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________________ mUkamATI - mImAMsA dvitIya khaNDa sampAdana DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI
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________________ mUkamATI - mImAMsA 'mUkamATI' para kendrita vividha AyAmI samIkSAoM ke prastuta saMkalana 'mUkamATI-mImAMsA' meM samIkSakoM ne prayAsa kiyA hai ki Alocya grantha kA kathya ubharakara pAThakoM ke samakSa spaSTa rUpa se A jaay| etadartha dharma, darzana, adhyAtma, kAvya Adi vibhinna koNoM se use dekhA-parakhA gayA hai| svayaM racanAkAra mAnatA hai ki jaina prasthAna ke kucha mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana hetu isa kRti kA sRjana huA hai| yaha vaha sRjana hai jisakA sAttvika sAnnidhya pAkara sAmAnya bhI viziSTa ho gayA hai, rAga bhI vairAgyaparyavasAyI ho gayA hai| isakA prayojana sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanItika, dhArmika, dArzanika kSetroM meM praviSTa avAMchita sthitiyoM ko nirmUla karanA aura yuga ko zubha saMskAroM se saMskArita kara bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dekara vItarAga zramaNa saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai| samIkSakoM ne AcAryazrI kI ina mAnyatAoM kA apane vaicArika Aloka meM pallavana, sampoSaNa evaM saMvardhana kiyA hai| ye samIkSAe~ pATha yA pAThakavAdI dRSTi se nahIM, apitu kRtikAra kI kRti ko kendra meM rakhakara isa prakAra prastuta huI haiM ki jijJAsu evaM rasika pAThaka racanAkAra ke kahe-anakahe kI gaharAiyoM se saMvAda lAbha kara ske| samIkSakoM ne isa kAlajayI kRti meM nihita jahA~ jIvana kI cirantana, UrdhvamukhI, sAttvika vRttiyoM evaM gahana dArzanika pakSoM kA anAvaraNa kiyA hai vahIM samakAlIna samasyAoM ke saMketoM ko bhI vistRta pIThikA para vivecita aura samIkSita kiyA hai| yuga kI arthalipsA, yazolipsA, ahaMkArika aura AtaMkavAdI samakAlIna udagravRttiyoM para svayaM racanAkAra evaM samIkSakoM kI samIkSaNa vRtti rekhAMkanIya hai| ukta cirantana evaM adyatana samasyAoM aura unakI samAhitiyoM kI vibhinna sthitiyoM ke atirikta sAhitya zAstra ke gambhIra adhyetAoM ne pakSa-pratipakSa pUrvaka isake prabandhatva yA mahAkAvyatva para talAvagAhI AloDana-viloDana kara batAyA hai ki prastuta kRti eka zAstrakAvya hai| mahAkAvya kA sandarbha Ate hI nAyaka-nAyikA, usakI prakRti, bhAva-rasa kI vividha starIya sthitiyA~, kathAnaka kI saMzliSTatA, AdhikArikaprAsaMgika kathAoM kA saMyojana jaise vastugata pakSoM ke sAtha usake kalAtmaka pakSa kA bhI vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| kRti meM racanAkAra kA vAkpATava, AlaMkArika bhaMgimA, bhASA para usake apratima adhikAra ko bhI suspaSTa kiyA hai| vizvAsa hai, yaha saMkalana racanAkAra se pAThaka kA saMvAda karAtA huA apane dAyitva kA samagratA meM pratyAzita nirvAha kara skegaa| ISBN 978-81-263-1409-6(Set) 978-81-263-1411-9 (Vol. II)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA ('mUkamATI' mahAkAvya para samAlocanAtmaka AlekhoM kA saMgraha) dvitIya khaMDa
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA ('mUkamATI' mahAkAvya para samAlocanAtmaka AlekhoM kA saMgraha) dvitIya khaNDa sampAdaka DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI COESCOP SAHI DROOOD OR THI. B bhAratIya jJAnapITha bhAratIya jJAnapITha
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________________ ISBN 978-81-263-1409-6(Set) 978-81-263-1411-9 (Vol. II) mUkamATI-mImAMsA (tIna khaNDoM meM) ('mUkamATI' mahAkAvya para samAlocanAtmaka AlekhoM kA saMgraha) Mookmati Meemansa (in 3 Vols.) dvitIya khaNDa sampAdaka DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI sampAdana sahAyaka DaoN. Ara.DI. mizra, DaoN. zakuntalA caurasiyA, DaoN. saralA mizrA prabandha sampAdaka maMDala sureza sarala (jabalapura), santoSa siMghaI (damoha) nareza divAkara (sivanI), subhASa 'khamariyA' (sAgara) mUrtidevI granthamAlA : hindI granthAMka 40 prakAzaka bhAratIya jJAnapITha 18, insTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI roDa, nayI dillI-110003 lez2ara TAipaseTiMga : dilIpa jaina 'guDDA', besTa kampyUTarsa, sAgara (ma. pra.) citrAMkana : prakAza mANikasA rAULa, aMjanagA~va surjI (mahArASTra) AvaraNa-citra : saMjIva zAzvatI, AvaraNa-sajjA : candrakAnta zarmA mudraka : vikAsa kampyUTara aiMDa priMTarsa, dillI-110 032 (c) bhAratIya jJAnapITha prathama saMskaraNa : 2007 dvitIya khaNDa, mUlya : 450 rupaye tInoM khaNDa, mUlya : 1100 rupaye Published by Bharatiya Jnanpith 18, Institutional Area, Lodi Road New Delhi-110 003 First Edition : 2007 Volume II, Price : Rs. 450 Full set, Price : Rs. 1100
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________________ udbhAvanA apane sthApanAkAla se hI jJAnapITha bhAratIya cintanadhArA ke vividha AyAmI pakSoM ko kendrita kara likhe jA rahe samagra samakAlIna sAhitya kI kAlajayI racanAoM ko prabuddha pAThakoM taka le jAne kI agraNI bhUmikA nibhAtA A rahA hai| yaha saba isalie ki isase hindI bhASAbhASI pAThaka to lAbhAnvita hoMge hI, isake mAdhyama se vibhinna bhAratIya bhASAoM ke racanAkAroM evaM sajaga pAThakoM ke bIca tAdAtmya bhI sthApita ho sake, paraspara vaicArika pratikriyA aura AdAna-pradAna ho ske| isa sandarbha meM ullekhanIya hai ki zramaNa saMskRti ke unnAyaka AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara jI ne dharma, darzana aura adhyAtma ke sAra ko AdhAra banAkara sAmAjika pariprekSya meM sama-sAmayika samasyAoM ke nivAraNa kI maMgala bhAvanA se hindI meM 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA sRjana kiyA thaa| bhAratIya jJAnapITha ne bar3I tatparatA se isa gauravagrantha kA prathama saMskaraNa 1988 meM prakAzita kara ise bRhat pAThaka samudAya taka pahu~cAne kA kArya kiyA thaa| yaha kRti itanI lokapriya huI ki san 2006 taka isakI ATha AvRttiyA~ ho cukI haiN| isI grantha kA marAThI anuvAda 'mUkamAtI' bhI jJAnapITha se prakAzita ho cukA hai| isake aMgrejI, bAMglA aura kannar3a anuvAda bhI mudraNa kI prakriyA meM haiN| AtaMkavAda, ArakSaNa vaM dalita samasyAoM ke samAdhAna tathA dahejaprathA, arthalipsA jaisI sAmAjika kurItiyoM kA nirmUlana evaM vyaktitva ke vikAsa kI prakriyA kA nirdhAraNa isa racanA kA mUlabhUta prayojana mAnA jA sakatA hai| vizeSatA yaha hai ki isake lekhana meM taponidhi kA santa-svabhAva kriyAzIla rahA hai| yaha jAnakara hama sabhI ko sukhada Azcarya hogA ki isake vyApaka pracAra-prasAra evaM viSayagata bhAvoM ke sahaja sampreSaNa hone ke phalasvarUpa deza ke vibhinna vizvavidyAlayoM ke antargata AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara jI ke vipula vAGmaya sambandhI 41 zodhakAryoM meM se 'mUkamATI' para aba taka 4 DI.liTa., 22 pI-eca.DI., 7 ema. phila. ke zodha-prabandha tathA 2 ema.eDa. aura 6 ema.e. ke laghu zodha-prabandha likhe jA cuke/rahe haiN| isa kAlajayI kRti para aba taka jina vikhyAta samIkSakoM ne kRtikAra kI mAnyatAoM evaM kAvya ke vaiziSTya kA apane vaicArika Aloka meM jisa taraha AloDana-viloDana kiyA hai aura ise Adhunika bhAratIya sAhitya kI, vizeSarUpa se hindI kAvya-sAhitya kI, apUrva upalabdhi mAnA hai, usa prabhUta sampadA ko bhI pAThaka taka preSita karane kA hamArA kartavya bana jAtA hai| hindI ke labdhapratiSTha sAhityakAra tathA sAhitya akAdemI, nayI dillI ke pUrva saciva DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave ke pradhAna sampAdakatva meM sampUrNa bhArata ke lagabhaga 300 samAlocakoM ne 'mUkamATI' ke vibhinna pakSoM para apanI kalama calAyI thii| unake Akasmika dehAvasAna ke kAraNa, bAda meM prastuta grantha 'mUkamATImImAMsA' ke pRthak-pRthak tIna khaMDoM vAle isa samIkSA grantha kA kuzala sampAdana vikrama vizvavidyAlaya, ujjaina
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________________ M kAA vi :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ke pUrva hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa evaM mUrdhanya vidvAna AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI ne kiyA hai| bhAratIya jJAnapITha unake prati apanI kRtajJatA vyakta karatA hai| isa bRhad grantha ke prabandha sampAdaka maMDala kA dhanyavAda ki pAMDulipi taiyAra karAne se lekara usake prakAzana ke lie apanI pratyakSa evaM parokSa rUpa se sevAeM pradAna kii| anta meM paramapUjya AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja ke zrIcaraNoM meM hamArA namana, ki unake AzIrvAda se hI yaha kArya sahajarUpa se sampanna huaa| hamane apanI ora se prayAsabhara grantha kI sAja-sa~bhAla aura usake sundara prakAzana meM tatparatA baratI hai| phira bhI isa dizA meM koI truTi yA kamI raha jAtI hai to suvijJa pAThaka usa ora hamArA dhyAna AkarSita kareMge, tAki agalI AvRtti meM usakA yathAsambhava zodhana kiyA jA ske| zubhaM bhuuyaat| -sAhU akhileza jaina nayI dillI prabandha nyAsI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha 11 janavarI 2007
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________________ 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke racayitA digambara jainAcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja
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________________ AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja se vArtAlApa karate hue 'mUkamATI-mImAMsA' ke sampAdaka DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : zabda se zabdAtIta taka jAne kI yAtrA AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI se bhUtapUrva sampAdaka DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave kI 'mUkamATI' para kendrita bAtacIta sthAna-'tyAgI bhavana', zrI digambara jaina moThe mandira ke nikaTa, itavArI bAjAra, nAgapura, mahArASTra caitra zukla navamI - rAmanavamI divasa, vIra nirvANa saMvat 2517, vikrama saMvat 2048, ravivAra, 24 mArca 1991 IsvI [saMketa - pra. mA. - prabhAkara mAcave, A. vi. - AcArya vidyAsAgara ] pra.mA.- 'mUkamATI' zIrSaka grantha yA mahAkAvya likhane kI preraNA Apako kahA~ se aura kaise huI ? kyoM huI ? maiMne yaha isalie pUchA ki jaina purAkhyAnoM meM, kathAnakoM meM vasundharA yA pRthivI ke prati, miTTI ke prati aisI kyA bAta thI jisane Apako isa taraha se itanA bar3A mahAkAvya likhane kI preraNA dI ? A. vi.- hA~, hamane socA ki kAvya aura usameM bhI adhyAtmaparaka kAvya kA mUla viSaya sattA - mahAsattA ho, use banAnA ucita hogA / adhyAtma kI nIMva isI mahAsattA para rakhI jA sakatI hai, jo vyApaka hotI hai / ise anta:preraNA hI kahA jA sakatA hai| 'paMcAstikAya' grantha (gAthA 8) meM kahA gayA hai : "sattA savvapayatthA savissarUvA aNaMtapajjAyA / bhaMguppAdadhuvattA sappaDivakkhA havadi ekkA // " yAnI sabhI padArthoM meM sattA vidyamAna rahatI hai| vaha vizva yAnI aneka rUpa hai, ananta paryAyAtmaka hai, utpAda vyaya- dhrauvyazAlI hai aura vaha eka hai tathA pratipakSadharmayukta hai| pra. mA.- yaha mahAsattA kyA aNu se Arambha hotI hai ? A. vi.- hA~, vaha aNu meM bhI hai aura mahat meM bhI hai / vaha saba meM vyApta hai / vaha guNa meM bhI hai aura paryAya meM bhI hai / vaha guNavat bhI hai aura paryAyavat bhI hai / vaha apane Apa meM dravyavat bhI ho sakatI hai yAnI sarvAMgINa bhI ho sakatI hai| samaSTi yA vyaSTi se koI matalaba nahIM - vaha sarvavyApI hai| jahA~ kahIM bhI hai, usa sabako sat se jor3ate calanA caahie| pra. mA.- jaba Apa 'sattA' ko 'dravya' kahate haiM to vaha kyA aura kaisA hotA hai ? A. vi.-'dravya' yahA~ usako kahate haiM jo 'guNa' va 'paryAya' kA AdhAra hotA hai| [('guNaparyayavad dravyam', tattvArtha sUtra, 5/38) / yaha dravya bhI sat hai ('utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat' (tattvArthasUtra, 5/30) yAnI yahA~ pratyeka vastu meM sattA vidyamAna hai aura vastu utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya yukta hai / vastu utpAda-vyayazAlI bhI hai aura sthira bhii| vaha nitya bhI hai aura anitya bhii| deza-kAlajanya pariNamanazIla dharma 'paryAya' hai aura vastusattA meM eka rasa vidyamAna rahane vAlA dharma 'guNa' hai|] to 'dravya' jo hai, vaha jIva ke rUpa meM raha sakatA hai evaM ajIva ke rUpa meM bhI ho sakatA hai| lekina 'sat' jo hai vaha jIva aura ajIva-ubhayatra vidyamAna hai / aise hI eka tattva ko pratIka banAkara hamane socA ki isa mAdhyama se sArabhUta jo hai, vaha saba kahA jA sakatA hai| pra. mA.- aNu se manu taka kI jo yAtrA hai, mRNmaya se cinmaya taka kI jo yAtrA hai-jisako hama meTAmaoNrkosisa/ TraoNnsphaoNrmezana (Metamorphosis / Transformation) yAnI rUpAntaraNa kahate haiM, vaha yAtrA kisa prakAra sampanna hotI hai ? kyoM hotI hai ? ye Apake mata se kyA hai ? yaha kaise ho gayA ? yaha jo ghaTa hai-miTTI kA
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________________ viii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ghar3A, isameM AkAza kaise A gayA ? A. vi. - isameM AkAza rUpa pariNamana karane kI-matalaba AkAza ko avagAhita karane kI aura AkAza meM avagAhita hone kI, donoM taraha kI kSamatA vidyamAna hai| isI ko 'sattA' kahA jAtA hai / arthAt vaha eka bhI hai evaM aneka bhI hai; sat bhI hai aura asat bhii| vaha sabake sAtha jur3I huI hai- 'sA pratipakSA'pi vidyate, sA vizvarUpA'pi vidyate / sA ekA'pi anekA'pi vrtte|' pra. mA.- aura isake ye nAma rUpAtmaka haiM ? AkAra - Ayatana kaisA hai ? A. vi.- apane bhItara jo anaginata sambhAvanAe~ haiM, ve sabhI sat meM vidyamAna haiM aura unake AkAra ko paryAya' kahate haiM / ve saba pratIka banAkara vyakta kI gaIM haiM 'mUkamATI' meN| dUsarI bAta yaha bhI hai ki ye saba vyApaka hokara bhI, patita se pAvana hone kI jo yAtrA hai - nIce se uThakara utthAna kI ora agrasara hone kI jo hamArI AdhyAtmika yAtrA hai, isameM saba kI saba samAhita ho jAtI haiN| kAraNa, aise kisI nagaNya yA tuccha vyaktitva ko hama le leM aura tuma pAvana nahIM bana sakate, aisA sunakara bhI jo pAvanatA kI sIr3hI para car3hane kA prayAsa karatA hai to spaSTa ho jAyagA ki saba meM pAvanatA kI sIr3hiyoM para car3hane kI sambhAvanAeM haiN| miTTI aise hI eka vyaktitva kA pratinidhitva karatI hai| pra. mA.- to Apa jo miTTI aura kAMcana ke - ye do ghar3e lAe haiN| usameM usake mRNmaya evaM dhAtumaya kAMcana ke banAne se ApakA koI vizeSa uddezya nahIM hai varan yaha ki ghaTatva donoM meM vyApta hai, ata: ghaTa donoM eka haiM, yaha Azaya A. vi.- nahIM, nahIM, una donoM meM ghaTatva kI vyApti dikhAkara unheM eka batAne kA uddezya nahIM hai, varan uddezya hai U~ca-nIca dikhAne kaa| pra. mA.- U~ca aura nIca kyA cIja hai ? yaha U~ca-nIca banAne vAlA kauna hai ? A. vi.- yaha U~ca-nIca kI bhAvanA manuSyoM ke mastiSka kI upaja hai / phira tadartha kucha na kucha sambodhana to denA Avazyaka hai / mere pAsa aura kucha vastu yA padArtha nahIM hai jo isako avahelita karane vAlA vyakti kucha pA sake / isIlie isako hamane kAMcana kA rUpa de diyaa| kaMcana aura mRNmaya hamAre lie samAna haiM, yaha ThIka hai, parantu saba ke lie to ye samAna nahIM haiN| jisake pAsa samAnatA nahIM, viSamatA hai, usako bhI kama se kama mahAnatA kA bodha ho jaay| pra. mA.- isameM Apane 'AtaMkavAda' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| isameM kAMcana kA ghar3A AtaMka karAne vAlA bana jAtA hai| isa AtaMka se Apake mana meM kahIM usa AtaMka kA bhI saMketa vidyamAna hai, jo Aja isa deza meM cala rahA hai ? kyA isa AtaMkavAda kA bhI koI bhAva Apake mana meM hai ? A. vi.- hA~, usakA bhI bhAva, sambandha hai| pra. mA. - to Apa kyA socate-samajhate haiM ? kaise AtaMkavAda kA mukAbalA kara sakate haiM ? usakA samAdhAna kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? kaise ho sakatA hai ? kyA ho sakatA hai ? A. vi.- AtaMkavAda ko miTAne ke lie pahale hameM yaha bhI dekhanA hogA ki AtaMkavAda kA prAdurbhAva kaise huA ? pra. mA.- kAraNa kI taha meM jAnA hogaa| A. vi.- vaha kAraNa yahI hai ki kahIM na kahIM zoSaNa huA hai, kahIM na kahIM anAdara yA avahelanA huI hai| usake astitva ko nakArA gayA hai| tabhI isa prakAra kI ghaTanAeM ghaTatI haiM, yaha bhI to hameM socanA caahie|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: ix pra. mA.- aba dekhie, yahA~ para jo nava bauddha loga haiM, dalita loga haiM, harijana loga haiM, ve mAnate haiM ki hajAroM varSoM se unheM damita yA dalita kiyA gayA hai, unakA anAdara huA hai / isase unake mana meM eka hIna granthi paidA ho gaI hai| so aba ve vaisA hI nahIM rahanA cAhate haiN| ve ArakSaNa karavAte haiM ki hamAre adhikAra jyoM ke tyoM raheM aura hama nava bauddha bhI raheMge, sAtha hI adhikAra bhI leNge| yaha kahA~ taka ucita hai ? A. vi.- vikAsa kA dvAra sabake lie udghATita honA caahie| lekina vikAsa idhara-udhara se nahIM AegA apitu usI meM hogaa| hama usameM nimitta bana sakate haiM, sahayogI ho sakate haiN| hA~, yadi vaha hamAre sahayoga kA durupayoga karatA hai to vaha ThIka nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| vaha baccA jisake pAsa buddhi hai, usake lie hama upakaraNa juTA sakate haiN| isa taraha sahayoga kara sakate haiN| yadi vaha kamajora buddhi kA hai to vizeSa prabandha kara sakate haiN| lekina jo vikAsa hI nahIM karanA cAhatA hai aura usI avasthA meM rahakara vikasita vyakti kI tulanA meM apane Apako (ArakSaNa kI) baisAkhI para biThAnA cAhatA hai, isase to avarodha hI paidA hogA / avarodha to hogA hI, ulaTe jo mUlyavAn padArtha yA vyakti hogA, usakA avamUlyana ho jaaegaa| sAtha hI jo mUlyavAn nahIM hai usako bhI mUlya denA par3egA / dAridraya kA hI svAgata karanA pdd'egaa| pra. mA.- Aja to deza bhara meM yahI saba dekhane meM A rahA hai, dikhAI de rahA hai / prajAtantra ke nAma para athavA sattA, sampatti aura saMsthA ke nAma para hama vo kArya kara rahe haiM jisase ki avamUlyana hI ho rahA hai| A. vi.- Apane (do dina pUrva) jo tIna bAteM kahIM thIM - sattA, sampatti aura saMsthA... pra. mA.- to ina para bhI vicAra honA caahie| 'sattA' se rAjasattA nhiiN| isa sandarbha meM sattA, sampatti aura saMsthA-tInoM ko maiM eka bahuta bar3A kaMcuka mAnatA huuN| inase manuSya kI AtmA kA bahuta bar3A hanana hotA hai| yaha bAta maiMne pahale bhI kahI hai / maiM yaha kahanA cAhatA hU~ ki prajAtantra se kyA Avazyaka rUpa se vaha hogA, jo Apa kahate haiM ? barnArDa zaoN ne kahA hai : "DemokresI ija mIDiyAkresI" - acche jo loga haiM, guNavAn jo loga haiM - Apa jaise jo loga haiM, una sabako nIce utarakara unake sAtha honA hogA, honA cAhie yA saba eka-se ho jAe~ge / sArA pAnI mailA hogA yA ki jo mailA pAnI - nIce ke jo loga haiM, ve sacamuca ke bar3e ho jAe~ge ? isa prajAtAntrika prakriyA meM Apa kyA socate haiM ? A. vi.- buddhi kI apekSA se, Arthika dRSTi se aura sAtha hI zArIrika Adi dRSTi se bhI unakI jo yogyatAe~ haiM, vahA~ taka unakA mUlyAMkana honA cAhie / isakA artha yaha nahIM ki unakA jo mUlya ho use bhI naz2araaMdAz2a kiyA jAya / kisI kA sarvathA avamUlyana ThIka nhiiN| pra. mA.- para ho to yahI rahA hai| A. vi.- avamUlyana se to vaha saba eka prakAra se samApta hI ho jAyagA / pra. mA. - Aja to voTa kI rAjanIti hai / prajAtantra meM saMkhyA kA hI mahattva hai, ginatI kI hI mahattA hai| ginatI yA saMkhyA meM to nirakSara loga hI jyAdA haiN| maiM to samajhatA hU~ ki Aja kA jo rAjya hai vaha nirakSaroM kA, nirakSaroM ke lie, nirakSaroM dvArA calAyA jAne vAlA rAjya hai / ye saMkhyA vAle aura nirakSara hote jAe~ge, bajAya isake ki ye sAkSara hoM-samasyA yaha hai| A. vi.- lekina sAkSara hone mAtra se kyA hotA hai ? sAkSara hone ke uparAnta bhI yadi ve viloma ho gae to ? kahA gayA hai : "sAkSarA: viparItAzcet rAkSasAH santi kevalam" - sAkSara viloma bhI ho sakate haiM aura aisA hone para ve kevala 'rAkSasa' hI hoNge| matalaba isa ora bhI apane ko dekhanA Avazyaka hai / sattA bahuta jaldI karavaTa
