda ke 'bhAva pAhuDa' me bhI bhAvAtmaka anubhUtikI hI bAta adhika kahI gayI hai / bhAva 1. dekhie irSakI 'ratnAvalI' ke prArambhika maMgalAcaraNa /

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jaina bhakti : pravRttiyA~ mUlaka anubhUti hI rahasyavAdakA prANa hai| vicArAtmaka anubhUti darzanake kSetrame pratiSThita hai / anubhUti dono hai, kintu pahalIme bhAva utpanna hote hai aura dUsarIme vicAra / DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNanane vicArAtmaka anubhUtiko adhyAtmavidyA kahA hai| adhyAtmavidyA vaha hai, jisame mukhyataH anubhUtigata tattvakA vicAra kiyA jAye / rahasyavAda bhAvAtmaka anubhUti hai|' anubhUtikA dUsarA nAma anubhava hai / kavi banArasIdAsane anubhavako paribhASA likhI hai, "Atmika rasakA AsvAdana karanese jo Ananda milatA hai, use hI anubhava kahate hai / " usIko vizada karate hue unhoMne kahA, "isI anubhavako jagatke jJAnI jana rasAyana kahate haiM / isakA Ananda kAmadhenu aura citrAvalike samAna hai, isakA svAda paMcAmRta bhojana-jaisA hai| anubhava mokSakA sAkSAt mArga hai / " pANDe rUpacandane 'adhyAtma savaiyA' me likhA hai ki AtmabrahmakI anubhUtise yaha cetana divya prakAzase yukta ho jAtA hai / usame anantajJAna prakaTa hotA hai aura yaha apane-Apame hI lona hokara paramAnandakA anubhava karatA hai| 1. DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana, Heart of Hindusthan, anuvAda-bhAratakI antarAtmA, vizvambharanAtha tripAThI, 1953, pR0 65 / 2. vastu vicArata dhyAvatai, mana pAvai vizrAma / rasa svAdata sukha Upaje, anubhau yAko nAma // 17 // banArasIdAsa, nATakasamayasAra, jainagrantharatnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1986, pR0 17 / . 3. anubhauke rasako rasAyana kahata jaga, anubhau abhyAsa yaha tIrathakI Thaura hai| anubhau kI keli yaha kAmadhenu citrAveli, ____ anubhau ko svAda paMca amRtako kora hai| dekhie vahI, 16vaoN padya, pR0 17-18 / 4. anubhau abhyAsamai nivAsa sudha cetana ko, anubhau sarUpa sudha bodhako prakAsa hai, anubhau anUpa uparahata anaMta jJAna, __ anubhau anIta tyAga jJAna sukharAsa hai| anubhau apAra sAra Apa hI ko Apa jAne, Apa hI mai vyApta dIsa jAmai jar3a nAsa hai| anubhau arUpa hai sarUpa cidAnaMda caMda, anubhau atIta ATha karma syo aphAsa hai // 1 // adhyAtma savaiyA, mandira badhIcandajI, jayapurakI hastalikhita prani /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi madhyakAlIna hindIke jaina kAvyoMme rahasyavAdI gIta aura pada bikhare hue haiN| unameM 'ArAdhanA pratibodhasAra' - sakalakotti, 'sammAdhi' - caritrasena, 'tattvasAradahA'-zubhacandra, 'cetanagIta' -jinadAsa, 'anityapaMcAzata' - tribhuvanacandra, 'sundarasatasaI sundaradAsa, 'khaTolanAgIta' - pANDe rUpacanda, 'adhyAtmagIta' - banArasIdAsa, 'manarAma vilAsa' - manarAma, 'bahattarI' - Anandadhana, 'hitopadezabIvanI' - hemarAja, 'Agama vilAsa' - jagatarAma, 'cetanabattIsI' - lakSmIballabha, 'akSarabAvanI' - bihArIdAsa, 'cetana gIta' - kizanasiMha aura 'cetana sumatisajjhAya' - bhavAnIdAsa prasiddha racanAeM hai| iname Atma-brahmake premakI abhivyakti rUpakoke dvArA kI gayI hai| rUpaka sarasa hai, aisI sarasatA saMskRtaprAkRtake jaina kaviyoMmeM nahIM pAyI jAtI / sataguru ___ jaina kAvyoMme satagurukA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| vahAM sataguru aura brahmameM bheda nahIM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / unhoMne arhanta aura siddha ko bhI 'sataguru' kI saMjJAse abhihita kiyA hai / kabIrakA guru brahmase pRthaka hai / guruke dvArA hI govinda milatA hai, ataH kabIrane guruko brahmase bar3A kahA hai / guruke prati kabIrakA yaha dRSTikoNa svArthajanya adhika lagatA hai, bhaktiparaka km| dUsarI ora jo bhakta brahmako bhI 'guru' kahakara hI pukAratA hai, usakI guru-bhaktimeM sandeha nahI kiyA jA sktaa| jaina kavi guru-bhakta the| unhoMne paMcaparameSThIko 'paMcaguru' kahA hai / pacaparameSThImeM arhanta-siddha zAmila hai, AcArya-upAdhyAya tathA sAdhu bhii| sAdhu yadi samyaktvI hai, to guru-padakA adhikArI hai| guru vahI hai, jo samyak pathakA nirdezana kare / samyak pathakA artha hai mokSa-mArga / use vahI batA sakatA hai, jo usapara cala cukA ho| saccA sAdhu usapara calatA hai aura usake aMza-aMzase paricita rahatA hai / hindIke jaina kaviyoMne 'guru' ko mokSa-mArgakA prakAzaka kabIra ne 'guru' kI zaktikI bAta to bahuta kI, kintu usake prati ziSyako anurAgAtmaka zraddhAkA to jaise vahAM abhAva hI hai| udhara jaina kAvyoMko gurubhaktimeM anurAgako paryApta sthAna milaa| jaina ziSyane guruke milana aura viraha donoMke hI gIta gAye / guruke milaname ziSyako samUcI prakRti lahalahAtI huI dikhAI dI aura virahameM usane samUce vizvako udAsIna dekhA / ralhakI 'jinadatta caupaI', upAdhyAya jayasAgarako 'jinakuzalasUricaupaI', kuzalalAbhakA

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jaina bhakti : pravRttiyA~ 'zrIpUjyabAhaNagItam', sAdhukItikA 'jinacandrasUrigItam' tathA jodharAjakA 'suguruzataka' anurAgAtmaka bhaktike uttama dRSTAnta hai / hindIke sabhI kaviyoMne svIkAra kiyA hai ki guruke sAmarthyavAn hone mAtrase kucha nahIM hotaa| ziSyameM yogyatA, grahaNa karanekI upAdAna zakti honI hI caahie| upAdAna zaktike abhAvameM guru kitanA hI samajhAye ziSya samajhatA nahIM / jaina kaviyoMne apane aneka padomeM isa bhAvako sarasatAke sAtha prakaTa kiyA hai| kintu guru atyadhika udAra hotA hai| ziSyame grahaNa karanekI zakti ho yA na ho, vaha guruke AzIrvAdakA pAtra to banatA hI hai / banArasIdAsane 'nATaka-samayasAra meM guruko meghake samAna kahA hai / gurumeM-se meghakI hI bhAMti 'bAnIrUpI' akhaMDita dhAra nikalatI hai aura usase saba jIvoMkA hita hotA hai / "jyoM baraSe baraSA samai, megha akhaMDita dhAra / tyoM sadaguru bAnI khira, jagata jIva hitkaar|" brahmakI preraNA pratyeka bhakta apane bhagavAnse yAcanAe~ karatA hai| jaina bhaktane bhI kI hai| usane kahIM putra, kahIM dhana aura kahIM mokSa maaNgaa| usakA mAMganA kabhI vyartha gayA ho, aisA sunanemeM nhii,aayaa| vItarAgI prabhune apane bhaktakI sabhI manokAmanAoMko pUrA kiyA, phira ve bhautika ho yA AdhyAtmika / kintu prazna to yaha hai ki jo bhagavAn saMsArase mukta ho cukA, usakA saMsArase kyA sambandha ? jaina siddhAnta jinendrame kartRtva nahIM mAnatA aura binA kartRtvake vaha bhaktakI icchAoMko pUrA bhI nahIM kara sktaa| phira jaina bhakta kisa sahArese TikatA hai ? usake TikanekA avalamba hai jinendrakI prernnaa| jinendra kucha nahIM dete; kintu unake darzana aura pUjA-upAsanAse bhaktameM puNyaprakRtiyoMkA janma hotA hai| ye prakRtiyA~ cakravartIkI vibhUti detI haiM aura tIrthakarakA pada bhii| arthAt unameM kSaNika aura sthAyI donoM hI prakArakA Ananda deneko sAmarthya hai / sArAMza yaha ki jinendra 1. ralhakI 'jinadatta caupaI, jaina mandira pATaudI. jayapurake guTakA naM0 200 meM maujUda hai| isameM 553 padya hai / jodharAjakA suguruzataka bhI isI mandirake guTakA naM0 236 meM aMkita hai| avaziSTa racanAe~ prakAzita ho cukI hai| 2. puNyaprakRtiyaoN anya mAgAse bhI janma le sakatI hai, kintu bhaktimArga AsAna, sIdhA aura sarasa hai, janasAdhAraNake manako rucatA hai| jJAna pradhAna jaina dharmameM usakA vidhAna bahuta bar3e AzvAsanakI bAta hai|

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi kucha nahIM dete, kintu unakI preraNA saba kucha detI hai| usase bhaktameM aisI sAmarthyakA janma hotA hai, jisase vaha svataH saba kucha prApta kara sakatA hai| ise hI preraNAjanya kartRtva kahate haiN| isameM bhakta 'deva-daiva pukArA' taka hI sImita nahI rahatI, apitu abhISTa prApta karaneke lie karmakSetrame utaratI hai / bhakti aura karmakA aisA samanvaya kahAM dekhaneko milatA hai| isame jaina bhakta na to bhaktike nitAnta parAvalambanase AlasI bana pAtA hai aura na karmakI zuSkatAse becaina hotA hai| jinendrakA saundarya preraNAkA akSaya puMja hai / use lekara kaviyoMkI AnandAnubhUtiyAM bhI ubharatI rahI hai| svayambhU stotra' meM AcArya samantabhadrane likhA hai, "na pUjArthassvayi vItarAge na nindayA nAtha vivaantvaire| tathApi te puNyaguNasmRtirnaH punAti cittaM duritAmjanebhyaH // " madhyakAlIna hindIke jaina kAvyomeM aisI anekAneka uktiyAM hai| dhAnatarAyane jinendrake preraNAjanya kartRtvako eka upAlambhake dvArA prakaTa kiyA hai / "tuma prabhu kahiyata diindyaal| Apana jAya mukati maiM baiThe, hama ju rukata jagajAla / tumaro nAma japeM hama nIke, mana baca tInauM kAla // tuma to hamako kaDU deta nahiM, hamaro kauna havAla / bure-male hama bhagata tihAre, jAnata ho hama cAla // aura kachU nahiM yaha cAhata haiM, rAga-doSa kauM TAla / hama soM cUka parI so bakaso, tuma to kRpA vizAla // dhAnata eka bAra prabhu jaga teM, hamakoM lehu nikAla / " Adhunika hindIke kaviyoMkA mana bhI ArAdhyake preraNAjanya saundarya meM hI adhika ramA hai| 'priyapravAsa'ko rAdhAne pavanako dUtI banAkara kRSNake pAsa bhejaa| dUtIne pUchA ki vahAM to saba kAle hI kAle hoMge, maiM kRSNako kaise pahacAnUMgI ? rAdhAne kahA, "baiThe hoMge jisa thaka vahA~ bhagyatA bhUri hogii| sAre prANI vadana lakhate pyArake sAtha hoNge| pAte hoMge paramanidhiyA~ lUTate ratna hoNge| hotI hoMgI hRdayatalakI kyAriyA~ puSpitA-sI / dete hoMge prathita guNa ve dekha sadRSTi dvArA / lohAko chU kalita karase svarNa hoMge banAte // "

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jaina makti : pravRttiyA~ rAdhAne kRSNake vyaktitvameM eka aisA jAdU mAnA hai, jisase samIpasthoMko parama nidhiyAM aura ratna prApta ho jAte hai| kRSNa kucha dete nahIM, unake 'darzana' me aisI zakti hai, jisakI preraNA bhaktako saba kucha pAneme samartha banAtI hai / jisakI kevala sadRSTi se hI prathita guNa A jAte hoM, vaha jAdU hI hai aura kyA / ise hI jaina AcArya preraNA kahate rahe hai, aura jaina-kavi usIke preraNA-dIpa jalAte rahe hai| rAyacandakI sItAne rAmame, hemavijayakI rAjulane nemikumArame, kuzalalAbhako aMjanAne pavanadevame preraNAjanya saundaryako anubhUtiyAM kI hai| paMcakalyANaka stutiyA~ tIrthakaroke garbhame Ane, janma lene, tapake lie jAne, kevalajJAnake utpanna hone aura mokSa prApta karaneke avasarapara jo utsava manAye jAte hai, unhe 'kalyANaka' kahate hai| ve kalyANa karate haiM, ataH unakI yaha saMjJA sArthaka hI hai| jaina kAvyome unakA anubhUtiparaka vivecana hai| prabandha kAvyoMme adhika hai phira cAhe ve saMskRta-prAkRtake hoM athavA apabhraMza aura hindIke / vahA~ tIrthakarake pratyeka kalyANakase sambandhita eka-eka sarga hai, kintu kaviyoMkA mana garbha aura janma-kalyANakoMmeM hI adhika ramA hai| bhUdharadAsake pArzva-purAName ina dokA sarasa varNana hai| kavikI sabase baDI sAmarthya hai citraaNkn| hindIke mahAkaviyoMne rucikavAsinI deviyoMke dvArA mAMkI sevA, sadyaHjAta bAla tIrthaMkarakA pANDukazilApara snAna, indrakA tANDava nRtya aura 'Ananda' nATaka Adi dRzyoMko saphalatApUrvaka aMkita kiyA hai| unameM prAkRtika chaTAkA samanvaya honese saundarya aura bhI bar3ha gayA hai| prabandha kAvyoMme yathAprasaMga muktaka stutiyoMko bhI racanA kI jAtI hai| uname tat-tat kalyANakako lekara tIrthakarake prati apanA bhakti-bhAva prakaTa karanA hI kavikA uddezya hotA hai / apekSAkRta hindIke prabandha kAvyome aisI stutiyoMkI adhikatA hai| hindIke kaviyoMne to muktaka rUpase bhI paMcakalyANaka-stutiyoMkA nirmANa kiyA hai| saMskRta-prAkRtame unakA nitAnta abhAva hai| yaha hindI kaviyoMkI apanI nijI vizeSatA hai / pANDe rUpacandako 'paMcamaMgala stuti' Aja bhI -jaina-mandiroMmeM pratidina par3hI jAtI hai| jagarAmake 'laghupaMcamaMgala'kI eka hastalikhita prati mujhe bar3autake digambara jaina-mandirake zAstrabhaNDArameM milI hai| pANDe rUpacandane prasiddha 'paMcamaMgalastuti' ke atirikta eka 'laghupaMcamaMgala'kA bhI

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hindI jaina bhaktikAvya aura kavi nirmANa kiyA thA / vaha bhI bar3auta ke zAstra bhaNDArame upalabdha huA hai / bhavAnIdAsake 'paMcamaMgalakAvya' kI eka prati banArasa me rAmaghATapara sthita prAcIna jaina mandira me maujUda hai / bhaTTAraka dharmacandakA 'paMcamaMgala' jayapura ke jaina mandira me upalabdha hai / ina kAvyome jaina kaviyokA hRdaya jaise umar3a hI paDA hai / jagarAma laghumaMgalakA eka vaha dRzya dekhie, jisame chappana kumArikAe~ mA~kI sevA karatI hai, pATaudI ke 10 "Ika sanamuSa darapana lIyA, bana AbhUSana Ikasai, Ika pU~chata eka pahelI kA, Ika utara suni nisi dina ati Ananda syau, ima nava mAsa bitAbai jI // mahimA tribhuvana nAtha kI, kavi kahA~ lauM varaNAvai jI / bhakti pare nA basi bhayo, jagatarAma jasa gAvai jI // Ika ThADI caMvara durAbai jI / madhurI baina bajAvai jI // haraSAcai jI / dAsyabhAva bhaktako bhagavAnkA dAsa honA hI caahie| vaha dAsatA jo bhakta ke hRdaya meM janma letI hai, sAttvikI hI hotI hai| usakA bhautika svArthase yukta dAsatAke rAjasika pahalUse sambandha nahIM hotA hai| jaina bhakta bhagavAnkA dAsa hai / vaha bhagavAn kI sevAmeM apanA jIvana bitA denA cAhatA hai / hindoke aneka jaina kaviyone bhava bhavame jinendrakI sevA karanI cAhI hai / unhoMne na to sAMsArika sukha mA~ge aura na mokSa ho, mA~gI to sevA / sevAjanya Ananda hI unake jIvanakA carama lakSya banA rahA / unakI yaha AkAMkSA pavitra thI - svArtharahita / 1 jaina bhaktakA ArAdhya bhI kaisA udAra aura dayAlu hai ki vaha apane dAsako apane samAna banA letA hai / AcArya samantabhadrane likhA hai ki he bhagavan ! jo ApakI zuzrUSA karate haiM, ve zIghra hI Apa jaisI lakSmIse suzobhita hote hai / isIlie kavi banArasIdAsane jJAnIke lie bhI sevAbhAvakI bhakti anivArya batalAyI hai / jo bhagavAn donoMpara itanI dayA kare ki unheM apane samAna banA le, saca hI vaha 'dInadayAla' hai / isI kAraNa jaina bhakta bAra-bAra usa 'dInadayAlu' ko pukAratA hai " 1. dekhie stutividyA, 70 vaoN zloka / 2. kavi bhUdharadAsakI 'aho jagadaguru' vAlI vinatI, jo 'bRhajjinavANIsaMgraha' meM prakAzita ho cukI hai|

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jaina bhakti : pravRttiyA~ "aho jagadaguru eka suniyo araja hamArI / tuma prabhu dInadayAlu, maiM dukhiyA saMsArI // " 11 aura yaha bhI saca hai ki usakA pukAranA kabhI nirarthaka nahIM gayA / dInadayAlune dInapara dayA kara use bhI 'dInadayAlu' banA liyA / aise bhagavAnkA yadi koI dAsa bane to ThIka hI hai| yadi na bana pAye to durbhAgya hai / hindI ke aneka jaina kaviyone dAsyabhAvakI bhakti kI hai / usakA vivecana tIsare adhyAya me kiyA gayA hai / yaha unake lie eka uttara hogA, jo jaina bhakti meM dAsyabhAva nahI maante| unake kathanAnusAra AtmAme paramAtmA bananekI tAqata maujUda hai, phira use dAsatA karanekI kyA AvazyakatA hai / unake siddhAntAnusAra AtmA aura paramAtmA samAna hai, phira dAsatAko sthAna hI nahI hai / isake atirikta ve bhagavAnme kartRtva bhI nahI mAnate, isalie bhI dAsatAkA khaNDana karate haiM / kintu AtmA abhI paramAtmA banI nahI hai, usame una tattvoMkA AvirbhAva nahIM huA hai, jo paramAtmAme maujUda hai, ataH yadi vaha paramAtmAme sevAbhAva rakhe to anupayukta nahI hai / jahA~taka karttRtvakA sambandha hai, vaha bhale hI preraNAtmaka ho, hai to, phira dAsyabhAva bhI nibha hI sakatA hai / jaina kaviyoMne dAsyabhakti ke aneka padoMkA nirmANa kiyA hai / ArAdhya kI mahattA ArAdhya kI mahattA svIkAra kiye binA zraddhA hI utpanna nahIM hotI, bhakti to dUrI bAta hai / isI mahattA ke sAtha bhaktakI apanI laghutAko svIkRti svataH jur3I hai / arthAt bhakta jabataka apaneko laghu aura ArAdhyako mahAn svIkAra nahIM karatA, vaha bhakta hI nahI | jaina bhaktame bhI ye dono pravRttiyA~ dikhAI detI haiM | ArAdhya kI mahattA prakaTa karaneke aneka DhaMga hai, aura uname eka yaha bhI hai ki apane ArAdhyako anya devoMse bar3A batAyA jAye / sUra aura tulasIne kRSNa aura rAmako brahmA, maheza aura buddhase bar3A kahA hai / jaina kaviyone bhI jinendrako anya devoMse bar3A mAnA / aisA karake unhoMne apane iSTadevame ananya bhAva hI prakaTa kiyA hai| unhoMne kisI anyake prati kaTutA abhivyakta nahIM kI / apane iSTadevako sarvotkRSTa batAnA bhaktakA kartavya hai, kintu jina anya devose utkRSTa dikhAyA jAye, unake prati ghRNAtmaka bhAva prakaTa karanA ThIka nahI hai / saguNopAsaka kavi nirguNabrahmakA khaNDana kaTutAke sAtha karate rahe hai / unakA yaha kArya niSedhAtmaka

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi adhika hai, vidheyaka kama / nirguNabrahmakA khaNDana saguNabrahmakI bhakti nahI hai| saguNa aura nirguNako eka mAnanese jaina kavi isa saMgharSase nitAnta mukta rahe hai / unhoMne janAtirikta devose apane devako bar3A to batAyA, kintu unako burA bhI nahIM kahA / jaina saMskRta kAvyomeM to kahIM-kahI brahmA, viSNu, mahezake prati tIkhApana bhI dikhAI detA hai, kintu jaina hindo racanAome aisA nahI hai| ___ jaina kaviyone ArAdhyakI mahattA eka anya zailIse bhI prakaTa kI hai| yaha zailI vidheyaka hai aura prathamakI apekSA udAratAparaka bho| isame bhakta kavi anya devoMkI ArAdhanA taka karaneko taiyAra rahatA hai, kintu tabhI, jaba usameM apane iSTadevake guNa ghaTita hoN| rAmake bhakta tulasIdAsa kRSNakI vandanAko bhI taiyAra hai, kintu jaba ve muralI chor3akara 'dhanuSa-bANa' dhAraNa kreN| eka jaina kavi zaMkarakI pUjA karanA cAhatA hai, kintu tabhI jaba zaMkara pralaya karanA chor3akara 'zaM' arthAt zAnti karanevAle bana jaayeN| isI bhA~ti ve 'brahmA' kI upAsanA karaneko bhI taiyAra hai, kintu tabhI jaba vaha urvazIke moha-jAlase nikalakara 'kSuttRSNAzramarAga rogarahita' ho jaayeN| AcArya hemacandrane to apane ArAdhyakA nAma hI nahIM liyaa| unake lie to ve sabhI iSTadeva hai, jiname rAgAdika doSa kSayako prApta ho gaye hai, "bhavabIjAkarajananA rAgAdyAH kSayamupAgatA yasya / brahmA vA viSNurvA haro jino vA namastasmai // yatra tatra samaye yathA tathA yo'si so'syabhidhayA yayA tayA / vItadoSakaluSaH sa cedbhavAneka eva bhagavannamo'stu te // " bhaktako laghutAko bAta Upara kahI jA cukI hai| ArAdhyakI mahattAke samakSa bhaktako apanA pratyeka guNa aura kArya laghu hI pratIta hotA hai| bhaktike kSetrameM laghutAkA bhAva hInatAkA dyotaka nahI hai / bhakta jitanA hI adhikAdhika apaneko laghu anubhava karatA jAyegA, utanA hI vinamra hotA jAyegA aura ArAdhyake samIpa pahuMcatA jaayegaa| tulasIko 'vinayapatrikA' me 'laghutA' pramukha hai| jaina kavi kumudacanda, jagajIvana, manarAma, banArasIdAsa, rUpacanda aura bhUdharadAsake padome bhI laghutAko hI mukhyatA dI gayI hai / banArasIdAsakA eka padya dekhie, 1. AcArya akalaMka, akalaMkastotra saTIka, dUsarA aura cauthA zloka / 2. nATakasamayasAra, utthAnikA, 12vA~ padya /

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jaina bhakti: pravRttiyA~ "jaise kou mUrakha mahAsamudra tiribe ko, bhujAni soM udyata bhayau hai taji nAvarau / jaiseM giri Upari birakhaphala toribe koM, bAvanu puruSa koU umaMgai utAvarau / jaise jalakuNDa meM nirakhi zazi pratibimba tAke gahibe ko kara nIco kare TAvarau / taisaiM maiM alapabuddhi nATaka Arambha kInau gunI mohi ha~seMge kaheMge kou bAvarau // " laghutAke sAtha hI donatAkA bhAva bhI janma letA hai| dInatAkA artha hai g2arIbI, g2arIbI kevala rupaye-paisekI nahIM, hara trhkii| bhaktame na to guNa hai aura na puNya karanekI sAmarthya / usako jindagI pApoMme kaTatI hai| isI kAraNa use bArambAra garbhake duHkhoMko jhelanA par3atA hai / vaha jovana-bhara becaina rahatA hai| koI bhI bhagavAn usake ina duHkhoMko tabhI dUra kara sakatA hai, jaba vaha 'dInadayAlu ho| ahiMsAko parama dharma mAnaneke kAraNa jinendra to svabhAvase hI 'paramakAruNika' hote haiN| unhone sadaiva donoMpara dayA kI hai| hindIke jaina kaviyoMne unake 'dInadayAlu' rUpako lekara bahuta kucha likhA hai| uname paM0 daulatarAmakI 'adhyAtma bArahakhar3I'. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsakA 'brahmavilAsa', bhadharadAsakA 'bhadharavilAsa', dyAnatarAyakA 'dyAnatavilAsa' tathA manarAmakA 'manarAmavilAsa' prasiddha hai| inameM bhagavAnke usa 'viruda' kA nirUpaNa hai, jisake sahAre dIna tarate hai, bhale hI unhone hIna karma kiyA ho| ___ bhagavAn isalie bhI mahAn hai ki vaha azaraNoko zaraNa detA rahA hai / jIva apane hI pApa aura aparAdhoke kAraNa aisA bana jAtA hai ki use koI zaraNa deneko taiyAra nahIM hotaa| aisoMpara bhagavAn dayA karatA hai| unake aparAdhoko parimAjita kara unhe bhI bhavasamudrase tAra detA hai| jinendra jaba 'dInadayAlu' hai to 'azaraNazaraNa' bhI hai| azaraNoMko zaraNa denA bhI dayAse hI sambandhita hai| jaina kaviyone jinendrake isa rUpako lekara aneka anubhUtiparaka 'pado'kA nirmANa kiyA hai / paM0 daulatarAmakA kathana hai, "jAU~ kahA~ taji zaraNa tihAre / cUka anAditanI yA hamarI, mApha karau karuNA guna dhAre // DUbata hauM bhavasAgara meM aba, tuma binu ko mohi pAra nikAre / "

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14 hindI jaina makti kAvya aura kavi bhaktako bhI pUrA vizvAsa hai ki use kevala jinendra hI zaraNa de sakate haiN| ve kevala zaraNa hI nahIM, apitu use tAra bhI deMge, kyoMki unakA aisA 'viruda' hai / kavi dyAnatarAyane likhA hai, "aba hama nemijI kI zarana / aura Thaura na mana lAgata hai, chA~ Di prabhuke zarana // sakala mavi-adha-dahana bArida viruda tArana tarana / indra-candra-phaninda dhyARs, parama sukha dukha harana // " kIrtana kIrtanakA tAtparya hai bhagavAnko kIttikA varNana krnaa| vaiSNava mandiroMme tAla-maMjIroMke sAtha honevAle kortanakA rUpa jaina mandiromeM kabhI pracalita nahIM rahA / madhyakAlame devasthAnopara bhI jaina bhakta nRtya aura gAyanake sAtha rAsa karane lage the, kintu zrI jinavallabhasUri (vi0 saM0 1167) ne lagur3a aura tAlarAsoko banda kara diyA thA, kyoMki ina rAsa-kartAokI ceSTAe~ viTo-jaisI hone lagI thiiN| anya rAsa pracalita rahe, nRtya aura gAyana bhI / kintu yahAM rUpa bhI vaiSNavamandiroMmeM honevAle kIrtana-jaisA nahI thaa| __ kAvyameM kIrtanako nAma-japa kahate hai| jinendrake nAma-japakI mahimA jaina kaviyoMne sadaiva svIkAra kI hai| mAnatuMgAcAryane 'bhaktAmarastotra meM likhA hai, "tvannAsamantramanizaM manujAH smarantaH sadyaH svayaM vigatabandhamayA bhavanti // " AcArya siddhasenane bhI 'kalyANamandirastotra'me likhA hai, "AstAmacintyamahimA jinasaMstavaste nAmApi pAti bhavato bhavato jaganti // " hindIke jaina sAhityameM to sthAna-sthAnapara bhagavAnke nAmakI mahattAkA bhAvapUrNa nirUpaNa hai| vaise to sUra aura tulasIne bhI apane ArAdhyake nAma lene mAtrase hI asIma sukha prApta honekI bAta likhI hai, kintu jinendra kA nAma lenese sAMsArika vaibhava' to milate hI hai. sAtha hI unake prati anAkarSaNakA bhAva bhI prApta hotA hai| vaibhava milatA jAye aura usake sAtha hI mana usase pRthak hokara vairAgyakI ora khiMcatA jAye, yaha hI jinendrake nAma-japakA uddezya hai / kavi banArasIdAsake 'nAmanirNaya vidhAna se aisA 1. dyAnatapadasaMgraha, kalakattA, pahalA pd|

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jaina bhakti: pravRttiyA~ siddha bhI hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsane 'supaMthakupaMthapacIsikA' meM jinendrake nAmakI acintya mahimAkA varNana kiyA hai / udAharaNake lie, "tero nAma kalpavRkSa icchA ko na rAkhai ura, tero nAma kAmadhenu kAmanA harata hai| tero nAma cintAmana cintA ko na rAkhai pAsa, tero nAma pArasa so dArida Darata hai| tero nAma amRta piye teM jarA roga jAya, tero nAma sukhamUla dukha ko darata hai| tero nAma vItarAga dharai ura vItarAga, bhavya tohi pAya mavasAgara tarata hai / __ kIrtanakA dUsarA artha hai guNoMkA kIrtana / jinendrame guNa to hai asIma aura mAnava hai sasIma, phira unhe kese kahe / ataH vaha asomako kahaneke lie atizayoktikA sahArA letA hai| yahAM 'atizayokti' zabda asImake pakSame nahIM, apitu kahanevAle 'sasoma' ke pakSame ghaTatA hai| sasIma kaha nahI pAtA, kintu jo kucha bhI kahatA hai, vaha bhI usake lie bar3hA-car3hA kathana hai| asImake sImArahita guNoMko to vaha jAna bhI nahI pAtA, ataH unhe bar3hA-car3hAkara kahanekA to koI artha hI nahIM hai / 'svayambhU stotra' meM ise alpamatikA 'pralApa-leza' kahA hai, vaha alpamati, jo jinendra ke azeSamAhAtmyako jAnatA hI nahI / dhanaJjayane 'viSApahAra stotra' me spaSTa hI likhA, "vaktuM kiyAn kIdRzamityazakyaH, stutistato'zaktikathA tavAstu / " hindIke pada-sAhityame 'asIma' ke guNoMko kahaneko azakyatA sarasatAke sAtha abhivyakta kI gayI hai / kavi dyAnatarAyane eka sthAnapara likhA hai, "prabhu maiM kihi vidhi thuti karauM tero| gaNadhara kahata pAra nahiM pAvai, kahA buddhi hai merI / / zakra janama bhari sahasa jIma dhari tuma jasa hota na pUrA / eka jIma kaise guNa gAvai ulU kahai kimi sUrA // camara chatra siMhAsana baranauM, ye guNa tumate nyAre / tuma guNa kahana vacana bala nAhIM naina ginai kimi tAre // paM0 daulatarAmako 'adhyAtmabArahakhar3I' meM bhI likhA hai ki jinendrakI gUr3ha mahimA gaNapati bhI nahIM kaha pAte, phira bhalA meM matihIna ajJAnI usa bhedako kaise pA sakatA huuN| 1. dyAnatapadasaMgraha, kalakattA, 45vaoN pada / 2. adhyAtmabArahakhaDI, baDAmandira, jayapurakI hastalikhita prati, 'ga' akSara, 75vA~ pdy|

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16 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi "gUr3ha svabhAva jiniMda sadA tU saba patI, mahimA terI gUr3ha lahai nahiM gaNapatI / tU gUDhAtamadeva nirantara saba mahI, maiM matihIna ayAna bheda pAyo nahIM // " smaraNa sabhI bhakta apane-apane ArAdhyakA smaraNa karate hai / smaraNa hI viyogIkA ekamAtra sahArA hai / usIke balapara bhakta jIvita rahatA hai| bhakta tabataka smaraNa karatA hai, jabataka ArAdhyamaya nahIM ho jaataa| rAdhA jaba smaraNa karate-karate kRSNamaya ho gayo, tabhI use caina pdd'aa| jaina AcAryone smaraNa aura dhyAnako paryAyavAcI kahA hai / smaraNa pahale to ruka-rukakara calatA hai, phira zanaiH-zanaiH usame ekatAnatA AtI jAtI hai, aura vaha dhyAnakA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai| smaraName jitanI adhika tallInatA bar3hatI jAyegI, vaha utanA hI tadrUpa hotA jAyegA / 'ekIbhAva stotra me likhA hai ki bhagavAnke dhyAnase mujhame 'tvayyevAI kI mati utpanna ho jAtI hai| 'kalyANamandira stotra'me kahA gayA hai ki jinendrake dhyAnase kSaNamAtrameM yaha jIva paramAtma dazAko prApta ho jAtA hai|' hindIke jaina kaviyoMne satata smaraNake balapara bhagavAnke tAdAtmyakI bAta aneka sthAnoMpara kahI hai| kavi banArasIdAsane 'adhyAtmagIta'meM likhA hai, "bhAgai bharama karata piya dhyAna / phATara timira jyoM Ugata mAna / " kavi 1. prAdurbhUtasthirapadasukha tvAmanudhyAyato me, tvayyevAhaM sa iti matirutpadyate nirvikalpA / mithyaiveyaM tadapi tanute tRptimabhreSarUpAM, doSAtmAno'pyabhimataphalAstvatprasAdAdbhavanti // -ekobhAvastotra, 17vA padya / 2. dhyAnAjineza bhavato bhavinaH kSaNena, dehaM vihAya paramAtmadazAM vrajanti / tIvAnalAdupalabhAvamapAsya loke, cAmIkaratvamacirAdiva dhAtubhedAH // -kalyANamandirastotra, 15vA zloka / 3. banArasIvilAsa, jayapura, adhyAtmagIta, 15vaoN padya, pR0 161 /

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jaina bhakti : pravRttiyA~ dyAnatarAyakA kathana hai ki 'AtamarAma' so laganese arthAt dhyAna karanese 'duvidhA bhAva' dUra ho jAtA hai, bhakta aura svAmIme bheda nahIM rahatA, dono eka ho jAte hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsane 'sUAbattIsI' me "dhyAvata bhApa mAhiM jagadIza, duhuM pada eka birAjata Iza / " likhakara dhyAnase tAdAtmyakI bAtako puSTa hI kiyA hai / pa0 daulatarAmane bhI "taba vAsyauM vicharU~ nahIM, dhyAU~ hai niragranthi " likhA hai / 2 3 4 smaraNase kevala bhagavAnkA tAdAtmya hI nahIM, apitu bhautika vibhUti bhI upalabdha hotI hai / muni vAdirAjakA zarIra kor3hako durgandhise yukta thA, jinendrakI smRti se svarNa - jaisA camaka uThA / hindIke kavi dyAnatarAyakA kathana hai ki prabhuke smaraNase yaha jIva tara to jAtA hI hai, sA~pa aura meDhaka jaise jIvoMko surapada bhI prApta hotA hai / devatAoMkA vaibhava prasiddha hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsane 'paramAtmachattIsI' me likhA hai, "rAga dveSa ko tyAga ke ghara paramAtama dhyAna | jyoM pAve sukha sampadA, maiyA ima kalyAna // sAMsArika vibhUtiyoMkI prApti hotI avazya hai, kintu hindIke jaina kaviyoMne AdhyAtmika sukhake lie hI bala diyA hai / prabhuke smaraNapara to lagabhaga sabhI kaviyoMne jora diyA hai, kintu dhyAnavAcI smaraNa jaina kaviyoMkI apanI vizeSatA hai / " 17 darzanakI mahimA ArAdhyako satata dekhate rahanekI tIvra abhilASA kabhI bujhatI nahIM / a~khiyA~ hari-darasanakI bhUkhI banI hI rahatI hai| ho bhI kyA, prabhu lAvaNyasindhu haiM, unake lAvaNyajalase pyAsekI pyAsa tRpta nahIM hotI / gopIke netra to kRSNake mukhako dekhate hI lubhA jAte the, arthAt isa bhAMti Anandamagna ho jAte the ki unhe loka 1. dyAnatapadasaMgraha, 3havA pada / 2. brahmavilAsa, sUmA battIsI, 30 vaoN pada, pR0 270 / 3. adhyAtma bArahakhaDI, prArambha, 46vaoN padya / 4. dhyAnadvAraM mama rucikaraM svAntageha praviSTa statki citraM jinavapuridaM yatsuvarNIkaroSi || ekIbhAvastotra, 4thA zloka / 5. thAnatapadasaMgraha, kalakattA, ' 77vA~ pada / 6. brahmavilAsa, paramAtmachattIsI, 35vA padya, pR0 230 / 3

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hindI jaina mani-kAvya aura kavi lajjA aura kulakAnikA bhI dhyAna nahIM rahatA thaa| idhara abhI tIrthakarakA janma hI huA hai ki indra TakaTakI lagAkara nirakhane lagA / tRpta nahI huA to sahasranetra dhAraNa kara liye / tRpti phira bhI na mila sakI / bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNane 'AdIzvaraphAgu' me bAlaka AdIzvarake saundaryakA varNana karate hue likhA hai, "dekhanevAlA jyoM-jyoM dekhatA jAnA hai, usake hRdayame vaha bAlaka adhikAdhika bhAtA jAtA hai|" arthAt vaha tRpti kA anubhava nahI krtaa| aura ye netra jaba apane priyako nahIM dekha pAte to usake pratIkSA-pathapara biche rahate hai| dina aura rAta dekhate rahanese A~kheM lAla ho jAtI hai, kintu dukhatI nahI, kyoki priyamilanakI lalaka unhe nirantara dekhate rahanekI zakti detI hai| mahAtmA Anandadhanane likhA hai ki mArgako nihArate-nihArate A~kheM sthira ho gayI hai, jaise ki yogI samAdhimeM aura muni dhyAnage hotA hai| viyogakI bAta kisase kahI jAye / manako to bhagavAnkA mukha dekhanepara hI zAnti ho sakatI hai, "paMtha nihArata loyaNe, draga lAgI aDolA / jogI surata samAdhi maiM, muni dhyAna jhakolA // kauna sunai kinakuM kahu~, kima mAMDaM maiM kholA / tere mukha dIThe hale, mere manakA colA // " hindIke jaina kaviyone hRdayame baiThe 'AtamarAma' ke darzanakI bAta aneka bAra kahI hai| unheM usake dekhanese eka carama AnandakI anubhUti milatI hai / usake darzanase yaha jIva svayaM bhI 'paramAtama' bana jAtA hai| Anandatilakane 'mahAnandideu' meM likhA hai, "appa viMdu Na jANahiM ANaMdA re / ghaTa mahi deva aNaMtu " kavi vidyAsAgarane 'viSApahArachappaya' me likhA hai ki 'bahu dehoM ke madhya 'eka rUpa' 'dhutivaMta' jinadeva virAjamAna haiM, jo mukha dhumAkara dekhatA hai, use paramasukha milatA hai / bhaTTAraka zubhacandrane bhI 'tattvasAradUhA' me, "deha bhItara tima appa 1. AhekaniyakuNDala jhalakai khalakai neura paai| jima jima nirakhai harakhai yiDai tima tima bhAi / AdIzvaraphAgu, AmerazAstrabhaNDArakI hastalikhita prati, 66vaoN padya / 2. Anandaghanapada saMgraha, adhmAtmajJAnaprasArakamaNDala, bambaI 16vaoN pada / 3. Anandatilaka, mAnandideu, AmerazAstrabhaNDArakI hastalikhita prati, tIsarA padya / 4. vidyAsAgara, viSApahArachappaya, divjainazAstrabhaNDAra dUMgI, guTakA naM0 143, 7vA~ pdy|

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jaina makti : pravRttiyA~ 49 sarUpa, zuddha dUdha mAhiM rahi jima trapa / " likhA hai| unhoMne dehake bhItara rahanevAle 'amutta appA' ke darzana se paramAnanda prApta honekI bAta to ekAdhika bAra likhI hai / kavi brahmadIpane 'adhyAtmabAvanI' me spaSTa hI kahA hai, "jai nIkai ghari ghaTi mahi dekhai, tau darasanu hoi tabahi sabu pekhai / " pANDe hemarAjane 'upadeza dohAzataka' me likhA hai ki ghaTame base niraMjanadevake darasanase hI 'sivaSeta' milatA hai, anyathA nahI / kavi banArasIdAsakA kathana hai ki ghaTame rahanevAle isa paramAtmA ke rUpako dekhakara mahA rUpavanta thakita ho jAte hai, usake zarIra kI sugandhise anya sugandhiyA~ chipa jAtI hai / 'AtamarAma' ke darzanase bhaktako kevala hRdayake bhItara hI Anandako anubhUti nahIM hotI, apitu use samUcI pRthvI bhI AnandamAna dikhAI detI hai / siMhaladvIpa se Aye hue ratanasenako jaba nAgamatIne dekhA to use pUrA vizva harA-bharA dikhAI diyA / banArasIdAsane bhI priya 'Atama' ke darzana se prakRtimAtrako praphullita dikhAyA hai / dyAnatarAyane to saba jagaha vasanta phailA huA dekhA hai / bhagavAn ke 'darzana' me asIma bala hai| darzana mAtra se hI sabhI manokAmanAeM pUrI ho jAtI hai / ata: jaina kavi jinendrako cintAmaNi aura kalpavRkSa - jaise sambodhanose sadaiva sambodhita karate rahe hai / kintu 'darzana' se bhautika sukha pAnekA adhika kathana jaina saMskRta stotrome upalabdha hotA hai / hindIke jaina kaviyoMne AdhyAtmika Anandapara hI adhika bala diyA hai / yazovijayajIne apane 'pArzvanAthastotra' me likhA hai, "kalpadrumose phalito lebhe cintAmaNirmayA / prApta kAmaghaTaH sadyo yajjAtaM tava darzanam // kSIyate sakalaM pApaM darzanena jineza ! te / tRNyA pralIyate kiM na jvalitena havirbhujA // " 1. tattva rahA, mandiraTholiyAna, jayapurakI hastalikhita prati, 21vI caupaI / 2. brahmadIpa, adhyAtmabAvanI, paNDyA lUNakarajIkA mandira, jayapura, guTakA naM0 114, 43vA~ padya / 3. koTi janama lau tapa tarpa, mana baca kAya sameta / suddhatama anubhau binA kyo pAvai sivaSeta // upadezadohAzataka, badhIcandajIkA mandira, jayapura, veSTana naM0 636, 18vA~ dohA / 4. banArasIvilAsa, adhyAtmapadapaMkti, 7vA~ pada |

Page #48
hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi yahA~ kavi pApake kSayase jisa puNyake udayakI kalpanA kara rahA hai, vaha putrapautrAdika, dhana-sampatti aura rogakSayase adhika sambandhita hai| hindIke kavi pa0 daulatarAmane kevala itanA hI kahA ki bhagavAna ke darzanase jisa divya AnandakI anubhUti hotI hai, usake samakSa sAMsArika sukhajanya Ananda to atyadhika gauNa hai / bhaktise aMgoMkI sArthakatA 'bhakti'me samarpaNakA bhAva pradhAna hotA hai| bhakta apane jIvanako tabhI sArthaka mAnatA hai, jaba vaha bhagavAnke caraNoMpara samUcA car3ha jAye / caraNoMpara car3ha jAnekA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki bhakta apanI bali de de / Age calakara tAntrika sampradAyame baliko bhaktike rUpame svIkAra kiyA gyaa| yaha samarpaNavAle pahalakI vikRta vyAkhyA thii| yadyapi tAntrika sampradAyakA prabhAva jaina deviyoMpara dikhAI detA hai, kintu vaha bali aura mAsa-bhakSaNa taka nahIM pahuMca pAyA hai| ata. jaina bhakta kaviyone apaneko samarpita to kiyA, kintu balike rUpameM nhiiN| jaina bhaktake samarpaName eka nirAlA saundarya thaa| usane apane pratyeka aMgakI sArthakatA tabhI mAnI jaba vaha jinendra kI bhaktime tallIna ho / AcArya samantabhadrane 'stutividyA' me likhA hai, "prajJA vahI hai, jo tumhArA smaraNa kare, zira vahI hai, jo tumhAre pairoMpara vinata ho, janma vahI hai, jisame Apake pAda-padmakA Azraya liyA gayA ho, Apake matameM anurakta honA hI mAMgalya hai, vANI vahI hai, jo ApakI stuti kare aura vidvAn vaha hI hai, jo Apake samakSa jhukA rhe|" vappabhaTTa sUrine bhI 'jinastavanam' me likhA hai, "ve A~kheM nahIM jo ApakA darzana nahI karatIM, vaha citta nahI jo ApakA smaraNa nahIM karatA, vaha vANI nahIM jo Apake guNoko nahIM gAtI aura prajJA sA smaratIti yA tava zirastadyannataM te pade janmAdaH saphalaM paraM bhavabhidI yatrAzrite te pade / mAGgalyaM ca sa yo ratastava mate gIH saiva yA tvA stute te jJA yA praNatA janAH kramayuge devAdhidevasya te // stutividyA, 113vA~ shlok| na tAni cakSuSi na yanirIkSyase na tAni cetAMsi na yavicintyase / na tA giro yA na vadanti te guNAnna te guNA ye na bhvntmaashritaaH|| jainastotrasandoha, zAntAveSAparAbhidhAnaM sAdhAraNajinastavanam , 6ThA zloka / 2.

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21 jaina bhakti : pravRttiyA~ ve guNa nahI jo Apake sahAre na Tike hoN|" yazovijayane 'pArzvanAthastotra' meM, zrI dharmasUrine 'zrIpArzvajinastavanam' me aura AnandamANikya gaNine 'pArzvanAthastotra' me inhI vicAroko prakaTa kiyA hai| hindI kaviyoMne bhI isa sarasa paramparAko apanAyA / kavi dyAnatarAyakA eka pada isa prakAra hai, "re jiya janama lAho leha / carana te jina bhavana pahu~cai, dAna deM kara jeha // 1 // ura soI jAmaiM dayA hai, aru rudhira ko geha / joma so jinanAma gAce, sA~ca so karai neha // 2 // A~kha te jinarAja dekheM aura A~kheM kheha / zravana te jina vacana suni zubha tapa tapai so deha // 3 // saphala tana iha mA~ti hai hai, aura bhA~ti na keha / hai sukhI mana rAma dhyAvo, kahaiM sadguru yeha // 4 // " kavi manarAmake 'manarAma-vilAsa'me bhI aise hI eka padakI racanA huI hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki ve hI netra saphala hai, jo niraMjanakA darzana karate hai| sIsa tabhI sArthaka hai, jaba jinendrake samakSa jhuke| unhI zravaNoMkI sArthakatA hai, jo jinendrake siddhAntako munate hai| jinendrake nAmako japaneme hI mukhako zobhA hai| uttama hRdaya vahI hai, jisame dharma basatA hai| hAthoMkI saphalatA prabhuko prApta karaneme hI hai| caraNa tabhI sArthaka hai, jaba ve paramArthake pathapara daur3ate hai| "naina saphala nira] ju niraMjana, sIsa saphala nami Isara jhAvahi / zravana suphala jihi sunata siddhAntahi, muSaja saphala japie jina nAMvahi / hirdo saphala jihi dharma basai dhruva, karana suphala punyahi prabhu pAvahi / carana saphala 'manarAma' vahai, gani je paramAratha ke patha dhAvahi // " bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsake 'paMcendriya saMvAda' me pratyeka indriyane apanI prazaMsA yaha kahakara hI kI hai ki mere-dvArA jaisI bhagavadbhakti sampanna ho sakatI hai, anyase nhii| eka sthAnapara jIbhane kahA, "jImahi te japata rahai, jagata jIva jina nAma / jasu prasAda teM sukha lahai, pAvai uttama ThAma // " isI bhAMti A~khakA kathana hai ki A~khase jinendra bimba aura pratimA dekhe binA isa jIvakA kalyANa sambhava nahIM hai / sArAMza yaha hai ki 'paMcendriya saMvAda' meM pratyeka indriyakI sArthakatA bhagava 1. dyAnatapada saMgraha, kalakattA, vaoN pada, pR04| 2. manarAma vilAsa, mandira TholiyAna, jayapura, veSTana naM0 365, 60vaoN padya /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi dbhaktimeM hI mAno gayI hai / jagarAma, jodharAja, vinayavijaya, devAbrahma aura rUpacandake padomeM bhI yaha hI bAta hai| bhaktike lie manako cetAvanI kabIra Adi nirguniye santoko sAkhiyoM aura padome 'cetAvaNI ko aMga' pramukha hai / isa aMgame mana yA cetanako saMsArake mAyA-mohase sAvadhAna kiyA gayA hai| usakA tAtparya yaha hI hai ki yaha mana saMsArake jAlame phaMsA hai| use cAhie ki vahA~se nikalakara brahmako bhaktimeM tallIna ho| cetAvanIvAlI bAta jaina aura bauddha-sAhityame adhika milatI hai, kyoMki ye donoM hI dharma viraktipradhAna hai / vaise to jaina prAkRta, saMskRta aura apabhraMza bhaktiparaka kAvyameM vairAgyakA svara hI prabala hai, kintu uname cetanako sambodhana kara race gaye hindI ke pada-sAhityajaisA lAlitya nahIM hai / bauddhoMke siddha sAhityame bhI nahIM hai| ___ kavi bhUdharadAsa apane padoke prasAdaguNake lie prasiddha hai / mana, jIva yA cetanako sambodhana kara likhe gaye unake pada atyadhika sarasa hai / eka padame unhoMne likhA hai, "yaha saMsAra rainakA sapanA hai, tana aura dhana pAnIke bulabuleke samAna haiN| yauvanakA koI bharosA nahIM, vaha agnimeM tRNake DherakI bhAMti jala jAyegA, dUsarI ora kAla kudAla liye sirapara khar3A hai, tU apane maname phUlA huA kyA samajha rahA hai| kandhepara kudAla rakhakara moharUpI pizAcane terI buddhiko kATa diyA hai| ataH he jIva ! durmatike sirapara dhUla DAlakara zrI rAjamatIvarakA bhajana kr|" 'bhaiyA' ke pada tejasvitAse samanvita hai| unhoMne aneka padyoMmeM cetanako karArI phaTakAra dI hai| unhoMne eka savaiyAme likhA hai, "are o cetana ! 1. bhagavanta bhajana kyoM bhUlA re| yaha saMsAra raina kA sapanA, tana dhana vAri babUlA re // isa jovana kA kauna bharosA, pAvaka me tRNa pUlA re / kAla kudAra liye sira ThAr3A, kyA samajhe mana phUlA re / / moha pizAca chalyo mati mAre, nija kara kaMdha vasUlA re / bhaja zrI rAjamatIvara bhUdhara, do duramati sira dhUlA re // bhUdharavilAsa, kalakattA, 16vaoN pada /

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jaina bhakti : pravRttiyA~ 23 anAdikAla vyatIta ho gayA, kyA tujhe aba bhI ceta nahIM huaa| cAra dinake lie ThAkura ho jAnese kyA tU gatiyoMme ghUmanA bhUla gayA hai| tU indriyoMke saMga kyA lagA huA hai| tU cetanahArA hokara bhI cetatA kyoM nahI ?" bhaiyAkI phaTakAroMkA anta nahIM hai| kahI to ve kahate hai, "he cetana ! terI mati kisane hara lI hai| tU apane parama padako kyo nahI smjhtaa|" kahI kahA, "he cetana ! una duHkhoMko bhUla gaye, jaba narakame par3e saMkaTa sahate the, aba mahArAja ho gaye ho|" antameM samajhAte hue kahA, "bhagavaMta bhajo su tajo paramAda, samAdhi ke saMga meM raMga rho| aho cetana tyAga parAi subuddhi, gaho nija zuddhi jyoM sukkha laho // " apane hI ghaTame base cidAnandako yaha cetana dekha nahIM pAtA / jaba dekhatA hI nahI to bhakti kaisI? kintu isakA kAraNa kyA hai ? kAraNa hai maayaa| jaina sAhityame mAyApara bahuta kucha likhA gayA hai| mAyAkA sambandha mohanIya karmase hai| ATha karmome mohanIya prabalatama mAnA gayA hai| mohake kAraNa hI yaha jIva bhaTakatA phiratA hai| moha aura mAyA paryAyavAcI zabda hai| kabIrane bhI mAyAko svIkAra kiyA hai| kabIrake ghaTame birAje rAmako na dekha pAneme bhI mAyA hI kAraNa hai| jaina kaviyone mAyAko 'ThaganI' kahA hai, kyoki vaha samUce saMsArako Thagakara khA jAtI hai| jo isapara vizvAsa karatA hai, vaha mUrkha pIchese pachatAtA hai| kabIrane mAyAko mahAThaganI kahA hai, kyoki usake jAlase brahmA, viSNu aura maheza bhI baca nahIM sake hai| isa mAyAse bacAne ke lie devAbrahmane eka 1. kevala rUpa virAjata cetana, tAhi viloki are matavAre / kAla anAdi vitIta bhayo, ajahU~ tohi ceta na hota kahA re // bhUli gayo gati ko phirabo, aba to dina cyAri bhaye tthkuraare| lAgi kahA rahyo akSani ke saMga, cetata kyo nahiM cetana hAre / brahmavilAsa, zataaSTottarI, 50vaoN padya, pR0 16 / / 2. brahmavilAsa, paramArthapada paMkti, 20vaoN aura 21vaoN pada, pR0 116 / 3. brahmavilAsa, zataaSTottarI, 102vaoN padya, pR0 31 / 4. suna ThaganI mAyA, taiM saba jaga Thaga khaayaa| Tuka vizvAsa kiyA jina terA so mUrakha pichatAyA // bhUdharadAsa, bhUdharavilAsa, vaoN pada, pR0 5 / 5. mAyA mahAThaganI hama jaanii| tiraguna phA~si liye kara Dola, bolai madhurI baanii|| kabIra, sabada, santasudhAsAra, viyogI hari sampAdita, dillI, pR0 101 /

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hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi padame likhA hai ki jaise bAdIgarakA bandara, bAdIgarake kahane para bAramvAra nAcatA hai, vaise hI yaha jIva mAyAke Adezapara nRtya karatA hai / kavi rUpacandane 'adhyAtma savaiyA' meM kahA hai ki he mUDha jIva ! mahAmAyA ke vazIbhUta hokara tU brahmake sammukha gamana nahI kara pAtA / mahAtmA Anandaghanane 'AnandaghanabahattarI' me likhA hai ki he cetana ! tuma mAyAke basame ho gaye ho, ataH apane hI hRdayameM virAjamAna samatArUpI Anandako prApta nahIM krte| dyAnatarAyane mAyAmamatAse pIchA chur3Akara isa bAvare manako arihaMtakA smaraNa karane ke lie kahA hai, 24 "arahaMta sumara mana bAvare / khyAti lAbha pUjA taji bhAI, antara prabhu lau lAva re // yuvatI tana dhana suta mita parijana, gaja turaMga ratha cAtra re / yaha saMsAra supana kI mAyA, A~kha mIMca dikharAva re // dhyAya- dhyAya re aba hai dAva re, nAhIM maMgala gAva re / dhAnata bahuta kahA~ lauM kahie, phera na kachU upAva re // " bAvanI aura zataka AdimeM jaina bhakti madhyakAlIna hindIke jaina bhakta kaviyone bAvanI, zataka, battIsI aura chattIsI Adi rUpoMmeM apane bhAva abhivyakta kiye haiM / jainoMke saMskRta- prAkRta sAhitya meM aisI racanAe~ upalabdha nahI haiM / ajaina hindI kaviyoM meM bhI inakA praNayana alpa hI huA hai / bArahakhar3Ike akSaroMko lekara sImita padyome kAvya-racanA karanA hindIke jaina kaviyoMkI apanI vizeSatA hai / pa0 daulatarAmakA likhA huA 'adhyAtma bArahakhar3I' nAmakA eka bRhad kAvya grantha, di0 jaina mandira bar3otake prAcIna zAstra bhaNDArame upalabdha huA hai / yaha grantha ATha adhyAyome vibhakta hai / isameM lagabhaga ATha hajAra padya hai / bArahakhar3I ke pratyeka akSarako lekara likhA gayA itanA bar3A muktaka kAvya jaina hindIko ananya dena hai / bArahakhar3ImeM bAvana akSara hote haiM / adhikAza rUpame pratyeka akSarako lekara eka-eka padyakI racanA kara 1. mahAvIrajI zratizayakSetrakA eka prAcIna guTakA, 'mohaphaMdabasi nAcIyo' pada dekhie / 2. " mUDha mahAmAyAmaI ko na brahma sanamukha gamana", adhyAtmasavaiyA, mandira badhI - canda, jayapurakI hastalikhita prati vA padya / 3. AnandaghanabahattarI, paramazrutaprabhAvakamaNDala, bambaI, 12vA~ pada |

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jaina bhaktiH pravRttiyA~ 25 bAvaniyoMkA nirmANa hotA rahA hai| jaina hindI-kaviyoMne unakA adhikAdhika nirmANa kiyaa| uname bhaktiparaka anupama bhAva sannihita hai |udyraaj jatIkI 'guNabAvanI', hIrAnanda mukImakI 'adhyAtmabAvanI', pANDe hemarAjako 'hitopadezabAvanI', paM0 manoharadAsako 'cintAmaNi mAnabAvanI', jinaharSakI 'jasarAjabAvanI', jinaraMgasUrikI 'prabodhabAvanI', lakSmIballabhakI 'dUhAbAvanI' aura 'savaiyAbAvanI', kizanasiMha kI 'bAvanI', nihAlacandakI 'brahmabAvanI' aura bhavAnIdAsako hitopadeza bAvanI', bAvanI sAhityakI mahattvapUrNa kRtiyAM hai| hemarAjakI 'makSarabAvanI" kA eka padya isa prakAra hai, "ujjvala niramala citta prabhu nitya seva re / dhyAiye zukala dhyAna pAmIye kevaka gyAna caraNa kamala namita jI ahameva re // hIzrA kI kumati hari jIva meM sumati dhari pUjiye ja suddha bhAva bhagavaMta deva re / zreNika rAvaNa jANa pUjiye ja bhagavAna pUjAgha kI jina pada lahyo tataSeva re // hemarAja bhaNaI muni suNo sajana jana mana mero umagyo hai jiNa guNa gAyabo // 10 // " jaina hindI kAvyameM 'zataka' kA pracalana kama thaa| 100 padyoMkI racanAko zataka kahate hai / padya 100 se kucha kama bar3ha bhI ho sakate the| pANDe rUpacandakA 'paramArthI dohAzataka' aura bhavAnIdAsake 'phuTakara zataka'kA ullekha isa granthame hai| bhaiyAke 'paramAtmazataka' me bhAvagAmbhIryake sAtha zabdAlaMkAroMkA saundarya bhI upalabdha hai| yamaka aura zleSakA khUba prayoga huA hai| pANDe hemarAjakA 'upadeza dohAzataka' dIvAna badhIcandajIke mandira ( jayapura ) ke zAstrabhaNDArame upalabdha huA hai / bhavAnIdAsakA 'phuTakara zataka' banArasake rAmaghATake eka prAcIna jainamandirameM milA hai| bahattariyAM to zatakose bhI kama racI gyiiN| samUce jaina hindI kAvyameM AnandaghanakI 'Anandadhana-bahattarI' aura zrI jinaraMgasUrikI 'raMgabahattarI' hI bahattarIke nAmase racI gayI hai| anya kRtiyAM bhI ho sakatI hai / kintu ve abhItaka bhaNDAroMkI khojakA viSaya hai| AnandaghanabahattarImeM bhakti aura adhyAtmakA samanvaya hai| usake padya bhAvavibhoratA aura sarasatAke lie prasiddha 1. hemarAjakI akSarabAvanIkI hastalikhita prati bar3e jaina mandira, jayapurameM maujUda hai|

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi haiN| 'raMgabahattarI' meM bhI cetanako bhagavAnkI ora unmukha honekI bAta kahI gayI hai| kavi dyAnatarAya aura bihArIdAsako do kRtiyAM aisI hai, jinameM kevala 50 padya hai| unake nAma kramazaH 'adhyAtma-paMcAsikA' aura 'sambodha-paMcAsikA' hai| hindI ke jaina kaviyoMkI sarvAdhika kRtiyAM battIsI, chattIsI aura paccIsiyoMke nAmase racI gyiiN| prAyaH inakA nirmANa vyaMjanAkSaroko AdhAra mAnakara kiyA gayA hai| banArasIdAsako 'dhyAnabattIsI' aura 'adhyAtmabattIsI', manarAmakI 'akSarabattIsI', acalakItikI 'karmabattIsI', lakSmIballabhakI 'cetanabattIsI' aura 'upadezabattIsI', bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsako 'akSarabattIsI', bhavAnIdAsa tathA ajayarAjako 'kakkAbattIsI' iname vyaMjanAkSaroke AdhAravAlI hI bAta hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsane to 'manabattIsI', 'svapnabattIsI' aura 'sUAbattIsI' nAmakI anya battIsiyAM bhI likhI hai / chattIsiyokI racanA bhI paryApta huI hai| kuzalalAbhako 'sthUlabhadrachattIsI', sahajakIttikI 'prAtichattIsI', udayarAja jatIkI 'bhajana chattIsI', jinaharSakI 'upadezachattIso', bhavAnIdAsako 'saradhAchattIsI' aura banArasIdAsakI 'karmachattIsI' prasiddha kRtiyAM hai / paccIsIme kevala paccIsa padya hote hai / dyAnatarAyako 'dharmapaccIso', vinodIlAlakI 'rAjulapaccIsI' aura 'phUla-mAlapaccIsI' tathA banArasIdAsakI 'zivapaccIsI' paccIsI kAvyakI ujjvala maNiyAM hai| paccIsiyokI racanAme 'bhaiyA' kA nAma sarvaprathama AtA hai| unhoMne 'puNyapacIsikA', 'anityapacIsikA', 'jinadharmapacIsikA', 'samyavatvapacIsikA', 'vairAgyapacIsikA', 'nATakapaccIsI', . 'IzvaranirNayapaccIsI', 'kartA-akartA paccIsI' aura 'dRSTAntapaccIso' kI racanA kI hai| ye saba 'brahmavilAsa'me saMkalita hai| rUpakoMmeM bhakti hindIkA madhyakAla rUpakoMkA yuga thaa| kabora aura sUradAsa donoM hI ne apane bhaktiparaka bhAva rUpakoke mAdhyamase hI abhivyakta kiye hai| kabIrapara bhale hI sUphI prabhAva ho, kintu unhoMne premake rUpakoMme bhAratIya paramparAko hI apanAyA hai / kabIrane patnIkI patike lie becainI prakaTa kI hai, patikI patnIke lie nahIM / bhagavadviSayaka anurAgako lekara hindIke jaina kavi premarUpakoMkI racanA karate rahe haiN| unakA vivecana isI granthake tIsare adhyAyameM kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ sumatirUpI patnIkA cetanarUpI patike lie becainIkA bhAva prakaTa huA hai|

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jaina bhakti : pravRttiyA~ eka bhI sthAna aisA nahIM hai, jahA~ patiko patnIke lie vyAkula dikhAyA gayA ho| sUradAsa Adi saguNadhArAke bhakta kaviyoMke sahasroM padoMme-se kisI-kisIme pRthak-pRthak to rUpaka haiM, kintu unakI koI aisI samUcI racanA nahIM, jo rUpaka saMjJAse abhihita hotI ho| jaina kaviyoMkI aneka kRtiyA~ samUce rUpame 'rUpaka' hai / uname pANDe jinadAsakA 'mAlIrAso', udayarAja jatIkA 'vaidyavirahiNI prabandha', kavi sundaradAsakA 'dharmasahelI', pANDe rUpacandakA 'khaTolanA gIta', harSakIrtikA 'karmahiNDolanA', banArasIdAsakA 'mAjhA', ajayarAjakA 'carakhAca upaI' evaM 'zivaramaNI vivAha' aura bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsakA 'sUAbattosI' aura 'cetanakarmacaritra' prasiddha rUpaka kAvya hai| kavi banArasIdAsakA 'nATakasamayasAra' eka uttama rUpaka hai / usame sAta tattva abhinaya karate hai / jIva nAyaka aura ajIva pratinAyaka hai / aimI sarasa kRti hindIke bhakti-kAvyako eka anUThI dena hai| sUrasAgarako bhAMti jaina kaviyoke padome se eka-ekame bhI 'rUpaka' sannihita hai / bhUdharadAsake "merA mana sUvA, jina pada pIjare vasi, yAra lAva na vAra re", "jagata jana jUvA hAri cale", "carakhA calatA nAhI, carakhA huA purAnA", dyAnatarAyake "parama guru barasata jJAna jharI", "jJAna sarovara soI ho bhavijana", bhaiyAke "kAyA nagarI jIvanRpa, aSTakarma atijora" meM rUsakokA saundarya hai| jaina kaviyoMke rUpaka adhikAMzatayA prakRtise liye gaye hai| ataH iname saundarya hai aura zivatva bhii| ve nirgunie santokI bhAMti kalAhIna bhI nahI hai / devAbrahmake eka padame cetana aura sumatikI holose sambandhita eka rUpaka dekhie', "cetana sumati sakhI mila, donoM khelo prItama horI ||ttek|| samakita brata kau cauka vaNAvau, samatA nIra bharAvau jii| krodha mAna kI karo poTalI, to mithyA doSa bhagA jI // 1 // gyAna dhyAna kI lyo picakArI, to khoTA bhAva chur3Avo jii| ATha karama ko cUraNa karikai, mai kumati gulAla ur3Avo jI // 2 // jIva dayA kA gIta rAga suNi, saMjama bhAva ba~dhAvo jI / bAjA satya vacana the bolo, to kevala vAMNI gAvo jI // 3 // dAna sIla to mevA kI jyauM, tapasyA karo miThAI jii| 'devAbrahma' yA rati pAI chai, tau mana baca kAyA jor3I jI // 4 // " 1 devAbrahma, pada, badhIcandajIkA mandira, jayapura, padasaMgraha, 463, patra 28voN|

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi jaina bhaktike vizAla stambha : prabandha kAvya hindIke jaina kaviyone aneka mahAkAvyokA nirmANa kiyA hai| uname jinendra athavA unake bhaktoMkI bhakti hI mukhya hai| jaina apabhraMzake mahAkAvyoMse prabhAvita hote hue bhI hindIke jaina bhakti-kAvyoMme kucha apanI vizeSatAe~ bhI hai| apabhraMzake mahAkAvya spaSTa rUpase do bhAgome vibhakta kiye jA sakate hai / svayambhUkA 'paumacariu', puSpadantakA 'mahApurANa', vIra kavikA 'jambUsvAmIcariu' aura haribhadrakA 'NemiNAhacariu' paurANika zailIme tathA dhanapAla dhakkar3akI 'bhavisayatta kahA', puSpadantakA 'NAyakumAracariu' aura nayanandikA 'sudaMsaNacariu' romAcaka zailIme likhe gaye hai / yadyapi romAMcaka zailIke mahAkAvyoMkA bhI mUlasvara bhaktiparaka hI hai, kintu uname yuddha aura premakA abhiniveza bhI gauNa nahIM hai / hindIke jaina mahAkAvyoMme paurANika aura romAMcaka zailIkA samanvaya huA hai| sadhArukA 'pradyumnacaritra', IzvarasUrikA 'lalitAMgacarita', brahmarAyamallakA 'sudarzanarAsa', kavi parimallakA 'zrIpAlacaritta', mAlakavikA 'bhojaprabandha', lAlacanda labdhodayakA 'padminIcarita', rAmacandrakA 'sItAcarita' aura bhUdharadAsakA 'pArzvapurANa' aise hI mahAkAvya hai / iname 'padminIcarita' kI jAyasIke 'padmAvata' se aura 'sotAcarita' kI tulasIke 'rAmacaritamAnasa' se tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| avaziSTa mahAkAvyoMme bhI kathAke sAtha bhaktikA svara hI prabala hai| jaina mahAkAvyoMkI dUsarI vizeSatA hai bIca-bIcame muktaka stutiyokI rcnaa| yadi mahAkAvya tIrthakarake jIvana-caritase sambaddha hotA hai, to paMcakalyANakoMke avasarapara stutiyoMkA nirmANa hotA hI hai| apabhraMzakI apekSA hindIke mahAkAvyoMmeM ina stutiyoMkI racanA adhika huI hai / bhUdharadAsake 'pArzvapurANa' meM dasa stutiyAM haiM / ThIka prasaMgapara nibaddha honeke kAraNa unakA sahaja saundarya kathArkI rocakatAkA sahArA pAkara aura bhI bar3ha jAtA hai| tIsarI vizeSatA hai ina mahAkAvyoMkA antima adhyAya, jisameM nAyakake kevalajJAna prApta karanekA bhAvapUrNa vivecana hotA hai| yahAM nAyakako AtmAke paramAtmarUpa honekI bAta kahI jAtI hai| isIko jIvAtmAkA paramAtmAke sAtha tAdAtmya honA kahate haiM / usa samaya antaH aura bAhya AnandakI sRSTiko paryApta avasara milatA hai / arthAt kaviko bhAvukatA mukhara ho uThatI hai| usa samaya kavike mukhase jo kucha nikalatA hai, vaha AtmAke paramAtmarUpakI upAsanA

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jaina bhakti : pravRttiyA~ 29 hI hotI hai| isa bhA~ti jaina mahAkAvya saguNa : sakala aura nirguNa : niSkala kI bhaktike rUpameM hI race gaye hai| hindIke jaina khaNDakAvya adhikAMzatayA neminAtha aura rAjImatIkI kathAse sambaddha haiN| yadyapi neminAtha vivAhake toraNadvArase binA vivAha kiye hI vairAgya lekara tapa karane cale gaye the, kintu rAjImatIne unhIko apanA pati mAnA aura unake virahameM vidagdha rahane lgii| ataH unake jIvanase sambandhita khaNDakAvyoMme prema-nirvAhako paryApta avasara milA hai| unheM lekara jainakavi premapUrNa sAttvikI bhAvokI anubhUti karate rahe hai / isa dRSTise ye kAvya romAMcaka kahe jA sakate hai, kintu uname yuddhavAlI bAta nahI hai / hindIke neminAthaparaka khaNDakAvyomeM rAjazekharasUrikA 'neminAthaphAgu', somasundarasUrikA 'neminAthanavarasaphAgu', kavi ThakurasIkI 'nemIsurakI beli', vinodIlAlakA 'neminAtha vivAha', manaraMgako 'nemicandrikA', brahmarAyamallakA 'namIzvararAsa' aura ajayarAja pATaNIkA 'neminAthacarita' prasiddha kAvya-racanAeM hai / hindIme harivaMzapurANa bhI hai, jinameM nemIzvara aura unake bhAI vAsudeva kRSNakA samUcA jIvana varNita hai| harivaMzapurANoMkI paramparA bahuta purAnI hai| hindIke harivaMzapurANa saMskRta-apabhraMzake anuvAda-bhara hai| uname koI maulikatA nahIM hai| kintu sAtha hI yaha bhI saca hai ki hindIke khaNDakAvyoM-jaisI sarasatA aura sundaratA saskRta aura apabhraMzame nahI hai| jaina bhaktikI zAntiparakatA kavi banArasIdAsane 'zAnta' ko rasarAja kahA hai| unakA yaha kathana jainoMke 'ahiMsA' siddhAntake anukUla hI hai| jaina bhakti pUrNarUpase ahiMsaka hai| janetara bhaktime hiMsAkI bAta kahIse bhI Arambha huI ho kintu thI avazya / vaidika yAjJika apane devatAoMko prasanna karaneke lie bali diyA karate the| zakti-pUjAke sAtha hiMsAkI bAta aura bhI bddh'ii| somanAthake zaktike mandirame bhAdrapadakI amAvasakI rAtame ekaso solaha kuMArI sundarI kanyAoMkI balikI bAta prasiddha hI hai| tAntrika-yugame ahiMsaka bauddha bhI mAMsa, madirA aura sundarIse nirvANa-prApti mAna uThe the| jaina deviyAM tAntrika-yugase prabhAvita 1. 'navamo zAta ramaniko nAyaka', nATakasaimayasAra, bambaI, 10 / 133, pR0 361 /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi avazya hai, kintu bAta mAMsa aura madirA taka nahIM bar3ha sakI hai| jaina apabhraMzake 'dohApAhuDa' Adi granthoMme tAntrika-yugake katipaya zabda pAye jAte hai, phira bhI jainabhakti, cAhe vaha paMcaparameSThIse sambandhita ho, cAhe yakSa Adi devatAoMse athavA padmAvatI Adi deviyose, hiMsAse yatkicit bhI kabhI bhI prabhAvita nahI huii| jaina mandira aura anya bhakti-sthala sadaiva ahiMsAke nidarzana bane rhe| hindIke jainabhaktiparaka kAvyame tAntrika zabdoMkA abhAva to hai hI, hindIke kaviyoMne mantrAdhiSThAtrI padmAvatI Adi deviyoMkI vandanA bhI alpAdapialpa ho kI hai| jaina hindIke sabhI prabandha kAvyoMkA prArambha sarasvatIkI vandanAse huA hai| sarasvatI hI unakI iSTadevI hai| muktaka kAvyoMmeM bhI sarasvatIkI pRthak stutiyAM racI gayI hai / sarasvatI devIko jaina kaviyoMne zAntarasako pratIkake rUpameM hI prastuta kiyA hai| banArasIdAsako sarasvatIkI stuti-vandanAkA eka padya isa prakAra hai, "samAdhAna rUpA anUpA achadrA, anekAntadhA syAdvAdAmudrA / tridhA saptadhA dvAdazAGgI bakhAnI, namo devi vAgIzvarI jainavAnI // akopA amAnA adammA alomA, zratajJAnarUpI matijJAnazobhA / mahApAvanI bhAvanA bhavyamAnI, namo devi vAgIzvarI jainavAnI // " bhaktike kSetrameM azAntikA dUsarA kAraNa hai vilaasitaa| jaina sAhityakArone vilAsakA sambandha bhaktise nahIM jodd'aa| jaina-sAhityameM koI maMgalAcaraNa aimA nahI, jinameM jaganmAtAoMke suhAgarAtoMkA varNana ho| 'gItagovinda'kI rAdhA aura 'riTThaNemicariu' kI rAjulameM bRhadantara hai / neminAtha aura rAjulase sambandhita sabhI jaina kAvya viraha-kAvya hai| unameM rAjulake virahakA varNana hai| rAjula virahiNI thI usa patikI, jo sadAke lie vairAgya dhAraNa kara tapa karane girinArapara calA gayA thaa| ataH usakA viraha kAmakA paryAyavAcI nahI thA / usameM vilAsitAko gandha bhI nahIM hai| neminAtha aura rAjulako lekara likhe gaye maMgalAcaraNa sAttvikatAse ho saMyukta hai| dUsarI ora 'gItagovinda' kI rAdhAkI mukhara vilAsitAko ravIndranAtha ThAkurane bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| gItagovindane bhaktikAvyoMme saste zrRMgArako sthAna dilaayaa| hindIke kavi vidyApatikI rAdhA bhaktike sthAnapara vilAsitAkI hI pratIka hai| usapara gItagovindakA spaSTa prabhAva hai| hindIke jaina mahAkAvyome sItA, aMjanA aura 1. banArasIdAsa, zAradASTaka, 5-6 padya, banArasIvilAsa, jayapura, pR0 166 /

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jaina bhakti : pravRttiyA~ 31 rAjulakA saundarya hai, unakA prema aura viraha bhI, kintu saba kucha zolake aise tAgemeM baMdhA hai, jise azlIlatA kabhI tor3a hI nahI sakI / jahA~taka muktaka kAvyoMkI dAmpatyaratikA sambandha hai, vaha cetana aura sumatike bIcameM ho calatI rahI / arthAt hindIke jaina kaviyoMne dAmpatyaratikA sambandha bhautika kSetrase jor3A hI nahI / saba kucha AdhyAtmika hI rhaa| use prakaTa karane ke lie jina rUpakoMkI racanA huI, uname bhI vilAsitAko sthAna na milA / upamA aura utprekSAe~ bhI mAMsala premake kSetrase na DhU~DhI gayIM / azAntikA tIsarA kAraNa hai rAga rAga mohako kahate hai / jaina loga mohanIya karmako sabase bar3A mAnate hai / use kATaneme sabase adhika samaya lagatA hai| usake kaTa jAne para yaha jIva parama zAntikA anubhava karatA hai / jaina loga vItarAgakI upAsanA karate hai| vItarAgI kI bhaktise hI samUcA jaina sAhitya bharA par3A hai / jaina hindI kAvya meM to sabase adhika rAga chor3ane kI bAta kahI gayI hai| vItarAgI prabhupara bhI bhakta isIlie rIjhA hai ki vaha rAgako jItakara hI prabhu bane hai / jaina bhakta kavi anya devokI upAsanA isIlie nahI kara sakA ki 1 "dekhe dekhe jagata ke deva, rAga risa sauM bhare / 'ke saMga kAmini koU AyudhavAna khare // " kAhU dyAnatarAyane bhI aise hI vItarAgI bhagavAnko prazaMsA karate hue kahA hai ki hamane tInoM bhavanoko chAna DAlA hai, Apake samAna koI nahIM dekhA / Apa svayaM tare aura saMsAra ke jIvoko tArA, mamatA dhAraNa nahIM kI / aura deva rAgI, dveSI athavA mAnI haiM, tuma rAjulako chor3akara vItarAgI bane ho, 2 "tuma samAna kou deva na dekhyA, tIna bhavana chAnI / Apa tare bhavajIvani tAre, mamatA nahiM bhanI // aura deva saba rAgI dveSI, kAmI kai mAnI / tuma ho vItarAga akaSAyI, taji rAjula rAnI // " 1. bhUdharadAsa, bhUdharavilAsa, kalakattA, 25vaoN pada, pR0 14 / 2. dyAnatarAya, dhAnatapada saMgraha, kalakattA, 28vaoN pada, pR0 12 /

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:2: jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 1. rAjazekharasUri ( vi0 saM0 1405) rAjazekharasUrikA janma praznavAhana nAmake kulame huA thaa| ve zrI tilakasUrike ziSya the| zrI tilakasUri abhayadevasUrikI paramparAmeM hue haiN| abhayadeva nAmake sAta sUrivara bhinna-bhinna gacchoMmeM ho cuke haiN| prastuta abhayadeva harSapurIya gacchake sUri the, inakA samaya bArahavIM zatAbdIkA pUrvArdha mAnA jAtA hai|' zrI rAjazekhara bhI koTikagaNakI zrImadhyama zAkhAke harSapurIyagacchase sambandhita the| unakA viruda maladhArI thaa| zrI rAjazekharasUrine 'prabandhakoza' kI racanA jyeSTha zuklA saptamI vi0 saM0 1405 meM, dillImeM rahakara kI thii| 'prabandhakoza' saMskRta gadyakA mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| isake uparAnta hI unhoMne zrIdharakI 'nyAyakandalI' para eka paMjikAkI racanA kii| unake 'vinodakathAsaMgraha' meM aneka rasa-pada kathAoMkA saMkalana hai / 'neminAtha phAgu' unako eka prasiddha hindI kRti hai| 1. muni, caturavijaya sampAdita, jainastotra-sandoha, prathama bhAga, prastAvanA, pR0 21, ahamadAbAda, san 1932 I0 / 2. zrIpraznavAhanakule koTikanAmani gaNe jagadvidite / zromadhyamazAkhAyAM harSapurIyAbhidhe gacche // maladhAriviruda vidita zrI abhayopapada sUri santAne / zrotilakasUriziSyaH sUriH zrIrAjazekharo jayati / / rAjazekharasUri, prabandhakoza, pR0 131, zAntiniketana, vi0 saM0 1661 / 3. zaragaganamanumitAbde (1405) jyeSThAmUlIyadhavalasaptamyAm / niSpannamidaM zAstraM zrotradhyetroH sukhaM tanyAt / / vahI, pR0 131 / 4. mohanalAla dulIcanda desAI, jaina gurjarakavio, bhAga 1, pRSTha 13, pAdaTippaNI, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1982 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya neminAtha phAgu zrI mohanalAla dulIcanda dezAIne 'neminAtha phAgu'kA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1405 ke lagabhaga svIkAra kiyA hai| 'neminAtha phAgu' me 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha aura rAjulakI kathAkA kAvyamaya nirUpaNa huA hai / neminAtha kRSNake choTe bhAI the / jUnAgaDhake rAjA ugrasenakI kanyA rAjamatI ( rAjula ) ke sAtha unakA vivAha nizcita huA / bArAta gayI, kintu bhojya padArtha bananeke lie ekatrita kiye gaye pazuoMke karuNa krandana se dayArdra hokara unhone vairAgya le liyA / ve girinArapara tapa karane cale gaye / rAjulane dUsarA vivAha nahI kiyA aura neminAthake bhaktipUrNa viraha meM samUcA jIvana vyatIta kara diyA / 'neminAtha phAgu' 27 padyoMkA choTA-sA khaNDa-kAvya hai / isameM neminAthakI bhaktikI hI pradhAnatA hai / " dRzyoMko citrita karaneme kavi nipuNa pratIta hotA hai / vivAha ke lie sajI rAjulake citrame sajIvatA hai / rAjula campakakalIkI bhA~ti gorI hai, usake zarIrapara candanakA lepa hai / sImantame sindUrakI rekhA khicI hai| navaraMgI kuMkumakA tilaka bhAlapara virAjamAna hai / motiyoke kuNDala kAnoM meM suzobhita haiM / mukha kamala pAnakI lAlimAse racA hai| kaNThame hAra par3A hai / kaMcukIne kasA yauvana aura usapara par3I vikasita mAlA, hAthame kaMkaNa aura khanakatI maNikI cUr3iyoMmeM, jaise Aja bhI rAjulakA vivAhotsAha phUTA par3atA hai / usakI ghAgharIkA 'ruNujhuNu' aura pAyajebakI 'rimajhima' to Aja bhI kAnoMmeM par3a rahI hai / rAgase lAla huI usakI A~kheM, maname virAjita patiko dekha rahI haiN| 3 1. 2. 3. 33 vahIM, pR0 13 | siddhi jehi sai vara caria te titthayara namevI / phAgubaMdhi pahu nemi jiNu guNa gAesau kevI // 1 // rAjala devisauM siddhi gayau so deu thuNIjaI / malahArihi rAyasihara sUri kiu phAgu ramI jaI ||27|| kima kima rAjaladevi taNau siNagAru bhaNevau | caMpaigorI aidhoI aMgi caMdanu levau // khupu bharAviu jAi kusuma kastUrI sArI / sImaMta siMdUrareha motIsari sArI // navaraMga kuMkumi tilaya kiya rayaNa tilau tasu bhAle / motI kuMDala kani thiya vivAliya kara jAle //

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34 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi rAjulakI zobhA, 'rAdhAsudhAnidhi' meM varNita rAdhAko zobhAse bahuta kucha milatI-julatI hai| donoM hI upAsya buddhise cAlita hai / ' 2. sadhAru ( vi0 saM0 1411) 'so sadhAra paNamai sarasuti' ke anusAra kavikA nAma 'sadhAra' honA cAhie, kintu adhikAMza sthaloMpara 'sadhAra' upalabdha hotA hai; ataH yahI ThIka lagatA hai / sadhAra agravAla jAtime utpanna hue the| unake pitAkA nAma sAha mahArAja aura mAtAkA nAma sudhanu thA, jo guNavai (guNavatI) thii| ve eraccha nagarame rahate the| naratiya kajjalareha nayaNi muMha kamali tNbolo| nAgodara kaMThalau kaMThi anuhAra virolo // maragada jAdara kaMcuyau phuDa phullaha maalaa| kare kaMkaNa maNi-valau cUDa khalakAvai bAlA / / ruNujhuNu ruNujhuNu ruNuNae~ kaDi ghaaghriyaalii| rimajhimi rimajhimi rimajhimie~ payaneura juyalI // nahi alattau valavalau se aMsuya kimisi / __ aMkhaDiyAlI rAyamai piu jo ai manarasi // DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI, hindI sAhityakA AdikAla, pR013 paTanA, 1652 I0 1. vahI, pR0 12 / 2. agaravAlakI merI jAti, pura agaroe muhi utapAti / zrI di0 jainamandira badhIcandajI (jayapura ) ke granthabhaNDArakI prati, veSTana naM0 612,675vaoN pdy| 3. sudhaNu jaNaNi guNavai ura dhariu, sA mahArAja gharaha avatariu / eracha nagara vasaMte jAni, suNau carita mai raciu purANa // vahI, 676vA padya, sudhanuja jaNaNi guNavai ura dhariu, sAha mahArAja gharahaM avatariu / eyaracha nagavara saMta nagara vasaMte jANi, suNiu caritu maI raciu purANu // di. jainamandira seThakA kuMcA, dillI, zAstrabhaNDAra, vi0 saM0 1668 kI likhI huI prati, 708vaoN pdy|

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya pAThAntara bhedase eracchake nAma airacha, erichi, elaca, eyaraccha evaM erasa bhI milate haiN| mUla pratime eraccha diyA huA hai, jo ThIka pratIta hotA hai / DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAlane eraccha nagarako uttara pradezame aura zrI agaracanda nAhaTAne madhyapradezame mAnA hai| kintu 'erakaccha dasaNNesu' ke anusAra eraccha, dazArNa-bundelakhaNDame honA cAhie aura vahAM isa nAmakA eka kasbA Aja bhI hai| usame mauryakAla takake avazeSa milate hai|' vahA~ agravAla rahate the| sadhArakA 'pradyumnacaritra' eka mahattvapUrNa kRti hai / pradyumnacaritra isame zrIkRSNake putra pradyumnakA caritra varNita hai| pradyumna bhagavAn jinendrakA parama bhakta thA / jaina paramparAme ise kAmadevakA avatAra mAnA gayA hai| 'pradyumnacaritra'kA racanA-saMvat vivAdagrasta hai| jayapura, kAmA, dillI aura bArAbaMkIkI pratiyome vi0 saM0 1411 diyA hai / sindhiyA oriyaNTala insTITyUTa, ujjainakI pratime 1511, aura rIvAMke di0 jaina mandirakI pratime 1311 vi0 saM0 diyA huA hai| sabhImeM svAti nakSatra, zanivAra aMkita hai| kisIme bhAdavA sudI 9, kisIme bhAdavA paMcamI, kisIme bhAdavA badI 5, aura kisIme bhAdavA sudI 5 likhA hai| purAnI yantriyoMke AdhArapara, ina tithiyoMme svAti nakSatra, zanivArako nahIM baitthtaa| phira bhI adhika pratiyoMme vi0 saM0 1411 hI upalabdha hotA hai, ataH vahI mAnanA ucita lagatA hai| 'pradyumnacaritra' meM lagabhaga 700 padya haiM / ise 'paradavaNu caupaI' bhI kahate haiM / yaha eka mahAkAvya hai| kathAnakame sambandha-nirvAha pUrNa rUpase huA hai| prArambhame ho kavine bhaktipUrvaka zAradA, padmAvatI, ambikA, jvAlAmukhI, kSetrapAla aura caubIsa tIrthaMkaroMko namaskAra kiyA hai| ___ mAnavako mUla pravRttiyoMko aMkita karaneme, kavi nipuNa pratIta hotA hai| rukmiNI pradyumnakI mAM hai| bAhara gaye hue putrake Agamanake hetu mAMkA Atura honA svAbhAvika hI hai| nAradajIne pradyumnake Aneko bAta kahI hai| putra 1. brahmacArI zItalaprasAdajI, madhya-prAntake jaina smAraka, pRSTha 47 / 2. agaracanda nAhaTA, 'pradyumnacaritrakA racanA-kAla va racayitA', anekAnta, varSa 14, kiraNa 6 (janavarI 1657 ), pRSTha 170-172 / 3. zrI di. jainamandira badhIcandajI ( jayapura ) ke granthabhaNDArakI prati, veSTana naM. 612, padya 1-3 /

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36 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi Agamanake saMketa bhI mila gaye hai, kintu putra nahI aayaa| rukmiNo becaina hai / saca yaha hai ki putra A cukA hai, para rukmiNIko vidita nahI ho pAyA hai| mAMkI mamatA-siMcita bhAvanAoMko kavine citravat aMkita kiyA hai, "SaNa SaNa rUpiNi caDhai avAsa, SaNa SaNa so jovai copAsa / mosyo nArada kAu nirUta, Aja tohi ghara Avai pUta // je muni vayaNa kahe pamANa, te savaI pUre sahinANa / dhyAri Avate dIThe phale, aruAcala dIThe pIyare // sUkI vApI bharI sunIra, apaya jugala bhari Aye SIra / tau rUpiNi mana vibhau bhayau, ete brahmacAri tahA~ gyu|| namaskAra taba rUpiNi karai, dharama viradhi khUDA ucarai / kari Adaru so vinau karei, kaNaya sighAsaNu vaisaNa dehu // samAdhAna pUchaI samujhai, vaha bhUkhau-bhUkhau billaaii| sakhI bUlAi jaNAi sAra, jaivaNa karahu ma lAvahu vAra // jIvaNa karaNa uThI taMkhiNI, suirI mayaNa agnI thNbhiinnii| tAju na curai cUlhi dhuMdhAi, vAha bhUkhau-bhUkhau cilalAi // " isa mahAkAvyakA mUlasvara bhaktimaya hai| sthAna-sthAnapara bhaktike dRSTAnta upalabdha hote hai| eka bAra pradyumna kailAsa parvatapara jina-caityAlayokI vandanA karane gaye / unako jyoti ratnoMke samAna camakatI thI / pradyumnane unakI aSTadravyase pUjA kI aura vApasa cale aaye| tIrthakara neminAthako kevalajJAna utpanna huaa| unake samavasaraNameM surendra, munIndra, bhavanavAsI deva Aye / zrIkRSNa tathA haladhara bhI pahuMca gye| zrIkRSNane stuti Arambha kI : "he kAmako jItanevAle, tumhArI jaya ho| tumhArI sura, asura sevA karate haiM / he deva ! tumhArI jaya ho| duSTa karmoko kSaya karanevAle he deva ! tumhArI jaya ho / mere janma-janmake zaraNa, he jinendra ! tumhArI jaya ho| tumhAre 1. vahI, padya 384-386 / 2. phira cetAle vande gayaNa, tinhi jyoti dipai jimba rayaNa / aTThavidhi pUjau nhavaNu karAi, vAhuDi mayaNa dvArikA jAi / vahI, paya 660 /

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jaina makta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya prasAdase meM isa saMsAra-samudrase tira jAU~ tathA phira vApasa na aauuN|'' jaba pradyumnako kevalajJAna utpanna huA, to indrane stuti karate hue kahA, "he moharUpI andhakArako dUra karanevAle ! tumhArI jaya ho / he pradyumna ! tumhArI jaya ho, tumane saMsAra-jAlako tor3a DAlA hai|" aura bhI aneka dRSTAnta upalabdha haiM, jinake AdhArapara 'pradyumnacaritra'ko bhakti-sAhityakI eka mahattvapUrNa kRti mAnA jAnA caahie| 3. vinayaprabha upAdhyAya (vi0 saM0 1412) vinayaprabha kharataragacchake jaina sAdhu the| unake gurukA nAma dAdA jinakuzala sUri thaa| jinakuzalasUrikA svargavAsa vi0 saM0 1389 meM huA, taduparAnta unake paTTapara vinayaprabha hI adhiSThita hue| vinayaprabha vi0 saM0 1382 me jaina sAdhu ho cuke the| yaha mAnyatA ThIka nahIM lagatI ki ve vi0 saM0 1394 aura 1412 ke bIca kabhI, upAdhyAya padase vibhUSita kiye gaye; kyoki eka prAcIna paTTAvalIke bhAdhArapara yaha pramANita hai ki dAdA jinakuzalasUrine apane jIvanakAlame ho 1. devi payAhiNa kariu bahUta, phuNi mAdhava AraMbhiu thuti / jaya kaMdarpa khayaMkara deva, tai sura asura karAe seva // jaha kammaTTha dRDha khiukaraNa, jaya mahu janama-janama jinu srnnu| tuma pasAi hau dUtaru tirau, bhava saMsAri navAhuDi parau / / vahI, padya-666,667 / 2. thuNaha suresvara vANI pavara, jaya jaya mohatimira hara sUra / jaya kandrapa hau mati nAsu, jAi toDivi pAliu bhavapAsu // vahI, padya 662 / 3. mohanalAla dulIcaMda desAI, jainagurjara kavizro, prathama bhAga, pR0 16, paadttippnnii| 4. Ancient Jaina Hymns, Edited by Dr. Charlotte Krause, Scindia Oriental Series No 2, Ujjain, 1952, Renarks on the texts, pp. 10.

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi vinayaprabhako upAdhyAya padapara pratiSThita kiyA thaa|' 'gautamarAsA'ko prAcIna pratiyome, usake kartAkA nAma "vinayapaTa uvajhAya' diyA huA hai| isakA saMskRta rUpa 'vinayaprabha upAdhyAya' hI hai| mizrabandhuone bhI yahI nAma svIkAra kiyA hai| paM0 nAthUrAmajI premIko 15vIM zatAbdIke uttarArdhako likhI huI eka prati pATaNake bhaNDArame milI thI, usame 'gautamarAsA ke kartAkA nAma udayavanta diyA huA hai| zrI mohanalAla dulIcanda desAIne bhI vinayaprabhakA dUsarA nAma udayavanta mAnA hai| anumAnataH vinayaprabha sAdhu jIvanakA aura udayavanta gRhasthajIvanakA nAma hogaa| vinayaprabhakI kRtiyomeM 'gautamarAsA' ke atirikta 5 stutiyA~ aura hai, jinameM vividha tIrthaMkaroMkA guNakIrtana huA hai| pratyekame 19-29 ke lagabhaga padya hai| DaoN0 zAralaNTa krAujene 'sImandhara svAmi stavana'ko bhI, bhASAsAmyake AdhArapara unhIMkI kRti svIkAra kiyA hai| isa stavanake 20veM padyameM 'kammakaru viNayapara joDi kara vInaQ'se siddha hai ki 'viNayaparu' hI isake kartA the| "viNayaparu', 'vinayapahu' athavA 'vinayapaha'kA bigar3A huA rUpa hai / mizrabandhu-vinodame 'haMsavaccharAsa' aura 'zIlarAsa'ko bhI inhIMkI racanA batalAyA gayA hai| 1. "tathA zrI gurubhi (zrI jinakuzalasUribhiH) vinayaprabhAdiziSyebhya upAdhyAyapadaM dattaM yena vinayaprabhopAdhyAyena nidhanIbhUtasya nijabhrAtuH sampattisiddhyartha mantragabhitagautamarAso vihitaH tadguNanena svabhrAtA punardhanavAn jAtaH ityaadi|" murzidAbAdake neminAthake mandirake zAnabhaNDArameM prAcIna paTTAvalI, jainagurjara kavipro, prathama bhAga, pR0 16, pAdaTippaNI / 2. devaha dhuri arihaMta namInai, vinayapaha uvajhAya thuNIjai / ___ gautamarAsA, anta, padya 48, jainagurjara kavipro, prathama bhAga, pR0 16 / 3. mizrabandhu, mizrabandhu vinoda, prathama bhAga, pR0 212, lakhanaU, vi0 saM0 1983 / 4. paM0 nAthUrAma premI, hindI jaina-sAhityakA itihAsa, pR0 32, janavarI 1917 / 5. jainagurjara kavio, prathama bhAga, pR0 15 / 6. Ancient Jaina. Hymns, pp. 90-91 7. vahI, the texts, pp. 124. 8. mizrabandhu vinoda, prathama bhAga, pR0 212 /

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39 jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya gautamarAsA ___ 'gautamarAsA', gautama svAmIko bhaktime likhA gayA hai| gautama bhagavAn mahAvIrake pramukha gaNadhara the| unhe bhI mokSa prApta huA thaa| jaina paramparAmeM unakI pUjA aura stutikA bahuta pracalana rahA hai| saMskRta aura prAkRtakA vipula sAhitya unakI bhaktime racA gayA hai| 'gautamarAsA' prAcIna hindIkA grantha hai / isake anusAra gautama, magadha dezameM, gubbara nAmake gAMvake rahanevAle the| unake pitAkA nAma vasubhUti thA, jo vividha guNose yukta the| unakI mAtAkA nAma pRthvI thaa| ___gautama svAmIkA pUrA nAma indrabhUti gautama thaa| ve samUcI pRthvImeM prasiddha the| unheM caudaha vidyAeM upalabdha thiiN| ve vinaya, viveka, vicAra aura aneka manohara guNose yukta the| unakA zarIra sAta hAtha pramANa thaa| unakA rUpa rambhAkI bhAMti thaa| gautamake netra, vacana, hAtha aura caraNoMkI zobhAse parAjita hokara hI kamala jalame paiTha gaye the| unhoMne apane tejase harAkara tArAgaNa, candra aura sUryako AkAzame bhramAyA thaa| unhone apane rUpase kAmadevako anaMga karake nikAla diyA thaa| ve meruke samAna dhIra aura samudrako bhAMti gambhIra the| unakA caritra uttama thaa| zvetAmbara jaina sampradAyameM, 'gautamarAsA' kI bahuta prasiddhi hai| zrI mohanalAla dulIcanda desAIne usako 18 pratiyoMkA vivaraNa diyA hai| isase usakI lokapriyatA pramANita hai| DaoN0 krAujene usakI prazaMsA karate hue likhA hai, "usameM bhaktikA tIvratama bhAva, zailIkI nirAlI zAna aura pravAhakI madhura gati sanni. hita hai| 1. jaMbudIvi siribharahakhitti khoNItalamaMDaNu, magadhadesa seNiya naresa riu-dalabala khaMDaNu / ghaNavara gunvara nAma gAmu jahiM guNagaNasajjA, vappu vase vasubhUi tattha jasu puhavI bhajjA / / gautamarAsA, padya 2, hindI jaina-sAhityakA itihAsa, pR0 32 / 2. vahI, padya 3, 4 / 3. jainagurjara kavio, tIjo bhAga, pR0 416-417 / 4. Ancient Jaina Hymns, pp. 91.

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40 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi isakA nirmANa vi0 saM0 1412 me, khambhAtame huA thaa| prAcIna hindIke lalita kAvyoMme 'gautamarAsA'kA pramukha sthAna hai| sImandharasvAmIstavana ___isa stavanake anusAra somandhara svAmI, pUrvavidehake viharamANa bIsa tIrthaMkaroMmeM eka haiN| inakA janma puNDarIkinI nAmakI nagarIme, bharatakSetrako vigata caturvizatikAke 17veM tIrthaMkara kunthunAtha aura 18veM tIrthaMkara arahanAthake madhyakAlame huA thaa| unakA zAsana abhI cala rahA hai| ve bharatakSetrako AgAmI caturvizatikAke 7veM tIrthaMkara udayake samayame mokSa prApta kreNge| ___ stavanameM bhakti-bhAva pUrNarUpase vidyamAna hai| kavine likhA hai ki merugirike uttuMga zikhara, gaganake TimaTimAte tArAgaNa aura samudrakI taraMga-mAlikA, sImandhara svAmIke guNoMkA stavana karate hI rahate haiN| bhagavAnkA stavana, azubha karmose utpanna hue mala-paTalako galAnemeM pUrNarUpase samartha hai| jinanAthakA darzana karanese janma saphala ho jAtA hai, dhyAna lagAnese saMsiddhi milatI hai, "merugiri-sihari dhaya-baMdhaNaM jo kuNai, gayaNi tArA gaNai, veluA-kaNa minni| carama-sAyara-jale lahari-mAlA muNai, sovi nahu, sAmi, tuha sanvahA guNathuNai // tahavi, jiNa-nAha, niya jamma saphalI-kae, vimala-suha - jhANa - saMbhANa - sNside|" 1. vahI, pR0 60; hindI jaina-sAhityakA itihAsa, pR0 32; jaina gurjara kavino, prathama bhAga, pR015| 2. yaha stavana 'Ancient Jaina Hymns' meM pR0 120-124 para prakAzita ho cukA hai| bharaha-khittaMmi siri-kuMtha-ara-aMtare jamma puMDariMgaNI, vijaya pukkhalavare / bhAvie udaya jiNi sattame siva-gae, bahUa-kAleNa siddhi gamI sAmie / vahI, padya 16-17 / 4. Ancient Jaina Hymns, pp. 89-90.

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya asuhadala kamma mala paDala nivAsaNaM, tAta, karavANi tuha saMthavaM bahuguNaM // 2-3 // " sura-bhavanome gagana, pAtAla aura bhUmaNDalame, nagarI, purI, nIranidhi aura nAri-nara aura kinnara, sImandhara svAmI ke meru parvatakuloMmeM, deva-deviyoMke samUha, AdarapUrvaka gIta gAte hai, pAyAli, bhUmaMDale, " sura-bhavaNi, gayaNi, nayari, puri, nIranihi, meru- pabvaya - kule | deva - devI- gaNA, nAri - nara - kinnarA, tuhya jasa, nAha, gAyaMti sAdara parA // 7 // " ve nagara dhanya hai, jinameM bhavyajanoke saba saMzayoM ko haranevAle sImandhara svAmI vihAra karate haiM / bhagavAn kAmaghaTa, devamaNi aura devataruke samAna hai| unakA nAma lene mAtra se hI saba icchAe~ pUrI ho jAtI hai, "dhana te nayara jahiM sAmi sImaMdharo, viharae, bhavia jaNa - sabva-saMsayaharo / - kAmaghaTa, deva-maNi, deva-taru phaliyau, tIha dhari jIha rahiM, sAmi, taraM miliyau // 13 // " 41 bhakta - vikI tIvra icchA hai ki usakA AgAmI janma pUrva videhame ho, jisase vaha sImandhara svAmIke caraNoMmeM baiThakara unakA divya upadeza suna sake / vaha vahA~ svAmI ke guNoke gIta gAyegA, aura unake rUpako dekhakara prasanna hogA / use pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki svAmIke zAsana meM dIkSA lenese karma gala jAyeMge aura mokSa prApta hogA, "kara-juala joDi kari, vayaNa tU nisuNiso, bAla jima hela dei, pAya tuha paNamiso / mahura sari tumha guNa-gahaNa hauM gAyaso, niya - nayaNi romaMciu joiso // rUva tumha pAsi dviDa, haNia kammANa, caraNa paripAliso, kevala siriM pAmiso // 14- 15 / / "

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hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi sabhI bhagavAnkI bhakti bhoga-pada, rAja-pada, cakrI pada aura indra- pada, vibhUtiyA~ upalabdha hotI hai aura paramapada bhI milatA hai, "bhogapada, rAjapada, nANa-pada, saMpadaM, cakka - pada, indra- pada, jAba paramaM padaM / tujjha bhattIi sabvaM pi saMpajjae, eha mAhappa tuha sayala jagi gajjae // 16 // " 42 isa stavaname ikkIsa padya hai / prathama bIsakI pratyeka paMkti meM 20 mAtrAe~ hai / 10 ke bAda virAma hai / AcArya hemacandrane chandonuzAsanameM isa chandakA nAma 'Avali' diyA hai / 21vA~ padya haragItikA chandame haiM / ' stavanakI bhASA meM lAlitya hai aura bhAvomeM svAbhAvikatA / 4. merunandana upAdhyAya ( vi0 saM0 1415 ) merunandana ke dIkSAgurukA nAma zrI jinodayamUri thA / sUrijIkA janma vi0 saM0 1375 meM, rudrapAla zreSThIkI patnI ghAraladevikI kukSise, prahlAdanapura nAmake nagarameM huA thA / unhoMne vi0 saM0 1382 meM zrIjinakuzalasUri ke pAsa dIkSA lI, aura unakA nAma somaprabha rakhA gayA / ve vi0 sa0 1406 meM vAcanAcArya padapara pratiSThita hue / zrItaruNaprabhasUrine unako vi0 saM0 1415 me, 'sUripada' aura 'jinodaya' abhidhAna diyaa| sUrijIkA vi0 saM0 1432 meM samAdhipUrvaka svargavAsa huaa| zrImerunandanane, zrIjinodayasUrise, vi0 saM0 1415 ke uparAnta dIkSA lI hogii| unake 'jinodayasUri vivAhalau' kI racanA vi0 saM0 1432 meM huI thI / ataH merunandana upAdhyAya aura jinodayasUrikA sattA samaya eka hI thA / merunandana upAdhyAyakI tIna racanAe~ upalabdha hai : 'jinodayasUri vivAhalau', 'ajitazAntistavanam' aura 'sImandhara jinastavanam' / tIno hI bhaktise sambandhita hai| pahale meM guru bhakti aura avaziSTa domeM tIrthaMkara bhakti hai / 1. Ancient Jaina Hymns, PP. 89-90. 2. zrI merunandana upAdhyAya, 'zrI jinodayasUri vivAhalaDa', zrI agaracanda nAhaTA, aitihAsika jaina -kAvya saMgraha, pR0 360, kalakattA, vi0 saM0 1964 / tathA jaina-stotra sandoha, prathama bhAga, prastAvanA, pR073, ahamadAbAda, 1932 I0 /

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3 jaina makta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya jinodayasUri vivAhala' ___ 'vivAhalA' zabdako vyAkhyA karate hue zrIagaracanda nAhaTAne likhA hai, "jIvanake ullAsadAyaka aneka prasaMgoMme vivAha, atyanta Ananda maMgalakA prasaMga hai| isalie kaviyone isa prasaMgakA varNana bar3I hI sundara zailIme kiyA hai| vivAhake varNana-pradhAna kAvyoMko sajJA 'vivAha', 'vivAhalau', 'vivAhalo' aura 'vivAhalA' pAyI jAtI hai|" ___ ina 'vivAhalA kAvyoM meM, jainAcAryokA kisI kumArI kanyAke sAtha nahIM, apitu dIkSAkumArI athavA saMyamazrIke sAtha vivAha racA gayA hai| isa taraha ye 'vivAhalA' rUpaka kAvya hai| dIkSA lenevAlA sAdhu dulahA aura dIkSA athavA 'saMyamazrI' dulahina hai / 'jinodayasUri vivAhalA' me bhI AcArya jinodayakA dIkSAkumArIke sAtha vivAha huA hai / arthAt isa kAvyame jinodayake dIkSA lenekA varNana hai| yaha eka lalita evaM sarasa kAvya hai / gurjaradharArUpo sundarIke hRdayapara ratnoMke hArako bhA~ti pahmaNapura nAmake nagarameM, eka bAra zrIjinakuzalasUri aaye| ve apane jJAnake prakAzase, bhavyajanoMke mohAndhakArako dUra karanemeM samartha the / "asthi gUjaradharA suMdarI suMdare, uravare rayaNa hArovamANaM / lacchi keliharaM nayaru parahaNapuraM, surapuraM jema siddhAmihANaM // aha avaravAsare palhaNe puravare, bhaviya jaNa kamala vaNa bohyNto| pattu siri 'jiNakusalasUri' sUrovamo, mahiyale moha timiraM haraMto // 3 // " seTha rudrapAla apane parivArasahita sUrijIkI vandanA karane gyaa| sUrijIne usake putra samarAko dekhakara kahA ki yaha tumhArA samarA kumAra sampUrNa zreSTha guNose yukta hai aura suvicakSaNa bhI hai| netroMko Ananda denevAle apane isa putrakA vivAha, hamArI dIkSAkumArIke sAtha kara lo| 1. yaha, 'jaina aitihAsika kAma-saMgraha' me, vi0 saM0 1664 meM, pR0 360-366 para prakAzita ho cukA hai| isane 44 padya hai| 2. zrI agaracanda nAhaTA, 'vivAha aura maMgala kAvyokI paramparA, bhAratIya sAhitya. DaoN. vizvanAthaprasAda sampAdita, AgarA vizvavidyAlaya, hindI vidyApITha, prathama aMka, janavarI 1656, pR0 140 /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi "aha sayala lakkhaNaM jANi suviyakkhaNaM, sUri ThUNa 'samaraM kumaarN'| maviya tuha naMdaNo nayaNa pANaMdaNo, pariNao amha dikkhA kumAriM // 11 // " isa prakAra sUrijIne usa kumArako jainadIkSA pAneke yogya ghoSita kiyA aura bhImapallI cale gaye / kumAra dIkSA grahaNa karaneke lie bArambAra Agraha karane lagA, to mAne samajhAyA ki tumhAre kamalake samAna hAtha, anupama rUpa aura uttama vaMza hai / zreSTha nAriyoMke sAtha vivAha kara sukhI hoo| naye-naye prakArake bhogoMkA upabhoga karo aura apane uttama kAryosa hamAre kulako kottike zikharapara ArUr3ha kara do| "teNa kamala dala komala hAtha, bAtha ma bAuli desitauM / rUpi anopama uttama vaMza, paraNAvisu vara nAri haDaM // nava-nava bhaMgihiM paMca payAra, bhogivi bhoga vallaha kumAra / Rmi-krami zramha kuli kalasu caDAvi, hoji saMghAhivai kittisAra // 17-18 // " putra nahIM mAnA aura apane Agrahapara aTala rhaa| taba kumArake nizcayako jananIne jAnA, aura vyAkula A~khose AMsU DhulakAtI huI bolI ki he vatsa ! jo kucha tere manako acchA lage vaha kara / isa prakAra gadgada kaNThase svIkRtisUcaka vacanoMkA uccAraNa kara vaha cupa ho gyii| "tau kumara nicchayaM jaNaNi jANevi, daNahaNa nayaNi mIraM jharatI / karina taM vaccha jaM tujha maNa bhAvae, __ acchae gada gada sari maNaMtI // 20 // " mAMkI isa bevazIme svAbhAvikatA hai aura prasAda bhii| yaha siddha hai ki tIvra guru-bhaktise anuprANita hokara hI kavi, aise rasa-siddha sthaloMko aMkita kara sakA hai| ajita-zAntistavanam bhagavAn ajitanAtha, bharatakSetrakI caturviMzatikAke dUsare aura zAntinAtha solahaveM tIrthakara hai| saMskRta aura prAkRta sAhityameM donoMke hI mile-jule aneka

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 45 stavana hai / prastuta stavana bhI prAcIna hindImeM likhA gayA donoM tIrthaMkaroMkI bhaktikA kAvya hai| bhakta kavi eka sthAnapara kahatA hai ki bhagavAn ajita jinendra saMsArake guru hai, aura bhagavAn zAntinAtha netroMko Ananda denevAle hai| donoM hI vizvako zrIsampanna kara kalyANa karate hai / jIva mAtrako sukhI banAnA unakA uddezya hai / ve sukharUpI samudrake lie pUnoke cAMdakI bhAMti hai / arthAt unakI kRpAke udita hote hI, jIvoke sukha-samudrame AnandakI lahareM uThane lagatI hai| una jinavaroMko praNAma karane, unake guNoMko gAne aura sevana karanese puNyake bhaNDAra bhara jAte haiM / vaha puNya manuSya bhavako saphala banAnemeM pUrNarUpase samartha hai, "maMgala kamalA kaMdue, sukha sAgara pUnima caMdue / jaga guru ajiya jiNaMdue, saMtIsura nayaNANaMdue // ve jiNavara paNamevie, ve guNa gAi susaMsevie / punya bhaMDAra bharesue, mAnava bhava saphala karesue // " bhakta yuga-yugase bhagavAnkI zaraName jAte rahe hai| vahAM unheM zAnti milo hai aura sukha prApta huA hai| yahAM bhI bhakta ajita aura zAntiko zaraName gayA hai| usakA kathana hai ki ve bhagavAn utsava aura maMgalake janmadAtA hai| unakI kRpAse saMghake samUce pApa dUra ho jAte hai / bhagavAnke netra kamalokI bhAMti vizAla hai, unameM se dayArUpI sugandhi phUTatI hai| usa sugandhiko pAkara yaha jIva bhavasamudrase pAra ho jAtA hai| arthAt ajita aura zAntinAthakI zaraName jAnese yaha bholA bhakta, asAra saMsArako tairakara mokSame pahu~ca jAtA hai / "ve ucchava maMgalakaraNa, ve sayasasaMgha duriyaha haraNa / ve varakamala vayaNa nayaNa, ve siri jiNarAya bhavaNa rayaNa // ima bhagasihiM bholima taNIe, siri bhajiya saMti jiNa thui maNie / saraNai viDaM jiNa pAeM, siri miNanaMdaNa uvajhAe // " sImandharajinastavanam' isa stavanameM 31 padya hai| isakI bhASAmeM mAdhurya, bhAvoMmeM saumyatA aura sAdRzya varNanameM praur3hatA hai / dRzyAMkana saphala hue hai| padmAsanapara virAje sImandhara 1. yaha stavana, prathama bhAga, muni caturavijaya saMpAdita, jaina stotra saMdoha, ahamadAbAda, 1932 I0, meM pRSTha 340-345 para prakAzita ho cukA hai|

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi svAmI aura udayagiripara suzobhita sahasrakiraNakA sAdRzya UhAjanya nahIM hai| upamAna aura upameyako svAbhAvika DhaMgase hI saMghaTita kiyA gayA hai| "ta tasu aMtari rayaNihiM ghaDiu siMhAsaNu jhalakaMtu, ta pAyapITu tasu tali vimalo maNi nimmiu dippaMtu / ta taha sImaMdhara jiNapavaro paumAsaNauvaviThTha, ta sahasa kiraNa jima udayagiri puNNa ti jehiM sudicha // 9 // " citrAMkaname to kaviko abhUtapUrva saphalatA milI hai| dRzyokA citrAMkana kavikI sabase bar3I kalA hai| yaha vahI kavi kara sakatA hai, jisakI anubhUti sUkSma aura kalpanA painI ho| eka citra yaha hai, 'sImandhara svAmIke samavasaraName AtI huI sura-ramaNiyA~ parivArasahita suvimAno virAjamAna hai| unake rUpame adbhuta lAvaNya hai| ur3ate vimAnomeM baiThaneke kAraNa devAMganAoMke zarIrame spandana ho rahA hai, aura isa bhA~ti unakI kamarame par3I kiMkiNiyAM bhI hila rahIM hai| unase madhura dhvani nikalatI hai| deviyoMkA hRdaya bhagavAnkI bhaktise ulla. sita hai| ve bar3e utsAhase dasoM dizAome phailakara bhagavAnke gIta gAtI huI samavasaraName mAyI hai|' "ta raNauNaMtakikiNirayaNi UgagamaMta suvimANa, ta saparivAra suraramaNigaNi lavaNimarUva nihANa / ta bahula bhatti ullasiya hiya dasa disi ghaNu pasaraMta, ta samavasaraNi AvaI sayala sAmiya guNa gAyaMta // 1 // " isa kAvyameM upamAgabhita rUpaka bhI bahuta haiN| eka rUpakameM likhA hai ki bhagavAnkI divyadhvani gaMgAkI una nirmala taraMgoMkI bhAMti hai, jo sampUrNa apavivatAoMko ghotI huI calI jAtI hai| saMsArame jalate jIvoMkI dAha kevala amRtase hI zAnta ho sakatI hai, aura bhagavAnkI divyadhvani eka amRtake pravAhakI bhauti hI hai| sImandhara svAmIkI divyadhvani varSAke garajate una meghoMkI bhAMti bhI hai, jinakI AvAja sunakara, 'bhavya' rUpI mayUroke citta pharaphara nAca uThate hai, "nimmala e gaMgataraMgacaMgu paNAsiyasayalatamu , bhavadava e saMbhavadAha pheDaNaamiyapavAha smu|

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 47 sAmiya e taNau vaSANu jima jima gAjai maha jima, tima tima e maviyaNa citta nAcai pharaphara mora jima // 15 // " ArAdhyake guNoMpara rIjhakara hI bhakta, bhakta banA hai| vaha una guNoke gIta gAtA hI rahatA hai / zrImarunandanane bhI sImandhara svAmIkI prazaMsA karate hue likhA hai, una jinendra bhagavAnkI jaya ho, jinake vacanome itanA amRta bharA hai ki usake samakSa candrakA amRta-kuNDa bhI tuccha-sA pratibhAsita hotA hai| bhagavAnke netra komala aura vizAla kamalako bhAMti hai| deva-dundubhiyAM bhagavAnkI mahimAko sadaiva udghoSita karatI hai| bhagavAn ananta guNoMke pratIka hai, aura unakA kRpAkaTAkSa pala-bharame hI bhaktako saMsAra-samudrase pAra kara detA hai / bhaktako pUrA vizvAsa hai ki aise bhagavAnko praNAma karanese mana nirAlamba hokara bhramita nahIM hogaa| usane bhagavAnse kRpArUpI AlambanakI yAcanA kI hai, "jaya jiNavara ! sasaharahArivayaNa ! ____ jaya komalakamala visAla nayaNa ! / jaya sarasa amiyarasasarisavayaNa ! __ jaya mahimamahiyaha devarayaNa ! // vilasaMta aNaMta guNANa ThANa ! sNvcchrmicchiydinndaann!| bhavasiMdhutaraNatAraNasamatthu ! paDiyaha AlaMbaNu dehu hatthu // 18-20 // " 5. viddhaNU (vi0 saM0 1415) zrI jinodayasUri viddhaNUke bhI guru the| sUrijIkA samaya vi0 saM0 1415 se 1432 taka mAnA jAtA hai, ataH viddhaNUkA bhI vahI samaya hai| viddhaNUne apane guruke lie likhA hai ki ve tArAgaNoMmeM candrake samAna aura jalanidhime giripravarake samAna the| 1. naMdau viha saMdhu naMdau siri jiNaudaya guro, jimba tArAyaNa caMdu jimba jalanidhiguru giripvro| zrI viddharaNa , zAnapaMcamIcaupaI, padya 547, jaina gurjara kavipro, tIjo bhAga,pR0 416 /

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48 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi viddhaNUke pitAkA nAma 'Thakkara mAlhe' thaa|' rAjagRhake pArzvanAthake mandirame vi0 saM0 1412 kA likhA huA eka zilAlekha hai, usapara 38 zlokoMko eka prazasti aMkita hai / usake eka zlokase spaSTa hai ki usa prazastike kartA Thakkara mAlheke putra, vaijJAnika, suzrAvaka zrI vIdhA nAmake koI vyakti the| viddhaNUkA bacapanakA nAma vIdhA honA svAbhAvika bhI hai| viddhaNUkI racI huI 'jJAnapaMcamI caupaI' nAmakI racanA upalabdha hai| jJAnapaMcamI caupaI isakI racanA, magadharma vihAra karate samaya, kavi viddhaNUne vi0 saM0 1423, bhAdrapada zuklA ekAdazI, guruvArake dina kI thii| isame zrutapaMcamIke dina vrata rakhanekA mAhAtmya aura jina-zAsanakI bhaktikA ullekha hai| isakI bhASA prAcIna hindI hai, jisame gujarAtIkA bhI mizraNa hai| paM0 nAthUrAmajI premIne usako gujarAtIkI apekSA hindIkI ora adhika jhukA huA mAnA hai| isameM 548 padya hai| ___ jina-zAsanake prati zraddhA pradarzita karate hue kavine likhA hai ki bhagavAn jinendrakA zAsana asIma hai, usakA pAra prApta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jo koI usako aharnizi par3hatA, gunatA aura pUjatA hai, use zrutapaMcamIke vratakA phala mila jAtA hai| jiNavara sAsaNi Achai sAru, jAsu na lanmai aMta apAru / par3hahu guNahu pUjahu nisunehu, siyapaMcamiphalu kahiyaha ehu // 1. Thakkara mAhale putu viddhaNu pabhaNai suddha mae / vahIM, padya 546 / 2. utkIrNA ya suvarNA Thakkura mAlhAMgajena puNyArthe / vaijJAnika suzrAvaka vodhAbhidhAnena // 38 // vahI, pR0 416 / 3. haraSihi lAgau cItu caudahasaI tevIsamaI e, siya bhAdavai igyAsi guru vAsaru bahu Upanau, nayara vihAra makA paMcami pulu imba gAiyau // vahI, padya 546 / 4. hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, pRSTha 33 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya zrutapaMcamIkA phala yahI hai ki jo koI nara, maname saMyama dhAraNa kara isa vratako karatA hai, vaha kabhI dukhI nahIM hotA aura isa dustara saMsAra-samudrako taira jAtA hai, 49 "siyapaMcami phalu jANai loi, jo nara karai so duhiu na hoi / saMjama mana dhari jo naru karai, so naru nizcai duttaru tarai // 1-2 // " zrutapaMcamI vratakA artha hai, zrutadevIkI bhakti karanA / zrutadevIkA hI dUsarA nAma zAradA yA sarasvatI hai / kavine caubIsa tIrthaMkarose prArthanA kI hai ki zAradA use apane sevakake rUpame svIkAra kara le| jo zAradA haMsapara car3hakara calatI hai, jisake hAthame vINA suzobhita hai, jo jinendrake zAsana-prasAra me tallIna hai, jisane cAroM vedoko sAdha liyA hai, jo 'aThadala kamala para virAjatI hai aura jisake candra-jaise mukha se amRta jharatA viddhaNu aisI zAradAko bhaktipUrvaka namaskAra karate haiM, "oMkAra jiNai caDavIsa, sArada sAmini karau jagIsa / vAhana haMsa caDI kara vINa, so jiNa sAsa Nizracchai lINa // bhaTadala kamala UpanI nAri, jeNa payAsiya vedai cAri / sasihara biMdu amiyarasu phurai, namaskAra tasu 'viddhaNu' karai // 3-4 // " kavine NamokAra mantra ke prati bhakti pradarzita karate hue likhA hai ki saMsArake cintA- samudra meM pha~sakara yaha jIva, gharake sabhI dharma-karma vismaraNa kara jAtA hai vaha krodha, mAna, mAyA, mada, moha aura sandehameM par3akara, munivaroMke yogya na to dAna detA hai na tapa tapatA hai, aura na bhoga hI bhogatA hai / jaba zrAvakake gharameM janma liyA hai, to prati dina maname mantrakA cintavana karanA hI cAhie / NamokAra sayalai vIsarai / "ciMtAsAyara jabi naru parai, ghara dhaMdhala kohu mAnu mAyA (mada ) mohu, jara jhaMpe pariyau saMdehu || dAna na dina munivara jogu, nA tapa tapiu na bhogeu bhogu / sAvaya gharahi liyaDa avatAru, anudinu mani ciMtahu navakAru // 5-6 / / " 7

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50 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi 6. somasundarasUri (vi0 saM0 1450 - 1499 ) somasundarasUri ke pitAkA nAma zreSThi sajjana aura mAtAkA nAma mAlhaNa devI thA / unakA janma pralhAdanapura meM vi0 saM0 1430 me huA thA / mA~ne soma (candra) kA svapna dekhA thA, ataH unakA nAma soma rakhA gayA / kevala sAta varSakI umrame, apanI bahana ke sAtha, 'soma'ne jayAnanda sUri ke pAsa dIkSA lii| unakA nAma somasundara rakhA gayA / vi0 saM0 1450 meM ve sampUrNa jaina vAGmayame pAraMgata ho gaye / usa samaya unheM vAcaka pada pradAna kiyA gayA / vi0 saM0 1457 me, pATaNameM unheM zrI devasundarasUrine AcArya padapara pratiSThita kiyaa| ye tapAgacchake 50 50 veM paTTadhara the 1 2 1 somasundara prakANDa paNDita to the hI, bhavya aura udAra bhI the / unake anekAneka ziSya the, jiname munisundara, jayacandra, bhuvanasundara, jinasundara aura jinakItti mukhya the zrI mandiratnagaNi Adi aneka vidvAnone unakA zraddhApUrvaka smaraNa kiyA hai| zrI somasundaramUrine saMghasahita, zatru jaya, girinAra, sopAraka aura tAraMgAjI Adi aneka tIrthakSetroMkI yAtrAeM kI thiiN| 'pratiSThA' ke kSetra meM ve advitIya / unake dvArA sampanna karavAyI gayI pratiSThAe~ bahuta adhika hai / mukhya rUpase ve saMskRta aura prAkRtake vidvAn the / unako racI huI kRtiyA~ isa prakAra hai : 'caityavandanabhASyAvacUri', 'kalpAntarvAcya', 'catutrizati jinabhavotkIrtanastavanam', 'yugAdijinastavanam', 'yuSmacchandana vastavI', 'asmacchandanavastavI', ' trayacUrNi', 'kalyANakastavaH', 'yatijItakalpa ratnakoSa', 'upadeza mAlAbAlAvabodha', 'yogazAstrabAlAvabodha', 'SaDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha', 'ArAdhanApatAkA bAlAvabodha', 'bhASya 1. "pralhAdanapure sajjanabheSThino mAlhaNadevyAH kukSau vikrama saMvat 1430 varSe'sya janma, somavAvalokanAt 'soma' iti prAdAyi nAma / " jainastotra sandoha, muni caturavijaya sampAdina, prathama bhAga, prastAvanA, pRSTha 74, ahamadAbAda 1632 I0 / 2. jainastotra sandoha, dvitIya bhAga, muni caturavijaya sampAdita, ahamadAbAda, 1936 I0, prastAvanA (gujarAtI), pRSTha 84-85 | 3. zrI ratnazekharasari, AcAra pradIpa prazasti, zloka 7-11, jainastotra sandoha, prathama bhAga, prastAvanA, pRSTha 75 4. jainastotra sandroha, prathama bhAga, prastAvanA, pRSTha 75-78 / 5. janastotra sandoha, dvitIya bhAga, prastAvanA, pRSTha 85 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 'navatattvabAlAvabodha' aura 'paSTizatakavAlAvabodha / ' 'ArAdhanArAma' gujarAtIhindIkA kAvya hai / 'mizrabandhu vinoda' me isakA ullekha huA hai| nizinAthanavarasaphAgu' saMskRta, prAkRta aura gujarAtI mizrita hindIme likhA gayA hai| ArAdhanArAsa isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1450 me huI thii| isI varSa unhe vAcaka pada milA thaa| isa samaya unakI umra 20 varSako thI, aura ve aneka vidyAome nipuNa ho cuke the| 'ArAdhanArAsa' eka praur3ha kRti hai| neminAthanavarasaphAgu yaha eka choTA kAvya hai| yaha bhagavAn neminAthakI bhaktise sambandhita hai / jina nemi jinendrake gItoko zAradA bhI gAtI hai, bhalA kavi unakI bhaktime tallIna kyo na hogA, "samara visArada sakala visArada sArada yA paradevI re / gAIsu nemi jiNiMda niraMjana raMjana jagaha namevI re // " ATha pratihAroko mahimAko dhAraNa karanevAle bhagavAn nemIzvarako purandara bhI bhakti karate hai| unhI jinavarake pAsa satI rAjImatIne ullAsapUrvaka, saMyama dhAraNa kiyA thA, aura phalataH use mokSa milA thA, "prathama azoka vizAla pula pagara sukumAla, nAda manoharue caMcala cAmaru e, hemasiMhAsaNakaMta bhAmaMDala jhalakaMta, duMdubhi aMbarie triNi chatra uparIe / Ima pratihAraja pATha, kasara jito nagupATha, racaI puraMdarue bhUri bhagati dharue, pAlIya jinavara pAsi, saMyama mana ullAsi, sivapuri puhUtI e rAjamatI e satI e||33-34||" 1. mohanalAla dulIcanda desAI, jaina gurjara kavitrI, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 32, pAdaTippaNI / 2. mizravandhu, mizrabandhu vinoda, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 217 / 3. modanalAla dulIcada desAI, jaina gurjara kavitrI, tIjo bhAga, bambaI, 1644 I0, pRSTha 438 para prkaashit|

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi 7. upAdhyAya jayasAgara ( vi0 saM0 1474-1495 ) ___ madhyakAlame jayasAgara nAmake tIna kavi hue hai / tInoM hI jaina the aura tInoM hI hindI ke samartha kavi mAne jAte hai| uname prathama ko upAdhyAya jayasAgara kahate hai| unhoMne jinarAjasUrike pAsa dIkSA lI thI, jo jinodayasUrike paTTadhara the| zrI jinavardhanasUri unake vidyAguru the| zrI jinabhadrasUrine unako pAlhaNapurame 'upAdhyAya' padase suzobhita kiyA thA / ___ upAdhyAya jayasAgara saMskRta aura prAkRtake gaNyamAnya vidvAn the| unakI aneka racanAeM upalabdha hai, jinameM 'sandeha dohAvalIpara laghuvRtti', 'uvasaggaharastotravRtti', vijJapti triveNI', 'parvaratnAvalIkathA' aura 'pRthvIcandracaritra' bahuta prasiddha hai| mantravidyAmeM bhI ye pAraMgata the| serISikAbhidhAna gA~vameM, zrI pArzvanAthajina mandirameM padmAvatIsahita dharaNendrane unhe darzana diye the / medapATa nAmake dezameM, nAgadaha nAmake zubhasthAnapara, navakhaMDapArzvacaityame zAradA unapara prasanna huI thii| jayasAgarake prAcIna hindIme likhe hue aneka muktaka kAvya prApta hue haiM, jiname "jinakuzalasUricatuSpadi'-(vi0 saM0 1481 ), 'vayarasvAmI gururAsa'( 1486 ), 'gautamarAsa', 'neminAtha vivAhalo'-( 1498 ), 'caityaparipATI'(1487 ), 'nagarakoTa mahAtIrtha caitya paripATI', 'satagurubhakti', 'AdhyAtmika vivAha' tIrtha aura caityabhaktise sambandhita hai / inake atirikta unhone 'caturviMzati jinastuti', 'aSTApada tIrthabAvanI', 'ajitastotra', 'stambhanapArzvanAthastavana', aura 'viharamAna jinastavana' Adi stuti-stavanoMkA bhI nirmANa kiyA thaa| 1. jainastotra sandoha, dvitIya bhAga, prastAvanA, pR0 66 / 2. serISikAmidhAne grAme zrIpArzvanAthajinabhavane / zrIzeSaH pratyakSo yeSAM padmAvatIsahitaH // zrI 'medapATa' deze 'nAgadraha' nAmake zubhaniveze / navakhaNDapArzvacaitye santuSTA zAradA yeSAm // 'zrIjayasAgaraupAdhyAyaprazastiH', zrI agaracanda nAhaTA, aitihAsika jaina kAvyasaMgraha, kalakattA, 1964 vi0 saM0, pR0 400 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 53 caityaparipATI' meM pATaNa, rAyapura, zatru jayagiri, girinAra, pAlItAnA aura jUnAgar3ha Adi aneka tIrthokA AMkhoM dekhA varNana hai / isameM 21 padya haiM, jo soraThA aura vastu nAmake chandoMme likhe gaye hai / isa kRti meM aneka sthala uttama kAvyake nidarzana hai / 'nagarakoTa tIrtha caitya paripATI" me nagarakoTake tIrthoM, mandiroM aura pratimAoMITI AlaMkArika varNana hai / bhASApara gujarAtIkA prabhAva hai / ataH spaSTa hai ki upAdhyAyajI gujarAta ke hI rahanevAle hoge / 15vIM zatAbdI ke kaviyoMme dRzyako citrita karanekI aisI sAmarthya bahuta kamame dekhI jAtI hai / udAharaNake lie, "naMda vaNihi naMdau suciru carama jiNAsaracaMda | jagu cakorU jasu daMsaNihiM pAmai paramAnaMda // pAsi pasaMsauM koTilae gAmihi mahi abhirAmi / mahamana koili jima ramau tasu guNa aMbArAmi // hemakuMbhAsiri jiNa bhavaNi e savi zuNiyA deva / devaliya koThI bhayari karauM vIrajiNa seva // " 4 'jinakuzalasUricatuSpadI' kA nirmANa malikahalapurame huA thA / yaha eka sarasa kAvya hai / isame sUri jinakuzalakI mahimAkA varNana kiyA gayA hai / 'vayarasvAmI gururAsa' bhI gurubhaktikA hI nidarzana hai / sabhI stuti stotra uttama hai| 'catuvizati jina stuti' me 24 jinendra kA stavana hai / bhagavAn RSabhadevake darzanoMse utpanna honevAlA Ananda anirvacanIya hai, " suvihANau jai Aja bhaI, dIThau risaha jiNesa, nayaNa kamala jima ullasai, Ugiu bhalai dinesa | roma vihi taNu UdhasaI, hiyaDaI paramAnaMda, nayaNa amiya rasa jhaliNaU, dIThau Adi jiNaMda // " 1. 'caityaparipATI' kI hastalikhita prati pATaNa bhaNDArameM, muni puNyavijayajIke saMgraha meM, satka pratipatra naM 0 2- 10 para maujUda hai 1 2. isakI hastalikhita prati bhI uparyukta bhaNDArameM hai / 3. nagarakoTa, mahAtIrtha caitya paripATI, padya 11-13 / 4. dAdA zrI jinakuzala sUri, nAhaTA sampAdita, pariziSTa ga, pR0 82 / 5. jaina gurjara kavipro, tIjo bhAga, pR01476 |

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54 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi kavikA vizvAsa hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIrako zaraName jAnese mana-vacanakAyase kiye gaye sabhI rAga-dveSa dUra ho jAte hai| usane bhagavAn vIrase aise prasAdakI yAcanA ko hai, jisase vaha bhava-bhavame bhagavAnke pairoMkI sevA kara sake, "rAga dosa basi jo kiyau, maNavaya kAya pamAya, taM micchA dukkaDa havau, saraNa vIra jiNa pAya / kari pasAu mujha tima kimai, mahAvIra niNarAya, iNi bhavi ahavA anna mavi, jima sevauM tu paay||" 8. hIrAnandasUri ( vi0 saM0 1484-1495 ) hIrAnandasUrikI gaNanA, 15vIM sadIke uttama kaviyoMmeM kI jAtI hai| ve pippalagacchake zrIvIraprabhasUrike ziSya the| unhone apanI kRtiyoMme marumaNDalake sAcaurapurake vIra bhavanakA ullekha kiyA hai, isase pramANita hai ki ve rAjasthAnake rahanevAle the| unakI bhASA bhI sarala rAjasthAnI hI hai| usa samayakI rAjasthAnI aura hindIme itanA rUpa-bheda nahI thA, jitanA Ajakala hai| yadi yaha kahA jAye ki ve eka hI thIM, to atyukti na hogii| DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedIne rAjasthAnIkA gujarAtI aura hindo donose hI avicchedya sambandha sthApita kiyA hai| isa taraha spaSTa hai ki hIrAnandasUri hindIke mahattvapUrNa kavi the| unhone 'vastupAlatejapAlarAsa' (vi0 saM0 1484), 'vidyAvilAsa pavADo' (vi0 saM0 1. vahI, pR0 1476 ! 2. popala gachi gururAya zrIvIraprabha sUri gahagahaIe, pAmIa suguru pasAya, marumaMDali ruliaamnnue| pura sAcura majhAri, vIra bhuvaNa ruliAmaNue, saMgha sahita gharabAri, saMvata caUda paMcANavaIe / "jaina gurjara kavio, tIjo bhAga, jambUsvAmI vivAhalA, antabhAga, padya 52-53, pR0426 / 3. DholAmArUrA dUhA, zrIrAmasiMha, sUryakaraNa pArIka aura narottamadAsa svAmI sampA___dita, bhUmikA, kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, 1934 I0 pR0| 4. hindI sAhityakA AdikAla, pR06, bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad , paTanA, 1952 I0 / 5. yaha pavAr3A, baDaudAse prakAzita 'gUrjararAsAvali' meM prakAzita ho cukA hai / yaha 'pavADA' sAhityameM sabase prAcIna hai|

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 1485 ), 'kalikAlarAsa' (vi0 saM0 1486), 'dazArNabhadrarAsa', 'jaMbUsvAmI vIvAhalA' ( vi0 saM0 1495 ) aura 'sthUlibhadra bArahamAsA'kI racanA kI thii| ___ kavine vidyAvilAsa pavADome prathama jinezvara, zAntinAtha, nemikumAra aura pArzvanAthako namaskAra karate hue, zAradAse varadAnako yAcanA kI hai aura unase sambandhita mukhya tIrthoke prati bhI bhakti-bhAva pradarzita huA hai| "pahilaM paNamIya paDhama jiNesara, sittuMjaya avatara, hathiNAuri zrI zAMti jiNesara ujaMni nimikumAra / jIrAulipuri pAsa jiNesara, sAcaure varddhamAna, kAsamIra puri sarasati sAmiNi, diu mujhanaI varadAna // 2" 'jambUsvAmI vivAhalA', jambUsvAmIkI bhaktise sambandhita hai| usake maMgala padyame vIra jinezvara, gautama gaNadhara aura devI sarasvatIkA smaraNa kiyA hai| "vIra jiNesara paNamIa pAya, gaNahara goama mani dharIa, samarI sarasatI kavi aNa pAya, vINA pustaka dhAriNI e| bolisu jambU carita rasAla, nava nava mAva sohAmaNua, rayaNaha saMkhyA DhAla rasAla, bhaviaNa mAvihiM somalue // 3-2 // 'sthUlibhadra bArahamAsA meM muni sthUlibhadrake bAraha mahInoMko jIvanacaryAkA bhakti-pUrvaka varNana humA hai| bArahavarSIya akAla par3anepara, jaba bhadrabAhu svAmI dakSiNameM cale gaye, to pATaliputrame jainasaMghake adhiSThAtA sthUlibhadra hue| unheM 11 aMgoMkA jJAna thaa| isa bArahamAsAmeM 28 padya hai| antame likhA hai ki jo AnandapUrvaka bArahamAsA par3hatA hai, usake pAsa Rddhi-siddhi acala hokara nivAsa karatI hai| 1. kalikAlarAsa, zrIagaracanda nAhaTAke sampAdanake sAtha, hindI-anuzIlana, bhAratIya hindI pariSad prayAga, varSa 10, aMka 1, janavarI-mArca 1657 I0 meM, pRSTha 55-56 para prakAzita huA hai| 2. jainagurjara kavio, prathama bhAga, bambaI, 1926 I0, pR0 25-26 / 3. jainagurjara kavio, tIjo bhAga, pR0 428-426 / 4. sthUlibhadra bAre mAsar3A, e je bhaNai dhari ANaMda ki / tihA dhari acala vadhAmaNuM, ai bole sUri hIrANaMda ki / sthUlibhadra bArahamAsA, svA~ padya, jainagurjara kavio, tIjo bhAga, pR0 26 /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi 9. bhaTTAraka sakalakIti (vi0 saM0 1499) sarasvatI gacchake zrI padmanandI eka prabhAvazAlI bhaTTAraka the / ve bhaTTAraka ratnakottike dehalI-paTTapara, vi0 saM0 1375 me pratiSThita hue the| unakI prazaMsA vijauliyAke zilAlekhoM (vi0 saM0 1465 aura 1486) me aMkita hai / unake do ziSya the-bhaTTAraka zubhacandra aura bhaTTAraka sakalakItti / sakalakotti se IDara ko bhaTTArakIya gaddIkI paramparA Arambha huI thii| bhaTTAraka sakalakItti apane samayake eka prasiddha vidvAn the| unakA saMskRta bhASApara ekAdhipatya thaa| unhoMne saMskRtame 17 granthoko racanA kI : purANasAra, siddhAntasAradIpaka, mallinAthacaritra, yazodharacaritra, vRSabhacaritra, sudarzanacaritra, sukumAlacaritra, vardhamAnacaritra, pArzvanAtha purANa, mUlAcAra pradIpa, sAracaturvizatikA, dharmapraznottarazrAvakAcAra, sadbhASitAvalI, dhanyakumAracaritra, karmavipAka, jambUsvAmIcaritra, zrIpAlacaritra / ___bhaTTAraka sakalakotti pratiSThAcArya bhI the| unhone saikar3oM mandira banavAye, mUttiyoMkA nirmANa karavAyA aura unake pratiSThAdi mahotsava, svayaM AcArya banakara sampanna kiye| unake dvArA pratiSThita mUttiyoMme, tatkAlIna itihAsakI aneka bAteM aMkita hai| sakalakottikA samaya vikramakI 15vIM zatAbdIkA uttarArdha mAnA jAtA hai / unhoMne saMghasahita, vi0 saM0 1481 meM, baDAlIme caturmAsa kiyA thaa| vahAMpara hI unhoMne zrAvaNa zuklA pUrNimA, vi0 saM0 1481 ko 'mUlAcAra pradIpa'ko apane kaniSTha bhrAtA jinadAsake anugrahase pUrA kiyaa| 1. janagrantha prazasti saMgraha, prathama bhAga, dillI, pRSTha 16 / 2. jainagrantha prazasti maMgraha, prathama bhAga, prastAvanA pR0 6-10 / 3. tihi avasare guru AviyA, baDAlI nagara majhAra re, caturmAsa tihAM karo zobhano, zrAvaka kIghA harpa apAra re, amIjhare padharAviyAM, badhAI gAve nara nAra re|| sakala saMgha mili bandiyA, pAmyA jayajayakAra re // saMvat caudaha sau kyAso bhalA, zrAvaNamAsa lasaMtare, pUrNimA divase pUraNa karyA mUlAcAra mahaMta re / bhrAtAnA anugraha zakI kIghA grantha mahAna re / / vahI, pR0 10 //

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti, vi0 saM0 1444 meM, IDarakI gaddIpara AsIna hue the / vi0 saM0 1499 meM, mahasAnA ( gujarAta ) meM unakA svargavAsa huA / hindIke lie bhI unhone jo kucha prayAsa kiyA, usIke phalasvarUpa unake ziSya brahma jinadAsa hindI ke uttama sAhityakAra bana sake / bhaTTAraka sakalakIrtikI hindIme likhI huI pAMca kRtiyA~ 'ArAdhanApratibodhasAra', 'NamokAraphalagIta', nemIzvaragIta', aura 'solahakAraNavratarAsa ! / ' ArAdhanApratibodhasAra isakI bhASA sarala hai / usame prasAdaguNakA nirvAha huA hai / kavine jinavANI, guru aura nirgrantha sAdhuoMko praNAma karake, saMkSepameM ArAdhanAsAra kahA hai / isame saMskRta ArAdhanAkA sAra hai / jo koI nara-nArI isa ArAdhanA sArako kahatA aura sunatA hai vaha bhava-samudrase pAra ho jAtA hai / yaha ArAdhanA manuSyoMko jJAna pradAna karatI hai / 57 upalabdha huI haiM: 'muktAvalo gIta ' NamokAraphalagIta NamokAra mantra paMcaparameSThI kI vandanA se sambandhita hai / prastuta kRtimeM NamokAra mantrakA phala diyA huA hai| yaha eka gIti-kAvya hai, usake pratyeka padyameM uttama bhAva ucchvasita huA hai / bhASAmeM prasAdaguNa hai / nemIzvaragIta yaha gIta jayapurake paM0 lUNakarajIke mandira, guTakA naM0 96 aura veSTana naM0 338 me nibaddha hai / 1. zrIjinavaravANI namevi guru nirgrantha pAya praNamevi / kahuM ArAdhanA suvicAra saMkSepi sAroddhAra // zrIrazAstra bhaNDArakI hastalikhita prati, pahalA padya / 2. je bhaNaI suNaI naranAri, te jAIM bhavi nei pAri / zrI sakalakIti kahyu vicAra ArAdhanA pratibodhasAra // vahI, antima padya / 3. di0 jaina paMcAyatI mandira baDaunake eka guTake meM nibaddha / 8 muktAvalIgIta yaha gIta, jayapurake bar3e mandirake guTakA naM0 36, veSTana naM0 2457 meM prastuta hai /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAnya aura kavi 10. zrI padmatilaka (vi0kI15vIM zatIkA anta-16vIM zatIkA bhArambha) zrI padmatilakakI eka mAtra kRti 'garbhavicAramtotra' hai| usase aisA kucha prakaTa nahIM hotA, jisake AdhArapara unakA jIvana-vRtta athavA guru-paramparA mAdike viSayame likhA jA ske| yaha kRti usa guTakeme nibaddha hai, jo vi0 saM0 1626 meM likhA gayA thA, kintu 'garbhavicArastotra' kI bhASAse spaSTa hai ki usakI racanA 15vI sadIke anta athavA 16vIke Arambhame huI thii| garbhavicArastotra isa stotrame 28 chanda hai| garbhavAsake duHkhoMkA varNana karaneke kAraNa hI isako 'garbhavicArastotra' kahate hai| yaha koTa kAMgar3AkI RSabha-mUrtiko lakSya kara likhA gayA hai| koTa kAMgar3Ake tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha duHkha aura duritoko naSTa karanevAle hai| una bhagavAnkA jApa karanese jIvakA mana zuddha hotA hai, aura vaha saMsArake bhramaNase mukta ho jAtA hai, "siri risahesara padya Nameti, pura koTahaM maMDaNa / kAMDa duggahaM paDhamaMtitya duha duriya vihaMDaNa // sAmI jaMpa kiMpi duraka Niya mANasa kerau / garuvA jiNavara kimaiM gakhi mujha bhavanauM pherau // " kavine likhA hai ki maiM anAdikAlase nigodameM ghUmatA rahA / vahA~se nikalA to ekendriya - agni, vAyu aura vanaspati Adi banA, manuSya janma na mila sakA, "zrAdi anAdi nigoda mAMhi bahu kAlu bhamiuM mahaM / sattara sADhaUsAsamajjhi bhava pUriya jiNa mahaM / NiggodahaM NIsariu NAha paDiyau egidihiM / puDhavi Au tahaM, teu vAu vaNasai duhu~ bhedihiM // " pUrvajanmake puNya-saMyogase manuSya-bhava milaa| kintu isake prApta honemeM bhI jIvako nau mAsa taka garbhake duHkha sahane pdd'e| vaha nau mAsa taka ramaNIke nAbhitalake nIce par3A-par3A duHkha sahatA rahA, 1. yaha guTakA bAbU kAmatAprasAdajI jaina, alIgaMjake pAsa hai| 2. garbhavicArastotra, pahalA padya, vi0 saM0,1626 ke likhe hue guTakekI hastalikhita prati / 3. vahI, tIsarA padya /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya "punva puSaNa saMjogi puNavi maNuvattaNu pAviu / viviha dukkha va mAsa saDDha gabmihiM saMtAviu // ramaNi nAmitali nAla kAri duhuM pupphahaM zraccha / kosagArihiMtA muThi puNa joni paDitthai | r bhagavAn RSabhadevake darzanoMkI mahattA batAte hue kavine likhA hai ki he bhagavan ! tumhAre darzana karanese aisA vidita hotA hai jaise mujhe cintAmaNi ho mila gayI ho, jaise hamAre aMganame kalpavRkSa vividha phalose phara gayA ho, aura jaise hamAre gharame suradhenukA hI avatAra huA ho / jisa kisIne bhagavAn RSabhanAthako apanI bhakti se prasanna kara liyA, usakI sabhI manovAMchita abhilASAeM pUrI ho jAtI hai, " daMsaNa tumha vihANa accha ciMtAmaNi vaDiyau / surataru aMgaNa amha accha vivihappari phariyaDa // surahadheNu aMgaNihiM NAha zramhahaM avayariyaDa / jai bheu siri risahaNAha maNavaMchiya sariyaDa // 2,1 11. brahmajinadAsa ( vi0 saM0 1520 > 59 isa kAvyakI bhASAme apabhraMza aura prAkRtake prayoga adhika hai| phira bhI usake saundaryame kahIM para vyAghAta upasthita nahI huA hai / bhASAme pravAha hai aura bhAvoMme svAbhAvikatA | upayukta dRSTAntoMse rasa utpanna ho sakA hai / 1. vahI, nauvaoN padya | 2. vahI, 27vaoN padya / 3. jaina granthaprazastisaMgraha, prastAvanA, pRSTha 11 / brahmajinadAsa bhaTTAraka sakalakIrttike choTe bhAI aura ziSya the / ve bhI kalakIrttike samAna hI uttamakoTike vidvAn the| unakI saMskRta kRtiyoMmeM 'jambUsvAmIcaritra', 'harivaMzapurANa' aura 'rAmacaritra' kA nAma pramukha rUpase liyA jA sakatA hai / 'jambUsvAmIcaritra' kI racanAme unhe apane ziSya brahmacArI dharmadAsake mitra - kavi mahAdevase sahAyatA prApta huI thii| 'dharmapaMcaviMzatikA' athavA 'dharmavilAsa' unhIkI racanA hai / inake atirikta unhoMne 'yazodhararAsa', AdinAtharAsa, 'zreNika rAsa',

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60 hindI jaina bhaktikAnya aura kavi 'samakitarAsa', 'karakaNDurAsa', 'karmavipAkarAsa', 'zrIpAlarAsa', 'pradyumnarAsa', 'dhanapAlarAsa', 'hanumaccaritra' tathA 'vratakathAkoSa' kI racanA kI thii| ina sabakI bhASA gujarAtI, hindI aura rAjasthAnIkA milA-julA rUpa hai| unakI bAhya rUpa-rekhAko hindI kahA jA sakatA hai, jisapara gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnIkA vizeSa prabhAva hai| unake race gaye pUjA-pranthome, 'jambUdIpapUjA', anantavratapUjA', 'sArddhadvayadIpapUjA,' 'caturvizatyudyApanapUjA', 'meghamAlodyApanapUjA', 'catustrizaduttaradvAdazazatodyApana' aura 'bRhatsiddhacakrapUjA' jJAta ho sake hai / inakI bhASA saMskRta hai| vi0 saM0 1481 me brahmajinadAsake anurodhase hI unake guru bhaTTAraka sakalakottine bar3AlIme 'mUlAcArapradIpa' kI racanA kii| brahma jinadAsane svayaM vi0 saM0 1520 me 'harivaMzarAsa' kA nirmANa kiyA / ataH unakA samaya 15vIM zatIkA uttarArddha aura 16vI kA pUrvArddha mAnA jA sakatA hai| unakI hindI kRtiyoMkA paricaya isa prakAra hai : AdipurANa isa granthame 215 padya hai / racanAmeM saMskRtake AdipurANoMkA sahArA liyA gayA hai| samApta karanekI zIghratAme 'sambandha-nirvAha' ThIkase nahI nibha skaa| sAtha hI prabandhakAvyakA koI guNa samucita rUpase vikasita nahIM huA hai| phira bhI bhASA kAnyopayukta hai| prasAdaguNane saundarya-sRSTi kI hai| ____ karmabhUmike utpanna honepara, bhagavAn RSabhadevane SaTkarmokI sthApanA kI thii| unhoMne saMsArake prANiyoMko dharmAdharmakA viveka bhI pradAna kiyA thaa| aisA karaneme ve isalie samartha ho sake ki unhone svayaM bhI muktivadhUko pratyakSa kara liyA thA / saMsAra unakI jaya-jayakAra karatA thaa| 1. yazodhararAsa, AdinAtharAsa, samakitarAsa, dhanapAlarAsa aura vratakathAkoSa, AmerazAstrabhaNDAra jayapurameM, nathA avaziSTa rAsa paMcAyatI mandira, dehalIke zAstrabhaNDArameM maujUda hai| 2. inake nAma vibhinna guTakoMmeM-se lekara, zrI paramAnanda zAsrIne prazastisaMgraha, prastAvanAmeM, pRSTha 12 para, diye hai| 3. zrImat bhaTTAraka ratnacandajIne, sarasvatI gacchake brahma premacandase, saM0 1856, magasira sudI 3, gA~va zrI maitavAlake madhya pArzvanAtha upAsaremeM, isa kAvyakI pratilipi krvaayii| dekhie bhAmerazAsabhaNDArakI hastalikhita prati /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 61 brahmajinadAsane una bhagavAn ke guNoMko sadguruke prasAdase jAnA thA / bhagavAnke guNoMpara rIjhakara hI unhoMne bhava-bhavameM bhagavAnkI sevAkI yAcanA kI / ' kathAkoSa saMgraha ' ra isa koSame chaha kRtiyA~ saMkalita hai : 'dazalakSaNavratakathA, 'nirdoSa saptamIvratakathA', 'cAMdaNaSaSTivratakathA', 'AkAzapaMcamIvratakathA', 'mokSasaptamI vratakathA' aura 'paMcaparameSThIguNavarNana' / 'paMcaparameSThI guNavarNana' eka muktaka kAvya hai| usakA pratyeka chanda, eka pRthak bhAvako sahejakara calA hai / usame gItiparatA hai, bhAva-vibhoratA aura laya bhI / yaha paMcaparameSThiyoMko bhaktise sambandhita eka uttama kAvya hai / isa kAvyake sunane aura samajhane mAtrase hI, jIvake sabhI manovAMchita kArya pUre ho jAte hai, aura vaha zivapurame pahu~ca jAtA hai / kintu sunate aura samajhate samaya usakA mana nirmala honA cAhie / dhanapAlarA isame dhanapAlake caritrakA varNana hai / dhanapAla bhagavAn jinendrakA bhakta thA / sthAna-sthAnapara usakI bhaktikA ullekha huA hai / kavikA vizvAsa hai ki caubIsa tIrthaMkara aura svAminI zAradAko praNAma karanese manovAMchita phala upalabdha hote haiM / " 1. SaT karma svAmI thApI pAe, dharmAdharma vIcAra to, mugati ramaNI pragaTa kI yo e, tribhuvana jayajayakAra to / teha guNa me jANo yA e, sadaguru taNAM pamAvato, bhavi bhavi svAmI sevasuM e, lAgu saha guru pAya to / vahI antima prazasti, paMkti 11-14 / 2. AmerazAstrabhaNDArakI hastalikhita prati / 3. par3he guNe je sAbhale, mani gharI niramala bhAu / mana vaMchita phalarUvaNA, pAve zivapura ThAu // paMcaparameSThI guNavarNana, antima pATha, dUsarA padya, AnaMrazAstra bhaNDArakhAlI prati / 4. isa rAsakI pratilipi, pANDe rUpacandake adhyayanArtha, vi0 sa0 1808 zrAvaNa sudI 1, ravivArako karavAyI gayI thI / zramerazAstra bhaNDArakI hastalikhita prati / 5. vIra jinavara namuM te sAra, tIrthaMkara caubIsamo / chita phala bahu dAna dAtAra, sArada sAmiNa vInavuM // dhanapAlarAsa, maMgalAcaraNa /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAgya aura kavi mithyA dukar3a yaha brahma jinadAsakI eka saphala kRti hai| usame sAdRzyagata saundarya hai| kavine eka sthAnapara likhA hai, jaise dinakarake nikalate hI kamala khila jAte hai, ThIka vaise hI Adi jinezvarake darzanoMse bhavyoM ke mana vikasita ho jAte hai| jaise dinakarase andhakAra phaTa jAtA hai, vaise hI bhagavAn mohako vidIrNa kara dete hai| bhakta yuga-yugase bhagavAnke daravAjepara jAte rahe hai, aura vahAM unhone ni:saMkoca hokara apane pApoko kahA hai| unheM vizvAsa thA ki dayAlu bhagavAn avazyameva kSamA pradAna kreNge| jaina bhakta bhI, tribhuvanake nAtha bhagavAn jinendrake pAsa gayA hai, "hU~ vinatI karUMhaveM ApaNIya / tUM tribhuvana svAmI suNi dhaNIya // je pApa karayA te kahU~ anusa / te mithyA dukar3ha hou namaMjha // 2 // " bhagavAnke ananta guNoMkA varNana karate hue, unakI vandanA karanA, eka purAnA rivAja hai / yahAM bhI aisA hI eka dohA hai, "jinavara svAmI mugati hiM gAmI siddhi nayara mNddnno| bhava baMdhaNa khINo samara salINo, brahma jinadAsa pAya vaMdaNo // 1 // " (antima) yazodharacaritra ___ isameM bhakta yazodharakA caritra varNita hai| saMskRta granthoMkA sahArA liyA gayA hai| bhASAmeM prasAdaguNa hai| prArambhame hI kavine munisuvratanAtha ( 20veM tIrthakara ), zAradAdevI, gautama gaNadhara aura guru sakalakottiko praNAma kiyA hai "munisuvrata jina munisuvrata jI natadvaM te saar| tIrthakara je vIsamuM vAMchita bahu dAna dAtAra // 1. Adi jiNesara bhuvi paramemara sayAla dukkha viNAsaNo / bhuvi kamala diNesara moha timira hara tattva padAratha bhaasnno|| mithyA dukaDa, pahalA padya, AmerazAstrabhaNDArakI prati / 2. isa kAvyakI pratilipi, paNDita rUpacandIke paDhaneke lie, saMvat 1826 meM karavAyI gayI thii| prazastisaMgraha, pR0 248, jayapura, 1950 I0 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya sAradA svAmiNi valIstavu jimi buddhi sAra huM vegI mAguM / gaNadhara svAmi namaskarUM, valI sakala kIrati guru bhavatAra // tAsa caraNa praNamIneM, kareM surAsura sAra ||1|| " 'yazodharacaritra kI mahimAkA varNana karate hue kavine likhA hai, "guNoke bhaNDAra yazodharacaritrako sunane mAtra se hI midhyAtva aura rAga moha dUra ho jAte haiM, tathA zivapura upalabdha hotA hai / "guNahataNuM maMDAra suNiiM, je nara anudina bhaNeM, hiya maiM dharI bahu bhAva, brahma jiNadAsa ima paribha tehane zivapure hAma || " 63 samyaktvarAsa isameM bhagavAn rAmako kathAke dvArA samyaktvakI mahimA batAyI gayI hai / rAmacandra sundara to the hI, dinakarake samAna pratApazAlI bhI the / ve zAstravettA, mahAmatI, dhArmika aura devazAstra-guruke parama bhakta the / kavine unakI bhakti kI hai| " jayavaMta jaya jagi sAra suMdara rAmacaMdra bakhAniye | lakSmIdhara bhae bharata zatrughna cyAri putra bhari jANIiye || kula kamala dinakara sakala zAstra sujJAnavaMta mahAmatI / deva dharmahaM guru parIkSaNa rAmacandra kSatipatI // 1 // " zreNikarA isameM rAjA zreNikakA varNana hai| zreNika magadhakA rAjA thA / use bimbasAra bhI kahate haiM / isIkA putra ajAtazatru thA, jise jaina zAstro meM 'kuNika' kahA gayA hai / zreNika bhagavAn mahAvIrake mausA the| vaizAlIke rAjA ceTakakI eka lar3akI trizalA, siddhArtha ( mahAvIrake pitA ) kI patnI thI, aura dUsarI celanA, zreNikakI rAnI / zreNika pahale bauddhadharmAnuyAyI banA aura bAdame mahAvIrakA bhakta ho gayA / mahAvIra ke samavazaraName zreNika mukhya prazna- karttA thA | kavine isa 'rAsa' ke Arambhame hI likhA hai ki mai bhagavAn mahAvIrake caraNoMmeM praNAma karatA hU~, aura anya tIrthaMkarokI bhI stuti karatA hU~, kyoMki ve 'manovAMchita' ko pUrA karanevAle hai / svAminI zAradApara nyochAvara hotA hU~, ve zreSTha buddhi pradAna karatI hai, 1. isakI hastalikhita prati zrArazAstra bhaNDAra meM maujUda hai /

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64 hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi "vIra jiNavara vIra jiNavara namuM te sAra, tIrthakara cavIsa vAMchita bahu dAna dAtAra, sAradA sAmiNi valI tavu buddhisAra huM vegi mAgu, gaNadhara svAmI namaskarUM zrI sakala kIrati bhavatAra, zrI bhuvanakIrati gurumani dharu karisuM rAsa huM sAra // " 12. muni caritrasena (vi0 saM0 15vIM zatAbdIkA prathama yA dvitIya pAda ) muni caritrasenakI 'samAdhi' nAmakI racanA upalabdha huI hai| usase muni caritrasenake jIvana aura jIvanakAlakA koI paricaya nahIM milatA / 'samAdhi' kI bhASAse aisA avazya pratIta hotA hai ki vaha 15vI zatAbdIke uttarArddhakI racanA hai / bhASAme sammAiTThI, appaNAu, paNAsai, aura pANiu-jaise zabdoMkA prayoga hai / kriyAoke ukArabahulA honese apabhraMzakA puTa adhika mAlUma hotA hai / usakI veza-bhUSA prAcIna hindIkI hai / yaha racanA samAdhi-bhakti ke antargata AtI hai / usame "dukkhakkhabha kammakkhabho samAhimaraNaM ca bohilAho vi / mama hou tijaga bandhava tava jiNavara caraNasaraNeNa" vAlI bhAvanAkA hI prAdhAnya hai / isakA artha hai ki samAdhimaraNa bhI bhagavAn jinendrakI kRpAse mila pAtA hai / gaNadhara gautamane likhA hai ki yadi bhagavAnako kRpAse samAdhi mila jAye to darzana, jJAna aura cAritra samRddha hote hai, jIva samyagdRSTi bana jAtA hai, " gaNahara bhAsiya e jiya saMti samAdhI // daMsaNa NANa carita samiddhI, saMbhAdhI jiNadevahaM diTThI / jo kareha so sammAiTThI // 21 // 1 'samAdhimaraNa' ke dhAraNa karanepara AtmA aura pudgalake ekatvako hI bhAvanA bhAnI caahie| donoMme koI sambandha nahI hai / donoM pRthak-pRthak hai / yauvana, strI, dhana aura parijana sabhI asthAyI hai, kucha samaya bAda naSTa ho jAyeMge / ataH he jIva ! dharmameM AnandakA anubhava karo, 1. yaha kRti, dillIke masajida khajUrake jaina hai / yaha usa pothI meM nibaddha hai, jisameM 'kalyANaka vidhirAsa' bhI aMkita haiN| paMcAyatI mandirake zAstra bhaNDArameM maujUda vinayacandakI 'nirbhara paMcamIkathA' aura

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya "aisau jANi jiyA vehattya viminnA puggala kammavi appau minnA / / sammAdhI0 // jovaNa dhaNiya ghaNu pariyaNu NAsaya jIva ho! dhamu sarIsau hosai ||smmaadhii0||36||" kavine eka sthAnapara likhA hai ki neminAthake samAdhimaraNakA smaraNa kro| aisA karanese antaHkaraNakA samUcA viSa naSTa ho jaayegaa| phira vaha antima dina zubha hogA jaba mRtyuko bhI jotakara yaha jIva zivaloka prApta karegA, aisI zaktizAlinI samAdhikA jo pratidina dhyAna karatA hai vaha avazya hI ajarAmara padako prApta karatA hai, "nemi samAdhi sumari jiya visu nAsai / jiya para marakari pAu paNAsa // sohaQ so divasu samAdhi marIjai / jammaNa maraNaha pANiu dIjai // aisI samAdhi jo aNu-diNu jhAvai / so ajarAmaru siva suha pAvai // 50 // " 'samAdhi'ko bhASAmeM saralatA hai aura bhAvoMme bhaktikA tAratamya / svAbhAvikatAne kAvyako saundarya pradAna kiyA hai| 13. lAvaNyasamaya (vi0 saM0 1521) lAvaNyasamayakA bacapanakA nAma laghurAja thaa| unake pitAkA nAma zrIdhara aura mAtAkA nAma jhamakala devI thaa| unake tIna bhAI the : vastupAla, jinadAsa aura maMgaladAsa / eka bahana thI : liilaavtii| ve zrImAlI vaNik the| unake dAdA pATaNanagarase ahamadAbAdame Akara basa gaye the| unake sabase bar3e putra zrIdhara ajadapurameM rahate the / vahA~ hI laghurAjakA janma huA thaa| unakI janmatithi pauSa badI 3, saM0 1521 mAnI jAtI hai| laghurAjake janmAkSaroMpara vicAra karate hue muni samayaratnane unake pitAse kahA, tumhArA putra tapakA svAmI hogA, athavA vaha koI tIrtha kregaa| bar3A yati, mahAn vidvAn aura guruke vacanoMpara calakara bahuta bar3A vairAgI hogA, 1. vimalaprabandha, padya 30-36, jainagurjarakavio, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 76-77 /