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________________ : mUkamATI-mImAMsA X :: letI hai| sattA tabhI sattA hai jaba vaha sahI-sahI cala sake / pra. mA. - sArI zaktiyoM kI yahI sthiti hai| pahale jo tAnAzAhI hotI thI - cAhe vaha hiTalara kI ho, sTAlina kI ho yA saddAma kI ho..... A. vi. - saMyama to baratanA cAhie / pra. mA. prAcIna RSiyoM ne jo 'da-da-da' kahA thA- vaha ThIka hI thA dAna, dayA aura damana / damana karanA saMyama hI hai aura saMyama dhAraNa karanA Aja bahuta Avazyaka hai / acchA, yaha batAie ki Aja kI pIr3hI meM, Aja kI zikSA meM jo kucha ho rahA hai - jaise ApakA grantha par3hA aura bhI mahAkAvya par3he, bahuta sArI pustakeM par3hIM - to kyA isa par3hAI se saMyama kI zikSA prApta hogI, saMyama kI bhAvanA paidA hogI aura bar3hegI ? kyoMki Aja kI par3hAI ko dekhakara aura par3hane vAloM meM AcaraNa kI giratI sthiti ko dekhakara hitacintaka manISI becaina haiN| unheM saMyama kI dIvAla DhahatI-sI dikhAI de rahI hai / maiM Apa sabake muni samAja aura anya saMghoM meM gayA, sabhAe~ bhI suniiN| para sarvatra isakI kamI lakSita ho rahI hai| logoM meM saMyama kA abhAva bar3ha rahA hai| rAmakRSNa Azrama bhI gayA / para nae loga isakI ora nahIM A rahe haiM / kAraNa, yaha mArga kaThina hai| isa mArga ko sahasA koI nahIM apanAtA / to kyA koI sarala upAya kiyA jA sakatA hai jisase sarvasAdhAraNa meM saMyama kI zikSA adhika se adhika dI jA sake ? jaise svAmI vivekAnanda ne bhI kahA aura anya logoM ne bhI kahA ki yaha kaThina mArga hai, isakA saralIkaraNa kaise ho ? A. vi. - aisA hai ki do mArga nirdiSTa haiM apane yahA~ / eka rupayA hai (jo pUrNa hai-usameM sau pAI yAnI paise haiM) aura dUsarI - eka pAI hai / pAI kI yAtrA yA mAtrA (saMkhyA) eka pAI se Arambha hokara ninyAnave pAI taka calatI hai| ina sabako hama pAI hI ginate haiM / isameM Apa kahIM bhI phiTa ho sakate haiN| isakI tulanA meM jo rupayA hai- usameM sau pAI cAhie hI caahie| to yadi sau nahIM ho sakate kama se kama pAI ko to hama surakSita rakheM - jo ho sake vaha to kareM (pUrNa na ho sakeM to kyA aMza bananA hI chor3a deM ? ) / eka pAI meM dUsarI pAI jor3I jA sakatI hai| isa taraha eka se do, do se tIna to ho sakate haiN| isa krama se dhIre-dhIre bar3heM to ApakI yAtrA usa eka pUrNa kI ora honI hI cAhie, bar3hanI hI caahie| pra. mA. - isakA abhiprAya yaha ki saMkhyA yA mAtrAtmaka parivartana se hama guNAtmaka parivartana kI ora bar3heM ? A. vi. jI hA~ ! guNAtmaka parivartana kI ora dhIre-dhIre bddh'eN| - pra. mA. - kArla mArksa kA yaha kahanA hai : "kvAnTiTI cenjez2a kvAliTI" - saMkhyA se guNAtmaka parivartana hotA hai| ho jAtA hai| kahanA yaha hai ki guNAtmaka parivartana honA cAhie / do A. vi. - guNAtmaka parivartana - jaise, do aura do milakara cAra ho jAte haiM aura do meM eka milA do, phira eka milA - isa taraha do bAra dhana karane se bhI cAra ho jAte haiM / kahane kA Azaya yaha hai jo guNita na kara sakeM, vaha dhana kara ke yAnI jor3akara kareM para RNa to na kara deM ( matalaba ghaTAe~ na, baDhAte hI jA~ya / vaha guNana kI paddhati se na ho sake to dhana ke krama se hI ho jAya ) / pra. mA.- jI hA~, yaha bahuta acchI bAta kahI Apane / Aja to RNa kI hI sambhAvanAe~ jyAdA haiM / antararASTrIya vizva baiMka kA RNa bhI to usI kA pratIka hai, jahA~ se RNa lete haiM hama / A. vi. - AjaRNa se hI hamAre sAre kArya ho rahe haiM / pra. mA.- jI hA~ ! aba maiM ApakA dhyAna isa 'mUkamATI' kAvya kI ora phira AkRSTa karanA cAhatA hU~ / Apane mukta
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xi chanda hI kyoM cunA, isa kAvya ke lie ? Apake [jaina prasthAna ke] ve jitane pAramparika kAvya haiM - cAhe prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta yA hindI ke bahuta se kAvya hoM- mukta chanda meM itanA bar3A kAvya bahuta kama logoM ne likhA hai| 'kAmAyanI', 'urvazI', 'sAketa' bhI chandobaddha hI haiN| hariaudhajI ke kAvya bhI aise hI haiN| 'rAmAyaNa' yA 'rAmacaritamAnasa' bhI aise hI haiN| ye sabhI chandobaddha hI haiN| Apako kyA mukta chanda meM koI suvidhA lagI? kAraNa batAe~ge ? kyA kAraNa hai ? A.vi.- isameM eka to sUtrabaddhatA yAnI sUtra racanA jisako bolate haiM, usakI suvidhA mila jAtI hai jo hameM isameM dekhane ko milI / chanda jaba banAte haiM taba usameM sUtrAtmakatA nahIM A pAtI, bhale hI geyatA A jAtI hai para sUtrAtmakatA nahIM A pAtI / sUtra meM aisI kSamatA rahatI hai ki usake mAdhyama se hama saMkSepa meM bahuta kucha artha kaha lete haiN| eka suvidhA to yaha hai / dUsarI, chanda meM tukabandI Adi-Adi punarAvRtti jaisI lagatI hai| isase usameM kucha kRtrimatA bhI A jAtI hai| hama lAkha prayatna kareM kintu usakA nivAraNa nahIM kara pAte para vaha avAMchita vyAghAta yA sthiti A hI jAtI hai| pra. mA.- Apake chanda meM jyAdAtara dvayakSara-prAsa A jAtA hai / telagu aura kannar3a meM bhI ye dekhane ko milatA hai| Apane kauna-kauna se mahAkAvya par3he haiM yA dekhe haiM yA kinase prabhAvita hue haiM, jo Apake lekhana meM preraNAsrota bana sake haiM ? A.vi.- mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM hindI kA to maiMne koI mahAkAvya nahIM dekhaa| pra. mA. - nahIM, apanI bhASA meM ? saMskRta, prAkRta meM yA kisI anya bhASA meM ? A.vi.- nahIM, hamane zrI guru mahArAja (AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja) ke dvArA likhita jo mahAkAvya haiM, unakA unhoMne hI apane zrImukha se adhyApana karAyA thaa| unakA 'jayodaya' mahAkAvya hai, 'vIrodaya', 'sudarzanodaya' Adi mahAkAvya haiM, inake atirikta unake anya bhI jo saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha grantha haiM, unase par3hA karate the| isa prakAra saMskRta bhASA ke sAtha-sAtha hindI bhI apane Apa A gaI hai| pra. mA.- Apane 'kAmAyanI' bhI nahIM par3hI ? A. vi.- guru jI ne yaha kahA thA ki pahale saMskRta sIkho, usake sAtha-sAtha yaha saba A jaaygaa| pra. mA. - aMgrez2I bhI Apa par3hate haiM yA nahIM ? .. A. vi. - hA~, thor3I-bahuta par3ha letA huuN| pra. mA. - zrI aravinda kA 'sAvitrI' mahAkAvya bhI nahIM dekhA ? A. vi.- use sAhityika DhaMga se (mUla meM) nahIM pddh'aa| 'mUkamATI' sRjana ke pUrva to nahIM, kintu tatpazcAt anUdita rUpa meM dekhA hai| pra. mA. - kAphI acchA grantha hai| usakA anuvAda bhI hindI meM huA hai| usakI gaNanA bIsavIM zatI ke acche granthoM meM hotI hai / to yaha 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya svata: sphUrta paddhati se likhA gayA hai / _____ acchA, yaha batAie ki isameM jo cAra khaNDa Apane rakhe haiM, isakI bhAvanA Apake mana meM kahA~ se AI ? A. vi.- nhiiN| maiMne pahale cAra khaNDa nahIM bnaae| pahale to dhArApravAha AdyopAnta yoM hI likha gyaa| bAda meM mahasUsa huA ki yaha pAThakoM ke lie asuvidhAjanaka ho sakatA hai, phalata: koI kATa-chA~Ta to nahIM kI, kintu prasaMgoM ko lekara bhinna-bhinna zIrSaka avazya race / aba ina ko (zIrSakoM ko) nikAla bhI dete haiM to bhI isakI nirantaratA bhaMga nahIM hotI, dhArA nahIM TUTatI / vaha aviruddha banI rahatI hai / sAtha hI yadi bhinna-bhinna
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________________ xii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA zIrSaka rakha bhI dete haiM to pAThaka thor3A vizrAma jaisA anubhava kara letA hai| pra. mA.- acchA, aba merI jijJAsA paMca tattvoM ke sambandha meM hai| Apane jala, miTTI, sUrya-prakAza-agni, vAyu aura AkAza-inakA prayoga isameM rUpakAtmaka paddhati para kiyA hai yA ki koI aura paddhati para aura kisI anya artha meM kiyA hai ? inheM kevala bhautika paMca tattva ke rUpa meM na lekara kisI pAtra kA pratIka banAkara hI nahIM varan unakA mAnavIkaraNa kiyA hai, kahIM-kahIM divyIkaraNa bhI kiyA hai| ata: aba yaha batAie ki ina tattvoM ke sambandha meM jaise miTTI Adi kahA to isake bAre meM ApakA mata kyA hai ? arthAt unake sAtha jo esosiyezansa (sAhacarya) banate haiM yA kahalAte haiM manovijJAna meM, ve kyA haiM ? ApakA 'miTTI' se kyA matalaba hai ? sacamuca hI miTTI athavA koI zarIra yA miTTI kA ghar3A ? kyA Azaya hai ApakA ? A. vi.-'miTTI' kA artha itanA hI liyA gayA hai ki vaha eka anagar3ha padArtha hai| pra. mA.- jisameM bahuta sAre kaMkar3a bhI mile haiN| A. vi.- jI hA~ ! bahuta kucha mikcara (mizraNa) hai, to unakA saMzodhana karake jisa prakAra ghar3e kA rUpa diyA jAtA hai usI prakAra anagar3ha AtmAe~, jo ki anantakAlIna haiM, unako bhI koI viziSTa zilpI kA yoga mila jAtA hai aura vaha svayaM miTTI ke samAna usake prati samarpita hotA calA jAtA hai to vaha bhI nizcita rUpa se kumbha ke samAna maMgalamaya ho jAtA hai yA bana sakatA hai| pra. mA.- yaha usakA upAdAna kAraNa hai yA nimitta ? A. vi.- jI hA~ ! usakA upAdAna kAraNa to vaha svayaM hai / svayaM miTTI hI loMde ke rUpa meM parivartita hogii| zilpI kA (nimitta-preraka nimitta) yoga pAkara yaha parivartana hogaa| isako apane yahA~ upAdAna evaM nimitta kAraNa bolate haiN| pra. mA.- yAnI kumbhakAra jaba kumbha banAtA hai to usakA Azaya yaha ki kumbha jo hai vahI kumbhakAra ko banA rahA hai| A. vi.- jI hA~ ! jI hA~ !! pra. mA.- isameM dvandvAtmaka prakriyA hai / to isa miTTI ke loMde se jo AkAra ubharA hai ghar3e kA, usakA kyA karanA hai ? kyA yaha pahale se kumbhakAra ke mana meM rahatA hai yA banatA jAtA hai ? usake bAda usakA upayoga hotA hai / A.vi.- hA~ ! kumbhakAra kA isameM uddezya rahatA hai, kyoMki usake mAdhyama se vaha apanI jIvikA calAtA hai / rahA kumbha, usakA matalaba yaha hai ki jo miTTI ke rUpa meM thA, vaha kumbha ke rUpa meM parivartita ho jAtA hai / isI prakAra guru aura ziSya kA sambandha hai / guru ke mAdhyama se ziSya kA utthAna hotA hai / ziSya yadi cAhegA to paaegaa| usameM pAtratA A gaI hai| pra.mA.- aba maiM sRSTikartA aura sRSTi kI bAta karanA cAhatA hU~, jisakA bAra-bAra Apa ullekha karate haiN| kyA jo sRSTikartA hai vaha kumbhakAra hai aura jo sRSTi hai kumbha-vaha kyA hai ? maiM yaha jAnanA cAhatA hU~ ki vaha kisa cIja se sRSTi banAtA hai ? vaha apane andara se upajAtA hai, sRSTi banAtA hai yA koI bAhara kI cIz2a hai jisase banAtA hai ? isa viSaya meM dArzanikoM meM bahuta UhApoha aura vAda-vivAda rahA hai| jaba zaMkarAcArya se pUchA gayA ki Apake yahA~ sRSTi kyoM aura kaise banI yA banAI gaI ? to vaha yuktisaMgata uttara nA de ske| kAraNa, vaha to nirIha hai, ata: usa parama sattA meM koI icchA hI nahIM aura binA icchA ke kriyA kaise hogI ? phira vaha pUrNakAma hai, ata: use koI abhAvAtmaka prayojana bhI nahIM, phira sRSTi kyoM banAI ? jaba unako bahuta cher3A gayA to uttara diyA-"lokavattu lIlAkaivalyam" (brahmasUtra,2/1/33)-jisa prakAra loka meM niSprayojana lIlA kI jAtI hai, kyoMki lIlA kA prayojana svayaM lIlA hI hai, vaise hI paramezvara ne kI hai yaha
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xiii saba liilaa| aura cher3A gayA to unhoMne kahA- 'sRSTi eka bhrama hai|' vaha vAstava meM bhrama yA ajJAna yA mAyA kI upaja hai / kahane ke lie unhoMne yaha saba kaha diyA / ApakI dhAraNA kyA hai ? ApakI dRSTi kyA hai? kisa cIja se sRSTi banAI gaI hai ? A. vi.- sRSTi yadi racanA hai, isalie sRSTi apane Apa meM eka karma hai / mAna lo kArya hai| to kisI kA hogA / aba kisI kA hai to kisakA hai ? yaha prazna to nizcita uThegA / koI kahegA vaha kartA Izvara hai, koI kahegA bhagavAn hai aura koI kahegA mahAvIra hai, Adi-Adi / aisI sthiti meM pratyeka sat ke bhItara jo anagina sambhAvanAe~ haiM, ve saba nakAra dI jaaeNgii| ye sArI kI sArI sambhAvanAe~ usa Izvara para AdhArita ho jAe~gI aura yadi aisA mAna bhI leM to bhI hameM santuSTi nahIM milegii| asantuSTi kA kAraNa yaha hai ki yadi Izvara kartA hai to usane aisI viSama sRSTi kyoM banAI ? usameM samAnatA kyoM nahIM ? koI raMka hai to koI rAjA kyoM ? isalie Izvara ko kartA kaise mAnA jAya? sRSTi meM yaha vyatyAsa kI prakriyA banI hI kyoM ? isase lagatA hai ki yaha prakriyA banI hI nahIM, kisI ne banAI bhI nhiiN| jar3a aura cetana meM antara vyApta hai, vyatyAsa hai| cUMki jIva karma karatA hai to rAga-dveSa Adi bhI karatA hai / isa prakAra karmabandha hone ke pazcAt usI karma kA pana: udaya hotA hai| aura usakA phala vaha svayaM bhogatA hai| jar3a yaha svayaM nahIM krtaa| pra. mA.- malataba usa kumbhakAra ke mana meM koI maoNDala nahIM thaa| usane pahale koI ghar3A nahIM dekhA thA aura usane apane mana se nayA bnaayaa| yaha naI maulika udbhAvanA hai ? kahA~ se AI ? A. vi.- nahIM, yaha udbhAvanA kharIdadAra kI cAha ke anurUpa hai, vaha jo cAhatA hai usake anurUpa hai| pra. mA.- oha ! A. vi.- grAhaka ko dekhakara hI dukAnadAra ko jJAta hotA hai ki dukAna meM kahA~-kahA~ kyA rakhA hai ? jaba grAhaka kahatA hai ki use kucha de do to dukAnadAra jijJAsA karatA hai ki use kyA de de ? usakI dukAna meM to hajAroM sAmAna bhare par3e haiM, tumheM kyA cAhie / yahI dRSTAnta isa sandarbha meM bhI lAgU hotA hai / yahA~ kevala kumbhakAra nahIM cAhatA, loMdA svayaM batA detA hai ki mujhe isa prakAra kA AkAra deN| pra. mA.- 'kAmAyanI' meM aura kazmIrI zaivadarzana meM bAra-bAra icchA, jJAna aura kriyA kI bAta AtI hai / sRSTi ke mUla meM ina tInoM kA sAmarasya rahatA hai / icchA to saba meM hotI hai para tadanurUpa jJAna saba meM nahIM hotA / to icchA aura jJAna ke bAda kriyA kA arthAt heDa, hArTa aura haiNDa - dimAga, dila aura hasta ina tInoM kA jaba (samarasa) sambandha hotA hai, tabhI unase sRSTi kI bAta sambhava hotI hai| parantu Apane yahA~ jo bAta kahI hai, usa sandarbha meM nirAkAra yA sAkAra - jaisA bhI kumbhakAra mAnA jAya, kyA usameM icchA pahale se rahatI hai ? jJAna rahatA hai ? kriyA karane kI icchA rahatI hai? yA usameM tInoM eka sAtha udbhUta rahate haiM ? Apake mana meM kyA vicAra hai ? A. vi.- mA~ jo hotI hai, usakI apanI koI icchA nahIM hotii| pra. mA.- vAha ! vAha !!-bahuta acchA uttara Apane diyaa| kA vi.- sAmane jaba usakA baccA AtA hai, khAnA mA~gatA hai to khAnA khilA detI hai| peTa bhara jAne para yadi vaha khelanA cAhatA hai to svayaM sAtha meM khelane bhI lagatI hai| pra.mA- vAha ! hamAre guru paNDita mAkhanalAla caturvedI apane ko 'mA~' likhA karate the| 'mujhako kahate haiM mAtA' unhoMne kavitA likhI thii| sArI kavitA ko ve isI taraha mAnate rhe| yaha milatI-julatI prakriyA hai|
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________________ xiv:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA A. vi.- kavi ko bhI isI taraha honA par3atA hai| yadi nahIM hotA, yuga ke anurUpa apanI tasvIra nahIM banAtA to vaha kavi hI nahIM hai| pra. mA.- vAha ! kyA bAta hai| A. vi.- to isakA (kavi kA) koI artha nahIM hai, kyoMki phira yuga kaisA legA usako / maiM apanI tarapha se de dU~ to yuga svIkAra nahIM kregaa| ApakI cAha ke anurUpa hama deMge to nizcita rUpa se vaha svIkArya ho jaaygaa| pra. mA.- ApakI yuga kI jo kalpanA hai kyA vaha dik aura kAla se ba~dhI hai? kauna-sA yuga ? kyA Aja kA yuga yA prAcIna yuga ? mahAbhArata kA yuga yA rAma kA yuga-kyA ? A. vi.- yuga hama hamezA 'vartamAna' ko hI mAnate haiN| pra. mA.- vartamAna' zabda kI kyA paribhASA hai ? isa kSaNa se agalA kSaNa kyA vartamAna nahIM hai ? A. vi.- jisameM bhUta nahIM, bhaviSya nhiiN| pra. mA. - haaN| A. vi.- jahA~ icchA nahIM, smaraNa nahIM, usakA nAma 'vartamAna' hai- 'vartate iti vrtmaanH'| vaha hI vartamAna hai hamArA / jo vartamAna hai, vahI vardhamAna hai hmaaraa| pra. mA.- vAha ! vAha !! kyA bAta hai jo vartamAna hai, vahI vardhamAna hai| buddhi se usakA sambandha hai / bahuta acchA / parantu jo bhUta hai usako hama bhUla bhI nahIM skte| vaha (bhUta) usa (vartamAna) meM milA huA hai / TI. esa. iliyaTa ne likhA hai : "The past is involved in future and future and past in the present." - ye trikAla jo hai, eka pravahamAna nadI hai| hamAre cetana, acetana, ardhacetana meM ye sAre kSaNa-kSaNa jo haiM- to kSaNavAdI darzana ke jo bauddha loga haiM, ve mAnate haiM ki kSaNa hI pradhAna hai| jabaki hamAre zaMkarAcArya yA unase bhinna jo anya haiM usako (sat ko) kUTastha, acala aura dhruva arthAt usako eka nizcita kSaNa mAnate haiN| ata: kAla ke sambandha meM ApakI kyA avadhAraNA hai ? . A. vi.- kAla ke mAdhyama se hama karate haiM, kAla meM karate haiM kintu kAla ke dvArA hama nahIM krte| pra. mA.- manuSyatva se kAla koI alaga cIja hai ? A. vi.- kAla alaga cIz2a hote hue bhI eka 'sva-kAla' hotA hai aura eka 'para-kAla' hotA hai / eka sva-catuSTaya (sva-dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva) aura eka para-catuSTaya (para-dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ) hotA hai| apanI yogyatA hI 'sva-kAla' hai aura para kA sahayoga jo apekSita hai, vaha 'para-kAla' hai| pra. mA.- ina donoM kA sambandha kaise hotA hai ? A. vi.- ina donoM kA sambandha usI prakAra hotA hai-jaise karaMTa aura tAra / karaMTa sva-kAla hai| karaMTa svayaM prakAzamAn hai aura jo vAyara hai usake lie para-kAla hai| vAyara ke binA vaha (karaMTa) eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna taka nahIM jA sakatA / para vaha sAdhana (upakaraNa) mAtra hai / svayaM vaha preSita nahIM karatA mAtra mIDiyama/mAdhyama hai| yadi hama cAhate haiM to jitanI gati ke sAtha karaMTa daur3egA vaha usakI apanI kSamatA hogii| pra. mA.- to kAla karaMTa hai aura manuSya mIDiyama ? A. vi.- nahIM, kAla kevala vAyara hai aura karaMTa jo hai vaha svayaM gatimAn padArtha hai / jIva cetana hai / vaha svayaM yAtrA karegA to usake lie kAla sahayoga karegA / kAla ke dvArA karaMTa (jIva) nahIM daur3a rahA hai| pra. mA.- to isakI pratyabhijJA kaise hotI hai, jJAna kaise hotA hai ?
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xv A. vi.- hameM kyA karanA hai, kahA~ taka calanA hai-vaise karate cale jaaeN| yaha Avazyaka hai / jaise, vartamAna ko lekara hama cleN| eka vyakti tAra ke Upara cala rahA hai| vaha atIta kI ora, pITha kI ora nahIM dekhatA / isa prakAra hone se bhUta bhI usakA gAyaba ho gayA evaM vartamAna kI ora bhI vaha dekhatA nahIM, lekina vartamAna meM hI vaha cala rahA hai| paira usake vartamAna haiN| pra. mA.- bhaviSya? A. vi.- bhaviSya AzAtmaka nahIM hai / pahu~cane rUpa hai / prati (hara) samaya vaha cala rahA hai / isalie bhaviSya usakA nizcita rUpa se ujjvala hai| loga use dekhate rahate haiM aura vaha pAra kara jAtA hai| pra. mA.- mArksavAdiyoM kA kahanA hai ki pratikSaNa jaba Apa eka-eka kadama calate haiM to ApakA jo dAhinA paira hai vaha bAeM paira kA niSedha hai aura jaba agalA paira calegA taba dAe~ paira kA niSedha hogA arthAt niSedha kA niSedha, nakAra kA nkaar| A. vi.- lekina hama donoM paira se nahIM calate haiM, eka hI paira se calate haiN| dUsarA paira hamAre lie sahayogI rahatA hai, vaha TikA huA rahatA hai / ye dhana aura RNa haiN| pra. mA.- yAnI dhana aura RNa do alaga-alaga karaMTa nahIM haiM ? A. vi.- alaga-alaga karaMTa nahIM haiN| vaha donoM kI saMyojanA hai| karaMTa donoM kI saMyojanA hai| na kevala dhana meM karaMTa hai __ aura na kevala RNa meN| pra. mA.- unakA dvandva nahIM hai| A. vi.- nahIM, sahayoga hai / donoM paira se hama caleMge to hama 'lA~ga jampa' vAle kahalAeMge yA 'hAI jampa' vAle kahalAe~ge kintu 'vAkiMga' (walking) vAle nahIM khlaaeNge| pra. mA.- bahuta acchA / A. vi.- eka paira se hI calA jAtA hai aura taba dUsarA paira baileMsa meM rahatA hai| pra. mA.- maiksamUlara ne rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa para jarmana meM eka pustaka likhI hai / usameM bahuta acchA likhA hai / usameM likhA hai ki DAyalekTika (Dialectic) jo hai yA paraspara dvandvAtmakatA jo hai, usameM eka dUsare ko kATane kI bAta hai yAnI nakAra kA nakAra | bhAratIya darzana meM yaha kATa-pITa nahIM hai, yahA~ mAtra Dialogue hai| A. vi.- hA~ saMyojana hai, DAyalekTika nahIM hai / jaise kheta meM bahuta-sA sasya hai / usameM havA bahatI hai, taba vaha eka dUsare meM saMcAra karatI hai, eka dUsare ko kATatI nhiiN| pra. mA.- jaise ikabAla ne kahA hai : "jiyo, magara mauz2oM kI taraha jiyo|" eka lahara AtI hai vaha dUsarI lahara ko kATatI nahIM varan eka dUsare ko Age bar3hAtI huI Age calI jAtI hai| ApakA darzana bhI isI taraha socatA A. vi.- jI hA~ ! pra. mA. - phira bhI mujhe yaha spaSTa nahIM huA ki yaha kAla kA jo ApakA avabodha hai, kAla kI jo ApakI parikalpanA hai, usakA 'dik se yAnI dizA se kyA sambandha hai aura una donoM kA kAvya se kyA sambandha hai ? A. vi.- dizA eka prakAra se "sahI dizA kA prasAda hI/sahI dazA kA prAsAda hai|" (draSTavya, pR. 352) pra. mA.- vAha ! vAha !! 'mUkamATI' meM hai yaha ? A. vi.- jI hA~ ! 'mUkamATI' meM hai / yahI dizA hai / dik kA artha dizA nahIM, bodha hai|
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________________ xvi:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pra. mA.- to phira Apa ke cintana meM rASTra zabda nahIM AegA ? kyoMki rASTra zabda dizA se ba~dhA hai kisI sImA meN| 'kisI dizA meM isakA artha kyA hogA? A. vi.- rASTra apane yahA~ eka prakAra se saMyojanA jo kucha banatI hai, usakA nAma hai / vahI hai deza / 'samAja' ko kendra meM rakhakara jo vicAradhArA banatI hai vaha hai samAjavAda / samAja samUha artha kA vAcaka hai aura samUha kA artha hai-sam yAnI samIcIna rUpa se Uha arthAt vicAra / matalaba jahA~ AcAra-vicAra samIcIna hoM, vaha hai samAja / jo isa vAda meM AsthA rakhatA hai vaha hai samAjavAdI / anyathA samAja to bAda meM hai-hama samAjavAdI (pahale) haiN| pra. mA.- bahuta acchA ! kintu deza-deza meM Apasa kA jo vitaNDA yA vikhaNDana hai, vaha bhI vicAraNIya hai isa sandarbha meM / yaha to eka tathya yA satya hai ki bhArata eka deza hai / usake Aja tIna khaNDa ho gae haiM - bhArata, pAkistAna aura bAMglAdeza / yaha vibhAjana-jo dik se jur3A hai vahA~ hai yA hamAre cintana yA avadhAraNA meM A. vi.- hamAre vicAroM meM vighaTana kA nAma hI deza kA vibhAjana hai| deza meM koI vibhAjana huA hI nhiiN| yaha vicAroM kA vighaTana hai| isa vibhAjana ko vicAroM kA hI vighaTana bolA jAtA hai| pra. mA.- vicAroM kA vighaTana ! to ApakA kyA khyAla hai ki vicAroM kA yaha vighaTana samApta ho jAyagA ? kyA sArI duniyA~ eka ho jAyagI? A. vi. - eka ho yA na ho, eka hone kI bhAvanA yA vicAra hama rakheMge to nizcita rUpa se dUsare meM bhI sambhAvanA dekha sakate haiN| pra. mA.- pahale bhArata eka thA / hama dekha rahe haiM ki vikhaNDana kI kriyA bhayAnaka rUpa se cala rahI hai / bar3ha rahI hai / dekha lIjie- asama, paMjAba, tamilanADu, jammU-kazmIra Adi isake udAharaNa haiN| A. vi.- isameM kAraNa eka mAtra hai ki Upara se hama ekatA bhale cAhate hoM lekina bhItara se nahIM caahte| pra. mA. - hA~ ! yaha ekatA kA jo hama pracAra Adi kara rahe haiM, yaha sirpha pracAra hai| aba, hama kavitA kI ora Ate haiN| kAvya dik-kAlAtIta hotA hai yA dizA aura kAla se ba~dhA hotA hai ? A. vi.- kavitA svAzrita hotI hai / svAyatta hotI hai / isakA dizA-kAla se koI sambandha nahIM hai| pra. mA.- svAzrita (hotI hai kavitA) ! usakA kyA dizA-kAla se koI sambandha nahIM ? A. vi.- koI nhiiN| pra. mA. - para udbhUta to hotI hI dizA meM hI, dizA-kAla se hii| A. vi. - 'sva' meM (yA 'sva' se) udbhUta hotI hai| pra. mA. - para bhASA se to ba~dhI hai ? A. vi.- hA~! bhASA se bA~dhanA par3atA hai| jaise janma hone ke bAda AvaraNa yA AbharaNa A jAtA hai| pra. mA.- bhASA to digambara nahIM ho sktii| bhASA ke sAtha to dizA-kAla ba~dhA hai| A. vi.- bhASA kI paribhASA bhI eka prakAra se digambara jaisI hI hai / hama banA dete haiM to bana jAtI hai, nahIM to nahIM hai| bhItara se bhAva yahI hai ki bhAva hamezA utpanna hote rahate haiM aura bhAvoM ko hamezA vyavasthita rakhane ke lie bhAvoM ko, bhASA ko apanAnA par3atA hai / vaha apanAnA kahA~ taka hai, yaha Apa hI jAneM / para hamArA rAjakumAra to rAjakumAra hI hai, rUpavAn hai| bAda meM bhale hI vastra rakha do to rakha do, nahIM bhI rakho to hamArA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xvii rAjakumAra to rAjakumAra hI hai| pra. mA.- kyA bAta hai ! 'svAzrita' jaba Apane kahA to isameM kavitA kA koI bhAvaka, koI sAmAjika, koI rasajJa, koI usakA grahaNa karane vAlA bhI abhihita hai yA nahIM ? kyA Apa yaha mAnakara calate haiM ki maiMne kAvya 'svAntaH -sukhAya' likha diyA / vaha havA meM yA zUnya meM rahe, koI na bhI par3he to paravAha nahIM ? A. vi.- rasoiyA jo hai na, vaha pAkazAstra ko jAnatA hai / pAkazAstra jAnane vAlA vyakti apane 'pAka' ko dUsaroM taka pahu~cAne kI koziza avazya karatA hai| pra. mA.- karatA hI hai| matalaba dasarA hai usake mana meM? A. vi.- hA~ ! lekina dUsarA hai, isalie mana meM hai, aisA nhiiN| vaha apane meM utpanna karatA hai ki jo khAne ke lie AyA, usako pUchane nahIM jAtA ki Apako kyA cAhie yA kaise bnaauuN| hA~, jitanA khAnA hai, utanA khA lo| lekina maiM banAU~gA to apane rasa pAkajJAna se hI bnaauuNgaa| pra. mA.- 'svAzrita' meM 'para' yaha jo hai usakA svAda lene vAlA hai, svAdaka nihita hai| A.vi.- 'sva' ke sAtha vaha bhojana to kara hI rahA hai, sva ke sAtha dUsaroM ko bhI lAbha ho jAya to ThIka hai, kintu vaha gauNa hI hai| pra. mA.- kyA Apa kavitA ko saMvAda nahIM mAnate ? A. vi.- nhiiN| pra. mA.- kevala AtmAbhivyakti mAnate haiM ? A. vi.- nhiiN| vo to saMvAda meM A hI nahIM sktaa| pra. mA.- saMvAda se merA matalaba hai-sampreSaNa / yAnI koI aura hai jisase maiM bAta karanA cAhatA huuN| A. vi.-'vad' dhAtu se 'vAda' banA hai to phira kavitA ke lie vad se jur3A hI nhiiN| pra. mA.- hA~ ! hA~ !! vAda, vivAda, saMvAda, pravAda Adi / to vAda yA bhASA jaisA Apa kaha rahe haiM, vaha kevala AtmAbhivyakti hai yAnI svAbhAvika hI hai| A. vi.- isIlie 'mUkamATI' meM likhA hai - parAvAk, pazyantI, madhyamA aura vaikharI / ye cAroM haiM lekina ye sAre ke sAre yogIgamya haiM, mAtra vaikharI hI zrotrendriya kA viSaya bana pAtI hai| pra. mA. - kAvya kA anta mujhe aisA lagA ki Apane kucha jaldI kara diyA / mujhe samajha meM nahIM AyA ki anta meM kyA hotA hai isa ghar3e ko lekara ke mUkamATI kaa| A. vi.- usakI pUrNatA ho gii| usakI yAtrA pUrNa ho gaI mauna meM / vaha mauna meM lIna hai aura jaba pUrNatA ho jAtI hai, to anubhUti A jAtI hai / jaba anubhUti ho jAtI hai taba vacana ko, vAkya ko virAma milatA hai / "phira bolanA, kyA bolanA ? pra. mA.- yaha jo ApakI dhAraNA hai vaha bahuta kucha jhena bauddha dharma ke nikaTa hai / maiM bahuta se jhena bauddha maThoM meM gayA / maiMne vahA~ dekhA hai ki ve loga pattharoM ko jamA kara lete haiM aura baiThe rahate haiM aura socate haiM ki jharanA hai| candramA kI * tarapha dekhate haiM aura ghaNToM baiThe rahate haiM, bAta nahIM karate haiN| khAlI kapa meM pAnI rahatA hai use thor3A-thor3A pIte haiN| samajhate haiM ki cAya pI rahe haiN| ye jo jhena hai, vaha 'dhyAna' se niSpanna hai| unakA kahanA hai ki jaise hAtha para hAtha mAreM to AvAja hotI hai, vaise hI eka hAtha se bhI AvAz2a AnI caahie| ve varSoM kevala isI AvAz2a ko sunate haiM havA meN| mere lie yaha vicitra sthiti hai ki 'jo hai, usako hama nahIM hai' taka le jAte haiN| vANI
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________________ xviii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ko mauna taka le jAnA'' zUnya kI ora le jAnA hai| A. vi.- nahIM / zUnya kI ora nhiiN| vahI vAstava meM eka sahI, satya taka pahu~cAne kI yAtrA hai / zabda bolane meM AtA hai aura sunane meM bhI AtA hai / bodha bolane meM nahIM AtA, sunane meM nahIM AtA lekina bodha ko vANI milI, aisA kaha dete haiN| to zabda-pratyaya se artha-pratyaya yAnI bodha-pratyaya hotA hai / pra. mA.- isameM 'zodha' aura 'bodha' Apane kahA hai| A. vi.- isake uparAnta 'zodha' AtA hai / zodha meM zabda bhI gAyaba ho jAtA hai aura bodha kahatA hai ki bahuta paMgu hU~ maiM, kyoMki usa phUla kA nAma hai bodha aura per3a kA nAma hai zabda / to zabda ke paudhoM ke Upara bodha ke phUla lageM, yaha koI niyama nhiiN| pra. mA. - usakI surabhi to hai ? A. vi.- isake uparAnta bodha ke pAsa bhale hI surabhi ho lekina tRpti kA sAdhana phUla nhiiN| zodha meM surabhi bhI hai aura phala bhii| hamAre kAma meM to donoM Ate haiN| isalie jaba taka bodha hai, taba taka zodha nhiiN| bodha ko hI zodha meM DhalanA hogA yAnI phUla ko phala meM DhalanA hogaa| kintu dhyAna rahe-phUla kA rakSaNa ho aura phala kA bhakSaNa ho| pra. mA.- vAha ! vAha !! to yaha zabda se zabdAtIta taka jAne kI yAtrA hai| isa 'mUkamATI' sambandhI eka jijJAsA mere mana meM aura thI ki manu aura aNu-ye zabda prayoga kie haiM Apane / to aNu ke sphoTa ko lekara ke Aja vizva meM jisa taraha kI bAteM ho rahI haiM, usa sandarbha meM ApakA mata kyA hai ? aNu kI jo zodha kI jA rahI hai, usase manu ko kucha lAbha hogA? manu kucha Age bar3hegA? A. vi.- nhiiN| vaha rokI jAe, aisA maiM nahIM kaha rahA huuN| lekina aNu kA prayoga kyoM kiyA jA rahA hai ? aNu kA prayoga karane vAlA manu kI paramparA ko lA~ghegA to Ananda nahIM le skegaa| svayaM AiMsTIna ne yaha kahA ki maiMne aNu kA zodha kiyA hai, yaha nizcita bAta hai, lekina prayoga karane ke lie nahIM kahA / prakRti para hama prayoga kareMge to nizcita rUpa se hamArI hAra hogI aura jaba taka manuSya kA dila aura dimAg2a ThikAne hai taba taka ye eTama bama, hAiDrojana bama Adi hamArA kucha bhI bigAr3a nahIM kreNge| lekina jisa dina yaha mastiSka/mana vikRta ho jAyagA vaha hamAre lie AtmanAzI hogA / isalie prayoga ke lie nahIM kahA hai / yoga rakhie, prayoga nhiiN| pra. mA.- parantu kavi to yaha mAnatA hai ki vaha sadA viyoga meM rahatA hai : "viyogI hogA pahalA kavi Aha se upajA hogA gAna / umar3a kara A~khoM se cupacApa bahI hogI kavitA anjaan|" isa duniyA kI sArI kavitA atRpti se hI phUTI hai| A. vi.- bahuta acchA / sunie ! vaha jo yoga-saMyoga va viyoga ke ulajhana meM pha~sA hai, vaha nizcita rUpa se, niyoga rUpa se yoga kA AdhAra nahIM le sakatA aura yadi yoga kA AdhAra nahIM le sakegA to usake upayoga meM vizva kyA hai, yaha A hI nahIM skegaa| pra. mA. - yahA~ para logoM kA yaha kahanA hai ki yaha to santoM kA mArga hai / muniyoM kA mArga hai / yahA~ mukta hokara Apa mauna kI ora, parama mokSa kI ora jaaeNge| A. vi.- nahIM, nahIM, nhiiN|| pra. mA. - parantu becArA kavi jo hai vaha darda meM chaTapaTAtA rahatA hai : "darda kA hada se guz2aranA hai davA ho jaanaa|"
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xix A. vi. - jo yaha kahA hai ki darda, davA aura havA - inheM hameM dekhanA Avazyaka hai| jaba havA se kAma nahIM calatA taba davA kAma meM AtI hai aura jaba davA se kAma nahIM calatA taba duA kAma AtI hai| lekina ye bilakula bAharI jagat kI bAta ho gaI / jaba duA kAma nahIM AtI usa samaya hameM kyA karanA ? kauna-sA AdhAra hai ? kisa kI zaraNa meM jAe~ aura kauna-sA hamArA eka sahArA yA stambha ho ? nizcita bAta yaha hai jaba duA kAma nahIM karatI taba parama cetanA - zuddha Atmatattva - pra. mA. - to Apane, mahAkAvya jo hai, yaha ekadama preraNA huI aura likha diyA aisA hai ? kitanA samaya lagA likhane - svayambhuvA kAma karatI hai| .. meM ? A. vi. - lagAtAra likhate gae, lagabhaga paune tIna varSa* lage / pra. mA. - pahale se koI DhA~cA banAyA thA yA phira banatA calA gayA ? A. vi. - DhA~cA to kucha nahIM banAyA / basa prArambha ho gayA aura banatA gayA / pra. mA. - jaise kumbha banatA calA gayA / A. vi. jI hA~ ! eka kathA pUrNa karanI hai apane ko / ataH vahA~ taka ghaTa ko le jAnA hai| isalie banAte cale jAo / taduparAnta kumbha jo hai vaha jala dhAraNa bhI karatA hai aura jala se pAra bhI karA detA hai / to jala se pAra bhI karA diyA yAnI pUrNa yAtrA ho gii| pra. mA. - to Apake isa kumbha meM jo jIvana hai, jala * kyoMki maiM abhI paMca tattva kI bAta kara rahA thA, miTTI kI bAta hamane bahuta kara lI - aba yaha jIvana jo tattva hai, kyA ye bhI eka amUrta tattva hai yA ebseTrakTa tattva hai ? yA pAnI jisako Apa kaha rahe haiM, kumbha ke andara jo nIra AtA hai, pAnI hai, salila hai, vAri hai, jo bhI zabda kaheM - ye dRzya haiM ? spRzya haiM ? kaisI cIja haiM ? yA kevala yaha dhAraNA hai ? A. vi. - jala bhI eka tattva hai / jala ko apane yahA~ jala ke hI rUpa meM aMgIkAra kiyA aura 'bhU' ko saba kI bhUmikA ke rUpa meM aMgIkAra kiyA hai| pra. mA. - usa dina (do dina pUrva huI bAtacIta ke samaya) Apane dharatI ko 'sarvasahA' yAnI gandhavatI, pRthivI, bhUmA kahA thA jala ko Apane eka calAyamAna, gatizIla tattva ke rUpa meM aMgIkAra kiyA aura bhUmi ko sthitizIla ? * 'mUkamATI' grantha Alekhana prArambha - zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra pisanahArI kI mar3hiyA, jabalapura, madhyapradeza meM Ayojita ho rahe grantharAja 'SaTkhaNDAgama vAcanA zivira' (caturtha) ke prArambhika divasa - bIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn munisuvratanAthajI ke dIkSAkalyANaka divasa-vaizAkha kRSNa dazamI, vIra nirvANa saMvat 2510, vikrama saMvat 2041, budhavAra, 25 apraila 1984 ko / zrI digambara jaina siddhakSetra nainAgirijI, chatarapura, madhyapradeza meM Ayojita zrImajjinendra paMcakalyANaka evaM traya gajaratha mahotsava ke daurAna kevalajJAna kalyANaka divasa - mAgha zukla trayodazI, vIra nirvANa saMvat 2513, vikrama saMvat 2043, budhavAra, 11 pharavarI 1987 ko / prakAzana- 'mUkamATI' (mahAkAvya) - AcArya vidyAsAgara, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 18, insTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI roDa, nayI dillI110 003, pahalA saMskaraNa- 1988, pRSTha- 24+488, mUlya 50 rupae, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa - 2004, mUlya - 140 rupae / samApana -