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66 hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi "suNau zreSTa hozi tapadhaNI, kaI e jAzaI tIratha bhaNI, kaI ethAI - moTa yatI, vara vidyA hoza dIpatI // 40 // " isa honahAra bAlakako tapagacchapati lakSmIsAgaramUrine, jeTha sudI dazamI (vi0 saM0 1529 ) ke dina, pATaNake madhya, pAlaNapurIke apAsarAme, mahotsavapUrvaka dIkSA dI aura usakA nAma lAvaNyasamaya rkhaa| isa prakAra lAvaNya samaya ke dIkSAguru lakSmIsAgarasUri aura vidyAguru samayaratna the / kavine svayaM eka sthAnapara likhA hai ki solahave varSameM mujhapara sarasvatI mAtAkI kRpA huI aura mujhame kavitva zaktikA janma huaa| jisase maiM chanda, kavitta, caupaI, rAsa aura aneka prakArake gIta tathA rAga-rAginiyoMkI racanA kara sakA / siddhAnta caupaI inhIkA eka prasiddha kAvya hai / nandabattIsIkI racanA bhI inhoMne hI kI thI / lAvaNyasamayakI khyAti caturdikame vyApta ho gayI thii| bar3e- bar3e mantrI, rAjA-mahArAjA, saradAra aura sAmanta, unake caraNome jhukate the / vi0 saM0 1555 me unako paNDita pada milaa| ve aneka deza-videzoMmeM vicaraNa kara upadeza dete the / eka bAra vihAra karate-karate soraTha dezame Aye aura girinArapara tthhre| unhoMne anahilavAr3a pATaNake pAsa mAlasamudra nAmake gA~va me cAturmAsa kiyA / usa samaya unhoMne vi0 saM0 1568 me 'vimalarAsa' kI racanA pUrNa kii| vi0 saM0 1589 me unakA svargavAsa ho gyaa| 4 'siddhAnta caupaI' ke AdimeM hI kavine likhA hai ki bhagavAn jinendrake pairoMmeM 1. guruvacane vaIrAgI thayu, mAta tAta paya lAgI rahiu, jeTha sudI dina dasamI taNau, UgaNatrIsaI ucchava dhaNau / pATaNi pAhaNapurI posAla, jaMga huI caupaTa cusAla, diI dIkSA ati AnaMdapUra, gacchapati laSimIsAgarasUri / saMgha sajana sahU sASI samaI, nAma ThaviDaM muni lAvaNyasamaI, navamai baraSa dISavara lIdha, samayaratna guru vidyA dogha / vahI, padma 41-43, pR0 77 / 2. sarasati mAta mayA tava lahI, barasa solamaI vAMNI huI, raciA rAsa suMdara saMbaMdha, chaMda kavitta caupai prabaMdha | vividha gIta bahu kariA vivAda, racIA dIpa sarasa saMvAda, vahI, padya 44-45, pR0 77 / 3. vahI, padya 45-46, 1078 4. janagurjarakavibho, prathama bhAga, pR0 70, pAdaTippaNI /

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67 jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya namaskAra karanese apAra harSa hotA hai| sadguruke prasAdase mujhe devI sarasvatIkI prApti huI hai| mai bhagavAn mahAvIrake guNoko gAtA hU~, jinhe sunakara hI jIva zivapurI prApta kara letA hai| ___ lAvaNyasamayakI anya racanAoMme, 'sthUlibhadra ekabIso'-vi0 saM0 1553, 'gautamapRcchA caupaI'-vi0 saM0 1554, 'AloyaNa vinatI'-vi0 saM0 1562, 'neminAtha hamacaDI'-vi0 saM0 1562, 'serIsA pArzvanAthastavana'-vi0 saM0 1562, 'vairAgyavinatI'-vi0 saM0 1562, "vimalaprabandha'-vi0 saM0 1568, 'antarikSa pArzva jinachanda'-vi0 saM0 1585, 'sumati sAdhu vivAhalo', 'yazobhadrarAsa' 'raMgaratnAkara neminAthaprabandha', 'pArzvajinastavanaprabhAtI' aura 'caturviMzatijinastavana', bhaktiparaka kRtiyAM haiN| prAyaH inake prArambhame sarasvatIko vandanA kI gayI hai| 'neminAtha hamacaDI'. ke prArambhame likhA hai, 'sarasavacana dIyo sarasvatIre gAyasyu nemikumAro, sAmalavaraNa sohAmaNo, te rAjImatI bharatAro re hmcddii|' 'antarikSa pArzvajinachanda' me bhI 'sarasavacanayo sarasatI mAta, bolIsa Adi jasa vIkhyAta' likhakara sarasvatIse yAcanA kI gayI hai| 'sumati sAdhu vivAhalo' me likhA hai, 'sarasati sAmiNi diu matidAna majha mani ati umAhalA e|' 'raMgaratnAkara neminAtha prabandha' me kaI padyome sarasvatIke gIta gAye gaye hai, "tujha tanu sohaI ujjvala kaMti, pUnima sasihara parijhalakatI, paya dhamadhama dhugdhara dhamakaMtI, haMsagamaNi cAlai camakaMtI // 4 // cAlai camakatI, jagi jayavaMtI, vINApustaka pavara dharaI, kari kamala kamaMDala kAje kuMDala ravimaMDala parikaMtI karaI // 5 // sArada sAra dayApara devI, tujha paya kamala vimala vaMdevi, mAgu sumati sadA taI devI, duramati dUrithikI niMdevi // 2 // " 'pArzvajinastavana prabhAto' me, bhagavAn pArzvanAthako vinatI karate hue kavine. likhA hai, 1. sakala jiNaMdaha pAya namuM, hiuI harapa apAra, akSara jeI bolisiuM, sAcau samaya vicAra / sevia sarasati sAmiNI, pAmia suguru pasAu, suNi bhavIaNa jaba vIrajiNa, pAmia zivapura hAu // 12 // jainagurjarakavio, prathama bhAga, pR0 66 / 2. jainagurjarakavio, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 71-88 /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi "vAmAnaMdana jinavara pAsa, tuto nimovana lIla vilaas| vinati choDi bhavapAza, hu~ chu deva tumAro dAsa // 1 // RSabhadevakI vandanA karate hue, 'caturvizatijinastavana ke prArammame hI likhA hai, "kanaka tilaka mAle hAra hII nihAle, RSabhapaya pakhAle pApanA paMka TAle / ara jinavara mAle phUTare phUla mAle, narabhava ajubhAle rAga niI rosa TAle // 1 // " 'vairAgya vinatI' meM bhI bhagavAn RSabhadevakI hI vinatI kI gayI hai| bhagavAn bhavase tAranevAle aura sukhake kAraNa hai, "jaya paDhama jiNesara ati alavesara, bhAdIzvara tribhuvanadhaNIya, zatrujaya sukhakAraNa suNi bhavatAraNa vInataDI sevaka maNIya // 1 // " 14. saMvegasundara upAdhyAya ( vi0 saM0 1558 ) saMvegasundara upAdhyAya, bar3atapagacchake jayasundarasUrike ziSya the| unakI guru-paramparA isa prakAra thI : jayazekharasUri, jinasundarasUri, jinaratnasUri aura jysundrsuuri'| unakA samaya vi0 saM0 1548 ke Asa-pAsa mAnA jAtA hai| unhoMne 'sArasikhAmanarAsa'kI racanA vi0 saM0 1548 me kI thii| sArasikhAmanarAsa ___isa rAsameM 250 padya hai| uname jainadharma-sambandhI aneka zikSAoMkA ullekha huA hai| isakI bhASApara gujarAtIkA prabhAva hai| pArzvaprabhukI vandanA karate hue kavine likhA hai ki mai teIsaveM tIrthakara pArzvanAthake pairomeM, ekacitta hokara praNAma karatA huuN| mujhe yaha ekacittatA guruke prasAdase milI hai| 1. jainagurjarakavio, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 67, padya 233-234 / 2. panarasaI aDatAlaI saMvatsari, magasiri sudi dasamI guru mAnuSyapuri, nitu nitu maMgala jykrue| vahI, pRSTha 67, padya 235 / jayapurake bar3e mandirameM, sArasikhAmanarAsakI jo prati hai, usapara bhI racanAkAla 1548 vi0 saM0 hI aMkita hai| 3. vIsamA zrI pAsanAha prabhu kerA pAya , huM praNamuM ekacitta thaI lahI suguru pasAya // 1 //

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya devI sarasvatIse varadAna mAMgate hue kavine kahA, "he mAtA sarasvatI ! mai Apase eka vacana mAMgatA hU~ ki jo kavirAja mujhase pahale hue hai, merA mana unake caraNomeM lagA rhe| upAdhyAyajIne navakAra mantra aura caudaha pUrvoke prati bhaktikA pradarzana karate hue likhA hai, maiM NamokAra mantra aura caudaha pUrvokA dhyAna karatA huuN| unakI mahimA apAra hai, eka jihvAse varNana karate hue pAra nahI pAyA jA sktaa| zrutabhaktise anuprANita hokara unhoMne likhA hai, jo koI isa kAvyako hRdayame dhAraNa karatA hai, usake saba pApa dhula jAte haiM, aura atyadhika sukha prApta hotA hai| vaha duHkhasAgarase pAra ho jAtA hai| use avicala zivasukha milatA hai| zrI saMvegasundarane apane guru jayasundarakI bhI ArAdhanA kI hai| unake guru nirmala yazake dhAraNa karanevAle the| 15. IzvarasUri (vi0 saM0 1561 ) ____ IzvarasUri saNDeragacchake zrIzAntisUrike ziSya the| unakI guru-paramparA isa prakAra hai : yazobhadrasUri, zAlisUri, sumatisUri aura zAntisUri / zAntisUrikA samaya 1550 vi0 saM0 ke Asa-pAsa mAnA jAtA hai| isI samaya unhoMne 'sAgaradattarAsa' kI racanA kI thii| yahI IzvarasUrikA bhI samaya hai| unhoMne vi. saM0 1561 me lalitAMgacaritrako racanA kii| IzvarasUrine vi0 saM0 1597 meM, nADalAIke mandirame, AdinAthakI prAcIna pratimAkA uddhAra kara, use punaH prati1. mAtA sarasati devi kanhaI eka suvacana mAguM, je kavirAja AgaI hUAe teha caraNe lAguM // 2 // 2. dhyAU~ zrI navakAra maMtra ca uda purava sAra, varNavatAM eka jIbhaDIe na lahIjaI pAra // 3 // 3. "eka manAM je hiya dharIsaI, bhavanA saInAM pAtiga dhosaI, hosaI sukha teha ati dhaNUe / e hitasiSyA nitu haIi gharasyaI, dukhasAgara te nizcaya tarasyaI ziva sukha avicala pAMmasyai // 236-37 / / 4. yaza kIrati jeha niramala e jayasuMdara jeha saMveganidhi guru gaNaharue ArAdhu teha // 4 //

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi SThita kiyA thaa| isa pratimAko, zrI yazobhadrasUri, mantrazaktike balase vi0 saM0 994 me lAye the| ___ IzvarasUrikA dUsarA nAma devasundara bhI thaa| unhoMne 'jIvavicAraprakaraNavivaraNa', 'lalitAgacaritra', 'zrIpAla caupaI', 'saTIka SaTbhASAstotra', 'nandiSeNa munike chaha gIta', 'yazobhadraprabandha' aura 'sumaticaritra'kA nirmANa kiyaa| iname 'lalitAMgacaritra'kA dUsarA nAma 'rAsakacUDAmaNi' aura 'yazobhadraprabandha'kA dUsarA nAma 'phAlgucintAmaNi' bhI hai| 'sumaticaritra'kI racanA vi0 saM0 1581 me dIvAlIke dina, nADalAIke mandirame huI thii| usakI bhASA saMskRta hai|' 'lalitAMgacaritra' hindI bhASAkA kAvya hai| lalitAMgacaritra ___isame nRpa lalitAMgakA caritra varNita hai| lalitAMga bhagavAn jinendrakA parama bhakta thaa| ataH isa kAvyakA mUla svara bhaktise hI sambandhita hai| isakI bhASA hindI hai; jisameM prAkRta aura apabhraMzake zabdokA prayoga adhika huA hai| usapara gujarAtIkA bhI prabhAva hai| IzvarasUrike guru zAntisUrike 'sAgaradatta caritra'me bhI prAkRta, apabhraMza aura gujarAtIkA mizraNa hai| ___ isa kAvyame solaha prakArake chandoMkA prayoga huA hai| ve chanda isa prakAra hai : gAthA, dUhA, rAsATaka, SaTpada, kuNDaliyA, rasAullA, vastu, indravajropendravajrA, aDilla, maDilla, kAvyAbolI, aDillAbolI, sUDabolI, varNanabolI, yamakabolI, chappaya aura sortthii| isa bhAMti yaha kAvya vividha chandome to nibaddha hai hI, zreSTha alaMkAra aura sarasa guNoMse bhI saMyukta hai| kavine svayaM isake kAvya-saundaryako prazaMsA karate hue likhA hai, va "sAlaMkArasamasthaM sacchandaM sarasasuguNasaMjuttaM / laliyaMgakumaracariyaM lalaNAlaliyamba nisuNeha // // " paM0 nAthUrAma premIne bhI isake bAhya aura antaH donoM ho prakArake saundaryako prazaMsA kI hai| 1. prAcIna jainalekhasaMgraha, muni jinavijayajI sampAdita, dvitIya bhAga, 336vA~ lekh| 2. jainagurjarakavizro, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 107 / 3. jainagurjarakavibho, tIjo bhAga, pRSTha 532 / 4. hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, pRSTha 34 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya bhagavAn pArzvaprabhuke pUrvabhavakA nAma lalitAMga thA / unhoMne jinendrakI bhakti - se hI tIrthaMkara pada prApta kiyA thA / ataH yaha caritra, pArzvaprabhuke hI pUrvabhavakA caritra hai / isI kAraNa kavine isako 'puNya caritra' kahA hai, "iya puNyavariya prabaMdha, laliaMga nRpasaMbaMdha | pahu pAsa cariyaha citta, uddhariya eha carita // 73 // | " 71 zrI IzvarasUrine, mAlavAke rAjA nasIruddIna ( 1498-1512 I0 ) ke pradhAnamantrI zrIpuMja ( zrImAlI vaMza ) kI prArthanAse, isa lalita kAvyakA nirmANa, vi0 saM0 1561 meM kiyA thA / kavine 'lalitAMgacaritra' ke prArambhame hI Adiprabhu RSabhadeva aura teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAthako namaskAra karate hue likhA hai, "paDhama Dhama jiNaMda, padama nivaM padama dhamma dhura dharaNe / vasaha vasaha jiNesaM namAmi suranAbhiya payadevaM // 1 // siri AsaseNa naravara, vizAlakula bhamara bhogiMdA / modi sahiya pAso, disau siri tumha pahu pAso // 2 // " 16. catarumala ( vi0 saM0 1571 ) kavi catarumalakA janma zrImAlavaMzameM huA thA / unake pitAkA nAma jasavanta thaa| ve bar3e hI dharmAtmA aura sadAcArI vyakti the / unake ghara putra janma huA, jisakA nAma cataru rakhA gayA / cataru jyoM-jyoM bar3hane lagA, usame jainadharmakI niSThA bhI bar3hatI gayI | jaina purANoMke adhyayanase, unakA mana nemozvarake caritrame vizeSa rUpase ramA / unhoMne vi0 saM0 1571 meM nemIzvaragItakI racanA kI kavi catarumala 'gar3ha gopAcalu' arthAt gvAliyarake rahanevAle the / usa samaya 1. jainagurjarakavi, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 105 / 2. zrAvaga sirImala aru jasavanta, nihacai jiya dharma dharaMta / caru calana bhavi vaMdato, putra eka tAke~ ghara bhayo / janamata nAu caturu tina liyo, jainadharma diThu jIyahu dharI / nemi carita tAkai mana rahe, suni purAna ura gAno kahe // 1 // AmerazAstra bhaNDArakI hastalikhita prati / yaha prati 1820 vi0 saM0 kI hai| isameM 44 padya haiM / 3. vahI, padya 2 /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi mahArAjA mAnasiMha gvAliyarake rAjA the| kavine mahArAjAke viSayame likhA hai ki mahArAja mAnasiMhakA dhairya, bhujabala aura sAhasa jaga-prasiddha thaa| usake rAjyame saba sukhI the, aura rAjAke samAna hI prajA bhI sukhoMkA upabhoga karatI thii| unake rAjyame jainadharmakA bhI bahuta prakArase prasAra ho rahA thaa| pratyeka zrAvaka pratidina, chaha Avazyaka karmokA anivArya rUpase sampAdana karatA thaa| kavi catarumala bhI, jaina-dharmame niSThA rakhate hue bhagavAn nemIzvarake gIta gAte the| nemIzvara gIta yaha eka choTA-sA gIta hai| isa gItakA sambandha bhagavAn nemIzvara aura rAjulake prasiddha kathAnakase hai| prArambhameM hI kavine, apane bhakti-pUrNa bhAvoMko prakaTa karate hue, likhA hai ki bhagavAn jinendrako namaskAra karanevAlA jIva bhavasamudrase pAra ho jAtA hai, paMcaguruoMko praNAma karanese mukti milatI hai, zAradAko manAnese apAra buddhi upajatI hai, aura jAdaurAya bhagavAn nemIzvarake gIta gAnese guru gautama prasanna hote hai| antameM bhI likhA hai ki isa gItako par3hane aura sunanese jJAna utpanna hotA hai| pratyeka jIvakA kartavya hai ki manako nizcaya karake nemIzvarakI bhaktimeM lagAye, "paDhata sunata jI upajyai gyAna, mana nihacala kari jiya dharahu / rAjamatI jina saMjamu liyau, nemI kuMvara nemI sayala mavI nayau / nemi kuMvara nemi jina baMdi hai|" 1. nemi""desu sukha sayala nidhAna, gar3ha gopAcalu uttima ThAna / eka sovanakA laMkA jasi, to varu rAu sabala varavIra / bhuva bala Ayu ju sAhasa dhIra, mAnasiMha jama jAniye / tAke rAja sukhI saba logu, rAja samAna karahiM dina bhogu / jainadharma bahu vidhi cala, zrAvaga dina ju karai SaTakarma / nihace citu lAvahi jinadharma, nemi kuMvara nemi jina vaMdi hai| nemIzvaragIta, padya 1 / 2. prathama calana jina svAmi juhAru, jyoM bhava sAyaru pAvahi pAra / lahai mukati duti duti tirai, paMca parama guru tribhuvana sAru // sumirata upajai buddhi apAru, sArada manAviu tohi / guru gautama mo diuM pasIu jo guna gAMu jAdurAi /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 17. bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa (vi0 saM0 1572) jJAnabhUSaNa nAmake cAra bhaTTAraka hue haiN| cAroM hI mUlasaMgha, sarasvatIgaccha aura balAtkAragaNase sambandhita the, kintu unakI zAkhAeM bhinna-bhinna thiiN| prathama jJAnabhUSaNa IDara zAkhAke bhaTTAraka sakalakIttike praziSya aura bhuvanakAttike ziSya the| 'jaina dhAtupratimA-lekhasaMgraha' se prakaTa hai ki ve sAgabAr3e ( bAgar3a ) ko gaddIpara vi0 saM0 1532 se 1557 taka AmIna rhe| taduparAnta apane ziSya vijayakottiko bhaTTArakIya padapara pratiSThita kara svayaM adhyAtmarasameM magna rahane lage / ve gujarAtake rahanevAle the| unakI khyAti caturdikme vyApta thii| unhone kevala mandiroMkA nirmANa, mUttiyoMkI pratiSThA aura vividha tIrthakSetroMkI yAtrAe~ hI nahIM kI, apitu vibhinna dezoMkI janatAko AdhyAtmika rasakA pAna bhI kraayaa| ve vyAkaraNa, chanda, alaMkAra, sAhitya, tarka aura adhyAtma Adi zAstrarUpI kamaloMpara vihAra karaneke lie rAjahaMsa the aura zuddha dhyAnAmRtakI unhe lAlasA thii| 'paramArthopadeza', 'Atmasambodhana' aura 'tattvajJAnataraMgiNI' unakI vidvattAke dyotaka hai / gujarAto unakI mAtRbhASA thii| unhoMne hindImeM 'AdIzvaraphAgu' kI racanA kI thii| dUsare jJAnabhUSaNa ve the, jinakA sambandha sUrata zAkhAse thaa| unakI guruparamparA isa prakAra mAnI jAtI hai : devendrakIti (vi0 saM0 1493 ), vidyAnandi (1499-1537 ), mallibhUSaNa (1544-1555), lakSmIcanda (15561582), vIracanda ( 1583-1600) / jJAnabhUSaNa vIracandake ziSya the| unake pazcAt jJAnabhUSaNa hI bhaTTAraka bane aura vi0 saM0 1600 se 1616 taka bhaTTAraka padapara pratiSThita rhe| unhoMne 'jIvandhararAsa', 'siddhAntasArabhASya', 'kammapayaDI TIkA' aura 'poSaha rAsakA' nirmANa kiyA thaa| 1. saMvat 1542 varSe jyeSTha sudi 8 zano shriimuulsNdhe......|| sakalakIti tatpaTTe bha0 zrI bhuvanakIti tatpaTTe bha0 zrI jJAnabhUSaNa gurUpadezAt jAgaDA poravADa jJAtIya sa0 vAju mnoju"""|| anekAnta, varSa 4, pR0 502 / 2. zrI buddhisAgaramUri, jaina dhAtupratimA-lekhasaMgraha, prathama bhAga, 567, 672 aura 1506 pratimA lekh| 3. nandisaMgha paTTAvalI, jainasiddhAntabhAskara, cauthI kiraNa, pR0 43-45 / 4. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, joharApurakara sempAdita, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, vi0 saM0 2014, pR0 163-167 / 5. zrI paramAnanda zAstrI, poSaharAsa aura bhaTTAraka zAnabhUSaNa, anekAnta, varSa 13, kiraNa 4-5, pR0 116 /

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hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi tIsare jJAnabhUSaNa aTerazAkhAke antargata hue haiM / isa zAkhAkA prArambha bhaTTAraka siMhakIttise huA thA / unhone aneka mUrtiyokI pratiSThA karAyI thI / unakA samaya vi0 saM0 1520 siddha hai / unake bAda dharmakItti aura tatpazcAt zIlabhUSaNa bhaTTAraka hue| jJAnabhUSaNa zIlabhUpaNake aneka ziSyome pramukha the, ataH unake uparAnta jJAnabhUSaNa hI bhaTTAraka bane / 'jyotiprakAza' ke eka ullekhase patA calatA hai ki unhoMne cirakAlase lupta hue jaina tithi-patrakI paddhatiko prakaTa kiyA thA / ve 17vI zatI ( vikrama ) ke dvitIya pAdame hue the / 74 cauthe jJAnabhUSaNa nAgaura zAkhAke bhaTTAraka ratnakItti (dvitIya) ke pazcAt bhaTTAraka padapara pratiSThita hue the| ratnakIrttikA samaya vi0 saM0 1745 se 1766 taka mAnA jAtA hai, ataH jJAnabhUSaNakA samaya isake uparAnta hI mAnA jA sakatA hai / unhone katipaya mUrtiyoMkI pratiSThAke atirikta koI sAhityika kArya nahI kiyA / yahA~ sambandha prathama jJAnabhUSaNase hai, jinhone hindIme 'AdIzvara phAgu'4 kI racanA kI thI / inake pUrva jinapadmasUrikA 'thUlabhaddaphAgu' aura rAjezvarasUrikA 'neminAthaphAgu' bana cuke the / 'phAgu' eka prakArakA lokagIta hai / yaha prAyaH vasantame gAyA jAtA thA / Age calakara usakA prayoga kisoke bhI Ananda- varNana aura saundarya nirUpaName hone lagA / jaina hindI kaviyoMne bhagavAn jinendrakI 1. saM0 1520 varSe ASAr3ha sudI 7 gurau zrI mUlasaMghe bha0 zrI jinacandra tatpaTTe bha0 zrI siMhakIrti laMbakaMcukAnvaye aulI vAstavye sAhu zrI dipo bhAryA iMdA iSTikApatha pratiSThitaM // jainasiddhAntabhAskara meM prakAzita pratimA lekha saMgraha, pR0 13 / bhaTTAraka sampradAya, lekhAMka 303 | 2. zrIjaina dRSTitithipatramiha praNaSTaM spaSTIcakAra bhagavAn karuNAdhurINaH / bAlAvabodhavidhinA vinaya prapadya zrIjJAnabhUSaNa gaNezamabhiSTumastam // bhaTTAraka saMpradAya, lekhAMka 316 / 3. nAgaurake paTTAdhIzoMkI prakAzita nAmAvalI, jainasiddhAntabhAskara 1, pR0 80, bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pAda TippaNa 53 / 4. isakI eka hastalikhita prati ( vi0 saM0 1634 ), zramerazAstra bhaNDAra jayapurameM kramasaMkhyA 65 para maujUda hai| yaha mAlapurA meM pANDe zrI DUgAkI preraNAse likhI gayI thI /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya mahimAke arthame 'phAgu'kA prayoga kiyA hai| banArasIdAsa Adi kaviyoMne 'adhyAtma phAguo' ko bhI racanA kii| _ 'AdozvaraphAgu' me saMskRta padya aura phira unhIkA bhAva hindI padyameM diyA gayA hai| isame bhagavAn AdIzvarakA samUcA jIvanavRtta vaNita huA hai| pratyeka tIrthakarakA jIvana paMcakalyANakome vibhakta hai aura isI rUpame upasthita karaneko paramparA pahalese calI A rahI thii| 'AdIzvaraphAgu' bhI isI zailIme likhA gayA hai / isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1551 me huI thii| isame 591 padya hai| samUce hindI sAhityame sUradAsakA bAlavarNana prasiddha hai| unhone bAlaka kRSNakI aneka manodazAoMkA citraNa kiyA hai| saca yaha hai ki ve isa kSetrameM akele nahIM the| madhyakAlIna jaina hindI kaviyone tIrthakarake garbha aura janmase sambandhita aneka manorama citroMkA aMkana kiyA hai| ina avasaropara honevAle vividha utsavoMkI chaTAko sUradAsa chU bhI na sake hai| yaha jaina kaviyoMkI apanI zailI thI, jo unhe apanI pUrva paramparAse hI upalabdha huI thii| isa kRtime AdIzvarake janmotsava-sambandhI aneka dRzya hai, jinhe kavine citravat hI upasthita kiyA hai / janmake pazcAt tatkAla hI indra bAlaka-AdIzvarako pANDuka zilApara snAna karAneke lie le gyaa| devagaNa bhIra-samudrase ratna-jaTita svarNa-kalazoMme jala bhara-bharakara lAne lge| usa samaya vibhinna bAjoMse vividha dhvaniyAM prasphuTita ho utthii| unake lie upayukta zabdoMkA cunAva kavi-sAmarthyakA dyotaka hai, "Ahe ratana jaDita ati moTAu moTAu lIghau kuMma, kSIra samudra zakU pUrIya pUrIya ANIyU aMma // 8 // Ahe dumi mi tabalIya vajjai ghrami ghrami machala nAda TaNaNa TaNaNa TaMkArava jhiNi jhiNi jhallara sAda // 8 // " AdIzvarakI mAne use motiyoMkA eka moTA-sA hAra pahanA diyA hai| usase bAlakakA saundarya bar3hA nahI / vaha eka bojhA-mAtra banakara raha gyaa| kintu becArI mAM apane dilako kyA kre| vaha apane putrako vividha AbhUSaNoMse sajAnA hI cAhatI hai / vaha socatI hai ki bAlakakA svAbhAvika saundarya isase aura bhI bar3ha jaayegaa| mAMkI yaha atRpti bhI kitanI svAbhAvika hai / 1. Ahe ekANau adhikA zata paMcasa loka pramANa / sUdhau maNisiI likhisiI te nara atihiM sujANa // AdIzvara phAgu, AbherazAstrabhaNDArakI hastalikhita prati, 262vaoN padya /

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76 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi "Ahe koTai moTA motIyanu pahirAvyu hAra / pahirIyAM bhUSaNa raMgina aMgi lagA raja bhAra // 48 // " kavine bAlakake prAkRtika saundaryako vividha upamAnoke dvArA aMkita kiyA hai| usakA mukha pUrNamAmIke candra ke samAna hai| anapama hai| saMsArake kisI padArthase usakI tulanA nahIM kI jA sktii| usake hAtha kalpavRkSako zAkhake samAna hai aura ve ghuTano taka lambe hai, arthAt usa bAlakake mahApuruSa honeko sUcanA dete hai, "Ahe mukha jisu pUnima caMda nariMdana mita pada pITha / tribhuvana bhavana majhAri sarIkhau koI na dITha // mAhe kara surataru varaM zAkha samAna sajAnu pramANa / teha sarIkhau lahakahIM bhUpa sarUpahiM jANi // 144,146 // " kAvya-saundarya kavikI kalpanApara nirbhara karatA hai| vaha jitanI urvarA hogo, saundarya utanA hI adhika hogA / yahA~ usakI kamI nahIM hai / bAlakake netra kamala-dalake samAna hai, arthAt kamalake patto-jaise dIrghAyata aura sundara hai / bAlakakI vANIme komalatA hai / bAlaka kevala bAhya saundaryase hI nahIM, apitu Antarika guNose bhI yukta hai| usame samUce guNa isa bhAMti bhare hue hai, jaise mAno zaradkAlIna sarovarame nirmala nIra bharA ho, "mAhe nayana kamala dala sama kila komala bolai vaannii| __zarada sarovara niramala sakala akala guNa khAni // 145 // " isI bhAMti kavine bhagavAnke nirantara bar3hanekA varNana kiyA hai / AdIzvara dina-dina isa bhA~ti bar3ha rahe hai, jaise dvitIyAkA candra pratidina vikasita hotA jAtA hai / unameM zanaiH-zanaiH Rddhi, buddhi aura pavitratA prasphuTita hotI jA rahI hai, jaise samAdhilatApara kundake phUla khila rahe hoM, "bhAhe dina-dina bAlaka bAdhai bIja taNu jima canda / riddhi vibuddhi vizuddhi samAdhilatA kula kuMda / / 92 // " yauvana Anepara AdIzvara samrAT bane / eka dina unake darabArame nIlAMjanA nAmakI nartakI nRtya karate-karate hI divaMgata ho gayo / samrATake hRdayame vairAgyakA bhAva udaya huaa| ve socane lage, Ayu kamala-dalake samAna caMcala hai tathA yauvana aura dhana karatalake nIrakI bhAMti asthira hai / putra, kalatra aura sumitrase moha hotA hai, kintu vicAra to yaha karanA hai ki marate samaya kauna sAtha detA hai, "mAhe Ayu kamala dala sama caMcala capala zarIra / yauvana dhana iva athira karama jima karatala nIra // 16 // '

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77 jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya "Ahe putra kalatra sumitra taNIya dhaNIya chaha Athi / teha maMjhAri vicAri kahu kuNa Avai sAthi / / 180 // " unakA kathana hai ki AtmAke binA yaha zarIra kisI kAma nahI AtA, jaise sugandhake binA puSpa nirarthaka hI hai : "Ahe kusuma asama parimala lImadhau kahu kehau sAra / Atama nai nahIM lAma zarIri na puSTa lagAra // 18 // " aneka jaina kavi aise hue hai, jo eka ora saMskRta evaM prAkRtake viziSTa vidvAn the, arthAt siddhAnta aura tarkazAstrake pAragAmI tairAka the, to dUsarI ora sahRdaya bhI kama na the| unakA kAvya unakI sahRdayatAkA pratIka hI hai / kavi jJAnabhUSaNakI gaNanA aise hI kaviyoMme kI jAtI hai / 18. bhaTTAraka zubhacandra (vi0 saM0 1573 ) ___ bhaTTAraka zubhacandra padmanandiko paramparAme hue hai / unakA krama isa prakAra hai : padmanandi, sakalakotti, bhuvanakotti, jJAnabhUSaNa, vijayakItti aura zubhacandra' / isa bhauti ye jJAnabhUSaNake praziSya aura vijayakIttike ziSya the| inhoMne bhaTTAraka zrI jJAnabhUSaNakI preraNAse hI vAdirAjasUrike pArzvanAtha kAvyako paMjikA TIkA likhI thii| bhaTTAraka zubhacandrakA samaya solahavI zatAbdIkA uttarArddha aura satarahavIMkA pUrvArddha mAnA jAtA hai / unhoMne saM0 1573 me AcArya amRtacandrake samayasAra kalazoMpara adhyAtmataragiNI nAmakI TIkA likhI thI, aura saM0 1613 me varNI kSemacandrakI prArthanAse 'svAmIkAttikeyAnuprekSA' kI saMskRta TIkA kI / ataH unakA racanAkAla to nizcaya rUpase vi0 saM0 1573 se 1613 taka mAnA hI jA sakatA hai / unake janma aura mRtyuke viSayameM kucha bhI jJAta nahIM ho skaa| ___ bhaTTAraka zubhacandra apane samayake gaNyamAnya vidvAn the| unakA saMskRta bhASApara adhikAra thaa| unhe 'trividhividyAdhara' aura 'SabhASAkavicakravartI kI padaviyAM milI huI thii| nyAya, vyAkaraNa, siddhAnta, chanda, alaMkAra Adi viSayoMmeM unakI vidvattA apratima thii| 1. pANDavapurANaprazasti, anta bhAga, zloka 167-171, jainagranthaprazastisaMgraha, prathama __ bhAga, pRSTha 46-50 / 2. paM0 nAthUrAma premI, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pRSTha 383 /

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hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ne 'pANDavapurANa' kI racanA vi0 saM0 1608 me kI thI / tatpazcAt unhone vi0 saM0 1611 me karakaNDucaritra aura vi0 saM0 1613 me 'svAmIkArtikeyAnuprekSA' kI TIkA likhI / 'pANDavapurANa' kI prazastime, unake dvArA likhe gaye 25 granthokA ullekha huA hai| zrI kastUracandrajI kAsalIvAlane unake 40 se bhI adhika granthokI sUcanA dI hai| bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ne hindIme 'tattvasAra dUhA' kI racanA kI thI / 1 78 tatvasAra dUhA isakI hastalikhita prati 'TholiyAna jaina mandira, jayapura' ke zAstra bhaNDArame maujUda hai| isame 99 padya hai / bhASApara gujarAtIkA adhika prabhAva hai / sarala bhASA meM uttama bhAva sannihita ho sake hai| mokSakA nirUpaNa karate hue kavine likhA hai, niHzeSa hoya vinAza / "karmakalaMka vikArano re mokSa tava zrI jina kahI, jANavA bhAvu zralpAsa ||26|| " kavine varNa aura jAtiyoke bhedako kRtrima mAnA hai| unakI dRSTime sabhI jIvokI AtmA samAna hai / AtmAme brAhmaNatva athavA zUdratva nahIM A sakatA, kyoMki usakA svarUpa taratamAMza rUpa nahIM hai / isoko vyakta karate hue kavine kahA hai, "ucca nIca navi appA huvi, karmakalaMka taNo kI tu soi / baMmaNa kSatriya vaizya na zudra, appA rAjA navi hoya kSudra // 70 // " AtmA pavitra hai / vaha ghanI- nirdhana, durbala-sabala, harSa-dveSa, aura sukha-du:kha sabase pare hai / ye doSa use nahIM satAte, "appA dhani navi navi nirdhanna, navi durbala navi appA dhanna / mUrkha harSa dveSa navi te jIva, navi sukhI navi dukhI atIva // 71 // " 1. vahI, pRSTha 384 2. prazastisaMgraha, zrIkastUracanda kAsalIvAla sampAdita / zrImahAvIrajI atizayakSetra kameTI, jayapura, prastAvanA, pRSTha 12 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 79 eka sthAnapara kavine likhA hai ki zuddha cidAnandarUpa apanA bhAva hI jJAna hai / usakA cintavana karanese moha-mAyA dUra ho jAte haiM, aura siddhi prApta hotI hai / AtmAko siddhime hI sukha milatA hai, anyathA nahI, "jJAna nija bhAva zuddha cidAnanda, cItato mUko mAyA moha geha dehae / siddhataNAM sukhaji mala harahi, mAtmA bhAva zubha ehae / / 91 // " guruko mahimAkA ullekha karate hue kavine svIkAra kiyA hai ki gurukI kRpAke binA, zuddha cidrUpake dhyAna karanese kucha nahI hogaa| gurukI kRpAse hI zuddha svarUpa prApta ho sakegA, "zrI vijayakIrtti guru mani dharI, dhyAUM zuddha cidrapa / bhaTTAraka zrI zubhacaMdra maNi thA tu zuddha sarUpe // 9 // " aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa kAvyako racanA, kinhIM 'dulahA' nAmake dharmaprANa vyaktiko preraNAse kI gayI thI / sthAna-sthAnapara usakA nAma AyA hai, "roga rahita saMgIta sukhI re, saMpadA pUraNa ThANa / dharmabuddhi mana zuddhi DI, 'dulahA' anukrami jANa // 9 // " caturvizati-stuti __ bhaTTAraka zubhacandrakI yaha kRti, zrI digambara jaina mandira badhIcandajI, jayapurame maujUda hai / isakI bhASApara bhI gujarAtIkA prabhAva hai| kSetrapAla gIta ____pATaudI di0 jaina mandira, jayapura guTakA naM0 53 meM 69vIM saMkhyApara nibaddha hai / isa guTakekA lekhana-kAla vi0 saM0 1775 hai| aSTAhnikA gIta ____ yaha gIta bhI uparyukta mandirake hI guTakA naM0 216 me pR0 21 para saMkalita hai|

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80 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi 19. vinayacandra muni (16vIM zatI prathama pAda ) ___ muni vinayacandra, mAthura saMghIya bhaTTAraka bAlacandrake ziSya the| ve vinayacandrasUrise spaSTatayA pRthak hai / vinayacandrasUri caudahavIM zatAbdIke ratnasiMhasUrike ziSya the| ___ muni vinayacandra, giripurake rAjA ajayanarezake rAjya-kAlame hue hai| unhoMne ajayanarezake rAja-vihArame baiThakara hI apane 'cUnar3I' kAvyakA nirmANa kiyA thaa| ajaya narezakA samaya 16vIM zatAbdIkA prArambha mAnA jAtA hai, ataH yaha siddha hai ki vinayacandrakA racanAkAla bhI yaha hI hai| isake atirikta jisa guTakeme 'cUnar3I' kAvya likhA huA milA hai, vaha vikrama saMvat 1576 kA likhA huA hai| isase siddha hai ki kAvyakA nirmANa vi0 saM0 1576 se pUrva hI ho cukA thaa| 'cunar3I" cUnar3I eka prakArako oDhanI hai, jise raMgareja bhinna-bhinna prakArake bela-bUTe 1. mAthura-saMghaha~ udaya muNIsaru / paNavivi bAlaiMdu guru gaNa-haru // muni vinayacandra, cUnar3IM, dUsarA patha, prathama do paMktiyA~, anekAnta, varSa 5, kiraNa 6-7, pR0 258 / 2. jainagurjarakavio, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 5 / 3. ti-huyaNi giripuru jagi vikkhAyau / sagga-khaMDu NaM ghara-yali aayu|| tahiM NivasaMte muNivareM, ajaya gariMdaho rAya-vihArahiM / vegeM viraiya cUnaDiya sohahu, muNivara je suya dhArahiM // 31 // anekAnta, varSa 5, kiraNa 5-6, pRSTha 261 / / 4. yaha guTakA, paM0 dIpacandajI paMDayAko, ajamera jileke derATU nAmaka gaoNvake jaina mandirase sambandhita zAstrabhaNDArameM milA thaa| yaha guTakA, kurujAMgala dezake antargata suvarNapatha durgameM sonIpata nagarameM, vi0 saM0 1576 jyeSTha kRSNA pratipadAko, sikandarazAhake putra sultAna ibrAhImake rAjyakAlameM likhA gayA thaa| anekAnta, varSa 5, kiraNa 6-7, pRSTha 257 / 5. yaha kAvya, zrI digambara jaina bar3A mandira jayapurake guTakA naM0 183 meM bhI aMkita hai| yaha guTakA vi0 saM0 1570 vaizAkha sadI kA likhA huA hai|

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya DAlakara raMgatA hai| kAvyako cUnar3I vaha hai, jo bikhare prakIrNakoMse chApI gayI ho| ise 'cuNNI' yA 'cUNi' bhI kahate hai| muni vinayacandrake isa kAvyame, eka patnIne patise aisI 'cUnar3I' chapAnekI prArthanA kI hai, jise or3hakara jina-zAsaname vicakSaNatA prApta ho jaaye| 'cUnar3o' me sAketika rUpase jainadharma-sambandhI carcAoMkA saMkalana hai| unheM par3hakara jainadharmake prati zraddhAkA janma hotA hai| patnIko pUrA vizvAsa hai ki aisI 'cUnar3I' meM se, zaradkAlako junhayAko bhAMti zItala prakAza chiTakegA, jisase samUcA ajJAnAndhakAra naSTa ho jaayegaa| usakI icchA hai ki vaha zItala junhAI, usake hRdayame vaise hI nivAsa kare, jaise mAnasarovarame haMsavadhU rahatI hai, "paNavau~ komala-kuvalaya-NayaNI amiya gaDama jnn-siv-yr-vynnii| pasAravi sAnaMda jorAha jima jA aMdhArau sayalu vi NAsaha / sA mahu Nivasau mANasahi haMsa-vadhU jima devi sarAsai // // " patnIne moha mahAtamako tor3aneke lie dinakarake samAna paMcaguruse bhI prArthanA kI hai ki usakA pati aisI cUnar3I lAve, jisake sahAre vaha bhava-samudrase pAra ho ske| 'cUnar3I' kI bhASAme, prAkRta aura apabhraMzake zabdoMkA prayoga adhika huA hai| 1. hIrA dNt-pti-pyddtii| gorau piu bolai vihasaMtI / / suMdara jAi su ceihari, mahu daya kijjau suhaya sulakkhaNa / lai chipAvahi cUnaDiya hau~ jiNa-sAsaNi suThTha viyakkhaNa // 3 // 2. viNaeM vaMdivi paMca-guru, moha-mahA-tama-toDaNa-diNayara / NAha lihAvahi cUnaDiya muddhau pabhaNai piu joDivi kara / pahalA dhruvaka / 11

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hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi usakA samUcA rUpa prAcIna hindIkA hai / isame kula 31 pa hai / isa eka vistRta saMskRta TIkA bhI hai, kintu usake racayitAkA nAma usameM nahI diyA hai / nirjhara paMcamIvidhAnakathA isa kathA meM bhaviSyadattakA caritra likhA gayA hai| bhaviSyadatta, bhagavAn jinendrakA parama bhakta thA / kathAkA mUla svara bhaktise hI sambandhita hai / prArambha hI kavine paMcaguru, zAradA aura apane guruke guru, muni udayacandakI vandanA kI hai, 82 " paNavivi paMca mahAguru, sArada dharivi maNe / udayacaMdu muNi vaMdivi, sumarivi cAla muNe // " kavikA vizvAsa hai ki jo koI bhavyajana isa kathAko par3hatA aura paDhAtA hai, usake saba pApa kSaNa-mAtrame naSTa ho jAte hai / kintu aisA tabhI ho sakatA hai, jaba ki vaha garva aura krodhase mukta ho, aura usakA mana vazameM ho, "bhaviyahu par3ha par3hAvahu duriyahu dehu jale | mANu ma karahu ma rUsahu, maNu khaMcahu acalo // " antima // kavikA yaha bhI kathana hai ki jisa bhAvanAse prerita hokara yaha paMcamI kathA kahI gayI hai, vaha samyak bhAva avicala siddhike darzana karAneme pUrNa samartha hai, " jeNa bhaNati bhaDArA paMcamiyaM vaya ho / mhahi te darisAviya avicala siddhipaho // " antima // isa kathAkI bhASA bhI prAcIna hindI hai, jisame apabhraMza aura prAkRtake zabdoMkA mizraNa hai / 4 paMcakalyANakarA tIrthaMkara ke garbha, janma, tapa, jJAna aura mokSako paMcakalyANaka kahate haiM / 1. yaha kAnya anekAnta, varSa 5, kiraNa 6-7 meM pRSTha 258-261 taka prakAzita ho cukA hai| 2. dekhie paMcAyatI mandira dillI, masajida khajUrake sarasvatI bhaNDArakI eka hastalikhita, prAcIna prati / 3. muni vinayacandra, nirjharapaMcamIvidhAnakathA, hastalikhita prati, paMcAyatI mandira, dillI, prathama padya | 4. paMcAyatI mandira dillI, masajida khajUrake bhaNDArakI hastalikhita prati hai / paM0 dIpacandrajI paNDayAke usa guTakemeM, jo unheM derATra gA~vase upalabdha huA hai, yaha racanA upalabdha hai /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya isa kAvyame caubIsa tIrthakaroke paMcakalyANakoko tithiyoMkA ullekha huA hai| vaha ullekha jainaAgamAnukUla hai, ataH prAmANika hai| kavine likhA hai ki tIrthakarake pAMca nirmala kalyANaka siddhi prApta karAne meM pUrNa rUpase samartha hai, "siddhi suhaMkara siddhipahu, paNavivi ti jayapayAsaNa kevala / siddhihiM kAraNa thuNamihau, sayalavi jiNakallANai niyamala // " kavikA vizvAsa hai ki bhagavAn jinendrake paMcakalyANakoMkI bhakti, nivir3a andhakArako vidIrNa karatI hai| vaha anekAneka vrata-upavAsoMke barAbara phala pradAna karatI hai, "eyamatta ekuji kallANau, vihi nidhiyaDi ahavaha gaTThANau / tihu AyaMbilu jiNu maNai, cauhu hoi upavAsa gihasthahaM / / ahavA sayalaha khabaNa vihiM, viNayacaMdi muNi kahiu samasthahaM / / " bhagavAn RSabhadeva, vAsupUjya, vimalanAtha aura namiprabhuko janma-tithiyokA ullekha karate hue kavine likhA hai, "paDhama parika duijahiM AsADhahiM, risaha gambhu tahi uttara sADhahiM / aMdhArI chaTTahiM tahimi, vaMdami bAsupUja gabbhucchau // vimalu susiddhau aTThamihiM, dasamihiM namijiNa jammaNu tahatau // " isa rAsakI bhI bhASA prAcIna hindI hI hai| usapara apabhraMza aura prAkRtakA prabhAva hai| 20. kavi ThakurasI ( vi0 saM0 1578 ) ____kavi ThakurasI, khaNDelavAla jAtime utpanna hue the| unakA gotra pahAr3ayA thaa| unake pitAkA nAma ghelha thA, jo eka kavi the| unakI mAtA dharmaniSTha thiiN| donoMkA hI prabhAva putrapara par3A, aura ThakurasI eka udAra kavi bana sake / unakA janma campAvatI nAmakI nagarIme huA thA, jo usa samaya dhanadhAnyAdise vibhUSita thii| vahA~ bhagavAn pArzvanAthakA eka jina-mandira bhI thA, jahA~ 1. ghelha sutanu guNa gAU~, jagi pragaTa ThakurasI naauuN| paMcendriya bela, prazasti / dIvAna badhIcandajI jayapurako hastalikhita prati, guTakA naM0 160, pR0 126 /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi baiThakara bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra dharmopadeza dete the / vahA~ toSaka nAmake vidvAn aura jINA, tAhU, pArasa, vAkulIvAla, nemidAsa, nAthUsi aura bhullaNa Adi uttama zrAvaka rahate the / 84 kavi ThakurasIne 'kRpaNa caritra', 'meghamAlAvratakathA', 'paMcendriya bela', 'nemIsurakI bela', 'pArzva sakuna sattAbattIsI', 'cintAmaNijayamAla', 'guNabeli' aura 'sImandharastavana' kI racanA kI thI / sabhIkI bhASA prAcIna hindIkA vikasita rUpa hai | usame yatra-tatra apabhraMzake zabdoMkA bhI prayoga huA hai / racanAeM sarasa hai / sabhI meM prasAdaguNa maujUda hai / kRpaNa-caritra 3 kavi isa kRtiko vi0 saM0 1580 me, pauSa mAsakI paMcamI ke dina pUrA kiyA thaa| isa kAvyame 35 chappaya hai / isame eka kaMjUsakA A~khoM-dekhA caritra citrita kiyA gayA hai / kavike nagarame hI eka kRpaNa rahatA thA / vaha kaMjUsa thA aura usakI patnI udAra tathA dhArmika | eka bAra patnIne sunA ki giranArakI yAtrAke lie saMgha jA rahA hai| usane vahA~ calanekA patise Agraha kiyaa| usane kahA ki vahA~ jAkara una bhagavAn neminAtha ke darzana kareMge, jinhone mUka pazuokI karuNa dazA se dravita ho vairAgya dhAraNa kiyA thaa| unakI vandanAse janma saphala hogA aura amara pada prApta kara sakeMge / vyayako bAta sunakara kRpaNa becaina huA aura apane eka dUsare kRpaNa mitrakI sammati se patnIko, usakI mA~ke ghara bheja diyA / 14, 1. paM0 paramAnanda zAstrI, kavivara ThakurasI aura unakI kRtiyA~, anekAnta, varSa kiraNa 1, pR0 12 / 2. yaha kAvya bambaIke digambara jaina mandirake sarasvatI bhaNDArameM, eka guTake meM likhA hai| 3. mai paMdarA sau asai, pauSa pAMca jagi jANyo / jisa kRpaNu ika dIThu, tisau guNu tAsu bakhANyo / bambaI ke digambara jaina mandirake sarasvatI bhaNDArakI hastalikhita prati 35va chappaya, uddhRta paM0 nAthUrAma premI, hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, bambaI, 1617 I0, pR0 35 | 4. paM0 paramAnanda zAstrI, kavivara ThakurasI aura unakI kRtiyA~, anekAnta, varSa 14, kiraNa 1, pRSTha 11 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya "kRpaNu kahai re mIta, majhu ghari nAri staavai| jAta cAli dhaNu kharaci, kahai jo mohi na mAvai // tihi kAraNa dubbalau, rayaNa dina bhUkha na laagai| mIta maraNu Aiyo, gujyu bhAkhau tU prAgai / / tA kRpaNa kahai re kRpaNa suNi, mIta na kara manamAhi dukhu / pIhari paThAi dai pApiNI, jyoM ko diNa tU hoi sukhkhu // " jaba saMgha yAtrAse lauTA to kRpaNane dekhA ki kaI loga asIma dhana kamAkara lAye hai / use apane na jAnepara duHkha huaa| isI duHkhase prapIr3ita hotA huA vaha maraNa-zayyApara leTa gyaa| usane lakSmIse prArthanA kI ki maine tumhArI jIvanabhara ekaniSThatAse sevA kI, aba tuma mere sAtha clo| lakSmIne uttara diyA, tUne na to devamandirome jAkara bhagavAnke darzana-pUjanAdime dhyAna lagAyA, aura na tIrtha yAtrA, pratiSThA tathA caturvidha saMghAdike poSaName dhana vyaya kiyA, ataH maiM tere sAtha nahI jA sktii| "lacchi kahai re kRpaNa jhUTha hauM kade na boloM, ju ko calaNa dui dei gaila lAgI tAsu caaloN| prathama calaNa mujhu ehu deva deharai uvijjaiN| dUje jAta pati? dANu causaMghahiM dijjai, ye cakaNa duve te bhaMjiyA tAhivihUNI kyauM clauN| jhakhamAri jAha tuM ho rahI vahuTi na saMgi thAre calauM / " lakSmIke isa uttarase atyadhika duHkhI hotA huA kRpaNa mara gyaa| patnIne usake dhanako puNya-kRtyoMme vyaya kiyaa| ___isa bhAMti isa kAvyakA mukhya aMza, kRpaNakI kRpaNatAse sambandhita hokara bhI, bhaktise yukta hai / jinendrakI bhakti, isa lokame to lakSmI-sampatti pradAna karatI hI hai, paralokame bhI puNya karmake udayase lakSmI-carama zobhA milatI hai, aisA isa kAvyakA niSkarSa hai| meghamAlAvratakathA __ kavi ThakurasIne isa kAvyakA nirmANa, campAvatI nAmakI nagarIme, vaNikputra mallidAsake kahanese, vi0 saM0 1580, zrAvaNa sudI chaThake dina kiyA thaa| 1. yaha kAvya, ajamerake bhaTTAraka harSakattike zAstrabhaNDArake eka guTakemeM aMkita hai| 2. hAthu va sAha mahatti mahaMte, pahAcaMda guru uyesNte| paNAdaha saiji asIte aggala sAvaNa mAsi chaThikhiya mNgl| meghamAlAvratakathA,antima prazasti,ane kAnta, varSa14, kiraNa 1, pR013, pAda-TippaNI /

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86 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi isame 115 kaDavaka aura 211 padya hai| ___ isa kAvyame meghamAlAvata karaneko vidhiyoMkA sAMgopAMga varNana huA hai| kathAme nibaddha honeke kAraNa, vidhiyoke ullekhame rUkSatA nahI Ane pAyI hai| yatra-tatra bhagavAn jinendra aura paMcaguruoko bhaktikI bAta bhI kahI gayI hai / paMcendriya vela ___ isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1585 me, kAttika sudI 13 ke dina huI thii| isame pA~ca indriyokI vAsanAkA citra upasthita kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi isakA mUla svara upadeza hai, kintu zailI itanI ramya hai ki pAThaka rasa-vibhora ho jAtA hai| isa kAvyameM kevala chaha padya hai| kavine pratyeka indriyakI hAni dikhalAneke lie, prAyaH dRSTAntoMkA sahArA liyA hai| isase kAvyako ramaNIyatA aura bhI bar3ha gayI hai| ghrANa indriyakA sambandha gandhase hai, aura gandhalolupI sadaiva hAni uThAtA hai, kavine yaha bhramarake dRSTAntase puSTa kiyA hai / eka bhramara kamalameM isalie banda ho gayA ki vaha rAtabhara usake rasako adhAkara le ske| kintu sUryodaya ke pUrva hI eka hAthI AyA aura kamalako nAlasahita ukhAr3akara pairose kucala diyA, jisase bhramarako bhI prANa tyAgane pdd'e| kavikA kathana hai ki ghrANa indriyako vazyatA svIkAra karane vAlokA yahI hAla hotA hai / 1. isakI eka hastalikhita prati, bhAmerazAstrabhaNDAra, jayapurameM maujUda hai| yaha vi0 saM0 1688 meM likhI gayI thii| eka prati nayA mandira dehalImeM bhI hai / 2. saMvat pandrAsaira picyAsyo, terasi sudi kAtiga mAse / i pAMca iMdrI vasi rAkhai, so harata parata sukha cAkheM / kavi ThakurasI, pacendriya bela, AmerazAstrabhaNDArakI prati / 3. "kamala payaTTho bhamara dini ghANa gandha rasa rUDha / ramaNi paDIto savuDyo nIsari sakyo na mUDha / so nIsari sakyau na mUDhau atighrANa gaMdharasa rUDhau / manacitai rayaNi gavAI, rasalessu Aji aghaaii| jaba Ugai lau ravi vimalau, saravara vigasai lo kmlo| taba nIsarisyau yaha chor3e rasulesyA Ai bahoDai / ciMtati titai gaju iku Ayau dinakaru ugiyA na paayo| jalu paiThi sarovara poyau nIsarata kamala pAkhaDI lIyo / gahi suMDi pAvatali cAMpyo ali mAryo tharahari kaMpyau / yaha gaMdha viSa vasi hUo ali ahala akhUTI muuvo| ali maraNa karaNa diThi dIjai ati gaMdhulIbhu nahi kojai // 3 // " paMcendriya bela, paM0 paramAnanda zAstrI, kavivara ThakurasI aura unakI kRtiyA~ anekAnta, varSa 14, kiraNa 1, pRSTha 13 //

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87 jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya ___ sparzendriyako viSamatA dikhalAte hue kavine likhA hai ki isI indriyake kAraNa vaname svacchanda vicaranevAlA hAthI, loheko zRMkhalAome baMdhatA hai, aura akuzake dhAvoMko sahana karatA hai / kIcaka, rAvaNa aura zaMkarane bhI isI indriyake kAraNa anekoM duHkha uThAye the| nemIsurako bela ___ isakA dUsarA nAma 'nemirAjamatI bela' bhI hai| isakA koI spaSTa saMvat nahIM diyA hai, kintu anumAna hai ki uparyukta racanAoke Asa-pAsa hI yaha bhI racA gayA hogaa| isame bhagavAn neminAtha aura rAjulake jIvanakA paricaya hai| isame tIrthakara nemIzvarakI bhakti hI pradhAna hai| pArzvanAtha sakuna sattA battIsI isa kAvyako racanA vi0 saM0 1578 me huI thii| isakI hastalikhita prati, paM0 lUNakarajIke mandira, jayapurame, guTakA naM0 25 me aMkita hai| guNa bela ___isakI hastalikhita prati, paM0 lUNakarajIke mandira, jayapurame guTakA naM0 92 me likhI hai / yaha guTakA saM0 1721 kA likhA huA hai| 'cintAmaNijayamAla' aura 'sImandhara-stavana'kA ullekha paM0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAlane kiyA hai| 1. vana taruvara phala saphiri, paya pIvata hu svacchaMda / parasaNa indro preriyo, bahu dukha sahai gayanda // bAMdhyo pAga saMkula ghAle, so kiyo masakai cAle / parasaNa prerahaM dukha pAyo, tini aMkuza ghAvA dhAyo / / paMcendriya bela, nayAmandira dehalIkI hastalikhita prati / 2. parasaNa rasa kocaka pUrayo, gahi bhIma zilAtala cuurcau| parasaNa rama rAvaNa nAmai, vArayo laMkesura rAmai / parasaNa rasa zaMkara rAcyau, tiya Age naTa jyoM nAcyo / 3. yaha kAvya, zrI di0 jaina baDA mandira jayapurake guTakA naM063 meM, aura zrI di0 jaina mandira badhIcandajI, jayapurake guTakA naM0 25 meM aMkita hai / 4. rAjasthAnake jaina zAstramaNDAroMkI grantha sUcI, bhAga 3, prastAvanA, pRSTha 14 /

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hindI jaina-bhakti kAvya aura kavi 21. vinayasamudra (vi0 saM0 1583) vinayasamudra, upakezagacchake harSasamudrake ziSya the| harSasamudrake bhI gurukA nAma siddhisUri thaa| vinayasamudrakA racanA-kAla vi0 saM0 1583 se 1605 taka mAnA jA sakatA hai| unhoMne vi0 saM0 1583 me 'vikrama prabandha caupaI kI aura vi0 saM0 1605 meM 'rohiNeya rAsa' kI racanA kI thii| isa samaya unakI ATha racanAeM upalabdha hai, sabhI uparyukta samayake antargata hI racI gyiiN|| ve racanAeM isa prakAra hai : "vikramaprabandha caupaI', 'ArAmazobhA caupaI', 'aMbaDa caupaI', 'mRgAvatI caupaI', 'candanabAlA rAsa', 'citrasenapadmAvatI rAsa' aura 'padmacaritra' / inameM aMbaDaca upaI zrI muniratnasUrike saMskRtameM likhe gaye 'aMbaDacaritra'kA bhAvArtha lekara likhI gayI hai, avaziSTa sabhI maulika hai / ina racanAoMpara gujarAtIkA vizeSa prabhAva hai| vinayasamudrakI kRtiyoMmeM bhaktike uddharaNa _ 'vikramaprabandha rAsa me 469 padya haiN| isake prArambhameM hI sarasvatIkI vandanA karate hue kavine likhA hai, "devi sarasati prathama praNavevi, vINA pustaka dhaarinnii| caMdra vihaMsi su prasaMsi varulai kAsamIrapura vAsiNI // " 'padmacaritra meM sItAkA caritra pradhAna hai| usake zIlakI mahimAkA varNana 1. zrI uvaesagacha gaNavara sUri, caraNa karaNa guNa kiraNa mayUra / rayaNa praNu guNagaNa bhUri, tasu anukrami jaMpai siddhasUri // teha nai vAcaka harSa samudra tasu jasu ujala bIra samudra / tasu vinaye vina yA buddhi eha, racyu prabaMdha nirakhi taNeha // vikramaprabandha rAsa, padya 467-468, rAjasthAnake jainazAstramaNDAroMkI granthasUcI; bhAga 3, pRSTha 266 / 2. aMbaDa moTau hUyo visAla, tAsu caritra suNI rasAla, zrI muniratna sUrino kahyo, tehathakI bhAvAratha lhyo| aMbaDa caupaI, antima prazasti, 11vaoN padya, jainagurjarakavio, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 166 / 3. yaha kAvya, jayapurake TholiyoMke di0 jaina mandirake guTakA naM0 102 meM aMkita hai| racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1583 diyA hai| 4. padmacaritrakI racanA vi0 saM0 1604 meM huI thii| isakI eka hastalikhita prati udayapurake zAstrabhaNDArameM maujUda hai| yaha prati vi0 saM0 1656, ASAr3ha mAsa, zuklapakSa 14 kI likhI huI hai| jainagurjarakavio, bhAga 1, pR0 170 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya karate hue kavine likhA hai ki jo koI isako kahatA aura sunatA hai, usake manakI sabhI AzAe~ pUrNa ho jAtI hai, "kIdhI kathA e sItA taNI, sIlataNI mahimA jasu vaNI / mAI maNijya bahuguNa puNI, pUrai trAsa sadA mana taNI // 170 // " 89 9 'ArAma zobhA caupaI' ' ke Adime bhagavAn arihanta aura ratnatrayakI mahimA - kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, "zrI jina zAsani jagi jayau, jiNi rAjA arihaMta / dayA dharma bhASau malau, bhaya bhaMjaNa bhagavaMta ||1|| jiNavari bhASyA zrImukhai, bolaI trinni supavitta | jJAna anaI darisaNa valI, caraNa tatva guNajanta // 2 // ratnatraya je nara lahI, pAlaI te nara dhanya / afa vizeSi daMsaNa lahI, sukha saMyoga supunya || 3 || " 'mRgAvatI caupaI' ke Arambhame bhI zAradA, guru, caubIsa tIrthaMkara aura bhagavAn arihantakI vandanA kI gayI hai, "sAmaNi devati zAradA, sugurujI harSa samudra | afts samaratha caDabIsa jiNa, vAraNa bhavaha samudra // 1 // zrI jinazAsana vara nayara, rAjA zrI arihaMta / samavasaraNa laIThA sabhA, bhASai zrI bhagavanta // 2 // " 'citrasenapadmAvatI rAsa" meM 'navakAramantra' kI mahattAkA varNana kiyA gayA hai, "prathama kSIra maMtri hi vaDaUM, hoU kAra jimasAra / aMtima sAyarai gaMga jali, maMtrai vaDaDa natrakAra ||4|| " isI rAsake prArambhame bhagavAn zAntinAtha, jo pA~caveM cakravartI bhI the, kI vandanA kI gayI hai, 1. ArAma zobhA caupaI, bIkAnerameM, vi0 maM0 1583 meM likhI gayI thI / usakA Adi aura antakA bhAga, zrI mohanalAla dulIcandra desAIne diyA hai / jainagurjarakavi, tIjo bhAga, pR0 625 | 2. mRgAvatI caupaIkI racanA, bIkAnera meM, vi0 saM0 1602 meM huI thI / vahI, pR0 626 / 3. citrasena padmAvatI rAsakI racanA, jodhapurameM vi0 saM0 1604 meM huI thI / vahI, pR0 627 / 12

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi "saMti jiNavara saMti jiNavara sakala sukhakara, paMcama cake sara pavara saMtikaraNaM savi duriya dukhahara / avara save tithesaru cauddasarasa bAvana gaNadhara // 1 // " 22. kavi haricanda (vi0 saM0 kI 16vIM zatIkA prathama pAda) jainome tIna haricanda hue hai| eka to saMskRtake prasiddha kavi the| unhoMne 'dharmazarmAbhyudaya' nAmake prasiddha kAvyakI racanA kI thii| dUsare bhaTTAraka haricanda the, jinake gadya-bandhakA ullekha bANabhaTTane kiyA hai| unhoMne caraka-TIkA bhI likhI thii| prastuta kavi haricanda, ina donoMse pRthak the| unakI racanAoMme prAcIna hindIkA vikasita rUpa pAyA jAtA hai| unakI eka racanA, vi0 saM0 1620 ke likhe hue guTakeme milI hai| isase siddha hai ki usakA nirmANa vi0 saM0 1620 ke pUrva hI huA hogaa| kavi haricanda agravAla vaMzame utpanna hue the| __ unakI racI huI do kRtiyAM upalabdha hai, 'anastamitavratasandhi' aura 'paMcakalyANaka' / donoMkI ho bhASAme prAkRta aura apabhraMzake zabdoMkA bAhulya hai| phira bhI unakI bhASAkA mUla rUpa, prAcIna hindIkA vikasita rUpa hI kahA jA sakatA hai| anastamitavratasandhi yaha kAvya 16 sandhiyoMmeM pUrNa huA hai| paddhaNiyA chandakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| pratyeka sandhike antame eka ghattA hai| isa kAvyakA viSaya rAtri-bhojanake niSedhase sambandhita hai| zailI itanI manohara hai ki niSedhako rUkSatA raMcamAtra bhI AbhAsita nahIM hotii| kavine isa kAvyako racanA bhakti-bhAvase kI hai, aisA usane svayaM hI likhA hai, __ "bhattie jiNu paNavevi, payaDiu paddhaNiyA chaMdeNa" 1. paM0 bhagavaddattake anusAra bhaTTAra haricandra, candragupta vikramAdityake bhAI yA nikaTa sambandhI the| rAjazekharane likhA hai ki ujjainImeM kAvyakAra parIkSAmeM haricandra aura candragupta donoM parIkSita hue the| dekhie, paM0 nAthUrAma premI, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, saMzodhita sAhityamAlA, bambaI, akTUbara 1956, pR0 308 / / 2. unakI 'anastamitavratasandhi' racanA, jayapurake zrI di. jaina bar3A mandirake guTakA naM0 171 meM aMkita hai| yaha guTakA vi0 saM0 1620, pauSa sudI 2 kA likhA huA hai|

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya saudharmendra bhagavAn mahAvIrakA snAnotsava manAneke lie aayaa| Ate hI caubIsa tIrthakaroMko kusumAMjali arpita kii| bhagavAna mahAvIrako praNAma kiyaa| ve bhagavAn kali-mala aura kaluSako naSTa karanevAle hai| unakA snAnotsava jIvako sabhI pApose mukta kara detA hai, "bhAi jiNiMdu risahu paNavepiNu, cauvIsaha kusumaMjali deppiNu / vaDDhamANa jiNu paNavivi mAvi, kalamalu kalusavi vchiupaaveN| dulahau pAveppiNu maNuya jammu, jiNanAheM desiu muNivi dhamma / mahu majja maMsu nau ahilasei, paMcuMvara na kayAi vigasei // " kavine antame likhA hai ki vaha isa kAvyako guru-bhakti aura jina-bhaktise hI pUrA kara sakA hai, "vIlhA jaMDU taNAeM jAeM, gurumattie sarasaihiM pasAeM / ayarabAla varavaMse, uppaNai mahahariyadeNa / mattie jiNu paNavevi, payaDiu paddhar3iyA chaMdaNa // " paMcakalyANa kavine prArambhame hI likhA hai ki maiM una jinendrake garbhAdika kalyANokA varNana karatA hU~, jinake caraNoMpara, indroMke maNi-jaTita mukuTa jhukA karate hai, "zakka cakka maNi mukuTa basu, cuMvita caraNa jineza / gambhAdika kallANa puNa, vaNNau bhakti vizeSa // " cAroM prakArake indra, mana, vacana aura kAyase, tIrthaMkarake garbha, janma, tapa, jJAna aura nirvANa kalyANakokA mahotsava manAte hai, "gamma jamma tapa NANa puNa, mahA amiya kallANa / cauviya zakkA Ayakiya, maNavakAya mahANa // " saudharma svargake indrane apane avadhijJAnase prabhuke garbha-kalyANakA avasara samajhA, aura usane kuberako prabhuko janma-nagarIko sundara banAnekI AjJA dI, "saudhammidAsa avadhidhArA, kallANa gambha jiNa avadhArA / NayarI racaNA aggAdiNNI, kumverasikkha sira dhara liNNI // " 1. isakI hastalikhita prati, 1634 I0 ke likhe eka guTakemeM saMkalita hai| guTakA bAbU kAmatAprasAdajI jaina, alIgaMjake pAsa hai|

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi 23. devakalaza (vikramakI 56vIM zAtIkA uttarArdha) devakalaza, upakezagacchake upAdhyAya devakalolake ziSya the| unakI guruparamparA isa prakAra hai : devakumAra, karmasAgara, aura devklol'| devakalazake janma-sthAnake viSayame koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM miltaa| kintu upakezagacchIya honeke nAte yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve gujarAta prAntake hI rahanevAle the| unakI bhASApara bhI gujarAtIkA adhika prabhAva hai| RSidattA yaha devakalazakI eka-mAtra racanA hai| isakA nirmANa vi0 saM0 1569 me huA thaa| isakI eka hastalikhita prati, dillI seTha kUcAke digambara jaina mandirame maujUda hai| 'RSidattA' eka kathA-kAvya hai| RSidattA, rAjA siMharathakI patnI thii| ima kAvyame usake zIlaguNakA uttama varNana hai| antame siMharatha aura RSidattA donone hI sAdhu-dokSA dhAraNa kara lI aura bhaddalapura nAmakI prasiddha nagarIse nirvANako prApta hue / bhaddalapura bhagavAn zItalanAthakI janmabhUmi mAnI jAtI hai / ___ isa kAvyako uttamakoTime ginA jA sakatA hai / uktivaicitrya aura bhAvonmeSane aisA AkarSaNa utpanna kara diyA hai ki usase pAThakake hRdayakA tAdAtmya avazya hI ho jAtA hai / Alambaname samAnadharmake nirUpaNane 'rasa' ko janma diyA hai| bhASAme aisA lAlitya hai ki upadeza athavA varNanAtmakatAkI zuSkatA bhI sarasa ho gayI hai| siMharathake pitA kanakarathake guNoke vaibhavakA varNana aisA hI hai, 1.zrI uvaesa gachasiMgAra, vAcakavara zrIdevakumAra, vidyA cavada apAra / tAsu pATi uvajhAya karmasAgara, hUA sarvaguNamaNi rayaNAgara zAstrataNA AdhAra / tAsu paTTi uvajhAya jayavanta devakallola mahimAvanta, dina-dina te udivanta / RSidattA caupaI,antima prazasti, padya 266-268, jainagurjarakavizro, bhAga 3, pR0 555 / 2. tAsa sIsadega kalasiiM harasii, panaraha sai guNahattari brsiiN|| raciu sIlaprabaMdha, e carita riSidattA kerau / sIla taNou nApana unavera u chai pragaTa saMbaMdha // digambara jaina mandira seThake phUMcA, dillIkI hastalikhita prati /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya "kaNakataNI pari tanu amirAma, tiNi kanakaratha dIdhau nAma / guNiyaNa saMgha ghaNU tasu magai, niraguNa dIThA mana kamakamai / / sUravIra samarAMgaNi dhIra, dAtA jalanidhi jima gaMbhIra / bolai sulalita madhurI bANi, sahu ko tiNi rIjhai amirAma // 17-18 // " zIlakI mahimAkA varNana karate hue kavine sundara zabdoMme likhA hai, "sIlaI hUi nIroga puNa, sIlaI Talai kilesa, sIlaI rUpa sarUpa huI, sIli na dukha lava lesa / sIlai jasa jagi vistarai, sIli na huI saMtApa, sIlaI saMcaI puNya dhana, sIli pakhAlai pApa / sIlaI rIjhai loka savi, vibudha karaI supasAu, hemAdika siddhaha taNau, sIjhaI sayala upAu // 4-6-7 // " jo nara-nArI bhAvapUrvaka 'RSidattA caupaI' ko par3hate hai aura sunate hai, unake sabhI manovAMchita kArya pUrNa ho jAte hai, ve sakala zAstrasiddhAntoMme nipuNa bana jAte hai, tathA ve navarasa, navatattva aura jinavarake guNoko pahacAna uThate hai, "je nara nArI mAvaI maNisii, ANI mana UlaTa nitu suNisiI, bhAva sakati bhrpuuri| nitu nitu te manavaMchita pAMmai, sakala zAstra siddhaMta vakhANai, nava tata nava rasa vANI jANai, jinavara guNa vihasaMti // 301-302 // " 24. muni jayalAla (vikramakI 16vIM zatAbdIkA uttarArdha) ___ muni jayalAlakI racanA 'vimalanAthastavana'se munijIke jIvana aura guruparamparAke vipayame kucha bhI vidita nahIM hotaa| yaha racanA jisa guTakeme nibaddha hai, vaha vi0 saM0 1626 kA likhA huA hai, isase siddha hai ki muni jayalAla vi0 saM0 1626 se pUrva kabhI 16vI zatAbdIke uttarArdhame hue hai| vimalanAthastavana yaha kAvya terahave tIrthakara vimalanAthakI bhaktise sambandhita hai| vairATapura (jayapura riyAsata ) meM virAjamAna vimalaprabhukI pratimAko lakSya kara hI ina 1. yaha guTakA, zrI kAmatAprasAdajI jaina, alIgaMjake saMgrahameM maujUda hai|

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94 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi chandoMkA nirmANa huA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki yaha pratimA atizayapUrNa thI / usakI bhaktise pApa to dUra bhAgate hI the, puNya-janya vaibhava bhI upalabdha hote the| kintu bhaktime vibhora kavi vaibhava to cAhatA hI nahI, mokSa bhI nahIM cAhatA, use to bhava-bhavame apane prabhuke darzanoko hI pyAsa hai, "tuma darasana mana haraSA, caMdA jema cakorA jii| rAja ridhi mAMgau nahIM, mavi bhavi darasana torA jI // 13 // " bhagavAnke darzana kara bhaktakA harSita ho jAnA svAbhAvika hai| cakora jaise candrake darzana kara prasanna hotA hai, vaise hI bhakta bhagavAnko dekhakara AhlAdita ho jAtA hai / rAjyoMke vaibhavase Upara uThanA AsAna nahIM hai, kintu jo prabhuke darzanoMko hI bhava-bhavameM cAhatA hai, usake lie yaha kaThina bhI nahIM hai| kavitAkI ina do paMktiyome hI bhakti-rasa jIvanta-sA ho uThA hai| ___kavikA kathana hai ki isa vizvame prabhuke atirikta aura koI niHsvArtha bhAvase sahAyatA karanevAlA nahI hai| vizvake sabhI prANI, yahA~taka ki mAtA, pitA aura vanitA bhI svArthake sAthI hai| isa kathanakA tAtparya hai ki pratyeka prANI bhagavAn jinendrakA hI sahArA le, anyakA Azraya vyartha hai, "mAta pitA vanitA bhAI, svArathi savai saMgAI jii| tumha sama prabhu koI nahIM, iharata parati sahAI jI // 14 // " vairATapurake terahaveM jinanAyaka zrI vimalaprabhukA guNagAna karate hue kavine likhA hai, ve prabhu sakala Rddhi-siddhiyoke denevAle hai| unakI bhakti karanese mokSa to svataH hI upalabdha ho jAtA hai| ve bhagavAn caturvidha saMghakA maMgala karate hai, aura samUce pApoko jar3ase ukhAr3a pheMkanemeM samartha haiN| muni jayalAla vandanA karate hai ki he bhagavan ! Apa apanA zubha-darzana mujhe sadA pradAna kreN| isase bhaktakA jIvana kRtArtha ho sakegA, "vairATipura zrI vimala jinavara sayala ridhi sidhi daaygo| imi thuNiu bhattihi niyai sattihi, teramau jiNanAyago // zrI sayala saMghaha karaNa maMgala, duriya pApa nikaMdaNo / zrI jayalAla muNiMda jaMpai, dehi nANa sudaMsaNo // 17-18 // " 25. bhaTTAraka jayakIti ( vikramakI 16vIM zatAbdIkA uttarArdha) bhaTTAraka jayakottiko muni zrI jayakItti bhI kahate hai| unakI racanA 'bhavadeva caritra', jisa guTakeme nibaddha hai, vaha vikrama saM0 1661, vaizAkha sudI 12

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 95 1 kA likhA huA hai / aura unakA kAvya 'pArzva bhavAntarake chanda' jisa guTake me aMkita hai, vaha vi0 saM0 1576 kA likhA huA hai| isase pramANita hai ki unhoMne apanI ina kRtiyoMkA nirmANa vikramakI 16vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdhame kabhI kiyA hogA / yaha sunizcita hai ki bhaTTAraka jayakIrti, una jayakIrttise spaSTarUpeNa pRthak hai, jinhone 'chandonuzAsana'kA nirmANa kiyA thA, aura jo rAmakIrttike guru the| 3 ve saMskRtake vidvAn the, aura bhaTTAraka jayakIrtikI uparyukta donoM racanAe~ hindI meM haiM / unakI eka anya kRti 'brahmacarya upadezamAlA' ke nAmase prApta huI hai, jo di0 jaina bar3A mandira, jayapurake guTakA naM0 258 me nibaddha haiM / 'pArzva bhavAntara ke chanda' kA sambandha bhagavAn pArzvanAthakI bhaktise hai / isameM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke pUrva bhavoMkA varNana huA hai| pArzvanAtha jainoMke teIsaveM tIrthaM - kara the / isa kAvyame varNanakI zuSkatA nahI hai, apitu eka pravAha - pUrNa saundarya hai / 26. zrI kSAntiraMga gaNi ( vi0 kI 16vIM zatAbdIkA uttarArdhaM ) zrI kSAntiraMga gaNikI racanA khairAbAda 'pArzvajinastavana' usa guTake meM nibaddha hai, jo vi0 saM0 1626 kA likhA huA hai| isase nizcita hai ki ve isa saMvat se pUrva kabhI hue haiM / sambhavataH ve 16vIM zatAbdI vikramake uttarArddhame maujUda the| nagara khairAbAda jilA sItApurameM hai / usake jaina mandirameM pArzva jinakI pratimA virAjamAna hai / kahA jAtA hai ki vaha pratimA atizayapUrNa hai / usame kucha aisI vItarAgatA hai ki usase pratyeka darzaka prabhAvita hotA hI hai / kSAntiraMga gaNine isI pratimAko lakSya kara 'pArzvajinastavana' kI racanA kI hai / bhagavAnkI mahattA meM bhaktako pUrA vizvAsa hai / vaha jAnatA hai ki bhagavAnkI kRpAse ajJAna to dUra hotA hI hai, kintu janma-janma ke manovAMchita phala bhI prApta hote hai / khairAbAdako suzobhita karanevAlI pArzva jinendra kI pratimAme mohinI 1. yaha guTakA, zrI di0 jaina baDA mandira, jayapurameM veSTana naM 0 2652 meM nibaddha hai / 2. yaha guTakA paM0 dIpacandra paNDayAko 'derATU' nAmake gaoNvake jainamandirake zAstrabhaDArakI zodha karate hue prApta huA thA / anekAnta, varSa 5, kiraNa 6-7, julAI 1642 I0, pR0 257 / 3. paM0 nAthUrAma premI, jainasAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 405 | 4. yaha guTakA, bAbU kAmatAprasAdajI jaina, alIgaMjake pAsa hai /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi zakti hai, kintu usa saundaryako bhavyajana hI dekha pAte hai / sura, nara, kinnara, nAga aura narendra sabhI bhagavAnke caraNome jhukakara apanA janma saphala banAte hai| "pAsa jiNaMda khairAbAda maMDaNa, haraSadharI nitu namasyaM ho| rora timira saba helihiM harasyUM, manavaMchita phala varasyaM ho // bhuvaNa visAla bhavika mana mohai, anupama koraNi sohai ho / sura nara kiMnara nAga naresara, paNamai praha sama pAyA ho / / " nagara khairAbAdake pArva jinendrakA rUpa, netra aura mana donoMko hI acchA lagatA hai| unake darzana karane-mAnase hI manakI sabhI abhilASAe~ aise pUrI ho jAtI haiM, jaise mAno ve kalpavRkSa hI hoN| koI una bhagavAnse, svarNa-tilakadhAriNI lakSmIkI yAcanA kyA kare, vaha to svayaM hI bhagavAna ke caraNoMmeM sthita hokara jhukI rahatI hai / zAntiraMga gaNine bhI una bhagavAnko praNAma kiyA hai, unheM vizvAsa hai ki aisA karanese sukha dina-prati-dina bar3hatA hI jAyegA, "iya pAsa jiNavara nayaNa maNahara, kappataruvara sohe| zrI nayara khayarAbAda maMDaNa, bhavie jaNamaNa mohae / / zrI kanaka tilaku susIsa suMdara, likSmI vinaya munniisro| tasu sIsa gaNi bhAMtiraMga pabhaNai, havai dina-dina sukhakaro // " 27. zrI guNasAgara (vikramako 16vIM zatAbdIkA uttarArdha) zrI guNasAgarakI racanA 'pArzvajinastavana' bhI uparyukta guTakemeM hI nibaddha hai isa AdhArapara unakA samaya bhI vi0 saM0 1626 se pUrva mAnA jA sakatA hai| unakI dUsarI kRti 'zAntinAthastavana', jayapurake Tholiyoke jaina mandirameM guTakA naM0 97 meM aMkita hai| zrI guNasAgarakI donoM hI kRtiyAM bhaktise sambandhita hai| pahalIme bhagavAn pArzvanAthakI, aura dUsarImeM bhagavAn zAntinAthako stuti kI gayI hai / 'pArzvajinastavana' eka darzana-stotra hai| isameM bhagavAna pArzvanAthake darzanokI mahimA batalAyI gayI hai| bhagavAnkI bhaktimeM vibhora hote hue kavine likhA hai ki pArzva-jinendrake darzanoMpara nyauchAvara ho jaaie| unake darzanoMme mana raMga lo aura gIta gaao| bhagavAnke darzana sabhI saMkaToMko-cAhe ve mArga, ghATa aura udyAna meM utpanna hue hoM, athavA nAgapAzake kAraNa Aye hoM, upazama karanemeM samartha haiM / kevala vikaTa saMkaTa aura kaSTa hI zAnta nahI hote, apitu bar3e-bar3e 1. rAjasthAnake jaina zAstrabhaNDAroMkI granthasUcI, bhAga 3, pR0 262 /

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97 jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya durita aura pApoMkA bhI nivAraNa ho jAtA hai| bhagavAnke darzana akSaya sampatti ( mokSa ) ke kAraNa hai, use prApta karaneke lie sabhI Ananda, raMga aura vinoda nyauchAvara kara dene cAhie, "pAsa jI ho pAsa darasaNa kI bali jAiya, pAsa manaraMgai guNa gaaiye| pAsa bATa ghATa udyAna maiM, pAsa nAgai saMkaTa upasamai / paa0| upasamai saMkaTa vikaTa kaSTaka, durita pApa nivAraNo / ANaMda raMga vinoda vArU, aSai saMpati kAraNo ||paa0||" 28. bUcarAja (vi0 saM0 1537-1597 ) bUcarAja hindoke eka pratiSThita kavi the| rAjasthAnake jaina zAstrabhaNDAroMmeM unakI aneka racanAe~ prApta huI haiM / kintu kisIme bhI unhoMne apanA paricaya nahIM diyA hai| unakI prasiddha kRti 'neminAthavasaMtu'meM kevala itanA likhA hai ki ve mUlasaMghake bhaTTAraka padmanandiko paramparAmeM hue haiN| unake vaMza aura mAtApitA AdikA koI ullekha nahIM hai| 'santoSatilaka jayamAla' meM 'racanA-sthala' hisAra (paMjAba) diyA huA hai| unakI racanAoMpara rAjasthAnIkA prabhAva hai| ataH aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ve rAjasthAnake rahanevAle the| ve brahmabUcAke nAmase prasiddha the| brahmacArI honeke kAraNa ve jagaha-jagaha ghUmate-phirate the, ataH kisI granthake hisArameM samApta karanese, hisArako unakI janmabhUmi mAna lenA prAmANika nahI hai| bUcarAjakA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1537-1597 mAnA jA sakatA hai / aisA unakI racanAose prakaTa hI hai| unhoMne apanA dUsarA nAma balha, vIlha aura valhava bhI likhA hai| ho sakatA hai yaha unakA upanAma ho| inakI khyAti adhika thii| vi0 saM0 1582 meM inako 'samyaktva kaumudI'kI eka hastalikhita prati cATasU nagarame bheMTa kI gayI thii| unakI upalabdha racanAoMkA paricaya nimna prakAra hai: mayaNa jujjha yaha eka rUpaka kAvya hai| isakA nirmANa vi0 saM0 1589 me huA thaa| isame bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura kAmadevakA yuddha dikhAyA gayA hai| RSabhadeva mokSarUpI lakSmI prApta karanA cAhate hai, kintu kAmadeva bAdhA upasthita karatA hai, ataH yuddha honA anivArya ho jAtA hai / kAmake pramukha sahAyaka moha, mAyA, rAga, dveSa hai|

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98 hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi vasanta usakA dUta hai / vaha pahalese jAkara kAmako jItakA vAtAvaraNa taiyAra karatA hai| vRkSa evaM latAeM nayA rUpa dhAraNa karatI haiN| puSpa vikacita ho jAte hai / kokila kuhU kuhUkI raTa lagAtI hai| bhramara guMjAra karate hai / yuvatiyAM zRMgAra racAtI hai, "vajyau nIsANa vasaMta pAyau challa kaMda sikhilliyaM / suMgaMdha malayA pavaNa jhulliya, aMba koilla kulliyaM / ruNajhuNiya kevai kaliya mahuvara sutara pattiha chAiyaM / gAvaMti gIya bajaMti vINA taruNi pAika AiyaM // 37 // " santoSajayatilaka ___ isakI eka hastalikhita prati di0 jaina mandira nAgadA, bUMdI ( rAjasthAna) ke guTakA saMkhyA 179 me patra 17 se 30 taka saMkalita hai / isameM 123 padya hai / gAthA, SaTpada, dohA, raDa, paddhaNI, aDilla, rAsA, caMdAyaNu, gItikA, troTaka, raMgikkA Adi chandoMkA prayoga humA hai| isa kAvyakI racanA hisAra nagarake madhya, vi0 saM0 1591, bhAdrapada sudI 5, zukravAra, svAti nakSatra, vRSa lagnameM huI thii| isakI bhASA prAcIna hindI hai| usapara rAjasthAnokA prabhAva hai| isame kavine lobha, moha aura roSapara likhate hue santoSakI mahattA sthApita kI hai| isakA antima pada 'raDa' chandameM hai, "paDhahiM je ke suda mAehi je sikkhahiM suddha likhAva, suda dhyAna je suNahiM manu dhari / te uttima nAri nara amara sukkha bhogavahiM bahu pyAre // yahu saMtoSaha jayatilaya jaMpiu 'vahi' samAi / maMgalu cauviha saMgha kahu karai vIru jiNarAi // 123 // " lobhake prabhAvako kahate hue kavine likhA hai ki vaha muniyoM takako nahIM chor3atA, "vaNa maMjhi munIsara je vasahi siva ramaNi lobhu tina hiyai mAhi / iki lomi lAggi para bhUmi jAhi para karahi seva jIu jIu maNahi // " 1. saMtoSahu jayatilau jaMpiu hisAra nayara maMjha meM jo sugahi bhaviya ikka mana, te pAvahiM vaMchiya sukkha // 120 // saMvat panarai ikyANa, bhaddavi siya pAkkhi paMcamI divase sukka vAri svAti vRkhe, jeu taha jANi vaMbhanA meNa // 12 // santoSajayatilakakI nAgadAvAlI hastalikhita prati /

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99 jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya cetana pudgala DhamAla yaha kRti uparyukta mandirake usI guTakeme patra 32-44 para aMkita hai / isameM 136 padya hai| unameM cetanako pudgalakI saMgati na karanekI bAta kahI gayI hai| cetanako vividha prakArase sAvadhAna kara cidAnandako bhaktikI ora prerita kiyA gayA hai| isa kRtikI bhASApara apabhraMzakA adhika prabhAva hai| adhikAMza zabdokI pravRtti ukArAnta hai| kavine eka padyameM likhA hai ki bhagavAn jinendra isa saMsAra meM dIpakake samAna hai / isa dIpakake udita honese mithyArUpI andhakAra bhAga jAtA hai| isI dIpakake prakAzame yaha jIva saMsArarUpI samudrako bhI tairakara pAra ho sakatA hai, "dIpagu iku savani jagi, jini dIpA saMsAri / jAsu udaya sahu mAgiyA, mithyA timaru adhyAru // 2 // jiNa sAsaNa mahi dIvaDA, 'valha' payA navakAru / jAsu pasAe tumhi tirahu, sAgara yahu saMsAru / / 3 // " bhava-bhavame jinendra ke pairoMko sevAkI yAcanA karatA huA bhakta kavi kahatA hai, "kari karuNA suNu vInatI, tibhuvaNa tAraNa deva / vIra jiNesara dehi mugu, janami janami pada seva // 29 // " cetana aura pudgalameM mahadantara hai| cetana cirantana hai aura pudgala vinazvara / cetanameM gati hai aura pudgalameM jdd'taa| jaise phUla mara jAtA hai aura parimala jIvita rahatA hai, vaise hI zarIra naSTa ho jAtA hai aura cetana jindA rahatA hai| isa tathyako koI-koI hI jAnate hai, "phUla marai paramalu jIvai, timu jANa sahu koi / haMsu calai kAyA rahai kivaru barAbari hoi // 83 // " kavi dRSTAnta deneme nipuNa hai / jabataka motI sIpameM rahatA hai, usake sabhI guNa palAyana kara jAte haiM, isI bhA~ti jabataka cetana jar3ake sAtha hai, use duHkha-hIduHkha bhogane par3ate hai, "jaba lagu motI sIpa mahi, taba lagu samu guNa jaai| jaba lagu jIyaDA saMgi jaDa, taba laga dUkha sahAi // 105 // " TaMDANA gIta ____ TaMDANA 'TAMDa' zabdase banA hai| TAMDakA artha hai vyApAriyoMkA calatA huA samUha / yaha vizva bhI gativAn prANiyoMkA samUha hI hai, ataH isa gItameM TaMDANA

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100 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi zabda saMsArake arthameM liyA gayA hai| isame prANImAtrako saMsArase sajaga rahaneke lie kahA gayA hai, "mAta pitA sutasajana sarIrA duhu saba loga virANAve / iyaNa paMkha jima taruvara vAse dalahu~ dizA uDANAve // viSaya svAstha saba jaga vaMcha kari kari budhi binaannaave| choDi samAdhi mahArasa nUpama madhura vindu lapaTANAve // " neminAthavasantu aura nemIzvarakA bArahamAsA / bUcarAjakI ye do kRtiyAM atyadhika sundara hai| pahalIme navayauvanA, virahiNI rAjImatIkI una manodazAoMkA citraNa hai, jo neminAthake akasmAt vairAgya leneke uparAnta vasanta Anepara banI thii| dUsarImeM rAjImatIkI virahAvasthAkA varNana hai| patike pathakA anusaraNa karane ke lie rAjImatIne vairAgya bhI le liyA thaa| tapasvinI honeke uparanta navayauvanA rAjImatIkA vasantako dekhakara prathama anubhava huA, "amRta aMbu lau mora ke, nemi jiNu gar3ha giranArai mhAre mani madhukarU niha vasai, saMjamu kusamu majhArai // 2 // sakhiya vasaMta suhAla re, dIsai soraTha desau koila kuhakai, madhukara sAri saba vaNai paiso // 3 // vivalasirI yaha mahakai harai, maMvarA ruNajhuNa kAro gAvahi gIta svarAsvari, gaMdhrava gar3ha giranAro // 4 // " bUcarAjake 8 pada di0 jaina mandira nAgadA bUMdI ( rAjasthAna ) ke guTakA naM0 179, patra 10 para likhe hai| do pada nimna prakAra hai "raMga ho raMga ho raMgu kari jiNavaru dhyAIyai raMga ho raMga hoi suraMga siu mana lAiyai / / lAIyai yahu manuraMga isa siu avaraMgu pataMgiyA dhuli rahai jiu majITha kapar3e teva jiNa caturaMgiyA // jivalaganu vastara raMga tivalagu isahi kAna raMgAva ho kavi 'valha' lAlacu choDu jhUThA raMgi jivaru dhyAva ho // 3 // raMga ho raMga ho mukati varaNI manu lAiyai raMga ho raMga ho bhava saMsAra na AIye

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 101 zrayai nahu saMsAra sAgara jIya bahu dukha pAiyai jisa vA cahugati phirathA loDai soi mAragu dhyAiyai timuha tAraNu deu bharahaMtu suguNa niju gAiyai afar 'a' area choDa jhaMDA mukati siuraMga lAiye || 4 || " 29. chIhala ( vi0 saM0 1575 ) chIla solahavIM zatAbdI ke sAmarthyavAn kavi the / vividha zAstra bhaNDAroMme yatkicit bhI jIvana unakI pA~ca racanAe~ prApta huI haiM / kintu unameM kavikA paricaya nibaddha nahI hai / unapara rAjasthAnIkA prabhAva hai| ataH yaha siddha hai ki ve rAjasthAnake nivAsI the| unakI kRtiyA~ muktaka hai / unhe AdhyAtmika bhaktikA nidarzana kahanA cAhie | unameM do to rUpaka hI hai / samUcI muktaka racanAko rUpakake rUpame nirmANako zailI jainokI apanI hai / paMcasahelI gIta ' isakA nirmANa vi0 saM0 1575, phAlguna sudI 15 ko huA thA / isameM 68 padya hai / mAlina, tambolanI, chIpanI, kalAlanI aura sunArina pA~ca saheliyA~ hai / pA~coMne apane-apane priyake virahakA varNana kiyA hai / vAstavame vaha paramAtmAkA hI viraha hai / jaba priya mila jAtA hai, to vaha bhI brahmake milana - jaisA hI puSTa hotA hai / usakI sAdhanA hai / prema utpanna hokara virahame adhUrI nahI raha pAtI / priya-milana hotA hai| usase parama AnandakI prApti hotI hai / yaha eka sundara rUpaka-kAvya hai / isameM pA~ca saheliyA~ bhinna-bhinna jIvoMkI pratIka hai / unakA priya milana hI brahma-milana hai / yahA~ rUpakake mAdhyama se brahma-milanakI dhuna me virahajanya pIr3A mukhya hai / mAlinakA pati use bhare yauvaname chor3akara kahIM calA gayA hai| usakA duHkha ananta haiM / kamala-vadana murajhA gayA hai aura vanarAji-jaisA zarIra sUkha gayA hai / piyA binA use eka-eka kSaNa, eka-eka barasake barAbara lagatA hai / jisa zarIrarUpI vRkSapara yauvana-rasase bhare stanarUpI do nAraMgI lage the, vaha virahakI agnime 1. yaha gIta, lUNakaraNajI pANDyA mandira, jayapurake guTakA naM0 144 meM aMkita hai / 2. saMvat panara pacahattara pUnima phAguNa mAsa / paMca sahelI varaNavI kavi chIhalla paragAsa || paMcasahelI gIta, padya 68, vahI guTakA /

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102 hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi usane campAkI paMkhar3iyoMse eka nayA yadi vaha ise patike binA pahane to aMgoMko aMgAroM-sA prati sUkhane lagA hai, aura sIMcanevAlA dUra hai| hAra gUMthA thA / bhAsita ho, "kamalavadana kumalAiyA sUkI sUkha banarAi | vina pIyA rai eka pina barasa barAbari jAi // tana taravara phala laggIyA dui nAriMga rasapUri / sukana lAgA viraha-la sIMcanahArA dUri // campAkerI paMkhaDI gUMdhyA navasara hAra / jai ihu pahirau pIva bina lAgai aMga aMgAra // " patike binA virahane tambolanIkI colIke bhItara ghusakara usake zarIrako mArA hai| usake patte jhar3a gaye hai aura veli sUkha gayI hai| vasantakI rAta kATanA dUbhara ho gayA hai / grISmake santapta dina kaise kareM, chAyA denevAlA pati paradeza calA gayA hai| chIpanIke dilakI pIrako dUsarA jAna hI nahI sktaa| usake tanarUpI kapar3eko, viraharUpI darjI duHkharUpI kataranIse, dina-rAta kATatA calA jAtA hai, pUrA byauMta nahIM letA / virahane usake sukhako naSTa kara, duHkhakA saMcAra kiyA hai, kintu eka upakAra bhI kiyA hai, jo usakI dehako jalAkara chAra kara diyA / isase usako duHkhose mukti mila gayI / kalAlIko dehapara madamAte yauvanako phAga Rtu bikharI huI hai / kintu pati dUra hai, ataH vaha kisake sAtha 1. dUjI kahai taMbolanI suni caturAI bAta virahai mArayA pIva bina colI bhItari gAta // 24 // pAta jhaMDe saba rUkha ke bela gaI tana sukki dUbhara rAti vasaMta kI gayA pIyarA mukki ||26| tana bAlI birahau dahai parIyA 'dukkha asesi e dina dUbhari kaMu bharai chAyA prIya paradesi // 28 // 2. tIjI chopani AkhIyA bhari dui locana nIra / dUjA koI na jAnaI merai jIyai kI pIra // 31 // tana kapaDA dukha kataranI darajI virahA eha / pUrA byautaM na yotai dina-dina kATai deha ||32|| sukha nAThA dukha saMcarayA, dehI kari dahi chAra / viraha kIyA kaMta bina ima amhasu upagAra // 36 //

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 103 holI khele| use to 'visUri visUri' kara maranA hai / sunArina viraharUpI samudrame isa bhAMti DUba gayI hai ki usakI thAha nahIM mila pAtI / usake prANoMko madanarUpI sunArane hRdayarUpI aMgIThIpara jalA- jalAkara koyalA kara diyA hai| 2 aba unake cehare AhlAdita katipaya dinoMke uparAnta phira ve pA~coM miliiN| the / unakA sAIM A gayA thA / unake dina sukhameM bIta rahe the / viyoga denevAlA vasanta calA gyaa| aba varSARtukA Agamana ho gayA, to pati bhI A gayA hai / manakI saba AzAeM pUrI ho gayI hai / tambolanIne colI kholakara, apAra yauvanase bhare gAtako nikAlA aura patike sAtha bahuta prakArase raMga kiyA, nayanase nayana milAyA / ise hI rabhasa AliMgana kahate hai / isake lie kabIrakA dila macalA thA aura usase bhI pUrva muni rAmasiMhakA / sAdhaka jIva jaba brahmase milatA hai, to aise hI aMgase aMga milAkara milatA hai| binA eka hue vaha raha hI nahIM sakatA / tambolanIkA yaha milana rahasyavAdako turIyAvasthA haiM / parama Ananda usIkA paryAyavAcI hai| vaha milana dekhie, "colI khola tambolanI kAvyA gAtra apAra / raMga kIyA bahu prIyasuM nayana milAI tAra // 59 // " panthIgIta yaha maMndira dIvAna baghIcandajI, jayapurake guTakA naM0 27, veSTana naM0 973 meM nibaddha hai / isameM kevala chaha padya haiM / yaha bhI eka rUpaka kAvya hai / isameM pracalita kathAkA sahArA lekara rUpakakI racanA kI gayI hai / eka rAstAgIra rAhame calate-calate siMhoke vanameM pahu~ca gyaa| vahIM rAstA bhUla jAnese vaha idhara-udhara bhaTakane lagA / aisI hI avasthA meM use, sAmane eka madamatta hAthI AtA huA dikhAI diyaa| usakA rUpa rodra thA aura vaha krodhameM 1. pAtA yauvana phAga riti parama pIyA dUri / ralI na pUrI jIya kI marau visUri visUri // 42 // 2. kahai sunArI paMcamI aMga apanA dAha / huM tau bUDI virahamai pAMu nAhIM yAha // 45 // hayA aMgIThI mUsi jiya madana sunAra abhaMga / koyalA kIyA deha kA milyA savei suhAga // 46 //

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104 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi apanI zuNDAko idhara-udhara hilA rahA thaa| pathika bhayabhIta hokara bhAgane lgaa| hAthI bhI usake pIche-pIche laga claa| Age eka andhA kuAM thaa| vaha ghAsa-phUsase DhaMkA thaa| panthI use na jAna sakA aura usame gira gyaa| usane eka sarakanI TahanI pakar3a lI, jo kueMko dIvAlameM uga AyI thii| usake sahAre laTakatA huA vaha kaThina duHkha bhogane lgaa| Upara hAthI khar3A thA, cAra dizAoMme cAra sarpa the, nIce ajagara muMha bAye par3A thaa| TahanIkI jaDako do cUhe kATa rahe the| __usa kUpake pAsa eka bar3akA vRkSa thaa| usameM madhu-makkhiyoMkA chattA lagA thaa| hAthIne use hilA diyaa| agaNya makkhI ur3ane lgiiN| sAtha hI chattese madhu bhI cU uThA aura usakI bUMdeM panthIke muMhapara girane lgii| usakI rasanA unakA rasAsvAdana le uThI / usa AnandameM vaha apane ghora duHkhako bhUla gayA, "uhisamau madhu kaNau ahira Upara par3ata rasa rasanA liiyo| vA byUMda ke suSa lAgi lobhI sabbai dukha bIsari gayo // 4 // " yahA~ madhukA bUMda hI sAMsArika sukha hai| jIva pathika hai| ajJAna bhayAnaka hAthI hai| saMsAra hI kuoM hai / gati sarpa hai| vyAdhiyAM hI makkhiyAM hai / nigoda ajagara hai| yaha saMsArakA vyavahAra hai| ataH he gavAra ! tU ceta jA / jo moharUpI nidrAmeM sote haiM, ve atyadhika asAvadhAna hai| zarIra aura indriyoke rasameM bhaTakakara isane jinendra-jaise parama brahmako bhulA diyA hai, ataH usakA nara-janma vyartha hai| chIhalakA kathana hai ki abataka tU nAnA dIrgha duHkhoMko sahana karatA rahA hai| aba jinendrako batAyo yuktise tU muktike parama sukhako prApta kara sakatA hai, "saMsAra ko ehu vivahArau cita cetahu re gaMvAro ! moha nidrA meM je sutA, te prANI bhati begutA // prANI begutA bahuta te jina parama brahma bisAriyo / bhrama bhUli iMdi tanaurasi nara janama vRthA gaMvAiyo / bahu kAla nAnA dukha dIragha sajhA 'chIhala' kahai kari dharma / jina bhASita jugatisyau tyo mukti pada rahau // 6 // " udaragIta ___yaha gIta bhI uparyukta guTake meM hI saMkalita hai| isameM kevala cAra padya hai| kRti sundara hai / jIva dasa mAsa garbhameM rahatA hai| use atyadhika kaSTa sahane par3ate haiN|

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya vaha socatA hai ki isa bAra ubaranepara jinendrakI bhakti karUMgA / janma letA hai / saMsArakI havA lagatI hai, taba vaha mUrkha saba kucha bhUla jAtA hai / "udara udadhi meM dasa mAsAha rahyau / fisoSi bahu saMkaTi sahyau / bahu saMkaTa udara aMtari citavai ciMtA ghaNI / ubarau abakI bAra jai hu bhagati karisyo jiNataNI / aisola saMkaTa paDihi bolai bahuDi jagata jAmaNa layo / saMsAra kI jaba vahati lAgi mUDha satra bIsari gayo || 1 || " 105 bAlakakA janma huaa| jamInapara loTatA rhaa| jaba bhUkha lagI, mA~kA stana rokara pI liyA / mukhase lAra cUnI rahI / lakSya - alakSya aura bhakSyAbhakSyame koI antara nahI kiyA / bAlapana kho diyA, jinavarakI bhakti nahI kii| phira yauvana AyA, usake nazeme cAroM ora ghUmA, paradhana aura paratiyako tAkatA phirA / aisA karaneme use Ananda AyA / kintu vaha mUrkha yaha na samajha sakA ki yaha 'viSaphala' hai, 'amIphala' to jinakI sevA hai| parabrahma visAra denese kAma, mAyA, mohane usapara adhikAra kara liyA | bhAvapUrvaka jinavarakI pUjA nahIM kI, yauvana vyartha hI kho diyA, 14 "ovana mAto nara cihu~ disi mamai, paradhana paratiya Upari manakhai / manakhai paradhana dekhi paratiya cita ThAi naraSae / chaMDe amIphala seva jinakI viSaya viSahala cAkhae / kAma mAyA moha vyApyo parabrahma visAriyo / pujiyo na jinavara mAvasethI vRthA jIvana hArIyau // 3 // " bairI buDhApA A gayA / sudhi-budhi naSTa hone lagI / kAnoMne sunanA banda kara diyA / netrokI jyoti ghuMbalI par3a gayI / kintu jIvanake prati moha aura adhika bar3ha gayA / chIlakA kathana hai ki he nara ! tU bhramameM par3akara bhaTakatA kyoM phira rahA hai / yuktipUrvaka jinendrakI bhakti kara / tU muktilIlAkA Ananda le sakegA, "jarA bur3hApA bairI Aiyo, sudhi-budhi nAThI jaba pachitAiyo / pachitAiyo jaba sudhi nAThI, zravaNa sabada na bUjhae / jIvaNa kAraNi karai lAlaca, nayana maga na na sUjhara / aba kahai chohala suNa re nara, bhrama bhUle kAMI phirau / kari bhagati jina kI jugati syau, tyo mukati lIlai varau // 4 // "

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi paMcendriyaveli ___ yaha kRti di0 jaina mandira, pATauDI, jayapurake guTakA naM0 65, pR0 307 para aMkita hai| isame bhI manako indriyoMkI saMgatise haTAkara jinendra bhaktiko ora unmukha kiyA gayA hai / jainoMkA veli-sAhitya vizAla hai| veli zabda saMskRtake 'vallI' aura prAkRtake 'vailli' se samudbhUta huA hai| vAGmayako udyAna mAnakara, usakI pravRttiyoMko vRkSa athavA vRkSAMgavAcI nAmose abhihita kiyA jAtA rahA hai / jaina veli-sAhitya tIna prakArakA hotA hai : aitihAsika, kathAnakavAcI, aura upadezAtmaka / prastuta kRtikA svara tIsare prakArakA hai| antame jinendrabhaktiko ora mor3a deneke kAraNa usako bhakti-parakatA bhI spaSTa hI hai / isameM cAra padya hai| manako sambodhana karake likhA gayA hai| mana caMcala hai, bhaTakanekI usakI Adata hai| use ArAdhyakI bhaktikI ora mor3anekA kAma bhakta kavi karate rahe hai| kabIrakA 'cetAvaNI ko aMga' aura tulasIdAsakI "vinaya-patrikA' isa dizAkI mahattvapUrNa kar3iyA~ hai| jaina aura bauddha kaviyoMkA to usapara paramparAgata adhikAra hI hai| yahAM chIhalane likhA hai ki yadi ghaTa pavitra nahIM hai, to japa, tapa aura tIrtha sabhI kucha vyartha hai| pahale ghaTakA pavitra' honA Avazyaka hai / usakA upAya hai jinavarakA cintavana / usase bhava-samudra tirA jA sakatA hai, "kali-viSa-koTi vinAsau jinavara nAma ju lAye / jai ghaTa niramala nAhI kA japa-tapa tIrtha karAye / kA japa tapa tIrtha karAye jai paradroha na chNdo| laMpaTa indrI laghu mithyAtI janma apaNo bhNttii| chIhala kahai surAgai re nara bAvare sIkha sayANI karIe / citavana parama brahma kIje to bhava duha sAyara tarIe // 4 // " nAma bAvanI isameM 50 padya hai| yaha eka uttama kAvyakA nidarzana hai| isame vividha viSayoMpara tallIna hokara likhA gayA hai| antameM jinendrake nAma-mAhAtmyakA ullekha hai| una padyoMkI vinayapatrikAke padoMse tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| yaha kRti mandira TholiyAna, jayapurake guTakA naM0 125 meM saMkalita hai / isa guTakekA lekhana-kAla vi0 saM0 1712, jyeSTha sudI 2 diyA huA hai / 'nAmabAvanI'kA nirmANa vi0 saM0 1584 meM huA thaa|

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 30. bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti (vi0 sa0 1600-1656 ) ratnakottike pitAkA nAma seTha devIdAsa aura mAtAkA nAma sahajalade thaa| ve jainokI hu~baDa jAtime utpanna hue the| bAgaDa pradezakA ghoSAnagara unakA janmasthAna thA / buddhi tIvra thii| bacapanase hI siddha hone lagA thA ki bAlaka honahAra hai / eka dina vahA~ bhaTTAraka abhayanandi Aye / bAlakakI pratibhAne unhe prabhAvita kiyaa| unhoMne mAM-bApakI svIkRtise use ziSyarUpame svIkAra kara liyaa| bhaTTAraka abhayanandi apane yugake khyAtiprApta vyakti the| ve eka ora siddhAnta, kAvya, jyotiSa, vyAkaraNa, Ayurveda evaM mantra-vidyAme pAraMgata the, to dUsarI ora vyavahArakuzala tathA prabhAvazAlI bhI the / ratnakItti unhIMke pAsa rahe, adhyayana kiyaa| katipaya varSoMmeM hI ve bhI prAmANika vidvAn mAne jAne lge| vyutpanna to the hii| abhayanandine unheM apanA paTTaziSya ghoSita kiyA, aura vi0 saM0 1643 me bhaTTAraka-padapara abhiSikta kara diyaa| vahAM ve saMvat 1656 taka bane rahe / kucha pahalese unakA racanA-kAla mAnA jA sakatA hai| yadi koI vyakti vidvAn ho, caritravAn ho, sundara ho aura lakSmI usake caraNoM tale bhUluNThita hotI rahatI ho, to vaha atimAnava hI khlaayegaa| ratnakottime ye sabhI guNa the| saundaryake kSetrameM zAyada ve apane yugake sabase adhika sundara yuvaka ye / ve dUsare udayana hI the| dokSA, saMyamazrI, muktilakSmI Adi aneka kumAriyoMke sAtha unakA vivAha huA thaa| unake saundaryake gIta unake ziSyoMne gAye hai / kavi gaNezakI katipaya paMktiyAM hai, "aradha zazisama sohe zuma mAla re| vadana kamala zubha nayana vizAla re|| dazana dADima sama rasanA rasAla re| adhara bimbAphala vijita pravAla re|| kaMTha kambUsama rekhAtraya rAje re / kara kisalaya-sama nakha chavi chAje re // " unakA ziSya-parivAra paryApta bar3A thaa| eka ziSyA vIramatine vi0 saM0 1. balAtkAragaNakI sUratazAkhAkI hI eka paramparA bha0 lakSmIcandrake ziSya abhaya candrase prArambha huii| unake paTTaziSya the abhynndi| abhayanandike ziSya the ratnIkItiM / bhaTTAraka sampradAya, jIvarAjagranthamAlA, zolApura, pRSTha 200 /

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108 hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi 1662 me bhagavAn mahAvIrakI mUrti pratiSThita karAyI thii|' ziSya jayasAgarane balasAr3ha nagarame hue pratiSThA-mahotsavakA varNana kiyA hai| usame bhaTTAraka ratnakotti apane saMghasahita zAmila hue the| ziSyome kumudacandra sarvazreSTha the / unakI pratyeka racanAmeM guru ratnakItikA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| unhIko vi0 saM0 1656 me apane paTTapara pratiSThita kara ratnakIti nitAnta udAsIna ho gaye the| unakI racanAe~ ___ bhaTTAraka-padase aneka uttaradAyitva sambaddha the| unakA Thoka nirvAha karaneke lie kaThora hRdayako AvazyakatA thii| adhikAza bhaTTAraka aise hI ho jAte the / kintu ratnakottikA hRdaya sarasa thaa| ve janmajAta kavi the| unakA marma sadaiva dravaNazIla rahatA thaa| unake race 38 pada isa kathanake sAkSI hai| rAjulane bahuta haTakA, kintu niSThura netra nahIM maane| hRdaya phAr3akara baha cale, usa girikI ora jAneko AkAkSA thI, jahA~ nemIzvara rahate the| nahIM to phira aura kyA karate / yahA~ to kucha bhI acchA nahIM lgtaa| rajanI kabhI samApta hI nahI hotI, "varajyo na mAne nayana niThora / sumiri-sumiri guna bhaye sajala dhana, umaMgi cale mati phora / / caMcala capala rahata nahiM roke, na mAnata ju nihora / nita uThi cAhata giri ko mAraga, je hI vidhi candracakora / / tana mana dhana yauvana nahIM bhAvata, rajanI na jAvata bhora / ratanakIrati prabhu vega milo, tuma mere mana ke ghora // " neminAthaphAgu ___ isame 51 padya hai| isakI racanA hAMsoTa nagarame huI thii| isakA bhI sambandha nemIzvara-rAjulake prasiddha kathAnakase hai| digambara kaviyoMne bahuta kama 1, saM0 1662 varSe vaizAkha vado 2, zubha dine zrImUlasaMghe sarasvatIgacche balAtkAragaNe zrIkundakundAcAryAnvaye bha0 abhayacandradevAH tatpaTTe bha0 abhayananda tacchiSya AcArya zrIratnakIti tasya ziSyANI bAI bIramatI nityaM praNamati zrImahAvIram / vahI, lekhAMka 522, pRSTha 163 / 2. namibilAsa ulhAsasyuM, je gAsye nara-nAri / ratnakIrati sUrIvara kahe, te lahe saukhya apAra / / hAMsoTa mAMhi racanA racI, phAga rAga kedAra / zrI jina juga dhana jANIye, sAradA vara dAtAra // neminAthaphAgukI hastalikhita prati, padya 51, zrI yaza-kIti-sarasvatI-bhavana, RSabhadeva /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya phAguoMkI racanA kI hai| unameM bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUpaNakA 'AdIzvaraphAgu' sabase bar3A hai| pichale pRSThoMpara isakA ullekha ho cukA hai| bhaTTAraka vidyAbhUSaNake 'neminAthaphAgu' me bhI 251 padya hai| tIsarA brahmarAyamalla racita 'neminAthaphAgu' hai / yaha eka choTI kRti hai| prastuta racanA cauthA phAgu hai| isame rAjulakI sundaratAkA eka citra isa prakAra hai, "candravadanI mRgalocanI mocanI khaMjana mIna / vAsaga jItyo veNiI, zreNiya madhukara dIna // yugala gala dAye zazi, upamA nAsA kIra / adhara vidruma sama upamA, daMtanU nirmala nIra // cibuka kamala para SaTpada, AnaMda kare sudhApAna / grIvA sundara somatI, kambu kapolane bAna // " nemivArahamAsA ___yaha eka laghu kRti hai| isameM kevala 12 troTaka chanda hai| viravarNanake antargata 'bArahamAsA' Avazyaka tattva mAnA jAtA thaa| bAraha mahInome virahiNIko kyA dazA hotI thI, yaha dikhAnA hI abhISTa rahatA thaa| jAyasIke 'nAgamatIvirahavarNana' me bhI 'bArahamAsA' zAmila hai| kavine 'jyeSThamAsa' kA varNana kiyA hai| isa mAsa meM 'kAma' adhikAdhika satA uThatA hai / vaha kisI upAyase upazama nahIM hotaa| usakI aisI becainI rahatI hai ki na to bhojana acchA lagatA hai aura na AbhUSaNa hI suhAte hai, "A jeSTha mAse jaga jalaharano umAhare / kAI bApa re vAya virahI kima rahe re // Ararate bhArata upaje aNgre| anaMga re saMtApe dukha kahe re // kehane kahe kima rahe kAminI Arati agAla / cAru caMdana cIra ciMte mAla jANe khyAla // kapUra kesara keli kuMkama kevar3A upaay| kamala dala jala chAMTaNA vana ripu jANe vAya / / 1. isakI bhI hastalikhita prati upayukta bhavanameM maujUda hai| usakI antima prazasti hai, "li0 saMvat 1614 varSe kAttikamAse zukla pakSe caturthyA tithau bhauma dine likhitamidaM pustaka, jayatu / zrIkASThAsaMghe naMdItaTagacche vidyAgaNe bhaTTAraka zrIvidyAbhUSaNa tat ziSya brahmazrI jayapAla paThanArtha tathA paropakArArthaM bhvtu|" 2. isakI hastalikhita prati, di0 jainamandira, saMghIjI, jayapurake jJAnabhaeDArameM hai|

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110 hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi bhAve nahIM bhojana bhUSaNa, karNa kerA mApa / rAli kareM kara mApa / " parI naga meM pAna nIko, madhyakAlIna kaviyoMne 'viraha' kA vivecana karate hue 'kAma' zabdakA bahuta prayoga kiyA hai / kintu yaha 'kAma' zabda kAmadevakA nahIM, apitu 'viraha' kA paryAyavAcI rahA hai / pahale 'viraha' ke arthame 'kAma' kA prayoga hotA thA / kAlidAsa 'kAmArttA hi prakRtikRpaNA cetanAcetaneSu' me bhI 'kAma' 'viraha' kA hI pratIka hai / ataH koI yaha na samajhe ki neminAthake virahame rAjula 'kAmaprapIDitA' rahatI thI / 31. brahma rAyamalla ( vi0 saM0 1615 ) brahma rAyamalla sattarahavIM zatAbdI ke prathama pAdake samartha kavi the / unhoMne aura prasAdaguNase yukta rAjamalla ho cuke hai / hindI ke anekAneka kAvyoMkI racanA kii| inakI bhASA sarasa hai / inake pUrva solahavI zatAbdI ke antima pAdame pANDe donoMmeM bheda spaSTa hai' / pANDe rAjamalla saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMzake viziSTa vidvAn the / unhoMne hindIme to kevala chanda-zAstra likhA hai / chanda-zAstrame bhI adhikatara dRSTAnta apabhraMzake hI hai / kavivara banArasIdAsane inhIM rAjamallakA ullekha kiyA hai / DaoN0 jagadIzacandra jainane inhIM rAjamallake viSayame likhA hai ki Apa jainAgamake bar3e bhArI vettA eka anubhavI vidvAn the I brahma rAyamalla janmase hI jo kavi the / uname hRdayapakSa pradhAna thA / unhoMne * kucha likhA hindImeM likhA, saMskRta - prAkRta meM nhiiN| unhoMne jaina naiyAyikoM aura saiddhAntikoMkA bhI adhyayana kiyA thA, kintu unakI zuSkatAse prabhAvita nahI hue / unhoMne jaina dharmake mUla tatvoMko mAnavakI mUla vRttiyoMke sAtha Age bar3hAyA / unake kAvyoM sarasatA hai / saMskRta 'bhaktAmara stotravRtti ko inakI racanA mAnA jAtA hai| isake AdhArapara rAyamallakA janma 'hUbar3a' vaMzameM huA thaa| unake pitAkA nAma 'mA' 1. paM0 nAthUrAmajI premIne donoMko eka hI samajhA thA / hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, pR0 50 / 2. udhRta kAmatAprasAda jaina, hindI jaina sAhityakA saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 76 / 3. seThake kUMcA mandira, dillIkI pratimeM lekhakakA nAma muni ratnacanda par3A hai, isa viSaya meM khojakI AvazyakatA hai|

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya aura mAtAkA nAma 'campA' thaa| unakI mAtA aneka guNoMse sampanna thIM aura vratAdika kArya karatI hI rahatI thii| ve jinendrakI bhakta thIM aura isI kAraNa unake putra rAyamalla bhI vratI aura 'jinapAdakaMjamadhupa' bana sake the| mAtAkA prabhAva putrapara par3atA hai / brahma rAyamallake gurukA nAma muni anantakItti thaa| ve mUlasaMgha zAradagacchake AcArya ratnakotti ke paTTapara avasthita the| brahma rAyamallake race hue sAta hindI kAvya upalabdha hue hai| inameM 'nemIzvararAsa' vi0 saM0 1615, me, 'hanuvanta kathA' vi0 saM0 1616 me, 'pradyumnacaritra' saM0 1628 me, 'sudarzanarAsa' saM0 1629 me, 'zrIpAlarAsa' saM0 1630 meM aura 'bhaviSyadatta kathA' saM0 1633 me racI gyo| 'nirdoSasaptamI vratakathA' bhI inhIMkI kRti hai| usapara racanA-saMvat nahIM hai| inakI bhASAme gujarAtIkA puTa hai| apabhraMzake zabdoMkA bhI prayoga huA hai| nemIzvara rAsa yaha rAsa bhagavAn nemIzvarakI bhaktimeM banA hai| usameM bhagavAn neminAtha tathA rAjulakI kathAkA Azraya liyA gayA hai| kathAnakake rucikara hote hue bhI kAvya sAdhAraNa koTikA hai| hanuvanta kathA jainoMkI prAcIna kathAoMke anusAra hanumAn aMjanA-putra the| aMjanA bhagavAna jinendrakI parama bhakta thii| putra bhI tadanurUpa hI bnaa| jainoMke balabhadra rAmakI bhakti kara ve amara ho gye| ArAdhyake bhaktoMkI bhI bhakti hotI rahI hai| hanumAnkI bhaktime bhI aneka kAvya aura rAsAdikoMkA nirmANa huA hai| 'hanuvanta kathA' bhI usI paramparAkA eka kAvya hai| __pavanaMjai rAya, hanumAnke pitA the| unake yahAM bhagavAn jinendrake pUjanakI taiyAriyAM ho rahI hai / kumakuma aura candana ghisa liyA gayA hai, usame kapUra milA diyA hai| ketakIke puSpa maMgavA liye hai, unameM se sugandhi nikala rahI hai| pavanaMjane pUjanakI thAlI bhagavAn jinendrake caraNoMmeM samarpita kii| unhe vizvAsa hai ki aisA karanese AtmA zuddha hogI aura eka dina mokSa bhI mila jAyegA, 1. jaina granthaprazastisaMgraha, prathama bhAga, dillI, pR0 100 / 2. isakI eka hastalikhita prati, seTha kU~cAke mandira, dillImeM tathA eka prati jana siddhAnta bhavana ArAmeM maujUda hai| isI pratike antameM racanA-kAla vi0 saM0 1616, vaisAkha badI navamI diyA hai|

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112 hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi "kUkU caMdana ghasivA gharaNI, mAMjhi kapUra meli ati dhnnii| jiNavara caraNa pUjA karI, avara janma kI thAlI dharI // 'rAya' bhoga ketakI savAsa, so bhAviyA vaMdaU jaas| 'jiNavara Agai dharai paSAli, jANi mukati sira baMdhi pAli // 41-42 // " sandhyAkA samaya hai| pavanajairAya mitroMsahita apane mandirake Upara baiThe hai / ghoMsalokI ora ur3ate hue pakSI AsamAname zabda kara rahe hai / sarodarake kinAre Ate hI unakA 'pulaka' aura bhI mukharita ho utthaa| vahA~ke vRkSoMpara hI unake ghoMsale hai / dizAoMkA lAla mukha kAlA par3a gayA hai| cakavA-cakavI bhI pRthakpRthak ho gaye haiM / citrame svAbhAvikatA hai aura rasa bhI, "dina gata bhayo Athayo mANa, paMSI zabda karai asamAna / mitta sahita pavanaMjai rAya, mandira Upara baiTho jAya / dekhe paMkhI sarovara tIra, karai zabda prati gahara gahIra / dasai disA muSa kAlo bhayo, cakahA cakihI antara lyo||" kavine vIra bAlakakA ojasvI citra khocA hai / hanumAn kSatriyake putra the| vIratA unakA svabhAva thaa| unake bAla-tejase zatru-ghaTAeM aise vidIrNa ho jAtI hai, jaise bAla-sUryase andhakAra phaTa jAtA hai| siMha cAhe choTA hI ho phira bhI dantiyoko mAraneme samartha hotA hI hai| saghana vRkSose vyApta vana kitanA hI vistIrNa ho, agnikA eka kaNa hI use jalAneme samartha hai, "bAlaka jaba ravi udaya karAya, andhakAra saba jAya palAya // bAlaka siMha hoya ati sUro, dantighAta kare cakacUro / saghana vRkSa bana ati vistAro, ratto agni kare daha chAro // jo bAlaka kSatriya ko hoya, sUra svabhAva na chAr3e koya // " pradyumnacaritra isakI eka hastalikhita prati AmerazAstrabhaNDArameM saM0 1820 kI likhI huI maujUda hai| isa kAvyako racanA harasora gaDhake jinendra mandira meM huI thii| vahA~ deva, zAstra, guruke bhakta zrAvaka loga rahate the| prazastimeM granthakA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1628 diyA gayA hai| prArambhameM hI jagatke nAtha tIrthaMkarako vandanA karate hue kavine likhA hai ki unakA smaraNa karanese mana utsAhase bhara jAtA hai| aThAraha doSa dUra ho jAte haiM, aura chiyAlIsa guNa utpanna hote haiM,

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jaina makta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya "ho tIrthakara baMdU jaganAtha / toha sumiraNa mana hoi uchAha to huA cha aru hoya jI sI // tiha kAraNa rahai ghaTa pUri guNa chIyAlIsa sobhe bhalA jii|| doSa aThAraha kiyA dUra to rAsa bhaNau paracamana ko jI // " sudarzana rAsa yaha rAsa AmerazAstrabhaNDArame maujUda hai| kAvyako racanA vaizAkha zuklA saptamI vi0 saM0 1629 me huI thii| vaha samrATa akabarakA rAjya-kAla thaa| kavine akabarake lie likhA hai ki vaha indrake samAna rAjyakA upabhoga kara rahA thA / usake hRdayameM bhAratake SaT darzanoMkA bahuta adhika sammAna thA, "sAhi akabara rAjaI, aho bhogave rAja ati indra samAna / aura carcA ura rAkhai nahIM ho chaH darasaNa ko rAkhai jI mAna // 2 // " kAvyako bhASApara gujarAtIkA prabhAva hai aura usakI racanA sAdhAraNa hI kahI jA sakatI hai| bhagavAn AdinAthako praNAma karate hue kavine maMgalAcaraNameM likhA hai, "prathama praNamoM Adi jiNiMda, nAmi rAjA kula udayAjI cNd| nagara ayodhyA apane svAmI pUraba lAkha, caurAsI sI jI AI, marude jI mAta he ura dhriddN|" zrIpAlarAsa isakI eka prati AmerazAstrabhaNDAra meM maujUda hai / isameM 40 panne hai / kula padyoMkI saMkhyA 297 hai / isakA lipi saMvat 1689 aura racanA saM0 1630 hai| isame rAjA zrIpAlakI kathA hai| ve 'koTIbhaTa' kahalAte the| arthAt uname eka karoDa bhaToMkA bala thaa| saundarya meM kAmadevake samAna the| pUrva karmoke vipAkase ve kor3hI ho gye| eka rAjA apanI kanyA mainAsundarIse nArAja hokara usakA vivAha unake sAtha kara gyaa| mainAsundarI bhagavAn jinendrakI bhakta thI / usane bhagavAnkI bhakti ko aura jinendrako eka mUtike prakSAlita-jalase hI apane patikA kor3ha ThIka kara liyaa| zrIpAla phira pahale-jaise hI sarvAMgasundara ho gye| isa prakAra kAvyame jinendrako 'bhakti hI pramukha hai| manorama kathAnaka aura bhaktipUrNa bhAvone kAvyako uttama koTikA banA diyA hai| bhApAmeM zithilatA hai kintu khaTakanevAlI nahIM / maMgala padya isa prakAra hai,

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114 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi " ho svAmI praNamo Adi jiNaMda, baMdau zrajita hoI AnaMda / saMbaMdau jagati syau, ho abhinaMdana kA praNamo pAMi // " bhaviSyadatta kathA dhanapAlakI apabhraMza 'bhavisayattakahA' pro0 yAkobI dvArA sampAdita hokara san 1998 me myUnikakI 'raoNyala ekeDemI' se prakAzita huI thI / dhanapAlake pazcAt anekAneka bhaviSyadattakathAoMkA nirmANa hotA rahA / prastuta kAvya bhI usI paramparAkI eka dena hai / 'bhaviSyadattakathA' ko paMcamI vrata kathA bhI kahate hai / isame paMcamI - vratakA mAhAtmya batAyA gayA hai / granthakA mukhya AdhAra bhakti hai / bhagavAn jinendrakI bhaktike kAraNa hI bhaviSyadatta apane sautele bhAI bandhudatta ke dvArA diye gaye bhISaNa duHkhoMkA unmUlana kara skaa| usakI mA~ 'suyapaMcamI' vrata rakhatI hai, aura vaha svayaM bhagavAn jinakI pUjA karatA hai / ataH ThIka samayapara eka devane sahAyatA kI aura usako patnI tathA dhana-sampatti donoM hI prApta ho gaye / isakI eka prati vi0 saM0 1690 kI likhI huI AmerazAstra bhaNDAra meM mojUda hai / isameM 67 panne hai / prazastime likhA hai ki isakA nirmANa saM0 1633 me kArtika sudI caudasako zanivArake dina huA thA / usa dina svAti nakSatra aura siddhi yoga thA / isa kAvyakI racanA DhUMDhAhaDa dezake sAMgAnera nAmake sthAnapara huI thI / sAMgAnerakI zobhAkA varNana karate hue kavine likhA hai ki usakI cAroM dizAoM meM sundara bAz2Ara the, jiname motI hIroMkA vyApAra hotA hI rahatA thA / vahA~ bhagavAn jinendrakA eka bahuta U~cA mandira bhI thA / usameM vezaqImato toraNa TaeNge the, bahumUlya caMdovA tane the / vahA~ rAjA bhagavatadAsa rAjya karatA thA / anekoM rAjakumAra usakI sevA karate the / prajAko saba prakArakA sukha thA / duHkhI aura daridroMkI bhI AzAeM pUrI hotI rahatI thiiN| vahIM bar3e-bar3e dhanavAn zrAvaka rahate the / ve jayajayakAra karate hue bhagavAn arihantako pUjA pratidina karate the, 1 "desa DhUMDhAhara sobhA vaNI, puMjeM tahAM Ali maNataNI / nimala tale nadI bahu phirai, sukha se basai bahu sAMgAneri // 1. solaha se taitIsA sAra, kAtika sudI caudasa sanivAra / svAti nakSatra siddhi zubhajoga, pIDA khana vyApai roga // antima prazasti /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya cahuMdisi bANyA malA bajAra, bhare paTolA motI hAra / bhavana uttuMga jinezvara taNA, sobhai caMdavA toraNa ghaNA // rAjA rAjai bhAgavatadAsa, rAjaku~vara sevahiM bahu tAsa / parajA loga sukhI sukha baseM, dukhI dalidrI puravai bhAsa // zrAvaka loga basai dhanavaMta, pujA karahi jayahi arahaMta / uparAu parI bairana kAsa, jihi ahimiMda surga sukha vAsa // " 115 32. kuzalalAbha ( vi0 saM0 1616 ) kuzalalAbha jaisalamerake rAvala hararAjake Azrita kavi the / rAvala hararAjakA samaya sattarahavIM zatAbdIkA prathama pAda mAnA jAtA hai / kuzalalAbhakA racanAkAla bhI yaha hI thA / ukta rAvalajIke kahanese hI unhone rAjasthAnIke AdikAvya 'DholA mArU rA dUhA' ke bIca-bIcame apanI caupAiyA~ milAkara prabandhAtmakatA utpanna karanekA prayAsa kiyA thA / isapara DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedIkA kathana hai, "mujhe lagatA hai ki bhAvapUrNa padoke bIca rAsalIlA Adike samaya kathAsUtrako jor3ane ke lie ye caupAI-baddha pada bAdame jor3e gaye hoge| DholAke dohoMkA kathAsUtra milAneme kuzalalAbhane isI kauzalakA sahArA liyA thA / " yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM hai ki samaya-samaya para usame dA~va-peMca bharI huI kathAoMkI cippiyA~ lagAkara use mukta kase 'AkhyAnaka kAvya' banA deneke prayatna hue hai / " ina caupAiyoMse viraharasame koI vyAghAta nahI pahu~cA hai, apitu kathAke eka sUtrame ba~dha jAnese 'prabandhakAvya' kA Ananda AyA hai, to phira ve 'kathAoko cippiyA~' kaise ho sakatI hai / isake atirikta ve 'dAMva-peMca bharI' to taba hoM, jaba unhoMne mUlakathAko svAbhAvikatAko vinaSTa kiyA ho / kintu aisA nahI huA hai / 3 kuzalalAbha kharataragaccha ke samartha guru zrI zrI abhayadeva upAdhyAya ke ziSya the 1. hindI sAhityakA AdikAla, bihAra- rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA, 1652 I0, pRSTha 67/ 2. nAmavarasiMha, hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhraMzakA yoga, sAhityabhavana limiTeDa, ilAhAbAda, navIna saMskaraNa, 1654 I0, pRSTha 282 | 3. zrI Saratara gacchi sahi gururAya, guru zrI abhayadharma uvajhAya / tejasAra rAsa, anta, 15vaoN padya, jainagurjarakavio, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 214 /

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hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi aisA pratIta hotA hai, jaise unheM kavitva zakti janmase hI milI thI / unhoMne bhakti, zRMgAra aura vIra jaise pramukha rasopara saphala kavitAeM kiiN| unakI zRMgAraparaka racanAkA nAma 'mAdhavAnala caupAI' hai / ise 'mAdhavAnala - kAmakandalA' bhI kahate hai / isakI racanA bhI zrAvaka hararAjakI preraNA se hI phAguna sudI 13, ravivArake dina saM0 1616 me huI thii| isame sAr3he pAMca sau caupAiyA~ hai / isameM mAdhavAnala aura kAmakandalAke premako kathA hai| kahI lokamaryAdAkA ullaMghana nahIM ho sakA, yahI isakI vizeSatA hai / Aja bhI yaha grantha rAjasthAna aura gujarAtame bahuta prasiddha hai / kuzalalAbhane bhaktise plAvita anekAneka kAvyoMkI racanA kI aura uname katipaya ye hai : 'zrIpUjyavAhaNagItam', 'sthUlibhadrachattIsI', 'tejasAra rAsa', ' stambhana pArzvanAthastavanam', 'goDIpArzvanAthastavanam' aura 'navakAra chanda' | 116 zrIpUjyavAhaNagItam yaha gIta, aitihAsika jaina - kAvyasaMgrahame saMkalita hai| kAvya sarasa hai, bhAva sundara aura bhASA ramya / kavine bhaktipUrNa bhAvose zrIpUjyavAhaNake caraNome apanI puSpAMjali arpita kI hai / guruke pravacanoM ke arthako vRkSoMne samajhA hai, aura usIme tanmaya hokara mAno ve jhUma uThe hai / kAminI koyalamadhura svarame guru mahArAjake hI gIta gA rahI hai| 'pUjyatI dezanA' se prabhAvita hokara hI mAno gambhIra gagana bArambAra gAja rahA hai / mayUrokI thirakana aura cakoroko pulakapUrNa A~khome gurUpadezakA zubha bhAva spaSTa jhalaka rahA hai, "pravacana vacana vistAra aratha taravara ghaNA re / kokila kAminI gIta gAyai zrI guru taNA re 1 1. rAvala mAli supATa dhari, kuMvara zrI harirAja / viracieha siNagArasi tAsa kutUhala kAja // saMvat sola solotarai, jaisalamera majhAri / phAguNa sudi terasi divasa, viraci AdityavAra // gAthA sAThI pAMcasai, e caupai pramANa / mAdhavAnala caupaI, antima prazasti, prazastisaMgraha, jayapura, pRSTha 247-248 / 2. aitihAsika jaina-kAvyasaMgraha, agaracanda nAhaTA dvArA sampAdita, kalakattA, vi0 saM0 1664, pRSTha 110-117 / 1

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya gAjai-gAjai gagana gambhIra zrI pUjyanI dezanA re| maviyaNa mora cakora thAyai zuma vAsanA re // 63 // " guruke dhyAname snAna karate hI zItala vAyu masta cAlase cala rahI hai| sArA saMsAra sugandhise mahaka rahA hai aura vaha sugandhi gurUpadezakI hI hai| guru mahArAjake kAraNa hI vizvake sAto kSetrome dharma utpanna ho sakA hai| yadi aise gurukA prasAda upalabdha ho sake to avazya ho sukha milegA, aisA bhaktako vizvAsa hai, "sadA guru dhyAna snAna lahari zItaka vahai re / kIrti sujasa visAla sakala jaga maha mahai re / sAte kSetra suDhAma sudharmaha nIpajai re| zrI guru pAya prasAda sadA sukha saMpajai re // 6 // " sthUlabhadra-chattIsI yaha kAvya bIkAnerako anUpa saMskRta lAyabrerIke eka guTakAke pRSTha 91-98 para saMkalita hai| isame racanA-kAla nahI diyA hai / kula 37 padya hai| yaha kAvya AcArya sthUlabhadrakI bhaktime nirmita huA hai / isakI bhASAme sarasatA aura bhAvome svAbhAvikatA hai| prArambhame ho 'sthUlabhadra-chattIsI' kahanekI pratijJA karate hue kavine likhA hai, "sArada zarada candra kara nirmala, tAke caraNa kamala citalAiki / suNata saMtoSa hoi zravaNaNa kuM, nAgara catura sunahu citacAiki // kuzalalAma buti Ananda bhari, suguru prasAda parama sukha pAiki / karihaM thUlabhau chattIsI, atisundara paibaMdha banAiki // 1 // " yaha kAnya guru-bhaktike antargata AtA hai| gurukI mahimA apAra hai| ziSya kitane hI aparAdha kare, kintu use vizvAsa rahatA hai ki udAra guruse kSamA mila hI jAyegI, "vaisA vAika suNI bhayau lajita muNi, soca kari suguru kai pAsa AvaI / cUka aba mohi parI caraNa tadi sira dhari, Apa aparAdha prApaI khamAvai // 37 // " 1. rAjasthAname hindIke hastalikhita granthoMkI khoja, caturtha bhAga, agaracanda nAhaTA sampAdita, sAhitya saMsthAna, udayapura, 1954 I0, pRSTha 105 /

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hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi RSi sthUlabhadra nirmala ho cuke hai| unhoMne pAparUpI maloko vigalita kara diyA hai| unake suyazake varNana karaneme bhakta-kaviko parama Ananda prApta hotA hai, "dhanya thUlibhadra riSi nirmala parakhi, vAhi kai sarisa kuNa nara kahAvai / dharati je brahma tapa sujasa tinakA, sUvana kuzala kavi parama Ananda pAvai // 37 // " tejasAra-rAsa yaha rAsa guru abhayadharma upAdhyAyako preraNAse likhA gayA thaa| isakI racanA vIramapura nAmake nagaramai vi0 saM0 1624 meM huI thii| vAcaka kuzalalAbhakA kathana hai ki isa jinapUjAko jo koI par3hatA hai, usake saba manoratha pUrNa ho jAte hai / "zrI Saratara gacchi sahi gururAya, guru zrI amayadharma uvamAya / solahasaI caubIsi sAra, zrI vIramapura nayara majhAra / adhikAraI jinapUjA taNai, vAcana kuzala lAma ima bhaNai / je vAMcaI naI je sAMmalai, tehanA sahU manoratha phalaI // 15-16 // " yaha dopa-pUjAse sambandhita kAvya hai| isakI upalabdha prati pauSa zuklA 14 vi0 saM0 1644 ko tapAgacchake sahajavimalane rAjapurame ko thii| zrIsahajavimala tapAgacchAdhirAja paramaguru bhaTTAraka zrIhemavimalasUrike ziSya mukhya paNDita zrI sumatimaNDala gaNike ziSya the| prArambhame hI jina-pratimAke pUjanakI mahimAkA ullekha hai| jina-pratimA jinendrake samAna hI hai| usakI pUjA karanese ihabhava aura parabhava donoM hI saMbhala jAte hai, "zrI siddhAratha kulasiluM carama jiNezara viir| pAnnugi praNamI tasataNA sovinavannasirIra // 1. iti tejasAra dIpapUjAviSaye rAsa samApta, saM0 1644 veSa, posa su0 14 rAjapura nagare, tapAgacchAdhirAja zrIzrIparamaguru bhaTTAraka zrI hemavimalasUri, tat ziSya mukhya paNDita zrI sumatimaMDaNa gaNi, tat ziSya sahajavimalena likhito ayaM rAsa / janagurjarakavio, prathama bhAga, pR0 215 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya jinavara zrImuSi upadisauM bhavikaloka suSakAji / jina pratimA jina sAraNI mASi zrIjinarAji // pratimA jinanI jinasUri prANa hi ekati ahibhava parabhava suSa lahaI ima bhASaI arihaMta // 1-3 // " stambhanapArzvanAthastavanam ___ zrI kuzalalAbhane isa stavanako racanA khambhAtameM, vi0 saM0 1653 meM kI thii| stambhana pArzvanAthakI sAtizaya mUtti hai| saMskRtame stambhana pArzvanAthako lekara anekoM stuti-stotrokI racanA hotI rahI hai| taruNaprabhAcArya aura jinasomasUrike stambhanapArzvanAthastavanokA saMkalana 'mantrAdhirAjakalpa' meM huA hai| hindIme kuzalalAbhakA 'stambhanapArzvanAthastavanam' usI paramparAme hai| isa stavanakA Adi aura anta nimna prakArase hai, Adi "prabhu praNamure pAsa jiNesara thamaNau, guNa gAvAre bhuja mana ulaTa ati ghaNau / jJAnI viNare ehanI Ada na ko lahai, toheM paNire gItAratha gUru Ima kahai // " anta "Imi stanyo sthaMbhaNa pAsa svAmI nayara zrISamAyateM, jama sahA guru zrImuSa suNiva vANi sAstra Agala saMmate / e Ada mUrati sakala surati sevatA sukha pAMmIe, manabhAva ANi lAbha jANi, kuzalalAma pajapaye // " gauDIpArzvanAthastavanam __ gauDI pArzvanAthako bhI sAtizaya pratimA hai| usake darzana karanese roga-zoka dUra ho jAte hai / zrI yazovijayakA saMskRtame likhA huA 'gauDIpArzvanAthastavana' atyadhika prasiddha hai| zrI kuzalalAbhakA 'goDopArzvanAthastavana' hindIkI racanA hai / isame 23 padya hai| stavaname gauDIpArzvanAthakI bhakti hI mukhya hai / kavine 1. isakI hastalikhita prati, zrI di0 jaina mandira badhIcandajI, jayapurake guTakA maM0 62 meM nibaddha hai| 2. yaha stavana, baDodarAke zrI zAntivijayajIke bhaNDArameM maujUda hai| isakI dUsarI prati, jayapurake paM0 lUNakaraNajIke mandirameM, guTakA naM0 66 meM aMkita hai| 3. janastotrasandoha 1, muni caturavijaya-dvArA sampAdita, ahamadAbAda, pR0 364 / 4. jaina gurjarakavio, pahalA bhAga, pR0 216 /

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hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi prArambhame usa sarasvatIkI hAtha jor3akara vandanA kI hai, jo surANI hai, svAminI hai, aura vacana - vilAsakI brahmANI hai / vaha eka aimI jyoti hai, jo samUce vizvame vyApta hai, 120 "sarasati sAmanI Apa surANI, vacana vilAsa vimala brahmANI, sakala joti saMsAra samANI, pAda paraNamuM joDi yuga pANi // 1 // " ist pArzvanAthako vandanA kevala nara hI nahI, kintu asura, indra, deva, vyantara aura vidyAdhara Adi sabhI karate hai / bhagavAna pArzva jinendra samUce saMsAra ke nAtha hai / bhagavAnke darzana usa cintAmaNike samAna hai, jo sabhI manovAMchitoMko pUrA kara detI hai / jinake darzanoMmeM aisI zakti ho, usako mahimA aparampAra hai, "teNi dharA jasa tua udadhi tihAM dipa asaMkhita, vyoma dharaNi pAyAla ANa sura bahe akhaMDita / asura indra nara amara vividha vyaMtara vidyAdhara, seve tuja pAya saya na mAja sujape niraMtara / jaganAtha pAsa jinavara jayo manakAmita ciMtAmaNI, kavi kuzalalAbha saMpati karaNa dhavaladhIMga gauDIghaNI // antima kalaza || navakAra chanda 1 isame 17 padya haiM / isakI hastalikhita prati ahamadAbAda ke gulAbavijayajI - ke bhaNDAra meM maujUda hai| isameM paMca parameSThIkI vandanA kI gayI hai| zrI kuzalalAbhane likhA hai ki usakA nitya jApa, saMsArakI sukha-sampattiyoMko prApta karAtA hai, aura siddhi bhI pradAna karatA hai / ekacittase paMcaparameSThIko ArAdhanA karanese anekoM abhilaSita RddhiyA~ prApta ho jAtI hai, " nitya japII navakAra saMsAra saMpati sukhadAyaka, siddhamaMtra zAzvato ima jaMpe zrI jaganAyaka / navakAra sAra saMsAra de kuzalalAbha vAcaka kahe, ekacitte ArAdhII vividha Rddhi vaMchita lahe || antima kalaza // " 1. jaina gurjarakavizro, pahalA bhAga, pR0 216 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 33. sAdhukIrti ( vi0 saM0 1618) ___ sAdhukIttikI guru-paramparA isa prakAra hai : mativardhana, merutilaka, dayAkalaza aura amaramANikya / ' amaramANikya sAdhukottike guru the| ye kharataragacchake sAdhu the, unhoMne syAna-sthAnapara jinacandrasUrikA smaraNa kiyA hai| eka sAdhukIrti aura ho gaye hai, jo bar3atapagacchake jinadattamUrike ziSya the| donoMme bhinnatA spaSTa hai| sAdhukotti bhakta-kavi the| unhoMne aneka stuti-stotroMkI racanA kii| unameM prasiddha ye hai : 'padasaMgraha', 'sattara-bhedI pUjAprakaraNa', 'cUnar3I', 'rAgamAlA', 'zatrujaya stavana', 'namirAjarSi caupii'| inakI bhASApara gujarAtIkA vizeSa prabhAva hai| sattara-bhedI pUjAprakaraNa isakI racanA aNahilapurameM vi0 saM0 1618 zrAvaNa zuklA 5 ko huI thii| isakI hastalikhita prati jayapurake TholiyoMke di. jaina mandirame guTakA naM0 33 meM saMkalita hai| zrI kastUracanda kAsalIvAlane isakA racanAkAla vi. saM0 1658 likhA hai, jaba ki isake antima padase vi0 saM0 1618 siddha hai| isakA Adi-bhAga isa prakAra hai, "jyoti sakala jagi jAgatI hai, sarasati samarasu maMda / sattara suvidhi pUjAtaNI, pamaNisu paramAnaMda // " cUnar3I isakI prati jayapurake TholiyoMke jaina mandirame guTakA naM0102 me nibaddha hai| isa guTakekA lekhanakAla saM0 1648 hai, ataH yaha siddha hai ki racanA saM0 1648 se pahale hI huI hogii| isakI pUrI racanA 'thAulapuri sohAmaNau, gaDha maDha mandira vAI ho' cAlame kI gayI hai| rAgamAlA isakI prati bhI Tholiyoke digambara jaina mandirameM guTakA naM0 33 meM nibaddha hai| 1. sAdhurkAtti, ASAr3habhUti-prabandha, anta bhAga, padma 182-183, jainagurjarakavipro, bhAga 1, pR0 220 / 2. saMvat 16 aThAra zrAvaNa sudi / paMcami divasi samAjai // 3 // . ___ jainagurjarakavio, bhAga 1, pR0 220 /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi zatrujaya stavana isakI racanA 17vI zatAbdIke prathama pAdameM huii| isakI eka hastalikhita prati zrI mohanalAla dulIcanda desAIke pAsa hai / usakA Adi-anta isa prakAra hai / Adi "paya praNamI re, jiNavaranA zubha bhAva lii| puMDaragiri re, gAisu guru supasAU laI // " anta "ima karIya pUjAya thAjo gahi saMgha pUjA AdaraI, sAhammivacchala karaI maviyA~, bhava samudra lIlA taraI, saMpadA sohaga teha mAnava, riddhi vRddhi bahu lahaI, amaramANika sosa suparai, sAdhu kIrati sukha lahaI // " namirAjarSi caupaI ___ isakI racanA nAgaurame vi0saM0 1636 mAgha zuklA 5 ko huI thii| isakI prati 17vI sadIkI likhI huI hI maujUda hai, jisameM 5 patre hai| anya stotra-stavana ____ 'ekAdazI stotra', 'vimalagiri stavana', 'AdinAtha stavana', 'sumatinAtha stavana', 'puNDarIka stavana', 'jinAdi kavitta', 'nemistavana' aura 'nemigIta' bhI sAdhukIttikI ho racanAe haiN| 34. hIrakalaza (vi0 saM0 1624) hIrakalaza kharataragacchake zvetAmbara sAdhu the| isI zAkhAme zrI jinacandrasUrikA janma huA thA, jinakA nAma sunate hI vAdi jana palAyana kara jAte the| unhIMke paTTapara Age calakara zrI devatilaka upAdhyAya virAjamAna hue| unameM agAdha pANDitya aura sujanatAkA abhUtapUrva samanvaya thaa| unake ziSya harSaprabhu nAmake muni hue / hIrakalaza unhIMke ziSya the| 1. jainagurjarakavio, bhAga 1, pRSTha 220-221 / 2. jainagurjarakavizro, bhAga 3, pRSTha 666 / 3. vahI, pRSTha 700 / 4. jainagurjarakavio, bhAga 1, pRSTha 234-240 tathA bhAga 3, pRSTha 725-28 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 123 hIrakalazakA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1624 se 1677 taka mAnA jAtA hai| horakalazakI sAta racanAe~ prApta hai : 'samyaktvakaumudI', 'siMhAsana battIsI', 'kumatividhvaMsa caupAI', 'ArAdhanA caupaI', 'munipati caritra caupaI', 'solaha svapnasajjhAya', 'aThAraha nAtarAM sambandhI sjhaay|' samyaktvakaumudIrAsa ___isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1624 mAha sudI 15 budhavAra puSyanakSatrameM huI thii| kavine racanAsthalakA ullekha karate hue likhA hai ki maine isa rAsakI racanA 'savAlaSa' nAmakI nagarIme kI, jahAMke dhArmika-snehane mujhe bAMdha liyA thaa|' isakI sabase prAcIna prati vi0 saM0 1652 bhAdra badI 4 bhaumavArakI likhI huI maujUda hai, jise vanAsuta parISa vIradAsane apane par3haneke lie likhA thaa| isa kAvyame 1050 padya hai aura sabhI caupAiyome nibaddha hai| isa rAsameM aneka bhaktoMke caritrokA sarasa varNana hai| bhASAme laya hai aura bhAvoMme bhaktikI srstaa| siMhAsana battIsI isa kAvyakI racanA vi0 saM0 1636 Asoja badI 2 ko, savAlaSa dezake antargata meDatA nAmake nagarame huI thii| isakI eka prati mevAr3ake sarasvatI bhaNDArame vi0 saM0 1646 kAttika sudI 12 ravivArakI likhI huI maujUda hai| isa pratime zloka-saMkhyA 3500 hai| sabhI padya caupAI aura dohoMme haiN| vaise to isa kAvyame vikramAditya bhojakA caritra vaNita hai, kintu vAstavame dAnakI mahimA batAnA hI kavikA mukhya lakSya thaa| dAnakI mahimAkA ullekha jainazAstroke anusAra hI kiyA gayA hai| kumatividhvaMsa caupaI isa kAvyake nirmANa-kAlakA ullekha karate hue kavine likhA hai, 'isakI 1. saMvata solahasaI cauvIsa, mAhI pUnama budha sarosa puSya nakSatraI leha, deza savAlaSa nayarI jeha, dharma taNau jilA vAdhyuneha, tihAM koI ca upaI jeh| jainagurjarakavio, bhAga 1, pRSTha 234-235 / 2. rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthoMkI khoja, bhAga 1, DaoN. motIlAla menAriyA sampAdita, hindI vidyApITha, udayapura, 1642 I0, pRSTha 152-153 /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi racanA vi0 saM0 1677 jeTha sudI 15 budhavArake dina karNapurI nAmake nagarameM huI thii|' isakI eka prati vi0 saM0 1759 kI likhI huI maujUda hai|' __ isa kAvyame mUrti pUjAkA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| usa samaya musalamAna aura hinduoMke kucha sampradAya mUtti-pUjAko kumati mAnane lage the| isame usakA nirAsa kiyA gayA hai| ArAdhanA caupaI isako racanA vi0 saM0 1613 mAha sudI 13 guruvArako nANorame huI thii| isakI eka prati bIkAnerake nAhaTA zrIke pAsa hai, jisame kevala 4 panne hai| dUsarI prati Asoja badI 13 vi0 saM0 1869 kI likhI huI mahara bhaNDArame maujUda hai| isameM kevala 7 panne hai| eka tIsarI prati aura bhI hai jo 17vIM yA 18voM sadIkI likhI huI hai, jisamai 6 panne hai| isa kAvyame 24 tIrthakarokI ArAdhanA kI gayI hai| munipati caritra caupaI ____ isa caupaIkI racanA vi0 saM0 1618 mAha vadI 7 ravivArako bIkAnerame huI thii| isakI prati vIragAmake saMgha bhaNDArame maujUda hai| isame kula 733 padya hai| isame munivara munipatike caritrakI mahimAkA varNana hai| pUrA kAvya 'munibhakti se otaprota hai| solaha svapna sajhAya isa choTe-se kAvyakA nirmANa vi0 saM0 1622 bhAdoM sudI 5 ko huA thaa| garbhameM Aneke pUrva tIrthaMkarakI mAtA 16 svapna dekhA karatI hai| unhIMkA yahA~ ullekha hai / isame kula 20 paya hai / aThAraha nAtarAM sambandhI sajhAya ___ isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1616 zrAvaNa zuklAmeM huI thii| jambU svAmIne jina 18 nAtarAokA ullekha kiyA hai, unhIMkA isameM varNana hai| isameM kula 52 padya hai| 1. solahasai sattottaravAsa, karNapurI nayarI-ulhAsa / jehi punima ne budhavAre, zrI saMvegi joga-avatAra // jainagurjarakavibho, bhAga 1, pRSTha 240 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 125 35. pANDe jinadAsa ( vi0 saM0 1642 ) 'jambU caritra' me pANDe jinadAsane apanA paricaya diyA hai| ve Agareke rahanevAle the| unake pitAkA nAma brahmacArI santIdAsa thaa| kucha vidvAnoMkA kathana hai ki unhone brahma santIdAsake pAsa zikSA prApta kI thii| ho sakatA hai ki unhone zikSA bhI apane pitAke samIpa hI grahaNa kI ho| eka hI vyakti guru aura pitA donoM ho sakatA hai| yadi 'brahma' vizeSaNa zaMkA utpanna karatA ho to yaha bhI asambhava nahI hai ki zrI santIdAsane putrotpattike uparAnta brahmacarya vrata dhAraNa kiyA ho| inakA racanAkAla bAdazAha akabarakA samaya mAnA jAtA hai| inhoMne svayaM bhI aisA hI likhA hai| inake AzrayadAtA akabarake prasiddha mantrI ToDarazAha the| unake putra dIpAzAhake par3haneke nimitta hI 'jambUsvAmIcaritra'ko racanA huI thii| ToDarazAhake parivArake riSabhadAsa, mohanadAsa, rUpa maMgada aura lachamIdAsakA ullekha bhI unhoMne kiyA hai| ve sabhI dhArmika vyakti the aura unakI khyAti bhI vizeSa thii| dIpAzAhane matharAmeM eka 'nipiddhikA'kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa| ho sakatA hai unhoMne mathurAke prAcIna jaina-stUpokA bhI jIrNoddhAra karavAyA ho| pANDe jinadAsake likhe hue aneka kAvyoMkA patA calA hai| ve isa prakAra hai : 'jambUsvAmIcaritra', 'yogIrAsA', 'jakhar3I', 'cetanagIta', 'munIzvaroMkI jayamAla', 'mAlorAsA', aura 'pada' / iname antima cAra to navInatama khojake pariNAma haiN| 'cetanagIta' zrI di0 jaina mandira badhIcandajI, jayapurake guTakA naM0 27 meM, 'munIzvaroM 1. brahmacAra bhayo saMtIdAsa, tAke suta pADe jinadAsa / tita yA kathA karI manalAya, punya heta mita tata vara tAhi // 95 // di0 jaina mandira, bar3autake sarasvatI bhaNDArakI prati / 2. akabara pAtasyAha kA rAja. kInI kathA dharma ke kAja. bhUlyau bisaryo akSara jahAM, paMDita guNI savArI tahA // 92 / / 3. koI dharmanidhi pAsA sAha, ToDala sUta Agare sanAha / tAke nAvaM kathA yaha karI, mathurA me jihi nisahI karI // 93 / / RSabhadAsa aru mohanadAsa, rUpa maMgada aru liSyebhIdAsa / dharmabuddhi to rahIyo citta, rAja kare paravAra saMjutta / / 94 // 4. kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikAkI hastalikhita hindI granthoMkI khojake vArSika 20ve vivaraNameM pANDe jinadAsakA vivaraNa, nN03|

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126 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi ko jayamAla', guTakA naM0 160 me, 'mAlIrAsA', guTakA naM0 162 meM aura 'pada', guTakA naM0 32 me sakalita hai| inake 'pada-saMgraha' kA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1671 jeTha badI 13 diyA huA hai| jambUsvAmIcaritra ___ 'jambUsvAmIcaritra'kI racanA vi0 saM0 1642 me huii| isameM jambUsvAmI nAmaka eka jaina-bhaktakA caritra hai| isakI vaha prati, jisakA ullekha kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikAme hai, saM0 1751 ko likhI huI hai| hindIke prasiddha jaina kavi vinodIlAlane apane par3haneke lie likhI thI / jambUsvAmI jainoke antima kevalI the aura unakI bhaktime aisI anekAneka racanAeM banatI calI A rahI hai / hindIme likhA huA yaha prastuta caritra bhASA aura bhAva dono hI dRSTiyose uttama koTikA hai| jaba rAjA zreNika bhagavAna mahAvIrake samavazaraNameM gayA to mAnastambhake samIpastha hote hI usakA mana komala ho gayA, "mAnasthyambha pAsa jaba gayau, gayo mAna komala mana bhayo / tIna pradacchinA dInI rAi, rAjA haraSyai aMgi na mAi // 8 // namasakAra kari pUja karAi, puNi muni koThe baiTho aai| paramesura stuti rAjA karai, bAra-bAra bhagati ucarai // 9 // " yogIrAsA yogi-bhaktikA kAvya hai| isakA vivaraNa kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikAkI 17vI traivArSika khoja riporTame pRSTha 89 para aMkita hai| bIkAnerake abhaya jaina pustakAlayame 'jogI rAso'ko kaI pratiyAM maujUda hai| yogIrAsA'ko eka prati AmerazAstrabhaNDAra aura eka prati mahAvIrajI zAstrabhaNDArame bhI hai| _ 'yogIrAsA' ke do padya atyadhika sundara hai, unameM dUsarA to AdhyAtmika ojakA pratIka hai| kavi kahatA hai, "mai mohake vizAla parvatako khodakara bahA duuNgaa| sthUla indriyoMko jIvita nahI chodduuNgaa| kandarparUpI vikarAla sarpake Tukar3eTukar3e kara dUMgA aura viSama viSase bhare hue viSayoMko to samApta hI kara dUMgA, 1. saMvata to solA sai bhae, bayAlIsa tA Upara gaye / bhAdauM badi pA~cai guruvAra, vA dina kathA kiyau uccAra // 91 // 2. rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthoMkI khoja, bhAga 4, pRSTha 126-30 /

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127 jaina makta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya "nA hauM rAcauM NA hauM viracauM, NA kachu maMti Na ANau / jIva sabai kui kevala jJAnI, Appu samANA jANau // 23 // moha mahAgiri Saudi bahAU~. iMdriya thUli na rASau / kaMdarpa sarpa nidappa kare binu, viSayA viSama viSa nAkhau // 26 // " jakhar3I ____yaha kAvya 'bRhajjinavANI saMgraha' (pR0 609-611 ) me prakAzita ho cukA hai| isakA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1679 hai| isameM sAta padya hai| isame cauthA padya samyagdRSTikI mahimAse yukta hai, "dasaNa guNa bina jAta jike dina so dina dhika-dhika jAni / dhanya sohi sohI paramino, bhrAMti ma manamAhiM Ani // bhrAMti su mithyAdRSTi lacchana, saMzaya rahita sudissttii| yoM jAne vina gayau gahI je, pada pAvai paramiSTI // 2 // " lAvaNI pANDe jinadAsako racI huI do lAvaNI zrI di0 jaina atizaya kSetra mahAvIrajIke eka adhajale guTakeme nibaddha hai| "maiM bhava bhava mAhIM deva janesvara pAU~ ina caurAsI kara mAhiM pheri nahIM AU~ / / jai jai jainadharama jinadAsa lAvaNI gAI terI acala aSaMDita jyoti sadA sukhadAI // " cetanagIta isa gItameM 5 padya hai| kavine cetanako sambodhana karake kahA hai, "cetana ho tero parama niyana, kAi dalidrI hoi rahyo ho / niramolika ho naga tere hAtha, muThI bA~dhi bIkata rahyo / kata rahyo mithyA mUMThi bAMdhi bi, batA naga achatA kro| niju ratna bhItari jatana bAhiri, diSTi kahi kaise phurau // imi prakaTa pariSi biharaSu, mAnibI bilabiu jigahi jetanau tima parama paMDita divya diSTihi, kaho tuma syoM cetanA // 1 // " 1. mahAvIrajIzAstrabhaNDArakI hastalikhita prati /

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128 hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi mAlIrAsau isameM 26 padya haiM / yaha eka rUpaka kAvya hai / jIva mAlI hai aura bhava eka vRkSa hai / kavikA kathana hai ki bhavavRkSake phala jaharake samAna haiM, unheM nahIM cakhanA cAhie, pada "mAlI varajyau ho nA rahe, phala cASaNa kI bhUSa / bAdhi sugADI gaDagadI, kUdI caDhyau bhavarUSi ho prANI // 4 // suraDAli car3hI mAliyA, haMsi haMsi te phala SAya / aMti su rone re kaMdaro, jaba mAlA kumalAi ho prANI // 5 // " jinadAsa ke padoM meM bhakta kavi hRdayakI svAbhAvikatA sarvatra vyApta hai / eka padakI katipaya paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM, "AnaMdarUpI AnaMda karatA virada yahI ati bhArA / suSa samUha kA dAtA bhAI mahAmaMtra navakArA ho // 2 // aise prabhu ko nAma bhavika jana palaka na jAta bisArA ho / jinadAsa nAma balihArI kari ho mohi nistArA ho ||3|| " 36. tribhuvanacandra ( 17vIM zatAbdI vikrama pUrvArdha) tribhuvanacandra hindI ke praur3ha kavi the / ve Agareke rahanevAle the / unheM pANDe rUpacandra aura kavi banArasIdAsakA sAnnidhya prApta huA thA / unakI racanAe~ usI raMga raMgI huI hai, jo banArasI-maNDalako mukhya dena thI / unake pArivArika jIvana aura guru-paramparA ke viSaya meM kucha bhI vidita nahI hai / ve apanI racanAoM meM kevala 'candra' kA prayoga karate haiM / unakI hindI - racanAomeM anitya paMcAzata, Sadravya varNana, prAstAvika dohe aura phuTakara kavita hai / prathama do saMskRtakI anuvAda mAtra hai, aura avaziSTa do maulika kRtiyA~ haiM / bhASA-zailIke AdhArapara candrazataka bhI inhoMkI kRti mAlUma hotI hai / usameM kavike upanAma candrakA hI prayoga hai / tribhuvanacandra, 17vIM zatAbdI ke prathama pAdake kavi the / unakI racanAome utkRSTa koTikA sAhitya nibaddha hai / 1. prazastisaMgraha, jayapura, prastAvanA, pRSTha 18 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya anitya paMcAzata isame padya saMkhyA 55 tathA isakI prati Amera ke zAstra bhaNDArame maujUda hai / chanda adhikatara chappaya aura savaiyA hai| isakI dUsarI prati jayapura ke paNDita lUMNakarajI ke mandira me virAjamAna guTakA naM0 35 veSTana naM0 319 me nibaddha hai / isa guTakepara lekhanakAla vi0 saM0 1652 paDA huA hai / isase siddha hai ki 'anitya paMcAzata' kI racanA 1652 se pUrva ho cukI thI / banArasIdAsakA 'kalyANa mandirastotra' bhI isI guTake meM nibaddha hai / prArambhika maMgalAcaraName hI kavine atyadhika sarasa DhaMgase uma bhagavAnkI jaya-jayakAra kI hai, jo saMsArame 'paramAtama' ke nAma prasiddha hai, "suddha svarUpa anUpama mUrati jAsu girA karunAmaya sohai / saMjamavaMta mahAmuni jodha jinhoM para dhIraja cApa gharI hai / mArana ko ripu moha tinheM vaha tIkSana sAraka paMkati ho hai / so bhagavaMta sadA jayavaMta namoM jaga meM paramAtama jo hai // ' jJAnIjana sAsArika harSa aura zokako vAstavika nahI mAnate / ve ina donose hI nirapekSa rahate hai / isa vicArase sambandhita eka padya dekhie, "jahA~ hai saMjoga tahA~ hota hai viyoga sahI, jahA~ hai janama tahA~ maraNa ko bAsa hai / saMpati vipati doU eka hI bhavana dAsI jahA~ vasai suSa tahA~ duSa ko vilAsa hai / jagata meM bAra-bAra phirai nAnA parakAra karama avasthA jhUThI thiratA kI Asa hai I 129 naTa kaise bheSa aura aura rUpa hohiM tAteM, haraSa na soga gyAtA sahaja udAsa hai // 51 // " antame saMskRta 'anitya paMcAzata' ke racayitA AcArya padmanandikI vandanA kI hai / candrazataka isakI prati jaina siddhAnta bhavana ArAme maujUda hai| isameM 100 padya hai / vitta aura sarvayoMkA hI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| yaha eka praur3ha racanA hai / bhASA sarala hote hue bhI sarasa hai aura bhAva sIdhe-sAdhe hote hue bhI madhura hai / kavitAme na to prasAdakI kamI hai aura na lAlityakI / sabhI pada AdhyAtmikatAse otaprota hai / udAharaNa ke lie, 17