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA A. vi. - hA~ ! sthitizIla, dhAraNazIla, pAlanazIla, kSamAzIla aura tAraNazIla hai / dharaNI- "jo dhAraNa karatI hai yAnI dhara... NI NIradha / " athavA "tIra para jo dharane vAlI hai vaha dharatI - tIra ....dha / " (draSTavya, pR. 452-453) vAha ! vAha !! to ina do tattvoM meM, jala aura miTTI meM, Apane 'agni tattva' ko kisa taraha istemAla kiyA ? XX :: pra. mA. - A. vi - agni ko jalAne ke rUpa meM bhI loga aMgIkAra kara lete haiN| lekina jalAne vAlI sArI cIjeM hamAre lie bAdhaka haiM, aisA nahIM hai / svayaM hI ghar3A kahatA hai ki mujhe jalA do, kyoMki tumhAre dvArA maiM jaba taka nahIM jalU~gA, taba taka merI yAtrA pUrNa nahIM hogI / aura aisA mata soco ki tuma mujhe 'jalA' rahI ho / nahIM, vAstava meM tuma mujhe 'jilA' rahI ho / mere bhItara jo doSa haiM, una doSoM ko jalA rahI ho| una doSoM ko jalAe binA merI jIvana yAtrA sambhava nahIM / merI jIvana yAtrA kA vikAsa tumhAre jalAne ke Upara hI hai| ata: tuma ni:saMkoca hokara jalA do, maiM jalane ke lie taiyAra huuN| to agni ko isa rUpa meM aMgIkara kara liyA / pra. mA. nyAya yA vaizeSika Adi darzanoM meM ghar3e ke nirmANa ke samaya yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki agni meM eka-eka kaNa - jalatA calA jAtA hai / kucha loga kahate haiM ki ikaTThA bana jAtA hai / ApakA kyA kahanA hai ? A. vi. - koI bhI kArya jo hotA hai taba yadi hama 'niSpanna dazA' ko lekara calate haiM to 'pIche kA' gauNa ho jAtA hai| lekina 'pIche ko' gauNa ke sAtha hama yadi nirAkRta kara deM to hamAre hAtha kucha nahIM lagatA / pra. mA. - thor3A spaSTa kIjie ise / A. vi. - jaise kisI ne ema. e. kiyaa| to solaha ( 11+3+2) kakSAe~ uttIrNa karane ke uparAnta usake pAsa gurutva AyA / kisI eka viSaya ke Upara adhikAra A gayA / yaha nizcita bAta hai| lekina yadi prathama kakSA, dvitIya kakSA Adi-Adi pAsa nahIM karatA to solahavIM kakSA koI vastu to hamAre sAmane nahIM rahatI / prathama kakSA, dUsarI kakSA Adi kA sArA jJAna saMyojita hokara hI to ema. e. kahalAtA hai / pra. mA. - to ye sTepa bAI sTepa hotA hai ? ghar3e kA nirmANa bhI sTepa bAI sTepa huA ? ekadama nahIM ? A. vi. - ekadama nahIM hotA / pra. mA. eka dama agni ke praveza se nahIM bana jAtA, aisA nahIM hotaa| merI eka jijJAsA yaha thI ki yaha ghar3A jo nirmita huA, usameM pAnI ke aMza aura AkAza kI kyA sthiti hai ? A. vi. - AkAza kI sthiti yaha hai ki usane pAnI ko avagAhita karane kA avakAza de diyaa| dUsarA yaha ki ghaTAkAza, paTAkAza kA jaba vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai to usakA Azaya yaha nahIM hotA ki vaha saba AkAza kA nAma hai, apitu vaha ghaTagata AkAza hai, paTagata AkAza hai| jisa sthAna para ghar3e ne apane ko sthApita kiyA hai, usa sthAna para sthita ghaTa meM jo AkAza hai, vaha ghaTAkAza hai| use ghaTAkAza mAna liyA gayAanyathA, vahA~ AkAza kI koI bAta nahIM / pra. mA. - yahA~ Apane speza (Space) yA dik jo hai yA kham - isa tattva ko mAna liyA / abhI Apane kahA thA ki... vi - hA~, mAnA hai / dik - kAlAtIta nahIM hai / ghaTa kI sthiti jo hai / A. - pra. mA. - yahA~ Apane kahA thA ki ghaTa kI yAtrA dik-kAlAtIta nahIM hai, amUrta nahIM hai ? - A. vi. jI hA~ ! kAla ko batAne ke lie ghaTa kAraNa to hai| aura isakI prakriyA meM kAla sahayoga bhI de rahA hai| isakI vyavasthA bhI hamane batAI / lekina kAla ko hI saba kucha mAna leM yA sthAna ko hI saba kucha mAna leM to ghaTa
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxi kA astitva hI samApta ho jAyagA / pra. mA. - 'kAmAyanI' gata zaiva darzana meM icchA, jJAna aura kriyA- ye tIna zabda maiMne pahale kahe the / ina tInoM ko Apa kyA eka samajhate haiM ? eka sAtha mAnakara cala rahe haiM ? A. vi.- pratyeka kriyA meM koI sahayoga Avazyaka hotA hai / vaha to apane Apa calatA hI rahatA hai / hama bola rahe haiM to isa samaya vacana-vargaNAe~ A hI rahI haiM, mana ke mAdhyama se vicAra bhI cala rahA hai| pra. mA.- parantu, akele manuSya yA sAmUhika manuSyoM ke vikAsa meM pahale icchA rahatI hai, phira jJAna AtA hai aura phira kriyA bahuta bAda meM hotI hai, aisA prANIzAstra vijJAna kahatA hai / isameM avasthA bheda se-choTepana se bar3epana meM yA ki eka AdivAsI samAja meM aura eka atyanta sampanna Aja kA jo yAntrika samAja hai, isake bIca meM jo kucha parivartana hotA hai, usake sambandha meM Apake kyA vicAra haiM ? A. vi.- isa sambandha meM to yaha hai ki pratyeka vyakti prArambha meM AdivAsI hokara hI AdinAtha bhagavAn kA upAsaka banatA hai aura phira AdinAtha bana jAtA hai / lekina anya dazAoM kA vaha ekadama gauNIkaraNa kara detA hai| pratyeka AdamI jaba pahalA qadama rakhatA hai, usa samaya vaha bAlaka hI mAnA jAyagA / pra. mA.- yAnI pratyeka vyakti puna: bAlaka bana sakatA hai ? A. vi.- bAlaka hI hai vaha / jisa dizA meM vaha calanA cAhatA hai, eka caraNa rakhatA hai taba vaha bAlaka hI rahatA hai| bAlaka se hI pAlaka banatA hai| pra. mA.- to kyA yaha sambhava hai ki kisI vRkSa ke lie vaha phira se vahIM pahu~ca jAya jahA~ se prArambha kiyA ? pratyeka vRkSa phira bIja banegA ? kyA khilA huA phUla phira kalI bana jAyagA ? A. vi.- nahIM ! ise yU~ kahanA cAhie ki yadi abhI banane kI prakriyA hI nahIM huI hai to usako hama calanA nahIM maaneNge| pra. mA.- kevala icchA hai ? A. vi.- hA~ ! kevala icchA hai / abhI jJAna aura kriyA nahIM A pAI / kriyA ho rahI hai lekina samIcIna kriyA honI caahie| tabhI icchA pUrNa ho pAegI / mAtra icchA hI jyoM-ki-tyoM banI rahatI hai to kriyA phalIbhUta nahIM hotI-"yasmAt kriyA: pratiphalanti na bhAvazUnyAH" (kalyANamandira-stotra/38) yAnI bhAva se zUnya kriyA phalIbhUta nahIM ho paatii| pra. mA.- ye sArA Apane AtmaniSTha vivecana kiyA / maiM thor3I vastuniSThatA kI bAta cAhatA huuN| Apake dRSTikoNa meM koI jar3a yA bAhara kI pRthvI yA bhautika jagat nahIM hai ? yA hai ? yA kevala AbhAsa hai mana meM yA kevala vivarta A. vi.- aisA hai - vaise yadi dekhA jAya to AbhAsa bhI hai aura vaise... pra. mA.- kyA kevala kalpanA hai mahArAja ? duniyA jo hai - 'mAI varlDa ija mAI vila'- aisA hAvara ne kahA hai / kyA kevala eka mithyA hai', jaisA zaMkarAcArya kahate haiM ? A. vi.- ekAnta rUpa se mithyA hI kaheM, aisA bhI nahIM hai / kyoMki mithyA ko kahane ke lie jo zabda prayoga kie jAe~ge to phira vo bhI mithyA hI ho jaaeNge| jaise zaMkarAcArya ne kahA ki yaha saMsAra jo hai, vaha mithyA hai| to yaha saMsAra mithyA kahane vAle jo vacana haiM, ve bhI mithyA haiN| aisA to nahIM hai ki ina vacanoM ke mAdhyama se hameM kucha bhI nahIM milA hai| vaha kevala buddhi hai, uccarita zabdArtha kI samajha to hai hii| yadi yaha ekAntataH mAna liyA jAya ki yaha sArA kA sArA saMsAra jhUTha hai, taba jo zabda sunA jA rahA hai, vaha bhI jhUTha hai| isalie
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________________ xxii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA jaba yaha zabda nikalA aura usane bodha karAyA taba ekAntataH jhUTha kaise mAna liyA jAyagA ? kucha to vaha hai| pra. mA. - ThIka hai / zaMkarAcArya ke viSaya meM eka kahAnI hai| ve kahIM jA rahe the ki unake pIche eka daur3atA huA hAthI laga gyaa| yaha dekhakara zaMkarAcArya jAna bacAne ke lie bhAgane lge| isI samaya unake dvArA zikSita aura dIkSita vyakti AyA aura dekhA ki zaMkarAcArya bhAga rahe haiN| usane kahA ki svAmin ! Apake anusAra jaba sArA saMsAra jhUThA hai, taba kyA yaha hAthI saccA hai, jo Apa isa se Dara ke bhAga rahe haiM ? zaMkarAcArya ne kahA ki unakA bhAganA bhI kahA~ saccA hai,vaha bhI mithyA hai / matalaba yaha ki mithyA kI avadhAraNA nitAnta sUkSma hai| videzI arthAt pazcimI dArzanikoM ne mithyA kA artha abhAva nahIM mAnA hai| A. vi.- mithyA kA artha abhAva nahIM hai / pra. mA. - hA~ ! maiM yahIM A rahA hU~ / A.vi.- hA~ ! mithyA kA artha eka prakAra se viloma honA hai| pra. mA.- to kyA Apa isako AMzika mithyA yA AMzika satya mAnate haiM? A. vi.- nhiiN| isako hama yaha kaheMge ki jaise eka to abhAva hai aura dUsarA vibhAva / to jala kA abhAva atyantAbhAva nahIM hai| hima, jala kA vibhAvIkaraNa hai| aura vibhAva ke dvArA hamezA kaSTa hotA hai| isako mithyAtva bolate pra. mA. - to jala kA hima jo hai, vaha niSedha nahIM hai ? A. vi.- nahIM / abhAva nahIM hai, vibhAva hai| vibhAva rUpa hima ko puna: tarala banA do / jala ko tarala mAnA hai svbhaavtH| jaba jala rahegA taba tarala rahegA, bahAva rhegaa| lekina, jaba tarala ke sthAna para saghana ho jAegA taba vaha vibhAva ho jAegA aura vibhAva hone ke kAraNa na nAva usameM DUbegI aura na tairegI, kintu aTaka jaaegii| pra. mA.- samaya kAphI ho rahA hai| maiM antima prazna pUchanA cAha rahA hU~-kyA Apa aura koI mahAkAvya likha rahe haiM yA likheMge? hamArI ummIda hai, hama cAhate haiM ki isase bhI bar3I cIz2a Apa likheN| A. vi.- mA~ga to A rahI hai, lekina usa mA~ga kI... pra. mA.- icchA Apake mana meM jAge, phira jJAna ho aura phira kriyA ho / jo ApakA kAvya('mUkamATI') hai vaha hindI ke lie bahuta bar3I upalabdhi hai, hama ye mAnate haiN| aisI koI cIz2a pahale nahIM likhI gaI aura ye kaI dRSTiyoM se abhUtapUrva racanA hai / maiMne to kaI mahAkAvya par3he haiN| kaI bhASAoM meM par3he haiM / maiMne isakI tulanA anya kaI mahAkAvyoM se karAnA cAhI hai-'gilagimeza' pahalA mahAkAvya hai jo pazcima meM mAnA jAtA hai ki IMToM ke andara likhA pralaya ke bAre meM kucha milatA hai / aura milTana ke 'pairADAIz2a laoNsTa' aura DAnTe kI 'DivAina kAmeDI'-ina saba se tulanA karate hue hama calate haiM, vizva ke mahAkAvyoM ke itihAsa meM hama dekha rahe haiM ki yaha alaga cIz2a hai / aravinda kI 'sAvitrI' kucha-kucha isake karIba kI racanA hai, phira 'kAmAyanI' hai, parantu ye usase bhI bhinna hai / ye Apane bahuta bar3A mahattva kA grantha likhA hai, itanA hI maiM kahanA cAhatA huuN| maiM to likhUgA hI jo kucha likhanA hai| hama ye cAhate haiM ki isakA adhikAdhika logoM meM pracAra-prasAra ho| isake dvArA logoM ko kAvya kA eka nayA AyAma khula jAtA hai / abhI taka kAvya ke sambandha meM jo hamArI dhAraNA thI usameM eka nayA kalpanA-loka, Aloka udghATita huA hai / kalpanA kA kyA yoga mAnate haiM Apa kAvya meM ?
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxiii A. vi. - anubhUti ko jIvita rakhane ke lie koI sA~cA to banAnA caahie| maiM kalpanA ke pakSa meM bahuta kama hU~ / pra. mA. - acchA, ye ApakI dI huI kalpanA hai, jo mahAkAvya hai, vaha akalpanIya kalpanA hai ? A. vi. - ye kalpanAtIta hai, kyoMki ghaTita nahIM ho rahI hai aura kalpanA kara leM to isa apekSA se jo ghaTita hai, jisa rUpa meM hai, usako hama zabda rUpa de deM to bahuta acchA rahegA / pra. mA. - hamAre acetana mana kI khAna ke andara jo chupI huI svarNa rAzi hai, use miTTI ke andhakAra meM se nikAla kara ke kalpanA taka usako parizodhita kara jaba usakA bodhana zodhana hotA hai taba jAkara usakI eka mudrikA banatI hai / zabdoM ke jar3Ava ke andara taba jAkara logoM ke kAma kI hotI hai| rasa prakriyA jaisI hai yaha / jaise ki bhojana ke lie pAkazAstra meM bhI jo mUla cIz2a hai, usakA vaisA hI sevana nahIM karate, ye sArA pariSkaraNa hai / A. vi. - jahA~ taka bana sake vahA~ taka maiM socatA hU~ ina rasoM meM hI vizeSa saMyojanA yA khoja nA karake jo rasAsvAdI vyakti haiM, unakI rasAsvAdana meM thor3I ruci jyAdA bar3ha jAe to apane Apa hI isakA nAma z2yAdA ho jAegA / isameM hama bahuta kucha bharanA cAhate haiM, lekina sAmane vAlA vyakti grahaNa nahIM kara paataa| isalie jahA~ taka bana sake vaha bandhana TUTa jaae| anyathA, zRMgAra lAo, viraha lAo - yAnI vo lAo, ye lAo / isase pUrA pUrA vo hI itihAsa, puna: jamaghaTa ho jAtA hai| pra. mA. - Apa kevala zAnta rasa meM vizvAsa karate haiM ? A. vi.- jI hA~ ! isameM kahA bhI hai : "saba rasoM kA anta honA hI - / zAnta - rasa hai" (pR. 160 ) / kahA hai : "zAntAd bhAvAH pravartante / " ( anya ke dvArA eka prazna ) pra. mA. - Apa pUcha rahI haiM- kumbhakAra Izvara hai yA guru hai ? vo guru mAna kara cala rahI haiM / Apa kyA mAnate haiM ? A. vi.- Izvara apane yahA~ (jaina darzana meM) do prakAra ke hote haiM - eka sakala paramAtmA aura eka nikala paramAtmA / sakala paramAtmA * zarIra sahita, jo arahanta parameSThI haiN| dUsare zarIra rahita hone se nikala paramAtmA haiN| vo - hamAre parama guru haiM / aura ye jo jJAnasAgara mahArAja haiM vo hamAre guru haiM / pra. mA. - hamAre yahA~ to guru ko hI "gururbrahmA, gururviSNuH gururdevo mahezvara:" kahA hai| ye tInoM jo haiM, ve guru meM A gae haiM to sRSTi utpatti-sthiti evaM laya- ina sabakA guru ke andara samAveza hai| hamAre yahA~ guru kI dhAraNA bahuta vyApaka hai / to guru aura Izvara meM koI antara nahIM hamAre yahA~ vicAroM meM ? A. vi. - itanA hI antara hai ki guru jo haiM : "guru govinda doU khar3e, kAkai lAgU~ pA~ya / balihArI gurU Apanai ... Age..., - govinda diyo batAya' nahIM, balki govinda diyo 'banAya' kahate haiM / " pra. mA. - vAha ! vAha !! 'batAya' ke badale meM 'banAya' kara diyA / (eka anya ke dvArA prazna ) pra. mA. - Apa pUcha rahe haiM ki jaba Apa karnATaka se Ae the, taba itanI hindI nahIM AtI thii| phira hindI para itanA adhikAra kaise prApta kiyA ? vo = A. vi. - adhikAra to nahIM thA, ise svIkAra kiyA hai| hamane kevala sunA hai / gurujI ne kevala sunAyA thaa| kucha mAravAr3I bolate the / pra. mA.- maiM socatA hU~ sArA zreya saMskRta - prAkRta ko denA cAhie, jina bhASAoM ne isa saba ko AdhAra diyA / A. vi. - gurujI ke mukha se hamane saMskRta par3hI, lekina bola-cAla kA mAdhyama hindI bhASA rahI / kucha
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________________ xxiv :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pra. mA.- isameM kahIM-kahIM grAmINa zabdoM ke prayoga bhI A jAte haiM, jaise 'jaghana' zabda (pR.227) Apane likhA hai| isakA hindI meM artha acchA nahIM hotA / Apane kannar3a artha meM zAyada likhA hai ? darzana ko isa taraha kAvya rUpa meM prastuta karanA apane Apa meM bahuta bar3I upalabdhi maiM mAnatA hU~, kyoMki jitane bhI darzana ke bAre meM mahAkAvya haiM, ve bahuta kucha kliSTa ho jAte haiM jabakI ye ('mUkamATI') kliSTa nahIM hai / isakA prabhAva jo hai-prasAda guNa bahuta bar3A hai / yaha barAbara pravahamAn calatA jAtA hai, kyoMki isake pIche ApakI jo cetanA hai vaha nirantara Apako Age ThelatI huI calI jAtI hai / Apa bahuta spaSTa haiM / ApakA jo uddezya hai, Apake kumbha kA jo bhAva hai vaha bahuta spaSTa hai / bahuta-bahuta dhanyavAda / hama bahuta upakRta hue| Apake kAvya ko par3hakara ke bahuta lAbhAnvita hue| ye jijJAsAe~ to yU~ hI thIM, hamArI mUrkhatA yA hamArI sImA kA-- jAnane ke lie / lekina logoM taka pahuMcane meM ise samaya lagegA / jaba antarikSa meM loga gae to unakA bhAra kama ho gayA-logoM ko jaise AsamAna meM tairanA par3A / isako ('mUkamATI') par3hate samaya aisA hI AbhAsa hotA hai| jaise hama kahIM speza meM jA rahe hoN| z2amIna para ekadama paira nahIM ttikte| una jaisI hI hamArI upalabdhi hai| aura kucha pUchanA hai kisI ko ? isameM 'prAsa' bahuta Ate haiN| zabdoM kI krIr3A, anuramaNa, usakA jo hai avalor3ana''to kyA ye saba sahaja rUpa se huA yA Apa kahIM-kahIM jAna-bUjha kara le Ae haiM ? A. vi.- arthAbhivyakti acchI ho to usake lie koI vizeSa mehanata nahIM karanI pdd'tii| pra. mA.- zabdAdhikAra bahuta haiM isameM / zabda aura artha ko Apa kaise mAnate haiM ? zabda pahale AtA hai Apake mana meM yA artha pahale AtA hai ? A. vi.- hama to bhAva se jJAna kI ora, matalaba bodha se zabda kI ora bar3hate haiN| hamArI kavitA kI yAtrA hamezA bhItara se bAhara kI ora hotI hai| pra. mA. - to zabda kahA~ haiM- bAhara haiM, bhItara haiM yA bIca meM haiM ? A. vi.- bhAva bhItara haiM aura unheM zabda ke Alambana ke lie bAhara AnA par3atA hai| pra. mA. - kabhI Apako aisA nahIM lagA ki kisI zabda ke lie Apako rukanA par3A ho ? A. vi.- nahIM, nhiiN| apane bhAva ke sAtha jaba zabda jur3atA hai taba bahuta bhArI ho jAtA hai / taba apane cintana ke lie koI kSati nahIM pahu~catI aura zabda apane Apa milate cale jAte haiN| isa kI ('mUkamATI') eka vizeSatA ki hamane rAta meM kabhI bhI nahIM likhA, cintana ke uparAnta dina meM hI likhaa| pra. mA.- itanA bar3A jo 'abhidhAna rAjendra koza' unhoMne banAyA, vo bhI rAta ko syAhI ko sukhAkara rakha dete the| dina-dina meM smRti se likhate the| yaha 'mUkamATI' bhI bahuta adbhuta kAvya hai, kyoMki aura kisI jaina muni ne aisA mahAkAvya likhA ho, dhyAna meM nahIM AtA / isa taraha ke amUrta viSaya para kisI ne kArya kiyA ho, aisA bhI dhyAna meM nahIM aataa| yaha bahuta Adhunika hai mere mata se, kyoMki ye vijJAna ke lie bhI prerita karatA hai / Aja vijJAna kI jo khir3akiyA~ khula rahIM haiM, vibhinna vidvAn likha rahe haiM- 'DaoNnsa oNpha zivA' Adi videzoM meM jo loga haiM vo isI tarapha A rahe haiM , isI bhAratIya manISA kA jo carama bindu hai / sAre bhautikavAdI cintana, sAre dvandvAtmaka cintana sImita ho gae haiM, ve bhI dhIre-dhIre vahIM para A rahe haiM usI bindu para / usakI ora hI saMketa karatA hai ye grantha / isIliye maiM isako 'fyUcara popaeNTrI' yAnI bhaviSyavAdI kAvya, jaisA ki aravinda ne kahA hai, ise bahuta acchA dizAdarzaka mAnatA hU~ / anya kaviyoM ke lie bhI ye bahuta preraNAdAyaka grantha hai|
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________________ AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ke caraNa-sAnnidhya meM' mUkamATI-mImAMsA' ke sampAdaka AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI
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________________ pAtanikI AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI (ka) prastuta kRti para Amantrita samIkSAe~ aura unakI samIkSA T Alocya saMkalana meM anekavidha samIkSAe~ haiM / lekhaka yA samIkSaka kazmIra se kerala aura gujarAta se guvAhATI taka ke haiM, isIlie ye samIkSAe~ apane meM vividhatA lie huI haiN| vividhatA AkAragata bhI hai aura Antarika kathya yA vivecyagata bhI / katipaya samIkSAe~ bRhadAkAra haiM aura katipaya sammatyAtmaka patra qisma kI / ekAdha samIkSaka to aise bhI haiM jinhoMne kaI (cAra) adhyAya kI pustaka hI likha dI hai aura eka vidvAn se bhUmikA bhI likhavA lI hai / socA isI meM chapa jAyagI / sampAdana ke krama meM aise prayAsoM ko anyathA AkAra dekara use pRthak kRti hone ke bhrama se bacA liyA gayA hai| aise vidvAnoM ke bhI nibandha haiM jinhoMne svatantra pustaka chapavA lI hai para usI pustaka se kucha lekara granthopayogI svatantra AkAra de diyA hai / adhikAMza lekhoM meM Alocya kRti kI kathAvastu kA sArAMza prastuta kara apanI pratikriyA katipaya muddoM para de hai| kucha samIkSAe~ zraddhAtireka se ApAdamastaka-sikta haiM to katipaya aisI bhI haiM jinameM adhika zrama doSodghATanaparaka hI huA hai, yaha avazya hai ki aisI samIkSAe~ kama haiN| paricayollekhapUrvaka gambhIra pratikriyA prastuta karane vAle nibandhoM kI saMkhyA upasthApakoM kI prAtibhakSamatA ke anurUpa anupAta meM adhika hai| ekAdha stavaparaka padyabaddha prazasti bhI hai| saMkalana ke Arambha meM divaMgata bhUtapUrva sampAdaka DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave kI vArtA hai AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja se, jisameM preraNAsrota se lekara prakriyA aura kathya ke aneka muddoM para vimarza hai / apane antaraMga meM ekAdha nibandha mahArAjazrI kA bhAvapravaNa jIvanavRtta prastuta karatA hai to vaise hI ekAdha unakA kartRtva bhI nirUpita karatA hai / saMkalana kI samagratA ke qhyAla se ye samasta prayAsa mahattva ke haiN| cAhatA thA ki upasthApaka Alocya grantha kI kathAvastu kA anapekSita vivaraNa aura Avartana na karake usako buddhigata hI rakheM aura jamakara usake vibhinna pakSoM, muddoM aura binduoM para apanI vaicArika pratikriyA adhika deM, tAki pAThaka kI grantha viSayaka samajha vikasita ho / bRhadAkAra nibandhoM meM kaI eka apanA z2yAdA jhukAva usake saiddhAntika aura dArzanika pakSoM para aura kaI eka kAvyocita pakSa para dikhAte haiM / kucha mahilA lekhikAoM ke nibandha avazya aise mile haiM jo kevala nArI mahimA para granthakAra kI dRSTi kA pallavana prastuta karate haiN| kitane nibandha aise bhI haiM jo bhASA-zailI aura chandovidhAna ke vivecana para hI apane ko kendrita karate haiN| aise prayAsa adhikAMza nibandhoM meM kathAvastu kI AvRtti ko dekhate hue adhika saMgata lagate haiN| bhArata kI vibhinna bhASAoM meM nibaddha mahAkAvyoM kI tulanA meM Alocyagrantha kA vaiziSTya nirdiSTa karane vAle lekhoM kI saMkhyA kama hai - yadyapi bhUtapUrva sampAdaka DaoN. mAcave kA yaha saMkalpa thaa| samIkSA saMkalana ke lobha meM kucha lekha bahuta hI sAmAnya aura bharatI ke A gae haiN| Azcarya to taba hotA hai jaba bar3I lekhanI apane svarUpa kI rakSA nahIM karatI aura pratyAzita se anurUpa pratikriyA nahIM milatI / prasannatA kI bAta hai ki idhara kucha aise prayAsa avazya hue haiM jisase aura bhI gambhIra lekhanI sakriya hoM aura samIkSaka kucha anachue pahaluoM para gambhIratApUrvaka prakAza DAla skeN| prayAsa hI hai, saphalatA to sammAnAspada samIkSakoM kI anurUpa niSThA para nirbhara karatI hai| AcAryazrI kI prAtibhakSamatA kI jisa damakhama ke sAtha ekAdha sajjana ne truTiyA~ dikhAI haiM, usI damaqhama ke sAtha auroM ne unakI upalabdhiyA~ bhI batAIM haiN| mujhe isameM koI anaucitya nahIM lagatA ki samIkSaka jo bhI kahe vaha vastuniSTha paddhati para sAdhAra kahe / ataH aise niSThAvAn samIkSaka kI maiM prazaMsA karatA hU~ parantu kevala
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________________ xxvi:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA truTiyA~-truTiyA~ aura qhAmiyA~-qhAmiyA~ hI dikhAnA tathA upalabdhiyoM kI ora se A~kha banda kara lenA sarvathA anucita hai| doSajJa honA paNDita kA lakSaNa hai para mAtra utane ko hI apanI sImA banA lenA usakI saMkucita aura ochI manovRtti kA prakAzana hai / phira guNajJa aura guNagrAhI honA mUrkha kA lakSaNa nahIM hai, vaha sAkSara kA nahIM, sarasa kA lakSaNa hai| kAvyaprakAza'kAra ne kAvyalakSaNa meM jaba "adoSau..." kA samAveza kiyA, AcArya hemacandra ne jaba usakA praveza kiyA taba TIkAkAroM ne UrdhvabAhu ghoSaNA kI ki aisA lakSaNa yA to nirviSaya' hogA yA prvirlvissy'| abhiprAya yaha ki doSoM kA honA to nisargaprApta hai, sarjaka kI upalabdhi usake pauruSa aura pratibhA kA pramANa hai / vidvAn ko cAhie ki vaha doSoM ke sAtha usakI upalabdhiyoM kI ora bhI apanI dRSTi ko phere aura usakA bhI ullekha kre| aisA karane kA lAbha yaha hogA ki isa santulita prarocanA se jijJAsu pAThaka samIkSita grantha ke paThana-pAThana, manana, parizIlana meM pravRtta hotA hai, anyathA use aruci ho jAtI hai aura vaha pravRtta kI jagaha nivRtta ho jAtA hai| pariNAmata: sarjanA niSphala calI jAtI hai| kavitA-kAminI ke pAsa rasika sahRdaya bhI jAtA hai aura preta (samIkSaka) bhI / eka dulAratA, pucakAratA, apane anukUla banAtA huA usakA AsvAda letA hai aura dUsarA pretakalpa tArkika samIkSaka kRti ke bhItara ghusakara usakA prANa hI le letA hai| kahA gayA hai : "kAvyaM kavInAmupalAlayan hi bhuGkte rasajJo yuvatI yuveva / tAmeva bhuGkte nanu tArkiko'pi prANAn haran bhUta iva prvissttH||" kucha eka mitroM ne aise kArya meM pravRtta hone ko cApalUsI yA bhautika svArtha kI pUrti kA mAdhyama samajhA hai / samajha to samajhadAra ke saMskAroM se raMjita hotI hai, ata: usakI TippaNI jitanA svayam usa para lAgU hotI hai, sAmane vAle para nahIM / astu, aise apriya prasaMgoM ko z2yAdA jagaha denI bhI nahIM cAhie / tulasIdAsa ke zabdoM meM aise loga prathama vandya haiM tAki unake kAraNa satkArya se nivRtti na ho| aneka prabuddha sajjanoM aura manISiyoM ne apanI samIkSAe~ isa bRhat sArasvata yajJa meM Ahuti ke rUpa meM pradAna nahIM kI ki isase unakA vyaktivaiziSTya samaSTi meM tirohita ho jAyagA aura unake aham ko usakA prApya prApta nahIM hogaa| ve yaha kyoM nahIM samajhate ki ve jahA~ bhI raheMge apanA bhAsvara vyaktitva alaga se hI prakAzita karate raheMge, unakI paMkti alaga hI dUra se lakSita hogii| isase unakA ahaMkAra bhI vighaTita hotA aura samAja kI dRSTi meM unakA svarUpa aura mahAn ho jAtA / kisI ke sammAna se sammAnakartA kA aham choTA hotA hai, haivAna naSTa hotA hai, para usakA insAna samAja kI dRSTi meM U~cA uTha jAtA hai / santoM kI yaha praNAlI ki apanI ora se vinata raho, samAja kI ora se sahaja hI samunnata ho jAoge, kitanI sAttvika hai / gajAnana mAdhava muktibodha kA 'brahma rAkSasa' isa satya ko samajha kara bhI anadekhA kara detA hai| hA~, to kahA yaha jA rahA thA ki Alocya kRti kI samIkSA prakrAnta hai, ata: sarvaprathama yaha dekhanA hai ki Alocya kRti kI prakRti kyA hai, vaha vAGmaya kI kisa vidhA ke antargata A sakatI hai ? yaha zAstra hai yA kAvya yA zAstrakAvya / aneka samIkSakoM kI ApAtataH dhAraNA yaha mAlUma huI hai ki yaha kAvya hI nahIM hai, prabandha kAvya yA mahAkAvya honA to dUra kI bAta hai| (kha) Alocya kRti kI prakRti Alocya kRti para ApAtataH dRSTipAta karane para jaina prasthAna kI mAnyatAoM aura siddhAntoM kI vibhinna pratIkoM ke sahAre unheM rUkSa upasthApana hI dRSTigocara hotA hai / unheM lagatA hai ki kAvya rasAtmaka vAkya hai, saMvedanA yA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxvii sarjanAtmaka anubhUti kA kalAtmaka udrekhaNa hai, jIvanAnubhUti kA kavitvamaya prakAzana hai, bhAvanAoM kA guNAlaMkAramaNDita bhASA meM prabhAvI upasthApana hai, pRthivI aura svarga kA madhumaya milana hai tathA aura bhI kucha lokottara hai| unheM isa racanA meM aisA kucha dikhAI nahIM par3atA / unakA pakSa yaha hai ki kAvya ke mUlabhUta kAvyopAdana saMvedanA kA ghaTaka dRSTi yA vicAra gandha kI taraha kAvya meM vyApta avazya ho, para taha meM nihita ho / yaha pakSa nissandeha yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai / (ga) bahiraMga sAkSya 'mUkamATI' ke 'mAnasa taraMga' (pR. XXIV) meM upasthApaka svayaM kaha rahA hai : "aise hI kucha mUla-bhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana hetu isa kRti kA sRjana huA hai aura yaha vaha sRjana hai jisakA sAttvika sAnnidhya pAkara rAgAtireka se bharapUra zRMgAra-rasa ke jIvana meM bhI vairAgya kA ubhAra AtA hai, jisameM laukika alaMkAra alaukika alaMkAroM se alaMkRta hue haiM; alaMkAra aba alaM kA anubhava kara rahA hai| jisameM zabda ko artha milA hai aura artha ko paramArtha; jisameM nUtanazodha-praNAlI ko Alocana ke miSa, locana diye haiM;...jisakA prayojana sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM praviSTa huI kurItiyoM ko nirmUla karanA aura yuga ko zubha-saMskAroM se saMskArita kara bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dekara vItarAga zramaNa-saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai aura jisakA nAmakaraNa huA hai 'muukmaattii'|" isa uddharaNa kI prazastiparaka uktiyoM ko haTA diyA jAya, kevala tathyaparaka uktiyoM ko dRSTigata kiyA jAya to mAnanA par3egA ki isa kRti kI racanA jinazAsana ke katipaya mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana hetu huI hai / isakA lakSya hai - yuga ko saMskAra denA aura vItarAga zramaNa saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA / azvaghoSa (saundarananda, 18/63) ke zabdoM meM, "ityeSA vyupazAntaye na rataye / " (gha) antaraMga sAkSya yaha to rahA bahiraMga sAkSya, yadyapi isa prakAra ke nirNaya para antaraMga anuzIlana se hI pahu~cA gayA hai / isa nirNaya se haTa kara kRti ke viSaya para sIdhe dRSTipAta kiyA jAya to usase bhI ukta niSkarSa kI hI puSTi hotI hai| kisI bhI grantha kA tAtparya spaSTa karanA ho to nimnalikhita dRSTiyoM se manthana karanA par3atA hai- (ka) upakrama (kha) upasaMhAra (ga) abhyAsa (gha) apUrvatAparaka phala (Ga) arthavAda tathA (ca) upapatti / Alocya grantha kA 'upakrama' hotA hai prAta:kAlIna pariveza meM saritA taTa kI mATI kA mA~ dharatI ke saMvAda ke sAtha, jisameM nitya 'sukhamukta' aura 'duHkhayukta' parasaMsargajanya vaibhAvika svarUpa para glAni ke A~sU bahAe jA rahe haiM aura 'sva-bhAva' kI upalabdhi kA mArga abhUtapUrva tar3apa aura vedanA ke sAtha jijJAsya hai / 'upasaMhAra' meM vRhat sattA mA~ dharatI kA pratisattA' arthAt upAdAnabhUta saritA taTa kI mATI kI mUrta sambhAvanA ghaTa' aura ghaTa kI sambhAvanA 'sRjanazIla jIvana kA vargAtIta apavarga' kI upalabdhi para santoSa hai| Alocya grantha meM ghaTa kI - jIvAtmA ke pratIka ghaTa kI apavarga nimittaka mahAyAtrA kA pracuratA se sAvaSTambha varNana hI to abhyAsa' hai aura isa mahAyAtrA kA gantavya apavarga' 'apUrva phala kI upalabdhi' hai / sthAna-sthAna para isa upalabdhi kI prazasti 'arthavAda' hai aura yahI sarvazreSTha hai, kI siddhi meM die gae tarka hI 'upapatti' haiN| ina saba tAtparya nirNAyaka kAraNoM se antaraMga parIkSaNa bhI siddha karatA hai ki granthakAra kA lakSya zreyaHprApti meM upayogI jaina prasthAna-sammatamAnyatAoM kA rocaka upasthApana hI hai| (i) pAramparika sAkSya jaina kAvya kI paramparA para apanA mantavya prastuta karate hue 'jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa'- bhAga 6 meM zrI gulAbacanda caudharI bhI kahate haiM : "jaina kAvyoM kA dRSTikoNa dhArmika thaa| jaina dharma ke AcAra aura vicAroM ko ramaNIya
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________________ xxviii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA paddhati se evaM rocaka zailI se prastuta kara dhArmika cetanA aura bhaktibhAvanA ko jAgrata karanA unakA mukhya uddezya thaa| usake lie unhoMne dharmakathAnuyoga aura prathamAnuyoga kA sahArA liyaa| jana sAmAnya ko sugama rIti se dhArmika niyama samajhAne ke lie kathAtmaka sAhitya se bar3ha kara adhika prabhAvazAlI sAdhana dUsarA nahIM hai|" abhiprAya yaha ki paramparA arthAt jaina kAvya paramparA kA sAkSya bhI yahI kahatA hai ki isa prasthAna ke prati samarpita jaina muniyoM kA lakSya vyutpatti' ke AdhAna para adhika hai, 'prIti' mAdhyama hai| brAhmaNadhArA ke zaiva AcArya abhinava gupta ne kAvya prayojana para vicAra karate hue 'AnandavAdiyoM' (prItivAdiyoM) aura 'vyutpattivAdiyoM ke pakSadharoM se ubharate hue antarvirodha kA samanvaya karate hue abhinava bhAratI' aura 'locana' meM batAyA hai ki vastuta: pariNataprajJa yA pariNatakavi kA mUla prayojana to 'prIti' yA 'rasa' niSpAdana hI hai / yaha bAta bhinna hai ki tadartha niyojita vibhAvAdi sAmagrI meM aucitya' kA samyak nirvAha honA caahie| yaha aucitya isakI parA upaniSad hai aura aucitya hamArI sampradAyAnumodita mAnyatAe~ hI haiM, jinase grAhaka loka meM apekSita vyutpatti' anAyAsa Ahita ho jAtI haiM / brAhmaNadhArA aura usameM bhI zaivAgamasammatadhArA vAsanAzodhana kI pakSadhara hai / vaha usameM bhI amRta kA anusandhAna karatI hai, usake mAdhyama se bhI zreyaskara gantavya para pahu~catI hai, jabaki zramaNa dhArA, vizeSa kara jaina prasthAna vAsanA kA damana yA kSayopazama karatI hai / ata: vaha use usa sAdhya sthAna para rakha hI nahIM sakatI, use pArzvavartI hI banAkara upayoga kara sakatI hai / phalata: yahA~ 'prIti' aura 'vyutpatti' meM vyutpatti para z2ayAdA aura pratyakSa bala rahatA hai, prItikara sAmagrI sAdhana hotI hai| yahA~ 'kAntAsammitaupadeza' kA svara mukhara hotA hai| ___Alocya grantha kA svara prabhAvotpAdana se adhika prabodhotpAdana hai / ghaTa kI AtmakathA ke sAtha calane vAlA vyutpitsu antata: yaha prabodha prApta karatA hai ki nimitta kI zaraNa jAkara sambhAvanAmaya upAdAna samarpaNa ke mAdhyama se apanI sambhAvanAoM ko upalabdhi kA AkAra de| isake sAtha-sAtha usakA bAdhaka kASAya zAnta ho zAnta kI niSpatti hogii| isa prakAra prItikara zAnta rasa sahAyatA karegA / zAstra kI apekSA isa aura isa taraha ke prabandha kAvya lakSya taka pahu~cAne meM saundarya pradAna kreNge| isa antaraMga evaM bahiraMga sAkSya aura paramparA ke AdhAra para vicAra karane se yaha spaSTa hai ki prastuta kRti 'zuddha kavitA' kI apekSA zAstra kAvya' hai| zuddha kavitA meM sAmagrI kI yojanA meM prItikara prabhAva utpanna karanA mukhya lakSya hotA hai, mAnyatAoM kI sugandha vyaMjanA se milatI hai| zAstrakAvya meM mAnyatAe~ saMvAda-vidhAna meM upadeza kA svara adhika pakar3atI haiM aura abhidhA meM hotI haiN| Alocya racanA meM saMvAdoM kI pracuratA hai, bhAva vyaMjanA aura varNanAtmaka prasaMgoM kI apekSAkRta kamI hai| isakI puSTi Age vizada vivecana se kI jaaygii| isa vivecana kA tAtparya kisI dhArA kI ApekSika zreSThatA yA a-zreSThatA se nahIM hai, yaha to apanI-apanI dhArA hai / isakA matalaba yaha bhI nahIM hai ki jaina kAvya paramparA meM premAkhyAnaka nahIM haiM yA ki usameM bhAva vyaMjanA aura varNanamaya racanAe~ nahIM haiM, nahIM; haiM aura khUba haiN| yahA~ jaina muniyoM kI kAvya paramparA kI bAta prakAnta hai / phalata: isa niSkarSa ko usI krama meM honA caahie| kSamatA alaga bAta hai aura kSamatA kA upayoga alaga bAta hai / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke prastuta prabandha kAvya kA Arambha hI dekheM - varNana hai, kAvyocita komala aura zRMgArika bhaMgimA hai, bhAva kA Avega hai, para mAnasika saMracanA isa kSamatA ko pUre ubhAra para nahIM laatii| 'sva-bhAva' kI prApti meM apekSita mAnyatAoM ko saMvAdAtmaka paddhati para rocaka kathA ke sahAre ubhArane kI ora unakI pratibhA kA saMrambha lakSita hotA hai / aisA karake jahA~ eka ora inhoMne apanI paramparA kA sAtha diyA hai, vahIM carita kAvya, purANa kAvya yA kathA kAvya kI paddhatiyA~ asvIkAra kara apanA akSuNNa mArga bhI nirmita kiyA hai| inhoMne 'kAmAyanI'kAra kI bhA~ti rUpaka yA pratIka kAvya kI paddhati apanAI hai / usakI apekSA isakA vaiziSTya saMvAdoM ke pracura vidhAna meM hai| niSkarSa yaha ki prastuta kAvya saMvAda pracura pratIka paddhati kA zAstrakAvya' hai| isa niSkarSa ke Aloka
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxix meM una logoM kA AkSepa bhI nirasta ho jAtA hai jo racanA ko mAtra saMvedanA kA hI mUrta rUpa mAnate haiM aura cetana pAtroM meM usakI pariNati dekhate haiN| 'mUkamATI' meM prasphuTita kavitva kA pUrvavRtta : kavitva kI vikAsa yAtrA (ka) prastuta kRti kI preraNA kA prazna bhUtapUrva sampAdaka DaoN. mAcave ne mahArAjazrI se apane vArtAlApa meM yaha jijJAsA kI hai ki mahArAjazrI ko isa taraha kA, isa paddhati kA, kAvya likhane kI preraNA kahA~ se milI ? merA khyAla hai ki isakA uttara mahArAjazrI ke taporata svabhAva meM hai, para-bhAva meM nhiiN| isake lie unakA taporata svabhAva aura usake anurUpa pUrva nirmita racanAoM kA gahana manthana karanA caahie| isase unake kAvya vikAsa ke sopAna bhI lakSita hoMge aura sAtha hI prastuta jijJAsA kA samAdhAna bhI nikala aaegaa| (kha) kAvya kAraNa kA upArjana sAkSAt vAgdevatA hI apanI parisphUrti kA mAdhyama kisI ko banAe~, yaha bAta bhinna hai, para sAmAnyata: nisargajAta pratibhAsampanna sAdhaka racanAkAra ko bhI apanI pratibhA ko abhyAsa aura vyutpatti ke zANa para car3hAnA hI par3atA hai / usakA bhI sAdhanA kAla hotA hai / mahArAjazrI ne '68 meM munidIkSA grahaNa kI aura sadguru zrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja ke caraNoM meM sAdhanAlIna ho gae / adhyAtma sAdhanA ke sAtha-sAtha sArasvata sAdhanA bhI calatI rhii| sAdhaka rAtoM-rAta kavi nahIM bana jAtA, usake lie bhI 'vyutpatti' aura 'abhyAsa' kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai / 'vyutpatti' rAjazekhara ke zabdoM meM 'ucitAnucita viveka mammaTa ke zabdoM meM loka zAstra, kAvya Adi ke avekSaNa se hone vAlI nipuNatA' athavA sAmAnya sAdhanA ke lie apekSita sadguru meM a-bodhapUrvaka zraddhA aura vizvAsa, Antarika AkarSaNa 'arjita bodha' kA hI nAmAntara hai| mahArAjazrI ne vyutpatti bhI prApta kI aura guru-caraNoM meM baiThakara abhyAsa' bhI kiyA, kAvyajJa se mammaTa ke zabdoM meM zikSA bhI lI, sIkha bhI lii| mahArAjazrI ne munidIkSA ke bAda se hI racanA kA zrIgaNeza yA zubhArambha kara diyA / guru zAstrodadhi kA ghana hai, ata: adhyAtma ke kSetra meM prasthAna sadguru ke prati zraddhA se hI sambhava hai| zraddhA meM bhI samyaktva kA AdhAna ho jAya, to sone meM suhAgA kI kahAvata bhI caritArtha ho jAya / santa sadguru kI pahacAna se hI vizvAsa aura vizvAsa se hI zraddhA hotI hai / adhyAtma jagat ke pathika ke ye hI zraddhA aura vizvAsa pAtheya haiM / adhyAtma rAjya kA yaha camatkAra hI hai ki a-bodha sAdhaka ko vizvAsa ho jAtA hai / sAmAnyata: kisI bAta para vizvAsa usakA rahasya jAna lene para hI hotA hai, para saMskAravAn ko a-bodhapUrvaka hI vizvAsa cetanA ke vyApaka aura ajJAta stara para hI ho jAtA hai| kAlidAsa ne kahA hai : "taccetasA smarati nUnamabodhapUrvam / " cetanA kA koI aisA stara bhI hai jo a-bodhapUrvaka [Unconcious state of mind] dezakAla se vyavahita satya kA sAkSAtkAra kara letA hai / saccA mumukSu vahI hai jisameM saccI mumukSA ho aura saccI mumukSA vahIM hotI hai jahA~ cetanA meM nairmalya ho / nirmala cetanA ke stara aise sAdhaka meM kAma karate haiN| phalata: vaha usa antarAtmA kI AvAz2a se paricAlita hokara a-bodhapUrvaka santa sadguru ko pahacAna letA hai, vizvAsa kara letA hai evaM zraddhAgocara kara letA hai| use yaha akAraNa kauMdha jAtA hai ki jJAna ke lie kahA~ jAnA caahie| sAdhanA jagat ke marmajJa abhinavaguptapAdAcArya ne kahA hai ki sAdhaka ko 'guro: gurvantaraM vrajet' yAnI eka guru se dUsare guru ke pAsa, jo pahale kI apekSA zreSTha hai, jAnA hI caahie| prasaMgAntara hotA jA rahA hai, mujhe kahanA yaha ki sadguru zrI jJAnasAgarajI ke sat nirdezana meM parA aura aparA-ubhayavidha vidhAoM meM kavi-racanAkAra muni zrI vidyAsAgara snAta hote cale gae aura antata: niSNAta ho ge|