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130 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi "guna sadA gunI mAhiM, guna gunI minna nAhiM, minna to vibhAvatA, svabhAva sadA dekhie| soI hai svarUpa Apa, Apa so na hai milApa, moha ke abhAva meM, svabhAva suddha pekhie / chahoM dravya sAsate, anAdi ke hI bhinna bhinna, Apane svabhAva sadA, aisI vidhi lekhie| pA~ca jar3a rUpa, bhUpa cetana sarUpa eka, __ jAnapanoM sArA caMda, mAthe yoM visekhie // " 37. kumudacanda (vi0 saM0 1645-1687 ) ___ inakA janma gopura nAmake gAMvame huA thaa| pitAkA nAma sadAphala aura mAtAkA nAma padmAbAI thaa| kula moDhavaMzake nAmase vikhyAta thaa| yazapAla moDhake 'mohaparAjaya' se vidvAn paricita hI hoNge| moDha gujarAtI baniyAM hote the| avazya hI kumudacandake pUrvaja gujarAtase rAjasthAnake gopura grAmame A base hoge / unakI racanAopara rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtIkA prabhAva hai| prAcIna hindI, rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtImeM vizeSa antara nahI thaa| ataH kumudacandakI kRtiyoMko inameM se kisI eka bhASAkI kahanA saMgata nahI hai| unhe janmase hI udAsIna pravRtti aura adhyayanazIla mastiSka milA thaa| pahalIkA prabhAva yaha huA ki ve yuvAvasthAse pUrva hI udAsIna ho gaye / adhyayanazola honeke kAraNa unhoMne zIghra hI vyAkaraNa, kAvya aura siddhAntapara adhikAra kara liyaa| bhaTTAraka ratnakotti apane ziSyake jJAnako dekhakara mugdha ho utthe| bAraDolImeM nayA paTTa sthApita kiyA thaa| usapara kumudacandako vi0 saM0 1656 me abhiSikta kara diyaa| isa padapara ve vi0 saM0 1987 taka pratiSThita rhe| 1. moDhavaza zRMgAra ziromaNi, sAha sadAphala tAta re| jAyo yativara juga jayavaMto, padmAbAI sohAta re // dharmasAgarakRta gIta / 2. saMvat sola chapanne vaizAkhe pragaTa payodhara thApyA re / ratnakItti gora bAraDolI vara sUra maMtra zubha ApyA re // mAI re manamohana munivara sarasvatI gaccha sohaMta / kumudacanda bhaTTAraka udayo bhaviyaNa mana mohaMta re|| gaNeza kavi kRta 'gurustuti| 3. vhii|

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya kumudacandakI khyAti adhika phailI, guru ratnakottise bhI adhika / rAjA aura navAba bhI unako prazaMsA karate the| unake vidyAbalase bar3e-bar3e vidvAn vazavartI ho gaye the| jahAM jAte, janatA unake pIche ho jaatii| isakA kAraNa thA, vidvattAke sAtha-sAtha vANIkI madhuratA aura hRdayakI pvitrtaa| unake ziSya dharmasAgarane eka gItame likhA hai ki ve jahAM vihAra karate, mArga kuMkumase chir3aka diye jAte, cauka motiyose pUre jAte aura babAye gAye jAne lgte|' ___ kumudacanda vidvAn hI nahIM, apitu sAhityakAra bhI prathama koTike the| abataka unakI 28 racanAe~ aura aneka pada tathA vinatiyAM prApta huI hai| inakI racanAome gIta adhika hai| unakA sambandha nemIzvara aura rAjulake prasiddha kathAnakase hai / 'nemijinagIta'me rAjulakA saundarya-varNana karate unhoMne likhA hai, "rUpe phUTaDI miTe jUThaDI bole mIThaDI vANI / vidruma uThaDI pallava goThaDI rasanI koTaDI bakhAMNI re // sAraMga vayaNI sAraMga nayaNI sAraMga manI zyAmA hrii| laMbI kaTi mamarI baMko zaMkI harinI mAri re // " 'neminAtha bArahamAsA','praNayagIta' aura 'hiNDolanAgIta'me rAjulakA viraha mukhara ho uThA hai / phAlgunamAsa AnandakA banA hotA hai| paliyA~ patiyoMke sAtha phAga khelatI hai| unake vadana prasannatAse sadaiva khile bane rahate hai| kintu rAjImatI kyA kare, usake patine vairAgya le liyA hai / vaha lauTakara nahI aayegaa| usakA viraha phUTa par3A, "phAguNa kesU phUlIyo, nara nArI sme vara phAga jii| haMsa vinoda kare ghaNA, kima nAhe dharyo vairAga jI // " 'vaNajArAgIta' meM 21 padya hai| yaha eka rUpaka-kAvya hai| isame manuSya vaNajArA hai| jisa taraha vaNajAre idhara-udhara ghUmate-phirate hai, usI bhAMti yaha manuSya saMsArame bhramaNa karatA hai| dina-rAta pApa kamAtA hai / saMsArake bandhanase kabhI chUTatA nahI, "pApa karyo te anaMta, jIvadayA pAlI nhiiN| sAMco na boliyo bola, bharama mo sAbahu boliyA // " 1. sundari re sahuAvo, to kuMkuma chaDo devaDAvo / vArU motiye coka pUrAvo, rUDA sahaguru kumudacanda ne vadhAvo // dharmasAgarakRta giit|

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132 hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi kumudacandakI vinatiyAM bhaktirasakI picakAriyAM hI hai| unakA saMkalana mandira TholiyAna, jayapurake guTakA naM0 131 me prApta hotA hai| isa guTakekA lekhanakAla vi0 saM0 1779 diyA huA hai| eka vinatIkI kucha paktiyA~ isa prakAra hai, "prabhu pAyaM lAgauM karUM seva thArI / tuma suna lo araja zrI jinarAja hmaarii| dhauM kasTa karideva jinarAja pAmyo hai sabai saMsAranauM duSa vAmyau / jaba zrI jinarAjanau rUpa darasyo jaba locanA suSa subhAdhAra varasyau / lahayA ratanaciMtA navanidhi pAI mAnauM bhAgaNe kalpatara Aji bhaayo| manavAMchita dAna jinarAja pAyau gayo roga saMtApa mohi saraba tyAgI // " kumudacandake pada mandira lUNakaraNajI pANDayA, jayapurake guTakA naM0 114 me aMkita hai / eka padame prabhuko mIThA upAlambha dete hue bhakta kavine likhA hai, "prabhu mere tumakuM aisI na chiie| sapana vidhana dherata sevaka kU mauna dharI kyoM rahie / bighana harana sukha karana sabani kU citta ciMtAmani kahie / azaraNa zaraNa abandhu kRpAsindhu ko virada nIvahie // hama to hAtha vikAne prabhu ke bhaba jo karaiM so shie| to mani kumudacanda kaheM zaraNAgati kI sarama ju ghie||" unakI kRtiyoMmeM 'bhAratabAhubalichanda' eka khaNDakAvya hai| isake kathAnakameM bharata aura bAhubalike prasiddha yuddhako kathA hai| donoM hI bhagavAn RSabhadevake ckrvtto putra the| bharata bar3e aura bAhubali choTe the| bharatane apane cakravartitvako sArvabhauma banAneke lie bAhubaliko bhI jhukAnA caahaa| donome dvandva yuddha huaa| jIta bAhubaliko huI, kintu unhe saMsArase vitRSNA ho gayI aura ve vaname jAkara tapa karane lge| pUre kAvyame do rasa pramukha rUpase panapa sake hai : vora aura zAnta / bAhubalikA samUcA jIvana eka Adarzacaritra hai / ve vIratAke vareNya aura zAntike agradUta hai / ve hI donoM rasoMke nAyaka haiM / dvandva yuddhako jAte hue unakA eka dRzya hai,

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya "cAcyA malla akhADe balIbhA, sura nara kimmara jovA malIbhA / kAchayA kAcha kazI kaha tAMNI, bole bAMgaDa bolI vaannii| bhujA daMDa mana suMDa samAnA, tADatAvaMkhAre naanaa| ho ho kAra kari te dhAyA, vacho vaccha paDyA le raayaa| hakAre pancAre pADe, valagA valaga karI te vADe / paga paDadhA pohovI-tala bAje, kaDakaDatA taruvara se bhAje / nAThA vanacara trAThA kAyara, chUTA mapagala phUTA sApara / gaDa gaDatA girivara te paDIo, phUta pharaMtA phaNapati driimaa| gaDa gaDagaDImA maMdira paDhImAM, diga daMtIva makyA cala calIbhA // " isa kAvyakA nirmANa vi0 saM0 1670 jyeSTha zuklA chaThako huA thaa| isako eka hastalikhita prati AmerazAstrabhaNDAra jayapurake guTakA na0 50 meM pR0 40 se 48 taka aMkita hai| __ 'RSabha-vivAhalA' eka mahattvapUrNa kRti hai| isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1678 me ghoghAnagarame huI thii| yaha uparyukta guTakeme hI pR0 227 se 234 taka nibaddha hai| isame RSabhadevakI mAke 16 svapna dekhanese lekara RSabhadevake vivAha paryantakA vizada varNana hai / antame vairAgya dhAraNa karane aura mokSa-prAptikA ullekha hai / yaha saba kucha gyAraha DhAloMme sampanna huA hai / antima DhAla mukhya hai| usase 'vivAhalA' zabda sArthaka siddha hotA hai| bhaktiparaka kRtiyome bhautika vivAha 'vivAhalA'nahIM kahalAtA, jaba ArAdhyadeva dIkSAkumArI, saMyamazrI yA muktivadhUkA varaNa karatA hai, to vaha 'vivAhalA', 'vIvAhalA', 'bIvAhalau' Adi saMjJAose abhihita hotA hai| 'RSabha-vivAhalA'ko antima DhAlame muktivadhUke sAtha RSabhadevakA vivAha huA hai|

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hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi isa kAvyame aneka hRdayagrAhI dRzya hai / RSabhadevakA kacchamahAkaccha kI jisa putrI ke sAtha vivAha honA thA usake saundaryakA eka citra hai, 134 " kacha mahAkacha rAya re, jeinuM jaga jaza gAya re / tasa kuMarI rUpeM sohe re, jotAM janamana mohe re / sundara veNI vizAla re, arava zazI sama bhAla re / nayana kamaladala chAje re, mukha pUraNacandra rAje re / nAka sohe tilanu phUla re, adhara suraMga taNuM nahiM bhUle re // " RSabhadeva mA~ marudevI ke garbhame Aye / indrakI AjJAse vividha deviyA~ mA~kI sevA karane A gayo / sevAme tallIna deviyokA bhakti bhAva dekhie, " eka nitya nivAve, eka paSAle pAya / eka vIjar3aDe caTakAve, sarake vAya // eka veNI samAre, nayaNe kAjala sAre / eka pIyala kAr3he, eka amarI siNagAre || eka cosara gUMthe, eka zrApe tambola | eka paga te pIle, kuMkama suraMga rola // " janmake uparAnta bAlaka RSabhadeva dhIre-dhIre bar3hane lage, " dina dina rUpe dIpato, kAMi bIjataNo jima caMda re / sura bAlaka sAthe rame, sahu sajjana maniM ANaMda re // sundara vacana sohAmaNAM, bole bAhuaDo bAla re / rima jhima bAje ghUgharI, page cAle bAla marAla re // " - 7 padya, uparyukta racanAoke atirikta kumudacandanaM, 'nemIzvara hamacI' - 87 padya, 'traNyaratigIta' - 17 padya, 'dazalakSaNadharmavrata gIta - 11 padya, 'zIlagIta' - 10 padya, 'saptavyasanagIta ' 13 padya, 'ar3hAIgIta' - 14 padya, 'bharatezvaragIta ' - 7 padya, 'pArzvanAthagIta ' 19 padya, 'andholaDIgIta' - 13 padya, 'bhAratIgIta ' 'janmakalyANakagIta' - 8 padya, 'cintAmaNipArzvanAthagIta' - 13 padya, 'dIpAvalIgIta' - 9 padya, 'gautamasvAmI caupaI' - 8 padya, 'pArzvanAthakI vinatI' - 17 padya, 'loDaNapArzvanAthajI' - 30 padya, 'AdIzvara vinatI' - 10 padya, 'munisuvratagIta' - 7 padya, 'gota' - 10 padya, 'jIvaDAgIta' - 10 padya, 'caubIsa tIrthakara deha pramANa caupaI' 17 padya aura ' trepanakriyA vinatI - 14 padyakA bhI nirmANa kiyA thaa|

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135 jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 38. kavi parimalla (vi0 saM0 1651 ) kavi parimallakI kula-paramparA isa prakAra hai : caudharI candana, rAmadAsa, Asakarana / parimalla bhAsakaranake putra the| caudharI candanakA gvAliyarake rAjA mAnake darabArame atyadhika Adara-sammAna hotA thaa| rAmadAsa aura Asakaranane usa khyAtiko surakSita rkhaa| kavi parimallakA janma gvAliyarame hI huA thA, kintu ve AgarAme rahate the| gvAliyarame mAnasika kaSTa rahane ke kAraNa unhone AgarAko apano nivAsa sthAna banAyA thA, jaisA ki 'basai Agare me taji sallu' se spaSTa hai, "tA Agai caMdana caudharI, korati saba jaga meM vistarI / / jAti varahiyA guna gaMbhIra / ati pratApa kula maMDana dhIra // tA suta rAmadAsa parabIna / naMdanu bhAsakaranu suSalIna // tA suta kula maMDana 'parimalla' / basa Agare maiM taji sallu // " usa samaya Agareme samrATa akabarakA zAsana thaa| usakI prazaMsA karate hue kavine likhA hai, "vaha dUsare sUryakI bhAMti tapatA hai, usake rAjyameM kahI anIti nahIM hai, aura usane samUcI pRthvIko jIta liyA hai", "babbara pAti sAhi hoi gyo| tA sutu sAhi himAu bhayo / tA sutu akabaru sAhi sujAnu / so tapa tapai dUsarau bhAnu / tAke rAja na kahUM anIti / vasudhA sara karai saba jIti // 32 // " kavi parimalla barahiyA jAtimeM utpanna hue the| usa samaya barahiyoMke anekoM ghara gvAliyarame the| sabhI vaibhava-sampanna; maryAdApUrNa aura yazasvI the| unameM sarvotkRSTa honeke kAraNa hI candana caudharI kahalAte the| kahanekA tAtparya yaha ki kavikA janma eka ucca parivArame huA thaa| zrIpAla caritra yaha kAvya atyadhika lokapriya thaa| isakI itanI hastalikhita pratiyAM upalabdha haiM ki yahAM sabakA ullekha asambhava hI hai| chaha pratiyoMkA vivaraNa kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikAkI bIsavI traivArSika riporTa meM diyA gayA hai| ye pratiyAM kramazaH vi0 saM 1807, 1835, 1856, 1874, 1913 aura 1. zrIpAlacaritra, padya 5, kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikAkI 20vI travArSika riporTa, nN04|

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. hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi 1926 kI likhI huI hai| eka prati AmerazAstrabhaNDAra jayapurame, dUsarI jayapurake Tholiyoke di0 jaina mandirame aura tIsarI jayapurake badhIcandajIke mandirame maujUda hai| dillIke paMcAyatI mandirame bhI eka prati hai| ina sabame prAcIna prati AmerazAstrabhaNDArakI hai| yadyapi kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikAkI 19vI vivaraNikAke sampAdakone, isakA racanAkAla vi0 sa0 1649 nirdhArita kiyA hai, kintu sabhI prAcIna pratiyome vi0 saM0 1651 diyA huA hai| yaha eka uttama koTikA prabandha-kAvya hai| isameM mahArAjA zrIpAlakA caritra varNita hai| unakI patnI mainAsundarIne, jinendra-bhaktise hI apane pati zrIpAlakA kor3ha ThIka kiyA thaa| zrIpAla bhI bhagavAn jinendrakA bhakta ho gayA thaa| isa kAvyame vIra aura bhakti rasakA samanvaya humA hai| isako par3hanese spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki racayitA eka prauDha kavi the| unhone Agare aura gvAliyarakA sajIva citra upasthita kiyA hai| zrIpAla aura mainAsundarIke jIvanako aneka ghaTanAoko sundaratAke sAtha citrita kiyA gayA hai / dharma aura adharma, pApa aura puNya, hisA aura ahiMsAke ghAta-pratighAtoko bhI suSThu DhaMgase dikhalAyA hai| antame jainadharma aura usake 'bhaktiparaka gIto' me hI mahAkAvya pUrNa huA hai| ___ kavine jina-zAsana, jina-mAtA aura jina-muniyoke caraNome apanI zraddhA samarpita kI hai, "vaMdauM jina zAsana ko dhamma, bhApa sAya nAsai adhakarma / vaMdauM guru je guNa ke mUra, jinake hoya gyAna ko puur| vaMdauM mAtA sIMha vAhinI, jAteM sumati hoya ati dhnii| vaMdauM muniyana je guna dhamma, navarasa mahimA udatina karma // prazasti antima // " 'zrIpAla caritra' dohe-caupAiyoMme likhA gayA hai| kahIpara bhI yati-bhaMga aura chanda-bhaMga nahI huA hai| anuprAsokA cayana bhI sundara hai / yadyapi usakI bhASAmeM tadbhava zabdoMkA prayoga adhika huA hai, kintu usakI gati-zIlatA kahI bhI vizRMkhala nahI hone pAyI hai / bhASAme vraja, avadhI, bundelakhaNDI aura mAravAr3IkA 1. prazastisaMgraha, jayapura, pRSTha 271 / isa pratikA lipikAla vi0 saM0 1764 diyA huA hai| 2. rAjasthAnake jaina zAsnabhaNDAroMkI granthasUcI, bhAga 3, pRSTha 216 / 3. vahI, pRSTha 761

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 137 mizraNa hai / kahIM dIno, lInI, kahI diyau, liyo, ajahU~ aura kaho kahAr3e, suvAsiNi, sIsANa aura maNUM Adi zabdokA prayoga hai / mizraNa hote hue bhI bhASAko 'sadhukkar3I' kI saMjJA nahIM dI jA sakatI, kyoki usame sAhityikatA hai / 39. vAdicandra ( vi0 saM0 1651 ) ye mUlasaMghake bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa ke praziSya aura prabhAcandrake ziSya the / inakI gaddI gujarAtame kahIM para thI / inakI guruparamparA vidyAnandi, mallibhUSaNa, lakSmIcandra, vIracandra, jJAnabhUSaNa, prabhAcandrake rUpameM kahI jAtI hai / vAdicandra eka samartha sAhityakAra the / unhoMne saMskRta aura gujarAtI mizrita hindI meM likhA / inakA saMskRtame likhA huA 'pArzvapurANa' 1500 zlokapramANa hai| usakI racanA vAlhIka nagarame kAttika sudI 5 vi0 saM0 1640 ko huI thI / ' 'jJAnasUryodaya' nATakakI to bahuta hI khyAti hai / usakA nirmANa mAgha sudI 8 vi0 sa0 1648 ko madhUkanagarame huA / 'pavanadUta' to kAlidAsake meghadUtake AdhArapara racA gayA eka sarasa khaNDa-kAvya hai / isameM kula 109 padya hai / ' 'yazodhara caritra' aMkalezvara bha~rocake cintAmaNi pArzvanAthake mandira meM, vi0 saM0 1657 meM pUrNa kiyA gayA / ra 1. vAdicandra, zrIpAla AkhyAna, prazasti, padya 5-8, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pRSTha 387, pAdaTippaNI 2 / 2. zUnyAbdo rasAbjAke varSe pakSe samujjvale | kAttikamAsi paMcamyAM vAlhIke nagare mudA 11 pArzvapurANa, prazasti, 3 zloka, prazastisaMgraha, bhAga 1, vIra sevAmandira, dillI, prastAvanA, pR0 24, pAda TippaNI 1 / 3. vasu- veda- rasAbjAke varSe mAghe sitASTamI divase / zrImanmadhUkanagare siddho'yaM bodhasaMrambhaH // jJAnasUryodaya nATaka, prazasti, 3 padya, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 385, pAdaTippaNI 4 | yaha nATaka, jaina grantharatnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaIse, san 1606 meM, paM0 nAthUrAma premI anuvAdasahita prakAzita ho cukA hai| 4. ise khaNDakAvyako svargIya paM0 udayalAlajI kAzalIvAlane san 1914 meM hindI anuvAda sahita jaina sAhitya prasAraka kAryAlaya, bambaI dvArA prakAzita kiyA thA | aba yaha nirNayasAgara presakI kAvyamAlAke terahaveM gucchakameM chapA hai / 5. aMkalezvara sugrAme zrIcintAmaNimandire / saptapaMca rasAbjAMke varpeskAri muzAstrakam // yazodharacaritra, prazasti, 81vaoN padya, prazastisaMgraha, prathama bhAga, dillI, prastAvanA, pR0 24, pAdaTippaNI 4 | 18

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hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi 'sulocanA caritra' kI eka hastalikhita prati vi0 saM0 1661 kI likhI huI milI hai / grantharacanA usase kucha pUrva huI hogI / 138 unhoMne gujarAtI mizrita hindIme bhI aneka racanAe~ kI / unameM mahattvapUrNa ye hai : 'zrIpAla AkhyAna', 'bharata bAhubalI chanda', 'ArAdhanA gIta', 'ambikA kathA' aura 'pANDavapurANa' / zrIpAla AkhyAna isa AkhyAnakI eka prati bambaIke ailaka pannAlAla sarasvatIbhavanameM maujUda hai / zrI mohanalAla dulIcanda desAIne jisa pratikA ullekha kiyA hai, vaha vi0 saM0 1676 pauSa badI 3 kI likhI huI hai / AkhyAnake viSayame paNDita nAthUrAmajI premIne likhA hai ki yaha eka gItikAvya hai aura isakI bhASA gujarAtI mizrita hindI hai / isakI racanA saMghapati ghanajI savAke kahanese vi0 saM0 1651 me huI thI / isame AkarSaNakI koI kamI nahI hai | nau rasoMkA prayoga huA hai / bhASA meM pravAha aura saralatA hai / kAvyame adhikatara dohe aura caupAIkA prayoga huA hai| prArambhika maMgalAcaraNa dekhie, " Adi deva prathamaM nami, aMti zrI mahAvIra / vAgvAdini vadane nami, garuDa guNa gaMbhIra // " "sarasati sumati Naye aNuMsari, gaura gahanA goyama mani bhari / bolu eka hu~ sarasa AkhyAna, suNa je sajjana sahu sAvadhAna // 5,, isa kAvya ke par3hanese jinendra ke prati bhaktipUrNa bhAvoMkA udaya hotA hai / caMcala citta sthira hokara bhagavAnkI bhaktime laga jAtA hai| dAna dene, jinapUjA karane aura samyaktva dhAraNa karane meM mana lagatA hai / NatrakAra mantrake uccAraName, aura brahmako dhAraNa karanemeM hRdaya AnandakA anubhava kara uThatA hai / isa gItake gAnese nara-nAriyoko aneka prakArake maMgala prApta hote hai, "bhaviyana thira mana karIneM suNajyo nita sambandha jI // 9 // 1. isakI eka hastalikhita prati IDarake zAstrabhaNDArameM maujUda hai, aura dUsarI ailaka pannAlAla di0 jaina sarasvatIbhavanameM hai / 2. jainagurjarakavipro, tIjo bhAga, pR0 804 / 3. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 387 / 4. saMghapati dhana jI savA bacaneM kevala zrIpAla putra sahita tumha nitya karo jayakAra jI // 12 // 5. jainagurjarakavipro, tIjo bhAga, pR0 803 / kIdho e prabaMdha jI /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 139 dAna doje jinapUjA kIje samakita marne rAkhijai jii| sutraja maNie NavakAra gaNie asatya na vibhASije jI // 10 // loma tIje brahma dharIje sAMmalyAnuM phala eha jI / e gIta je nara nArI suNase aneka maMgala taru geha jI / / 11 / / " bharata-bAhubalI chanda ___ isakA ullekha zrI mohanalAla dulIcanda desAIne 'janagurjarakavio' bhAga 3 pR0 804-5 para kiyA hai / usakA eka padya isa prakAra hai, "boli vAdIcaMdra gaNanu kuNa ratnAkara, avani eka tuM mala acala mahimA mahimAkara, tuM asalau aradeva jita bhavatAraNa, AzrItanA je loka tehanuM naraka nivAraNa, RSabhadeva vaMchita malo, bAhubala jaga jANIiM, magati pAmI bhAva suM tuma guNa eka vakhANIi // 48 // " ArAdhanA gIta isakI prati sAdarApurameM pArzvanAtha caityAlayake sarasvatIbhavaname dharmabhUSaNake ziSya brahma vAghajIkI likhI huI maujUda hai| yaha eka muktaka kAvya hai, aura usame kula 28 padya hai| pratyeka padya arhantakI bhaktise sambandhita hai| prathama padyameM hI sarasvatI aura gaNadharakI vandanA karate hue kavine kahA hai ki jo koI isa ArAdhanAko par3hegA athavA sunegA, usake pApakA to leza-mAtra bhI na raha jaayegaa| "zrI sarasatI namI vara pAya, gorupA gaNadhara rAya / kahuM ArAdhanA suvizesa, surNe pApa na rahe lavalesa // 1 // " ambikA-kathA ___ isa kathAkI racanA vi0 saM0 1651 me huI thii| isako eka hastalikhita prati lakhanaUke zrI vijayasena aura yati rAmapAlajIke pAsa hai| isameM devI ambikAke prati bhakti-bhAva pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| yaha kathA prakAzita ho cukI hai| 1. vahI, pR0805 2. agaracanda nAhaTA, ambikAkathA, anekAnta, varSa 13, kiraNa 3-4 /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi pANDava-purANa isako hastalikhita prati jayapurake terahapanthI mandirame maujUda hai / isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1654 me naudhakame huI thii| 40. gaNi mahAnanda (vi0 saM0 1661 ) tapAgacchake prasiddha zrIhIravijayasUrikI ziSyaparamparAme eka zrI vidyAharSa hue| unake ziSya gaNi mahAnanda the| sambhavatayA mahAnanda gujarAtake rahanevAle the, kyoki unakI racanApara gujarAtIkA adhika prabhAva hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki gujarAtI unakI mAtR-bhASA thii| apane pUrvAcAryokA ullekha karate hue unhone likhA hai ki zrI hIravijayasUrine akabara bAdazAhako upadeza diyA thA, aura zrIvijayasena gaNine akabarake daravArame bhaTTa nAmake eka vidvAnko vAda-vivAdame parAsta kiyA thA, "zrI vijayasena gaNadhAra re| jiNi zAhi akabaranI sabhA mAMhi, maTTa suMre kIdho kIdho badubha maMga re| mithyAmata reSar3I karI re jiNi gaDhyu gaDhyu jinazAsani raMgare // " mahAnandakI eka-mAtra racanA 'aMjanA-sundarI rAsa' hai, jo rAyapurame vi0 saM0 1661 me racI gayI thii| aMjanA hanumAnkI mAM thii| unapara aneka ApattiyAM AyIM, kintu ve jinendrakI bhaktise vicalita na huii| unakA sArA jIvana bhaktikA hI jIvana hai| unakI tulanA mIrAse nahI kI jA sktii| mIrAne laukika pakSako nagaNya samajhA, alaukikame hI vibhora banI rhii| aMjanAne loka aura aloka donoM hI kA samAna rUpase nirvAha kiyaa| usane gRhasthAzramake kartavyoMkA bhI pAlana kiyA, aura vItarAgI bhagavAn se prema bhI kiyaa| 1. vedavANaSaDabjAMke varSe tiSetha mAmi caMdre / nodhakAnagare'kAri pANDavAnAM prabandhakaH // 67 // prazastisaMgraha, prathama bhAga, dillI, prastAvanA, pRSTha 24, pAdaTippaNI 3 / 2. gaNi mahAnanda, aMjanAsundarIrAsa, antima prazasti, jaina siddhAnta-bhavana dhArA kI hastalikhita prati / aMjanA sundarI rAsa, antima prazasti, padya 11 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 141 aMjanA sundarI rAsa isa rAsameM aMjanAke jIvanakI vividhatA citrita kI gayI hai| aMjanAkI virahAvasthA una sabame utkRSTa hai| kahI priyase milaneko utkaNThA hai, kahIM priyake iSTa-aniSTakI cintAme khAnA-pInA taka vismaraNa ho gayA hai, aura kahI priyakI smati janya vibhoratAne vastro takako vizRMkhala kara diyA hai| saba kucha nasagika hai, banAvaTakA AbhAsa bhI nhiiN| vahI pativratA jaba akAraNa hI pati-dvArA tiraskRta hotI hai, to isa duHkhako prathama milanakI smatise upazama kara letI hai| usakI sAsane bhramavazAta aMjanAko gharase nikAla diyA, usa samaya vaha garbhiNI thii| usa samayakA karuNAjanaka dRzya kAvyakA mArmika sthala hai| kintu aMjanAne bhagavAnakA sahArA na chodd'aa| usake jIvanakA yaha bhAga gaharI bhagavadbhaktise yukta hai| bIca-bIcame prAkRtika dRzyokA citraNa bhI svAbhAvika DhaMgase huA hai / vasanta A gayA hai| cAro ora vanamAlA phala gayI hai| kaliyoMme bahAra Ane lagI hai. jaise kaMkamakA raMga gholakara cAroM ora chiTaka diyA gayA ho| aisI zobhAke madhyame sundarI aMjanA hAthameM maMjarI liye apanI sakhiyoMke sAtha krIr3A kara rahI hai, "phUliya vanaha vanamAlIya vAlIya karaI re Takola / kari kuMkuma raMga rolIya gholIya jhakama jhola // khelai khela khaMDo kalI mokalI sahIyara sAtha / aMjanA suMdarI suMdarI maMjarI grahI karI hAtha // 54 // " madhukara guMjAra kara rahe hai| koyala bola rahI hai, aura malayAnila baha rahA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai jaise ki mahAnapa madanane virahiNiyoMko daNDa deneke lie hI yaha saba Ayojana kiyA ho| tabhI to aliyoMkI guMjArame mArakA vikAra, koyalako kUkameM kantase mila nekI hUka aura manda-sugandha pavaname uddIpanakI Aga hai, "madhukara karaI guMjArava mAra vikAra vahati / koyala karaI paTahUkar3A TUkar3A melavA kaMta // malayAcala thI calakiu pulakiu pavana pracaMDa / madana mahAnupa pAjhai virahIni sira dNdd||55||" 1. isakI hastalikhita prani jaina siddhAnta-bhavana ArAmeM maujUda hai| isameM kula 22 panne hai|

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi isI vasantame devatA nandIzvarako yAtrA karate haiN| vahA~ke mandiroMme car3hAneke lie unake hAthame sugandhita phUla hote hai, "eNi samaI naMdIsara varaI suravara jAi yAtra / dIsaha gayaNa vahaMtA kara gRhI kusumanAM pAtra // 56 // " aMjanAko jaina muniyoMkI bhaktime Ananda milatA thaa| vaha prAyaH unheM AhAra diyA karatI thii| eka bAra usane AhAra deneke lie 'nandana' nAmake munikA paDigAhana kiyA, jinhone apane durddha tapase saMsArako jIta liyA thaa| ve caramazarIrI the| unake guNoko gAkara pratyeka manuSya AnandakA anubhava karatA hai, aura usake saba manovAchita pUre ho jAte hai, "iNi parigAyu aMjanA, suMdarI naMdana dhIra / dravya bhAva verI prabala, jiNa jItyA jA bar3avIra // carama zarIrI suguNa nara, gAtAM hoi ANaMda / ghai manavaMchita saMpadA, hama bolaha gaNi mahAnaMda // 56-57 // " DaoN0 rAmasiMha tomarane mahANaMdi-dvArA racita eka 'ANaMda stotra'ko bAta kahI hai / isameM 43 padya hai| kintu aba yaha pramANita ho gayA hai ki ve mahANaMdi eka bhinna vyakti the| unakI racanA 'ANaMdA'se siddha hai ki usakA nirmANa vikramakI caudahavIM zatAbdIme huA hogaa| 'ANaMdA'kA prakAzana 'sammelana-patrikA me ho cukA hai| 41. megharAja (vi0 saM0 1661 ) __ ye pArzvacandrasUrigacchake sAdhu the| inakI guru-paramparA isa prakAra thI : pAvacandra, samaracandra, rAjacandra aura zravaNaRSi / megharAja zravaNa RSike ziSya the| isI zatAbdIme eka dUsare megharAja bhI hue hai, ve meghamaNDala kahalAte the aura jo digambara brahma-zAntike ziSya the| unhone 'zAntinAtha caritra' kI racanA kI thii| kintu meghamaNDala satarahavI zatAbdoke pUrvArdhame aura megharAja uttarArdhame hue the| eka tIsare megharAja aura the jo bhAnulabdhike ziSya the aura jinhoMne 'sattarabhedI pUjA' kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| muni megharAja eka praur3ha sAhityakAra the| bhAva, bhASA aura zailI sabhI dRSTiyoM1. naladamayantIrAsa, anta bhAga, paca 2-5, jainagurjarakavizro, bhAga 1, pRSTha 402 /

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jaina makta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya se unakI racanAe~ satkAvyakI koTima AtI hai| unhone sthAna-sthAnapara rocaka DhaMgase alaMkAroMkA prayoga kiyA hai| saMyama pravahaNa isako 'rAjacandra pravahaNa' bhI kahate haiM / isame rAjacandramUrike sAdhujIvanako mahattAkA ullekha hai| ise hama sAdhu-bhaktikA grantha kaha sakate hai / isameM rAma sarika parvAcArya somaratnasari. pAsacandrasari aura samaracandra sarike mAtA-pitA aura AcArya banane AdikA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1661 me huI thii| isakI eka prati saM0 1681 ApADha sudI 15 kI likhI huI' jayapurake Tholiyoke mandirameM veSTana naM0 339 me baMdhI rakhI hai| usakA Arambha aura anta isa prakAra hai, "risahu jiNisara jagatilau nAmi nariMda malhAra / prathama naresara prathama jina tribhovana jana sAdhAra // 3 // cakrI paMcama jANIi solamau jinarAya / zAntinAtha jagi zAntikara nara sura praNamai pAya // 2 // " antima-rAga-dhanyAsI "gachapati darisaNi ati ANaMda / zrIrAjacaMda sUrisara pratapau jA lagi hu ravicanda // 49 // saMyama pravahaNa mAlimagAyau nayara khambhAvata mAhi / saMvata sola anaha ikasaThaI ANI ati uchAha ||gch|| saravaNa RSi guru sAdhu ziromaNi, muni megharAja tasu sIsa / guNa gachapati nA bhAvai bhASai pahucaha Asa jagIsa // 152 // " anya racanAe~ ___ inakI anya racanAoM meM 'nala-damayantI rAsa', 'sola salIno rAsa', 'pArzvacandra stuti' tathA 'sadguru-stuti' aura hai / iname 'pArzvacandra-stuti' una pArzvacandrakI vandanA hai jinake nAmapara 'pArzvacandrasUrigaccha' hI cala par3A thaa| 'sadgurustuti' me gurukI stuti kI gayI hai aura vaha eka sundara gIti-kAvya hai / 1. jainagurjarakavizro, bhAga 1, pR0 401-402 /

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144 hindI jaina makti kAvya aura kavi 42. sahajakIti (vi0 saM0 1661-1697 ) ___ yaha sAMgAnera jayapurake rahanevAle the| inakI kRtiyose inake pArivArika jIvanakA kucha bhI patA nahI calatA hai| yaha kharataragacchakI kSema zAkhAke sAdhu the| inhoMne muni jinacandrakA zraddhApUrvaka smaraNa kiyA hai| inake gurukA nAma AcArya hemanandana thaa| inakI vizeSa khyAti thii| inakI guru-paramparA isa prakAra thI : jinasAgara, ratnasAra, ratnaharpa, hemanandana, shjkiitti| inake 'zatrujaya mahAtmya rAsase AcArya jinasiMhamUri aura mamrATa akabarako bheTakA vRtta vidita hotA hai|' inakI racanAokA saMkSipta paricaya nimna prakArase hai : prIti-chattIsI __isako racanA sAMgAneramai vi0 saM0 1688 me vijayadazamIke dina huI thii| usakI prati jayapurake Tholiyoke mandirake guTakA naM0 97 meM saMgrahIta hai| isakI eka prati paM0 tilakavijayake ziSya godAke dvArA zrAvikA sabhaladeke par3haneke lie likhI huI baDodarAke zAstrabhaNDArame maujUda hai| usakA Adi aura anta dekhie, Adi "prIti na kiNihI jItI jAyaI, ikaiviNu arihaMtajI, mAvaI koDi upAya karau koi, lAgaI maMta na tNtjii|" anta "proti chatrIsI e vayarAgi, bhavika maNi hitakArajI, . vAcaka sahajakIrati kahai mAvai, zrI saMgha jyjykaarjii|" 'pArzva-bhajana', 'cauvIsa','jinagaNadharavarNana', 'pArzvajinasthAnavarNana' aura 'bIsa tIrthakarastuti' ye cAroM bhaktisambandhI kAvya jayapurake badhIcandajIke jaina-mandirame guTakA naM0 116 meM nibaddha haiN| unake racanAkAlake viSayame kucha bhI vidita nahIM hai| ho sakatA hai ki satarahavIM zatAbdIkA antima pAda hI inakA racanAsamaya ho, kyoMki inakI 'prIti chattIso' AdikI racanA usI samaya huI hai| zatrujaMya mahAtmya-rAsa isakI racanA saNakoTa meM saM0 1684 meM huI thii| isakI eka prati vi0 1. zrI jinasiMha siMha jima dippau, tasu pATaI cita lAvaI, akabara sAhi sabhAsana raMjI, jalanidhi mIna chur3Avai re / zatrujaya mahAtmya rAsa, anta mAga, padya 71vA, jainagurjarakavio, bhAga 1, pR0 525 / 2. bainagurjarakavino, bhAga 1, pR0 526 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 145 saM0 1845 kAttika zuklA 5 ko likhI huI maujUda hai, jisakA ullekha zrI demAI mahodayane kiyA hai| sudarzana zreSThi rAma ___ isakI racanA vagaDIpurame vi0 saM0 1661 me huI thii| isameM seTha sudarzanakA jIvana-caritra varNita hai| vaha bhagavAn jinendrakA parama-bhakta thaa| pUrA grantha bhaktise ho otaprota hai / prArambhika paMktiyAM isa prakAra hai, "kevala kamalAkara sura, komala vacana vilAsa, kaviyaNa kamala divAkara, paNamiya phalavidhi pAsa / suranara kiMnara vara bhamara, suna caraNakaMja jAsa, sarasa vacana kara sarasatI, namIyai sohAga vAsa / jAsu pasAyai kavi lahara, kavijanamaI jasavAsa, haMsagamaNi sA bhAratI, deu mujha vacana vilAsa / " jinarAjasUri gIta ___ yaha gIta aitihAsika jaina kAvya-saMgrahame prakAzita ho cukA hai| isame 18 padya hai / jinarAjasUrikI mahimAkA varNana karate hue kavine likhA hai, "rAula 'bhIma' samA malI re lAla, 'jaisalamera' majhAra / paravAdI jItA jiyai re lAla, pAmyau jaya jayakAra // 4 // krodha tajyau kAyA thakI re lAla, dUri kiyau ahaMkAra / mAyAnai mAnai nahIM re lAla, loma na citta ligAra // 8 // " gurume itane guNa hai ki kavi unakA varNana nahIM kara pAtA - "jiNa mAhiM bahu guNa sUrinA, dekhiyai prakaTa pramANa / varaNavI hu~ navi sakU, tasu vidyA taNaDa gAna // 7 // guruke darzanase parama Ananda milatA hai, "sadguru vaMdiyai, 'zrI jinarAja surinda' / darazana adhika ANaMda, jaMgama surataru kaMda // 2 // " 1. jainagurjarakavio, bhAga 1, pR0 525-26 / 2. jainagurjarakavio, bhAga 3, pR0 1016 / 3. aitihAsika jaina kAvyasaMgraha, pR0 174-176 /

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146 hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi jaisalamera caitya pravADI' isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1679 me huI thI / isameM 7 gIta hai / jaisalamera ke caityoMko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai / usakA Adi bhAga dekhie, "sAdhu sAdhavI zrAvaka zrAvI, zrI saMghanaI parivAra re bhAI, zrI jinarAja sUrIsara haraSaI, jaisalameru majhAri re bhAI | caitra pravADi kara vidhi setI, vAjaI vAjitra sAra re, gAvaI gIta madhura sara gorI, kharatara gaccha jayakAra re bhAI || " anya racanAe~ 1 sahajakIrtine 'kalAvatI rAma' vi0 saM0 1667, 'vyasana sattarI' 1668, 'devarAja vaccharAja caupaI' 1672, 'sAgara zreSThikathA' 1675, 'zIlarAsa' 1686, aura 'harizcandra caupAI' 1697 kI bhI racanA kI thI / 43. brahmagulAla (vi0 saM0 1662 ) zrI brahmagulAla raparI aura candavAra gA~voMke samIpa 'TApU' nAmaka gA~vake rahanevAle the / yaha Aja bhI AgarA jileme yamunA nadIke kinAre basA huA hai / isake tIna ora nadI bahatI hai, ataH yaha eka choTA pUrA prAyadvIpa hI hai / isa bhaugolika paribhASAse anabhijJa honeke kAraNa hI usakA nAma TApU cala par3A hogA, aura usa pracalita nAmako hI kavine likhA hai / zrI kastUracandajI kAzalIvAlane likhA hai ki brahmagulAlajI gvAliyarake rahanevAle the / kintu satya to yaha hai ki unhoMne ' trepana kriyA' kI racanA 'gar3ha gopAcala' arthAt gvAliyara meM kI thI, kintu ve vahA~ke rahanevAle nahIM 1 4 1. jainagurjara kavipro, bhAga 3, pR0 1022 / 2. madhyadeza raparI caMdavAra, tA samIpa TApU suSasAra / kRpaNa jagAvanakathA, antima prazasti, hastalikhita prati, zrI zAntinAtha di0 jaina mandira, alIgaMja / 3. prazastisaMgraha, jayapura, agasta 1650, prastAvanA, pR0 21 / 4. brahmagulAla vicAri banAI gar3ha gopAcala thAnaM / chatrapatI cahu~ cakra virAje sAhi salema mugalAne / trepana-kriyA, antima pATha, prazastisaMgraha, jayapura, 1650, pR0 220 //

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jaina makta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 147 __zrI brahmagulAlake gurukA nAma bhaTTAraka jagabhUSaNa thaa| ve apane samayake prasiddha vidvAna aura samartha guru the| unhIse brahmagalAlane jJAna upAjita kiyA thA aura unhIkI preraNAse 'kRpaNa jagAvanahAra' kA nirmANa kiyaa| vaha bAdazAha jahA~gIrakA samaya thaa| usakA zAsanakAla saMvat 1662 se 1684 taka mAnA jAtA hai| zrI brahmagulAla bhI isI samaya hue haiN| unakI 'bepana-kriyA' saM0 1665 meM aura 'kRpaNa jagAvanahAra' saM0 1671 meM bnaa| usa samaya TApUkA rAjA kIratisiMha thA, jo tega aura tyAga donome hI samAna rUpase nipuNa thaa| vaha apane bhavya guNoke kAraNa kulame dIpakake samAna mAnA jAtA thaa| vaha apane maNDalamai go-rakSAke lie prasiddha thaa| bhagavAnne use atyadhika udAra banAyA thaa| usIke rAjyameM dharmadAsajIke bhatIje mathurAmalajI rahate the, jo apane kulake siramaura, aura dAna deneme seTha sudarzanake samAna the| ve brahmagulAlajIke ghaniSTha mitra the, yahA~taka ki brahmagulAlake muni bananepara ve svayaM bhI kSullaka ho gaye the, aura brahmagulAlake sAtha hI rahate the| ___ brahmagulAla sacce kalAkAra the| eka bAra unhoMne siMhakA veSa banAyA, to kucha aisA saccA siMhakA bhAva AyA ki usase eka rAjakumArako hatyA ho gyii| rAjakumArake pitAko sambodhana karaneke lie jaba jaina munikA veSa dhAraNa kiyA to phira sacce jaina muni ho gye| muni brahmagulAlakI chaha racanAeM upalabdha huI hai : 'bepana-kriyA', 'kRpaNa jagAvana kathA', 'dharmasvarUpa', 'samavazaraNastotra', 'jalagAlana kriyA' aura 'vivek-caupii'| inameM 'viveka-caupaI' jayapurake TholiyoMke mandirame hai / 1. jagabhUSaNa bhaTTAraka pAi, karau dhyAna-aMtaragati Ai / tAko sevagu brahma gulAla, kIjI kathA kRpana ur-saal|| kRpaNa jagAvana kathA, antima prazasti, hastalikhita prati, zrI zAntinAtha di0 jaina mandira, aliigNj| 2. soraha se peMsaThi saMmacchara kAtiga tIja aMdhiyArI ho / trepana kriyA, antima pATha, prazastisaMgraha, jayapura, pR0 220 / 3. soraha se ikahattara jeTha, numohi divasa sumari parameThi / kRpaNa jagAvana kathA, antima prazasti, alIgaMjakI hastalikhita prati / 4. kRpaNa jagAvana kathA, antima prazasti, alIgaMjavAlI prati / 5. gaye manAne ko mathurAmala, yatI dharma mahimA jaanii| kSullaka hokara sAtha ho liye, bhoga vAsanA saba hAnI // kavi putrapati, brahmagulAla munikI kthaa| 6.TholiyAna mandira, jayapurakA guTakA naM0 125/

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148 hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi trepana-kriyA isakI prati AmerazAstrabhaNDArame maujUda hai| isakI racanA kAttika badI tIja maM0 1665 me huI thii| racanAsthala gvAliyara hai| usa samaya vahA~ samrATa jahAMgIrakA rAjya thaa| isa kAvyameM janoko trepana dhArmika kriyAoMkA ullekha hai| unakA ullekha upAsya buddhise hI kiyA gayA hai, anyathA kriyAoke kore vivaraName gaNitako zuSkatA avazya A jAtI / kAvyamai rUkhepanake darzana bhI nahI hote / prayama maMgalAcaraNameM hI kavine svIkAra kiyA hai ki bhagavAn jinendrakI carcA karane-mAtrase hI pApa to turanta hI palAyana kara jAte haiM, aura karoDoM vighna kSaNa-mAtrame naSTa ho jAte hai / bhagavAn jinendra ke mukhase utpanna huI sarasvatI devIkA smaraNa karanese kAvyake nirmAName AzAtIta saphalatA milatI hai| tIno lokake nivAsI usa devIkI vandanA karaneme a "prathama parama maMgala jina carcanu, durita turita taji maji ho / koTi vidhana nAsana arinaMdana, loka sikhari sukha rAjai ho / sumiri sarasvati zrI jina udbhava, siddha kavita suma bAnI ho| gana gandharva jattha muni indrani, tIni bhuvana jana mAnI ho // " kRpaNa jagAvanahAra ___ isakI eka prati alIgaMja jilA eTAke zAntinAtha digambara jaina mandirake zAstramaNDArame hai, dUsarI dillIke paMcAyatI mandirame aura tIsarI naharolI, AgarAke jaina sAdhu zrI sukhacandajIke pAsa 'kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA ke khojakartAne dekhI thii| isake kathAnakameM sarasatA hai aura bhASAmeM rmnniiytaa| isa kAvyameM kRpaNakI kathAke sAtha-sAtha bhakti-rasa puSTa huA hai| kyA maiM kSayaMkaro aura lobhadatta donoM hI kRpaNa haiN| unakI durdazAkA kAraNa jinendrakI bhakti se vimukha ho jAnA hI hai / kSayaMkarI apane pUrva bhavameM dhavalaseThakI patnI malli thii| eka ASTAhnika parvotsavameM usane koI utsAha nahIM dikhAyA, apitu pUjanakI sAmagrImeM sar3A-galA mAla juTA diyA aura muniyoMke malina zarIrako dekhakara ghRNA kI, ataH agale bhavameM vaha kor3hina huI aura nArakIya duHkha bhogane pdd'e| antame bhagavAn jinendrako bhakti karane aura sAdhuoMkI sevAse hI vaha svargame deva huii| ____ kRpaNa seTha lobhadattakI do paliyAM kamalA aura lacchA jinendrakI bhakta thiiN| eka bAra seThako anupasthitimeM donoMne jaina muniyoMko zraddhApUrvaka AhAra diyA, 1. kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikAkA pandrahavA~ traivArSika vivaraNa /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya ataH unako AkAzagAminI aura bandhamocinI vidyAe~ siddha ho gyiiN| seTha jaba unako kivAr3ome banda karake calA jAtA thA to ve ina vidyAoMke balapara sahasrakUTa caityAlayakI bandanA karane jAtI thI / sahasrakUTa caityAlaya ke samIpa ratna to bikhare hI rahate hai | eka bAra ve par3osinako le gayIM to vaha bahuta-se ratna sameTa lAyo / seThako usIse vahA~ke ratnoko vAta vidita huI, aura eka dina vaha vimAnakI khAlame baiTha gayA / kintu saMyogavazAt vimAnakA vaha bhAga phaTa gayA aura seThakI mRtyu ho gayI / dono seThAniyoko duHkha to huA kintu santoSapUrvaka jinendrapUjA aura muniyoMko dAna deneme mana lagAyA, ataH ve ihajIvanalIlA samApta kara svargame deva huI / isa prakAra 'kRpaNa jagAvana kathA' me jinendrakI bhakti hI pramukha hai| isI kathAme eka jaina AcAryane rAjA vamupatiko jinendrako mRtti-pUjAkI upayogitA batalAyI hai / unhoMne kahA ki pratimA-pUjana puNyakA nimitta hai, usase AtmA jJAnarUpame pariNamita hotI hai / pratimA darzanase kaSAya gala jAtI hai / "pratimA kAraNu puNya nimitta, binu kAraNa kAraja nahiM mitta / pratimA rUpa pariNanai zrapu, doSAdika nahiM vyApai pApu / krodha lobha mAyA binu mAna, pratimA kAraNa pariNavai jJAna / pUjA karata hoi yaha mADa, darzana pAe galai kaSAu || " 149 dharmasvarUpa isakI prati AmerazAstra bhaNDArame isakI racanA bhAdrapada zuklA tRtIyA saM0 svarUpa varNana hai / kavine prArambhake maMgalAcaraNameM sarasvatI aura gaNapatike caraNoMkI vandanA kI hai, kintu isase yaha na samajhanA cAhie ki granthakA sambandha jaina dharmase nahI hai / kyoki "kIje vAMNI zrI jiNavara sAra, saMsAra saMga utare pAra" aura " mandira vedI dIragha hoi, jINavara dharama japai so hoI" spaSTa rUpase jaina dharmakI mahimAko batAne meM samartha hai| eka nahIM aneka jaina kaviyone sarasvatI aura gaNapatikI vandanA se apane granthokA prArambha kiyA hai / sarasvatIko bhakti to jaina- paramparAmeM bahuta prAcInakAla se calI A rahI hai, kintu gaNapatiko bho vidyAke adhiSThAtR devake rUpame hindIke jaina kaviyoMne svIkAra kiyA thA / maujUda hai / usameM padya saMkhyA 92 hai / 1720 me huI thI / usame jaina dharmakA 1. kRpaNa jagAvana kathA, alIgaMjavAlI prati / 2. prathama sumarau sAradA, gaNapati lAgU pAya / guNa gAU~ zrI jiNa taNA, sunau bhavya mana lAya //

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150 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi 44, udayarAja jato (vi0 saM0 1667) 'mizrabandhuvinoda' ke racayitAoMne inake AzrayadAtAkA nAma mahArAjA rAyasiMha likhA hai, jinhoMne vi0 saM0 1630 se 1688 taka rAjya kiyaa| kintu udayarAjakI likhI huI 'bhajanachattIsI se spaSTa hai ki inake AzrayadAtA jodhapurake rAjA udayasiMha the| isI AdhArapara zrI agaracandajI nAhaTAne "mizrabandhuvinoda' kA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| udayarAja jodhapurake pAsake rahanevAle the| mizrabandhuoMne unhe bIkAnerakA rahanevAlA likhA hai| ho sakatA hai ki bIkAnera meM unakA janma huA ho aura jodhapurame Azraya milA ho| _ 'bhajanachattImI me apanA paricaya dete hue kavine likhA hai ki yaha grantha maine 36 varSakI umrame banAyA aura usakA nirmANakAla saM0 1667 hai / ata: yaha nizcita hai ki udayarAjakA janma saM0 1631 me huA hogaa| inake pitAkA nAma bhadrasAra, mAtAkA nAma harapA, bhrAtAkA nAma sUracandra, patnIkA nAma puravaNi, putrakA nAma sUdana aura mitrakA nAma ratnAkara thaa| ye kharataragacchIya bhadrasArake ziSya the / bhadrasArane 'candanamalayagirI caupaI kI racanA kI thii| inakI racanAoMme 'guNabAvanI', 'bhajanachattIsI', 'caubIsa jina savaiyA' aura 1.mizrabandhuvinoda, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 364 / 2. rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthokI khoja, bhAga 2, pariziSTa 1, pR0 142-143 | 3. sAma samaye udayasiMha vAsa samaye yodhpur| bhajanachattIsI, patha 32 / 4. mizravandhuvinoda, prathama bhAga, pR0 363 / 5. solahasa satasa, kIdha jana bhajana chtrosii| monU varasa chatrIsa, huHva bhani Avai iisii| bhajanachattIsI, 37 veM padyakI prathama do pNktiyaaN| 6. samapi pitA bhadramAra janma samape haraSA ura / samapi bhrAta sUracandra mitra samape rayaNAyara / samapi kalitra pUravaNi samapi putra sudana divAyara rUpa ane avatAra o bho samape Apaja rahaNa udairAja iha ladho ratI, bhavabhava samape maha mahaNa // majanavacIsI, paca 32 //

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 'mana prazaMsA- dohA' atyadhika prasiddha hai / 'mitrabandhu vinoda' me 'raMgejadIna mahatAba 'ko bho inakI hI racanA mAnA hai / isake atirikta 'vaidya virahiNI prabandha' bhI inhIkA racA huA hai / gugabAvanI kahI 'subhASita vAvanI' aura kahIM 'guNabhAsA' ke nAmase prasiddha hai | bhajanachattIsI isa kAvyakI racanA vi0 saM0 1667 phAlguna vadI 13 zukravAra ke dina huI thI / imakA racanAsthala jodhapura rAjyAntargata 'mAMDAvAi' nAmakA sthAna mAnA jAtA hai / usa samaya vahA~ jagamAla nAmakA rAjA rAjya karatA thA / pratyeka bhajana bhagavAn jinendrakI bhaktise yukta hai / bhASAke pravAha aura bhAvoMkI praur3hatAko dekhakara aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kavikI kAvya-zakti paryApta rUpase vikasita thI / eka sthAnapara kavine AtmAko sambodhana karate hue kahA hai ki tU bhagavAn jinendrase prIti kara | yaha prIti sAMsArika sambandhoM aura mAnApamAnoMko dUra karaneme pUrNa rUpase samartha hai, "prIti Apa parajale, prIti avarAM parajAlai / prIti gotra gAlabai, prIti subhavaMza viTAle // prIti kAja ghara nAri, cheda de chorU chor3e / prIti lAja parihare, prIti para khaMr3e pAr3e // dhana ghaTai deta dukha aMga maiM, amakha bhakhai zrajaro jarai / udairAja kahai suNi zrAtamA, isI prIti jiNaUM kare // isa chattIsoko par3hanevAleke duHkha saba dUra ho jAte haiM aura pApa palAyana kara jAte hai, " madrasAra caraNa praNAma kari, maiM anukrama maMkhyA kavita / trailoka chatIsI bAMcatA duHkha jAi nAsai durati // " 151 guNa bAvanI isa kAvyako racanA baberaimeM vi0 saM0 1676 vaizAkha zuklA 15 ko huI thI / isakI sabase prAcIna prati vi0 saM0 1736 kI likhI huI prApta haiM / isa 1. mitrabandhuvinoda, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 364 / 2. badi phAguNa zivarAtri, zravaNa zukravAra samUrata / mAMDAvAha maMjhAri, prabhu jagamAla pRthI pati || bhajanadyattIsI, padya 37 / 3. guNa bAvanI, antima prazasti, padya 56, jainagurjarakavi, pRSTha 676 /

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152 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi pratiko muni mahimANikyane mUryapurake madhya suzrAvaka sAha mANikajI hAMsajIkke par3haneke lie likhI thii| dUsarI prati bhuvana vizAla maNike dvArA vi0 saM0 1812 mAgha vadI 9 ko pUgalame likhI huI abhaya bhaNDAra bIkAnerame maujUda hai| tIsarI prati jayapurake bar3e mandiramai upalabdha guTakA naM0 124 me nibaddha hai| ___isa granthame santa kAvyakI bhAMti pAvaNDakA nirAkaraNa aura AtmAko samboghana kara adhyAtmasambandhI padyoMkI racanA kI gayI hai| isame kula 57 padya hai / prArambhika maMgalAcaraName hI 'praNava akSara' rUpa paramezvarako namaskAra karate hue kavine kahA hai, "UMkArAya namo alakha avatAra aparaMpara, gahina guhira gaMmIra praNava akhyara paramesara / trieha deva trikAla triei akSara tredhAmaya, paMcabhUta parameSThi paMca indrI parAjaya / dhurimatra yaMtrai dhaMkAri dhuri, sidha sAdhaka mArSati saha madrasAra payaMpai gura saMmata udaiputra oMkAra kahi // 1 // " antaHkaraNako nirmala banAnese hI saba kAma calate haiN| bAhyADambara to vyartha hai| 'ziva ziva'kA uccAraNa karanese kyA hotA hai, yadi kAma, krodha aura chalako nahIM jIta liyaa| jaTAoke bar3hAnese kyA hotA hai yadi pAkhaNDa na chodd'aa| sira mur3Anese kyA hotA hai yadi mana na muddaa| isI prakAra ghara-bArake chor3ane se kyA hotA hai yadi vairAgyakI vAstavikatAko nahIM samajhA, "ziva ziva kidhAM kisyU', jIta jyoM nahIM kAma krodha chala, kAti kahanAyAM kisyU, jo nahIM mana mAjhi niramala / jaTA badhAyAM kisU, jAMma pAkhaMDa na chaMDayau, mastaka mUkhyAM kisU, mana jauM mAhi na mUMDayau, lUgaDe kisUM maile kIye, jo manamAhi mailo rahai, gharabAra tajyAM sIdhau kisU, aNabUjhA udo kahai // 53 // " apanI isa bAvanIkI prazaMsA karate hue kavine kahA hai, "jabataka samudra, dhruva, meru, pRthvI, AkAza, sUrya, candra aura brahmA-viSNu-maheza hai, tabataka yaha bAvanI rahegI, aura uttarottara usakI kalA bar3hatI hI jaayegii| isa bAvanIke kahane, sunane aura likhanese bhI anekoM Rddhi-siddhiyAM prApta hotI hai| sampatti bar3hatI hai aura sukha milatA hai| eka kavittake kahane-mAtrase hI manuSya panhita ho jAtA hai, 1. guhanAknI, patha 55

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya "ekoi kavitta kahaI huvaI, tikau maniSa paMDita lahara, udairAja saMpUraNa mukhe karai, tiko aneka vAtAM kahai // 57|| " cauvIsa jina savaiyA' isakI 19vI zatAbdIkI likhI huI eka prati bIkAnera bRhadjJAnabhaNDArameM surakSita hai / isa kAvyame caubIsa tIrthakarokI bhaktime 200 savaiyoMkA nirmANa huA hai| sabhI bhakti rasake uttama dRSTAnta hai / racanA praur3ha hai / usakA Adi bhAga dekhie, "prathama hI tIrthaMkara rUpa paramezvara kI, vaMza hI ikSvAku avataMza hI kahAyoM hai 1 vRSabha lAMchana paga dhorI rahai dhIMga jAvai, dhanya maru deva tAkI kukSI Ayo hai // rAja Rddhi chora kari mikSAcAra bheSa bhaye, samatA saMtoSa jJAna kevala hI pAyau hai / 153 nAbhirAya jU ko naMda namai suranara vRnda, udaya kahata giri zatruMje suhAyau hai // 1 // " manaHprazaMsA dohA isakI eka prati jayapurake bar3e mandira ke guTakA naM0 124 meM nibaddha hai / manako sambodhana karake aneka dohoMkA nirmANa huA hai / vaidya virahiNa prabandha isakI eka prati vi0 saM0 1772 kArtika sudI 14 kI likhI huI abhaya jainagranthAlaya bIkAnera meM surakSita hai / isame kula 78 dohe haiM / sabhI zRMgArika bhaktise botaprota hai / virahajvarase prapIr3ita nArI brajarAjarUpI vaidyake pAsa jAtI hai aura usake sabhI roga ThIka ho jAte haiM / "ekana dina brajavAsinI, dila meM daI uhAra / hauM dukhahArI baida pai, jAi dikhAUM nAri // ko virahina jiya soca maiM, ghara apanI jiya zrAsa / rigata pAna kyoM kara danai, gayau baida pai pAsa ||2||" 1. rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthokI khoja, bhAga 4, agaracanda nAhaTA, udayapura, 1654, pRSTha 122 / 2. rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthoMkI khoja, bhAga 2, pRSTha 35-36 / 20

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154 hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi "apane apane kaMta sUM, rasa vasa rahiyA joi| udairAja una nAri , jameM duhAgana hoi // jAM lagi giri sAyara acala, jAMma acala dra rAja / tAM lagi raMga rAtA rahe, acala joDi brajarAja // 78 // " 45. hIrAnanda mukIma (vi0 saM0 1668 ) zAha hIrAnanda jagataseThake putra osavAla jaina the| ve AgarAke rahanevAle the| unake pAsa arimita dhana thaa|' AgarAke sarvottama jauhariyoMme unakI gaNanA thii| zahajAdA salomase ghaniSTha sambandha thaa| unhoMne sammedazikharajIkI yAtrAke lie saMgha nikAlA thaa| isakA ullekha kavivara banArasIdAsajIke 'ardhakathAnaka meM huA hai| unhone likhA hai ki vi0 saM0 1661 caitra sudI 2 ko hIrAnanda mukImane prayAgapura nagarase sammedazikharako saMgha claayaa| sthAna-sthAnapara patra bheje gye| cAroM ora sUcanA phaila gyii| vanAranIdAsajIke pitA khar3agasainake pAsa bhI patra AyA aura ve isa yAtrAke nimitta ghor3epara caDhakara gharabArako chor3akara turanta cala par3e, aura nandajIse jA mile| usI varSa saMgha vApasa bhI lauTa aayaa| anekoM mara gaye yA bImAra ho gaye / khar3agasaina bhI bImAra avasthAmeM hI ghara Aye the| isa yAtrAkA sampUrNa vivaraNa prastuta karanevAlA eka hastalikhita guTakA zrI agara1. sAhiba sAha salIma ko, horAnanda muNIma, ausavAla kula joharI, vanika vitta ko sIma // 224 // ardhakathAnaka, paM0 nAthUrAma premI saMpAdita, bambaI 1957, pRSTha 25 / 2. Ayo saMvat ikasaThA, caita mAsa sita dUja // 223 // tina prayAgapura nagara sauM, kIjo uddama sAra / saMgha calAyo sikhara ko, utarayau gaMgA pAra // 225 // Thora Thora patrI daI, bhaI khabara jita titta / cIThI AI saina kauM, Avaha jAta nimitta // 225 // kharagasana taba uThi calai, ha turaMga asavAra / jAi naMdajI kI mile, taji kuTumba gharabAra // 227 // vahI, pRSTha 25-26 //

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jaina makta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 655 candajI nAhaTAko milA hai| yaha kharataragacchake muni tejasArake ziSya vIravijayakA likhA huA hai| isakA nAma hai 'vIra vijaya sammetazikhara caitya pripaatto'| isake anusAra eka kharataragacchIya saMgha Agarese calA thaa| zAha hIrAnandakA saMgha jo ilAhAbAdase calA thA, banArasame isa saMghase Akara mila gayA thaa| zAha hIrAnandake sAtha hAthI, ghor3e, ratha, paidala aura tupakadAra bhI the| vahA~se candrapurI aura pAvApurI Adi aneka tIrthokI vandanA karatA huA tathA bar3e-bar3e vighnoko pAra karatA huA saMgha zikharajI phuNcaa| vahA~ 20 TuMka aura bahuta-sI mUrtiyoMkI vandanA kii| lauTate samaya saMgha rAjagRhIke pAMca parvatoM tathA bar3agAMvameM gautama gaNadharake stUpa aura anekAneka jaina mandirokI pUjA karatA huA paTanA AyA / vahAM saMgha 15 dina ThaharA aura zAha hIrAnandakI orase sabako pahirAvaNo dI gyii| jaunapurase saMghake vyakti apane-apane sthAnako cale gye| __isase zAha hIrAnandakA jaina tIrthoke prati bhakti-bhAva spaSTa hai| yaha bahuta kama logoko vidita hogA ki ve eka acche kavi bhI the| unako racI huI 'adhyAtma bAvanI' eka sundara kAvya hai| adhyAtma bAvanI ____isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1668 meM ASAr3ha sudI 5ke dina huI thii| usI varSa lAbhapurame bhojiga kizanadAsa sAha veNIdAsake putrake paThanArtha likhI gayI isakI eka prati upalabdha huI hai| isa kAvyame 52 akSaroMme-se pratyekako lekara ekaeka padyakI racanA kI gayI hai| sabhI padya adhyAtmase otaprota hai / santakAvyako bhAMti hI 'jar3a cetana'ko sambodhana karake apane hRdayastha bhAvoMko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| bhASAme pravAha hai| "UMkAra sarupuruSa Iha alaSa agocara, aMtarajJAna vicAri pAra pAvaI nahi ko nara / dhyAna mUla mani jANi ANi aMtari haharAvau, Atama tattu anUpa rUpa tasu tataSiNa pAvau / ima kahahi hIrAnanda saMghapati amala aTalahu dhyAna thiri suha surati sahita manamaI dharau bhugati-mugati dAyaka pavara // 3 // " 1. zrI agaracanda nAhaTA, zAha hIrAnanda tIrthayAtrA vivaraNa aura sammetazikhara caitya __ paripATI, anekAnta, varSa 14, kiraNa 10, pRSTha 300-301 / 2. gurjarakavio, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 466-67 /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi anta "maMgala karau jina pAsa Asa pUraNa kali suratara, maMgala karau jina pAsa dAsa jAke saba suranara / maMgala karau jina pAsa, jAsa paya sevaI surapati, maMgala karau jina pAsa, tAsa paya pUjai dinapati / munirAja kahaI maMgala karau, saparivAra zrI kAnha sutra, bAvana barana bahu phala karahu saghapati hIrAnaMda tuva // 57 // " 46. hemavijaya (vi0 saM0 1670) hemavijaya vRddhazAkhAke prasiddha AcArya hIravijayasUrike praziSya, aura vijayasenasUrike ziSya the| hIravijayamUrikA asAdhAraNa vyaktitva thA, uname vidvattA bhI uttama koTikI thii| samrATa akabarane unhe vi0 saM0 1639 me do bAra Amantrita kiyA thaa| unakA alaukika svAgata huA, aura unhe jagadgurukI padavI dI gyii|' zrI vijayasenasUriko bhI samrATa akabarane vi0 saM0 1650 me nimantraNa dekara bulAyA thaa| unhe savAI hIravijayakI upAdhise vibhUSita kiyA gayA thaa| zrI hemavijayane AcArya hIravijayakI mahattAkA udbodhana karanevAlI anekAneka stutiyoko racanA saMskRtame kI thii| uname se eka to abhItaka zatrujaya pahAr3ake zilAlekhame aMkita hai / isame 67 zloka hai| apane guru vijayasenasUrikI prazaMsAmeM unhoMne 'vijaya prazasti' kA nirmANa kiyaa| yaha bhI saMskRtame hI likhI gayI hai| isake atirikta unhoMne 'kathAratnAkara'kI bhI racanA kii| isakI prasiddhi bahuta adhika hai| hemavijaya hindoke bhI uttama kavi the| unhone hIravijayasUri aura vijayasenasUrikI stutimeM choTe-choTe bahuta-se hindI padya banAye hai| tIrthakaroMkI stavanAke bhI kucha pada race hue milate hai / 'mizrabandhuvinoda' me bhI inakA ullekha hai / vahAM inake vi0 saM0 1666 me banAye hue sphuTa padoMkI bAta kahI gayI hai| 1. vide P P. 265-276 Bhandarkar commemoration Volume. 2. mohanalAla dulIcanda desAI, 'Jain Priests at the Court of Akbar', ___ bhAnucandra gaNi, siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, bhUmikA, pRSTha hai / 3. paM. nAthUrAma premI, hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, 1617, pRSTha 48 / 4. mizrabandhuvinoda, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 367 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya netrahIna honeke kAraNa unake padoMmeM hRdayako gaharI anubhUti hai / ve hindIke paricayamAtrako hI nahIM, apitu praur3ha kavitva zaktiko prakaTa karaneme samartha hai | neminAthake par3ha nemIzvara rAjulake vivAha dvArase vApasa lauTa Aye / ugrasenake dvArapara baMdhe pazuoM kI karuNa pukArase unake hRdayame vairAgyane janma liyA, aura ve jaina muni hokara giranArapara tapa karane cale gaye / usa samaya rAjulakI AturatAkA hemavijayane saphala citra khIMcA hai / rAjula becaina hokara giranArakI ora daur3a uThI / sakhiyose kahA ki tuma eka kSaNa yahA~ hI khar3I raho, kintu sakhiyoMne use pakar3a liyA, to vaha nihore karake kahane lagI ki tuma 'abahI tabahI kabahI jabahI', arthAt aba, taba, katra, jaba cAho yadurAyase jAkara kaho, "he nemajI, toraNa-dvArase vApasa kyoM lauTa aaye|" vaha padya dekhie, 157 "kahi rAjamatI sumatI sakhiyAna kUM, eka khineka kharI rahure / sakhirI sagirI aMgurI muhI bAhi karati bahuta ise nihure // abahI tabahI bahI jabahI, yadurAya kUM jAya isI kahure / muni hema ke sAhiba nema jI ho, aba torana teM tumha kyUM bahure // " rAjula mAnI nahIM / akelI ho cala pdd'ii| yahA~ loka-maryAdAkA bandhana use bA~dha na sakA / rAjulako dRSTime vaha nemIzvarakI patnI thI / bhAratIya kanyA eka bAra pati cunatI hai, bAra-bAra nahI / isI kAraNa kisIkI paravAha kiye binA vaha usa ora daur3a gayI / usakA gantavya sthAna dUsarekA pati nahIM, kintu apanA hI pati thA, isalie kula - kAnikA koI prazna upasthita nahI hotA / nayI-nayI ghaTAe~ umar3a rahI haiM / idhara-uvarase bijalI camaka rahI hai / piyure-piyure kahakara papIhA bilalA rahA hai| udhara to AsamAnase bU~deM Tapaka rahI haiM aura idhara 'ugrasenalalI'kI A~khoM A~suoMkI jhar3I laga gayI hai / vaha muni hemavijayake sAhaba nemIzvarako dekhaneke lie akelI hI nikala par3I hai, "ghanaghora ghaTA unayI ju naI, ita uta camakI bijalI / piyure piyure papihA bilalAti ju, mora kiMgAra karaMti milI / bica bindu pare haga AMsu jhareM, duni dhAra apAra isI nikalI / muni hema ke sAhaba dekhana kUM, ugrasena lalI su akelI calI // ' 37

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158 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi 47. nandalAla (vi0 saM0 1670) __ kavi nandalAla Agareke pAsa 'gausunA' ke rahanevAle the| unake pUrvaja bayAnAme rahate the| inake pitA zravaNadAsa gausunAme Akara rahane lage the| paM0 nAthUrAmajI premone inako vaMza-paramparA - amarasI, premacandra, zravaNadAsa aura nandalAlake rUpame svIkAra kI hai| kintu nandalAlake 'yazodhara' aura 'sudarzana caritra' se spaSTa hai ki unake pitAkA nAma 'bhayarauM' athavA 'bhairo' thaa| ho sakatA hai ki zravaNadAsakA bacapanakA nAma 'bhayaro' ho / nandalAlakA vaMza agravAla aura gotra goyala thaa| nandalAlakI mAMkA nAma candana thaa| ve dhArmika pravRttiko mahilA thii| nandalAlakA jhukAva bhI dharmakI ora thaa| ve vidvAn the aura kavi bhI / unako sujanatApara rojhakara hI prasiddha paNDita hemarAjane apanI viduSI putrI 'jainI' kA unake sAtha vivAha kara diyA thaa| unase bulAkIdAsakA janma huA jisane apanI mAMkI prazaMsA karate hue likhA hai, "suguna kI khAni kIdhauM sukuta kI vAni suma, kIrati kI dAni apakIrati-kRpAni hai| svAratha-vidhAni para svAratha kI rAjadhAni, ramAhU kI rAni kIdhoM jainI jinavAni hai // " ___ nandalAlake gurukA nAma bhaTTAraka tribhuvanakItti thaa| unakA yaza caturdikme vistRta thaa| tribhuvanakotti zrutake pAraMgata vidvAn the| unake bhI guru munirAya sukhemakItti itane pavitra vidvAn the ki unakA nAma lene mAtrase hI pApa palAyana kara jAte the| sukhemakIttike guru bhaTTAraka jazIttikA to bahuta adhika nAma thaa| cAroM ora unake saMyamakI khyAti thii| unhone kAmadevako vazame kara liyA thaa| nandalAlako aisI vidvAn aura pAcana paramparA guruke rUpame milI thI aura tadanurUpa hI ve svayaM bhI bne| kavine apane samayake Agareko prazaMsAme bahuta kucha likhA hai| usa samaya vahA~ akabarake putra jahA~gIrakA rAjya thaa| usake zAsaname saba prajA sukhI thii| 1. paM0 nAthUrAma premI, hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, pRSTha 65 / 2. agaravAla varavaMza gosunA gA~va ko, goila gota prasiddha cinha tA ThAMva ko| mAtAhi candana nAma pitA bhayarobhanyo, nanda kahImanamoda ganI gana naagnyau| kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA, hastalikhita granthoMkI khojakA 20 vA~ traivArSika vivaraNa, nanda vA nandalAlakA vivaraNa / 3.bulAkIdAsa, pANDavapurANa, prazasti / 4. sudarzanacaritra, prazasti, padya 11-13, kA0 nA0 pra0 pa0, 20vA traivArSika vivrnn|

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 159 koI dhArmika prativandha nahIM thA / sAhityakAra bhI svatantra rUpase likha rahe the| kavi nandalAlakI tIna racanAeM upalabdha hai : 'yazogharacaritra', 'sudarzanacaritra' aura 'gUDha-vinoda / ' yazodharacaritra _ 'yazodharacaritra'kI eka prati nayA mandira dilloke sarasvatIbhaNDArameM prApta hai| yaha vi0 saM0 1972 kI likhI huI hai| dUsarI hastalikhita prati vi0 saM0 1839 kI likhI huI jayapurake badhIcandajIke di0 jaina mandirame hai| kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikAkI bIsavIM traivArSika riporTame jisa 'yazodharacaritra'kA ullekha hai, usakA lekhanakAla nahIM diyA hai| nandalAlane isa kAvyakA nirmANa vi0 saM0 1670 zrAvaNa zuklA saptamIko kiyA thaa| ___ isa kAvyameM jainadharmake pragAr3ha bhakta mahArAja yazodharake jIvana-caritrakA varNana hai / apabhraMzake prasiddha kavi puSpadantase lekara nandalAla taka aneka yazodharacaritroMkA nirmANa ho cukA thaa| ataH kAvyakA kathAnaka to purAnA hI hai, kintu kAvyatvako dRSTise nayApana hai| usameM caupAI chandakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| bhASAmeM prasAdaguNa hai aura gtishiiltaa| kAvyake prArambhame sarasvatIkI vandanA hai, "dvai kara joDi naU sarasatI, bar3he buddhi upajai zubha mtii| jina bAnI mAnI jina Ani, tinako vacana caDhyau paravAna // bivudha vihaMgama nava dhana vAri, kavi kula keli sarovara maar| bhavasAgara tU tArana bhAva, kunaya kuraMga siMghanI bhAva // ve nara sundara te nara valI, jinakI puhumi kathA bhuclii| jinako teM sArada vara dIyo, sukha saritA su amala jala pIyo // " AgarekA varNana karate hue kavine likhA hai ki vahAM bhagavAn jinendrake 1. jahA~gora upamA deU kAhi, zrI sulitAna nUraMdo sAhi / koza deza maMtrI mati gUDha, chatra camara siMghAsana rUDha / / dhana kana pUrana tuMga avAsu, vasahiM nisaka dharma ke dAma / sudarzanacaritra, antima prazasti, padya 505, 503, vhii| 2. saMvat soraze adhika sattari zAvana mAsa / sukula soma dina sattamI, kahI kathA mRdu mAsa // yazodharacaritra, antima prazasti, padya 6 / 3. yazodharacaritra, zrAdi bhAga, jayapurake zrI badhIcandajI di0 jaina mandirakI hastalikhita prti|

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160 hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi bhaktoMkI kamI nahIM thii| aneka dharmavantoMne asaMkhya rupayA vyaya karake jinamandirokA nirmANa karavAyA thaa| uname jinamUttiyokI pratiSThA bhI huI thii| jaina purANoMkI pratilipiyA~ ho rahI thiiN| jaina kavi bhaktise yukta kavitA racaneme pravRtta the, "hohi pratiSTA jiNavaratanI, dIsahi dharmavaMta bahudhanI / eka karAvahi jiNavaradhAma, lAge jahAM asaMSina dAma / / eka likhA ke parama purAna, eka karahi saMtIka pradhAna / rAja caina koU sakati na lupaiM, kavitA kavitta tapI tapa t|"' sudarzanacaritra _ 'sudarzanacaritra'kI eka prati paMcAyatI mandira dillIme maujUda hai| kavi nandalAlane isa kAvyako vi0 saM0 1663 mAgha zuklA paMcamI guruvArake dina racA thaa| kAvyame seTha sudarzanakA caritra citrita kiyA gayA hai| vaha eka bhakta seTha thaa| isalie isa kAvyame prArambhase anta taka bhaktikI dhArA hI pravAhita ho rahI hai| kathAnakapara apabhraMzake 'sudaMsaNacariu' kA pUrA prabhAva hai| bhASA aura bhAva donoM hI sundara hai| pUrA kAvya 'caupAI chandame likhA gayA hai| Agareke nivAsI niHzaMka hokara apane-apane dharmakA pAlana karate the, isa kathanako nirUpita karanevAlI eka caupAI dekhie, "dhana kana pUrana tuMga avAsu / vasahiM nisaMka dharma ke dAsa // chatrAdhIza hamAUM vaMza, akabara naMda vairi vidhvaMsa // " gUr3ha-vinoda 'gUDha-vinoda'kI eka hastalikhita prati jayapurake paNDita lUNakarajIke mandirame rakhe guTakA naM0 9 meM nibaddha hai| isameM adhyAtma-sambandhI pada aura gIta haiN| 1. yazodharacaritra, padya 614-615, nayA mandira dillIkI hastalikhita prati / 2. saMvata soraha se uparaMta, saThi jAnahu variSa mahaMta / / mASa ujyAre pASa, guru vAsara dina pNcmii| baMdhi caupaI bhASa, naMda karI mati saarshii|| sudarzanacaritra, antima prazasti, padya 6-7, vahI / 3. nainA naMdi Adi jo kahI, tAhi vidhi bAMdhyo caupahI / / sudarzanacaritra, antima prazasti, padya 13, vhii|

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 48. kavi sundaradAsa (vi0 saM0 1675) jaina kavi sundaradAsa hindIke santa sundaradAsase pRthak the| jaina kavi sundaradAsa bAgar3a prAntake rahanevAle the| dillIke Asa-pAsakA pradeza bAgaDake nAmase prasiddha thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki ye zAhajahAM bAdazAhake kRpApAtra kaviyoMmeM se the / bAdazAhane inako pahale kavirAya, phira mahAkavirAyakA pada pradAna kiyA thaa| ye auraMgajebake samaya taka jIvita rhe|' santa sundaradAsakA janma 'ghauMsA' nAmaka sthAnapara huA thA jo jayapurase 16 kosa pUrvame sthita hai| inake pitAkA nAma cokhA aura mAtAkA nAma satI thaa| inakI racanAome 'sundara vilAsa' hI adhika prasiddha hai| vaha adhyAtmakA prantha hai| jaina kavi sundaradAsa bhI adhyAtmavAdI the| donokI bhASA, zailI aura bhAvadhArAme bahuta kucha sAmya hai, kintu donoMkA antara bhI spaSTa hai| jaina kavi sundaradAsake cAra anyoMkA anusandhAna ho cukA hai : 'sundara satasaI', 'sundara vilAsa', 'sundara zRMgAra' aura 'pAkhaNDa pNcaasikaa'| kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA sampAdakone jaba 'suMdara bhaMgAra' kI khoja kI, to usake prArambhameM "zrI jinAya namaH punaH gaNezAya namaH, devI pUjU sarasvatI hareka pAya / namaskAra kara jora kai kahai mahAkavirAya // " likhA huA prApta kiyA / usapara TippaNI likhate hue unhone kahA, "isake prArambhame 'zrI jinAya namaH' kyoM likhA hai, yaha prazna apane sabhI AzcaryoMke sAtha upasthita hai| kintu hindIke jaina kavi prAyaH apanI racanAoMke prArambhameM bhagavAn jinendrake sAtha-sAtha gaNeza aura sarasvatIko bhI vandanA karate rahe hai| zrI acalakIttine to apane 'viSApahAra stotra ke prArambhameM "vizvanAtha vimala guna Isa / viharamAna baMdau jina bIsa // brahmA viSNu ganapati sundarI / vara dIjo mohi bAgesurI" taka kahA hai| kavi sundaradAsake padoke madhyameM sthAna-sthAnapara bhagavAn jinendra ke guNoMko mahimAkA varNana hai / isase unakA jina-bhakta honA siddha hI hai| 1. kA0 nA0 pra0 patrikA, Annual Report Search for Hindi Manuscripts-1901, No. 3. 2. DaoN0 motIlAla menAriyA, rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya, hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga, vi0 saM0 2008, pR0 263 / 3.kA. nA0 pra0 patrikA, Annual Report search for Hindi Manuscripts-1901, No. 3. 4. dekhie vhii| 5. kA0 nA0 pra0 patrikAkA 15vA~ traivArSika vivamNa, acalakattiM jainakA vivaraNa / 21

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hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi sundara zrRMgAra kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikAmai 'sundara zrRMgAra'kI do hastalikhita pratiyoMkA ullekha hai / pahalI jodhapurake rAjakIya pustakAlayame maujUda hai| isameM 900 padya haiN| yaha vi0 saM0 1791 meM likhI gayI thii| dUsarI zrI bhAgyasAgara gaNike ziSya paM0 daulatasAgarane kAnapurameM vi0 saM0 1835 meM likhI thii| tIsarI hastalikhita prati mevAr3ake prasiddha rAjakIya pustakAlaya sajjana vANIvilAsame prastuta hai / yaha prati vi0 saM0 1811 ko likhI huI hai| isame 459 padya haiM / ' isake anusAra yamunA taTapara base hue Agare nagarameM baiThA huA zAhajahA~ bAdazAha rAjya karatA thA, "nagara AgarI basata hai jamunA taTa suma thAna / tahAM pAtasAhI kareM baiTho sAhijihAMna // 2 // " jayapurake paNDita lUNakarajIke mandiramai virAjamAna guTakA naM0 126me bhI zro sundaradAsajIkA 'sundara zrRMgAra' nibaddha hai| isakI eka hastalikhita prati atizaya kSetra mahAvIrajIke zAstramaNDArameM maujUda hai| prati sundara hai| viSaya zrRMgAra rasase sambandhita hai| pAkhaNDa paMcAsikA ___ yaha racanA jayapurake bar3e mandirameM virAjamAna guTakA naM0 120meM nibaddha hai / isameM pAkhaNDako burA kahA gayA hai| isa kAvyase pramANita hai ki kavirAya sundaradAsa yogIndu, rAmasiMha aura devasenakI paramparAmeM the| unhoMne bAhya karmakalApoke parityAgakI bAta kahI hai| sundara satasaI aura sundara vilAsa donoM kRtiyAM, jasavantanagarake di. jaina mandirake eka guTakemeM saMkalita haiN| yaha guTakA svayaM sundaradAsajIne mallapurameM vi0 saM0 1678 meM likhA thaa|' donoM racanAoMmeM AdhyAtmikatAse bhare poMkA samAveza huA hai / kavi apane 'jI'ko sambodhana karate hue kahatA hai, "ore jiyA! tU viSayarasako chor3a de, visase tujhe sukha prApta hove / tU sampUrNa vikAroMko chor3akara jinendrake guNa gaa| 1.kA. nA pra0 patrikA, Annual Report Search for Hindi Manuscripts-1901, No. 3. 2. rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthoMkI khoja, bhAga 1, pR0 156 // 3. kAmatAprasAda baina, hindI jaina sAhityakA saMkSipta itihAsa, pRSTha 127-28 /

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163 jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya terI mahattA isImeM hai ki tujhe phira isa caturgatimeM na AnA par3e, aura aisA tabhI ho sakegA jaba tU kSaNa-kSaName bhagavAn jinendrake guNa gaayegaa| apanI AtmAmeM citta lagAnevAlA puruSa acala pada prApta karatA hai, "jiyA mere chAMdi viSaya rasa jyau sukha pAvai / saba hI vikAra taji jiNa guNa gaavai| gharI-gharI pala-pala jiNa guNa gAvai / tAte catura gati bahuri na thaa| jau nara nija Atamu cita lAvai / sundara kahata acala pada pAvai // ' sundaradAsajIke likhe hue pada mandira TholiyAna jayapurake guTakA naM0 110 me aura di. jaina mandira baDautake zAstrabhaNDArake padasaMgrahameM saMkalita hai| eka padameM jIvako mUrkhatA batAte hue kavine likhA hai ki vaha eka ora to saMsArakA Ananda cAhatA hai aura dUsarI ora mokSasukha / kintu yaha to vaise hI hai jaise koI pattharakI nAvapara car3hakara samudrase pAra honA caahe| zayyA banAye kRpANokI aura cAhe vizrAma, yaha asambhava hai / vaha padya isa prakAra hai, "pAthara kI kari nAva pAra-dadhi utasthau cAhai, kAga ur3Avani kAja mUr3ha cintAmaNi baahai| basai chA~ha bAdala saNI racai dhUma ke dhAma, kari kRpANa sejyA ramai te kyoM pA visarAma // " kavi sundaradAsako apane ArAdhyakI mahimAme aTUTa vizvAsa thaa| unaka ArAdhyane cipakA dhyAna gharake saMsArase mukti prApta kI thii| usake samAna vizvame aura koI nahIM hai / usakI bhaktise roga-viroga dUra ho jAte haiM, "rahata bhaye saMsAra sauM jI hiradai dhari kari dhyAna, dhyAna dharayau cidrUpa sauM jI upajyau hai kevala jJAna / roga viroga na saMgharai ho mana vachita phaLa hoi, kara joDai sundara maNe svAmI tuma sama aura na koi // "' 1. vahI, pRSTha 126 / 2. mandira TholiyAna, jayapurakA guTakA naM0 110, pRSTha 120, padya 5vA~ / 3. di0 jaina mandira, bar3aunake zAkhabhaNDArake padamaMgrarakI hastalikhita prati, pRSTha 33 /

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hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi 164 dharma sahelI sundaradAsako yaha kRti dIvAna bandhIcandajIke mandira jayapurake guTakA naM0 51 meM nibaddha hai / racanA sarasa haiN| isameM kevala 7 padya hai / 49. paM0 bhagavatIdAsa ( vi0 saM0 1680 ) paM0 bhagavatIdAsa ambAlA jileke bUDhiyA nAmaka sthAnapara utpanna hue the / usa samaya bur3hiyA dhana-dhAnyAdise sampanna eka riyAsata thii| aba to vahA~ khaNDahara adhika hai| bhagavatIdAsakA kula agravAla aura gotra vaMsala thA / unake pitA kisanadAsane vRddhAvasthAme munivrata dhAraNa kara liyA thA / bhagavatIdAsa bUr3hiyAse joginIpura ( dehalI ) jAkara rahane lage the / dehalIme motIbAjAra ke pArzvamandira ke pAsa ho paNDitajIkA nivAsa-sthAna thA / kavi bhagavatIdAsa ke gurukA nAma bhaTTAraka mahendrasena thA, jo usa samaya dillIkI bhaTTArakIya gaddIpara pratiSThita the / mahendrasena kASThAsaMgha mAthuragacchIya bhaTTAraka guNacandra ( vi0 saM0 1576 ) ke praziSya aura sakalacandake ziSya the / bhagavatIdAsane apanI pratyeka racanA meM mahendrasenakA ullekha kiyA hai / .2 kavi bhagavatIdAsakI adhikAMza kRtiyA~ samrAT jahA~gIra ke zAsanakAla ( san 1605 - 62 ) me pUrNa huI / katipaya avaziSTa racanAeM zAhajahA~ke rAjya ( san 1628-58 ) me bhI racI gyiiN| kavibe jahA~gIrako prazaMsA kI hai| racanAo - kA nirmANa kisI eka sthAnapara na hokara dehalI, AgarA, hisAra, kaithiyA, saMkisA Adi aneka sthAnoMpara huA / unakI 25 kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiM, jiname 1. prazasti, bRhatsItAsatu, salAvA prati, anekAnta, varSa 11, pRSTha 205, pAdaTippaNa 2 | 2. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, joharApurakara, jIvarAja granthamAlA, zolApura, 1658, pR0 243, lekha saMkhyA (566-603 ) / 3. bare rAja lavalI jahAMgIra kA phiriya jagati tisa Ani ho / zazi rasa vasu vidA ghara ho saMvata munahu sujAna ho // guru muni mAhendrasenajI padapaMkaja namuM tAsa ho / sahara suhAyA bUr3iye kahata bhagautIdAsa ho ||35| sugati ziromaNi cUnar3I, dekhie vahI, lekha saMkhyA, 566, pRSTha 230 //

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jaina bhakta kavi: jIvana aura sAhitya 165 'jyotiSasAra' aura 'vaidyavinoda' nAmakI do racanAeM bhI haiN| avaziSTa 23 sAhityika kRtiyAM hai| ve AdhyAtmikatA aura bhaktise pUrNa hai| unakI bhASA sarasa hindI hai| bhagavatIdAsane 'navAMkakavalI' aura 'dvAtrizadindrakavalI'ko pratilipi bhI kI thii| racanAokA paricaya nimna prakAra hai, mugati ramaNI cUnar3I isakI racanA bUr3hiyA gAMvame vi0 saM0 1680me huI thii| usa samaya jahAMgorakA rAjya thaa| isame 35 par3a hai| yaha eka rUpaka-kAvya hai| isameM mukti ramaNIko cUnar3I banAyA hai| yaha cUnar3o jJAnarUpI salilame bhigokara samyaktva rUpI raMgame raMgI jAtI hai| cUnar3I striyoMke or3hanakA uttarIya raMgIna vastra hai| laghu sItAsatu ___kavine pahale vi0 saM0 1684 me 'bRhatsItAsatu'kA nirmANa kiyA thA, kintu racanA bar3I ho gayI thI aura usame AkarSaNa bhI nahIM rahA thA, ataH unhone use vi0 saM0 1687 caitra zuklA caturthI candravArako saMkSipta karake caupaIbaddha kara diyaa| aba yaha upalabdha hai| ___ 'laghusItAsatu' me rAvaNakI patnI mandodarI aura sItAkA saMvAda diyA hai| mandodarI sItAko rAvaNake sAtha sambhoga karaneke lie prerita karatI hai aura sItA apane satItvapara dRr3ha rahatI hai| ye saMvAda 12 mahInoM meM se pratyekako lekara likhe gaye hai / ASAr3ha ke saMvAdakI katipaya paMktiyAM dekhie, mandodarI : "taba bolAi mandodari rAnI, ruti aSAr3ha dhanaghaTa baharAnI / pIya gae te phira ghara AvA, pAmara nara nita maMdira chAvA // lavahiM papIhe dAdura morA, hiyarA umaga dharata nahiM morA / bAdara umahi rahe caupAsA, tiya piya binu lihiM usana usAsA // nanhIM bUMda bharata jhara lAvA, pAvasa nama bhAgamu darasAvA / dAmini damakata nizi aMdhiyArI, virahini kAma-vAna uri maarii| bhugavahiM bhoga sunahiM sikha morI, jAnava kAhe maI mati morii| madana rasAina hui jaga sArU, saMjama-nemu kathana vivahArU // 1. jyotiSasAra aura vaidya vinodakI prazastiyA~ 'bhaTTAraka sampradAya meM lekhAMka 601 aura 602 para nibaddha haiN| 2. vahI, lekhAMka 604 va 605 / 3. pacAyatI mandira dehalIko 'laghu sItAsatu' kI hastalikhita prati /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAmya aura kavi jaba lagi haMsa zarIra mahi, taba lagu kIjaha mogu / rAja tajahiM mikSA bhamahi, hauM bhUlA saba logu // " sItA : "zuka-nAsika mRga-haga pika-bainI, jAnuki vacana lavaha sukhi rahanI apanA piya pai amRta jAnI, avara puruSa ravi-dugdha samAnI // piya citavani citu rahai anandA, piya guna sarata bar3hata jasa kaMdA / prItama prema rahai manaparI, tini bAlimu saMgu nAhiM dUrI / sukha cAhai te bAvarI, parapati saMga rati mAni / jiu kapi zIta vithA maraha, tApata guMjA Ani // tRSNA to na bujhAi, jalu jaba khArI piijiye| miragu marai dhapi dhAi, jala dhokhaha thali retakaha // " manakarahA rAsa ___ yaha eka rUpaka-kAvya hai| isame manako 'karahA' banAyA gayA hai / karahA UMTako kahate hai / sabase pahale muni rAmasiMhane apane 'pAhuDa dohA' me manake sAtha karahAkI upamA do hai / munijI rAjasthAnI the, ataH unake dvArA dI gayI isa upamAme maulikatA aura svAbhAvikatA hai| paM0 bhagavatodAsa pajAbI the| unhoMne avazya hI 'manakarahA' 'pAhuDa dohA se liyA hogA, kintu kevala eka zabda le lenese koI racanA 'bAsI' nahIM ho jaatii| 'manakarahA rAsa' eka sarasa aura maulika kRti hai| usameM 25 padya haiN| vahAM saMsArarUpI registAnameM manarUpI karahAke bhramaNakI kahAnI kahI gayI hai| jogIrAsa ___ isame 38 padya hai / uname batAyA gayA hai ki yaha jIva indriya sukhake kAraNa saMsArameM bhaTaka rahA hai| use cAhie ki apane manako sthira kara, apane hI Antarika gharameM virAjamAna cidAnandarUpI zivanAyakakA bhajana kare / aisA karanese vaha bhava-samundrase pAra ho jAyegA "pekhahu ho tuma pekhahu mAI, jogI jagamahi soI / ghaTa-ghaTa-antari vasai cidAnandu, alakha na lakhie koI / bhava-vana-mUla rahyau bhramirAvalu, sivapura-sudha visarAI parama pratIndriya ziva-sukha-taji kari, viSayani rahiu lubhaaii| anaMta catuSTaya-guNa-gaNa rAjahiM tinhakI haDaM blihaarii| manibhari dhyAnu jayahu zivanAyaka, jiuM utarahu bhavapArI // "

Page #195
jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya catura banajArA isame 35 padya haiM / yaha eka rUpaka kAvya hai / isameM usa jIvako catura banajArA kahA hai, jisane apane anubhavake balapara saMsArako asAra samajhA hai / aneka jaina kaviyoMne jIvakI upamA banajArese dI hai / 167 jananda gIta aura rAjamatI nemIsura DhamAla 'vora jininda gIta' meM padya hai, uname bhagavAn mahAvIrakI stuti kI gayI 1.' padyoMmeM sarasatA hai / 'rAjamatI nemIsura DhamAla' meM rAjamatI aura nemIsurake prasiddha kathAnakako lekara 21 padyoMmeM likhA gayA hai / DA eka AdhyAtmika racanA hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki yaha jIva jJAnI hai kintu apane pramukha guNoMko chor3aneke kAraNa ajJAnI bana gayA hai| usakA kartavya hai ki zukladhyAna dhAraNa kara kevalajJAna prApta kare / antima padya dekhie, "dharma-sukala dhari dhyAnu anUpama, kahi niju kevalanAthA ve / jaMpati dAsa bhagavatI pAvaDu, sAsau-suhu nivvAthA ve // " anekArtha nAmamAlA yaha eka koza-grantha haiM / isake tIna adhyAyoMmeM kramazaH 63, 122 aura 1 dohe haiM / anekArtha zabdoMkA padya-baddha aisA koza hindI sAhityako anupama nidhi hai / isakI racanA banArasIdAsajIkI 'nAmamAlA ke 17 varSa uparAnta huI / kintu isa jaisI sarasatA nAmamAlAmeM nahIM hai / isakA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1687 ASAr3ha kRSNA tRtIyA guruvAra aura racanA sthala dehalI-zahAdarA mAnA jAtA hai / isakI eka hastalikhita prati paMcAyatI jaina mandira dehalIke zAstra bhaNDAra meM nibaddha hai / mRgAMka lekhA carita isakA nirmANa paM0 bhagavatIdAsane vi0 saM0 1700 agahana zuklA paMcamI somavAra ke dina hisAra nagarake vardhamAna mandirame kiyA thaa| isa granthakI bhASA apabhraMza hai, kintu usameM hindIkA bahuta bar3A aMza garbhita hai / phira bhI yaha apabhraMzakI antima kRti mAnI jAtI hai / isame candralekhA aura sAgaracandake caritrakA varNana hai / aneka vipattiyA~ AyI kintu candralekhA apane satItvapara dRr3ha rahI / yaha eka khaNDa-kAvya hai / kathAnakame AkarSaNa hai /

Page #196
168 hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi AdityatratarAsa Adi paM0 bhagavanodAsako avaziSTa kRtiyA~ sAdhAraNa hai, kintu uname kahIM-kahI bhAvaparakatA bhI hai / ve racanAeM isa prakAra haiM- 'Adityavrata rAsa' (20 padya), 'pakhavADArAma' (22), 'dazalakSaNarAsa' (34), 'khicaDIrAsa' (40), 'sAdhusamAdhirAsa' (30), 'rohiNI vratarAsa' (42), 'dvAvaga anuprekSA' ( 12 ), ' sugandhadazamIkathA' (51), 'AdityavArakathA' (46), 'anathamIkathA' (26), 'sajJAnIDhamAla', 'AdinAtha stavana', 'zAntinAtha stavana' / 50. pANDe rUpacanda (vi0 saM0 1680 - 1694 ) paM0 nAthUrAma premIne, 'artha- kathAnaka' ke saMzodhita saMskaraName rUpacanda nAmake cAra vyaktiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| unameM pradhAna ve haiM, jinake sAtha baiThakara kavi banArasIdAsa adhyAtmacarcA kiyA karate the / dUsare ve hai, jinase 'gommaTasAra jIvakANDa' paDhakara banArasIdAsakA mithyAtva dUra huA thaa| tIsare ve haiM, jinhoMne saMskRta meM 'samavazaraNa pATha' kI racanA kI, aura cauthe ve hai, jinhoMne 'nATaka samayasAra' kI bhASA- TIkA likhI / iname dUsare rUpacanda hI pANDe rUpacanda hai / kavi banArasIdAsane unhe 'guru' athavA 'pANDe' kahakara abhihita kiyA hai| paM0 premIne pANDe rUpacanda aura 'samavazaraNa pATha' ke racayitA paM0 rUpacandako bhinna mAnA hai| kintu satya yaha hai ki donoM eka the| donoM saMskRtake vidvAn the, donoMne banArasame zikSA pAyI aura donoMkA samaya bhI eka thA / 2 'samavazaraNa pATha' ko 'kevala jJAnakalyANAca' bhI kahate hai / isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1692 me huI thii| isakI prazastise spaSTa hai ki pANDe rUpacandakA janma kuru dezake salemapura nAmake sthAnapara huA thA / unake pitAmahakA nAma mAmaTa aura pitAkA nAma bhagavAnadAsa thA / bhagavAnadAsakI do patniyAM thIM / pahalI se brahmadAsa aura dUsarIse harirAja, bhUpati, abhayarAja, kortticanda aura rUpacandakA janma huA / rUpacandakA vaMza agravAla aura gotra garga thA / unheM 1. paM0 nAthUrAma premI, arthakathAnaka, pR0 86-68 // 2. vahI, pR0 63 / 3. samavazaraNa pATha, anta bhAga, 34vA~ zloka, prazasti saMgraha, prathama bhAga, dillI, 100vIM prazasti, pR0 161 4. vahI, an bhAga, padma 1-3, 10 158, padma 4-5, pR0 156 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya zikSA prApta karaneke lie banArama bhejA gyaa| vahAM rahakara unhone vyAkaraNa, jaina darzana aura jaina siddhAntame nipuNatA prApta kI / uma samaya banArasameM avazya hI jaina - zikSAkA prabandha hogA / 169 banArasa se lauTakara pANDe rUpacanda dariyApurame Aye / vahA~para hI unakA parivAra rahane lagA thaa| ve AgarA bhI gaye the, jaisA ki banArasIdAsajIke 'ardha- kathAnaka' se vidita hai / vahA~ unhoMne nihunA sAhuke mandira me nivAsa kiyA thaa| isa mandira me bhaTTAraka yA unake ziSya-praziSya ho Thahara sakate the, anya nahIM / isI AdhArapara paM0 nAthUrAmajI premIkA anumAna hai ki ve kisI bhaTTAraka ke ziSya the / unakI pANDe saMjJA bhI isI anumAnakA samarthana karatI hai, usa samaya bhaTTArakoMke ziSya pANDe kahalAte the / pANDe rUpacanda vidvAn the aura kavi bhI / unhoMne jaina granthome vivecita adhyAtma pakSako bhalI bhA~ti samajhA thA / usI AdhArapara ve banArasIdAsa aura unake adhyAtmI sAthiyoke usa bhramakA unmUlana kara sake, jo 'samayasAra' kI rAjamallIya TIkAse utpanna huA thaa| dUsarI ora unhoMne hindIme gIti-racanA kI, jo utkRSTa koTikA sAhitya mAnI jAtI hai / unake gIti kAvya isa prakAra hai, 'paramArthI dohAzataka', 'gItaparamArthI', 'maMgalagIta prabandha', 'neminAtha rAsA', 'khaTolanA gIta' / 'ardha kathAnaka' ke anusAra pANDe rUpacandajIkA dehAvasAna vi0 saM0 1694me huA thA paramArthI dohAzataka yaha kAvya bahuta pahale 'rUpacanda zataka' nAmase 'jaina hitaiSI' meM prakAzita 1. anAyAsa isa hI samaya nagara Agare thAna | rUpacanda paMDita gunI Ayo Agama jAna || tihunA sAhu deharA kiyA, tahAM Aya tina DerA liyA / saba adhyAtmokiyo vicAra, grantha paMcAyo gommaTasAra // ardhakathAnaka, bambaI, akTUbara 1657, padya 630 - 631, pR070 / 2 vahI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1642 I0, pariziSTa 4, 1078 3. vahI, saMzodhita saMskaraNa, padya 563, 564, 565, aura 634, pR0 66 aura 70 / 4. phiri tisa samai barasa dvai boca / rUpacaMda ko AI moca // sunisuni rUpacaMda ke baina / bAnArasI bhayo dir3ha jaina || 635 || 22

Page #198
hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi ho cukA hai| isakI eka hastalikhita prati jainasiddhAntabhavana bhArAme bhI maujUda hai| ___ yaha kAvya adhyAtma tatvake manorama padyoMse yukta hai| yadi AtmAse karmamalImasa dUra ho jAyeM, to vaha hI paramAtmA hai| kaborane bhI mAyA-racita jIvakI AtmAko brahma kahA hai| kintu vaha AtmA aisA sAmarthyavAn hote hue bhI, karmoke kAraNa samAramai bhramaNa karatA hai| umIko sambodhana karate hue kavine kahA hai, "apano pada na vicAra ke, aho jagata ke rAya / bhavavana chAyaka ho rahe, zivapura sudhi visarAya // mavavana bharamata hI tumheM, bIto kAla anAdi / aba kina dharahiM saMvAraI, kata dukha dekhata vAdi // parama atIndriya sukha suno, tumahi gayo sulajhAya / kiMcita indriya sukha lage, viSayana rahe lubhAya // viSayana sevate maye, tRSNA te na bujhAya / jyoM jala khArA pIvateM, bAr3he tRSAdhikAya // " pANDe rUpacanda dRSTAnta deneme nipuNa hai| uname bimba-pratibimba bhAva samucita rUpase pratiSThita huA hai| eka sthAnapara unhoMne likhA - cetanase paricaya binA japa-tapa vyartha hai, ThIka vaise hI, jaise kaNoMke binA tuSako phaTakanese kucha hAtha nahIM AtA / yadi cetanase paricaya nahIM to vratoke dhAraNa karanese kyA hotA hai| yaha to vaise hI hai jaise dhAnyase rahita khetakI bAr3I banAnA bekAra hai, "cetana cita paricaya binA, japa tapa sabai nirastha / kana bina tusa jimi phaTakatai, Avai kacha na hty|| cetana sauM paricaya nahIM, kahA bhaye vrata dhAri / sAli vihUneM kheta kI, vRthA banAvata vaari|" yaha kAvya eka prAcIna guTakeme 'doharA zataka' ke nAmase nibaddha hai| yaha guTakA banArasIdAsake ananya mitra kuMvarapAlakA likhA huA hai| isame bhaktirasase yukta eka sundara padya diyA hai, "prabhu terI parama vicitra manohara mUrati rUpa bnii| aMga aMga kI anupama somA, barani na sakata phanI // 1. jaina hitarSI, bhAga 6, aMka 5-6 / 2. yaha guTakA zrI kuMvarapAlane vi0 saM0 1684-1685 meM likhA thaa| yaha guTakA paM0 nAthUrAmajI premIke pAsa zrI agaracandajI nAhaTAne mejA thaa|

Page #199
jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya sakala vikAra rahita binu aMbara, suMdara subha karanI / nirAbharana mAsura chabi sohata, koTi taruna taranI // vasu rasa rahita sAMta rasa rAjata, khali ihi sAdhupanI / jAti birodhi jaMtu jihi dekhata, tajata prakRti apanI // darinu durita harai cira saMcitu, sura-nara-phani muhanI / rUpacanda kahA kahauM mahimA, tribhuvana mukuTa-manI // " gIta paramArthI yaha kAvya bhI AtmAko sambodhana karake hI likhA gayA hai / sadguru amRtamaya tathA hitakArI vacanose cetanako samajhAtA hai, kintu vaha cenatA nahIM / jaba cetana jJAnarUpa haiM, aura samajhAnevAlA koI sAdhAraNa vyakti nahIM, apitu svayaM sadguru haiM, taba to use samajhanA hI caahie| kintu vaha nahI samajhatA yaha hI AzcaryakI bAta hai, " cetana, acaraja bhArI, yaha mere jiya Avai / amRta vacana hitakArI, sadguru tumahiM par3hAvai / sadguru tumahiM par3hAvai cita hai, aru tumahU hau jJAnI / tabahU tumahiM na kyauM hU Avai, cetana tatra kahAnI // " 171 isake viparIta yaha AtmA viSayome aisI catura hai ki koI usakI barAbarI nahIM kara sakatA / aura yaha caturatA binA kisI guruke prApta huI hai / kavikA tAtparya hai ki sAMsArika viSayo meM aisA tIvra AkarSaNa hotA hai ki yaha cetana usameM svataH lipta ho jAtA hai / "viSayani caturAI kahie, ko sari karai tumhArI / bina guru phurana kuvidyA kaiseM, cetana acaraja bhArI // " nirguNavAdI santoMkI bhAMti kavine kahA hai ki yaha cetana apanI vasnuko bhUlakara idhara-udhara bhaTaka rahA hai| vaha cAvala ke kaNoMko chor3akara chilakA grahaNa kara rahA hai| usakI vastu usake hI antarameM virAjamAna hai| yadi catura cetana svAnubhavakI buddhise use dekhe to dekha sakatA hai, 1. isake chaha gIta, paramArtha jakar3I saMgraha, jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya bambaI meM prakAzita ho cuke haiN| isake dasa gIta, bRijjinavANI saMgraha, paM0 pannAlAla bAkalIvAla sampAdita, madanagaMja, kizanagar3ha, pR0 562 - 566, samrAT saMskaraNa meM chapa cuke hai|

Page #200
172 hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi "apanI vastu sa~bhAri visarI, kahA ita uta maTaka hI / bahiramukha bhUlyoM mayA kata choDi kana tuSa jhaTaka hI // nija vastu aMtaragata virAjita, cidAnaMda niketanA / svAnubhava buddhi prarjuji dekhahi ceti caturamati cetanA // " maMgala gIta prabandha' ise 'paMcamaMgala' bhI kahate hai / isame tIrthaMkara ke garbha, janma, tapa, jJAna aura mokSako lekara bhaktipUrNa padokI racanA huI hai / yaha kAvya bahuta adhika lokapriya huA / usame kucha aisA saundarya hai jo Aja bhI pratyekako AkarSita karatA hai / bhagavAnko garbhame AyA huA jAnakara, indrane kuberako bhejA, aura usane bhagavAn kI nagarIko kanaka aura ratnoMse jar3akara advitIya banA diyA / bhagavAnke pitAke gharame chaha mAha pUrvase hI ratnoMkI varSA Arambha ho gayI / rucikavAsinI deviyA~ prasanna ho-hokara jananIkI sevA karane lagI, "jAke garama kalyANaka dhanapati Aiyo / avadhi jJAna paravAna su indra paThAiyo | raci nava bAraha jojana nayari suhAvanI // kanaka rayaNi maNi maMDita maMdira ati banI // ti banI pauri pAri parikhA suvana upavana sohaye / nara nAri sundara catura sukha bhe dekha jana mana mohaye // 1 // " bhagavAnkA janmotsava manAneke lie indra parivArasahita svargase cala par3A / mArgameM apsarAoMke nRtya hue / unakI kamara meM ba~dhI kanakakI kiMkiNiyose madhura svara nikalatA thA | ghaNTose ghana ghanakI dhvani A rahI thI / dhvajA patAkAe~ phaharA rahI thIM / unheM dekhakara tInoM loka moha gaye, "daladalahiM apara nahiM navarasa hAva bhAva suhAvane // maNi kanaka kiMkiNi vara vicitra su amara maMDapa sohaye / ghana ghaMTa caMvara dhujA patAkA dekhi tribhuvana mohaye // 6 // " kevalajJAnake uparAnta bhagavAnke samavazaraNako racanA huii| usame bhagavAnkI sevA karanevAle, nArI aura nara, paramAnandakA anubhava karate | mAruta deva bhagavAnke cAroM ora yojana pramANa pRthvIko jhAr3akara zuddha banA dete hai / megha 1. yaha aneka bAra chapa cukA hai| aba jJAnapITha pUjAMjali, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1657 I0 meM, pR0 64 - 104 para prakAzita huA hai|

Page #201
jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya kumAra gandhodakakI suhAvanI vRSTi karate haiN| deva bhagavAnke pairoke nIce kamaloMkI racanA karate hai| "anusare paramAnaMda saba ko, nAri nara je sevatA / jojana pramAna dharA sumArjahi jahAM mAruna devatA // puni karahi meghakumAra gaMdhodaka suvRSTi suhaavnii| pada kamalatara sura khipahiM kamala su dharaNi sasi sobhA banI // 19 // " laghumaMgala pANDe rUpacandakI likhI huI yaha kRti di. jaina mandira, baDautake guTakA naM0 55 veSTana naM0 172 pR0 45-47 para aMkita hai| isame kevala pAMca padya hai, pratyeka padyame chaha paMktiyAM hai| kavine prathama padyame hI apanI laghunA pradarzita karate hue likhA hai ki he prabhu ! tumhArI atula mahimAkA ThIka-ThIka vivecana to gaNarAja bhI nahIM kara sakate, mai to zakti-hIna hU~, kintu tumhArI kRpAse mukharita hokara kucha kahatA hU~, "jai jai jina devana ke devA, sura nara sakala kare tuma sevA, adbhuta hai prabhu mahimA terI, varanI na jAya alapa mati merI / merI alapa mati varani na jAya atula mahimA tuma taNiM, ganarAja vacanani so agocara pUjya pada udotnnii| maiM sakati rahita jinesarAya daMpati dipati lAja na jiya dhrau| tuma sakati basi vAcAla hai prabhu kimapi jasa kIrtana karau // " neminAtha rAsA 'neminAtha rAsA' kI prati Amerake bhaTTAraka mahendrakItike grantha-bhaNDArake eka guTakeme nibaddha hai, jise paM0 paramAnandajIne saM0 1944 me dekhA thaa| 'neminAtha rAsA' eka sundara kRti hai| usakA Adi aura anta bhAga nimna prakArase hai, Adi "paNavivi paMca paramaguru maNa-vaca-kAya ti-suddhi / neminAtha guNa gAvau upaje nirmala buddhi / soraTha deza suhAvanI puhamIpura prsiddh| rasa-gorasa paripUranu dhana-jana-kanaka samiddha // " 1. prazasti sagraha, prathama bhAga, dillI, prastAvanA pRSTha 81 /

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174 hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi anta "rUpacanda jina vina, ho carananu ko dAsu / maiM iya loka suhAvanau, viracyo kiMcit rAsu // jo yaha suradhari gAvahiM, cita de sunahiM je kAna / mana vAMchita phala pAvahiM, te nara nAri sujAna // " khaTolanA gIta ___ yaha gota dehalIke zAstra-bhaNDArame maujUda hai| yaha anekAnta varSa 10, kiraNa 2 meM prakAzita ho cukA hai| isame 13 padya hai aura sabhI adhyAtma rasase yukta hai / usame kAvya-gata ramaNIyatA bhI hai| usakA eka padya dekhie, "siddha sadA jahAM nivasahIM, carama sarIra pramAna / kiMcidUna marAnojjhita, mUsA gagana samAna // " anya racanAe~ uparyukta racanAoke atirikta 'solaha svapna phala' aura 'jina stuti' nAmako do racanAeM aura prApta huI hai| pahalo jayapurake bar3e mandirake guTakA naM 126 meM nibaddha hai, aura dUmarI jayapurake vadhIcandajIke mandirame guTakA naM0 125 me aMkita hai| pANDe rUpacanda hindIke eka sAmarthyavAn kavi the| unakI bhASAkA prasAda guNa Ananda utpanna karatA hai, to sIdhe-sAdhe bhAva marmako rasa-vibhora banA 51. harSakIrti (vi0 saM0 1683 ) harSakotine choTI-choTI muktaka racanAoMkA nirmANa kiyA hai| unameM adhyAtma aura bhakti rasako adhikatA hai / unako bhASApara rAjasthAnIkA prabhAva hai / isase siddha hai ki ve rAjasthAnake nivAsI the| ho sakatA hai ki ve jayapura athavA usake Asa-pAsake rahanevAle hoN| usa samaya jayapura aise logoMkA kendra ho rahA thA, jo rAjasthAnI mizrita hindIme likha rahe the| ye harSakIrti, harSakotisUrise spaSTarUpeNa pathaka hai| harpakottimUri tapAgacchake candrakotisUrike ziSya the| unhone gujarAtIme kevala 'vijaya zeTha vijayazeThAnI svalpa prabandha' kI racanA kI / harSakIti hindoke kavi the| unakI racanAomeM rasa hai aura gtishiiltaa| racanAoMkA vivaraNa nimna prakAra hai :

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175 jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya paMcagati vela isako racanA vi0 saM0 1683 me huI thii| isako eka hastalikhita prati paMcAyatI mandira dillI meM maujUda hai| dUsarI prati jayapurake Tholiyoke di0 jaina mandirake guTakA naM0 131 me maMkalita hai| tIsarI prati jayapurake vadhIcandajIke di0 jaina mandiramai guTakA naM0 51 meM nibaddha hai| isame kRtikA racanA-kAla vi0 saM0 1683 diyA hai / yaha guTakA vi0 saM0 1754 kA limbA huA hai| ___ isa kAvyame pAMca indriyose sambandhita viSayokA varNana huA hai / una viSayome phaMsanese jIva nigodame jAtA hai| jIvakA kartavya hai ki indriyokA dAsa na bane, aura bhagavAnme dhyAna lagAye / neminAtha rAjula gIta _ isakI prati jayapurake badhIcandajIke digambara jaina mandirame sthita guTakA naM0 162 meM nibaddha hai| isame kula 68 padya hai| sabhIma bhagavAn neminAtha aura rAjulako lekara bhakti dikhAyI gayI hai| moraDA isakI prati jayapurake badhIcandajIke di0 jaina mandirake guTakA naM0 118 meM nibaddha hai / isameM bhI neminAtha aura rAjulako lekara vividha bhAvokA pradarzana huA hai, sabhI bhagavadviSayaka ratise sambandhita hai / Adi aura anta dekhie| prArambha-rAga soraThI ___ "mhAro re mana moDA tU to giranArayA uThi bhAyare / nemijI syoM yuM kahijyo rAjamatI dukkha ye sause // mhArau0 // antima "mokSa gayA jiNa rAjai prabhu gaDha giranAri majhAra hai| rAjala to surapati huvau svAmI harSakIrti sukAro re / mhAro0 // " nemIzvara gIta __ isakI prati badhIcandajIke di. jaina mandirameM guTakA naM0 162 meM nibaddha hai| isameM kula 69 padya hai| yaha bhagavAn nemIzvarakI bhaktime racA gayA eka gIti-kAvya hai| bIsa tIrthakara jakhar3I isakI prati jayapurake TholiyoMke jaina mandirameM virAjamAna eka pATha-saMgrahameM saMkalita hai|

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hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi caturgati veli yaha prati bhI jayapurake badhIcandajIke digambara jaina mandirame virAjamAna guTakA naM0 43 aura 148 me nibaddha hai| pahalekA lekhanakAla vi0 saM0 1782 aura dUsarekA saM0 1799 jyeSTha vadI 11 hai| jayapurake hI paNDita lUNakaranIke mandirame guTakA naM0 2 aura 18 me bhI isakI prati saMkalita hai| kama-hiNDolanA ____ isakI prati jayapurake badhIcandajIke mandiramai guTakA naM0 162 me likhI hai| isame 181 padya hai / jayapurake Tholiyoke jaina mandirame bhI guTakA naM0 26 meM isakI eka prati saMkalita hai| anya racanAe~ ____ 'chahalezyAkavitta' aura 'bhajana va pada-saMgraha' jayapurake paM0 lUNakarajIke mandirame guTakA naM0 18 me nibaddha hai| 52. kanakakIrti ( 17vIM zatAbdI vikrama uttarAI ) kanakakIrti kharataragacchoyazAkhAke prasiddha jinacandrasUrikI ziSya-paramparAme nayanakamalake ziSya jayamandirake ziSya the| inakI samUcI kAvya racanAeM gujarAtI aura hindIme likhI huI haiN| bahuta pahale hI zrI mohanalAla dulIcanda desAI inake dvArA gujarAtIme racI gayI 'neminAtha rAsa' aura 'draupadI rAsa'-jaisI racanAoMkA vizada ullekha kara cuke hai| donoM hI racanAe~ 17vI zatAbdIke antima pAdakI kRtiyAM haiN| inakA nirmANa kramazaH bIkAnera aura jaisalamerameM huA, ataH yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki ye usI tarafake rahanevAle the| inhoMne 'tattvArtha zruta sAgarI TIkA' para eka vistRta hindI TIkA likhI hai jo gadyameM hai| __ inakI hindI kRtiyome gIta adhika hai| sabhI bhagavAn yA kisI RSimunikI stutimeM likhe gaye haiM / kAnyakI dRSTise bhI unakI racanA praur3ha hai / bhASA DhuMDhArI hindI hai, jisameM 'hai' ke sthAnapara 'chai' kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| una kRtiyoMkA saMkSipta paricaya nimna prakArase hai : 1. jainagurjarakavimo, bhAga 1, bambaI, 1926 I0, pRSTha 568-72 / 2. isakI prati jayapurake TholiyoMke jaina mandirameM, veSTana naM047 meM maujUda hai| isakA lekhanakAla saM01744 kArtika vadI hai|

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya meghakumAra gIta isa choTe-se gIti-kAvyame RSi meghakumArakI stuti kI gayI hai / isameM kula 46 padya haiN| isakI prati jayapurake Tholiyoke digambara jaina mandirameM veSTana saM0 440 mai nibaddha hai| usameM kevala do panne hai| isakA antima bhAga isa prakAra hai, "zrI vIra jiNaMda pasAi, je meghakumAra riSi gaai| tAhI agalI vInasa vIjAi, vasI saMpati sagalI pAi // je munIvara meghakumAra, jINI cArita pAlausAra / guNarU zrI mANIka sIsa, ima kanaka maNaya nIsa dIsa // " jinarAja-stuti isakI prati jayapurake badhIcandajIke di0 jaina mandira meM guTakA naM0 125 meM likhI hai| isakI lipi sAMgAnera meM saM0 1759 phAlguna sudI 6 ko huI thii| bhASAmeM gujarAtIkA paryApta sammizraNa hai / vinatI ___ isakI prati bhI jayapurake badhIcandajIke di0 jaina mandirake guTakA naM0 51 veSTana naM0 1017 aura guTakA naM0 108 aura veSTana naM0 1118 meM nibaddha hai| yaha 'vaMdU zrI jinadAIse prArambha hotI hai| yaha bhagavAn jinendrakI bhaktise sambandhita eka gIta hai| zrIpAla-stuti isakI prati bhI uparyukta mandirake hI guTakA naM0 101 meM nibaddha hai| isameM zrIpAlakI stuti hai, jaisA ki isake zIrSakase vidita hai| zrIpAla, bhagavAn jinendrakA parama bhakta thaa| yaha bhaktakI bhakti hai / pada ___ kanakakottike pada di0 jaina mandira bar3otake pada-saMgrahameM saMkalita haiM / katipaya pada jayapurake Tholiyoke jaina mandira meM virAjamAna guTakA naM0 111 meM bhI nibaddha haiN| jayapurake chAvar3oMke mandirake guTakA naM0 34 aura badhIcandajIke mandirake veSTana naM. 1023 meM bhI unake padoMkA saMkalana hai| eka padameM unhoMne likhA hai ki bhagavAnkA nAma lenese nizcaya hI zivapada milatA hai, "nara nArI jo gAvai re bhAI nihazcai zivapura jaavhii|

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi kanakakIrati guNa gAvai re bhAI arihaMta nAMva hiyai dhrau| aba lIyo jAya tolIjyo re mAI jina ko nAMva sadA malo // " eka dUsare padameM apane devako anupama kahate hue kavine likhA hai, "tuma mAtA tuma tAta tumahI parama dhaNI jI / tuma jaga saMcA deva tuma sama aura nahIM jI // tuma prabhu dInadayAlu mujha duSa dUri karo jii| lIjai mohi ubAri maiM tuma saraNa gahI jii|| saMsAra anaMtana hI tuma dhyAna dharo jii| tuma darasana bina deva duragati mAhi rUlyo jI // 2 karma ghaTAvali isakI prati jayapurake badhIcandajIke di0 jaina mandirameM guTakA naM0 108 me surakSita hai| isameM jaina dharmAnusAra ATha karmokA burA prabhAva dikhAyA gayA hai| eka padyameM kavine likhA hai ki apane ArAdhyame prema-niSTha honese yaha jIva bhavasamudrake pAra pahu~ca jAtA hai, "bhramyau saMsAra anaMta na tuma bheda lahayo jii| tuma syau neha nivAri parasyau neha kIye jI // paDatA naraka majhAri aba udhAri karo jii| tuma syau prema karerA te saMsAra tire jii|| kanakakIrati kari bhAva zrI jina magati ruce jii| par3ha suna nara nAri suragA suSa laho jI // " 53. kavi banArasIdAsa (janma vi0 saM0 1643, mRtyu vi0 saM01700) pArivArika jIvana banArasIdAsakA likhA huA 'arddhakathAnaka hai, jisake AdhArapara yahA~ unakA jIvanavRtta prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| prAcIna aura madhyakAlIna sAhityameM 'baIkathAnaka' pahalA 'Atmacarita' mAnA jAtA hai / 1. mandira vIcandanIvAlI prati / 2. mandira chAvar3oMvAlI prati / 3. prakathAnaka, paM0 nAthUrAma premI-dvArA sampAdita hokara, saMzodhita sAhityamAlA bambaI se akTUbara 1657 meM punaH prakAzita ho cukA hai|

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya kavi banArasIdAsajIke pitAmaha zrI mUladAsajI hindI aura fArasIke vidvAn the| naravarake navAbane unheM apanA modI niyukta kiyA thaa| vi0 saM0 1608 sAvana sudI 5 ravivArake dina mUladAsake ghara putra-janma huA / usakA nAma khar3agasena rakhA gyaa| vi0 saM0 1613 me mUladAsakA svargavAsa ho gayA / unakI dhana-sampatti navAbane le lii| mAM-beTe jaunapurame Akara rahane lge| vahA~ khar3agasenako nanasAla thii| nAnA madanasiMha cinAliyA jaunapurake prasiddha jauharI the| usa samayakA jaunapura adhika samRddhizAlI thaa| vahAM hIre-javAharAtakA bahuta UMcA vyApAra hotA thaa| vaha cAra kosameM basA huA thaa| usameM 52 bAjAra the| isa nagarako paThAna jaunasAhane basAyA thA / banArasIdAsake samayameM jaunapurakA navAba kulIcaraNa thA, jisake atyAcArase prapIr3ita hokara jauharI idhara-udhara bhAga gaye the| ___ khar3agasenajI bar3e hokara Agareme Aye aura sundaradAsajIke sAtha vyApAra karane lge| isake pUrva ve kucha samaya taka baMgAlake sulatAna lodIkhAMke potadAra bhI rahe the| sundaradAsake sAjhemeM vyApAra khUba claa| usI samaya inakA vivAha meraThake sUradAsa zrImAlakI putrIse ho gyaa| prathama putrake svargavAsI honepara unhoMne rohatakake pAsako 'satI mAtA' kI jAta ko / do bAra jAta karanepara unake saM0 1643 mAgha sudI ekAdazo ravivArake dina eka putrakA janma huA, jisakA nAma vikramAjIta rakhA gyaa| chaha mAsake bAlakako lekara ve bhagavAn pArzvanAthakI pUjA karaneke lie banArasa gye| vahAM unakI prArthanApara pujArIne AzI rvAda diyA, "bhagavAn pArzvaprabhuke yakSane mujhase pratyakSa hokara kahA hai ki isa bAlakako koI cintA nahIM rahegI, yadi pArzva-prabhuke janma-sthAnake nAmapara isakA nAma rakhA jaayegaa|" usake nirdezAnusAra vikramAjIta banArasIdAsa ho gye| ___ gyAraha varSakI umrameM arthAt vi0 saM0 1654 mAgha sudI 12 ko khairAbAdake kalyANamalakI putrIke sAtha unakA vivAha huaa| jisa dina putra-vadhU gharameM AyI, usI dina khar3agasenakI dUsarI putrIkA janma aura nAnIkA maraNa huaa| tonoM kAma eka sAtha kiye gye| banArasIdAsajIke tIna vivAha hue, jinameM se prathama do kramazaH svargavAsinI ho gyiiN| banArasIdAsajIke nau bAlaka janame, sabhI kAla-kavalita ho gaye / unameM do lar3akiyAM aura sAta lar3ake the| usapara banArasIdAsajIne yaha kahakara santoSa dhAraNa kiyA, "tatva dRSTi jo dekhie, satyAratha kI mA~ ti| jyoM jA ko parigaha ghaTai, tyau tA kauM upasAMti // "

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180 hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi banArasIdAsakI zikSA-dIkSA ATha varSakI avasthAme banArasIdAsa caTazAlAme vidyA grahaNa karane jAne lge| vahIM guruke pAsa ve eka varSame hI likhanA par3hanA sIkha gaye / isake pazcAt 14 varSake honepara unhoMne paNDita devadattake pAsa vidyAbhyAsa kiyA, aura nAmamAlA, anekArtha, jyotiSa, alaMkAra, kokazAstra aura cAra sau phuTakara zloka pddh'e| isI samaya jonapura me upAdhyAya abhayadharmajI Aye, unake sAtha mAnucandra aura rAmacandra nAmake do ziSya bhI the| muni bhAnucandrase banArasIdAsakA sneha ho gayA, aura ve unake pAsa vidyAdhyayana karane lage / munijIse unhoMne paMcasandhi, chanda, koza, jaina stavana, sAmAyika tathA pratikramaNAdi pATha sIkhe / inake prati banArasIdAsajIko agAdha zraddhA thI / unhone apanI pratyeka racanAmeM yahAMtaka ki 'nATaka samayasAra ' meM bhI unakA smaraNa kiyA hai| banArasIdAsakI kavi-pratibhA janmajAta thI / unhoMne 15 varSakI alpAyumeM eka 'navarasa' racanA likhI, jisameM 'AsikhokA vizeSa varanana' thA / usameM eka hajAra dohA caupAI the / zreSTha jJAna honepara unhoMne yaha racanA gomatImeM pravAhita kara dii| isase unakI kavitvazaktikA paricaya to milatA hI hai / banArasIdAsakA vaMza aura gotra banArasIdAsakA vaMza zrImAla aura gotra biholiyA thaa| inakI utpattike viSayameM banArasIdAsane likhA hai, "rohataka ke pAsa biholI nAmakA gA~va thA, jisameM rAjavaMzI rAjapUta rahate the / ve saba eka jaina guruke upadezase jaina ho gaye / NamokAra mantrako mAlA pahananeke kAraNa unake kulakA nAma zrImAla par3A / vahA~ke rAjAne unake gotrakA nAma 'biholiyA' rakha diyA / " isapara TippaNI karate hue paM0 nAthUrAma premIne likhA hai, "isame itanA to ThIka mAlUma hotA hai ki biholI gAMvake kAraNa inakA gota biholiyA huA, jainoMke adhikAMza gotroMke nAma sthAnoMke kAraNa hI rakhe gaye haiM, parantu samagra zrImAla jAtike utpatti-sthAnake viSayameM ve kucha nahIM kahate / "" paNDita premIkI dRSTimeM zrImAla jAtiko utpatti zrImAla sthAnase huI, jo aba bhinnamAla kahalAtA hai / isake khaNDahara ahamadAbAdase ajamera jAnevAlI relave lAinapara pAlanapura aura AbU sTezanase lagabhaga 1. kathAnaka, doharA 8-10, 50 2 | 2. arthakathAnaka, pariziSTa, pR0 118 / 3. vahI, pRSTha 118 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 181 50 mIla dUra gujarAtako ora avasthita hai| huenasAMgake samayameM yaha nagara gurjara dezako rAjadhAnI thaa| banArasIdAsa aura unakA sampradAya banArasIdAsajIkA janma zvetAmbara sampradAyameM huA thA, kintu na ve zvetAmbara the aura na digambara / usa samaya AgaremeM adhyAtmiyoMkI eka sailI yA goSThI thI, jisameM sadaiva adhyAtma carcA huA karatI thI / banArasIdAsa usIke sadasya the| 'samayasAra'kI rAjamalajI kRta bAla-bodha TIkA par3hakara, banArasIdAsako adhyAtma carcAme jo ruci utpanna huI thI, vaha vi0 saM0 1692 meM pANDe rUpacandajIse gomaTTasAra' par3haneke uparAnta pariSkRta huii| pariNAmasvarUpa ve adhyAtma matake pakke samarthaka bana ske| yadyapi banArasIdAsase pahale hI AgaremeM adhyAtmiyoMko sailI thI, kintu unake Aneke bAda usameM sthAyitva aayaa| banArasIdAsake pAMca sAthI the, paM0 rUpacanda, caturbhuja, bhagavatIdAsa, kuarapAla aura dhrmdaas| ye saba dina aura rAta kevala adhyAtma carcA hI nahIM karate the, kintu tadanurUpa sAhitya-sRjana bhI karate the| banArasIdAsa aura unake isa sAhityika dalane adhyAtmavAdako anubhUtimaya kAvyakA rUpa diyaa| jisase usameM sthAyitva to AyA ho, AkarSaNa bhI utpanna huaa| banArasIdAsake bAdakA samUcA jaina-hindI sAhitya unake kAvyoMko antazcetanAse prabhAvita hai| banArasIdAsakA do santoMse milana kahA jAtA hai ki banArasIdAsajIko mahAtmA tulasIdAsase bheMTa huI thii| tulasIdAsajIne rAmAyaNako eka prati banArasIdAsajIko dI thI, aura unhoMne 'virAje rAmAyaNa ghaTa mAhi' pada kI racanA kara rAmAyaNake prati zraddhA pradarzita kI thii| tulasIdAsajIkA svargavAsa vi0 saM0 1680 meM huA thA, usa samaya banArasIdAsako avasthA 37 varSakI thii| donoMkI bheMTa honA asambhava to nahIM hai| paM0 nAthUrAmajI premIkA kathana hai, "yadi gosvAmI tulasIdAsase sAkSAt honekI bAta saca hotI to usakA ullekha 'arddhakathAnaka' meM avazya hotaa|" ho sakatA hai ki isa ghaTanAko gauNa samajhakara hI unhoMne apane jIvanavRttameM koI sthAna na 1. vahI, pRSTha 37 // 2. nATaka samayasAra, buddhilAla AvakakI hindI-TIkAsahita, jaina grantharatnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1986, prazasti, padya 26-27, pRSTha 537 / 3. yaha pada banArasI-vilAsa, jayapura, 1654 I0, pR0 233para saMkalita hai| 4. bharddhakathAnaka, bhUmikA, pR012 /

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18ra hindI jaina bhakti-kAnya aura kavi diyA ho| yaha saca hai ki tulasokA yaza unake jIvanakAlameM nahIM thaa| isake atirikta ve tulasIko rAmAyaNakI prazaMsA pahale hI kara cuke the| dUsare santa sundaradAsajI haiM, jinase banArasIdAsako bheMTa huI thI / sundaradAsajIkA janma vi0 saM0 1653 aura mRtyu vi0 saM0 1746 me huii| unakA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1664 se Arambha humA thaa| donoM samakAlIna the| 'sundara anthAvalI ke sampAdaka paM0 haranArAyaNa zarmAne donoMkI bheMTa honekI bAta likhI hai| unhoMne yaha bhI likhA hai ki donoMme, ApasameM padyoMkA AdAna-pradAna bhI huA thaa| paM0 nAthUrAmajI premIne isa bheMTako sambhava mAnA hai|2 'marddhakathAnaka' meM isa ghaTanAkA bhI ullekha nahIM hai| banArasIdAsa svayaM santa the aura unameM santa-samAgamako icchA svAbhAvika thii| banArasIdAsakA sAhitya banArasIdAsane 'navarasa racanA', 'nAmamAlA', 'nATaka samayasAra,' 'banArasIvilAsa', 'arghakathAnaka', 'moha viveka yuddha', 'mAMjhA' aura kucha phuTakara padokA nirmANa kiyA thaa| banArasodAsa uttama koTike kavi the| unakI racanAoMme rasapravAha hai aura gatizIlatA bhii| jovanta bhASA aura svAbhAvika bhAvonmeSa unakA mukhya guNa hai| navarasa racanA banArasIdAsane isako racanA vi0 saM0 1650 meM kI thii| usa samaya unakI avasthA 14 varSakI thii| racanAkA mukhya viSaya thA, 'izka' / banArasIdAsane vi0 saM0 1662 meM isa kRtiko gomatImeM bahA diyA thaa| isa racanAmeM eka hajAra dohA-caupAI the| nAma-mAlA isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1670 Azvina sudI 10 ko jaunapura meM huI thii|' yaha eka choTA-sA zabda-koza hai| isameM 175 dohe haiN| yadyapi isakA mukhya bAdhAra 'dhanaMjaya nAmamAlA' thI, kintu usameM hindo, saMskRta aura prAkRta tInoM 1. motIlAla menAriyA, rAjasthanAnI bhASA aura sAhitya, hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga, vi0 saM0 2008, dvitIya saMskaraNa, pR0 263-265 / 2. akvAnaka, bhUmikA, pRSTha 14 // 3. banArasI nAmamAlA, vIra sevA mandira, dillI, patha 171-172 /

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183 jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya bhASAoM ke zabdoMkA samAveza huA hai| yaha eka maulika kRti hai| nATaka samayasAra 'nATaka samayasAra' banArasIdAsako sarvotkRSTa racanA hai| isakA nirmANa AgaremeM vi0 saM0 1693, Azvina sudI 13 ravivArake dina huA thaa| usa samaya bAdazAha zAhajahA~kA rAjya thaa| ____'nATaka samayasAra meM 310 soraThA-dohe, 245 savaiyA-ikatIsA, 86 caupAI, 37 teIsA savaiyA, 20 chappaya, 18 kavitta, 7 ahilla aura 4 kuNDaliyA hai / kula milAkara 727 padya hote haiN| ___ 'nATaka samayasAra'kA mukhya AdhAra hai AcArya amRtacandra (9vIM zatAbdI vikrama ) ko 'AtmakhyAti' TIkA, jo AcArya kundakundake prAkRtameM likhe gaye 'samayasArapAhuDa'para, saMskRta kalazoMmeM likhI gayo thI, aura rAjamalajI pANDe (16vIM zatAbdI vikrama ) kI 'bAlabodhinI' TIkA, jo hindI-gadyameM racI gayI thii| kintu 'nATaka samayasAra kevala anuvAda-mAtra nahIM hai, usame paryApta maulikatA hai| 'AtmakhyAti' TokAmeM kevala 277 kalayo haiM, jabaki 'nATaka samayasAra meM 727 padya hai| antakA 'caudahavAM guNasthAna adhikAra' to bilakula svatantra rUpase likhA gayA hai| prArambha aura antake 100 padyoMkA bhI 'mAtmakhyAti' TIkAse koI sambandha nahIM hai| jinakA sambandha hai ve bhI navIna haiN| 'kalaza' kA abhiprAya to avazya liyA gayA hai, kintu vividha dRSTAntoM, upamA aura utprekSAose aisA rasa utpanna huA hai jisake samakSa kalaza phIkA jaMcatA hai| 'nATaka samayasAra' sAhityakA grantha hai jaba ki 'samayasArapAhuI aura usako TokAeM darzanase sambandhita haiN| 'nATaka samayasAra'meM kaviko bhAvukatA pramukha hai, jaba ki 'samayasArapAI meM dArzanikakA paannddity| 'samayasAra' aura 'nATaka' ___ apane svabhAva va guNa-paryAyoMmeM sthira rahaneko 'samaya' kahate haiM / chahoM dravya - jova, ajIva, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla - apane guNa-paryAyomeM sthira rahate hai, ataH ve saba 'samaya' kahalAte haiN| una sabameM 'Atma-dravya' (jIva ) jJAyaka 1. 'bhASA prAkRta saMskRta, trividha susabada sameta' banArasI nAmamAlA, dillI, tIsarA pakSa / 2. nATaka samayasAra, bambaI, prazasti, paya 36-37, pR0 540 / 3. vahI, prazasti, paba 39vA, pR0 541 /

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hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi honeke kAraNa sArabhUta hai, aura usakA hI mukhyatayA kathana karaneke kAraNa isakA nAma 'samayasAra' hai / 1 184 AcArya kundakundane 'samayasAra' ko nATaka nahIM kahA thA, kintu amRtacandrAcAryane apane saMskRta kalazoMmeM use nATakakI saMjJA pradAna kI / banArasIdAsane bhI use nATaka kahA hai / isameM jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA, aura mokSa sAta tattva abhinaya karate haiM / unameM pradhAna honeke kAraNa jIva nAyaka hai aura ajIva pratinAyaka | donoMke pratisparddhA abhinaya vibhinna rUpakoMke dvArA pradarzita kiye gaye hai / AtmA (jIva ) ke svabhAva aura vibhAvako nATakake DhaMgapara batalAneke kAraNa isako 'nATaka samayasAra' kahate haiM / nATaka samayasAra meM rUpakatva AtmArUpI naTa sattArUpI raMgabhUmipara jJAnakA svAMga banAkara sadaiva nRtya karatA hai / pUrva bandhakA nAza usakI gAyana vidyA hai, navIna bandhakA saMvara tAla tor3anA hai, niHzaMkita Adi ATha aMga usake sahacArI haiM, samatAkA AlApa svaroMkA uccAraNa haiM, aura nirjarAkI dhvani dhyAnakA mRdaMga hai / isa bhA~ti vaha gAyana aura nRtyameM lIna hokara AnandameM sarAbora haiM, "pUrva baMdha nAse so to saMgIta kalA prakAse, nava baMdha rudhi tAka torata uchari kai / nisaMkita Adi aSTa aMga saMga sakhA jori, samatA alApacArI karai sura mari kai| nirajarA nAda gAjai dhyAna miradaMga bAjai, chAyau mahAnaMda meM samAdhi rAzi kari kai| sattA raMgabhUmi meM mukata bhayau tihUM kAla, 211 nAce suddhadiSTi naTa gyAna svAMga dhari kai // eka-dUsare sthAnapara AtmAko 'pAturI' banAyA gayA hai| eka naTI vastra aura AbhUSaNoMse sajakara rAtake samaya nATyazAlAmeM 'paTa' Ar3A karake AtI hai to kisIko dikhAI nahIM detI / kintu jaba donoM orake zamAdAna ThIka karake 1. AcArya kundakunda, samayasAra, pATanI di0 jaina granthamAlA, mAroTha, mAravAda, pharavarI 1653, dUsarI gAthA, amRtacandrAcAryakI saMskRta TIkA, pR0 8-6 2. banArasIdAsa, nATaka samayasAra, zrI buddhilAla zrAvakakI TIkA sahita, jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1986, 761, pR0 215-216 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 'paTa' haTAyA jAtA hai to sabhAke saba loga usako bhalIbhAMti dekha lete hai / ThIka aise hI AtmA, jo mithyAtva ke parademe DhaMkA huA thA, jaba jJAnake zamAdAnake ujAle meM prakaTa hotA hai to sabhI jIva use dekha sakate haiM / AtmAko ima rUpameM dekhanevAle jIva saMsAra ke jJAyaka banate haiM, " jaise koU pAtura banAya vastra Abharana, Avati akhAre nisi Ar3hau paTa kari kai, duhUM aura dIvaTi saMvAri paTa dUri kIjai, sakala sabhA ke loga dekheM dRSTi dhari ke || taileM jJAna sAgara mithyAti graMthi bhedi kari, 1 umagyau pragaTa rahyau tihUM loka bhari ke aiso upadesa suni cAhie jagata jIta, suddhatA saMmArai jA jAla sauM nisari kai // 135 // " cetana, acetanakI saMgati meM aceta ho rahA hai, usIko kavine nidrAkA rUpaka mAyAkI zayyApara so rahA / karmoMkA balavAn udaya hI dekara prastuta kiyA hai | cetana kAyAkI citrasArImeM haiM | mohake jhakoroMse usake netrake palaka Dhaka gaye haiM zvAsakA zabda hai / viSaya-sukha ke lie bhaTakanA svapna hai| tInoM kAla magna rahatA hai, isa mUr3ha dazAme AtmA "kAyA citrasArI meM karama parajaMka mArI, mAyA kI saMvArI seja cAdara kalapanA / zaina kare cetana acetanatA nIMda kiye, moha kI marora yaha locana ko DhapanA // ude bala jora yahai zvAsa ko zabda ghora, viSai sukhakArI jA kI daura yaha sapanA / aisI mUr3ha dazA meM magana rahai tihuM kAla, dhAve bhrama jAla meM na pAvai rUpa apanA || 7|14|| " nATaka samayasArameM bhakti 24 kavi banArasIdAsane navadhA bhaktikA nirUpaNa kiyA hai, aura vaha isa prakAra hai, " zravana koratana citavana, sevana, vaMdana, dhyAna laghutA, 185 samatA, ekatA, naudhA bhakti pradAna |||98|"

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hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi 1 kavikI yaha bhakti kahI arihanta, kahIM arihanta bimba, kahIM siddha, kahIM zrutadevI, kahI sAdhu aura kahIM samyagdRSTiyoke caraNoMme samarpita huI hai / arthAt kavine yadi eka ora saguNako vandanA kI hai, to dUsarI ora nirguNakI ArAdhanA / banArasIdAsakA 'AtmA' jJAnakA nahIM, kintu bhAva- kSetrakA viSaya hai| unhoMne AtmAsambandhI siddhAntako nahI apitu AtmAnubhavako apane isa nATakakA mukhya viSaya mAnA hai / unhone kahA, "zuddha AtmAke anubhavake abhyAsase hI mokSa mila sakatA hai anyathA nahI / "" unakA yaha bhI kathana hai ki AtmAke aneka guNaparyAyoke vikalpameM na par3akara zuddha AtmAke anubhavakA rasa pInA caahie| apane svarUpameM lIna honA aura zuddha AtmAkA anubhava karanA hI zreyaskara hai / isa bhA~ti unakA AtmA jJeya kama aura upAsya adhika hai / bhagavAn siddha zuddha AtmAke pratIka hai| unakI vandanA karate hue kavi kahatA hai, 3 'avinAsI avikAra parama rasa dhAma haiM / samAdhAna saravaMga sahaja abhirAma haiM / / suddha buddha aviruddha anAdi anaMta haiM / jagata ziromani siddha sadA jayavaMta haiM / jinarAja vaha hI hai, jisane zuddha AtmAke darzana kara liye hai / vaha zuddha AtmarUpa jinarAja ghaTa-mandira me virAjatA hai / kavine usake caraNome apanI bhakti samarpita karate hue kahA hai, "jAmeM lokAloka ke subhAva pratibhA se saba, jagI gyAna sakati vimala jaisI ArasI / darzana udyota lIyau aMtarAya aMta kIyau, gayau mahAmoha bhayau parama mahArasI // so ghaTa- mandira meM cetana pragaTa rUpa, aiso jinarAja tAhi vaMdata banArasI // 182 1. suddha paramAtamA ko anubhI abhyAsa kIjeM, yahe mokha paMtha paramAratha hai itano // nATaka samayasAra, 10 / 125, pR0388 / 2. guna paraja meM driSTi na dIjai / niravikalpa anubhI rasa pIjai // Apa samAi Apa maiM lIja / tanapI meTi apanupo kIjai // vahI, 10/117, pR0 383 / 3. vahI, maMgalAcaraNa, pR0 5-6 / 4. vahI, 1 / 29, pR0 59 / 4

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jaima bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 187 banArasIdAsane AtmAko cidAnandake nAmase bhI abhihita kiyA hai / cidAnandakI stuti karate hue unhoMne likhA, "zobhita nija anubhUti juna cidAnanda bhagavAna / sAra padAratha AtamA, sakala padAratha jAna // " banArasIdAsajIne saguNa IzvarakI bhaktime bhI anekAneka padyoMkA nirmANa kiyA hai| bhagavAn pArzvanAthakI stuti karate hue unhoMne kahA ki bhagavAnkA smaraNa karane-mAtrase hI bhaktoke saba bhaya dUra ho jAte haiN| "madana-kaina-jita parama dharama-hita, sumirata bhagati bhagati saba ddrsii| sajala-jalada-tana mukuTa sapata-phana, kamaTha-dalana jina namata bnrsii| bhagavAn jinendra pAparUpI dhUlako dabAneke lie bAdalake samAna hai| ve bhaktake bhayako dUra karate hai, use kabhI narakame nahI jAne dete aura use bhavasamudrase pAra kara dete hai| ve bhagavAn kAmadevake vanakI agniko jalAneke lie sdrAgnike samAna hai, "para-agha-rajahara jalada, sakala jana-nata bhava-bhaya-hara / / jamadalana naraka-padanchayakarana, agama ataTa bhava jala tarana / vara-sakala-madana-vana haradahana, jaya jaya parama abhaya krn|" ___ jina-bimba bhI jinendra-jaisA hI hai| usakA yaza japanese hRdayame prakAza utpanna hotA hai / malina buddhi pavitra ho jAtI hai / "jA ko jasa japata prakAsa jagai hiradai maiM, soi suddhamati hoi hutI ju mlin-sii| kahata banArasI sumahimA pragaTa jAkI, ___ sohai jina kI chavi suvidyamAna jin-sii|" banArasIne sAdhukI bhakti karate hue kahA hai ki sAdhu, dharmakA maNDana aura bhramoMkA unmUlana karatA hai| vaha parama zAnta hokara karmoMse lar3atA hai, aura jItakara saMsArame virAjatA hai|| "dharama ko maMDana marama ko vihaMDana hai, parama narama hai ke karama soM laryo hai| aiso munirAja bhuvaloka meM virAjamAna, nirakhi banArasI namasakAra karyo hai|" jinavANI bhagavAnke hRdayarUpa tAlAbase nikalakara zAstrarUpa samudrameM

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188 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi praviSTa huI hai| ise samyagdRSTi jIva jAna sakate hai, mithyAdRSTi nahIM / aisI jinavANo saMsArameM sadA jayavanta ho, "vAsu hRdai-draha sauM nikalI, saritA sama hai zruta-sindhu samAnI // yAteM anaMta nayAtama lacchana, satya svarUpa sidhaMta bkhaanii| vuddha lakhai na lakhai durakhuddha, sadA jaga mAhi jagai jinabAnI // " banArasI vilAsa ___ yaha banArasIdAsakI phuTakara racanAoMkA saMgraha hai| Agareke dIvAna jagajIvanane vi0 saM0 1701 caitra sudI 2 ko unakI bikharI racanAoMko eka sthAnapara saMkalita kara diyA thaa| aura usa saMkalanakA nAma rakhA thA 'banArasI vilaas| __ 'banArasI vilAsa' meM banArasIdAsako 50 racanAeM saMgRhIta kI gayI haiN| unameM 'karmaprakRtividhAna' nAmako antima kRti bhI hai, jo phAguna sudI 7 vi0 saM0 1700 ko samApta huI thii| 'sUkta muktAvalI' saMskRtake sindUra prakaraNakA padyAnuvAda hai| isameM kucha padya banArasIdAsake mitra ku~arapAlake race hue hai|''jnyaan-vaavnii' pItAmbara nAmake kisI kavikI racanA hai| usame banArasIdAsakA guNa-kIrtana kiyA gayA hai| avaziSTa racanAome 'jinasahasranAma', 'zivamandira', 'zivapacIsI', 'bhavasindhu caturdazI', 'zAradASTaka', 'navadurgA vidhAna', 'aSTaprakArojinapUjA', 'dasabola', 'ajitanAthake chanda', 'zAntinAtha stuti', 'sAdhu vandanA' aura phuTakara padya paMcaparameSThI aura deviyoMkI bhaktise sambandhita haiM / 'dhyAna battIsI', 'adhyAtama phAga', 'adhyAtama gIta', 'adhyAtma padapaMkti' aura 'paramArtha hiMDolanA', AtmA, brahma athavA siddhakI vandanAmeM racI gayI kRtiyAM haiN| ___ uparyukta 50 racanAoMmeM kevala cArake nirmANakA kAla diyA hai / 'jJAnabAvano' vi0 saM0 1686 meM, "jinasahasranAma' vi0 saM0 1690 meM, 'sUkta muktAvalI' vi0 saM0 1691 meM aura 'karmaprakRti vidhAna' vi0 saM0 1700 meM racI gayI thii| bacI huI kRtiyoMkA racanAkAla 'arddhakathAnaka se vidita ho jAtA hai| 'banArasI vilAsa' kI phuTakara racanAe~ uttama kAvyakI nidarzana haiN| uname bhakti aura AdhyAtmikatA to hai hI, bhAvonmeSa bhI kama nahIM hai| isake sAtha-sAtha 1. banArasI vilAsa, jayapura, pR0 241 / 2. isameM 4 pacha hai, jinameM 21 taka to banArasIdAsakA nAma hai, aura usake bAda 56,64, 67, 7, 80 aura 82, chaha padoMmeM 'korA' yA kuMbharapAlakA /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 189 alaMkArokA prayoga bhI naisargika DhaMgase hI hamA hai| bhAva aura kalA donoM hI pakSomeM saundarya hai aura maryAdA bhii| eka sthAnapara kavine cintA prakaTa kI hai ki na jAne kaba isa manakI duvidhA jAyegI, aura yaha apane niraMjanake smaraName lo lgaayegaa| na jAne kaba hamAre netra-cAtaka AtmArUpI ghanase TapakanevAlI amRta-bUMdoMkA svAda leMge tathA na jAne kaba, hama tanakI mamatA tyAga kara, AtmAkA zubha dhyAna lagAyeMge, "duvidhA kaba jaihai yA mana kii| kaba jinanAtha niraMjana sumirauM, taji sevA jana jana kii| kaba ruci sauM pI raga cAtaka, bUMda akhaya pada dhana kii| kaba zubhadhyAna bharauM samatA gahi, karUM na mamatA tana kI // duvidhA kaba jaihai yA mana kI // "' santa kaviyoMkI bhAMti banArasIdAsane kahA ki yaha jIva mUrkha hai, kyoMki yaha usa Izvarako saMsArameM DhUMDhatA phiratA hai, jo usake ghaTameM hI virAjamAna hai / usakA yaha DhUMr3hanA kastUrI mRgake bhramaNako bhAMti hI vyartha hai, "jyauM mRganAmi suvAsa soM, DhUMr3hata bana dorai| tyoM tujhameM terA dhanI, tU khojata bhorai / / karatA bharatA bhogatA, ghaTa so ghaTa mAhIM / jJAna binA sadguru binA, tU samujhata nAhIM // " banArasIdAsa Izvarako devoMkA deva mAnate hai| usake caraNoMkA sparza karanemAtrase hI mokSa prApta ho jAtA hai / aThAraha doSoMse rahita usa prabhukI sevA karanA parama kartavya hai, "jagata meM so devana ko deva / jAsu carana parasaiM indrAdika hoya mukati svayameva ||jgt0|| nahiM tanaroga na zrama nahiM ciMtA, doSa aThAraha meva / miTe sahaja jAke tA prabhu kI, karati 'banArasi' seva ||jgt0||" zAradA devIkI stutimeM bhAva-vibhoratA hai, to anuprAsoMkI chaTA bhii| usameM saMgIta-sA Ananda sannihita hai, . "atItA ajItA sadA nirvikaaraa| viSa vATikA khaMDinI khaMga dhArA / / purApApa vikSepa kartRkRpANI / namo devi vAgezvarI jaina vAnI // 1. adhyAtmapada paMkti, padya 13, banArasI vilAsa, jayapura, pR0 231-232 / 2. vahI, padya 15, pR0 232 /

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hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi azokA mudekA vivekA vidhAnI / jagajjantuminnA vicitrAvasAnI // samastAvalokA nirastA nidAnI / namo devi vAgIzvarI jainavAnI // " arddhakathAnaka arddhakathAnakakI racanA vi0 saM0 1698 meM huI thii| isame banArasIdAsake jIvanake 55 varSakI 'Atma-kathA' hai| yaha nAma svayaM banArasIdAsakA diyA huA hai| unhoMne apanI 100 varSakI Ayu mAnakara, 55 varSoMko AdhI Ayume zAmila kiyA, aura isakA nAma 'marddhakathAnaka' rkhaa| kintu isa racanAke do varSa uparAna hI unakA svargavAsa ho gyaa| ataH 'banArasI-paddhati' meM AgekA jIvana hogA, eka anumAna-mAtra hai| ___ isa kathAnakameM 675 dohe-caupAiyAM hai| unameM banArasIdAsake jIvanako marmasparzI ghaTanAoke sAya-sAtha tatkAlIna bhAratako sAmAjika avasthAkA bhI yathArtha paricaya aMkita hai| Ajase 300 varSa pahaleke sAdhAraNa bhAratIya jIvanakA dRzya jyoMkA-tyoM upasthita kiyA gayA hai| ___ yaha eka saphala Atma-kathA hai| isameM jo kucha kahA gayA hai, saMkSepame aura niSpakSatAke saath| banAramIdAsa caturvedone likhA hai, "apaneko taTastha rakhakara apane satkarmoM tathA duSkarmopara dRSTi DAlanA, unako vivekakI tarAjUpara bAvana tole pAva rattI taulanA, sacamuca eka mahAn kalApUrNa kArya hai|" DaoN0 mAtAprasAda guptakA kathana hai, "kabhI-kabhI yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki Atma-kathA likhanevAle apane caritrake kAlimApUrNa aMzoMpara eka AvaraNa-sA DAla dete hai - yadi unheM sarvathA bahiSkRta nahIM karate - kintu yaha doSa prastuta lekhakame bilakula nahI hai|" paM. nAthUrAma premIne bhI likhA hai, "isame kavine apane guNoMke sAtha-sAtha doSokA bhI udghATana kiyA hai, aura sarvatra hI sacAIse kAma liyA hai|" 1. zAradASTaka, padya 7, 6, banArasI vilAsa, pR0 166-167 / 2. arddhakathAnaka, padya 670, pR0 74 | 3. vahI, padya 663, pR0 73 / 4. arddhakathA, DaoN0 mAtAprasAda gupta-dArA sampAdita, hindI sAhitya pariSad , prayAga vizvavidyAlaya, bhUmikA, pRSTha 15 / / 5. banArasIdAsa caturvedI, 'hindIkA prathama prAtmacarita', anekAnta, varSa 6, kiraNa 1, pRSTha 21 / 6. vahI, pRSTha 24 / 7. arddhakathA, prayAga, bhUmikA, pRSTha 14 / 8. arddhakathAnaka, bambaI, bhUmikA, pRSTha 22 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya isakI bhASAke viSaya meM svayaM banArasIdAsajIne kahA hai ki vaha madhyadezakI bolImeM likhA jAyegA / madhyadezakI sImAe~ badalatI rahI hai, kintu pratyeka parivartaname vrajabhASA aura khar3I bolIke pradeza zAmila rahe hI haiM / banArasIdAsajIkI bhASA braja bhASA hai, kintu usameM yatkicit khar3I bolIkA bhI sammizraNa hai / DaoN0 hIrAlAla jainane likhA hai, 'arddhakathAnaka' me urdU fAraso ke zabda kAfI tAdAda me Aye hai, aura aneka muhAvare to Adhunika khar3I bolI ke hI kahe jA sakate haiM / isapara se yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki banArasIdAsajIne 'arddhakathAnaka' kI bhASA meM, brajabhASAko bhUmikA lekara, usapara mug2alakAlame bar3hate hue prabhAvavAlI khar3I bolIkI puTa dI hai, aura ise hI unhone madhyadezakI bolI kahA hai| 'arddhakathAnaka ' se spaSTa hai ki banArasIdAsake jIvana meM sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha thI ki ve acchAI aura burAIkA vizleSaNa karate hue apane jIvanako acchAIkI ora hI bar3hAte gaye / ve kisI eka rIti rivAja yA paramparAse cipake na raha sake / eka samaya thA jaba AziqIko hI unhoMne apanA dharma samajha rakhA thA / parivartana huA aura ve jaina bhakta bana gaye / 1 "kahaiM doSa koDa na tajai, tajai avasthA pAi / jaise bAlaka kI dasA, taruna bhae miTi jAi // udai hota suma karama ke, maI asubha kI hAni / tArteM turata banArasI, gahI dharama ko bAni // " nita uThita prAta jAi jina mauna | darasana binu na karai daMtauna / caudaha nema virati uccare / sAmAyika paDikaunA kare || 191 harI jAti rAkhI paravAM na / jAva jova baiMgana pacakhAna / pUjA vidhi sAdhai dina ATha / par3he bInatI pada mukha-pATha //t banArasIdAsakI yaha jaina-bhakti nitya prati bar3hatI ho gayI / jaba khairAbAdase byAha karake lAye, to mAM aura bhAryAke sAtha tIrthayAtrAko gaye / ahicchatrakI pUjA karane ke uparAnta ve hastinApura pahu~ce, vahA~ zAnti- kunthu aura arahanAthakI bhakti meM eka kavitta banAyA, jisakA ve nitya prati pATha karate the| usa kavittako dekhie, 1. madhyadesa kI bolI boli / garbhita bAta kahIM hima kholi || arddhakathAnaka, padya 7, pR0 2 / 2. karddhakathA, prayAga, bhUmikA, pRSTha 14-15 / 3. DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina, 'arddhakathAnakakI bhASA', arddhakathAnaka, pRSTha 16 / 4. arddhakathAnaka, padya 272-275, pRSTha 31 / 5. vahI, padma 580-582, pRSTha 64-65 /

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192 hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi "zrI visasena naresa, sUra nRpa rAya suMdasana / acirA siriA devi, karahiM jisa deva prasaMsana // tasu naMdana sAraMga, chAga naMdAvata laMchana / cAlIsa paiMtisa tIsa, cApa kAyA chavi kaMcana // sukharAsi banArasIdAsa mani, nirakhata mana AnaMdaI / hathinApura, gajapura, nAgapura, sAMti kuMthu zrara vaMdaI / " " moha - viveka yuddha' isameM 110 padya hai / dohA caupAI chandoMkA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isakI anekAneka hastalikhita pratiyAM jaina-bhaNDAroMmeM pAyI jAtI hai| bIkAnera ke kharatara gacchIya bhaNDAra ke eka guTake meM 'banArasI vilAsa' ke sAtha yaha bhI likhA huA hai / isakI pA~ca pratiyA~ jayapura ke zAstra bhaNDAroMmeM bhI surakSita haiN| bIkAneravAlI pratike bhakti se sambandhita do padya isa prakAra haiM, "zrI jina bhakti suddar3ha jahAM, sadaiva munivara saMga / kahai krodha tahAM maiM nahIM, lagyau su zratama raMga // 58 // abibhacAriNI jinabhagati, Atama aMga sahAya / kahai kAma aisI jahAM, merI tahA~ na basAya // 32 // " jaina dharma vItarAgI hai / rAgakA artha hai moha / mohako jItane meM hI jIvana kI sArthakatA hai | jJAna vahI hai jo mohako jIta le / ataH moha aura vivekakA yaha yuddha jaina-paramparAke anukUla hI hai / banArasIdAsake pUrva isa viSayapara aneka kRtiyA~ racI gayI thiiN| unameM yazaH pAla mor3akA 'mohaparAjaya', vAdicandrasUrikA 'jJAnasUryodaya', haradevakA 'mayaNaparAjaya cariu', nAgadevakA 'madanaparAjayacarita' aura pAhalakA 'manakarahArAsa' prasiddha haiN| sabhImeM moha aura vivekakA yuddha hai / banArasIdAsa ne apane pUrvavarttI tIna kaviyoM - malla, lAladAsa aura gopAlake 'moha-viveka-yuddha' kA ullekha kiyA hai / ve unase prabhAvita the| tInoM hindI meM likhI gayI thIM / prastuta kRtike lie ve mUlAdhAra banIM / banArasIdAsane 'moha-viveka-yuddha' kA nirmANa 'navarasa' racanAke gomatImeM pravAhita karane ke uparAnta hI kiyA hogA / 'kAma' kI pratikriyAse yaha spaSTa hI hai / 1. vahI, paca 583, pRSTha 65 / 2. bIra vANI, varSa 6, aMka 23-24, meM zrI bhagaracandajI nAiTA dvArA prakAzita ho cukA hai| vIra pustaka bhaNDAra, manihAroMkA rAstA, jayapura se pustakAkAra rUpameM bhI nikala cukA hai|