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________________ xxx :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA (ga) kavitva kA prathama puSpa : 'guru-stava' mahArAjazrI muni dIkSA ke bAda antas meM sphurita bhAvarAzi ko bhASA meM bA~dhane lage, lipibaddha karane lge| sAdhaka kA apanA prasthAna mArga hotA hai, usake prati use niSThAvAn honA hotA hai| niSThA ke sudRr3hIkaraNa ke lie anya prasthAnocita cintana kA khaNDana bhI karanA par3atA hai / yaha khaNDana, khaNDana ke lie nahIM, pratyut apane prasthAna ke prati apanI zraddhA ke sudRr3hIkaraNa ke lie hotA hai / mahArAjazrI kI 'mUkamATI' kA 'mAnasa-taraMga' isa sandarbha meM ullekhya hai, jahA~ unhoMne apane prasthAna ke anurUpa na par3ane vAle 'Izvara' kA khaNDana kiyA hai aura sraSTA ke rUpa meM anAvazyaka batAyA hai| prasthAna mArga meM calane para anubhUtiyA~ ubharatI haiM, jisase sAdhaka gaharAI se jur3A hotA hai| isameM sArA zreya sadguru kA hotA hai / sAdhaka kA upAya usI ke nirdeza se caritArtha hotA hai, ata: eka tarapha zraddhA meM samyaktva kA AdhAna hotA hai aura dUsarI ora jJAna aura cAritra meM samyaktva kA udaya hotA hai / isa daurAna jo anubhUtiyA~ hotI haiM, eka santa use kAvyabaddha karatA hI hai, yaha usakI vivazatA hai| apane Ananda ko vaha kAvya ke mAdhyama se loka ko bA~TatA hai| isameM use Ananda milatA hai| isIlie santa likhatA hai-'svAntaHsukhAya', para usakA svAntaH sva-para kI saMkIrNa bhAvanA kA atikramaNa kara cukA hotA hai / ata: usakA svAntaHsukha sabakA sukha bana jAtA hai| to maiM kaha yaha rahA thA ki sAdhanA ke daurAna sabase pahale jisake prati zraddhA kA udaya hotA hai, apane vAkpuSpa vaha usI ko car3hAtA hai| mahArAjazrI ne bhI yahI kiyaa| inakI pahalI mudrita/upalabdha racanA guru vandanA hI hai / 1971 meM likhita isa guruvandanAmaya kAvya kI saMjJA dI gaI -'AcAryazrI 108 zAntisAgarajI mahArAja ke pAvana caraNAravinda meM hArdika zraddhAMjali / ' sAdhaka apanI sAdhanA ko loka meM ujAgara karate hue lokamAnyatA kI havA se Darate haiN| eka santapravara ne kahA hai :"lokamAnyatA anala-sama kara tapa kAnana dAhu"- loka prazaMsA vaha Aga hai jo tapa ke udyAna ko bhasma kara DAlatI hai / mahArAjazrI bhI kahate haiM: _ "lokaiSaNa kI cAha nA, sura-sukha kI nA pyAsa / vidyAsAgara basa banU~, karUM sva-pada meM vAsa // " (sunIti-zataka) isalie mahArAjazrI use prakAza meM nahIM lAte the, para unake bhakta zrAvakoM ne vaisA nahIM hone diyA, prakAza meM lA hI diyA / phira to zrAvakagaNa ke sAtha mahArAjazrI ne bhI usa guru vandanA ke madhuragAna meM sahayoga pradAna kiyaa| stotra-kAvya kA yaha zubhArambha bar3hatA hI gyaa| mahArAjazrI kI zraddhAsikta pratibhA AcArya zrI vIrasAgarajI (1971), AcArya zrI zivasAgarajI (1971) evaM AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI (1973) para bhI umar3a kara kavitA ke rUpa meM barasa par3I / yaha krama bar3hatA hI gayA aura nityaprati nUtana bhAvabhUmiyoM para unakI pratibhAdevI car3hatI gii| isa pravAha meM bhAvanA bhI thI aura usameM sugandha kI taraha vyApta jIvana darzana tathA cintana prasUta mAnyatAe~ bhii| (gha) saMskRta bhASAbaddha zatakoM kI sRSTi __Alocya racanA 'mUkamATI se pUrva unakI darjanoM racanAe~ A cukI haiM - gadyabaddha pravacana bhI aura padyabaddha prakIrNa tathA prabandhAtmaka bhI / mahArAjazrI aneka bhASAvid haiM - saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, hindI, kannar3a tathA marAThI jaisI dezabhASAe~ to ve jAnate hI haiM, videzI AMglabhASA ke bhI acche jAnakAra haiN| ApakI racanAe~ prAkRta, saMskRta, hindI, baMgalA, kannar3a aura aMgrejI meM hI prAya: haiN| 'mUkamATI' (1988)* hindI bhASA meM nibaddha hai / usa taka kI prAtibha yAtrA * Alekhana prArambha - zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra pisanahArI kI mar3hiyA, jabalapura, madhyapradeza meM Ayojita grantharAja SaTkhaNDAgama vAcanA zivira' (caturtha) ke prArambhika divasa, bIsaveM tIrthakara munisuvratanAtha ke dIkSA kalyANaka divasavaizAkha kRSNa dazamI, vIra nirvANa saMvat 2510, vikrama saMvat 2041, budhavAra, 25 apraila, 1984 / zrI digambara jaina siddhakSetra nainAgirijI, chatarapura, madhyapradeza meM Ayojita zrI majjinendra paMcakalyANaka evaM traya gajaratha mahotsava ke daurAna kevalajJAna kalyANaka divasa- mAgha zukla trayodazI, vIra nirvANa saMvat 2513, vikrama saMvat 2043, budhavAra, 11 pharavarI, 1987 ko huaa| samApana
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxxi pUrvavartI aneka racanAoM se guz2arane ke bAda huI hai| saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha prAya: utkRSTa racanAe~ 'zramaNa-zatakam' (1974), 'bhAvanA-zatakam'(1975), 'niraJjana-zatakam' (1977), 'parISahajaya zatakam' (1982), 'sunIti zatakam' (1983) evaM inhIM pA~coM zatakoM kA usI kAlAvadhi meM hindI padyAnuvAda tathA 'zAradAstutiriyam' (1971) - 'paMcazatI' saMjJaka kRti meM saMkalita haiM / ina sabakA viSaya dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika hai, parantu abhivyakti zailI kAvyocita hai / arthAlaMkAroM se kAvyocita ramaNIyatA AtI hai, para zabdAlaMkAroM se vaha ramaNIyatA nahIM aatii| itanA avazya hai ki zabdAlaMkAravizeSakara yamaka, anuprAsa tathA muraja bandhAdi citra - kA sanniveza prayoktA aura grahItA donoM ke lie durUha hai / mahArAjazrI ne isa cunautI kA nirvAha kiyA hai / arthagata ramaNIyatA kI dRSTi se ise adhama kAvya kI saMjJA avazya dI gaI hai, parantu isameM racanA karane vAlA jAnatA hai ki usakA nirvAha kitanA zramasAdhya hai / ina zatakoM meM 'sunIti-zatakam' kI bhASA prAMjala hai para zeSa zatakoM kI durUha / zabdakrIr3A kI yaha pravRtti itihAsa meM pratyeka mahAkavi meM vidyamAna hai - cAhe vaha vAlmIki hoM yA kAlidAsa / mAgha aura bhAravi kI to bAta hI bhinna hai / paravartI racanAoM meM to pANDitya pradarzana eka pravRtti hI bana gii| mahArAjazrI kI ina racanAoM kA samAkalana stotrakAvyoM kI zataka paramparA meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| vaise ina racanAoM meM stotra kA hI svara nahIM hai, vibhinna aura bhI saMjJAnurUpa dhArmika, AdhyAtmika tathA nItiparaka viSaya bhI haiM / -- (Ga) hindI meM kavitva kA unmeSa aura vikAsa hindI meM racanAoM kA nirmANa assI IsvI ke dazaka meM Arambha hotA hai / Arambha hone ke bAda phira kabhI vicchinna nahIM huA, viparIta isake ki samRddha hI hotA gyaa| isa krama meM 'narmadA kA narama kaMkara' sambhavata: pahalA kAvya saMkalana hai / yoM to hindI meM racanAe~ pahale se hI prakIrNaka rUpa meM hotI A rahI thIM, para saMkalana ke rUpa meM yaha pahalA prayAsa hai / isake bAda ke adhikAMza saMkalana '84 meM yA usake bAda prakAza meM Ae haiN| ina saMkalanoM se guz2ara jAne ke bAda 'mUkamATI' ke AvirbhAva ke aneka sUtra - saMketa mila jAte haiN| aise saMkalanoM meM ukta saMkalana ke atirikta 'totA kyoM rotA?, 'DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI' tathA 'cetanA ke gaharAva meM' - kA vizeSa mahattva hai / vizeSa mahattva isalie hai ki eka to ye sabhI muktachanda meM nibaddha haiM arthAt ina racanAoM meM mahArAjazrI kA hAtha muktachanda meM ma~ja cukA hai| dUsare, ina racanAoM se isa savAla kA javAba bhI mila jAtA hai ki Alocya mahAkAvya kA viSaya 'mATI' jaisI upekSita vastu ko kyoM banAyA gayA ? yoM to hindI kAvya paramparA meM 'mATI' kA yazogAna aura usake sAtha 'kumbhakAra' kA sambandha pahale se hI milatA hai / udAharaNa ke lie kavivara harivaMzarAya baccana kI hI nimnalikhita paMktiyA~ lI jA sakatI haiM : " he kumbhakAra, merI miTTI ko / aura na aba hairAna kro|" (ca) 'mUkamATI' kI bhUmikA meM upayogI kaNa mahArAjazrI kI racanAoM meM bhI isake saMketa vidyamAna haiN| narmadA ke narama kaMkara para hI unakI dRSTi kyoM gaI ? kAraNa kyA hai ? asala meM lagatA hai ki vaha cU~ki svayam banane kI prakriyA meM haiM, calate jA rahe haiM : brahmacArI se kSullaka, ailaka, muni aura AcArya banane ke krama meM haiM, bhale hI ye brahmacArI se sIdhe hI muni pada aura bAda meM AcArya pada pratiSThita hue haiN| ata: unakA dhyAna sambhAvanAoM se maNDita sAmAnya padArtha kI ora hI z2yAdA jAtA hai| narmadA ke kaMkara banane ke krama meM kitanA saMgharSa jhelate haiM, isa saMgharSa ko jhelakara usameM zAligrAma kA sughara rUpa ubharatA hai, jo pUjya bana hai| maTTI meM kucha banane kI sambhAvanA nahIM hai ? zarta itanI hI hai sadhA huA zilpI mila jAya / kramAgata mahAkAvya zalAkApuruSoM kA yazogAna karate haiM, dhIrodAtta nAyaka-nAyikAoM kA yazogAna karate haiM /
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________________ xxxii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'narmadA kA narama kaMkara' se sAkSya mahArAjazrI ke kAvya saMkalana 'narmadA kA narama kaMkara' ke 'narama kaMkara' kI sthiti dekheM / vaha kyoM kucha kahane kI preraNA detA hai ? 'prakAzakIya' meM bAbUlAla pATodI kI sambhAvanA se maiM sahamata huuN| vaha bhI yahI uttara dete haiM : "aisA muni-kavi jisakI rAheM kA~ToM kI haiM, kaMkarIlI haiM, pASANI haiM, jise aharniza bhItara-bAhara calanA-hI-calanA hai, racanA kara rahA ho"- vaha aura kise pratIka banAegA ? vaha kahatA hai : "yugoM-yugoM se/jIvana vinAzaka sAmagrI se/saMgharSa karatA huA apane meM nihita/vikAsa kI pUrNa kSamatA sa~joye/ananta guNoM kA saMrakSaNa karatA huA/AyA hU~/kintu Aja taka/azuddhatA kA vikAsa/hrAsa zuddhatA kA vikAsa/prakAza/kevala anumAna kA/viSaya rahA vizvAsa vicAra sAkAra kahA~ hue ?/basa ! aba nivedana hai/ki/yA to isa kaMkara ko phor3a-phor3a kara/pala bhara meM/kaNa-kaNa kara/zUnya meM/uchAla... samApta kara do/anyathA/ise/sundara suDaula/zaMkara kA rUpa pradAna kara avilamba/isameM/ananta guNoM kI/prANa pratiSThA/kara do hRdaya meM apUrva niSThA lie/yaha kinnara/akiMcana kiMkara narmadA kA narama kaMkara/caraNoM meM/upasthita huA hai he vizva vyAdhi ke pralayaMkara/tIrthakara !/zaMkara !" racanAkAra sAdhaka hai| sAdhanA kAla meM usa para bIta rahI hai, vaha bAdhAoM se guz2ara rahA hai, parISahoM aura upasargoM se saMgharSa kara rahA hai, para vaha hatAza nahIM hai / kAraNa, use sambhAvanAoM para vizvAsa hai, apane prasthAna ke prati gaharI niSThA hai, vizvavyAdhi ke pralayaMkara, zaMkara tIrthaMkara ke caraNoM meM upasthita hai / tar3apa dikhAI par3a rahI hai, jo kahatA hai : "pAU~ kahA~ hari hAya tumheM, dharatI meM dhasauM ki akAsahiM ciirauN|" vaha bIca meM laTakanA nahIM caahtaa| kaMkara jaisA pratIka sAdhaka yA to ghanaghora tapasyA ke A~dhI-tUphAna meM ise ni:zeSa hI kara degA yA ise sundara, suDaula banAkara dama legA / adhyAtma ke pathikoM meM prajvalita yahI tar3apa, abhIpsA aura becainI usakA sAttvika pAtheya hai| spaSTa hI ukta racanA meM sAdhaka tapasvI apane ko ananta sambhAvanAoM se saMvalita kaMkarapatthara' hI mAnatA hai| sAdhanA belA meM aTUTa vizvAsa ke sAtha prasthita muni kI prAtibha cetanA meM - svabhAva meM - aise hI pratIka ubhreNge| jisakA uttara svabhAva meM nihita ho, usakA uttara 'vibhAva' meM kyoM DhU~r3hA jAya? isalie vArtAlApa ke prasaMga meM DaoN. mAcave dvArA uThAyA gayA savAla ki AcAryazrI ne 'mATI' kA pratIka kyoM liyA, yahA~ samAhita ho jAtA hai| isa racanA ke Aloka meM isa savAla kA bhI samAdhAna nihita hai ki prastuta Alocya kRti mukta chanda meM kyoM likhI gaI ? isa uparyukta uddhRta racanA meM jisa Avega kA visphoTa hai vaha 'mukta chanda' meM hI vyakta ho sakatA hai, isameM jisa snAyavika tanAva se unmukti kA ehasAsa hotA hai, vaha mukta chanda meM hI vyakta ho sakatA hai| jaba Avega nayA hai to vaha apanI abhivyakti kA rAstA bhI nayA hI banAegA / layabaddhatA honI cAhie, chanda ke kramAgata DhA~ce aparyApta par3a jAya~ to par3anA hI caahie|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxxiii 'DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI' kA sAkSya isa sandarbha meM DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI' (1984 meM prakAzita saMgraha kI 'DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI' kavitA) kA bhI anAyAsa smaraNa ho AtA hai / yaha atyanta bhAvAvegamayI dArzanika racanA hai| jisameM racayitA kA svabhAva bolatA hai, usakI aisI hI pariNati hotI hai / racanAkAra kahatA hai : "yaha bAta satya hai/ki/DubakI vahI lagA sakatA/jo tairanA jAnatA hai jo nahIM jAnatA/vaha DUba sakatA hai/DUbatA hI hai| DUbanA aura DubakI lagAne meM/utanA hI antara hai| jitanA/mRtyu aura jIvana meN|" DubakI lagAtA hai gotAkhora, gahare meM gaharI vastu kI upalabdhi ke lie, para yadi vaha tairanA nahIM jAnatA to lakSya prApti ke sAtha Upara A nahIM sakatA / tairane ke lie jaise Arambha meM tumbI jaisI kisI vastu kA avalamba Avazyaka hai / dhyAna bhI DubakI hai, para niravalamba / niravalamba samAdhi sAvalamba samAdhi ke abhyAsa se hI pAI jA sakatI hai| ata: sAvalamba dhyAna Avazyaka hai / tairanA jAnanA Avazyaka hai DubakI lagAne ke lie, anyathA sAdhaka DUba jAyagA / DubakI lakSya prApti ke bAda Upara uTha jAne ke lie lagAI jAtI hai / DUbatA vaha hai jisa para AvaraNa kA labAdA car3hA huA hai| tiratA vaha hai, Upara uThatA vaha hai jo AvaraNa kA nAza kara halakA ho jAtA hai| dhyAna isI halake hone kA sAdhana hai / yaha racanA bhI abhyAsI ke abhyAsarata svabhAva aura anubhava se phUTI hai, isIlie usameM prasAda, pravAha, Avega aura prAMjalatA hai / DubakI lagAne vAle ke lie tairanA jAnanA par3atA hai para DubakI lagAte samaya tairanA aura tairane kA abhyAsa ho jAne ke bAda sahAre ke lie gRhIta tumbI kA tyAga bhI Avazyaka hai, anyathA DubakI ke lie apekSita ekatAnatA pratihata ho jAyagI / sAdhaka ke lie lakSya prApti ke nimitta nirvikalpaka kA aura nirvikalpaka ke lie savikalpaka kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai, para ina sahAroM ko uttarottara chor3anA bhI par3atA hai| kAraNa, antata: ye bhI bAdhaka hI rahate haiN| abhiprAya yaha ki sAdhanA belA kI anubhUti kI ye racanAe~ sva-bhAva kA svAbhAvika samucchalana haiN| ye racanAe~ abhyAsa sAdhya yA sAyAsa nahIM haiN| 'totA kyoM rotA?' kA sAkSya AcAryazrI pratIka kI hI bhASA meM bolate haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki 'naI kavitA' bimboM meM bolatI hai, para rahasyavAdI rahasyadarzI pratIkoM meM bolatA hai| pratIka bhASA kI sarvocca zakti hai, usameM saMketa aura vyaMjanA kI asIma kSamatA hai / AlaMkArika bhASA se bar3I hai varNya kI svabhAvamayI bimbAtmaka bhASA aura usase bhI bar3I hai varNya-dRzya kI taha meM nihita adRzya ko sampreSita karane vAlI pratIka bhASA / AcAryazrI isI bhASA meM bolate haiM / dekhie 'totA kyoM rotA?' ('hindI divasa' - 14 sitambara '84 ko prakAzita saMgraha) meM saba kucha pratIka hI to hai / dAtA kA pratIka vRkSa, grahItA kA pratIka atithi kI pAtratA, inakA-unakA har3apa kara dAna dene kA dambha bharane vAle akarmaNya kA pratIka totA aura phala ko bandhana se mukti dilAne meM sahAyaka sapUta kA pratIka pavana / pAtra ke prati nirabhimAna samarpaNa bhI bandhanamukti kA eka upakrama hI hai / totA akarmaNya kA pratIka hai, ata: dAna kA marma samajha kara vaha glAni se bhara uThatA hai, rotA hai / use bhI vRkSa kI taraha taporata hokara saphala honA hai tAki satpAtra ke prati ni:svArtha Atmavisarjana kara bandhana se mukta ho ske| 'cetanA ke gaharAva meM" kA sAkSya pratIkamayI bhASA kA prayoga vahI kara sakatA hai jo 'cetanA ke gaharAva' meM utarakara anubhava ke ratna kamA cukA
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________________ xxxiv :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA / mahArAjazrI ThIka kahate haiM ki 'jahA~ na pahu~ce ravi, vahA~ pahu~ce kavi' / isake Age kA satya yaha hai ki 'jahA~ na pahu~ce kavi, vahA~ pahu~ce svAnubhavI' / yaha sva - anubhava 'cetanA ke gaharAva' se AtA hai / bAhara kA anubhava AlaMkArika aura bimbAtmaka bhASA meM ubhara sakatA hai, para 'cetanA ke gaharAva' kA anubhava pratIka bhASA meM hI ubharatA hai, ubhara sakatA hai| pratIka bhASA ke sAtha-sAtha zabdoM se krIr3A karane kI pravRtti bhI inhIM racanAoM se phUTatI lakSita hotI hai| vAlmIki, kAlidAsa aura bhavabhUti bhI zabdakrIr3A karate haiM, isake lie unakI racanAe~ dekhI jA sakatI haiN| dekhie, 'cetanA ke gaharAva meM' (1988 meM prakAzita saMgraha kI 'tuma kaise pAgala ho' nAmaka kavitA ) se yaha zabda krIr3A kisa prakAra apana mArga DhU~r3hatI hai : " reta retila se nahIM / re ! tila se / tela nikala sakatA hai nikalatA hI hai vidhivat nikAlane se / ... ye saba nItiyA~ sabako jJAta haiM / kintu hita kyA hai ? / ahita kyA hai ? hita kisa meM nihita hai kahA~ jJAta hai ?/ kise jJAta hai mAno jJAta bhI ho tumheM / zAbdika mAtra ! / anyathA ahita pantha ke pathika/kaise bane ho tuma / nija ko taja jar3a kA manthana karate ho / tuma kaise pAgala ho / tuma kaise 'pAga' laho ?" abhyAsarata jIvana hI racanA kA utsa uparyukta uddhRta racanA ko dekheM / zabda krIr3AmayI rekhAMkita paMktiyoM ko dekheM / kaha sakatA hai koI ki yaha zabda sAyAsa hai ! yahA~ akrIr3a paMkti se sakrIr3a paMkti svata: sphUrta hai / 'mUkamATI' kI kathAvastu, usakI pratIka bhASA aura usameM lakSita zabda krIr3A kA itihAsa eka krama se svayaM AtA gayA hai| 'mUkamATI' kI prakRti ke paramANu ina pUrvavartI racanAoM meM vidyamAna haiM / isakI AlocanA ke lie pUrvavartI racanAoM kA manana- manthana Avazyaka hI nahIM, anivArya bhI hai / isalie yaha pUchane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| prakAnta viSayavastu kI preraNA kA bIja kahA~ nihita hai ? sAdhaka ke abhyAsI jIvana meM hI usakA utsa hai| racanA AtmAbhivyakti hI nahIM, sampreSaNa bhI hai vArtAlApa meM DaoN. mAcave ne eka dUsarA savAla bhI khar3A kiyA gayA hai ki AcArya zrI kavitA ko AtmAbhivyakti mAnate haiM yA sampreSaNa ? para isakA uttara lene yA dene se pUrva pahalI jijJAsA para thor3A aura vicAra kara lenA caahie| 'mUkamATI' kA vikAsa unake taporata usa svabhAva se huA hai jahA~ ve saMgharSazIla haiM, mUlyoM aura mAnyatAoM ko jIte hue amUlyoM ke gurutvAkarSaNa se jUjha rahe haiM, tabhI 'narmadA kA narama kaMkara' niklaa| usI saMgharSa kA svara hai 'DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI' / paudgalika karmoM kA labAdA or3he rahoge to vaz2anadArI Dubo degI, ise pheMka kara halake bano aura tadartha DUbakara tira jAo, DUbakara mAnyatAoM aura mUlyoM ko jio / 'cetanA ke gaharAva meM' utaro / isa saMgraha meM bhI 'totA kyoM rotA ?' kavitA kA rahanA 'mUkamATI' ke vikAsa kI pUrvavartI bhAva zrRMkhalA kI karAmAta hai| mahArAjazrI jisakA pravacana karate haiM, use jIte haiM aura jise jIte haiM, anubhava karate haiM, use likhate haiN| isIlie vaha asarakArI hotA hai| usameM Ave jvAra-bhATe hote haiM, isIlie ve rUr3ha chandoM ke DhA~ce ko aparyApta pAkara tor3a dete haiM aura mukta chanda pakar3ate haiM / 'totA kyoM rotA ?' kA 'mUkamATI' ke sandarbha meM mahattva 'totA kyoM rotA ?' eka dIrgha pragIta yA lambI racanA hai| isameM 'mUkamATI' kA pUrvarUpa lakSita hotA hai| isameM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxxv bhI pratIka yA rUpaka paddhati para kathA hai aura kathA ke bhItara kathA hai, jinake sahAre jina-siddhAntoM kA AkhyAna hai| vizeSa smaraNIya yaha hai ki ye siddhAnta apanI prakRti meM sAmpradAyika hokara bhI sArvabhauma prakRti ke haiM, isIlie vaha sAmpradAyika racanA nahIM, kAvya hai / isameM bhI prakRti ke pariveza meM tapI dharatI para nagna-pAda AmrapAdapa khar3A hai, dAtA ke rUpa meM, pAtra kI pratIkSA hai / udyamI pathika AtA hai, para dAtA meM dAtA hone kA aham ubharatA hai jo ayAcaka pathika ko khaTakatA hai / vaha bhI mAna-sammAna ke sAtha dAna cAhatA hai| mokSamArga meM donoM kI vRtti bAdhaka hai| isa saMvAda - mauna saMvAda - ko vahA~ baiThA huA nissaMga totA sunatA hai, jo na upArjita phala kA dAtA hai aura na yAcaka / dAna kA phala pAnA cAhatA hai, para zramapUrvaka upArjana kie binA / nissaMga bhAva se jaba vaha apanI isa vRtti kA mAnasa sAkSAtkAra karatA hai to apane akarmaNya jIvana para glAni se bhara uThatA hai aura cAhatA hai ki vaha bhI zramI bane, tapasvI bane evaM phalopArjana kare / isa bIca phala meM nirahaMkAra AtmadAna kA bhAva jagatA hai / vRkSaputra suputra pavana kI sahAyatA cAhatA hai| use bhI pitA kI vRtti para kheda hotA hai / phala vRnta-bandhana se mukta hone kI kAmanA meM pavana kI sahAyatA prApta karatA hai aura sasammAna tapasvI pathika ke pAtra kA AhvAna karatA hai, phira jo mukti phala ko cAhie, vaha mila jAtI hai / eka pragIta meM yaha anyokti sUkti muktikA kI bhA~ti DhalI huI hai / kitanA kAvyocita kAvyarUpa hai ! anubhUti ke jala meM snAta hone se isameM prabhAvI prabodha-utpAdana kI kSamatA hai / 'mUkamATI' aise hI pragIta muktakoM kI pIThikA para AkAra pAtI hai| rAmacandra zukla ne kavitA kyA hai' zIrSaka nibandha meM prakRti ke aise ramaNIya vyApAroM se mArmika tathya nikAlane vAloM kI pratibhA kI prazaMsA kI hai / unhone jaise 'kAmAyanI' ko pragItoM kA samuccaya kahA hai, usI prakAra 'mUkamATI' ko bhI saMvAda-muktakoM kA samuccaya kahA jA sakatA hai - isa vyatireka ke sAtha ki una saMvAda-muktakoM meM ghaTa kI AtmakathA Adyanta sUtra kI bhA~ti anusyUta hai / isa prakAra DaoN. mAcave kI prathama jijJAsA sahaja hI samAhita ho jAtI hai| sampreSaNavAdI kA pakSa-AtmAbhivyaktivAdI kA pakSa samprati, dUsarI jijJAsA dekhI jAya / racanA AtmAbhivyakti hai yA sampreSaNa ? racanA kA sambandha cetanA kI ajJAta gaharAiyoM se jor3ane vAlA manovettA to yahI mAnatA hai ki racanA ho jAtI hai, 'kI' nahIM jaatii| vaha AtmAbhivyakti hai, eka visphoTa hai, jo cetanA ke ajJAta stara se hotA hai / jJAnacetanA ke stara kA ahaMkAramUlaka kartRtva yA to prasupta rahatA hai athavA samarpita hokara mAdhyama bana jAtA hai aura jo kucha honA hai, hotA rahatA hai / dUsarA pakSa mAnatA hai ki cetanA kA utsa samAja hai / vaha samAja meM sattA kA AsAdana karatI hai aura jisa 'bhASA' kA sahArA pakar3atI hai, vaha samAja kI hI dena hai| ata: sampreSaNa bhI racayitA ke svabhAva meM hai| usakA 'sva' itanA vikasita aura vyApaka hai ki usameM samasta 'para' samAhita haiN| racayitA kA vyaktihRdaya lokahRdaya hotA hai, usakI nijI anubhUti meM sarvasAmAnya kI hissedArI hotI hai / isIlie kahatA hai vaha svAntaH sukhAya', para nimagna hotA hai sArA loka / saMskAra pAtA hai sArA pAThaka smaaj| anekAntavAdI samanvayI dRSTi racayitA ke hRdaya kA bhAra tabhI utaratA hai jaba vaha auroM meM saMvAda pAtA hai| matalaba prayojana kI dRSTi se 'prIti' aura 'vyutpatti' kI bhA~ti 'AtmAbhivyakti' aura sampreSaNa meM bhI Atyantika virodha nahIM hai / AtmAbhivyakti sAmAjika kriyA hai aura sAmAjika meM hI caritArtha hotI hai| ata: AtmAbhivyakti kahIM mUla meM hI sampreSaNa hai, sambodhya ke lie hai| loka usake lakSya meM ajJAtabhAva se hI sahI, avazya vidyamAna hai| mahArAjazrI loka-maMgala kI bhAvanA se to paricAlita haiM hI, una siddhAntoM ko jiyA hai unhone, ata: anubhUti paricAlita bhI haiN| "prakhara cintakoM dArzanikoM/tattva-vidoM se bhI aisI/anubhUti-paraka paMktiyA~ prAya: nahIM milatI jo/Aja agni se sunane miliiN|" (pR. 287)
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________________ xxxvi :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA svAnubhUti kA prakAzana yoM hI acchA lagatA hai - loka maMgala ho, isa kAraNa aura acchA lagatA hai| vaha sampreSaNa ke viSaya meM 'mUkamATI' meM kahate haiM : "vicAroM ke aikya se/AcAroM ke sAmya se/sampreSaNa meM/nikhAra AtA hai, varanA/vikAra AtA hai !/binA bikharAva/upayoga kI dhArA kA dRr3ha-taToM se saMyata,/sarakana-zIlA saritA-sI/lakSya kI ora bar3hanA hI sampreSaNa kA sahI svarUpa hai/hA~ ! hA~ !! isa viSaya meM vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki sampreSya ke prati/kabhI bhUlakara bhI/adhikAra kA bhAva AnA sampreSaNa kA durupayoga hai,/vaha phalIbhUta bhI nahIM hotA !/aura, sahakAra kA bhAva AnA/sadupayoga hai, sArthaka hai| sampreSaNa vaha khAda hai/jisase, ki/sadbhAvoM kI paudha puSTa-sampuSTa hotI hai|" (pR. 22-23) ina paMktiyoM ke Aloka meM lagatA hai ki mahArAjazrI kA sampreSaNa kI ora jhukAva hai / lokamaMgalakAmI meM yaha honA hI cAhie / zAstrakAvya meM sampreSaNa kI bhAvanA balavatI hotI hI hai / parantu sampreSaNa kA jo svarUpa uparyukta paMktiyoM meM vyakta hai, vaha starIya hai| usameM nikhAra ke lie vicAroM kA samanvaya aura AcAragata sAmya cAhie / lakSya kI ora ekatAnatA hI usakA sahI svarUpa hai / yaha vaha khAda hai jisase sadbhAvoM kI paudha puSTa-sampuSTa hotI hai| sAtha hI yaha ki sampreSya para hAvI hone se sampreSaNa kA svarUpa bigar3atA hai, phalata:use bhoga rUpa meM sahakArI hI honA cAhie / 'mUkamATI'- kAvyatva aura kAvyarUpa uparyukta vivecana ke Aloka meM spaSTa hai ki prastuta racanA loka-maMgala kI bhAvanA se likhI gaI hai| isameM una mUlyoM kA saMvAdoM dvArA upasthApana hai jo mAnava ko 'vibhAva' se 'sva-bhAva sAkSAtkAra kI dizA meM le jAte haiN| mahArAjazrI ne ina mUlyoM ko jiyA hai / ata: unheM sampreSaNa hI nahIM, svAnubhUti kA rasa bhI 'svAntaH sukhAya' paricAlita karatA hai| isa paddhati se sampreSaNa ke bIja unakI pUrvavartI racanAoM meM lakSita hote haiN| usI kA yaha prabandha kI dharA para sahaja vikAsa hai| isameM AtmAbhivyakti bhI hai aura sampreSaNa bhI, svAnubhUti kA ullAsa bhI paricAlaka hai aura loka-maMgala kI kAmanA bhii| mahAkAvyoM meM mUlyagAna kI paramparA ____Upara yaha mAnyatA rakhI gaI hai ki prastuta racanA zuddha kavitA nahIM, zAstrakAvya hai / sahRdaya AcAryoM kI dhAraNA hai ki vastuta: kAvya saMvedanA kA samucchalana hai / AdikAvya rAmAyaNa kI racanA prakriyA kA vizleSaNa karate hue Anandavarddhana aura abhinavaguptapAdAcArya ne kAvya ko sarjanAtmaka anubhUti kA hI rUpAntaraNa mAnA hai, zAstrIya mAnyatAoM kA rocaka upasthApana mAtra nahIM; go ki vAlmIki ne apane mahAkAvya kI racanA ke upayukta nAyaka kI talAza meM nArada ke sAmane jo mAnadaNDa rakhe the, ve mAnava mUlyoM ke hI the| una mUlyoM se maNDita nAyaka ke jIvana ke kalAtmaka udrekhaNa ke vyAja se maharSi una mUlyoM kA hI gAna karanA cAhatA hai| mahAbhArata ke bhI Adi, anta aura madhya meM bhagavAn vAsudeva hI vidyamAna mahAkAvya kI do dhArAe~ jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai, samasyA kAvyasAmagrI ke saMyojana meM die gae balAbala kA hai / koI rasAtmaka prabhAva ko kendra meM rakha kara usake anurUpa samucita sAmagrI kA saMyojana karegA jabaki dUsarA mUlyoM ke rocaka DhaMga se
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxxvii upasthApana meM ruci pradarzita karegA / anubhUti aura mUlya yojanA donoM hI dhArAoM meM hai| prathama dhArA meM sthAyI kA cetana Azraya meM vidhAna hogA aura hRdaya jagat ke bhAvoM kI U~cAiyA~, gaharAiyA~, vividhatA aura vyApakatA prabhAvI hoMgI, mUlya carcA AnuSaMgika aura dUsarI dhArA meM yaha saba abhivyakti paddhati meM A jAyagA, kathya kA svara upadezaparaka hogaa| yahA~ sAdhanArata muni apane jIvana krama se prerita hokara sambhAvanAoM ko 'upalabdhi' kI maMz2ila kI yAtrA karA rahA hai jabaki pahalI dhArA meM upalabdhi banI mahAn AtmAoM kI rasamaya jIvanagAthA prastuta kI jAtI hai / sambhAvanAe~ upalabdhi banatI haiN| mUlyoM ke prati AsthAvAn hokara unheM jIne se lakSya kI prApti hotI hai / sambhAvanA pratisattA meM vidyamAna hai / isake lie pratIka kA mAdhyama grahaNa karanA kAvyocita saraNi hai / prastuta yA pradhAna cetana mAnava hI hai, para vyaMjanA se usakI kathA aura bhI prabhAvI tathA kAvyocita hai| 'mUkamATI'kA kavi-yuga kA kavi saritA-taTa kI mUkamATI asIma sambhAvanAoM se saMvalita hai, bhale hI vaha pada dalita, upekSita aura nagaNya lagatI ho / isameM prastuta nagaNya mAnava hI hai, jo apanI UrdhvagAmI aparimeya sambhAvanAoM meM gaNanIya hai / ata: isake kAvyatva para a~gulI uThAnA asahRdayatA hogii| dUsare Aja kA takAdA bhI avAma ko uThAne kA hai| pahale maMca para glaimara (udAtta) abhinIta hotA thA, Aja maMca para sAmAnya z2iMdagI abhinIta hotI hai / pahale upalabdhi kA yazogAna hotA thA, Aja sambhAvanAoM kA saMgharSa gAyA jAtA hai / sAdhanA aura saMgharSa jitanA sambhAvanA ko upalabdhi banane meM sahaja aura preraNAprada hai, utanA ulaTe rAste calakara nahIM / carita kAvyoM aura purANa kAvyoM meM bhI saMgharSa hai, para donoM kA yuga-bheda hai| eka saMgharSazIla taporata muni apane yuga ke sAtha cala rahA hai aura sambhAvanAmayI virAT sattA ke beTe yA beTI kI kathA kaha rahA hai| usake kAvya kA viSaya virAT sattA hI hai / prastuta vahI hai, yaha to aprastuta hai / kAvya svarUpa viSayaka do dhArAe~ jo loga vividhavidha paristhitiyoM ke bIca cetana mAnava ko Azraya banAkara bhAvanAoM kA Avarjaka rUpa, usake jvAra-bhAToM ke kAvyagata kalAgata udrekhaNa ke pakSadhara haiM, unakA bhI eka pakSa hai, para unheM smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki Alocya kRti kA racayitA eka jaina santa hai, AdhyAtmika yAtrA kA kRtArtha pathika hai| usakI kAvya sambandhI avadhAraNA kucha aura hai, yaha nahIM ki vaha isase asahamata hai / paramparA meM pIche kI ora caleM, spaSTa hI kAvya kI do pratinidhi paribhASAe~ mileMgI- eka sAhityarasika AcArya kuntaka kI aura dUsarI adhyAtmarasika gosvAmI tulasIdAsa kI / kuntaka kahate haiM- vakrokti hI kAvya kA jIvita hai aura vakrokti prasiddhaprasthAnavyatirekiNI vicitra abhidhA' hai, vakrabhaNiti hai, parantu isa vakratA kA parama rahasya pratibhA nAma kI tIsarI A~kha se dRSTa varNyavastu kA svabhAva' nirUpaNa hI hai| sarjanAtmaka anubhUti kI cArutA ko sampreSita karane vAlA saTIka zabda hI kAvya hai / gosvAmIjI kA pakSa hai : "bhaniti bicitra sukabi kRta joU, rAma nAma binu soha na souu|" arthAt sukavi kRta 'vicitra yA vakrabhaNiti' hI kyoM na ho, para kAvya ke lie jisa taraha kI 'cArutA' kA honA Avazyaka hai vaha AdhyAtmika cetanA ke saMsparza ke binA sambhava nahIM hai / kAvyocita cArutA kA srota AdhyAtmika cetanA hai| hA~, vaha anubhUti ke stara kI ho, mAtra bauddhika stara kI nhiiN| racayitA ne use jiyA ho, tabhI usake zabdabaddha samucchalana meM pAThaka ko rasa AegA, usakA Anandavardhana hogA, jJAnavarddhana to hogA hii| racayitA bar3e AtmavizvAsa ke sAtha kahatA hai : "isa para bhI yadi/tumheM/zramaNa-sAdhanA ke viSaya meM aura
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________________ xxxviii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA akSaya sukha-sambandha meM vizvAsa nahIM ho rahA ho/to phira aba antima kucha kahatA hU~/ki,/ kSetra kI nahIM,/AcaraNa kI dRSTi se maiM jahA~ para hU~/vahA~ Akara dekho mujhe,/tumheM hogI merI sahI-sahI pahacAna/kyoMki/Upara se nIce dekhane se/cakkara AtA hai aura/nIce se Upara kA anumAna/lagabhaga galata nikalatA hai| isIlie ina/zabdoM para vizvAsa lAo,/hA~, hA~ !! vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI/avazya milegI/magara mArga meM nahIM, maMz2ila para !" (pR. 487-488) racayitA kI sAhitya viSayaka avadhAraNA ____ gosvAmI tulasIdAsa, jo nAbhAdAsa ke zabdoM meM kalikulajIvanistArahita vAlmIki ke hI, Adi kavi ke hI, avatAra haiM' kI paramparA meM muni vidyAsAgara kI bhI sAhitya svarUpa viSayaka avadhAraNA ko dRSTigata kreN| unakA pakSa hai - sAhitya sahita kA bhAva hai aura 'sahita' meM 'hita' nihita hai : "artha yaha huA ki/jisa ke avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava - sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai/anyathA,/surabhi se virahita puSpa-sama sukha kA rAhitya hai vaha/sAra-zUnya zabda-jhuNDa!" (pR. 111) racayitA 'svabhAva-sukha' ko sukha kahatA hai / vahI jIvanta aura zAzvata sAhitya meM vyApta sugandha hai jisase rahita hone para sukavi kRta bhaNiti 'vicitra' hokara bhI sArahIna zabda-jhuNDa hai| __ racayitA jisa zAnta rasa ko rasarAja mAnatA hai, use zabdabaddha kara rahA hai, para zAnta' kI pAryantika anubhUti vAgbaddha nahIM ho sakatI / usakI saMgharSamaya sAdhanAvasthA hI zabdabaddha ho sakatI hai / 'dazarUpaka' aura usake TIkAkAra dhanika dhanaMjaya kahate haiM : "na yatra duHkhaM na sukhaM na cintA na dveSarAgau na ca kaacidicchaa| rasastu zAnta: kathito munIndraH sarveSu bhAveSu zamapradhAnaH // "4/46 / / zAnta rasa AtmasvarUpAyatti hai, ata: svarUpata: vaha anirvacanIya hai, ata: usake upAya kA hI varNana aura AsvAda ho sakatA hai| prastuta kRti zAnta rasa kI saMvedanA kA rUpAntaraNa hai Alocya grantha meM zAnta rasa svarUpa 'svabhAva-sukha' kI maMz2ila taka pahu~cane ke lie saMgharSazIla, taporata sambhAvanAmayI mATI, jo ghaTa kA upAdAna hai, kI hI to AtmakathA kahI gaI hai / ghaTa kA upAdAna mATI mahAsattA mA~ dharatI kA hI aMza hai / isIlie racayitA sthAna-sthAna para dharatI ke vyAja se usa mahAsattA kA stavana karatA hai aura gagana se bhI adhika usa mAtA dharatI kI mahattA kA khyApana karatA hai / yahI virATa mAtR sattA hI isa kAvya kA varNya hai| jisa prakAra rAmAyaNa meM 'rAma, mahAbhArata meM 'vAsudeva' aura rAmacaritamAnasa ke Adi, madhya tathA avasAna meM 'rAma' kA hI yazogAna hai, usI prakAra yahA~ bhI mAtR sattA virAT cetanA - virAT sattA - vyApaka sattA ('dharatI' se vyaMjita prastuta) kA yazogAna hai| isa prakAra yaha pratIka kAvya hai, ghaTopAdAna mATI usI kA aMza hai / yaha ghaTa Izvaratva paryavasAyinI sambhAvanA vAle