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya isase siddha hai ki yaha unakI prArambhika kRti hai / ataH usakI zailI banArasIkI anya prauDha kRtiyoMse nahI milatI / Aja hindIke aneka khyAtiprApta kavi haiM, jinakI prathama racanAe~ unako pratIta nahIM hotI / isa kRtike antake tIna padyoMmeM banArasIkA nAma bhI diyA huA hai / phira bhI prAmANika nirNayake lie Thosa vicArako AvazyakatA hai / mAMjhA yaha racanA jayapura ke badhIcandajIke mandirake guTakA naM0 28 meM nibaddha hai / isameM 13 padya hai / isakI chaThI paMkti dekhie, " mAnuSajanama amolaka hIrA, hAra gaMvAyo khAsA" 193 naye par3ha paM0 nAthUrAma premIke dvArA sampAdita 'banAraso- vilAsa meM tIna naye padoMkA saMgraha kiyA gayA thaa| aba jayapurase prakAzita 'banArasI-vilAsa' meM do aura naye padoMkA prakAzana huA hai / pATaudI mandira jayapurake guTakA naM0 22 pR0 136 para maiMne banArasIdAsakA eka nayA pada dekhA hai - tU brahma bhUlo tU brahma bhUlo ajJAnI re prANI ! 54. manarAma ( 17vIM zatI vikrama, uttarArdha ) unakI racanAoMse yaha siddha hai ki manarAma satrahavIM zatAbdIke kavi the / ve banArasIdAsajI ke samakAlIna the / unhoMne apane manarAma vilAsameM zrI banArasIdAsajIkA sAdara smaraNa kiyA hai| unakI racanAe~ bhI banArasIdAsakI bhA~ti hI AdhyAtmika - rasase otaprota hai / unhoMne khar3I bolIkA prayoga kiyA hai| ho sakatA hai ki ve meraTha ke Asa-pAsa kisI pradezake rahanevAle hoN| vaise unakI kRtiyoMse yaha vidita nahIM hotA ki ve kahA~ke nivAsI the aura unake mAtA-pitAkA kyA nAma thA ? zrI kastUracandajI kAsalIvAlane unheM saMskRtakA praur3ha vidvAn kahA hai, kyoMki unakI racanAoMmeM saMskRta zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kintu yaha AdhAra bahuta nirbala hai| kevala saMskRtake zabdoMkA prayoga karane mAtra se koI saMskRtakA udbhaTa vidvAn nahIM kahA jA sktaa| unakI racanAoMkA saMkSipta paricaya nimna prakAra se hai : 1. zrI kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, hindIke naye sAhityakI khoja, anekAnta, varSa 14, kiraNa 12, pRSTha 333 | 25

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194 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi manarAma-vilAsa isakI prati jayapura ke Tholiyoke digambara jaina mandirake veSTana naM0 395 meM nibaddha hai / isameM kula 10 pRSTha aura 96 padya hai / inakA saMgraha kinhI bihArIdAsa nAmake vyaktine kiyA thaa| usane likhA hai, "mere cittame UpajI, gunamanarAma prakAsa / sodhi bInae ekaThe, kiye bihArIdAsa // " arthAt bihArIdAsane kevala saMgraha hI nahIM, kintu sampAdana bhI kiyA thA, tabhI to vaha mUla padyoMko zuddha kara ske| yaha kAvya subhASitose sambandhita hai| isameM dohA, savaiyA, aura kavitta Adi vividha chandokA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| prArambhameM ho paMca-parameSThIko vandanAmeM bhakti hai, aura sarasatA bhI, "karamAdika arina ko harai arahaMta nAma, siddha karai kAja saba siddha ko majana hai| uttama suguna guna Acarata jAkI saMga, AcAraja bhagati vasata jAkai mana hai| upAdhyAya dhyAna tai upAdhi sama hota, sAdha pari pUraNa ko sumirana hai| paMca parameSThI ko namaskAra maMtrarAja dhAvai manarAma joI pAvai nija dhana hai|" bhagavAn ke svarUpakA vivecana karate hue manarAmane likhA hai ki - vaha bhagavAn nirvikAra, nizcala, nikala, nirmala jyoti, gyAnagamya aura jJAyaka hai, usakA varNana kahAMtaka kiyA jaaye| jisa-kisIne bhagavAnke isa rUpako jAna liyA hai, phira use vizvameM kucha aura karaneko nahIM raha jAtA, "nirvikAra nizcala nikala nirmala jyotigyAnagamya gyAyaka kahAM lauM tAhi baranauM / nihacai sarUpa manarAma jina jAnau aisau, tAkau aura kArija rahayau na kachU karanau // 35 // " mohakarmako sAmarthya sabhIko vidita hai| usane jagake sabhI prANiyoMko bhramameM sAna rakhA hai| bhramavazAt hI yaha jIva adevoMko deva mAnakara unakI sevA karatA hai| saccA deva to usakI dehake bhItara hI rahatA hai, jise bhUlakara vaha idhara-udhara bhaTakatA phiratA hai, "deSo caturAI moha karama kI jaga te, prAnI saba rASe bhrama sAni ke| devani ko deva so tau basai nija deha mAMjha, tAko bhUla sevata adeva deva mAni kai // 63 // " manarAmane aMgoMkI sArthakatA isImeM mAnI hai ki ve ArAdhyakI ora lage raheM,

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195 jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya aura unake batAye mArgapara calaneme hI apaneko kRtakRtya maaneN| vaha padya isa prakAra hai, "nana saphala nirarSa ju niraMjana, sIsa saphala nami Isara jhAvahi / zravana saphala jihi sunata siddhAMtahi, muSaja saphala japie jina nAMvahi / hirdo saphala jihi dharma basai dhruva, karaja suphala punyahi prabhu pAvahi / carana saphala manarAma vaha gani, je paramAratha ke patha dhAvahi // 90 // " bhagavAnke nAmakI mahimAkA ullekha karate hue kavi manarAmane likhA hai ki yadi zuddha manase caubIsa jinendraka nAmamantrakA uccAraNa kiyA jAye to agharUpI sarpa kaise Thahara sakatA hai, "mana zuddha manarAma cau so jinaMda nAma mantra japai agha vyAla kaise ThaharAti hai // 2 // " yaha saMsAra bahuta hI vicitra hai| isame adhikatara mUrkha rahate hai / ve usako yogI kahate hai, jisakI kevala veSa-bhUSA yogakI hai, kintu usake manako nahI dekhate jo bhogoMse bharA hai| jo manako dekhakara yogIkI parakha karate hai ve hI jJAnI hai / aise vyakti sampattise bhI adhika yogIkA sammAna karate hai, "mana bhogI tana joga lakhi jogI kahata jihAna / mana jogI tana bhoga tasu jogI jAnata jAna // 72 // sabai aratha juta cAha para puruSa joga sanamAna / e samajhe manarAma jo bolata so jaga jAna // 73 // " rogApahAra-stotra isakI prati jayapurake badhIcandajIke digambara jaina mandirame virAjamAna guTakA naM. 17 meM nibaddha hai| isame rogoMko dUra karaneke lie bhagavAn jinendrase prArthanA kI gayI haiN| bhakta-kaviko vizvAsa hai ki bhagavAn jinendrakI upAsanAse AtmAmeM aise vizuddha bhAvoMkA saMcAra hogA, jisase zArIrika aura mAnasika sabhI roga svataH vilIna ho jaayeNge| battIsI isakI prati jayapurake TholiyoMke digambara jaina mandirame guTakA naM0 110 meM

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi nibaddha hai / isameM 34 padya haiM aura sabhI bhagavAn jinendrako bhaktise sambandhita haiN| bar3AkakkA isakI eka prati jayapurake badhIcandajIke digambara jaina mandirame virAjamAna guTakA naM0 126 meM maujUda hai| guTakekA lekhanakAla saM0 1704 ASAr3ha sudI 5 diyA huA hai| akSaramAlA __isakI prati jayapurake badhIcandajIke digambara jaina mandirameM guTakA naM0 42 meM saMkalita hai| 52 akSaroM meM se pratyekapara eka-eka padya kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai| dharmasahelI ___ isakI bhI prati uparyukta mandirake hI guTakA naM0 162me nibaddha hai / yaha guTakeke pRSTha 163para likhA huA hai| isame kula 20 padya hai / isame jaina dharmako mahimAkA ullekha hai| ___ inake anekoM pada prApta hai, jinameM bhagavAn jinendrake bhakti-rasakA hI Adhikya hai| inake do pada jayapurake badhocandajIke mandirame virAjamAna guTakA naM0 17 me saMkalita haiM / unake zIrSaka kramazaH, 'cetana yo ghara nAhI tero' aura 'jiya teM narabhavi yoM hI khoyo' haiN| inakA tIsarA pada isI mandirake guTakAnaM0 29, cauthA pada isI mandirake guTakA naM. 96me nibaddha hai| cauthekA zIrSaka 'akhiyAM Aja pavitra bhaI merI' se prArambha huA hai| yaha pada Tholiyoke jaina mandirake guTakA naM0 111me bhI likhA huA hai| manarAmake aneka sarasa pada di0 jaina mandira bar3autake 'padasaMgraha' kI eka hastalikhita pratime saMkalita haiN| atizaya kSetra mahAvIrajI ke zAstrabhaNDArakI eka adhajalI hastalikhita 'padasaMgraha' ko pratimeM bhI maiMne manarAmake katipaya pada dekhe the| guNAkSaramAlA isakI eka hastalikhita prati jayapurake TholiyoMke di0 jaina mandirame guTakA naM0 131meM saMkalita hai| yaha guTakA vi0 saM0 1779 magasira badI 3kA likhA huvA hai / isa kAvyameM 40 padya hai / sabhImeM bhagavAn jinendrake guNoMkA varNana hai| 'he bhAI tUne narabhava prApta kiyA hai, isalie bhagavAn jinendrakI bhakti kara', aise bhAvase yukta pada dekhie, "mana vaca kara yA joDi kaire vaMdau sArada mAyare / guNa bhakismAkA kahu~ sugau catara sukha pAI re /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya parama puruSa praNamau prathama re, zrI gura guna pArAdhaure / gyAna jyAna mArigi lahai, hoI sidhi saba sAdho re| bhAI nara mava pAyo minakha ko||" isa jIvane horA-jaise janmako yoM hI gaMvA diyA, bhagavAnkA bhajana nahIM kiyA, "hA hA hAsI jina kaure, kari kari hAsI Anau re| hIrau janama nivAriyo, binA bhajana bhagavAnau re|| par3he gunai bhara saradahai re, mana vaca kAya jo pIhAre / nIti gahai ati sukha lahai, dukha na byApai tAhI re // mAI nara bhava pAyau minakha ho||" 55. kuarapAla (vi0 saM0 1684 ) kuMarapAla kavi banArasIdAsake ananya mitra the| jina pAMca sAthiyoMme baiThakara banArasIdAsa paramArtha-carcA kiyA karate the, uname kuMarapAlakA bhI nAma hai|' banArasIdAsake uparAnta kuarapAla sarvamAnya ho gaye the| pANDe hemarAjane unhe 'korapAla gyAtA-adhikArI' kahA hai| mahopAdhyAya meghavijayane 'yukti-prabodha' meM unakI sarvamAnyatA svIkAra kI hai| kavine svayaM 'samakita battIsI' meM 'puri puri kaMvarapAla jasa pragaTyo' likhA hai| 1. rUpacanda paMDita prathama, dutiya caturbhuja nAma / tRtiya bhagautIdAsa nara kaurapAla gunadhAma // dharmadAsa ye paMca jana, mili baiThe ika Thaura / paramAratha caracA kareM, inake kathA na aura // nATakasamayasAra, prazasti, padya, 26-27, pR0 537 / 2. bAla bodha yaha kInI jaise, so tuma suNahu kahU~ mai taise / nagara mAgare mai hitakArI, kArapAla gyAtA adhikArI // pANDe hemarAja, pravacanasArakI bAlabodha TIkA, padya cauthA / 3. mahopAdhyAya meghavijaya, yuktiprabodha, RSabhadeva-kesarImala zvetAmbara-saMsthA, ratalAma, padya 2-8 ke nIcekI ttiikaa| 4. pari pari kaMvarapAla jasa pragaTacau. baha bidha tApa baMsa baraNijjaha / gharamadAsa jasa kaMvara sadA dhani, bausAkhA bisatara jima koji|| ku~arapAla, samakita battIsI, jaisalamera meM kuMbharapAlake lie likhA gayA guTakA, 31vaoN pdy|

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198 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi ___kuMarapAlakA janma osavAla vaMzake cauraDiyA gotrame huA thA / gaur3I dAsake do putra the - amarasiMha aura jasU / kuMarapAla amarasiMhake putra the|' jasUke putrakA nAma dharamadAsa yA gharamasI thA, jinake sAjhemeM banArasIdAsane javAharAtakA vyApAra kiyA thaa| paM0 nAthUrAmajI premIne unakA janmasthAna jaisalamera mAnA hai / vi0 saM0 1704me gajakuzalagaNine unake par3hane ke lie saMgrahaNI sUtra, jaisalamerame hI likhA thaa| eka guTakA, vi0 saM0 1684-1685 me svayaM kuMarapAlake hAthakA likhA huA upalabdha hai| isame 'Anandaghanake pada', 'dravyasaMgraha bhASA TIkA', 'phuTakara savaiyA', aura 'caturvizati sthAnAni' racanAeM saMgrahIta hai / usame kavikI svayaMkI kRtiyAM bhI hai| unake antame 'cetana kaMvara' upanAma diyA gayA hai / eka padyameM kavine likhA hai ki jina pratimA', bhagavAn jinendrake samAna hI hotI hai| usake nimittako pAkara hRdayame rAga-dveSa nahIM rhtaa| jina-pratimAkA darzana jisako acchA nahIM lagatA, vaha mithyAdRSTi hai| animeSa netroMse jina-pratimAko dekhanese saba karma kaTa jAte hai| "jina pratimA jina sama lekhIyai, tAko nimitta pAya ura aMtara, rAga doSa nahi dekhIyai // samyagdiSTI hoi jIva je, jiNa mana e mati rekhoyai / yahu darasana jAkU na suhAvai, mithyAmata mekhIyai // citavata cita cetanA catura nara, nayana meSa na mekhIyai / upazama kRyA upajI anupama, karma kaTai je sekhIyai // bItarAga kAraNa jiNa mAvana, uvaNA tiNa hI pekhiiyh| cetana kaMvara maye nija pariNati, pApa puna dui lekhIyai // ", 1. khitamadhi osavAla ati uttama, coroDiyA birada bahu dojaha / goDIdAsa aMsa garakttana, amarasIha tasu naMda kahIjai / / vahI, 31ve pachakI prathama do pNktiyaaN| 2. bharddhakathAnaka, padya 352-354, pR0 30-40 / 3. vahI, pariziSTa, pR0 102 / 4. yaha guTakA, zrI agaracandajI nAhaTAne paM0 nAthUrAmajI premIke pAsa bhejA thA, ___ aura unhIM ke pAsa rhaa| 5. arddhakathAnaka, pariziSTa, pR0 102 /

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jaina mata kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya eka dUsarA guTakA aura hai, jo kuMarapAlake par3haneke lie anya kisI lekhakane likhA thaa| isame kuMarapAlakI likhI huI 'samakita battIsI' nAmakI racanA bhI saMkalita hai|' isame 33 padya hai| 31-33 takake padyome kavikA apanA paricaya hai| avaziSTa padya 'ka' se 'ha' takake akSarose Arambha hue hai| isakA viSaya 'Atama-rasa' se sambandhita hai / isakA antima padya dekhie, "huo uchAha sujasa bhAtama suni, uttama jike parama rasa minne| jyauM surahI tiNa carahi dUdha hui, gyAtA teraha prana guna ginne / nijabudhi sAra bicAri adhyAtama, kavita battIsa meMTa kavi kinna / kaMvarapAla amaresa tanUmava, atihita cina pAdara kara linnai // '' 56. yazovijayajI upAdhyAya (vi0 saM0 1680-1743) ___ 'sujasavelIbhAsa' ke AdhArapara yazovijayajIkA jIvana-paricaya thor3Abahuta prApta hotA hai / yadi yaha kRti na hotI, to hama unake viSayameM bhI sivA anumAna racaneke aura kucha na kara paate| unhoMne svayaM apane vipula sAhityameM kahIMpara apane viSayameM eka zabda bhI nahIM likhaa| yaha bhAratIya paramparAke anurUpa hI thaa| 'sujasavelIbhAsa' ke racayitA munivara kAntivijayajI unake samakAlIna the| ataH kRtikI prAmANikatA asandigdha hI mAnI jAnI caahie| ___ uparyukta racanAmeM yazovijayajIke janma-sthAnake viSayameM kucha nahIM likhA hai| abhItaka isa viSayapara matabheda thA, kintu aba mahArAjA karNa devake vi0 saM0 1140 ke tAmrapatrase siddha ho gayA hai ki unakA janma gujarAtake 'kanADA gAMvameM huA thA / yaha tatkAlIna gambhUtAkSetrame zAmila thaa| Aja bhI vaha gAMva 'rUpeNanadI'ke kinAre basA hai / usameM kanauDiyA brAhmaNa aura paTeloMkI AbAdI hai| kisI samaya vahAM vaNik bhI acchI saMkhyAmeM rahate the| madhyakAlameM yaha gAMva 'kANodA'ke nAmase prasiddha thaa| yazovijayajIke pitAkA nAma nArAyaNa aura mAtAkA saubhAgyadevI thaa| donoM dharmaparAyaNa, dAnazIla aura udAra vRttike vyakti the| unakA prabhAva 1. yaha guTakA bhI zrI agaracandajI nAhaTAne, paM0 nAthUrAma premIke pAsa bhejA thA, unhIMke pAsa hai| 2. arddhakathAnaka, pR0 101 / 3. mahesANAse pATaNa jAnevAlI relave lAinapara dUsarA sTezana pINoja hai, isase cAra mIla pazcimameM kanoDA gA~va hai|

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200 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi yazavantapara bhI pdd'aa| yaha yazovijayake bacapanakA nAma thaa| unakA eka choTA bhAI aura thA, jisakA nAma padmasiMha thaa| donoMkI rAma-lakSmaNa-sI jor3I thii| eka bAra ve mauke sAtha upAzraya gaye, vahAM guruvarake muMhase bhaktAmara sunA / yazavantako usI kSaNa yAda ho gyaa| usa samaya saMskRta to dUra, unhone gujarAtI bhI par3hanA zurU nahIM kI thii| bAlakakI isa adbhuta smaraNa zaktikA paricaya sabase pahale mAMko prApta huaa| unhone tIna dinase anna-jala grahaNa nahI kiyA thaa| tIna varSAke kAraNa ve bhaktAmara nahIM suna sakI thI, ataH bhojana kaise krtii| bAlaka yazavantako jaba yaha vidita huA, to usane turanta hI mAMko bhaktAmara sunA diyaa| uccAraNa zuddha thaa| mAM usa bAlakameM alaukika vyaktitvakA AbhAsa pA skii| varSAke rukanepara unhoMne yaha saba guruvarako sunAyA, aura bAta havAkI taraha bahate-bahate ahamadAbAda phuNcii| vahAM prasiddha hIrIzvarajIke caturtha paTTadhara paM0 nayavijayajIne sunii| unhone prayAsa kiyaa| saphala hue| pariNAmasvarUpa ve vi0 saM0 1688 meM bAlaka yazavantako, usake mAM-bApakI svIkRtike sAtha dIkSA de sake / aba ve yazovijaya ho gye| paM0 nayavijayajI prAkRta, saMskRta, gujarAtI, vyAkaraNa, koza, jyotiSa Adi vidyAoMme pAraMgata the| unake sAnnidhyameM yazovijayakA vidyAdhyayana prArambha huaa| ve pratibhAzAlI to the hI, zIghra hI vyutpanna hone lge| eka bAra ahamadAbAdameM unhoMne aSTAvadhAna kiye / unakI adbhuta smaraNa zakti aura prakhara buddhise prabhAvita hokara seTha dhanajI sUrAne do sahasra cAMdIkI donAra, unake ucca adhyayanake lie pradAna kii| ve vArANaso gaye aura vahA~ke sarvotkRSTa vidvAn bhaTTAcAryajIse SaDdarzanakA pArAyaNa kiyaa| tIna varSa uparAnta vahA~se cale aaye| phira vi. saM0 1703-1707 taka cAra varSa AgaremeM kisI nyAyAcAryake pAsa karkaza tarka grantha pddh'e| yaha samajhameM nahIM A pAtA ki unhoMne tIna varSa uparAnta hI banArasa kyoM chor3a diyA, aura AgaremeM vaha kauna-sA nyAyAcArya thA, jisase unhoMne tarka-pranya pddh'e| kyA vaha vidvAn banArasake vidvAnoMse adhika jJAnI thA? avazya hI yazo. vijaya-jaise pratibhAzAlI chAtrane tIna varSameM 'SaDdarzana' kA sUkSma adhyayana kara liyA hogaa| kintu jaina nyAyake tala-sparzI vivecanakI kSudhA unheM AgarA le AyI hogii| usa samaya vahAM digambara sampradAyake aneka paNDita rahate the| jaina nyAyake kSetrameM unako vidvattA asandigdha thI / unase prabhAvita hokara hI paM0 banArasIdAsa digambara 1. bhakathAnaka, bambaI, 1657 I0, prastAvanA, pR0 10 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya bana sake the| pANDe rUpacandajI tihunA sAhuke mandiramai Thahare hI rahate the / 'aSTa sahasrI' jaina digambara nyAyakA duruha grantha hai| yazovijayajI umapara eka uttama TIkA likhane meM samartha ho sake / ho sakatA hai ki unhoMne isakA adhyayana Agareme kiyA ho / agAdha vidvattAke sAtha lauTe yazovijayajI / gujarAta to isI pratIkSAmeM thaa| ahamadAbAdake sUbedAra mahAvatakhAMne apane darabArame unakA zAnadAra sammAna kiyaa| vahAM unhone apanI vidvattA aura smaraNazaktike paricAyaka aThAraha avadhAna prastuta kiye / saba prabhAvita hue aura yuvAsAdhuke gIta gAye jAne lge| ahamadAbAdame hI vi0 saM0 1718 me unhe 'upAdhyAya' padase vibhUSita kiyA gyaa| vi0 saM0 1719 se 1743 takakA samaya unake sAhitya-majanakA kAla thaa| unhoMne tIna sau granthoMkA nirmANa kiyaa| saMskRta, prAkRta, gujarAtI aura hindIpara unakA samAnAdhikAra thaa| unhoMne inhI cAra bhASAome likhA, jamakara likhA / isase bhAratIya darzana aura sAhityake vidyArthI sadaiva anuprANita rhege| ___ yazovijayajIkA svargavAsa vi0 saM0 1743me 'DabhoI nAmake nagarame huaa| Aja bhI vahAM chaha jaina mandira aura do pAThazAlAeM hai| usa samaya isakA nAma darbhAvatI thaa| yaha lATa dezako pramukha nagariyome ginI jAtI thii| prasiddha nyAyavettA zrI devasUrijI aura zrI municandra sUrIzvarajIkA janma isI nagarIme huA thaa| prasiddha mantrI vastupAlane yahA~ eka sImAdurga bhI banavAyA thaa| paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI DabhoIko yazovijayajIkA janma-sthala mAnate rhe| aba yaha mAnyatA khaNDita ho cukI hai| yazovijayajI pUrNa brahmacarya, saccI sAdhutA, agAdha pANDitya aura gauravake sAtha lagabhaga 65 varSa jIvita rhe| zrImad hemacandrAcArya ke uparAnta bhAratIya dharA eka bAra phira prakANDa vidvattAke tejase gauravAnvita ho uThI thii| sAhitya-sRjana unake dvArA racita tIna sau granthokA paricaya denA na to sambhava hai aura na prasaMgAnumodita / unhoMne mukhya rUpase tarka aura Agamapara likhA / kintu vyAkaraNa, chanda, alaMkAra aura kAvyake kSetrame bhI unakI gati apratihata thii| unhoMne TIkAe~ aura bhASya likhe| aneka maulika kRtiyokA bhI nirmANa kiyaa| uname 'khaNDanakhaNDakhAdya'-jaise grantha unakI painI vidvattAke mAnastambha hai / 1. Aja bhI yaha, dakSiNa-pUrva relve lAinapara, bar3audAse 16 mIla dUra sthita eka sTezana hai| isakI AbAdI tIsa hajAra hai| 2. paM0 nAthUrAma premI, hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, bambaI, san 1917 I0, pR062| 26

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202 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi ___ "jaina bhakti-kAvyako pRSThabhUmi' kI bhUmikAme likhA jA cukA hai ki jaina AcArya kevala dArzanika hI nahIM hote the, ve kucha-na-kucha bhaktisambandhI sAhitya bhI racate avazya the| zrI yazovijayajIne gujarAtIme aneka stavana, sajjhAya, gIta aura vandanAoMkA nirmANa kiyA hai / banArasa aura Agareme rahaneke kAraNa hindIpara bhI unakA acchA adhikAra thaa| unakA 'jasavilAsa' hindIkA prasiddha kAvya hai / isake atirikta 'Anandaghana aSTapadI', 'digpaTa 84 bola' aura 'sAgya zataka' bhI unakI hindIkI hI kRtiyA~ haiN| jasavilAsa yaha kAvya, 'majjhAya, pada ane stavana saMgraha' nAmake mudrita saMkalanameM chapA hai| iname 75 muktaka pada hai / sabhI jinendrako bhaktise sambandhita hai / ekame likhA hai ki bhakta jyoMhI prabhuke dhyAnameM magna huA ki usakI samUcI duvidhA pala-mAtrame naSTa ho gyii| bhaktako ArAdhyakI niSThAmeM, hari-hara aura brahmAko nidhiyAM bhI tuccha dikhAI detI haiN| bhakta to aba apane prabhuko akSaya nidhikA svAmI hai| usake rasake Age use aura koI rasa bhAtA hI nahIM, "hama magana bhaye prabhu dhyAna meN| visara gaI duvidhA tana-mana kI, acirA suta guna gAna meM / hari-hara-brahma-purandara kI ridhi, zrAvata nahiM kou mAna meN| cidAnanda kI mauja macI hai, samatA rasa ke pAna meM // itane dina tUM nAhiM pichAnyo, janma gaMvAyo ajAna meM / aba to adhikArI hai baiThe, prabhu guna akhaya khajAna meM // gaI dInatA samI hamArI, prabhu tujha samakita dAna meM / prabhu guna anubhava ke rasa Age, Avata nahiM ko dhyAna meM // " Anandaghana aSTapadI isameM hindoke jaina santa AnandaghanakI stuti kI gayI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki upAdhyAya yazovijaya aura AnandaghanajIkI bheMTa huI thii| Anandaghana sadaiva adhyAtmarasameM magna rahate the / ve kabhI jaMgaloMmeM ghUmate aura kabhI guphAome yogasAdhanA krte| jana-samparkame zAyada hI kabhI Ate / jaba Ate to subodha aura surucipUrNa zailome upadeza dete / avadhUta-se isa sAdhukI bAta zrImad yazovijayajIne bhI sunI thI / ve unase milanA cAhate the| eka bAra arbuda kSetrake samIpastha gAMvame 1. bhAnandadhana padasaMgrahameM pR0 164 para chapa cukI hai| yaha saMgraha adhyAtmazAna prasAraka maNDala, bambaIse vi0 saM0 1966 meM prakAzita huA thA /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 203 yazovijayajI vyAkhyAna de rahe the| usa sabhAma eka ora udAsIna-sA vRddha sAdhu baiThA thA / ve Anandaghana the| unase bheMTa huI / yazovijayajI isa bhAMti prabhAvita hue ki apaneko roka na sake / aTapadI unake bhAvodgAroMkA sahI pratIka hai / yazovijaya jisa adhyAtmarasake paNDina the, vaha hI AnandaghanakI anubhUtiyome gaharA utarA thA / Anandadhana 'adhyAtmarasa' hI the| yaha hI to kAraNa thA ki yazovijaya-jaisA vidvAn inheM dekha bhAva-vimugdha ho utthaa| unakI saMgatise yazovijayame bhI adhyAtmarasakI lahareM uThane lagI thii| imIko unhoMne likhA hai ki 'pArasa'kI saMgatise lohA bhI 'svarNa' ho jAtA hai, "Anandadhana ke saMga sujala ho mile jaba, tava Anandasama bhayo sujasa / pArasa saMga lohA jo pharasata, kaMcana hota hI tAke kasa // khIra nIra jo mila rahe Ananda,jasa sumati sakhI ke maMga bhayo hai eka rs| bhava khapAi, sujasa vilAsa bhaye siddhasvarUpa lIye ghasamasa // " Anandaghana mArgame calate-calate gA uThate the| unake mukhapara lokase nyArA rUpa sadaiva barasatA rahatA thaa| ve kabhI sumati sakhIse dUra nahIM hote / unase milakara yazovijayako gauravakA anubhava huA, "mAraga calata-calata gAta, Anandavana pyAre, rahata Ananda bharapUra / / tAko sarUpa bhUpa nihu~ loka the nyAro, barakhata mukha para nUra // sumati sakhI ke saMga, nitanita dorata, kabahuM na hota hI dUra // jazavijaya kahe suno Anandadhana, hama tuma mile hujUra // " Anandaghanako pahacAnaneke lie apane cittake bhItara bhI usI AnandakI anubhUti honI caahie| Anandadhana Anandake hI bane hai| ve Anandaka akSaya khajAne hai| unhone 'sahaja alakhapada' ke sukhakA anubhava kiyA hai| Anandaghanake sahI darzanake lie isI bhAvabhUmi taka uThanA hogA, "Ananda kI gata Anandaghana jANe // vAi sukha sahaja acala alakha pada, vA mukha sujasa bakhAne // sujasa vilAsa jaba pragaTe Anandarasa, mAnanda akhaya khajAne / aisI dazA jaba pragaTe citta aMtara, sohi Anandadhana pichAne // " dikpaTa caurAsI bole ___ yaha racanA paM0 hemarAjajIke "sitapaTa caurAsI bola' kA khaNDana karane ke 1. rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthoM kI khoja, bhAga 4, udayapura, san 1954, pR0 136 /

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204 hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi lie likhI gayI thii| yahAM paM0 sukhalAlajIkA yaha abhimata ki "upAdhyAyajI the pakke jaina aura zvetAmbara / " ThIka hI pratIta hotA hai unhone 'adhyAtma-mata khaNDana' meM bhI digambara mAnyatAkA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| yadi upAdhyAyajI isa zvetAmbara-digambarake Upara uTha pAte to AcArya hemacandrase bhI bar3e siddha hote| AjakA yuga samanvayavAdI hai / usame upAdhyAyajIkA sthAna nirdhArita karate samaya yaha hI eka 'aTakAva' banA rhegaa| ___ 'dikpaTa caurAsI bola' kI eka hastalikhita prati 19vI zatAbdIko likhI huI abhaya jainagranthAlaya bIkAnera meM maujUda hai| isame 161 padya hai| prArambhika padya isa prakAra hai, "suguNadhyAna zumadhyAna, dAna vidhi parama prakAzaka / suvaTa mAna pramAna, Ana jasa mugati abhyAsaka // kumata vRnda tama kanda, canda paridvandva nikAzaka / kacia manda makaranda, santa Ananda vikAsaka // yaza vacana rucira gaMbhAra nije, digapaTa kapaTa kuThAra sama / jina vardhamAna soI vaMdiya, vimala jyoti pUraNa parama // " sAmyazataka isame 105 padya hai| yaha zrI vijayasiMhasUrike 'sAmyazataka'ko AdhAra mAnakara muni hemavijayake lie racA gayA thaa| isakI eka hastalikhita prati uparyukta granthAlayameM hI saMkalita hai| Adi aura antake do padya dekhie, Adi, "samatA gaMgA maganatA, udAsInatA jAta / cidAnanda jayavanta ho, kevala bhAnu pramAta // " anta, "mAvana jAkU tattva mana, ho samatA rasa lIna / jyuM pragaTe tujha sAhaba sukha, anubhava gabhya ahIna // " 57. mahAtmA Anandaghana (janma vi0 saM0 1680, mRtyu vi0 saM0 1745) Anandadhana eka jaina sAdhu the| kintu yaha nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ve tapAgacchake the athavA kharataragacchake / unako svayaM gacchoMse koI mamatva nahIM 1. vahI, pR01|

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya thA / zAyada isI kAraNa usakA kahIM ullekha nahIM hai / unhoMne apane pArivArika jIvanake viSaya meM kiMcinmAtra bhI izArA nahIM kiyA hai / ve sacce adhyAtmavAdI the, ataH unhoMne AtmAkA sambandha hI saccA mAnA aura usIkA varNana kiyA / unako prazaMsA meM likhI gayI yazovijayajIkI 'aSTapadI' upalabdha hai, kintu vaha bhI unake AdhyAtmika guNoM kA varNana karake cupa ho jAtI hai / itanA avazya vidita hai ki unakA dUsarA nAma lAbhAnanda thA / zrI ke0 ema0 jhAverIne unako lAbhavijaya bhI kahA hai| 205 abhItaka unake mUla nivAsa sthAnakA bhI patA nahIM laga sakA hai / kucha logone vibhinna kalpanAe~ kI hai| gujarAtIke prasiddha lekhaka zrI manasukhalAla rajavI bhAI mehatAne bahuta dina pUrva Anandaghanapara eka 40-42 pRSThakA nibandha likhA thA / unakI bhASAko AdhAra banAkara mehatAjIne bhASA-viveka zAstrakI dRSTise anumAna kiyA thA ki ve amuka-amuka prAntome ghUme hoge aura amuka prAntake vAsI hoge / unakI kalpanAke anusAra Anandavana bhI gujarAtake rahanevAle the / AcArya kSitimohana senane isakA khaNDana karate hue unako rAjapUtAnekA siddha kiyA hai / unakI dRSTise geya padoMkI bhASAko AdhAra banAkara kisI vyaktike mUla dezakA nirdhAraNa nahI kiyA jA sakatA / gAnevAloke mukhasAnnidhyase geya pada badala jAte hai aura unameM kucha vilakSaNatA A hI jAtI hai| zrI AnandaghanajIne apanA antima samaya mer3atA nagarame vyatIta kiyA thA, jo pazcimI rAjapUtAneme avasthita hai / unakI vANiyokI khyAti bhI rAjapUtAne me hI adhika phailI / AnandaghanakA samaya to lagabhaga nizcita-sA hI hai / meDatA nagarame hI yazovijayajIse unakA sAkSAtkAra huA thA / yazovijayajI itane adhika prabhAvita hue ki unakI prazaMsA 'aSTapadI' kA nirmANa kiyA / yazovijayajIkA janma saMvat 1680 aura svargavAsa saM0 1745 meM huA thA / dabhoInagarame unake samAdhi-sthAnapara yaha mRtyu savat likhA huA hai / ataH yaha pramANita hai ki AnandaghanajI ina * 1. zrI ke0 ema0 jhAverI, mAilasTonsa ina gujarAtI liTarecara, pRSTha 136 // 2. AcAryaM citimohana sena, jaina-maramI zrAnandaghanakA kAvya, vINA, aMka 1, navambara 1638, pRSTha 6-7 // 3. yaha aSTapadI zrAnandaghana - aSTapadIke nAmase sajjhAya, para ane saMgraha meM sabase pahale prakAzita huI thii| aba to buddhisAgarajI ke Anandaghana pada saMgrahameM bhI chapI hai| 4. jaina stotra sandoha, prathama bhAga, muni caturavijaya dvArA sampAdita, prastAvanA, pR0 60-101 /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi do saMvoMke vIcame avazya hI maujUda rahe hoge| AcArya kSitimohana senane thI yazovijayako AdhAra mAnakara hI likhA hai, "mer3atA nagarame Anandaghanake sAya yazovijayajIne kucha samaya bitAyA thA, isalie ye dono hI samasAmayika the| Anandaghana kucha umarame baDe ho sakate hai| ataeva sambhava hai ki 1615 I0 maM0 1672 ke Asa-pAsa unakA janma aura 1675 I0 sa0 1732 ke lagabhaga dehAvasAna huA ho / banArasa vizva vidyAlayake paNDita vizvanAthaprasAda mizrane bhI isI AdhArapara unako 1700 vi0 saM0 ke Ama-pAsakA mAnA hai| yaha saca hai ki unake viSayame koI nizcita tithi to nahIM dI jA sakatI, kintu ve sattarahavI zatAbdIke antima aura aThArahavIke prathama pAdame avazya maujUda the, yaha nizcita hai| ___ Anandaghana eka udAra hRdayake vyakti the| yadyapi unakI zikSA-dIkSA jainadharmame huI thI aura jainattrake prati unakI pragADha zraddhA bhI thI, kintu unhone jainadharmake usa dambha aura pAkhaNDavAle pahalUko kabhI svIkAra nahIM kiyA jo antima zrutakevalIke uparAnta zanai:-zanaiH puSTa hotA hI calA A rahA thaa| jina saMkucita sImAoko tor3ane ke lie eka bAra jainadharmane krAnti kI thI, unhIma vaha svayaM Abaddha ho gayA thaa| Anandaghana unase nikalakara bAhara jA khar3e hue| AcArya kSitimohana senake kathanAnusAra unapara madhya yugake 'maramiyA sahajavAda'kA vizeSa prabhAva par3A / yaha saca hai ki unake bhAva kabIra, dAdU aura rajjava Adise milate hai, kintu yaha bhI saca hai ki ve banArasIke adhyAtmavAdase atyadhika prabhAvita the| 'Anandadhana bahattarI' unhI AdhyAtmika bhAvose otaprota hai, jo banArasIdAsakI dena thii| isameM koI pramANa nahIM hai ki ve "sAdhu veza tyAga karake maramI bhaktoke samAna dIrgha aMgAvaraNa pahanA karate aura sitAra, dilarubA prabhRti yatI-janavivajita vAdya-yantra lekara ghUmA karate the| yadyapi unake vicAra veza-bhUSAke samarthaname nahI the, kintu isase yaha pramANita nahI hotA ki ve jaina sAdhukI veza-bhUSA tyAga1. AcArya kSitimohana sena, jaina-maramI AnandadhanakA kAvya, vINA, aMka 1, navambara 2638, pR08| 2. vizvanAthaprasAda mizra, ghanAnanda kavitta, bhUmikA, pR0 15 / 3. zrI nAthUrAma premIne kuMarapAla-cauraDiyAke vi0 saM0 1684-1685 ke likhe hue eka guTakeke AdhArapara AnandadhanakA samaya 17vI zatAbdIkA madhya bhAga mAnA hai| unhoMne aneka toMke AdhArapara yazovijaya aura AnandadhanakI bheMTako bhI mithyA siddha kiyA hai| arddhakathAnaka, bambaI, pR0 116-117 / 4. prAcArya ghitimohana senakA upayukta lekha, voNyA, navambara 1938, pR0 8 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya kara maramI-bhaktako dhAraNa karate the| veza-bhUSA dono hI hai aura merI dRSTime unhoMne donoM ko hI khilAfata ko / eka yanI jJAnasAgara hue hai, jinakI TokAse yaha spaSTa hai ki ve jaina sAdhuke vezame hI rahate the| uttaramadhyakAlame Anandaghana, ghanAnanda aura Ananda nAmake kaI kavi hue haiN| uname-se sujAnavAle ghanAnanda aura jaina Anandaghanako AcArya kSinimohana senane 'jaina marmI Anandadhana' vAle lekhame eka hI pramANita kiyA hai| zAyada AcAryajIkA yaha anumAna zivasiMha seMgarake 'saroja' me ghanAnandake lie nirdhArita saM. 1715 para AdhArita hai, jo aba galata pramANita ho cukA hai| AcArya paM. vizvanAthaprasAda mizrane unakA samaya aThArahavI zatAbdIkA antima pAda aneka pramANose siddha kiyA hai / yadyapi donoke vicAroMme kaho-kahI bahuta sAmya hai, kintu phira bhI ghanAnandane 'sajAna' ko kabhI nahI choDA. jaba ki Anandaghanane isa zabda takakA prayoga zAyada hI kahI kiyA ho| eka tIsare Anandaghana nandagAMvake the, jinakA sAkSAtkAra zrI caitanyadevajIse huA thA / ataH unakA samaya solahavIM zatAbdIkA uttarArddha ThaharatA hai, aura ve uparyukta donoMse pRthak the| eka cauthe Ananda aura hue hai, jinhone kAma-vijJAnapara 'koka maMjaro'kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| bahuta dino taka inako aura ghanAnandako eka hI mAnA jAtA rahA, kintu aba unakA pRthaktva spaSTa ho gayA hai / AnandaghanakI racanAe~ ___ inakI do racanAeM haiM, eka to 'caubIsI' aura dUsarI 'Anandaghana bahattarI 'caubIsI' gujarAtIme hai aura 'bahattarI' hindiimeN| caubIsIme caubIsa stotra haiM, jo caubIsa tIrthaMkaroMkI stutimeM race gaye the| isake racanA-kAlapara vicAra karate hue paNDita vizvanAthaprasAda mizrane 'adhyAtmavAdI Anandaghana ane zrI yazovijaya' nAmake lekhakA AdhAra lekara likhA hai ki "unakI caubIsIkI kaI paMktiyAM sarvazrI samayasundara / saM0 1672 / jirAjamUri / saM0 1678 / sakalacandra / saM0 1640 aura prIti vimala / saM0 1671 / ke jina stavanAdi granthome Aye caraNoMse milatI 1. 'Ajakala' jUna san 1948 I0 meM paM0 vizvanAthaprasAda mizrakA lekha, Anandaghana kA nidhana saMvat, pR0 12, aura ghanAnanda kavitta, prastAvanA, pR0 181 2. kA0 nA0 pra0 patrikA, varSa 53, aMka 1 meM paM0 vizvanAthaprasAda mizrakA lekha. nandagA~vake zrAnandadhana, pRSTha 46 / 3. DaoNkTara griyarsanakA di maoNDarna varnAkyUlara liTarecara oNva hindustAna, pRSTha 62, saMkhyA 347 /

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208 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi haiM, isase caubImIkA samaya saM0 1678 ke anantara ho ThaharatA hai| kintu isase koI nizcita tithi vidita nahIM ho sakI / zrI ke0 ema0 jhAverone apane 'mAila sTonma ina gujarAtI liTarecara meM spaSTa rUpame isakA racanA saMvat 1687 diyA hai| isapara zrI yanovijayajI upAdhyAya, jJAnavimalasUri aura jJAnasArane pRthakpRthak 'bAlAvabodha TabAkI racanA kI thii| yazovijayajIne jisa mUla pratiko liyA, usame kevala 22 stavana the, kintu jJAnavimalasUri aura jJAnasArako pratiyoMme 24 mtavana the, aura unhoMne una sabapara TabAkI racanA kii| yaha caubIsI pichale TabAmahita 'caubIma stavana Anandaghana caubIsI' nAmase zrAvaka bhImasiMha mANikake yahA~se prakAzita ho cukI hai| . Anandaghana bahattarI ___yaha hindIko prasiddha racanA hai / yadyapi gujarAtI prakAzanoMne usako bhASAko gujarAtIme DhAlanekA prayAsa kiyA hai, kintu usakA mUla rUpa chipa nahIM sakA, aura Aja vaha bar3e-bar3e vidvAnoMkI dRSTime bhI hindIkI hI kRti hai| isake anekoM prakAzana ho cuke hai / savat 1944 meM yaha bambaIke zrAvaka zrI bhImasiMha mANikake yahA~se prakAzita huI / isameM 106 pada haiM, aura koI bhUmikA athavA TIkA-TippaNI nahIM hai / dUsarA prakAzana zrIyut motIcanda giradharalAla kApar3iyA solosiTarake mampAdaname 'mAnandaghana padyaratnAvalI, prathama bhAga' ke nAmase, jaina dharma prasAraka mamA bhAvanagara' se huaa| isame bahattarIke kevala 50 padyoMpara vivecana kiyA hai / zrI buddhisAgarajIke bRhad vivecanake sAtha 'Anandaghanapada-saMgraha' adhyAtma jJAna prasAraka maNDala bambaIse prakAzita huA hai| yaha eka sundara grantha hai / aura AnandaghanajIke padokA bhAvArtha vistArame samajhAyA gayA hai| bahuta dina pUrva rAyacanda kAvyamAlAse bho eka 'Anandadhana bahattarI' chapI thii| isameM 107 padya hai| racanAke zIrSakase spaSTa hai ki isa kRtime 72 yA kucha adhika pada hone cAhie, kintu isakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki ve 100 se bhI adhika ho jaayeN| phira to usakA nAma zataka par3a jaayegaa| 'Anandadhana bahattarI' ke 107 padoMpara Apatti uThAte hue paM0 nAthUrAmajI premIne likhA hai, "jAna par3atA hai, isameM bahuta-se pada boroMke milA diye gaye hai| thor3A hI parizrama karanese hameM mAlUma huA hai ki isakA 42 vA pada 'aba hama amara bhaye na mareMge' aura antakA pada 'tuma jJAna vimI phUlI basaMta' ye donoM dyAnatarAyajoke haiN| isI taraha jAMca karanese auroMkA 1. kA0 nA0 50 patrikA, varSa 53, aMka 1 meM paM0 vizvanAthaprasAda mizrakA lekha, 'nandagA~vake bhAnandavana', pR0 48 |

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 209 bhI patA cala sakatA hai / "" isakI baDhI huI saMkhyAko AcArya kSitimohana senane bhI sandehakI dRSTise dekhA hai / merI dRSTime zrI mahArAja vuddhisAgarajIkA 'Anandaghana pada- saMgraha' upayukta racanA hai / isakA racanA saM0 1705 svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / 'mizrabandhu vinoda' meM bhI yaha ho racanAkAla diyA gayA hai| yaha aThArahavI zatAbdI ke prathama pAdakI kRti hai / 3 bhakti viSaya AnandaghanajIke jame hue vicAra the| lau, usakA viziSTa guNa mAnA hai, mana kahI bhI jAye, kintu usakI lo bhagavAnke caraNoMme ho lagI rahe, tabhI vaha bhakti hai anyathA nahI / kavine umIko vividha aura sundara dRSTAntose puSTa kiyA hai, "aise jina caraNa cita pada lAUM re manA, aise arihaMta ke guNa gAUM re manA / udara bharaNa ke kAraNe re gauvAM bana meM jAya, cArau carai cahu~ disi phirai, bAkI surata bacharubhA mA~ya // " arthAt jisa prakAra udara bharaNake lie gaue~ vaname jAtI hai, ghAsa caratI haiM aura cAroM ora phiratI hai, parantu unakA mana apane bachar3oMme lagA rahatA hai / Thoka isI prakAra saMsArake saba kAma karate hue bhI hamArA mana bhagavAnke caraNoMmeM lagA rahe aura arihaMtake guNa gAtA rahe, tabhI vaha bhakta hai / "sAta pA~ca saheliyA~ re hila mila pANIr3e jAya~ / tAlI diye khala khala ha~se, vAkI surata gagarubhA mAya~ // " saheliyA~ hila-milakara pAnI bharaneke lie tAlAba yA kue~para jAtI hai / rAste tAlI bajAtI hai aura ha~satI-khelatI bhI hai, kintu unakA dhyAna sirake ghar3epara hI lagA rahatA hai| ThIka isI bhA~ti saMsArake anya kAma karate hue bhI hamArA mana bhagavAnme lagA rahanA cAhie / "naTavA nAca cauka meM re, loka karai lakha zora / bA~sa grahI barate car3he, bAkau cita na calai kahu~ Thora // ' naTa bAMsa lekara rassI para car3hatA hai aura usapara apanA uttama nRtya dikhAtA hai, jisakI kuzalatA dekhakara loga zora-gula macAte haiN| idhara-udhara dekhate hue bhI 1. hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, pAdaTippaNI, pR0 61 / 2. AcArya kSitimohana senakA uparyukta lekha, pR0 4 3. mizrabandhu vinoda, bhAga 2, saMkhyA 344 1, pR0 428-26 / 4. Anandadhana pada saMgraha, zrImad buddhisAgarakRta gujarAtI bhAvArthasahita, adhyAtmajJAna prasAraka maNDala, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1966, pada 65, pR0 413- 415 / 27

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210 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi usakA dhyAna rassIpara hI rahatA hai| vaise hI saMsArake bIca yaza-prazaMsA sunate hue bhI hamArA mana sadaiva prabhu me hI tallIna rahanA cAhie / bhakti-sAhityameM 'laghutA-pradarzana' bhaktakA mukhya guNa mAnA jAtA hai| Anandaghanako laghutAmeM hRdaya ramA hai aura isI kAraNa usame dUsaroko vibhora banA denekI zakti hai / bhakta eka premikAkI bhAMti apane ArAdhyake Aneko pratIkSA karatA hai aura becaina hokara pukAra uThatA hai, "maiM rAta-dina tumhArI pratIkSA karatA hU~, patA nahIM tuma ghara kaba aaoge| tumhAre lie mere samAna lAkhoM hai, kintu mere lie to tuma akele hI ho / joharI lAlakA mola kara sakatA hai, kintu merA lAla to amUlya hai| jisake samAna koI nahI, bhalA usakA kyA mUlya ho sakatA hai ? ima bhAvake do padya dekhie, "nizadina jou~ tArI vATaDI, ghare Avo re ddholaa| muja sarikhA tuja lAla hai, mere tuhIM amolA // niza0 // 1 // javharI mola kare lAla kA, merA lAla amolaa| jyA ke paTantara ko nahIM, usakA kyA molA // niza0 // 2 // " AnandadhanakA udAra bhAva thA / ve eka akhaNDa satyake pujArI the| usako koI rAma, rahIma, mahAdeva aura pArasanAtha kucha bhI kahe, Anandadhanako isameM koI Apatti nahIM thii| unakA kathana thA ki jisa prakAra miTTI eka hokara bhI pAtra-bhedase aneka nAmo-dvArA kahI jAtI hai, usI prakAra eka akhaNDa-rUpa AtmAme vibhinna kalpanAoMke kAraNa aneka nAmokI kalpanA kara lI jAtI hai| unhoMne apane isa kathanako rAma, rahIma, kRSNa, mahAdeva, brahma aura pArzvanAthake nAmoMkI vyutpattiyoMse sArthaka banAyA hai| vaha padya isa prakAra hai, "rAma kaho, rahamAna kaho koU, kAna kaho mahAdeva rii| pArasanAtha kaho, koI brahmA, sakala brahma svayameva rI // bhAjana bheda kahAvata nAnA, eka mRttikA ruuprii| taise khaNDa kalpanA ropita, Apa akhaNDa sarUpa rI // raam0|| nijapada smai rAma so kahie, rahima kare rahimAna rii| karSe karama kAna so kahie, mahAdeva nirvANa rI // rAma0 // parase rUpa pArasa so kahie, brahma cihne so brahma ro| ihavidhi sAdho Apa Anandaghana, cetanamaya niSkarma rI // raam0||" AtmAkA anubhava eka phUlakI tarahase hai, jisameM se bAsa to uThatI hai, kintu use nAka grahaNa nahIM kara paatii| nAka sthUla hai aura vaha sugandhita divya tathA

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jaina makta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 211 alaukika hai, ata. use sUMghaneko sAmarthya nAkameM nahIM hai| aura yadi koI bhuktabhogI usakA varNana kare to usapara kAna vizvAsa nahIM karate / "Atama anumava phUla kI, kou navelI rIti / / nAka na pakarai vAsanA, kAna gahai na prIti // " bhakta vahI jo bhagavAnkA hokara rahe / yahA~ Anandadhana bhI apane ArAdhyadeva brajanAthake hAthoM bika gaye hai| unako brajanAthake atirikta aura koI aisA deva dRSTigocara nahI huA, jisakI zaraName ve jA sakeM, "brajanAtha se sunAthaviNa, hAtho hAtha bikaayo| vicako kou jana kRpAla, sarana najara na Ayo // braja0 // 1 // " bhakta premikA banakara bhagavAnkI zaraName AyA hai| use isa prakAra Aneme kisIkA koI bhaya nahI hai / vaha bhagavAnse prArthanA karatA hai ki he bhagavan ! yaha nizcaya jAno ki yadyapi maine karor3o aparAdha kiye hai, kintu yaha jana ApakA hI hai, ataH usapara kRpA karo, "maiM AyI prabhu sarana tumhArI, lAgata nAhiM dhako / bhujana uThAya kahuM aurana sUM, karahuMja kara hI sako // aparAdhi citta ThAna jagata jana, korika mAMti cako / Anandaghanaprabhu nihacai mAno, iha jana rAvarautha ko // " 58. jagajIvana (vi0 saM0 1001) jagajIvanake pitAkA nAma sanghavI abhayarAja thaa| ve Agareke prasiddha dhanI vyakti the| ahaMkAra nAma-mAtrako bho na thaa| dAnAdi hotA hI rahatA thaa| koI bhI sAdhu-saMnyAsI, kisI bhI sampradAyakA ho, unake dvArase khAlI hAtha nahI lauttaa| unake pAsa vaibhava thA aura udAratA bhii| unakI aneka striyoMme 'mohana de saMghaina' adhika prasiddha thI, usako jaisA rUpa milA thA vaise hI guNa bhii| bhagavAn jinendrake mArgame usako zraddhA bahuta adhika thii| usIke garbhase jagajIvana 1. nagara bAgare me AravAla AgarI, garagagauta Agare me nAgara nabalasA / saMgahI prasiddha abhairAja rAjamAna nIke, paMca bAlA nalini me bhayo hai kaMvala sA / /

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212 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi kA janma huaa| vaha samrAT jahA~gIrakA zAsanakAla thaa| cAroM ora sukha-zAnti virAjamAna thii| jagajIvanakA kula agravAla aura gotra garga kahalAtA hai| zreSTha zikSA aura mAMka prabhAvase jagajIvana jina-mArgame sudRDha to hue hI, vidvAn bhI bana gye| cAro ora unakI yaza-sugandhi vikoNita hone lgii| unhone svayaM likhA hai, "samai joga pAi jagajIvana vikhyAta bhayau, jJAninakI maNDalome jisako vikAsa hai|" usa samaya AgarekI jJAniyoko maNDalIme jagajIvana pramukha vyakti the| dUsarI ora ke rAjanItima bhI dakSa the| jApharakhAM nAmake kisI prasiddha umarAvane unhe apanA mantrI niyukta kiyA thaa|' ve banArasIdAmake paramabhakta the| unakI bikharI racanAoko vanArasIvilAsame saMkalita karanekA mahattvapUrNa kArya unhone hI kiyA thaa| isake atirikta unhone banArasIdAsake 'nATaka samayasAra'kI TIkA bhI likhI thii| isa bhAMti 'banArasI-sAhitya' ko amara aura loka-priya banAneme jagajIvanakA bahuta bar3A hAtha rahA hai| unakI maulika racanAoMme unake aneko pada liye jA sakate hai, jo sarasa hai tathA bhAva-pravaNa bhii| unhoMne 'ekIbhAva stotra' kI bhI racanA kI thii| pada ___inake race hue pada jayapura badhIcandajIke mandirame virAjamAna guTakA naM0 29me saMkalita hai / isa guTakekA lekhanakAla saM0 1841 hai| isa guTakeko pratilipi sAMgAnerake santoSarAma ajamerAne kI thii| ekIbhAva stotra ___ isako eka prati jayapurake Tholiyoke di0 jaina mandirake guTakA naM0 111meM nibaddha hai / vAdirAjake saMskRta ekIbhAva stotrako AdhAra mAnakara isakA nirmANa huA hai / racanAme sarasatA hai| tAke parasiddha laghu mohanadaM saMghaini, jAke jina-mArga virAjata dhvl-saa| tAhI ko supUta jagajIvana sudir3ha jaina, banArasI baina jAke hiya me sabala sA // banArasI vilAsa, saMgrahakartA paricaya, pR0 241, jayapura, 1654 I0 / 1. tAko pUta bhayo jagamAnI, jagajIvana jinmaargmaanii| jApharakhAM ke kAja saMbhAre, bhayA divAna ujAgara sAre // 5 // paM0 hIrAnanda, paMcAstikAya ttiikaa| 2. rAjasthAnake jaina zAstra-bhaNDAroMkI grantha sUcI, bhAga 3, pRSTha 120 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 213 unakA racanAkAla aThArahavI zatAbdIkA prathama pAda mAnanA cAhie / unhone saMvat 1701 me 'banArasI vilAsa' kA saMgraha kiyA thA / jagajIvanakA vyaktitva asAdhAraNa thA / unakI preraNAse hI anekAneka kaviyoMne anupama sAhityakA sRjana kiyA / unakI preraNA eka jAdU-sA hotA thA / paNDita horAnandajI kevala do mAha paMcAstikAyakA anuvAda kara sake, vaha kevala inhIkI preraNAkA phala thA / usa samaya zrI jagajIvana AgarekI sAhityika gatividhiyoMke kendrase ho rahe the / ve rUpavAn, pavitra aura dhana-dhAnyase yukta the / samaya pAkara unake hRdayameM yathArtha dharmakA bhAva udita huA / phira to unheM rAta aura dina jJAna maNDalImeM hI caina milane lagA / isa maNDalIkA pradhAna unhIko kahanA cAhie / 'ekIbhAva stotra' me bhagavAnkI bhaktikA svara hI prabala hai / kavine eka padyame likhA hai ki jinendradeva sakala lokake bhagavAn hai aura binA prayojanake bandhu hai / uname saba padArtha AbhAsita hote rahate hai aura vilAsa abandha rUpase vAsa karate haiM, " sakala loka kA tUM bhagavAna, binA prayojana bandhu samAna / sakala padAratha mAsaka bhAsa, to maiM vasai ghabandha vilAsa // " kavikA kathana hai ki jisake hRdayame bhagavAn jinendra deva virAjamAna hai, usake lie aba kisI upakArakI AvazyakatA nahI hai | usane AtmArUpI nidhi prApta kara lo hai, jisakI tulanA meM anya koI nidhi A hI nahIM sakatI / vaha anupama aura atula hai, pada " jAke hiye kamala jinadeva, dhyAnAhUta virAjita eva / tAkai kauna rahyo upagAra, nija Atama nidhi pAI sAra // " jagajIvana ke pada aneka zAstra bhaNDAroMko hastalikhita pratiyoMme bikhare par3e hai / jayapurake terahapanthI mandirame sabase adhika haiN| maine mahAvIrajI ( atizaya kSetra ), ajamera aura bar3otake zAstra bhaNDAroMmeM bhI unake pada dekhe hai / unake padoM bhakti aura AdhyAtmikatAkA samanvaya huA hai / bhaktake nainoMme base bhagavAnke rUpakI eka jhalaka dekhie, 1. sundara subhaga rUpa abhirAma parama punIta gharama dhana dhAma // kAla-labadhi kArana rasa pAi, jagyo jathAratha anubhau Ai / gyAna maNDalI kahie kauna, jAmai gyAnI jana paranona // ekIbhAva stotra, padya 81-82 |

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214 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi "mUrati zrI jinadeva kI mere nainana mAMjha basI jii| adbhuta rUpa anopama hai chavi rAga doSa na tanaka sI // 1 // koTi madana vArUM yA chavi para nirakhi nirakhi Ananda jhara brsii| jagajIvana prabhukI suni vANI surati mukati magadarasI // 2 // " bhagavAnkI 'samatArasa bhInI chavi' dekhakara bhaktako parama Ananda milaa| usake bhava-bhavake pApa kaTa gaye aura jJAna-bhAnukA prakAza prApta ho gayA / vaha pada isa bhAMti hai, "prabhu jI zrAji maiM sukha pAyo / adhanAzana chavi samatArasa monIso lakhi maiM haraSAyo ||prbhujii0||1|| bhava-mavake mujhi pApa kaTe haiM, jJAna mAna darasAyo |||prbhujii0||2|| jagajIvana ke mAga jage haiM, tuma pada sIsa navAyo ||prbhujii0||3||" bhagavAnakA virada hai 'dInabandhu' aura dInabandhu bhI binA prayojanake / bhaktakA nivedana hai ki usa viradakA nirvAha karo, "jAmaNa maraNa miTAvI jI, mahArAja mhAro jAmaNa maraNa ||ttek|| bhramata phirayo cahu~gati dukha pAyo so hI cAla chur3Avo jiijaamnn01|| binahIM prayojana dInabandhu tuma so hI virada nivAho jI ||jaamnn0 // 2 // jagajIvana prabhu tuma sukhadAyaka, mokU zivasukha dyAvo jii||jaamnn0||3||" bhakta aise satagurukI balihArI jAtA hai, jo dhyAnastha hokara alakhase lo lagAye rahatA hai| "aisA sataguru kI balihArI ||ttek|| bar3a ujAr3a meM baiThaka jinakI palaka na eka biDArI / moha mahA bhari jIte paka meM lAgI alakha sU taarii||aisaa0||1|| 59. pANDe hemarAja (vi0 saM0 1703-1730) ___ pANDe hemarAja jayapura rAjyAntargata sAMgAnerame utpanna hue the, kintu kisI kAraNavaza kAmAgar3ha jAkara rahane lage the| vahAM kIrtisiMha nAmakA rAjA rAjya 1. terahapanthI mandira, jayapura, padasaMgraha 646, patra 61 / 2. mandira terahapanthI, jayapura, padasaMgraha 646, patra 63-64 / 3. vahI, patra 60 // 4. vahI, patra 62 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 115 karatA thA / usake khaDgako painI dhArase durjanoMke sira kaTa-kaTakara gira jAte the / pANDe hemarAja paNDita rUpacandajI ke ziSya the, jaisA ki unakI 'paMcAstikAya bhASA vacanikA' ke antima aMzase spaSTa hai / unhone apane guruke pAsa rahakara, jaina siddhAnta - zAstrokA sUkSma adhyayana kiyA aura thor3e hI samaya me agAdha vidvattA prApta kara lI / saMskRta aura prAkRta vidvAn hote hue bhI, unhone jo kucha likhA hindI meM hI likhA / hindI gadya lekhaka aura kavi donoM hI rUpome unakI pratiSThA thI / unhoMne 'pravacanasAra' kI bhASA TIkA vi0 saM0 1709 meM, 'paramAtma prakAza kI vi0 saM0 1716 meM, 'gommaTasAra karmakANDa' kI vi0 saM0 1717 me, 'paMcAstikAya' kI 1721 me aura 'nayacakra' kI bhASA TIkA vi0 saM0 1726 meM likhI / ina sabhI meM hemarAjake svastha gadyake darzana hote haiM / pANDe hemarAja kavi bhI uttama koTike the| unhoMne 'pravacanasAra' kA padyAnuvAda bhI kiyA hai| isake atirikta unhone 'sitapaTa caurAsI bola' kI racanA kuMarapAlajIkI preraNA se kI thI / isIke uttarame yazovijayajIne 'dikpaTa caurAsI bola' likhA thA / mAnatuMga ke 'bhaktAmara stotra' kA sundara padyAnuvAda inhIkA kiyA huA hai | anuvAda hote hue bhI usame 'maulika kAvya' kI sarasatA hai / 'hitopadeza bAvanI', 'upadeza dohA zataka' aura 'guru-pUjA' bhI unhIko kRtiyAM hai| isase pramANita hai ki ve apane samayameM vidvAn aura kavi donoM hI rUpome prasiddha the / unakI kavitAoMpara spaSTa rUpase 'vANArasiyA sampradAya' kA prabhAva thA / 1. upajI sAMgAneri ko, aba kAmAMgar3ha vAsa / vahA~ hema dohA race, sva-para buddhi parakAsa // kAmAMgar3ha basa jahA~, kIratisiMha naresa / apane khaDga bala basi kiye, durjana jitake dema // upadeza dohA zataka, dohA 68-66, dIvAna badhIcandajIkA mandira, guTakA naM0 17, veSTana naM 0 636 | 2. " yaha zrI rUpacanda guruke prasAda zrI pANDe zrI hemarAjane apanI buddhi mAphika likhata kInA / " paMcAstikAya bhASA TIkA, antima prazasti / 3. isameM patha saMkhyA 438 hai / isakI hastalikhita prati jayapurake badhIcandajIke mandirameM, veSTana naM0 718 meM nibaddha hai / 4. hemarAja pANDe kiye, bola curAsI phera / yA vigha hama bhASA vacana, tAko mata kiya jera // yazovijayajI, dikpaTa caurAsI bola, 156vA~ padya /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi kavi bulAkIdAsake 'pANDava purANa' vi0 sa0 1754 se spaSTa hai ki bulAkodAsako mAnA 'jainulade' athavA 'jaino', pANDe hemarAjakI putrI thii| unhIke anusAra pANDe hemarAjakA gotra garga aura jAti agravAla thii|' sitapaTa caurAsI bola yaha abhItaka aprakAzita hai| isakI eka hastalikhita prati jayapurake paM0 lUNakarajIke mandirame virAjamAna guTakA naM0 157meM nibaddha hai| isa guTakekA lekhanakAla vi0 sa0 1784 hai| isako eka anya prati isI mandirake veSTana naM. 441 me pRyakse baMdhI rakhI hai| isa pratikA lekhana kAla pauSa sudI 5 vi0 saM0 1723 diyA hai| ___'sitapaTa caurAsI bola' se vidita hai ki usako kavitA utkRSTa koTikI thii| eka padya dekhie, "sunayapoSa hatadoSa, moSamukha sivapadadAyaka, gunamanikoSa sughoSa, roSahara toSavidhAyaka / eka ananta sarUpa santavandita aminandita, nija sumAva para bhAva bhAvi mAseha amaMdina aviditacaritra vilasita amita, sarva milita avilipta tana, avicalita kalita nijarasa lalita, jaya jina dalita su kalila dhana // " upadeza dohA zataka ___ 'upadeza dohA zataka'kI racanA vi0 saM01725 meM kAttika sudI paMcamIko huI thii| isa kAnyakI hastalikhita prati dIvAna badhIcandajIke mandira jayapurake guTakA naM0 17 aura veSTana naM0 636meM nibaddha hai / isako bhAvadhArA santakaviyose milatI-julatI hai| vAhya saMsArame Izvarako DhUMr3hanevAle jIvako phaTakArate hue kavine eka sthAnapara likhA hai ki are o jIva ! tU andhekI bhAMti usako sthAna-sthAnapara kyoM khojatAphiratA hai / vaha niraMjana deva to tere ghaTameM hI basA hai, vahAM kyoM nahIM khojatA, 1. hemarAja paNDita base, tisI mAgare ThAi / maraga gota guna AgarI, saba pUje jisa paai|| bulAkIdAsa, pANDavapurANa bhASA, antima prazasti / 2. ardhakathAnaka, pR0 107 /

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jaina makta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya "Thaura aura sodhata phirata, kAhe aMdha abeva / tere hI ghaTa meM bamo, sadA niraMjana deva // "' kavine santa kaviyokI bhAMti hI kahA ki - zuddhAtamake anubhava ke binA tIrtha kSetroMmeM snAna karanA, mUMr3a muMDAnA aura tapa tapanA sabhI kucha vyartha hai| "siva sAdhana kauM jAniyai anumau bar3o ilaaj| mUDha salila maMjana karata sarata na eko kAma // 5 // koTi barasa lauM dhoiye aThasaTha tIratha niir| sadA apAvana hI rahai madirA kumma sarIra // 30 // tajyau na parigaha sauM mamata mivyau na viSa vilAsa / are mUMDha sira muMDi ke kyoM na chAnyo gharabAsa // 9 // koTi janama lauM tapa tapai mana baca kAya sameta / suddhAtama anubhau binA kyoM pAnai sivaSeta // 18 // " hitopadeza bAvanI ise 'akSara bAvanI' bhI kahate haiN| isameM hindI varNamAlAke 52 akSaroMme se pratyekapara eka-eka padyako racanA kI gayI hai| isakI eka hastalikhita prati jayapurake bar3e mandirake veSTana naM0 2222 meM nibaddha hai| usapara lekhanakAla saM0 1757 par3A hai| yaha prati vinayasAgara gaNike ziSya paM0 vinodasAgarane yazarUpa devIke par3haneke lie rUpanagarame likhI thii| bAvanIkA bhakti-bhAvase bharA eka savaiyA dekhie, "mana mero umagyau jina guNa gAyabo, TAlata hai garbhavAsa sivapura dIyai vAsa chA~Di kai jiNaMdadeva aura khaadhyaaybo| tana mana lAgo toya kachu na suhAce moya saba duMda dUri kari tosuM cita lAyabo / sakala sAhiba mero pragaTa pratApa tero dona ko dayAla pAyo saba sukha paaybo| hemarAja maNaI muni surAgeM sajana jana mana mero umagyau hai jiNa guNa gAyavo // 3 // " hindI-bhaktAmara Ajase 25 varSa pUrva yaha stotra, paM0 pannAlAlajI bAkalIvAla-dvArA sampAdita 'bRhajjinavANI saMgraha me chapA thaa| abhI 'jJAnapIThapUjAMjali' meM bhI prakAzita huA 1. vahI, 25vA~ dohaa| 2. saMvat 1757 mitI vaizAkha sudI 11 dine guruvAsare lekhyostuH| zrI vinayasAgara gaNi ziSya paM0 vinodasAgareNa lekhayostuH, rUpanagaramadhye, bahUjI yazarUpadevI vAcanArtha-lekhayAmi / / prazasti, pR0 12 / 28

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218 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi hai| isa bhaktAmarakI prazamA karate hue paM0 nAthUrAmajI premone likhA hai, anuvAda sundara hai aura isakA khUba hI pracAra hai / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki hemarAjajI kavi bhI acche the|" mUla saMskRtakA bhaktAmara zArdUlavikrIDita chandome likhA gayA hai, kintu pANDe hemarAjane caugAI, chapnaya, nArAca aura dohokA prayoga kiyA hai| caupAImeM kucha kliSTatA to hai, kintu usame sundaratAme koI vighAta nahI A pAyA hai| eka sthAnapara kavine likhA hai ki bhagavAnke nAmame asIma bala hai| jina zatruoMke pracaNDa balako dekhakara dhairya vilupta ho jAtA hai, ve bhagavAnkA nAma lene mAtrase hI aise bhAga jAte haiM, jaise dinakarake udayase andhakAra vilupta ho jAtA hai, "rAjana ko paracaMDa dekha bala dhIraja chIjai // nAtha tihAre nAma ta so chinamAhiM palAya / jyoM dinakara parakAza te aMdhakAra vinazAya // "" ArAdhyake sammukha apanI laghutAkA pradarzana bhaktikA mukhya aMga hai| eka sthAnapara bhakta hAtha jor3akara kahatA hai ki he bhagavan ! zakti-hIna hote hue bhI, bhakti-bhAvake kAraNa ApakI stuti kara rahA hU~, Thoka vaise hI jaise koI mRgI balahIna hote hue bhI, apane putrakI rakSAke lie mRgapatike sammukha calI jAtI hai, "so maiM zakti hIna thuni karU~, maki bhAva vaza kachu nahiM ddruuN| jyo mRgi nija-suta pAlana heta, mRgapati sanmukha jAya aceta // " bhaktako yaha pUrA vizvAsa hai ki bhagavAnakI zaraName jAnese janma-janmake pApa kSaNa-mAtrame naSTa ho jAte haiM, "tuma jasa japata jana chinamAhiM, janama-janama ke pApa nshaahiN| jyauM ravi ugai phaTai tatakAla, ali vata nIla nizA-tama-jAla // " guru-pUjA pANDe hemarAjako likhI huI 'guru-pUjA' jaina-paramparAke anusAra hI racI gayI hai| arthAt pahale aSTa dravyapUjA hai aura phira jymaalaa| yaha paM0 pannAlAla bAkalIvAla dvArA sampAdita 'bRhajjinavANI saMgraha me saMkalita hai| dIpakase pUjA karate hue pUjaka kahatA hai ki maiM jagamagAte dIpakase suguruke caraNokI sadaiva pUjA karatA huuN| isase ajJAnarUpI andhakAra naSTa ho jAyegA, aura 1. hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, pR0 52 / 2. pANDe hemarAja, bhaktAmara bhASA, 42vA~ SaTpada, dRjjinavANI saMgraha, madanagaMja, kizanagaDha, sitambara 1656, pR0 201 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya jJAnarUpI ujAlA phaila jAyegA / isa bhA~ti mujhe kabhI bhI moha mohita na kara sakegA / hamAre guru saMsArake bhogose virakta hokara moake lie tapasyA hai / ve bhI bhagavAn jinendrake guNokA nitya prati jApa karate hai, kara rahe " dIpaka udIta sajota jagamaga sugurupada pUjoM sadA / tamanAza jJAna ujAsa svAmI, mohi moha na hI kadA // bhava bhoga tana vairAgyadhAra, nihAra ziva pada tapata haiN| tihu~ jagatanAtha adhAra sAdhu su, pUja nita guna japana haiM / ' 'paMcaparameSThI' kA sAdhu hI guru hai| muni bhI usIkA nAma hai| ve rAga-dveSako dUra kara dayAkA pAlana karate hai / tIno loka unake sAmane prakaTa rahate hai / ve cAroM ArAdhanAoke samUha hai / ve durddharpa paMca mahAvratoko vAraNa karate hai aura chahoM dravyoMko jAnate haiN| unakA mana sAta bhagoke pAlaname lagA rahatA hai aura unheM ATho kRtiyA~ prApta ho jAtI hai, " eka dayA pAleM munirAjA, rAga dveSa haiM haranaparaM / atri loka pragaTa saba dekheM, cAroM zrArAdhana nikara || paMca mahAvrata duddhara dhArai, chahoM daratra jAneM suhitaM / sAta maMgavAnI mana lAvaiM, pAvaiM ATha Rddhi ucitaM // " nemi rAjamati jakhar3I isakI eka hastalikhita prati, jayapurake badhIcandajIke mandirame, 124 meM aMkita hai / isakA antima bhAga isa prakAra hai, "tIsa dina aru, nirAdhAra jI / hema maNe jIna jAniye / te pAvai bhava pAra jI / " 219 guTakA naM0 rohiNI vrata kathA isakI hastalikhita prati, masajida khajUra behalIke jaina mandirameM maujUda hai| 1. guru-pUjA, padya 6 / 2. guru-pUjAkI jayamAlA, padya 3 60 paM0 manoharadAsa ( vi0 saM0 1705 - 1728 ) inakA dUsarA nAma manoharalAla bhI hai| inhoMne kavinAme prAyaH 'manohara' kA prayoga kiyA hai / ye khaNDelavAla jAtike sonI gotrame utpanna hue the / kabhI inake pUrvajoMne jaina saMgha nikAlA hogA, isa kAraNa unako mUla-saMtrI bhI kahA jAtA hai /

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220 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi ye sAMgAnerake rahanevAle the kintu 'karmake udaya tai' dhAmapurame Akara rahane lage the| dhAmapura eka ramaNIka sthAna thA, jisake cAroM ora bAg2a-bagIcokI prAkRtika chaTA bikharI huI thii| unameM koyala paMcamarAgase kUkatI hI rahatI thii| kUpa, bAvalI aura pokharI nirmala jalase bharI huI thii| kamalinI vikasita thI, jinapara bhramara guMjAra karate the| vahA~ manoharadAsa seTha, 'AsU' ke Azrayame rahate the| vaha nagara-seTha kahalAtA thaa| lakSmIkI usapara apAra kRpA thI, vaisA hI use dAna denekA udAra hRdaya bhI milA thaa| eka bAra banArasakA prasiddha seTha pratisAgara pApaka udayase daridra ho gyaa| vaha ayodhyA AyA kintu ayodhyAke seThane use 'AsU ke pAsa bheja diyaa| usane vipula dAna dekara pratisAgarako apanI barAbarIkA karake punaH banArasa vApasa bheja diyaa| aise dAnI aura udAra seThako pAkara manoharadAsa bhI kRtakRtya the| kintu unakI racanAoMpara seThajIkI icchAkI koI chApa nahI hai, ve saba svAntaHsukhAya hI likhI gayI hai| manoharadAsame vinamratAkA bhAtra mukhya thA, unhone apanI vidyA, buddhi aura kavi-pratibhAkA kabhI ahaMkAra nahIM kiyaa| unakI kRtiyose prakaTa hai ki ve ucca koTike vidvAn aura acche kavi the| kintu unhoMne sadaiva yaha hI kahA, 'mai vyAkaraNa, chanda aura alaMkAra Adi kucha bhI nahI jaantaa| merI buddhi tuccha hai, aura mujhe bhale-burekA bhI jJAna nahIM hai| jinendrakI duhAI dekara kahatA hU~ ki mujhe to kevala bhagavAn 1. kavitA manohara khaNDelavAla sonI jAti, mUla saMghI mUla jAko sAMgAnera vAsa hai / karma ke udaya te dhAmapura meM vasata bhayau, sabaso milApa puni sajjana ko dAsa hai // hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, pRSTha 67 / 2. dharmaparIkSA, prazasti, prazasti maMgraha, jayapura, pRSTha 225 / 3. vahI, pR0 225 / 4. vArANasI seTha pratisAgara pRthvI prasiddha koTika ko dhanI tAkai pApa udai Ayo tho| sadana sau nisi ajodhyA ko gamana kInI ajodhyA ke seTha uha uddhima karAveM tho|| AnI barAbari ko kari nAnA bhAMti setI dekara bar3AI nija thAna ko paThAyo yo| jaise hama AsU sAha rAkhai nija bAMha deke kahai 'manohara' hama puni jogya pAyau tho|| vahI, pRSTha 225-26 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 221 jinakI hI Asa hai|' 'jinakI duhAI jAkai jina hI kI Asa hai' meM kavitva hai, aura bhakti bhii| dharma-parIkSA isakI racanA saM0 1705meM dhAmapurame huI thii| kavine Agareke rAvata sAlivAhaNa, hisArake jagadatta mizra aura dhAmapurake hI paNDita gegurAjase preraNA pAkara isakI racanA kii| yaha AcArya amitagatikI 'dharmaparIkSA'kA bhASAnuvAda hai| isa granthame 3000 padya hai| uname bhaktikA bhAva hI mukhya hai / AcArya amitagatike mUla granthame bhI bhakti hI pradhAna hai| isakI aneka pratiyAM vividha bhaNDArome surakSita hai| unhone 'dharma-parIkSA'me dohA, soraThA, savaiyA aura chappayakA vizeSa rUpase prayoga kiyA hai / Arambhika maMgalAcaraNa dekhie, "pramaNu arihaMtadeva guru niragraMtha dayA dharama / ___ bhavadadhi tArana eva avara sakala mithyAta maNi // " 'dharma-parIkSA'ko eka hastalikhita prati di0 jaina mandira bar3otake veSTana naM. 272 guTakA naM0 57 me saMkalita hai| yaha pratilipi premacandane vi0 saM0 1832 me kI thii| kavine eka padyame likhA hai ki parama brahmako chor3akara anya mArga apanAnA vyartha hai / vaha padya isa prakAra hai| "sarva deva nita nave, sarva mikSaka guru mAneM / sarva sAsatari par3heM, dharma teM dharma na jAne / sarva tIratha phira Avai, parama brahma kauM chor3i prAna mAraga kauM dhyA / iha prakAra jo nara rahai, isI bhA~ti sobhA lahaiM / acarija putra vezyA taNau, kahA~ bApa kAsauM kahaiM / / 1 // " 1. vyAkaraNa chaMda alaMkAra kachu paDhyau nAhi, bhASA meM nipuna tuccha buddhi ko prakAsa hai| bAI dAhinI kacha samajhai saMtoSa lIya jinakI duhAI jAkai jina hI kI Asa hai / / hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, pRSTha 67 / 2. vahI, pRSTha 67 / 3. prazastisaMgraha, jayapura, pR0 226 / 4. sumuni amitagati jAna sahasakItti pUrva khii| yA mai budhi pramAna bhASA kInI jori ke| vahI pRSTha 225 /

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hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi isI bhAMti kavine eka dUsare padyame likhA hai ki yadi koI durjana isa bhavasamudrase pAra utaranA cAhatA hai, to usake lie sivA jinendrako duhAIka anya koI Alambana nahI hai / 222 " bAridhi ke tariba ko bohita vidhAna kiyAM, saratA utarane kI naukA banAI hai| tama ke nasAve ko dIpakasya bhAra gharI, roga ke nasAve kauM USada banAI hai // dhArAdhara ghUsane ko maMdara aTArI goma, asubha so rASave kI kini subha pAI hai / aisi vidhi durajanake uta biharabe kI, udagata bhayo jinakI duhAI hai // 3 // " jJAna cintAmaNi ina ka vyakI racanA saMvat 1028 mAha mudI 7 bhRguvArako burahAnapurame huI thii| inakI eka prati saM0 1824, ApADha vadI 10 ko likhI huI abhaya jaina granthAlaya, bIkAnerame maujUda hai| isakI prati guTakAkAra hai aura isameM kula vIsa panne hai / unapara 129 padya aMkita hai| dUsarI prati pacAyatI mandira dahalIke zAstrabhaNDArame rakhI huI hai| isameM kula 8 panne hai / usapara racanA saMvat 1728 par3A huA hai| isakI eka hastalikhita prati dIvAna badhIcandake mandira, jayapurake veSTana naM0 1017, guTakA naM0 51 me nibaddha hai / uname 18 doharA, 52 gAthAeM aura 58 caupAI hai / isakA viSaya 'adhyAtma se sambandhita haiM, kintu mAnavako mUlavRttiyoke sAhacarya se usakI zuSkatAkA parihAra huA hai| jJAnakI pradhAnatA hote hue bhI yaha spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki jJAna bhakti se hI upalabdha ho sakatA hai / vaha dohA isa prakAra hai, 1. aisI jAna jJAna mana gharo niramala mana paramAratha karo / saMvat 1728 mAhI mudI maptamo bhRguvAra kahAI // 123 // nagara burahAnapura khAna deza mAhI, mumArakha purA base guNagrAha / ghaneM zrAvaka baseM vikhyAta, sadA dharama kareM dina rAta ||124 || bIkAneravAlI pratikA anna, rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthoMkI khIja, caturtha bhAga, pRSTha 131 / 2. anekAnta varSa 4, kiraNa 10, pRSTha 562 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya "zrI Adi jina samaratAM, hiradai zrAyo jJAna | brahma suthAnika meM kahau, likhyau dharama varu dhyAna // 126 // jIvakI mUrkhatAkA varNana karate hue kavine likhA hai ki yaha jIva guruke vacanoko to sunatA nahI, dina aura rAta pApa karatA hai, viSaya-viSame maMlagna hai / dharmakA marma bhI nahI jAnatA / "guru kA vacana suNai nahiM kAna, nisi dina pApa karai ajJAna / viSayA viSa sUM raci paci rahayau, dhyAna dharma ko marama na lahathau // 35 // " yauvana ke Anepara yaha jIva madamatta hAthIkI bhA~ti jhUma uThatA hai, bhagavAnkA 223 bhajana nahIM karatA / mastI me hI usakA jIvana bItatA rahatA hai, "mari jovana hUvo maimaMta, bhajo nahIM kevala bhagavaMta / hares dina i vidhi gayA, tIsa barasa kA jiva nara mayA // 36 // " cintAmaNimAna bAvanI isakI eka hastalikhita prati dIvAna vadhIcandajIkA mandira jayapura ke guTakA naM0 8 nibaddha hai / yaha guTakA vi0 saM0 1727, Asoja sudI 14 kA likhA huA hai / isa pratime kula 20 padya hai / isakI eka dUsarI prati isI mandira ke guTakA naM0 27 me saMkalita hai / isame 53 padya hai aura vaha eka pUrNa prati hai / 'cintAmaNimAna bAvanI' eka mahattvapUrNa racanA hai / isake katipaya padyoM meM rahasyavAdI rUpakokA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai| bhaktikA svara nirguNavAdI santose milatA-julatA hai / tanake madhya me rahanevAle alakha niraMjanake dhyAnakI bAta unhoMne bhI kahI hai, " dha saba juga kahai ma Na koi lahaMta, aSu niraMjana jJAnamaya ihi tanu madhya rahaMta | jaga hai marmma nara thor3A bujhai, brahma basai tanu madhya mohapaTala haNavi suSa maya / maku guru kerA vacana ehu kajjala kari maMjana, hridaya kamala je naya sumati aMguli kiNa aMjana | jima moha paTala phaTTai sayala dviSTi prakAsa phuraMta ati, zrImAnu kahai mati aglauM ho dharmaM pichANa Na ehu gati // 35 // " sugurusIpa isakI eka prati usI mandirake guTakA naM0 lipiko sAha harIdAmane likhA thaa| isakI eka 161 me nibaddha hai / isa pratidUmarI prati vi0 saM0 1832

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hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi kI likhI huI di0 jaina mandira baDautake guTakA naM0 54, veSTana naM0 272 meM saMkalita hai | isameM kevala 11 padya hai / isame jIvako saMsArase virakta karanekI preraNA dI gayI hai / katipaya padya dekhie, " dina dina Ava ghaTe hai re lAla, 224 jyoM aMjalI kau nIra mana mAhiM lA re / kayo jAya Thokara lai re lAla, thiratA nahIM saMsAra mana mAhiM kA re // sI suguru kI mAni lai re lAka // 6 // bAla paNa poyo SyAla mai re lAla, jvAMNa paNa unamAna mana mAhiM kA re / bRbha paNa sakati ghaTI re lAla, kari kari nAnA raMgi mana mAhiM lA re // sISa0 // 6 // samakita syoM parayau karo re lAla, mithyA saMgi nivAri mana mAhiM kA re / jyoM suSa pAvai ati ghaNAM re lAla, manohara hai vicAra mana mAhiM kA re // sISa // 11 // " guNa ThANA gIta yaha gIta dIvAna badhIcandajIke mandira, jayapurake guTakA naM0 27 me pR0 314 para nibaddha hai / isameM 17 padya haiM, jo parama cidAnandakI bhaktimeM likhe gaye hai / unameM se eka isa prakAra hai, "parama cidAnanda sampada pada dharA, ananta guNAkara zaMkara zivakarA / zivakarAe zrI siddha sundara gAuM guNa gaNa ThANae, bima mokSa saukhye sukha sAdhu kevala NANa pramANa e / zubhacandrasUri pada kamala yugalaI, madhupatrata manohara dharae, ita zrI vardhamAna brahma eha bANi bhayIyaNa sukhakara e // " 1707 lAlacanda labdhodaya ( vi0 saM0 inhoMne apanI racanAoMmeM prAyaH 'labdhodaya' kA prayoga kiyA hai| yaha inakA upanAma pratIta hotA hai / vaise lAlacanda nAmake kaI jaina kavi ho gaye haiM, jinameM se 7 )

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya lAlacanda vinodI aura lAlacanda lAbhavarddhana to bahuta hI prasiddha hai| inameM se prathamakA ullekha ho cukA hai, dUsare kharataragacchIya jaina yati the, jinakI gaNanA pratiSTha vidvAnome kI jAtI hai / unakI ATha prasiddha racanAokA vivecana zrI agaracandajI nAhaTAne kiyA hai| inakA racanAkAla saM0 1723 se 1770 taka mAnA jAtA hai| lAlacanda labdhodaya mevAr3ake rAjA jagatasiMhake Azrayame rahate the / jaganasiMhakA rAjyakAla saM0 1685 se saM0 1709 taka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / lAlacandakI prasiddha racanA 'padminI carita' kA nirmANa saM0 1707 me huA thA / yaha bhI kharataragacchIya the| inakI guru-paramparA jinamANikyasUri, vinayamamudra, harpavilAsa, jJAnasamudra aura jJAnarAjamaNike rUpameM svIkAra kI gayI hai| inhoMne apane guru jJAnarAjamaNikA atyadhika zraddhApUrvaka smaraNa kiyA hai / unako 'sAdhuziromaNi' aura 'sakala vidyA bhUSita' kahA hai / " labdhodayakI vidvattA viSayameM to kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kintu itanA spaSTa hai ki prabandhakAvyoMkI racanAmeM ve nipuNa the / yadyapi 'malaya sundarI caupaI' ke antame inako 'vyAkaraNatarka sAhitya, chandakovida, alaMkAra rasa jANa jI' kahA gayA hai, kintu etat sambandhI unako koI racanA upalabdha nahI hotI / 'padminI caritra', 'malayasundarI caupaI' aura 'guNAvalI cauparDa' nAmase inakI tIna racanAe~ upalabdha huI hai| inameM se 'padminI caritra' prabandha-kAvya, 'malayasundarI caupaI' khaNDa-kAvya aura 'guNAvalI caupaI' eka choTA-sA kathA-kAvya kahA jA sakatA hai / tInoM sarasatA hai / alaMkAra aura chandoMkA bhI samucita prayoga huA hai| 225 padminI caritra 5 kharataragacchake sUrIzvara jinaraMgake prasiddha zrAvaka haMsarAjakI preraNAse isa racanAkA nirmANa vi0 saM0 1707 caitra zuklA 15 zanivAra ke dina huA thA / isakI cAra pratiyoMkA ullekha 'jaina gurjara kavio' meM huA hai / ve kramaza saM0 1. rAjasthAnameM hindI ke hastalikhita granthoMkI khoja, dvitIya bhAga, pR0 156 2. kA0 nA0 pra0 patrikAkA pandrahavA~ traivArSika vivaraNa, saMkhyA 131 / 3. jaina gurjara kavioo bhAga 2, pRSTha 134 / 4. sAdhu mIromaNI sakala vidyAguNa sobhatAre, vAcaka zrIjJAnarAja, tAma prasAdaI sIlanaNA guNa mathuNyAre zrI labdhodaya hitakAja / vahI, pRSTha 137, 15vaoN padya / 5. vahI, pR0 134 / 6. vahI, pR0 138 / 29

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226 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi 1761, 1771, 1773 aura 1837 ko likhI huI hai| eka vaha prati hai jisakA saMkSipta paricaya kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikAke pandrahaveM traivArSika vivaraName saMkhyA 131 para aMkita hai| yaha prati gokula, jilA mathurAke paNDita mayAzaMkara adhikArIke pAsa hai| isakA lipikAla saM0 1757 diyA huA hai| isame rAjA ratanasena aura padmAvatIkI kathA hai| kucha ghaTanAkramake atirikta yaha samUcI kathA jAyasIke padmAvatase milatI-julatI hai| isako bhI 'kAlpanika' aura 'aitihAsika' aise do bhAgoMme bAMTA jA sakatA hai / 'kAlpanika' kathAnakame hIrAmana totekA prayoga nahIM huA hai| ratanasenane anya upAyoMse padminIke saundaryako sunA hai| ratanasenakI rAnIkA nAma bhI nAgamatI na hokara prabhAvatI hai| use rUpameM rambhAke samAna kahA gayA hai| eka bAra rAjAne acchA bhojana na bananekI zikAyata kI, jisapara prabhAvatIne krodhita hokara padminI nArIke sAtha vivAha karanekI bAta kahI, jo svAdiSTa bhojana banAnemeM nipuNa huA karatI hai| rAjAne bhI aisI nAroko prApta kara prabhAvatIke gumAnako naSTa karanekI pratijJA kii| vaha aughar3anAtha siddhako kRpAse bhayAnaka samudroko pAra karatA huA siMhalameM pahuMcA, aura vahA~ke rAjAko apanI vIratAse prasanna kara usakI putrI padmAvatIke sAtha vivAha kara, chaha mAha bAda cittauDagar3hameM vApasa A gyaa| isa kathAnakame kalpanAe~ to hai, kintu unameM vaisI asambhavanIyatA nahIM A pAyI hai jaisI ki 'padmAvata' me pAyI jAtI hai| yaha kathAnaka mAnava jIvanake adhika nikaTa hai| aitihAsika bhAga vaisA hI hai, kintu yahAM rAghava aura cetana nAmake do paNDita haiM, jo ratanasenase aprasanna hokara alAuddInake darabArame rahane lge| unhoMne svayaM padmAvatIke rUpakA varNana bAdazAhase nahIM kiyA, apitu eka toteke muMhase karavAyA 1. paTarANI padmAvatI rUpa rambha samAna / dekhata surI na kinnarI asI nAri na Ana // kA0 nA0 pra0pa0, pandrahavA~ traivArSika vivaraNa, saMkhyA 131 / 2. taba lar3akI bolo tise jI, rANI manakari raas| nArI ANI kAna bhIjI, dayo mata jhUTho dosa / / hane kelavI jANA nahI jI, kisu karIja bAda / padmAkI kA paraNare navIjI, jima bhojana hai svAda / / 3. rANe to hU~ ratanasI paraNu padamani nAri bho sAto bole munheM je maiM rASo bhAja paraNuM turaNI padaminI gAluM tujha gumAna /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 227 hai / kaMkaNa dikhAkara kaMkaNavAlIko agAdha rUpa-rAzikA anumAna karavAneme adhika svAbhAvikatA nahI hai / antameM alAuddInakA AkramaNa, yuddha aura ratanasenakA bandI honA Adi saba kucha vaisA hI varNana hai / isa kathAke prArambhame hI diyA huA maMgalAcaraNa hai jisame bhagavAn jinendrakI bhakti prabala hai / "zrI AdIsara prathama jina, jagapati jyoti sarUpa / nirabhaya padavAsI namUM, akala ananta anUpa // caraNa kamala citasuM namUM caubIsa mo jiNa canda | suSadAika sevaka bhaNI, sAMco surataru kanda // suprasanna sArada sAmiNI, hojyo mAta hajUra / budhi dIjo mu jana bahota, pragaTa vacana paMDUra | kavine isa kathAko nau rasomeM likhA hai, kintu usame vIra aura zRMgAra hI pradhAna hai / isIkI ghoSaNA karate hue kavine kahA, "sarasa kathA navarasa sahita, vIra zrRMgAra vizeSa / kahisyuM kavita kallolasu, pUraba kathA saMkhepa // ' una rasome-se vIra-rasakA eka dRSTAnta dekhie, "sUra kahAveM sumaTa sahU aparNe zrapaNe manna, dADaM par3he duSa uddhare teha kahiI dhanna dhanna / sAmidharama bAdala samau, hUbha na koI hoi, judhi jIto dillI ghaNI, kuLa ujiyAlyA doya / rANojI choDAviyA, rANI padamiNi rASI, bIruda bar3o SATyo vasu, subhaTAM rASi sASi / caTTana rAja citroko, kIdho bAdala vIra, navakhaMDe yasa vistaryo, svAmI dharamI raNadhIra // guru-bhaktikA eka dohA nimna prakArase hai, " jJAtA dAtA jJAnaghana, jJAnarAja guru rAja, tAsa prasAda thakI kahu, satI carita siratAja / " malayasundarI caupaI' isakA ullekha zrI desAIjIne 'jaina gurjarakavio me kiyA hai| isakA nirmANa saM0 1743 ghanaterasa ke dina huA thA / 1. jaina gurjara kavioo, khaNDa 2, bhAga 3, pRSTha 1185-86 /

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228 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi guNAvalI caupaI isame jJAnapaMcamIkI kathA hai| isakA nirmANa saM0 1745 kArtika zuklA 10 ko udayapurame huA thaa| inakA ullekha nAhaTAjIkRta 'ninacandra sUri' ke pR0 164 para huA hai| sImandhara stavana isakI prati jayapurake Tholiyokai digambara jaina mandirake guTakA naM0 57 me saMkalita hai / isa stavanakI racanA somandhara bhagavAnkI bhaktime kI gayI hai| 62. paM0 horAnanda (vi0 saM0 1711) ye paNDita to the hI, kavi bhI acche the| inakA racanAkAla aThArahavIM zatAbdIkA prathama pAda mAnA jAtA hai| paNDita jagajIvanake samayame ye zAhajahAMnAbAdame rahate the| vidvAnome unakI gaNanA thii| jagajIvanake kahanepara unhoMne 'paMcAstikAya'kA padyAnuvAda kevala do mAhame kiyA thA / ' 'paMcAstikAya' AcArya kundakundako racI huI prAkRta bhASAko racanA hai| isame uccastarake dArzanika siddhAntoMkA vivecana hai| usakA itano zIghratAse hindI-padyame, vaha hI anuvAda kara sakatA hai, jo eka ora to prAkRta aura hindIkA samarUpase jAnakAra ho, aura dUsarI ora darzana tathA kavitvameM bhI niSNAta ho| horAnanda dArzanika the aura kavi bhii| usa samaya Agareme jJAtAokI eka maNDalI thI, jisameM saMghavI jagajIvana, paM0 hemarAja, rAmacanda, saMghI mathurAdAsa, bhavAladAsa, aura bhagavatIdAsa zAmila the| usI maNDalIme paM0 hIrAnandakA bhI nAma AtA hai| unakI racI huI cAra kRtiyoMkA paricaya nimna prakArase hai, paMcAstikAya bhASA isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1711 meM zrI jagajIvanakI preraNAse kI gayI thii| yaha grantha bahuta pahale chapA thA, aura saM0 1972 meM jainamitrake grAhakoMko upahAra 1. hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, pRSTha 60 / 2. paM0 hIrAnanda, samavazaraNa stotra, antima padya, 281-86, lUNakaraNajI pAraDyA mandira, jayapurakI hastalikhita prati, guTakA naM0 144, pRSTha 311 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 229 svarUpa bheMTa diyA gayA thA / isameM kAla-dravyako chor3akara avaziSTa pAMca- jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma aura AkAzakA nizcaya nayase varNana huA hai| jahAMnaka hindI kavitAkA sambandha hai, vaha madhyama koTikI hai| zrI nAthUgamajo premIne likhA hai ki " kavitA banArasI bhagavatIdAsa Adike samAna to nahIM hai, para burI bhI nahIM hai|" unhoMne apane isa kathana ke samarthaname do padya prastuta kiye hai, jo nimna prakAra hai, "sukha dukha dIsai bhoganA, sukha dukha rUpa na jIva | sukha dukha jAnanahAra hai, jJAna sudhArasa pIva // 321 // saMsArI saMsAra meM, karanI karai asAra / sAra rUpa jAnai nahIM, midhyApana kI TAra // 324 // " isase itanA to spaSTa hI hai ki kavitA sAdagI hai, saralatA hai aura pravAha hai| dravya saMgraha bhASA yaha prAkRta bhASAke 'dravya saMgraha' kA hindI padyAnuvAda hai| mUla granthakA nirmANa zrI nemicandrAcAryane kiyA thA, jo jainoke prasiddha grantha jIvakANDa aura karmakANDake racayitA hai / 'dravya saMgraha me chaha dravyokA varNana hai / yaha anuvAda aprakAzita hai / isakI hastalikhita prati jayapurake bar3e mandirake guTakA naM0 32 meM nibaddha hai / isa guTakekA lekhanakAla saM0 1718 mAgha vadI 9 hai / isase spaSTa hai ki yaha kRti isake pUrva hI racI gayI hogI / samavazaraNa stotra isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1701, sAvana sudI 7, budhavAra ke dina huI thii| saMghavI jagajIvanane 'saMskRtakA AdipurANa' paM0 hIrAnandako par3haneke lie diyA thA, usakI sahAyatAse unhone hindoke 'samavazaraNa stotra' kI racanA kI / isa bhA~ti yaha stotra 'nikalaMka' aura 'purANa- sammata' hai / 3 1. hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, pR0 60 / 2. eka adhika satraha sau same sAvana sudi sAtami budha rame / tA dina saba saMpUrana bhayA, samavasarana kahabata garinayA || paM0 hIrAnanda, samavazaraNa stotra, 292vaoN padya, lUNakaraNajI pANDyA mandira, jayapurakI hastalikhita prati, guTakA naM0 144, pR0 311 / 3. itanI suni jagajIvana jabai, AdipurAna maMgAyA tabai / isa dekhi tuma kaho nisaMka, hama jAne hve hai nikalaMka // 290 //

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230 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi ___isame 301 padya hai| isako pratilipi lAbhapura nAmake nagarame zrI vijaya sUrine vi saM0 1704 meM karavAyI thii| yaha prati jayapurake bar3e mandirame, veSTana naM0 1899 me nibaddha hai / eka dUsarI prati laNakaraNajI pANDayAke mandira, jayapurake guTakA naM0 144 me patra 293 se 311 taka saMkalita hai / isame samavasaraNakI zobhAkA varNana karate hue likhA hai| "ratana siSara nama maiM chavi deta, deva dekhi upajAvata heta / raMgabhUmi tini sAlA mAhiM, aisI soma aura kahuM nAhiM // 6 // tinamaiM nartata amarAMganA, hAva bhAva vidhi nATaka dhnaa| caMcala capala soma bIjulI, janu somA dhana vici UchalI // 68 // kiMnara surakara vINA liye, gAvata madhura madhura ika hiye / suNi suni mohaiM kauthalI, sAtA jina sumarai bhUvalI // 7 // " ekIbhAva-stotra yaha vAdirAjasUrike saMskRta 'ekIbhAva stotra'kA Alambana lekara likhA gayA hai| isakI pratiyAM jayapurake bar3e mandirake guTakA naM0 95, 215 aura 320 me nibaddha hai| naM0 95 vAle guTakeko pratilipi saM0 1810 kI kI huI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki isakI racanA saM0 1810 se pUrva hI huI hogii| bhUdharadAsane bhI eka 'ekIbhAva stotra' banAyA thA, kintu hIrAnandakA yaha stotra usase adhika sarala, sarasa aura pravAhapUrNa hai| 63. rAyacanda (vi0 saM0 1763) rAyacanda nAmake anekoM kavi hue haiN| mizrabandhuone eka rAyacanda nAgarakA ullekha kiyA hai, jinhoMne 'gItagovindAdarza' aura 'lIlAvatI' kI racanA kI thii| inakA racanAkAla 1700 ke lagabhaga thaa| gujarAtIme tIna rAyacanda hue haiM, jiname se 'rAyacanda pahelA' guNasAgarake ziSya the| inhone 'vijaya seTha vijayAsatI rAsa' nAmakA grantha sa0 1682 me likhA thaa| dUsare rAyacanda 19vo zatAbdIke itanA kArana lahi kari hora, maname uddima dharai gahIra / samosarana kRta racanA bheda, jathA purAna samasta niveda // 29 // vahI, pR0 311 // 1. mizrabandhu vinoda, bhAga 2, pR0 425 / 2. gurjarakavizro, prathama bhAga, pR0 514 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 231 pUrvArdhame hue the| unhone 'samAdhipacabIsI', 'gautamasvAmI rAsa', 'kalAvatI caupaI', 'mRgalekhanI caupaI', 'RSabha carita' Adi aneka sundara gujarAtI kAvyoMkI racanA kii| tIsare rAyacanda ve the, gAndhIjI jinheM apane guruke samAna pUjya samajhate the / unhone 'adhyAtmasiddhi'kI racanA kI thii| iname-se dUsare rAyacandakA ullekha agaracandajI nAhaTAne 'rAjasthAname hindIke hastalikhita granthoMkI khoja' dvitIya bhAgame bhI kiyA hai| unakI dRSTima inhI rAyacandane kalpasUtrakA hindI padyAnuvAda kiyA thaa| prakRta rAyacanda ina sabhIse bhinna hai| ve hindIke eka uccakoTike kavi the| unhoMne 'sItAcarita'ko racanA vi0 saM0 1713 me ko thii| yadyapi isa granthakA AdhAra AcArya raviSeNakA padmapurANa thA, kintu phira bhI usame anekoM sthala aise hai, jo maulika hai| bhASAme jIvana hai / sItAke caritrako pramukhatA dI gayI hai, aura usame nArIgata bhAvoMkA citraNa uttama rItise aMkita huA hai| vaise bhI kavimeM dRzyoMko upasthita karanekI sAmarthya hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kaviko bAhya aura antaH donoM hI prakRtiyoMkA sUkSma jJAna thaa| usane eka ora to mAnavake marmako pahacAnA hai aura dUsarI ora prakRtiko ramaNIyatAko aMkita kiyA hai| yadyapi isame tulasI-jaisI bhAvukatA to nahI thI, kintu gambhIratA vaisI hI thii| ___ isa mahAkAvyame 3600 padya hai / isakI eka prati zrI nayA mandirajI dharmapurA dillIke zAstrabhaNDArame 'a 32 ga' para maujUda hai| eka dUsarI prati jayapurake bar3e mandirajIke veSTana naM0 2095 me nibaddha hai| yaha prati saM0 1778 kI likhI huI hai / upalabdha pratiyome sabase adhika prAcIna hai| isame 196 pRSTha haiM / isakI dazA pUrNa evaM zuddha hai| eka tIsarI prati isI mandirake guTakA naM0 219 meM saMkalita hai| isakA racanAkAla saMvat 1713 diyA huA hai| isame kula 2549 padya haiM / eka cauthI prati vaha hai jisakA ullekha 'mizrabandhu vinoda', bhAga 2 kI saMkhyA 389 / 2 para huaa| isameM bhI racanAkAla vaha hI diyA huA hai| isa 1. gurjarakavio, bhAga 3, pR0 142 / 2. yaha kRti 'zrImad rAjacandra' nAmake granthameM chapa cukI hai| 3. saMvata sataraha terotara, magisara graMtha samApati kreN| nayA mandira, dehalIvAlI prati / / 4. kIyo grantha raviSeNa naiM raghupurANa jiya jANa / . vahai aratha iNa me kahyo, rAyacaMda ura AMNa // 27 // 5. mizrabandhu vinoda, bhAga 2, pR0 461 /

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232 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi pratise yaha spaSTa hai ki kavikA upanAma 'candra' thaa| itane vivaraNoMse kavikA racanAkAla aThArahavIM zatAbdIkA prathama pAda pramANita hotA hai| granthake eka-do sthala dekhie, rAma aura jAnakIme aparimita guNa hai, bhalA itanI sAmarthya kisa kavime hai, jo apanI vANIse unakA varNana kara ske| kintu kavi 'canda' ne apane deva, guru aura dharmako sira jhukAkara yatkicit kahanekA prayAsa kiyA hai, "rAma jAnakI guna vistAra, kahe kauna kavi vacana vicAra / deva dharama guru kuM sira nAya, kahai caMda uttima jaga mAya // " rAvaNako jItakara rAma sItAko lekara ayodhyApurIme A gaye haiN| rAjA rAmake zAsaname sabhI sukhI hai, nihAla hai| svargake samAna manamAne sukhoMkA upabhoga karate hai, kintu koI ucchRkhala aura pApI nahIM hai| rAmakA rAjya nyAyapara AdhArita hai| dhArmika jana sadaiva rAmake gaNoMko gAte hai| "rAvana kauM jIta rAma sItA vinItA Aye, ___ varatai sunIta rAja palaka suhaavnau| suSa meM vinIta kAla duSa ko viyoga hAla, sava hI nihAla pApa paMtha maiM na Avato // vAhI vartamAna dIsai saba hI subudha loka, suraga samAna suSa bhoga manabhAvanau / koU duSadAI nAhi sajana milAyo mAMhi, saba hI sudharmI loka rAma guna gAvanau // " eka mahattvapUrNa pratikA ullekha kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI-patrikAke bArahaveM khoja vivaraName huA hai| yaha prati bArAbaMkIke jaina mandirase upalabdha huI thii| isakA lipi-kAla saM0 1862 diyA huA hai| isapara bhI racanA saMvat 1713 hI par3A hai| isa pratime kula 300 pRSTha hai / isa pratime diye hue kucha prArambhika dohe aura caupAiyAM dekhie, doharA "anamo parama punIta nara, varadhamAna jinadeva / lokAloka prakAsa tasa, karai samakitI seva // 1 // tasa gadhara gautama pramukha, dharmavanta dhanapAta / jinasevata bhavi jana sadA, vilai mohatama rAti // 2 // " 1. kA0 nA0 pra0 patrikAkA bArahavA~ traivArSika vivaraNa, epenDiksa 2, pR0 1261 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya caupAI dohA " kavi bAlaka yaha kInho khyAla | hasau mAtI budhivaMta visAla // rAma jAnakI guna vistAra / kahai kauna kavi vacana vicAra // 3 // deva dharma guru kU siranAi / kahai caMda uttama jaga mAMi // para upakArI parama pavitta / sajjana bhAva bhagata ke citta // 4 // paMca paramaguru pradhAna / e sumirau ura lakSana Ana // jini ke matra zrati hI tuccha rahai, guru ke baina hiye jina prahai // || " "paMca paramaguru kau namI maMgalIka sivalIka | Apa samAna bhagata kauM karai turanta tahakIka || " antima dohA 233 "jo jANa nija jANaMtoM vahai jAta paravAMNa / jANa paNasya jANiyai jANa paNau paradhAna // " 30 64. jinaharSa ( vi0 saM0 1713-1738 ) boharAgotrIya jinaharSasUri aura AdyapakSIya jinaharSasUrise kavivara jinaharSa pRthak haiM / ye kharataragacchake prasiddha AcArya jinacandrasUrikI paramparA meM hue the / inake gurukA nAma vAcaka zAntiharSa thA, jo eka maMje hue vidvAn the| jinaharSane unhIM se zikSA prApta kI thii| jinaharSane janmase hI kavikA hRdaya pAyA thA / unhoMne pacAsoM stuti-stavana, rAsa aura chappayoMkI racanA kI hai| unakI kRtiyoMmeM rasa hai / zAyada isI kAraNa unako apane samayame hI kavivara kahA jAne lagA thA / unako 'jasarAja' bhI kahate haiM / unhone isa nAmake AdhArapara hI 'jasarAja bAvanI'kI racanA kI thii| unakA gujarAtI aura hindI donoM bhASAoMpara samAnAdhikAra thA / Aja unakI anekoM hindI racanAeM bhI upalabdha haiM / ve sAdhu the aura ghUmate 1. zrI gaccha kharatara dIpato, gaccharAja zrI jinacanda, sUrisa sUri-siromaNI, vadai tAsa nariMda vAcanAcArija vadana vArija, Arya vacana vilAsa, zrI zAntiharapa vAcaka teNaM, jinaharSe koyo rAma // ratnazekhara ratnavatI rAsa, prazasti, jaina gurjarakavipro, khaNDa 2, bhAga 3, pR0 1170 //

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234 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi rahanA hI unakA kAma thA, kintu phira bhI ve pATaName adhika rahe / unakA antima kAla to vizeSa rUpase vahA~para hI biitaa| __ kavivarakA vyaktitva mohaka aura AkarSaka thaa| unameM anekoM aise sadguNa the, jinake kAraNa unako loka-priyatA bahuta adhika bar3ha gayI thii| jainadharmasambandhI zuddha kriyAo aura niyama-upaniyamoMkA ve kaThoratAse pAlana karate the| krodha to unhoMne apane jIvaname kabhI kisIpara nahI kiyaa| saralatA hI unakA jIvana thaa| unake hRdayame kisIke prati rAga-dveSakA bhAva nahIM thaa| dhairya aura sAhasake sAtha unhone paMca mahAvratokA pAlana kiyA thaa| sAdhu vahI hai jisake hRdayameM samatA-rasa utpanna ho gayA ho| jinaharSake samatA-bhAvakI kahAniyAM usa yugameM hI calane lagI thiiN| unakA sabase bar3A kAma gaccha mamatvakA tyAga thA, jisake AdhAra rUpameM unhoMne 'satyavijayapanyAsa rAsa' kI racanA kI, jo aba prakAzita ho cukA hai| unake isa sadguNase tapAgacchIya vRddhivijayajI bahuta adhika prabhAvita the / antima samayamai jaba ki kavivarako vyAdhi utpanna huI, to vRddhivijayane hI unakI adhikase adhika sevA kI thii| antima ArAdhanA bhI unhoMne krvaayii| kavivarake bhaktoMne bhI unakI antima kriyA ( mANDavI racanAdi ) bhakti-pUrvaka hI sampanna kii| kavikI bhI antima zvAsa paMcaparameSThIkA dhyAna karate hue hI niklii| jinaharSakI racanAoMkA saMkSipta paricaya 'jaina gurjarakavio'me prakAzita ho cukA hai| isake atirikta aura bhI kaI kRtiyAM zrI nAhaTAjIko prApta huI hai| rAjasthAnake jaina zAstrabhaNDAroko grantha-sUciyose bhI inakI katipaya hindI racanAoMkA patA lagA hai / 'rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthoMkI khoja' bhAga 4 meM bhI inako kucha kRtiyoMkA vivaraNa chapA hai| kavivara jinaharSakI svayaMkI hastalipikA eka citra 'aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha' meM prakAzita huA hai| jasarAja bAvanI isakI racanA saM0 1728 phAlguna badI 7 guruvArake dina huI thii| isakI 1. kavivarake ina guNoMkA vivecana 'kavIyaNa' ke 'kavivara jinaharSagItam meM huA hai| unake do gIta 'aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha meM pR0 261-63 para nibaddha haiN| 2. jaina gurjarakavio, khaNDa 2, bhAga 3, pRSTha 1144-1180 aura bhAga 2, pRSTha 81116 / 3. aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, pR0 52 / 4. vahIM, pR0 260 aura 261 ke biicmeN| 5. jasarAja bAvanI, anta, 57vaoN padya, rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthoMkI khoja, bhAga 4, pR085

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 235 eka prati saMvat 1859 ko likhI huI abhaya jainagranthAlaya bIkAnerameM maujUda hai| yaha prati zrI pratApasAgarake par3haneke lie koTaDIme likhI gayI thii| isame 13 panne haiM, kintu bAvanI kevala antima tIna patroMpara hI aMkina hai| isameM kula 57 savaiyA hai| eka dUsarI pratikA ullekha 'jaina gurjarakavio' meM huA hai| yaha prati paNDita jIvavijayake ziSya jasavijayakI likhI huI hai| prArambhame ho 'UMkAra' kA mAhAtmya batAte hue kavi kahatA hai, "UMkAra apAra jAta AdhAra, sabai nara nArI saMsAra jape hai| bAvana akSara mAMhi dhurakSara, jyoti pradyotana koTi tape hai| siddha niraMjana bhekha alekha sarUpa na rUpa jogendra thape hai| aiso mahAtama hai U~kAra ko, pApa jasA jAke nAma khape hai // 1 // " kaviko apane dharmameM aTala zraddhA hai| vaha dharmako chor3akara avarmako svIkAra karaneke lie taiyAra nahI hai| dharmako tyAga kara avarmako lenA aise hI hai, jaise cintAmaNiko chor3akara patthara grahaNa karanA aura kAmadhenuko chor3akara bakarI svIkAra krnaa| "naga cintAmaNi dArika patthara jou, graha nara mUrakha soI / suMdara pATa paTaMbara aMbara chorika bhoDhaMNa leta hai loii|| kAmadUdhA gharate -- viDAra ke cheri gaheM matimaMda ji koI / dharma kuMchora adharma ko jasarAja uNe nija buddhi vigoI // 2 // " santa-paramparAkI bhAMti kavi bhI bAhyADambaroMke virodhame hai| usakI dRSTimeM sira muMDAnA, jaTA dhAraNa karanA, hAthase kezaloMca karanA, digambara rahanA, zarIrapara bhasma ramAnA aura paMcAgni tapa tapanA saba kucha vyartha hai| aimA karane-mAtrase mokSa prApta nahIM ho sakatA / mokSake lie jJAna anivArya hai, "kSaura susIsa muMDAvata haiM kei laMba jaTA sira keI rhaaveN| lUMcana hAtha sUM keI kare rahai mUna digambara kei kahAveM // rASasUM kaI lapeTa raheM kei aMga paMcAMgani mAheM tpaaveN| kaSTa kare jasarAja bahuta pe gyAna binA ziva paMtha na pAveM // 56 // " upadeza-chattIsI isako racanA saMvat 1713 meM huI thii| isako eka prati abhaya jaina granyAlaya bIkAnerameM maujUda hai| eka dUsarI prati vaha hai jisakA ullekha 'jaina gurjara 1. jaina gurjarakavio, bhAga 2, pRSTha 116 / 2. rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthoMkI khoja, bhAga 4, pR0 101 /

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236 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi kavio meM huA hai| isameM kevala 36 padya haiM / isakA prArambha ho bhagavAn jinendrako stutise kiyA gayA hai| saMsArake mAyA-mohase manako haTAkara bhagavAn jinendrake caraNoMmeM samarpita kara denekA upadeza isa kAvyame diyA gayA hai| aisA aneka bhakta kaviyone kiyA hai| spaSTa rUpase hI yaha upadeza darzana aura siddhAntajanya upadezase pRthak mAnA jAyegA / isakA Arambhika padya dekhie, "sakala sarUpa yAmeM prabhutA anUpa bhUpa, dhUpa chAyA mAyA hai na jaina jagadIza jU / puNya hai na pApa hai na zIla hai na tApa hai, jApa ke prajJA praga. karama atIsa juu|| jJAna ko aMgaja puMja sukha vRtta ko nikuMja, atizaya cauMtIsa aru vacana paiMtIsa jU / aiso jinarAja jinaharasa praNami, upadeza kI chatIsI kahUM savaiye chatIsa jU // " caubIsI isame caubIsa tIrthakaroMkI stuti hai / kula 25 padya hai| padya rAgoMme likhe gaye hai| arthAt unakA svara saMgItAtmaka hai| isakI eka prati saM0 1799 mAgha badI 10 ko likhI huI abhaya jaina granthAlayame maujUda hai| isa pratiko paNDita bhuvanavizAla munine mArITame likhA thaa| prArambhame hI bhagavAn AdinAthakI bhaktimeM likhA gayA eka pada dekhie jo ki 'rAga lalita'meM nibaddha huA hai, "dekhyau RSama jinaMda tava tere prAtika dUri gayo, prathama jinaMda caMda kali sUra-taru kaMda / seve sura nara iMda AnaMda bhayau // 3 // 0 // bAke mahimA kIrati sAra prasiddha bar3hI saMsAra, koU na lahata pAra jagatra nayau / paMcama AraimeM Aja jAgai jyoti jinarAja, bhava siMdhuko jihAja ANi kai ddhyo||2||de. baNyA adbhuta rUpa, mohinI chavi anUpa, dharama ko sAcau bhUpa, prabhu jI jyo| kahai jina haraSita nayaNa bhAre nirakhita, sukha dhana barasata, iti udayau ||3||de|| ___ kavikA yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa hai ki jo bhakti-bhAvapUrvaka caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroMkI kItikA gAna karatA hai, use nau prakArakI nidhiyAM upalabdha ho jAtI haiM / bhagavAn kalpavRkSake samAna haiN| unake sAmane kI gayI pratyeka yAcanA phalIbhUta hotI hai| caubIsoM bhagavAn sukha pradAna karanevAle haiM , 1. jaina gurjarakavipro, khaNDa 2, bhAga 3, pR0 1177 / 2. rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthoMkI khoja, bhAga 4, pR0 123 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya "jinavara caubIse sukhadAI bhAva bhagati dhari nija mani thirakari, kIrati mana sudha gAI // 1 // ji0 // jAke nAma kalapavaSa samavara, praNamati nava nidhi pAI / caubIse pada catura gAIbho, rAga baMdha caturAI // 2 // ji0 // zrI somagaNi supasAu pAikai, niramala mati ura AI, zAnti haraSa jina haraSa nAma taiM, hovata prabhuvara dAI // 3 // ji0 // " nemi-rAjImatI bArahamAsa savaiyA isake sabhI padome 'jinaharSa' ke sthAnapara 'jasarAja' kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / isame bhagavAn neminAtha aura rAjImatIkA prasiddha kathAnaka hai / yaha eka choTA-sA viraha kAvya hai / isame laukika rAmake sahAre alaukika rAmakA vivecana huA hai / ise hama rAmAnugA bhaktikA hI dRSTAnta kaha sakate haiM / isame kula 13 padya hai / isakI eka prati abhaya jaina granthAlaya bIkAnerame maujUda hai| dUsarI prati vaha hai jisakA ullekha desAIjIne kiyA hai / use kinhIM paNDita vinayacandane saM0 1763 ASAr3ha sudI 1 ko jaisalamera meM likhA thA / isakA Adi aura anta dekhie, 237 " sAvana mAsa ghanA ghana bAsa, zrAvAsa meM keli kare nara nArI / dAdura mora papIhA raTe, kaho kaise kaTe nizi ghora aMdhArI // bIja jhilAmaLa hoI rahI, kaise jAta sahI samasera samArI / bhAi milyau jasarAja kahe, nema rAjula kuM rati lAgeM dukhArI // 3 // " anta "rAjula rAjakumArI vicAri ke saMyama nAtha ke hAtha gahyo hai / paMca samiti tIna gupati dharo nija, citta meM karma samUha do hai // rAga dveSa moha mAyA nahaiM, ujjvala kevala jJAna lahyo hai / dampati jAi baseM ziva geha meM, neha kharo jasarAja kahyo hai // 13 // 1. vahI pR0 161 / 2. jaina gurjara kavipro, khaNDa 2, bhAga 3, pR0 1180 / 19 - bArahamAsA yaha eka dUsarA bArahamAsA hai, jisakA viSaya bhI vahI hai| isakI eka prati jinadatta sarasvatI bhaNDAra bambaI meM maujUda hai| isako kinhI muni udayasUrine

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228 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi likhA thaa| dUsarI prati abhaya jainagranthAlayame hai| donoMmeM ho 12 savaiyA hai / padyoMmeM loca hai aura AkarSaNa / isake do padyoMko dekhie, "dhana kI ghanaghora ghaTA unahIM, vijurI camakaMti jhlaahli-sii| vici gAja agAja avAja karata su, lAgata mo viSaveli jisI // papIyA pITa pITa raTata rayaNa ju, dAdura mora vadai uulisii| aise zrAvaNa meM yadu nemi mile, sukha hota kahai jasarAja risI // 1 // " anta "pragaTe nama bAdara Adara hota, dhanA dhana Agama AlI bhayo hai| kAma kI vedana mohi satA, bhASAr3ha meM nemi viyoga dayo hai| rAjula saMyama le ke mugati, gaI nija kanta manAya layo hai| jori ke hAtha kahai jasarAja, nemIsara sAhiba siddha jayA hai // 12 // " siddhacakra stavana ___ isako eka hastalikhita prati jayapurake badhIcandajIke mandirameM virAjamAna guTakA naM0 116, veSTana naM0 1155 me nibaddha hai| kRti siddhacakrakI bhaktise sambandhita hai / katipaya padya dekhie, "sUravaharAya tama timara deva, devAsura kheyara vihiya seva / sevApragaya maya rAya pAya, pAyamiya paNAmahakaya pasAya // 2 // sAyara sama samayA maya nivAsa, vAsava guNa goyara guNa nikAsa / kAsujala saMjala sIla lola, lIlAya vihiya mohAvahIla // 3 // " pArzvanAtha nIsANI ___ yaha stuti mahAvIrajI atizaya kSetrake zAstrabhaNDArame, eka prAcIna guTakeme pR0 134 para likhI huI hai| isameM 26 padya hai| padyome sarasatA aura gatizIlatA hai| prArambhake do padya isa prakAra hai, "suSa saMpati dAyaka suranaranAyaka parataSpa pApa nikaMdA hai| jAkI chavi krAMti anopama upama dIpata jANi jiNaMdA hai|| muSa joti jhigAmaga jhigamaga pUnima pUraNa caMdA hai| saba rUpa sarUpa bANe bhUpa so tUM hI tribhuvana naMdA hai / / 3 // 1. vahI, pR0 1976 / 2. rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthoMkI khoja, bhAga 4, pR0 162 /

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jaina makta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 139 karuNA rasa sAgara nAgara loka sabai mili jasma puNaMdA hai, tori Sijamati kara ikacitta susevaka to dharaNiMdA hai| tai jalatI Agi nikAlyA nAga kiyA vammAga suraMdA hai, to caraNAM Aya rahyA lapaTAM ikalA ati keli karaMdA hai // 2 // " zreNika caritra ____ mahArAjA zreNika bhagavAn mahAvIrake parama bhakta the| jainoMke anekoM anya zreNikake praznase Arambha hue hai| unhIMkA caritra isa kAvyameM aMkita hai| isako sUcanA 'hindI jaina sAhityake itihAsa meM aMkita hai| isako racanA saM0 1724 meM huI thii| RSidattA caupaI ___ yaha caupaI bAbU kAmatAprasAdajI jainake saMgrahameM maujUda hai|' isameM kula 32 padya hai / isakA Adi aura anta dekhie, "aSTApada zrI Adi jinaMda, caMpA vAsupUjya jinacaMda / pAvA mugati gayA mahAvIra, avara nemi giranAra sadhIra // 1 // " anta "uttama namatAM lahIye pAra, guNa gRhatAM kahIe nistAra / jAineM dUra karmabhI kor3a, kahai jinaharSa namUM kara jora // 32 // " maMgala gIta isako eka prati jayapurake lUNakarajIke mandirameM virAjamAna guTakA naM0 81 meM saMkalita hai| yaha guTakA saM0 1800 kA likhA huA hai| 65. acalakIrti ( vi0 saM0 1015) acalakottike pArivArika jIvana aura guru-paramparA Adike viSayame kucha bhI vidita nahIM hai / unako 'baThArahanAte' nAmaka pustakase kevala itanA hI mAlUma ho sakA hai ki ve phirojAbAdake rahanevAle the| ve bhaTTAraka the aura maTTArakIya 1. hindI jaina sAhityakA saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 160 / 2. sahara phirojAbAda me hau, nAtA kI cauDhAla / bAra bAra sabasauM kaho ho, soSo dharma vicAra / /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi paramparAmeM hI unakI zikSA-dIkSA huI thii| unakA 'viSApahAra stotra' jaina samAjameM bahuta hI prasiddha hai| abhI unako eka aura racanA 'karmabattIsI' bhI prApta huI hai / isake atirikta unako racI huI 'ravivratakathA' dillIke paMcAyatI mandirake bhaNDArameM surakSita hai| yaha munizcita hai ki acalakotti aThArahavIM zatAbdIke kavi the| unakI eka-do racanAoke kAla-saMvatse aisA spaSTa bhI hai| ve eka acche kavi the| unakI kavitA unake antarhRdayakA nidarzana hai / bhASAmeM saralatA aura pravAha hai| 'viSApahAra stotra' to bhakti-rasakA pradhAna kAvya mAnA jAtA hai / 'dharmarAso' bhI unhIMkI kRti hai| viSApahAra stotra isa stotrakI racanA nAranaulameM vi0 saM0 1715 meM huI thii| par3atha, jilAmainapuroko eka pratimeM isakA nirmANa-saMvat 'pandrAsa satrA zubha thAna / baranI phAguna sudI caudasa jAna / ' diyA huA hai, jo ki azuddha hai| kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikAke san 1900 ke vivaraNameM isake racanA saMvatkA ullekha 'satrahase pandraha subhathAna / nAranaula tithi caudasi jAna' rUpame huA hai| jayapurake seTha badhIcandajoke digambara jaina mandirame sthita isakI eka pratipara bhI racanA-saMvat 1715 hI diyA huA hai| di0 jaina mandira, bar3autake veSTana naM0 272, guTakA naM0 57 meM bhI pR0 32 para eka hastalikhita prati nibaddha hai| usame racanA saM0 1715 diyA huA hai| saMskRtameM mahAkavi dhanaMjayane 'viSApahAra stotra' kI racanA kI thii| vaha eka praur3ha racanA thI aura Aja bhI usakI khyAti hai| hindImeM usake anukaraNapara anekAneka viSApahAroMkI racanA huI, kintu vaisI sarasatA koI na lA skaa| kavi zAntidAsa aura akhairAmake 'viSApahAra stotra' to jUThana-jAThana-se pratIta hote haiN| unameM kavikA hRdaya nahI rama pAyA hai| yadi hRdaya rame to purAnA bhAva bhI vasantakI bhAMti naye rUpameM lahalahA uThatA hai| paramparA-pAlanake lie kiyA gayA koI bhI kAma svAbhAvika nahIM ho sktaa| acalakItikA 'viSApahAra stotra' bhI dhanaMjayase anuprANita hai, kintu hama usako 'nakala-bhara' nahIM kaha sakate / bhaktakI bhAva-magnatA aura abhivyaMjanAkI kAma mahAbalI jI, suna piya catura sujAna // 58 // digambara jaina paMcAyatI mandira dillIkI hastalikhita prati / 1. seTha badhIcandajIkA di. jaina mandira, jayapurake guTakA naM0 38 aura veSTana naM0 1002 / isa guTakekA lekhanakAla saM0 1823 diyA huA hai| - - - --

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jaina makta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 241 navInatAne use sarasa aura maulika banA diyA hai| ArAdhyakI mahimAse sambandhita katipaya padya dekhie, "prabhujI patita udhArana Au, bAhaM gahe kI lAja nibAhu / jahAM deSo tahAM tumahI Ava, ghaTa ghaTa joti rahI ThaharAya // 16 // masama vyAdha samantabhadra ko maI, saMmau stuta jiNa astuti tthii| gaI vyAdhi vimala mati maI, tahAM prANapata tuma sudha laI // 18 // " karma-battIsI isakI racanA pAvAnagarame saMvat 1777 meM huI thii| isameM pAvAnagara aura vIrasaMghakA bhI varNana hai| isameM bar3e hI sarasa DhaMgase karmoke prabhAvakI bAta kahI gayo hai / kula 35 padya hai| bhASAmeM pravAha aura saralatA hai / aThAraha nAte isakA nirmANa phirojAbAdameM kiyA gayA thaa| ho sakatA hai ki bhaTTArakIya padapara pratiSThita honeke pUrva hI acalakIttine isako banAyA ho| usameM vaha praur3hatA nahIM hai jo unakI anya racanAoMmeM pAyI jAtI hai| isakI eka prati zrI jaina paMcAyatI mandira dillI meM surakSita hai| jaina-paramparAme aThAraha nAtoMkI kathAkA pracalana bahuta purAnA hai / acalakAttine bhI kisI saMskRta kathAse hI isakA kathAnaka liyA thaa| ravi-vrata kathA inakI banAyI huI 'ravi-vratakathA' bho uparyukta mandirake zAstramaNDArameM hI surakSita hai / usapara racanA-saMvat 1717 diyA huA hai| dharma rAsau ___ isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1723 meM huI thii| vi0 saM0 1726 kI likhI huI eka prati, mahAvIrajI atizaya kSetrake zAstramaNDArameM maujUda hai| pada __acalakottine aneka bhakti-paraka pardokA nirmANa kiyA thaa| eka sarasa pada lUNakaraNajI pANDyA mandira jayapurake guTakA naM0 114, patra 172-73 para aMkita hai / katipaya paMktiyAM isa prakAra hai, 1.di0 jaina mandira, bar3autakI hastalikhita prati / 2.guTakA naM0 15, veSTana naM0 637, badhIcandrajIkA mandira, jypur|

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242 hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi "kAhA karUM kaise tirUM bhavasAgara bhArI // Teka // mAyA moha magana bhayo mahA vikala vikArI // kAhA0 ||1|| mana hastI mada ATha, sumana-sA maMjArI / cita cItA siMgha sAMpa jyuM atibala ahaMkArI || kAhA0 ||2|| bAlA tana pelata gayo, sudhi budhi na citArI / cetana citi nahiM cetanA, suci nahIM su vicArI // 3 // aba kyA gati yA jIva kI, tInhoM paNa hArI / acalakIrati zrAdhAra hai, prabhu sarana tumhArI ||6|| " acalakItikA eka 'phAgu' di0 jaina mandira bar3otake eka padasaMgrahame, jo veSTana naM0 405 meM nibaddha hai, pR0 32 para aMkita hai / "Dapha bAjana lAge ho, ho horI saba mili phAga suhAvanI ho pelata haiM nara nAri ||ttek|| chA~Di gayo mahA sAMvaro pyAro, jAya caDhyo gira nAri // Dapha0 // 1 // ni bAhira bhItara SaDI ho, bisa sama hai gRha bAsa / piya dukha kade na vIsarUM ho aba mana bhayo hai udAsa // Dapha0 ||2|| hAM jugala jugala mili pela hI ho, abIra gulAla ur3Ai / nemakaMvara darasana kari pyAre pAvoge uttama vAsa ||ddph0||3|| hAM saSI sahita rAjamatI cAlI, choDi sakala siMgAra / ma kaMvara cita lAyaka ho, liyo hai saMjama mAra || Dapha0 ||5|| janama marana maya jIti kai ho, veLata mukati maMjhAri / acalakIrti jI yau kahai hau, merau AvAgamana nivAri // Dapha0 ||6|| " 66. rAmacandra ( vi0 saM0 1720 - 1750 ) 1 ye kharataragacchake pradhAna zrI jinasiMhasUrirAjakI ziSya paramparAme the / zrI jinasiMharike ziSya padmakIrti caudaha vidyAoMmeM pAraMgata aura cAroM vedoMmeM niSNAta the| unake bhI ziSya padmaraMgakI vidvattA aura sujanatAkA cAroM ora yaza phailA huA thA / loga unakI mahimAke gIta gAte phirate the / unhoMke ziSya zrI rAmacandra the 1 1 1. zrI jinasiMha sUri sukhakArI, nAma japai saba sura nara nArI / jAU~ ziSya siromaNa kahiye, padmakIrti guruvara jasu lahiye // 92 //

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 253 "mizrabandhavinoda'meM unakA ullekha 'rAmacandra sAko banArasavAle' kahakara huA hai, kintu na to ye banArasake rahanevAle the aura na inakA upanAma hI 'sAko' thaa| ye sAdhu the, ataH ghUmate hI rahate the| ho sakatA hai ki kabhI banArasa bhI gaye hoN| 'sAkI' 'sakko' kA bigar3A huA rUpa hai| inhone 'rAmavinoda' kI antima prazastime likhA hai, "uttara disi khurasAMna maiM, bAnu desa pradhAna / sajala bhUmi rai sarvadA, sabakI sahara suma thaan|" isakA artha hai ki uttara dizAma khurAsAMna dezake antargata 'bAnU' nAmakA pradeza thA, jisakA 'sakko' prasiddha nagara thaa| vahA~ pAnIko koI kamI nahIM thI, bhUmi harI-bharI thii| sthAna zubha mAnA jAtA thaa| kavine likhA hai ki usa samaya vahAM auraMgajevakA rAjya thaa| usane zAsanako prazaMsA kI hai| vahAM sukha aura zAnti thii| rAmacandrane usI nagarame 'rAmavinoda'kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| yahAM bhI ye ghUmate-ghUmate hI pahuMce hoNge| inake mUla nivAsasthAnake viSayame nizcayapUrvaka kucha bhI nahI kahA jA sktaa| rAyabahAdura bAbU hIrAlAla bI0 e0 kaTanIne inakI bhASApara rAjasthAnIke vizeSa prabhAvako dekhakara inako rAjapUtAnekA rahanevAlA ghoSita kiyA hai| zrI agaracandajI nAhaTAne bhI inake granthopara rAjasthAnIke prabhAvako bAta svIkAra kI hai| ye jisa zAkhAke sAdhu the, vaha vidvattA, sAdhutA aura kavitA tInoM hI ke lie prasiddha rahI hai| jinasiMhamUrikA to akabara aura salIma dono hI ne sammAna kiyA vidyA cyAra dasa kaMTha bakhANe, veda cyAra ko aratha pichAne, padmaraMga munivara sukhadAI, mahimA jAkI kahI na jAI // 13 // rAmacanda muni ina paribhAkhyau, sAmudrika bhASA kari dAkhyo / jAM lagi rahijyo sUri jI caMdA, paDhahu paMDita lahu ANaMdA // 9 // sAmudrika bhASA, prazasti, rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granyoMkI khoja, bhAga 2, pR0 124-25 // 1. mizrabandhu vinoda, bhAga 2, pR0 466, saMkhyA 423 / 2. jaina gurjarakavio, khaNDa 2, bhAga 3, saMkhyA 1804 para rAmavinodakI prazasti, pR0 1217 / 3. maradAnau aru mahAbalI, avaraMga sAhi naraMda, tAsa rAjamai harSasuM, racyo zAstra AnaMda / / 300 / / vhii| 4. kA0 nA0 pra0 patrikA, navIna saMskaraNa, bhAga 8, pR0 467 / 5. rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthokI khoja, bhAga 2, pR0 156 /

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244 hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi thaa| rAmacandra bhI eka yazasvI vyakti the| vaidyaka aura jyotiSapara to unakA ekAdhikAra thaa| unake dvArA race gaye stavanoMse spaSTa hai ki kavitAmeM bhI unakA asAdhAraNa praveza thaa| dArzanika vidvattAse sambandhita unakA koI grantha dekhaneko nahIM miltaa| ina sAdhuoMkA sammAna vaidyaka aura jyotiSake agAdha jJAnapara hI TikA thaa| bar3e-bar3e samrATa bhI inakI bhaviSyavANiyAM sunane ke lie tarasA karate the| jahAMtaka kavitAkA sambandha hai, bhaktipUrNa ho hotI thii| unake dvArA likhe gaye saikar3oM stuti-stotra prApta hote hai| ___ kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikAke 1909 aura 1911 ke khoja vivaraNake likhanevAlene rAmacandrako jaina nahIM mAnA hai| unakA kathana hai ki 'rAmacandra' nAma kisI jainakA nahIM ho sktaa| zAyada unako dRSTime hindU hI rAmacandrako bhagavAn mAnate hai, jainoke bhagavAn to mahAvIra hai| kintu 'rAmacandrajI' ke Adarza caritrako lekara vipula jaina sAhityako racanA huI hai| vivaraNa-lekhakakA dUsarA tarka hai ki zrI rAmacandrake 'rAmavinoda' ke prArambhame gaNezako vandanA kI gayI hai, jo ki hinduokA devatA hai, jainoMkA nhiiN| kintu gaNeza to vidyAkA adhiSThAtR deva hai, aura usakI ArAdhanA hindU tathA jainoMne hI nahI, apitu musalamAno takane ko hai| jainoMke to aneka mahattvapUrNa kaviyoke sAhityakA prArambha gaNeza-vandanAse hI huA hai| ataH isa AdhArapara rAmacandrako jaina honese inakAra nahI kiyA jA sktaa| tIsarA tarka yaha hai ki granthameM kahIMpara bhI jaina-matakA ullekha nahIM hai / kintu vaidyakasambandhI granthame saiddhAntika viSayake nirUpaNako avasara ho kahAM thaa| isake atirikta rAmacandrane svayaM apane pUrvaguruoMke vaidyaka jJAnako svIkAra kiyA hai| ve guru jaina the| jaina hote hue bhI vaidyakake granthameM jaina-tattvoMkI bAta na kahanA ajainatvakI nizAnI nahIM hai| jaina athavA ajainake pAsa milanese kisI bhI granthake racayitAko jAtikA anumAna lagAnA bhI ThIka nahIM hai| 1. bhAnucanda gaNicaritakI bhUmikAmeM nibaddha, "Jain priests at the court of Akbar" aura "Jain Teachers at the Court of Jahangir" pR010,20| 2. akabarane hIravijayamarise apanA bhaviSya jAnanekI prArthanA kI thI, kintu unhoMne ___ spaSTa rUpase inakAra kara diyA thaa| vahI, pR0 7 3. kA0 nA0pra0 patrikA, navIna saMskaraNa, bhAga 8, pR0465 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya racanAe~ unhoMne vaidyakapara 'rAmavinoda' aura 'vaidyavinoda' tathA jyotiSapara 'sAmudrika bhASA' kA nirmANa kiyA thA / 'rAmavinoda' kI racanA vi0 saM0 1720 maga. sira sudI 13 budhavArako sakkInagarame huI thI / yaha grantha lakhanaUse chapa cukA hai / 'vaidyavinoda' kA nirmANa vi0 saM0 1726 vaizAkha zuklA 15 ko mArITame huA thA / yaha sAraMgadharakA bhASAnuvAda hai / isa granthake antame 'kavikula varNana caupAI' dI huI hai / kintu usase pArivArika jIvanakA kucha bhI patA nahI calatA, usakA sambandha pUrva guruoMkI prazastise hai / 'sAmudrika - bhASA' kI racanA vi0 saM0 1722 mAgha kRSNa pakSa 6 ko meharAme huI thI / meharA paMjAba meM vitasthA nadoke kinAre basA huA sundara sthAna thA / usame cAro varNa sukhapUrvaka rahate the / vahA~ usa auraMgajebakA rAjya thA, jisakI bar3e-bar3e bAdazAha sevA kiyA karate the| isakI prati jinaharSasUribhaNDArameM maujUda hai, jisakA ullekha zrI agaracandajI nAhaTAne kiyA hai / rAmacandrane kAvyasambandhI cAra granthoMkI racanA kI thI, jinameM tIna stavana aura eka caritrasambandhI caupaI hai / katipaya pada bhI prApta hote haiM / 'sammedazikhara stavana' saM0 1750 me banA thA / isame jainoke prasiddha tIrthakSetra sammeda zikharakI stuti kI gayI hai / sammedazikhara se jainoMke 20 tIrthaMkarokA nirvANa huA hai / usakI pavitratAko sabhIne mukta kaNThase svIkAra kiyA hai| 245 'bIkAnera AdinAtha stavana' kI racanA vi0 saM0 1730 jeTha sudI 13 ko huI thii| isameM bIkAnerastha AdinAtha prabhukI mUrtiko lakSya banAkara hRdayake katipaya udgAroMkA spaSTIkaraNa huA hai / AdinAtha, jainoMke prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadevako kahate hai | 'dazapacakkhANa' kA nirmANa vi0 saM0 1721 pauSa sudI 10 ko huA thA / 1. rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita granthoMkI khoja, bhAga 2, pR0 51, 52 / 2. banavArI bahu bAga pradhAna, bahe vitasthA nadI sudhAna / cyAra varNa tahA~ catura sujAna, nagara meharA zrI yuga pradhAna // bar3e bar3e pAtisAha naridA, jAkI seva kareM jana kandA | pAtisAha zrI oraMga gAjI, gaye ganIma dasauM disa bhAsa jI // 89 // sAmudrikabhASA, prazasti, dekhie vahI, pR0 124 / 3. vahI, pR0 125 /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi isakI eka pratikA ullekha 'jaina gurjarakavio' meM bhI huA hai| yaha prati zrAvikA manamAMke par3haneke lie kI gayI thii| isame kula 33 padya hai| _ 'mUladeva caupaI' kI racanA saM0 1711 phAlguname, navahaTame huI thii| yaha eka aitihAsika kAvya hai / isame kinhIM mUladevakA varNana hai / isakI eka pratikA ullekha zrI desAIjIne kiyA hai| mizrabandhu-vinoda'me inake dvArA racita 'jambUcaritra' kI bhI bAta kahI gayo hai| rAmacandrake katipaya pada di0 jaina mandira bar3autake padasaMgraha 58 me nibaddha hai / uname bhakta hRdayakA prasphuTana to hai hI, lAlitya aura kalpanA bhI hai| yadi koI bhakta ArAdhyake caraNa-kamaloMke pratApase svayaMko jAna sake, apUrva jJAna tathA parama sukha prApta kara le, to atyukti kyA hai / jabataka usakA iSTadeva milA nahI thA, vaha bhava-bhavame bhaTakatA phirA, aba bhaTakanekI kyA AvazyakatA hai, "aba jinarAja miliyA, guNagaNadhara sundara anUpa / jabalau bheda lau nahi prabhu ko, gati gati meM ati ruliyaa| nidrA moha gaI aba hI mama, gyAna apUraba puliyaa| darasana kari nija darasana pAyo, sukha sattAdika miliyaa| carana kamala pUjata thiratA lahi, eka ahaM sudhi miliyaa| rAmacandra guna baranata hI sakala pApa Tali cliyaa|" Adi prabhu RSabhadeva vaname khar3e hokara tapa sAdha rahe haiN| unakA ekAgra mana, zAnta dRSTi, alaukika musakAna, apUrva chaTA bikhera rahI hai| vaha bhakta hI kyA, jo aise rUpake darzana aura varNaname khapa na sake, "cali jina Adi dekheM, sura gana khaga vaMdita sabhUpa / sakala saMga taji RNavat vana meM nagana cidAtama peSe / nAsA dhyAna khar3e kara laMbe anasana aina vise // anta akAma mAsa SaTa bhojana dhIra calata bhuule| dharma tIrthakara kA kara upari dAnI ko kara peSai / rAmacandra dhani dAnI kahai suraratana vRSTi kari pessai|"' 1. jaina gurjarakavipro, bhAga 2, pR0 307-8 / 2. vahI, khaNDa 2, bhAga 3, pR0 1266 / 3.mizrabandhu vinoda, mAga 2, pR0466 / 4. padasaMgraha 58, patra 25, di0 jaina mandira, bar3auta / 5. khii|

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jaina makka kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya rAmacandrane satamako bhaktimeM bhI aneka padoMkA nirmANa kiyA / ve sabhI sarasa hai / unameM prasAda guga hai| uparyukta 'pada saMgraha meM unakA bhI saMkalana hai / 67. jodharAja godhIkA ( vi0 saM0 1721) ___ godhIkA DhUMDhADa dezake mukhya nagara sAMgAnerake nivAsI the| unhoMne likhA hai ki "maiMne sahasro nagarIko dekhA hai, kintu usake samAna aura koI nahIM hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki sAgAnera vAstavame eka prasiddha sthAna thA, vahA~para hI anekoM jaina-kavi utpanna hue the| vaha eka sAhityika kendra thaa| jodharAjake pitAkA nAma amararAja athavA amarasiMha thaa| ve jAtise baniyA the| jaina dharmameM unakI aTUTa zraddhA thii| pitAkA prabhAva putrapara bhI par3A aura jodharAja bhagavAn jinendrake bhakta bane / unako sava sAhityika racanAeM jinendrako bhaktise hI sambandhita haiM / jodharAjakI zikSA eka prasiddha brAhmaNa vidvAnake dvArA sampanna huI / unakA nAma harinAma mizra thaa| mizrajI anekoM vidyAome pAraMgata the| jodharAjane unhIse chanda, vyAkaraNa aura jyotiSa Adi granthoMkA pArAyaNa kiyaa| saMskRtameM vyutpanna ho jAnepara unhoMne hindI kAvyokA nirmANa kiyaa| jodharAjake kathanase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki mizrajone unako jaina-zAstra bhI mUla bhASAmeM par3hAyA thaa| usa samaya sAMgAnerame rAjA amarasiMhakA rAjya thaa| usakI prazaMsA karate 1. sAMgAnera suthAna meM deza DhuMDhAhaDi sAra / tAsama nahi ko aura pura, dekhe sahara hajAra // amarapUta jinavara bhagata, jodharAja kavinAma / vAsI sAMgAnera ko, karI kathA sukhadhAma / / samyaksvakaumudI, bhAmera bhaNDArako prati, antima prazasti / 2. mizra eka harinAma sunI, paDhayo chanda vyAkaraNa pramAni / jyotiSa grantha paDhayau baha bhAya, mizra jodha kahai sukhadAya // tinahiM paDhAyo jodha ko, mUla grantha paravAMna / tApara bhASA guna kIyo, jodharAja sukhathAMna / paMDita catura sujAna hai, iha joSa haranAma hai| tAkI saMgati joSa ko, bhayo sAsatara lAbha / / bahI, antima prshsti|

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248 hue kavine likhA hai, 'vaha bhUpomeM siramaura hai, poSaNa karatA hai / usake samAna aura koI huA hai / zAnti aura suvyavasthA ke honeke nirmANa kara sake / hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi aura prajAkA suSThu prakArase pAlanarAjA nahIM hai / saba jagaha caina chAyA kAraNa ho jodharAja aneka granthoMkA bAbU jJAnacandajIne apanI 'digambara jaina bhASA granthanAma sUcI ke pRSTha 4-5 para jovarAjakI sAta racanAoMkA ullekha kiyA hai| unameM kevala 'bhAvadIpikA' hindI gadyakA grantha hai, avaziSTa saba kRtiyAM padyame likhI gayI haiM / inake atirikta kucha pada bhI mile hai / uname bhagavAn jinendrako bhakti pradhAna hai | bhAva uttama hai aura bhASA prauddh'| 'citrabandha dohA' aura 'padmanandipaMcaviMzatikA - bhASA' bhI unhIM kI kRtiyA~ hai / ye abhIkI khojoMme upalabdha huI haiM / unako racanAoMkA saMkSipta paricaya nimna prakArase hai : samyaktvakaumudI 2 isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1724 phAlguna vadI 13 zukravArako pUrNa huI thii| saMvat 1784 kI likhI huI eka prati nayA mandira dillIke zAstra bhaNDArame maujUda hai| isameM 68 pRSTha hai / dUsarI prati saMvat 1793 kI likhI huI Amerake zAstrabhaNDArameM rakhI huI hai| isameM kula 61 pRSTha hai / tIsarI prati jayapurake hI baghIcandajIke mandirake zAstra bhaNDAra ke veSTana naM0 582 meM nibaddha hai / yaha prati saM0 1830 kArtika vadI 13 kI likhI huI hai| isameM kula 56 panne hai / racanAkAla saM0 1724 phAlguna vadI 13 diyA huA hai / yaha pratilipi harIsiMha ToMgyAne candrAvatoMke rAmapurAme kI thI / kavine yaha racanA apane mAmA kalyANake lie kI thI / kalyANa luhADI 1. parama prajA pAla sadA, saba bhUpani siramaura | rAmasiMha rAjA pragaTa, tA sama nAhIM aura // tAkai rAja sucaina syoM, kiyo grantha iha jodha | vahI / 2. saMvat satraha sau coIma, phAguna badi terasa subhadIsa / sukaravAra saMpUrana bhaI, yaha kathA samakita guna ThaI // samyaktvakaumudI, hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, bambaI, 1617, pR0 67 / 3. nayA mandira, dillIke zAstrabhaNDArakI a 52 ( ga ) prati /

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jaina makta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 249 jAtike dharmadAsakA choTA putra thaa|' luhADI baniyoMkI eka upajAti hai, jo rAjasthAnakI tarafa aba bhI pAyI jAtI hai| yaha racanA maulika kRti nahIM hai| kavine usako mUla saMskRtame paDhA thaa| usakA yaha bhASAnuvAda hai| isameM jaina-bhaktoMkI kahAniyAM haiM, jo 1178 dohecaupAiyoMme nibaddha ko gayo hai| anuvAda hote hue bhI bhASA aura zailIkI dRSTise navIna kRti hai / Adi aura anta dekhie, "parama puruSa AnaMdamaya, cetana rUpa sujAna / nam zuddha paramAtmA, jaga parakAsaka mAna / parama jAti AnaMdamaya, sumani hoi bhAnaMda / nAmirAja suta Adi jina, baMdI pUraNa baMda // " anta "baMdI siva avagAhanA, bhara vaMdo siva paMtha / asaha deva vaMdau vimala, vaMdo guru niragaMtha // jinavANI pUjau sahI, tAte saba sukha hoya / kavitA dukhana nahIM lagau, sukha se pUraNa hoya / / caMda sUra pAnI bhavani, pavana aru AkAsa / merAdika jaba laga aTala, taba laga jaina prakAsa // " dharma sarovara isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1724 ASAr3ha sudI pUrNimAko huI thii| arthAt 'samyaktva kaumudI' se ATha mAha pUrva / isakI eka prati 'jaina mandira seTakA ku~cA 1. dharmadAsa ko pUta laghu, jAti luhADyau joya / nAma kalyANa majAniye, kavi ko mAmI soya // nayA mandira dillIkI hastalikhita prati, prazasti / 2. gyArAsaiM aThahattari ihai chaMda caupaI jAna / kahyau kaumudI grantha ko jodha sumani anumAna // vhii| 3. vahI, pR0 261-262 / 4. saMvata satraha se adhika, hai cauIma sujAni / sudi pUnyo ApADha kau, kiyo graMtha suSadAni / / jodharAja godhIkA, dharmasarovara, padya 385, seTha kuMcA dillIkI prati, naM0 363 para nibd|

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250 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi dillI meM maujUda hai| isame kula 23 patra hai| isapara racanA saMvat 1724 diyA huA hai / yaha prati navIna hai aura saM0 1984 kI likhI huI hai| yaha eka maulika kRti hai| isame vividha subhApita aura stutiyoMke dvArA jaina dharmakA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| eka stuti dekhie, "zItalanAtha majo paramezvara amRta mUrati joti varI / moga saMjoga sutyAga sabai suSadAyaka saMjama lAbha karI // krodha nahIM jahAM loma nahIM kachU mAna nahIM nahiM hai kuTilAI / hari dhyAna samhAri sajo subha kevala jodha kahai vaha bAta kharI // " prItaMkara caritra isako racanA saMvat 1721 me huI thii| usakI eka prati jayapurake bar3e mandirake guTakA naM0 112 me nibaddha hai| yaha guTakA saM0 1724 phAlguna sudI 10 kA likhA huA hai| isakA ullekha jJAnacandajIko sUcImeM bhI kiyA gayA hai| isameM mahArAjA prItaMkarakA caritra hai, jo bhagavAn jinendrake parama-bhakta the| kathA-koza ___ isakI racanA saM0 1722 meM kI gayI thii| isakA ullekha paNDita nAthUrAmajI premI aura zrI kAmatAprasAdajI jainane kiyA hai| unakA AdhAra zrI jJAnacanda. jIvAlI sUcI hai| jJAna samudra __isakA nirmANa saM0 1722 caitra sudI 10 ko huA thaa| isako eka prati iso saMvatkI likhI huI jayapurake bar3e mandirame veSTana naM0 533 me nibaddha hai| isa pratiko svayaM jodharAja godhIkAne sAMgAnera meM likhA thaa| isameM 33 pRSTha hai| isakI eka pratikA ullekha bAbU jJAnacandajIvAlI sUcImeM bhI huA hai| pravacana sAra ___ isakI racanA saMvat 1726 me huI thii| isakI eka prati jayapurake bar3e mandirake veSTana naM0 1194 meM baMdhI rakhI hai| isapara racanAkAla saM0 1726 par3A huA hai| yaha prati saM0 1729 kAttika badI 1 bhRguvArakI likhI huI hai| isameM 64 panne hai / yaha AcArya kundakundake pravacanasArakA bhASAnuvAda hai / " 1. hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, bambaI, 1917, pR0 68 / 2. hindI jaina sAhityakA saMkSipta itihAse, pR0 156 /

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251 baina maka kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya citrabandha-dohA ___ isakA racanAkAla to mAlama nahIM hai, kintu isako prati jisa guTakeme saMkalita hai, vaha saM0 1726 kA likhA huA hai, ata: yaha spaSTa hai ki isakI racanA umase pUrva hI huI hogii| yaha eka nayI racanA hai| isako prati jayapurake lUNakarajIke mandirame sthita guTakA naM0 176 meM nivaddha hai| jainImeM citravandha kAvyako paramparA bahuta purAnI hai| padmanandi paMcaviMzatikA bhASA isakA nirmANa saM0 1724 me huA thaa| yaha bhI eka nayI khoja hai| isakI prati jayapurake bar3e mandirake veSTana naM. 971 me baMdhI rakhI hai| yaha prati sa0 1724 kI hI likhI huI hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha jodharAjake hAthakI hI likhI huI hai| isame 157 panne hai / antima 39 patra nahIM hai| yaha bhI padmanandi paMcaviMzatikAkA bhASAnuvAda hai| jodharAjake pada ___ jodharAjake race hue pada nayI khojoma upalabdha hue hai| jayapurake badhIcandajIke mandirame sthita guTakA naM0 80 aura 128 me inake katipaya pada saMkalita hai / bar3otake di0 jaina mandirake guTakA naM0 55, beSTana naM0 172 me jodharAjakI eka vinatI pR0 99-105 para aMkita hai| isame 24 padya hai| vinatIme paryApta sarasatA hai, "jai jai yeka aneka sarUpa, jai jai dharma prakAsaka rUpa / varana rahita rasa rahita subhAva, jai jai sudha bhAtama darasAva // 12 // jai jai deva jagata guru rAja, jai jai deva sakala saMvArana kAja / jai jai kevala gyAna sarUpa, moha timira paMDana ravI rUpa // 14 // jaba laga jIva bhramo saMsAra, pAya sarUpa layo adhikAra / jaba laga mana vaca kAya kareya, jinavara bhagati hIya na dhareya // 15 // " 68. jagatarAma (vi0 saM0 1022-1730) inake pitAmahakA nAma bhAIdAsa thA, jo zrAvakome uttama aura dhArmika kAryo1 rAjasthAnake jaina zAstra bhaNDAroMkI grantha sUcI, jayapura, bhA. 2, pR0 156 / 2. vI, bhAga 3, pRSTha kramazaH 137, 153 /

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252 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi ke niSpanna karane aura karavAneme prasiddha the| vaisI hI unakI patnI thii| vaha kamalAkI bhAMti sundarI aura guNavatI thii| usake garbhase do putra utpanna hue, ekakA nAma thA rAmacandra aura dUsarekA nandalAla / donoM hI mAM-bApake anurUpa svastha, rUpavAn aura guNa-sampanna the| jagatarAma ina dome-se kisI ekake putra the| kavi kAzIdAsane apanI 'samyaktva-kaumudI' me unako rAmacandrakA suta kahA hai| 'padmanandi paMcavizatikA'ko prazastimeM unako spaSTa rUpase nandalAlakA putra svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| zrI agaracandajI nAhaTAne unako rAmacandrakA putra mAnA hai| ___ inake pitAmaha zahara guhAnAke rahanevAle the, kintu unake dono putra pAnIpatame Akara rahane lage the| jagatarAmakI racanAoM aura unake Azrita kaviyoMke kathanase 1. bhAIdAsa mahI meM jAniye, tA tiya kamalA sama mAniye / tA suta ati sundara varavIra, upaje doU guNa sAyara dhIra / / dAnA bhugatA dInadayAla, zrI jinadharma sadA pratipAla / rAmacada nandalAla pravIna, saba guNa gyAyaka samakita lIna / / kavi kAzIdAsa, samyaktva-kaumudI, DaoN. jyoniprasAda, hindI jaina sAhityake kucha ajJAta kavi, anekAnta varSa 10, kiraNa 10 / tathA bhAIdAsa zrAvaka parasiddha, uttama karaNI kara jasa liddha / nandana doi bhaye tasu dhora, rAmacada nandalAla suvIra // sAlibhadra kaliyuga me eha, bhAgyavata saba guNa ko geha / puNyaharSa, padmanandi paMcaviMzatikA, prazasti saMgraha, jayapura, agasta 1650, pR0 233 / 2. rAmacaMda suta jagata anUpa, jagatarAya guNa gyAyaka bhUpa / kAzIdAsa, samyaktvakaumudI, prazasti, anekAnta varSa 10, kiraNa 10 / 3. sujAnasiMgha nandalAla sunanda, jagatarAya suta hai TekacaMda / jo lau sAgara sasi dinakAra, to lauM avicala e parivAra // puNyaharSa, pacanandipaMcaviMzatikA, prazasti, prazasti saMgraha. pR0 234 / 4. agaracanda nAhaTA, 'Agareke sAhitya premI jagatarAya aura unakA chanda ratnAvalI grantha', bhAratIya sAhitya, varSa 2, aMka 2, apraila 1657, AgarA vizvavidyAlaya, hindI vidyApITha, AgarA, pR0 181 / / 5. sahara guhANAvAsI joi, pANIpaMtha AI hai soi / rAmacaMda suta jagata anUpa, jagatarAya guNa gyAyakabhUpa // samyaktva-kaumudI, prazasti, anekAnta varSa 10, kiraNa 10 //

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jaina makta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 253 aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jagatarAma svayaM apane parivArasahita Agareme Akara basa gaye the| ve auraMgajebake darabAra meM kisI ucca padapara pratiSThina the| unheM rAjAkI padavI milI huI thii| zAyada isI kAraNa loga unheM jagatarAmake sthAnapara jagatarAya kahane lage the| kAzIdAsane unhe "bhUpa' aura 'mahArAja'-jaise vizeSaNose yukta kiyA hai| unakI jAti agravAla aura gotra siMghala thaa| ve svayaM rAjA the kintu ahaMkAra nAma-mAtrako bhI nahIM thaa| unhone aneka kaviyoko udAratApUrvaka Azraya diyA, uname eka kAzIdAsa bhI the| DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jainake kathanAnusAra yaha sambhava hai ki ve jagatarAyake putra Tekacandake zikSaka bhI hoN| zrI agara canda nAhaTAne likhA hai, "jagatarAya eka prabhAvazAlI dharma-premI aura kavi-AzrayadAtA tathA dAnavIra siddha hote hai|" racanAe~ jagatarAmako racanAoMke vipayamai vivAda hai| paM0 nAthUrAmajI premIne "digambara jaina granthakartA aura unake grantha' me jagatarAyako tIna chandobaddha racanAokA ullekha kiyA hai : 'Agama vilAsa', 'samyaktva-kaumudI' aura 'padmanandI pNcviNshtikaa'| anekAnta varSa 4, aMka 6, 7, 8 meM prakAzita dillIke naye mandira aura seThake ku~ceke mandirako grantha sUcIke anusAra jagatarAya 'chanda ratnAvalI' aura 'jJAnAnanda zrAvakAcAra'ke bhI racayitA the| inameM 'zrAvakAcAra' gadyakA granya hai| dillokI grantha sUcIka anusAra 'AgamavilAsa' eka saMgraha-kAvya hai| yaha saMgraha vi0 saM0 1784 mAgha sudI 14 ko mainapurIma kiyA gayA thaa| usakI prazasnime likhA hai ki dyAnatarAyake saM0 1713 meM svargavAsa ho jAnepara unake 1. sahara Agarau hai mukha thAna, paratapi dIsa svarga vimAna / cAro varana rahe sukha pAi, tahAM bahu zAstra racyo sukhadAi / pabhanandipa cavizatikA, prazasti saMgraha, pR0 234 / 2. anekAnta varSa 10, kiraNa 10, pR0375 / 3. kAzIdAsa, samyaktva-kaumudI, prazasti aura puSpikA, anekAna varSa 10, kiraNa 10 / 4. agravAla hai umagyAni, sighala gotra vasudhA vikhyAta / puNyaharSa, padmanandipaMcaviMzatikA, prazasti sagraha, pR0 233 / 5. bhAratIya sAhitya, varSa 2, aMka 2, AgarA, pR0 171 / 6. paM0 nAthUrAma premI, digambara jaina granthakartA aura unake grantha, jaina-hiteSI, 1611 I0, pR0 42 /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi putra lAlajIne AlamagaMjake jhAMjhUko yaha satraha de diyaa| jagatarAyane usase lekara saMkalanakA nAma 'Agama vilAsa' rakha diyaa| samyaktva-kaumudIko paM0 nAthUrAma premIne jagatarAyako kRti kahA hai| unhoMne usakA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1721 mAnA hai| zrI agaracandajI nAhaTAkA kathana hai, "premIjI aura kAmatAprasAdajIne to isa granthako jagatarAyakA ho banalAyA hai kyoMki unhone prati va prazasti nahIM dekhii|" prazastise spaSTa hai ki isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1722 vaizAkha sudo 13 ko huI thii| isame 4336 padya hai| isake racayitA kavi kAzIdAsa the| kintu isa prazastike antame likhA hai, 'iti zrIman mahArAja zrI jagatarAyajI viracitAyAM samyaktva kaumudI-kathAyAM apTam kathAnakam sampUrNam / " isakA artha hai ki jagatarAyake dvArA viracita samyaktvakaumudImeM AThavAM kathAnaka pUrA huaa| DaoN0 jyotiprasAdane 'viracita' zabdako dUsaroke dvArA racavAneke arthame liyA hai, kintu viracita zabda svayaM racanekai arthama hI AtA hai| isake atirikta prazastime yaha bhI likhA huA hai, "rAmacaMda suta jagata anUpa, jagalarAya guNa jJAyaka bhuup| nina yaha kathA jJAna ke kAja, varaNI Age samakina sAja // "" aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jagatarAyane vi0 saM0 1721 me isakI racanA kI, aura kAzIdAsane vi0 saM0 1722 me usakI pratilipi, unake putra Tekacandake par3hAneke lie kI / isa kathAme anekAneka jinendra bhaktokI kathAeM hai| 'padmanandI pacaviMzatikA' jJAnacanda jainIkI "digambara jaina bhASA prantha nAmAvalI' ke anusAra jagatarAyako kRti hai| kintu usakI prazastise spaSTa hai ki 1. vahI, pR0 42 / 2. bhAratIya sAhitya, varSa 2, aMka 2, AgarA, pR0 180 / 3. vikrama saMvat tai jAni, satraha se bAIsa bakhAna / mAdhavamAsa ujiyAro sahI, tithi terasa bhusuta sauM laho / / tA dina graMtha sampUrNa bhayo, samakita jJAna sakala taru bayo / kAzIdAsa, samyaktva kaumudI, prazasti, bhAratIya sAhitya, pR0 180 / 4. puSpikAmeM bhI jagatarAyake prasaMgase 'viracitAyA' padakA prayoga karanA isa bAtako nirvivAda sUcita karatA hai ki jagatarAya ne isa granthako racA nahIM thA, racavAyA thaa| DaoN. jyotiprasAda, hindI jaina sAhityake kucha ajJAta kavi, anekAnta varSa 10, kiraNa 10, pR0 376 / 5. kavi kAzIdAsa, samyaktvakaumudI, prazasti, bhAratIya sAhitya, pR0 180 / 6. bAbU jJAnacanda jainI, digambara jaina bhASA grantha nAmAvalI, lAhaura, san 1601 I0, pR04, nambara 1

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jaina mata kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 255 puNyaharSa aura unake ziSya abhayakuzalane, isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1722 phAlguna sudI 10 maMgalabArako Agareme jagatarAyake lie kI thii| prazastike "konI bhASA eha, jaganarAya jihi vidhi bhASo" se siddha hai ki jagatarAyane jaise kahA, vaise hI isakA nirmANa huaa| ___ Agareke navAba himmatavAnake kahaneme jagatarAyane 'chanda ratnAvalI'ko racanA vi0 saM0 1730 kAnika mudIme, Agagme kI thii| yaha hindI sAhityakA eka mahattvapUrNa granya hai / isame vividha prakArake chandoMkA vivecana huA hai| isameM sAta adhyAya hai / chaThe adhyAyama phAramIke chandokA aura mAtame tukoke bhedoMkA vizada varNana hai / jagatara,yane usa samayake upalabdha sabhI chanda-zAstrokA adhyayana karake, aura unakA mAra lekara isa granthako racanA kI thii| isa granthako eka hastalikhita prati nayA mandira dharmapurAke digambara jaina sarasvatI bhaNDArameM maujUda hai, isa pratime patrasaMkhyA 100, zlokasaMkhyA 2800 aura nirmANakAla 1737 diyA huA hai| usake prArambhika do padyome himmatakhAnakA yazollekha hai| kahIMkahIM jaina pAribhASika zabda bhI Aye hai| ___ navIna khojomeM jagatarAmake banAye hue kucha pada bhI prApta hue haiN| jagatarAmako 'jaina padAvalI' kA ullekha kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikAke eka khoja-vivaraNamai huA hai / isake atirikta unakI racI huI vinatiyAM bhI upalabdha huI hai| jaina-padAvalI ___ isakI sUcanA kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikAke pandrahaveM vArSika vivaraNameM saMkhyA 94 para aMkita hai / sampAdakoMne isakI prati kirAvalI jilA AgarAke 1. padmanandipaMcaviMzanikA, prazasti, bhAratIya sAhitya, pR0 181 / 2. jugatarAI mo yo kahyo, himmatakhAna bulAI / piMgala prAkRta kaThina hai, bhASA tAhi banAI // 3 // chaMdo grantha jineka hai, kari ika Thaure Ani / samujhi mabako sAra le, ratanAvalI bakhAni // 4 // chanda ratnAvalI, nayA mandira, dharmapurA dillIkI prati, nambara 61 / 3. ujjala jama aMbara ko dama disa hiMmatakhAna / mukatA taji sura sundarina, bhUSana kiyo kAna / himmatakhAM mo ari kapana, bhAjata lai lai jIya / ari ri hame hU~ maeNga lai, bolata tinakI tI // vahI, pR0 183 /

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256 hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi jaina mandirase upalabtra kI thii| isameM zrI jagatarAmake race hue 233 pada haiN| unapara AlocanAtmaka TippaNI likhate hue sampAdakone kahA hai, "inhone aSTachApa kaviyoMkI zailIpara padokI racanAe~ kI, jinakA eka saMgraha prathama khojame prathama bAra upalabdha huA hai| isameM tIrthakarokI stutiyAM sundara padoMme varNana kI gayI hai|" jagatarAmake pada choTI-choTI rasako picakAriyoM se mAlUma hote hai / unake padoMmeM kavikA uddAma Avega jaise phUTA hI par3a rahA hai| eka sthAnapara kavi apanI bhUlako svIkAra karate hue kahatA hai, "he prabhu! hamane viSayakaSAyokA khUba sevana kiyA aura tumhArI sudha bisarA dii| unhone mujhe viSadhara nAgako bhA~ti DaMsa liyaa| aba mai moharUpI jaharakI laharase AkrAnta ho uThA huuN| aba usake upazamanakA ekamAtra upAya bhaktirUpI gArur3ajar3I hai| ataH he bhagavan ! hama Apake caraNoMko zaraName Aye hai| hameM pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki ApakI udAratApUrNa kRpA upalabdha hogii| Apake binA hamArA koI sahAyaka nhiiN| aura saba devatA svArthake sAthI hai", "prabhu bina kauna hamArI shaaii| aura sabai svAratha ke sAthI, tuma paramAratha mAI // bhUla hamArI hI hamako iha, mayI mahA dukhdaaii| viSaya kaSAya sasya saMga seyo, tumharI sudha visarAI // una dasiyo viSa jora bhayo taba, moha lahari car3hi AI / makti jar3I tAke haribe kU, gura gArur3a batAI // yAteM carana sarana Aye haiM, mana paratIti upaaii| bhaba jagarAma sahAya kI yehI, sAhiba sevagatAI // " jagatarAmake padoMme AdhyAtmika phAguoMkI anokhI chaTA vidyamAna hai| ye phAgu choTe-choTe rUpakome nibaddha hai / eka phAgu isa prakAra hai, "sudha budhi gorI saMga leya kara, suruci gulAla lagA re tere| samatA jala picakArI karuNA kesara guNa chirakAya re tere // bhanubhava pAni supArI caracAni sarasa raMga lagAya re tere / 1. kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikAkA pandrahavA~ traivArSika vivaraNa, saMkhyA 14 / 2. mahAvIrajI anizayakSetrakA eka prAcIna guTakA, sAijax6.pR0 160 /

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257 jaina makta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya rAma kahe je iha vidhi khele mokSa mahala meM jAya re // su0||" pada-saMgraha ___ jaina padAvalIke atirikta aura bhI aneka padokA nirmANa jagatarAmane kiyA thaa| baDautake di0 jaina mandirake zAstra bhaNDArake eka pada-saMgrahama jagatarAmake zatazaH pada aMkita hai| unake pada jayapurake badhIcandajIke zAstra bhaNDArake guTakA naM0 134 me bhI nibaddha hai / jagatarAmane apane nAmake sthAnapara kahI 'rAma' aura kahI 'jagarAma' bhI likhA hai| unake pada adhyAtmamUlA bhaktike pratIka haiN| eka padame kavike 'Anandaghana barasana' ko cAhanA aura 'sevA pada parasana' kI lAlasA dekhie, "mohi lagani lAgI ho jina jI tuma darasana kI // Teka / / sumati cAtakI kI pyArI jo pAvasa Rtu sama AnaMdadhana barasana kI / / bAra bAra tumakoM kahA kahiye tuma saba lAyaka ho meTo vithA tarasana kI / tribhuvanapati jagarAma prabhu, aba sevaka kauM yo sevA pada parasana kI // " bhakta kaviko prabhukI chavi anupama lagatI hai| use pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki yadi aise prabhukA, 'sumarana' kiyA jAye to avazya hI mokSa prApta hogaa| "adabhuta rUpa anUpama mahimA tIna loka meM chaajai| jAkI chabi dekhata indrAdika candra sUrya gaNa lAjai // dhari anurAga vilokata jAkauM azuma karama taji mAjai / jo jagarAma banai sumarana tau anahada bAjA bAjai // " laghumaMgala isameM kevala 13 padya hai| isakI hastalikhita prati di0 jaina mandira bar3otake guTakA naM0 54 patra 99-102 para aMkita hai| tIrthakarakI mAMke garbhavatI honepara indrane kuberako nagarakI nayI racanA karaneke lie bhejaa| usane use nI yojanameM vistRta bnaayaa| use svarNa aura ralase jar3a diyA / devakumAriyAM mAtAkI sevAke lie rakha dI gyiiN| chaha mAha taka ratnoMkI varSA hotI rahI, "surapati dhanindra paThAiyo, nagara racyo bisatArau jI / nau bArA jojana taNauM, kanaka ratana maI sAro jI // 1. mandira badhIcandajI, jayapura, pada-saMgraha naM0 462, patra 78174 / 2. baDautake di0 jaina mandirakA padasaMgraha, pR010|

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258 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi devakumArI mAta pai, sevA kAna raSAI jii| tAtai gahe paTa mAMsa lauM, ratanAvRSTi baraSAI jii||" 69. vizvabhUSaNa ( vi0 saM0 1729 ) vizvabhUSaNa eka prasiddha bhaTTAraka the| unakA sambandha balAtkAragaNakI aTerazAkhAse thaa| unakI guru-paramparA isa prakAra thI : zIlabhUSaNa, jJAnabhUSaNa aura jagadbhUSaNa / vizvabhUpaNane vi0 saM0 1722 mAgha kRSNa 5 ko eka samyagdarzanayantra sthApita kiyA thaa| unhoMne zaurIpurameM vi0 saM0 1724 vaizAkha kRSNa 13 ko eka mandirakA bhI nirmANa karavAyA thaa| 'jyoti prakAza' nAmake granthameM inakI aura inake kAryoMko prazaMsA kI gayI hai| inake upadezase hI paM0 hemarAjane zahara gahelIme sugandhadazamIkathA likhI thii|" isa zaharako vizvabhUSaNakA janmasthAna mAnanekA koI AdhAra nahI hai| __unakI bhaTTArakIya gaddI hathikAntameM thii| usa samaya yaha jilA AgarekA prasiddha nagara thaa| vahAM bar3e-bar3e dhArmika zrAvaka rahate the| uname vizvabhUSaNakA 1. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, vidyAdhara joharApurakara sampAdita, zolApura, pR0 132 / 2. "saM0 1722 varSe mAdhavadi 5 saume zrImUlasaMghe bha0 jagadbhapaNa tatpaTTe bha0 zrI vizvabhUSaNa tadAmnAye yaduvaMze laMvakaMcuka pacolane gotre sA bhAvate hiiraamnni|" jainasiddhAntabhAskara, pratimAlekha saMgraha, pR0 18, bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR0 128 / 3. zrImUlasaMghe valAtkAragaNe sarasvatIgacche kuMdakuMdAcAryAnvaye zrIjagatbhUSaNa zrI bha0 vizvabhUSaNadevAH svarIpuramai jinamadira pratiSThA saM0 1714 vaizAkhavadi 13 ko kaaraapitaa|" jainasiddhAntabhAskara, aMka 16, pR0 64, bhaTTArakasampradAya, pR0 128 / 4. "jJAnabhUSaNa jagadibhUSaNa vizvabhUSaNa gaNAgraNI trayI cinmayI svavinayI hitAzrayI stAd yato bhavati me vidhijyii|" vahI, pR0 13, vahI, pR0 128 / / 5. sugaMdhadazamIkathA, dillI, san 1621, padya 37-36 / 6. kA0 nA0 pra0 patrikAke 15veM traivArSika vivaraNameM, inheM zahara gahelIkA nivAsI likhA hai| 7. "nagara bar3o hathikaMta, aho hathikaMta prasiddha, dharmabhAva zrAvaga tAM haiN|" jinamatakhicarI, hindI jaina sAhityakA saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 166 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya bahuta sammAna thaa| vai vidvAna the aura dhArmika bhii| unake aneko ziSya the, jinameM bhaTTAraka lalitakItikA vizeSa nAma hai| vizvabhUSaNake alaukika vyaktitva aura asAdhAraNa guNoMse kevala janasAdhAraNa hI nahIM, apitu vidvAn bhI Ate the / ve hindIke acche kavi the| unhoMne pUjAoM, kathAoM aura anekAneka padoMko racanA kii| 'jinadattacaritta','jinamata khicarI' aura 'nirvANa maMgala' inhIkI kRtiyA~ hai| inhoMne eka 'DhAIdvIpa' bhI racA thA, jisakI kaI jayamAlAe~ hindIme hai / vizvabhUSaNakA racanA saMvat aThArahavI zatAbdIkA pUrvArddha ThaharatA hai| aisA inakI kaI kRtiyoMke racanAkAlase spaSTa hai| nirvANa maMgala isakA sambandha nirvANa-bhaktise hai| yaha hindI-padya meM likhA gayA hai| isakI eka prati jayapurake laNakarajIke mandirame sthita guTakA naM0 161me nibaddha hai| isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1729meM huI thii| yaha eka choTA-sA gIti-kAvya hai, jisame nirvANa-sambandhI bhAvoMko vyakta kiyA gayA hai| aSTAhnikA-kathA isa kathAkA nirmANa vi0 saM0 1738me huaa| imakA ullekha zrI kAmatAprasAdajI jainane apane 'hindI jaina sAhityake saMkSipta itihAsa' pR0 166 para kiyA hai / isame nandIzvarakI bhaktiko prakaTa karanevAlI kathA hai / ASAr3ha, kArtika aura phAlgunake antima ATha dinomeM aSTAhnikA-parva manAyA jAtA hai| ina dinoM nandIzvara dvIpako pUjA-bhakti kI jAtI hai| etadsambandhI bhAva hI isa kathAmeM prakaTa hue hai| AratI __isakI hastalikhita prati mandira TholiyAna, jayapurake guTakA naM0131me nibaddha hai / yaha guTakA vi0 saM0 1779 magasira badI 3kA likhA huA hai| isa kRtimeM 9 padya hai| katipaya paMktiyAM isa prakAra hai, "pahalI bhArati prabhujI kI puujaa| devaniraMjana aura na dUjA // dusarI bhArati sivadevI naMdana / makti udhAraNa karamani kaMdana // 1. rAjasthAnake jaina zAstra bhaNDAroMkI granthasUcI, bhAga 2, pR0 112 /

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260 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi AThaI Arati siva suSa pAvai / nemajI ke guNa vizvabhUSaNa gAvai // " nemijIkA maMgala isako hastalikhita prati di0 jaina mandira pATauDI, jayapurake guTakA naM0 12 meM, pannA 16-17 para nibaddha hai| kavine isakI racanA sikandarAbAdake 'pAva jina dehure'me kI thii| isakA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1698 zrAvaNa zuklA 8 diyA huA hai / avazya hI usa samaya vizvabhUSaNa kevala muni hoge, bhaTTAraka nahI / usa samayake sikandarAbAdameM dhArmika zrAvaka rahate the| unako dAnameM pravRtti thii| prArambhika paMktiyAM hai, "prathama japo parameSTi to hIyau dharau sarasvatI karahuM praNAma kavitta jina uccarau / soraThi desa prasiddha dvArikA ati banI ___ racI indra nai bhAi surani mani bahukanI // " pArzvanAthakA caritta isako hastalikhita prati bhI uparyukta guTakeme hI saMkalita hai| isakA racanAkAla nahIM diyA hai| kavine antima padyame svIkAra kiyA hai ki isakI racanA AcArya guNabhadrake uttarapurANako AdhAra mAnakara kI gayI hai| racanAmeM pravAha hai| prArambhika padya dekhie, "manau sAradA mAI, majau ganadhara citu lAI / pArasa kathA sambandha, kahau bhASA sukhadAI // jambU dakhina maratha maiM, nagara podanA mAMjha / rAjA zrI aravindajU, bhugatai sukha avAjha / / vipra tahA~ eka vasai, putra dvau rAja sucArA / kamaThu bar3au viparIta, visana se ju apArA // laghu bhaiyA marubhUti sau vasudhari daI tA nAma / rati krIr3A sejyA racyo ho kamaTha bhAva ke dhAma // " paMcameru-pUjA isa pujAkI prati badhIcandajIke mandira jayapurameM sthita guTakA naM0 125meM nibaddha hai| tIrthakaroMke abhiSeka-jalase paMcameru tIrthakSetra kahe jAte haiN| sudarzana, vijaya, acala, mandira aura vidyunmAlI, paMcamerumoke nAma haiN| inapara assI jina

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261 jaina makka kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya caityAlaya bane hue hai / sura-gaNa bhI inakI pradakSiNA diyA karate hai / jinadatta-caritta ___ isakA nirmANa vi0 saM0 1738me huA thaa| sabase pahale isakA ullekha paNDita nAthUrAmajI premIne kiyaa|' 'mizravandhu-vinoda'me bhI isakI sUcanA nibaddha hai| bAvU kAmanAprasAdajIne zrI premIjIke AdhArapara hI isakA ullekha kiyA hai| jinadattakI bhaktime isa caritakI racanA huI thii| jinamata-khicarI yaha eka choTA-sA muktaka kAvya hai| isameM 14 padya hai / jIvAtmAko paramAtmAke darzanakI pyAsa laga rahI hai| kyo na lage, paramAtmA usakA pati hai| pati abhItaka nahIM aayaa| avazya hI vaha mohamahAmada pIkara kisI bhrama-jAlame phaMsa gayA hai, "lagu rahI mo hiya ho darasana kI, piyA darasana kI Asa darasanu kahi na dIjiye // 1 // kAhaM ho bhUle bhrama pIyA, bhUle bhrama jAla, moha mahAmada pIjiye // 2 // " antame kavine likhA hai ki isake par3hanese maMgala hotA hai| maMgala isIlie hotA hai ki isame bhagavAn jinendrako zaraName jAnekA bhAva hI pradhAna hai / vaha padya dekhie, "suniyo ho mavi manu de, aho mavi manu de yAhi maMgala hohi zaraNA tanai / kInI hoM paramAratha, aho paramAratha heta, vizvabhUSana munirAjana // 14 // " pada inake dvArA racA huA eka pada jayapurake badhIcandajIke mandirame virAjamAna guTakA naM. 51me saMkalita hai| yaha guTakA saM0 1823 kArtika badI 7kA likhA huA hai| isa padakI Arambhika paMkti 'jiNa japi jiNa japi jIyaDA' hai / usameM 1.hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, pRSTha 70 / 2. mizrabandhu vinoda, bhAga 2, pRSTha 506 / 3.hindI jaina sAhityakA saMkSipta itihAsa, pRSTha 166 / 4. vahI, pRSTha 166 /

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262 hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi bhagavAn jinendrako japanekA ho bhAva pradhAna hai / eka dUsare padame apanI nindA kara yaha batAyA gayA hai ki "maiMne svayaM apaneko karmoMme bAMdhA hai phira mai unako tor3a kaise sakatA huuN| maine deva-zAstra guruko nindA kara mithyAtvako svIkAra kiyA hai| rAta-dina viSaya-carcA karake saMyamako DubA diyA hai| taba to haMsa-haMsake karmoko bAMdha liyA, aba unako bhugatate hue ronA AtA hai| aba to samyaktvase ruci karanese hI karma dUra ho sakate hai / " dekhie, "kaise dehuM karmani pori! Apa hI meM karma bAMdho, kyoM kari DArau~ tori // 1 // deva guru zruta karI nindA, gahIM mithyA Dori / kara Nisu dina viSa caracA, rachau saMjamu bori // 2 // hAMsI kari kari karma bAMdhe, tavahi jAnI thori / abahi bhugatata rudanu Avai, jaise vana ghana mori // 3 // catura ruci samyakta sauM kari, tasva sauM ruci jori / vizvabhUSana ! joti jo jovata, sakala karmanu phori // 4 // " vizvabhUSaNake aneka pada' di0 jaina mandira baDautake pada-saMgraha 58me saMkalita hai| ve uttama kAvyake nidarzana hai| vizvabhUpaNa bhakta the aura kavi bhI, yaha unake padose spaSTa hI hai| unakI dRSTime isa 'bore' jIvako sadaiva jinendrakA nAma lenA caahie| yadi yaha 'parama tatva prApta karanA cAhatA hai, to tanakI orase udAsIna ho jaaye| yadi aisA nahIM karegA to bhava-samudrame gira jAyegA aura cahu~gatime ghUmanA hogA / vizvabhUSaNa bhagavAnke 'pada-paMkaja' me isa bhAMti rA~ca gayA hai, jaise kamalome bhauMrA "jina nAma laire baurA, tU jina nAma lerai baurA / jaitU parama tatva kau cAhe to tana ko lagana jaurA // nAtarakai bhavadadhi meM parihai bhayau cahUMgati dauraa|| visabhUSaNa padapaMkaja rAcyo jyauM kamalana vici maurA // " anekAntarUpI laharake jAgRta hote hI mamatA bhAga jAtI hai| kavine use nAgina kahA hai| yaha vaha nAgina hai, jisake rUpa nahI, rekhA nahI, varNa nahIM, zobhA nhii| yaha amRta-rasame pagI rahatI hai| isake Dasanese amarapada milatA hai| isake phaNATopame aisI jvAlA utpanna hotI hai, jo yoga-rasAyanakA kAma 1. kAmatAprasAda jaina, hindI sAhityakA saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 166 / 2. padasaMgraha naM0 58, di. jaina mandira, bar3auta, pannA 48 |

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jaina mA kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 263 karatI hai / jo isako samajha lenA hai, use avazya hI mokSa-sumba upalabdha hotA hai, "sAdho nAgani jaagii| jAke jAgana mamatA mAgI, sAdho nAgani jAgI / syAda suthAna momikAvAsI vamai tahI anurAgI / rUpa na rekha varana nahiM mImA amRna rasa sauM pAgI / jAke dasai lahai bhamarApada maI avasthA naaNgii| phaNATopameM jvAlA jAgI joga smAyaNa laagii| vAda vivAda doSa saba chAMDe loka vimASA daagii| vimabhUSaNa jo yAkauM samajhe hoya mukati mukha aagii|" kavi usa yogImeM citta lagAnA cAhatA hai, jisane samyaktvako DorI kasake zIlakA kachoTA pahanA hai| jJAnarUpI gUdaDI galeme lapeTa rakhI hai| yogarUpI mAsanapara baiThA hai| vaha AdigurutA celA hai| umane moharUpI kAna phar3avAye hai, unameM zukladhyAnakI banI mudrA pahanI hai, unakI zobhA kahate nahIM bntii| kSAyakarUpI siMgI usake pAsa hai, jisameM se karaNAnuyogakA nAda nikalatA hai / vaha tattva guphAme baiThakara dIpaka jalAtA hai aura cetanarUpI ratnako prApta kara letA hai| vaha aSTakarmake kaNDoMkI dhUnI ramAtA hai, jJAnakI agni jalAtA hai| upazamake channese chAnakara samyaktvarUpI jalase mala-malakara nahAtA hai / isa prakAra vaha yogarUpI siMhAsanapara baiThakara mokSapurI jAtA hai| usane aise gurukI sevA kI hai, jisase use phira kaliyugameM nahIM AnA hogA, "tA jogI cita laauuN| samyak Doro sIla kaloTA ghuli ghuli gAMThi lgaauuN| gyAna gUdarI gala meM melauM joga Asana ThaharAU~ // Adi guru kA celA hokai moha kA kAna phraauuN| zukladhyAna mudrA dou sohai tAkI sobhA kahata na pAU~ / / pyAyaka sIMgI galameM mela karaNA nAda sunaauuN| tattvaguphA meM dIpaka joU~ cetana ratanahiM pAU~ / / aSTa karama kANDa kI dhUnI gyAnA bhagani jraauuN| upasama chana nAma sama chAnikai mali mali aMga lgaauuN|| iha vidhi joga siMhAsana baiTho mukatipurI kauM jaauuN| visabhUSaNa aise guru se bahuri na kali meM bhaauuN|" 1. vahIM, pannA 46 / 2. vaDI, pannA 46 /

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264 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi DhAIdvIpa-pATha ___ vaise to imako racanA saMskRtame kI gayI hai, kintu isakI kaI jayamAlAeM hindIme hai / uname kAvyatva hai aura bhakti bhii| 70. jinaraMgasUri (vi0 saM0 1731 ) ___ ApakA janma zrImAla jAtike 'sindhUDa' vaMzameM huA thaa| unake pitAkA nAma sAMkarasiMha aura mAMkA nAma 'sindUrade' thaa| unhoMne anupama rUpa pAyA thA / pratibhA bhI asAdhAraNa thii| jaisalamerame saM0 1678 phAlguna kRSNA 7 ko unhoMne zrI jinarAjasUrise dIkSA lI thii| zrI sUrijI kharataragaccha zAkhAke paTTadhara mUri the| unameM pUrvAcArya jinacanda aura jinasiMha sUri the, jinako samrATa akabara aura jahAMgIrane anekoM bAra sammAnita kiyA thaa| zrI jinarAjasUri bhI eka prasiddha AcArya the| unakI vizeSa khyAti thii| unhoMne kharataragacchake kalyANako dRSTime rakhakara hI jinaraMgako upAdhyAya padase vibhUSita kiyA / uname 'upAdhyAya'ke yogya yogyatA thI aura vyaktitva bhii| 1. kAmatAprasAda jaina, hindI jaina sAhityakA saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 166 / 2. siMdhur3a vaMza dinesaru, sAMkarazAha malhAra na re / 'pindUradai' ura haMsalau, kharataragaccha siNagAra na // manamohana mahimA milau, zrIraMgavijaya uvajhAya na re / sevata surataru sama bar3ai, sabahi kai mani bhAya na re / / 6 / / rAjahaMsakRta, jinaraMgasUri gIta, aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, pR0 231 / 3. saMvat sola aThahatarai, jaisalameru maMjhAri tare / / phAguNa badi sattami dinai, saMyamalyai zubha vAra na re // manamohana0 // 2 // vahI, pR0 231 / 4. bhAnucandra gaNi caritrakI bhUmikAmeM zrI mohanalAla dulIcanda desAIkRta Jain Priests at the court of Akabar al Jain Teachers at the court of Jahangir, pRSTha kramazaH 10,20 / 5. nija gaccha unnati kAraNai, zrI jinarAja surinda na re / pAThaka pada doghau vidhai, praNamai muni nA vRnda na re|| manamohana0 // 4 // rAjahaMsakRta jinaraMgasUri gIta, aitihAsika jainakAvya saMgraha, pR0 231 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 265 ra unakI sarasa aura sukomala 'desanA' se samUcA saMsAra vimohita ho jAtA thA / unakA hRdaya bhI chala-kapaTase rahita thA / ve caudaha vidyAome pAraMgata the 1 dIkSA samayakA unakA nAma raMgavijaya thA / jJAnakuzalake "jinaraMgasUri gIta" me aura sumativijayake 'jinarAja mUrigIta naM0 6' meM unako 'yuvarAja' padase sambo dhina kiyA gayA hai / yaha unakI mahattAkA hI sUcaka hai / raMgavijakI khyAtiko samrAT zAhajahA~ne bhI sunA / AmantraNa dekara bulAyA aura itanA adhika prabhAvita huA ki sAta mUbome unake vacana pramANa karanekA Adeza faramAnake dvArA diyA / zAhajahA~ke putra dArAne unako 'yugapradhAna' ke padame vibhUSita kiyA thaa| saM0 1710 me mAlapureme unako 'yugapradhAna kA pada diyA gyaa| isa avasarapara nemidAsa sindhur3ane eka zAnadAra mahotsava manAyA, jisameM anya Ayojano ke sAtha-sAtha mahAjana saMghako nAlerakI prabhAvanA bhI dI gayI / nAma bhI 'raMgavijai' se jinaraMgasUri' ho gyaa| aura vaha anta taka isI nAma se pratiSThita rhe| jinaraMgasUrikI mahimAkA bakhAna karanevAle tIna gItoM kA saMkalana, 'aitihAsika jaina- kAvya saMgraha me huA hai| tInoMke nirmAtA kramazaH rAjahaMsa, jJAnakuzala aura kamalaratna hai / 5 1. sarasa sukomala desanA, mohai sahUya saMmAra na re / kUDa kATa hIyai nahIM, sahu ko nai hitakAra na re // 3 // bhaviyaNa vAMda bhAvasyUM, jima pAyau sukha sAra na re / rUpa kalA guNa Agalau, nirmala sujasa bhaMDAra na re // 2 // jJAnakuzalakRta jinaraMgamUri gIta, aitihAsika jainakAvya saMgraha, pR0 232 // 2. jinarAjasUri pATodhaka, dasa cyAra vidyA jANa / vacana sudhAra varamato, mAna sahu ko ANa // 1 // kamalaratnakRta yugapradhAna padagItam, vahI, pRSTha 232 | 3. kharataragaccha yuvarAjiyaDa, thApyau zrI jinarAja na re / pAThaka raMgavijaya jayana, saba gacchapati siratAja na re // 1 // jJAnakuzalakA gIta, vahI, pRSTha 232 // 4. tIna pradikSaNa tUM dei karIre, zrI jI re tuM lAge pAya re / vali yuvarAjA 'raMgavijai' bhaNore, inarau karije vIra sAya re // 2 // A0 // sumativijayakRta jinarAjamUri gIta, vahI, pRSTha 177 / 5. kamalaratnakRta yugapradhAna padagItam padya 2 -- aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, pRSTha 232-33 / 34

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hindI jaina manti-kAvya aura kavi ___ jinaraMgamUri vidvAn to the hI, kAvyaracanAme bhI nipuNa the| unhoMne aneka stavanokA nirmANa kiyA, jiname-ye kuchakA prakAgana dillIke yati rAmagalajIne kiyA hai| unako racanAome 'saubhAgyapaMcamI caupaI', 'prabodha bAvanI', 'raMga bahattarI', 'caturvigatijinastotra', 'cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha stavana', 'prAstAvika dohA' aura navatattvabAlAstavana' mukhya hai / unakA paricaya nimna prakArase hai, saubhAgyapaMcamI caupaI ___ isako racanA maM0 1741 meM huI thii| usakI sUcanA mizrabadhuvinoda', 'hindo jaina sAhityakA itihAsa' aura 'aitihAnika jainakAvya saMgraha'ko bhUmikAme dI gayI hai| isake atirikta usakA aura kucha paricaya Adi vahA~ aMkita nahIM hai| 'jaina gurjarakavio'me bhI isakI sUcanA-bhara hI dI hai| aba yaha caupaI dillIse prakAzita ho cukI hai| pravodha-bAvanI isako 'adhyAtma bAvanI' bhI kahate hai| isame AtmAko sambovana kara-karake bhramAkulita saMsArase unmukta honekI bAta kahI gayI hai| isakI racanA saMvat 1731 magasira sudI 2 guruvArako huI thii| isakI eka prati saMvat 1800 ASAr3ha sudI 2 ko likhI huI abhaya jaina granthAlaya bIkAnerame maujUda hai| dUsarI prati jayapurake badhIcandajIke mandirame virAjamAna guTakA naM0 92 me nibaddha hai| isa racanAke Age nirmANa saMvat 1731 diyA huA hai| isame 54 padya hai / 'prabodha bAvanI' uttama kAvyakA nidarzana hai| usakA pratyeka padya eka guladastekI bhAMti hai| eka padyame UMkAra mantrakI mahimAkA bakhAna hai, 1. mizrabandhu vinoda, bhAga 2, pR0 513 / 2. hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, pR0 71 / 3. aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, pR0 12, prArambhameM hI nibaddha kAvyoMkA aitihAsika saar| 4. jaina gurjarakavizro, khaNDa 2, bhAga 3, pR0 1277 / 5. zaziguna muni zazi' saMvat zukla pakSa, magasara bIja guruvAra avatArI hai| svala durubuddhi ko agama bhAMti bhauti kari, sajjana mubuddhi ko sugama sukha kArI hai // 54 // prabodhavAvanI, rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthoMkI khoja, bhAga 4, pR0 88 | 6 vahI, pR087-88| 7. rAjasthAnake jaina zAstrabhaNDAroMkI granthasUcI, bhAga 3, pR0 141 /

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267 jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya "UMkAra namAmi sohe bhagama apAra, ati yaha tattamAra maMtrana kA mukhya mAnyo hai| inahIM ta joga middhi sAdha kI siddhi jAna, sAdhu maya siddha tina dhura ura dhAnyo hai| pUrana parama parasiddha parasiddha rUpa, buddhi anumAna yAko vibudha bakhAnyo hai| japai jinaraMga eso bhakSara anAdi Adi, ___jAko heya munddhi tina yAko bheda jAnyo hai // 3 // " raMga-bahatarI isako 'prAstAvika dohA' aura 'dUtAvandha bahatarI ke nAnase bhI pukArA jAtA hai| isame 72 dohe hai| unakA viSaya nIti, adhyAtma aura bhaktise sambandhita hai| bahata pahale isakA prakAzana dillIse huA thaa| aba usakA puna. prakAzana 'vIravANI' me huA hai| agaracanda nAhaTAkA sampAdana hai| abhaya jaina granthAlaya, bIkAneravAlI prati unakA mUlAdhAra hai| isa pratime 71 dohe hai / bAhya aura antaH dono hI dRSTiyose kAvya uttama koTikA hai / eka doheme yamaka alaMkArako chaTAke sAtha bhaktikA raMga hai, "dharama dhyAna dhyA nahIM, rahe ju Arata mAhiM / jinaraMga ve kaisa nara, jina raMga rattA nAhiM // 2 // " yaha manuSya apane jIvanakA bojha nahIM uThA pAtA, isapara bhI anya bojha svIkAra karatA jAtA hai, phira bhalA vaha apane lakSya taka kaise pahuMca sakegA ? eka upAya hai / jagadIzako jape, dhyAna kare, pUjA kare, "apanA mAra na uTha sake, aura leta puni sIsa / so peDe kyoM pahuMca hai, japi jinaraMga jagadIza // 50 // " eka pakSI aise piMjaDeme banda hai, jisake dasa daravAje hai| una daravAjoMke hote hue bhI yadi pakSI uDatA nahIM, to Azcarya hai, yadi ur3a jAtA hai, to Azcarya kyA hai| use ur3a hI jAnA cAhie / yahA~ zarIrako piMjaDA banAyA hai aura dama indriyoMko dasa daravAje / AtmArUpI pakSI umame kaida hai| mautake samaya vaha usame-se nikala jAtA hai| kaviko dRSTime yaha svAbhAvika hai| kavine isa svAbhAvikatAkA uttama DhaMgase nirUpaNa kiyA hai / rUpakako zAna nirAlI hai, "dasUM dvAra kA piMjaga, Atama paMchI mAMhi / jinaraMga acarija rahanu hai, gaye acammau nAhiM // 18 // "

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi jinaraMga eka udAra kavi the| unhone dharmake nAmapara kaumiyatako prazraya nahI diyA / unakA abhimata thA ki dharma avirodhI hotA hai| yadi usame dUsare dharmase virodha hai, to kahIM-na-kahIM kamI avazya hai / zaiva jaina aura musalima dharmome virodha nahIM hai| tInoMke milanese hI yaha jIva bhavasamudrake pAra utara sakatA hai, "zaivagati jainI dayA, musalamAna ikatAra / jinaraMga jo tInoM milai, to jIu utarai pAra // 37 // " caturvizati jinastotra caubIsa tIrthakarokI bhaktime isakA nirmANa huA hai| isakI prati jayapurake zrI badhIcandajIke mandirame sthita guTakA naM0 92 me sakalita hai| usapara racanA aura lekhanakAla Adi kucha bhI diyA huA nahIM hai / cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha stavana ___ isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki bhagavAn pArzvanAthakI bhaktise saba manokAmanAeM pUrI ho jAtI hai| unakA stavana 'cintAmaNi' ke samAna phaladAyI hotA hai| isakI bhI eka prati jayapurake zrI badhIcandajIke mandirame rakhe hue guTakA naM0 92 me lipibaddha hai / isameM kula 15 padya haiN| navatattva bAlA stavana __ yaha zrAvikA kanakAdevIke lie racA gayA thaa| isame navatattvoMkA vivecana hai / isakA prakAzana dillIse ho cukA hai| 71. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa - (vi0 saM0 1731-1755) jaina sAhityame bhagavatIdAsa nAmake cAra vidvAn hue hai, jiname pahale brahma cArI bhagavatIdAsa the| unakA ullekha pANDe jinadAsane 'jambUsvAmIcaritra' meM kiyA hai| ye pANDe jinadAsake guru the| dUsare "bhagautIdAsa' banArasIdAsajIke paMca mahApuruSoM meM se eka the, jinakI preraNAse 'nATaka samayasAra' kI racanA huii| tIsare bhagavatIdAsa bhaTTAraka mahendrasenake ziSya the, kintu ve bhaTTAraka na hokara 'paNDita' vizeSaNase vikhyAta the| unakA janma ambAlA jileke bUr3hiyA gAMvame huA thaa| unakA kula agravAla aura gotra baMsala thaa| ve dillIme Akara rahane lage 1. anekAnta, varSa 7, kiraNa 5-6, pRSTha 54-55 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana bhaura sAhitya 269 the / unake likhe hue lagabhaga 25 kAvya-granthokA patA calA hai, uname 'laghu sItA sanu', 'anekArtha nAmamAlA' aura 'mRgAkalekhA - carita' se adhikAMza vidvAn paricita hai / 'mRgAMka lekhAcarita' apabhraMzakI racanA hai| cauthe bhagavatIdAsa ve hai, jinakA ullekha paM0 hIrAnandajIne apane 'paMcAstikAya' ke hindI anuvAdame kiyA hai| zrI nAthUrAmajI premIkA anumAna hai ki ye hI 'brahma-vilAsa' ke karttA bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa hai / unakA sAhityika kAla saMvat 1737 se 1755 mAnA jAtA hai / bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa AgarA ke rahanevAle the / usa samaya auraMgajebakA rAjya thA, jisakI AjJA abhaMga rUpase bahatI thI / nRpatikI upakAra dRSTike kAraNa iti-bhIti kahIpara bhI vyApta nahI thii| bhagavatodAsakA janma osavAla kulame huA thA / unakA gotra 'kaTAriyA' kahA jAtA hai / unake pitAmahakA nAma datharatha sAhu thA, jo Agareke vaibhava-sampanna puruSoMme se eka the| ve dharmAtmA aura puNyavanta bhI the / unake putrakA nAma lAlajI thaa| ye ho bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke pitA the| bhaiyAko dhArmikatA, bhakti aura lakSmI janmase hI milI thI / unhoMne bho isa paramparAgata denako bhalIbhAMti nibhaayaa| unakA samaya AdhyAtmika granthoke paThana-pAThana aura gRhasthocita paTkarmoke pAlaname vyatIta hotA thA / 'bhaiyA' unakA upanAma thA / prAyaH usIkA prayoga hai| kahI kahI 'bhavika' aura 'dAsakizora' kA bhI prayoga huA hai / I 5 bhaiyA eka vidvAn vyakti the / prAkRta aura saMskRtapara to unakA aTUTa adhikAra thA / hindI, gujarAtI aura baMgalA bhI vizeSa gati thii| isake sAtha-sAtha unhe urdU aura phArasIkA jJAna thA / unakI kavitAe~ isa tathyakA nidarzana hai / mAravAr3I zabdokA prayoga bhI adhika huA hai / osavAla jAti mAravAr3a dezame utpanna huI, ataH usakA prabhAva svAbhAvika hI haiM / sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai ki unakI bhASA 1. paM0 nAthUrAma premI, hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, banbaI, pRSTha 53 | 2. brahmavilAsa meM vi0 saM0 1731 se 1755 takakI hI racanAeM saMgRhIta hai / 3. jambUdvIpa su bhAratavarSa / tAme Arya kSetra utkarSa / tahA~ ugrasenapura thAna, nagara AgarA nAma pradhAna // nRpati tahA~ rAje auraMga / jAkI AjJA bahai abhaMga | iti-bhIti vyApai nahi koya, yaha upakAra nRpati ko hoya // bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, brahmavilAsa, jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, dvitIya saMskaraNa, san 1926 I0, granthakarttAparicaya, pRSTha 305, padya 1, 3 / 4. vahI, padya, 4, 5, pRSTha 305 / 5. vahI, padya 6, pRSTha 305 /

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270 hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi prAjala tathA arthabodhaka hai| kaThina rUpaka bhI AsAna pratIta hote hai| bhaiyAma AdhyAtmikatA aura bhaktikA samanvaya thaa| ve AdhyAtmikatAke zikharapara car3he the| unhone bhakti-marovarame snAna bhI kiyA thaa| adhyAtmamUlA bhaktike jaise dRSTAnta bhaiyAko racanAome upalabdha hote hai, anya kisIme nhii| kavi banArasIdAsako bhakti bhI aisI hI thii| 'nATaka samayasAra' aura 'vilAsa'kI aneka racanAeM isakA nidarzana hai / kintu banArasI-kAvya athase iti taka prasAda guNako hI lekara calA hai. jaba ki bhaiyAme oja adhika hai / unakA 'brahmavilAsa' ojase bharA sindUra-ghaTa hai| banArasIkA 'zAntarasa' zAntikI godame panapA, jaba ki bhaiyAkA vIratAke prabhaMjaname janamA, palA aura puSTa huaa| adhyAtma aura bhaktike kSetrame vIraramakA prayoga bhaiyAkI apanI vizeSatA thii| brahma-vilAsa _ 'brahma-vilAma' kI racanA vi0saM0 1755 vaizAkha zuklA tRtIyA ravivArake dina samApta huI thii| isakA nAma 'brahma-vilAsa' svayaM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsakA hI diyA huA hai| isakA prakAzana bahuta pahale san 1903 me jaina granyaratnAkara kAryAlaya bambaIse huA thaa| isakA dvitIya saskaraNa bhI vahA~se hI san 1926 me nikala cukA hai| isameM 'bhaiyA'ko ratrI huI 67 racanAokA saMkalana hai| 'dravya saMgraha nAmako racanA 'bhaiyA'ke mitra mAnasiMhakI racI huI hai / 'cetanakarmacaritra', 'bAvIsa parIpaha', 'mUDhASTaka', 'vairAgyapacIsikA', 'paMcendriya saMvAda', 'manabattIsI', 'svapnabattIsI' aura 'paramAtmazataka' tathA phuTakala kavittome, AdhyAtmika vicArokA sarasa DhaMgase bhAvonmeSa huA hai| 'jinapUjASTaka', 'caturviMzati jina stuti', 'paramAtmAkI jayamAla', 'tIrthaMkara-jayamAlA', 'munirAjajayamAlA', 'ahikSiti pArzvanAtha stuti', 'jinaguNamAlA', 'sijjhAya aura parameSThI namaskAra', 'nirvANa kANDa bhASA', 'nandIzvarako jayamAlA', 'subuddhi-caubIsI', 'akRtrima caityAlayakI jayamAlA', 'paramAtmachattIsI,' 'caturvizati jayamAlA', aura phuTakala viSaya bhaktirasase sambandhita hai / 1. sanana matraha paMca pcaas| Rtu vasaMna vaizAkha sumAna / zuklapakSa tRtiyA ravivAra / saMgha caturvidha ko jayakAra // 305 2. tihU~ kAla ke jina bhagavAna / vaMdana karoM jori juga pAna / bhayA nAma bhagavatIdAsa / pragaTa hohu tasu brahma vilAsa // 10 // vahI, pRSTha 305 /

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jaina makka kavi : jIvana aura mAhitya bhaiyAke padome kucha aimA AkarSaNa hai, jisase pAThaka baca nahIM pAnA / eka bhakta bhagavAn jinendrakI puppAne pUjA karatA huA kahanA hai ki he bhagavan ! isa kAmadevane samUce vizvako jIta liyA hai, isI kAraga inako ghamaNDa bhI bahuta adhika ho gayA hai| mujhe pUrA vizvAsa hai ki Apake caraNokI zaraName jAnese prabala kAmadevakI nirdayatAkA mai zikAra na ho pAUMgA / devie, "jagata ke jIva jinheM jIta ke gumAnI mayau, aiso kAmadeva eka jodhA jo kahAyo hai| tAke zara jAniyata phalani ke vRnda bahu, ketakI kamala kuMda kevarA suhAyo hai| mAlatI sugaMdha cAru beli kI aneka jAti, caMpaka gulAba jina caraNa car3hAyo hai| terI hI zaraNa jina jAre na bamAya yAko, __ sumata soM pUje tohi mohi aiso bhAyo hai / / 5 // " yaha mana maMsArake vibhinna rasoMme bhaTakatA phira rahA hai| umako sambodhana karate hue kavi kahatA hai ki he mana! tU kahAM daur3A huA calA jA rahA hai, isa deha-rUpI devAlayame bhagavAn kevalI rahatA hai, tU usakI sevA kyoM nahIM karatA ? "AMkha dekhai rUpa jahAM daur3a tU hI lAge tahAM, sune jahAM kAna tahAM t hI sune bAta hai| jIma rasa svAda dherai tAko t vicAra kare, nAka sUMdhai bAsa tahAM tU hI viramAta hai / / pharsa kI ju pATha jAti tahAM kaho kauna mAMti, jahAM tahAM tero nAMva prakaTa vikhyAta hai| yAhI deha devala meM kevali svarUpa detra, tAkI kara seva mana kahAM daur3a jAna hai // 17 // bhakta jabataka apane ArAdhyako sarvotkRSTa na samajhegA, usameM ekatAnatA nahIM A sakatI / bhagavAn jinendra aise hai jinake yazako tIno loka gAte hai / ve sukhadAyaka aura zivanAyaka hai| unake darzana mAtrase hI pAtaka kAMpa uThate haiM aura ananta prakArake guNa tathA RddhiyAM prakaTa ho jAtI hai, "deva eka jinacaMda nAva, tribhuvana jasa jaMpai / deva eka jinacaMda, daraza jiha pAtaka kNpai|| 1. jinadharma pIsikA, brahmavilAsa, pR0 215 /

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272 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi deva eka jinacanda, sarva jIvana sukhdaayk| deva eka jinacanda, prakaTa kahiye zivanAyaka // deva eka tribhuvana mukuTa, tAsa caraNa nita vaMdiye / guNa anaMta pragaTahi turata, riddhi vRddhi ciranaMdiye // 15 // yaha bhava-samudra bahuta vikaTa hai, use pAra karanA koI AsAna kAma nahI hai, kintu bhakta-kaviko yaha pUrA vizvAsa hai ki paramAtmAke zuddha dhyAname vaha pAra ho sakatA hai, "vikaTa mausiMdhu tAhi taribe ko tArU kauna, ___tAkI tuma tIra Aye dekho dRSTi dharikai / abakai saMmAre te pAra bhale pahu~cata ho, abakai saMbhAre bina bUr3ata ho trik|| bahuryo phira milabo nAhiM aiso hai saMyoga yeha, deva guru grantha kari bhAye hiya dharika / tAhi tU vicAri nija Atama nihAri 'bhaiyA' dhAri paramAtamAhi zuddha dhyAna karikai // 7 // " pArzva jinendrake bhaktame apane bhagavAnke prati agAdha niSThA hai / vaha kahatA hai ki he jIva ! tU kAheko idhara-udhara bhaTakatA phiratA hai, kyo tU anya devIdevatAoko sira jhukAtA hai| terI to dina-rAtako cintA bhagavAn pArzva prabhukI sevAse hI naSTa ho jAyegI, "kAhe ko dezadizAMtara dhAvata, kAhe rijhAvata inda nriNd| kAhe ko devi au deva manAvata, kAhe ko zIsa navAvata caMda // kAhe ko sUraja soM kara jorata, kAhe nihorata mar3ha muniMda / kAhe ko soca kare dina raina tU , sevata kyoM nahiM pArzva jinanda // 14 // bhagavAnke nAmako hRdayame dhAraNa karanese hRdaya bhagavattvake guNose otaprota ho jAtA hai| usame kucha aisI sadvRttiyAM A jAtI haiM, jisase vaha sAMsArika duHkha-sukhoMse chuTakArA pA hI jAtA hai| bhagavAnke nAmakI mahimAme apAra zakti hai, 1. vahI, phuTakala kavitA, pR061| 2. vahI, zata aSTottarI kavitta, pR06 / 3. vahIM, phuTakala kavitA, pR0 61 /

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jaina maka kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya tero nAma kalpa vRkSa icchA ko na rAkhe ura, tero nAma kAmadhenu kAmanA harata hai| tero nAma cintAmana cintA ko na rAkhe pAsa, tero nAma pArasa so dArida Darata hai| tero nAma amRta piyete jarA roga jAya, tero nAma sukhamala duHkha ko darata hai| tero nAma vItarAga dharai ura vItarAgI, bhavya tohi pAya bhavasAgara tarata hai // 3 // NamokAra mantrake apanese eka ora to pApa aura bhUta-pretAdi bhAga jAte haiM, to dUsarI ora vividha prakArake vaibhava upalabdha hote hai| ataH NamokAra mantra kA pratidina dhyAna karanA cAhie, "jahAM japahi navakAra, tahAM agha kaise aaveN| jahAM japahi navakAra, tahAM byaMtara bhaja jAveM // jahAM japahiM navakAra, tahAM sukha saMpati hoI / jahAM japahiM navakAra, tahAM dukha rahai na koI // navakAra japata nava nidhi mile, sukha samUha A saraba / so mahAmantra zumadhyAnasoM, 'maiyA' nita japabo karaba // 17 // "* samyaktvakI jaina zAstroMmeM bahuta adhika mahimA hai| samyaktva dhAraNa karanevAle santa sadaiva pUje jAte rahe hai| yahA~ bhI eka kavittameM unakI stuti kI gayI hai, "svarUpa rijhavAre se suguNa matavAre se, sudhA ke sudhAre se suprANa dayAvaMta haiN| subuddhi ke athAha se suriddhapAtazAha se, sumana ke sanAha se mahAvaDe mahaMta haiN| sudhyAna ke dharaiyA se sujJAna ke karaiyA se, suprANa parakhaiyA se zakatI anaMta hai| sabai saMghanAyaka se sabai bolalAyaka se, sabai sukhadAyaka se samyaka ke saMta hai // 10 // " 1.bahI, supantha kupanya pIsikA, pR0100| 2. vahIM, phuTakara viSaya, pRSTha 277 / 3. vahI, puNya parcAsikA, pRSTha 4 /

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hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi ahikSetrake pArzvaprabhukI stuti karate-karate to bhakta kavi jaise bhAvoMke Adhikyame baha hI gayA hai, "AnaMda ko kaMda kiMdhoM pUnama ko caMda kidhoM, dekhie dinaMda aiso naMda azvasena ko / karama ko harai phaMda bhrama ko karai nikaMda, cUrai dukha dvandva sukha pUrai mahA caina ko || sevata suriMda guna gAvata narida maiyA, dhyAvata muniMda tehU pAveM sukha aina ko / aiso jinacaMda kare china meM suchaMda sutau, 274 aikSita ko iMda pArzva pUjoM prabhu jaina ko ||20|| " " 'bhaiyA' bhagavatIdAsa aura eka kiMvadantI kahA jAtA hai ki bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, dAdUpanthI bAbA sundaradAsa aura rasika ziromaNi zrI kezavadAsane eka hI guruse zikSA pAyI thii| tInoM gurubhAI the / kezavadAsane apanI rasikapriyAkI eka-eka prati donoM sAthiyoMke pAsa bhejI aura donoM hI ne usakI kar3I AlocanA kI / sundaradAsajI dvArA kI gayI usakI nindA 'sundara vilAsa' meM nibaddha hai| bhaiyAne bhI eka chanda banAyA aura usake mukhapRSThapara likhakara vApasa kara diyaa| vaha chanda isa prakAra hai, "bar3I nIti laghunIta karata hai, vAya sarata badaboya marI / phor3A Adi phunaguNI maMDita, sakala deha manu roga darI // zoNita hAr3a mAMsamaya bhUrata, vApara rIzata gharI gharI / aisI nAra nirakha kara kezava, rasika priyA tuma kahA karI ||19|| 13 isa bhA~ti 'bhaiyA', kezavadAsa ke samakAlIna the / kintu kezavadAsakA svargavAsa vi0 saM0 1670 meM ho gayA thaa| AcArya rAmacandra zuklake anusAra, unakA janma saM0 1612 aura mRtyu saM0 1674 ke Asa-pAsa huI / rasikapriyAkI racanA vi0 saM0 1648 meM huI thii| isase pramANita hai ki bhaiyAkA janma vi0 saM0 1648 se kamase kama 25 varSa pUrva to huA hI hogaa| tabhI to 1. vahI, ahikSita pArzvanAthakI stuti, pRSTha 162 | 2. brahmavilAsa, supantha kupantha pacIsikA, pRSTha 184 3. paNDita rAmacandra zuklakRta, hindI sAhityakA itihAsa, saMzodhita aura parivardhita saMskaraNa, 1667 vi0 saM0, pRSTha 250 / 4. vahI, pRSTha 257 //

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jaina makta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya donoM sAtha-sAtha par3ha sake hoMge, kintu bhaiyAkA sAhityika kAvya 1731-1755 nizcita hai, to phira yaha to ho makatA hai ki saM0 1700 se dasa-bAraha varSa pUrva unakA janma huA ho, kintu 17vI zatAbdIkA prathama pAda to kisI bhI dazAme pramANita nahIM hotA / sambhAvanA to yaha hai ki bhaiyAne apane sAhityika kAlame 'rasikapriyA' kahIse bhI lekara par3hI hogI aura usapara yaha kavitta raca DAlA hogaa| ___ yaha bhI saca hai ki bhaiyAne kezavake azlIla zRMgArako bhale hI duradurAyA ho kintu unakI alaMkArapriyatAse ve avazya hI prabhAvita hue the| unake kAvyameM rUpaka, yamaka, anuprAsa aura citrAlaMkAroMkI bharamAra hai| rUpakake lie unake 'cetana karma caritra', 'zata aSTottarI' aura 'madhuvinduka caupAIko liyA jA sakatA hai / yamakakA eka dRSTAnta, isa prakAra hai, "ujare bhAva ajJAna, ujare jiha~ teM baMdhe the| ujare nirakhe bhAna, ujare cArahu gatina teM // 6 // " 'brahma vilAsa' anuprAsakI chaTAse to vyApta hI hai| kaI bhApAoMke jJAtA honese 'bhaiyA'kA zabdajJAna paripuSTa thaa| usIke balapara pade-pade anuprAsakA saundarya bikhara sakA / sabase bar3I bAta hai usakI svaabhaaviktaa| kegavakI bhAMti prayatnapUrvaka khIMcatAna nahIM hai| isI kAraNa kRtrimatA nahI hai| sahaja gati hai| aise hI anuprAsoMke nirjharase jaba vIrarasa phanaphanAkara baha uThatA hai, to citra-sA khica jAtA hai, "arina ke ThaTTa daha vaTTa kara DAre jina, karama sumana ke paTTana ujAre haiN| narka tirajaMca caTa paTTa deke baiTha rahe, viSecaura jhaTTa jhaTTa pakara pachAre haiN| mau bana kaTAya DAre bhaTTa mada duTTha mAre, madana ke deza jAre krodha hu saMhAre hai| car3hata samyakta sUra bar3hata pratApa pUra, sukha ke samUha bhUra siddha ke nihAre haiN| citrabaddha kavitA 'brahmavilAsa' ke pR0 292 se 304 taka saMkalita hai / usame 1. yamakake lie paramAtmazatakake 3-15, 20, 25, 26, 40 aura 41veM dohoMko dekhie brahmavilAsa, pRSTha 276-285 / 2. "he Atman ! ajJAna bhAva / ( ujare ) ujar3e arthAt vinAzako prApta hue, jinase AtmA ( ujare ) ujale arthAt pragaTa rUpase banda ho rahA thaa| aura jaba jJAnasUrya (ujare ) ujjvala dekhe gaye, taba cAroM gatiyose ujare arthAt chUTe, jisakA artha hai siddhAvasthAko prApta hue|" brahmavilAsa, paramAtmazataka, padya 6, hindI anuvAda, TippaNI, pR0 276 / 3. brahmavilAsa, phuTakara kavitta, pR0 273 /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi antApikA aura bahirlApikA bhI nibaddha haiN| citrabaddha kavitAoMkI paramparA jainoMmeM bahuta purAnI hai| saMskRtake jaina rIti-granthoke kartAoMne bhI citrabaddhakavitAkI racanA paryApta mAtrAme kI hai| 72. ziromaNidAsa (vi0 saM0 1732 ) ziromaNidAsa nAmake tIna kavi hue hai| uname prathama ziromaNi mizra the| unhone saM0 1674meM 'jasavanta vilAsa kI racanA kI thii| dUsare ziromaNidAsa bhI brAhmaNa the| ve zAhajahA~ke daravArameM rahate the| vahAM unakI pratiSThA thii| unakA samaya 1700 ke Asa-pAsa mAnA jAtA hai| prastuta ziromaNidAsa paNDita gaMgAdAsake ziSya the| unakI jaina dharmameM niSThA thii| unhoMne tatsambandhI granthokA hI nirmANa kiyaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ye bhaTTAraka sakalakIrtise prabhAvita the| unake upadezoMse prerita hokara hI inhone nagara siMgarauname rahakara eka bRhad granthakA nirmANa kiyA thaa| usa samaya siMgaraunameM rAjA devIsiha rAjya karate the| isa granthakA nAma 'dharmasAra' thaa| 'kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA ke khoja-vivaraNoMme jisa 'dharmasAra kA ullekha hai, usakI samApti Agareme mAnI gayI hai| aura bhaTTAraka sakalakrItise prabhAvita honekI koI bAta nahIM hai| isakA samarthana inake race hue eka dUsare grantha 'siddhAnta ziromaNi se bhI hotA hai, jisameM unhone zvetAmbara yatiyoM aura digambara bhaTTArakoM donoM hI ko kharI-kharI sunAyI hai| inakI racanAoMmeM samyaktva pradhAna hai| unheM banArasIdAsaka 'adhyAtamiyA~' sampradAyakI paramparAmeM ginA jAnA cAhie / ve Agareke hI rahanevAle the| ___ abhItakakI khojoMme unakI do racanAeM upalabdha huI hai-'dharmasAra' aura siddhAnta ziromaNi' / donoM ho meM bhakti-kAlakI mukhya-mukhya pravRttiyAM pradhAna hai| 'sidAnta ziromaNi'me dharmake nAmapara ADambarake virodhame vidroha hai, jaisA ki santa kaviyoMmeM thaa| 'dharmasAra meM nirguNa aura saguNa bhaktikA samanvaya hai / usameM manako sambodhana kara-karake saMsArake mAyA-moha aura apane zuddha rUpako prApta karanekI preraNA hai tathA tIrthakara, jinavANI aura paMcaparameSThIko vandanA bhI hai| 1. mizrabandhu vinoda, bhAga 2, pR0 424 / 2. vahI, pR0 418 / 3. kA nA0 pra0 patrikAkA pandrahavA~ traivArSika vivaraNa, saMkhyA 200, antima prazasti /

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27. jaina makta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya siddhAnta ziromaNi yaha eka choTI-sI racanA hai| isameM samyaktvako sahI paribhASAkA vizleSaNa hai / madhyakAlameM dharmake nAmapara bar3hate zithilAcArakA prabhAva jainopara bhI par3A thaa| zvetAmbara yati aura digambara bhaTTAraka usake pratIka the| ziromaNidAsane unakI kharI AlocanA kii| unheM jana-virodha sahanA par3A / unhoMne paravAha nahI kii| jo AtmAko sahI AvAja na suna sake, vaha kyA kAnavAlA kahalAyegA ! unakI nirbhIkatA kabIra-jaisI yo kinnu kabIra jaisA mastAnApana nahIM thaa| kabIrane to maryAdA mAnI hI nhiiN| ve usake dheraimeM kabhI na ghire, ziromaNidAsa ghire , kintu usako galata bandizako kabhI svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| ziromaNidAsake do padya hai, "nahIM digambara nahIM vRta dhAra, ye jatI nahIM mava mamaiM apAra / yaha suna ke kachu lIje sAra, uttara cAhI mava ke pAra // 57 // siddhAnta siromani sAstra ko nAma, kInau samakita rASibai kai kAma / jo kou paDhe sunai nara nAri, samakita lahai suddha apAra // 54 // " dharmasAra isakI racanAke viSayame do saMvat upalabdha hote hai / prAmANika pAMca pratiyoMme isakA racanA-saMvat 1732 vaizAkha sudI 3 par3A huA hai| isakI eka hastalikhita prati, jayapurake badhIcandajIke mandirame, veSTana naM0 869 me baMdhI rakhI hai| jisa pratipara racanA-saMvat 1751 par3A huA hai, usakA ullekha 'kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA'ke pandrahaveM vArSika vivaraNako saMkhyA 220 para huA hai| sampAdakoMko yaha prati jaina mandira kaThavArI, DA0 runukatA, jilA AgarAse prApta huI hai| isa saMvatkA samarthana karanevAlA dohA dekhie, "saMvata satrai sai ikAvanA, nagara Agare mAhiM / ___ bhAdoM sudi suSa dUja ko, bAla pAla pragaTAya // " paM0 nAthUrAmajI premIne vi0 saM0 1732 ko hI racanAkAla mAnA hai| 1. hindI jaina sAhityakA saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 168 / 2. saMvat 1732 vaizAkha mAna ujjvala puni dosa / tRtIyA akSaya zanIsameta bhavijana ko maMgala sukhadeta // dekhie, zrI mandirajI ku~cA seTha dillIkI hastalikhita prati / 3. hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, bambaI, 1617 I0, pRSTha 67 /

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278 hindI jaina bhakti kAnya aura kavi ho sakatA hai 1751 lekhanakAla ho / 'dharmasAra meM 763 dohA-caupAI haiN| eka bhakti-bharA padya hai, "vIra jinesura punavauM deva / indra narendra kara tuma seva / aura vandauM hU~ guru jina pAya / sumirata tinake pApa nasAya // baratamAna no jina para Isa / kara jorU jina nAU~ sIsa / jai jinendra bhavi muni kahaiM / pUjahUrta meM saramana ghaiN|" 73. dyAnatarAya (janma vi0 saM0 1733, sAhityika kAla 1780) dyAnatarAya Agareke rahanevAle the| inakA janma agravAla vaMza aura goyala gotrame huA thaa| inake pitAkA nAma zyAmadAsa aura pitAmahakA nAma vIradAsa thaa| inake pUrvaja lAlapurake nivAsI the aura vahAMse hI Agareme Akara rahane lage the| dyAnatarAyakA janma vi0 saM0 1733 me AgaremeM huaa| zikSA bhI ThIka DhaMgase huii| eka ora to unheM urdU-phArasIkA jJAna karAyA gayA aura dUsarI aura saMskRtake mAdhyamase dhArmika granthoMkA paThana-pAThana huaa| ataH unheM saMskRta aura fArasI donoM hI kA jJAna thaa| unakI bhASApara bhI donoMkI chApa hai| jahAMtaka bhAva-dhArAkA sambandha hai, unhoMne fArasI sAhityase kucha nahIM liyA, saba kucha saMskRta sAhityase hI anuprANita hai| sAhityika-paramparA, jisakA unhoMne anukaraNa kiyA, vizuddha bhAratIya hai| ___kavi jaba kevala 15 varSake the, arthAt vi0 saM0 1748 meM unakA vivAha ho gyaa| unhoMne gRhasthAzramakA bar3A hI karuNA-bharA citra aMkita kiyA hai| ho sakatA hai ki unakA gRhastha jIvana duHkhoMse ota-prota rahA ho| eka sthAnapara unhone likhA hai, "na to rojagAra hI banatA hai aura na gharameM hI dhana hai| khAneko bahuta fikara hai aura patnI gahanA cAhatI hai| kahI udhAra nahIM miltaa| sAjhodAra cora svabhAvake haiM, gharameM dhana nahIM A paataa| eka putra jvArI ho gayA aura eka mara gyaa| putrI jaba byAhake yogya huI to usakA vivAha kara diyA, kintu vivAhoparAnta vaha bhI divaMgata ho gyii| ina sukha-duHkhoMko jo jAnatA hai, usakA bhalA kyA kahanA?" 1. rujagAra bana nAhiM dhana to na ghara mAhiM khAne kI phikara bahu nAri cAhai ghnaa|

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 279 usa samaya AgaremeM mAnasiMha aura bihArIdAsa jaina dharma ke ghurandhara vidvAn kahe jAte the / ve AdhyAtmika carcAoMke kendra the / 'mAnasiMhakI sailI' to atyadhika prasiddha thI / dyAnatarAya unase bahuta prabhAvita hue, aura donoM hI ko apanA guru banAyA / isa bhA~ti vi0 saM0 1746 meM unhoMne jainadharmasambandhI sudRr3ha niSThA prApta kii| yaha niSThA rukI nahIM, Age calakara jaina-bhaktike rUpameM vikasita huI / dyAnanarAyane anekAneka jaina pUjAoMkA nirmANa kiyA / unhoMne AdhyAtmika padoMkI bhI racanA ko, jo 'dharmavilAsa' meM saMkalita haiN| vaise to jaina - bhaktikI paramparA nirantara calI A rahI thI, kintu hindI pUjAoMke rUpameM aisA sarala yogadAna, sivA dyAnatarAyake koI dUsarA na de sakA thA / unhoMne vi0 saM0 1777 meM zikharajIkI yAtrA bhI kI thii| vi0 saM0 1780 me ve dillIme Akara rahane lage / vahA~ paNDita sukhAnandajI dharma- carcAoke jIvanta kendra the / unake saMsargase kavikA bhakti pravaNa hRdaya uttarottara vikasita hotA gayA, aura Aja ve apanI racanAoMmeM amara hai / dharmavilAsa' yaha dyAnatarAyakI samUcI racanAoMkA saMkalana hai| isakI samApti vi0 saM0 1780 meM huI thI / usa samaya kavi mahodaya Agarese dillImeM Akara rahane lage the / isameM kevala padoMkI hI saMkhyA 333 haiM, kucha pUjAeM haiM aura anya 45 viSayoMpara bhI likhA gayA hai / granthake sAtha vistRta prazasti bhI nibaddha hai, jisase tatkAlIna AgarekI sAmAjika paristhitikA acchA paricaya milatA hai / " dene vAle phiri jAhi mile to udhAra nAhi sAjhI mile cora ghana Avai nAhi lahanA // koU pUta jvArI bhayo ghara mAhiM suta thayo, eka pUta mari gayau tAko dukha sahanA / putrI vara joga bhaI vyAhI sunA jama laI, ete duHkha sukha jAne tise kahA kahanA // dharmavilAsa, kalakattA, antima prazasti / 1. kucha aMzoMko chor3akara zeSakA prakAzana jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattAseho cukA hai| 2. idhai koTa u bAga jamanA bahai hai bIca, pacchima soM pUraba loM asIma pravAha sauM /

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280 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi ___kaviko ahaMkAra bilakula nahIM thaa| vinaya aura laghutAkA bhAva hI prabala thaa| isa racanAke antame apanI laghutA dikhAte hue kavine kahA, "akSaroMse tuka huI aura tukase chanda bane / chanda aura artha milakara Agama bnaa| kintu isa Agama, artha aura suchandake kartA hama nahIM hai| yaha to gaMgAkA jala lekara gaMgAko hI arghya diyA gayA hai| hamane to anAdi ananta zanda-gaMgAse jJAna liyA aura usIko samarpita kara diyaa|" isa racanAke katipaya padoMko bhAvasahita nIce de rahA huuN| usase spaSTa ho jAyegA ki dyAnatarAya kaThinase kaThina bhAvako bhI AsAna bhASAmeM vyakta kara sakate the| ___ bhagavAnne, seTha sudarzana, satI sItA, vAriSeNa, zrIpAla aura somApara AnevAlo vipattiyoMko dUra kiyaa| isase ve atyadhika sukhI hue| kintu na jAne kyoM bhagavAnne mere samaya bahuta vilamba kiyA hai| mujhe abhItaka unakI kRpA prApta nahIM huii| aisA upAlambha dete hue bhakta kahatA hai, "merI bera kahA DhIla karI jii| sUlI soM siMhAsana kInA, seTha sudarzana vipati harI jI // sItA satI agani meM baiThI, pAvaka nIra karI sagarI jii| vAriSeNa pai khaDaga calAyo, phUla mAla kInI sutharI jii|| dhanyA vApI paratho nikAlyo, tA ghara riddha aneka marI jii| sirIpAla sAgara te tArayo, rAjamoga kai mukati varI jI // sAMpa kiyo phUlana kI mAlA, somA para tuma dayA dharI jii| 'dyAnata' meM kachu jAMcata nAhI, kara vairAgya dazA hamarI jI // " dyAnatarAyake upAlambha atyadhika sarasa hote hai| uname bhAvapravaNatA aura hRdayako chUneko sAmarthya hotI hai| bhaktane bhagavAnse kahA ki - Apa dInadayAlu kahalAte haiM, kintu hama dIna isa saMsArameM hI mara-khapa rahe haiM aura Apa svayaM mokSa aramanI kasamorI gujarAtI mArabArI, narau setI jAmai bahu desa basaiM cAha sauN| rUpacaMda bAnArasI caMda jI bhagautIdAsa, jahAM bhale bhale kavi dyAnata uchAha sauN| aise Agare kI hama kauna bhAMti sobhA kaheM, bar3o dharma thAnaka hai dekhie nigAha sauN| dharmakliAsa, kalakattA, antima prazasti, 30vA~ padya / 1. vahI, 54vA~ pdy|

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jaina bhana kavi : jIvana aura mAhitya 28. meM jA baiThe haiN| hama mana, vacana, kAyase tumhArA nAma japate hai, lekina tuma hameM kucha nahIM dete| hama bhale-bure jo kucha bhI hai, tumhAre bhakta hai / hama aparAdhI haiM, kintu Apa to kamNAke mamudra ho| he bhagavan ! kevala eka bAra hamako isa bhavame nikAla lo, "numa prabhu kahiyata dInadayAlu / mApana jAya mukati maiM baiThe, hama ju rulata jaga jAla / numaro nAma japaM hama nIke, mana vaca tInoM kAla / tuma to hamako kacha deta nahi, hamaro kauna havAla | bhale bure hama bhagata tihAra, jAnata ho hama cAla / aura kachu nahiM yaha cAhata haiM, rAga doSa ko TAla // hama sauM cUka paro so bakaso, tuma to kRpA-visAla / dhAnata eka bAra prabhu jagata, hamakoM lehu nikAla tum0||" manako ekAgra kiye binA kucha nahIM ho sakatA / yoga, samAdhi, japa, tapa aura pUjAdi sabhI manako ekAgratA to abhISTa hai hii| paramezvarake prati satya rahanese aura laukika vaibhavoMkI cAha chor3a denese maname sthiratA AtI hai| sthira manase hI vaha tapa tapA jA sakatA hai. jisase phira na tapanA pahe. sthira manase hI vaha japa japA jA sakatA hai, jo phira na japanA pdd'e| sthira manase hI vaha vrata kiyA jA sakatA hai jo phira na karanA paDe, aura sthira manase hI aisI mauta marA jA sakatA hai jo phira na maranA pdd'e| paMcaparameSThiyoMkI zaraNameM jAnese maname ekAgratA to AtI hI hai, paMcendriyA~ bhI vazameM ho jAtI hai, "aiso sumirana kara mere mAI, pavana bhai mana kitahuM na jAI / paramesura sauM sA~ca rahIjai, lokaraMjanA ko taja dIjai // japa aru nema dou vidhi dhAra, Asana prANAyAma saMmAra / pratyAhAra dhAranA kIje, dhyAna samAdhi mahArasa pIjai / / so tapa tapo bahuri nahiM tapanA, so japa japo bahuri nahiM japanA / so vrata dharo bahuri nahiM dharanA, aipo maro bahuri nahiM maranA / paMca parAvartana lakhi lIjai, pAMcoM indrI ko na panIjai / 'dhAnata' pAMcoM lacchi lahIjai, paMca parama guru zarana gahIje // " pUjA-sAhitya dyAnatarAyane anekAneka pUjAoMkA nirmANa kiyaa| kucha to pratidina mandirameM paDhI jAtI hai aura kucha kevala parvake dinomeM hI / ye mukhya hai' : devazAstraguru pUjA, 1. sabhI 10 pannAlAlajI bAkalIvAla-dvArA sampAdita vRhajjinavANI saMgrahameM prakAzita ho cukI haiM aura kucha bhAratIya jJAnapITha pUjAMjali meM bhI chapI haiN|

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282 hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi bIsa tIrthakara pUjA, videhakSetra pUjA, paMcameru pUjA, dazalakSaNa dharmapUjA, solaha kAraNa pUjA, ratnatraya pUjA, nirvANa kSetra pUjA, nandIzvara dvIpa pUjA, aSTAhnikA pUjA, siddhacakra pUjA, sarasvatI pUjA / iname-se devazAstraguru pUjAkI adhika khyAti hai| devase tAtparya sAkSAt bhagavAna arihantase hai, sAdhAraNa devose nhii| zAstrapUjAkA artha una zAstrose haiM, jiname bhagavAn arhanta ke muMhase nikale hae divya vacana nibaddha hai| AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu guru mAne gaye hai| ve hI saMsAra-samudrase pAra karaneke lie jahAjake samAna hai| tIno hI kI samuccaya rUpase aSTa dravyose pUjA kI gayI hai| tInoM ho 'ratana' ke mamAna hai, jinako bhaktise 'paramapada' prApta hotA hai, "prathama deva arahaMta suzruta siddhAnta jU / guru niragrantha mahaMta mukatipura paMtha juu|| tIna ratana jagamAhiM so ye bhavi dhyAiye / tinakI bhakti prasAda parama pada pAiye // 1 // pUjoM pada arahaMta ke, pUjoM guru pada maar| pUjoM devI sarasvatI, nitaprati praSTa prakAra // 2 // " solaha kAraNa pUjAme gambhIra guNavAle jinendrake caraNopara kaMcana-jhArIse nirmala-nIra car3hAte hue bhakta bhAva-vibhora hokara jaya-jayakAra karate hue eka layame kaha uThatA hai : "kaMcana-bhArI niramala nIra pUjoM jinavara guna-gaMbhIra / paramaguru ho jaya jaya nAtha parama guru ho // darazavizuddhi bhAvanA mAya solaha tIrthakara-pada-dAya / paramaguru ho jaya jaya nAtha parama guru ho // " paMcameruoMko pUjAme saMgItakI laya hai / paMcameruoke assI jina mandira aura saba pratimAoMko namaskAra karate hue bhakta kahatA hai, he nAtha ! Apako dekhakara mujhe aisA sukha hogA, jise 'parama sukha' ke atirikta aura kucha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| "sItala-miSTa-suvAsa milAya, jala soM pUjauM zrI jinarAya / mahAsukha hoya, dekhe nAtha parama sukha hoya // pA~coM meru asI jina dhAma, saba pratimA ko karoM pranAma / mahAsukha hoya, dekhe nAtha parama sukha hoya // " 1. zAnapITha pUjAMjali, pRSTha 106 //

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jaina maka kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 203 nandIzvarake 52 caityAlaya aura unameM virAjamAna pratimAoMme meM kucha aisA teja phUTatA hai, jisake samakSa karor3o candra aura mUryoko duti bhI phokI hai| ne vacanase nahIM bolane, kintu unako to dekhane- mAme hI mamyaktva paidA ho jAtA hai : "koTi-zazi-mAna-duti-neja chipa jAna hai| mahA-bairAga-pariNAma ThaharAta hai / / vayana nahiM kaha lakhi hota samyakvaraM / mauna bAvanna pratimA namoM sukhakara // 2 // " 'nirvANa-kSetra-pUjA'ko jayamAlAme 'sammedazikhara' kI mahimAkA varNana karate hue kavine kahA ki eka bAra jo koI usako vandanA kara letA hai, ume phira naraka-pazu-gati nahI hotI hai| nara-pati deva-pati bana jAtA hai| vaha ihalaukika bhogoMko bhogakara bhI ziva-sukhako pA letA hai| sammedazikhara vighnoMkA vinAza karake kalyANa karanevAlA hai| umame sasArase pAra lagAneko sAmarthya hai. "bIsoM siddha bhUmi jA uupr| zikhara sammaMda-mahAgiri bhU para // eka bAra baMda jo koii| tAhi naraka-pazu-gani nahiM hoI // 8 // narapati nRpa sura zakra kahAvai / tihu~ jaga-moga mogi ziva pAcai / vighna-vinAzana mNglkaarii| guNa-vilAsa baMdau bhavatArI // 9 // " stotra-sAhitya dyAnatarAyane 'svayambhU stotra', 'pArzvanAtha stotra' aura 'ekIbhAva stotra'ko racanA kI thI, jinameM prathama do maulika aura antima zrI vAdirAja sUrike saMskRta 'ekIbhAva stotra' kA bhAvAnuvAda hai| svayambha stotrame caubIsa padya hai| caubIsa tIrthakaroma-se pratyekako mahimAme eka-ekakA nirmANa huA hai| yaha stotra prAyaH pUjAokI samAptipara paDhA jAtA hai / bhagavAn pArzvanAtha aura varddhamAnakI mahimAme bane hue do padya dekhie| "detya kiyo upasarga apAra, dhyAna dekhi Ayo phanidhAra / gayo kamaTha zaTha mukha kara zyAma, namoM meru sama pArasa svAma // 23 // bhava sAgara teM jIva apAra, dharama pota maiM dhare nihAra / DUbata kAr3he dayA vicAra, vadamAna vaMdauM bahubAra // 2 // "

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hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi 'pArzvanAtha stotra' prasiddha haiM / isame saMgItakI laya hai aura bhAvoMkA pravAha | vaha bhagavAn duHkhiyoMke duHkhako haranevAlA, sukha denevAlA aura sevakoMke hRdaya meM mahAn Anandako varSA karanevAlA hai| usake sevako ke pAsa bhaya to phaTakatA ho nahIM / vaha bhagavAn daridroMko dhana, aputroMko putra bhI detA hai / dekhie, "dukhI duHkhaharttA sukhI sukkhakarttA / sadA sevakoM ko mahAnanda bharttA // hare yakSa rAkSasa bhUtaM pizAcaM / viSaM DAMkino vighna ke bhaya bhavAcaM // 3 // daridvIna koM dravya ke dAna dIne / putrIna ko tU male putra kIne // mahAsaMkaToM se nikArai vidhAtA / sabai saMpadA sarva ko dehi dAtA // 4 // " 284 AratI sAhitya dyAnatarAyako pA~ca AratiyA~ 'jinavANI saMgraha 'me prakAzita ho cukI hai / ye pA~coM kramazaH 'iha vidhi maMgala Arati kIjai', 'Arati zrI jinarAja tihArI', 'Arati kIjai zrI munirAja kI', 'karoM AratI varddhamAna kI', aura 'maMgala AratI AtamarAma' se prArambha hotI hai / prathama AratI paMcaparameSThIkI bhakti meM racI gayI hai / ve bhava-samudrase tAranevAle, bhava-pherIko miTAnevAle, janma-maraNake duHkhoMko dUra karanevAle, pApoMko haTAnevAle aura kumatikA vinAza karanevAle haiM / dvitIya AratI zrI jinarAjakI AratI hai, jo karmokA dalana karanevAle aura santoMke hitakArI hai / vaha bhagavAn hI saba devoMkA deva hai aura sura-nara-asura sabhI usakI sevA karate hai / jo koI usakI zaraNameM gayA vaha bhava- samudrase tira gayA / bhagavAnke guNa itane adhika haiM ki gaNadhara bhI pAra nahIM pA paate| vaha bhagavAn karuNAkA sAgara hai aura apane bhaktako sadaiva sukha detA hai, "sura nara asura karata tuma tumahIM saba devana ke Arati zrI jinarAja karama dalana saMtana bhava bhaya mIta zarana te paramAratha paMtha 1. bRhajjanavANI saMgraha, pRSTha 517 1 sevA / devA // tihArI / hitakArI || je Aye / lagAye //

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285 jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya jo tuma nAma japai mana maahiiN| janama marana bhaya tAko naahiiN|| tuma guNa hama kaise kari gaaveN| gaNadhara kahata pAra nahiM pAvai / / karuNAsAgara karuNA kiije| dhAnata sevaka ko sukha dIje // " tRtIya AratI zrI munirAjako hai, jo adharmokA uddhAra karanevAle hai / unake caritrakA guNagAna karate hue kavi kahatA hai, "ve zatru-mitra aura sukha-duHkhako samAna mAnate hai tayA lAbha aura alAbhako bhI barAbara samajhate hai|'' caturtha AratI bhagavAn mahAvIrako bhaktime racI gayI hai| ve bhagavAn manuSyoko tAranemeM bhI vaise hI paTu haiM, jaise ki apane karmoke vidIrNa karaneme / ve zIlavAnoMme sarvotkRSTa hai aura 'ziva-tiya' kA bhoga karanevAle haiN| ve mana-vacana aura kAyase yogI hai, "rAga-vinA saba jaga jana tAre; dveSa vinA saba karama vidAre / karauM bhAratI varddhamAna kI, pAvApura niravAna thaa| kI // 1 // zIla dhuraMdhara zivatiya mogI, manavacakAni kahiye yogI // karauM AratI vaImAna kii| pAvApura niravAna thAna kI // 2 // " paMcama AratI AtamarAmako hai| isameM eka utkRSTa rUpaka hai| AtmA hI bhagavAn rAma hai| vaha bhagavAn tanarUpI mandirameM virAjamAna hai| bhakta aSTa dravyoMse usako pUjA karatA hai| samarasakA Ananda hI jala-candana hai, tattvasvarUpa tandula, anubhava-sukha naivedyakA bharA huA thAla, jJAna dopaka, dhyAna dhUpa aura nirmala-bhAva mahAphala hai| sabako milAkara arghya bana jAtA hai| isa bhAMti bhavika jana jo navadhA-bhaktimeM pravINa hai, saguNakI bhAMti hI AtmArUpI rAmameM ekaniSTha ho tallona ho rahe haiN| dekhie, "maMgala Arato AtamarAma / tana maMdira mana uttama ThAna / samarasa jala caMdana AnaMda / taMduka tatva svarUpa amaMda / / samayasAra phUlana kI mAla / anubhava sukha nevaja bhari thAla / dIpaka jJAna dhyAna kI dhUpa / nirmala mAva mahAphaka rUpa / / suguNa bhavika jana ikarasa lIna / nihacai navakA makti-pravIna // " 1. bRhajjinavANI saMgraha, pRSTha 516 / 2. zAnapITha pUjAMjali, khaNDa 7, pRSTha 534 / 3. bRhajinavANI saMgraha, pR0 522 /

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hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi jaba koI vyakti atyadhika utsAha ke sAtha antarhRdayame virAjamAna paramAtmAkA dhyAna lagAyegA, to yaha siddha bAta hai ki dhyAnakI utkRSTa avasthAme vaha paramAtmAmaya ho jAyegA, arthAt vaha aura usakA sAhaba eka ho jAyegA / jaina loga aise dhyAnako zukla dhyAna kahate hai / dyAnatarAyane bhI aisA hI kucha kahA hai, 286 "dhuni utasAha su anahada gAna / parama samAdhi nirata paradhAna || bAhira zrAtama bhAva bahAvai / antara hai paramAtama dhyAvai // sAhaba sevaka bheda miTAya / yAta ekamaMka ho jAya // " samAdhimaraNa dyAnatarAyakA racA huA samAdhimaraNa choTA samAdhimaraNa kahalAtA hai| isame kula dasa padya hai | yaha 'bRhajjanavANI saMgraha' me prakAzita ho cukA hai| dharma paccIsI isame kula 27 padya hai / yaha bhI uparyukta 'jinavANI saMgraha' meM nibaddha hai / isame jaina dharma ke prati agAdha zraddhA pradarzita kI gayI hai| eka sthAnapara kavine kahA hai ki jaina dharmake binA manuSya vaise hI hai jaise candrake binA rAtri, dA~take binA hAthI, aura kantake binA taruNa nArI, "caMda vinA niza gaja vina daMta / jaise taruNa nAri vina kaMta // dharma vinA yoM mAnuSa deha / tAtaiM kariye dharmaM saneha // " nIrake binA sarovara zobhA nahI pAtA, gandhake binA puSpakA kucha mUlya nahIM aura ghanake binA gharame koI saundarya nahI A pAtA, Thoka vaise hI dharmake binA manuSya bhI suzobhita nahIM hotA, " jaise gaMdha binA hai phUla / nIra vihIna sarovara dhUla // jyoM dhana bina zobhita nahiM mauna / dharma vinA nara syauM citauna // 33 // " 1 kamalA capala hai aura yauvana jarAme badala jAtA hai| suta, mitra aura nArIkA saMyoga bhI kSaNika hai / saMsArakA bhoga svapnake samAna hai / yaha dekhakara zuddha svabhAvase jaina dharma meM zraddhA rakhanI caahie| jaisA bhAva hogA vaisI hI gati milegI, "malA capala rahe thira nAya / yauvana kAMti jarA lapaTAya || sumita nArI nAva saMjoga / yaha saMsAra supana kA moga //

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jaina mata kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya yaha lakhi cita dhara zuddha mumAva / kIje zrI jinadharma upAya // yathAmAva jaisI gati gahai / jaisI gani taimA mugva lahai // 16 // " adhyAtma paMcAsikA imame ThIka pacAsa padya hai, jaisA ki isake nAmase bhI spaSTa hai| isako 'sambodha pacAmikA' bhI kahate hai / imame kahA gayA hai ki vizuddha AtmAke pAsa hote hue bhI yaha jIva idhara-udhara bhaTakatA phiratA hai / bhramAkulina jIvakI dazA vividha dRSTAnnose vyakta kI gayI hai| "jaise kAhU puruSa ke dravya gavyo ghara mAhi / udara bharai kara mIgva hI, byaurA jAnaiM nAhiM / / 13 / / tA nara soM ki nahIM kahIM tU kyau mAMga bhIkha / tara ghara maiM nidhi gar3I, dInI uttama sIkha // 14 // " anya racanAe~ dyAnatarAyakRta kucha racanAoMkI sUcanA 'rAjasthAnake jaina zAstra bhaNDArIko grantha-sUcI bhAga 3'se bhI prApta huI hai| isameM 108 nAmoMko guNamAlA' 'dazasthAna caubIsI' aura 'chaha DhAlA' prasiddha haiN| 'dazasthAna caubIsI'meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroMke nAma, mAtA-pitAke nAma, U~cAI aura Ayu Adi 10 bAtokA varNana hai| isakI pratilipi mIThAlAla zAha pAvaTAvAlene jayapurameM saM0 1944 meM kI thii| 74. vidyAsAgara ( vi0 saM0 1734) ___ inakI racanAoMkA patA abhI-abhI dUMNo', arthAt droNapuroke zAstrabhaNDArako khojate samaya lagA hai| vaise to isa bhaNDArake hastalikhita granthoMkI saMkhyA 104 hI hai, kintu usame kucha mahattvapUrNa saMkalana bhI hai| do guTakome hindIkI aisI racanAokA saMkalana hai jo abhItaka ajJAta tho| uname-se pahalA to saM0 1801 kA likhA huA hai, aura dUsarA bhI isIke Asa-pAsakA pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki 1. vahI, pR0 658 / 2. dUNI jayapurase 10 mIla aura ToMkase 30 mIlapara avasthita hai| yaha devalI bAne vAlI saDakase lagabhaga 2 mIla dUra hai| isakA prAcIna nAma droNapurI hai| isameM tahasIla hai| eka hajAra varSa purAnA vizAla jaina mandira hai| 22 jaina ghara haiN|

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288 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi usame prAyaH aThArahavIM zatAbdIkI racanAeM hai| usI meM vidyAsAgarako chaha kRtiyAM nibaddha hai| vidyAmAgara nAmaka do kavi gujarAtIme ho gaye hai, kintu donoM hI satrahavI zatAbdIme utpanna hue the| eka to tapAgacchIya vijayadAna sUrike ziSya the, unhoMne saM0 1602 meM 'sukauzala gIta'kA nirmANa kiyaa| dUsare kharataragacchoya sumatikallolake ziSya the| unhoMne saM0 1673 Asoja sudI 10 ko 'kalAvatI caupaI' kI racanA kI thii| prastuta vidyAsAgara uparyukta donoMse hI pRthaka hai| unhoMne jo kucha likhA hindIme ho likhA / unakA samaya bhI aThArahavI zatAbdIkA pUrvArddha mAnA jAnA cAhie, jaisA ki unakI racanAoMse spaSTa hai / unhone saMvat 1734 me 'bhUpAla stotra chappaya'kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| vidyAsAgara kAraMjAke rahanevAle the| unake pitAkA nAma rAkhU sAha thaa| ve bagheravAla jAtimeM utpanna hue the| bagheravAla jainiyoMkI eka upajAti hai, jo aba bhI kAraMjAkI tarapha adhika rahatI hai| pitAke nAmase aisA spaSTa hI hai ki ye eka sAhUkAra the aura lakSmIko unapara kRpA thii| ve dharmaniSTha bhI the, bhagavAn jinendrakI bhaktime hI unakA adhikatara samaya vyatIta hotA thaa| vidyAsAgara bhI vaise hI bane / ve mUlasaMgha, sarasvatIgaccha, balAtkAragaNake zubhacandrake gurubhrAtA the| unake gurukA nAma abhayacandrasUri thaa| vidyAsAgara brahma vidyAsAgara kahalAte the| isase spaSTa hai ki ve brahmacArI the| unakI racanAeM unake bhaktahRdayako dyotaka hai / prAyaH sabhI muktaka haiN| uname savaiyA aura chappayokA adhikatara prayoga kiyA gayA hai| racanAe~ 'solahasvapna chappaya' nAmako kRtime tIrthakarakI mAMke solaha svapnoMkA bhakti-maya vivecana hai| isame kevala 9 padya haiM aura yaha aThArahavI zatAbdIke prathama pAdame likhI gayI thii| "jina janma mahotsava SaTpada'me bhagavAn jinendrake janmakAlIna mahotsavakI zAMkI hai| isa avasarapara indra indrANI tathA anya devoMsahita Akara vividha utsavoMkI racanA karatA hai| usIkA eka saphala citra isa choTe se kAvyameM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isakA racanAkAla bhI aThArahavIM zatAbdIkA prathama pAda hI hai| isame kula 12 padya hai / eka padya dekhie, 1. jaina gurjarakavio, khaNDa 1, bhAga 3, pR0 kramaza: 647, 666 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya "cAlyo suraga tadA viyati mAge vimAne / hAva bhAva savilAsa karI karaM nRtya su tAne / / dhumi dhuma dhuniye sAra udAra ja mahala bajje / hami hami zabde caMga phAra doM dala bahu gajje || jhikiTi jhikiTi susvare kari dhugdharI dhamma ke bahu tadA | vidyAsAgara kahe suNI sura kilyANaka kara yadA ||15||" 'sapna vyamana savaiyA' me sAta vyasanoko chor3ane kI bAta kahI gayI hai / isameM kula sAta padya hai / isakA bhI racanAkAla vaha hI hai / savaiyAMkA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / ' darzanASTaka' bhagavAn jinendra ke darzanose sambandhita hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki bhagavAnke darzana karane mAtrase hI yaha jIva bhava samudrase pAra ho jAtA hai / isameM 11 padya hai / racanA - kAla vaha hI hai / 289 'viSApahAra chappaya ' sabase bar3A kAvya hai / isameM 40 padya haiM / yaha chappayoMmeM likhA gayA hai / isakA racanAkAla bhI aThArahavIM zatAbdIkA prathama pAda hI hai / isame bhagavAn jinendrako bhaktise ihalaukika aura pAralaukika duHkhoMke chUTa jAnekA vivecana hai / eka padyameM jinendrakA rUpa isa prakAra aMkita kiyA hai - " zabda zarIrAtIta svAmi tu he vRSabhezvara, rUpa gaMdha rasa rahita prabhu tuM zrI jagadIzvara | deha gaMdha sarUpa zabda nA jJAna ne jAMNe, loka tri paramANa mAMNa jina jJAne bakhAMNe / anya loka abhimAna thI samare nahIM tujha ne kadA, vara vidyAsAgara va tujhe guNa samaru hu sadA // 34 // " 'bhUpAla stotra chappaya' me kula 27 chappaya haiM / isameM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroMkI stuti kI gayI hai / isakI racanA saM0 1730 AzvinamAsa sudI saptamI guruvAra ke dina kAraMjAme huI thI / eka padyame bhagavAn ke darzanakA Ananda dekhie, "nirakhyo nayane Aja rasAyana maMdira sukhakara, nava vidhAna tu sthAna zrAja mini rakhyo dukhahara | middha surasa tu sadana Aja meM nayane nirakhyau, citAmaNi mujhe Aja nirakhyu mujha hai yahu harakhyo / jinagRha nirakhe maiM sahu Aja meM nirakhyA niramalA, vidyAsAgara kaheM jina niraMkhe pAtiga galyA // 25 // " 37

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290 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi 75. bulAkIdAsa (vi0 saM0 1737-1754 ) bulAkodAsakI vaMza-paramparA isa prakAra thI : sAhu amarasI, premacanda, zramaNadAma, nandalAla aura bulAkIdAma / ye mUlataH bayAnAke rahanevAle the| kintu lAlA zramaNadAsa bayAnA chor3akara Agareme rahane lage the| unakA putra nandalAla yogya, svastha aura rUpasampanna thA, jisapara mohita hokara prasiddha paNDita hemarAjane apanI eka mAtra putrI 'jainI' byAha dI thii| jainI rUpa aura zIlame anupama tathA sarasvatIko to sAkSAt avatAra ho thii| usIke garbhase bulAkIdAsakA janma huaa| vidupI mAMkI dekha-rekhame bulAkIdAsakA pAlana-poSaNa huaa| ve vidvAn bhI bana sake aura mahAkavi bhii| unakA kula agravAla aura gotra goyala thaa| __'nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA ke sampAdakoMne unake dvArA racita 'zrImanmahAzolAbharaNabhUSita' nAmake granthake AdhArapara likhA hai, "ve mUlarUpase bayAnAke rahanevAle the, kintu anna-pAnake saMyogase jahAnAbAdame Akara rahane lage, jahA~ auraMgajebake zAsaname saba prajA sukhI thI, unake gurukA nAma ratana thA, jo gar3ha gopAcalake rahanevAle the|" kintu 'zrImanmahAzIlAbharaNabhUSita' unakI kisI racanAkA nAma nahIM hai, apitu apanI mAtAkI smRti rakSAke lie unhoMne pANDavapurANake pratyeka sargake antame 'zrImanmahAzIlAbharaNabhUSitAyAM jainInAmAMkitAyAM bhAratabhASAyA' likhA hai| unhone pANDavapurANakI racanA apanI mA~kI AjJAse hI kI thii| jahA~taka jahAnAbAdakA sambandha hai, ho sakatA hai ki unake pUrvaja vahAM bhI kucha dinoM rahe hoN| bulAkIdAsane 'vacanakoza', 'praznottarazrAvakAcAra' 'pANDavapurANaaura 'jaina caubIsI' kI racanA kI thii| iname pUrNatayA bhaktise sambandhita 'jaina caubIsI' hI hai, kintu avaziSTa tIna granyomeM bhI bhaktike anekoM sthala hai| kahI jinendrako stutiyAM, kahIM jina mandiroMkA sAnizaya varNana aura kahI bhaktoMkI camatkArapUrNa kahAniyAM hai| yahA~ sabhI granthoMkA saMkSepame paricaya diyA jA rahA hai : 1.50 premI, hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, bambaI, 1917 I0, pRSTha 65 / 2. "vatana bulAkIdAsa ko, mUla vayonA jaan| aura ratana gurudeva ko, gar3ha gopAcala thAna | anna pAna saMjoga teM nagara jahAnAMvAda"nagara jahAnAbAdame sAhiba auraMga sAhi, vidhinA tisa chattara dayau, rahe prajA sukha maahi|" dekhie kA nA0 pra0 patrikAke hastalikhita hindI granthoMkA 15vA~ traivArSika vivrnn|

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jaina makta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 291 vacanakoza __ isakI eka prati 'saTakA kuMcA dillI ke jaina mandirake zAstra bhaNDAramai maujUda hai| isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1737meM huI thii| yaha prati vi0ma0 1883 ko likhI huI hai / isame 130 pRSTa hai / isakI dUsarI prati jayapurake bar3e mandirake veSTana naM0 1641 me nivaddha hai| yaha prati bilakula zuddha evaM pUrNa hai| imame 157 pRSTha hai| isapara lekhanakAla sa0 18.3 par3A huA hai| yaha anya jaina-siddhAntakA viSaya hai, kinnu hindI-padyome likhA gayA hai| udyoma sarasatA hai| praznottara-zrAvakAcAra ___ isakI prati dillIke paMcAyatI mandirake granyabhaNDAramaM maujUda hai| isakA racanAkAla maM0 1747 aura lekhanakAla saM0 1917 meM diyA huA hai| isame kula 103 pRSTha hai| isako dUsarI prati jayapurame lagakara joka mandirake veSTana naM0 108 me nibaddha hai| isapara bhI racanAkAla saM0 1347 par3A hai, kintu lekhanakAla saM0 1941 hai| yaha pratilipi nAsarovA grAmake dIvAna dhanaku~arajI terApanthIne likhavAyI thii| isame pRSThasaMkhyA 145 hai| isa granthakA viSaya jaina dharmAnusAra zrAvakoke AcArase sambandhita hai| kintu hindI-padyame likhA gayA hai aura usane aneka sthaloMpara sAhityika Ananda sannihina hai| pANDavapurANa yaha bulAkIdAsakA prasiddha mahAkAvya hai / isame jaina-paramparAnumodita pANDavoMkI kathA hai / isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1754 me dillIme rahakara ko gayI thii| vahAM unakI mAM jainulade yA jainIne zubhacandra bhaTTArakakA saMskRta pANDavapurANa par3hA aura apane putrako hindImai racanekI AjJA do|' unhIne usa ajJAko pUrA kiyaa| isa kAvyame 5500 padya haiM / unako kAvya-zaktipara apanA mata abhivyakta karate hue prasiddha paNDijJa nAthUrAmajo premIne likhA hai, "racanA madhyama zreNoko hai, para kahI-kahI bahuta acchI hai| kavime pratibhA hai, para vaha mUlagrantha 1. tAko artha vicAraka, bhArata bhASA nAma / kathA pAMDu suna paMca ko, kIjai bahu abhirAma // sugama artha zrAvaka sabai, bhane bhanAva jAhi / aimo racika prathama ho, mohi sunAvI tAhi / / pANDavapurANa prazasti, dillIvAlI prati /

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292 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi kI kaidake kAraNa vikasita nahI ho paayii| mUla granthakI hI racanA bar3hiyA nahI hai|" kAvya-zakti maeNjI huI aura puSTa hai, kintu kathAnakasambandhI ghaTanAoMke ghumAva-phirAvame kucha doSa hai, jo mUla granthase sambandhita hai| sambandha-nirvAha bhI vizRMkhala hai| kA0 nA0 pra0 ke sampAdakokA vicAra hai, "prastuta grantha atyanta rocaka hai / kavitA acchI hai|" patrikAke sampAdakoMne bachanerA (AgarA)ke jaina mandirake zAstrabhaNDArase eka prati prApta kI thii| usapara racanA-saMvat 1823 par3A huA hai, jisakA khaNDana svayaM sampAdakoMne hI kiyA hai| isakI eka prati nayA mandira dillIke hastalikhita granyome maujUda hai| lipi saM01892 kI huI hai| isame 201 pRSTha haiN| dUsarI prati jayapurake badhIcandajIke jaina-mandirame veSTana naM0 644me nibaddha hai| isame patrasaMkhyA 202 hai aura racanAkAla saM0 1754 diyA huA hai| achanerAvAlI pratike AdhArapara prArambhakA eka chappaya chanda dekhie, "sevata sata surarAya svayaM siddhiziva siddha maya / siddhAratha saravasa naya pramANa so siddhi jaya // karama kadana karatAra karana harana kArana carana / asarana sarana ambAra madana dahana sAdhana sadana // ihavidhi aneka guNagaNa sahita, jaga bhUSaNa dUSaNa rahita / tihi nandalAla nandana namata, siddhi heta saravajJa nita // " jaina-caubIsI isakA ullekha kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikAke hastalikhita hindI granthoke pandrahaveM traivArSika vivaraName huA hai| patrikAke sampAdakoMko isakI prati 'mAMgaraula gujara'ke rahanevAle zrI durgAsiMha rAjapUtake pAsa prApta huI thii| mAMgarolakA DAkakhAnA runakatA, tahasIla kirAvalI aura jilA AgarA hai| isame 196 anuSTup chanda hai| sabhI 24 tIrthakaroMkI bhaktise sambandhita hai| bhagavAn AdinAthakI vandanAmeM eka chanda isa prakAra hai, "bandau prathama jinesa ko, doSa aThAraha curI, veda nakSatra graha auraSa, guna ananta marI purii| 1. hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, bambaI, 1617 I0, pR0 66 / 2. kAnA0pra0 patrikAke hastalikhita hindI granthoMkI khojake traivArSika pandrahaveM vivaraNameM dekhie|

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jaina makka kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 293 namo kari pheri siddhi ko bhaSTa karama kIe chAra, sahata ATha guna so maI, karai bhagata udhAra / AcAraja ke pada pheri Namo, dUrI antara gati mAu, paMca acarajA siddhi te, mAra jagata ke rAu // " 76. vinayavijaya ( vi0 saM0 1739 taka the ) ___ ye eka zvetAmbara sAdhu the| inake gurukA nAma kInivijaya upAdhyAya thaa| kAtivijayajI vIramagAmake rahanevAle the| kIrtivijayako gaNanA acche vidvAnoma tho / vinayavijaya inhIke ziSya the| unhoMne apanI guru-paramparAkA ullekha ima prakAra kiyA hai : hIravijaya, vijayadeva, vijayasiMha, kItivijaya, vinayavijaya / ' vinayavijayajI yazovijayake samakAlIna the| donone sAtha rahakara hI kAzImeM vidyAdhyayana kiyA thaa| vinayavijayakI nyAya aura sAhityame samAna gati thii| inakA 'nayakaNikA' nAmakA grantha aMgarejI TokAsahita chapa cukA hai| 'puNyaprakAzastavanam' aura 'paMcamamavAyastavanam' bhaktise sambandhita hai| gujarAtI sAhityako unakI vizAla dena hai| usameM 'neminAtha bhramara gItAstavana', 'neminAtha bAramAsa stavana', 'AdinAtha vinatI', 'caubIsI', 'vIzI' aura 'zAzvata jinabhASa' atyadhika prasiddha hai| kAzI meM rahaneke kAraNa unhone hindIme bhI samucita yogyatA prApta kara lI thii| unakA hindIkA eka grantha 'vinaya-vilAsa'ke nAmase chA cukA hai| isame kula 37 pada hai / vinaya-vilAsa yaha zarIra jhUThA hai, kisIke sAtha nahIM jAtA, yahAM hI par3A raha jAtA hai| jIva usako prema karatA hai, karanA nahIM cAhie / AtmA ho jIva hai, jo kabhI vyaya nahIM hotA, jo kabhI maratA nhiiN| isIko kavine eka sundara rUpakake dvArA upasthita kiyA hai| AtmA yA jIva savAra hai aura zarIra ghodd'aa| yaha khAneme to hoziyAra hai, kintu jaba isapara jIna kaso, taba yaha sonA cAhatA hai| isapara 1. neminAtha bhramara gItA stavana, gujarAtI, 26vA~ padya / jaina gurjara kavipro, bhAga 2, bambaI, 1631 I0, pR0 7 / 2. jaina stotra sandoha, prathama bhAga, muni caturavijaya-dvArA sampAdita prastAvanA, pAda ___ TippaNI, pR0 63 / 3. sabhIkA saMkSipta vivaraNa 'jaina gurjarakavipro', bhAga 2, pR06-17 meM aMkita hai|

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294 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi kitanA hI rupayA vyaya karo, kitanA hI acchA cArA do, savArIke samaya yaha avazya hI idhara-udhara bhkegaa| yaha sevAeM to bahuta prakArakI karavAtA hai, kintu savArako kahI dUra jaMgalameM jA paTakanA hai| ataH isa vigaDaila ghoDeko ThIka rAstepara lAneke lie, cAvukase kAma lenA hogaa| binA aisA kiye yaha saMsArarUpI mArga kaise pAra kara sakegA? vaha rUpaka dekhie, "dhArA jhUThA hai re tU mata bhUle asavArA / tohi mudhA ye lAgata pyArA, aMta hoyagA nyArA // carai cIja aura Darai kaida sauM, UbaTa calai aTArA / jIna kasai taba soyA cAhai, khAne kauM hoziyArA // khUba khajAnA kharaca khilAo, yo saba nyAmata cArA / asavArI kA avasara Avai, galiyA hoya gaMvArA // chinu tAtA chinu pyAsA hoce, khijamata bahuta karAvana haaraa| daura dUra jaMgala meM DAre, jharai dhanI vicArA / / karahu cokar3A cAtura caukasa, dyau cAbuka do caaraa| isa ghore ko 'vinaya' sikhAvo, jyoM pAvo bhavapArA // " yaha manuSya sAMsArika sukhoko prApta karaneke lie bahuta lalacAtA hai| ekake bAda dUsareko prApta karanekI usakI taSNA kabhI bujhatI nhiiN| vaha mRgatRSNAkI bhA~ti unake pIche avirAma gatise daur3atA hai kintu kucha milatA nhiiN| jIvana vyartha calA jAtA hai| use yaha patA nahI ki usake bhItara hI sudhAkA sarovara laharA rahA hai| usameM snAna karanese saba duHkha dUra ho jAte hai, aura paramAnandakI prApti hotI hai| zAzvata sukha usake pAsa hI hai| vaha vyarthame hI idhara-udhara bhaTakatA phiratA hai, "kiyA daura cahuM ora jora se, mRgatRSNA cita lAya / pyAsa bujhAvana bUMda na pAI, yoM hI janama gamAya // __ pyAra kAhe kuMtU lalacAya / / sudhA sarovara hai yA ghaTa meM, jisane saba dukha jAya / 'vinaya' kahe gurudeva sikhAve, jo lAUM dila Aya // pyAre kAhe kU tU lalacAya / / " sAMsArika padArthoMke lie lalacAnA mUrkhatA hai / jinake lie yaha jIva vyAkula hokara 'merI merI' karatA hai, ve jalake bulabuleke samAna kSaNika haiN| kSaNika padArtho meM cirantana sukha DhUMr3hanA mUrkhatA hI hai| mAyA-janya vikalpoMne jIvake zuddha

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jaina mA kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 295 svabhAvako AcchAdita kara rakhA hai| vaha atRptike kAMToMpara leTakara duHkha pA rahA hai, jJAna-kumumoMkI gayyApara leTanekA use kabhI saubhAgya hI prApta nahIM huaa| dekhie, "merI merI karata bAura, phira jIu akulAya / palaka eka meM bahuri na dembe, jala-buMda kI nyAya // pyAre kAhe 5 lalacAya // koTi vikalpa vyAdhi kI vedana, lahI zuddha lapaTAya / jJAna-kusuma kI meja na pAI, rahaM aghAya aghAya / pyAre kAhe kU lalacAya // " ___ yahA~ 'bAure' zabda aise upayukta sthAnapara baiThA hai, jisame mamace padyame jIvana A gayA hai| upayukta sthAnapara zabdoMko biThAnA macce kalAkArakA hI kAma hai / vinayavijayako bhASA, zailI aura bhAva mabhI kucha manohArI hai / 77. devAbrahma ( 18vIM zatAbdIkA pUrvArdha) abhIko khojoMme devAbrahmakI kucha racanAokA patA calA hai, jinake AdhArapara yaha nizcinta hokara kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve hindIke utkRSTa kavi the| saikar3oM bikhare padoM aura vinatiyoMme jaise unakA hRdaya hI phUTa par3A hai| bhASA bhI parimAjita hai| usapara kucha rAjasthAnIkA prabhAva hai| devAbrahmake adhikAMza padya bhagavAn jinendrake caraNome samarpita hue hai| ___ 'devAbrahma'me brahma zabda upAdhisUcaka hai jo unake brahmacArI honekI bAta ghoSita karatA hai| unakA nAma 'devajI' thaa| yaha svIkAra karate hue bhI ki 'deva' kA prayoga prAyaH nAmake antameM hI hotA hai, nizcaya rUpase yaha bhI to nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki 'devajI' nAma nahIM ho sakanA / nAmoMkI vicitratA sabhIko vidita hai| bAbU kAmatAprasAdajIne apane itihAsame deva brahmacArI aura kezarIsiMhako lekara eka zaMkA upasthita kI hai| unakA kathana hai ki "deva brahmacArI ( kezarI siMha ) kRta 'sammedazikhara vilAsa' nAmaka racanA hamAre saMgrahame hai| arthAt kyA 1.bhArAdhanA kathAkozake karnA nemidattane aura prAkRta zrata skandhake racayitA hemacandrane __upAdhike rUpameM brahma zabdakA prayoga kiyA hai| 2.hindI jaina sAhityakA saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 165 /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi deva brahmacArI kezarIsiMha the ? aura yaha racanA kyA kezarIsiMhakRta hai ? kintu usake antima padyose spaSTa hai ki na to deva brahmacArI kezarIsiha the, aura na yaha kRti kezarIsiMhakI hI hai| lohAcAryake jisa pattAbandha punIta sugranthake AdhArapara devAbrahmane isa racanAkA nirmANa kiyA, usakA artha paNDita kezarIsihane samajhAyA thaa| paNDitajI jayapura nagaramai lazkarake mandirame rahate the| deva brahmacArI bhI jayapurake hI rahanevAle the| brahmacArI honeke kAraNa devAbrahmajI sthAna-sthAnapara ghUmate the aura vahA~kI janatAko upadeza dete the| eka bAra unhoMne campAvatI nagarIme caumAsA kiyA aura vahA~ko prajAko jJAnakA mArga dikhaayaa| unhone eka padyame campAvatIkA vizada varNana kiyA hai| campAvatIke baDe deureme eka 'pAMDemAlI' rahate the| unake 1. zrI lohAcAraja muni dharma vinIta haiM / tina kRta ghattA baMdha sugrantha punIta hai / / tA anusAra kiyo sammeda vilAsa hai| deva brahmacArI jinavara ko dAsa hai // kesarI siMha jAna, rahai lasakarI deha / paNDita saba guNa jana, yAko artha batAiyo / dekhie, vhii| 2. devAbrahma caumAso chAyo, nagarI meM suSa pAya / saba paMcAM ko gyAMna suNAyo, samakati vrata adhikAya / / dekhie, mahAvIrajI atizaya tIrtha kSetrake eka prAcIna guTakemeM saMkalita devAbrahmajIke pada aura vintiyaaN| 3. jaMbUdopa bharataSetra mai, desa DhuMDhAhaDa sAra / nagarI basai caMpAvato jI, devapurI guNadhAra jI // rAjanIti pAla sahI jI prajA suSI ghara bAri / uttima puriSa sadA basai jo pUjA dAni karAri jI / jina maMdira to bar3o baDayo jI, koTi bIci bisatAri / gaDha ke bAhira basatI bice, phuni jina mandira sAra jI // doya go virAje sadA jI, prIti bhAva suSakAra / parama dhyAna sAdhaiM sabai jI, dhari dhari maMgalAcAra jI / aisI nagarI deSi ke jI, tapasI Avai sAdha / saba paMcAM kI gyANa sunAvai, suraga mukati karatAra jI // vahI, paba 1-5 //

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya aura jaina paMcAyata ke bIca mandirako lekara jhagar3A huaa| logoMne use samajhAyA vaha mAnA nahI | devAbrahmajone use nimnalikhita paMktiyo me samajhAyA --- mana bar3A kAraNa jI, " jhagar3A maiM kachu hAtha na Avai, aratha binAM hI mAra / bAMdhai karama apAra jI // aura ThikANa pApa karai so maMdira meM kaTi jAya / jina maMdira meM doSa upAvai, kaise utare pAra jI // bhUta preta lAgai chai jyAM koM, baida utArai Apa / krodha mAna kI cokar3I ko, gyAna SimAM utAra jI // kisakA maMdira kisakI saMpati, kisakA ye ghara dAra | sunako melo barAyo jo, jhUTho saba saMsAra jI // " devAbrahmajIkA eka 'vinatI saMgraha' jayapurake badhIcandajI ke mandira meM virAjamAna guTakA naM0 54 me saMkalita hai / isa guTake meM 32 panne hai / mahAvIrajI atizaya kSetrake zAstra bhaNDAra me bhI eka prAcIna likhA huA guTakA hai, jisame devAbrahmajI - kI vinatiyA~ aura pada likhe hue hai / isa guTake kI eka vinatI dekhie, 297 ." aMjanaru caura jU sAta bisana maiM, tAkUM bhI jina tArayo / mIla sarISo pApI prANI, bhau sAgara maiM ubArathau // zrI jinadeva pAyA jI, udai merA bhAga AyA jI // maDaka jauMSi pasUtaNIM, jihi darasaNa bhAva lagAyo / gaja paga nIce prANa choDyauM, suraMgA maiM pada pAyau // ghoTI jAti ciMDAla kI jI, ghAta karai adhikAya / jinavara nAMva jappAM thakAM jI, AvAgamaNa miTAya // saradhA karikai pUjai dhyAvai, mana vaMchita phala pAvai / devAbrahma caraNAMcita lAbai, karama kalaMka miTAvai // " devAbrahmajI ke pada di0 jaina mandira bar3autake padasaMgrahako eka hastalikhita pratimeM aMkita hai / unake padoMkA eka saMkalana jayapurake badhIcandajIke mandirake zAstra bhaNDAra ke padasaMgraha 493 saM0 me bhI rakhA hai| unake padoMkA prasAdaguNa pAThakake manako mohita kiye binA nahI rahatA / eka pada isa prakAra hai, "jagapati 9. vahI, padya 11 - 14 | 38 tyorA lA mahArAja, viDada vicAro lA mahArAja //

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298 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi meM aparAdha aneka kiyA jo, mApha karo guNarAja // aura devatA saba hI depyA, kheda saho bina kAji // thAko jasa to sura nara gAve, pAvai pada siva kAja // devAbrahma caraNAM cita lyAvai, sevaga kari hita kAja / " devAbrahmako eka anya racanAkA nAma 'sAsabahUkA jhagar3A' hai, jo padoMke rUpameM hI likhI gayI hai| isakI eka prati jayapurake TholiyoMke jaina mandirame veSTana naM. 438 me nibaddha hai / isame kevala 17 padya hai / rAjasthAnIkA prabhAva hai| 78. surendrakIti munIndra (vi0 saM0 1740 ) ___ ye mUlasaMgha balAtkAra gaNakI nAgaura zAkhAke bhaTTAraka devendrakIttike ziSya the| surendrakItti saM0 1738 kI jyeSTha zuklA 11 ko bhaTTAraka padapara adhiSThita hue the aura 7 varSa taka rhe| ve viratharA grAmake nivAsI the| gopAcala gar3ha adhika jAyA karate the| inakA gotra pATaNI thaa| inhone hindImeM 'AdityavAra kathA' aura aneka sarasa padoMkI racanA kI thii| isake atirikta unhoMne 'paMcamAsa caturdazI vratodyApana' aura 'jJAna paccIsI vratodyApana' nAmakI kRtiyAM hindI jayamAlAoMke rUpame likhii| ve arhanta-bhaktikI pratIka hai| eka dUsare surendrakotti aura hue haiN| unakA sambandha kASThAsaMgha, nandItaTagacchase thaa| ve indrabhUSaNake ziSya the aura unake uparAnta bhaTTAraka bane / unhoMne aneka yantra aura mUrtiyokI sthApanA kii| unhone kalyANamandira, ekIbhAva, viSApahAra aura bhUpAla stotroMkA hindI chappayoMme rUpAntaraNa bhI kiyA thaa| hindIme koI maulika racanA unhoMne nahI likhii| inakA samaya saM0 1744 se 1773 mAnA jAtA hai| tIsare surendrakIrti ve the, jo balAtkAra gaNa, jerahaTa zAkhAke sakalakottike uparAnta saM0 1756 me bhaTTAraka padapara pratiSThita hue| inhone kisI hindI racanAkA nirmANa nahIM kiyaa| cauthe bhaTTAraka balAtkAragaNa dillI jayapura zAkhAke kSemendrakIttike ziSya the| ve saM0 1822 meM bhaTTAraka bane the| inase

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 299 jayapurako bhaTTArakIya gaddIkA Arambha huA thaa| yahAM pahale surendrakItise matalaba hai / ve 'surendrakIti munIndra' kahalAte the| AdityavAra kathA ne isa kathAkA nirmANa vi0 sa0 1740 ko gopAcalagar3hame rahakara kiyA thaa| isa kathAko vIrasiha jaina iTAvAse san 1906 me prakAzita kara cuke hai / kathAkI racanA gopAcalagar3hake jaisavAla zAha jasavantake bhAI bhagavantakI dharmapatnIko prArthanApara kI gayI thii| kathAkA sambandha jinendrakI bhaktise hai / katipaya paMktiyA~ hai, "kAmI deza banArasa grAma / seTha bar3o matisAgara nAma // tAsu gharani guNa sundara satI / sAta putra tAke subhamatI // sahasakUTa caityAlayo eka / Aye munivara sahita viveka // Agama suni saba haraSita bhaye / sabai loka vaMdana ko gaye // " pada ___inake likhe hue vividha pada mahAvIrajI atizayakSetrake eka prAcIna guTakAme saMkalita hai| jinezvara pArzvanAthako bhaktime likhA huA eka pada hai, "jai bolo pAza jinezvara kI // jugala nAga jihiM jaratA rAkhyA, padavI dI phaNIzvara kI // bAla paNe jihiM dISyA lInI, lakSmI chor3i narezvara kI // kevalajJAna upAya bhayo hai, jo hI siddha munIzvara kI // kIrti surendra namaiM tasu pada kU, nita prati pUji gaNezvara kI // " surendrakIttike padome AdhyAtmika holiyokI chaTA mohita karanevAlI hai| gorI sumati apane pati cetanake sAtha holI khela rahI hai, "zrAtama gyAna taNI picakArI, caracA kesarI choro rii| cetana piya pai sumati tiyA tuma, samarasa jala mara choro rii||

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi sativAgo tapa caMdana chinako, kIrati atara suvAso rii| sahajAnanda mIThA i jo su, jJAna amala ko pyaariirii|| guru ke baccana bajAvau bAjA, naTinI kumati nacAvI rI, mavi ke citra kurAga taji kaiM, Atama horI gAvo rii|| anumau amRta kuM pAnA cau, nija ghari haraSa bar3hAvau rii| kIrti surendra kahaiM isa jaga meM ghelana hAra jayo jorI // " paMcamAsa caturdazI vratodyApana ___ isakI eka prati jayapurake TholiyoMke jainamandirame veSTana naM0 129 me nibaddha hai| isa saMgrahameM 654 pRSTha hai, jiname 306 se 311 taka yaha vratodyApana likhA huA hai / isa saMgrahakA lekhanakAla saM0 1865 hai / jJAna-paccIsI pratodyApana yaha bhI uparyukta saMgrahame hI saMkalita hai| yaha pRSTha 537 se 545 taka aMkita hai| isakA lipikAla saM0 1840 diyA huA hai| yaha lipi jayapurake candraprabha caityAlayame huI thii| 79. khetala (vi0 saM0 1713-1755) inhoMne kavitAmeM apanA nAma khetA, khetasI, khetAka aura kahI-kahI khetala rakhA hai| nandIsUcIke anusAra inakA mUla nAma khetasI thA, kintu jaba dIkSA lI to dayAsundara ho gyaa| khetasI nAmake kaI kavi ho gaye hai, jiname-se eka to sAI zAkhAke cAraNa kavi the, jo jodhapurake mahArAjA abhayasiMhake Azrayame rahate the| inhoMne saM0 1780 me 'bhASA-bhAratha' nAmakA DiMgala bhASAmeM eka grantha likhA thaa| isameM mahAbhAratake aThAraha parvokA sArAMza teraha hajAra chandoMme

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya likhA gayA hai| ye khetasI uccakoTike vidvAn aura pratibhAvAn kavi the| kintu unhoMne kavinAmeM apanA nAma sarvatra 'soha' likhA hai, ataH prastuta khetasose unakA pRthakkaraNa spaSTa hI hai| eka dUsare khetasI aura hae hai jo ki jaina hI the| ve mevAr3ake rahanevAle the aura unhone mevAr3ake vairATa gA~vame 'dhannArAsa'kI racanA saM0 1732 me kI thii| unhoMne apaneko lokAgacchake pUjya dAmodarajIkA ziSya batalAyA hai| khetala kharataragacchIya the aura kharataragacchake AcArya jinarAjasUrike ziSya dayAvallabhake ziSya the| inhoMne prasiddha AcArya jinacandrasUrijIke pAsa saM0 1741 phAlguna badI 7 ravivArako dIkSA lI thii| khetala kahAMke rahanevAle the yaha prAmANika rUpase nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kintu unakI bhASApara mevAr3I jhalaka dekhakara spaSTa-sA hai ki ve mevAr3ake hI rahanevAle hoNge| isake atirikta unhone udayapura zaharako gajala likhI hai, jo ki mevAr3akI rAjadhAnI thii| gajala to unhone cittaur3agar3hakI bhI likhI hai aura aisA anumAna hotA hai ki jatI honeke bAda ve ina donoM sthAnoMpara rahe the| unhoMne udayapurake mahArANA amarasiMha aura jayasamudra tAlAbako ramaNIyatAkA ullekha kiyA hai| udayapurakI gaddIpara amarasiMha nAmake do mahArANA hue hai| eka to mahArANA pratApasihake putra the, jinhoMne saMvat 1653 se 1676 taka rAjya kiyaa| dUsare mahArANA jayasihake putra the| unakA rAjya saMvat 1755 se 1767 taka mAnA jAtA hai| khetala dUsare mahArANA amarasiMhake rAjyame maujUda the| kyoMki unhoMne jisa jayasamudra nAmake tAlAbakA varNana kiyA hai, vaha pahale amarasiMhake samayame nahI thaa| usakA nirmANa mahArANA jayasiMhane karavAyA thaa| ataH khetalakA samaya aThArahavIM zatAbdIkA madhyAhna mAnanA caahie| zrI agaracandajI nAhaTAne unako udayapura g2az2alakA nirmANa saMvat 1757 magasira badI 5 batalAyA hai| muni jinavijayajIne jisa 'udayapura g2az2ala'kA sampAdana kiyA thA, usapara racanAsaMvat nahIM thA , kintu abhaya jaina granthAlayakI pratipara racanAkAla 80ve padyameM 1. rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya, pR0 245 / 2. jaina gurjarakavipro, bhAga 2, pR0 286-87 3. dekhie, unake dvArA racita bAvanIkA 64vA~ padya / 4. dekhie, udayapura rAjala, gajala naM0 15-17 aura 71 / bhAratIya vidyA, varSa 1, aMka 4, pR0 431 aura 435 /

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302 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi diyA huA hai / 'cittaur3a gajala' isake pahale hI banI thii| khetala jatI khetA kahe jAte the| unhone eka sthAnapara jatIke guNoko ginAyA hai / ve eka udAra sAdhu the| unhoMne bhagavAn jinendrake sAtha-sAtha anya devI-devatAoMko bhI namaskAra kiyA hai / unako gajaleM varNanAtmaka hote hue bhI rasa-yukta haiN| khetalako bAvanI jinendra bhaktise sambandhita hai| 'jaina yatI guNa varNana' bhI unhIMkI kRti hai| cittaur3akI g2az2ala __ isa gajalako muni kAntisAgarajIne phArbasa gujarAtI sAhitya sabhA bambaIke traimAsika patrame chapavAyA hai / isakI eka dUsarI prati 'abhaya jaina granthAlaya' bokAnerame maujUda hai| usakA sakSipta paricaya zrI agaracandajI nAhaTA-dvArA sampAdita 'rAjasthAname hindIke hastalikhita granthokI khoja, dvitIya bhAga' meM prakAzita ho cukA hai| isake pacapanave padyake anusAra isakA racanAkAla sa0 1748 zrAvaNa badI 12 mAnanA caahie| vaha rANA jayasiMhakA samaya thaa| isame kula 56 padya hai| udayapurakI g2az2ala yaha 'bhAratIya vidyA' ke varSa 1 aMka 4 me muni jinavijayajI-dvArA sampAdita hokara prakAzita ho cukI hai| parantu isameM racanA-saMvat nahI hai| isakI dUsarI prati abhaya jaina granthAlaya, bIkAnera meM maujUda hai, aura usakA saMkSipta paricaya 'rAjasthAname hindIke hastalikhita granthoMkI khoja, dvitIya bhAga'me chapa cukA hai| usapara racanA-saMvat par3A huA hai| prArambhame ho kavine ekaliMgajI, nAthadvAreke zrInAthajI, rAThasena girideva, AverI umAramaNa, bhuvANA bholAnAtha, aura 1. saMvata satare satAvana, magasira mAsa dhura parava dhanna / kInhIM gajala kautuka kAja, lAyaka suNatasu mukha lAja // 8 // rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthoMkI khoja, dvitIya bhAga, pRSTha 101 / 2. vahI, pRSTha 103 / 3. kharatara jatI kavi khetAka, AMkhai mauja suM etAka / saMvat satarese ar3atAla, sAvaNa mAsa Rtu varasAla // vadi parava vAkhI terI ki, kInI gajala paDhiyo ThIki // 55 // dekhie, vahI, pR0 103 / 4. bhAratIya vidyA varSa 1, aMka 4, pR0430-35 / / 5. rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthoMkI khoja, bhAga 2, pR0 100-1 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya ratanapura ke hanumantako namaskAra kiyA hai| udayapurake bhI sabhI devI-devatAoMkA darabAra, mahala, mandira, bAz2Ara aura smaraNa kiyA hai / isake bAda mahArANAke bAga-bagIcokA sundara varNana hai / bAvanI isakI racanA saMvat 1743 magasira sudI 15 zukravAra ke dina daharavAsa nAmake gA~vame huI thI / isakI eka prati zrI nAhaTAjIke pAsa hai / isame kula 64 padya hai / kavi khetalane daharavAsame 'caumAsA' kiyA thA, usI madhyame isako raca sor hogA / isake antima kucha paricayAtmaka padya dekhie, "saMvat sattara trayAla, mAsa sudI pakSa magassira / tithi pUnama zukravAra, thayI bAvanI suthira | bArakharI ro bandha, kavitta causaTha kathana gati / daharavAsa caumAsa samaya, tiNi bhayA sukhI ati / zrI jainarAja surisavara, dayAvallabha gaNi tAsa sikhi / suprasAda tAsa khetala, sukavi lahi jor3i pustaka likhi || 64 || " jaina yatI guNa-varNana -kavi khetalakI yaha racanA 'aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha' pR0 260 para prakAzita ho cukI hai / choTI-sI racanA meM pravAha hai| jaina yatIke prati atyadhika zraddhAnake kAraNa guNa ginAnekA kAma bhI sarasa ho gayA hai : "kei to samasta nyAya grantha meM durasta dekhe, phArasI meM rasta gusta pUje chatrapatI hai / frer karai tapa kI prazasta dharai yoga dhyAna, hasta ke vilokave kuM sAmudrika matI hai / gRhasta ke vastra ke ju grAhaka haiM, custa hai kalA meM, hasta karAmAta chatI hai / khetasI kahata SaT darzana meM khabaradAra, jaina meM jabardasta aise masta 'jatI' haiM // " pUja ke 303 80. bhAU ( 17vIM - 18vIM zatAbdIkA pUrvArdha ) eka jaina kavi the / inakA janma garga gotrame huA thA / inake pitAkA 1. vahI, pRSTha 144-45 /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi nAma 'mulU' thA, 'kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA'ke khoja-vivaraName unakA nAma malUka diyA huA hai, jo usImeM aMkita 'puSpadantapUjA' kI antima prazastise asatya pramANita ho jAtA hai / ' 'mulUko pUta'kA spaSTa artha hai 'mulUkA putra / malUkakA putra honeke lie eka aura 'ka'ko AvazyakatA thii| jahAMtaka bhAUke racanAkAlakA sambandha hai kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA ke sampAdakone usako 'avidita' kahA hai| isa viSayame koI spaSTa lekha abhItaka mAlUma nahIM ho sakA hai| vaise unako 'AdityavArakathA' eka aise guTakeme nibaddha hai, jisakA lekhana-kAla saM0 1763 hai| aba 'neminAtha rAsa' nAmako racanA aura prApta huI hai, vaha jisa guTake meM saMkalita hai, usakA lekhana vi0 saM0 1696 meM samApta huA thaa| isase spaSTa hai ki bhAU imase pUrva hI hue hoNge| abhItakakI khojome inakI cAra racanAoMkA patA lagA hai : 'AdityavArakathA', 'pAzvanAtha kathA', 'puSpadanta-pUjA' aura 'neminAtha rAsa' / cAroM hI bhaktise sambandhita hai / AdityavAra-kathA isakA dUsarA nAma 'ravivrata kathA' bhI hai| jaina-paramparAmeM 'ravivrata kathA' sambandhI vipula sAhitya hai| vaise yaha hai to atase sambandhita, kintu isame bhagavAn pArzvanAthakI bhakti hI pradhAna hai| guNadharako ratnoMkA saMcaya denevAle bhagavAn pArzvanAthake zAsanadeva aura devI, dharaNendra tathA padmAvatI hI the / unhIMkI preraNAse guNadharake saba bhAiyoMne ravi-vrata karanA prArambha kiyA, aura ravi-prata pUjAke lie unhoMne eka vizAla jaina mandirakA nirmANa krvaayaa| 'ravinata' meM 'ravivrata-pUjA' hI pramukha hai| bhAUkI 'AdityavAra kathA' atyadhika lokapriya huii| jayapurake lUNakarajIke mandirake guTakA naM0 87 aura bar3e mandirake guTakA naM0 99 me usako eka-eka prati nibaddha hai| badhocandajIke mandirake 9 guTakoMmeM aura Tholiyoke tIna guTakome pRthak-pRthak pratiyAM likhI huI hai| inameM badhIcandajIke mandirakA guTakA 'naM. 15' sabase purAnA likhA huA hai / vaha saM0 1759 me likhA gayA thaa| aura saba pratiyAM isake bAdakI haiN| guTakA naM0 136 meM isa kathAke sabase adhika padya sannihita hai, arthAt 154 / prArambhame caubIsa tIrthaMkaroMkI phira zAradAko stuti kI gayI hai, 1. kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikAkA traivArSika pandrahavA~ khoja vivaraNa, Appen dix II. pRSTha 86 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya " sArada vaNI sevA mana dharau, jA prasAda kavitta Ucarau, mUraSa tai paMDita pada hoI, tA kAraNI sevai saba koI, chaha darasaNa muSI bheDana sANa // varaha galagaja motI hAra, galai pATI yau socanaM sarIra kAnAM kuMDala ratanaM jaDI, sIsa mogI motyA jhalamalai // caraNa nevara ruNajhuNa karai, haMsa car3hI kara vINa ha surata dudhI mahAphala deha, sArada navaNI kara bahu bhAI || " pArzvanAtha kathA yaha bhI eka padya baddha kAvya hai / isameM bhagavAn pArzvanAthakA jIvana caritra diyA huA hai / yaha jayapurake bar3e mandirake guTakA naM0 165 meM nibaddha hai / puSpadanta-pUjA isa pUjAkA ullekha 'kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA' ke pandrahaveM vArSika vivaraNake 'Appendix II' meM, pRSTha 89 para huA hai / sampAdakoMko isakI prati kirAvalI, AgarAke jaina mandirase prApta huI thii| isameM 672 anuSTup chanda haiM + jainoMke nauveM tIrthaMkara puSpadantakI pUjA kI gayI hai / isakA Adi aura anta dekhie, Adi anta "agara avara dhUpa candana ghevo bhavijana lAya / dekhe sura Sa Ani kautiga DAya meru sudarzana // dhUpaM nAlikera dAma pitA pUgI phala de Adi / car3hAie jina carana Age moSaka laData pAdi // ' 305 "ajara amara sou jitya bhayau, so jinadeva sabhA ko jayau / dIna dIkhyau racyau purAna, ochI budhi meM kiyo bakhAna // hI adhika jo achisa hoya, tAhi saMvArau guniyara lAye / uttama nagara tihuna pura jAni, tahAM kathA ko bhayo baSAna // " neminAtharA yaha eka uttama kRti hai / isameM 155 padya haiN| sabhI caupAI chandameM likhe gaye haiM / isa 'rAma' kA, neminAthako vairAgya lenevAlI ghaTanAse sambandha hai / 39

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hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi samudravijayake dvArapara bArAta pahu~cI / dulahA the nemIzvara, kRSNake choTe bhAI / kintu dvArapara ba~dhe asaMkhya jIvoM ko vilApa karate dekha, ve dIkSA lekara giranArapara tapa karane cale gaye / jIvoMko kATakara bhojyapadArtha banAnA thA / nemIzvarake hRdayameM karuNA upajI / saMsArakI niHsAratA spaSTa jhalaka utthii| binA vivAha kiye cale gaye / kintu rAjImatI kyA kare / isakA vizvavyApI viraha garaja uThA / usakI becainI durUha thI / yaha rAsa usIko lekara calA hai / 306 bArAta A rahI hai / dulahinakI utsukatAkA kyA ThikAnA hai | kahI se usane sunA hai ki nemIzvarako zRMgAra adhika priya hai / rAjaputrIko zrRMgAra-sAdhanoMkI kamI nahIM thI / usane hAthome hIroM-jar3e kaMgana pahane, galeme motiyoMkI mAlA dhAraNa kI, veNIko phUlo se sajAyA / lalATapara tilaka, netrome kAjala aura mukhameM pAna suzobhita ho utthaa| sajI rAjulakA citra hai, 1 " rUpa ancagala NemikumAra, suNa rAjamatI kiyo zRMgAra | kara kaMkaNa bahu hIrA jaDyo, pahiri hAra gaja motI bhanyo // kusuma-sIsa baMdhe bahutAya, tilaku lilATa na varNo jAya / nayA kajjala mukhi taMbolu, aMgi caDhAiyo kuMkuma rola // pahiri paTore dakSiNa cIra, jaNikuM siMdUraha miliyo khoru | canha nevara kau jhaNakAra, saba varNa to hoi pasAra // " jaba rAjulane sunA ki nemIzvara dIkSA lekara tapa karane cale gaye haiM, to mUcchita hokara gira pdd'ii| usane dUsarA vivAha na kiyA / usa ekake viraha me jIvana bitA diyA, jo na kabhI AyA, na AnevAlA thA / isa kAvyame virahake atirikta vIrarasake chuTapuTa dRzya hai / ve mUla prasaMga meM jar3ase gaye hai / kathAnaka sazakta hai / avAntara kathAe~ mukhya kathAkI sahAyaka ke rUpame prastuta huI hai / rasame pravAha hai / Arambhame sarasvatIkI vandanA kI gayI hai / "sarasvatI mAtA buddhidAtA, karahu pustaka leI / ura pahiri hArU kari siMgArU haMsa car3hI vara deI // sevaMta sura-nara navahiM munivara, chahauM darasaNa tohi / kavi jaMpa bhAu kari pabhAu, buddhi phala mohi // " yaha racanA jainamandira pAToDo jayapurake guTakA naM0 65 meM pU0 629 se 633 para aMkita hai /

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naina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 81. lakSmIvallabha ( 18vIM zatAbdIkA dUsarA pAda ) Apa kharataragacchoya zAkhAke upAdhyakSa lakSmIkItijIke ziSya the| unake lie 'amarakumAra-caritra-rAsa'meM 'vANArasI lakhamIkirati gaNI'kA prayoga huA hai| isase siddha hai ki ve banArasake rahanevAle the / avazya hI vidvattAke kSetrame unakI vizeSa khyAti rahI hogii| lakSmIvallabhane unhIke caraNome baiThakara apanI zikSA-dIkSA Arambha kI thii| kucha hI samayame ve vyutpanna ho gaye aura unhoMne vipula sAhityakA nirmANa kiyaa| unakA hindI, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI aura saMskRta cAro bhASAopara samAnAdhikAra thaa| saMskRtame nirmita hue unake sAhityase yaha pramANita hai ki ve uccakoTike vidvAn the| 'kalpasUtra' aura 'uttarAdhyayana'kI jisane vRttiyAM likhI hai, vaha koI sAdhAraNa vidvAn nahI ho sktaa| 'kAlakAcArya' tathA 'paMcakumAra kathA', 'kumArasambhava vRtti' aura 'mAtrikAkSaradharmopadeza svopajJavRtti' bhI unhIkI saMskRta kRtiyAM hai| unakI hindI racanAopara gujarAtIkA adhika prabhAva hai| vaise bhASA parimArjita hai, aura usameM saMskRtake tatsama zabdokA adhika prayoga huA hai| caubIsa stavana yaha stavana caubIsa tIrthaMkaroMkI bhaktise sambandhita hai| isakI do pratiyAM abhaya jaina pustakAlaya bIkAnerame maujUda hai| pahalI prati pIpAsara gA~vame saM0 1755 mAha badI 4 ko likhI gayI thii| aura dUsarIko kinhI sukharatna gaNine saM0 1790 phAlguna badI 4 guruvArako multAname likhA thaa| donoM hI me cAra-cAra panne hai| yaha eka muktaka kAvya hai / padoko racanA rAga-rAginiyoMme kI gayI hai / AdikA eka padya hai, "Aja sakala AnaMda mile, Aja parama AnaMdA / parama punIta janama bhayo, pekhe prathama jinaMdA / 1. upAdhyAya zrI lakhamIkIrati ziSya, lakhamivallabha mati sArai / chopI karI bAra DhAla kari, bhavIyaNanaI upagArai / ratnahAsa caupaI, jaina gurjarakavio, khaNDa 2, bhAga 3, pR0 1253 / 2. khema sAkha zrI kharatara gaccha bhaNI, vANArasI lakhamokIrati gaNi / jaina gurjarakavio, khaNDa 2, bhAga 3, pR0 1247 / 3 rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthoMkI khoja, bhAga 4, pR0 22-23 /

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308 hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi phaTe paDala ajJAna ke, jAgI jyoti udaaraa| aMtarajAmI maiM lakhyau, Atama avikArA // tU karatA sukha saMga kau, vaMchita phaladAtA | aura Thaura Thaura rAce na te, je tuma saMga rAtA // sakala anAdi anaMta tU, bhatra maya taiM nyArA / mUrakha bhAva na jAna hI, saMtana kUM nyArA // paramAtama pratibiMba sI, jina mUrati jAnai / te pUjita jinarAja kUM, anubhava rasa mAMne // " mahAvIra gautama svAmI chanda isakA nirmANa saM0 1741 se pahale hI ho gayA thaa| isameM 96 padya hai| sabhI bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unake pramukha gaNadhara gautamako bhakti se yukta hai / isakI do pratiyokA ullekha zrI mohanalAla dulIcandajI desAIne kiyA hai, ve kramazaH saMvat 1741 aura 1785 kI likhI huI hai| unhone donoMkI sUcanA nAhaTA saMgraha se prApta kI thii| usakA Adi aura anta dekhie, " vara de tuM varadAyinI, sarasati kari suprasAda / vAMcu vIra jiNaMdasuM gautama gaNadharavAda // 1 // pAThaka lakSmIkIrtti pragaTa, suprasAdai sarasvatI taNai / gautamavAda nija jJAna sama, rasika 'rAja' iNa vidha maNe // 96 // " dUhA bAvanI zrI nAhaTAjIne isakI do pratiyoMkA ullekha kiyA hai, jo abhaya jaina pustakAlaya meM maujUda hai / pahalI pratiko zrI hIrAnanda munine saMvat 1741 pausa sudI 1 me likhA thA / dUsarI prati saMvat 1821 Azvina badI 7 ko likhI huI hai, jisako bhuvanavizAla gaNike ziSya phahadacandane likhA thA / usakA Adi aura anta isa prakAra hai, "UM akSara alakha gati, dharU~ sadA vasu dhyAna | sura nara siddha sAdhaka supari, jAkuM japata jahAMna // 1 // dohA vAvanI karI, Atama parahita kAja / paDhata guNata vAcata likhata, nara hovata kavirAja // 58 // 1. jaina gurjarakavizro, khaNDa 2, bhAga 3, 10 1251 / 2. rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthoMkI khoja, bhAga 4, pR0 86 /

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jaina makta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya savaiyA bAvanI isame 58 savaiye hai| isakI racanA saMvat 1738 magasira sudI 6 ko huI thii| isakI eka prati saMvat 1738 magasira zuklA 6 kI hI likhI huI maujUda hai, usakA ullekha zrI mohanalAla dulIcandajI desAIne kiyA hai|' nemi-rAjula bArahamAsA eka praur3ha racanA hai| savaiyoMme likhI gayI hai| kula 14 padya hai| racanA bhagavAnke prati dAmpatyaviSayaka ratikA samarthana karatI hai| isako eka prati abhaya jaina granthAlaya bIkAnerame maujUda hai| isake do savaiye dekhie jo bhASA, bhAva aura zailI sabhI dRSTiyose uttama kahe jA sakate hai, "umaTI vikaTa ghanaghora ghaTA cihu~ orani morani sora mcaayo| camake divi dAmini yAmini kuMbhaya mAmini kuM piya ko saMga mAyo / liva cAtaka pIu hI pIr3a laI, maI rAja harI bhuMi deha chipaayo| patiyAM pai na pAI rI prItama kI alI, zrAvaNa Ayo pai nema na aayo|| jJAna ke siMdhu agAdha mahAkavi mesara chIlara nIra nivaaso| . haiM ju mahAkavi to dina rAja se, mero nisAkara kau sau ujaaso| tAte karUM budha suM yaha vInati, merI kahuM kariyau jani haaNso| ApanI budha sUM rAja kahai yaha, rAjala nemi ko bAraha mAso // 14 // " bhAvanA-vilAsa isakI racanA saMvat 1727 pauSa vadI 10 ko huI thii| isame jainadharmasambandhI bAraha bhAvanAoMkA Akarpaka DhaMgase varNana huA hai| savaiyoMkA yahA~para bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| yaha racanA bhUdharadAsake 'rAjA rANA chatrapati se bhI adhika rocaka hai| isakI eka prati bIkAnerake abhaya jaina granthAlayame maujUda hai| isako muni harSasamudrane nApAsarame saM0 1741 Asoja 14 ko likhA thaa| saMvat 1854 1. jaina gurjarakavio, khaNDa 2, bhAga 3, pR0 1246-50 / 2. dvIpa yugala muni zazi varasi, jA dina janme pAsa / tA dina kInI rAja kavi, yaha bhAvanA vilAsa // 51 // bhAvanA vilAsa, rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthoMkI khoja, bhAga 4, pR0 152 / 3. vahI, pRSTha 152 /

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310 hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi aura 1868 me likho gayo pratiyoMkA ullekha 'jaina gurjarakavio' meM huA hai / ' isakA prArambhika savaiyA isa bhA~ti hai, " praNami caraNayuga pAsa jinarAja jU ke, vidhi ke cUraNa haiM pUraNa hai Asa ke / diDha dilamAMjhi dhyAna dhari zrata devatA ko, sevaitai saMpUrata hai manoratha dAsa ke // jJAna haga dAtA guru bar3e upagArI mere, dinakara jaise dIpai jJAna parakAsa ke / inake prasAda kavi rAja sadA sukhakAja, savIye banAvata hai bhAvanA- vilAsa ke // 1 // " cetana battIsI / isame 32 padya hai isakI racanA saM0 1739 me huI thii| isakI ka prati muni hIrAnandane saM0 1741 Asoja badI 8 ko likhI thI, jo nAhaTA saMgraha maujUda hai | eka dUsarI prati aura hai, jo saM0 1868 me likhI gayI thI / yahA~ bhramAkulita cetanako cetAnekA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai 3 "cetana ceta re avasara mata cUke, sIkha suNe tUM sAcI / gAphila huI jo dAva gamAyau, tau karasi bAjI sahu kAcI // 1 // upadeza battIsI isame bhI 32 padya hai / AtmAko sambodhana kara usako vikRta pathase nirata karane kI bAta kahI gayI hai| do padya isa prakAra hai, "AtamarAma syANe tUM jhUThe bharama bhulAnA kisake mAI kisake bhAI, kisake loka lugAI jI, tU na kisI kA ko nahIM terA, Apo Apa sahAI // 1 // isa kAyA pAyA kA lAhA, sukRta kamAI kIjai jI, rAja kahe upadeza battIsI, sadguru sIkha sukhIjai jI // 2 // " 1. jaina gurjara kavi, khaNDa 2, bhAga 3, pR0 1246 // 2. suvaca eha amIrasa sarikhA, paMDita zravaNe pIsI, satarahase guNayAleM saMvata, bole rAja batIsI // 32 // cetana battIsI, jaina gurjarakavioo, khaNDa 2, bhAga 3, pRSTha 1250 // 3. vahI, pRSTha 1250 / 4. vahI, pRSTha vahI /

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jaina makta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya dezAntarI chanda ___ isame 39 padya hai / isameM bhagavAn pArzvanAthako bhaktikA ullekha hai / isakI eka pratiko pAlaNapurame zrI tejavijaya gaNine saM0 1901 pausa sudI 11 ko likhA thaa| isame 'tribhaMgI' chandoMkA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| prArambhame hI devI sarasvatIkI vandanA hai| "suvacana khUpoM sAradA, mayA karo mujha mAya to suprasana suvacanataNoM, tumaNA na hove kAya // kAlIdAsa sarikhA kiyA, raMka thaki kavirAja, mahera kAra mAtA muNe, nija suta jANI nivAja // " anya racanAe~ uparyukta kRtiyoMke atirikta inakI anya racanAeM bhI upalabdha hai| 'abhayaMkaratrImatI caupaI', 'amarakumAra rAsa', 'vikramAdityapaMcadaNDacaupaI', 'ratnahAsa caupaI', 'kavitva bAvanI', 'chappaya bAvanI', 'bharata bAhubalI miDAla chanda', 'bIkAnera caubIsaTA-stavana', 'zatakatrayaTabA', aura stavanAdikA nAma zrI agaracandajI nAhaTAne ginAyA hai| ___ aThArahavIM zatAbdIkA dUsarA pAda hI unake sAhityakA nirmANakAla mAnA jA sakatA hai / ve isa zatAbdIke mahattvapUrNa sAhityakAra the| 82. vinodIlAla (vi0 saM0 1750) vinodIlAla sAhijAdapurake rahanevAle the| usako zAhajahA~dapura bhI kahate hai| zAyada isa nagarako sthApanA bAdazAha zAhajahAMke nAmapara huI thii| yaha gaMgAke kinArepara basA huA eka ramaNIka sthAna thaa| usakI prazaMsA karate hue kavine likhA hai, "kauzala dezake madhyame 'zAhijAdapura' nAmakA eka nagara hai| vaha gaMgAke kinAre basA huA apanI chaTAme anupama hai| usakI tulanA anya koI nagara nahI kara sktaa| usame bar3e-baDe mahAjana aura zrAvaka rahate hai| sabhI apane-apane dharmame lona hai / zrAvakoMkA jaina dharmame dRr3ha zraddhAna hai| vahA~ bhagavAn jinendrake tIna citra-vicitra caityAlaya hai, jiname vividha prakArase dharmadhyAna hotA hI rahatA hai / usa nagarameM yatiyoM aura vratiyoMkA atyadhika Adara-sammAna hotA 1. vahI, pRSTha 1254 /

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312 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi hai / usa samaya vahAM vAdazAha auraMgajebakA rAjya thA / kavine usakI atyadhika prazaMsA kI hai| vinodIlAla auraMgajebake darabArI kavi nahI the, yaha sunizcita hai| ataH unake dvArA kI gayI prazaMsA niHsvArtha hI kahI jaayegii| zAyada unhoMne jaisA dekhA vaisA hI likhaa| na jAne kyoM auraMgajebake zAsana-kAlame hue jaina-hindIke sabhI kaviyoMne mukta kaNTha aura eka svarase usakI prazaMsA kI hai| ho sakatA hai ki itihAsake naye jijJAsuoko isase kucha maulika sAmagrI upalabdha ho ske| vinodIlAla kucha dinoMke lie dillImeM bhI Akara rahe the| vahA~para hI unhoMne 'bhaktAmara bhASA-kathA' aura 'samyaktva-kaumudI'kI racanA ko / saca to yaha hai ki unakA jhukAva jaina dharmake bhakti-aMzakI ora ho adhika thaa| zAhajahA~purame bhI ve iso rUpameM prasiddha the| unakA janma agravAla vaza aura garga gotrameM huA thaa| inake viSayame mizrabandhuoMne likhA hai, 'ye hIna zreNIke the, karaulI narezake yahAM rahate the aura devIdAsa inake Azrita the| vinodIlAla ne aneka sthAnoMpara 1. kauzala deza madhya zubha thAna / zAhijAdapura nagara pradhAna // gaMgAtIra base zabha tthaur| paTatara nAhIM tAsa para aur|| base mahAjana bahuvidhi loga / apane dharma lIna saMbhoga / / zrAvaka loga baseM jahaM ghane / jaina dharma rata sata Apane // caityAlaya jinavara ke tIna / citra vicitra racita pravIna // dharma dhyAna saba vidhi so kare / jatI vratI ko ati Adare // kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikAkA traivArSika bArahavaoN vivaraNa, pariziSTa 2, pRSTha 1574, bhaktAmara carita, bArAbaMkIvAlI prti| 2. nauraMga sAhibalI ko rAja / pAtasAha saba hita siratAja // sukha vidhAna saka baMdha naresa / dillIpati tapa teja dinesa // apane mata me samyak vaMta / zIla ziromaNi nija tiya kaMta / / dIpa dIpa hai jAkI Ana / rahai sAha aru saMkA mAna // sAhijahAM ke vara pharijaMda / dina-dina teja bar3he jyoM canda / bhayo cakattA unasa udosa / siMha balI bana jaise hota // bhii| 3 te pura lAla vinodI rhe| jaina dharma kI carcA khai| agaravAla jaino zubha vaMsa / garga gota pragaTyo sarahaMsa / / vhii| 4. mizrabandhu vinoda, bhAga 2, saMkhyA 522 / 1, pR0 515 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya apaneko hIna aura dIna kahA hai, kintu isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki ve vAstavame vaise the| usa samaya bhagavAnke samakSa apanI laghutAke pradarzanakA yaha hI DhaMga thaa| mahAtmA tulasIdAsane bhI aimA hI kiyA hai / vinodIlAla bhagavAn nemIzvarake parama bhakta the| unakA adhikAMza sAhitya neminAthake caraNome hI samarpita huA hai| vivAha-dvArase lauTate nemIzvara aura vilApa karatI rAjula, unhe bahuta hI pasanda hai| rAjulake bArahamAsoMme zRMgAra aura bhaktikA samanvaya huA hai / / __rAjula bhagavadviSayaka anurAgakA sarasa nidarzana hai| usame jaise zIla aura saundaryako saMjoyA gayA, apratima hai| kevala nemIzvara hI nahIM, anya tIrthaMkaroMkI bhaktime bhI vinodIlAlane bahuta kucha likhA hai| 'caturvizati jina stavana savaiyA' isakA dRSTAnta hai| isase atirikta 'naukA bandha', 'prabhAta jayamAla', 'phUlamAla paccIsI' aura 'ratnamAla' sarasabhaktike pratIka hai| bhagavAn RSabhadevakI bhaktike kAraNa ho unhone 'bhASA-bhaktAmara' kI racanA kI thii| vaha saMskRtake prasiddha stotra 'bhaktAmara'ko chAyApara banA hai| kintu usakI bhASA-zailI maulika hai / mUla kavike bhAvome vyAghAta nahI A pAyA hai| yaha ho usakI vizeSatA hai / 'zrIpAla vinoda' bho aimA hI eka anuvAda hai| vinodIlAlako janmase hI bhakta hRdaya milA thaa| unakI kRtiyome tanmayatAkA bhAva sarvatra pAyA jAtA hai| prasAdaguNa unako vizeSatA hai| nemi-rAjula bArahamAsA ___yaha bahuta pahale hI 'bArahamAsA-saMgraha me prakAzita ho cukA hai / sAhityameM 'bArahamAsoM kA pracalana bahuta purAnA hai| usakA prArambha loka-gItoMse mAnanA cAhie / bhAratake pratyeka bhAgako jana-bhASAmeM bArahamAse pracalita hai / bhAva bhI sabake milate-julate hai| mAnava-mana kibho bhI deza aura kAlakA ho, sadaiva eka rahA hai / manuSyake isa sAmAnya manako lekara calanevAlA sAhitya hI amara ho sakA, avaziSTa to kAlake thaper3oko na sahakara mara gyaa| bArahamAse usI amara sAhityakA pratinidhitva karate hai| hindIke anya bArahamAsome virahiNIkA apanA duHkha to dikhAyA gayA hai, kintu dUrastha patike duHkhakA use dhyAna hI nahIM hai, jAyasIko nAgamatIkA jAr3A jaba ruIse bhI nahIM jAtA, to vaha patiko bulAnA cAhatI haiM, kintu vaha yaha nahI 1. dekhie jaina pustaka bhavana, kalakattAse prakAzita, bArahamAsA saMgraha, pR0 23-30 /

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314 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi socatI ki aise jAr3eme pravAsI patikA kyA hAla hogaa| vinodIlAlakI nAyikAko patikA adhika dhyAna hai, apanA nahI, pazuoMko karuNa dazAko dekhakara nemIzvara vivAha-dvArase vApasa lauTa gye| kintu rAjulane unhIko apanA pati mAnA / vaha unake pAsa gayI, aura kahA ki he piya ! sAvaname vrata mata lo| jaba ghanaghora ghaTAe~ ghiregI, mora zora macAyeMge, kokila kuhakegI, dAminI damakegI aura puravAIke jhoMke caleMge, to tumhArA tapa-teja kSaNa-mAtrame naSTa ho jAyegA, "piyA sAvana meM vrata lIjai nahIM, dhana ghora ghaTA jura AvegI / cahuM ora te mora ju zora kareM, vana kokila kuhaka sunAvaigI // piya raina a~dherI meM sUjhai nahIM, kachu dAmana damaka ddraavegii| puravAI kI jhoMka sahoge nahIM, china meM tapa teja chur3AvaigI // 4 // " neminAthako yaha mAlUma thA ki sAvanakI prakRti utanI bhayAvaha nahI ho sakatI jitanA ki prabala yamarAja svayaM hai, jo pratyekake lie anivArya rUpase AtA hai| sAvanakI prakRti neminAthameM sAhasa aura vIratAkA saMcAra karatI hai, "yA jiya ko koI na rAkhanahAra, kaho kisakI zaraNAgata jaiye / kAla' balI sabasoM jaga meM, tiha soM nizivAsara dekha Daraiye // iMdra nareMdra dhareMdra sabai, jama Ana parai taba bAMdha clye| yAteM kahA Dara sAvana kA suna, rAjula citta ko yoM samujheye // 5 // " pauSake mAhame ghanA jAr3A par3atA hai| saur3ame bhI zIta nahI jaatii| usa samaya rAjulako apanI cintA nahI, vaha piyakI bAta hI socatI hai ki jaba unheM zIta lagegA to kyA moTheMge ? pattoMkI 'dhuvanI' to paryApta na hogii| isa Rtume hI kAmadeva apanI senA lekara AkramaNa karatA hai, unakA zarIra komala hai, kaise mukAbalA kareMge / bhAratIya nArIko patike sukha-duHkhakI cintAmeM jo sAttvikatA hai, "piya pauSa meM jAr3o paraigI dhano, bina sauMr3a ke zIta kaise mara ho| kahA oDhoge zIta lage jabahI, kidhauM pAtana kI dhuvanI dhara ho / tumharo prabhu jI tana komala hai, kaise kAma kI phaujana soM lara ho| jaba AvegI zIta taraMga sabai, taba dekhata hI tinako Dara ho // 14 // " kintu nemozvarakA vicAra hai ki ThaNDI havAke jhoke isa zarIrakA kucha bhI nahIM bigAr3a skte| zarIrakA bigAr3a to vividha karmoke Asravase hotA hai, rAgadveSase hotA hai, indriyoMko vazyatAse hotA hai aura 'para' ko 'sva' mAnanese hotA hai| jisane 'sva'kA vicAra kara liyA hai, vaha vaname rahe yA gharame, DUba nahIM sktaa| isa bhAMti pauSakI sardI nemIzvarako nahIM satA pAtI aura na kAmadeva hI AkramaNa kara pAtA hai,

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 315 "Asrava hoya jahA~ para zobhita, zIta lagai aru pauna jhakore / iMdviya pAMca pasAra jahAM tahAM, rAga roSa te nAto hi jorai // ATha mahAmada mAte rahaiM, para dravya ko dekha jahAM cita daurai| jo para Apa vicAra na rAjula, to gRha Apata ApahI bAra // 15 // " jeThakA mAha laganepara bahuta adhika garamI paDegI, lU lagegI aura jalatI dhUpame bar3e-bar3e parvata bhI baha jaayeNge| usa samaya to pakSI aura pataMge taka apane-apane gharame hI rahanA pasanda kreNge| bhUkha aura pyAsase zarIra sUkha jaayegaa| aisI dazAme patikA mahAvrata kaise nibha paayegaa| rAjula cAhatI hai ki usakA pati ina kaSToko na bhoge / usakA mana priyake sukhame tanmaya hai| use kAmakI pyAsa nahI, patike hitako cintA hai, "dharma kI bAta to sA~cI hai nAtha, pai jeTha meM kaise dharma rhaigo| laha calai saravAna kamAna jyauM, dhAma pare girameru bhaigo| pakSI pataMga sabai Dara haiM, apane ghara ko saba koI cahaigo / bhUkha-tRSA ati deha dahai taba, aiso mahAvrata kyoM nibahego // 24 // " jeThako aisI bhISma dopaharIse nemIzvarako kiMcinmAtra bhI bhaya nahI hai / unako mAlUma hai ki nara-bhava-durlabha hai, aura usame bhI zrAvaka-yoni / ataH aba dazalakSaNa aura solaha bhAvanAoMvAlA jina-dharma pAla lenA caahie| usIse isa jIvakA kalyANa ho sakatA hai| jeTha nemIzvarake bhayako nahIM, apitu vItarAgI bhAvako jagAtA hai| "durlabha hai nara ko bhava rAjula, durlama zrAvaka yoni hamArI / durlabha dharma ju hai dazalacchana, durlabha SoDaza mAvanA bhaarii| durlabha zrI jinarAja ko mAraga, durlabha hai zivasundara naarii| yaha saba durlabha jAna taba, jaba durlabha hai sanyAsa kI taiyyArI // 25 // " virahake du.khame AnandadAyaka vastueM bhI duHkha denevAlI ho jAtI hai| kArtikakA mahInA hai, saba striyAM ghara sajA rahI hai / bhA~ti-bhAMtike citroko racanA kara maMgala-gIta gAtI hai| piyako bulAkara naye-naye zRMgAra karatI hai / aura dIvAlIke dIpaka jalAte hue to jaise unakA harSa hI phUTA par3atA hai| kintu isa sabako dekhakara rAjulakA jI tarasakara raha jAtA hai| sabake pati ghara A gaye kintu rAjulakA nahIM aayaa| phira bhI vaha "bichurI mori jorI' kahakara jhuratI nahI aura na apane sirame chAra melatI hai| dekhie, "piya kAtika meM mana kaise rahe, jaba bhAmini mauna sjaavegii| raci citra vicitra suraMga sabai, ghara hI ghara maMgala gaavegii|

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi piya nUtana nAri siMgAra kiye, apanI piya Tera bulaaveNgii| piya bArahibAra bare diyarA, jiyarA tumarA tarasAvegI // 10 // " yahA~ piyako tarasAnekI oTame rAjulakA tarasanA hI dhvanita ho rahA hai| kintu neminAtha kAnikake isa sAja-zRMgArase vicalita honevAle jIva nahI hai| unhoMne AtmA aura zarIrake bhedako samajha liyA hai| yaha prasannatA zarIrase sambandhita hai, AtmAse nahI / kalidhArame vaha ho DUbatA hai jo jar3a aura cetanake bhedako nahIM samajhatA / jaise haMsa dUdhako pI letA hai, aura jalako chor3a detA hai, vaise hI jaba yaha jIva samajhegA, tava kahI vaha paramAtmArUpa AtmAko samajha skegaa| "to jiyarA narasai suna rAjula, jo tana ko apano kara jAne / pudgala minna hai minna sabai tana, choDi manoratha Ana samAnai / bUr3hegI soI kalidhAra meM, jar3a cetana ko jo eka pramAna / haMsa pivai paya minna karai jala, so paramAtama Atama jAnai // 11 // " nemi-byAha' yaha eka choTA-sA khaNDa-kAvya hai| isame neminAthake vivAhakI kathA hai / neminAthake pitAkA nAma samudravijaya aura mAMkA nAma zivadevI thaa| inakA janma saurASTrAntargata dvArAvatIme huA thaa| yaha yAdavavaMzI rAjakumAra the| kRSNa aura balabhadra inhIke vaMzaja bar3e bhAI the| nemikumAra bacapanase hI zaktisampanna aura dharmAtmA the| inakA vivAha jhUnAgar3hake rAjA ugrasenakI kanyA rAjulake sAtha nizcita huaa| bArAta phuNcii| agavAnIke uparAnta TIkAke lie jAte samaya aneka pazuoMko baMdhe aura cItkAra karate dekhaa| usa karuNa-krandanako sunakara unako vairAgya utpanna huA aura ve turanta hI vItarAgI dIkSA le girinArapara tapa karane cale gye| maMgalagIta ruka gaye, zahanAiyAM zAnta ho gyii| mAM-bApane rAjulako bahuta samajhAyA, kintu usane anyako pati cunanese spaSTa inakAra kara diyaa| vaha bhI nemIzvarako hI anugAminI bnii| vinodIlAla citra upasthita karaneme anupama the| dulahA nemIzvara vivAhake lie jA rahe hai| sirapara maura rakhA hai, aura hAthoMme kaMkaNakI DorI kasakara bAMdha dI gayI hai / kAnomeM kuNDala jhalaka rahe haiM, aura bhAlapara rolI virAjamAna haiN| vakSasthalapara par3e motiyoMke hArakI to zobhA hI nyArI hai / dekhie, "maura dharo sira dUlaha ke kara kaMkaNa bAMdha daI kasa ddorii| kuMDala kAnana meM jhalake ati mAla meM lAla virAjata rorI / 1. isakI hastalikhita prati, jaina siddhAnta bhavana, pArA meM maujUda hai|

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jaina makta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 317 motina kI lar3a zobhita hai chabi dekhi lajeM banitA saba gorii| lAla vinodI ke sAhiba ke mukha dekhana ko duniyAM uTha daurI // " aisA pratIta hotA hai jaise vinodoke sAhabako dekhaneke lie duniyA Aja bhI uThakara dauDI calI A rahI hai| 'uTha dorI' meM dekhanekI aisI vyAkulatA hai, jo dekhate hI banatI hai| pazuoke karuNa-krandanako sunakara nemikumAra udAsa ho gye| unake hRdayame jIva mAtrakA kalyANa karanekI bhAvanA udita huii| kintu isake lie asIma Atmika balakI AvazyakatA thii| use sampanna kiye binA dUsarokA kalyANa kaise ho sakatA hai| etadartha hI ve girinArapara tapa karane cale gye| usa samayakA dRzya dekhie, "nema udAsa bhaye jaba se kara jor3a ke siddha kA nAma liyo hai| bhambara bhUSaNa DAra diye sira maura utAra ke DAra diyo hai|| rUpa dharau muni kA jabahoM tabahI car3hi ke girinAri gayo hai / lAla vinodI ke sAhiba ne tahAM pAMca mahAvrata yoga layo hai // " udAsInatAko laharake Ate hI unhoMne hAtha jor3akara bhagavAn siddhako namaskAra kiyA, jaise mAno unakI kRpAse hI yaha uttama bhAva utpanna huA ho| vastrAbhUSaNa utAra pheMke aura vaha maura bhI dharAzAyI ho gayA, jo vivAhakA pratIka thaa| munikA rUpa dhAraNa kara paMca mahAvrata le liye| ___"vara dvArase hI to lauTa gayA, bhAMvareM to nahIM par3ane pAyI, ataH rAjulako anya pati cunanekA adhikAra hai|"- mAtA pitAke aisA kahate hI rAjulakI bhauM kuMcita ho uThI / usane phaTakArate hue kahA, "kAhe na bAta samhAla kaho tuma jAnata ho yaha bAta bhalo hai| gAliyAM kADhata ho hamako suno tAta bhalI tuma jIma calI hai| maiM sabako tuma tulya gino tuma jAnata nA yaha bAta ralI hai| yA bhava meM pati nemaprabhU vaha lAla vinodI ko nAtha balI hai // " mA~-bApako phaTakAranA koI acchI bAta nahIM hai| ve jo kucha bhI kaha rahe the, apanI samajhase to bhalekI hI kaha rahe the| kintu rAjula bhI kyA kare, use duHkha thA ki usIke mAM-bApa, use jAnakara bhI na jAna paaye| unhe apanI putrIke sAdhAraNa bhoga-janya sukhakA hI dhyAna thaa| kintu rAjulane to vivAhako pavitrabandhana mAnA thA, bhogakA sahArA nhiiN| manameM eka bAra jise pati mAna liyA jIvana-bhara vaha hI rhegaa| pati kucha bhI kre| nArIke isa pAvana Adarzapara

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318 hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi AghAta karanevAlA koI bhI kyoM na ho, rAjula kharI-khoTI sunAye binA nahI raha sakatI / usameM mA~-bApakA dhyAna bhI bhulA denA hotA hai / paNDita rAmacandra zuklane isIko bar3e dharma ke lie choTe dharmako nyochAvara kara denekI bAta kahI hai| vaha yahA~ pUrNa rUpase ghaTita hotI hai / rAjula paccIsI anekAneka bhaNDArome isakI pratiyA~ maujUda hai| bIkAnera ke abhaya jaina pustakAlayame jo prati hai, vaha vi0 saM0 1782 magasira badI 6 ko likhI huI hai / jayapura ke bIcandajIke digambara jaina mandirake guTakA nambara 161 me isakI jo prati nibaddha hai, vaha vi0 saM0 1793 kI likhI huI hai / jayapurake hI TholiyoMke digambara jaina mandirame veSTana nambara 199 me baMdhI huI 'rAjula paccIsI' vi0 saM0 1769 kI likhI huI hai| zrI mandira jI kUMcA seTha, dillIke zAstra bhaNDAra ke veSTana naM0 304me isakI eka prati maujUda hai| isa kAvyame neminAtha aura rAjulakA bhAvamaya citra aMkita hai / nemajI rekhatA 2 isakI prati bIkAnera ke abhaya jaina pustakAlayame maujUda hai| isakI bhASApara urdU-phArasIkA adhika prabhAva hai / pharajanda, vilandasIsa, phuramAyA, khusadila Adi zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai / isame nemIzvarake vivAhArtha Anese lekara rAjulake strIliMgako chedakara svarga jAne takakI vividha bAteM hai / muktaka chandome hI saba kucha kahA gayA hai / ataH isa racanAme muktaka aura khaNDakAvya donoM hI kA Ananda sannihita hai / gItAvalIkI bhAMti usame muktakatA hai aura kathAkA pravAha bhI / Adi anta dekhie, Adi " samudavijaya kA pharajaMda vyAhane ko Apane nemanAtha khUba vanarA kahAyA hai 1 vakhata vilaMdasIsa seharA virAjatA hai, jAdoMrAya paMjakoTi jAna khUba lAyA hai // yAnavara dekhikai maharabAna huA zrApa, inako khalAsa karau yehI phuramAyA hai / jAnA hai jihAna ko daroga hai vinodIlAla, giranAra jAya bhakti aisI cita lAyA hai" 1. paNDita rAmacandra zukla, mAnasekI dharmabhUmi, cintAmaNi, pahalA bhAga, prayAga, 1650 I0, pR0 211 / 1. rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthoMkI khoja, bhAga 4, udayapura, pRSTha 145

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya anta "giraneragar3ha suhAyA, sukha dila pasaMda AyA tahAM joga cita lAya tana kahAM gayA hai / zubha dhyAna cita dInhAM navakAra maMtra lInhA, paraheja karma kiyA hai // strIliMga cheda kInhA pulliMga pada lInhA sasada rahe svarga pahuMcI lalitAMga pada bhayA hai| khusa rekhata banAye lAla vinodI gAye anusApha darpa DhAte, rAjula kA bhayA hai // " 319 prabhAta jayamAla ise 'maMgala prabhAta' aura 'neminAthajIkA maMgala' bhI kahate hai / isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1744 me huI thI / isakI eka prati jayapurake TholiyoMke jaina mandira ke eka pAThasaMgrahame nibaddha hai / isakI eka dUsarI prati paMcAyatI digambara jaina mandira dillI meM maujUda hai| isameM bhagavAn neminAthakI bhaktime katipaya muktaka padyoMkA nirmANa huA hai / sabhI bhakti se otaprota hai / prAtaHkAla uThakara unakA uccAraNa karanese zubha- gati milatI hai / caturviMzati jina stavana savaiyAdi isakI prati vi0 saM0 1839 bhAdrapada kRSNA tRtIyA zukravArakI likhI huI bIkAnera ke abhaya jaina granthAlaya me maujUda hai / ' yaha zrAvaka veNIprasAdake bA~caneke lie likhI gayI thI / isame kula 79 padya haiM aura sabhI savaiyA hai / isake prArambhake 8-9 padya AdinAthake, phira navakAra, 12 bhAvanA aura pArzvanAtha ke sarvaye hai / padmAMka 47 se Age pratyeka chandame eka-eka tIrthaMkarakI kramazaH stuti hai / prathama tIrthaMkara AdinAthakI vandanA karate hue bhakta kahatA hai, " jAke caraNAravinda pUjita suriMda iMda devana ke vRnda caMda somA ati bhArI hai / jAke nakha para ravi koTina kiraNa vAre mukha dekhe kAmadeva somA chavihArI hai // jAkI deha uttama hai darpana-sI dekhiyana apanoM sarUpa bhava sAta kI vicArI hai / kahata vinodIlAla mana vacana tihukAla aise nAbhinaMdana kUM vaMdanA hamArI hai // " phUla mAla paccIsI jaisA ki isake nAmase spaSTa hai, isameM kula 25 padya hai / dohA, chappaya aura nArAca chandoMkA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isakA prakAzana 'bRhad mahAvIra kIrtana' nAmakI pustaka ho cukA hai| viSaya bhakti se sambandhita hai| tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke 1. rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthoMkI khoja, bhAga 4, udayapura, pRSTha 118 2. bRhad mahAvIra kIrtana, zrI digambara jaina pustakAlaya, mahAvIrajI, jayapura. janavarI 1653 I0, pRSTha 216-216 /

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320 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi caraNoMme indrane utsAhapUrvaka eka phUlamAlA samarpita kI, jise indrANIne bhinnabhinna prakArake puSpa, motI aura maNi-mANikyose gUyA thaa| usa mAlAkI zobhA dekhie, "sugandha puSpa beli kunda ketakI maMgAya ke| cameli campa sevatI juhI guhI ju lAyakeM / gulAba kaMja lAicI sabai sugandha jAti ke / sumAlatI mahApramoda lai aneka bhAMti ke // 5 // suvarNatAra poha bIca moti lAla laaiyaa| suhIra panna nIla pIta padma joti chAiyA // zacI racI vicitra bhAMti citta de banAi hai| su indra ne uchAha soM jinendra ko car3hAi hai // 6 // " vaha mAlA amUlya ho gayI thii| use zacIne gUMthA, indrane bar3hAyA aura bhagavAnkA sparza pAkara vaha svayaM bhI pavitra ho gayI thii| use prApta karaneke lie vibhinna dezoMse vibhinna jAtiyoke loga aaye| unameM sAdhAraNa the aura asAdhAraNa bhI, garIba the aura mAladAra bhI, kaMjUsa the aura diladAra bhI tathA sAmanta the aura rAjA-mahArAjA bhI / sabhI mAlAko leneke lie adhikase adhika mUlya denA cAhate the, kintu kucha kaMjUsa visphArita netrose yaha dekha rahe the, ki ye loga eka choTI-sI mAlAko leneke lie asIma dhana kyoM luTAye de rahe haiN| usa avasarapara mAnavake vividha bhAvoMkA eka choTA-sA citra dekhie, "su agravAla boliye ju mAla mohi diijiye| dinAra dehuM eka lakSa su ginAya lIjiye // khaNDelavAla boliyA ju dIya lAkha deuNgo| su bAMTi ke tamola maiM jinendramAla leuMgo // 16 // kiteka loga bhAikeM khar3e te hAtha jori ke| kiteka bhUpa dekhikeM cale ju bAga morikeM / kiteka sUma yoM kaheM ju kaise lakSi deta ho| luTAya mAla Apano su phUla mAla leta hau // 20 // " isa bhaktike avasarapara aneka zrAvikAeM jaba apane uddAma bhAvoMko rokanemeM asamartha ho gayIM, to nRtya kara uThoM aura unakI pratyeka thirakanameM bhaktikA udvelana thaa| mRdaMga-tAloMke sAtha-sAtha sukaNThoMse maMgala-gIta bhI phUTa uThe, "kaI pradhIna zrAvikA jinendra ko bdhaavhiiN| kaI sukaNTha rAga soM khar3I jumAla gAvahIM /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 321 kaI sunRtya ko kareM naTeM aneka bhaavhiiN| kaI mRdaMga tAla pai su aMga ko phirAvahIM // 21 // " vItarAgakI mAlA kharIdaneke lie bhaktikI AvazyakatA hai| guru mahArAjane ghoSaNA kI ki mAlA usoko milegI, jo adhikase adhika jinendra bhaktikA paricaya degaa| bhakta vaha hai, jo jinendra yakSa aura bimba pratiSThA karavAkara saMgha calAnekA zreya prApta karegA, "kahaiM guru udAra dho su yoM na mAla pAiye / karAiye jinendra-yakSa biMbahU marAiye // calAiye ju saMghajAta saMghahI khaaiye| tabai bhaneka puNya soM amola mAla pAiye // 22 // saMbodhi sarva goTi so guru utAra ke laI / bulAya ke jinendra mAla saMgharAya ko daI // aneka harSa soM kareM jinendra tilaka pAiye / sumAla zrI jinendra kI vinodilAla gAiye // 23 // " bhaktAmara stotra kathA aura bhaktAmara carita 'bhaktAmara stotra kathA' kA nirmANa vi0 saM0 1747 sAvana sudI 2 ko huaa| yaha racanA padyame na hokara hindI-gadyame hai| isakI eka prati vi0 saM0 1947 ko likhI huI, jayapurake Tholiyoke jaina mandirame virAjamAna hai| vi0 saM0 1909 kI likhI huI hastalikhita pratiko sUcanA 'kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA ke vi0 saM0 2006 ke hastalikhita granthoMkI khojake pariziSTame aMkita hai| isa vivaraNake sampAdakokA vicAra hai ki vaha eka uttama kRti hai| kintu vaha gadyame na hokara padyame hai, aura isakA nAma bhI 'bhaktAmaracarita' diyA huA hai| eka 'bhaktAmaracarita'kA ullekha kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhAke bArahaveM traivArSika vivaraName huA hai / usakI prati bArAbaMkIke jaina mandirase prApta huI thii| isapara bhI nirmANakAla vi0 saM0 1747 par3A huA hai| isame dohA, aDilla, kuNDaliyA aura soraThA Adi chandoMkA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isake antame kavi aura usake samayakA bhI saMkSipta paricaya diyA hai| 1. kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikAkA bArahavA~ traivArSika hindI granthoMkI khojakA vivaraNa, pariziSTa 2, pRSTha 1574 / 2. dohA chaMda aDilla banAyo / kahuM kuMDaliyA soraThA laayo||

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322 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi anya racanAe~ 'paMca kalyANaka kathA'kI prati dillIke paMcAyato di0 jaina mandira meM maujUda hai / 'naukA bandha' nAmakI racanA jayapurake paM0 lUNakarajIke mandirame guTakA naM 103 me nibaddha hai| 'sumati kumatikI jakhar3I' jayapurake baDe mandirake veSTana naM0 2134 meM baMdhI rakhI hai| isapara lekhanakAla saM0 1789 paDA hai / vinodIlAlane 'samyaktva kaumudI'kI racanA vi0 saM0 1749 me kI thii| 'viSNukumAramunikathA' aura 'zrIpAla vinoda kathA' donoM hI vinodIlAlakI kRtiyA~ hai / ve nayA mandira dillIke zAstrabhaNDArameM maujUda hai / 'zrIpAla vinoda'kI racanA vi0saM0 1750 meM huI thI 'SaTkarmopadeza ratnamAlA' kI racanA vi0 saM0 1818 me huI / isakI prati achanerA ( AgarA )me maujUda hai| yaha anuSTup chandome likhA * gayA hai| 83. bihArIdAsa (vi0 saM0 1758 ) paNDita bihArIdAsa Agareke rahanevAle the| unakI gaNanA uttama koTike vidvAnome kI jAtI thii| jaina hindI bhakti-sAhityake prasiddha kavi dyAnatarAya unhIke ziSya the| unhoMne aneka sthAnopara apane gurukA nAmollekha kiyA hai| usa samaya Agareme do hI vidvAn the, paM0 mAnasiha jauharI, jinako 'sailI' calatI thI aura paNDita bihArIdAsa / vihArIdAsa kavi bhI the aura unhone sarvatra 'vihArI' kA prayoga kiyA hai| kahI-kahI apaneko bihArIlAla bhI likhA hai, kintu ye 'satasaiyAkAra'se spaSTa rItyA pRthak hai| vaise bhI bihArI athavA bihArIlAla nAmake kaI kavi hue hai / unameM se eka to kAyastha the, jo orachAke rahanevAle the| unakA racanAkAla saM0 1810 mAnA jAtA hai| dUsare ve the jinakA ullekha 'kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA ke dvitIya traivArSika riporTa meM huA hai| inhoMne saM0 1820 me 'nakhazikha saMvat satraha se saiNtaal| sAvana sudI dutiyA ravivAra // dekhie vhii| 1. kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikAkA hindIke hastalikhita granthoMkA pandrahavAM traivArSika vivrnn| 2. mizrabandhu vinoMda, bhAga 2, pR0 707 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 323 rAmacandrajo' kI racanA kI thii| tIsare ve hai jinhone 1815 me 'haradaula caritra' likhA thaa| cauthe prasiddha yogI harirAmadAsake mukhya ziSya the| harirAmadAsake svargArohaNake uparAnta ve unakI gaddIke adhikArI bhI hue| unhone 'nIsANI' nAmako eka praur3ha racanAkA nirmANa kiyA thA, jo saMvat 1835 ke bAdakI kRti hai| arthAt ye saba unnIsavI zatAbdoke kavi the| paNDita bihArIdAsakA racanAkAla aThArahavI zatAbdIkA pUrvAddha mAnA jA sakatA hai| zrI dyAnatarAyakA jainadharmako ora jhukAva saM0 1746 me paNDita bihArodAsako preraNAse hI huA thA / arthAt isa samaya taka ve vidvattA-janya khyAti prApta kara cuke the| ataH yaha nizcita hai ki unakA janma aThArahavIM zatAbdIke prArambhame huA hogaa| __bihArIdAsane 'sambodha paMcAsikA', 'jakhar3I', 'jinendra stuti' aura 'bhAratI'kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki dyAnanarAya unhIke vikasita rUpa the| sambodha paMcAsikA isakA dUsarA nAma 'akSara bAvanI' hai| isakI eka hastalikhita prati vi0 saM0 1832 ko likhI huI di0 jaina mandira bar3otake veSTana naM0 272 guTakA naM. 55 me pR0 36-40 para nibaddha hai| isake antame kRtikA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1758 kAttika vadI 13 diyA huA hai| isase yaha bhI siddha hai ki bihArIdAsa Agareke rahanevAle the| jayapurake badhIcandajIke mandirame virAjamAna guTakA naM0 128 me bhI isako eka prati saMkalita hai| zrI di0 jaina mandira ku~cA seTha, dillIke veSTana naM0 311 me isakI eka hastalikhita prati maujUda hai / usakI likhAvaTa uttama hai / usapara bhI racanA saM0 1758 hI diyA huA hai| isa kRtime 50 padya hai / vividha DhAlome isakI racanA kI gayI hai / prArambhame kavine 'U~kAra' me base paMca parama padakI vandanA karake apanI laghutA pradarzita __"U~kAra maMjhAra paMca parama pada vasata hai| tIna bhavana maiM sAra vaMdauM mana vaca kAya ke // 1 // 1. kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikAkI 1605 kI khoja riporTa / 2. DaoN. motIlAla menAriyA. rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya, pR0 306 / 3. paNDita premIkRta hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, pR058 / 4. ye uddharaNa bar3autavAlI hastalikhita pratise liye gaye hai|

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324 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi akSara gyAna na mohi chaMda bheda samajhu nhiiN|| budha thorI kIma hoya mASA akSara bAvanI // 2 // " kavikA kathana hai ki narabhava prApta karanA atyadhika kaThina hai| use vyartha nahIM khonA caahie| yadi vaha kho gayA to samudrame rAIkI bhAMti phira prApta na hogA / kevala pachatAnA hI hAtha raha jAyegA, "Atama kaThina upAya pAya narabhava kyoM tje| rAI udadhi samAnI phira DhuDha nahIM pAiye // 3 // i vidhi naramava ko pAya viSai suSa saurabha / so saTha amRta poya hAlAhala viSa Acarai // 4 // Izvara bhASai yaha nasmava mati Sovai vRthaa| phira na milai yaha deha pachatAo bahu hoyago // 5 // " jIvako sAvadhAna karate hue kavine likhA hai ki tUne viSayome apanA mana lagA rakhA hai, AtmAkA hita nahIM krtaa| thoDe-se sukhake lie tU bhavasamudrame par3a gayA hai| pApa-lahara tujha kaSTa detI hai| ataH dharmarUpI jahAja pakar3akara, sukhapUrvaka isa bhavasamudrase pAra ho jAo, "jo dU viSayIna sau lagyau mana mAI re| mAtama hita nhI ho hI ceta mana mAI re // 23 // TUka suSa ko mavadadhi parau mana mAI re| pApa lahara duSa daihi ceta mana bhAI re // pakarai dharma jihAja jyau mana mAI re| suSasyo pAra karai hi ceta mana bhAI re // 24 // " dharmase prerita hokara jo jinendrakI pUjA karatA hai, jinendrake caraNomeM citta lagAtA hai, use manavAMchita phala milatA hai| jinendrake dvArA batAye gaye zivamArgako jo thor3A bhI jAna pAtA hai aura antame samAdhimaraNa karatA hai, use caturgatikA duHkha nahIM bhoganA pdd'taa| "lAgi dharama jina pUjiye, sAMca kahayo saba koi / citta prabhu carana lagAiyo, taba mana vAMchita phala hoi / / 73 // siva mAraga jina mASiyo, kiMcita jANau koi / maMti samAhi maraNa karai cau gai duSa nahiM hoi // 44 // "

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jaina makta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya jakhar3I vigata pRSThopara yaha likhA jA cukA hai ki jaina bhakti-sAhityame jakhar3iyoMkI paramparA purAnI hai| hindIke kavi bhI likhate rahe hai| rUpacanda, daulatarAma, bhUdharadAsa, rAmakRSNa aura jinadAsako jakhar3iyAM to bahuta hI prasiddha hai| 'jakhar3o'ko hindIkA stotra kaha sakate hai / bihArIdAsane bhI eka jakhar3IkA nirmANa kiyA thaa| usame 36 padya hai| usakI eka prati jayapurake TholiyoMke digambara jaina mandirame veSTana naM0 48 me surakSita hai| isame kula 4 panne hai / isako eka dUsarI prati jayapurake hI bar3e mandirake guTakA naM0 80 me saMkalita hai| isa pratipara racanA-saMvat 1756 paDA huA hai| isakA artha hai ki 'jakhaDI', 'sambodha-paMcAsikA'se do varSa pUrva bana cukI thii| jakhar3Ime tIrthakSetroM, akRtrima caityoM, kalpavRkSoM, dhavala-jayadhavala aura AcAryokI vandanA kI gayI hai / katipaya padya isa prakAra hai, "zikharI deza ke madhya virAjai sammedAcala vaMdauM jii| kama kATi nirvANa pahuMcyA bIsa jinezvara vaMdauM jI / / jambU zAlamalI vRkSa vaMdauM caitya vRkSa saba vaMdauM jii| rajata giri kulAcala vaMdauM kaMcana giri saba vaMdauM jii| arihaMta siddha sUra upAdhyAya sAdha sakala pada vaMdauM jii| jo sumarathA so bhavadadhi tirayA meTo karma kuphaMdA jI // " jinendra-stuti ___ yaha racanA 'bRhajjinavANI saMgraha' (pR0 126 ) me prakAzita ho cukI hai| isame bhagavAn jinendrake stuti-paraka bhAvoMkA prakAzana huA hai| bhakta kavi bhagavAnke usa rUpapara rIjhA hai, jisame vastrAbhUSaNakA ADambara nahI, apitu mudrAse zAnti bikhara rahI hai aura dRSTi nAsAke agra bhAgapara sthita hai / bhagavAnke caraNa kamala-jaise hai| unake nakhoMse karor3oM sUryoko prabhA nikala rahI hai| unapara devendra, nAga aura narendroMko mukuTa-maNiyAM jhuka rahI hai, "vastrAbharaNa vina zAnta mudrA, sakala sura nara mana hrai| nAsAgradRSTi vikAravarjita, nirakhi chavi saMkaTa harai // tuma caraNa paMkaja nakha pramA, nabha koTisUrya prabhA dherai| devendra nAga narendra namata su, mukuTa maNi dhuti vistarai // " 1. ye padya Tholiyoke mandiravAlI pratike mAdhArapara diye gaye haiN|

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326 hindI jaina bhakti-kAmya aura kavi bhagavAnkI zobhA kevala bAhya nahIM hai, unakA antaH bhI asAdhAraNa rUpase lasa rahA hai| unakI jApa lagAnese pApa-samUha naSTa ho jAte hai, aura unakA dhyAna karanese ziva-thala prApta ho jAtA hai / yaha jIva burAiyome phaMsakara saMsArake bar3e-bar3e duHkhoMko sahana karatA rahA hai, use sukha to sarasoke samAna bhI nahIM milA / bhagavAnkI bhaktise hI use mukha mila sakatA hai| "aMtara bahira ityAdi lakSmI, tuma asAdhAraNa lsai| tuma jApa pApakalApa nAsa, dhyAvate zivathala basai // maiM seya kudRga kubodha avata, cira bhramyo mava vana savai / dukha sahe sarva prakAra giri sama, sukha na sarSapa sama kabai // " saMsArake jIva viSaya-kaSAyome nimagna hai| jo ceta jAtA hai, vaha hI isa bhavasamudrako tira jAtA hai| apanI vigata karanIpara pazcAttApa karanA hI ziva-pathakI ora bar3hanA hai| yaha pazcAttApa hI jIvako bhagavAnke caraNoMme le jAtA hai aura bhaktake antaHkaraNase yaha hI lahara uThatI hai ki "he bhagavan ! mujhe ApakI bhaktike atirikta aura kucha bhI vaibhava nahI caahie|" etat sambandhI eka padya hai, "paracAha dAha dahayo sadA, kabahU~ na sAmyasudhA ckhyo| anubhava apUraba svAdu vina nita, viSaya rasa cAro bhakhyo / aba baso mo ura meM sadA prabhu, tuma caraNa sevaka rhoN| . vara bhakti ati dRr3ha hohu mere, anya vibhava nahIM cahoM // 5 // " bhaktako yaha pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki bhagavAnko zaraName jAnese janma-maraNake kaSTose chuTakArA mila jAyegA, "maMgala sarUpI deva uttama, tuma zaraNya jineza jii| tuma adhama tAraNa adhama, mama lakhi meTa janma kaleza jI // " AratI bihArIdAsako likhI huI eka sarasa AratI jayapurake chAvar3oke mandirame virAjamAna guTakA naM0 50 ke pU0 4 para akita hai| Arato 'AtamadevA'kI kI gayI hai| "karoM bhAratI prAtamadevA guNa parajAya anaMta amevA / / jAmaiM saba jaga vaha jaga mAhIM basata jagata meM jaga samA naahiiN||

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327 jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya brahmA viSNu mahezvara dhyAveM sAdhu sakala jiha ke guNa gAcai / bina jAne jiya cira bhava Dole __jihi jAnai china sivapaTa khole / vratI avratI vidha vyauhArA so tihuMkAla karama sau nyArA / / guru ziSya umaya vacana kari kahiye / vacanAtIta dasA tisa lahiyai // supara bheda ko kheda na chedA / bhApa Apa maiM Apa nivedA // so paramAtama pada sukha dAtA hauMha bihArodAsa vikhyAtA // " 84. kizanasiMha (vi0 saM0 1763 ) inake pitAmaha siMgahI kalyANa rAmapurake rahanevAle the| unakA vaMza khaNDelavAla aura gotra pATaNI thaa| kisI tIrtha yAtrAke lie saMgha nikalavAneke kAraNa unheM 'saMghI' kahA jAne lagA thaa| "siMgahI' usIkA bigar3A huA rUpa hai| Aja bhI aisoMke vaMzadharoMko 'saMghaI jU' kahate hai| siMgahI kalyANa anekAneka guNoMke nidhAna the, ataH unakA yaza bhI bahu bar3A thaa| bhagavAn jinendrakA pUjana aura jina-zrutakA adhyayana unakA nitya-naimittika karma thaa| dAna bhI bahuta dete the| unake do putra the - sukhadeva aura AnandasiMha / bhagavAn jinendrake padoMkI vandanAse sukhadevake tIna 'sunanda' utpanna hue : thAna, mAna aura kizana / kizana hI kizanasiMha bane / 'kSetra vipAkI karma'ke udayase ve 'nijapura'ko chor3akara sAgAnerame 1. khaMDelIvAlaM vaMsa visAlaM nAgaracAlaM desathiyaM / devanivAsaM dharmaprakAsaM pragaTakiyaM // saMgahIkalyANaM sabaguNa jANaM gotra pATaNI sujasaliyaM / pUjAjinarAyaM zrutagurupAyaM namaiM sakati nija dAma diyaM // 1 // panakriyAkoza, prazasti, prazastisaMgraha, jayapura, 1950, pR0 220 / 2. tasu suta duya evaM gurumukhadevaM lahuro ANaMdasiMha suNau / sukhadeva sunaMdana jinapadavaMdana thAna mAna kisanesa suNau //

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3.8 hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi rahane lage the| usa samaya vahA~ rAjA savAI jayasiMhakA rAjya thaa| saba prajA sukhI aura dhana-dhAnyase pUrNa thii| kizanasiMhakA jIvana bhI sukhamaya thaa| unakA adhikAza samaya bhagavAn jinendrakI bhakti aura sAhitya-racanAme vyatIta hotA thaa| unhone jo kucha likhA, hindIme ho likhaa| unake hRdayame jo kucha thA, bhagavAn jinendrake caraNomeM hI samarpita huaa| ve eka bhakta kavi the, jinakI bhASAmeM mAdhurya thA aura bhAvomeM svaabhaaviktaa| paNDita nAthUrAmajI premIne unakI kevala tIna racanAoMkA ullekha kiyA thA : 'kriyAkoza', 'bhadrabAhucaritra' aura 'raatribhojnkthaa| aba rAjasthAnake zAstra-bhaNDAroMmeM unakI lagabhaga 20 racanAoM kA patA lagA hai| unameM se adhikAMza jaina-bhaktise sambandhita haiN| kriyA-koza isakA nirmANa vi0 saM0 1784 meM huA thaa| isakA prakAzana bahuta pahale ho jaina sAhitya prasAraka kAryAlaya hIrAbAga, bambaIse ho cukA hai| isa granthame 2900 padya haiM, uname jainoko dhArmika kriyAoMkA ullekha hai| racanA maulika hai, kintu kavitAko dRSTise sAdhAraNa hai / kucha bhaktisambandhI padya haiM, "samavasarana lakSmI sahita, varddhamAna jinarAya / mamau vivudha vaMdita carana, bhavijana ko suSadAya // vRSama Adi jina Adi hai, pAraza lauM teIsa / mana vaca kAyA pada padma, vaMdoM kari dhari sIsa // kisana iha kInI kathA navInI nijahita vInI surapada kii| sukhadAya kriyA bhani yaha manavacanani suddhapaleM duragati pada kI // 2 // vahI, pR0 220 / 1. kSetra vipAkI karma udai jaba AIyA, nijapura taji ke sAMgAneri vsaaiiyaa| taha jina dharma prasAdi gamaiM dina suta lahI, sAdharmIjanamAnai de hita gahI // vhii| 2. hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, pR0 66 / 3. 'satrahasai saMvata daurAsiyAju bhAdo mAsa, varSAritizveta tithi punyau ravivAra hai|' vapanakriyAkoza, prazasti, prazastisaMgraha, pR0 221 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya "namo sakala paramAtamA, rahita aThAraha doSa / chiyAlisa guna pramuSa je, hai anaMta guna koSa / AcAraja uvajhAya guru, sAdhu trividha niragrantha / bhavi jagavAsI janani ko, darasA siva paMtha // " bhadrabAhu carita isakI eka prati nayA mandira dillIke zAstrabhaNDArameM maujUda hai| isameM 36 pRSTha haiM / yaha prati vi0 saM0 1929 kI likhI huI hai / isakI racanA hindI-padyameM huI thii| dUsarI prati jayapurake hI TholiyoMke digambara jaina mandirake veSTana naM0 78 meM baMdhI rakhI hai / isame 35 pRSTha hai| isapara racanAkAla saM0 1783 paDA huA hai| isI mandirake guTakA naM0 25 me bhI 'bhadrabAhucarita' saMkalita hai / yaha eka navIna prati hai aura isapara racanAsaMvat 1783 par3A hai, jisakA samarthana usako antima prazastise hotA hai| isameM AcArya bhadrabAhukA caritra aMkita hai / bhadrabAhu mantima zrutakevalI the aura unako bhaktimeM vipula sAhityakA nirmANa hotA rahA hai, unhIMme-se eka prastuta racanA bhI hai| isakA AdhAra AcArya ratna. nandike dvArA viracita saMskRtake 'bhadrabAhu carita' ko batAyA gayA hai| kizanasiMhake 'bhadrabAhu carita' meM bhAva aura bhASA donoM hI uttama koTike haiN| AdikA eka pada dekhie, "kevala bodha prakAsa ravi udai hota sakhi saal| jaga jana antara tama sakala cheyo dIna dayAla / sanamati nAma ju pAiyo jaise sanamati deva / moko sanamati dIjie namo trividha kari sev|" 1. nayA mandira dillIke 'a 29' para nibaddha 'bhadrabAhu carita' dekhie / 2. saMvata sataraha se asI upari aura hai tIna / mAgha kRSNa kuja aSTamI grantha samApta kIna // 20 // guTakA naM0 25, mandira TholiyAna, jayapura / 3. mUla-grantha kartA bhaye ratana nandi su jAni / tApari bhASA prahari konI matI paramAna // 1 // kisanasiMha vinatI kara, lakhi kavitA kI rIti / baha carita bhASA kiyau, bAlabodha dhari prIti // 17 // vahI, prazasti /

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330 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi rAtri-bhojana-kathA ___ isako 'nAgazrI kathA' bhI kahate hai| isakI eka prati paMcAyatI mandira dillIke hastalikhita granthoMmeM maujUda hai / isame 28 pRSTha hai / isapara racanAsaMvat 1773 par3A huA hai| isakI dUsarI prati 'nAgazrI kathA' ke nAmase jayapurake badhIcandajIke mandirake veSTana naM0 608 me nibaddha hai| usake Age bhI racanAsaMvat 1773 hI diyA huA hai| paNDita nAthUrAmajI premIne bhI kisI pratike AvArapara yahI racanAkAla nirdhArita kiyA hai| isakI eka prati Amerake zAstrabhaNDArame rakhI hai| isame kula 26 pRSTha hai, jinapara 415 padya aMkita hai| isa kathAkA Arambhika padya isa prakAra hai. "samosaraNa somA sahita jagata pUjya jinarAja / namau trividha bhavadadhina ko taraNa viruddha jihAja / / jina mukha aMbuja kharI, syAdvAda maya soya / tA svara suti kauM bhAva dhari, namauM sakala mada khoya // " bAvanI isako eka prati jayapurake bar3e mandirake veSTana naM0 1267 me nibaddha hai / isame kula 18 pRSTha hai / isapara racanAkAla saM0 1763 par3A hai| agaravandajI nAhaTAne bAvaniyokA eka choTA-sA saMkalana, 'rAjasthAname hindIke hastalikhita anthoMkI khoja', bhAga caturtha ( pRSTha 83 ) para diyA hai, jisame kizanakI bAvanI bhI hai| yaha prati bIkAnerake 'abhaya jaina granthAlaya' me maujUda hai / isapara racanAsaMvat vijayadazamI 1767 par3A hai| usakA Adi maMgalAcaraNa dekhie, "UMkAra apara apAra avikAra aja bhajaraju hai udAra, dAdanu huzna ko| kuMara te kITa parajaMta jaga jaMtu tAke, aMtara ko jAmI bahunAmI sAmI saMta ko| 1. anekAnta varSa 4, kiraNa 6, 7, pR0 563 / 2. hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, pR0 66 / 3. siri siMgharAja lokAM gacha siratAja, Aja tina kI kRpA jU kavitAI pAI paavnii| saMvata satara satasaThe vijedasamI kI, grantha kI samApata bhaI hai manabhAvanI / / abhaya jaina granthAlayakI prati /

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jaina makta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 330 ciMtA ko haranahAra citA ko karanahAra, poSana bharanahAra kisana anaMta ko| aMta kahai aMta dina rAkhe ko anaMta vina, ___ tAke taMta aMta ko bharoso bhagavaMta ko // 1 // " AdinAthajIkA pada isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1771 me huI thii| yaha prathama tIrthakara bhagavAn AdinAthakI bhaktime nirmita huA hai| isakI prati jayapurake di0 jaina mandira badhIcandajIke zAstrabhaNDArameM guTakA naM0 161 me saMkalita hai| yaha lipi mayAcanda gaMgavAlane raujhar3ome kI thii| cetana-gIta ___ yaha gIta apane cetanako zikSA denese sambandhita hai| cetana bhramameM phaMsakara sacAIko bhUla gayA hai / yaha gIta uparyukta mandirake hI guTakA na0 51 me nibaddha hai / yaha guTakA saM0 1823 kArtika badI 7 kA likhA huA hai| kavikA kathana hai ki yaha cetana guNavAn hote hue bhI apaneko bhUla gayA hai, jAgRta nahIM hotA / vaha catura hote hue bhI isa saMsArameM sukha mAna rahA hai| vaha bhava-bhramaNako bAta vismRta kara cukA hai "tuma sUte kAla anAdi ke jAgo jAgo jI cetana guNavAna / hojI suSa mAnata saMsAra meM iha ThAmyau jI tuma kauNa sayANa / kahu bhUli gaye mava bhramaNa ko kina sovo jI purabala bAtA // " Atmatattvako na jAnaneke kAraNa yaha jIva cAroM gatiyomeM bhramaNa karatA hai| caha Thagino kumatike cakkarame phaMsa jAtA hai aura usakA anAdikAla vyartha hI bIta jAtA hai, "ho jI iha vidhi cahu~ gati maiM bhramyo bina Atama tattva takI pahacAni / ho jI kAla anAdi gumAiyo isa kumati ugaurI ke bacamAMnI / / " vinatI ___ isa vinatIkA nirmANa tIrthakarakI bhaktime kiyA gayA hai| isakI prati uparyukta mandirake hI veSTana na0 1015 me maujUda hai / usame kevala eka pRSTha hai| usapara racanA aura lekhanakAla kucha nahIM diyA hai /

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332 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi pada ___inhoMne kucha pardoko bhI racanA kI thii| inake katipaya pada di0 jaina mandira bar3otake padasaMgrahakI hastalikhita pratime, kucha pada atizaya kSetra, mahAvIrajIke eka prAcIna guTake meM aura katipaya jayapurake badhIcandajIke mandirake guTakA naM0 158 meM saMkalita haiN| unhoMne eka padame madhyakAlIna jaina santoMko bhAMti hI kahA ki hRdayako zuddha kiye binA bhagavAnke nAmoccAraNa aura tIrthayAtrAoMse bhI kucha nahIM hotA, "jina ApakU joyA nahIM, tana mana kUSojyA nhiiN| mana maila kuM dhoyA nahIM, aMgula kiyA to kyA huA ttekaa| lAlaca karai diladAma kI, SAsati karai bada kAma kii| hiradai nahIM suddha rAma kI, hari hari kahathA to kyA humA / kuMtA huA dhana mAladA, dhaMdhA karai jNjaaldaa| hiradA huA cyamAladA, kAsI gayA to kyA huA // " eka-dUsare padameM vizuddha bhaktakI bhAMti hI kavine kahA ki jinakI A~kheM bhagavAn jinendrase laga gayI, ve unake binA raha nahIM sakate / jinendrake dekhanepara hI unhe sukha milatA hai| binA dekhe be byAkula ho uThate hai / eka bhaktame bhagavAnko nirantara dekhate rahaneko aisI adamya pyAsa hotI hai, jo kabhI bujhatI hI nahIM, "lAgi gaI ye a~khiyA~ jina bina rahyo huna jAya / jaba deSe taba hI sukha upaje vina dekhyA ukalAya / miTata hade ro sUrya udaya te mithyA timira miTAya / indra sarIsA tRpta na hUbA locana sahasa banAya / cirama bhArakha aba hai merai kara lUM kahUM banAya // anubhava rasa upajyau aba mere bhAnaMda ura na samAya / dAsa kisana aise prabhu pAye lakhi lakhi dhyAna lagAya // " puNyAzravakathAkoza ____ yaha eka mahattvapUrNa kRti hai, jisakI racanA vi0 saM0 1773 me huI thii| isakA saMkalana jayapurake badhIcandajIke mandirake guTakA naM0 38 meM kiyA gayA hai| yaha guTakA saM0 1823 meM likhA gayA thaa| isame jaina-bhaktokI padya-baddha kathAe~ haiN| 1. jayapurake mandira vardhAcandakA padasaMgraha 462, patra 185 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya caturviMzati jinastuti yaha stuti uparyukta mandirake hI guTakA naM0 102 veSTana naM 1909 me aMkita hai / bhagavAn pArzvanAthakI stutime racA gayA eka chappaya dekhie, "azvasena nRpa pitA devi vAMmA sumAtA / harita kAya nava hAtha varaSasta Ayu viSyAtA vANArasI su janma vaMza ikSvAku maMjhArI lachina sarapa ju vanyau prabhu upasarga nivArI 333 gaNavara jubhaye daza gyAna ghara kosa pA~ca samavAdi mani / zrI pArzvanAtha vaMdau sadA kamaTha mAna vanadava agani ||28|| " kizanasiMhajIne bhaktisambandhI aneka gota aura stutiyokI racanA kI hai| inakA saMkalana uparyukta mandirake hI guTakA naM0 502 meM kiyA huA maujUda hai / isa guTake 202 pRSTha hai, jiname se pRSTha 55 taka to kizanasihakA hI racA huA 'bhadrabAhucarita bhASA' likhA hai, aura avaziSTapara unakI bhaktisambandhI choTIchoTo racanAe~ nivaddha hai / ve isa prakAra hai, 'zrAvaka muni guNa varNana gIta,' 'caubIsa daNDaka' (saM0 1764), ' NamokAra rAsa' (1760 ), 'jinabhakti gIta', 'gurubhakti gIta,' 'cetana lorI', 'nirvANakANDa bhASA' ( saM0 1783, saMgrAmapura ) isI guTakemeM unakI 'ekAvalI vrata kathA' aura 'labdhi vidhAna kathAe~' bhI saMkalita haiN| 'labdhi-vidhAna kathA' kI racanA saM0 1782 me Aga meM huI thii| 85 khuzAlacanda kAlA ( vi0 saM0 1773 ) khuzAlacandakA janma sAMgAnerameM huA thA / unake pitAkA nAma sundara aura mAtA kA nAma abhivA thA / mUlasaMghI paNDita lakSmIdAsa unake guru the / unheM indra ke samAna khyAti prApta huI thI / unake pAsa vizada jJAna thA, jisakA 1. yaha stuti vi0 saM0 1766 vaizAkha kRSNA trayodazI somavAra ke dina pUrNa huI thI, aisA isa stutike 32ve padyase spaSTa hai| yaha isa stutikA antima padma hai / 2. aura suNI Age mana lAya, meM sundara ko naMda subhAya / siMha tiyA abhiSA mama mAya, tAhi kUMkhi meM upajU Aya / caMda khuzAla kahai saba loka, bhASA kInI suNata asoka // vrata kathAkoza, prazasti, prazastisaMgraha, pR0 257

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi vitaraNa bhI ve kAmadhenuke samAna hI kiyA karate the| ve kSamAvAn, jJAnavAn aura vivekavAn the| aise uttamakoTike vidvAnke pAsa rahakara khuzAlacandane zikSA prApta kI tho| zikSA-grahaNake uparAnta hI ve jahAnAbAdame Akara jayasiMhapurA nAmake muhalle meM rahane lage the| dillIkA hI nAma jahAMnAbAda thaa| usa samaya vahA~ seTha sukhAnandajI zAha bahuta prasiddha the| unake gharame rahanevAle gokulacanda nAmake jJAnI puruSakI preraNAse hI zrI khuzAlacandane 'harivaMza purANa'kA padyAnuvAda kiyA thaa| kavikI adhikAMza racanAeM jayasiMhapurAmeM rahakara hI banIM / kabhIkabhI sAgAnera bhI Ate rahate the| unakI jAti khaNDelavAla thii| khuzAlacandane 'harivaMzapurANa' (vi0 saM0 1780), 'uttarapurANa' ( vi0saM0 1799), 'dhanyakumAracaritra', 'yazodharacaritra' (vi0 saM0 1781), 'jambUcaritra', 'sadbhASitAvalI'-( vi0 saM0 1773 ), 'vratakathAkoza' (vi0 saM0 1787 ), 'padmapurANa' (vi0 saM0 1783 ), pada aura caubIsI pAThakA nirmANa kiyA thaa| iname purANa aura caritra anUdita racanAe~ hai / pada ___ inake race hue pada jayapurake Tholiyoke mandirake guTakA naM0 124 aura jayapurake hI badhIcandajIke mandirake padasaMgraha 492 meM aMkita hai| Tholiyoke mandirakA eka pada atyadhika sarasa hai| usameM bhakta ulAhanA dete hue bhagavAnse kahatA hai ki Apane aneka adhamoMko tAra diyA phira merI bera DhIla kyo karI hai| Apa mere guNa aura avaguNoMpara dhyAna mata dIjie, apane viradako ora nihArie, "tuma prabhu adhama aneka udhArai / DhIla kahA hama bAro jI // tArana tarana virada suna Ayo aura na tAraNa haaro| tuma bina janama maraNa dukha pAyau / kamana Avai pAro jI / mo guNa avaguNa prati mata jAvo / apaNI ora nihaaro| aMjana se pala maiM hI sudhAre aura kahA adhikAro jii|| maiM vinatI karahuM tribhuvana pati mero kArija saaro| caMda khusyAla sarana caranana ko so bhavapAra utAro jI // " 1. deva indra korati bhaye ju mUlasyaMgha bhaTTAraka ko padastha jAko sohitu hai| pUjAru pratiSThA karavAI avisamakAra mohanI sumUrati lakhetai mohitu hai // jAhI ke sugaccha mAMhi paNDita zrIya ju dAsa bAnI kAmadhenu tai sujJAna dohiitu hai| khimAvAna myAnavAna paNDita vivekavAna rAti ghoSa Agama vicAra Tohiitu hai / 2. bahI. pR0 256 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya caubIsI stutipATha di0 jaina mandira bar3autake eka guTakeme khuzAlacandajIko caubIsa stutiyAM saMkalita hai| isa guTakekA lekhanakAla saM0 1832 hai| pUrA guTakA unakI stutiyoMse hI pUrNa huA hai| pratyeka stutike antame apane nAmake lie kevala 'canda' kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| ___mArAdhyako sarvottama aura apaneko laghutama mAnanA bhaktiko prathama vizeSatA hai / kahI to bhakta kahatA hai ki hamAre ArAdhyako sura, nara, zeSa sadaiva sevA karate hai, bhramarake samAna unake caraNa-kamalako ora dina-rAta lage rahate hai, kahIM kahatA hai ki bhagavAnkI bhaktirUpI naukApara car3hakara pratyeka jIva bhavasAgarake pAra ho jAtA hai / yaha saca hai ki bhagavAnke samAna koI zivanAyaka aura suvidhAma nahI hai / ve avinAzI pada pradAna karate hai| yaha jAnakara ho bhakta unakI zaraName jAtA hai| use pUrA vizvAsa hai ki ve saMsAra du.khase dUra kara deNge| aise mahimAvAn prabhuse usakA prema ho gayA hai| vaha bhava-bhavame unakI sevAkA adhikAra cAhatA hai| "sura nara sesa sevA karai jI, carana kamala kI vora / maMvara samAna lagyau rahai jI nisi vAsara aru mora / / je jasa gAvai bhAva sau karata ApaNo kAja / bhavasAgara ko pAra kai jI, car3hI tuma nAva jihAja / / tama sama avaraja ko nahIM prabha sivanAyaka saSadhAma / avinAsI pada deta ho prabhU phira nahIM jaga soM kAma / / dAtA laSi maiM jAciyo jI kIje mohi hU pAra / bhava duSa sau nyArau raho prabhU rASo saraNa AdhAra / / caMda karai yA binatI jI suNijyauM tribhuvanarAI / janma janma pAUM sahI prabhu tuma sevA adhikAra // " 86. bhUvaradAsa (vi0 saM0 1783) bhUdharadAsako racanAose kevala itanA hI patA calatA hai ki ve AgarAke rahanevAle the aura khaNDelavAla jAtime utpanna hue the| paNDita daulatarAmajIne unhe 1. guTakA naM0 47, di0 jaina paMcAyatI mandira, bar3auta, sambhavanAthajIkI biintii| 2. Agare meM bAlabuddhi bhUdhara khaMDelavAla, bAlaka ke khyAla so kavitta kari jAne hai / bhUdharadAse, jainazataka, kalakattA, 13veM padyakI prathama do pNktiyaaN|

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hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi 'bhUdharamala' ke nAmase sambodhita kiyA hai, aura likhA hai ki ve AgaremeM syAhagaMjameM rahate the| syAhagaMjake mandirame hI unakA pratidina zAstra-pravacana huA karatA thaa| bhUdharadAsa kavi the aura paNDita bhii| adhyAtma-carcAmeM unheM vizeSa rasa AtA thaa| bhUdharadAsa AgarekI usI adhyAtma-paramparAmeM-se the, jo mahAkavi banArasI. dAsase prArambha huI thii| bhUdharadAsakA sAhityika-kAla nizcayarUpase aThArahavIM zatAbdIkA antima pAda thA, jaisA ki 'janazataka' aura 'pAvapurANa' ke racanA-saMvatse prakaTa hai| bhUdharadAsane vipula sAhityakA nirmANa kiyA, aura vaha sabhI sarasa tathA manorama hai| unakI racanAoMmeM vistAra hai, to Thosapana bhii| prasAda unakA sabase bar3A guNa hai / saralatA aura pravAha kisI bhI zailIko sucAru banA dete haiM, phira bhUvaradAsako abhivyaktimeM to svAbhAvikatA bhI hai| kAvyako dRSTise unake sAhityako do bhAgoMme vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai,, eka to muktaka kAvya aura dUsarA mahAkAvya / muktakakAvyameM unake dvArA racita 'bhUdharavilAsa', 'padasaMgraha', 'jakhaDI', 'vinatiyA~', 'bAraha bhAvanAeM', bAIsa parISaha aura stotra zAmila haiN| mahAkAvyake rUpame unhone 'pArzvapurANa'kA nirmANa kiyaa| yaha ucca koTikI kRti hai / madhyakAlona hindImeM usakA pratiSThita sthAna hai| usame bhagavAn pArzvanAthako bhaktikA svara hI pramukha hai| muktaka racanAoMme bhakti hai, to adhyAtma bhii| 'jaina darzana' kI bhAMti "jaina sAhitya meM bhakti aura adhyAtma nitAnta pRthak do pahalU nahIM hai / adhikAMzatayA dono samanvita hokara hI cale hai| bhUdharadAsakI racanAome bhI aisA hI hai| jaina-zataka isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1781 pauSa kRSNA trayodazI ravivArake dina pUrNa huI thii| isako racaneko preraNA dharmAnurAgI zAha harIsiMhase milI thii| isameM 1. anekAnta varSa 10, kiraNa 1, pRSTha 6, 10 // 2 isakA prakAzana 'jaina sAhitya prasAraka kAryAlaya, bambaI' aura 'jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, 'kalakattA' se ho cukA hai| . 3. satarahasai ikyAsiyA, pauha pAkha tama lona / tithi terasa ravivAra ko zataka samApata kIna // jainazataka, kalakattA, antima dohA, pR0 32 / 4. harIsiMha sAha ke suvaMza dharmarAgI nara, tinake kaha soM jori konI eka ThAne haiN|

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 337 107 kavitta, savaiyA, dohA aura chappaya hai / isa choTe se kAvyake prArambhameM arhanta, siddha, jinavANI aura sAdhuokI stutiyA~ hai, madhya meM asAra saMsArase vimukha hone kI bAta aura antame kucha AdhyAtmika upadeza tathA jainatvakI mahimAkA varNana hai / yaha saMsAra asAra haiM / isameM janma aura mRtyukA cakkara calA hI karatA hai / eka hI samayame kahI to janmakI badhAiyA~ bajatI hai, aura kahIMpara putraviyogase hAhAkAra macatA hai / kintu saba kucha jAnate hue bhI yaha mUr3ha nara cetatA nahIM, aura karor3oMkI eka-eka ghar3Iko vyartha karatA ho jAtA hai, "kAhu ghara putra jAyau kADhU ke viyoga Ayo, kAhU rAgaraMga kAhU rodhAroI karI hai / jahA~ mAnu Ugata uchAha gIta gAna dekhe, sA~jha samai tAhI thAna hAya hAya parI hai // aisI jaga rIti kI na dekhi bhayabhIta hoya, hA hA nara mUr3ha terI mati ko harI haiM / manuSa janama pAya sovata vihAya jAya, khovata karana kI eka eka gharI hai | 21|| " sAsArika prANI cAhatA hai ki kisI prakAra sampatti mila jAye, to hRdayakI sabhI manonIta abhilASAeM upazama ho jAyeM / phira to eka prAsAda bana jAyegA, patnIko gahanA gar3ha jAyegA, aura sutA-sutakA byAha kara 'bainA' bhI bAMTa lUMgA, kintu acAnaka jama A jAtA hai aura zataraMjakI bAjI rupIko rupI hI raha jAtI haiM, "cAhata hai dhana hoya kisI vidha tau saba kAja sarai jiyarA jI / geha cinAya karUM gahanA kachu, vyAhi sutAsuta bAMTiye bhAMjI // ciMtata yauM dina jAhiM cale, jama Ani acAnaka deta dagA jI / khelata khela khilAri gaye, rahi jAya rUpI zataraMja kI bAjI // 32 // " phira phira prere mere Alasa kA anta bhayo, unakI sahAya yaha mero mana mAne hai || jaina zataka kalakattA, pR0 32 / 43

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hindI jaina makti kAvya aura kavi bhagavAn siddhane dhyAnarUpI agnime karmarUpI zatruoMko jhokakara jalA DAlA hai / unhoMne divya jJAnakI kiraNoMse saMsArake jIvoMkA zokarUpI andhakAra naSTa kara diyA hai / vaha bhagavAn siddhalokame basate hai / bhakta unake caraNokI trikAla dhUli lete hue apaneko gauravAnvita mAnatA hai / "dhyAna hutAzana meM ari IMdhana jhoMka diyau ripu roka nivArI | zoka hasyo mavilokana kau vara, kevala jJAna mayUkha udhArI // loka aloka viloka bhaye ziva, janma jarAmRta paMka pakhArI / siddhana thoka basai zivaloka, tinheM pagadhoka trikAla hamArI // 11 // | " 338 bhagavAn neminAthakI stuti karate hue bhakta kahatA hai ki ai bhagavan ! jisa taraha Apane ugrasena kumArIke janmakAdi duHkhoMko naSTa kara diyA, ThIka vaise hI mujhe bhI isa saMsAra - jAla se mukta kara do / bhaktako bhagavAnkI isa zaktime vizvAsa hai, "zomita priyaMga aMga dekheM dukha hoya bhaMga, lAjata anaMga jaise dIpa bhAnu bhAsateM / bAla brahmacArI ugrasena kI kumArI jAdaunAtha taiM nikArI janmakAdau dukharAsa taM // moma bhavAnana meM Ana na sahAya svAmI, aho nemi nAmI taki Ayo tuma tAsa taiM / jaise kRpAkanda bana jIvana kI bandi chori, hI dAsa ko khalAsa kIjai bhavapAsa // 7 // bhaktakA vizvAsa sacce devame hai| jisa kisIme bhI sacce devake lakSaNa ho, bhakta usakI vandanA karaneko taiyAra hai| aisI udAratA bahuta kama bhaktoMme dekho gayI hai / prAyaH bhakta aise rahe hai jo sacAIko nahI kintu deva - vizeSake upAsaka honeme hI apanA ahobhAgya samajhate haiM / bhUdharadAsa una anya bhaktoMme nahI hai / AcArya samantabhadrakI bhA~ti unakI bhI eka kasauTI hai, jisapara kharA utaranevAlA hI unakA ArAdhya ho sakatA hai / dekhie, "jau jagavastu samasta, hasta tala jemanihAre / jagajana ko saMsAra, siMdhu ke pAra utArai || Adi-anta avirodhi, vacana sabako sukhadAnI / guna ananta jihamAhiM, roga kI nAhiM nizAnI // mAdhava maheza brahmA kidhauM, vardhamAna ke buddha yaha / ye cinha jAna jAke carana, namo namo mujha deva vaha ||46 // * ""

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jaina makta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya bhUdhara vilAsa bhUdharadAsako choTI-bar3I racanAokA saMgraha hai| isakI eka prati jayapurake Tholiyoke mandirame veSTana naM0 132 me nibaddha hai| usame 119 panne haiN| eka bhUdhara-vilAsako sUcanA kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikAke hastalikhita hindI granyoMke caudahaveM vArSika vivaraName aMkita hai| isa vivaraNake sampAdaka DaoN. pItAmbaradatta bar3athvAla the / yaha prati grAma-mohanA, DA0-iTauMjA, ji0-lakhanaU ke rahanevAle lAlA rikhabadAsa jainake pAsa dekhaneko milI thii| DaoN0 bar3athvAlane sampAdakIya TippaNIme likhA hai, "bhUdharadAsajIkI ina racanAomeM kucha to svatantra hai aura kucha anuvAda hai| bhASAme yadyapi kavikA lakSya vrajabhASAkI ora jhukA huA hai phira bhI unhone kahI-kahIM svatantratAse khar3IbolIkA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| thor3A-sA prayoga gujarAtIkA bhI hai|" "bhUdhara-vilAsa' jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya kalakattAse prakAzita ho cukA hai| isame 53 padya haiN| bhUdharadAsakA vizvAsa hai ki yadi bhavasAgarako pAra karanA cAhate ho to bhaktirUpI jahAja sajAo, "bhUdhara jo bhavasAgara tiranA, bhakti jahAja sajo // " ve bhagavAnke nAmame asIma bala mAnate hai| yadi kisAne bhajana-sudhArasase apanI rasanAko nahIM dhoyA, to vaha vyartha hai| "bhajana sudhArasa soM nahiM dhoI, so rasanA kisa kAma kI // japi mAlA jinavara nAma kI // 39 // " bhaktane bhagavAn ajitanAthase prArthanA kI ki hai bhagavan ! tuma kalpavRkSake samAna ho, merI manokAmanA pUrI kro| mujhe hAthI-ghoDA nahIM cAhie, mere hRdayame to Apa tabataka baso, jabataka mujhe mokSa na mila jaaye| "tuma tribhuvana meM kalapa taruvara, zrAsa bharo magavAna jI / / nA hama mA~ge hAthI ghor3A, nA kachu saMpati Ana jii| bhUdhara ke ura baso jagata guru, jaba lauM pada niravAna jI // 36 // " padasaMgraha bhUdharadAsakA 'padasaMgraha' bahuta pahale hI prakAzita ho cukA hai / eka 'padasaMgraha' jayapurake paNDita lUNakarajIke mandirame guTakA naM0 129 aura veSTana naM0 333 me nibaddha hai / vaise to bhAratake vibhinna jaina bhaNDAroMke vividha guTakome bhUdharadAsake pada 1. kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA "khojameM upalabdha, hastalikhita hindI granthoMkA caudahavA~ traivArSika vivaraNa, 1926-31" pariziSTa 1 / 2. vahI /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi vikhare hue hai| prakAzita 'padasagraha" me 80pada aura vinatI Adi haiM / unakA viSaya jinendra, jinavANI aura guruko bhaktise sambandhita hai| aneka pada AdhyAtmika bhAvoMke dyotaka bhI hai / manako cetAvanI dete hue likhaneke pIche jainoMkI apanI paramparA hai / bhUdharadAsako isa zailIpara kabIrakA prabhAva svIkAra nahI kiyA jA sktaa| yaha jIva saMsArake sukha aura vaibhavoMmeM sarAbora hokara bhagavAnkA nAma lenA bhI bhUla jAtA hai| duHkhoMmeM to sabhI bhagavAnko zaraNameM jAte hai, kintu sukhame jo bhagavAnkI bhakti kare vahI saccA bhakta hai| yahAM bhakta kavi saMsArakI asAratAko batalAtA huA jIvako bhagavAnke bhajanakI ora prerita kara rahA hai, "bhagavanta majana kyoM bhUlA re ? yaha saMsAra raina kA supanA, tana dhana bAri-babUlA re / bhagavanta bhajana kyoM bhUlA re? isa jobana kA kauna bharosA, pAvaka meM tRNa-tUlA re / kAla kuThAra liye sira ThAr3A, kyA samajhai mana phUlA re // magavanta bhajana kyoM bhUlA re ? // svAratha sAdhai pAMca pAMva tU, paramAratha kauM lUrA re / kahuM kaise sukha paiye prANI, kAma karai dukha mUlA re // ___ magavanta bhajana kyoM bhUlA re ? // moha pizAca chalyo mati mAre, nija kara kaMdha vasUlA re / maja zrI rAjamatIvara bhUdhara do duramati sira dhUlA re // bhagavanta majana kyoM bhUlA re // " na jAne kaba mauta A jAye, isalie bhagavAn jinendrake caraNoMko to kabhI vismaraNa karanA nahIM caahie| unake darzana-mAtrase hI duHkha bhAga jAte haiM aura pUjAse to bar3e-bar3e pApa bhI naSTa ho jAte hai| bhagavAnke caraNoMkA ekacitta ho dhyAna karanese manokAmanAeM pUrI ho jAtI hai, maMgala saMghaTita ho uThate hai aura pApa Tala jAte haiN| mastakake jhukAte hI moharUpI dhUla bhI jhar3a jAtI hai| bhakta kavi bhUdharadAsakA kathana hai ki jabataka kapha kaNThame Akara nahIM aDa jAtA, tabataka bhagavAnko bhaja le / gharameM agnike praviSTa ho jAnese kUpa khodanA cAturya nahIM hai, "jinarAja carana mana, mati bisrai| ko jAne kihiM bAra kAla kI, dhAra acAnaka bhAni parai // 1. yaha padasaMgraha 'janavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya kalakatA' se prakAzita huA thaa|

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341 jaina bhAta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya dekhata dukha maji jAhiM dazauM diza, pUjata pAtaka-puMja gire| isa saMsAra-sAra-sAgara sauM aura na koI pAra karai / ika cita dhyAvata vAMchita pAvata, Avata maMgala vidhana Tarai / bhohani dhUla parI mAthe cira, sira nAvata tatkAla jharai // tabalauM bhajana sa~vAra sayAnai, jabalauM kapha nahiM kaMTha bharai / agani praveza bhayo ghara 'bhUdhara' khodata kUpa na kAja sarai // " paramArtha jakhar3I jainoMme jakhar3iyAM likhanekI paramparA bahuta purAnI hai| harSakIrti, rUpacanda, daulatarAma, rAmakRSNa aura jinadAsa Adi sabhIne jakhar3iyA~ likhI haiM / bhUdharadAsakI isa jakhar3Ime kevala pAMca padya hai / paM0 pannAlAla bAkalIvAla-dvArA sampAdita 'jinavANIsaMgraha' me isakA prakAzana ho cukA hai|' __ manako sIkha dete hue kavi kaha rahA hai ki o mere mana ! tujhe isa saMsArame thor3e hI dina to jIvita rahanA hai, isalie tU bhagavAn jinendrake caraNose prema kara / jinendra-bhaktike binA karor3a barasoM taka jIvita rahanA bhI vyartha hai / jaba tUne naraparyAya prApta kI hai to jJAnI gurukI bAta samajhakara bhagavAn 'jina' kI bhakti kara, "aba mana mere be, suna suna sIkha syaanii| jinavara caranA be, kara kara prIti sujJAnI // kara prIti sajJAnI zivasukha dAnI. dhana jItaba hai paMca dinaa| koTi varasa jIvau kisa lekhe, jina caraNAmbuja bhakti vinA // nara parajAya pAya ati uttama gRha basi yaha lAhA lere| samajha samajha boleM guru jJAnI, sIkha sayAnI mana mere // 1 // " guru-stuti bhUdharadAsane do guru stutiyoMkI racanA kI thI, aura donoM hI 'jinavANI saMgraha' meM prakAzita ho cukI haiN| jainome deva, zAstra aura gurukI pUjA bahuta purAne samayase calI A rahI hai| guruke binA na to bhaktikI hI preraNA milatI hai aura na jJAna hI prApta hotA hai| isIlie eka ora to jJAniyome gurukI mahimA hai, to dUsarI bhora bhakta bhI guruke binA nahIM cala paataa| yahAM bhUdharadAsajI karma-zRMkhalAoMko kATanA cAhate haiM, kintu unako pUrA 1. bRhajinavANI saMgraha, kizanagar3ha, samrAT saMskaraNa, pR0 604,605 / 2. bRhabjinavANI saMgraha, kizanagaDha, samrATa saMskaraNa, sitambara 1956, pR0 128-151 /

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342 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi vizvAsa hai ki guruke anugrahake binA ve kaTa nahI sktii| guru eka usa rAjavaidyakI bhAMti hai, jo bhramarUpI rogako to turanta hI ThIka kara detA hai| unakA guru kevala 'paropadeze pANDityaM' vAlA guru nahI hai, apitu vaha svayaM bhI isa saMsArase taratA hai aura dUsaroko bhI tAratA hai / dekhie, "baMdI digambara guru carana jaga, tArana tarana jAna / je bharama mArI roga ko haiM, rAjavaidya mahAna // jinake anugraha binA kamI, nahiM kaTai karma jaMjIra / te sAdhu mere ura vasahu, mama harahu pAtaka pIra // " jaina guru tapasvI hotA hai / ve jeThako tapatI dopahariyome, jalate parvatoMko uttuga zRMgapara, pAvasakI bhayAvaha rAtomeM, Tapa-Tap karate vRkSoMke nIce, aura zItakAlameM tuSArAvRta nadI aura sarovaroMke taTapara dhyAna dhAraNa kara baiThate hai / bhUdharadAsa aise guruko apane maname sthApita kara, apaneko gauravAnvita mAnate hai,2 "jeTha tapai ravi Akaro, sUkhai saravara-nIra / zaila-zikhara muni tapa tapaiM, dAjhai nagana zarIra // __ te guru mere mana bso|| pAvasa raina DarAvanI, barase jaladhara dhAra / tarutala nivaseM sAhasI, bAjai jhaMjhAvAra / te guru mere mana baso // zIta par3e kapi-mada galai, dAhai saba bana rAya / tAla taraMgini ke taTai, ThAr3e dhyAna lagAya // te guru mere mana bso|| yaha vidhi duddhara tapa tapaiM, tInoM kAla majhAra / lAge sahaja sarUpa meM, tanaso mamata nivAra // te guru mere mana bso||" bhUdharadAsakA guru vaha hI hai, jisane indriyoMko vazameM kiyA ho aura sukha tathA vaibhavAko lAta mAra dI ho| jo pahale raMgamahaloMkI komala zayyAoMpara paur3hatA thA, aura aba rAtake pichale paharame thor3A-sA zarIrako saMkoca kara, bhUmipara so letA hai| pahale jo caturaMgiNI senA sajAkara hAthIpara calatA thA, aba jamInako dekha-dekhakara calatA hai| aise guruoMke caraNa jahA~ par3ate hai, vaha sthAna 1. vahI, pahalI guru stuti, pR0 148 / 2. vahIM, dUsarI gurustuti, pRSTha 150 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya tIrthakSetra bana jAtA hai / usa dhUlako mastakapara car3hAte hue bhUdharadAsa atyadhika gauravAnvita hai, "raMga-mahala meM paur3hate, komala seja bichAya / te pacchimanizi bhUmi meM, so| saMvari kAya // te guru mere mana bso|| gaja car3hi calate garaba soM, senA saji cturNg| nirakhi nirakhi paga ve dharai, pAleM karuNA aMga // te guru mere mana bso|| ve guru caraNa jahA~ dharai, jaga meM tIratha jeha / so raja mama mastaka car3hau, 'bhUdhara' mAMge yeha // te guru mere mana bso||" bAraha-bhAvanA ___ yaha anekoM bAra prakAzita ho cukI hai| abhI-abhI 'jJAnapITha pUjAjali' me bhI isakA prakAzana huA hai| isame sAsArika jIvanakI asAratAko sarasatAke sAtha kahA gayA hai| isa saMsArameM rAjA aura raMka sabako maranA hai / marate samaya koI roka nahI sakatA, bar3Ise baDI tAqata bhI nhii| yaha jIva saMsArameM jaba taka rahA, duHkhI rahA, cAhe usake pAsa dhana thA yA nahIM, "rAjA rANA chatrapati, hAthina ke asavAra / maranA sabako eka dina, apanI apanI bAra // dala bala deI devatA, mAta-pitA parivAra / maratI biriyAM jIva ko, koI na rAkhana hAra // dAma binA nidhana dukhI, tRSNAvaza dhanavAna / kahUM na sukha saMsAra meM, saba jA dekhyo chAna // Apa akelo avatarai, marai akelo hoya / yUM kabahUM isa jIva ko, sAthI sagA na koya // " jinendra-stuti bhUdharadAsake dvArA nirmita tIna jinendra-stutiyoMkA prakAzana 'jinavANI sagraha' me hI huA hai| jiname-se 'aho jAta guru eka'vAlo sarasa stuti ucita saMzodhanake 1. vahI, dUsarI gurustuti, pRSTha 151 // 2. jJAnapITha pUjAMjali, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1657 I0,khaNDa 6, pR0 528-526 / 3. bRjjinavANI saMgraha, pR0 132-34, 528-30, 530-31 / /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi sAtha 'jJAnapITha pUjAjali'me bhI chapI hai| ___ saMsAramai duSTa karmoke hI kAraNa isa jIvako vividha dukha milate hai / karma eka bahuta bar3e duzmanake samAna hai| usase chuTakArA pAneke lie dukhiyA bhakta dInadayAla prabhuse prArthanA kara rahA hai, "maho jAta guru eka, sulie araja hmaarii| tuma prabhu dInadayAla, maiM dukhiyA saMsArI // isa mava-vanake mAhi, kAla anAdi gamAyo / bhramyo cahuMgati mAhi, sukha nahiM dukha bahu pAyo / karma mahAripu jora, eka na kAna karai jI / mana mAne dukha dehiM, kAhU soM na Darai jii|" pApa aura puNyane milakara pairome ber3o DAla do hai, aura tanarUpI kArAgRhameM bahuta adhika du.kha diyA hai| he jagavandha ! maine inakA kucha nahIM bigADA thA, ye to akAraNa hI bairI bana gaye haiN| aba maiM Apake suyagako sunakara ApakI zaraNameM AyA huuN| he nIti-nipuNa jagarAya ! hamArA nyAya kara diijie| "pApa puNya mili doya, pAyani ber3I ddhaarii| vana kArAgraha mAhi, mAhi diyo dukha mArI // inako neka vigAra, maiM kachu nAhiM kiyo jii| vina kArana jagavanya, bahuvidha baira liyo jI // aba Ayo tuma pAsa, suna jina sujasa tihaaro| nIti-nipuna jagarAya, kone nyAva hmaaro||" bhUdharakI bhakti svAmi-sevaka bhAva hI pradhAna hai| phira bhI unakA sevaka gulAmakI ghinaunI avasthA taka nahIM pahuMcA hai| Apa kahIpara bhI use ghidhiyAte nahIM dekheNge| usane sunA ki bhagavAn patitoMkA uddhAra karanevAle haiM aura vaha bhI apane dukhoMko lekara unake pAsa pahu~ca gayA, "jai jagapUja parama guru nAmI, patita udhAra na aMtarajAmI / dAsa dukhI tuma ati upagArI, sunie prabhu ! aradAsa hamArI // // " bhava-bhavame AtmA ujjvala bane aura samAdhimaraNapUrvaka anta ho| aisA mokSaprApti taka hotA rahe / yaha saba kucha bhagavAnkI bhaktise hI sambhava hai, aura bhagavAn 1. jJAnapITha pUjAMjali, khaNDa 6, pRSTha 522-523 / 2. vahI, pRSTha 522 / 3. vahI, pRSTha 523 / 4. bahajjinavANI saMgraha, pRSTha 132 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya ko bhakti bhI-bhagavAnko kRpAse hI mila sakatI hai / dekhie, "mava mava anubhava prAtamakerA; hohu samAdhimaraNa nita merA / jabalauM janama jagata maiM lAdhauM, kAla labdhi bala lahi ziva sAdhauM / tabalauM ye prApati mujha hUjo, bhakti pratApa manoratha pUjauM / prabhu saba samaratha hama yaha loreM, bhUdhara araja karata kara jorai // " pArzvanAtha stuti __ isameM bhagavAn pArzvanAthakI mahimAkA varNana hai| isakA prakAzana 'jinavANI saMgraha meM ho cukA hai| kavine likhA hai, bhagavAn pArzvanAthakA nAma sudhArasake samAna zItalatA aura zAnti pradAna karanevAlA hai| usakI pUrI mahimA gAnemeM zakra bhI samartha nahIM hai, phira maiM to upahAsAspada hI lguuNgaa| aba to yaha hI prArthanA hai ki jabataka maiM mokSa prApta karUM, tabataka pratyeka janmameM Apa svAmI aura maiM sevaka rahU~, "pArasa prabhu ko nAu~, sAra sudhArasa jagata maiM / maiM vAkI bali jAu~, ajara amara pada mUla yaha // 1 // yoM agama mahimA siMdhu sAhaba, zakra pAra na paavhiiN| taji hAsamaya tuma dAsa bhUdhara bhagativaza yaza gaavhiiN| aba hou bhava-bhava svAmi mere, maiM sadA sevaka rhauN| kara jori yaha varadAna mAgauM, mokhapada jAvata lahauM // 10 // " pArzvanAtha stotra yaha stotra bhI uparyukta 'jinavANI saMgraha' me hI chapa cukA hai| isame kula 22 paJca hai / dohA-caupAIkA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| stutiko apekSA yaha stotra adhika sarasa aura jIvanta hai| bhagavAn pArzvanAthake yazakA varNana jaba cAra jJAnake dhAraka muni bhI nahIM kara pAte, to eka sAdhAraNa bhaktakI kyA sAmarthya hai, jo usakA kIrtana kara ske| kintu bhagavAnko bhaktise prerita hokara usase jo kucha karate banatA hai, vaha karatA. hI hai / isa bhAMti bhaktako laghutAkA yaha citra atIva suhAvanA hai, "prabhu isa jaga samaratha nA koya / jAsoM tuma yaza varNana hoya / / cAra jJAna dhArI muni thkaiN| hama se maMda kahA kara ske| 1. vahI, pRSTha 133-34 / 2. vahI, pRSTha 135-37 / 3. vahI, pRSTha 261-64 /

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346 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi yaha ura jAnata nizcaya hIna / jina mahimA varNana hama kIna // para tuma bhakti thakI vAcAla / tisa vaza hoya kahU~ guNamAla // " mithyA-matakA vRkSa lagA huA hai, usapara janma aura maraNake phUla lage haiN| vaha duHkha rUpa phaloMko denevAlA vRkSa sivA bhaktirUpI kuThArake aura kisIse nahIM kaTa sakatA, "janma jarA mithyAmata mUla / janma maraNa lAge taha~ phUla // ____so kabahU~ bina bhakti kuAra / kaTai nahIM dukha phaLa dAtAra // 13 // " ekIbhAva stotra ___ yaha vAdirAja munike 'ekIbhAva stotra'kA bhASAnuvAda hai| kintu itanA saphala anuvAda hai ki mUlakA rasa kahIMpara bhI vizRMkhala nahIM ho pAyA hai| bhagavAnkI bhaktirUpI gaMgAmeM jo snAna kara letA hai, vaha phira kabhI apavitra nahIM ho paataa| yaha gaMgA syAdvAdarUpI parvatase nikalakara mokSarUpI samudrame giratI hai, "syAdvAda giri upaje mokSa sAgara lauM dhaaii| tuma caraNAmbuja parasa bhakti gaMgA sukhdaaii| bhaucita nirmala thayo nhona ruci pUraba tAmai / aba vaha ho na malIna kauna jina saMzaya yAmaiM // 16 // " tattvavidyA dhanake dhArI guru gaNezajI kahate haiM ki he jina ! tuma jyotisvarUpa ho aura duritarUpI andhakAra nivAraNa karanevAle ho| jabataka tuma mere cittarUpI gharameM basoge, tabataka pAparUpI andhakArako rahane kA avakAza hI nahIM mila sakatA, "tuma jina joti svarUpa durita a~dhiyAri nivArI / so gaNeza guru kahaiM tattva vidyA dhana dhArI / / mere citaghara mAhiM basau tejomaya yAvata / pApa timira avakAza tahAM so kyoM kari pAvata // 2 // " pArzvapurANa, isa mahAkAvyako racanA vi0 saM0 1789 ASAr3ha sudI 5 ko huI thii| 1. stotrakA prakAzana jinavANI saMgrahameM huA hai| isameM kula 27 padya hai / jinavANI saMgraha, pRSTha 246-52 / 2. saMvat sataraha se samaya, aura navAsI liiy| sudi aSAr3ha tithi paMcamI, grantha samApata kIya // pAcapurANa, 336vA~ padya, pRSTha 11 /

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jaina makta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya isakA prakAzana bahuta pahale 'jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya kalakattA' se huA thaa| yaha eka maulika kRti hai, arthAt kisI saMskRta racanAkA anuvAda nahIM hai| jainaparamparAme carita grantha likhaneke lie kucha aisI nizcita bAteM hai, jo pratyeka racanAme pAyI jAyegI, aura vaha isame bhI hai| pUrva bhavoMkA varNana, nagariyoM aura prAkRtika zobhAkA ullekha, mAke solaha svapna, aura pacakalyANoMkA bhakti'pravAha pratyeka kRtime milegaa| zailI-gata bhinnatA hI navInatA kahI jA sakatI hai| bhUdharadAsako zailI prasAdaguNayukta hai, aura bhASA komalakAnta padAvalIse samanvita / 'pAvapurANa' eka mahAkAvya hai / isame 9 adhikAra haiN| bhagavAn pArzvanAthako janmase hI nahI, kintu pUrva bhavoMse lekara nirvANa paryantako kathA hai| prathama adhikArase antima sarga takako kathAmeM eka sambandhanirvAha hai| avAntara kathAeM mukhya kathAnakakI puSTi aura abhivRddhi karato ho hai| nAyaka kSatriya rAjakumAra aura tIrthakara hai| zAntarasako pradhAnatA hai, vaise anya rasoMkA bhI samAveza huA hai| sabhI adhikAroMme dohA-caupAIkA bahuta adhika prayoga hai, kahI-kahIM soraThA aura chappaya bhI Aye hai / vividha prAkRta dRzyoMkA varNana hai| prArambha aura antame maMgalAcaraNa bhI hai / kAvyakA nAmakaraNa nAyakake nAmapara huA hai| isa bhAMti mahAkAvya ke sabhI lakSaNa isameM vartamAna hai| prArambhame hI bhagavAn pArzvanAthakI stuti kI gayI hai| kavikA aTala vizvAsa hai ki unako vandanA karanese, anAdikAlase baMdhe hue karma chUTa jAyeMge, "bAgha siMha vaza hoMhiM, viSama viSadhara nahiM ddkaiN| bhUta preta baitAla, vyAla bairI mana shNkaiN|| zAkini DAkini agani, cora nahiM bhaya upjaaveN| roga soga saba jAhiM, vipata nere nahiM Avai // zrI pArzvadeva ke pada kamala, hiye dharata nija eka mana / chUTeM anAdi baMdhana baMdhe, kauna kathA vinazaiM vidhana // 5 // " mahArAjA Anandane munivara vipulamatIse pUchA ki "pratimA dhAtu paravAna ko, pragaTa acetana aMga / pUjaka jana ko puNya phala, kyoM kara deya abhaMga // tuma jaga meM 1. mahAkAvyake ina lakSaNoMke lie AcArya vizvanAthakA sAhityadarpaNa, chahA pariccheda, padya 315-24 dekhie / 2. pAzvapurANa, pRSTha 1 /

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** hindI jaina makti kAvya aura kavi *" saMjaya timira, dUra karana ravi rUpa / yaha mujha bharama miTAie, kareM vInatI bhUpa // arthAt bhagavAn jinendrako acetana pratimA pUjaka janako puNya phala kaise pradAna karatI haiM ? munine jo uttara diyA, vaha isa prakAra hai, 'jaise cintAmaNi ratana, manavAMchita dAtAra / tathA acetana bimba yaha, vAMchA pUrana hAra // jyoM yAcata sukha kalpataru, dAnI jana ko deya / syoM aceta yaha deta hai, pUjaka ko sukha zreya // afNa mantrAdhika auSadhI, haiM prataccha jar3a rUpa / viSa rogAdika ko harai, tyoM yaha aghahara bhUpa // tapasvI pArzvanAthapara kamaTake jIvane bahuta bar3A upasarga kiyaa| pArzvane use ha~sate-haMsate jhela liyA / usIkA eka citra yahA~ upasthita kiyA gayA hai| yadi citrAMkana uttama kAvyakI kasoTI hai to yaha padya bhI uttama kAvyakA hI nidarzana mAnA jAyegA, "kilakilaMta baitAla, kAla kajala chavi sajahiM / afare vikarAla, mAla madagaja jimi gajjahiM // muMDamAla gala dharahiM lAya loyanani DarahiM jana / mukha phuliMga phuMkarahiM karahiM nirdaya dhuni hana hana // ihi vidhi aneka durvaSa dhari, kamaTha jIva upasarga kiya | tihuM loka baMda jinacandra prati, dhUli DAla nija sIsa likha // 3 bhagavAn pArzva prabhuko kevalajJAna utpanna huA / indra devatAoMke sAtha bhagavAn ke samavazaraName AyA / bhagavAnkI pUjA kI aura sira jhukAkara stuti karane lagA, usakA antima padya hai, "tisa kAraNa karuNAnidhi nAtha, prabhu sanamukha jore hama hAtha / jabaloM nikaTa hoya niravAna, jaganivAsa chUTai dukha dAna // tabaloM tuma caranAmbuja vAsa, hama ura hohu yahI aradAsa / aura na kachu vAMchA bhagavAna, yaha dayAla dIjai varadAna || " 4 1. vahI, pRSTha 26 | 2. vahI, pRSTha 27 / 3. vahI 823, pRSTha 65 / 4. vahI, AThavA~ adhikAra, 10 73 /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya anya racanAe~ gaja bhAvanA aura paMcameru pUjA, ve racanAe~ hai, jinakA ki abhI patA calA hai / ye donoM TholiyoMke digambara jaina mandirameM virAjamAna 648veM 'pAThasaMgraha' meM nibaddha haiM / isI 'pAThasaMgraha' meM 'vajranAbhi cakravartiko vairAgyabhAvanA' nAmakI racanA bhI saMkalita hai| tInoM hI bhUdharadAsakI kRtiyA~ hai / iname se 'vairAgyabhAvanA', "jinavANI saMgraha' meM chapa bhI cukI hai| bAIsa parISaha bhI bhUdharadAsakI kRti hai / inakA pRthak prakAzana 'jinavANI saMgraha' me pRSTha 706-15 taka ho cukA hai / 87. nihAlacanda (vi0 saM0 18vIMkA antima pada ) afaar nihAlacanda pArzvacandra gacchake vAcaka haraSacandake ziSya the / unakI racanAoMse unake pArivArika jIvanapara koI prakAza nahI pdd'taa| itanA avazya vidita hotA hai ki unake jIvanakA adhikAMza samaya baMgAlame kaTA / unakI mAtRbhASA gujarAtI thI, ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki ve gujarAtame hI kahIM utpanna hue hoNge| unakI pA~ca racanAoM meM se tIna gujarAtIme aura do hindIme hai / inakA samaya saMvat 1800 ke Asa-pAsa hai / nihAlacanda eka uttama koTike kavi the / abhItakakI khojome unakI kevala pA~ca racanAokA patA calA hai : 'maNikadevIrAsa', 'jIvavicArabhASA', 'navatattvabhASA', 'baMgAlakI gajala' aura 'brahmabAvanI' | iname antima do hindIme likhI gayI thIM / brahmaaratt kavivara nihAlacandakI yaha eka prasiddha racanA hai / isIke AdhArapara unheM mahAkavi kahA jA sakatA hai| isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1801 kArtika sudI 6 ko 1. rAjasthAnake jaina zAstra bhaNDAroMkI granthasUcI, bhAga 3, pRSTha 311 / 2. bRhajjanavANI saMgraha, pRSTha 561-65 / 349 3. pAsacanda gaccha svaccha vAcaka haraSacanda, kIrateM prasiddha jAkI sAdhu mana bhAvanI / tAke caraNAravinda punyateM nihAlacanda, kInhI jina matite punIta brahmavAvatI // bAvanI, 51 veM pakI antima paMktiyA~, rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthoMkI khoja, bhAga 4, udayapura, 1654, pRSTha 88

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hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi murzidAbAdame huI thii| isakI eka prati bIkAnerake 'abhaya jaina granthAlaya'me maujUda hai| isameM 52 padya haiM / usapara uparyukta racanA-kAla diyA huA hai| dUsarI prati 'jaina siddhAntabhavana ArA'ke hastalikhita granthomeM maujUda hai| yaha prati bhI zuddha evaM pUrNa hai| eka prati vaha hai, jisakA ullekha zrI mohanalAla dulocandajI desAIne kiyA hai| isa pratimeM bhI 52 padya hai| prati pUrNa evaM isameM jaina-paramparAke anusAra bhagavAn siddha, jo nirAkAra aura adRzya hai, kI upAsanA kI gayI hai| nirAkAra AtmAkA varNana hone ke kAraNa usameM avyAtma aura vairAgyakA puTa adhika hai| nirguNa-brahmakI bhaktimeM santa kaviyoMkI racanAe~ jaise madhuratA-sikta haiM, vaise hI isame bhI AkarSaka DhaMgase bhAvoMko gUMthA gayA hai| okAra rUpa bhagavAn siddhakI bhaktimeM kahA gayA eka padya dekhie, "Adi oMkAra Apa paramesara parama joti, agama agocara alakha rUpa gAyau hai / dravyatA meM eka pai aneka bheda parajo maiM, ___jAko jasavAsa mata bahuMna maiM chAyau hai| triguna trikAla meva tInoM loka tIna deva, ___ aSTa siddhi navoM niddhi dAyaka kahAyau hai| akSara ke rUpa meM svarUpa bhualoka huMko, aiso oMkAra harSacanda muni dhyAyo hai|" mokAra mantrakI prazaMsA karate hue kavine likhA hai ki isake barAbara dUsarA mantra nahIM hai| yaha siddhoMko siddhi, santoMko Rdi, mahantoko mahimA, yogiyoMko yoga, deva aura muniyoMko mukti, tathA bhogiyoMko bhukti detA hai / yaha cintAmaNi, 1. saMvat aThAre se adhika eka kAto mAsa, pakha ujiyAre tithi dvitIyA suhaavnii| pura meM prasiddha makhasudAbAda baMga desa, jahA~ jaina dharma dayA patita ko pAvanI / / brahmabAvanI, 51veM padyakI prArambhika pNktiyaaN| 2. rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthoMkI khoja, caturtha bhAga, pRSTha 88-89 / 3. premI aminandana granthameM nibaddha jaina siddhAntabhavana, pArAke kucha hastalikhita hindI-grantha, pA~cavIM saMkhyA / 4. jaina gurjarakavimo, tIjo mAga, khaNDa 1, pRSTha 8,6 / 5. vahI, pRSTha /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya kalpavRkSa aura kAmadhenuke samAna hai / vizuddha jJAnako dRSTi bhI usIse milatI hai , "siddhana kauM siddhi, Rddhi dehi saMtana kauM mahimA mahantana kauM deta dina mAhI hai, jogI ko jugati hUM mukati deva, munina kU, bhogI kuMbhugati gati mati una pAMhI hai| cintAmana ratana, kalpavRkSa, kAmadhenu sukhake samAja saba yAkI parachAMhI hai, kahaiM muni harSacanda nirSadeya jJAna dRSTi UMkAra maMtra sama aura mantra nAhIM hai|" ___ kavi nihAlacanda sAdRzya-vidhAnameM nipuNa the| unhone apanI laghutA dikhAte hue sAdRzyakI racanA kI hai| kavine likhA hai ki merA yaha kAvya bAlakrIDAkI bhAMti hai, usameM galatiyoMkA honA svAbhAvika hai| sajjana apanI subuddhi aura udAracittase unako sudhAra leN| mere isa kAvyako ve pavanake svabhAvase sthAnasthAnapara prasiddha kara deM, pannagake svabhAvase ekacitta hokara suneM, bhramarake svabhAkse arthako sugandhi grahaNa kareM aura haMsake svabhAvase guNoMko cuna leM, "hama pai dayAla hokai sajjana vizAla citta merI eka vInatI pramAna kari liijiyo| merI mati hIna tAteM kInho bAla khyAla ihu. apanI subuddhi te sudhAra tuma dojiyo / pauna ke svabhAva tai prasiddha kIjyau aura Thaura, paJcaga svamAva eka citta meM sunniijiyo| ali ke svabhAva te sugandha lIjiyo aratha kI, ' haMsa ke svabhAva hoke guna ko grahIjiyau / baMgAla dezakI gajala isapara racanAkAla nahI diyA hai, kintu isake varNanase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isakA nirmANa vi0 saM0 1782-95 ke bIcame kabhI huaa| isameM mukhyatayA baMgAlake murzidAbAdakA varNana kiyA gayA hai| usa samaya vahA~ navAba zujAzAha rAjya kara rahA thaa| baMgAlake itihAsase spaSTa hai ki zujAzAhane I0 saM0 1726 se 1739 taka murzidAbAdakI navAbI kii| isI AdhArapara uparyukta saMvatkI kalpanA kI gayI hai| muni kAntisAgarajIne yaha gajala 'bhAratIya vidyA' meM prakAzita karavA dI hai| muni jinavijayajIne usakA aitihAsika sAra bhI diyA hai| 1. jaina siddhAnta bhavana ArAvAlI prati / 2. abhaya jaina granthAlaya bIkAneravAlI prati / 3. rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthoMkI khoja, bhAga 2, udayapura, 1947 I0, pRSTha 152 | 4. bhAratIya vidyA, varSa 1, aMka 4, pRSTha 413-26 /

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352 hindI jaina bhaki-kAvya aura kavi 88. paM0 daulatarAmajI (vi0 saM0 1777-1869) paM. daulatarAmajIkA janma jayapura sTeTake vasavA nAmaka gA~vame huA thaa| Aja bhI yaha jayapurakA eka kasabA hai| yaha dillIse ahamadAbAda jAnevAlI bI0 bI0 eNDa sI0 AI0 Ara0 kA eka sTezana bhI hai| daulatarAmajIke pitAkA nAma AnandarAma thaa| unhone apanI pratyeka racanAke antame 'AnandarAma suta daulatarAmena' likhA hai| unakI jAti khaNDelavAla aura gotra kAsalIvAla thA / ve jayapurame Akara rahane lage the| vasavAme daulatarAmajIke gharake sAmane ho vizAla jaina mandira thaa| vahAM jinapUjana, zAstrasvAdhyAya tathA tattvacarcA hotI hI rahatI thii| bAlapanameM daulatarAmajIkA jhakAva jainadharmako aura nahIM thaa| isI madhya unakA AnA AgarA haa| vahA~ banArasIdAsako adhyAtma-paramparA aneka vidvAnokA jamaghaTa thaa| uname paM0 bhUdharadAsajIko sarvAdhika khyAti thii| daulatarAmajIne unheM bhUdharamalake nAmase pukArA hai| unake atirikta hemarAja, sadAnanda, amarapAla, bihArIdAsa, phatehacanda, catarbhuja aura RSabhadAsake nAma bhI vizeSarUpase ullekhanIya hai| inhIM meM se RSabhadAsajIke upadezase daulatarAmako jainadharmapara vizvAsa huA aura Age calakara vaha vizvAsa agAdha zraddhAke rUpame pariNata ho gyaa| daulatarAmane apane guru RSabhadAsakA aneka sthAnIpara smaraNa kiyA hai| paM.daulatarAmajIkA vyaktitva asAdhAraNa thaa| ye eka ora tatkAlIna jayapura aura udayapurako rAjyanItike sUtradhAra the aura dUsarI ora sAhitya-sAdhaka bhii| unakI racanAose unakI vidvattA bhI spaSTa hai / saMskRta aura hindI donoM bhASAoMpara unakA samAna adhikAra thaa| unhone jaina purANoM aura AdhyAtmika granthokA saphala hindI-anuvAda kiyA hai / unakA gadya hindIko amUlya nidhi hai / 'adhyAtma bArahakhar3I' nAmake granthameM unakI maulika kAvya-pratibhAke darzana hote hai| paM0 daulatarAmajI jayapurake mahArAja savAI jayasiMhake putra mAdhavasiMhake mantrI the| mAdhavasiMha udayapurame rahate the, ataH paM0 daulatarAma bhI vi0 saM0 1886 se saM0 1808 taka udayapurame rahe / mAdhavasiMhake jayapurAdhIza honepara ve jayapura meM Akara rahane lge| unakA lambA samaya udayapurameM biitaa| vaibhavasampanna hote hue 1. puNyAzrava TIkAko antima prazasti / 2. vasuvA kA vAsI yaha anucara jaya ko jAni / maMtrI jayasuta ko sahI jAti mahAjana jAni / / puNyAzravakathAkozakI antima prazasti /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya bhI paNDitajIkA hRdaya udAra aura dayAlu thaa| unakA jo samaya rAjyakAryose bacatA thA, usakA upayoga ve pUjana, dhyAna, adhyayana aura grantha-nirmANameM karate the| unakA rahana-sahana sAdA aura pavitra thaa| racanAe~ paM0 daulatarAmane sarvaprathama 'puNyAsrava kathAkoza'ko bhASA-TIkA vi0 saM0 1777 me kii| taduparAnta unhone 'vasunandIzrAvakAcAra'ko TabbA TokAkA nirmANa vi0 saM0 1808me kiyaa| unake dvArA 'padmapurANa' ko bhASA-TIkA vi0 saM0 1823, 'AdipurANa'ko 1824, 'puruSArthasiddhayupAya'kI 1827 aura 'harivaMzapurANa'kI 1829 me kI / zrIyogInduke 'paramAtmaprakAza'kI TokAke viSayame DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhyene likhA hai, "isa bAtako koI asvIkAra nahI kara sakatA ki isa hindI anuvAdake hI kAraNa joindu aura unake 'paramAtmaprakAza'ko itanI khyAti milI hai|' unhoMne 'harivaMzapurANa' ke sAtha hI 'zrIpAlacarita'kA bhI hindI anuvAda kiyA thA / ina TokAome maulikatA bhale hI na ho, aimI sarasatA hai, jisake kAraNa Aja bhI loga unheM rucipUrvaka paDhate hai / aneka jaina nara-nAriyoMne kevala 'padmapurANa' par3haneke lie ho hindI sIkhI aura bAvA bhAgIratha-jaise aneka ajaina 'padmapurANa'kI hindI TIkA par3hakara jaina-zraddhAnI ho gye| 'paramAtmaprakrAga'ko TIkAme paM0 daulatarAmako AdhyAtmika pravRtti spaSTa ho hai| unhoMne 'adhyAtmavArahakhar3I' nAmake eka maulika granthakA bhI sRjana kiyA thaa| unhoMne usakA dUsarA nAma 'bhaktyakSaramAlikA bAvanI stavana' bhI likhA hai| yaha paNDitajIkI samartha kAvyazaktikA pratIka hai| isakI aneka hastalikhita pratiyAM vividha zAstra-bhaNDAromeM maujUda hai / bar3A mandira jayapura, di0 jaina mandira bar3auta aura nayA mandira dillIkI pratiyAM maine dekhI haiN| sabhome isakA racanAkAle vi0 saM0 1798 diyA huA hai| isa kRtime hindoke 52 akSarome-se pratyekako lekara kAvya-racanA kI gayo hai| isame ATha pariccheda hai| paM0 daulatarAmane sabase pahale mandAkrAntA, mAlinI, sragdharA, upendra vajrA aura zArdUlavikrIDita-jaise saMskRtake chandokA hindIme prayoga kiyaa| isa racanAmeM gotA aura motIdAma-jaise navIna chanda bhI hai| inake atirikta unhone dUhA, caupaI, savaiyA, kavitta, chappaya, baravai, kuNDaliyA, aDilla, troTaka, paddhaNI, bhujaMgaprayAta, nArAca, tribhaMgI aura soraThAme bhI kavitA kii| 1. paramAtmaprakAzakI aMgarejI prastAvanAkA hindI anuvAda /

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354 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi isakA viSaya bhakti aura adhyAtma dono hI se sambandhita hai / isame lagabhaga 5000 paca haiN| 'adhyAtma bArahakhar3o meM bhaktirasa apanI carama sImApara pahuMca gayA hai / aisI bhAva-vibhoratA, aisI tallInatA bahuta kama racanAome dekhI jAtI hai| paM0 daulatarAmane usa 'rAma' ko vandanA kI hai, jo sabameM rama rahA hai / aisA koI sthAna nahIM jahAM vaha rAma na ho, "vaMdo kevala rAma kauM, rami ju rahyo saba mAhi / aisI aura na deSie, jahAM deva vaha nAhiM // 10 // " AtmA aura jinendrake rUpameM koI antara nahI hai| ataH kavine 'Atamadeva' kI sevA karanekI bAta likhI hai / "pUjauM Atamadeva kauM, karai ju prAtama seva / zreyAtama jagadeva jo, deva deva jinadeva // 30 // " / udAra bhakta kaviyone apane devame ho anya devoMke bhI darzana kiye hai| sUrane kRSNameM rAmako aura tulasIne rAmame kRSNako dekhA hai| jaina kaviyoMko jinendrameM brahmA, viSNu aura maheza tIno hI dikhAI diye haiN| chanda nArAcame ina vicAroMkI sarasatA dekhie, "tuhI jineza zaMkaro suSaMkaro prajApatI tuhI hiraNyagarma ko garma ko dharApatI mahA sva zakti pUrako tuhI jino ramApatI ramA ju nAma mAma nAhiM, zakti rUpa hai chatI // 50 // " narAdhipa, surAdhipa aura phaNAdhipa terA bhajana karate haiN| anAdikAlake karma dUra bhAga jAte hai / he Izvara ! na tU bAla hai, na yuvA hai aura na vRddha hI hai| tU aneka bhI hai aura eka bhI hai| tU jJAna rUpa hai aura aizvaryakA vidhAna hai, isa. bhAMti bhakti karate hue kavine likhA hai, "narAdhipo surAdhipo phaNAdhipo tujhe majeM anAdikAla ke ju karma dAsa tai pare bhaneM / tuhI ju nAhiM bAla hai na vRddha hai yuvA na hai aneka eka jJAna rUpa Iza tU nidhAna hai // 54 // " 'OM' kI aneka kaviyoMne stuti kI hai| isa racanAmeM bhI bhakta kavine OMkI mahattAkA varNana kiyA hai,

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 351 "OMsama ko maMtra ju nAhIM, paMca parama pada yAke maaNhii| OM mantra ju bhagavata rUpA, OM zruti saMmRti ko bhUpA // OMkAra svarUpa niraMjana, OMkAra sakala zruti raMjana / OMkAra nidhAna anUpama, OMkAra pradhAna jagUpama // " jinendrakA dAsa AvAgamanake cakkarase baca jAtA hai| aise ananta dAsa bhavasamudrase pAra ho jAte hai, "ika bhava dhari vaha to maiM milihai, tero dAsa na jaga meM rulihai / tere dAsa anaMta ju ughare, tokauM pAya bahuta jana ubare // " sAdhu 'niramohI' hokara, arthAt saMsAra tyAga kara, jinendrakA hI bhajana karate haiM / jinendra anubhUti rUpa hai / unakA svabhAva zuddha hotA hai aura prabhAva amita kavine isa bhakti-bhAvanAko troTaka chaMdamai abhivyakta kiyA hai, "je sAdhu atandrA vasahiM ju kandrA, mata jina candrA diDha ju dharaiM / te japahiM ju to hI hai niramohI, chAMDi savohI dhyAna kareM / da hai anubhUtI rUpa vibhUtI nAhiM prasUtI kvApi dhrai| atirikta vimAvo zuddha svamAvo amita prabhAvo kAla harai // " bhagavAnkI bhakti karanese aneka guNa utpanna hote haiN| yaha guNa jananI aura zivajananI donoM hI hai / guNamAtA bhakti hI suramAtA bhI hai, "tumharI bhakti ju nAtha jI upajAvai guna dhoka / tAteM guna jananI ihai ziva jananI vinu zoka // gunamAtA suramAta hai terI bhakti dayAla aura na suramAtA prabhU iha mArSe surasAla // " santa kaviyoMkI bhAMti paM0 daulatarAmane likhA hai ki kevala mUDa muMDAnese kucha nahIM hotA hai, AtamarAmakI sevA karanese jJAna utpanna hotA hai / AtamarAmakI sevA kevala bhagavAnkI kRpAse hI prApta ho sakatI hai, "muMDa muMDAye kahA, tasva nahiM pA jau lauN| muDhani ko upadesa sunai mukti ju nahiM tolauM / malamUtrAdi matyo ju deha kabahUM nahiM shuddhaa| zuddho AtamarAma jJAna ko mUla prabuddhA //

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi aiso to vinu ko kahai ko devai nija jJAna kauM / suni ju vInatI tAri hari muMdi rahe mati kAnakauM // " paM0 daulatarAma chahaDhAlA Adike kartA paM. daulatarAmase pRthak the| 89. bhavAnIdAsa (vi0 saM0 1791 ) banArasame rAmaghATapara eka jaina mandira hai, jisake zAstra-bhaNDArame aneko hastalikhita pratiyokA saMcaya hai| eka pratime bhavAnIdAsako aThAraha racanAeM lipibaddha haiN| sabhI hindIme hai / unapara rAjasthAnI athavA gujarAtIko koI chApa nahIM hai| inake AdhArapara yaha pramANita hai ki unakA janma hindI bhASA-bhASiyoke madhya hI huA thA / 'phuTakara zataka' ke tIna padyome Agareke tIna zvetAmbara mandiro aura uname pratiSThita mukhya mUrtiyokA samaya Adi diyA hai| pahale padyake anusAra Agareke cintAmaNijIke mandirako sthApanA saM0 1640 mAgha badI 5 ko huii| dUsare padya ke anumAra zrIgaNavara svAmIke mandirame candrAnanajIkI pratimA sa01668 ko mAgha badI 7 ko sAha horAnandane banavAyI, jinake gharapara samrAT jahA~gIra AyA thaa| tIsare padyake anusAra bhagavAn zotalanAthakI pratimA saM0 1818 ke mAgha sudI 14 ko pratiSThita huii| isa bhA~ti unhone Agarake zAha hIrAnandakA bhI sammAnapUrvaka ullekha kiyA hai / yadyapi unhoMne dilloke vAsupUjyajIke mandirakI sthApanAkI bhI bAta kahI hai kintu mukhyatA Agareke mandiroMkI hI hai| ina bhAdhArose yaha anumAna lagAnA zrAsAna hai ki ve Agareke rahanevAle the aura unakA janma zvetAmbara jAtimeM huA thaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki unake gurukA nAma 'guru mAnAjI' thA jo eka pratiSThita zvetAmbara sAdhu the / bhavAnIdAsane saM01783 meM sarvaprathama unase bheMTa kii| unhone gurujIke saM0 1809 pauSa badI 8, bRhaspatibArako rAtako svargavAsI honekI sUcanA bhI apanI kRti 'jIva vicAra bhASA' me likhI hai, jo saMvat 1810 kArtika sudo 10 ko racanA hai| kavi bhavAnIdAsa 'kA racanA-kAla saMvat 1791 se saMvat 1828 taka mAnA jAnA cAhie, aisA hI unakI kRtiyoMse spaSTa hai| unakI adhikAMza racanAe~ bhagavAn jinendrako bhaktise sambanvita hai| vaise unhoMne apanI kucha kRtiyome tAttvika carcA bhI kI hai, kintu pradhAnatA bhakti ko hai / adhyAtma bArahamAsA aura cetana hiNDolanA-jaisI racanAoMse yaha prakaTa hai

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jaina makta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya ki unapara banArasIkI 'adhyAtma paramparA' kA bhI prabhAva thaa| AtmAko lekara bArahamAsokA varNana karanA adRSTake prati anubhUti-paraka bhAvoMko prakaTa karanA hai| bhavAnIdAsakI racanAe~ isa prakAra haiM : 'covIsa jinabola' padya - saM0 1797, 'adhyAtma bArahamAsa' - 12 pacha - 1781, 'jJAnanirNaya bAvanI' 12 paca - saM. 1791, kAkAbattIsI - 34 padya - saM0 1796, 'caubosIke kavitta' - 26 padya, 'hitopadeza bAvanI' - 52 dohA - saM0 1792, pannavaNA alpAbahuta 98 bola bhASA, - 52 padya - saM0 1791, 'sumati kumati bArahamAsA' - 12 padya, jJAnachanda cAlIsI - 40 padya - saM0 1810, saradhA chattIsI - 37 padya, 'neminAtha bArahamAsA' - 12 padya, 'cetana hiNDolanA gIta'-8 padya, 'nemihiNDolanA'-8 padya, 'rAjamati hiNDolanA'-8 padya, 'neminAtha rAjImatI gota'-8 padya, 'cetana sumati sajjhAya' - 12 padya, 'phuTakara zataka' - 98 padya, 'jIvavicAra bhASA' - 151 padya / bhavAnIdAsake katipaya pada, atizaya kSetra mahAvIrajIke eka adhajale guTakeme niSaddha haiN| nemIzvarakI bhaktimeM samarpita eka pada dekhie, "sya car3ha jAdunaMdana Avata haiM calo sakhI milI deSana kuu|| mora mukuTa kesariyA jAmA kara meM kaMgaNa rAjita haiM / tIna chatra mAthe para sohai cavasaTha camara Dhugavata haiN| indra candra thArI sevA karata haiM nArada bIna bajAvata haiN| dAsa mavAnI dou kara jor3e caraNoM meM sIsa navAvata haiN|" 90. ajayarAja pATaNI (vi0 saM0 5792-1794) ajayarAja Amerake rahanevAle the| inakI jAti khaNDelavAla aura gotra pATaNI thaa| katipaya racanAoMse spaSTa hai ki ve aTThArahavIM zatAbdIke antima pAdame hue the| 'yazodhara caupaI'-saM0 1792, pAzvanAtha sAlehA' - saM0 1793 aura 'AdipurANa' - saM0 1797 me race gaye the| isase unakA racanA-saMvat spaSTa hai|

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358 hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi ajayarAja aTThArahavIM zatAbdIke eka sAmarthyavAna kavi the| unako adhikAMza kRtiyAM bhakti aura adhyAtmase sambandhita hai| 'jinagIta' 'padasaMgraha', 'pUjA' aura 'jayamAlAyeM', 'NamokAra siddhi' tathA 'neminAtha carita', bhaktipUrNa kRtiyA~ haiN| 'carakhA caupaI', 'zivaramaNIkA vivAha' aura 'jinajIkI rasoI' adhyAtmasambandhI rUpaka hai / 'AdipurANa bhASA', 'cAra mitroMko kathA', 'yazodhara caupaI' aura 'kakkA battosI sAdhAraNa racanAeM haiM / inapara rAjasthAnIkA prabhAva hai| AdipurANa bhASA yaha hindI-padyame likhA gayA hai| isameM 225 pRSTha haiN| isakI racanA vi. saM0 1797 me huI thI / jayapurake bar3e mandirame veSTana naM0 111 meM nibaddha hai| cAra mitroMkI kathA isakI racanA sa0 1781 me huI thii| yaha bhI uparyukta mandirake hI ceSTana naM0 412 me nibaddha hai| isame kula 6 pRSTha hai / yazodhara caupaI isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1762 kAttika badI 2 ko huI thii| isakI eka prati saM0 1800 caita vado 11 kI likhI huI badhIcandajIke di0 jaina mandirame sthita hai| yaha pratilipi bassIvAle cUhaDamala pATanIne Amerame karavAyI thii| carakhA caupaI eka rUpaka-kAvya hai| yaha jayapurake badhonandajIke jaina mandirake guTakA naM0 134 meM nibaddha hai / isame 11 padya hai, prathama toname jinendrako vandanA hai, sAta padyomeM carakhekA rUpaka hai aura antameM usakI upayogitAkA varNana hai| kRti bhAvapUrNa aura rasayukta hai / prArambhake padya dekhie, "zrI jinavara vaMdU guNagAya, catura nAri carSe lAya / rAga doSa vigatA parihare, catura nAri carape cita dharai // prathama mUla caraSA ko jANi, deva dharma guru niscai ANi / doSa aThArA rahata sU deva, guru niragaMya tiNa kari seva / / dharma jinesura bhASita sAra, japata tata hiradai avadhAra / jyoM samakita upajai suSakAra, tA vina bhramyo bhava tU saMsAra / " zivaramaNIkA vivAha __yaha uparyukta mandirake guTakA naM0 158, veSTana naM0 1275 me nibaddha hai| isameM kula 17 padya hai| AtmAmeM paramAtmAke udaya hone ko hI AtmAke sAtha

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 'paramAtmAkA vivAha mAnA jAtA hai / isIko jaina loga jIva rUpI dulahAkA mokSarUpI ramaNIke sAtha vivAha honA svIkAra karate hai| jaba aimA hotA hai to deva milakara Ananda manAte hai, "deva sabai mili aAiyAjI, haraSa hIye adhikAya / rUpa deSata mana mohIyA jI, locana sahasa karAya // 4 // " zivaramaNIne AtmAkA mana moha liyA hai| usake AnandakA pArAvAra nahIM hai| ajayarAja hAtha jor3akara aise Atmanke guNa gAte hai, "ziva ramaNI mana mohIyo jI jeThe rahe jI lumAya jJAna sarovara meM chaki gaye jI bhAvAgavaNa nivAri // 15 // ATha guNAM maMDita huvA jI suSa ko tahA~ nahIM chora prabhu guNa gAyAM tuma taNAM jI ajairAji kari jor3i // 16 // " jina-gIta ___uparyukta guTake meM hI jina-gIta bhI saMkalita hai| isame 10 padya haiM / kavine eka padyame likhA hai ki he bhagavan ! Apake 'tAraNa virada'ko sunakara hI mai ApakI zaraNameM AyA hU~ / Apake darzanase mujhe puNya milaa| eka dUsare padyame kavine zivaramaNIke kanta jinendrase bhava-samudrase usa pAra utAra denekI prArthanA kI hai, "thAko tAraNa virada sunyo tuma saraNauM bhAIyo jii| thAko darasaNa deSita maiM prabhu puMni upAIyo jI // bhujI zivaramaNI ko kaMta, paramapada dhyAIyo jii| tAteM aba muhi pAra utAri, dayA cita lAIyo jI // 7 // " jinajIkI rasoI isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1793 me huI thii| yaha badhIcandajIke mandirameM virAjamAna guTakA naM0 50, veSTana naM0 1014me nibaddha hai| isI guTakeme yaha do sthAnoMpara aMkita hai / ekameM 36 padya hai jo apUrNa hai, aura dUsareme 53 padya hai

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360 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi jo pUrNa haiM / isame saba prakArake vyajanoM aura bhojanoke nAma ginAye gaye hai| bhojanoparAnta vana-vihAra AdikA bhI varNana hai| bhagavAn jinendrake bAla-varNaname bhI saundarya hai / saba kucha bhagavAn 'jina'kI bhakti se hI sambandhita hai / yaha rasoI sAdhAraNa nahIM hai, ArAdhyako santuSTa karane ke lie banAyI jAneke kAraNa isame kucha alaukika svAda A gayA hai / Arambha, madhya aura anta dekhie, "yaha jina jI kI kahU~ rasoI / tAko suNata bahuta sukha hoii|| tuma rUso mata mere camanA / khelo bahuvidhi ghara ke aMganA // deva aneka bahota khilaavai| mAtA dekhi bahuta sukha pAvai // 3 // " madhya "chimaka caNA kiyA ati malA / ilada miraca daM ghRta meM talA / mesI roTI adhika vaNAI / Arogo tribhuvana pati rAI // " antima "ajairAja iha kiyo bakhANa / bhUla cUka mati haMsau sujANa // saMvat satrAsai treNAve / jaMTha mAsa pUraNA hvai|" kakkA-battIsI yaha kRti usI mandirake guTakA naM0 58 aura veSTana naM. 1026meM nibaddha hai| yaha guTakA naM0 121 para bhI aMkita hai| isako racanA vi0 saM0 1737 vaizAkha sudI 13 dina somavArako huI thii| isame 40 padya hai / kavine likhA hai, "nanAM nipaTa vajIka hai, nijapada nija ghaTa maahiiN| jyauM jala bIci kamaudanI, tyauM cevana jar3a pAhIM // 24 // sasA so aba pAiyo, so kabahu~ nahIM jAya / dhani janesara dhani garU, tina prasAda ihai pAya / / 36 // " guTakA naM0 58meM ajayarAjako likhI huI eka dUsarI kakkA battIsI aura hai| usame kevala 34 padya hai / use adhyAtma-battosI kahanA hI upayukta hai| kavine pratyeka jIvakI AtmAko paramAtmA kahA hai aura usI prema karanekI bAta likhI hai, "ThaThA ThAkura jagata meM jiya tuma sama bhavara na koI rai lAla / 1. satrAseMtIyAsIye riti grISama vaimASa / somavAra terasi bhalI, avara ujAlau pASa // guTakA naM0 58, 40vA~ pacha /

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361 naina makta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya sudhapayoga subhAva kari jyauM Ananda bahutai hoi rai lAla // 13 // DhaDhA DhUMDhau brahma ko jiya tA bini karanI bAdi rai lAla / tA bini cahuMgati har3oyo jiya Soyo kAla anAdi rai lAla // 15 // dadA nija darasaNa binA jiya japa tapa sabai niratha rai lAla / kaNa bina tusa jyauM phaTaka teM jiya Avai kachu na hathi rai lAla // 19 // nanAM nipaTa saneha kari rai nija prItama nija mAhi re lAla / sadA raMgIlo rasa marayau tAkauM deSata mana haraSAMhi rai lAla // 21 // " vinatI ____ajayarAjakI 'zrI jina rikhaba mahanta gAU~ stuti uparyukta mandirake guTakA naM0 121 meM, 'jAgI jAgI ho trIbhuvana ke rAya' mandira TholiyAna, jayapurake guTa ka naM0 131 (le0, vi0 saM0 1779 ) meM aura 'nijarI lagI tuma caraNa soM' badhIcandajIke mandira jayapurake guTakA naM0 51, pR0 62 para aMkita hai / antima stuti atyadhika sarasa hai| kucha paMktiyAM dekhie, "tAraNa virada suNo sabai muni jina lAgata pAya / / nijarI lagi tuma caraNa soM so kabahuM nahiM jAya // tuma mUrati prabhu deSatA nija pada sahaja lagAya // caraNa kamala duti hai isI koTi suraja chipa jAya // suSa karatAM duSa soSatAM tuma tribhuvana pati rAi // tuma sevA bina suNI prabhu duSTa karama nahiM jAi / mavi jina bahota samodhika bhavi jala pAra utAra // ajairAji vinatI kari AvAgamaNa nivAri // " ajayarAjake pada bhAratake sabhI zAstra-bhaNDAroke padasaMgrahoMmeM pAye jAte haiN| jayapurake mandirokA to zAyada hI koI zAstra-bhaNDAra ho, jisameM ajayarAjake pada na

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362 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi ho / badhocandajIke mandirake guTakA naM0 158 veSTana naM0 1275 me nibaddha eka padako paMktiyAM isa prakAra hai, "tuma paramAtama deSi ju pada apano laSyo Atama anubhava amRta rasa apuraba caSyo / sesai saba miTi gayo mahA Ananda bhayau acala aSaMDita nija pada nija ghaTa maiM layau // 8 // namuM namuM prabhu haraSa mahA ura ANi ke magana bhayo tuma deSi nijapada jAni ke| ihai bhagati nara nArI mana dhari gAisI ajairAja kahai suNa mukati pada gAisI // 9 // " ajayarAjakA pUjA aura jayamAlA sAhitya jayapurake badhIcandajIke mandira meM virAjamAna guTakA naM0 50 bahuta hI prasiddha hai| isameM 202 pRSTha hai / ajayarAjakI anekAneka racanAeM isI guTakeme saMkalita haiN| adhikatara pUjAe~ hai / 'AdinAthapUjA', 'caturviMzati tIrthakarapUjA', 'nandIzvara pUjA', 'paMcameru pUjA', 'bosa tIrthaMkaroko jayamAla', 'siddha stuti', 'caubIsa tIrthakara stuti' aura 'zrI zreyAMsa sakala guNa dhAra' bhI isIme aMkita hai / inake atirikta 'pArzvanAtha sAlehA' bhI isImeM likhA huA hai, jisako racanA saM0 1793 jyeSTha sudI 15 ko huI thii| 'AdinAtha pUjA' pUrNa hai| 'nandIzvara pUjA me kevala 9 padya hai| sabase adhika padya 'caubIsa tIrthaMkara stuti'me hai, arthAt 20 padya hai / bhagavAn jinendrakI bhaktime likhe gaye anya muktaka pada bhI isI guTakemeM nibaddha hai| NamokAra siddhi __ yaha bhI uparyukta mandirake guTakA naM0 51 aura veSTana naM0 1217me aMkita hai| yaha guTakA saM0 1823 kAttika badI 7 ko likhA gayA thaa| yaha choTA-sA kAvya 'NamokAra mantrakI mahattA' se sambandhita hai| neminAtha carita yaha eka mahattvapUrNa kRti hai| isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1793 ASAr3ha sudI 13 ko huI thii| isakI pratilipi saM0 1798 caitra sudI 8 ko kI gyii| 1. saMvata satarAsai traiNavai, mAsa asAr3ha pAI varNayo / tithi terasa aMdherI pAkha, zukravAra zubha utima dAkha / neminAtha caritra, TholiyoMke mandira, jayapurakI hastalikhita prati /

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jaina bhakta kavi : jIvana aura sAhitya 363 yaha jayapurake Tholiyoke di0 jaina mandirake guTakA naM0 108me nibaddha hai / caritrakI padya-saMkhyA 264 hai| isa kAvyake nirmANako preraNA ambAvatI nagarake jinamandirame virAjamAna bhagavAn neminAthako manojJa mUttiko dekhakara milI thii| kavine isa pratimAko zyAmavarNakA kahA hai| vaha isakI pUjA-arcA bhI prati-dina kiyA karate the| prArambhika maMgalAcaraNa dekhie, "zrI jinavara bandau sabai, Adi anta caubIsai / jJAna puMji guNa sArikhA, namo tribhuvana kA Isa // tAmaiM nemi jiNanda ko bandau bArambAra / tAsa carita bakhANisyo, tucha buddhi anusAra // " kaTaneke lie baMdhe jIvoMpara karuNA karake hI nemIzvara vivAha-dvArase vApasa lauTa Aye / vItarAgo dIkSA le, tapa karane giranArapara cale gye| vilApa karatI rAjula kahatI hai, "yadi tumhArA viyoga huA to hamArA janma hI niSphala ho jAyegA, isalie saMyama chor3akara sAMsArika sukhoMko bhogo| jaba tumane dayA karake pazuo takako chur3A liyA, saba mInakI bhAMti tar3apatI huI mujhapara dayA kyo na karoge?" "jo hoi viyoga tihAro, niraphala kai janama hamAro / tAteM saMjama aba tajie, saMsAra taNAM sukha majie // jala bina mIna jiva kima, mIna taise hUM tuma AdhIna / tuma bhAva dayA kI kInhA, saba jIva chur3AI jI // " rAjA savAI jayasiMhakA rAjya thaa| ambAvatI nagarake madhyame eka jinamandira thaa| usame nemikumArako anupama mUtti thii| mandirake cAroM orake prAkR. tika vAtAvaraNakA dRzya dekhie, "ajayarAja yaha kIyo bakhANa, rAja savAI jayasiMha jANa / aMbAvatI saharai suma thAna, jina mandira jima deva vimANa // vIra nivANa sohai banarAI, beli gulAba camelI jaaii| campo marabo arai sevati, yo hau jAti nAnA vidhi kItI // bahu mevA vidhi sAra, varaNata mohi lAgai baar| gaDha mandira kachu kahayau na jAi, sukhiyA loga base adhikAi // tAmai jina mandira ika sAra, tahAM virAjai zrI nemikumAra / syAma mUrti somA ati ghaNI, tAkI upamA jAina gaNI // "

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hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi zubha bhAgyase una bhagavAn ke darzana ho pAte hai / aneka zrAvaka vahA~ Ate haiM aura apane azubha karmoko kATa DAlate hai / ajayarAja bhI mana, vacana, karmase pUjana karate hai | nitya prati usa mUrttikI vandanA karanese yaha jIva isa bhava-samudrase pAra ho sakatA hai, 364 "jAkai bhAga udai subha hoi, kari darasaNa haraSai meMTa soI / A jAvai sarAvaga ghaNA, kATai karma sabai ApaNAM // rAja vahA~ pUjA karaI, mana vaca tana ati haraSa dharaI / for prati bandai te bArambAra, tAraNa taraNa kahai bhava pAra ||

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vibhAga : do

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jaina bhakti-kAvyakA bhAva-pakSa kucha samaya pahale taka hindIke bar3e-bar3e vidvAn yaha svIkAra karate rahe hai ki hindIme likhI gayI jaina racanAe~ dharma pracArako mAdhyama-bhara hai, unameM vaha bhAvonmeSa nahI hai jisake AdhArapara rasakA udreka hotA hai| yadi 'raso vai saH', 'rasaM labdhvA''nandI bhavati' vAlI bAta rasa hai, aura hRdayase svataH phUTI antaHsalilA hI bhAva-dhArA hai, to jaina kAvyame rasa aura bhAva donoM ho sannihita hai / 'bhaktirasAmRta sindhu'me bhakti rasase sambandhita pAMca bhAva svIkAra kiye gaye hai : zAnta, dAsya, sakhya, vAtsalya aura mAdhurya / unako uttarottara uttama mAnA hai, kintu jainabhaktimeM 'zAnta' hI sarvottama hai| yahAM inhIM bhAvoke AdhArapara jaina-bhaktikA bhAva-pakSa upasthita kiyA gayA hai| bhAvoMkA krama isa prakAra hai : sakhyabhAva, vAtsalyabhAva, premabhAva, vinayabhAva aura zAntabhAva / iname Age-Age vizuddhatA AtI gayI hai| sakhyabhAva bhagavAnko sakhA mAnanA hI sakhyabhAva hai| isameM barAbarIkA darjA pradhAna hotA hai| bhagavAn apane mitroMpara bhagavattvakA AropaNa nahI karate, mitra bhI bhagavAnke aizvarya aura mAhAtmyase AzcaryAnvita na hokara, unakI sukha-suvidhAkA hI adhika dhyAna rakhate hai| uname sevya-sevaka bhAvakI bhAMti saMkoca nahI hotA, apitu ve Apasame spaSTa rUpase khule rahate hai| yadi kabhI mitrako bhagavAnkA kAma anucita aura bhramapUrNa mAlUma hotA hai to vaha usakA nirAkaraNa bhI karatA hai| __ jaina sAdhanAke AdhyAtmikatAvAle pahalU meM sakhA-bhAvakA nirvAha huA hai| karma-malase rahita vizuddha AtmA hI paramAtmA hai / use jaina-zAstroMme 'siddha' saMjJA dI gayI hai| arthAt AtmAme paramAtmA bananeke sabhI aMza maujUda hai| yaha jIva usa AtmAse prema karatA hai aura use cetana nAmase pukAratA hai| usIke sAtha usakA mitra-bhAva hai| jaba bhramavazAt cetana asaMgata pathapara calatA hai, to yaha jIva

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hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi sacce mitrakI bhAMti hI use sAvadhAna karatA hai| yadyapi santa sAhityake 'cetAvaNI ko aMga'me bhI sAvadhAna karanekI hI bAta hai, kintu vahAM jisa manako sAvadhAna kiyA jA rahA hai, usame bhagavAn bananekI sAmarthya nahIM hai, ataH hama use sakhAbhAva nahIM kaha skte| jaina sAhityameM to cetanako hI paramAtmA mAnA hai aura usake sukhake lie use sAvadhAna karanevAlA mitra hI hai, anya nhiiN| pANDe rUpacandane 'gIta paramArthI me likhA hai, "he cetana ! mujhe bhArI Azcarya hai ki jaba amRta-jaise hitakArI vacanoke dvArA sadguru tumheM samajhAtA hai aura tuma bhI jJAnI ho, phira na jAne kyo tuma cetana hote hue bhI cetana tattvakI kahAnI nahIM smjhte|' 'paramArthI dohAzataka' meM to unhone bar3e hI premapUrNa DhaMgase cetanako samajhAyA hai| unhoMne kahA, "aho jagatke rAya ! apane padakA vicAra chor3akara aura zivapurIkI sudha bhulAkara bhava-vanameM kyoM chA rahe ho| tumheM isa saMsArameM bhramaNa karate-karate anAdi kAla bIta cukA hai| vyartha hI duHkha kyoM jhelate ho ? apane gharako kyoM nahIM saMbhAlate / indriya-sukhase lagakara tuma viSayoMmeM behoza ho rahe ho, aura parama atIndriya sukhako nahIM samajhate / kintu viSayoMkA sevana karate hue tumhArI tRSNA upazama nahIM hogI, pratyuta khAre jalake samAna bar3hatI hI jaayegii|" mAyAke phandemeM phaMsa cetanako sAvadhAna karate hue paM0 banArasIdAsane likhA hai, "he cetanajo ! tuma jAgakara arthAt sAvadhAna hokara dekho ki kahAM mAyAke pIche lage ho| mAyA aura tumhArA kyA sambandha ? tuma to na jAne kahA~se Aye ho aura kahA~ cale jAoge, kintu mAyA to jahA~ko tahA~ hI rhegii| mAyA na to tumhArI jAti-pAtikI hai, na vaMzakI hai aura na tumhAre aMzakI isame kucha jhalaka hai| isako dAsI na banAnese yaha tumheM lAtoMse pITatI hai| he cetana, tuma aisI anIti kyo sahana karate ho / tumako isa mAyAkI dAsatA chor3a denI caahie|" "cetana jI tuma jAgi vilokahu, ___lAgi rahe kahAM mAyA ke tAI // Aye kahIM soM kahIM tuma jAhuge, mAyA rahegI jahAM ke tahAI // mAyA tumhArI na jAti na pAMti na, vaMza kI veli na aMza kI jhaaii|| 1. pANDe rUpacanda, gIta prmaarthii| 2. pANDe rUpacanda, paramArthI dohA zataka / 3. banArasIdAse, nATaka samayasAra, sAdhyAsAdhakadAra, paba 7, pR0 128 /

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jaina bhakti kAvyakA bhAva-pakSa dAsI kiye bina lAtani mArata / aisI anIti na kIje gusAMI // " isa sasArame Akara cetana dRDha bandhanome ba~dha gayA hai, kintu usa besudhako isakA hoza hI nahI hai | bhalA aba usako una bandhanose kauna chuDAye / vaha vivekahIna hai, ThIka vaise hI jaise gajarAja snAna karaneke uparAnta bhI apane zarIrapara dhUla DAla letA hai, aura jaise rezamakA kIDA tantuoMko ugalakara svayaM unake bandhaname ba~dha jAtA hai / use samajhAte hue katrine kahA hai, "he cetana ! tuma svayaM samyak jJAna ho, kintu saMsArakI bhrama-vociyome apaneko bhUla gaye ho / aba zubha vyAna dharake aura jJAna- naukApara car3hake ina vIciyose pAra nikala jAo / " 2 369 'cetana' ke prati sakhAbhAvake udgAra abhivyakta karanemeM bhagavatIdAsa 'bhaiyA' apratidvandvI hai| unhone sumatiko rAnI aura cetanako rAjA banAyA hai / sumati apane patiko sarvottama mAnate hue bhI usake patha bhraSTa honepara kabhI praNaya-bharI sIkha aura kabhI mIThI phaTakAra lagAtI hai / premapUrvaka samajhAne athavA mIThI phaTakAra lagAne kA kAma sivA mitrake aura nahIM kara sakatA / patnI bhI jaba aisA karatI hai, to vaha mitra hI hai / sumati cetanako sambodhana karake kahatI haiM, "he zivanAyakajI ! eka bAta kahatI hU~ ki kyA yaha sthAna tumhAre rahane yogya hai, jahA~ tuma bhaTaka rahe ho| yaha tumane kauna so vicakSaNa rIti apanAyI hai ki tuma binA dekhe bhAle hI indriyome aTaka gaye ho / yadi tuma Aja bhI mere guNoMme vizvAsa karo to eka bhalAIkI bAta kahU~ ki tuma apane ghaTake paTa kyo nahI, kholate ? vahA~ tuma svayaM prakAzamAna hokara virAja rahe ho, usa apanI sundara 1. cetana tohi na neka saMbhAra, nakha sikhalo diDhabandhana beDhe kauna kareM nikhAra, cenana0 // 1 // jyoM gajarAja pakhAra Apa tana, Apa hI DArata chAra / 47 Apahi ugali pATako kIrA, tarnAha lapeTata tAra, cetana0 // 3 // banArasIdAsa, banArasIbilAsa, jayapura, 1654, pR0 231 / 2. Aye nikasi nigoda siMdhu teM, phira tiha paMtha Tale / kaise paragaTa hoya Aga jo dabI pahAra tale, cetana0 // 3 // bhUle bhava bhrama vIci 'banArasa' tuma surajJAna bhale / ghara zubha dhyAna jJAna naukA caDhi, baiThe te nikale, cetana0 // 4 // banArasIdAsa, banArasIvilAsa, jayapura, adhyAtmapadapaMkti, padya 11vaoN, pR0 231 |

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hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi rUpa-sudhAkA pAna kyoM nahIM krte|" samajhAnepara bhI cetana samajhatA nhiiN| vaha rAta-dina saMsArake dhandheme behoza rahatA hai| ataH sumati kucha khojakara kahatI hai, "he cetana ! tumhe kucha yaha bhI dhyAna hai ki tuma kauna ho, kahAMse Aye ho, kisane tumhe bahakA rakhA hai aura tuma kisake rasame masta ho rahe ho| tuma una karmoke sAtha ekameka ho rahe ho, jo Aja taka tumhAre hAthame to Aye nahI, ulaTe tumhI unake phandemeM phaMsakara cakkara lagAte phirate ho| tuma to bar3e catura ho, phira tumane yaha kauna-sI caturAI ko, jo tIna lokake nAtha hokara bhI bhikhArIkI taraha phirate ho|" ___ jIvakA sabase baDA svArtha hai apaneko ho zuddha rUpameM pahacAnanA, kintu yaha cetana hokara bhI acetaname phaisakara raha gayA hai / usako samajhAte hue dyAnatarAyakA kathana hai, "he jIva ! tUne yaha mUDhapanA kahA~se pAyA ki sArA saMsAra svArthako cAhatA hai, kintu tujhe vaha acchA hI nahIM lgtaa| patA nahIM ki tuma kyoM azuci, aceta aura duSTa tanameM viramake raha gaye ho| tumane apane parama atIndriya sukhako tyAga kara viSaya rogoMko lipaTA rakhA hai| tumhArA nAma 'cetana' hai, phira tumane jar3a hokara apane nAmako kyoM gaMvA diyA hai ? kyA tIna lokake rAjyako chor3akara bhIkha mAMgate hue tujhe lajjA nahIM AtI ? jaba tujhe isa jhUThe mUDhapanese chuTakArA mila jAyegA, tabhI tU santa kahalA sakatA hai, aura tabhI tU mokSake 1. ika bAta kahU~ zivanAyakajI, tuma lAyaka Thaura, kahA~ aTake / yaha kauna vicakSana rIti gahI, binu dekhahi akSana so bhaTake // ajahUM guNa mAnau tau zIkha kahU~, tuma kholata kyoM na paTai ghaTake / cinmUrati Apu virAjatu hai, tina sUrata dekhe sudhA gaTake / / bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, zata aSTottarI, 10vA~ padya, brahmavilAsa, jaina grantharatnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, san 1926, pR0 10 / 2. kauna tuma kahA~ Aye kaune vorAye tumahiM, kAke rasa rase kachu sudha hU gharatu ho| kauna hai ye karma jinheM ekameka mAni rahe, ajahUM na lAge hAtha bhAMbarI bharatu ho| ve dina citAro jahAM bIte haiM anAdikAla, kaise kaise saMkaTa sahehu visaratu ho| tuma to sayAne pai sayAna yaha kauna kInho, tIna loka nAtha hai ke dIna se phiratu ho / vahI, 30vA~ padya, pR0 14-15 /

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jaina bhakti-kAvyakA bhAva-pakSa ananta sukhake sAtha vilAsa kara paayegaa|" eka sanmitrakI bhA~ti cetanako samajhAte hue bhUgharadAsakA kathana hai, "o ajJAnI! tU pAparUpI dhatUrA na bo| phala cakhaneke samaya tU phUTa-phUTakara royegA aura prANose bhI hAtha dho baitthegaa| kucha thor3e-se viSayoMke kAraNa tU isa durlabha dehako vyartha na jAne de| aimA avasara tujhe phira na milegA, ataH nIdame sotA na raha / aise samayame sayAne loga kalpavRkSako sIcA karate hai, kintu tU viSa bone laga rahA hai, bhalA tere samAna abhAgA kauna hogaa| saMsArame jitane duHkhadAyaka aura rasa-hIna phaTha hai, ve saba tere isa vipabIjakA hI pariNAma hai / tU yaha saba kucha maname jAnakara bhI bhoMdU kyoM ho rahA hai|" vAtsalyabhAva yadyapi bhakti-rasakA sthAyI-bhAva bhagavadviSayaka rati hai, kintu ratike tIna pradhAnarUpa mAne gaye hai-bhagavadviSayaka, vAtsalya aura dAmpatya / iname se antima 1. jIva taiM mUDhamanA kita paayo| saba jaga svAratha ko cAhata hai, svAratha tohi na bhaayo||1|| azuci aceta duSTa tana mAhI, kahA jAna virmaayo| parama atindrI nija sukha hari ke, viSaya roga lapaTAyo // 2 // cetana nAma bhayo jar3a, kAhe apano nAma gmaayo| tona loka ko rAja chor3i kai, bhIkha mAMga na lajAyo // 3 // mUDhapanA mithyA jaba chUTai taba tU saMta kahAyo / dyAnata sukha anaMta ziva vilaso, yoM sadguru batalAyo // 4 // dyAnatapadasaMgraha, jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA, pada 38, pRSTha 16-17 / 2. ajJAnI pApa dhatUrA na boy|| phala cAkhana kI bAra bharai dRga, marahai mUrakha roy| ajJAnI0 // 1 // kiMcita viSayani ke sukha kAraNa durlabha deha na khoya / aisA avasara phira na milegA, isa nIdaDI na soya / ajJAnI0 // 2 // isa viriyAM mai dharma kalpataru, sIMcata sayAne loya / tU viSa bovana lAgata to sama, aura abhAgA koya / ajJAnI0 // 3 // je jaga me dukha dAyaka berasa, isa hI ke phala soyaa| yo mana bhUdhara jAni ke bhAI, phira kyoM bhoMdU hoy| ajJAnI0 // 4 // bhUdharavilAsa, kalakattA, pada 4, pRSTha 3 /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi do bhI bhagavadunmukha honeke kAraNa bhagavadviSayaka hI hai, kintu nirUpaNa bheda aura racanA-vibhAgako dRSTise hI unakA pRthak nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai| bhagavadviSayakame vinaya, vAtsalyame bAla-lIlA aura dAmpatyame madhurabhAvasambandhI racanAe~ A jAtI hai| mAnava jIvanakI do hI pramukha vRttiyA~ hai-vAtsalya aura dAmpatya / iname bhI hindI bhakti-kSetrake kaviyoMne dAmpatyapara jitanA likhA, vAtsalyapara nahIM / ekamAtra sUra ho isa kSetrake jagamamAte ratna hai / yadyapi AcAryone vAtsalyako pRthak rasa nahIM mAnA hai, kintu usame kucha aisI spaSTa cAmatkArika zakti hai, jisase kinhI-kinhIne use pRthak rasake rUpame bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| aura usakA sthAyIbhAva 'sneha' rakhA hai| yadi isa dRSTime dekhA jAye to jaina sAhityame vAtsalya rasake Alambana paMcaparameSThI aura Azraya mA~-bApa tathA bhakta-jana hoNge| Alambanagata ceSTAeM, kArya aura usa avasarapara manAye jAnevAle utsavAdi uddIpana vibhAvake antargata A jAyeMge / sUrake bAda vAtsalyakA sarasa udghATana jaina hindI sAhityame hI huA hai| janmake avasaropara honevAle AkarSaka utsavokI chaTAko to sUra bhI nahIM chU sake hai / jaina sAhityame to Alambanake garbhame Aneke pahale hI kucha aisA vAtAvaraNa banAyA jAtA hai ki vatsake janma leneke pUrva hI 'vAtsalya' panapa uThatA hai / sattarahavI zatAbdIke prasiddha kavi rUpacandane 'paMkakalyANaka' kI racanA kI hai, jisake prArambhame hI garbha aura janmakalyANaka hai| tIrthakarake garbha meM Aneke chaha mAha pUrva hI indrane dhanapatiko bhejA, jisane tIrthakarakI nagarIko maNi-mANikyoMse sajAkara apUrva banA diyaa| usane bar3e-bar3e UMce prAsAdokI racanA kI aura unako kanaka tathA ratnoMse jar3a diyaa| vahAM sthAna-sthAnapara ramya upavana suzobhita hone lage / uname vihAra karanevAle sundara veza-bhUSAko dhAraNa kiye nagaranivAsI manako mohita karate the| janaka-gRhame chaha mAha pUrva hI ratna-dhArA barasane lagI aura rucikavAsinI deviyAM prasanna ho-hokara saba bhAMti jananIkI sevAme juTa gyii| unameM eka 'zrI' nAmakI devI thI, jisane jananIkI usa kuMkha' ko bar3I sAvadhAnIse zuddha kiyA, jisame trilokake nAthako nau mAha rahanA thaa| taduparAnta eka rAtako mAne solaha svapna dekhe aura prAtaHkAla jaba unakA phala apane patise pUchA to unhoMne 'tumhArA putra tribhuvanapati hogA' ghoSita kiyaa| isa bhA~ti dono hI ko Ananda huA aura nau mAha sukhapUrvaka bItane lge| 1. pANDe rUpacanda, paMcamaMgala, garbhakalyANaka ( pUrNa ), bRhajinavANI saMgraha, sitambara 1656, pRSTha. 51-53 /

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jaina bhakti kAvyakA bhAva-pakSa 373 bhUdharadAsane apane 'pArzvapurANa' me bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke paMcakalyANakoMkA kAvyamaya varNana kiyA hai / pANDe rUpacandakI bhA~ti isameM bhI unhI bAtokA ullekha hai, kintu kalpanAgata saundarya adhika hai / indrakI AjJAse dhanapatine mahArAja azvasenake ghara me sAr3he tIna karoDa ratnoMkI varSA kI / AkAzase giratI maNiyoMkI camaka aisI mAlUma hotI thI, jaise svargalokakI lakSmI hI tIrthakarakI mA~kI sevA karane calI AyI ho / dundubhiyose gambhIra dhvani nikala rahI thI, mAno mahAsAgara hI garaja rahA ho / kulAcalavAsinI deviyoke saundaryakA varNana karate hue bhUdharadAsane likhA hai, 'lAvaNya se bharA unakA kAntivAn zarIra aisA mAlUma hotA thA, mAno dAminI hI AkAzase utarI ho / vaise to unhone aMga-aMgame zRMgAra sajAyA thA, kintu unakA svAbhAvika rUpa-saundarya bhI Azcaryame DAlanevAlA thA / unake mAthe para cUr3AmaNi jagamagA rahA thA aura vakSasthalapara kalpa vRkSake sumanokI mAlA suvAsita ho rahI thI / unake nUpurose 'zravana sukhada' jhaMkAra uTha rahI thI / tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke garbhame Ate hI cAro prakArake devatAoke Asana hila uThe / indrane apane avadhijJAna se yaha jAna liyA ki Aja bhagavAn garbhame Aye hai / vaha apane suraparivArasahita vimAnapara car3hakara garbhakalyANotsava manAneke lie cala par3A / saba devatAone mA~-bApakA kaMcana kalazoMse snapana kiyA, aura maMgalagIta gAye / unhone vividha prakArase garbhavAsI bhagavAnkI pUjA bhI kI / sabake cale jAnepara rucikavAsinI deviyAM raha gayI, jo bhinna-bhinna prakArase mA~kI sevA karatI thii| koI snAna karAtI thI, koI zRMgAra sajAtI thI, koI susvAdu bhojana khilAtI thI aura koI tAmbUla detI thI thI, koI zayyA bichAtI thI aura koI caraNa dAbatI thii| ghara suvAsita karatI thI, koI A~ganame buhArI detI thI aura koI kalpavRkSa ke phalaphUlokI bheTa car3hAtI thI / jagarAmane eka 'laghumaMgala' kI racanA kI thI / usame kevala teraha padya hai / usakI hastalikhita prati bar3autake di0 jaina mandirake guTakA na0 54 patra 99- 102 para likhI huI hai / usameM bhI rucikravAsinI deviyo ke dvArA tIrthakara kI mA~kI sevAkA varNana hai / eka rAnIke sammukha darpaNa liye khar3I hai, eka unapara caMvara DulA rahI hai, eka vastrAbhUSaNa pahanA rahI haiM, to dUsarI / koI sundara gAnA gAtI koI candanase socakara 1. bhUdharadAsa, pArzvapurANa, jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, hIrAbAga, giragaoNva, bambaI, ASAr3ha 1675 vi0, dvitIyAvRtti, 580-88, pR0 83-84 / 2. vahI, 5128-133, pR0 86 3. vahI, 513-144, pR0 60 // 4. vahI, 5 / 147-150, pR0 10-11 /

Page #402
374 hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi vINAse madhura dhvani nikAla rahI hai| eka pahelo pUchatI hai, to dUsarI prasanna hokara uttara detI hai / isa bhA~ti dina aura rAta AnandapUrvaka bItane lge| tribhuvananAthakI mahimAkA varNana kahA~taka kiyA jaaye| ve kevala bhaktapara rIjhate hai / jagarAmane unakA yaza gAyA hai, "kari uchAha lija pUra gayo, mAtA puNya prabhAvai jI / chapana kumArI Tahala maiM, nAnA rIti rijhAvai jI // ika sanamuSa darapana lIyA, ika ThADI ca~vara durAvai jii| vasana AbhUSana Ika sai, ika madhurI baini bajAvai jii|| puchata eka pahelikA, ika uttara suni haraSAvai jI / nisi dina ati Ananda syo, ima navamAsa binA jI // mahimA tribhuvananAtha kI, kavi kahA~ lauM baraNAvai jii| makti parenA basi bhayo, jagatarAma jasa gAvai jI // " nau mAhake uparAnta bhagavAnkA janma huaa| tInoM lokome svAbhAvika Ananda phaila gyaa| kahIpara A~dhI, meha aura dhUlakA prakopa dikhAI nahI par3A, apitu zItala, manda, sugandha pavana bahane lgaa| kalpavAsiyoke gharomai ghaNTe svataH baja uThe, jyotiSiyoMke yahA~ kehariyoMkA nAda hone lagA, bhavanAlayoMme zaMkha baja uThe aura vyantaravAsiyoMke yahA~ asaMkhya bheriyA~ dhvanita ho utthii| kalpavRkSa svayaM hI puSpoMkI vRSTi karane lge| indrAsana bhI kampAyamAna ho utthe| isa bhAMti Anandamagna prakRtine yaha ghoSita kara diyA ki bhagavAn jinendrakA janma huA hai| sabhI indra apane-apane siMhAsanase uThakara khar3e ho gaye aura vahA~se hI bhagavAnko praNipAta kiyaa|' indra-dampatike car3haneke lie kuberane eka mAyAmayI airAvatakI racanA kI, jisake kAlpanika saundaryame kAvyatvakA pUrNa nirvAha huA hai| "usa hAthIke sau mukha the aura pratyeka mukhame ATha-ATha dAMta the| pratyeka dAMtapara eka-eka sarovara thA, aura hareka sarovarame eka sau pacIsa kamalinI khilI thii| pratyeka kamalinIpara pacIsa manohara kamala bane hue the aura hareka kamalameM eka-sau ATha patte the| una pattopara devAMganAeM nRtya kara rahI thI, jinakI chaviko dekhakara samAra mohita ho jAtA thaa| unake gItome navoM rasa panapa rahe the| 1. vahI, 6 / 1-21. pR0 64-65 / 2. pANDe rUpacanda, paMcamaMgala, janmakalyANaka, padya 6, jJAnapITha pUjAMjali, bhAratIya zAnapITha, kAzI, 1957 I0, pRSTha 66 /

Page #403
jaina bhakti-kAvyakA bhAva-pakSa jojana lAkha gayaMda, vadana so nirmye| ___ vadana vadana vasudaMta-daMta sara saMThaye / / sara sara sau panavIsa kamalinI chaajhiiN| ___kamalini kamalini kamala pacIsa virAjahI // rAjahIM kamalinI kamala aThotara sau manohara dala bane / dala-dalahiM apachara naTahiM navarasa hAva bhAva suhAvane // maNi kanaka kiMkaNi vara vicitra su amaramaMDapa sohye| ghana ghaMTa caivara dhunA patAkA dekhi tribhuvana mohaye / / aise hAthIpara indra calA aura zacI bhii| sAthame devagaNa bhI vividha utsavoMko karate hue cle| ___ indra-vadhU prasUtigRhame gayI, jahA~ mAtA putrasahita leTI thii| usane pradakSiNA dekara praNAma kiyaa| suta-rAgase raMgI mAM aisI pratIta hotI thI, jaise mAno bAlaka bhAnusahita sandhyA ho ho / zacIne mAyAmayo bAlakako mAMke pAsa rakhakara bhagavAnko apane hAthome uThA liyaa| bAlakakI dehase aisI jyoti phUTa rahI thI ki usake samakSa karoDoM sUryokI chavi bhI malina hI pratibhAsita hotI thii| bhagavAnkI dehakA sparza karake indrANIko itanA sukha milA ki usakA varNana kavi-vANIse pare hai / prabhuke mukha-vArijako sura-rAnI bAra-bAra dekhatI thI, kintu adhAtI nahI thii| indrane to do netroMko aparyApta samajhakara sahasra netroMkI racanA kara lii| saudharmendrane bhagavAnko godameM le liyA, IzAnake surezane unake sirapara chatra lagA diyA aura sAnatkumAra tathA ma.hendra camara DhulAne lge| brahmAdi svargoke indra jayajayakAra bola utthe| rUpakI khAna suraramaNiyAM nRtya karane lagI aura gandharva kanyakAoMkI vINAeM suyaza-gItoMse ninAdita ho utthiiN| vividha prakArake bAje baja utthe| koI-koI to nRtya-gAyana bhUlakara bAlakako ninimeSa dekhatA hI raha gyaa| ___ saba deva milakara bAlaka bhagavAnko pANDuka vanameM le gaye aura vahAM pANDuka zilApara virAjamAna kiyaa| phira kSIrasAgarake eka sahasra aura nATha kalazoMse unakA snapana huaa| usakA prArambha saudharma svargake indrone kiyA, phira saba indroM aura devoMne aneka bhare hue kalaze usa sadya.prasUta bAlakake sirapara ddhaale| vahA~ eka nabhagaMgA-sI pravAhita hone lgii| atula bala aura vIryake kAraNa hI 1. bhUdharadAsa, pArzvapurANa, bambaI, 6 / 32-35, pRSTha 67 / 2. vahI, 638-41, pRSTha 17 / 3. vahI, 663-64, pRSTha 100 /

Page #404
hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi bhagavAn usa prabala jala-dhArAko sahana kara sake, anyathA usame itano zakti thI ki bar3e-bar3e giri-zikhara bhI khaNDa-khaNDa ho jaate| bhagavAnke zyAmavarNa zarIrapara kalaza-nIrakI aisI chaTA tho, jaise mAno nIlAcalake sirapara pAleke bAdala barasa rahe hoN| unake snapanake jalakI chaTA uchalakara AkAzako ora cala uThI so mAno vaha bhI svAmIke sAtha pAparahita ho gayI hai, ataH usakI bhI Urdhvagati kyo na ho| unake snapanake jalakI tirachI chaTA aimI vidita hotI thI, jaise kisI digvanitAkA karNaphUla hI ho| 'janma nhIna' ko vidhi pUrNa honepara, zacIne pavitra vastrase unake zarIrako nirjala kiyaa| usapara kuMkumAdi bahuta prakArake lepana kiye| aba bhagavAnke zarIrakI zobhA aisI mAlUma hone lagI jaise nIlagiripara sAMjha phUlI ho| zacIne bhagavAnkA saba zRMgAra kiyaa| unake bhAlapara tilaka lagAyA, sirapara maNimaya mukuTa rakhA aura mAthepara cUDAmaNi lgaayaa| svAbhAvika rUpase aMjita netroMmeM bhI aMjana lgaayaa| donoM kAnoMme maNijaTita kuNDala pahanAye, jo candra aura sUrajakI bhAMti hI prakAzita ho rahe the| kaNThame motiyoko mAlA, bhujAoMme bhujabandha aura u~galiyoMme mudrikAeM phnaayiiN| kamarame maNimaya kSudraghaNTikAoMme yukta tagaDI pahanAyo, jisameM ratnokI jhAlara laTaka rahI thii| vibhinna AbhUSaNoMse yukta bhagavAn isa bhaoNti virAja rahe the, jaise vividha phaloMse yukta surataru hI suzobhita ho rahA ho|" samrAT azvasenane bhI janmotsava mnaayaa| vArANasIke ghara-gharame maMgalAcAra hone lge| kAminiyAM gIta gA uThoM aura sthAna-sthAnapara nRtya tathA saMgIta hone lgaa| samUce nagarame candana chir3akavA diyA gayA aura ghara-gharame ratnoke sAthiyA rakhe gye| yAcakoMko dAna diyA gyaa| aura sujanoMkA sammAna huaa| sabakI AzAeM pUrI kara dI gyiiN| aba koI bhI dIna-duHkhI dikhAI nahI detA thaa| aise avasarapara indrane bhI devatAoke sAtha Ananda nAmake nATakakI racanA kI, jisame usake tANDava-nRtyakA dRzya anupama thaa| prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadevake janmotsavakI bAta kahate hue dyAnatarAyane likhA hai, "he bhAI ! Aja isa nagarIme Ananda manAyA jA rahA hai / jitanI bhI 1. vahI, 6 / 66-67, pR0 100 / 2. vahI, 668-70, pR0 100 / 3. vahI, 6675-81, pR0101| 4. vahI, 6106-106, pR0 104 / 5. vahI, 63111, 113, pR0 105

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jaina bhakti-kAvyakA bhAva-pakSa 377 gajagAminI aura zazivadanI taruNiyA~ hai. ve saba maMgala-gIta gA rahI haiN| rAjA nAbhirAyake ghara putra-janma huA hai, aura isa avasarapara unake yahA~ jo koI jo kucha mAMgane AyA, usase kahIM adhika diyA gayA, jisase use phira mAMganekI AvazyakatA hI nahIM raha gayI / maru devIkI kuMkha dhanya hai, jisase aisA pratApazAlI putra huA ki devatA bhI mauke caraNoMkI vandanA karanemeM apanA ahobhAgya mAnane hai|" kavi banArasIdAsane dUsare tIrthakara ajitanAthake janmotsavakA varNana kyiA hai| usa avasarapara bhI devAMganAoMne madhura dhvanime maMgalAcArake gIta gAye the| ajitanAtha nirmala candra kI bhAMti sundara the| unake janmase pRthvI zobhA-sampanna ho gayI aura tIno lokoMme Ananda chA gyaa| ikSvAku vaMgame unake utpanna honese kumatirUpI andhakAra to jar3amUlase vinaSTa ho gayA thaa| kavi banArasIdAsane eka AdhyAtmika beTeke janmako dikhAnekA prayAsa kiyA hai| vaha AdhyAtmika beTA 'zuddhopayoga' hai| donoMmeM bar3I kuzalatAse 'sAMgarUpaka' racA gayA hai| jisa prakAra mUla nakSatrameM utpanna honevAlA putra samUce kuTumbako khA jAtA hai, ThIka vaise hI zuddhopayogake utpanna hote hI parivArasambandhI mAyA-mamatA bilakUla samApta ho gyii| usane janma lete hI mamatArUpI mAtA, moha-lobharUpI donoM bhAI, kAma-krodharUpI do kAkA aura tRSNA rUpI dhAyako khA liyaa| pAparUpI par3osI, azubha karmarUpI mAmA aura ghamaNDa nagarake rAjAko samApta hI kara diyA, tathA svayaM samUce gAMvame phaila gyaa| usane durmatirUpI dAdIko khA liyA aura dAdA to usakA mukha dekhate hI mara gayA thaa| isa bAlakake utpanna honepara bhI maMgalAcArake badhAye gAye gaye the| isa bAlakakA nAma bhoMdU rakhA gayA, kyoMki usake kucha bhI rUpa aura varNa nahI hai| yaha to aisA bAlaka hai, jisane nAma rakhanevAle pANDeko bhI khA liyA hai| 1. gajagamanI zazi badanI tarunI, maMgala gAvata haiM sigarI / bhAI Ana Ananda hai yA nagarI // nAbhirAya ghara putra bhayo hai, kiye haiM ajAcaka jAcakarI / bhAI Aja Ananda hai yA nagarI / / dyAnata dhanya kUkha marudevI, sura sevata jAke pada rii| bhAI Aja Ananda hai yA nagarI // dyAnatapadasaMgraha, kalakattA, pada 20, pR03|| 2. banArasIdAsa, banArasI vilAsa, jayapura 1954, ajitanAthajIke chanda, pRSTha 188 / 3. banArasIdAsa, banAsI vilAsa, jayapura, 1954, paramArtha hiMDolanA, pRSTha 231 / 48

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hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi "malana beTA jAyo re sAdho, mUlana beTA jAyo re / jAnai khoja kuTuMba saba khAyo re, sAdho mUlana beTA jAyo re // janmata mAtA mamatA khAI, moha loma doi maaii| kAma krodha doi kAkA khAye, khAI tRSanA dAI / / pApI pApa parosI khAyo, azubha karama doi mAmA / mAna nagara ko rAjA khAyo, phaila paro saba gAmA / duramati dAdI khAI dAdo mukha dekhata hI muuo| maMgalAcAra badhAye bAje, jaba yo bAlaka hUo / / nAma dharyo bAlaka ko bhoMdU, rUpa varana kachu naahiiN| nAma dharate pAMDe khAye kahata banArasi bhAI // " jaina sAhityameM aneka sthAnoMpara bAlakoMke tejasvI rUpakA varNana hai| bAlavarNanoMmeM unakI tejasvitAkA bhI nirUpaNa hotA rahA hai| mahAkavi kAlidAsane apane 'zAkuntalam' meM duSyantake putra bharatakA aisA hI eka tejasvI citra khIMcA hai| yadyapi Age calakara 'zrImadbhAgavata' kI mukhyatAne bAlakake madhuratAparaka rUpako hI pradhAnatA dI, kintu vaha paramparA bhI rukI nhiiN| sattarahavIM zatAbdIke prasiddha kavi brahmarAyamallane 'hanuvantacaritta' kA nirmANa kiyA thA, usame bAlaka hanumAnkA ojasvI varNana hai| unhoMne likhA hai, "jaba sUryakI bhAMti dedIpyamAna bAlaka hanumAnakA janma huA, to andhakArarUpI zatrumaNDala svataH hI phaTa gyaa| siMha cAhe choTA hI ho, atyadhika sUra hotA hai, vaha bar3e-bar3e hAthiyoko cakanAcUra kara DAlatA hai| vRkSoMse saghana huA vana kitanA hI vistRta kyoM na ho, rattI-bhara agni hI use jalAkara chAra kara DAlaneme pUrNa samartha hai| kSatriyakA bAlaka bhI aisA hI agnike sphuliMgakI bhA~ti hotA hai| usake svabhAvame zaurya hotA hai, use vaha kabhI chor3a nahIM sktaa|"' aise anya varNana bhI hindIke jaina carita granthome aMkita hai| uname kAvyasauSThava hai aura srstaa| bAlakrIr3AoMke bhI vividha varNana jaina purANoMmeM vyApta hai, kintu uname sUra-jaise manodarzanakI kSamatA nahIM hai / bAlakoMkI antaHprakRtikI jaisI sundara aura svAbhAvika vyaMjanA sUra kara sake jaina-hindIkA koI kavi nhii| sUradAsakA jitanA dhyAna bAlaka kRSNapara jamA, bAlikA rAdhApara nhii| bAlikAoMkA manovaijJAnika varNana, sItA aura aMjanAke rUpameM, jaina bhakti-kAvyoMmeM upalabdha hotA hai| rAmacandake 'sItA caritta' meM bAlikA sItAkI vividha 1.brahmarAyamalla, hnuvntkthaa|

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jaina bhakti-kAvyakA bhAva-pakSa ceSTAoMkA sarasa citra khIMcA gayA hai| 'aMjanA sundarI rAsa' me aMjanAkA bAlavarNana bhI hRdayanAhI hai| bAlikA sItA, maNimaya A~ganameM baiThI apane suAyata netrose cAroM ora dekha rahI hai, kintu jaba pitA janakapara najara par3atI hai, to usake hoMThopara mIThI musakarAhaTa isa bhAMti chiTaka jAtI hai, jaise kisI bhaktake hRdayako divya jyoti hI ho| khambhome par3ate usake mukha-kamalake pratibimbane kamalokI mAlA hI raca dI hai| aMjanAko to usake mAM-bApa uMgalI pakar3akara calanA sikhAte hai, kintu vaha bAra-bAra gira jAtI hai| vaha bholI A~khose pitAkI ora dekhatI hai aura ve usako cUmakara godame uThA lete hai / yaha svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki jaina hindI kaviyoMke bAla-rasasambandhI citroMpara sUradAsakA prabhAva hai| isake do kAraNa hai-pahalA to yaha hai ki sUrasAgarame garbha aura janmotsavokI usa zailIkA yatkicit bhI darzana nahIM hotA, jo jaina kAvyome pramukha rUpase apanAyI gayI hai| sUrane kRSNake janmako Ananda badhAIke uparAnta hI 'yazodA hari pAlane jhulAvai' prArambha kara diyA hai / yaha janmotsava lokake bIca vaise Anandako sRSTi na kara sakA, jaisA ki jaina kAvyoMmeM huA hai| yadyapi jaina kaviyoke ina utsava-citrome paramparAnugatatA adhika hai, maulikatA kama, phira bhI eka aisA AkarSaNa hai, jo sadaiva cira-navIna banA rhegaa| dUsarA kAraNa hai, hindIke jaina bhakti-sAhityapara jaina-saMskRta aura apabhraMza kAvyoMkA prabhAva / hindoke adhikAMza caritra-grantha aise hai, jo saMskRtake anuvAda-mAtra hai| bhUdharadAsakA 'pArzva-purANa' eka maulika kAvya hai, kintu usake varNana bhI saMrakRtasAhityase anuprANita hai| ataH jaina hindoke bAla-rasake pIche usakI apanI paramparA hai / sambhava hai usakA sUradAsapara bhI prabhAva par3A ho| svayambhUke 'pauma cariu' aura puSpadantake 'mahApurANa' me varNita bAla-varNanake katipaya padya sUrake bAla-varNanase milate hai / mahAkavi puSpadanta ( I0 saM0 959 ) ke 'mahApurANa' me bAlaka RSabhadevakA bAla-saundarya, sUradAsa (vi0 saM0 1540) ke sUrasAgarame varNita bAlaka kRSNase bilakula milatA huA hai| sesavalIliyA kolamasIliyA / pahuNA dAviyA keNa Na mAviyA // dhUlI dhUsaru vavagaya kaDillu / saha jAyaka vilakoMtalu jaDillu // ho hallaru jo jo suhaM suahiM / paI paNavaMtau bhUyagaNuM // NaMdai rijjhai dukkiya maleNa / kA suvi maliguNa Na hoi maNu // 1. rAyacanda, sItAcaritra, jainasiddhAntabhavana ArAkI hastalikhita prati, 12126, pRSTha 11 / 2. aMjanAsundarIrAsa, jainasiddhAntabhavana ArAkI hastalikhita prati, 2 / 35, pRSTha 43 /

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380 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi dhUlo dhUsaro kaDi kiMkiNI sro| Niruba malolau kIlai bAlau // -mahApurANa kahA~ lauM baraNauM sundaratAi, khelata ku~ara kanaka AMgana meM, naina nirakhi chabi chAi / kulahi lasati sira syAma subhaga bhati, bahuvidhi suraMga banAi / mAno navadhana Upara rAjata, maghavA dhanuSa cddh'aai| ati sudeza mRdu harata cikura mana, mohana mukha bagarAi / khaMDita vacana deta pUrana sukha, alpa alpa jalapAi / ghuTurana calata renu tana maMDita, sUradAsa bali jAi // - sUrasAgara isIko lekara DaoN0 rAmasiMha tomarane likhA hai, "ata: hama saMkSapame kaha sakate hai ki hindIko sabhI kAvya-paddhatiyoMkA spaSTa svarUpa hame jaina kaviyoM-dvArA prApta huA hai|" 'AbhraMza-darpaNa' meM to yahAM taka likhA hai ki-hindIkA kauna kavi hai jo pratyakSa yA apratyakSa rUpame apabhraMzake jaina prabandha kAvyose prabhAvita na huA ho / yahA~ itanI bar3I bAta nahIM kahI jA sktii| kintu mahApurANa aura sUrasAgarake bAla-varNanoMkA sAmya vicAraNIya avazya hai| donoke hRdayame eka-se bhAva A sakate hai, phira bhI aisA 'hU-bahU' nahI ho sakatA / yaha jaba hotA hai to 'prathama' kA 'dvitIya' para prabhAva siddha ho hI jAtA hai| prabhAvita hote hue bhI sUradAsa puSpadantake anuvAdaka nahIM the / kRSNake kevala 'bAla' aura 'kaizora' rUpako apanAne ke kAraNa, bAlakakI vividha manodazAoke nirUpaNakA jitanA avasara sUradAsako milA, puSpadantako nahIM / mahAkAvyakA nirmAtA 'bAlavarNana' me adhika nahIM khapa sakatA / use kathAnakake sAtha Age bar3ha jAnA hotA hai| ___paM0 rAmacandra zuklane likhA hai, "vAtsalyarasake bhItarakI jitanI mAnasika vRttiyoM aura dazAoMkA anubhava aura pratyakSIkaraNa sUra kara sake, utanIkA aura koI nhii| zAyada paM0 zuklako 'jaina hindI kAvya' dekhanekA samaya nahIM milA / bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNane apane 'AdozvaraphAgu AmerazAstrabhaNDArako hastalikhita 1. DaoN0 rAmasiMha tomara, jaina sAhityakI hindI sAhityako dena, premI abhinandana grantha, pRSTha 468 / 2. pro0 zrI jagannAtha rAya zarmA apabhraMzadarpaNa, pRSTha 25 / 3 bhramaragItasAra, dvitIya saMskaraNa, kAzI, bhUmikA, pRSTha 2 /

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jaina bhakti-kAvyakA bhAva-pakSa prati' me AdinAthakI bAladazAoMko citravat upasthita kiyA hai| bAlaka AdIzvara pAlaneme par3A huA so rahA hai, kintu bIca-bIcameM kabhI AMkha kholakara dekhatA hai, kabhI ro uThatA hai aura kabhI apane caMcala hAthose hAra mor3a athavA tor3a detA hai| "Ahe kSiNi jovai kSiNi sovaha rovaha lahI lagAra / prAli karai kara moDai broDai naksara hAra // 103 // " bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa eka sAmarthyavAn kavi the / bAla-bhagavAnake pairoMme svarNake dhuMgharU par3e hai / jaba vaha lar3akhar3Ate DagoMse calate hai, to uname-se 'ghraNa-ghraNa' kI madhura dhvani phUTatI hai, jise sunakara nRpati aura mA~ marudevI dono hI ko apAra prasannatA hotI hai| "Ahe ghaNa ghaNa dhuMdharI bAjai hema taNI vihu paai| tima tima narapati harakhai marudevI mAi // 10 // " ___ yahA~ 'ghUgharI' aura 'ghraNa-ghraNa' ne samUce dRzyako hI upasthita kara diyA hai / 'cUMgharU' kA laghurUpa 'ghUgharI' laghu bAlakake upayukta hI hai / usame-se nikalanevAlI dhvanike lie 'ghraNa-ghraNa ke prayogase citra jIvanta ho uThA hai| kavine bAlakake zarIrako zobhAkA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki usake aMgapratyaMga anupama hai / bAlakake mastakapara TopI virAjamAna hai, kAnome kuNDala jhalaka rahe hai / dekhanevAlA jyoM-jyoM dekhatA hai, usakA hRdaya adhikAdhika AhlAdita hotA jAtA hai / arthAt darzaka tRptikA anubhava nahIM krtaa| "Ahe aMgoya aMgi anopama upama rahita zarIra / TopIya upIya mastaki bAlaka chai paNa vIra // 95 // Ahe kaniya kuMDala jhalakaha khalakA neura pAu / jima jima nirakhaDa hiyaDai tima tima bhAi // 9 // " premabhAva bhakti-rasakA sthAyI bhAva bhagavadviSayaka anurAga hai| isIko zANDilyane 'parAnuraktiH' kahA hai| parAnurakti gambhIra anurAgako kahate hai / gambhIra anu1. Amera zAstrabhaNDArakI hastalikhita pratipara, racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1551 diyA hai| 2 zANDilya bhaktisUtra, gItApresa gorakhapura, 22, pRSTha 1 /

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382 hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi rAga hI 'prema' kahalAtA hai| caitanya mahAprabhune rati athavA anurAgake gAr3he ho jAne ko hI 'prema' kahA hai / 'bhaktirasAmRta sindhu' me bhI likhA hai, "samyaGmasRNitasvAnto mamatvAtizayAGkitaH / bhAva: sa eva sAndrAtmA budhai. prema nigadyate // " * 'prema' do prakArakA hotA hai-- laukika aura alaukika / bhagavadviSayaka anurAga alaukika prema antargata AtA hai / yadyapi bhagavAnkA avatAra mAnakara usake prati laukika premakA bhI AropaNa kiyA jAtA hai, kintu usake pIche alaukikattra sadaiva chipA rahatA hai / isa premame samUcA Atma samarpaNa hotA hai aura premake pratyAgamanakI bhAvanA nahI rahatI / alaukika premajanya tallInatA aisI vilakSaNa hotI hai ki dvaitabhAva hI mRta ho jAtA hai, phira 'prema' ke pratIkArakA bhAva kahA~ raha sakatA hai| nAriyA~ premakI pratIka hotI hai / unakA hRdaya eka aisA komala aura sarasa zAlA hai, jisameM prema-bhAvako lahalahAneme dera nahIM lagatI / isI kAraNa bhakta bho kAntAbhAvase bhagavAnkI ArAdhanA karaneme apanA ahobhAgya samajhatA hai / bhakta 'tiya' banatA hai aura bhagavAn 'piya' / yaha dAmpatyabhAvakA prema, jaina kaviokI racanAome bhI upalabdha hotA hai / jaina sAhityake khyAtilabdha kavi banArasIdAsane apane 'adhyAtma gIta' me AtmAko nAyaka aura sumati ko usakI patnI banAyA hai / patnI patike viyoga me isa bhAMti tar3apa rahI hai jaise jalake binA machalI / usake hRdayame pati se milanekA cAva nirantara bar3ha rahA hai| vaha apanI samatA nAmako sakhIse kahatI hai ki pati darzana pAkara maiM usame isa taraha magna ho jAU~gI, jaise bUMda dariyA meM samA jAtI hai / maiM apanapA khokara piya sUM milUMgI, jaise olA galakara pAnI ho jAtA hai / antame pati to use apane ghaTame hI mila gayA, aura vaha 1. sAdhana-bhakti haite haya ratira udaya / bhakti gAr3ha haile tAra prema nAma kaya // bhakti ghana kRSNe prema upajaya caitanya caritAmRta, kalyANa, bhakti aMka, varSa 32, aMka 1, pRSTha 333 | 2. zrI rUpa gosvAmI, bhaktirasAmRtasindhu, gosvAmI dAmodara zAstrI sampAdita, acyutagranthamAlA kAryAlaya, kAzI, vi0 saM0 1985, prathama saMskaraNa, 1|4|1 | 3. maiM virahina piya ke AdhIna / tyoM talaphoM jyoM jala bina mIna // 3 // ho magana maiM darazana pAya / jyoM dariyA me bUMda samAya ||9|| piyako milo apanapo khoya / olA gala pANI jyoM hoya // 10 // banArasIvilAsa jayapura, 1654 I0 adhyAtmagIta, pRSTha 156 - 160 /

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jaina bhakti-kAvyakA bhAva-pakSa 383 usase milakara isa prakAra ekameka ho gayI ki dvividhA to rahI hI nhiiN| usake ekatvako kavine aneka sundara dRSTAntose puSTa kiyA hai| vaha karatUti hai aura piya kartA, vaha sukha-sIva hai aura piya sukha sAgara, vaha ziva-nIva hai aura piya ziva-mandira, vaha sarasvatI hai aura piya brahmA, vaha kamalA hai aura piya mAdhava, vaha bhavAnI hai aura pati zaMkara, vaha jinavANI hai aura pati jinendra / "piya more ghaTa maiM piya mAhiM / jala taraMga jyoM duvidhA nAhiM // piya mo karatA maiM karatUti / piya jJAnI maiM jJAna vibhUti / piya sukha sAgara maiM sukha sIva / piya ziva maMdira maiM zivanIya // piya brahmA maiM sarasvati nAma / piya mAdhava mo kamalA nAma / piya zaMkara maiM devi bhavAni / piya jinavara maiM kevala bAni // "" kavine sumati rAnIko 'rAdhikA' mAnA hai| usakA saundarya aura cAturya saba kucha rAdhAke hI samAna hai| vaha rUpasI rasIlI hai aura bhramarUpI tAleko kholaneke lie kolIke samAna hai| jJAna-bhAnuko janma deneke lie prAcI hai aura Atma-sthalame ramanevAlI saccI vibhUti hai| apane dhAmakI khabaradAra aura rAmakI ramanahAra hai / aisI santoMkI mAnya, rasake pantha aura granthomai pratiSThita aura zobhAko pratIka rAdhikA sumati rAnI hai| ___ sumati apane pati 'cetana' se prema karatI hai| use apane patike ananta jJAna, bala aura vIryavAle pahala para ekaniSThA hai| kintu vaha karmoM kI kusaMgatime par3akara bhaTaka gayA hai / ataH bar3e hI miThAsa-bhare premase dularAte hue sumati kahatI hai, "he lAla ! tuma kisake sAtha kahAM lage phirate ho, Aja tuma jJAnake mahalame kyoM nahI Ate / tuma apane hRdaya-talame jJAnadRSTi kholakara dekho, dayA, kSamA, 1. banArasIvilAsa, jayapura, adhyAtmagIta, pRSTha 161 // 2. rUpa kI rasIlI bhrama kulapa kI kIlI, zIla sudhA ke samudra jhIli sIli sukhadAI hai| prAcI jJAna bhAna kI ajAcI hai nidAna kI, surAcI niravAcI Thaura sAMcI ThakurAI hai| dhAma kI khabaradAra rAma kI ramanahAra, rAdhA rasa paMthani meM granthani me gAI hai| santana kI mAnI niravAnI rUpa kI nisAnI, yAteM subuddhi rAnI rAdhikA kahAI hai| banArasIdAsa, nATakasamayasAra, sarvavizuddhidvAra padya 74 /

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384 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi samatA aura zAnti-jaimI sundara ramaNiyAM tumhArI sevAme khar3I huI haiM / ekase eka anupama rUpavAlI hai / aise manorama vAtAvaraNako bhUlakara aura kahIM na jaaie| yaha merI sahaja prArthanA hai|' "kahA~ kahA~ kauna saMga lAge hI phirata lAla Avo kyoM na Aja tuma jJAna ke mahala meM / naikahU viloki dekho antara sudRSTi setI, kaisI kaisI nIkI nAri ThAr3I haiM Tahala meM // ekanateM eka banI sundara surUpa dhanI, upamA na jAya ganI vAma kI cahala meN| aisI bidhi pAyaM kahU~ bhUli aura kAja kIje, eto kahyo mAna lIje vInatI sahala meM // " bahuta dina bAhara bhaTakaneke bAda cetana rAjA Aja ghara A rahA hai / sumatike AnandakA koI ThikAnA nahIM hai| varSoMko pratIkSAke bAda piyake Agamanako sunakara bhalA kauna prasanna na hotI hogii| sumati AhlAdita hokara apanI sakhIse kahatI hai / "he sakho ! dekho Aja cetana ghara A rahA hai| vaha anAdi kAla taka dUsaroke vaMzame hokara ghUmatA phirA, aba usane hamArI sudha lI hai| aba to vaha bhagavAn jinakI AjJAko mAnakara paramAnandake guNoMko gAtA hai| usake janma-janmake pApa bhI palAyana kara gaye hai / aba to usane aisI yukti raca lI hai, jisase use saMsArameM phira nahI AnA pdd'egaa| aba vaha apane manabhAye parama akhaNDita sukhakA vilAsa kregaa| patiko dekhate hI patnIke andarase parAyepanakA bhAva dUra ho jAtA hai / dvaidha haTa jAtA hai aura advaita utpanna ho jAtA hai| aisA hI eka bhAva banArasIdAsane 1. bhaiyA bhagabatIdAsa, brahmavilAsa, jainagrantharatnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, dvitIyAvRtti, san 1926 I0, zata aSTottarI, 72vA~ padya, pRSTha0 14 / 2. dekho merI sakhIye Aja cetana ghara aave| kAla anAdi phiratho paravaza ho, aba nija sughahiM citAvai / / janama janama ke pApa kiye je, te china mAhiM bahAvai / zrI jina AjJA zira para dharato, paramAnanda guNa gAve / / deta jalAMjuli jagata phirana ko aisI jugati banAvai / vilasai sukha nija parama akhaNDita, bhaiyA saba mana bhAve // vaho, paramArtha padapaMkti, 14 vA~ pada, pRSTha 114 /

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jaina bhakti-kAvyakA bhAva-pakSa 385 upasthita kiyA hai / sumati cetanase kahatI hai "he pyAre cetana ! terI ora dekhate hI parAyepanako gagarI phUTa gayI, duvidhAkA aMcala haTa gayA aura samUcI lajjA palAyana kara gyii| kucha samaya pUrva tumhArI yAda Ate hI mai tumhe khojaneke lie akelI hI rAjapathako chor3akara bhayAvaha kAntArameM ghusa paDI thii| vahAM kAyAnagarIke bhItara tuma ananta bala aura jyotibAle hote hue bhI koka AvaraName lipaTe par3e the| aba to tumhe mohakI nIMda chor3akara sAvadhAna ho jAnA caahie|" "bAlabha tuhu tana citavana gAgari phUTi aMcarA gau phaharAya sarama gai chuTi, bAlama0 // 1 // piMu sudhi pAvata vana meM paisiu peli chAData rAja DagariyA bhayau akeli, bAlama0 // 3 // kAya nagariyA bhItara cetana bhUpa karama lepa lipaTA bala jyoti svarUpa, bAlama0 // 5 // cetana bUjhi vicAra dharahu santoSa rAma doSa dui baMdhana chUTata moSa, bAlama0 // 13 // '' eka sakhI sumatiko lekara nAyaka cetanake pAsa milAne ke lie gyii| pahale dUtiyAM aisA kiyA karatI thii| vahAM vaha sakho apanI bAlA sumatiko prazaMsA karate hue cetanase kahatI hai, "he lAlana ! maiM amolaka bAlA lAyI huuN| tuma dekho to vaha kaisI anupama sundarI hai / aisI nArI tInoM saMsArameM dUsarI nahI hai / aura he cetana ! isakI prIti bhI tujhase hI sanI huI hai| tumhArI aura isa rAdhekI eka-dUsarepara ananta rIjhi hai / usakA varNana karane meM maiM pUrNarItyA asamartha huuN|"2 AdhyAtmika vivAha isI premake prasaMgameM AdhyAtmika vivAhoMko liyA jA sakatA hai| ye 'vivAhalA' 'vivAha', 'vivAhala', aura 'vivAhalau' Adi nAmoMse abhihita hue hai / inako do bhAgoMmeM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai-eka to vaha jaba dIkSA-grahaNake 1. banArasIbilAsa, jayapura, adhyAtmapadapaMkti , pR0 228-226 / 2. lAI ho lAlana bAla amolaka, dekhahu to tuma kaisI banI hai| aisI kahu~ tihu~ loka me suMdara, aura na nAri aneka dhanI hai / yAhi te tohi kahU~ nita cetana, yAhU kI prIti ju to soM sanI hai| terI au rAdhe ko rIjhi anaMta sumo pai kahU~ yaha jAta ganI hai / / brahmavilAsa, zata aSTottarI, padya 28, pR0 14 / 49

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386 hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi samaya AcAryakA 'dIkSA kumArI' athavA 'saMyamazrI' ke sAtha vivAha sampanna hotA hai aura dUsarA vaha jaba AtmArUpI nAyakake sAtha usIke kisI guNarUpI kumArIkI gA~TheM jur3atI hai / iname prathama prakArake vivAhoMkA varNana karanevAle kaI rAsa 'aitihAsika kAvyasaMgraha' meM saMkalita haiM / dUsare prakAra ke vivAhoMme sabase prAcIna jinaprabhasUrikA 'antaraMga vivAha' prakAzita ho cukA hai| uparyukta sumati aura cetana dUsare prakArake pati-patnI hai / isIke antargata vaha dRzya bhI AtA hai / jaba ki AtmArUpI nAyaka 'zivaramaNI' ke sAtha vivAha karane jAtA hai / ajayarAja pATaNIke 'zivaramaNI - vivAha' kA ullekha ho cukA hai| vaha 17 padyoMkA eka sundara rUpaka-kAvya hai / unhone 'jinajIkI rasoI' meM to vivAhoparAnta susvAdu bhojana aura vana-vihArakA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / banArasIdAsane tIrthaMkara zAntinAthakA zivaramaNIse vivAha dikhAyA hai / zAntinAtha vivAha maNDapame AnevAle haiM / honevAlI vadhUkI utsukatA dabAye nahIM dabatI / vaha abhIse unako apanA pati mAna uThI hai / vaha apanI sakhIse kahatI hai, "he sakhI ! AjakA dina atyadhika manohara hai / kintu merA manabhAyA abhItaka nahIM AyA / vaha merA pati sukha-kanda hai, aura candrake samAna dehako dhAraNa karanevAlA hai, tabhI to merA mana udadhi Anandase Andolita ho uThA hai / aura isI kAraNa mere netra-cakora sukhakA anubhava kara rahe hai| usakI suhAvanI jyotikI kItti saMsAra meM phailI huI hai / vaha duHkharUpI andhakArake samUhako naSTa karanevAlI hai / unakI vANIse amRta jharatA hai / merA saubhAgya hai, jo mujhe aise pati prApta hue hai|"" tIrthaMkara athavA AcAryoMke 'saMyamazrI' ke sAtha vivAha honeke varNana to bahuta adhika hai / unameM se 'jinezvarasUri' aura 'jinodayasUri vivAhalA' eka sundara kAvya hai | isame ina sUriyoM kA saMyamazrI ke sAtha vivAha honekA varNana hai / isakI 1. dekhie isI granthakA dUsarA adhyAya, ajayarAja pATaNI / 2. sahi erI ! dina Aja suhAyA mujha bhAyA AyA nahIM ghare / sahi erI ! mana udadhi anandA sukha, kandA candA deha ghare // canda jivAM merA vallabha sohai, nainacakorahi sukkha kareM / jagajyoti suhAI kIrati chAI, bahu dukha timara vitAna hare / sahu kAla vinAnI amRtavAnI, aru mRga kA lAMchana kahie / zrI zAnti jinezanarottama ko prabhu, Aja milA merI sahie // 1 // banArasIvilAsa, jayapura, zrI zAntijinastuti, prathama padya, pR0 186 |

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jaina bhakti-kAvyakA bhAva-pakSa racanA vi0 saM0 1331 me huI thii| hindIke kavi kumudacandrakA 'RSabhavivAhalA' bhI aisI hI eka kRti hai| isame bhagavAn RSabhanAthakA dIkSA-kumArIke sAtha vivAha huA hai| zrAvaka RSabhadAsakA 'AdIzvara vIvAhalA' bhI bahuta hI prasiddha hai / vivAhake samaya bhagavAnne jisa cunaDIko or3hA thA, vaisI cunar3I chapAne ke lie na jAne kitanI patniyAM apane patiyose prArthanA karatI rahI hai / solahavI zatAbdIke vinayacandrakI 'cUnar3I' hindI sAhityako eka prasiddha racanA hai| sAdhukrotikI 'cUnar3I'me to sagItAtmaka pravAha bhI hai / tIrthakara nemIzvara aura rAjulakA prema nemIzvara aura rAjulake kathAnakako lekara, jaina-hindIke bhakta-kavi dAmpatyabhAvako prakaTa karate rahe hai / rAjazekhara sUrine vivAhake lie rAjulako aisA sajAyA hai ki usame mRdula kAvyatva hI sAkSAt ho uThA hai| kintu vaha vaisI hI upAsya buddhise saMcAlita hai, jaise 'rAdhA-sudhAnidhi meM rAdhAkA saundarya / rAjulako zIla-sanI zobhAme kucha aisI bAta hai ki usase pavitratAko preraNA milatI hai, vAsanAko nhiiN| vivAhamaNDapame virAjI vadhU jisake Aneko pratIkSA kara rahI thI, vaha mUka-pazuoMke karuNa-krandanase prabhAvita hokara lauTa gyaa| usa samaya vadhUkI tilamilAhaTa aura patiko pA leneko becainIkA jo citra hemavijayasUrine khIcA hai, dUsarA nahI khIMca skaa| harSakItikI 'neminAtha rAjula gota' bhI eka sundara racanA hai| isame bhI neminAthako pA lenekI becainI hai, kintu vaisI sarasa nahIM, jaisI ki hemavijayane aMkita kI hai|' ____ kavi bhUdharadAsane nemIzvara aura rAjulako lekara aneka padoMkA nirmANa kiyA hai| eka sthAnapara to rAjulane apanI mAMse prArthanA kI hai, 'he mAM! dera na karo, mujhe zIghra hI vahAM bheja do, jahA~ hamArA pyArA pati rahatA hai| yahAM to mujhe kucha bhI acchA nahIM lagatA, cAroM ora aMdherA-hI-aMdherA dikhAI detA hai| na jAne nemirUpI divAkarakA prakAzyamAna mukha kaba dikhAI pdd'egaa| unake binA hamArA hRdayarUpI aravinda murajhAyA par3A hai / "2 piyamilanakI aisI vikaTa 1.isI granthakA dUsarA adhyAya, hemavijaya / 2. mAM vilaMba na lAva paThAva tahA~ rI, jahaM jagapati piya pyaaro| aura na mohi suhAya kachu aba, dIse jagata aMdhAro rI mAM vilaMba // 1 // mai zrI nemi divAkara ko kaba, dekho badana ujaaro| bina piya dekheM murajhAya rahyo hai, ura araviMda hamArorImA vilaMba // 2 // bhUdharadAsa, bhUdharavilAsa, kalakattA, 13vA~ pada, pR0 8 /

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388 hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi cAha hai jisake kAraNa lar3akI mA~se prArthanA karate hue bhI nahI lajAtI / laukika prema-prasaMga meM lajjA AtI hai, kyoMki usame 'kAma' kI pradhAnatA hotI hai, kintu yahA~ to alokika aura divya premako bAta hai / alaukikakI tallInatAme vyAvahArika ucita-anucita dhyAna nahIM rahatA / rAjula ke viyoga me 'saMvedanA' vAle pahalUkI hI pradhAnatA hai / bhUdharadAsane rAjula ke antastha virahako sahaja svAbhAvika Dhagase abhivyakta kiyA hai / rAjula apanI sakhIse kahatI haiM, "he sakhI ! mujhe vahA~ le cala jahA~ pyAre jAdoMti rahate hai / nemirUpI candrake binA yaha AkAzakA candra mere saba tana-manako jalA rahA hai / usako kiraNeM nAvikake tIrakI bhA~ti agnike sphuliMgoMko barasAtI hai / rAtri ke tAre to aMgAre hI ho rahe hai / " "hA~ le cala rI ! jahA~ jAdauMpati pyAro / afe nizAkara bina yaha candA, tana mana dahata sakala rI // tahA~ 0 // 1 // fara faat arrase rra-tati kai, jyauM pAvaka kI jhalarI / tAre haiM aMgAre sajanI, rajanI rAkasa dala rI // tahA~ 0 // 2 // "" kahI-kahI rAjulake viraha meM 'UhA' ke darzana hote haiM, kintu uname nAyikA ke 'peMDulama ' ho jAne kI bAta nahIM A pAyI hai, isI kAraNa vaha tamAzA banane se baca gayA hai / yadyapi rAjulakA 'ura' bhI aisA jala rahA hai ki hAtha usake samIpa nahI le jAyA jA sakatA, kintu aisA nahIM ki usakI garamIse jaDakAleme lueM calane lagI hoM / rAjula apano sakhIse kahatI haiM, "nemikumAra ke binA merA jiya rahatA nahIM hai / he sakhI ! dekha merA hRdaya kaisA taca rahA hai, tU apane hAthako nikaTa lAkara dekhatI kyoM nahIM / merI virahajanya uSNatA kapUra aura kamalake pattose dUra nahIM hogI, unako dUra haTA de| mujhe to 'siyarAkalAghara' bhI karUra lagatA hai / priyatama prabhu nemikumArake binA merA 'hiyarA' zItala nahI ho sakatA / "" piyake viyogame rAjula bhI pIlI par3a gayI hai, kintu aisA nahIM huA ki usake zarIrame eka tolA mAMsa bhI na rahA ho / virahase bharI nadIme usakA hRdaya bhI 1. bhUSaradAsa, bhUdharavilAsa, kalakattA 45vA~ pada, pRSTha 25 / 2. nemi binA na rahU~ mero jiyarA / hera ro helI tapata ura kaiso, lAvata kyoM nija hAtha na niyarA || mi0 // 1 // kari kari dUra kapUra kamala dala, lagata karUra kalAdhara siyarA // nemi0||2|| bhUdhara ke prabhu nemi piyA bina, zItala hoya na rAjula hiyarA || mi0||3|| vahI, 20vaoN pada, pR0 12 /

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jaina bhakti-kAvyakA bhAva-pakSa bahA hai, kintu usakI A~khoMse khUnake A~sU kabhI nahIM Dhulake / harI to vaha bhI bhartAse bheMTakara hI hogI, kintu usake hAr3a sUkhakara sAraMgI kabhI nahI bne| bArahamAsA nemIzvara aura rAjulako lekara jaina hindI-sAhityame bArahamAsoMkI bhI racanA huI hai| una sabame kavi vinodolAlakA 'bArahamAsA' uttama hai / priyAko priyake sukhake anizcayakI AzaMkA sadaiva rahatI hai, bhale hI priya sukhame raha rahA ho / tIrthaMkara nemIzvara vItarAgI hokara, nirAkulatApUrvaka giranArapara tapa kara rahe hai, kintu rAjulako zaMkA hai, "jaba sAvana me ghanaghora ghaTAeM juDa AyeMgI, cAroM orase mora zora kareMge, kokila kuhuka sunAvegI, dAminI damakegI aura puravAIke jhoMke caleMge, to vaha sukhapUrvaka tapa na kara skeNge|" poSake lagane para to rAjulako cintA aura bhI baDha gayo hai| use vizvAsa hai ki patikA jAr3A binA rajAIke nahI kttegaa| pattokI dhuvanIse to kAma calegA nhiiN| usapara bhI kAmakI faujeM isI RtumeM nikalatI hai, komala gAtake nemIzvara usase lar3a na skeNge| vaizAkhako garamIko dekhakara rAjula aura bhI adhika vyAkula hai, kyoMki isa garamIme nemIzvarako pyAsa lagegI to zItala jala kahA~ milegA? aura tIvra dhUpase tacate pattharose unakA zarIra Dhaka jaayegaa| ___ kavi lakSmIvallabhakA 'nemi rAjula bArahamAsA' bhI eka prasiddha racanA hai| isameM kula 14 padya hai / prakRtike ramaNIya sannidhAname virahiNIke vyAkula bhAvoMkA sarasa sammizraNa huA hai, "zrAvaNakA mAha hai, cAroM orase vikaTa ghaTAe~ umar3a rahI hai / mora zora macA rahe hai / AsamAname dAminI damaka rahI hai| yAminIme 1. dekhie, bhUdharavilAsa, 14vaoN pada, pR0 6, aura milAie jAyasIke nAgamatI viraha vrnnnse| 2. piyA sAvana mai vrata lIje nahIM, ghanaghora ghaTA jura aavaigii| cahu~ ora se mora ju zora kareM, vana kokila kuhaka sunaavaigii| piya raina aMdherI meM sUjhai nahIM, kachu dAmana damaka ddraavaigii| puravAI ko jhoMka sahoge nahI, china meM tapa teja chur3AvaigI / / kavi vinodIlAla, bArahamAsA nemirAjulakA, bArahamAsA saMgraha, jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA, 4thA padya, pR0 24 / 3. vahI, 14vaoN padya, pR027| 4. vahI, 22vaoN padya, pR0 26 /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi kumbhasthala-jaise stanoko dhAraNa karanevAlI bhAminiyoko piyakA saMga bhA rahA hai| svAtI nakSatrakI bUMdoMse cAtakakI pIr3A bhI dUra ho gayI hai| zuSka pRthvIkI deha bhI hariyAlIko pAkara dipa uThI hai| kintu rAjulakA na to piya AyA aura na ptiyaaN|" ThIka isI bhA~ti eka bAra jAyasIkI nAgamatI bhI vilApa karate hue kaha uThI thI, "cAtakake mukhame svAtI nakSatrakI bUMdeM par3a gayI, aura samudrakI saba sIpeM bhI motiyoMse bhara gyii| haMsa smaraNa kara-karake apane tAlAboMpara A gaye, sArasa bolane lage aura khajana bhI dikhAI par3ane lge| kAsoke phUlanese vaname prakAza ho gayA, kintu hamAre phanta na phire, kahI videzame hI bhUla gye|" kavi bhavAnI dAsane bhI 'neminAthabArahamAsA' likhA thA, jisameM kula 12 padya hai| zrI jinaharSakA 'nemibArahamAsA' bhI eka prasiddha kAvya hai| usake 12 savaiyoMmeM saundarya aura AkarSaNa vyApta hai / zrAvaNa mAsame rAjulakI dazAko upasthita karate hue kavine likhA hai, 'zrAvaNa mAsa hai, ghanako ghanaghora ghaTAeM unai AyI hai| jhalamalAtI huI bijurI camaka rahI hai, usake madhyase vajra-sI dhvani phUTa rahI hai, jo rAjulako viSavelike samAna lagatI hai| papIhA 'piu-piu' raTa rahA hai| dAdura aura mora bola rahe hai / aise samayame yadi nemIzvara mila jAyeM to rAjula atyadhika sukho ho|" 1. umaTI vikaTa ghanaghora ghaTA cihu~ orani morani sora macAyo / camakai divi dAmini yAmini kuMbhaya bhAmini kuM piya ko saMga bhAyo / liva cAtaka pIu hI pIr3a laI, bhaI rAjaharI bhuMi deha dipAyo / patiyAM pai na pAI rI prItama ko alI, zrAvaNa Ayo pe nema na Ayo / kavi lakSmIvallabha, nemirAjulabArahamAsA, pahalA padya, isI granthakA dUsarA adhyaay| 2. svAti bUMda cAtaka mukha pare / samuda sIpa motI saba bhare // saravara saMvari haMsa cali Aye / sArasa kuralahiM khaMjana dekhAye // bhA paragAsa kAMsa bana phUle / kaMta na phire videsahiM bhUle // jAyasI, padmAvata, paM0 rAmacandra zukla sampAdita, kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, tRtIya saMskaraNa, vi0 saM0 2003, 307, pR0153 / 3. dhana ko dhanaghora ghaTA unaho, vijurI camakaMti jhalAhali sii| vici gAja agAja avAja karaMta su, lAgata mo viSa veli jisI // papIyA piu piu raTata rayaNa ju, dAdura mora vadai Uli sii| aise zrAvaNa me yadu nemi mile, sukha hota kahai jasarAja risI // jinaharSa, nemi bArahamAsA, isI granthakA dUsarA adhyaay|

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jaina bhakti-kAvyakA bhAva-pakSa AdhyAtmika holiyA~ jaina sAhityakAra AdhyAtmika holiyoMkI racanA karate rahe hai| unameM holIke aMga-upAMgokA AtmAse rUpaka milAyA gayA hai| uname AkarSaNa to hotA hI hai, pAvanatA bhI A jAtI hai / aimo racanAoko 'phAga' kahate hai / isa viSayameM kavi banArasIdAsakA 'phAga' bahuta hI prasiddha hai| usame AtmArUpI nAyaka zivasundarIse holI khelA hai| kavine likhA hai, "sahaja AnandarUpI vasanta A gayA hai, aura zubha bhAvarUpI patte lahalahAne lage hai| sumatirUpI kokilA gahagahI hokara gA uThI hai, aura manarUpI bhauMre madonmatta hokara guMjAra kara rahe hai| suratirUpI agnijvAlA prakaTa huI hai, jisase aSTakarmarUpI vana jala gayA hai| agocara amUrtika AtmA dharmarUpI phAga khela rahA hai| isa bhAMti AtmadhyAnake balase paramajyoti prakaTa huI, jisase aSTakarmarUpI holI jala gayI aura AtmA zAnta rasame magna hokara ziva-sundarIse phAga khelane lgaa|" "viSama viraSa pUro bhayo ho, prAyo sahaja vasaMta / pragaTI suruci sugaMdhitA ho, mana madhukara mayamaMta // sumati kokilAM gahagahI ho bahI apUraba bAu / bharama kuhara bAdara phaTe ho, ghaTa jAr3o jar3atAu // zubha dala pallava lahalahe ho hohiM azubha patajhAra / malina viSaya rati mAlatI ho, virati veli vistAra // surati agni jvAlA jagI ho, samakita bhAnu amaMda / hRdaya kamala vikasita bhayo ho, pragaTa sujaza makaraMda // parama jyoti pragaTa maI ho, lAgI holikA Aga / ATha kATha saba jari bujhe ho, gaI tatAI bhAga // " kavi dyAnatarAyane do jatthoke madhya holIkI racanA kI hai| eka ora to buddhi, dayA, kSamArUpI nAriyAM hai aura dUsarI ora AtmAke guNarUpI puruSa hai / jJAna aura dhyAnarUpI Dapha tathA tAla baja rahe hai, unase anahadarUpI dhanaghora zabda nikala rahA hai / dharmarUpI lAla raMgakA gulAla ur3a rahA hai, aura samatArUpI raMga donoM hI pakSoMne ghola rakhA hai| donoM hI dala praznake uttarakI bhAMti ekadUsaraMpara picakArI bhara-bharakara chor3ate haiM / idharase puruSavarga pUchatA hai ki tuma kisakI nArI ho, to udharase striyAM pUchatI haiM ki tuma kisake chorA ho / ATha karmarUpI kATha anubhavarUpI agnime jala-bujhakara zAnta ho gye| phira to sajjanoM 1. banArasIvilAsa, jayapura, adhyAtmaphAga, pR0 154-155 /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi ke netrarUpI cakora, zivaramaNoke AnandacandakI chaviko TakaTakI lagAkara dekhate ho rhe|" "Ayo sahaja basaMta kheleM saba horI horA / uta budhi dayA chimA bahu ThAr3hI, ita jiya ratana saje guna jorA // jJAna dhyAna Dapha tAla bajata haiM, anahada zabda hota ghanaghorA / dharama surAga gulAla ur3ata hai, samatA raMga duhU~ ne ghorA // parasana uttara bhari picakArI, chorata donoM kari kari jorA / itaH kahai nAri tuma kAkI, utatai kahai kauna ko chorA / / ATha kATha anumava pAvaka meM, jala bujha zAnta maI saba orA / dhAnata ziva Ananda canda chavi, dekhahiM sajjana naina cakorA // "' bhUdharadAsako nAyikAne bhI apanI sakhiyoMke sAtha zraddhA-gagarImeM AnandarUpI jalase rucirUpI kezara gholakara, aura raMge hue nIrako umaMgarUpI picakArIme bharakara apane priyatamake Upara chodd'aa| isa bhAMti usane atyadhika AnandakA anubhava kiyaa| jagarAmakI holiyoMmeM citra upasthita karanekI adbhuta kSamatA hai| eka ora jinarAjA hai, dUsarI ora zuddha pariNati raanii| donoM eka-dUsareke hRdayako, anubhavarUpI raMgase, suratirUpI picakArIke dvArA chir3aka rahe hai| donoke aMgaaMga raMgame sarAbora ho gaye haiM / koI bacA nahIM hai| isa sukhame donoM lIna hai / kisI prakAra bhI bichuDate nahIM bntaa| dono atula ananta vIrya se yukta hai / prabhuke isa adbhuta kautukako dekhakara darzakakA manarUpI naTa umaMgita hokara nAce binA nahI raha sktaa| "horI ko bhAchayau khyAla macyo hai| jinarAjA suddhi pariNati rAnI, rasa basa doU cAhi racyo hai // 1. dhAnatarAya, cAnatapadasaMgraha, jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA, 86vA~ pada, pR0 36-37 / 2. saradhA gAgara meM ruci rUpi, kesara ghori turaMta / AnaMda nIra umaMga picakArI, choDo nIkI bhaMta // horI kheloMgo, ghara Aye cidAnaMda kaMta // bhUdharadAsakA pada 'horI kheloMgI', adhyAtmapadAvalI, paM0 rAjakumAra sampAdita, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, pR0 75 / 3. padasaMgraha naM0 462, patra 36, badhIcandajI mandira, jayapura /

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jaina bhakti-kAvyakA bhAva-pakSa 393 anubhava raMga surati picakArI, chirakata hiya rai yo nihacyau hai| aMga-aMga saravaMga sagavage, duhudhAM koU nAhi vacyau hai // sukha meM lIna na vicha rata kyoM hU, vIraja atula ananta jacyau hai / jaga prabhu ko adbhuta kautuka lakhi, mana naTa mero umagi nacyau hai|" isa bAra jagarAmake prabhuke lie jaisI acchI holo bana par3o hai, anya kisIke lie nhii| unakI nija pariNati rAnIne unheM bhI apane raMgame raMga liyA hai / usakA raMga aisA-vaisA nahIM hai| vaha jJAnarUpI salila, dRgarUpI kesara gaura cAritrarUpI covAko milAkara banAyA gayA hai| raMgake sAtha hI dUsarI orase dayArUpI gulAlaabIrakA bhI prayoga ho rahA hai| rAnIne sukharUpI nazeme rAjAko chakA DAlA hai| naya aura vratarUpI nartakiyAM nAnA bhAvoMse nRtya karatI haiM / ve syAdvAda rUpI nAdako alApate hue bhinna-bhinna laya aura tAnose rijhAtI rahatI hai / rAnIne rAjAko isa prakAra rasake vazame kara liyA hai ki vaha anyatra nahIM jA pAtA / usase sarvasvarUpI phaguvA lekara apane mandira meM viramA liyA hai|' "aisI nIkI horI prabhu hI ke bani aavai|| nija paranati rAnI raMga bhInI apane raMga khilAvai / / gyAna salila dvaga kesara cArita covA caraci racAvai / dayA gulAla abIra ur3Avai suSamada chakani chakAvai // nayavrata nRtyakArinI nAce nAnA bhAva batAvai / syAdvAda soi nAda alApata laya tAnana sauM rijhAvai / / aise rasa basa kari lIne jo anata na jAnana pAvai / saravasa phaguvA ke jagapati pai nija mandira viramAce // " nagarame horI ho rahI hai| sarvatra Ananda chAyA hai| becArI sumati usase nitAnta vaMcita hai / usakA pati cetana ghara nahIM hai / vaha duHkhI hai-atIva duHkhI / usakA duHkha kevala viraha-janya hI nahIM hai, apitu isalie bhI hai ki pati sauta kumatike ghara holI khela rahA hai / kisa bhAMti lAyA jaaye| antameM usane 'jinasvAmI' se prArthanA kI ki use samajhAkara lauTAlane meM sahAyatA kreN| 1. padasaMgraha naM0 58, patra 26 digambara jaina paMcAyatI mandira, bar3auta / 2. nagarame ho rahI ho| mero piya cena ghara nAhI, yaha duSa suni hai ko| sauti kumati ke rAci rahayo hai, kiha vidhi lyAbU so| dyAnati sumati kahai jina svAmI, tuma kachu siSyA dyo|| padasaMgraha 58, patra 25, di0 jaina mandira, baDauta ( mertth)| 50

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394 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi jaba 'piyA' ghara nahI to 'patnI' kisase holI khele / vaha holI na khela skegii| usake lie isa varSakI holI korI hai| aise samaya vaha usa holIko yAda karatI hai, jaba vaha upazamakI kezara gholakara priyatamake sAtha khelI thii| sumati bhagavAnse hAtha jor3akara kahatI hai ki he prabhu ! maiM punaH vaha samaya kaba pAU~gI, "piyA bina kAsauM khelauM horii| bhAtamarAma piyA ghara nAhIM mokU horI korI / / yeka bAra prItama hama pele upasama kesari ghorI / dhAnati vaha samayA kaba pAU~ sumati kahai kara joro // " mahAtmA Anandaghanane 'AdhyAtmika kSetra meM virahakI vividha dazAoMke anupama citra khIMce haiN| priyA virahiNI hai| usakA pati bAhara calA gayA hai| vaha pati binA sudha-budha kho baiThI hai| mahalake jharokheme usakI A~kheM jhUla rahI hai| pati nahIM aayaa| aba vaha kaise jove / viraharUpI bhuvaMgama usakI prANarUpI vAyuko pI rahA hai / zItala paMkhA, kumakumA aura candanase kucha nahIM hotaa| zItala pavanase virahAnala haTatA nahIM, apitu tana-tApako aura bhI bar3hAtA hai| aisI hI dazAmeM eka dina holI jala utthii| sabhI cAMcarake khelameM masta ho gyiiN| virahiNI kaise khele| usakA mana jala rahA hai| usakA samUcA tana khAkha (dhUla ) hokara ur3A jAtA hai| holI eka hI dina jalatI hai, usakA mana to saba dina jalatA hai| holIke jalanemeM Ananda hai aura isa jalanameM tIna duHkha, "piyA binu zuddha buddha bhUlI ho| AMkha lagAi dukha mahala ke jharukhe jhulI ho|| prItama prANapati vinA priyA, kaiseM jIve ho| prAna pavana virahAdazA, bhuyaMgama pIve ho // zItala paMkhA kumakumA, caMdana kahA lAve ho / anakana virahAnala perai, tanatApa bar3hAve ho / phAguna cAcara ikanizA, horI siragAnI ho| mere mana sa dina jare, tana khAkha ur3AnI ho // " 1. vhii| 2. AnandadhanapadasaMgraha, zrImad buddhisAgarajIkRta gujarAtI bhAvArthasahita, adhyAtma zAnaprasAraka maNDala, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1964, pada 41, pR0 116-123 / /

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jaina bhakti-kAvyakA mAva-pakSa ananya prema premame ananyatAkA honA atyAvazyaka hai| premoko priyake atirikta kucha dikhAI hI na de, tabhI vaha saccA prema hai| mAM bApane rAjulase dUsare vivAhakA prastAva kiyA, kyoki rAjulako nemIzvarake sAtha bhA~vare nahIM par3ane pAyI thii| kintu prema bhAMvarokI apekSA nahIM krtaa| rAjulako to sivA nemIzvarake anyakA nAma bhI rucikArI nahI thaa| isI kAraNa usane mAM-bApako phaTakArate hue kahA, "he tAta! tumhArI jIbha khUba calI hai, jo apanI laDakIke lie bhI gAliyAM nikAlate ho| tumhe hara bAta sa~bhAlakara kahanA caahie| saba striyoMko eka-sI na smjho| mere lie to isa saMsArameM kevala nemi-prabhu hI eka mAtra pati hai|" "kAhe na bAta samhAla kaho tuma jAnata ho yaha bAta bhalI hai| gAliyA~ kADhata ho hamako sano tAta malI tama jIbha calI hai| maiM sabako tuma tulya ginau tuma jAnata nA yaha bAta ralI hai| yA bhava meM pati nema prabhU vaha lAla vinodI ko nAtha balI hai // " mahAtmA Anandaghana ananya premako jisa bhAMti AdhyAtmika pakSameM ghaTA sake, vaisA hindIkA anya koI kavi nahI kara skaa| kabIrame dAmpatyabhAva hai aura AdhyAtmikatA bhI, kintu vaisA AkarSaNa nahI, jaisA ki Anandaghaname hai| jAyasIke prabandha kAvyame alaukikakI ora izArA bhale hI ho, kintu lokika kathAnakake kAraNa usame vaha ekatAnatA nahIM nibha sakI hai, jaisI ki Anandaghanake muktaka padome pAyI jAtI hai| sujAnavAle ghanAnandake bahuta-se pada 'bhagavadbhakti' me vaise nahI khapa sake, jaise ki sujAnake pakSameM ghaTe haiN| mahAtmA Anandaghana jainoMke eka pahu~ce hue sAdhu the| unake padoMme hRdayakI tallInatA hai| unhone eka sthAnapara likhA hai, "suhAginake hRdayameM nirguNa brahmako anubhUtise aisA prema jagA hai ki anAdikAlase calI AnevAlI ajJAnako nIda samApta ho gyii| hRdayake bhItara bhaktike dIpakane eka aisI sahaja jyotiko prakAzita kiyA hai, jisase ghamaNDa svayaM dUra ho gayA aura anupama vastu prApta ho gyii| prema eka aisA acUka tIra hai ki jisake lagatA hai vaha Dhera ho jAtA hai| vaha eka aisA vINAkA nAda hai, jisako sunakara AtmArUpI mRga tinake taka caranA bhUla jAtA hai| prabhu to premase milatA hai, usakI kahAnI kahI nahIM jA sktii|" "suhAgaNa jAgI anubhava prIta, suhaa0| ninda ajJAna anAdi kI miTa gaI nija rIti // suhA0 // 1 // 1. vinodIlAla, nemibyAha, jaina siddhAntabhavana dhArAkI hastalikhita prati /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi ghaTa mandira dIpaka kiyo, sahaja sujyoti sarUpa / Apa parAi Apa ho, ThAnata vastu anUpa ||suhaa0 // 2 // kahA dikhAvU aura kU, kahA samajhAuM bhora / tIra acUka hai prema kA, lAge so rahe Thora ||suhaa0 // 3 // nAda viluto prANa kU, gine na tRNa mRgaloya / Anandaghana prabhu prema kA, akatha kahAnI voya ||suhaa0 // 4 // '' bhaktake pAsa bhagavAn svayaM Ate hai| bhakta nahI jAtA / jaba bhagavAn Ate hai, to bhaktake AnandakA pArAvAra nahIM rhtaa| AnandaghanakI suhAgana nArIke nAtha bhI svayaM Aye hai, aura apanI 'tiyA' ko premapUrvaka svIkAra kiyA hai| lambI pratIkSAke bAda Aye nAthako prasannatAme, patnIne bhI vividha bhAMtike zRMgAra kiye haiN| usane prema, pratIti, rAga aura rucike raMgame raMgI sAr3I dhAraNa kI hai, bhaktikI mehaMdI rAMcI hai aura bhAvakA sukhakArI aMjana lagAyA hai| sahaja svabhAvakI cUr3iyAM pahanI hai aura thiratAkA bhArI kaMgana dhAraNa kiyA hai| dhyAnarUpI urabasI gahanA vakSasthalapara par3A hai, aura piyake guNakI mAlAko galeme pahanA hai| suratake sindUrase maoNgako sajAyA hai aura niratiko veNIko AkarSaka DhaMgase gUMthA hai| usake ghaTame tribhuvanako sabase adhika prakAzyamAna jyotikA janma huA hai| vahA~se anahadakA nAda bhI uThane lagA hai| aba to use lagAtAra ekatAnase piyarasakA Ananda upalabdha ho rahA hai| "Aja suhAgana nArI ||avdhuu aaj0|| mere nAtha zrApa sudha lonI, kInI nija aMgacArI ||abdhuu0 // 1 // prema pratIta rAga ruci raMgata, pahire jinI sArI / mahiMdI bhakti raMgakI rAcI, bhAva aMjana sukhakArI ||abdhuu0||2|| sahaja sumAva cUrIyA~ penI, thiratA kaMgana maarii| dhyAna uravasI ura meM rAkhI, piya guna mAla adhArI ||avdhuu0 // 3 // surata siMdUra mAMga raMga rAtI, nirate benI smaarii| upajI jyota udyota ghaTa tribhuvana, bhArasI kevala kArI ||abdhuu0 // 4 // upajI dhuni ajaga kI anahada, jIta nagAre vaarii| jhADI sadA mAnandaghana barAvata, bina more ika tArI |abdhuu0 // 5 // " 1. mahAtmA Anandaghana, AnandadhanapadasaMgraha, adhyAtmazAna prasAraka maNDala, bambaI, cauthA pada, pR07| 2. vahI, 20vA~ pd|

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jaina bhakti-kAvyakA mAva-pakSa 39. ThIka isI bhAMti banArasodAsakI 'nArI' ke pAsa bhI niraMjanadeva svayaM prakaTa hue haiN| vaha idhara-udhara bhaTakI nhiiN| usane apane hRdayame dhyAna lagAyA aura niraMjanadeva A gye| aba vaha apane khaMjana-jaise netroMse use pulakAyamAna hokara dekha rahI hai, aura prasannatAse bhare gIta gA rahI hai| usake pApa aura bhaya dUra bhAga gaye hai| paramAtmA-jaise sAjanake rahate hue, pApa aura bhaya kaise raha sakate hai / usakA sAjana sAdhAraNa nahIM hai, vaha kAmadeva-jaisA sundara aura sudhArasa-sA madhura hai / vaha karmokA kSaya kara denese turanta mila jAtA hai|' vinayabhAva ratike tIna pradhAna rUpoMme 'bhagavadviSayaka rati' hI mukhya hai, aura nirUpaNakI dRSTise usame vinayake sabhI pada A jAte haiM / 'vinayabhAva'ko hI sAhitya-paramparAme 'sevya-sevakabhAva' aura 'dAsyabhAva' bhI kahA jAtA hai| isame apanI laghutA, dInatA, ArAdhyakI mahattA, yAcanA aura zaraNAgatakI rakSAkA bhAva pramukha hotA hai| sevAko anuvRtti bhI kahate hai, anuvRtti vaha hai, jo niSkAmatAse anuprANita ho / bhaktise sambandhita dAsyabhAva ArAdhyakI mahattAkI svIkRtipara AdhArita hai, nijI svArthapara nhiiN| sevA solahavoM zatAbdIke sAmarthyavAn kavi zrI merunandana upAdhyAyane likhA hai, "ajitanAtha aura zAntinAtha maMgaladAyaka, zrIsampanna aura pUnoke candrakI bhAMti sukha pradAna karanevAle hai / dono hI saMsArake guru hai aura netroMko Anandita karate hai| una jinavaroko praNAma karake aura unake guNoMko gAkara jo unakI sevA karatA hai, usake puNyake bhaNDAra bhara jAte hai aura usakA mAnava-bhava saphala ho 1. mhAre pragaTe deva nirNjn| aTako kahA kahA sara bhaTakata kahA kahU~ jana raMjana // mhAre0 // 1 // khaMjana dga dRga nayanana gAU~ cAU~ citavata raMjana / sajana ghaTa aMtara paramAtmA sakala durita bhaya raMjana // mhAre // 2 // vohI kAmadeva hoya kAma ghaTa vohI maMjana / aura upAya na mile banArasI sakala karamaSaya khaMjana ||mhaare0 // 3 // banArasIdAsa, banArasIvilAsa, jayapura, 1954 I0, 'do naye pada', pR0240ka /

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398 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi jAtA hai|'' isI zatAbdIke prasiddha kavi brahma jinadAsane, bhagavAn RSabhadevase na mokSa mAMgA aura na ihalaukika vaibhava / unhone kahA, "he prabhu ! hame janma-janmame Apake caraNoMkI sevAkA avasara mile|" aThArahavI zatAbdIke kavi bhUdharadAsane 'bhUdharavilAsa' ke eka padame likhA hai, "he bhagavan ! maiM yAcaka hU~ aura Apa dAnI ho| mujhe aura kucha nahI cAhie, kevala sevAkA varadAna denekI kRpA kreN|" 'jainazataka'kI eka 'bhagavata-prArthanA me bhI unhone yaha hI kahA hai, "he sarvajJa deva ! sadaiva tero sevAkA avasara prApta hotA rahe, aisA merA nivedana hai|" bhakta yaha kabhI nahI cAhatA ki vaha akelA hI apane ArAdhyakI sevA kare, apitu use to yaha dekhakara paramAnanda milatA hai ki vizvake bar3e-bar3e vaibhavazAlI jIva bhI usake ArAdhyakI sevA karate haiN| sattarahavI zatAbdIke kavi kuzalalAbhane likhA hai, "he bhagavan ! tumhArA yaza isa pRthvIpara aura usa samudrameM, jahA~ asaMkhya dopa dedIpyamAna hai, tathA usa vyomame, jahA~ akhaNDita sura calatephirate hai, chAyA huA hai, asura, indra, nara, amara vividha vyantara aura vidyAdhara tumhAre pairoko sevA karate hai, aura nirantara jApa lagAte hai / he pArzvajinendra ! tuma samUce jagatke nAtha ho, aura sevakokI manokAmanAoko cintAmaNike samAna pUrA karate ho| tuma sampatti bhI dete ho aura vItarAgI pathapara bhI baDhAte ho|" pANDe rUpacandake paMca maMgalakA 'janmakalyANaka' to bhagavAnakI sevAkA hI eka 1. maMgala kamalA kaMdue, sukha sAgara pUnima caMdue / jaga guru ajiya jiNaMdue, saMtIsura nayaNANadue / ve jiNavara paNamevie, ve guNa gAi susNsevie| punya bhaMDAra bharesue, mAnava bhava saphala kresue| merunandana upAdhyAya, ajitazAntistavanam , isI granthakA dUsarA adhyAya / 2. teha guNa me jANI yA e, sadaguru taNo psaavto| bhavi bhavi svAmI sevasuM e, lAgu saha guru pAya to // brahma jinadAsa, AdipurANa, isI granthakA dUsarA adhyAya / 3. bhUdharako sevA vara diije| maiM jAcaka tuma daanii| mai to thAkI Aja mahimA jAnI // bhUdharavilAsa, kalakattA, 43vA~ pada, pR0 24 / 4. Agama abhyAsa hohu sevA sarvajJa tero, saMgati sadaiva milai sAdharamIjana kii| jainazataka, kalakattA, 61vaoN pada, pR0 30 / 5. isI granthakA dUsarA adhyAya, kushllaam|

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jaina bhakti-kAvyakA bhAva-pakSa punIta citra hai| isake atirikta 'jJAnakalyANaka' me kevalajJAnake prApta ho jAnepara bhagavAnke samavazaraNakI racanA svayaM kuberane kI thI, jo usake sevA-bhAvakI ho pratIka hai| usa samavazaraName virAjamAna bhagavAnkI jo nara-nArI sevA karate the, unako anirvacanIya Ananda prApta hotA thaa| mAruta nAmake devatA to samavazaraNake Asa-pAmakI yojana-pramANa pRthvIko sadaiva jhAr3a-buhArakara pavitra aura nirmala rakhate the| usapara mevakumAra nAmake devatA gandhodakakI suvaSTi karate the| bhakta devagaNa, bhagavAnke calate samaya unake nIce kamalokI sRSTi karate the| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsane bhagavAn pArzva jinendrako sevAkI bAta karate hue likhA hai, "he jIva ! tU deza-dezAntaroM meM kyoM daur3atA phiratA hai, indra aura narendroko kyo rijhAtA hai ? devI-devatAoko kyoM manAtA hai, aura kyoM candrako sira jhukAtA hai| sUryako aMjalIbaddha hokara namaskAra kyoM karatA hai, aura kyoM pAkhaNDI tapasviyoMke paira chUtA phiratA hai| na jAne tU pAva jinendrakI sevA kyoM nahIM karatA, jisase terA dina aura rAtakA soca hI samApta ho jaaye|" "kAhe ko deza dizAMtara dhAvata, kAhe rijhAvata iMda nriNd| kAhe ko devi au deva manAvata, kAhe ko zIsa navAvata caMda // kAhe ko sUraja soM kara jorata, kAhe nihorata mUDha muniMda / kAhe ko zoca karai dina raina hU~, sevata kyoM nahiM pArzva jinaMda // " 'bhaiyA'kA pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki bhagavAnke caraNoMkI sevA karanese turanta hI ananta guNa prakaTa ho jAte hai, aura itanI 'riddhi-siddhiyA~' milatI hai ki unase cirakAlataka paramAnandakA anubhava kiyA jA sakatA hai| unhoMne 'ahikSiti pArzvajina stuti' me likhA hai, "azvasenake nanda Anandake kanda hai, athavA panamake canda athavA dinanda hai| ve karmoMke phandeko harate, bhramakA nikandana karate, 1. pANDe rUpacanda, paMcamaMgala jJAnakalyANaka, 16vaoN padya, jJAnapITha pUjAMjali, bhAratIya zAnapITha, kAzI, 1957 I0, pR0 100 / 2. anasurai maramAnanda sabako, nAri nara je sevatA / jojana pramAna dharA sumArjahiM, jahA~ mAruta devatA / / puni karahiM meghakumAra gaMdhodaka suvRSTi suhAvanI / pada kamala tara sura khipahiM kamala su, dharaNi sasi sobhA bnii| vahI, padya 16vaoN, pR0 101 / 3. brahmavilAsa, jaina grantharatnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, san 1926 I0, dvitIyA bRtti, pR0 61 /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi duHkha-dvandvako cUrate aura mahAcainake sukhako pUrate haiN| surendra unakI sevA karate hai, narendra guNa gAte hai, aura munIndra dhyAna lagAte hai, aura isa bhAMti sabhIko atyadhika sukha milatA hai| ve bhagavAn jinacandra kSaNa-bharame hI AnandakI sugandhi bikhera dete haiN|" "AnaMda ko kaMda nidhoM pUnama ko caMda kidhoM, dekhie dinaMda aiso nanda azvasena ko / karama ko harai phaMda bhrama ko karai nikaMda, cUrai dukha dvandva sukha pUrai mahA caina ko / / sevata suriMda guna gAvata nariMda bhaiyA, dhyAvata muniMda tehU pAveM sukha aina ko / aiso jinacaMda karai, china meM suchaMda suto, aikSita ko iMda pArzva pUjoM prabhu jaina ko // "" aThArahavIM zatAbdIke kavi bihArIdAsane apanI pichalI karanIpara pazcAttApa karate hue bhagavAnase prArthanA kI hai, "maiM sadaiva tRSNAkI dAhameM pajaratA rahA hU~, aura samatA-sudhAko cakhA taka nhiiN| apUrva bhagavat svAdake binA maiM viSayarasakA hI bhakSaNa karatA rahA / he prabhu ! aba sadA mere hRdayame baso, aura mai sadaiva Apake caraNoMkA sevaka rhuuN|" jagatarAmane bhI 'jaina-padAvalI me 'sAhiba sevagatAI'ke puSTa honekI hI yAcanA kI hai| ziromaNi jainane apane 'dharmasAra meM bhagavAn mahAvIrake una caraNome zraddhApUrvaka namaskAra kiyA hai, jinakI indra aura narendra nirantara sevA kiyA karate hai, aura jinakA smaraNa karane mAtrase hI pApa vilIna ho jAte haiN| kavi jinaharSane apanI 'caubIsI' ke prathama chandameM hI likhA hai, 1. vahI, ahikSita pArzvajina stuti, 20vA~ padya, pR0 162 / 2. paracAha dAha dahayo sadA kabahUM na sAmya sudhA ckhyo| anubhava apUraba svAdu vina nita viSaya rasa cAro bhkhyo|| aba baso mo ura me sadA prabhu, tuma caraNa sevaka rhoN| vara bhakti ati dRDha hoha mere, anya vibhava nahIM choN| bihArIdAsa, jinendrastuti, bRhajjinavANI-saMgraha, samrATa saMskaraNa, madanagaMja, kizanagar3ha, 5vA~ padya, pR0 127-228 } 3. jagatarAma, jaina padAvalI, isI granthakA dUsarA adhyAya, jagatarAma / 4. ziromagNidAsa, dharmasAra, isI granthakA dUsarA adhyAya, ziromaNi rAsa /

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jaina makti-kAvyakA bhAva-pakSa "bhagavAn RSabha jinendrave darzana mAtrase pApa dUra ho jAte hai aura Ananda baDhatA hai| una bhagavAnkI sura, nara aura indra sadaiva sevA kiyA karate hai|" dInatA dInatAkA artha 'vidhiyAnA' nahIM hai, apitu ArAdhyake guNose prabhAvita hokara apanI vinamratA abhivyakta karanA hai| cApalUsI svArthajanya hotI hai, jaba ki dInatAme bhakti-bhAva hI pradhAna hai / cApalUsome vivazatA hai aura dInatAme svt.prerktaa| dInakA hRdaya pAvana hotA hai, jaba ki cApalUsakA apAvana / zrI viyogIharikA kathana hai, "dInabandhukA nivAsa sthAna dIna hRdaya hai| dIna hRdaya hI mandira hai, dIna hRdaya hI masjida hai aura dIna hRdaya hI girajA hai|" dIna apane dInabandhuse yAcanA bhI karatA hai kintu svAbhimAnake sAtha / mahAtmA tulasIdAsane usako mAnI maMganA likhA hai / yaha ho usakI zAna hai| bhUdharadAsake padoMmeM 'dInadayAlu' zabdakA bahuta prayoga huA hai| eka sthAnapara unhoMne bhagavAn jinendrako sambodhana karate hue likhA hai, "he jagataguru ! hamArI eka araja sunie / tuma dInadayAlu ho aura maiM saMsArI dukhiyA hU~ / isa maMsArako cAroM gatiyome ghUmate-ghUmate mujhe anAdikAla bIta gayA aura kiMcinmAtra bhI sukha nahI pA sakA / duHkha-hI-duHkha milate rahe / he jina ! tumhAre suyazako sunakara aba tumhAre pAsa AyA huuN| tuma saMsArake nIti-nipuNa rAjA ho| hamArA nyAya kara diijie|" zrI dyAnatarAyane vinaya-bharA upAlambha, apane dInadayAlu bhagavAnko diyA hai / unhone kahA, "he prabhu ! tuma dInadayAlu kahalAte ho, kintu svayaM to muktime jA baiThe ho aura hama isa saMsArameM mara-khapa rahe hai / hama to mana aura vacanase tIno kAla tumhArA nAma japate hai, aura tuma hame kucha nahIM dene| batAo phira hamArA kyA hAla hogaa| hama bhale bure jo kucha bhI hai, tumhAre 1. dekhyau RSabha jinaMda taba tere pAtika dUri gayo / prathama jinaMda canda kali sura-taru kaMda / sevai sura nara iMda mAnanda bhayau // 1 // de0 / / 2. zrI viyogI hari, dInoMpara prema, 'jIvana aura sAhitya', DaoN. udayamAnusiMha sampAdita, zrIrAma meharA eNDa kampanI, AgarA, jUna 1956, pR0 106 / 3. bhUdharadAsa, vInatI, bRijjinavANI saMgraha, pR0 530 /

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402 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi bhakta hai aura tuma hamArI cAlako jAnate ho| hama koI bhautika vaibhava nahIM cAhate, kevala Apa hamAre rAga-dveSoMko haTA diijie| he prabhu ! hamase kitanI hI bhUleM ho gayI hoM, aura hamane kitane hI pApa kiye hoM, kintu Apa to karuNAke samudra ho / hamako eka bAra aura kevala eka bAra isa saMsArase nikAla lo, basa itanA hI nivedana hai|"1 laghutA ArAdhyake samakSa laghutAko anubhUti sAttvikatAko dyotaka hai| binA usake bhaktakA sira bhagavAnke caraNoMpara jhuka hI nahIM sktaa| laghutAse ahaMkAra haTatA hai aura vinaya utpanna hotI hai| tulasIdAsakI vinayapatrikA-laghutAke bhAvase hI otaprota hai| jaina bhakta kaviyoMko racanAome bhI laghutAkA bhAva hai| __ kavi banArasodAsane bhagavAn jinendrase prArthanA karate hue kahA, "jo kamaThake mAnakA bhaMjana karanevAle, garimA aura gambhIra guNoMke samudra hai, tathA jinake yazakA varNana karake suragurubhI pAra prApta nahI kara sakate, mai ajJAnI unhIke yazako kahanekA prayAsa kara rahA huuN| arthAt bhagavAnkA yaza mahat hai aura merI buddhi alpa / prabhukA svarUpa atyadhika agamya hai aura athAha, mai usako vaise hI nahIM kaha sakatA, jaise dina-andha ulUka ravi-kiranake udyotako nahIM kaha sktaa|" bhaktake pAsa aisI buddhi nahIM jo vaha bhagavAn jinendrako stuti kara sake, kintu phira bhI vaha karatA hai, kyoki kare binA raha nahIM sktaa| pANDe hemarAjane isI bhAvako lekara apanI laghutA abhivyakta kI hai, "mai buddhihIna hote hue bhI Apake caraNoMkI stuti karanekA prayAsa kara rahA hU~, yaha vaisA hI hai jaise ki koI mUrkha bAlaka jalame pratibimbita candrako pakar3anekI icchA karatA hai| Apake agaNya guNoMko kahanA, pralayakAlakI pavanase uddhata samudrako bhujAoMse taira jAnA hai|" apanI laghatA dikhAte hA pANDe rUpacandane 'nirvANa kalyANa ke antameM 1. isI granthakA dUsarA adhyAya, dhaantraay| 2. banArasIdAsa, kalyANamandira stotra bhASA, caupAI 3-4, banArasIvilAsa, jayapura, 1654, pR0 124 / / 3. pANDe hemarAja, bhaktAmara stotra bhASA, caupAI 3-4, bRhajjinavANI saMgraha, 1956 I0, pR0 194 /

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jaina bhakti-kAvyakA mAtra pakSa 403 likhA hai, "buddhi-hIna hote hue bhI mai, bhaktise vivaza hokara hI bhagavAnkI stuti kara sakA hU~ / merA maMgalagIta prabandha, buddhike na hote hue bhI bhakti se hI anuprANita hai / bhakta bhagavAnko stuti karanA cAhatA hai, kintu kaise kare usame sAmarthya to hai hI nahI / isI bhAvako AkarSaka DhaMgase abhivyakta karate hue dyAnatarAyajIne kahA, "he prabhu, mai terI stuti ksi DhaMga se karUM / jaba gaNadhara bhI karate hue pAra prApta nahI kara pAte, to phira merI buddhi kyA hai / indra janma-bhara sahasra jihvAoM ko dhAraNa kara tumhAre yazako kahatA hai, phira bhI pUrA nahI kaha pAtA / phira bhalA maiM eka jihvAme use kahaneme kaise samartha ho sakatA hU~ / merA yaha prayAsa vaisA hI hogA, jaise ullU sUryake guNoMko kahanekA upakrama kare / he bhagavan ! tumhAre guNoko kahanekA vacanoMme vaise bala nahI hai, jaise netroMmeM AkAzake tAre ginanekI zakti nahIM hotI / " ""prabhu maiM kihi vidhi zruti karauM terI / gaNadhara kahata pAra nahiM pAbai, kahA buddhi hai merI // prabhu0 // 1 // zakra janama bhari sahasa jIbha dhari tuma jasa hota na pUrA / eka jIbha kaiseM guNagAvai ulU kahai kimi sUrA // prabhu0 // 2 // camara chatra siMhAsana baranoM, ye guNa tumateM nyAre / tuma guNa kahata vacanabala nAhIM naina ginai kimi tAre // prabhu0 // 3 // 2 ArAdhya kI mahimA ArAdhya kI mahimAkI svIkRtike binA vinayakA bhAva nibha hI nahIM sakatA / jabataka bhakta ArAdhyake guNoMpara trimugdha na hogA, usakI upAsanAme na to ekatAnatA AyegI aura na sacAI / ArAdhyakI mahimAkI anubhUti jitanI gaharI hotI jAyegI bhaktakA hRdaya utanA hI punIta aura ArAdhyamaya ho jAyegA / upAsyake guNoMkI carama anubhUti pUjya aura pUjakake bhedako miTA detI hai / solahavIM zatAbdI ke kavi padmatilakane 'garbha vicAra stotra' kA nirmANa kiyA thA, jisame bhagavAn jinendrakI mahimAkA varNana karate hue unhone likhA hai, 1. mai matihIna bhagativasa bhAvana bhAiyA / maMgala gIta prabandha su nijaguMNa gAiyA || pANDe rUpacandra, maMgalagIta prabandha, nirvANakalyANaka, 25vA~ padya, jJAnapITha pUjAMjali, pR0 103 / 2. dyAnatarAya, dyAnatapada saMgraha, kalakattA, 45 vA~ pada, pR0 11-20 /

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401 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi "he bhagavan ! tumhArA darzana karane mAtrase hI mujhe aisA vidita hotA hai jaise ki uttama cintAmaNi hI mila gayI ho, jaise hamAre AMganame kalpavRkSa vividha phalose phara gayA ho aura jaise hamAre gharame suradhenukA hI avatAra ho gayA ho| jisa kimIne bhagavAna RSabhanAthako apanI bhaktise prasanna kara liyA, usakI sabhI manovAMchita abhilApAe~ sahajame hI pUrI ho jAtI hai|" isI zatAbdIke eka dUsare kavi merunandana upAdhyAyane apane 'sImandhara jinastavanam'me svAmI somandharako mahimApara vimohita hokara likhA hai, "una jinendra bhagavAnko jaya ho, jinake vacanoMme itanA amRta bharA hai ki usake samakSa candrakA amRtakuNDa bhI tuccha-sA pratibhAsita hotA hai| bhagavAnke netra komala aura vizAla kamalako bhaoNti hai / deva dundubhiyAM sadA bhagavAnkI mahimAko udghoSita karatI rahatI hai / bhagavAn ananta guNoMke pratIka hai, aura unakA kRpA-kaTAkSa pala-bharameM hI bhaktako saMsAra-samudrase pAra kara detA hai| bhaktako pUrA vizvAsa hai ki aise bhagavAnko praNAma karanese, mana nirAlamba rahakara, cakRta hokara daur3a nahIM paayegaa| use avalamba milegA aura vaha bhava-samudrako pAra kara legaa|"2 sattarahavI zatAbdIke kavi tribhuvanacandrane, 'anityapaMcAzata' meM paramAtamakI jaya-jayakAra karate hue kahA hai, "jisakA svarUpa pAvana hai, mUti anupama hai aura jisakI vANI karuNAse bharI huI hai, una saMyamavanta bhagavAnne eka vIra yoddhAkI bhA~ti apane hRdayame dhairyarUpI vanuSako dhAraNa kiyA hai| usase tIkSNa bANoMko choDa chor3akara ve apane zatru mohakA vadha karate haiN| saMsArame aise paramAtama rUpa bhagavAnko sadA jaya-jayakAra hove / "3 aThArahavIM zatAbdIke kavi vinodIlAlane apane 'caturvizati jina stavana savaiyyA me bhagavAna AdinAthakI mahimAkA ullekha karate hue likhA hai, "jisake caraNAravindakI pUjA karaneke lie bar3e-bar3e surendra, indra aura devoMke samUha AyA karate hai, aura jisake cAroM ora candra-jaisI AbhA chiTakI rahatI hai, jisake nakhopara karor3oM sUryokI kiraNeM nyauchAvara kI jA sakatI hai, aura jisake mukhako dekhakara kAmadevako zobhA bhI parAjita ho jAtI hai, jisakI 1. dasaNa tumha vihANa accha citAmaNi caDiyau / surataru aMgaNi amha accha vivihappari phliyu|| surahaMdheNu aMgaNihiM NAha amhahaM avayariyau / jai bhedya u siri risahaNAha maNavaMchiya sariyau / / paJcatilaka, garmavicArastotra, vaoN padya / 2. merunandana upAdhyAya, sImandhara jinastavanam , isI granthakA dUsarA adhyAya / 3. tribhuvanacandra, anityapaMcAzata, prathama padya, prazasti saMgraha, jayapura, pRSTha 201 /

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jaina bhakti kAvyakA mAtra pakSa uttama deh darpaNakI bhA~ti camakatI hai, aura usameM sAta bhava sAkSAt dikhAI dete haiM, aise bhagavAn nAbhinandanako hamArA trikAla namaskAra ho / " isI zatAbdI kavi jinahane likhA hai, "bhagavAn AdinAthakI sura, nara aura indra sabhI sevA karate hai / unake darzana karane mAtrase hI pApa dUra bhAga jAte hai| kaliyuga ke lie to ve kalpavRkSa kI bhA~ti hai / sArA saMsAra unake caraNoMpara jhukatA hai / unakI mahimA aura kIrti itanI adhika hai ki koI usakA pAra nahI pA sakatA / saba sthAnoMpara jinarAjakI jyoti jagamagA rahI hai| ve bhava-samudrako pAra karaneke lie jahAjakI bhA~ti hai / prabhujIko chavi mohanI aura anUpa hai, unakA rUpa adbhuta hai aura ve dharmake sacce rAjA hai / hamAre netra jyoM hI bhagavAnko dekhate hai ki sukhake bAdala barasa par3ate hai / " "dekhyau RSabha jinaMda taba tere pAtika dUri gayau, prathama jinaMda candra kali sura-taru kaMda / sabai sura nara iMda Ananda bhayauM / jAke mahimA kIrati sAra prasiddha bar3hI saMsAra, koU na lahata pAra jagatra nayo / paMcama Are meM bhAja jAgai jyoti jinarAja, bhavasiMdhu ko jihAja ANi kai Thayo // baNyA adbhuta rUpa, mohanI chabi anUpa, dharama kau sAcau bhUpa, prabhujI jayau / kahai jina haraSita nayaNa mAre nirakhita, sukha ghana barasata iti udayau // 2 405 anyase mahattA bhakti kAlake sabhI kaviyoMne apane-apane ArAdhyako anyoMse kahIM adhika mahimAvAn batalAyA hai, aura jaina kavi bhI usake apavAda rUpa nahIM hai / bhakta kaviyoM kA yaha bhAva unakI anudAratAkA nahIM, apitu ananyatAkA sUcaka hai / sattarahavIM zatAbdIke pANDe hemarAjane 'bhaktAmara stotra bhASA' meM Adi prabhukI stuti karate hue likhA hai, "he bhagavan ! jo jJAna Apame suzobhita hotA hai, vaha 1. vinodIlAla, caturviMzati jinastavana savaiyA, rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthoMkI khoja, caturthaM bhAga, sAhitya saMsthAna, udayapura, 1654 pR0 118 | 2. jinaharSa, caubIsI, pahalA pada, rAjasthAnameM hindIke hasta likhita granthoMkI khoja, cauthA bhAga, pR0 123-124 / 52

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106 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi viSNu aura mahAdevameM nahIM ho sktaa| bhalA jo camaka mahArataname hotI hai, vaha kAMca ke Tukar3emeM kahA~se pAyI jA sakatI hai / " kavi bihArIdAsane bhI 'AtamA' rUpI devakI AratI karate hue kahA hai, "brahmA, viSNu aura mahezvara sadaiva jisakA dhyAna lagAte hai aura sampUrNa sAdhu jisakA guNa gAte haiM, maiM usa 'AtamadevA'kI AratI karatA huuN|"2 kavi dyAnatarAyane eka padame bhagavAn neminAthako mahAn jJAnI aura votarAgo batAte hue yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki unake samAna anya koI deva nahIM hai| unakA kathana hai, "he bhagavan neminAtha ! isa vizvameM tumhI sabase adhika jJAnI ho / tumhI hamAre deva aura guru ho| tumhArI kRpAse hI hamane sakala dravyoMko jAna liyA hai / hamane tInoM bhuvanoMko chAna DAlA hai, kintu tumhAre samAna anya koI deva dikhAI nahIM diyA / saMsArameM anya jitane bhI devatA hai saba rAgI, dveSI, kAmI athavA mAnI hai, kintu Apa vItarAgI aura akaSAyI ho / navayauvanasampannA rAjula rAnIko chor3akara tumane jisa indriya-jayakA paricaya diyA thA, anya koI deva nahIM de sakA / he bhagavan, mujhe isa saMsArase nikAla lo, hama garIba prANI haiN|" bhagavAn jinendrakI vANIko anya devoMkI mithyAvANIse uttama batAte hue bhUdharadAsane likhA hai, "Aka aura gAyake dUdhame ghanerA antara hai / bhalA kahA~ kauvekI vANI aura kahAM koyalako tter| kahAM bhArI bhAnu aura kahA~ vicArA agiyA, kahAM pUnokA ujelA aura kahA~ mAvasakA aNdheraa| yadi 1. jo subodha sohai tuma mAhiM / hari hara Adika me so nAhiM // jo duti mahAratana mai hoya / kAca khaMDa pAvai nahiM soya // pANDe hemarAja, bhaktAmara stotra bhASA, 20vaoN padya, bRhajjinavANI saMgraha, 1956 I0, pR0 166 / 2. brahmA viSNu mahezvara dhyAveM / sAdhu sakala jiha~ ko guNa gAvai // karauM AratI Atama devA / guNa parajAya ananta abhevA // bihArIdAsa, AtmAkI bhAratI, bRhajjinavANI saMgraha, 1956 I0, pR0 520 / 3. jJAnI jJAnI jJAnI, nemi jI ! tuma hI ho jJAnI // tumhI deva guru tumhI hamAre, sakala daraba jAnI ||jnyaanii0||1|| tuma samAna kou deva na dekhyA, tIna bhavana chAnI / Apa tare bhava jIvani tAre, mamatA nahiM AnI ||jnyaano0||2|| aura deva saba rAgI dveSI, kAmI kai maanii|| tuma ho vItarAga akaSAyI, taji rAjula rAnI jnyaano0||3|| dyAnatarAya nikAsa jagata teM, hama garIba prAnI ||jnyaanii0||4|| dyAnatarAyapadasaMgraha, kalakattA, 28vA~ pada, pR0 12 //

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jaina bhakti kAvyakA bhAva-pakSa koI pArakhI nihArakara dekhe to use jena baina aura anya bainome spaSTa antara dikhAI degA / " "kaise kari ketakI kanera eka kahI jAya, Aka dUdha gAya dUdha antara ghanera hai / pIro hota rI rI pai na rIsa karai kaMcana kI, kahAM kA vAMNI kahAM koyala kI Tera hai / kahAM mAna mArau kahAM agiyA vicArau kahA~, pUnau ko ujAro kahAM mAvasa andhera hai / paccha chori pArakhI nihAra neka nIke kari, jaina baina aura baina itanoM hI phera hai // ' "1 407 nAma-japa bhagavAn ke nAma-japakI mahimAko sabhI bhakta kaviyoMne eka svarase svIkAra kiyA hai / tulasIko 'vinaya-patrikA' kA eka bahuta bar3A aMza bhagavAnke nAmakI mahattAse bharA huA hai| jaina kaviyoMne bhI jinendrake nAma- gata camatkArako svIkAra kiyA hai / unako dRSTime bhagavAn ke nAmase mokSa prApta hotA hai | bhagavAn ke nAmase cakravartIkA pada milanA to bahuta hI AsAna hai / arthAt nAma-japase ihaloka aura paraloka donoM hI sadhate haiM / sattarahavIM zatAbdIke kavi kumudacandrane 'bharata bAhubalI chanda ke ArambhameM hI maMgalAcaraNa karate hue likhA hai, "maiM usa AdIzvara prabhuke caraNoMme praNAma karatA hU~, jisake nAma lene mAtrase hI saMsArakA pherA chUTa jAtA hai / arthAt yaha jIva bhava bhramaNase mukta ho jAtA hai / " zrI kuzalalAbhane apane 'navakAra chanda me paMcaparameSThIke nAmakI mahattAkA bakhAna karate hue likhA hai, " jo nitya prati 'navakAra' ko japatA hai, usako saMsArakI saMpattiyA~ to mila ho jAtI hai, aura zAzvata siddhi bhI upalabdha hotI hai, " isI zatAbdIke kavi manarAmane 'manarAma vilAsa me likhA hai / "arahantake nAmase ATha karmarUpI 1. jainazataka, 16vaoN pada, kalakattA, pR0 5-6 / 2. paNavivi pada AdIzvara kerA, jeha nAmeM chUTe bhava pherA / kumudacanda, bharatabAhubali chanda, pahalA padya, prazastisaMgraha, jayapura, 1650, pR0 243 / 3. kuzalalAbha, navakAra chanda, antimakalaza, jaina gurjarakavioo, pahalA bhAga, bambaI, 1626 I0, pR0 216 /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi zatru naSTa ho jAte hai, aura 'siddha'ke bhajanase saba kAma siddha ho jAte hai| AcAryakI bhavitase sadguNokA samAveza hotA hai / upAdhyAyake dhyAnase 'upAdhyAya'jaise bana jAte hai, aura sAdhuoke smaraNase saba manokAmanAeM pUrI ho jAtI hai| isa bhA~ti paMcaparameSThIke nAmamantrakA jApa isa jIvako nijadhAma arthAt mokSa prApta karA detA hai|" zrI yazovijayajIne 'Anandadhana aSTapadI'ke eka padyamai likhA hai, "are o cetana ! tU isa saMsArake bhramame kyoM phaMsA huA hai| bhagavAn jinendrake nAmakA bhajana kara / sadgurune bhI bhagavAnke nAma japanekA hI upadeza diyA hai|" dyAnatarAyane apane manako samajhAte hue likhA hai, "he mana ! tU dInadayAlu bhagavAn jinendrako bhaja, jisakA nAma lenese kSaNamAtrame karoDo pApoke jAla kaTa jAte hai| jisake nAmako indra, phaNIndra aura cakradhara bhI gAte hai, tathA jisake nAnarUpI jJAna ke prakAzase mithyA jAla svataH hI naSTa ho jAtA hai / jisake nAmake samAna Urdhva, madhya aura pAtAla lokame bhI koI nahIM hai, usIke nAmako nitya prati japo aura vikarAla viSayoMko chor3a do|" raM mana ! maja maja dInadayAla // jAke nAma leta ika china maiM, kaTeM koTa agha jAla ||re mana0 // indra phaninda cakradhara gAveM, jAko nAma rasAla / jAko nAma jJAna parakAsa, nAzai mithyA jAla // re mana0 // jAke nAma samAna nahIM kachu, Uradha madhya patAla / soI nAma japoM nita dhAnata, chor3i viSaya vikarAla // re mana0 // 3 1. karamAdika arina ko harai arahaMta nAma, siddha karai kAja saba siddha ko bhajana hai| uttama suguna guna Acarata jAkI saMga, ___ AcAraja bhagati vasata jAkai mana hai| upAdhyAya dhyAna te upAdhi sama hota, sAdha paripUraNa ko sumarana hai| paMca parameSThI ko namaskAra maMtrarAja, dhAvai manarAma joI pAvai nijadhana hai / / manarAma, manarAma vilAsa, padya 1, mandira TholiyAna jayapurakI hastalikhita prati / 2. jinavara nAmasAra bhaja Atama, kahA bharama saMsAre / suguru vacana pratIta bhaye taba, Anandaghana upagAre / / kAyA0 / / yazovijaya, Anandadhana aSTapadI, Anandadhana bahattarI, rAyacandra granthamAlA, bambaI / 3. yAnata padasaMgraha, kalakattA, 66vA~ pada, pR0 28 /

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jaina bhakti kAvyakA bhAva-pakSa zAntabhAva pahaleke AcAryoMne 'zAnti' ko sAhitya me anirvacanIya AnandakA vidhAyaka nahI mAnA thA, kintu 'paNDitarAja' ke akATya tarkoM ne use bhI rasake padapara pratiSThita kiyA / tabase abhItaka usakI gaNanA rasome hotI calI A rahI hai / use milAkara nau rasa mAne jAte hai| jainAcAryoMne bhI inhI nau rasoko svIkAra kiyA hai, kintu unhoMne zRMgArake sthAnapara zAntako 'rasa-rAja' mAnA hai| unakA kathana hai ki anirvacanIya AnandakI saccI anubhUti, rAga-dveSa nAmaka manovikAra ke upazama ho jAnepara hI hotI hai / rAga-dveSase sambandhita anya ATha rasoke sthAyI bhAvoMse utpanna hue Anandame vaha gaharApana nahI hotA, jo 'zAnta' me pAyA jAtA hai| sthAyI AnandakI dRSTise to 'zAnta' ho, eka mAtra rasa hai / kavi vanArasIdAsane 'navoM sAnta rasani ko nAyaka' mAnA hai|' unhoMne to ATha rasoMkA antarbhAva bhI zAntarasame hI kiyA hai| DaoNkTara bhagavAnadAsane bhI apane 'rasa mImAMsA' nAmake nibandhame, anekAneka saMskRta udAharaNoMke sAtha, 'zAnta' ko rasarAja siddha kiyA hai / jahA~taka bhaktikA sambandha hai, jaina aura ajaina samIne 'zAnta' ko hI pradhAnatA dI hai / yadi zANDilyake matAnusAra 'parAnuraktirIzvare' hI bhakti hai, to yaha bhI Thoka hai ki Izvarame 'parAnuraktiH' tabhI ho sakatI hai, jaba aparakI anurakti samApta ho / arthAt jIvako manaHpravRtti saMsArake anya padArthosa anurAga-hIna hokara, Izvarame anurAga karane lage, tabhI vaha bhakti haiM, anyathA nahIM / aura saMsArako asAra, anitya tathA duHkhamaya mAnakara manakA AtmA athavA paramAtmAmeM kendrita ho jAnA hI zAnti hai / isa bhA~ti Izvarame 'parAnurakti : ' kA artha bhI zAnti hI huA / svAmI sanAtana devajIne 'apane bhAva bhaktikI bhUmikAe~' nAmaka nibandhame likhA hai, "bhagavadanurAga bar3hanese anya vastu aura vyaktiyoMke prati maname vairAgya ho jAnA bhI svAbhAvika hI hai / bhakti - zAstrame bhagavatpremakI isa prArambhika avasthAkA nAma ho zAntabhAva hai / " nAradane bho 409 1. prathama siMgAra vIra dUjo rasa, tIjI rasa karunA sukhadAyaka / hAsya caturtha rudra rasa paMcama, chaTTama rasa bIbhaccha vibhAyaka // / saptama bhaya amarasa adbhuta, navamo zAnta rasani ko nAyaka / e natra rasa eI nava nATaka, jo jahaM magana soi tihi lAyaka || banArasIdAsa, nATaka samayasAra, paM0 buddhilAla zrAvakakI TIkAsahita jaina grantharatnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, 10 / 133, pR0 361 | 2. svAmI sanAtanadevajI, bhAvabhaktikI bhUmikAeN, kalyANa, bhakti vizeSAMka, varSa 320 ka 1, pR0 366

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410 hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi apane 'bhaktisUtra'me 'sA tvasmin parama premarUpA amRtasvarUpA ca'ko bhakti mAnA hai| isame par3e hue 'parama prema se yaha hI dhvani nikalatI hai ki saMsArase vairAgyonmukha hokara ekamAtra Izvarase prema kiyA jaaye| zAntime bhI vairAgyakI ho pradhAnatA hai / 'bhakti rasAmRtasindhu'me 'anyAbhilApitAzUnyaM kRSNAnuzIlanaM uttamA bhaktiH / uparyukta kathanakA hI samarthana karatI hai| yaha kahanA upayukta nahIM hai ki anuraktime sadaiva jalana hotI hai, cAhe vaha Izvarake prati ho athavA saMsArake, kyoki donoMme mahadantara hai| sAsArika anurikta du.khakI pratIka hai aura IzvarAnurikta divya sukhako janma detI hai| pahalIme jalana hai, to dUsarIme zItalatA, pahalImeM apAvanatA hai, to dUsarome pvitrtaa| aura pahalome punaH punaH bhramaNako bAta hai, to dUsarIme mukta ho jAnekI bhuumikaa| jainAcArya zAntike parama samarthaka the| unhone eka matase, rAga-dveSose vimukha hokara vItarAgI pathapara bar3haneko hI zAnti kahA hai| use prApta karaneke do upAya hai - tattva-cintana aura votarAgiyoMkI bhakti / vItarAgame kiyA gayA anurAga sAdhAraNa rAgakI koTima nahIM AtA, usakA vivecana pahale adhyAyame ho cukA hai| unhone zAntabhAvako cAra avasthAeM svIkAra kI hai - prathama avasthA vaha hai jaba manakI pravRtti, duHkharUpAtmaka saMsArase haTakara Atma-zodhanako ora muDatI hai| yaha vyApaka aura mahattvapUrNa dazA hai| dUsarI avasthAme usa pramAdakA pariSkAra kiyA jAtA hai, jisake kAraNa saMsArake sukha-duHkha satAte hai / tIsarI avasthA vaha hai jaba ki kaSAya-vAsanAokA pUrNa abhAva honepara nirmala AtmAkI anubhUti hotI hai| cautho avasthA kevalajJAnake utpanna honepara pUrNa AtmAnubhUtiko kahate hai / ye cAroM avasthAeM AcArya vizvanAthake dvArA kahI gayI yukta, viyukta aura yukta-viyukta dazAoke samAna mAnI jA sakatI hai| iname sthita 'zama' bhAva ho rasatAko prApta hotA hai| 1. dekhie 'nAradaproktaM bhaktimUtram', khelADIlAla aiNDa sanja, vArANasI, pahalA sUtra / 2. bhaktirasAmRta sindhu, gosvAmI dAmodara zAstrI sampAdita, acyuta granthamAlA ___ kAryAlaya, kAzI, vi0 saM0 1988, prathama saMskaraNa / 3. yuktaviyuktadazAyAmavasthito yaH zamaH sa eva ytH| rasatAmeti tadasminsaMcAryAdeH sthitizca na viruddhA // AcArya vizvanAtha, sAhityadarpaNa, zAligrAma zAstrIkI hindI vyAkhyA sahita, lakhanaU, dvitIyAvRtti, vi0 saM0 1661, 1250, pRSTha 168 /

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111 jaina bhakti-kAvyakA mAva-pakSa jainAcAryoMne 'mukti dazA me 'rasatA'ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai, yadyapi vahA~ virAjita pUrNa zAntiko mAnA hai| arthAta sarvajJa yA arhanta jabataka isa saMsAra meM hai, tabhItaka unakI 'zAnti' zAntarasa kahalAtI hai, siddha yA mukta honepara nahIM / 'abhivAnarAjendrakoza'me 'rasa'ko paribhASA batAte hue likhA hai, "rasyante antarAtmanA'nubhUyante iti rasAH'' arthAt antarAtmA kI anubhUtiko rasa kahate haiM / siddhAvasthAme antarAtmA anubhUtise Upara uThakara AnandakA puMja hI ho jAtI hai, ataH anubhUtiko AvazyakatA ho nahIM rhtii| jainAcArya vAgbhaTane apane 'vAgbhaTAlaMkAra'me rasakA nirUpaNa karate hue likhA hai, "vimAvairanumAvaizca, sAttvikaidyamicArimiH / bhAropyamANa utkarSa sthAyImAvaH smRto rasaH / "" arthAt vibhAva, anubhAva, sAttvika aura vyabhicAriyoMke dvArA utkarSako prApta huA sthAyI bhAva hI rasa kahalAtA hai| siddhAvasthAme vibhAva, anubhAva aura vyabhicArI Adi bhAvoMke abhAvameM rasa nahIM bana paataa| ___jaina AcAryoMne bhI anya sAhitya-zAstriyoMkI bhAMti hI 'zama' ko zAntarasakA sthAyIbhAva mAnA hai / bhagavajjinasenane 'alaMkAracintAmaNi' meM 'zama'ko vizada karate hue likhA hai, "virAgatvAdinA nirvikAramanastvaM zama.", arthAt virakti Adike dvArA manakA nirvikArI honA zama hai| yadyapi AcArya mammaTane 'nirveda'ko 'zAnta-rasa' kA sthAyI bhAva mAnA hai, kintu unhone, 'tattvajJAnajanyanirvedasyaiva zamarUpatvAt' likhakara nirvedako zama rUpa hI svIkAra kiyA hai| AcArya vizvanAthane zama aura nirvedame bhinnatA mAnI hai aura unhoMne pahalekI sthAyI bhAvame aura dUsareko saMcArI bhAvame gaNanA kI haiN| jainAcAryoMne vairAgyotattike do kAraNa mAne hai - tattvajJAna, issttviyog-anissttsNyog| isame pahalese utpanna huA vairAgya sthAyI bhAva hai aura dUsarA sNcaarii| isa bhA~ti unakA abhimata bhI AcArya mammaTase hI milatA-julatA hai| isake sAtha-sAtha unhoMne mammaTa tathA vizvanAthakI bhAMti hI anitya jagatko Alambana, jainamandira, jainatIrthakSetra, jainamUrti aura jainasAdhuko uddIpana, dhRtyAdikoMko saMcArI tathA kAma, krodha, lobha, 1. dekhie, amidhAnarAjendrakoza, 'rasa' zabda / 2. AcArya vAgbhaTa, vaagbhttaalNkaar| 3. bhagavajjinasenAcArya, alaMkAracintAmaNi / 4. AcArya mammaTa, kAvyaprakAza, caukhambA saMskRta granthamAlA, saMkhyA 56, 1927 I0, caturtha ullAsa, pR0 164 / 5. prAcArya vizvanAtha, sAhityadarpaNa, zAligrAma zAstrIkI vyAkhyAsahita, lakhanaU, 3 / 245-246, pR0 166 /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi mohake abhAva arthAt sarvasamatvako anubhAva mAnA hai|| jaina AcAryone zAntarasako jisa rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA, jaina kaviyone usakA sacce arthoMme nirvAha bhI kiyaa| unhone zAntikI oTameM vilAsitAko ora A~kha uThAkara dekhA bhI nahIM, umako prazraya denekI bAta to jahA~-tahAM rhii| zrRMgAra rasa-rAja bhale ho, kintu bhaktike kSetrameM to use gauNapada hI milanA cAhie, kintu na jAne kaise jayadevake samayase eka aisA vikRta pravAha baha paDA, jo ki apane prakhara vegake kAraNa kabhI rukA hI nhiiN| vidyApatikI rAdhAkI spaSTa aura mukharita vilAsitAko to ravIndranAtha ThAkurane bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| 'sUrasAgara meM kahIM-kahI aise azlIla sthala hai ki zAlIna manako rucate nhiiN| __ jainoMke bhakti-kAvyoMma yadi eka ora sAMsArika rAga-dveSoMse virakti hai, to dUsarI ora bhagavAnse carama-zAntikI yAcanA / unako zAnti to cAhie kintu asthAyI nhiiN| ve usa zAntike upAsaka hai jo kabhI pRthak na ho / jaba taka manase duvidhA na miTegI, vaha kabhI bhI gAntikA anubhava nahIM kara sktaa| aura yaha duvidhA nijanAtha niraMjanake sumirana karanese hI dUra ho sakatI hai| kavi banArasIdAsa apanI cintA vyakta karate hue kahate hai, "na jAne kaba hamAre netracAtaka akSaya-padarUpI dhanakI bUMdeM cakha sakeMge, tabhI unako nirAkula zAnti milegii| aura na jAne vaha ghar3I kaba AyegI jaba hRdayameM samatA-bhAva jgegaa| hRdayake andara jabataka suguruke vacanoMke prati dRDha zraddhA utpanna nahIM hogI, paramArtha sukha nahIM mila sktaa| usake lie eka aiso lAlasAkA utpanna honA bhI anivArya hai, jisame ghara chor3akara banameM jAnekA bhAva udita huA ho|" 1. kaba nijanAya niraMjana sumiro, taja sevA jana-jana kI, dubidhA kaba jai hai yA mana kI // 1 // kaba ruci sauM pIveM dRga cAtaka, bUda akhayapada dhana kii| kaba zubha dhyAna gharauM samatA gahi, karUM na mamatA tana kI, duvidhA0 // 2 // kaba ghaTa antara rahai nirantara, diDhatA suguru vacana kI, kaba sukha lahauM bheda paramAratha, miTai dhAranA dhana kI, duvidhA0 // 3 //

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jaina bhakti-kAvyakA bhAva-pakSa 413 kavi banArasIdAsane zAntarasako Atmika rasa kahA hai, usakA AsvAdana karanese parama Ananda milatA hai| vaha Ananda kAmadhena, citrAveli aura paMcAmRta bhojanake samAna samajhanA caahie| isa Anandako sAkSAt karanevAlA cetana jisake ghaTame virAjatA hai, usa jinarAjako banArasIdAsane vandanA kI hai| yaha jIva saMsArake bIcame bhaTakatA phiratA hai, kintu use zAnti nahIM miltii| vaha apane aSTAdaza doSose prapIr3ita hai aura AkulatA use satAtI hI rahatI hai / bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsakA kathana hai, "he jIva ! isa saMmArake asaMkhya koTi sAgarako pIkara bhI tU pyAsA hI hai aura isa saMsArake dIpoMmeM jitanA anna bharA hai, usako khAkara bhI tU bhUkhA hI hai| yaha saba kucha aThAraha doSoke kAraNa hai / ve tabhI jIte jA sakate hai jaba tU bhagavAn jinendrakA dhyAna kare aura usI pathakA anusaraNa kare, jisapara ve svayaM cale the|" 'bhaiyA' kI dRSTi se aSTAdaza doSa ho kaba ghara chor3a hohu~ ekAkI, liye lAlasA bana kI, aiso dazA hoya kaba merI, hauM bali bali vA chana ko, dubidhaa0||4|| banArasI vilAsa, jayapura, 1654, adhyAtmapadapaMkti, 13vA~ pada, pR0 231-232 / 1. anubhau ko keli yaha kAmadhenu citrA beli, anubhau ko svAdu paMca amRta ko kaura hai // banArasIdAsa, nATaka samayasAra, bambaI, utthAnikA, 16vA~ padya, pR0 17-18 / 2. satya-sarUpa sadA jinha ke, pragaTyau avadAta mithyAta nikadana / sAMta dasA tinha kI pahicAni, kare kara jori banArasi baMdana // vahI, maMgalAcaraNa, chaThA padya, pRSTha 7 / 3. je to jala loka madhya sAgara asaMkhya koTi te to jala piyo paina pyAsa yAkI gayI hai| jete nAja dopa madhya bhare hai avAra Dhera, tete nAja khAyo toU bhUkha yAkI naI hai| tAta dhyAna tAko kara jAte yaha jA~ya hara, aSTAdaza doSa Adi ye hI jota laI hai| vahe paMtha tU hI sAji aSTAdaza jAhiM bhAji, hoya baiThi mahArAja tohi sIkha daI hai // 'bhaiyA' bhagavatIdAsa, brahma vilAsa, jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, 1926 I0, zata aSThottarI, 106 vaoN kavitta, pR0 32 /

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414 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi azAntike kAraNa hai aura ve bhagavAn jinake dhyAnase jIte jA sakate hai| tabhI yaha jova usa zAntikA anubhava karegA, jo bhagavAn jinendrame sAkSAt hI ho uThI thii| bhaiyAkA spaSTa abhimata hai ki rAga-dveSame prema karaneke hI kAraNa yaha jIva apane paramAtma-svarUpake darzanoMkA Ananda nahI le paataa| arthAt vaha cidAnandake sukhase dUra hI rahatA hai / rAga-dveSakA mukhya kAraNa hai moha, isalie mohake nivAraNase rAga-dveSa svayaM naSTa ho jAyeMge, aura rAga-dveSoMke Talanese moha to yatkicit bhI na raha paayegaa| karmakI upAdhiko samApta karanekA bhI yaha hI eka upAya hai| jaDake ukhADa DAlanese bhalA vRkSa kaise Thahara sakatA hai / aura phira to usake DAla, pAta, phala aura phUla bhI kumhalA jaayeNge| tabhI cidAnandakA prakAza hogA aura yaha jIva siddhAvasthAmeM ananta sukha vilasa skegaa|" moha ke nivAre rAga dveSahU nivAreM jAhiM, rAga dveSa TAreM moha neka hU na paaie| karma kI upAdhi ke nivArive ko peMca yahai, jar3a ke ukhAreM vRkSa kaise tthhraaie|| DAra pAta phala-phUla sabai kumhalAya jAya, karmana ke vRkSana ko aise ke nsaaie| tabai hoya cidAnanda pragaTa prakAza rUpa, bilasai ananta sukha siddha meM kahAie // ' __ananta sukha hI parama zAnti hai| bhaiyAne eka sundarase padame jaina matako zAnti rasakA mata kahA hai| zAntiko bAta karanevAle hI jJAnI hai, anya to saba ajJAnI ho kahe jaayeNge| bhUdharadAsajoke svAmIko zaraNa to isIlie saccI hai ki ve samartha aura sampUrNa zAnti pradAyaka guNoM se yukta hai| bhUdharadAsako unakA bahuta bar3A bharosA hai| unhoMne janma-jarA Adi bairiyoMko jota liyA hai aura maranakI Tevase chuTakArA pA gaye haiN| unase bhUdharadAsa ajara aura amara bananekI prArthanA karate hai| kyoMki jabataka yaha manuSya saMsArake janma-maraNase chuTakArA nahIM pAyegA, zAnti prApta nahIM kara sakatA / jaina-paramparAmeM devoMko amara nahIM kahate / yahAM amaratAkA 1. vahI, mithyAtva vidhvaMsanacaturdazI, pvA~ kavitta, pR0 121 / 2. zAnti rasa vAre kaha mata ko nivAre rhaiN| veI prAnapyAre raheM aura saba vAre hai / / vahI, Izvara nirNaya paccIsI, chaThA kavitta, pRSTha 253 /

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jaina bhakti kAvyakA bhAva-pakSa artha hai mokSa, jahA~ kisI prakArako AkulatA nahI hotii| aiso zAnti vaha hI de sakatA hai, jisane svayaM prApta kara lI hai / ve saMsArI 'sAhiba', jo bArambAra janamate haiM, marate haiM, aura jo svayaM bhikhArI haiM, dUsaroMkA dAridrya kaise hara sakate hai / bhagavAn 'zAnti jinanda' jo svayaM zAntike pratIka hai, sahajame hI apane sevako ke bhava-dvandvoMko hara sakate haiM / bhUdharadAsa unhI se aisA karanekI yAcanA bhI karate haiM / yaha jIva sAMsArika kRtyoke karanemeM to bahuta hI utAvalA rahatA hai, kintu bhagavAnke sumaranameM sIrA ho jAtA hai / jaise karma karatA hai, vaise phala milate hai / karma karatA hai azAnti aura AkulatAke, kintu phalame zAnti aura nirAkulatA cAhatA hai, jo ki pUrNarItyA asambhava hai / Aka boyegA, Ama kaise mileMge, naga hIrA nahI ho sakatA / jaise yaha jIva viSayoMke binA eka kSaNa bhI nahI raha sakatA, vaise hI yadi prabhuko nirantara jape to sAsArika azAntiko pAra kara nizcaya zAnti pA sakatA hai / 3 415 zantibhAvako spaSTa karaneke lie bhUdharadAsane eka pRthak hI DhaMga apanAyA hai / ve sAsArika vaibhavoMkI kSaNikatAko dikhAkara aura tajjanya becainIko udghoSita kara cupa ho jAte hai aura usame se zAntikI dhvani, saMgItakI jhaMkArakI tarahase phUTatI hI rahatI hai / dhana aura yauvanake madame unmatta jIvoMko sambodhana karate hue unhoMne kahA, "e nipaTa gaMvAra nara ! tujhe ghamaNDa nahI karanA cAhie / manuSyakI yaha kAyA aura mAyA jhUThI hai arthAt kSaNika hai / yaha suhAga aura yauvana kitane samayakA hai, aura kitane dina isa saMsArame jIvita rahanA hai / he nara ! tU zIghra hI ceta jA aura bilamba chor3a de / kSaNa-kSaNapara tere baMdha bar3hate jAyeMge, aura terA pala-pala aisA bhArI ho jAyegA, jaise bhIganepara kAlI kamarI / " bhUdharadAsane eka dUsare padame parivartanazIlatAkA sundara dRzya aMkita kiyA hai| unhone kahA, "isa saMsAra me eka ajaba tamAzA ho rahA hai, jisakA sthAyitva kAla svapnakI bhA~ti hai, arthAt yaha tamAzA svapnakI taraha zIghra hI samApta bhI ho jAyegA / ekake gharame manakI AzAke pUrNa ho jAnese maMgala-gIta hote hai, aura dUsare gharame kisIke viyogake kAraNa naina nirAzA se bhara-bharakara rote haiM / jo teja turaMgoMpara car3hakara calate the, aura khAsA tathA malamala pahanate the, ve hI dUsare kSaNa nage hokara phirate haiM, aura unako dilAsA denevAlA bhI 1. bhUdharadAsa, bhUdhara vilAsa, kalakattA, 53vA~ pada, pR0 30 / 2. vahI, 34vaoN pada, pRSTha 16 / 3. vahI, 22khA~ pada, pRSTha 13 | 4. vahI, 11vaoN pada, pRSTha 7

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416 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi koI dikhAI nahIM detaa| prAtaH hI jo rAja-tastapara baiThA huA prasanna vadana thA, ThIka dopahara ke samaya use hI udAsa hokara vaname jAkara nivAsa karanA pdd'aa| tana aura dhana atyadhika asthira hai, jaise pAnIkA batAzA / bhUdharadAsajI kahate hai ki inakA jo garva karatA hai usake janmako dhikkAra hai|" yaha manuSya mUrkha hai, dekhate hue bhI andhA banatA hai| isane bhare yauvaname putrakA viyoga dekhA, vaise hI apanI nArIko kAlake mArgame jAte hue nirakhA, aura isane una puNyavAnoMko, jo sadaiva yAnapara caDhe ho dikhAI dete the, raMka hokara binA panahIke mArgame paidala calate hue dekhA, phira bhI isakA dhana aura jIvanase rAga nahIM ghaTA / bhUdharadAsakA kathana hai ki aisI sUseko aMdheroke rAjarogakA koI ilAja nahI hai| "dekho mara jovana meM putra ko viyoga Ayo, taiseM hI nihArI nija nArI kAla maga meM / je je puNyavAna jIva dIsata haiM yAna hI pai, raMka bhaye phirai teU panahI na paga meM / aite pai, abhAge dhana jItaba sauM dharai rAga, hoya na virAga jAne rahaMgo alaga maiN| A~khina biloki aMdha sUse kI aMdherI, karai aise rAjaroga ko ilAja kahA jaga meM // " eka vRddhapuruSako dRSTi ghaTa gayo hai, tanako chavi palaTa cukI hai, gati baMka ho gayI hai aura kamara jhuka gayI hai| usakI gharavAlI bhI rUTha cukI hai, aura vaha atyadhika raMka hokara palaMgase laga gayA hai| usakI nAra (gardana) kA~pa rahI hai aura muMhase lAra cU rahI hai| usake saba aMga-upAMga purAne ho gaye hai, kintu hRdayame tRSNAne aura bhI navIna rUpa dhAraNa kiyA hai / jaba manuSyakI mauta AtI hai, to usane saMsArame raca-pacake jo kucha kiyA hai, saba kucha yahA~ hI par3A 1. vahI, havA~ pada, pRSTha 6 / 2. jaina zataka, kalakattA 35vA~ pada, pRSTha 11 / 3. dRSTi ghaTI palaTI tana kI chavi baMka bhaI gati laMka naI hai| rUsa rahI paranI gharanI ati raMka bhayo pariyaMka laI hai // kAMpata nAra bahai mukha lAra mahAmati saMgati chori gaI hai| aMga-upaMga purAne pare tisanA ura aura navIna bhaI hai| jainazataka, kalakattA, 38vA~ savaiyA, pRSTha 12 /

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jana bhakti-kAvyakA bhAva-pazca 417 raha jAtA hai| bhUdharadAsajone kahA hai, "tovragAmo turaMga, sundara raMgoMse race hue ratha, U~ce-UMce matta mataMga, dAsa aura khavAsa, gaganacumbI aTTAlikAeM aura karor3oMkI sampattise bhare hue koza, ina sabako yaha nara antame chor3akara calA jAtA hai| prAsAda khar3eke khar3e hI raha jAte hai, kAma yahA~ hI par3e rahate hai, dhana-sampatti bhI yahA~ ho DalI rahatI hai aura ghara bhI yahAM hI dhare raha jAte hai|" "teja turaMga suraMga bhale ratha, matta mataGga-utaGga khare hii| dAsa khavAsa avAsa aTA, dhana jora karorana koza mare hI // aise bar3he to kahA bhayo hai nara, chori cale uThi anta chare hii| dhAma khare rahe kAma pare rahe dAma Dare rahe ThAma dhare hI // " zrIdyAnatarAyane bho bhagavAn jinendrako zAnti pradAyaka hI mAnA hai| ve unakI zaraName isalie gaye hai ki zAnti upalabdha ho skegii| unhoMne kahA, "hama to nemijIko zaraName jAte hai, kyoki unheM chor3akara aura kahIM hamArA mana bhI to nahIM lgtaa| ve saMsArake pApoMko jalanako upazama karaneke lie bAdalake samAna hai| unakA virada bhI tArana-tarana hai| indra, phaNIndra aura candra bhI unakA dhyAna karate haiM / unako sukha milatA hai aura duHkha dUra ho jAtA hai|" yahA~ bAdalase jharanevAlI zItalatA parama zAnti hI hai| zAntiko hI sukha kahate hai aura vaha bhagavAn neminAthake sevakoMko prApta hotI hI hai| dyAnatarAyakI dRSTime bhI rAga-dveSa hI azAnti hai aura unake miTa jAnese hI 'jiyarA sukha pAvaigA', arthAt usako zAnti milegii| arahantakA smaraNa karanese rAga-dveSa vilIna ho jAte hai, ataH unakA smaraNa hI sarvottama hai| dyAnatarAya bhI apane bAvare manako sambodhana karate hue kahate hai, "he bAvare mana ! arahantakA smaraNa kr| khyAti, lAbha aura pUjAko chor3akara apane antaramai prabhukI lau lgaa| tU nara-bhava prApta karake bhI use vyarthameM hI kho rahA hai aura viSaya-bhogoMko preraNA de-dekara bar3hA rahA hai| prANoMke jAnepara he manavA ! tU pchtaayegaa| terI Ayu kSaNa-kSaNa kama ho rahI hai| yuvatIke zarIra, dhana, suta, mitra, parijana, gaja, 1. vahI, 31vaoN padya, pRSTha 11 / 2. aba hama nemijI kI zarana / aura Thaura na mana lagata hai, chADi prabhu ke zarana / aba0 // 1 // sakala bhavi-agha-dahana bArida, virada tArana tarana / inda canda phaninda dhyA, pAya sukha dukha harana / aba0 // 2 // dyAnata padasaMgraha, kalakattA, pahalA pada, pRSTha 1 /

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:4: jaina bhakti-kAvyakA kalA-pakSa bhASA bhASAkI dRSTi se jaina hindIke bhakti-kAvyako do kAloMmeM bAMTA jA sakatA hai -eka to vi0 saM0 1400-1600, dUsarA vi0 saM0 1600-1800 / pahalA kAla apabhraMzake adhika nikaTa hai| isakA artha hai ki isa yugakI hindIme apabhraMzakI vizeSatAeM pAyI jAtI hai| vaha apabhraMzakA hI vikasita rUpa hai / apabhraMzako ukArabahulA pravRtti yahAM bhI pratiSThita hai| kRdanta tadbhava kriyAoke rUpa ukArAnta hai, aura kartA tathA karmakArakako vibhaktike rUpame bhI 'u' kA prayoga huA hai / unake dRSTAnta nimna prakAra hai', kriyA "tau rUpiNi mana vibhau bhayau, ete brahmacAri tahAM gyu||" -sAdhAra, pradyumna caritra kartA "tANa puttu siri iMdabhUi bhUvalayapasiddhau / caudaha vijjA viviharUpa nArIrasa viddhaDa // " -vinayaprabha, gautamarAsA "guru gautama mo deuM pasIu," -catarumala, nemIzvara gIta isa yugako hindImeM apabhraMzakI bhAMti hI vyaMjanoke sthAnapara svarake sthApanakI pravRtti thii| rAjazekharasUrine 'bhramADaI' ke sthAnapara 'bhamAuikA aura 'caMpakagorI'ke sthAnapara 'caMpaigorI'kA prayoga kiyA hai| viddhaNUne 'dustara' ko 1. ina uddharaNoM ke lie isa granthakA dUsarA adhyAya dekhie / 2. baMkuDiyA lIya bhuMhaMDiyahaM bhari bhuvaNu bhmaaui| caMpaigorI aidhoI AMgi caMdanu levau / rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, hindI kAvyadhArA, kitAba mahala, ilAhAbAda, prathama-saMskaraNa, 1945 I0, pR0480 /

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jaina bhakti kAvyakA kalA-pakSa 1 'duhiu', aura IzvarasUrine 'lalitAMga' ko 'laliaMga' likhA hai / 'hi' aura 'hi' vibhakti, jo pahale apabhraMzame kevala karaNa aura adhikaraNa kAraka ke bahuvacaname ho prayukta hotI thI, Age calakara prAyaH sabhI kArakoMkI vibhakti bana gayI, merunandana upAdhyAyane usakA prayoga kartA kArakame kiyA hai - " ima bhagasihiM molima taNIe / siri ajiya saMti triNa thui bhaNie // " - zrajitazAntistavanam brahmajinadAsane 'hi' kA prayoga karmakArakameM kiyA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai, 421 "jinavara svAmI mugatihiM, gAmI siddhi nayara maMDaNo / " - miyAM hukar3A kavi haricandane bhI 'hi' ko karmakArakakI vibhaktike rUpame hI svIkAra kiyA hai, "guru mattie sarasaihiM pasAeM / " -- zranastamitavrata sandhi muni vinayacandane isa vibhaktikA prayoga, paramparA ke anusAra adhikaraNa kArakame hI kiyA hai, "paDhama parika dui jahiM AsADhahiM, risaha ganbhutahi uttarasADhahiM / aMdhArI cha tahimi, vaMdami vAsupUja gabbhucchau // ' 33 -- paMcakalyANakarAsA muni vinayaprasa upAdhyAyane bhI, 'hiM' ko adhikaraNakA cihna mAnA hai, "sAta hAtha supramANa deha rUpahiM raMbhAvaru / " gautama rAsA hindI meM kahI-kahIM para 'hi' ke 'ha' kA lopa kara kevala 'i' kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai / rAjazekharasUrine likhA hai ki rAjImanI ke sImanta meM motIcUrNase yukta sindUrakI rekhA suzobhita thI, 1. jo nara karai so duhiu na hoi viddha, jJAnapaMcamI caupaI / laliyaMga kumaracariyaM lalaNA laliyantra nisuNeha IzvarasUri, lalitAMgacaritra / isI granthakA dUsarA adhyAya / 2. sabhI udAharaNoM ke lie, isI granthakA dUsarA adhyAya dekhie / 54

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422 hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi "sImaMtaDa siMdUrareha motIsari sArI / " -- neminAthaphAgu kisI-kisIne 'i' ke sthAnapara, 'e' kA prayoga kiyA hai / 'e' vibhakti adhikAMzatayA kartAkArakame prayukta huI hai / merunandana upAdhyAyake 'ajita zAntistatra' kA eka padya isa kathanako puSTa karatA hai, "maMgala kamalA kaMdue, sukha sAgara pUnima caMdue / jaga guru ajiya jiNaMdue, saMtIsura nayanANaMdue - ajitazAntistavanam hindI kaviyone svArthaka pratyayoMme 'a', 're' aura 'DI' kA acchA prayoga kiyA hai| inameM bhI 'a' kA prayoga bahuta adhika huA hai| rAjazekharane 'kaMcuka' ko ' kaMcuyau', sAdhArune 'cauttha' ko 'cautthau', padmatilakane 'avatarita' ko 'atrayariyaDa', IzvarasUrine 'abhinava' ko 'ahinavau' aura 'samartha' ko 'samarattha' likhA hai' / ye rUpa svArthaka 'a' pratyayake kAraNa bane hai / 're' aura 'DI' kA bhI prayoga huA hai, kintu bahuta kama / 're' kA uttama prayoga vi0 saM0 1600-1800 ke kaviyoMmeM dekhA jAtA hai / vinayaprabha upAdhyAyake eka padyameM 're' kA prayoga huA hai, "bharaha - vittaMmi siri-kuMtha-cara- aMtare jamma puMDarigaNI vijaya pukkhalavare // " - sImandhara svAmI stavana bhaTTAraka zubhacandrane 're' aura 'DI' kA eka hI padya meM prayoga kiyA hai, " roga rahita saMgIta sukhI re, saMpadA pUraNa ThANa / dharmaM buddhi mana zuddhiDI, dulahA anukrami jANa // ' -- tattvasAradUhA 1. maragada jAdara kaMcuyaDa phuDa phullaha mAlA, rAjazekhara, neminAthaphAgu / abhinaMdanu cautthaDa vartayaDa, sAdhAru, pradyumnacaritra | suraNa agaNihiM NAha amhahaM avayariyau, padmatilaka, garbhavicArastotra / ahinavaDa jANa ki maga: samarattha sAhasa dhIra, IzvarasUri, lalitAMgacaritra / ina sabake lie, dekhie isI granthakA dUsarA adhyAya /

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jaina bhakti kAvyakA kalA-pakSa 423 jaina hindI ke kisI kavine svArthaka pratyaya 'ala', 'illa' aura 'ulla' kA kahIM para bhI prayoga nahIM kiyA hai / apabhraMza hrasva aura dIrghake vyatyayakA niyama thA / isakA artha hai ki ke sthAnapara dIrgha, aura dIrghake sthAna ra hasva sakatA hai | apabhraMzako hrasvAnta hai / jahA~ hrasvako dIrgha huA hai, vaha svArthaka pratyayake hI kAraNa AcArya hemacandrane madhya aura antame hrasvako dIrgha kiyA hai, jaisA ki 'bhallA huA jo mAriA' - jaise prayogoMse spaSTa hI hai / yaha pravRtti jaina hindI kAvyameM bhI upalabdha hotI hai, eka udAharaNa dekhie, 6 maNu taNu caraNu ekaMtu karavi nisuNaDa mo bhaviyA / jimi nivasai tumha dehi gahi guNa gaNa gahagahiyA // " pAdamadhyame bhI hrasvako dIrgha karaneke dRSTAnta milate haiM / brahmajinadAsane likhA hai, "paTaka svAmI thApI pAye dharmAdharma vIcAra to / " kavi Thakurasone likhA hai, " rayaNi paDIto saMkuDyo nIsari sakyau na mRdu " - AdipurANa -paMcendriya bela lAvaNyasamayane bhI pAdamadhyameM hI hrasva ko dIrgha kiyA hai, "suNi bhavIkSaNa jaba vIrajiNa, pAmiDa zivapura hAu // " - siddhAnta caupaI jaina hindImeM prArambhika hrasvako dIrgha karanekA dRSTAnta nahIM milatA hai / saMdezarAsakameM bhale hI 'prasAdhana' ko 'pAsAhaNa' kiyA gayA ho kintu jaina - hindI meM to 'praNAzita' ko 'paNAsiya' aura 'prasIda' ko 'pasIu' aura ' prasAdita' ko 'payAsiya' dekhA jAtA hai / " merunandana upAdhyAya, sImandhara jinastavanam / guru gautama mo diuM pasIu, catarumala, nemIzvara gIta / jeNa payAsiya vedai cAri, viddharaNa, jJAnapaMcamI caupaI, dekhie isI granthakA dUsarA adhyAya / 1. vinayaprabha upAdhyAya, gautamarAsA, pahalA patha, hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, bambaI, 1617 I0, pR0 32 // 2. nimmala e gaMgataraMgacaMgu paNAsiya sayalatamu,

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124 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi 'karma'se 'kamma' kara deneko paramparA apabhraMzako prAkRtase milI thii| jaina hindIke isa yugame bhI 'kamma' - jaise prayogoMkI adhikatA hai| 'kamma' to saikar3o sthAnoMpara prayukta huA hai| isake atirikta rAjazekharasUrine 'karNa' ko 'kanni', vinayaprabhane 'kSetra' ko 'khitti', 'vidyA' ko 'vijjA', 'nidrA' ko 'niddA', 'vipra' ko 'vippa', merunandanane 'samartha' ko 'samattthu,' 'hasta' ko 'hattthu', IzvarasUrine 'putra' ko 'putta', 'durga' ko 'dugga' aura 'svarga ko 'saga' likhA hai| ____ AbhraMzame anusvArakI pravRtti bhI bahuta pracalita thii| DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedIne isake tIna kAraNoMkI udbhAvanA kI hai - (1) saMskRtako gamakake lie, (2) chandakI pAdapUrtike lie, (3) ekAdha mAtrAko kamIko pUrA karaneke lie| jaina hindI sAhityame anusvAroMkA adhikAMza prayoga layake saundaryakA nirvAha karaneke lie kiyA gayA hai / merunandanakA eka padya dekhie - "aha sayala lakkhaNaM jANi suviyakkhaNaM, sUri daLUNa samaraM kumAraM bhaviya tuha naMdaNo nayaNa ANaMdaNo, pariNao amha dikkhAkumAri // " -jinodayasUrivivAhalau apabhraMzame padAntake 'okAra' ko hrasvake rUpame par3hanekI pravRtti thii| 'purAtana prabandha saMgraha' meM aise aneka udAharaNa hai| jaina hindIkA bhakti-yuga isa pravRttiko apanAne meM sabase Age rahA hai| rAjazekharasUrikA nimnAkita padya isakA dRSTAnta hai, "naratiya kajjalareha nayaNi muhakamali tNbolo| nAgodara kaMThalau kaMThi-anuhAra virolo|" -neminAtha phAgu isake atirikta vinayaprabhake 'vIrajiNesara caraNa kamala kamalAyakavAso' meM, zrI guNasAgarake 'upasamai saMka vikaTa kaSTaka durita pApa nivAraNo' me aura brahmajinadAsake 'Adi jiNesara bhuvi paramesara sayala dukha viNAsaNI' me bhI yaha pravRtti hI parilakSita hotI hai| ___ jaina hindIke isa yugameM, 'guru svara' ko laghu banAne ke bhI aneka dRSTAnta hai / vinayaprabhane 'zrI indrabhUti', ko 'siri iMdabhUi' aura merunandanane bhI 'zrI' ko 1. DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI, hindI sAhityakA AdikAla, dvitIya vyAkhyAna, pR0 45 / 2. dekhie, isI granthakA dUsarA adhyAya /

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jaina bhakti-kAvyakA kalA-pakSa 425 'siri' likhA hai| IzvarasUrine 'zrImAla' ko 'sirimAla', 'lalitAMga' ko 'laliaMga', rAjazekharane 'phUlaha~' ko 'phullaha', 'nayane' ko 'nayaNi' aura 'karNe' ko 'kanni' likhA hai| merunandanane 'dIkSAkumArI' ko dikkhAkumAri' kahA hai|' __ apabhraMzame dIrgha svarako laghu banAnekI do prakriyAe~ pracalita thIM : pahalI saMyukta varNome-se ekako rakhakara, pUrvavartI svarako laghu banAnese sambandhita thii| yaha pravRtti jaina hindoke isa yugame pAyo jAtI hai| viddhaNU' aura 'sAdhAra' donoM hI ne 'aSTadala' ke sthAnapara 'aThadala' likhA hai| 'aSTa' me a dIrgha svara thA, kintu 'aTha' meM hrasva ho gyaa| isI bhAMti merunandana upAdhyAyane bhI amRtake sthAnapara 'amiya' kA prayoga kara a ko hrasva kiyA hai| 'cakresarI' ko 'cakesarI' aura 'sarasvatI' ko 'sarasaI' karanese 'ca' aura 'ra' hrasva bane hai| dUsarI prakriyA saMyuktavarNoko pRthak-pRthak karake pUrva svarako laghu banAneke rUpame pracalita thii| rAjazekharane 'zukla' ko 'sukila' aura 'kastUrI' ko 'kasatUrI' karake 'su' aura 'ka' ko hrasva kiyA hai| sAdhArune 'padmAvatI' ko 'padamAvatI' tathA 'darzana' ko 'darasana' karake 'ya' aura 'da' ko hrasva banAyA hai| paravartI varNako dvitva karake pUrvavartI laghusvarako guru kara denekI prathA 1. isI granthakA dUsarA adhyAya / 2. aThadala kamala UpanI nAri, viddharaNa, jJAnapaMcamI cupii| aThadala kamala sarovara vAsu, sAdhAru, pradyumna caritra / 3. jaya sarasa amiya rasa sarisavayaNa ! merunandana upAdhyAya, sImandhara jina stavanam / 4. padamAvatI daMDa kara lei, jAlA mukhI cakesarI dei / X x x haMsI car3hIkara lekhaNi dei, kavi sadhAra sarasaI pabhaNeI / ___ sAdhAra, pradyumna critr| 5. sAvaNa sukila chaTTi diNi bAvIsamau jinnNdo| x khUpa bharAviu jAi kusumi kasatUrI saarii|| rAjazekhara, neminAtha phAgu, hindI kAvyadhArA, pR0 480 / 6. dekhie, isI grantha kA dUsarA adhyAya /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi bhI bahuta thI / yaha kArya chanda-saukaryake lie hI kiyA jAtA thaa| ratnAvalIme 'paravaza.' ko 'parabvagaH' aura 'sandeza rAsaka' meM 'ciragataH' ko 'ciraggayaH' kiyA gayA hai| jaina hindIme samarthake sthAnapara 'samaratha' ho jAnA to svAbhAvika hai, kintu usakA 'samaratttha' ho jAnA uparyukta pravRttiko hI spaSTa karatA hai' kavi ThakarasIne bhI 'bhakhai' 'rakhai' ke sthAnAra 'bhakkhai' aura 'rakkhai' kA prayoga kiyA hai| ___ apabhraMzameM varNoke saMkocanakA kauzala apanAyA jAtA thaa| 'sandezarAsaka'me "saha Ara' kA 'sahAra', 'DholA mArU rA dUhA'me 'mayUra'kA 'mora', aura hemacandra ke vyAkaraName 'araNya' kA 'raNNa' pAyA jAtA hai| jaina hindIke isa yugame bhI yaha pravRtti dikhAI detI hai| zrI viddhaNUne 'zruta' ke sthAnapara 'siya', rAjazekharane 'vAtrosamau'ke sthAnapara 'sava', sAdhArune 'praNAma karUM'ke sthAnapara 'paNa', merunandanane 'mayUra' ke sthAnapara 'mora', aura bhaTTAraka zubhavandrane 'sthAna'ke sthAnapara 'ThANa' kA prayoga kiyA hai| ___ navI zatAbdIse apabhraMzame, saMskRta ke tatsama zabdoMkA praveza bar3hane lgaa| zrI candradhara zarmA gulerIkI dRSTime yaha kArya sAtavI zatAbdIse hI prArambha ho gayA thaa| zrI rAhula sAMkRtyAyana caudahavI zatAbdIse mAnate hai / unakA kathana hai ki kriyA aura vibhaktiyA~ to vaha hI rahIM, kintu tadbhava zabdoke sthAnapara tatsamakA praveza hone lgaa| jaina hindIke 1400-1600 vi0 saM0 vAle yugameM, tatsama zabdokA prayoga atyalpa dikhAI detA hai| phira bhI kriyA aura vibhaktiyoMke vikasita rUpake kAraNa vaha hindI hI hai, apabhraMza nhii| kevala tatsama zabdoMke prayogase apabhraMza hindI nahI ho jAtI, apitu kriyA, zabda aura vibhakti sabhIke sammilita vikAsane apabhraMza ko hindI banAyA hai| jaina kaviyoMke katipaya udAharaNa yaha siddha karanemeM samartha hai, 1. samarattha sAhasa dhIra, zrI pAtasAha nisIra / IzvarasUri, llitaaNgcritr| 2. kade na khAi taMbolu sarasu bhojanu nahiM bhakkhai / kade na kApaDa navA pahiri kAyA sukhi rakkhai / ThakarasI, kRpaNa caritra, chaThA padya, anekAnta, varSa 14, kiraNa 1, pR0 11 / 3. dekhie, isI granthakA dUsarA adhyAya / 4. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, hindI kAvyadhArA, prathama saMskaraNa, 1645, avataraNikA, pR100|

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jaina bhakti-kAvyakA kalA-pakSa rAjazekhara sUri ( vi0 saM0 1405) "navaraMgI kuMkumi tilaya kitha rayaNatilau tasu mAle / motI kuNDala kana thiya biMbAliya kara jAle // " -neminAtha phAgu vinayaprabha upAdhyAya (vi0 saM0 1405) "maNu taNu caraNu ekaMtu karavi nisaNau bho bhaviyA / jima nivasai tumha dehi gehi guNa gaNa gahagahiyA // " -gautamarAsA viddhaNU (vi0 saM0 1423) "paDhahu guNahu pUjahu nisunehu / khiyapaMcamiphalu kahiyau ehu // " -jJAnapaMcamI caupaI IzvarasUri (vi0 saM0 1561) "iya puNya cariya prabaMdha, laliaMga nRpa saMbaMdha / pahu pAsa cariyaha citta, uddhariya eha caritta // " -lalitAMgacaritra muni vinayacandra (vi0 saM0 1576 ) "paNavivi paMca mahAguru, sArada dharivi maNe / udayacaMdu muNi vaMdivi, sumarivi vAla muNe // " -nirbharapaMcamI vidhAnakathA jaina hindIke isa yugame tadbhava rUpoke adhika hote hue bhI tatsamakI jhalaka dikhAI dene lagI thii| vinayaprabhake gautamarAsAme 'mayaNa'ke sthAnapara 'madana' kA prayoga bhale hI na huA ho, kintu 'rUvihi' ko 'rUpihi' kara diyA gayA hai / viddhaNUne 'amRta' ke sthAnapara 'abhiya' kA prayoga bhale hI, kiyA ho, kintu 'namaskAra' jaise tatsama zabdakA bhI upayoga kiyA hai| IzvarasUrine 'cariya' aura 'caritra' donoM hI ko likhA hai| merunandana upAdhyAyane 'kamala' aura 'vilasaMta' jaise zabdokA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| yadyapi kavi ThakarasIkI kavitAoMme tadbhavajanya saundarya hI adhika hai, kintu kahI-kahIMpara 'atighrANa', 'kamala', 'ravi' aura 'ja' kA bhI prayoga huA hai| ___ isa yugake bhaTTArakokI bhASA tatsamapradhAna hai| isakA kAraNa hai ki ve saMskRtake bahuta bar3e vidvAn hote the| unhoMne adhikAMzatayA saMskRtame hI likhA hai| bhaTTAraka sakalakotikI kavitAmeM tatsama zabdokI adhikatA hai,

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428 hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi "zrI jinavara vANI namevi, guru nirgandha pAya praNameva / kahuM ArAdhanA suvicAra, saMkSepi sAroddhAra // " bhaTTAraka zubhacandra, - zrArAdhanA pratibodha sAra bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa, "Ahe praNamIya bhagavati sarasati jagati vivodhana mAya / " -zrAdIzvara phAga "karma kalaMka vikArano re, niHzeSa hoya vinAza / " --tatvasAra dUhA afa rAjamallake piMgala zAstrameM tatsama rUpoMkI hI pradhAnatA hai / isakA eka udAharaNa hai, "svati buMda sura varSa niraMtara, saMpuTa sIpi dhamo udaraMtara / jammI muktAhala mArahamaLa, kaMThAbharaNa sirI avalovala // " ina uparyukta dRSTAntoMse zrI candradhara zarmA gulerIke isa kathanakA samarthana hotA hai ki - jaina loga saMskRta zabdoMkA bahiSkAra avazya karate rahe, kintu ve Ate hI gaye / jaina hindI ke isa yugapara gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnIkA bhI prabhAva hai / usa samaya hindI, gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI meM vizeSa antara nahIM thA / rAhulajIkA mata hai ki ve apabhraMzase vikasita hI huI thIM, unake mUla rUpoMme bheda nahIM thA / unakI dRSTimeM gujarAta terahavIM zatItaka hindI kSetrakA abhinna aMga rahA hai| DholAmArU rA dUhA sampAdaka bhI usa samayakI hindI, gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI me itanA rUpabheda nahIM mAnate jitanA ki Aja-kala hai| phira bhI yaha siddha hai ki uname kucha-na-kucha rUpabheda thA avazya, jisase unakA hotA hai / pRthak astitva pramANita vi0 saM0 1400-1500 ke hindI kaviyoMmeM rAjazekharasUri, sAdhAru, viddhaNU aura merunandanapara rAjasthAnIkA prabhAva hai, to vinayaprabha upAdhyAya, somasundara sUri, upAdhyAya jayasAgara, dayAsAgara sUri, hIrAnandasUri aura bhaTTAraka sakala - kIrtipara gujarAtIkA | 1. hindI jaina sAhityakA saMkSipta itihAsa, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1947 I0, pR0 36 | 2. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, hindI kAvyadhArA, avataraNikA, pR0 12 / 3. hindI sAhityakA AdikAla, prathama vyAkhyAna, pR0 8 se uddhRte /

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jaina bhakti kAvyakA kalA-pakSa vi0 saM0 1500-1600 ke kaviyoMme padmatilaka, muni caritrasena, cetarumala, muni vinayacandra ThakarasI aura kavi haricanda, rAjasthAnIse prabhAvita hai, to brahma jinadAsa, lAvaNyasamaya, saMvegasundara, siMhakuzala, IzvarasUri, bhaTTAraka zubhacandra, aura devakalazakI racanAoMme gujarAtIkI jhalaka hai / vi0 saM0 1600-1800 ke jaina hindI kaviyoMkI bhASA yaha yuga hindI ke pUrNa vikAsakA yuga hai / isame adhikAMzatayA tatsama zabdoM kA prayoga hone lagA / kriyAoMkA bhI vikAsa huaa| ukAra bahulA pravRtti haTa gayI / vibhaktiyone ghisakara svatantra zabdoMkA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA / kartAkI 'ne' aura karmakI 'ko' vibhaktiyA~ spaSTa dikhAI dene lagIM / 429 bhASA kI dRSTise isa yugakI racanAoMko do bhAgoMme bA~TA jA sakatA hai - eka to ve, jo saMskRtakA anuvAda mAtra hai, aura dUsarI ve jo nitAnta maulika haiM / anUdita kRtiyoMme saMskRtaniSThA adhika hai, jaba ki maulikame saralatA / kavi banArasIdAsane somaprabhAcArya kI 'sUkti muktAvalI' ke 58veM padakA anuvAda kiyA hai, " pUrana pratApa ravi, rokibe ko dhArAdhara sukRti samudra sokhibe ko kumbhanada hai 1 kopa dava pAvaka janana ko araNi dAru, moha viSa bhUruha ko, mahAdRr3ha kaMdra hai // "" inhIM kaviko 'adhyAtma padapaMkti, ( maulika ) ke sAtaveM padakI katipaya paMktiyA~ isa prakAra hai, "aiseM yoM prabhu pAiye, suna paMDita prAnI / jyoM mathi mAkhana kADhiye, dadhi meli mathAnI // jyoM rasa lIna rasAyanI, rasarIti arAdhe | tyoM ghaTa meM paramArathI, paramAratha "sAdhai // kavi bhUdharadAmane vAdirAjasUri ke 'ekIbhAva stotra' ke chaThe zlokakA anuvAda nimna prakArase kiyA hai, "bhava vana meM cirakAla bhramyo kachu kahiya na jAI / tuma thuti kathA piyUSa vApikA bhAgana pAI // 1. banArasI vilAsa, jayapura, pR0 46 / 2. vahI, pR0 226 // 55

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430 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi zazi tuSAra dhanasAra hAra zItala nahiM jA sm| karata nhauMna tAmahiM kyoM na bhavatApa bujhe mama // "' inhIM kavike 'bhUdhara vilAsa' kA eka maulika pada dekhie, "garava nahiM kIjai re, ai nara nipaTa gNvaar| jhUThI kAyA muThI mAyA, chAyA jyauM lakhi lIjai re // " isI bhAMti pANDe hemarAjake 'bhASA bhaktAmara' aura 'upadezadohA zataka', tathA bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsake 'dravya saMgraha' aura phuTakara racanAoMkI bhASAme antara hai| isa yugake kaviyoMne vi0 saM0 1400-1600 ko 're' aura anusvAravAlI pravRtti virAsatake rUpameM pAyI hai| 're' ke prayogase saMgItAtmakatAme vRddhi huI hai, aura dhvani saundarya bhI bar3hA hai| zrI kuzalalAbhakA eka padya dekhie, "Agyo mAsa asAr3ha abUke dAminI re| jovai jovai prIyaDA vATa sakomala kAminI re / / cAtaka madhurai sAdiki prIU prIU uccarai re / __ varasai ghaNa varasAta sajala saravara bharai re // " bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsane 'rI' kA prayoga uttama DhaMgase kiyA hai, "acetana kI deharI na kIje tAsoM neharI, oguna kI geharI parama dukha bharI hai| yAhI ke saneharI na pAveM kama cheha rI su, pArve dukha teharI je yAkI prIti karI hai||"" dyAnatarAyake 'pArzva-stotra'meM anusvArakA saphalatApUrvaka prayoga huA hai| yahA~ yaha spaSTa hai ki anusvArakA prayoga chaMdasaukarya athavA saMskRtakI chauMkake lie nahIM, apitu dhvani-saundaryake lie huA hai / 'pArzvastotra'kA eka padya dekhie, "narendraM phaNIndraM surendraM adhosaM / zatendraM su pUrje majai nAya zIzaM / / munIndraM gaNendraM namo joDi hAthaM / 'namo devadevaM sadA pArzvanAthaM // " 1. bRhajjinavANI saMgraha, samrATa saMskaraNa, 1956 I0, pR0 247 / 2. bhUdharavilAsa, kalakattA, 11vA~ pada, pR07| 3. aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, pR0 116 / 4, bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, brahmavilAsa / 5. bhUdharadAsa, pArzvanAtha stotra, pahalA padya, bRhajjinavANI saMgraha, 1956 I0, pR0 286

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jaina bhakti-kAvyakA kalA-pakSa kavi banArasIdAsake pahale hI AgarA hindI kaviyoM kA kendra thA / AgarA yadi eka ora rAjasthAnase sambandhita hai, to dUsarI ora brajabhUmise, ata: vahA~ke kaviyoMpara donoM hI kA prabhAva hai / isake atirikta unapara arabIfArasIkA prabhAva bhI anivArya thA, kyoMki AgarA bAdazAhoMkI rAjadhAnI thI / pANDe rUpacandake 'paramArthI dohAzataka' meM brajabhASAkA puTa hai, to 'neminAtharAsA' me rAjasthAnIkI jhalaka, aura 'maMgalagIta prabandha' zuddha khar3I bolIkA nidarzana haiM / unakI racanAoMmeM arabI-fArasIke zabda nahIM hai, kyoMki ve AgaremeM bahuta kama rahe, isake atirikta ve saMskRta - prAkRtake prakANDa paNDita the / 431 kavi banArasIdAsakI bhASA zuddha khar3I bolIpara AdhArita hai / usapara rAjasthAnIkA prabhAva nahIM hai, kintu kAraka racanAme brajakI vizeSatA pAyI jAtI hai / unakI bhASApara urdU-phArasIkA prabhAva hai / DaoN0 hIrAlAla jainakA kathana hai ki banArasIdAsajIne brajabhASAkI bhUmikA lekara usapara mug2alakAlameM 1 bar3hate hue prabhAvavAlI khar3I bolIkA prayoga kiyA hai| banArasIdAsake samakAlIna aura unake ekacitta mitra ku~arapAlakI bhASApara rAjasthAnIkA spaSTa prabhAva hai / unake 'caubIsa ThANA' kA eka padya dekhie, "baMdau jinapratimA dukhaharaNI / AraMbha udau dekha mati bhUlau, e nija sudha kI dharaNI // bItarAgapada kUM darasAvai, mukti paMtha kI karaNI / samyagadiSTI nitaprati dhyAvai, mithyAmata kI TaraNI // * isa yuga me 'za' aura 'sa' donoM hI prayoga dekhe jAte hai, kintu 'sa' kI adhikatA hai / pANDe rUpacandane 'sobhA', 'dara sinu', 'suddha' aura 'jinasAsana' kA prayoga kiyA hai / kavi banArasIdAsakI racanAomeM 'avinAsI', 'suddha', 'sivarUpa', 'darasana' aura 'sarana' jaise aneka zabda hai, jiname 'za' ke sthAnapara 'sa' kA prayoga huA hai / ku~arapAlane bhI 'suddha', 'sujasa' aura 'darasana' meM 'sa' ko hI apanAyA hai / dyAnatarAyane bhI 'darasana', 'sirIpAla' aura 'paramesura' kA hI prayoga kiyA hai / kintu ina sabakI racanAomeM yatra-tatra za kA prayoga bhI dekhaneko milatA hai / kavi banArasIdAsa ke 'nATaka samayasAra' kI 'udai bala jora yaha 1. DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina, ardhakathAnakakI bhASA, ardhakathAnaka, paM0 nAthUrAma premI sampAdita, saMzodhita saMskaraNa, 1657 I0, hindI grantharatnAkara limiTeDa, bambaI, pR0 16 / 2. ardhakathAnaka, saMzodhita saMskaraNa, bambaI, 10 102 /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi zvAsa ko zabada ghora', 'jaise nizivAsara kamala rahe paMka hI meM' aura 'zobhita nija anubhUti juta cidAnaMdabhagavAna' paMktiyome za kA hI prayoga huA hai| ___ isa yugake jaina kaviyomeM saMyukta varNoko svara vibhaktike dvArA pRthak-pRthak karaneko pravRtti adhikAdhika parilakSita hotI hai| banArasIdAsane 'jJAnabAvanI'melabadhi ( labdhi ), adhyAtama ( adhyAtma ), sabada ( zabda ), 'paMcapadavidhAna' meparasiddha (prasiddha), 'adhyAtmapadapaMkti'me-paratacha (pratyakSa), 'ardhakathAnaka' meMjanama ( janma ), pArasa ( pArzva ) aura 'nATaka samayasAra' me-nirajarA (nirjarA), darasana (darzana), padAratha (padArtha)-jaise prayoga adhika kiye hai / mahAtmA Anandadhanake padome bhI saMyukta varNokA pRthakkaraNa huA hai| unhoMne 'AtmA' ko 'Atama', 'bhrama' ko 'bharama', 'sarvaMgI' ko 'saravaMgI', 'paramArtha' ko 'paramAratha' aura 'vRttAnta' ko 'virataMta' likhA hai / dyAnatarAyake padoMme yadyapi saMyukta varNokA prayoga adhika hai, kintu unakA pRthakkaraNa bhI paryApta rUpame dikhAI detA hai / unhone paramAtama ( paramAtmA ), paramAna ( pramANa), darasana ( darzana ), vikalapa (vikalpa ), sumarana (smaraNa ), paramesura (paramezvara ), saradhA (zraddhA ), maramI ( marmI ), mUrati ( mUrti ) kA prayoga kiyA hai / saMyukta varNoM ko sarala banAnekA dUsarA upAya hai, uname-se ekako haTA denaa| bhUdharadAsane 'pArzvapurANa'me isa vidhiko apanAyA hai| unhone 'stuti' ko 'thuti' 'caitya' ko 'caita', 'sthAna' ko 'thAna', 'dyuti' ko 'duti', 'sthiti' ko "thiti' aura 'svarUpa' ko 'sarUpa' likhakara isI niyamakA pAlana kiyA hai / zrI yazovijayane 'akSaya' ko 'akhaya', 'Rddhi' ko 'ridhi', zrI ku~arapAlane 'buddhi' ko 'budhI', 'Aditya' ko 'Adita', aura bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsane 'mokSa' ko 'mokha', 'saMyukta' ko 'saMjuta', 'amRta' ko 'amI', 'sparza' ko 'parase', 'zivatIya' ko 'zivatI', "sthiratA' ko 'thiratA' tathA 'jinendra' ko 'jinaMda' likhA hai / ___ isa yugake jaina kaviyoMme do vizeSatAeM sarvatra dekhI jAtI hai-eka to zabdoM kA ucita sthAnapara prayoga aura dUsarA prasAda guNa / hemavijayasUrike "muni hema ke sAhaba dekhana kU, ugrasenalalI su akelI calI" me ugrasenalalI, aura "muni hema ke sAhiba nemajI ho, aba torana teM tumha kyUM bahure" me 'bahure' aise sthAnapara pratiSThita hai ki usase kavitAkA saundarya zataguNita ho gayA hai / isI bhAMti mahAtmA Anandaghanake "jhaDI sadA AnandaghanabarAvata, bina more eka tArI" me 'bina more', bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsake "bhUli gayo gati ko phirabo, aba to dina cyAri bhaye ThakurAre" me 'ThakurAre', bhUdharadAsake "milika milApI jana

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jaina makti-kAvyakA kalA-pakSa pUchata kuzala merI, aisI dazA mAhI mitra ! kAhe kI kuzala hai" me 'mitra' aura banArasIdAsake "china na suhAya aura rasa phIke", "ruci sAhibake launa sau" me 'sAhiba' itane upayukta sthAnapara baiThA hai ki usako vahAMse haTA denepara samUcA saundarya hI vinaSTa ho jaayegaa| ____ muhAvaroMke prayogame bhUdharadAsa adhika kuzala hai / unhone apane padoMme muhAvaroMko nagInekI bhAMti jar3a diyA hai| buDhApekA varNana karate hue unhoMne likhA hai, "aise hI gaI vihAya alapa-sI rahI Aya, nara parajAya yaha AMdhe kI baTera hai|" eka dUsare sthAnapara unhone manuSyako apane jIvanake prati sAvadhAna kiyA hai, "aho Aga Ayai jaba jhoparI jarana lAgI, kuA~ke khudAyai taba kauna kAja srihai|" bhUdharadAsakA kathana hai ki manuSyake dina soca-vicArame hI vyatIta ho jAte hai, aura eka dina acAnaka yamarAja A jAtA hai, taba, "khelata khela khilAri gaye, rahi jAya rupI zataraMja ko bAjI / " yaha jAnate hue bhI ki vizvame duHkha-hIduHkha hai, manuSya usame adhikAdhika grasta hotA jAtA hai, isapara bhUdharane likhA, "AMkhina viloki andha sUse kI aMdherI karai aise rAjaroga ko ilAja kahA jaga me|" banArasI vilAsame jJAnabAvanIke viSayame likhA hai, "vahI adhikAra Ayo UMghate vichonA pAyo, hukuma prasAda teM bhayo hai jJAnabAvanI / " 'vedanirNaya paMcAsikA' meM isa jIvako mUrkha kahate hue banArasIdAsakA kathana hai, "matavAro mUrakha na mAna upadeza jaise, uluvA na jAne kisa ora bhAnu uvA hai|" bhaiyAke padoM aura kavittome bhI yatra-tatra muhAvare dRSTigocara hote hai| eka sthAnapara unhoMne likhA hai, "ceta re aceta puni cetabe ko nAhiM Thaura, Aja kAli pIjare soM paMchI ur3a jAtu hai|" eka kavittame unhoMne kahA, "aiso hai sarUpa mero tihUM kAla suddha rUpa, jJAna dRSTi dekhateM na dUjI parachAhI hai / " ___ jahAMtaka prasAda guNakA sambandha hai, aneka jaina kaviyome pAyA jAtA hai| uname bhI vinodIlAla aura bhUdharadAsa adhika prasiddha hai| vinodIlAlake 'nemirAjula bArahamAsA'me saralatA hai aura sarasatA bhii| kAttikake laganepara rAjula nemIzvarase kahatI hai, "piya kAtika meM mana kaise rahai, jaba bhAmini mauna sjaaveNgii| raci citra vicitra suraMga sabai, ghara hI ghara maMgala gaaveNgii| piya nUtana nAri siMgAra kiye, apano piya Tera bulaabaiNgii|

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434 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi piya bAraha bAra barai diyarA, jiyarA tumarA tarasAvaiMgI // " bhUdharadAsakA pratyeka pada prasAdaguNakA sAkSAt pratIka hai / 'pArzvapurANa', 'jaina zataka', aura 'bhUdhara vilAsa' ke atirikta, unake aneka stuti stotroM meM bhI uparyukta guNa hI sArthakatAko prApta huA hai / isa yugake jaina hindI kaviyoMne khaDI bolIkA prayoga kiyA hai / usapara fArasIkA spaSTa prabhAva hai / arthAt unakI kavitAome fArasIke zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai / kintu ye zabda apanI bolIme DhAlakara apanAye gaye hai, unakA tatsama rUpa kahIM-kahIM hI dekhaneko milatA hai / banArasIdAsake 'ardhakathAnaka' meM hukuma, musakila, saudA, mulaka, khabari, tahakIka, husiyAra, khusahAla, naphara, najari syAbAsa, umarAu, sAhijAde, sukhuna, paijAra, aura khosarA jaise aneka urdUfArasIke zabda hai / DaoN0 hIrAlAla jainakA kathana hai ki ina zabdokA prayoga vahA~para hI huA hai, jahA~ mug2ala rAja-kAjase sambandhita prasaMga AyA hai / kintu 'nATaka samayasAra' meM aise zabda AdhyAtmika prasaMgame bhI Aye hai / vahIM khalaka, duphArA, vadaphaila, kheda, gahala, khabaradAra, nisAnI, rukha, gumAnI aura masUrati jaise zabda sarvatra bikhare hue hai / 'jJAnabAvanI' me hI karAmAta, jora, jahara, kahara, khyAla, talaka, khalaka, daramyAna, kumaka, khajAnA, khArI, sarahada, jahAna-jaise aneka zabda maujUda haiM / bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa fArasIke acche jAnakAra the, kintu unhone bhI fArasIke zabdoMko tadbhava banAkara hI apanAyA hai| unakI racanAoMme khyAla, amala, mukAma, sahala, phojadAra, paravAha, najadIka, ganIma, khilApha, dojaka, phirastA aura umara Adi zabda dekhe jAte hai / unake kisI-kisI kavittame to fArasIke zabdoMkI bahulatA hai, ataH usakA 'Tona' fArasImaya ho gayA hai / eka kavitta dekhie, " mAna yAra merA kahA dila kI cazama khola, sAhiba najadIka hai tisako pahacAniye | nAhaka phirahu nAhiM gAphila jahAna bIca zukana goza jinakA bhalI bhAMti jAniye // pAvaka jyoM basatA hai aranI pakhAna mAhiM, tIsa rosa cidAnaMda isa hI meM mAniye / 1. bArahamAsA nemirAjulakA, 10vA~ padya, bArahamAsA saMgraha, kalakattA /

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jaina makti-kAnyakA kalA-pakSa paMja se ganIma terI umara sAtha lage haiM, khilApha tiseM jAni tuM Apa saccA aaniye|" 'bhaiyA' kI bhASA nATakIya rasake anurUpa hai| yaha rasa unake dvArA racita saMvAdoMke madhya vikasita huA hai| 'paMcendriya saMvAda' me lAlitya hai| sarala, choTe-choTe vAkya hai| uname svAbhAvikatA hai, rasakI picakAriyoM se mAlUma hote hai| kezavadAsake saMvAda prasiddha hai, kintu unakA prayoga kevala 'rAmacandrikA meM huA hai, 'rasikapriyA' yA 'kavipriyA' meM nhiiN| 'rAmacandrikA prabandha kAvya hai| muktaka kAvyame saMvAdoMkA prayoga 'bhaiyA' kI dena hai| jIbha A~khase kahatI hai| "jIbha kahai re A~khi tuma, kAhe garva karAhiM / kAjala kari jo raMgiye, tohU nAhiM lajAhi // kAyara kyoM DaratI rahai, dhIraja nahIM lagAra / bAta bAta meM roya de, bole garva apAra // jahA~ tahA~ lAgata phira, dekha salauno rUpa / tere hI parasAda se, duHkha pAvai cidrUpa / " chanda-vidhAna vi0 saM0 1400-1800 ke jaina kaviyoMne vaNika aura mAtrika donoM hI prakArake chandoMkA prayoga kiyA hai| vaNika chandoMkA prayoga adhikAMzatayA saMskRtakI anUdita kRtiyoMmeM kiyA gayA hai aura mAtrikakA maulikame / mAtrika chandoMkI pradhAnatA hai| unameM bhI dohA, caupAI, kavitta, savaiyA, aura vividha padya mukhya hai| dohA jaise saMskRtakA 'zloka' aura prAkRtakA 'gAthA' mukhya chanda mAnA jAtA hai, vaise hI apabhraMzakA dohA / apabhraMzako dUhA-vidyA kahate hai / DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedIne dohAkA utpatti-sthala Abhora jAtike 'virahAgAnoM meM khojA hai| kintu 1. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, zataaSTottarI, 5havA kavitta, brahmavilAsa, dvitIyAvRtti, san 1926 I0, jaina grantharatnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, pR0 21 / 2. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, paMcendriya saMvAda, brahmavilAsa, dohA 66-68, pR0 244 / 3. DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI, hindI sAhityakA AdikAla, paMcama vyAkhyAna, pR0 12 /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi likhita rUpame dohAkA sarvAdhika prAcIna rUpa 'vikramorvazIya' ke caturtha aMkame dekhA jA sakatA hai| yogIndu ( sAtavIM zatAbdI vikrama ) ke 'paramAtmaprakAza' aura 'yogasAra'me bhI apabhraMzake dohoMkA hI prayoga huA hai| jaina kaviyoMne dohekA prayoga adhyAtma, upadeza aura bhaktike arthameM hI adhika kiyaa| usIkI paramparA hindIke bhakti-kAvyako milii| bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ( 16vI zatAbdI ) ne 'tattvasAra dUhA' meM, pANDe rUpacanda (17vI zatAbdI ) ne 'paramArthI dohAzataka' me, manarAma ( 17vIM zatAbdI ) ne 'manarAma vilAsa' meM aura pANDe hemarAja ( 18vIM zatAbdI) ne 'upadeza dohAzataka' me dohoMkA hI eka mAtra prayoga kiyA hai / aneka kRtiyAM aisI hai, jinake bIca-bIcame dohe bikhare hue hai / 'banArasI vilAsa'kA eka dohA dekhie, "samujha sakai tau samujha bhaba, hai durlabha nara deha / phira yaha saMgati kaba mile, t cAtaka hauM meha / / " caupAI ___caupAIkA Adi rUpa hai apabhraMzakA paddhar3iyA chanda / usa samaya duvaI aura dhruvakake sAtha paddhaDiyAkA kar3avakake rUpame prayoga kiyA jAtA thA / kavi puSpadantake 'harivaMsu purANu'me likhA hai ki isake Adi AviSkartA caturmukha the / hindIme Akara 'duvaI' kA prayoga to samApta hI ho gayA, aura pattekA sthAna 'dohe'ne le liyaa| paddhar3iyA caupAI ho gyaa| apabhraMzakI kaDavakavAlI zailI ho hindIko 'caupAI-dohA' zailIkI utpAdikA hai| ___ DaoN0 hIrAlAla jainakA kathana hai ki kaDavakavAlI zailI mahAkAvyome hI prayukta hotI thii| hindIke kaviyoMne bhI isI paramparAko apanAyA / 'padmAvata' aura 'rAmacarita mAnasa', caupAI-dohoMmeM hI likhe gaye hai| jaina hindIme bhI sAdhArukA 'pradyumna caritra',lAlacanda labdhodayakA 'padminIcaritra', rAyacandakA 'sItAcaritra' aura bhUdharadAsakA 'pArzvapurANa' caupAI-dohoMkA hI nidarzana hai| 1. banArasIdAsa, adhyAtmapada paMkti, AlApa dohA, chaThA, banArasIvilAsa, jayapura, 2. DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina, apabhraMzake mahAkAvya, apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya, nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA, aMka 3-4, pR0 112 / 3.DaoN0 rAmasiMha tomara, jaina sAhityakI hindI sAhityako dena, premI abhinandana grantha, pR0 468 / 4. nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA, aMka 3-4, pR0 112 / pR0234 /

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jaina makti-kAvyakA kalA-pakSa DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedIkA kathana hai ki caupAIkA janma kathAnakako jor3aneke lie hI huA thA, kintu jaina-hindIke aneka kaviyone apane muktaka-kAvyoMke lie bhI caupAIko hI cunA hai| banArasodAsako 'vedanirNayapaMcAsikA', 'mArgaNAvidhAna', 'karmaprakRtividhAna', 'kalyANamandira stotra', 'sAdhuvandanA', 'dhyAnavattImI', aura 'zivapaccIso' me prAyaH caupAI aura dohoMkA hI prayoga huA hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAmane 'cetanakarmacaritra', 'jinaguNamAlA', 'paMcaparameSThi namaskAra', 'guNamaMjarI', 'madhuvindaka' caupAI, 'upadeza pacausikA', 'nandIzvara dopako jayamAlA', 'bAraha bhAvanA', 'karmabandhake daza bheda' aura 'akRtrima caityAlayakI jayamAlA meM adhikAMzatayA caupAiyoMkA hI upayopa huA hai| prArambha, anta athavA madhyameM kahI-kahI dohe bhI hai| ina muktaka kRtiyoMmeM, caupAI-dohoMkA prayoga prabandha kAvyakI bhA~ti nahIM huA hai| prabandha kAvyameM eka caupAIke uparAnta eka dohA AtA hai, kintu ina muktaka racanAoMmeM, kabhI eka dohA aura aneka caupAiyAM aura kabhI aneka caupAiyAM aura phira aneka dohoMkA krama milatA hai| kavi banArasIdAyakI 'sAdhuvandanA'kI eka caupAI dekhie, "aha~ta siddha sUri uvajhAya / sAdhu paMca pada parama sahAya // inake caraNAne meM maMna lAya / tisa munivara ke bandoM pAya / / "" bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsako 'nandIzvara dIpa jayamAlA kI eka caupAI isa prakAra hai, "jina pratimAjinavaraNe khii| jina sAdRza meM aMtara nahIM // . 'saba muravRnda nandIzvara jAya / pUjahi tahAM vividha dhara mAya / " bhUdharadAsakai vividha stuti - stotromeM bhI caupAIkA prayoga huA hai / unakA 'pArzvanAtha stotra', prArambhika doheke uparAnta caupAiyomeM hI likhA gayA hai / eka caupAI isa bhAMti hai, "prabhu isa jaga samaratha nA koya / jAsoM tuma yaza varNana hoya / cAra jJAnadhArI muni kaiN| hama se maMda kahA kara skeN|" 1. DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI, hindI sAhityakA AdikAla, paMcama vyAkhyAna, pR0 64 2. banArasIdAsa, sAdhuvandanA, caupAI 20, banArasIvilAsa, jayapura, pR0 130 / / 3. maiyA bhagavatIhAsa; nandIzvaka dIpakI jayamAlA,. 15vIM--caupAI, brahmavilAsa, pR0 153 / 4. bhUdharadAsa, pArzvanAtha stotra, pahalI caupAI, bRhajjinavANIsaMgraha-1956 I0, 56

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438 hindI jaina bhakti kAgya aura kavi kavitta kavitta vrajabhASAkA priya chanda hai / mUlataH bandIjana isakA prayoga karate the| AdhyAtmika aura bhaktike kSetrameM, jaina kaviyoMne isa chandakA saphala prayoga kiyA hai / bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa 'kavitto' ke rAjA the| unakA eka kavitta dekhie, "dhUmana ke dhaurahara dekha kahA garva kare, ye to chinamAhi jAhiM pauna parasata hii| saMdhyA ke samAna raMga dekhata hI hoya bhaMga, dIpaka pataMga jaise kAla garasata hii|| supane meM bhUpa jaiseM iMdradhanu rUpa jaise, bhosabUMda dhUpa jaiseM durai darasata hii| aisoI marama saba karma jAla vargaNA ko, tAmeM mUDha magna hoya marai tarasata hI // "' 'bhaiyA' ne mAtrika kavittoMkA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| kintu jaisI tAla aura laya uparyukta kavittameM hai, mAtrikameM nahIM A pAyo hai| eka mAtrika kavitta isa prakAra hai, "cetana jIva vicArahu to tuma, nihacai Thora rahana kI kauna / devaloka suraindra kahAvata, tehU karahiM aMta puni gauna // tIna lokapati nAtha jinezvara, cakrIdhara puni nara hai jauna / yaha saMsAra sadA supane sama, nihacai vAsa ihAM nahIM hona // "* bhUdharadAsane 'jainazataka' meM 'manahara kavittoM kA adhika prayoga kiyA hai| unameM bhI 'rUpako na khoja rahyo taru jyoM tuSAra dahyo', "jAkoM indra cAhaiM ahamindra se umAhai jAsauM" aura "sAMcau deva soI jA meM doSa ko na leza koI" uttama hai| kavi banArasIdAsane 'navadurgA vidhAna' kavittoMmeM hI likhA hai| usakA eka kavitta isa prakAra hai, "yaha sarasvatI haMsavAhinI pragaTa rUpa, yaha bhavabhedinI mavAnI shNbhughrnii| yaha jJAnalacchana so lacchamI vilokiyata, yahai guNaratana maMDAra mAra bhrnii| 1. maiyA bhagavatIdAsa, puNyapacIsikA, 17vA~ kavitta, brahmavilAsa, pR0 5 / / 2. maiyA bhagavatIdAsa, zata aSTottarI, 77vA~ kavitta, brahmavilAsa, 1926 I0, bambaI, pR0 25 // 3. bhUdharadAsa, bainazataka, kalakattA, manahara kavitta, 36, 41, 45, pR0 13, 15 /

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jaina bhakti-kAvyakA kalA-pakSa yahai gaMgA trividhi vicAra meM tripatha gaunI, yahai mokha sAdhana ko tIratha kI ghrnii| yahai gopI yahai rAdhA rAdhe bhagavAna bhAva, yahai devI sumati aneka bhAMti vrnii||"" savaiyA yaha bhI brajabhASAkA chanda hai| isakA mUla saMskRtake vaNika-vRttoMmeM sannihita hai| jaina hindIke kaviyone 'savaiyA ke vividha bhedoMkA saphala prayoga kiyA hai| unhoMne kavittakI apekSA savaiyAko adhika apnaayaa| savaiyAkI jaisI chaTA, ina kaviyoMkI racanAome dekhaneko milatI hai anyatra nahIM dekhI jA sktii| pANDe rUpacandra ne savaiyoMkA adhikAdhika prayoga kiyA hai| unameM se eka isa prakAra hai, "jIvata kI Asa kare, kAla dekhai hAla Dare, ___ Dole cyArU gati pai na Avai mocha maga maiM / / mAyA sauM merI kahai mohanI sauM sIThA rahai, tApai jIva lAgai jaisA DAMka diyA naga maiM // ghara kI na jAnai rIti para setI mAMDe prIti, __ vATa ke baToI jaise Ai mile vaga mai|| puggala sauM kahai merA jIva jAnai yahai DerA, kama kI kulapha dIyai phirai jIva jaga maiM // "' bhUdharadAsane mattagayanda aura dumila sarvayoMkA prayoga kiyA hai| unhoMne bure kaviyoMkI nindA savaiyoMmeM hI kI hai| eka mattagayanda savaiyA dekhie, "kaJcana kummana kI upamA, kaha deta urojana ko kavi bAre / Upara zyAma vilokata ke, mani nIlama kI DhakanI DhakI chaare|| yauM satabaina kahaiM na kupaMDita, ye juga AmiSapiMDa ughAre / sAdhana jhAra daI mu~ha chAra bhaye ihi heta kidhauM kuca kAre / / " unhoMne tIrthakaroMkI stutiyAM bhI adhikAMzatayA mattagayanda savaiyoMme hI likhI hai / bhagavAn candraprabhakI stuti karate hue unhoMne likhA hai, 1. banArasIdAsa, navadurgA vidhAna, pvA~ kavitta, banArasIvilAsa, jayapura, 1954 I0, pR0 170 / 2. pANDe rUpacanda, adhyAtma savaiyA, Amera zAstra bhaNDArakI prati, padya 30 / 3. bhUdharadAsa, jainazataka, kalakattA, 65vA savaiyA, pR0 21 /

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440 hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi "citavata badana amala candropama, taji ciMtA cita hoya akAmI / tribhuvanacaMda pApatapacaMdana, samatacaraNa candrAdika nAmI // tihuM jaga chaI candrikA kIrati, cihana candra ciMtata zivagAmI / bando catura cakora candramA, candravaraNa candraprama svAmI // '' kavi banArasIdAsane 'nATaka samayamAra'me 245 savaiyA-ikatIsA aura 37 teIsAsavaiyokA nirmANa kiyA hai| uname se eka savaiyA-teIsA isa prakAra hai, "yA ghaTa meM bhramarUA anAdi, vilAsa mahA aviveka akhaaro| tAma~hi aura sarUpa na dIsata, pudgala nRtya karai atibhaaro|| pherata bheSa dikhAvata kautuka, so jaliye varanAdi psaaro| mohasuM bhinna judo jar3a soM, cinamUrati nATaka dekhana haaro||"" bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa bhI savaiyoke nirmAName adhika kuzala hai / unake dvArA racA huA eka 'samAna savaiyA' nimna prakArase hai, "kAla anAdita phirata phirata jiya, aba yaha naramava uttama pAyo / samujhi samujhi paMDita nara prAnI, tere kara ciMtAmaNi Ayo / ghaTa kI A~kheM kholi joharI, ratana jIva jinadeva batAyo / tila meM tela vAsa phUlani meM, yo ghaTa me ghaTanAyaka gaayo||" chappaya candabaradAIke 'pRthvIrAja rAso' aura usake pUrva apabhraMzame chappayakA prayoga prAyaH vIra-rasameM hI huA hai / jaina hindIke kaviyoMne usako adhyAtma aura bhaktike kSetrameM bhI prayukta kiyaa| kavi banArasIdAsane 'nATaka samayasAra meM 20 chappayoMkA nirmANa kiyA hai| bhUdharadAsake 'janazataka me mattagayanda aura manahara savaiyoM tathA dohoke sAtha-sAtha chappayoMkA bhI prayoga huA hai| bhagavAn pArzvanAthako bhaktime eka chappayakI prathama do paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM, . "janama-jaladhi-jalajAna jAna janahaMsa-mAna sara / sarava indra mili Ana, Ana jisa dharahiM zIsa para / 1. vahI, 5vA savaiyA pR0 / 2. banArasIdAsa, nATaka samayasAra, jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, prathama saMskaraNa, . vi0 sa0 1926, pR081|| 3. maiyA bhagavatIdAsa, zata aSTottarI, 85vA~ sevaiyA, brahmavilAsa, 626 I0, bambaI, 50.27 // 4. bhUdharadAsa, jainazataka, kalakattA, yahA~ chappaya, pR0.3 /

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caina bhakti-kAkA kalA-pakSa bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsane bhI chappayoMkA prayoga bhaktike kSetrame hI kiyA / unake dvArA racI gayI 'caturvizati jinastuti' kA eka chappaya hai, "jinavara tArAcaMda, caMdatArA nita vaMdai / vaMde suranara koTikoTi, suravRMda anaMdai // Ana~da magana ju Apa, Apa hastinapura zrAye / Aye zAMti jinadeva, deva saba hI sukha pAye || pAye sumAta airAratana, tana kaMcana vizvasena gina / ni su koSa guna ko vanyo, vanyo sutArana tarana jina / / " " kuNDaliyA banArasIdAsane 'nATaka samayasAra meM cAra kuNDaliyA bhI likhI haiM / 'banArasIvilAsa' meM bhI yatra-tatra aneka kuNDaliyoMkA prayoga huA hai / 'veda nirNaya paMcAsikA' kI eka kuNDaliyA nimna prakAra hai, "Upara saba suraloka ke, 'brahmaloka' amirAma | so 'saravArathasiddhi' tanu, paMcAnuttara nAma // paMcAnuttaranAma, dhAma ekA avatArI / tahAM pUrvabhava base, RSabhajina samakitadhArI // brahmaloka soM caye, bhaye brahmA ihi bhUpara tAteM loka kahAna, deva 'brahmA' saba kAra // 2 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsane bhI kuNDaliyA chandakA 'zata aSTottarI' ko eka kuNDaliyA isa bhAMti hai, 889 prayoga kiyA hai| unakI racanA " sUvA sayAnapa saba gaI, sevo semara vRccha / Aye dhokhe Ama ke, yApai pUraNa iccha // yA pUraNa iccha vRccha ko bheda na jAnyo / rahe viSaya lapadAya, mugdhamati bharama bhulAnyo // phalamahiM nikase tUla svAda puna kachU na hUvA / yahai jagata kI rIti dekhi semarasama sUvA // 3 3 1. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, caturviMzatijinastuti, 16vA~ chappaya, brahmavilAsa, pR0 16 | 2. kavi banArasIdAsa, vedanirNaya paMcAsikA, 48vA~ padya, banArasIvilAsa, jayapura 1654 I0, pR0 66 / 3. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, zata aSTottarI, 74vaoN padya, brahmavilAsa, pR0, 251

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442 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi ghanAkSarI __ ghanAkSarI bhI jaina hindI kaviyoMkA priya chanda hai| 'banArasI vilAsa'meM saMkalita 'jJAna bAvanI' kA nirmANa ghanAkSarIme hI huA hai| usakA eka chanda dekhie, "phaTika pASANa tAhi motIsara mAnai koU, dhuMghacI rakata kahA ratana samAna hai| haMsa baka seta ihAM seta ko na heta kachU, rIrI pIrI bhaI kahA kaMcana ke bAna hai| bheSa bhagavAna ke samAna koU Ana mayo, mudrA ko bhaDAna kahA mokSa ko suthAna hai / banArasIdAsa jJAtA jJAna meM vicAra dekho, kAya joga kaiso hou guNa paradhAna hai // "' phAgu phAgu eka prakArakA loka-gIta hai| yaha prAyaH vasantame gAyA jAtA thA / Age calakara usakA prayoga kisIke bhI AnandavarNana aura saundaryanirUpaName hone lgaa| jinapadmasUrikA 'thUlibhadda phAgu' aisA hI eka kAvya hai| jaina hindoke kaviyone bhagavAn jinendrakI mahimAke arthame 'phAgu' kA prayoga kiyA hai / rAjazekharasUrikA 'neminAthaphAgu', zrI somasundarasUrikA 'neminAthanavarasaphAga', bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNakA 'AdIzvaraphAga', aura banArasIdAsakA 'adhyAtmaphAgu' prasiddha racanAe~ hai / rAjazekharasUrike 'neminAthaphAgu' meM likhI huI rAjomatIke saundaryakI katipaya paMktiyAM dekhie, pada "kiri sasiliMba kapola kannahiM Dola phurtaa| nAsAvaMsA garuDa-caMcu dADimaphala daMtA // prahara pavAla tireha kaMTu rAjala sara rUDau / __ jANuvINu raNaraNaiM jANu koila tthkddlu||"" hindIke bhakti-kAvyameM padoMkA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| sUradAsake vikasita padoMko dekhakara paM0 rAmacandra zuklane anumAna kiyA thA ki sUrasAgara dIrghakAlase 1. zAnabAbanI, 41 vI ghanAkSarI, banArasIvilAsa, jayapura, 1954 I0, pR0 86-87 / 2. rAjazekharasUri, neminAtha phAgu, rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, hindIkAvyadhArA, ilAhAbAda, prathama saMskaraNa, 1945 I0, pR0 480 /

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jaina makti-kAvyakA kalA-pakSa calI AtI huI kisI purAnI paramparAkA vikAsa hai| DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedIne unakA mUla sthAna bauddha siddhoke gAnoMko mAnA hai| usakA mUla rUpa kucha bhI ho, kintu bhakti aura adhyAtmake kSetrame padoMkA jitanA adhika prayoga jaina kaviyoMne kiyA, anya na kara sake / rAjasthAnake jaina bhaNDAroke navIna anusandhAnameM 60 se adhika jaina kaviyoMke race hue 2500 ke lagabhaga hindI padoMkA patA calA hai / isa granthame bhI aneka padaracayitAoMkA ullekha huA hai| unameM banArasIdAsa, kuMarapAla, yazovijaya, mahAtmA Anandadhana, bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, dyAnatarAya, vinayavijaya, jagarAma, devAbrahma, aura bhUdharadAsa atyadhika prasiddha hai / jaina padoMme bhAvAbhivyaktike sAtha-sAtha saMgItAtmakatA bhI vividha rAgarAganiyoMke sAtha-sAtha pAyI jAtI hai| akele 'bhUdharadAsa'ne hI bhUdhara vilAsameM rAga soraTha, rAga kAphI, rAga khyAla, rAga paMcama, rAga naTa, rAga sAraMga, rAga malAra, rAga vihAgaro, rAga bilAvala. rAga gaurI, rAga dhamAla,rAga prabhAtI, rAgaghanAsarI, rAga sAraMga, rAga kalyANa, rAga baravA, rAga vihAga, aura rAga ghanAsArIkA prayoga kiyA hai| banArasIdAsane rAga bhairava, rAga rAmakalI, rAga bilAvala, rAga AsAvarI, rAga baravA, rAga ghanAzrI, rAga sAraMga, rAga gaurI aura kAphImeM adhika likhA hai| mahAtmA Anandadhana to rAga-rAginiyoke paNDita hI the| unake pada rasa pravAhita karane me advitIya mAne jAte hai / 'dhAnatavilAsa' ke padoMmeM bhI aneka naye-naye rAgoMkA prayoga huA hai, uname rAga kedAro, rAga paraja aura rAga basanta to bilakula naye haiN| bhUdharadAsake rAga ghanAsArIkA eka pada dekhie, "zeSa sureza nareza ra tohi, pAra na koI pAvai jU // kATai napata vyoma vilasata sauM, ko tAre gina lA jU ||shess0|| kauna sujAna megha bUMdana kI, saMkhyA samujhi sunAvai jU ||shess0|| bhUdhara sujasa gIta saMpUrana, ganapati mI nahi gAvai jU shess0||" 1. "ataH sUrasAgara kisI calI AtI huI gItakAvya paramparAkA-cAhe vaha maukhika hI rahI ho-pUrNa vikAsa-sA pratIta hotA hai|" paM0 rAmacandra zukla, hindI sAhityakA itihAsa, saMzodhita aura parivartita saMskaraNa, kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, prayAga, 1997 vi0 saM0, pR0 200 / 2. DaoN0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI, hindI sAhityakA AdikAla, paMcama vyAkhyAna, pR0108| 3. bhUdharadAsa, bhUdharavilAsa, 52 vaoN pada, pRSTha 26 /

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444 hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi aDilla jaina - hindI ke kaviyoMne aDilloMkA bhI prayoga kiyA hai / kavi banArasIdAsane 'nATaka samayasAra' me sAta aDilla likhe haiM | bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsane bhI aDilla likhe hai, kintu bahuta km| unakI racanA 'mana battIsI' kA eka aDilla isa prakAra hai, "kahA muMDAye mUDa base kahA kahA nahAye gaMga nadI ke kahA kathA ke sune bacana ke paTukA / " jo basa nAhIM tohi paserI aTakA / / " maTTakA / taTTakA // zrI bhUdharadAsa ke 'pArzva purANa' meM yatra-tatra aDila bhI bikhare hue hai| usakA eka aDilla hai, " aSTa guNAtama rUpa kamala mukta haiM / thiti utapati vinAza, dharma saMyukta haiM // carama deha taiM kachuka, hona paradeza haiM / loka agrapura baseM parama parameza haiM / / 2 harigItikA - layAtmaka chandoMme harigItikAkA pramukha sthAna hai / isameM solaha aura bAraha mAtrAoM para virAma hotA hai / layake saMcaraNake lie pratyeka caraName 5vIM, 12vIM, 19vIM aura 26vIM mAtrAe~ laghu hotI haiM / antima do mAtrAoMmeM upAntya laghu aura antya dIrgha hotA hai / kavi banArasIdAsakA eka harigItikA nimnalikhita hai, "je jagata jana ko kupatha. DArahiM, vakra zikSita turaga se / je harahiM parama, viveka, jIvana, kAla dAruNa uraga se // je puNyavRkSakuThAra vIkhana, gupati vrata mudrA kreN| te karana subhaTa prahAra bhavijana, taba sumAraga paga dharai / soraThA - sabhI jaina kaviyoMne soraThAkA adhikAdhika prayoga kiyA hai| caupAI ke sAtha dohoMke sthAnapara soraTha bhau bahuta likhe gaye hai / pRthaka rUpase bhI soraThIMsa, kvitA "" Tis bhaiyA bhagavaMtodAsa, manabattIsI, rahavA~ padya, mahAvilAsa, pR0 264 / 2. bhUdharadAsa, pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, navamo'dhikAraH, 86vaoN padya, pRSTha' 78 / 3. sUkti muktAbalI, 6evaoN padya, banArasI vilAsa, jayapura, 1654 I05 50 52 /

Page #471
415 jaina bhakti-kAvyakA kalA-pakSa huI hai / kavi bhUdharadAsake 'pAzvapurANa'kA eka soraThA hai, "zyAmavarana yaha jAni, dhUpa dhuvAM nama ko calyo / kidhauM punyaDara mAni, dhUvAM misa pAtaga bhajyo / " naye chanda kavi banArasIdAsane aneka navIna chandoMkA prayoga kiyA hai| vastu, AbhAnaka, roDaka, karikhA, besari, aura padmAvatI to bilakula navIna haiN| padmAvatI chandameM kavine balAghAtake dvArA layAtmakatA utpanna kI hai| unakA likhA huA eka padmAvatI chanda isa prakAra hai, "jyoM nIrAga puruSa ke sanamukha, purakAmini kaTAkSa kara uutthii| jyoM dhana tyAgarahita prabhusevana, Usara meM varaSA jima chUThI // jyoM zilamAhiM kamala ko bovana, pavana pakara jima bAMdhiye mutthii| ye karatUti hoya jima niSphala, tyoM bina mAva kriyA saba jhUThI // " kavi bhUdharadAsa naye-naye chandoMko viSayake anukUla DhAlaneme nipuNa haiN| unhoMne narendra aura vyomavatI chandakA prayoga saMgItako layake sAtha kiyA hai| vyomavatI chandakA eka udAharaNa dekhie, "je pradhAna kehari ko pakae~, pannaga pakara pA~va soM cApai / jinakI tanaka dekha mauM bA~kI, koTaka sUradInatA jApai // aise puruSa pahAra ur3Avana, pralaya pavana tiya veda pyaapai| dhanya dhanya te sAdhu sAhasI, mana sumeru jinako nahiM kAMpai / " alaMkAra yojanA jaina-hindI kaviyoMkI racanAoMme alaMkAra svabhAvataH Aye hai| arthAt alaMkAroMko balAt lAnekA prayAsa nahIM kiyA gyaa| jaina kaviyoMne bhAvako hI pradhAnatA dI hai| bhAva-gata saundaryako akSuNNa rakhate hue yadi alaMkAra Ate bhI hai, to unase kavitA bojhila nahIM ho paatii| jaina kaviyoMkI kavitAose pramANita hai ki unameM alaMkAroMkA prayoga to huA hai, kintu unako pramukhatA kabhI nahIM dI gyo| ve sadaiva mUla bhAvakI abhivyaktimeM sahAyaka-bhara pramANita hue hai / jaina 1. bhUdharadAsa, pArzvapurANa, aSTamo'dhikAraH, zvaoN soraThA, pRSTha 68 / 2. sUktimuktAvalI, 85 vA~ padya, banArasIvilAsa, jayapura, 1654 I0, pR0 61 / 3. pAvapurANa, kalakattA, caturtha adhikAra, bAvIsaparISaha, pRSTha 31 /

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hindI jaina makti-kAvya aura kavi kaviyoMkA anuprAsopara ekAdhikAra thaa| kavi banArasIdAsakI aneka racanAoM meM anuprAsokA sundara prayoga huA hai / 'nATaka samayasAra kA eka padya dekhie, " reta kI-sI gar3hI kidhoM mar3hI hai masAna kI-sI, andara aMdherI jaisI kandarA hai saila kI / Upara kI camaka damaka paTabhUkhana kI, dhokhe lAge bhalI jaisI kalI hai kanaila kI / aratr3I mahA mauMr3I moha kI kanoMr3I, mAyA kI masUrati hai mUrati hai maila kI / aisI deha yAhi ke saneha yAkI saMgati soM, hai rahI hamArI mati kolU ke se baila kI / / " " bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsane apanA pUrA 'paramAtma zataka' yamaka alaMkAra meM likhA hai / usake do padya dekhie, 416 "pIre hohu sujAna pIre kAre hai rahe / pIre tuma bina jJAna pIre sudhA subuddhi kaha~ / ' X X X "mai na kAma jItyo balI, mai na kAma rasalIna / maina kAma apano kiyo, mai na kAma AdhIna // 3 hindIke jaina -kAvyoMmeM aneka arthAlaMkAroMkA prayoga huA hai| unameM bhI upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka aura zleSameM saundarya adhika hai / jaina kaviyone sAdRzyamUlaka alakAroMkI yojanA kevala svarUpa mAtrakA bodha karAneke lie nahIM kI, apitu upameyake bhAvako sundaratA ke sAtha abhivyakta karaneke lie kI hai / kavi banArasIdAsa ne eka padameM A~khoMko cAtaka aura niraMjananAthako ghanakI bUMda banAyA hai, "kaba rUci sauM pIvaiM haga cAtaka, bUMda akhayapada ghana kI / kaba zubha dhyAna dharauM samatA gahi karUM na mamatA tana kI~ // " 1. nATaka samayasAra, buddhilAla zrAvakakI TIkAsahita, hindI jaina grantharatnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, 840, pR0 252-253 / 2. isameM prathama 'pIre' kA artha pyAre, dvitIyakA 'pIle', tRtIyakA 'pIDita' aura caturthakA 'piyo' hai / 3. pahale 'kAma' kA artha hai 'kAmadevako nahIM', dUsare 'nakAma' kA artha hai vyartha, tIsarekA 'kArya nahIM kiyA', aura cauthekA 'kAmadevake adhIna nahI hU~' / vahI, vA~ dohA, pRSTha 280 // 1954 I0, 4. banArasIdAsa, adhyAtmapadapaMkti, 13vA~ pada, banArasIvilAsa, jayapura, pR0 231 /

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jaina bhakti kAvyakA kalA-pakSa kavi dyAnatarAyane cittako cakora aura jinendrako candra, tathA apane pApoMko uraga aura prabhuke nAmako mora mAnA hai, " mavi ! pUjau mana vaca zrI jinendra, cita cakora sukha karana inda | kumati kumudinI harana sUra, vidhana saghana vana dahana bhUra // bhavi0 // pApa u prabhu nAma mora, moha mahAtama dalana bhora // bhavi0 // bhUgharadAsakI racanAoM meM utprekSAoko adhikatA hai / eka sthAnapara unhone likhA hai ki bhagavAn AdinAthake caraNoMpara devagaNa bhAla jhukA rahe hai, to vaha mAno apane kukarmokI rekhA meTanA cAhate haiM, 2,, "amara samUha Ani avanI sauM ghasi ghasi sIsa pranAma karai haiM / kidhauM mAla kukarama kI rekhA, dUra karana kI buddhi ghare haiM // surAsura rAjA bhagavAn zAntinAthake caraNoMpara apanA bhAla jhukAkara praNAma kara rahe hai / unake bhAlapara nIla maNise jar3e hue mukuTa lage hai / bhAlake sAtha-sAtha ve 'mukuTa bhI jhukate hai, aura unake sAtha nIla maNiyAM bhI, to aisA pratIta hotA hai jaise mAno bhagavAnke caraNa-kamaloMkI sugandhiko sUMghaneke lie bhauroMkI paMkti hI calI AyI hai, "sevata pAya surAsura rAya, namaiM zira nAya mahItala tAI // mauli lage mani nIla dipaiM prabhu ke caraNoM jhalake vaha jhAIM / sUMghana pAya saroja-sugandhi, kidhauM cali ye ali paGkati zrAI // " pANDuka zilApara bhagavAn pArzvaprabhukA kSIrodadhike jalase snAna kiyA jA rahA hai| snapanakA jala AkAzame uchala uThA, to aisA pratIta huA jaise ki vaha pAparahita hokara Urdhva dizAmeM jA rahA hai| snAnake uparAnta bhagavAnke zarIrapara zacIne kuMkumAdikA lepa kiyA / vaha mAno nIlagiripara sAMjha phUlI ho / ' 5 447 1. dyAnatarAya, dyAnatavilAsa, kalakattA, 4havA~ pada, pR0 21 / 2. bhUdharadAsa, jainazataka, kalakattA, AdinAtha stuti savaiyA, pahalA padya, pR0 1 | 3. vahI, chaThA~ padya, pR0 2 // 4. calI nhaina ke nIra kI chaTA nabha mAhi / svAmI saMga agha bina bhaI kyoM nahiM karadha jAhi // bhUdharadAsa, pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, SaSTho'dhikAraH, pR0 52 // 5. aba indrAnI jinavara aMga, nirjala kiyo vasana zuci saMga / kuMkumAdilepana bahu liye, prabhu ke deha vilepana kiye // ihi zobhA isa ausara mAMjha, kidhoM nIlagiri phUlI sAMjha / vahI, SaSTho'dhikAraH, pR0 53 /

Page #474
hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi kavi banArasIdAsake 'nATaka samayasAra' meM bhI uttama utprekSAoMkA prayoga huA hai / vinazvara zarIrapara kalpanA karate hue kavine likhA hai, "Thaura Thaura rakavi ke kuNDa kesani ke jhuNDa, 448 hAr3ani soM bharI jaise tharI hai curaila kI / thore se dhakkA lage aise phaTa jAya mAnoM kAgada kI pUrI kIdhI cAdara hai caila kI // 1," jaina kaviyoMkI racanAoMmeM 'rUpaka' alaMkAroMkA bhI prayoga huA hai / unhone upameyameM upamAnakA Aropa kuzalatAse kiyA hai / kavi banArasIdAsane prastuta aura aprastutakA kevala rUpasAdRzya hI nahI dikhAyA, kintu prastutake bhAvako bhI tIvra kiyA hai| kAyAko citrazAlAmeM karmakA palaMga bichA hai / usapara acetanatAkI nIMdame cetana so rahA hai, " kAyA kI citracArI meM karama parajaMka bhArI, mAyA kI saMvArI seja cAdara kalapanA | zaina karai cetana acetana nIda liye, moha kI marora yahai locana ko DhapanA // udai bala jora hai zvAsa ko zabda ghora, viSai sukhakArI jAkI daura yahI sapanA | aisI mUr3ha dazA meM magana rahe tihu~ kAla dhAve bhrama jAla meM na pAve rUpa apanA // 2" bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsake rUpakoMmeM oja hai / kAyAkI nagarIme cidAnandarUpI rAjA rAjya karatA hai / vaha mAyA-sI rAnIme magna rahatA hai / usake pAsa mohakA faujadAra, krodhakA kotavAla aura lobhakA vaz2Ira hai / "kAyA sI ju nagarI meM cidAnaMda rAja karai, mAyA sI ju rAnI pai magana bahu bhayo hai / moha so hai phaujadAra krodha so hai kotavAra, lobha so vajIra jahAM lUTibe ko rahyo hai // udai ko jukAjI mAne, mAna ko adala jAnai, kAma sevA kAna vIsa zrAi vAko ko hai / 1. nATaka samayasAra, prAcIna hindI jaina kavi, jaina sAhitya sammelana, damoha, pR0 67 / 2. banArasIdAsa, nATakasamayasAra, buddhilAla zrAvakakI TokAsahita, jaina grantha ratnA - kara kAryAlaya, bambaI, 7114, pR0 175-176 /

Page #475
jaina bhakti-kAvyakA kalA-pakSa 1," aisI rAjadhAnI meM apane guNa bhUli gayo, sudhi jaba AI tabai jJAna bhai gahayo hai // bhUdharadAsane bhI aneka rUpakoMkA nirmANa niyA hai / mana sUA hai, aura bhagavAn jinendrake pada piNjdd'aa| isa manarUpI sUene saMsArake aneka vRkSoke kar3ave phaloMko tor3a-tor3akara cakhA hai, kintu unase kucha huA nhiiN| phira bhI vaha nizcinta hai / bhagavAnke caraNarUpI pijar3eme nahIM basatA / kAlarUpI vana-bilAva usako tAka rahA hai, vaha avasara pAte hI dAba legA phira koI na bacA skegaa| bhUdharadAsakA eka anya pada, "suni ThaganI mAyA, tai saba jaga Thaga khAyA" me prasiddha rUpaka hai / 3 jaina kaviyoMne pratipAdya viSayako prabhAvazAlI banAneke lie navIna upamAnoMke udAharaNa diye hai / unhoMne paramparAgata upamAnoMko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai, kintu bahuta kama / unakI nijI anubhUtiyone nayI kalpanAoMko janma dekara varNya viSayake saundaryako bar3hAyA hai / jaina kaviyoMke 'udAharaNa' alaMkArakI eka pRthak hI zobhA hai / kavi banArasIdAsakA eka udAharaNAlaMkAra isa prakAra hai / " jaise nizivAsara raheM paMka hI meM, paMkaja kahAvai pai na vAke DhiMga paMka hai / jaise mantravAdI viSadhara soM gahAveM gAta, maMtra kI zakati vAke binA viSa DaMka hai / jaise jIma gahe cikanAI rahe rUkhe aMga, pAnI meM kanaka jaise kAI se aTaka hai / taise jJAnavAna nAnA bhAMti karatuti ThAnai, kiriyA taiM na mAne mote nikalaMka hai // ,, 449 1. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, zatamaSTottarI savaiyA, 2havA~, brahmavilAsa, san 1626 I0, jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, pR0 14 / 2. mere mana sUvA, jinapada pIMjare vasi yAra lAva na bAra re // saMsAra me balabUccha sevata, gayo kAla apAra re / viSaya phala tisa tor3i cAkhe, kahA dekhyo sAra re // tU kyoM nicinto sadA tokoM, takata kAla maMjAra re / dAve acAnaka Ana taba tujhe, kauna leya ubAra re // bhUdharadAsa, bhUdharavilAsa, kalakattA, 5vA~ pada, pR0 3-4 / 3. vahI, vaoN pada, pR0 5 / 4. banArasIdAsa, nATakasamayasAra, jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, 75, pR0 167-168 /

Page #476
hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi muni jayalAla 'vimalanAtha stavana' me bhI udAharaNAlaMkArakA prayoga huA hai| eka sthAnapara unhoMne likhA hai ki bhagavAn ke darzanase mana aisA prasanna huA, jaise ki candrake dekhane se cakora harSita hotA hai, "tuma darasana mana haraSA, caMdA jema cakorA jI / rAjaridhi mAMga nahIM, bhavi bhavi darasana torA jI // "," 450 dyAnatarAyane aneka udAharaNoMke dvArA varNya viSayako sundara banAyA hai / eka sthAnapara unhoMne likhA hai ki samyaktvake binA isa jIvanako dhikkAra hai / samyaktvake binA jIvana kaisA hai, yaha batAneke lie, unhoMne aneka udAharaNa diye haiM, "jyoM binu kaMta kAminI zobhA, aMbuja binu saravara jyoM sUnA / jaise binA ekar3e bindI, tyoM samakita bina sarava gunA // jaise bhUpa binA saba senA nIMva binA maMdira cunanA / jaise canda bihUnI rajanI, inheM Adi jAno nipunA // " pANDe rUpacandakI racanAoM meM bhI upameyako udAharaNoMke dvArA puSTa banAyA gayA hai / unameM saundarya hai / eka sthAnapara unhoMne likhA hai ki viSayoMke sevanase tRSNA bujhatI nahIM, jaise khArI jalase pyAsa upazama nahIM hotI, "viSayana sevate maye, tRSNA teM na bujhAya / jyoM jala khArA pIvate, bAr3he tRSAdhikAya // " vinokti alaMkArame ekake binA dUsareke zobhita athavA azobhita honekA varNana kiyA jAtA hai / kavi bhUdharadAsane rAgake binA saMsArake bhogoMkI sArahInatAkA varNana kiyA hai, "rAga udai moga bhAva lAgata suhAvane se, binA rAga aise lAge jaise nAga kAre haiM / ' rAga hIna soM pAga rahe tana meM sadIva jIva, rAga gaye bhAvata gilAni hota nyAre haiM // 1. isI granthakA dUsarA adhyAya / 2. dyAnatarAya, dhAnatavilAsa, kalakattA, 35vA pada, pR0 15 / 3. isI granthakA dUsarA adhyAya /

Page #477
jaina bhakti-kAvyakA kalA-pakSa rAga soM jagata rIti jhUThI saba sAMca jAne, rAga miTe sUjhata asAra khela sAre haiN| rAgI bina rAgI ke bicAra meM bar3o hI bheda, jaise maTA pathya kAhu kAhu ko bayAre haiN|" kavi banArasIdAsake 'ardha-kathAnaka meM AkSepAlaMkArakA sthAna-sthAnapara samAveza huA hai / eka AkSepAlaMkAra nimna prakArase hai, "zaMkha rUpa ziva deva, mahAzaMkha vnaarsii| doU mile aveva, sAhiba sevaka eka se // " AtmA aura paramAtmAke nirUpaNameM kavi banArasIdAsane virodhAbhAsa alaMkArakA bhI acchA paricaya diyA hai / nimnalikhita padyameM virodhAbhAsa alaMkAra hai, "eka meM aneka hai aneka hI meM eka hai so, eka na aneka kachu kahyo na parata hai|" prakRti-citraNa jaina kaviyoMkA mukhya sambandha mAnavaprakRtise hI rahA hai, kintu unhoMne bAhya prakRtikA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA hai| jaina muni prAyaH nadI, sarovarake kinAre, parvatoMke Upara yA bhayAvaha kAntAroMmeM tapa karate the| prakRti apanA roSa dikhAtI thI, kintu muni vicalita nahIM hote the / sAvanakA mAha hai, aura nemIzvara girinArapara tapa karane cale gaye haiM / isapara rAjImatI kahatI hai, "piyA sAvana meM vrata lIje nahIM, ghanaghora ghaTA jura bhAvegI / cahuM ora teM mora ju zora kareM, bana kokila kuhaka sunAvaigI // piya raina a~dherI meM sUjha nahIM, kachu dAmina damaka DarAvaigo / 1. bhUdharadAsa, jainazataka, kalakattA 18vA~ pada, pR06| 2. banArasIdAsa, ardhakathAnaka, nAthUrAma premI sampAdita, saMzodhita saMskaraNa, akTUbara 1957, bambaI, 237 vaoN soraThA, pR0 27 / 3. banArasIdAsa, nATakasamayasAra, jaina grantharatnAkara, bambaI, hA13, pR0 281 /

Page #478
452 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi puravAI kI jhoMka sahoge nahIM, china meM tapa teja chdd'aavaigii||" bhUdharadAsane grISmakI bhayaMkaratAkA ullekha kiyA hai| jeThakA sUrya tapa rahA hai, sarovara sUkha gaye haiM, patthara tacakara lAla ho gaye hai, nagna jaina sAdhu unapara baiThakara tapa karate haiM, "jeTha tapai ravi Akaro, sUkhai saravara nIra / zaila zikhara muni tapa tapaiM, dAjhai nagana zarIra // te guru mere mana bso||" bhUdharadAsane isI dRzyako eka dUsare sthAnapara adhika sazakta vANImeM vyakta kiyA hai / jaba jeTha jhakoratA hai, cIla aNDA chor3atI hai, pazu-pakSI chAMha DhUr3hate hai, parvata dAha-puMjase ho jAte hai, taba jaina sAdhu unapara tapa karate hai, "jeTha kI jhakore jahAM aMDA cIla chorai pazu, paMchI chAMha loreM giri kora tapa ve dhare // " mAnavakI antaHprakRtiko aMkita karanemeM jaina kaviyoMne bAhyaprakRtise sahAyatA lI hai / toraNadvArase lauTakara nemIzvara girinArapara tapa karane cale gaye / rAjImatIkI AMkhose AMsuoMkI dhAra baha niklii| vaha isI dazAmeM nemIzvarako dekhane ke lie girinArako ora cala par3I / usa samaya kavi hemavijayasUrine prakRtikA vAtAvaraNa aisA aMkita kiyA hai, jisase rAjImatIke hRdayakA hAhAkAra sAkSAt ho uThA hai / vaha padya dekhie, "ghanaghora ghaTA unayI ju naI, itne utatai camakI bijalI / piyure piyure papihA bilalAti ju, mora kiMgAra karaMti milI // bica bindu pare haga AMsu jhareM, duni dhAra apAra isI niklii| muni hema ke sAhaba dekhana *, ugrasena lalI su akelo calI // " bahuta prAcIna kAlase jaina sAdhuke Agamanapara prakRti harSa prakaTa karatI rahI hai| zrI kuzalalAbhane apane guru zrI pUjyavAhaNake svAgatame pulakita prakRtiko aMkita kiyA hai, 1. vinodIlAla, nemi-rAjulakA bArahamAsA, 4thA padya, bArahamAsA-saMgraha, jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA.pR0 24 / 2. bhUdharadAsa, gus-stuti, 7vaoN padya, bRhajjinavANI saMgraha, 1956 I0, pR0 150 / 3. bhUdharadAsa, jainazataka, kalakattA, 13vA~ pada, pR0 4 / 5. isI granthakA dUsarA adhyAya /

Page #479
jaina makti kAvyakA kalA-pakSa 453 "pravacana vacana vistAra bharatha taravara ghaNA re / ___ kokila kAminI gIta gAyai zrI guru taNA re // gAjai gAjai gagana gaMbhIra zrI pUjyanI dezanA re| maviyaNa mora cakora thAyai zuma vAsanA re|| sadA guru dhyAna snAna lahari zItala bahai re / kIrti sujasa visAla sakala jaga mahamahai re||" vinayaprabha upAdhyAyane 'sImandhara svAmI stavana me likhA hai ki merugirike uttuMga zikhara, gaganake TimaTimAte tArAgaNa aura samudrakI taraMgamAlikA, somandhara svAmIke guNoMkA stavana karate hai / vaha padya isa prakAra hai, "merugiri-sihari dhaya-baMdhaNaM jo kuNai, __ gayaNi tArA gaNai, veluA-kaNa miNai / carama-sAyara-jale lahari-mAlA muNai sovi nahu, sAmi, tuha samvahA guNa thuNai // " jaba bhagavAn mahAvIra saMghasahita vipulAcalapara padhAre, to vahAMkI prakRti chaha RtuoMke phala-phUloMse yukta ho gyii| vanapAlane una saba phala-phUloMko, mahArAjA zreNikake sammukha lAkara rakhA, jisase unhe bhagavAn mahAvorake AgamanakA vizvAsa ho sake, "romAMcita bana pAlaka tAma | Aya rAya prati kiyo pranAma / chaha Rtu ke phala phUla anUpa / bhAge dhare anUpama rUpa // " jaina kaviyoMne upameyako puSTa banAneke lie, upamAnoMko prAyaH prakRtike vistRta kSetrase cunA hai| hetutprekSAoMmeM ina upamAnoMkI chaTA aura bhI adhika vikasita huI hai / vinayaprabha upAdhyAyane 'gautamarAsA me gautamake saundaryakA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki gautamake netra, kara aura caraNase parAjita hokara hI kamala jalameM praveza kara gaye hai, unake tejase hArakara tArA, candra aura sUrya AkAzameM bhramaNa kara uThe haiM / unake rUpane madanako anaMga banAkara nikAla diyA hai| unake dhairya se meru aura gambhIratAse sindhu lajjita hokara pRthvImeM dhaMsa gaye haiM, "nayaNa vayaNa karacaraNi jiNa vi paMkaja jala pADiya, tejihi tArA caMda sUra AkAsi mamADiya / 1. kuzalalAma, zrI pUjyavAhaNagItam , paba 63-64, aitihAsika jainakAvyasaMgraha, kalakattA, vi0 saM0 1994, pR0 116 / / 2. isI granthakA dUsarA adhyaayaa| 3. bhUdharadAsa, pArkhapurANa, kalakattA, pArzvanAthajIkI stuti, 26vaoN paca, pR0 3 /

Page #480
454 hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi rUvihi mayaNu anaMga karavi mehiu nihADiya, dhorima meru gaMmIri siMdhu caMgima caya cADiya // " bhUdharadAsane utprekSAoMke dvArA varNya viSayako sundara banAyA hai| uname adhikAMza prakRtise lI gayI haiN| bhagavAn pArzvanAthake zarIrapara eka sahasra aura ATha lakSaNa isa bhAMti suzobhita ho rahe haiM, jaise mAno kalpatarurAjake kusuma hI virAje hoN| tIrthakara pArzvaprabhuke samavazaraNake cAroM ora valayAkRti khAI banI hai, usameM nirmala jala lahareM le rahA hai, vaha mAno gaMgA pradakSiNA de rahI hai, "valayAkRti khAI banI, nirmala jala lahareya / kidhauM vimala gaMgA nadI, prabhu paradachanA deya // " bhagavAn jinendradeva samavazaraName svarNa siMhAsanapara virAjamAna hai| donoM morase yakSanAyaka camara DhulA rahe hai / usapara kalpanA karate hue kavine likhA hai, "caMdrArci caya chavi cAru caMcala, camara vRnda suhAvane / Dole nirantara jacchanAyaka, kahata kyoM upamA bane / yaha nIlagiri ke zikhara mAno, megha jhara lAgI dhanI / so jayo pAsa jinendra pAtaka harana jaga cUr3AmanI // " ___ jaina kaviyoMkA 'udAharaNAlaMkAra' bhI prakRti citraNase yukta hai| kavi banArasIdAsake 'nATaka samayasAra meM adhikAMza udAharaNa prakRtike kSetrase hI cune gaye hai| eka isa prakAra hai, "jaise mahImaMDala meM nadI ko pravAha eka, tAhI meM aneka mAMti nIra kI darani hai| pAthara ke jora tahAM dhAra kI marora hota, kAMkara kI khAni tahAM jhAga kI jharani hai // pauna kI jhakora tahAM caMcala taraMga uThe, bhUmi kI nicAni tahAM bhauMra kI parani hai| 1. dekhie isI granthakA dUsarA adhyaay| 2. sahasa aThotara lachana ye, zobhita jinavara deha / kidhauM kalpatarurAja ke, kusuma virAjata yeha // bhUdharadAsa, pArzvapurANa, jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA, saptamo'dhikAraH, pR0 57 / 3. vahI, aSTamo'dhikAraH, pR068|| ' 4. bhUdharadAsa, pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, aSTamo'dhyAya:, aSTaprAtihAryavarNana, pR071| - -

Page #481
jaina bhakti-kAvyakA kalA-pakSa 155 taiso eka AtmA anaMta rasa pudgala, __dohU ke saMyoga meM vimAva kI marani hai|" bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsake udAharaNoMme bhI prakRtiko hI jhalaka hai| pratyeka vyakti apane puNya-pApake anusAra phala pAtA hai| isameM prakRtikA koI doSa nahIM hai / grISmakI dhUpame pRthvI jala uThatI hai, kintu 'Aka' umaMgita hokara phUlatA hai| varSARtume aneka vRkSa phala jAte haiM, kintu javAsA jala jAtA hai, "grISama meM dhUpa parai tAmeM bhUmi bhArI jarai, phUlata hai Aka puni ati hI umahi kaiN| varSA Rtu megha jharai tAmai vRkSa keI pharai, jarata jamAsA agha prApuhI te Dahikai / / Rtu ko na doSa koU puNya pApa phalai doU, jaise jaise kiye pUrva taiseM rahai sahirke / keI jIva sukhI hohiM keI jIva dukhI hohiM, dekhahu tamAso 'bhaiyA' nyAre neka rahikai // " jaina kaviyoMkA rUpaka alaMkAra bho prakRtise hI liyA gayA hai| kavi Anandadhanane jJAnodaya aura prabhAtake 'sAga rUpaka'kA citra eka padameM upasthita kiyA hai, "mere ghaTa jJAna bhAva bhayo mora / cetana cakavA cetana cakavI, bhAgau viraha ko sora // phailI cahu~dizi catura bhAva ruci, mivyau bharama tama jora / ApanI corI Apahi jAnata, aurai kahata na cora / amala kamala vikasita bhaye bhUtala, maMda vizada zazi kora / AnaMdaghana eka ballama lAgata, aura na lAkha kirora // " kavi dyAnatarAyane eka padameM 'jJAna-vibhava' aura 'basanta' meM 'rUpaka' upasthita kiyA hai / yaha pada prakRti-mUlaka rahasyavAdakA dRSTAnta hai| "tuma jJAnavibhava phUlI basaMta, yaha mana madhukara sukha soM ramanta / dina bar3e bhaye vairAga bhAva, mithyAmata rajanI ko ghaTAva / 1. banArasIdAsa, nATakasamayasAra, bambaI, pR0 246 / 2. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, puNyapacIsikA, 24vaoN kavitta, brahmavilAsa, 1626 I0, bambaI, pR07| 3. mahAtmA Anandadhana, AnandadhanapadasaMgraha, adhyAtmajJAnaprasAraka maNDala, bambaI, 15vaoN pd|

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hindI jaina matti-kAvya aura kavi bahu phUlI phailI suruci beli, jJAtA jana samatA saMga keli / dhAnata vAnI pika madhura rUpa, sura nara pazu AnaMdadhana surUpa // " bhUdharadAsane zAradAko gaMgA nadI banAkara eka uttama rUpakakI racanA kI hai, "vIra himAcala se nikarI, guru gautama ke mukha-kuMDa darI hai| moha-mahAcala bheda calI, jaga kI jar3atAtapa dUra karI hai // jJAna payonidhi mAMhi ralI, bahu maMga taraMgani soM ucharI hai| tA zuci zArada gaMganadI prati, maiM aMjulIkara zIza dharI hai // " bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsane AtmAko zuka kahA hai| zukakI bhAMti hI yaha AtmA karmarUpI nalinapara jA baiThI hai| viSayasvAdame magna honeke kAraNa usake paira Uparako ho gaye hai| vaha mohake caMgulame phaMsa gayA hai| yaha saba kucha karmose chuTakArA na milaneke kAraNa hI huA hai, "Atama-sUvA bharamamahiM bhUlyo kama-nalina maiM baiTho Aya / viSaya svAda viramyo iha thAnaka, laTakyo tarai Urdhva bhaye pA~ya // pakarai moha magana cuMgala soM, kahai kama soM nAhiM basAya / dekhahu ki nahiM suvicAra bhavika jana, jagata jIva yaha dharai svamAya // " jaina kaviyone prakRtiko Alambana rUpame bhI upasthita kiyA hai, kintu aise dRzya alpa hI hai / brahmarAyamallane 'hanuvaMta kathA'me sandhyA samayakA citra khIcA hai| zrI pavanaMjairAya apane mitroMsahita prAsAdake Upara baiThe hue sandhyAkI zobhA dekha rahe hai / vaha padya isa prakAra hai, "dina gata bhayo athayo mANa, paMSI zabda karai asamAna / mitta sahita pavanaMjai rAya, maMdira Upara baiTho jAya // dekhai paMSI sarovara tIra, karai zabda ati gahara gahIra / dasai disA muSa kAlo bhayo, cakahA cakihI aMtara layo // " jainakAvyoMme prakRti zAntarasake uddIpanake rUpameM bhI aMkita kI gayI hai| bhUdharadAsane 'pArzvapurANa' meM kAzIdezake kheTapura paTTanakA varNana kiyA hai| usake Asa-pAsake prAkRtika dRzyoMme zAnta-bhAvako uddIpta karaneko paryApta sAmarthya thii| eka padya dekhie, 1. yAnatarAya, dhAnatavilAsa, kalakattA, 58vaoN pada, pR0 24 / 2. bhUdharadAsa, zAradAstavana, padya 1-2, zAnapIThapUjAMjali, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1957 I0, pR0 523 / 3. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, puNyapacIsikA, 20vA~ kavitta, brahmavilAsa, bambaI, pR06 / 4. dekhie, isI granthakA chaThA adhyAya /

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457 jaina bhakti-kAnyakA kalA-pakSa "nIra agAdha nadI nita bahaiM / jalacara jIva jahA~ nita haiM / muni jana bhUSita jinake tIra / kA usagga dhari ThAr3e dhIra // U~ce paravata jharanA jhae~ / mArama jAta pathika mana hre // jinameM sadA kandarA thAna / nihacala deha dharai muni dhyAna // " zrI dyAnatarAyane nandIzvara dvIpakI prAkRtika zobhAkA bhI aisA hI citraNa kiyA hai, jisase zAntabhAva aura adhika puSTa hotA hai| vaha padya isa prakAra hai, "eka ika cAra dizi cAra zuma bAvarI / eka ika lAkha jojana amala jalamarI // cahuM dizi cAra vana lAkha jojana vrN| mauMna bAvanna pratimA namoM sukhakaraM / " 1. bhUdharadAsa, pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, paMcamo'dhikAraH, pR0 41 / / 2. yAnatarAya, nandIzvaradIpa-pUjA, jayamAlA, padya 3-5, bRhajjinavANI saMgraha, 1956 I0, pR0 417 /

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:5: tulanAtmaka vivecana 1. nirguNopAsanA aura jaina-bhakti brahma ___AcArya yogIndune zuddha AtmAko brahma kahA hai| AtmA aura siddhakA svarUpa eka hI hai, ataH unhone siddha aura brahmameM abheda svIkAra kiyA hai| jaina hindI kavi bhaTTAraka zubhacandra', banArasIdAsa aura bhagavatIdAsa 'bhaiyA'" ne bhI siddha 1. mUDha viyakkhaNu baMmu paru appA ti-vihu havei / paramAtmaprakAza, 1113, pR0 22 / 2. jehau Nimmalu NANamau siddhihi Nivasai deu / tehau Nivasai baMbhu paru dehaha maM kari bheu / vahI, 226, pR033| 3. ciDUpacitA cetana re sAkSI parama brahma / paramAtmA paramaguru tihAM navi dIsiyamma / zAMta dAMta vijJAna guNa re siddha sarUpa smaan| jJAnamAtra vyApI vipula dehamAtra asamAna // 7 // tattvasAradUhA, hastalikhita prati, mandira TholiyAna, jayapura, pR0 5 / 4. paramapuruSa paramezvara parama jyoti parabrahma pUrana parama paradhAna hai| X sarava darasI saravajJa siddha svAmI ziva dhanI nAtha Iza jagadIza bhagavAna hai // nATakasamayasAra, sastI granthamAlA, dariyAgaMja, dillI, 36vaoN padya, pR0 8 / 5. jeI guNa siddha mAhiM teI guNa brahma pAhiM siddha brahma phera nAhiM nizcaya niradhAra ke| siddha ke samAna hai virAjamAna cidAnaMda tAhI ko nihAra nija rUpa mAna lIjiye // brahmavilAsa, siddha caturdazI, padya 2-3, pR0 141 /

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tulanAtmaka vivecana aura brahmako eka mAnA hai / ATha karmoke kSayase zuddha AtmAkI upalabdhiko siddhi kahate haiM, aura aisI siddhi karanevAle siddha kahalAte hai' / ve amUrtika, avyakta, jJAnayukta aura zAzvata sukhake dhAraNakartA hote haiM / unameM samyaktva, darzana, jJAna, vIrya, sUkSmatA, avagAhana, agurulaghu aura avyAbAdha nAmake ATha guNa mAne gaye hai| kabIrakA 'nirguNa brahma' amUrtika aura avyaktako dRSTise to 'siddha' ke samAna hI haiM, kintu usame guNoMkA aisA sayuktika vibhAjana nahIM kiyA gayA hai / usame aisA bhAvonmeSa bhI upalabdha nahIM hotA / kabIrane jisa AtmAkA nirUpaNa kiyA hai, vaha vizvavyApI brahmakA eka aMza-bhara hai, jabaki jaina kaviyoM kI 'AtmA' karmamalako dhokara svayaM brahma bana jAtI hai, vaha kisI anyakA aMza nahIM hai / isa bhA~ti kabIrakA brahma eka hai, jaba ki jainoMke aneka, kintu svarUpagata samAnatA honeke kAraNa uname bhI ekatvakI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai / kabIrane jisa brahmakI upAsanA kI hai, usapara upaniSadoM, siddhoM, yogiyoM, sahajavAdiyoM aura islAmika ekezvaravAdiyoMkA prabhAva par3A hai | AcArya kSitimohana senakI dRSTime kabIradAsane apanI AdhyAtmika kSudhA aura vizvaprAsI AkAMkSAko tRpta karaneke lie hI aisA kiyA hai| jainoM kA brahma to AdhyAtmikatAkA sAkSAt pratIka hI hai / usapara kisI anyakA prabhAva nahIM hai / vaha apanI hI pUrva paramparAkA poSaNa karatA hai / bhAvukatA ke kSetra meM bhI yaha hI bAta hai| kabIrakA jJAnI brahma sUfiyoMke prabhAvase prema aura bhaktikA viSaya bana sakA, jaba ki jainoMke siddha sadiyoM pUrvase bhakti ke Alambana aura premake AkarSaNa - kendra bane cale A rahe the / AcArya kundakunda ( vi0 saM0 pahalI zatI ) ne sabase pahale prAkRta bhASAmeM 'siddhabhakti' likhI, AcArya pUjyapAda aura somadevane usIko saMskRta meM prazasta kiyA / 'siddhabhakti se 459 1. AcAryaM pUjyapAda, siddhabhaktiH, pahalA zloka, dazabhaktiH, zolApura, 1621 I0, pR0 27 / 2. saMmatta NANa daMsaNa vIriya suhumaM taheva avagahaNaM / agurulahumaNvAvAhaM aTThaguNA hoMti siddhANaM // AcArya kundakunda, siddhabhaktiH, dazabhaktiH, zolApura, pR0 66 / 3. paramAtmaprakAza, Introduction, DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye likhita, pR0 34-35 | 4. "kabIrakI AdhyAtmika kSudhA aura AkAMkSA vizvagrAsI hai, isIlie unhoMne hindU, musalamAna, sUphI, vaiSNava, yogI prabhRti saba sAdhanAoMko jorase pakar3a rakhA hai|" AcArya kSitimohana sena, kabIrakA yoga, kalyANa, yogAMka, 10 266 /

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hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi sambandhita aneka prAcIna stuti-stotra bhI upalabdha hue hai, jinakA vivecana isI granthake dUsare adhyAyameM kiyA gayA hai| AcArya pUjyapAdane to premako hI bhakti kahA hai| isI kAraNa 'siddha' meM jo rasavibhoratA hai, vaha bauddhoMko nirAkAropAsanAmeM upalabdha nahIM hotii| buddha pratipada' para jora dete haiM, jaba ki bhakti 'prapatti' se adhika AzvAsana grahaNa karatI hai / buddha kevala jJAnarUpa hai, jaba ki siddha jJAnake sAtha-sAtha preraNAjanya kartRtvake kAraNa bhaktake ArAdhya bhii| jainoMne kevala siddha meM hI nahIM, kintu paMcaparameSThImeM bho Asaktiko zubha mAnA hai, aura paramparayA use mokSakA kAraNa kahA hai| bauddha bhagavAn buddhakI Asaktiko bhI ucita nahIM maante| kabIrakI nirguNa rAmameM Asakti prasiddha hI hai| ataH vidvAnoMkA yaha kathana ki kabIrakI nirguNopAsanA bauddha sAdhanAse prabhAvita thI, azuddha hai| usakA AsaktivAlA rUpa jaina sAdhanAke adhika nikaTa hai| yahAM paM0 rAmacandra zuklakA yaha kathana ki bhAratIya brahma kevala jJAnakSetrakA viSaya thA, ThIka nahIM pratIta hotaa| kucha bhI ho, nirguNa brahma aura siddha donoM hI meM dArzanikoMkI zuSkatA nahI tho| yadi aisA hotA to kabIrake lAlakI lAlIko dekhanevAlI lAla kaise ho jaatii| unake lAlame 'pIu' kA saundarya hai aura ramaNIyatA bhI, tabhI to AtmAne svayaM 'bahuriyA' bananemeM carama AnandakA anubhava kiyA hai / vaha 'pIu' jaba usake ghara AyA, to gharakA AkAza maMgalagItoMse bhara gayA aura cAroM ora prakAza chiTaka uThA / jAyasIne brahmako "piu' ke nahIM, apitu priyatamake rUpameM dekhA hai| isIlie usameM kabIrake brahmase adhika mAdakatA hai aura AkarSaNa / kabIrake lAlako dekhanevAlI hI lAla ho pAyI hai, kintu jAyasIke priyatamako dekhanevAlI svayaM lAla hotI hai aura use samUcA vizva bhI lAla dikhAI detA 1. DaoN0 bharatasiMha upAdhyAya, bauddhadarzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana, dvitIya bhAga, baMgAla hindI maNDala, vi0 saM0 2011, pR0 1063 / 2. "hari merA pIu meM hari kI bahuriyA" santasudhAsAra, kabIradAsa, sabada, 21vA~ padya, pR0 66 / 3. dulahinI gAvahu maMgalacAra, hama ghara Aye ho rAjA rAma bharatAra // kabIra granthAvalI, caturtha saMskaraNa, pada-pahalA padya, pR0 87 / * 4. maMdira mAhiM bhayA ujiyArA, le sUtI apanA piva pyaaraa|| vahI, dUsarA pada, 87 /

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tulanAtmaka vivecana 461 hai| "nayana jo dekhA kaMvala bhA, niramala nora sarIra" me aisI hI bAta hai| jaina kavi dyAnatarAyane bhI brahmake darzanase cAroM ora chAye hue vasantako dekhA hai| "tuma jJAna vibhava phUlI basanta, yaha mana madhukara sukha soM ramaMta" usokA nidarzaka hai / kavi banArasIdAsake brahmake saundaryase to samUcI prakRti hI vikasita ho uThI hai, "viSama viraSa pUro bhayo ho, Ayo sahaja vasaMta / pragaTI suruci sugaMdhitA ho, mana madhukara mayamaMta // " kabIrame vyaSTimalakatA adhika hai, to jAyasImeM samaSTigatatA aura jaina kaviyomeM donoM hI samAna rUpase pratiSThita haiN| unakA Atmabrahma ghaTameM rahatA hai, kintu usakA saundarya samUce lokAlokameM vyApta hai| sataguru jaina santa aura kabIradAsa Adi 'nirgunie' sAdhuoMne gurukI mahattA samAna rUpase svIkAra kI hai| donoMne hI guruke prasAdako pAnekI AkAMkSA ko, kintu jahA~ kabIradAsane guruko Izvarase bhI bar3A mAnA, vahAM jaina santoMne Izvarako hI sabase bar3A guru kahA hai| jaina AcAryone paMca parameSThIko 'paMcaguru'kI saMjJAse abhihita kiyA hai| solahavIM zatAbdIke kavi catarumalane 'nemIzvara gIta'meM likhA hai, "paMcaguruoMko praNAma karanese mukti milatI hai|" vaise guruke prasAdase bhagavAn milanekI bAta donoM hI ko svIkAra hai / kabIradAsa to guruke Upara isIlie balihAra hote haiM ki unhoMne govindako batA diyA hai / sundaradAsake guru bhI dayAlu hai, kyoMki unhoMne AtmAko paramAtmAse milA 1. jAyasI granthAvalI, paM0 rAmacandra zukla sampAdita, dvitIya saMskaraNa, mAnasarodaka khaNDa, 8vIM caupAIkA dohA, pR0 25 / 2. dyAnatapadasaMgraha, jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA, 58vA~ pada, pR0 24 / 3. banArasI vilAsa, jayapura, adhyAtmaphAga, paca dUsarA, pR0 154 / 4. guru govinda doU khar3e kAke lAgU pAya / balihArI guru Apane jina govinda dayo batAya / / kabIradAsa, gurudevako aMga, santasudhAsAra, viyogI hari sampAdita, sastA sAhitya maNDala, dillI, 14vIM sAkhI, pR0 120 / 5. lahahi mukati duti duti tiraM, paMca parama guru tribhuvana sAru // catarumala, nemIzvaragIta, bhAmerazAstrabhaNDAra, maMgalAcaraNa /

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462 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi diyA hai|' dAdUke 'mastaka para to jyoM hI gurudevane prasAdakA hAtha rakhA ki 'Agama agAdha' ke darzana ho gye| jaina kavi brahmajinadAsane apane AdipurAName 'mugatiramaNI' ko prakaTa karanevAle bhagavAn RSabhadevako sadgurukI kRpAse hI jAnaneko bAta svIkAra kI hai| bhaTTAraka zubhacandrane to yahAMtaka kahA hai ki sataguruko manameM dhAraNa kiye binA zuddha cidrUpakA dhyAna karanese bhI kucha na hogaa| zrI kuzalalAbhane 'sthUlabhadrachattIsI' meM guru sthUlabhadra ke prasAdase 'paramasukha'kA prApta honA likhA hai| unhoMne hI 'zrIpUjyabAhaNagItam' me bhI likhA hai ki zuddha manapUrvaka gurukI sevA karanese zivasukha upalabdha hotA hai| pANDe rUpacandajIne apane 'khaTolanA gIta ke dvArA siddha kiyA hai ki satagurukI kRpAse hI bhrAntirUpI alaMkAra naSTa ho sakatA hai, anyathA nhii| isa bhAMti jIva avicala jJAnako prApta karatA hai / kabIradAsa bhI guruke isa jJAnapradAtA svabhAvase 1. paramAtama soM AtamA jude rahe bahukAla / sundara melA kari diyA sadguru mile dayAla // DaoN. dIkSita, sundaradarzana, ilAhAbAda, pR0 177 / 2. dAdU gaiba mAhiM gurudeva milyA, pAyA hama parasAda / mastaka mere kara gharayA dekhyA agama agAdha / / dAdU, gurudeva ko aMga, santa sudhAsAra, pahalI sAkhI, pR0 446 / 3. teha guNa meM jAMNI yA e, sadaguru taNo psaavto| bhavi bhavi svAmI sevasuM, e lAgu sahaguru pAya to|| brahmajinadAsa, AdipurANa, prazastisaMgraha, jayapura, pR0 204 / 4. bhaTTAraka zubhacandra, tattvasAradUhA, mandira TholiyAna, jayapurakI prati / 5. kuzalalAbha, sthUlabhadra chattIsI, pahalA padya, rAjasthAnameM hindIke hastalikhita granthoM kI khoja, agaracanda nAhaTA sampAdita, sAhitya saMsthAna, udayapura, 1654 I0, pR0 105 / 6. dina dina mahotsava atighaNA, zrI saMgha bhagati suhAya / mana zuddhi zrI guru sevI yaha, jiNi sevyai ziva sukha pAI // kuzalalAbha, zrI pUjyabAharaNagItam , jaina aitihAsika kAvya saMgraha, agaracanda nAhaTA sampAdita, kalakattA, vi0 saM0 1964 / 7. sote sote jAgiyA, te nara catura sujAni / guru caraNAyudha boliyo, samakita bhayau vihAna // kAlarayana taba bItaI, Ugo jJAna subhAnu / bhrAnti timira jaba nAziyo, pragaTata avicala thAna // pANDe rUpacanda, khaTolanA gIta, anekAnta varSa 10, kiraNa 2, pR0 76 /

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tulanAtmaka vivecana prasanna hue haiM aura apanI kRtajJatA jJApana karate hue unhoMne kahA, "satagurukI mahimA ananta hai, unhoMne ananta upakAra kiyA hai, kyoMki unhoMne mere agaNita jJAnacakSuoMko kholakara asIma brahmakA darzana karAyA hai|" eka dUsare sthAnapara unhoMne likhA, "maiM to ajJAnase bharI laukika mAnyatAoM aura pAkhaNDase ota-prota vedake pIche calA jA rahA thA ki sAmane sataguru mila gaye aura unhone jJAnakA dIpaka mere hAthame de diyaa|" hRdayameM jJAnakA prakAza karanevAlA guru bhagavAnko kRpAse milatA hai / jaina santa catarumalane jAdaurAya bhagavAn nemIzvarake guNa gAnese hI guru gautamake prasAdako pAnA svIkAra kiyA hai| satagurukA milanA tabhI sArthaka hogA, jabaki ziSyakA hRdaya bhrama, saMzaya aura mithyAtvase ota-prota na ho| yadi aisA hogA to satagurukA upadeza usake hRdayameM paiThegA nhiiN| yadyapi AtmAkA svabhAva jJAna hai kintu sAMsArika mithyAtvase yukta honeke kAraNa use satagurukA amRtamaya upadeza bhI rucatA nhiiN| isIko pANDe rUpacandane bar3e hI sarasa DhaMgase upasthita kiyA hai, "cetana acaraja mArI, yaha mere jiya Avai amRta vacana hitakArI, sadguru tumahiM par3hAvai sadaguru tumahiM par3hAvai cita dai, aru tumahUM ho jJAnI tabahUM tumahiM na kyoM hUM Avai, cetana tattva kahAnI / " santa kabIradAsake bhI aise hI vicAra hai, "sataguru vapurA kyA kara sakatA hai, yadi 'sikha' hI meM cUka ho| use cAhe jaise samajhAo, saba vyartha jAyegA, ThIka vaise hI jaise phUMka vaMzImeM ThaharatI nahIM, apitu bAhara nikala jAtI hai| kavi 1. sataguru kI mahimA anaMta, anaMta kiyA upagAra / locana anaMta ughAr3iyA, anaMta dikhAvaNahAra // kabIradAsa, gurudeva ko aMga, tIsarI sAkhI, kabIra granthAvalI, cauthA saMskaraNa, pR01| 2. pIcha lAge jAi thA, loka veda ke sAthi / Age the sataguru milyA, dIpaka dIyA hAthi // dekhie vahI, 11vIM sAkhI, pR0 2 / 3. guru gautama mo deuM pasIu, jo guna gAuM jAdurAya / catarumala, nemIzvara gIta, maMgalAcaraNa, prazasti saMgraha, jayapura, pR0 231 / 4. paramArtha jakar3I saMgraha, jaina grantharatnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, 1911, pahalA padya, pR01 / 5. kabIradAsa, gurudeva ko aMga, 21vI sAkhI, kabIra granthAvalI, pR03|

Page #490
hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi banArasI dAsane 'adhyAtma battIsI'meM likhA hai, "sahajamoha jaba upazamai, ruca suguru upadeza / taba vibhAva bhavathiti ghaTa, jagai jJAna guNa lesh|" satagurukI dezanA AsravoMke lie dIvAra, karma kapAToMko ughAr3anevAlI aura mokSake lie pair3IkA kAma karatI hai, kintu kevala unhIke lie jinako bhavathiti ghaTa gayI hai, mUDha to usakA lezamAtra bhI nahIM smjhtaa| isa bhava-samudrase pAra karAneke lie guruko jahAja banAnekI bAta bhI bahuta purAno hai / sattarahavIM zatAbdIke jaina kavi hemarAjane 'guru-pUjA' ke prArambhame hI guru mahArAjako mahAmunirAjakI upAdhise vibhUSita karate hue kahA, "cahu~gati dukha sAgara viSai, tArana tarana jihAja / ratanatraya nidhi nagana tana, dhanya mhaamuniraaj|" arthAt isa duHkha-sAgarase pAra karaneke lie mahAmunirAja hI jahAjarUpa hai| aThArahavIM zatAbdIke kavi bhUdharadAsane usa guruko manameM basAnekI abhilASA prakaTa kI hai, jo 'bhava-jaladhi-jihAja' hai| aise RSirAja guru svayaM bhI tirate hai aura dUsaroMko bhI tArate hai| isI zatAbdIke zrI dyAnatarAyane bhI apane 'dyAnata vilAsa' me guruko jahAz2a banAte hue likhA hai, "tArana tarana jihAja suguru hai, saba kuTumba Dovai jagatoI / dhAnata nizi dina niramala mana me, rAkho guru-pada paMkaja doii|"* santa dariyA sAhabane satagururUpI jahAjapara hI adhika vizvAsa kiyA hai, unhone likhA hai, "saMsArarUpI dariyA agamya hai, satagururUpo jahAjapara apane haMsako car3hAkara use pAra kara jAo, tabhI 1. banArasIdAsa, adhyAtma battIsI, banArasIvilAse, jayapura, 27vaoN padya, pR0 146 / 2. yaha sataguru dI dezanA, kara Asrava diivaadd'i| laddhI paiDi mokhadI, karama kapATa ughaadd'i|| bhavathiti jinako ghaTa gaI, tinako yaha upadeza / kahata 'banArasidAsa' yoM, mUr3ha na samujhe leza // banArasIdAsa, mokSapair3I, banArasIvilAsa, jayapura, 1954 I0, dohA 23-24, pR0 136 / 3. pANDe hemarAja, gurupUjA, pahalA dohA, bRhanjinavANI saMgraha, 1956 I0, pR0 306 / 4. te guru mere mana baso, je bhava jaladhi jihAja / Apa tira para tArahIM, aise zrI RSirAja // bhUdharadAsa, 'te guru mere mana baso' pada, adhyAtma padAvalI, bhAratIya zAnapITha, kAzI, pR054| 5. yAnatarAya, dhAnatavilAsa, kalakattA, pada 23vA~, pR0 15 /

Page #491
tulanAtmaka vivecana ra sukha- rAja karane meM samartha ho sakoge / santa palaTU sAhabane bhI guruke paropakArI svabhAvako samajhakara hI yaha kahA hai ki bhavasAgara se taraneke lie gururUpI jahAja hI sarvottama upAya hai| kabIradAsane kahA ki jisane gururUpI jahAjako choDakara anya kisI ber3ese isa bhava-samudrako pAra karanekA prayAsa kiyA, vaha sadaiva asaphala rahA, aura yaha nizcita hai ki usakA ber3A kisI-na-kisI aughaTa ghATapara avazya DUbegA 3 465 gurune kevala jJAna hI nahIM, apitu bhakti bhI dI hai, arthAt guruko kRpAse hI ziSya bhagavAnko bhaktime pravRtta ho sakatA hai / pANDe hemarAjane guruke isa bhaktipradAtA guNapara vizvAsa karake hI unase bharapUra bhaktikI yAcanA kI hai| unhone gurukA varNana karaneme apanI asamarthatA dikhAte hue kahA, "mai gurukA bheda kahA~taka kahU~ / mujhame buddhi thor3I hai aura unameM guNa bahuta adhika hai| hemarAjakI to itanI hI prArthanA hai ki isa sevakake hRdayako bhakti se bhara do / " kabIradAsane to spaSTa hI guruko bhaktikA denevAlA mAnA hai| unhoMne kahA, "jJAna bhagati guru dInI / "" 'jJAna aura yogake sAtha-sAtha bhAva-bhakti bhI kabIradAsake antarjagatkI anyatama vibhUti thI / aura usako unhoMne apane gurukI denake rUpame svIkAra kiyA hai| unake guru rAmAnanda the aura unhoMne kahA, "bhakti drAviNa UpajI lAe rAmAnanda | paragaTa kiyA kabIrane saptadIpa nava khaNDa / " dAdU sAhabane lalacAte hue ghoSita kiyA, "yadi sadguru mila jAye, to bhakti aura mukti donoM hI ke 1. trilokInArAyaNa dIkSita, santadarzana, sAhityaniketana, kAnapura, 1653 I0, pR0 26, pAdaTippaNa 1 / 2. bhavasAgara ke tarana ko palaTU saMta jahAja / palaTU sAhaba, gurukA aMga, 16vI sAkhI, santasudhAsAra, dillI, dUsarA khaNDa, pR0 267 / 3. tA kA pUrA kyoM, guru na lakhAI bATa / tAko ber3A bUr3ihai, phira phira aughaTa ghATa | kabIradAsa, gurudeva kau aMga, saMta sudhAsAra, pahalA khaNDa, 20vIM sAkhI, pR0 120 / 4. kahA~ kahA~ lau bheda maiM, budha thorI guna bhUra / * hemarAja sevaka hRdaya, bhakti karo bharapUra // pANDe hemarAja, guru-pUjA, jayamAlA, 7vaoN padya, 1656 I0, pR0 313 / 5. kabIra granthAvalI, DaoN0 zyAmasundaradAsa sampAdita, nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI, caturtha saMskaraNa, pariziSTa, padAvalI tIsarA pada, pR0 264 // 6. DaoN0 govinda triguNAyata, kabIrakI vicAradhArA, kAnapura, vi0 saM0 2006, pR0 324 /

Page #492
hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi bhaNDAra upalabdha ho sakate haiN| dAdUkA kathana hai ki sataguruke milanese sAhabakA dodAra to sahajameM hI mila sakatA hai|" jaina sAhityame guru-bhaktike anekAneka sarasa udAharaNa upalabdha hote hai / sattarahavIM zatAbdIke mahAkavi samayasundara guru rAjasiMhasUrikI bhaktimeM bhAvavibhora hote hue kaha uThe, "merA AjakA dina dhanya hai / he guru ! tere mukhako dekhate hI jaise merI to samUcI puNyadazA hI prakaTa ho gayI hai| he zrI jinasiMhasUri ! mere hRdayame sadaiva tU hI rahatA hai aura svapna meM bhI tujhe chor3akara anya dikhAI nahIM detaa| mere lie to tuma aise hI ho jaise kumudinIke lie candra, jisako dUra hote hue bhI kumudinI samIpa hI samajhatI hai| tumhAre darzanoMse Ananda utpanna hotA hai, aura mere netra premase bhara jAte hai / jIva to sabhIko pyArA hotA hai, kintu mujhe tuma usase bhI adhika priya ho|" zrI kuzalalAbhane AcArya pUjyabAhaNakI bhakti meM jisa sarasatAkA paricaya diyA hai vaha kama hI sthAnoMpara milatI hai / ASAr3hake Ate ho caumAsekA prArambha huA aura pUjyabAhaNa trambAvatImeM pdhaare| usa samayakA bhaktise bharA eka citra dekhie, "ASAr3hake Ate hI dAminI jhabUke lene lagI, komala kAminiyAM apane prIyaDAkI bATa johane lagI, cAtaka madhura dhvanime 'pIu pIu' kA uccAraNa karane lagA aura sarovara barasAtake vipula jalase bhara gye| isa avasarapara mahAn zrI pUjyabAhaNajI zrAvakoMko sukha dene ke lie trambAvatIme Aye / ve dIkSAramaNIke sAtha ramaNa karate hai aura unameM hara kisIkA mana baMdhakara raha jAtA hai| unake pravacanameM kucha aisA AkarSaNa hai ki use sunakara vRkSa bhI jhUma uThe haiM, kAminI kokila guruke hI gIta gAne lagI hai, gagana gUMja uThA hai, 1. sadaguru mile to pAiye bhakti mukti bhNddaar|| dAdU sahajai dekhie sAhiba kA dIdAra // dAdU gurudeva ko aMga, trilokInArAyaNa dIkSita, santadarzana, kAnapura, pR0 22, pAdaTippaNa 3 / 2. Aja ku dhana dina meru| punya dazA pragaTo aba merI, pekhatu guru mukha terau // zrI jinasiMha sUri tuhi mere jou me, supanai bhaI nahIMya anero| kumudino canda jisau tuma lonau, dUra tuhI tumha nerau // tumhArai darasaNa, ANaMda upajatI, nayanako prema naverau / 'samaya sundara' kahai saba kuMbalabha, jIu tuM tinathai adhikerau // samayasundara, jinasiMha sarigItam , 7vaoN padya, aitihAsika jainakAvya saMgraha, agaracanda nAhaTA sampAdita, kalakattA, pR0 126 /

Page #493
tulanAtmaka vivecana 467 aura mayUra tathA cakora bhI prasanna hokara nAca uThe haiM / guruke dhyAnameM snAna karake hI zItala lahara bahane lagI hai / gurukI kIrti aura suyazase hI sampUrNa saMsAra mahaka rahA hai / vizvake sAtoM kSetroMmeM dharma utpanna ho gayA hai / zrI guruke prasAdase sadA sukha utpanna hotA hai / " "Anyo mAsa asAr3ha jhabUke dAminI re | jIvadda jovai prIyaDA vATa sakomala kAminI re // cAtaka madhurai sAdiki prIU prIU ucarai re / barasai ghaNa barasAta sajaka saravara bharai re // iNa avasara zrIpUjya mahAmoTA jatI re / zrAvakanA sukha heta AyA trambAvatI re // jova zrama guru rIti pratIti vadhai valI re ! dikSA ramaNI sAtha ramai mananI ralI re // pravacana vacana vistAra astha taNavara ghaNA re 1 kokila kAminI gIta gAyai zrI guru taNA re // gAjai gagana gaMbhIra zrI pUjyanI dezanA re / bhaviyaNa mora cakora thAyai zubha vAsanA re // sadA guru dhyAna snAna lahari zItala bahai re / kIrtti sujasa visAla sakala jaga mahamahai re // sAte khetra suThAma sudharmaha nIpajai re / zrI guru pAya prasAda sadA sukha saMpajai re // " " zrI sAdhukIrtine guru jinacandrasUrikI bhakti meM eka rAga malhArakA nirmANakiyA thA / usameM eka ziSya AnevAle guruko dekhaneke lie ThIka vaise hI becaina hai jaise koI proSitpatikA AnevAle patiko dekhaneke lie becaina ho uThatI hai| unhoMne kahA, "he sakhi ! mere lie to vaha hI atyadhika sundara hai, jo yaha batA de ki hamAre guru kisa mArga se hokara pdhaareNge| zrIguru sabhIko suhAvane lagate haiM aura ve jisa purameM A jAte haiM, vaha to jaise 'zobhA' hI ho jAtA hai / unako dekhakara hara koI jayajayakAra kiye binA nahIM rahatA / jo guruko AvAjako bhI jAnatA hai, vaha merA sAjana hai / guruko dekhakara aisI prasannatA hotI hai jaise candrako dekhakara cakorako aura sUryako dekhakara kokako / guruke darzanoMse hRdaya santuSTa, puNya puSTa aura mana 1. dekhie kuzalalAbha, zrIpUjyavAhaNagItam, padya 61-64, aitihAsika jaina kAvyasaMgraha, agara canda nAhaTA sampAdita, kalakattA, pR0 116-117 /

Page #494
hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi prasanna hotA hai / antameM vyAkula hokara vaha pukAra uThatA hai ki he nirdvandvI zrI jinacandra ! pramodI hokara zIghra hI A jAo, tumhe dekhakara merA hRdaya jaise anirvacanIya rasakA hI Ananda le uThegA / " 468 ? isa bhAMti guruke viraha meM ziSyako becainI aura milanameM apAra prasannatA, jaisI jaina kavi aMkita kara sake, nirgunie santa nahI / unhoMne isa ora dhyAna bhI nahI diyA / kabIra Adi santoMme bhAvaparakatAkA abhAva hai aura jaina kaviyoMkI bhAvukatA sataguru ke lie bhI, bhagavAnkI bhAMti hI mukhara ho uThI hai / ziSyakA viraha pavitra premakA dyotaka hai| jainoMkA sataguru premAspada bhI hai / santa sAhityame 'sabada ko aMga kA bhI eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / zabda brahmako kahate hai / zabda-brahmakI dhAraNA bahuta prAcIna hai / Rgveda (1 / 164|10 ) para isakI carcA huI hai / samAdhipAda ( 25vIM sUtra ) meM IzvarakA vAcaka oMkAra zabda hI hai / 'mANDUkyopaniSad' aura 'kaThopaniSad' ( 1 / 2 / 16 ) me bhI 'oMkAra' kI mahimAkA nirUpaNa hai| jaina AcArya sahasroM varSa pahalese hI okArake dhyAnakI bAta kahate cale Aye hai / AcArya kundakundake 'samayasAra' ke prArambha meM hI, "oMkAraM bindusaMyuktaM nityaM dhyAyanti yoginaH / kAmadaM mokSadaM caiva OMkArAya namonamaH // " diyA huA hai / jaina hindI kaviyone 'OMkAra' ko eka parama gUr3ha pada kahA hai / mUr3ha vyakti usake bhedako nahI jAnate / satagurukI kRpA hI usakA rahasya samajhAne meM samartha hai | paM0 daulatarAmane OMkArakI mahimAkA varNana karate hue likhA hai, OMkAra parama rasa rUpa, OMkAra sakala jaga bhUpa / OMkAra akhila mata sAra, OMkAra nikhila tata dhAra // OMkAra sabai jaga mUla, OMkAra bhavodadhi kUla / OMkAra mayI jagadIsa, OMkAra su akSara sIsa // 2 kabIradAsakI dRSTime sataguru vaha hI hai, jo zabdabANako saphalatApUrvaka calA sake, aura jisake lagate hI ziSyakA moha jAla vidIrNa ho jAye / jaina sataguru bANa nahIM calAtA, apitu usake komala vacanoMse hI ziSya vINA-nAdako sunakara 1. sAdhukIti, zrI jinacandasUri gItAni, naM0 3, aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, agaracanda nAhaTA sampAdita, kalakattA, pR0 61 / 2. paM0 daulatarAma, adhyAtma bArahakhar3I, hastalikhita prati, baDA mandira, jayapura, prArambha, chanda caupAI, 4-5 / 3. sataguru laI kamAMNa kari, bA~haNa lAgA tIra / 7 eka ju bAhyA prIti sU~, bhItari rahyA sarIra // kabIra granthAvalI, gurudeva kau aMga, 6ThI sAkhI, pR0 1 /

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tulanAtmaka vivecana 469 mRgakI bhA~ti rojha jAtA hai / ve komala vacana ziSyake hRdayase moharUpI viSa dUra kara dete haiM, aura vahIM anubhavarUpI amRtakA srota baha uThatA hai / anAdikA tamasa naSTa ho jAtA hai aura suprakAzakI lahara cala par3atI hai / ' arthAt jaina ziSyakA bhI moha jAla vidIrNa hotA hai, kintu aisA karaneke lie jaina guru hiMsAkA nahI, ahiMsAkA prayoga karatA hai / bAhya ADambaroMkA virodha madhya yuga jainoMme bhI bAhya karma-kalApa itane adhika bar3ha gaye the ki unhIMko jainadharmakI saMjJA de dI gyii| mahAvIrakI divyavANI daba gayI / samyaktva nirasta ho gayA / acetanako cetana samajhane meM jaina bhI pIche nahIM rhe| dasavIMgyArahavI zatAbdI ke jaina santoMne apabhraMza bhASAke mAdhyamase ina bAhya ADambaroMkA nirbhIkatA se virodha kiyaa| unameM muni rAmasiMhakA nAma sarvopari hai / unake viSaya meM zrI viyogI harikA kathana hai, "dharmake nAmapara jo aneka bAhya ADambara aura pAkhaNDa pracalita hue, una sabakA isa jaina santane prabala khaNDana kiyA / " muni rAmasiMhane eka sthAnapara likhA hai, "he muNDitoMme zreSTha ! sira to tUne apanA mu~r3A liyA, para cittako nahI mu~r3AyA / saMsArakA khaNDana cittako mu~r3AnevAlA hI kara sakatA hai / ' tIrthakSetroMke viSayame unakA kathana hai, "he mUrkha, tUne eka tIrthase dUsare tIrthameM bhramaNa kiyA aura camar3eko jalase dhotA rahA, para isa pApase malina manako kaise ghoyegA / "" yogIndu, devasena Adine bhI aisI hI ,3 1. komala vacana guru bola mukha setI sudha, suna sama rIjhe rIjhe mriga suni nAdi kA / anubhava amrata so moha viSa dUra kareM, kareM suprakAsa tama meTi ke anAdi kA || adhyAtma savaiyA, hastalikhita prati, Amera zAstramaNDAra, jayapura, 2havA~ padya / 2. santa sudhAsAra, zrI viyogI hari sampAdita, sastA sAhitya maNDala, nayI dillI, 1953 I0, pR0 18 / 3. muMDiya muMDiya muMDiyA / siru muMDiu cittu Na muMDiyA / citta muMDaNa ji kiyau / saMsArahaM khaMDaNa ti kiyau // pAhuDadohA, 135vA~ dohA / 4. tittthaI tittha bhamehi vada dhoyau cammu jaleNa / ehu maNu kima ghoesi tuhuM mailau pAvamaleNa // vahI, dohA, 163vaoN / 60

Page #496
hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi bAteM likhI hai, kintu unakA svara vaisA painA nahI hai| jaina hindIke bhakti-kAvyame bhI aisI ho pravRttiyoMke darzana hote hai| unapara jaina apabhraMzakA prabhAva spaSTa hI hai| caudahavIM zatAbdIkI prasiddha kRti 'ANaMdA' meM likhA hai, "saMsArake mUrkha jIva anekAneka tIrtha-kSetroMmeM ghUma-ghUmakara marate hai, kintu unhe yaha vidita nahIM ki Ananda zarIrako svaccha karanese nahIM, apitu AtmAko zuddha karanese milatA hai|" vaha padya isa prakAra hai, aTha saThi tIratha parimamai mUDhA marahiM mamaMtu / appA vindu na jANahI, AnaMdA ghaTa mahi deu bhaNaMtu // ' nirguNa kAvyadhArAke kavi sundaradAsane bhI aisI hI bAta kahI hai| aThasaThi zabda donoMmeM hI samAna rUpase prayukta huA hai, sundara mailI deha yaha nirmala karI na jaai| bahuta bhAMti kari dhoi tU aTha saThi tIratha nhAi // caturvarNI vyavasthAke viruddha jaina kaviyoMkA svara nirgunie santoMkI bhAMti hI tIkhA hai, kintu uname kaDavAhaTa nahI hai| unhoMne brAhmaNoMkA virodha karane ke lie jAtiprathAkA khaNDana nahIM kiyA, apitu unakA virodha AtmasiddhAntapara AdhArita thA / bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ( 16vIM zatI ) ne 'tattvasAradUhA' me likhA hai, ucca nIca navi appA havi karma kalaMka taNo kI tu soi / baMbhaNa kSatriya vaizya na zudra appA rAjA navi hoi kSudra // appA dhani navi navi nirdhana, navi durbala navi appA dhanna / mUrkha harSa dveSa navi te jIva, navi sukhI navi dukhI atIva // isakI tulanAmeM kabIradAsakA yaha kathana dekhie, jisameM unhoMne brAhmaNako sambodhana karate hue kahA hai, "jaba hama donoM eka hI DhaMgase utpanna hue haiM, to 1. ANandAkI hastalikhita prati, masjidakhajUra, jaina paMcAyatI mandira, dillI, tIsarA padya / 2. sundaradarzana, kitAbamahala, ilAhAbAda, 1953 I0, pR0 240 / 3. maTTAraka zubhacandra, tattvasAradUhA, mandira TholiyAna, jayapurakI hastalikhita prati, paca 70-71 /

Page #497
tulanAtmaka vivecana tuma brAhmaNa kaise ho gaye aura hama zUdra kaise bana gye| hama kaise khUna raha gaye aura tuma kaise dUdha ho gye|' sundaradAsane brAhmaNa aura zUdrake antarako gAla mAranA likhA hai| jainoMke mahAtmA Anandaghanake anusAra rAma, rahIma, mahAdeva, pArzvanAtha aura brahmame koI bheda nahIM hai, ve saba eka akhaNDa AtmAko khaNDa kalpanAeM haiN| jaise eka hI mRttikA bhAjana-bhedase nAnArUpa dhAraNa karatI hai, vaise hI eka AtmAmeM aneka kalpanAoMkA AropaNa kiyA jAtA hai| yaha jIva jaba nija padameM rame taba rAma, dUsaroMpara rahama kare taba rahIma, karamoMko karaze taba kRSNa aura jaba nirvANa prApta kare taba mahAdevako saMjJAse abhihita hotA hai| apane zuddha AtmarUpako sparza karanese pArasa aura brahmANDakI racanA karanese isako brahma kahate hai| isa bhAMti yaha AtmA svayaM cetanamaya aura niSkarma hai| kabIradAsane bhI eka hI manako gorakha, govinda aura aughar3a Adi nAmoMse abhihita kiyA hai| santa sundaradAsakA kathana to mahAtmA Anandaghanase bilakula milatA julatA hai| unake anusAra eka hI akhaNDa brahmakI bhedabuddhise nAnA 1. tuma kata bAhmana hama kata sUda / hama kata lohU tuma kata dUdha // 2. kAhU sauM bAMbhana kahai, kAhU soM cNddaal| sundara aisau bhrama bhayo, yoM hI mAre gAla // santa sundaradAsa. svarUpavismaraNa kau aMga, santasudhAsAra, 5vA~ dohA, pR0 650 / 3. rAma kaho rahemAna kaho koU, kAna kaho mahAdeva rii| pArasanAtha kaho kou brahmA, sakala brahma svayameva ro||raam||1|| bhAjana bheda kahAvata nAnA, eka mRttikA rUpa rI / taiseM khaMDa kalpanA ropita, Apa akhaMDa svarUpa rii||raam0||2|| nija pada rame rAma so kahie, rahima kare rahemAna rii| karaze karma kAna so kahie, mahAdeva nirvANa ro||raam0||3|| parase rUpa pArasa so kahie, brahma cinhe so brahma rii| isa vidha sAdho Apa Anandaghana, cetanamaya niHkarma rii||raam0||4|| mahAtmA mAnandadhana, Anandadhana pada saMgraha, adhyAtmazAnaprasAraka maNDala, bambaI, pada 67vaaN| 4. kabIra granthAvalI, DaoN. zyAmasundaradAsa sampAdita, nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA. kAzI, mana ko aMga, 10vI sAkhI, pR0 26 /

Page #498
hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi saMjJAeM hotI haiM, jaise eka hI jala vApo tar3Aga aura kUpake nAmase, tathA eka hI pAvaka dIpa, cirAga aura masAla Adi nAmoMse pukArA jAtA hai| santa dAdUdayAlane eka hI mUlatattvakI 'alaha' aura 'rAma' do saMjJAe~ kI hai / unhoMne yahAMtaka likhA hai ki jo inake mUlame bhI bhedako kalpanA karatA hai, vaha jhUThA hai| jaina santone nirmala AtmAme kendrita hue manako hI sarvottama kahA hai / unakI dRSTime yadi isa jIvako zuddha AtmAke darzana nahIM hote, to upavAsa, japa, tapa, vrata aura digambara dazA bhI vyartha hI hai / unhone usa jJAnako bhI niHsAra kahA hai, jisake dvArA Atmadarzana nahIM ho paataa| AtmajJAna hI saccA jJAna hai, yadi vaha nahIM to anya saba jJAna nirarthaka hai| isI bhAvako lekara banArasIdAsane likhA hai, "bheSa meM na jJAna nahiM jJAna guru-vartana meM jaMtra maMtra taMtra meM na jJAna kI kahAnI hai / anya meM na jJAna nahIM jJAna kavi cAturI meM, bAtani meM jJAna nahIM, jJAna kahA~ bAnI hai // tAte bheSa gurutA kavitta grantha maMtra vAta, ina te atIta jJAna cetanA nizAnI hai| jJAna hI meM jJAna nahIM, jJAna aura aura kahIM ____ jAke ghaTa jJAna so hI jJAna ko nidAnI hai|" yazovijayajI upAdhyAyane bhI likhA hai ki saMyama, tapa, kriyA Adi saba kucha zuddha cetanake darzanoke hI lie kiyA jAtA hai, yadi unase darzana nahIM hotA, to ve saba mithyA hai / darzana to antaracittake bhIge binA nahIM hotaa| jabataka antaHko 'lau' zuddha cetaname na hogI, ye UparI kriyA-kANDa vyartha hI hai, 1. bApI tar3Agaru kUpa nadI saba hai jala eka sau deSo nihArI // pAvaka eka prakAza bahU vivi dIpa cirAka masAlahu vArI / sundara brahma vilAsa akhaMDita bheda kI buddhi su ttaarii|| sundara granthAvalI, sva. paM0 haranArAyaNa zarmA sampAdita, bhAga 2, 646 / 4 / 2. alaha kahau bhAva rAma kaho, DAla tajau saba mUla ghau| alaha rAma kahi karma dahI, jhUThe mAraga kahA baho / santa dAdUdayAla, zabada, 43vaoN padya, santasudhAsAra, pR0 445. 3. kavi banArasIdAsa, nATakasamayasAra, sva. paM0 jayacandajI-dvArA bhASA-TIkA kRta, sastI granthamAlA, dariyAgaMja dehalI, sarvavizuddhi dvAra, 112voM padya, pR0 113 /

Page #499
tulanAtmaka vivecana "tuma kArana saMyama tapa kiriyA, kaho kahAM loM koje / tuma darzana binu saba yA jhaMThI, antara citta na mIje // cetana aba mohi darzana dIje // " kavi bhUdharadAsane antarakI ujjvalatAko pramukha mAnA hai| yadi 'antaH' viSaya kaSAyarUpI kIcar3ase lipta hai, to tIrthAdika koI lAbha nahIM de sakate / bAhya veSakI saphalatA pavitra hRdayapara nirbhara hai| yadi mana kAmAdika vAsanAoMse malina hai, to adhikase adhika bhajana karanepara bhI lakSya prApta na hogaa| kavi dyAnatarAyane bhI antaHko zuddhike binA pratyeka mAsameM kiye jAnevAle upavAsa aura kAyAko sukhAnevAle tapako vyartha mAnA hai| ___ yahA~ kabIradAsa Adi santa bhI ekamata hai| santa rajjabadAsane likhA hai ki yadi hRdaya zuddha nahIM hai, to bhagavAnkA pUjA-pATha bhI vyartha hai / santa sundaradAsane 'jJAnajhUlanASTaka' me hRdayako pavitratAke binA yoga, yAga, tyAga, vairAgya, nAma, dhyAna aura jJAna Adiko niHsAra kahA hai| kabIradAsakA abhimata hai ki bisave apane manako bhagavAnme raMga liyA hai, vaha hI saccA yogI hai, kapar3A raMgavAnese koI lAbha nhiiN| manakI zuddhike binA vaha kAna phar3avAkara aura jaTA-dAr3hI bar3hA1. kavi yazovijayajI, 'cetana aba mohi darzana dIje', adhyAtmapadAvalI pU0, 224, paM0 rAjakumAra sampAdita, bhAratIya zAnapITha, kaashii|| 2. japa tapa tIratha jajJa vratAdika, Agama artha ucaranA re / viSaya kaSAya kIca nahiM dhoyo, yoM hI paci paci maranA re|| antara ujjvala karanA re bhaaii|| kAmAdika mala sauM mana mailA, bhajana kiye kyA tiranA re? bhUdhara nIla vasana para kaise, kesara raMga ucharanA re ? ____antara ujjvala karanA re bhaaii|| bhUdharavilAse, kalakattA, 31vaoN pada, pR0 17 / 3. mAsa mAsa upavAsa kiye taiM, kAyA bahuta sukhaaii| . krodha mAna chala lobha na jotyA, kAraja kauna sarAI ? tU to samajha samajha re bhAI // dhAnatavilAsa, kalakattA, 32vA~ pada, pR0 14 / 4. saMto aisA yahu AcAra pApa aneka karaiM pUjA me, hiradai nahIM vicAra // santasudhAsAra, senta rajjabajI, 4thA pada, pRSTha 514 / 5. sentasudhAsAra, sundaradAsa, jhUlanASTaka, dUsarA padya, pRSTha 566 /

Page #500
hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi kara bakarA to ho sakatA hai, yogI nahIM / jaMgalame jAkara dhUnI ramAnese usakA kAmadeva bhale hI jala jAye, kintu vaha yogI na kahalAkara hijar3A hI kahA jAyegA / manakI zuddhike binA yadi koI sira mu~r3Akara aura raMge hue kapar3e pahanakara gotA bA~catA hai, to vaha labAra hI kahalAyegA, " mana na ra~gAye ra~gAye jogI kapar3A / kanavA phar3Aya jogI jaTavA bar3haule / dAr3hI bar3hAya jogI hoi gaile bakarA // jaMgala meM jAya jogI dhuniyA ramaule / kAma jarAya jogI bani gaile hijarA // mathavA mur3Aya jogI kapar3A raMgaule / gItA bAMci ke hoi gaile labarA || 9. 474 zuddha manakI bhUmikA ke binA mAlA phirAneko vyarthatA jaina aura ajaina donoM hI santone samajhI thI / kavi dyAnatarAyakA kathana hai ki Asana mArakara manakA le baiTha jAnese bAharI duniyAvAle rIjha sakate hai, kintu isa baka- dhyAnase AtmAkA bhalA nahIM hogA / "kara manakA lai Asana bhAraco bAhija loka rijhAI / kahA bhayo baka dhyAna dhare taiM, jo mana thira na rahAI // tU to samajha samajha re bhAI // 2.,, kabIradAsane korI mAlA phirAneko niSprANatApara bahuta kucha likhA hai / 'bheSa kau aMga' kA Adhese adhika bhAga mAlAkI niHsAratAse hI yukta hai / kATha kI mAlA phirAnese kucha nahIM hotA, manakI mAlA pheranI cAhie, "mAlA pahire manamuSI, tAthai kachU na hoi / ujiyArA soi // mana mAlA kauM pheravA, juga kabIra mAlA kATha ko, kahi samajhAcai tohi / mana phirA ApaNAM, kA phirAne mohi // 311 madhyayugake sAdhuko pahacAna me do bAteM mukhya hai : jaTA bar3hAnA athavA sira mu~r3AnA / mokSa taka pahu~cane ke sopAname yaha bhI eka sIr3hI mAnI jAtI thI / jaina santa udayarAja jato ( 17vIM zatI vi0 saM0 ) ne usakA khaNDana karate hue 1. kabIra, sabada, 65vaoN pada, santasudhAsAra, pR0 68 / 2. dyAna padasaMgraha, kalakattA, 32vaoN pada, pR0 14 / 3. kabIragranthAvalI, caturthaM saMskaraNa, kAzI, 'meSa kau aMga', sAkhI 3, 5, 1045

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tulanAtmaka vivecana 475 likhA hai, "antaHko nirmala banAnese lakSya milatA hai, bAhya ADambarose nhiiN| ziva-zivakA uccAraNa karanese kyA hotA hai, yadi kAma, krodha aura chalako nahIM jiitaa| jaTAoke bar3hAnese kyA hotA hai, yadi pAkhaNDa na chodd'aa| sira muMDAnese kyA hotA hai, yadi mana na muNddaa| isI prakAra ghara-bArake chor3anese kyA hotA hai, yadi vairAgyakI vAstavikatAko nahI smjhaa|". bhagavatIdAsa 'bhaiyA'ne bhI apane aneka padome isa sira muMDAnekI nindA kI hai| unhone eka sthAnapara likhA hai, "nirmala AtmAme zuddha zraddhAnake binA kevala mUMDa muMDAnese kucha nahIM hotaa| usase siddhi nahIM ho sktii|" unhoMne yaha bhI kahA ki yadi siddhike lie mUMr3a muMDAnA hI paryApta hai, to bher3oMko to sabase pahale tira jAnA cAhie, kyoMki unakA sArA zarIra prativarSa muMDA jAtA hai| bher3akA dRSTAnta kabIradAsane bhI diyA hai| unakA kathana hai, "yadi mUr3e muMDAnese siddhi ho jAtI, to bher3a to kabhIkI mukta ho gayI hotI, kintu use mokSa nahIM milA ise sabhI jAnate hai / " kabIrakA vicAra hai ki kezoMne kyA bigAr3A hai, jo use sau-sau bAra mUr3A jAtA hai| manako kyoM nahIM mUr3ate, jisameM viSaya-vikAra bharA huA hai / dAdUkA bhI kathana hai ki manako hI mUr3anA cAhie, sirako nahIM, kAma-krodhako samApta karanA cAhie, kezoMko nahIM kATanA caahie| 1. udayarAja jatI, guNavAvanI, pahalA padha, jaina gurjara kavio, tIjo bhAga, pR0 675-76 / 2. nAma mAtra jainI pai na saradhAna zuddha kahUM, muMDa ke muMDAye kahA siddhi bhaI bAvare / bhagavatodAsa 'bhaiyA', brahmavilAse, bambaI, phuTakara viSaya, vaoN padya, pR0 274 / 3. zuddhi teM mIna piye paya bAlaka, rAsabha aMga vibhUti lgaaye| rAma kahe zuka, dhyAna gahe baka bher3a tirai puni mUnDa mur3Aye // vahI, zata aSTottarI, 11vaoN padya, pRSTha 10 / 4. mUMr3a muMDAya jo sidhi hoI, svarga ho bher3a na pahuMtI koI // kabIra granthAvalI, caturtha saMskaraNa, kAzI, 132vaoN pada, pRSTha 130 / 5. kesI kahA bigAr3iyA, je mUMDe sau bAra / mana kauM kAhe na muMDie, jAmaiM viSaya vikAra // vahI, meSa ko aMga, 12vI sAkhI, pRSTha 46 / 6. dAdU, 'mana ko aMga', 11vI sAkhI, santa sudhAsAra, pRSTha 474 /

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476 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi isa bhAMti jaina kavi aura kabIra Adi santone samAnarUpase tIrthabhramaNa, caturvarNI vyavasthA, mAlA phirAnA aura sira mUDanA AdikA khaNDana kiyA, kintu jaisI akkhar3atA aura mastI kabIra Adi santoMme thI, jaina kaviyome nhiiN| jainoMne vidhAyaka dRSTiko mukhya mAnA aura kabIrane nissedhaatmkko| isI kAraNa unakI bAniyoMmeM kar3avAhaTa adhika hai| isake atirikta nirgunie sAdhu bAhya pakSako dRSTise kore the, kintu jaina santa kaviyoMkI na to bAnI aTapaTI thI aura na bhASA vizRMkhala / unakA bhAvapakSa sabala thA, to bAhya pakSa bhI puSTa thaa| rahasyavAda yadi AtmA aura paramAtmAke milanakI bhAvAtmaka abhivyakti ho rahasyavAda hai, to vaha upaniSadoMse bhI pUrva jaina-paramparAme upalabdha hotI hai| yajurvedame RSabhadeva aura ajitanAthako gUDhavAdI kahA gayA hai| pro0 Ara0 DI0 rAnADene apanI pustaka 'misTIsijma ina mahArASTra' me likhA hai ki jainoMke Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadevane apanI zuddha AtmAkA sAkSAtkAra kara liyA thA aura ve eka bhinna hI prakArake gUr3havAdI puruSa the| DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhyene bhI 'paramAtmaprakAza' kI bhUmikAme RSabhadeva, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha Adi tIrthaMkaroMko gUDhavAdI kahA hai| apabhraMza sAhityakI 'paramAtmaprakAza', 'pAhur3adohA' aura 'sAvayadhamma dohA' nAmakI prasiddha kRtiyA~ rahasyavAdI kahI jAtI hai| DaoN. hIrAlAla jainane unapara AcArya kundakundake 'bhAvapAhur3a' kA prabhAva svIkAra kiyA hai| arthAt unhoMne likhita rUpame jaina rahasyavAdakA prArambha vi0 saM0 kI pahalI zatIse mAnA hai| 'bhAvapAhur3a se prabhAvita honepara bhI apabhraMzakI kRtiyoMme yogAtmaka rahasyavAdakA svara prabala hai, jaba ki 'bhAvapAhur3a' me bhAvAtmaka abhivyaktiko pramukhatA hai / madhyakAlIna jaina hindI kAvya donoM ho se prabhAvita hai, kintu usameM bhAvAtmakatA adhika hai aura tantrAtmakatA kama / yadyapi usame tantravAdiyoke zabda aura prayoga milate haiM, kintu apabhraMzakI apekSA bahuta kama / cAhe apabhraMza ho yA hindI, jaina 1. R. D. Ranade, Myrticirm in Maharashtra, Aryabhushan __Pressoffice, shanwar Peth, Poona. 2, Page-9, 2. Parmatma. Prakasa. and yogasara, dr. A. N. upobhye edited, Parama-sruta-Prabhavaka-Mandala,' Bombay, 1937, introduction, P. 39. 3. pAhur3adohA, DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina sampAdita, kAraMjA, 1933 I0, bhUmikA, DaoN. hIrAlAla likhita, pR0 16 //

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tulanAtmaka vivecana 177 kRtiyoke tantrAtmaka rahasyavAdame guhya samAjako vikRti nahIM A pAyI hai| jaina hindI kavi aura kabIra Adi santoMke rahasyavAdamai antara yaha hai ki jaina rahasyavAdiyoMko AtmA anubhUtike dvArA brahmame lIna nahIM hotI, kyoki vaha brahmakA eka khaNDa aza nahIM hai| vaha svayaM brahma ho jAtI hai, jaba ki kabIrakI AtmAko eka aMza honeke kAraNa, brahmarUpa aMgome mila jAnA hotA hai / yadyapi donokA brahma ghaTame virAjamAna hai, kintu ekakA brahma jIvAtmAkA hI zuddha rUpa hai, jaba ki dUsarekA jIvAtmAse bhinna tattva / / ___yahAM prazna yaha hai ki AtmA hI 'anubhUta tattva' aura 'anubhUti kartA' donoM kaise ho sakatI hai| isakA uttara jaina AcAryoke dvArA nirUpita AtmAke tIna bhedoMme upalabdha hotA hai| 'bahirAtamA' vaha hai, jo brahmake svarUpako nahIM dekha sakatA, para dravyame lIna rahatA hai aura mithyAvanta hai / 'antarAtamA'me brahmako dekhanekI zakti to utpanna ho jAtI hai, kintu vaha svayaM pUrNa zuddha nahIM hotaa| 'paramAtamA' AtmAkA vaha rUpa hai, jisame zaddha svabhAva prakaTa ho gayA hai, aura jisame saba lokAloka jhalaka uThe haiN| rahasyavAdame AtmAke do hI rUpa kAma karate hai: eka to vaha. jo abhI paramAtmapadako prApta nahIM kara sakA hai aura dUsarA vaha, jo paramAtmA kahalAtA hai| pahaleme 'bahirAtamA' aura 'antarAtamA' zAmila hai aura dUsareme kevala 'prmaatmaa'| pahalA 'anubhUtikartA' hai aura dUsarA 'anubhUti tttv'| kabIrane brahmake saundaryako kevala ghaTake bhItara taka hI sImita rakhA hai, jaba ki jaina kaviyoMke brahmake saundaryase prakRtikA kaNa-kaNa prakAzita ho rahA hai| jAyasI 1. milAie, "jainadharmame AdhyAtmika-anubhavase matalaba eka vibhakta AtmAkA ekatvame mila jAnA nahIM hai, kintu usakA saumita vyaktitva usake sambhAvita paramAtmakA anubhavana karatA hai|" paramAtmaprakAza, Introduction, hindI anuvAda, paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI kRta, pR0 105 / 2. bahirantaH parazceti tridhAtmA sarvadehiSu / upeyAttatra paramaM madhyopAyAd bahistyajet // AcArya pUjyapAda, samAdhitantra, vora sevA mandira dillI, 4thA shlok| 3. bahirAtmA zarIrAdo jaataatmbhraantiraantrH| cittadoSAtmavibhrAntiH prmaatmaa'tinirmlH|| vahI, pA~cavaoN shlok| 61

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478 hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi kaviyoMke brahmake ArAdhakoMne 'premake 'amalI' usIko mAnA hai, jisane brahma bhI aisA hI hai / jAyasI aura jaina pyAle' khUba piye hai | kavi bhUdharadAsane saccA premakA pyAlA piyA hai, " "gAMjAru mAMga aphIma hai, dArU zarAbA pozanA / pyAlA na pIyA prema kA, amalI huA to kyA huA // mahAtmA Anandaghanane likhA hai ki premake pyAleko pIkara matavAlA huA cetana ho paramAtmAkI sugandhi le pAtA hai, aura phira aisA khela khelanA hai ki sArA saMsAra tamAzA dekhatA hai / yaha pyAlA brahmarUpI agnipara taiyAra kiyA jAtA hai, jo tanakI bhaTTImeM prajvalita huI hai, aura jisame se anubhavakI lAlimA sadaiva phUTatI rahatI hai, 2,, "manasA pyAlA prema masAlA, brahma agni para jAlI / tana bhATI zravaTAI piye kasa, Age anubhava lAlI // zragama pyAlA pIyo matavAlA, cinhI adhyAtama vAsA / Anandaghana cetana hai khele, dekhe loka tamAsA // jAyasIke pyAle me behozI adhika hai / eka pyAlA pIkara hI itanA nazA AtA hai ki hoza nahI rahatA / jainake pyAleme mastI adhika hai, behozI kama, isI kAraNa ve sAmane khar3e premAspadako dekha sakane me bhI samartha ho pAte hai / ratnasaina to premakI behozI me padmAvatIko pahacAnanA to dUra rahA, dekha bhI na sakA, kintu usane zUnya dRSTike mArga se hI prANoko samarpita kara diyA / "jogI dRSTi dRSTi soM lInA, naina ropi nainahiM jiu dInhA / jAhi mada car3hA parAtehi pAle, sudhi na rahI ohi eka pyAle // ki vaha jisake lagA 3,, / 'premakA tIra' to aisA painA hai anya santa, jahA~kA tahA~ raha gayA aura kUM, kahA samajhAU~ bhora / kabIrane bhI likhA hai, "sArA bahuta pukAriyA, - cAhe vaha jaina ho yA mahAtmA AnandaghanakI dRSTimeM, "kahA dikhAvU tIra acUka hai prema kA lAge so rahe Thau / " pIr3a pukAreM aura / lAgI coTa 1. bhUdharadAsa, bhUdharavilAsa, kalakattA, 50vI rAjala, pR0 28 / 2. zrAnandaghanapadasaMgraha, adhyAtmajJAna prasAraka maNDala, bambaI, 28vA~ pada / 3. jAyasI granthAvalI, paM0 rAmacandra zukla sampAdita, nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI, tRtIya saMskaraNa, vi0 saM0 2003, vasanta khaNDa, 12vI caupAI, pR0 84 4. AnandaghanapadasaMgraha, 4thA pada, pR0 7 /

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tulanAtmaka vivecana 179 sabada kI, rahyA kadhIrAThaura // " jAyasIne prema-bANake ghAvako atyadhika duHkhadAyI mAnA hai| jisake lagatA hai, vaha na to mara ho pAtA hai aura na jIvita hI rahatA hai / bar3I becainI sahatA hai| paramAtmAke virahame 'khilavADa' nahIM A sakatI, kintu phira bhI nirgunie santokI apekSA jaina kaviyomeM saMvedanAtmaka anubhUti adhika hai / kabIrake 'viraha bhujaMgama peti kara kiyA kaleje ghAva, sAdhu aMga na moDahI, jyoM bhAva tyoM khAya / ' se AnandaghanakA pIyA vIna sudha budha khUdI ho, viraha bhuaMga nivAsame, merI sejar3I bUMdo ho| adhika hRdayake samIpa hai| isI bhAMti kabIrake 'jaise jala bina mIna talaphai, aise hari binu merA jiyA klpai|" se banArasIdAsake 'mai virahina piya ke AdhIna, yo talaphau jyo jala bina miin|' meM adhika savalatA hai| jaina aura ajaina santa ___ adhikAMzatayA ajaina santa nimnavargame utpanna hue the, jaba ki jaina santoMkA janma aura pAlana-poSaNa ucca kulame huA thaa| ataH jaina santoMke dvArA jAtipAtike khaNDaname adhika svAbhAvikatA thii| unhoMne janmataH uccagotra pAkara bhI samatAkA upadeza diyA, yaha usa samayake uccakulIna 'ahaM ke prati eka prabala cunautI thii| jaina santa par3he-likhe the, unhone jaina sAhityakA vidhivat adhyayana kiyA thA, kintu nirbhIkatA donoMmeM samAna thii| ___ ajaina santa AjIvikAke lie kucha-na-kucha udyoga avazya karate the, kintu apabhraMzake jaina santa muni yA sAdhu the| jaina hindIkA santa-sAhitya racanevAloMmeM banArasIdAsa, dyAnatarAya, bhUdharadAsa, bhagavatIdAsa prabhRti vyApArAdikA kArya karate the, kintu kucha aise bhI the, jinhoMne munipada dhAraNa kiyA thaa| unameM 'sUri', 'upAdhyAya' aura 'bhaTTAraka' adhika the| muni vinayacanda, bhaTTAraka zubhacanda, yazovijaya upAdhyAya, mahAtmA mAnandadhana aura muni brahmagulAla pramukha the / 1. kavIra granthAvalI, caturtha saMskaraNa, sabada ko aMga, pvA~ dohA, pR0 64 / 2. premaghAva dukha jAna na koI / jehi lAgai jAna tai soI // kaThina marana te prema bevsthaa| nA jiu jiya, na dasarva avasthA / jAyasI granthAvalI, premakhaNDa, pahalI caupAI, pR046 / 3. kabIra granthAvalI, caturtha saMskaraNa, viraha ko aMga,16vI sAkhI, pR06| 4. AnandadhanapadasaMgraha, zvaoN pada, prathama do pNktiyaaN| 5. sentasudhAsAra, kabIradAsa, 'sabada' 38vA~ pada, pR0 76 / 6. banArasIvilAsa, adhyAtmagIta, tIsarA padya, pR0 156 /

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480 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi ajaina santa tanameM eka lambA-sA jhagUlA aura sirapara palledAra TopI pahanate the, jaba ki jaina santokI veSa-bhUSA apanI hI pUrva paramparAke anukUla thii| santa Anandaghanake viSayame yaha nizcaya ho gayA hai ki ve jhaMgUlA nahI pahanate the, apitu unakI veSa-bhUSA jaina sAdhukI thii| 2. jaina ArAdhanA aura saguNa bhakti sUra aura tulasI saguNa brahmake bhakta the| saguNa brahma vaha hai, jisane pRthvIpara avatAra liyA hai, jisame rUpa-rekhA hai, jo vyakta aura spaSTa hai| jaina kaviyoMne apanI upAsanAke puSpa arhantake caraNome arpita kiye hai / arhanta ve hai, jinhoMne pahale tIrthaMkara prakRtikA bandha kiyA ho, kintu phira bhI unako avatAra nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ve tapa aura dhyAnake dvArA bhayakara parISahoko sahate hue cAra dhAtiyA karmoM ko jalA pAte haiM, taba kahI arhanta kahalAneke adhikArI hote hai| arthAt brahma pahale hI se bhagavAna hai, kintu arhanta svapauruSase bhagavAn banate hai| isake atirikta saguNa brahma vizvake kartA hai, jaba ki arhantame kevala preraNAjanya kartatva hI pAyA jAtA hai / kintu sAkAratA, vyaktatA aura spaSTatAko dRSTise donome koI antara nahI hai| ataH jaina bhaktikSetrame arhanta saguNa brahmake rUpame hI pUje jAte hai| __ arhantameM sAkAratA isalie hai ki Ayukarma kSINa hone taka unakA zarIra avaziSTa hai / siddha, Ayukarmake naSTa ho jAnese, zarIrako tyAga kara, zuddha AtmarUpame siddhazilApara virAjate hai, ataH ve nirAkAra hai / siddhane ATho karmokA kSaya kara liyA hai, jaba ki arhantako cAra aghAtiyA karma naSTa karane haiN| siddha arhantase bar3e hai, kintu jainoMke prasiddha mantra 'Namo arihantANaM' me pahale arhantoko 1. AcArya kSitimohanasenane 'jainamaramI AnandadhanakA kAvya' nAmake nibandhameM likhA thA, "yaha bhI jAna paDatA hai ki ve sAdhuveza tyAga karake maramI bhaktoke samAna dIrgha aMgAvaraNa pahanA karate the|" dekhie, vINA, 1938 I0, navambara, aMka 1, pR0 8 / 2. eka yati jJAnasAgara hue hai, jinhoMne Anandadhana bahattarIko TIkA likhI thii| unake anusAra mahAtmA mAnandaghana jaina sAdhukI veza-bhUSAmeM hI rahate the| 3. jaina bhakti-kAvyakI pRSThabhUmi, prathama adhyAya, 4. "niSkalaH pnycvidhshriirrhitH|" paramAtmaprakAza, 1225, brahmadevakI saskRta TIkA, pRSTha 32 /

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tulanAtmaka vivecana 485 hI namaskAra kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki ve samavazaraName virAjakara apanI divya vANIse janatAkA upakAra karate hai| isa bhA~ti spaSTa hai ki lokake madhya unhIMkI pratiSThA adhika hai| ___ jaina hindI kaviyoMne arhantake prati anurAgamUlaka bhaktikA pada-padapara paricaya diyA hai| yahA~taka ki unhone bhava-bhavame bhaktikI hI yAcanA kii| bhaktake lie bhakti hI utkRSTa phala hai| upAdhyAya jayasAgara (15vI zatI) ne 'caturvizati jinastuti' meM bhagavAna mahAvIrase prArthanA kI hai, "kari pasAu mujha tima kimaI, mahAvIra jinnraay| iNi bhavi ahavA anna bhavi, jima sevauM tu pAya |"kvi jayalAla (16vI zatI) ne tIrthaMkara vimalanAthakI stutime likhA hai, "tuma darasana mana haraSA, caMdA jema cakorA jo| rAjaridhi mAMgauM nahI, bhavi bhavi darasana torA jI / " bhUbaradAsa bhagavAnko dekhakara aise vimugdha hue ki bhava-bhavameM bhaktikI hI yAtrA kI: "mari nayana nirakha nAtha tuma ko aura vAMchA nA rahI / mana ThaTha manoratha maye pUrana raMka mAno nidhi lahI // aba hou bhava-bhava bhakti tumharI, kRpA aisI kIjiye / kara jori bhUdharadAsa vinavai, yahI vara mohi dIjiye // " jaina kaviyoMkI 'aura vAMchA nA rahI' vAlI bAta sUradAsa aura tulasIdAsame bhI pAyI jAtI hai / tulasIdAsane 'vinayapatrikA' me likhA hai, "cahauM na sugati, sumati, saMpati kachu, ridhi, sidhi vipula bdd'aaii| hetu rahita anurAga rAma-pada bar3he, anudina adhikAI // " sUradAsane apanI svAbhAvika garimAke sAtha hI kahA, 1. "asatyahatyAptAgamapadArthAvagamo na bhavedasmadAdInAM, saMjAtazcaitat prasAdA dityupakArApekSayA vAdI arhannamaskAraH kriyate / " bhagavat puSpadanta bhUtabali, ghaTakhaNDAgama, vIrasenAcAryakI TIkAsahita, DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina sampAdita, amarAvatI, vi0 saM0 1666, pRSTha 53-54 / 2. jaina gurjarakavio, tIjo bhAga, pRSTha 1476 / / 3. muni jayalAla, vimalanAtha stavana, 13vA~ padya, zrI kAmatAprasAda jainake saMgrahakI hastalikhita prti| 4. bhUdharadAsa, darzana stuti, cauthA padya, bRhajjinavANI saMgraha, paM0 pannAlAla vAkalIvAla sampAdita, samrATa saMskaraNa, madanagaja, kizanagar3ha, san 1956 I0, pR0 40 / 5. gosvAmI tulasIdAse, vinayapatrikA, viyogIhari sampAdita, vi0 saM0 2007, pUrvAdha, pada 103, pRSTha 165 /

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482 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi "apanI makti dehu bhagavAn / koTi lAlaca jo dikhAvahu, nAhi naiM ruci Ana // '' bhaktise mukti ___ jainadharmakA mUlAdhAra hai mukti / jainoMke ArAdhya ve paramAtmA hai, jinhoMne 'karmamalImasa' ko dUra kara muvita prApta kara lI hai| karmoMse pUrNatayA chuTakArA pA lenA hI mukti hai / jaina siddhAntame yaha mukti jJAnake dvArA prAptavya mAnI gayI hai| hindIke jaina bhakta-kaviyoMne apane bhagavAnse muktikI bhI yAcanA kI hai| arthAt unhe bhaktise mukti milanekA pUrNa vizvAsa hai| ise lena-denakA bhAva nahIM kaha sakate, kyoki jinendra muktirUpa hI hai| karmose mukta huI AtmA jinendra hai aura vaha hI mukti hai| ataH muktikI yAcanAme bhaktake jinendramaya honekA bhAva hai| bhakta sadaiva apane ArAdhyakI isa mahimAse anuprANita hotA rahA hai| jaba dyAnatarAyane yaha kahA ki, "jo tuma mokha deta nahiM hamako, kahAM jAyaM kihiM DerA", to usame bhI apane bhagavAnko mahimAkI hI bAta hai| tulasIne bhI, "raghupati-bhakti sata-saMgati binu, ko bhava trAsa nasAvai / " me rAmakI mahimAkA ho varNana kiyA hai| ___kavi banArasodAsane to yahAMtaka likhA ki bhagavAn jinendrase muktikI yAcanAkI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, unake caraNoMkA sparza karanese vaha to svataH hI prApta ho jAtI hai, "jagata me so devana ko deva / jAsu carana paraseM indrAdika, hoya mukati svayameva // " isIse milatA-julatA sUradAsakA kathana hai, jisameM unhoMne kRSNake bhajanase ho bhava-jalanidhiko pAra utaranA likhA hai, "sUradAsa vrata yahai kRSNa bhaji bhavajalanidhi utarata / " 1. sUradAsa, sUrasAgara, prathama khaNDa, AcArya nandadulAre vAjapeyI sempAdita, kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, banArasa, dvitIya saMskaraNa, vi0 sa0 2006, prathama skandha, 106vA pada, pR0 34 / 2. "bandhahetvabhAva-nirjarAbhyAM kRtsna-karmavipramokSo mokSaH" tattvArthasUtra, 10 / 2 / 3. paM0 rAmacandra zuklane isako lena-denakA bhAva kahA hai| dekhie cintAmaNi, prathama bhAga, pR0 205 / 4. dyAnatapadasaMgraha, kalakattA, 5vA~ pada, pRSTha 3 / 5. vinayapatrikA, viyogIhari sampAdita, SaSTha saMskaraNa, banArasa, pUrvArdha 121vaoN pada, pR0 225 / 6. banArasIdAsa, adhyAtmapada paMkti, 15vaoN pada, banArasIvilAsa, jayapura, pR0 232 / 7. sUrasAgara, prathama skandha, 55vA~ pada, pR0 16 /

Page #509
tulanAtmaka vivecana 483 bhaktise jJAna jaina aura vaiSNava donoM hI bhakta kaviyoMne jJAnako anivAryatA svIkAra kI hai| tulasIne likhA hai ki jJAnake binA isa saMsArarUpI samudrako koI pAra nahIM kara sakatA, binu viveka saMsAra ghora nidhi, pAra na pAvai koI / ' kavi banArasIdAsane bhI jJAnake balapara hI maMsArase taranekI bAta kahI hai, banArasIdAsa jina ukati amRta rasa, soI jJAna sune tU anaMna mava trihai| tulasIdAsane "raghupati bhakti-vAri chAlita cita, binu prayAsa hI sUjhai ke dvArA, raghupatike bhaktirUpI jalase pavitra hue cittame, binA prayAsake hI, jJAnake utpanna honekI bAta likhI hai| sUradAsane bhI, "sUra syAma-padanakha prakAsa binu, kyoM kari timira nasAvai"' meM bhagavatkRpAse hI ajJAnAnvakArakA dUra honA svIkAra kiyA hai| jaina kaviyokA bhaktise jJAnakI utpatti meM satata vizvAsa rahA hai| kavi banArasIdAsane 'nATaka samayasAra' meM likhA hai ki bhagavAn jinendrake yazakA varNana karanese jJAnakA prakAza chiTaka jAtA hai aura malina buddhi nirmala ho jAtI hai, "jAko jasa japata prakAsa jagai hirade maiM, soha suddhamati hoi hutI ju malina sii|" dyAnatarAyane bhI, "sarva cintA gaI buddhi nirmala bhaI, jabarbAha citta jugala caranani lgaayo|" ke dvArA bhagavAnke caraNoMmeM citta lagAnese buddhikA nirmala honA likhA hai| isa viSayako lekara jaina aura vaiSNava kaviyoMmeM eka antara bhI hai / jahA~ tulasI aura sUrane kevala bhaktise hI jJAnakA prApta honA likhA hai, vahAM jaina 1. vinayapatrikA, pUrvArdha, banArasa, 115vA~ pada, pR0 214 / 2. zAnabAvanI, 20vA~ padya, banArasIvilAsa, jayapura, pR0 7 / 3. vinayapatrikA, pUrvAddha, 124vaoN pada, pR0 230 / 4. sUrasAgara, prathama khaNDa, prathama skandha, 48vA~ pada, pR017 / 5. nATaka samayasAra, jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, prathama saMskaraNa, vi0 saM0 1686, 1332, pR0 468 / 6. dhAnatapadasaMgraha, kalakattA, 11vaoN pada, pR05|

Page #510
401 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi kaviyoMne bhaktike sAtha-sAya svAnuprayAmako bhI mahattA pradAna kI hai| kavi banArasIdAsakA kathana hai ki yaha jIva apane nijI prayAsase hI jJAnako prApta karatA hai aura khotA hai, "pApu samAri lakhai apano pada, Apu visAri ke Apuhi mohai| vyApaka rUpa yahai ghaTa aMtara, ___ gyAna meM kauna ajJAna meM ko hai // " mAyA ajJAnako pratIka hai| usake viSayameM bhI yahI bAta hai| tulasIdAsane, "mAdhava asi tumhAri yaha mAyA, kari upAya paci mariya, tariya nahi, jaba lagi karaha na daayaa|" me raghupatikI dayAke binA mAyAkA dUra honA asambhava mAnA hai / jaina kavi bhUdharadAsane bhI bhagavanta - bhajanase hI moha-pizAcakA nAza honA svIkAra kiyA hai, "moha pizAca chalyo mati mArai, nija kara kaMdha vasUlA re| maja zrI rAjamatIvara bhUdhara, do duramati sira dhUlA re // bhagavaMta bhajana kyo bhUlA re // " kintu aneka sthAnoMpara jaina kaviyone yaha bhI svIkAra kiyA hai ki mAyA na to bhagavAnkI bhejI huI hai aura na bhagavAnkI kRpAse dUra hI ho sakatI hai / ise to manuSya mohanIyakarmakA nAza karake hI jIta pAtA hai| banArasIdAsako dRSTimeM mAyArUpI beliko ukhAr3aneme kevala jJAnI AtmA hI samartha hai| unhoMne AtmAko yoddhA kahate hue likhA hai, "mAyA belI jetI tetI reta meM dhAretI sevI, phaMdA hI ko kaMdA khode khetI ko so jodhA hai| __ jaina kavi bhagavatIdAsa 'bhaiyA' kA kathana hai ki kAyArUpI nagarIme cidAnandarUpI rAjA rAjya karatA hai| vaha mAyArUpI rAnIme magna rahatA hai / jaba usakA satyArthakI ora dhyAna gayA, to jJAna upalabdha ho gayA aura mAyAko vibhoratA dUra ho gayo, 1. nATaka samayasAra, 6 / 13, pR0 281 / 2. vinayapatrikA, pUrvAddha, 116vaoN pada, 216 / 3. bhUdharavilAsa, kalakattA, 16vaoN pada, pR0 11 // 4. nATakasamayasAra, dillI, mokSadvAra, tIsarA padya, pR081 /

Page #511
tulanAmA vivecana 185 "kAyA sI ju nagarI meM cidAnanda rAja kare mAyA sI ju rAnI pai magana bahu bhayo hai| aisI rAjadhAnI meM apane guNa bhUli rahyo, sudhi jaba AI tabai jJAna Apa gahyo hai|" ArAdhyakI anya devoMse mahattA anya devoMse apane ArAdhyako bar3A batAnekA bhAva ekezvaravAdako bhAvanAse anuprANita hai / kabIrako dRSTime bahudevavAdo usa vyabhicAriNo stroke samAna hai, jo apane patiko chor3akara jAropara Asakta rahatI hai| caranadAmakA kathana hai ki cAhe sira TaTakara pathvIpara loTane lage, kintu rAmaka sivA kisI anya devatAke samakSa na jhuke| ' vaiSNava aura jaina donoM hI kaviyoMne apane Alambanake atirikta kisI aurakI bhakti nahIM kii| unakI daSTime anya deva svayaM bhikhArI hai, phira ve dUsaroMko yAcanA kaise pUrI kara sakate hai| sUradAsane anya devoMse bhikSA mAMganeko rasanAkA vyartha prayAsa kahA hai| jaina kavi bhUdharadAsane bhI, "bhUvara pada dAlida kyoM dalihaiM, jo haiM Apa bhikhArI'' kahakara umIkA samarthana kiyA hai / tulasIdAsane likhA hai ki anyadeva mAyAse vivaza haiM, unakI zaraNameM jAnA vyartha hai| bhagavatIdAsa 'bhaiyA' kA bhI kathana hai ki aura saba deva rAgI dveSI haiM, unakI sevA karanese pApa 1. bhagavatIdAsa 'bhaiyA' brahmavilAsa, jainagrantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, san 162630 zata aSTottarI, 28vA~ savaiyA, pR0 14 / 2. nAri kahAve pIva ko, rahai aura saMga soya / jAra sadA mana mai basai, khasama khuzI kyA hoya // santa bAnI saMgraha, bhAga 1, pR0 18 / 3. yaha sira nave ta rAma ku~, nAhI girayo TUTa / Ana deva nAhiM parasie, yaha tana jAyo chUTa // vahI, pR0 147 / 4. 'jAMcaka paijAMcaka kaha jA~cai? jo jA~ce to rasanA haarii||" sUrasAgara, prathama skandha, 34vA~ pada, pR012 / 5. bhUdhara vilAsa, kalakattA, 53vA~ pada, pR0 30 / 6. deva danuja muni nAga manuja saba mAyA-bibasa vicAre / tinake hAtha dAsa tulaso prabhu, kahA apunapau hAre / vinayapatrikA, pUrvArDa, 101vA~ pada, pR0 162 / 32

Page #512
186 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi kaise kaTa sakate haiM ? tulasIdAsane anya devoMko svArthI kahA hai, ve zaraNAgatako rakSA karanemeM bhI asamartha hai| dyAnatarAyane tIno bhavanoMme jinendra ke samAna anya koI sAmarthyavAn deva nahI dekhaa| kevala jinendra ho 'bhava-jIvani' ko tAraneme samartha haiN| isa bhAMti jaina aura vaiSNava donoM hI ne apane-apane ArAdhyako anya devoMse bar3A mAnA hai / yadyapi isase bhaktakI eka niSThA prakaTa hotI hai, kintu anya devoMke prati kar3avAhaTakA bhAva kisI bhAMti sarAhanIya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isa viSayameM vaiSNava aura jaina donoM hI kaviyone zAlInatAkA ullaMghana kiyA hai / sUradAsane apane ArAdhyako kAmadhenu aura dUsaroMko ajA kahA, vahAMtaka to ThIka hai, kintu jaba unhoMne 'haya gayaMda utari kahA gardabha car3hi dhAU~" kahA, to spaSTa hI maryAdAkA ullaMghana thaa| isI bhA~ti bhUdharadAsane jabataka jinendrakI vANIko ketakIkA phUla aura dUsaroMkI vANIko kanerakA puSpa tathA ekako gAya-dUdha aura dUsarIko Aka-dUdha kahA, vahAMtakake ThIka thA, kintu jaba unhoMne ekako koyalakI Tera aura dUsarIko kAga-vAMNI kahA," to spaSTa rUpeNa zAlInatAko sImAkA atikramaNa kiyaa| 1. rAgI dveSI dekha deva tAko nita karai seva, aiso hai abeva tAko kaise pApa khapano // bhagavatIdAse 'bhaiyA', jinadharma pacIsikA, 16vA~ kavitta, brahmavilAsa, pR0 215 / 2. aura devana kI kahA kahau, svArathahiM ke bhiit| kabahu~ kAhu na rAkhi liyo, kou sarana gayau sabhIta / / vinayapatrikA, uttarArddha, 216vaoN pada, pR0 424 / 3. tuma samAna kou deva na dekhyA, tIna bhavana chAnI / Apa tare bhava jIvani tAre mamatA nahiM AnI / / dyAnatapadasaMgraha, kalakattA, 28vA pada, pR0 12 / 4. kAmadhenu chor3i kahA ajA lai duhAU~, haya gayaMda utari kahA gardabha car3hi dhAU~ // sUrasAgara, prathama khaNDa, kAzI, 166vA~ pada, pR0 54 / 5. kaise kari ketakI kanera eka kahI jAya, Aka dUdha gAya dUdha antara ghanera hai| pIrI hota rI rI pai na rIsa karai kaMcana kI, ___ kahA~ kAga vAMNI kahA~ koyala kI Tera hai // bhUdharadAsa, jainazataka, kalakattA, 16vA~ kavitta, pR0 5 /

Page #513
tulanAtmaka vivecana ananya bhakti to vaha hI hai, jaba bhaktako apane ArAdhya ke sivA anya kisI ora dekhanekA eka kSaNa bhI na mile| kisI anyadevako burA kahanese itanA to prakaTa hI hai ki dhyAna ughara gayA / ananya bhaktime to manako Alambanapara kendrita karane kA bhAva hai / tulasIne pratijJA kI ki-kAna rAmake atirikta aura kisIkI kathA nahIM suneMge, rasanA aura kisIke gIta nahIM gAyegI, netra aura kisIko nahIM dekheMge tathA sira kisI anyake samakSa nahI jhukegA / ' kavi dyAnatarAyakA kathana hai ki-carana ve hI hai, jo jina bhavana pahu~cate haiM, jihvA vaha hI hai, jo jina nAma gAtI hai / A~kha vaha hI hai, jo jinarAjako dekhatI hai aura zravaNa ve hI hai, jo jina vacana sunate hai / kahane kA tAtparya hai ki ye kavi jaba yugase Upara uTha gaye haiM, to unheM apane devake atirikta anyake astitvakA bhI AbhAsa nahIM huA / unakI sAttvikatAkA yaha pRSTha hI vAstavika hai / 487 dInatA aura svadoSoM kA ullekha bhakti Alambanake mahatva aura apane dainyakA anubhava parama Avazyaka aMga hai / ArAdhya kI mahattA ke anubhavake sAtha hI apanI dInatAkA AbhAsa hue binA nahIM rahatA / kintu bhaktakI dInatA kisI cATukArI bhAvase saMcAlita nahI hotI, kyoki usame ArAdhyamaya ho jAnekI AkAMkSAke atirikta anya koI icchA avaziSTa nahI raha jAtI hai / ataH darabArI kaviyoMkI donatA aura bhakta kaviyoMkI dInatA antara hai / tulasIkI dInatA jagaprasiddha hai| kahI to unhoMne likhA 1. jAnakI - jIvana ko bali jaihauM ! cita hai, rAmasIya - pada parihari aba na kahU~ cali jaihIM // aft auri kathA nahi sunihoM, rasanA aura na hau / rokihI~ naina bilokata aurahi sosa Isa hI nahI || vinayapatrikA, pUrvArdha, 104vA~ pada, pR0166 / 2. re jiya! janama lAho leha || carana te jina bhavana pahu~ceM, dAna deM kara jeha / ura soI jAmai dayA hai, aru rudhira ko geha / jIbha so jina nAma gAvai sA~ca so kareM neha / A~kha te jinarAja dekheM, aura A~kheM kheha | na te jina bacana suni, zubha tapa tapai so deha | re jiya0 // dyAnatapadasaMgraha, kalakattA, havA pada, pR0 4 /

Page #514
hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi haiM, "tuma sama dInabandhu na dIna kou mo sama sunahu nRpati rghuraaii|" kahI likhA hai, "dInabandhu dUsaro kaha~ pAtro", " aura kahI unhe "binu kArana para upagArI, ati ko karunA nidhAna, dona hitakArI" rAmake atirikta anya koI upalabdha nahIM huA / sUradAsake vinayake padoMme dInatA bikharI paDI hai| unhone bhI 13 likhA hai, 488 "aba dhauM kahau, kauna dara jAUM ? 623 tuma jagapAla, catura ciMtAmani, dInabaMdhu suni nAuM // jaina kaviyoM ke bhAva bhI inase milate-julate hai / kavi dyAnatarAyane apane manako dInadayAlu bhagavAn jinendrakA bhajana karaneke lie nirantara prerita kiyA hai / bhUdharadAsako bho bhagavAnke dInadayAlu rUpa me parama vizvAsa hai| unhone saMsArI dazAse duHkhita hokara dInadayAlu bhagavAnko pukArA hai, " ho jagata guru eka, suniyo araja hamArI / tuma ho dInadayAlu, maiM dukhiyA saMsArI // z dInatA ke sAtha hI bhakta ne apane doSoMkA bhI khulakara ullekha kiyA hai / use bhagavAn kI udAratAme pUrNa vizvAsa hai / bhagavAn dayAlu hai, vaha apane bhaktako, hote hue bhI bhavasamudrase pAra lagA detA hai / tulasAne 'vinayapatrikA me likhA hai, " mAdhava mI samAna jaga nAhIM / saba bidhihIna, malIna, dIna ati, lIna viSaya kou nAhIM // tuma sama hetu-rahita kRpAlu bhArata-hita Isa na tyAgI / maiM dukha- soka - vikala, kRpAlu kehi kArana dayA na lAgI // jaina kavi bhagavatIdAsa 'bhaiyA' ne 'cetana' ke doSo ko prakaTa karate hue, use bhagavAnkA bhajana karane kI bAta kahI hai| unheM vizvAsa hai ki bhagavAnkI kRpAse doSa palAyana kara jAyeMge, pahalA padya, pR0 522 / 6. vinayapatrikA, pUrvArddha, 144vA~ pada, pR0 213 / ydr, 1. vinayapatrikA, uttarArdha, 242vaoN pada, pR0 475 / 2. 232vaoN pada, pR0 455 / 3. vahI, 166vA~ pada, pR0 321 // 4. sUrasAgara, prathama skandha, 165vA~ pada, pR0 54 | 5. bhUdharadAsa, jinastuti, jJAnapITha pUjAJjali, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, chaThA khaNDa,

Page #515
tulanAtmaka vivecana "bhagavaMta majo su tajo paramAda, samAdhi ke saMga meM raMga rho| aho cetana tyAga parAi subuddhi, gaho nija zuddha jyoM sukkha laho / viSayA rasa ke hita bUr3ata ho, bhava sAgara meM kachu zuddhi gaho / tuma jJAyaka ho SaTa dravyana ke, tina soM hita jAni ke Apa kho|" zrI vinayaprabha upAdhyAya (15vIM zato vikrama) ne 'sImandharasvAmIstavanam'me likhA hai ki dopoke kAraNa yaha jIva bhava-samudrame Daba rahA hai, use tAraneme svAmI sImandhara hI samartha hai, "moha mara bahula-jala pUra saMpUrie, viSaya-ghaNa-kamma-varAji sNraajie| bhava jalahi majika nibaDaMta jaMtU-kae, ___ sAmi sImaMdharo pojima sohe|" jaina aura vaiSNava dono hI kaviyone bhagavAnako unake virada' kA smaraNa dilAyA hai| bhagavAnakA 'virada' bhaktoko saMsArase tAranekA hai, cAhe ve dopoMse yukta hoM athavA unmukta / sUradAsane eka padame likhA hai ki-he bhagavana ! mai to doSose bharA haA hai, yadi Apa apane virada' kA smaraNa kareMge, tabhI merA kAma banegA. anyathA nhiiN| "sUradAsa vinatI kaha vinavai, doSani deha mrii| apano birada samhArahage to yAmeM saba nivarI // " dyAnatarAyane bhI bhagavAna nemIzvarake tArana-taranake 'birada' ko svIkAra kiyA hai / ve saMsArake pApa jalAneme vikhyAta hai, "sakala mavi-adha-dahana vArida, birada tArana-tarana / indra candra phaninda dhyAve, pAya sukha dukha harana // " 1. bhagavatIdAsa, 'bhaiyA', zata aSTottarI, 102vA~ saMvayA, brahmavilAsa, pR0 31 / 2. vinayaprama upAdhyAya, somandharasvAmIstavanam , tIsarA padya, Ancient Jain Hymns, Charlotte Krause edited, Scindia Oriental Institute Ujjain, 1952, P. 121. 3 sUrasAgara, prathama skandha, 130vA pada, pR0 43 / 4. dyAnatapadasaMgraha, pahalA pada, pR01|

Page #516
hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi viSNu aura jinendra donoM hI ne 'carana gahe kI lAja' kA nirvAha kiyA hai| sUradAsane likhA hai, "jo hama bhale bure to tere ? tumheM hamArI lAja bar3AI, binatI suni prabhu mere // ' kavi dyAnatarAyakA bhI kathana hai ki hama tumhAre bhakta hai, hamArI carana gahe kI lAja nibAho, "jAke kevalajJAna virAjata, lokAloka prakAzana hArA / carana gahe kI lAja nibAho, prabhu jI dyAnata bhagata tumhArA // " upAlambha aneka bhakta kaviyoMne bhagavAnko upAlambha bhI diye hai| dina aura rAta svAmIke pAsa rahate-rahate jisa prakAra sevakakI dhar3aka khula jAtI hai, usI bhAMti prabhuke satata dhyAnase jo sAnnidhyakI anubhUti bhaktake hRdayameM utpanna hotI hai, usake kAraNa vaha kabhI-kabhI mIThA upAlambha bho detA hai / tulasone eka padame likhA hai ki-he bhagavan ! mujhe kyoM vismaraNa kara diyA hai| Apa apanI mahimA aura mere pApoko jAnate hai, phira bhI merI samhAla kyoM nahIM karate / pahale to mujhe khaga, ganikA aura vyAdhakI paktime baiThA diyA, phira parasI huI kRpAkI pattala phAr3a kyoM DAlI ? mujhe narakame jAnekA bhaya nahIM hai, duHkha to isakA hai ki ApakA nAma bhI pApa na jalA sakA, "kAhe te hari ! mohi bisaaro| jAnata nija mahimA, mere agha, tadapi na nAtha sNbhaaro|| khaga-ganikA-gaja-vyAdha-pAMti jahaM, tahaM hauM hUM baiThAro / aba kehi lAja kRpA nidhAna, parasata panavAro phAro // nAhina naraka parata mokahaM Dara, jadyapi hauM ati haaro| yaha bar3a trAsa dAsa tulasI prabhu, nAmahu pApa na jAro // " jaina kavi dyAnatarAyakA svara bhI tulasIse milatA-julatA hI hai / unhoMne likhA hai ki - he bhagavan ! mere samaya DhIla kyoM kara rakhI hai| tumane seTha sudarzanako vipattikA apaharaNa kiyA, satI sItAke lie agnike sthAnapara jala kara diyA / isI bhAMti tumane vAriSeNa, zrIpAla aura somApara bhI dayA kii| phira mujhe tArate samaya hI dera kyoM kara rahe hai, 1. sUrasAgara, prathama skandha, 130vA~ pada, pR0 43 / 2. dhAnatapadasaMgraha, 26vA~ pada, pR0 13 / / 3. vinayapatrikA, pUrvAddha, 14vaoN pada, pR0 180 /

Page #517
tulanAtmaka vivecana "merI bera kahA DhIla karI jI! sUlI soM siMhAsana kIno, seTha sudarzana vipati harI jI // sItA satI agini maiM paiThI, pAvaka nIra karI sagarI jii| vAriSeNa pai khar3aga calAyo, phUla mAla kInI sutharI jI // dhanyA vApI paratho nikAlyo, tA ghara riddha aneka bharI jI / sirIpAla sAgara taiM tAratho, rAja bhoga ke mukata barI jI // sAMpa huyo phUlana kI mAlA, somA para tuma dayA dharI jii| dyAnata maiM kachu jAMcata nAhI, kara vairAgya dazA hamarI jI // " bhagavAnke samakSa dhar3aka khula jAnekA artha yaha nahIM hai ki unase jo cAhe so kaha diyA jAye / vahA~ bhI zAlInatAkA dhyAna to rakhanA hI pdd'egaa| kahI-kahIM sUradAsako phaTakAra zAlIna manako rucatI nahI / eka sthAnapara unhoMne likhA hai, "patita pAvana hari, birada tumhAro kaunaiM nAma dhryo| hauM to dIna, dukhita, ati durabala, dvAre sTata parayau // " isake samakSa yAnatarAyakA eka upAlambha dekhie| usame garimA to hai, kintu maryAdAkA ullaMghana nhiiN| unakA yaha pada upAlambha sAhityakA eka anUThA ratna hai / bhaktane kahA, "tuma prabhu kahiyata dIna dayAla / Apana jAya mukata maiM baiThe, hama ju rulata, jaga jAla // tumaro nAma japeM hama nIke, mana baca tInauM kAla / tuma to hamako kachU deta nahiM, hamaro kauna havAla // " nAma-japa sabhI bhakta kaviyoMne bhagavAn ke nAma-japako mahimA svIkAra kI hai| tulasIne likhA hai ki bhagavAnkA nAma-japa ihalaukika vibhUti to detA hI hai, pAralauki zAzvata sukha bhI pradAna karatA hai, 1.dyAnatapadasaMgraha, kalakattA, 17vA~ pada, pR0 7-8 / 2. sUrasAgara, prathama skandha, 133vA~ pada, pR0 44 / 3. yAnatapadasaMgraha, 6yA~ pada, pR0 28 /

Page #518
192 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi "nAma ko bharoso bala, cArihUM phala ko phala, ___ sumiriye chAMDi chala, bhalo kRtu hai / svAratha sAdhaka, paramAratha dAyaka nAma, rAma nAma sArikho na aura dUjo hitu hai|" jaina kavi zrI kuzalalAmane bhI paMca parameSThIke nAmako mahimA batalAte hue kahA hai ki - jo nitya prati navakArako japatA hai, usako sAMsArika sukha to mila hI jAtA hai, zAzvata siddhi bhI prApta ho jAtI hai, "nitya japI I navakAra saMsAra saMpatti sukhadAyaka, siddha maMtra, zAzvato ima jape zrI gajanAyaka / " bhagavatIdAsa 'bhaiyA' kA vizvAsa hai ki vItarAgI bhagavAnkA nAma lenevAleke dhAma dhanase to bhara hI jAte hai, vaha bhavasindhuse bhI pAra ho jAtA hai, "vItarAga nAma setI kAma saba hohiM nIke vItarAga nAma setI dhAma dhana bhariye / vItarAga nAma setI vidhana vilAya jAyaM, vItarAga nAma setI bhava-sindhu tariye // " sukha cAhe ihalaukika ho cAhe pAralaukika, pApa naSTa hue binA prApta nahIM hotA / bhagavAnkA nAma lene mAtrase ho pApa dUra ho jAte hai / tulasIne likhA hai, "rAma nAma soM rahani, rAma nAma kI kahani, kuTila - kali - mala - soka - saMkaTa-harani // " "bhaiyA' bhagavatIdAsane tIrthakara munisuvratanAthake nAmase pApoMko kampAyamAna hote hue dikhAyA hai, "munisuvrata jina nAMva, nAMva tribhuvana jasa jNpai| jaMpai sura nara jApa, jApa japi pApa su kaMpai // " dyAnatarAyane likhA hai ki bhagavAnkA nAma lenese eka kSaNameM hI karor3oM adhajAla kaTa jAte haiM, 1. vinayapatrikA, uttarAddha, 254vA~ pada, pR0 503 / 2. kuzalalAbha, navakAra chanda, antimakalaza, jainagurjara kavio, pahalA bhAga, bambaI, 1926 I0, pR0 216 / 3. bhagavatIdAsa 'bhaiyA', ahikSiti pArzvanAtha stuti, 22vaoN kavitta, brahmavilAsa, pR0 162-163 / 4. vinayapatrikA, uttarArddha, 247vA~ pada, pR0 485 / 5. bhagavatIdAsa, 'maiyA', catuviMzati jinastuti, 20vaoN chappaya, brahmavilAsa, pR0 17 /

Page #519
tulanAtmaka vivecana 493 "re mana maja bhaja diindnaal| jAke nAma leta ika china maiM, kareM koTa agha jAla // " bhUvaradAsakA kathana hai ki sImandharasvAmIke nAmakA uccAraNa karanese pApa usI bhA~ti naSTa ho jAte hai, jaise sUryodayase aMdherA, "sImaMdhara svAmI maiM caranana kA ceraa| nAma liye aba nA raheM jyauM Uge mAna aMdherA // " bhagavAnke nAmame zraddhA karanA pratyeka vyaktikA kartavya hai / veda, purANa aura purAri Adi sabhIne bhagavAnke nAmako mahimA svIkAra kI hai| kucha aise bhI haiM, jo isa mahimAko svIkAra nahI karate, kintu bhagavAnke bhakta unake prati bhI udAra raheM, yaha hI ucita hai / tulasIne unako gadhA kahA hai, "veda hU, purAna hU, purAri hU pukAri kayo, nAma prema cAri phala hU ko pharu hai / aise rAma-nAma soM na prIti na pratIti mana, mere jAna jAnibo soI nara kharu hai|" dyAnatarAyane bhI eka aise hI padakA nirmANa kiyA hai, jisame unhoMne bhagavAnkA nAma na lenevAleko dhikkArA to hai, kintu 'gadhA'-jaise zabdakA prayoga nahIM kiyaa| unakA kathana isa prakAra hai, "indra phaninda cakradhara gAvai, jAko nAma rasAla / jAko nAma jJAna parakAsai, nAzai mithyA - jAla // pazu te dhanya dhanya te paMkhI, saphala karai avatAra / nAma binA dhika mAnava ko bhava, jala bala dvai haiM chAra // " bhagavAnkI udAratA usake nAmame bhI sannihita hai| bhagavAnkA nAma lenese kevala puNyAtmA hI nahIM, apitu pApI bhI tara jAtA hai / sUradAsane likhA hai, "ko ko na tasyau hari nAma liye| suvA par3hAvata ganikA tArI, byAdha tarayo sara-ghAta kiye| aMtaradAha ju mivyau vyAsa ko ika cita hai bhAgavata kiye // " 1. dyAnatapadasaMgraha, kalakattA, 66vaoN pada, pR0 28 // 2. bhUdharavilAsa, kalakattA, dUsarA pada, pR0 1-2 / 3.vinayapatrikA, uttarAddha, 255vaoN pada, pR0505| 4. dyAnatapadasaMgraha, 66vA~ pada, pR0 28 / 5. sUrasAgara, prathama skandha, 86vA~ pada, pR0 26 /

Page #520
494 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi bhagavAnke nAmameM pApiyoMko tAranekI zaktikA ullekha bhUdharadAsane bhI kiyA hai| unakA kathana hai ki bhagavAnkA nAma lenese aMjana-se cora aura kIcaka-se abhimAnI bhI tara gaye hai, "mheM to thAkI Aja mahimA jAnI, aba loM nahiM ura AnI / / kAhe ko mava vana meM bhramate, kyoM hote dukha daanii| nAma pratApa tire aMjana se, kIcaka se abhimaanii||" tulasIdAsane rAmake nAmako bhava-begArase chUTanekA uttama sAdhana mAnA hai, "rAma kahata calu, rAma kahata calu, rAma kahata calu bhAI re| nAhiM tau bhava-begAri mahaM parihau chUTata ati kaThinAI re||" eka dUsare sthAnapara unhoMne kahA ki bhagavAnke nAmase koI cintA nahIM rahatI, aura mokSaloka prApta ho jAtA hai, "tulasI jaga jAniyata nAma te, soca na kUca mukAma ko|" jaina kavi manarAmane 'manarAmavilAsa' meM likhA hai ki 'arihaMta' kA nAma ATha karma rUpI duzmanoMko naSTa kara detA hai aura mokSa pradAna karatA hai, "karamAdika arina ko harai arihaMta nAma, siddha karai kAja saba siddha ko majana hai // " bhUgharadAsakA kathana hai ki yadi manuSya-jIvanase chuTakArA pAnA hai, to bhagavAn nemIzvarakA nAma raTo, "hai ajauM eka upAya bhUdhara, chaTai jo nara dhAra hai / raTi nAma rAjula mana ko, pazu baMdha chor3ana hAra re // " bhagavAnkA nAma kevala bhakti hI nahIM, apitu jJAna bhI pradAna karatA hai| sUradAsane likhA hai, 1. bhUdharavilAsa, kalakattA, 43vA~ pada, pR0 24 / 2. vinayapatrikA, uttarArddha, 186vA~ pada, pR0 366 / 3. vahI, 156vA~ pada, pR0 305 / 4. manarAma, manarAma vilAsa, mandira TholiyAna, jayapurakI hastalikhita prti| 5. bhUdharavilAsa, kalakattA, 5vA pada, pR04|

Page #521
tulanAtmaka vivecana "adbhuta rAma nAma ke aMka / bhakti jJAna ke paMtha sUra ye, prema nirantara mAkhi // " rAyakA bhI kathana hai ki bhagavAnkA nAma mithyA-jAlako kATakara jJAnakA prakAza karatA hai, "jAko nAma jJAna parakAsai, nAzai mithyA jAla / 2" bhagavatIdAsa 'bhaiyA' ne bho paMca parameSThIke nAmakI mahimA batAte hue likhA hai, " tihuM loka tArana ko, AtmA sudhArana ko / jJAna vistArana ko, yahai namaskAra hai / 3,5 495 jaina aura vaiSNava kaviyoMme antara bhI hai| jainoMke madhya bhagavAnkA nAma kIrtanake rUpame kabhI pratiSThita nahIM rahA / vaiSNavoMmeM 'kIrtana' bhaktikA pramukha aMga mAnA jAtA hai / isake atirikta sUra aura tulasIne rAmake nAmako sAghana aura sAdhya donoM hI rUpoMmeM svIkAra kiyA hai / tulasIko rAmase bhI pUrva rAmakA nAma priya hai, ataH vaha sAdhya to hai hI / jaina bhakta kaviyoMne bhagavAnke nAmako kevala sAdhana mAnA hai / bhagavAnkA lokaraMjanakArI rUpa bhagavAnkA rUpa lokaraMjanakArI tabhI ho sakatA hai, jaba usameM saundaryake sAtha-sAtha zakti aura zIlakA bhI samanvaya ho / bhagavAnke isI samanvita rUpase jana-mana AkarSita hotA hai / tulasIne 'rAmacaritamAnasa' meM aise hI rAmako aMkita kiyA hai | jinendra meM rAmake samAna ho saundarya aura zIlakI sthApanA huI hai, kintu zakti sampannatA me antara hai / rAmakA zakti sondarya asura tathA rAkSasoMke saMhArameM parilakSita huA hai, jaba ki jinendrakA aSTakarmoMke vidalaname / duSToMko jItA donoMne hai, ekane bAhubalase aura dUsarene adhyAtmazaktise / ekane asatke pratIka mAnavako samApta kiyA hai, aura dUsarene use satmeM badalA hai / tulasIke rAma rAvaNako 1. sUrasAgara, prathama skandha, 60vA~ pada, pR0 26 / 2. yAnatapadasaMgraha, 66vA~ pada, pR0 28 / 3 bhagavatIdAsa bhaiyA, subuddhi caubIsI, pUvaoN padya, brahmavilAsa, pR0 158 / 4. 'priya rAma nAma teM jAhi na rAmo ' vinayapatrikA, uttarArddha, 228va pada, pR0 447 /

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Page #523
pariziSTa 1 hindIke AdikAlameM jaina bhaktiparaka kRtiyA~ paM0 rAmacandra zuklane jisa yugako 'vIra gAthAkAla' kahA, usIko mahA paNDita rAhala sAMkRtyAyanane 'siddhakAla' aura DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedIne 'AdikAla' nAmase abhihita kiyA hai| mujhe 'AdikAla' priya hai, kyoMki usameM 'vIra', 'dharma', 'bhakti' aura 'siddha' Adi sabhI kucha khapa sakatA hai| vaha eka niSpakSa zabda hai| yaha to abhI khojakA hI viSaya banA huA hai ki isa kAlameM vIra gAthAe~ adhika likhI gayI athavA dhArmika kRtiyA~ / sAmpratika khojoMse jo kucha siddha huA hai, usake AdhArapara dhArmika kRtiyoMkI saMkhyA adhika hai| uname jaina bhakti-sambandhI racanAeM bhI hai| bhakti aura dharmakA bhAvagata sambandha hai, ataH ve kRtiyA~ dhArmika hai aura sAhityika bhI / mUla pravRttiyokA bhAvonmeSa hI sAhitya hai, phira bhale hI usakA mukhya svara dharma yA anya kisI viSayase sambandhita ho / __ paM0 rAmacandra zuklake matase vi0 saM0 1050 (san 983 ) se saMvat 1375 ( san 1318 ) ke kAlako hindIkA AdikAla kahanA cAhie / kintu isake pUrva hI dezabhASAkA janma ho cukA thaa| deza-bhASAkA artha hai purAnI hindI / dharmazAstrI nAradane likhA hai ki "saMskRtaiH prAkRtairvAkyaryaH ziSyamanurUpataH / dezabhASAdhupAyaizca bodhayet sa guruH smRtaH // " DaoN0 kAzIprasAda jAyasavAlakA kathana hai ki dezabhASA AcArya devasena ( vi0 saM0 990 ) ke pahale hI pracalita ho cukI thii| AcArya devasenane apane 'zrAvakAcAra' meM jina dohoMkA upayoga kiyA hai, unakI racanA dezabhASAme haI hai| isa zrAvakAcArakI eka hastalikhita prati kAraMjAke senagaNa mandirake pustaka bhaNDArameM prastuta hai| isameM prayukta zabdarUpa, vibhakti aura dhAturUpa prAyaH sabhI hindIke haiN| kahIM-kahIM chanda siddhike lie prAkRta rUpa raha gaye hai| hindI kAvyoMmeM unakA prayoga Age calakara bhI hotA rahA / zrAvakAcArameM jinendra aura paMcaguru-bhaktike aneka uddharaNa hai / eka sthAnapara likhA hai, 1. vIra mitrodayase udhRta / 2. DaoN. kAzIprasAda jAyasavAlakA lekha 'purAnI hindIkA janmakAla', nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA, bhAga 8, pR0 220 /

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hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi ra " jo jiNa sAsaNa mAsiyau so bhai kahiyau sAra / jo pAlesai bhAu kari so tari pAvai pAru // " kucha vidvAnone apabhraMza aura dezabhASAko eka mAna liyA, pariNAmataH unhone apabhraMza kRtiyoMko bhI hindIme hI parigaNita kiyA hai / mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyanako hindI kAvyadhArA isakA nidarzana hai / yaha saca hai ki 'kathAsaritsAgarake' AdhArapara 'apabhraMza' aura 'dezI' samAnArthaka zabda the, kintu yaha vaisA hI thA jaisA ki pataJjalike mahAbhASya meM prAkRta aura apabhraMzako samAnArthaka mAnA gayA hai / bhASAvijJAnake adhyetA jAnate hai ki bhASAokA svabhAva vikasanazIla hai / mukhasaukarya ke lie bhASAe~ nirantara samAsapradhAnatA se vyAsaparakatAkI ora jAtI rahI hai / prAkRtase apabhraMza aura apabhraMzase dezIbhASA adhikAdhika vyAsapradhAna hotI gayI hai| yaha hI donoMmeM antara hai / ataH donoMko eka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / svayambhU ( 9 vI zatAbdI vi0 saM0 ) kA 'paumacariu' nitAnta apabhraMzakA grantha hai / usameM kahI dezI bhASAkA eka bhI zabda prayukta nahIM huA hai / kavi puSpadanta ( vi0 saM0 1029 ) ne 'NAyakumAracariu me apanI sarasvatIko niHzeSa deza bhASAoMkA bolanevAlA bhale hI kahA ho, kintu vaha kevala vividha apabhraMza bhASAoke bolaneme hI nipuNa hai / puSpadanta apabhraMzako hI dezabhASA kahate the / 500 puSpadantake cAlIsa varSa uparAnta hue zrIcandakA 'kathAkoSa' dezabhASA meM likhA gayA hai / isa granthame 53 sandhiyoM haiM / pratyeka sandhime eka kathA kahI gayI hai / kathAe~ bhakti se sambandhita hai / granthakI prazastise spaSTa hai ki zrIcandake guru vIracanda the, jo kundakundAcAryakI paramparAme hue hai / eka udAharaNa isa prakAra hai, "lahevi siddhiM ca samAhikAraNaM samattha saMsAra Duhoha vAraNaM / pahu jae jaM sarasaM niraMtaraM // suhaM sAta phalajaM aNuttaraM teNANa mAu vaddhiu payAu / sammatta NANa tava caraNa thANa // " 1. kathAsaritsAgara, 116, pR0 148 / * 2. pAtaJjala mahAbhASya, 11, pR0 1 / 3. zAyakumAracariu, DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina sampAdita, kAraMjA, 1933 I0, pahalI sandhi, pR0 3 |

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hindIke AdikAlameM jaina maktiparaka kRtiyA~ 501 dhanapAla dhakkar3a ( 10vIM zatI Isavo) ko 'bhavisayattakahA" me yatra-tatra aneka sthAnoMpara dezabhASAkA prayoga huA hai| DaoN. viNTaranitma aura pro. jaikobI prabhRti vidvAnone isa kAvyakathAke racanA kauzalako prazaMsA kI hai| kathAkA mUlasvara vratarUpa hote hue bhI jinendrako bhaktise sambandhita hai| yadyapi AcArya hemacandra ( san-1088-1179 ) ne dezI nAmamAlA (koza ) kA hI nirmANa kiyA thA, kintu jahAMtaka bhaktikA sambandha hai, unakA koI stotra yA kAvya dezabhASAme likhA huA upalabdha nahIM hai| vinayacandasUri ( 13vIM zatI IsavI) ne 'neminAtha caupaI' kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| yaha dezabhApAme likhI gayI hai| isame rAjImatIke viyogakA varNana hai| neminAtha tIrthaMkara the, ataH unase kiyA gayA prema 'bhagadviSayaka' hI khlaayegaa| jaba neminAthane pazuoMke karuNAkrandanase prabhAvita hokara toraNA-dvArapara hI vairAgya le liyA, to rAjImatI vilApa kara utthii| isa kAvyameM usake viyogakA citra khIcA gayA hai| katipaya paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM, "maNai sakhI rAjala mana roDa, nIThuru nemi na appaNu hoi / sA~cau sakhi vari giri mijjaMti, kimai na mijjai sAmalakati // " zAlibhadrasUri (san 1984 ) kA 'bAhubalirAsa' eka uttama koTikA kAvya hai| usakA sambandha mahArAja bAhubalikI vIratA aura mahattAse hai| bAhubali prathama cakravartI the| donoM bhAiyoM meM sAmrAjyako lekara yaddha hamaA thaa| bharatako parAjita karaneke uparAnta bAhubaline vairAgya le liyaa| unhIMkI bhaktimeM isa kAvyako racanA huI hai| bhASA duruha apabhraMza hai, kahIM dezabhASAke darzana nahIM hote| 1. isakA prakAzana san 1918 meM pro0 jaikobIke sampAdanameM myUnikase huA thaa| bAdameM DaoN0 pI0DI0 guNene isakA sampAdana kiyA aura sen 1923 meM G.0. s.xx. meM ise prakAzita kiyaa| donoMkI bhUmikAe~ vidvattApUrNa haiN| 2. dezI nAmamAlA jarmana vidvAn pizela-dvArA sampAdita hokara B.S.S.XVII meM do bAra prakAzita ho cukI hai| 3. prAcIna gurjarakAvya saMgrahameM isakA prakAzana san 1920 meM huA hai| 4. zrI muni jinavijayane 'bAhubalirAse' para bhAratIya vidyA, varSa 2, aMka meM prakAza DAlA hai| 64

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502 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi vikramakI terahavIM zatAbdIke antame zrI jinadattasUri (vi0 saM0 1274 ) ke rUpame eka sAmarthyavAn vyaktitvakA janma huaa| ve vidvAn the aura kavi bhii| unhoMne 'carcarI' 'kAlasvarUpakulakam' aura 'upadezarasAyanarAsa'kA nirmANa kiyaa| 'upadeza rasAyanarAsa' me sataguruke svarUpakA vizada varNana huA hai| ye tIno hI kAvya apabhraMza bhASAme likhe gaye haiM / guruke sambandhame eka padya isa prakAra hai, "suguru suvuccai saccau mAsai para paravAyi-niyaru jasu nAsai / sanvi jIva jiva appara rakkhai mukkha-maggu pucchiyau ju akkhai // " jinapadmasUri (vi0 saM0 1257 ) ne 'thUlibhaddaphAga' kI racanA ko thii| AcArya sthUlabhadra bhadrabAhu svAmIke samakAlIna the| unakA nirvANa vA0ni0 saM0 219 me huaa| unakA samAdhisthala gulajAra bAga, paTanA sTezanake sAmane kamala-hRdme banA huA hai| isa phAgakI gaNanA uttamakoTike kAvyame kI jAtI hai / isameM AcArya sthUlabhadrakI bhaktise sambandhita aneka sarasa padyokI racanA huI hai / pAvasa varNanakI katipaya paMktiyAM dekhie, "mIyala komala surahi vAya jisa jima vAyate / mANa - maDaphphara mANaNiya tima tima nAcate // jima jima jaladhara bhariya meha gayaNaMgaNi mliyaa| tima tima kAmItaraNA nayaNa nIrahi jhala haliyA // " nemicandra bhaNDArI, kharataragacchIya jinezvarasUrike pitA the| unhoMne vi0 saM0 1256 ke lagabhaga 'jinaballabhasUri guNavarNana' ke nAmase eka stuti likhI thI, jo 'jaina aitihAsika kAvya saMgraha meM prakAzita ho cukI hai| yaha stuti AcArya bhaktikA nidarzana hai| isame 35 padya hai| eka padya isa bhAMti hai, "paNamavi sAmi vIra jiNu, gaNahara goyama sAmi / sudharama sAmiya tulani saraNu, juga pradhAna sivagAmi // " mahendrasUrike ziSya zrI dharmasUri (vi0saM0 1266) ne 'jambUsvAmI caritra', 'sthUlabhadrarAsa' aura 'subhadrAsatI catuSpadikA'kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| tInomeM kramazaH 52, 47 aura 42 padya hai| bhagavAn mahAbIrake nirvANake uparAnta kevala tIna 1. lAlacanda bhagavAnadAsa gAndhIne inakA sampAdana kara, zodhapUrNa saMskRta prastAvanA sahita G.O.S.XXXVII meM prakAzita kiyA hai| 2. tInoMkI hastalikhita pratiyaoN bIkAnerake bRhad zAna bhaNDArameM maujUda haiN|

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hindI ke AdikAlameM jaina bhaktiparaka kRtiyA~ 503 kevalI hue, jiname jambUsvAmI antima the / subhadrAsato jinendrako bhakta thI / tInoM hI racanAe~ purAnI hindIme likhI gayI hai / yadyapi kucha lekhaka ina kRtiyoMkI bhASAko gujarAtI kahate hai, kintu vaha hindI ke adhika nikaTa hai / tInoMkA eka-eka padya nimna prakArase hai, "jiNa cau vIsaha paya jaMbu sAmihiM taNau cariya namevi guru caraNa namevi / bhaviu nisuNevi // " -- jambU svAmI caritra vAesarI / rahajju kesarI // " sthUlabhadra rAsa "paNamavi sAsaNadevI naI thUlibhadra guNa gahaNa, suNi suNiva "jaM phala hoi gayA giraNAre, jaM phalu dInhai sonA mAre ! jaM phalu lakkhi navakArihi, guNihiM taM phala subhadrAcaritihiM suNihiM // " -subhadrAsatI catuSpadikA zAharayaNa, kharataragacchIya jinapatisUrike ziSya the / unhoMne vi0 saM0 1278 me 'jina patisUri dhavalagIta e kA nirmANa kiyA thA / yaha kRti guru bhaktikA dRSTAnta hai / isameM bIsa padya hai / racanA sarasa hai / pahalA padya dekhie, "vIra jiNesara namai suresara tasapaha paNamiya paya kamale / yugavara jinapati sUri guNa gAi so manti bhara harasi hima niramale // " vijayasenasUri, nAgendragacchIya haribhadrasUrike ziSya aura mantripravara vastupAlake dharmAcArya the / unhoMne vi0 saM0 1288 ke lagabhaga 'revantagiri rAso kI racanA kI thI / isameM 72 padya haiN| isameM girinArake jaina mandiroMkA varNana hai / isakI bhASA prAcIna gujarAtIkI apekSA hindI ke adhika nikaTa hai / prArambhake do padya isa bhA~ti haiM, 1. lAyabrerI miselenI, traimAsika patrikA, bar3audA mahArAjakI seNTrala lAyabrerIkA prakAzana, apraila 1915ke aMkameM, zrI sI0 DI0 dalAlakA, pATaNake suprasiddha jaina pustakAlayoM kI khoja meM prApta saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza aura prAcIna gujaratIke granthakA vivaraNa | 2. 'aitihAsika jainakAvya saMgraha' meM prakAzita ho cukA hai / 3. 'prAcIna gurjarakAvya saMgraha' meM prakAzita huA hai /

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504 hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya aura kavi "paramesara titthesaraha paya paMkaja paNamevi, maNisu rAsu revaMta gire, aMbika devI sumarevI / gAmAgara-pura-vaNa-gahaNa sari-saravari-supaesu, devabhUmi disi pacchimaha maNaharu soraTha desu // " vikrama saMvatko 14vIM zatAbdI meM aneka jaina kavi hue| unakI bhASA hindI tho| unakI kavitAoMkA mUlasvara bhaktipUrNa thaa| kharataragacchIya jinapatisUrike ziSya jinezvarasUrine vi0 saM0 1331 ke lagabhaga aneka bhaktipUrNa stutiyoMkI racanA kI, jinameM se ekakA nAma hai 'bAbaro' / ' usame tIsa padya hai / AdikA eka padya dekhie, "bhagati karavi bahu risaha jiNa, vIraha calaNa nmvi| hauMcAliu maNi bhAva dhari, duiNi jiNamaNi samarevi // " inhI jinezvara sUrike ziSya abhayatilakane vi0 saM0 1307 vaisAkha zuklA 10 ko 'mahAvIrarAsa' likhA thaa| usame 21 padya hai| ise bhagavAn mahAvIrakI stuti hI kahanA caahie| lakSmItilakakA 'zAntinAthadevarAsa' aura somamUrtikA 'jinezvarasUri saMyamazrI vivAhavarNanarAsa', bhaktise sambandhita prasiddha kAvya haiN| ambadevasUri, nAgendragacchake AcArya pAsaDasUrike ziSya the| unhoMne vi0 saM0 1371 ke lagabhaga saMghapati 'samarA rAsa' kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| osavAla zAha samarA saMghapatine vi0 saM0 1371 me zatrujaya tIrthakSetrakA uddhAra karavAyA thaa| isa racanAme usokA varNana hai| isakI bhASAmeM rAjasthAnIke zabda adhika hai| isase amvadevakA janma rAjasthAnameM kahI huA thA, aisA anumAna hotA hai| isa rAsakI bhASAkA sAdRzya gujarAtIko apekSA hindIse adhika hai| jaba samarA zAhane paTTanase saMgha nikAlakara zatrujayakI ora prayANa kiyA, usa samayakA eka padya dekhie, 1. zrI agaracanda nAhaTAke nijI saMgrahameM maujUda hai| 2. mahAvIrarAsa aura zAntinAtha devarAsa, zrI agaracanda nAhaTAke nijI saMgrahameM maujUda haiN| 3. jaina aitihAsika kAvya saMgrahameM chapa cukA hai| 4. prAcIna jaina gurjarakAvya saMgrahameM saMkalita hai|

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hindIke AdikAlameM jaina bhaktiparaka kRtiyA~ 505 "vAjiya saMkha asaMkha nAdi kAhala dudu duDiyA, ghor3e car3ai sallArasAra rAuta sIMgar3iyA / tau devAlau jotri vegi dhAdhari khu jhamakai, sama visama navi gaNai koI navi vAriu thakkai // " jinaprabhasUri ( 14vIM zatAbdI vi0 saM0) kharataragacchIya jinasiMhasUrike ziSya the| unhoMne 'padmAvatIdevo caupaI kI racanA kI thii| yaha kRti ahamadAbAdase prakAzita 'bhairava padmAvatI kalpa' meM chapa cukI hai| yaha devI padmAvatIkI bhaktise sambandhita hai| eka padya isa prakAra hai, "zrIjina zAsaNu avadhAkari, jhAyahu siri paumAvai devi| maviya loya ANaMda pari, dulhau sAvayajamma lahevi // " caudahavIM zatAbdIke prasiddha kavi ralhane 'jiNadatta caupaI ko racanA vi0 saM0 1354 meM kI thii| isakI eka hastalikhita prati jayapurake pATaudIke mandirameM maujUda hai| isame pAMca-sau pacapana padya hai| isameM jinadattase sambandhita bhaktiparaka bhAva prakaTa kiye gaye hai| kAvyatvako dRSTise bhI kRti mahattvapUrNa hai| isI zatAbdIke kavi dhelhane 'cauvIsI gIta'kI racanA vi0 saM0 1371 me kii| yaha eka sarasa racanA hai| isameM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroMkI stuti kI gayI hai| isI zatAbdImeM Anandatilakane 'mahANadideu' nAmakI racanAkA nirmANa kiyA / isakI eka hastalikhita prati Amera-zAstra bhaNDAra jayapurameM maujUda hai| aba to usakA prakAzana nAgarI pracAriNo patrikAme ho cukA hai| isameM lagabhaga 44 padya hai / yaha kAvya AdhyAtmika bhaktikA nidarzana hai| guru mahimAke do padya dekhie, "guru jiNavaru guru siddha siu, guru rayaNattaya sAru / so darisAvai appa paru ANaMdA mavajala pAvai pAru // 36 // sikkha suNai sadaguru bhaNai paramANaMda sahAu / parama joti tasu ulhasaI ANaMdA kIjai Nimmalu bhAu // 29 // "

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pariziSTa 2 dUsare adhyAyake kavi : anukramaNikA 295 352 158 349 58 mr on 178 146 115 197 M 59 110 322 6 acalakIrti ajayarAja pATaNI Anandaghana IzvarasUri udayarAja jatI kanakakItti kizana siMha kumudacandra kuzalalAbha kuMarapAla khuzAlacandra kAlA khetala guNasAgara catarumala caritrasena muni chohala jagajIvana jagatarAma jayakIrti bhaTTAraka jayalAla muni jayasAgara upAdhyAya jinadAsa pANDe jinaraMga sUri jinaharSa jodharAja godhIkA ThakurasI kavi dyAnatarAya 239 devakalA 357 devAbrahma 204 daulatarAma paNDita nandalAla 150 nihAlacanda 176 padmatilaka 327 parimalla kavi 130 banArasIdAsa brahmagulAla brahmajinadAsa 333 brahmarAyamalla 300 bihArIdAsa bulAkIdAsa bUcarAja bhagavatIdAsa paNDita bhagavatIdAsa "bhaiyyA' 211 bhavAnIdAsa 251 bhAU bhUdharadAsa manarAma 125 manoharadAsa paNDita mahAnanda gaNi megharAja 233 247 merunandana upAdhyAya 83 yazovijayajI upAdhyAya 273 ranakoti bhaTTAraka 101 290 97 164 268 356 303 335 lslm 219 140 264 142 42 15 107

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dUsare adhyAyake kavi : anukramaNikA 34 144 68 121 298 174 87 rAjazekhara sUri rAmacandra rAyacandra rUpacandra pANDe lakSmIvallabha lAlacanda labdhodaya lAvaNyasamaya vAdicandra vidyAsAgara viddhaNU vinayacandra muni vinayaprabha upAdhyAya vinayavijaya vinayasamudra vinodIlAla vizvabhUSaNa ziromaNi dAsa zubhacandra bhaTTAraka sakalakIti 32 sadhAru 242 sahajakItti 230 saMvegasundara upAdhyAya 168 sAdhukItti 307 sundaradAsa 224 surendrakIti munIndra 65 somasundara sUri harSakItti haricanda kavi harikalaza hIrAnanda paNDita 27 hIrAnanda mukIma 293 hIrAnanda sUri 88 hemarAja pANDe 311 hemavijaya kSAMtiraMga gaNi tribhuvanacandra 56 jJAnabhUSaNa bhaTTAraka 122 228 154 214 156 258 95 7s 128 73