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxxix sAdhaka jIva kA pratIka hai / isIlie vyAsa ne 'naratvaM durlabhaM loke' kahA hai| kavitva ke ucchalana kA srota-pratIka paddhati zAnta kA sthAyI bhAva zama yA nirveda hai jo samastatRSNAkSayasukhAtmA' hai| vAcya rUpa meM ghaTa se vyaMjita pratIyamAna taporata sAdhaka hI usa zama nAmaka sthAyI bhAva kA Azraya hai| kaMkara ajIva, karmamaya paudgalika para pratIka haiM, jinase sampRkta hokara jIva 'svabhAva' ko vismRta kie hue hai aura vibhAvAbhimAnI banakara duHkha bhoga rahA hai| mA~ dharatI kA honahAra patra ghaTa apanI mA~ se jo 'zrata' sanatA hai, AsthA kI nAsA se usakI pUrI sugandhi letA hai, aura taba khulA huA gantavya kA rAstA hI usakA zAstA bana jAtA hai, ghaTa kI pAtratA apanI adamya abhIpsA se AcArya kumbhakAra ko khIMca lAtI hai, jo nimitta bana jAtA hai upAdAna kI sambhAvanAoM ko upalabdhi banAne meM / tIsare aura cauthe khaNDoM meM varNita saMgharSa para dRr3ha AsthA aura vizvAsa vijaya pAtI hai| ghaTa to jIvana mukta hotA hI hai, AcArya ke prati AtmadAna karatA huA, usase jur3A huA seTha parivAra bhI du:kha saritA kA santaraNa kara jAtA hai| sabhI arihanta kA sAkSAtkAra kara lete haiM / yaha saba samasta tRSNA yA kASAyakSaya ke binA- ghAti karmakSaya ke binA sambhava nahIM hai / yahI samasta tRSNAkSayasukhAtmA zama kI zAnta meM niSpatti hai| 'kAvyaprakAzakAra kahatA hai : "syAd vAcako lAkSaNika: zabdo'tra vyNjkstridhaa|" (2/5) arthAt vyavahAra aura zAstra meM zabda vAcaka aura lAkSaNika hote haiM, parantu 'atra' arthAt kAvya meM 'vyaMjaka' hote haiN| isa prakAra vyaMjaka yA pratIka ko mAdhyama banAkara varNya kA upagUhana kavitva kA prabala srota hai| bhAratIya paramparA meM rahasya ke upasthApana kI yahI paddhati hai / kavitva ke itane bar3e srota ke jAgarUka hote hue bhI jinheM yahA~ kavitva lakSita nahIM hotA, unake viSaya meM kyA kahA jAya ? "nAyaM sthANoraparAdha: yadenamandho na pazyati / " 'locana' kAra kAvya ko lalitocitasannivezacAru' kahatA hai aura paNDitarAja jagannAtha 'samucitalalitasannivezacAru' kahate haiM / vahI zabdArthasanniveza lalita aura ucita hai, phalata: 'cAru' hai, kAvya hai, jo rasAnurodhI hai / lAlitya kA AdhAna rasAnurodha se hI hotA hai aura usI ke anurodha se aucitya kA nirdhAraNa bhI hotA hai| yaha lAlitya kAvya kI jisa bhAvaka bhASA meM hotI hai usameM rasa bhAvakatA kA AdhAna guNa aura alaMkAra maNDana se hotA hai / zAnta rasa hone se mAdhurya guNa to hai hI, alaMkAra kI bAta hama Age kareMge / alaMkAroM meM eka alaMkAra hai-'nirukti' jo vyutpatti mUlaka camatkAra kA mukhApekSI hai| yaha alaMkAra to racayitA kI pahacAna bana gayA hai| isa prakAra Alocya kati kI bhASA zAstrabhASA nahIM hai, vaha abhidhAtmaka nahIM hai / kahIM kvacit, vizeSakara jaba koI pAtra mAnyatAoM kA varNana kara rahA ho, to vahA~ kI bhASA abhidhAtmaka ho sakatI hai, para kRti ko usakI akhaNDatA meM dekhanA cAhie na ki kATakara ekadeza meN| sAhityadarpaNakAra ne kahA hai ki mahAkAvya kI AsvAdadhArA meM nIrasa prasaMga bhI sarasa ho uThate haiN| zama kI puSTi kahA jA sakatA hai ki jisa zAnta ko saMvedanA mAnakara prastuta kRti ko usakA rUpAntara kahA jA rahA hai, usakA sthAyI bhAva 'zama' cetana meM hI sambhava hai / ghaTa cetana kahA~ hai ? ata: zama kI sthiti na hone se zAnta kI saMvedanA acetana pAtra meM kaise rakhI jA sakatI hai ? uttara meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki ghaTa aprastuta hai / prastuta to sAdhaka jIvAtmA hI hai, jo zAnta kI sthiti meM pahu~cane ke lie zama yA nirveda kA antas meM avasthAna karatA hai| Arambha meM hI vaha mA~ dharatI
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________________ xl:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA se apanI vyathA-kathA prastuta karatA hai / usameM viSaya ke prati virAga bhAva hI to hai / svarUpAyatti lakSaNa zAnta kI sthiti meM jAne kI adamya abhIpsA kA iz2ahAra karatA hai sambhAvanA ke rUpa meM 'mATI' meM nihita ghaTa / mATI kahatI hai : " isa paryAya kI / iti kaba hogI ? / isa kAyA kI cyuti kaba hogI ? /batA do, mA~ ise !" (pR. 5) kRti ke anta meM vahI mA~ sattA 'zAnta' rasa meM pratiSThita ghaTa sAdhaka ko sambodhita karatI huI kahatI hai : "... so / sRjanazIla jIvana kA / vargAtIta apavarga huA / " (pR. 483) niSkarSa yaha ki Alocya kRti meM kavitva ke vibhinna srota vidyamAna haiN| yaha avazya hai ki yaha santoM kA kAvya hai jahA~ mUlyagAna kI cetanA ugra rahatI hai, AdhyAtmika cetanA kI sugandha Adyanta vyApta rahatI hai, vahI 'hita' hai, usase yukta arthAt 'sahita' kA hI bhAva yahA~ sAhitya kI apekSita zarta hai / rasarAja se bhinna zAntetara rasa kI pAryAntika anubhUti sambhava hai / ata: jisa prakAra vibhAvAdi samagra aMgoM kI yojanA prItyutpAdaka DhaMga se vahA~ sambhava hai, vaisA zAnta rasa ko aMgI banAkara nahIM / yahA~ upAya kA hI varNana sambhava hai, jaisA ki dhanaJjaya ne 'dazarUpaka' meM kahA hai| dUsare zailI - vijJAna kahatA hai ki a-kAvyabhASA se kAvyabhASA ke vyAvartaka cAra lakSaNa haiM : 1. vicalana (Deviation) (vipathana bhI) 2. sAdRzya (Analogy) 4. samAntaratA (Foregrounding) 3. cayana (Selected Word) (upayukta zabda) zailI vijJAna kA sAkSya 'mUkamATI' kI bhASA meM 'ghaTa' ko jIvAtmA kA pratIka banAkara Adyanta eka kathA prastuti 'vicalana' kA hI udAharaNa hai| paramparA meM aisA kahIM nahIM milatA, vizeSakara jaina muniyoM kI prabandha kAvya paramparA meM / naI upalabdhi ke lie purAne ko tor3anA bhI racanA kI eka viziSTa upalabdhi hai / prakIrNaka rUpa meM bhASA para vicAra karate hue Age isa yA ina binduoM para adhika kahA jAyagA / sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAroM kA svata:sphUrta viniyoga 99 .. prAcIna zabdAvalI meM yaha 'samucitalalitasannivezacAru' kAvyabhASA se maNDita hone ke kAraNa ise 'kAvya' kahane meM mujhe koI Apatti pratIta nahIM hotii| jisa rocaka aura ramaNIya bhASA meM anubhava kI abhivyakti yahA~ hai, hai vaisI bhASA meM kisI zAstra kI saMracanA ? kahIM kahIM to aise 'apRthagyatnanirvatya' alaMkAroM kA pravAha uphana par3A hai ki 'kAdambarI' kI mahAzvetA ke vilApa kI bhASA yAda A jAtI hai| isa sandarbha meM antima khaNDa kA vaha prasaMga dekhA jA sakatA hai, jisameM "ghara kI ora jA rahA seTha' ' (pR. 350 se 352 taka) kI dazA kA vivaraNa dene ke lie aprastutoM kI mAlA uphana par3I hai| tIsare khaNDa ke saMvAda ko par3heM to usake pIche nihita bhAva-pravAha kA Avega bhAvamagna kara detA hai| dRzyakAvya kI apekSA mahAkAvya kI saMracanA zithila hotI hai| usameM prasaMgavaza samAgata sandarbha anapekSita vistAra pA jAte haiM / anupAta meM svalpa zabda krIr3A yA saMkhyA krIr3A se samagra prabandha adhama koTi kA yA prahelikAprAya ho jAyagA ? mujhe aisA nahIM lagatA / 'laganA' hai bhI AtmaniSTha pratikriyA / sabakA 'laganA' alaga-alaga hotA hai| hA~, 'laganA' se 'honA' avazya bhinna hai / kAvyarUpa kA vicAra - mahAkAvya kavitva yA kAvya kI prakRti kI dRSTi se dekha lene ke bAda samprati 'mahAkAvya' ke nikaSa para isakI parIkSA kI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xli jAnI cAhie / aneka samIkSakoM ne ise jaise-taise 'kAvya' to mAna liyA hai, parantu 'mahAkAvya' nahIM mAnA hai / nizcaya hI una samIkSakoM ke mAnasa para jo mAnadaNDa aMkita haiM, ve pAramparika mahAkAvyoM se nirgata sA~ce yA lakSaNa haiN| jayazaMkara prasAda kI 'kAmAyanI' ko lekara bhI aisI hI kazamakaza calI thii| AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne to usake prabandhatva para hI prahAra kiyA hai aura use pragItoM kA samuccaya ghoSita kara diyA hai / paNDita vizvanAtha prasAda mizra ne use 'ekArtha kAvya' 'kahA hai, parantu DaoN. nagendra ne usameM nihita 'mahattva' aura 'kAvyatva' ko dekhakara, vibhinna ghaTakoM meM nihita audAttya ko dekhakara use chAyAvAdI paddhati kA mahAkAvya kahA hai| pracalita maMcoM para apane nATakoM ko anabhineya ghoSita karane vAloM se prasAdajI ne kahA thA ki nATaka ke lie maMca banAyA jAnA cAhie, na ki maMcoM ke bane-banAe DhA~coM ke anurUpa nATaka banAe jAne caahie| yadi pUrva pracalita sA~coM meM hI sarjanA simaTa kara raha jAya to usakI pragi prakAra sambhava hai ? ataH samucita yahI hai ki pAramparika sA~ce ko tor3a kara yugIna saMvedanA se paricAlita racanA meM yadi 'mahattva' aura 'kAvyatva' hai, to tadanurUpa nayA sA~cA bhI banAyA jAnA caahie| 'mUkamATI' ke mahAkAvyatva kI parIkSA svayaM usase nirgata mAnadaNDa para kiyA jAnA samucita hogaa| yaha kahanA ki isa prakAra arAjakatA phailegI, loga nae-nae sA~coM ke anurUpa mahAkAvya likhane lagege, to pahalI bAta yaha hai ki aisA ho bhI to sahI / 'mUkamATI' kI bhA~ti nae mAnadaNDoM vAlI racanAe~ mahAprANa racayitA hI kara sakate haiM, Ama AdamI se sambhava nahIM hai, phalataH arAjakatA kA savAla hI nahIM utthtaa| aise prayAsa sambhAvanAmayI racanA ke vividha AyAma anAvRta karate haiM / pAramparika sA~cA - mahAkAvya ke anivArya ghaTaka 'mahattva' aura 'kAvyatva' kaha sakatA hai koI ki isameM 'mahattva' aura 'kAvyatva' nahIM hai? kyA isa kAvya kA lakSya jo 'apavarga' hai, usase bhI mahattara lakSya ho sakatA hai ? kAvyatva kI bAta Upara kI hI gaI hai| 'tusyatu durjananyAya' se pahale pAramparika sA~ce ko hI leM / pAramparika sA~ce ke lie nimnalikhita upakaraNa apekSita haiM : I 1. isameM jIvana kA sarvAMgINa citraNa honA caahie| 2. isameM eka yA aneka nAyaka hoN| ve prakhyAta rAjavaMzI hoM aura dhIrodAtta hoM / 3. isameM maMgalAcaraNa ho / 4. ATha yA usase adhika sarga hoM / 5. divA, rAtri, parvata Adi kA varNana ho / 6. sarga meM eka hI chanda ho, para anta meM chanda parivartana ho / 7. sabhI sandhiyA~ hoM, phalataH prakhyAta yA loka prasiddha kathA ho / 8. vIra, zrRMgAra athavA zAnta meM se eka rasa ho, jo aMgI ho / 9. sajjana asajjana kI stuti aura nindA ho / ina lakSaNoM meM spaSTa hI do varga haiM - bahiraMga aura antaraMga / bahiraMga meM - (ka) maMgalAcaraNa (kha) sarga kI saMkhyA kA niyama ( ga ) chanda sambandhI niyama kA samAveza kiyA jA sakatA hai| 'kAmAyanI' yA 'priya pravAsa' meM maMgalAcaraNa nahIM hai / jina-jina mahAkAvyoM meM vastu nirdezAtmaka maMgalAcaraNa kahA jAtA hai, usameM koI Thosa pramANa nahIM hai / sarga kI saMkhyA 'rAmacaritamAnasa' para hI lAgU nahIM hotI / chandoM kA anta meM badalanA bhI aisA hI bahiraMga lakSaNa hai / antaraMga lakSaNoM meM navama ko chor3akara zeSa A sakate haiM / mahAkAvya kA lakSaNa 'sAhityadarpaNa'kAra kahatA hai :
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________________ xlii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "sargabandho mahAkAvyaM tatraiko nAyakaH suraH / sadvaMza: kSatriyo vApi dhIrodAttaguNAnvitaH / / ekavaMzabhavA bhUpAH kulajA bahavo'pi vA / zrRMgAravIrazAntAnAmeko'GgI rasa iSyate // aMgAni sarve'pi rasAH sarve nATakasandhayaH / ...kvacinnindA khalAdInAM satAM ca guNakIrttanam / ... sandhyAsUryendurajanIpradoSadhvAntavAsarAH // prAtarmadhyAhnamRgayAzailartuvanasAgarAH / sambhogavipralambhau ca munisvargapurAdhvarAH // raNaprayANopayamamantraputrodayAdayaH / varNanIyA yathAyogyaM sAGgopAGgA amI iha || ' 99 isa uddharaNa se nirgata Avazyaka - anAvazyaka ghaTakoM kA ullekha Upara kara diyA gayA hai / lakSaNa lakSya se nikAle jAte haiM, isIlie kAvyazAstra 'kAvyAnuzAsana' bhI kahA jAtA hai / yaha zAsana yA zAstra kAvyAnudhAvI hotA hai / zAstra 'zaMsana','zAsana' aura 'anuzAsana' - tInoM ke kAraNa bhinna-bhinna sandarbhoM meM paribhASita hotA hai / samprati Alocya kRti para pAramparika sA~ce ke ghaTakoM kA saMcAra karanA caahie| Alocya kRti kI saMkSipta kathAvastu pAramparika sA~ce ke anusAra kathAvastu meM AdhikArika kathA aura prAsaMgika kathAe~ hotI haiN| prAsaMgika kathA bhI prakAra kI hotI hai * patAkA aura prakarI / pahalI dUra taka calatI hai aura dUsarI alpadezavyApI hotI hai / isameM AdhikArika kathA usa mUkamATI kI hai jisameM ghaTa rUpa meM pariNata hone kI sambhAvanA hai / adhikAra kA artha hai - phalasvAmya- mukhya phala / yaha mukhya phala jise prApta ho, vaha adhikArI kahA jAtA hai aura isase sambaddha kathA AdhikArika hai| yahA~ mukhya phala hai 'apavarga, ' jise ghaTa prApta karatA hai| isa prayojana kI prApti meM netRtva yA prayAsa usI kA hai, ata: use hI adhikArI mAnA jAnA caahie| isakI kathA Adyanta calatI hai| pratyeka khaNDa meM usakI kathA pramukha hai / yaha bAta alaga hai ki avAntara prasaMga pracuratA se Ate haiM jisase mUla kathA kA pravAha bAdhita hotA hai| kathA ke pravAha meM sahaja hI prasaMgAntara kA phUTa par3anA eka bAta hai aura siddhAntoM tathA mAnyatAoM ke upasthApana ke lobha se prasaMgAntara bar3hAte calanA dUsarI bAta hai| yahA~ dUsarI pravRtti adhika lakSita hotI hai| grantha ke cAra khaNDoM meM kathAvastu vibhAjita hai : [ka] saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha / [kha] zabda so bodha nahIM: bodha so zodha nahIM / [ga] puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana / [gha] agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha / kAvya jaba apanI samagratA meM rUpaka, anyokti athavA anyApadeza kA bAnA dhAraNa karake AtA hai, taba aneka prakAra kI samasyAe~ uTha khar3I hotI haiN| 'kAmAyanI' ko bhI ina samasyAoM se jUjhanA par3A hai aura usakA kAvyatva vyAhata huA hai| sabase pahalI samasyA yaha AtI hai ki aprastuta AkhyAna kI prastuta vRtta para Adyanta saMgati kaise biThAI jAya ? kathAvastu kI parikalpanA meM racayitA ne apanA prasthAna pRthak kara liyA hai, parantu mAnyatAe~ kaise pRthak kara sakatA hai ?
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xliii 1 prAcIna yuga meM 'upalabdhiyoM para mahAkAvya likhe jAte the / kAraNa yaha thA ki taba vyakti 'upalabdhi' banakara hamAre sAmane vidyamAna the / Adhunika yuga ke buddhivAda ne hameM saMzayagrasta karake 'ajJa' aura 'azraddhAlu' banA diyA hai / ausatana hamArA adhikAMza a-niSThA prasthAna kA anuvartI bana gayA hai| Ama AdamI kI cetanA pUrI taraha kisI se nahIM jur3a pA rahI hai| isalie yaha yuga baunoM kA yuga kahA jA rahA hai| aise samaya meM cintaka kA dhyAna 'upalabdhi' se haTa kara 'sambhAvanA' para kendrita hotA jA rahA hai jo pratipadArtha aura vyakti meM vidyamAna hai / 'sambhAvanA' jaba 'upalabdhi' banane dizA meM agrasara hotI hai taba use mUlyoM aura mAnyatAoM ko jInA par3atA hai aura aise meM apamUlyoM se saMgharSa karanA par3atA hai| isa saMgharSa meM vahI vijayI bana sakatA hai jo dRr3haniSThA vAlA hotA hai| racayitA ne isIlie paramparA se haTakara apane kAvya kA nAyaka usa mUkamATI ko banAyA hai, jo pada dalitA hai, jisameM UrdhvagAmI sambhAvanAoM se bhare hue ghaTa ko anurUpa 'nimitta pAkara ubharane kI sambhAvanA hai athavA jisameM ghaTAtmaka pariNAma kI sambhAvanA hai / prasthAna pArthakya ke kAraNa utpanna samasyAe~ prasthAna pArthakya ke sAtha apanI bAta kahane ke lie racayitA ko anyApadeza kI paddhati pakar3anI pdd'ii| jainetara mahAkAvyoM meM una mUlyoM aura mAnyatAoM se maNDita nAyakoM kI kathA kahI gaI hai jinase vyavahAra yA loka aura samAja kA sandhAraNa hotA hai kintu prathamAnuyoga ke antargata pAramparika jaina racanAkAroM ne isase Age bar3hakara pAramArthika lakSya kI upalabdhi meM abhirata zalAkA puruSoM kA caritra citrita kiyA hai| prastuta grantha ke racayitA ne apanI paramparA se sampRkta rahakara bhI yugIna saMvedanA ke prabhAva meM mahAkAvya lekhana kI paddhati badala dI hai aura isase kaI kaThinAiyA~ bhI ubharI haiN| eka ora prAcIna aura pAramparika sA~ce ke saMskArI samIkSaka jhallA uThe haiM aura dUsarI ora sahAnubhUtizIla samIkSakoM ko bhI aprastuta aura prastuta ke Adyanta saMgati meM kaThinAI uTha khar3I huI hai| udAharaNArtha, pahale khaNDa meM hI dekheM- upAdAna kAraNa svarUpa 'mATI' meM vijAtIya kaMkara kA sAMkarya jaladhAraNa karane yogya ghaTAtmaka satpAtra ke nirmANa meM bAdhaka hai| ata: 'varNalAbha' karane ke nimitta 'sAMkarya' kA haTAyA jAnA Avazyaka hai| isalie nimitta banakara kumbhakAra zilpI ko yaha kArya karanA hI hai / isa anyApadezika AkhyAna meM 'ajIvagata' doSa kA aprastuta 'kaMkara' hai aura 'jIva' kA 'ghaTa', jo abhI 'mATI' meM sambhAvanA banA huA hai, AkArata : avyakta hai / kumbhakAra sadguru kA pratIka yA aprastuta hai, jo satpAtra ke rUpa meM 'ghaTa' kA nirmANa karatA hai / parantu samApana ke sandarbha meM vaha kumbhakAra apane ko RSi-santoM kA jaghanya sevaka mAnatA hai tathA kucha hI dUrI para pAdapa ke nIce pASANa- phalaka para AsIna nIrAga sAdhu ko iMgita karatA hai / ApAtataH sandeha hotA hai ki yadi ghaTa baddhajIva kA Arambha meM pratIka hai to 'dharatI' aura 'mATI' kisake pratIka haiM ? ve kisa prastuta kI vyaMjanA kara rahe haiM ? vAstava meM yaha zaMkA nirmUla hai| mATI to dharatI jaisI mahAsattA kA aMza hI hai aura 'ghaTa' usakA paryAya hai, bhinna nhiiN| vaha to mATI meM hI sambhAvita kI nimitta-sApekSa dazA vizeSa hai, bhinna nahIM / grantha 'mI' aura 'kumbhakAra' se zubhArambha jaina darzana kI 'upAdAna' aura 'nimitta' jaise usa siddhAnta ko Atmagata karake calanA hai, jisameM saMsAra ke kartA jaise pRthak Izvara kI parikalpanA kA niSedha hai / kathAdhArA varNana aura saMvAda ke sahAre Age bar3hatI hai| mATI kI abhIpsA meM itanA vaz2ana hai ki zilpI, jo sadguru kA pratIka hai, svayaM calA AtA hai / vaha karuNAsAgara hai / sAdhaka kI tar3apa use khIMca lAtI hai / nirmAtA zilpI kudAlI calAkara, mATI ko gadhe para lAdakara upAzrama meM lAtA hai, jahA~ mATI chAnI jAtI hai evaM kaMkara alaga kie jAte haiM / tadanantara kUpa se bAlaTI meM pAnI bAhara lAyA jAtA | bAlaTI jisa rassI meM ba~dhI hai, usameM granthi hai, jo prayatnapUrvaka khola lI jAtI hai| isase pAnI bharI bAlaTI sukaratA se Upara A jAtI hai| prathama khaNDa kI kathA itanI hI hai / samAdhAna yahA~ AzaMkA puna: zira uThAtI hai ki jIva vijAtIya ajIva paudgalika karma se AvRta hone ke kAraNa anAdikAla
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________________ xliv:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA se saMkIrNa svarUpa hai / zilpI isa sAMkarya se ghaTa ko alaga kara detA hai / phalata: vaha asaMkIrNa hokara zuddha varNalAbha karatA hai / isa taraha jaba vaha zuddha varNalAbha kara letA hai, taba lakSya prApti ho jAtI hai aura jaba lakSya prApti ho gaI taba kathA sUtra ko samApta ho jAnA cAhie / Age kI kathA kyoM bar3hAI jAya ? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki abhI AMzika mala hI samApta huA hai| kaMkara saMyoga vikAra kA hI pratIka hai| AMzika mala yA kaSAya abhI bhI zeSa hai jise tapa kI agni meM aura jalAnA hai aura jalane-jalAne kA yaha krama lambA calatA hai taba kahIM 'ghaTa' zuddha sva-bhAva meM pratiSThita hotA hai / ata: kathAsUtra ko AntarAlikasaMgharSa ke pratIka rUpa meM aura bar3hAnA hI hai| isa prasaMga meM 'saMkara' aura 'varNa' zabdoM kI taha meM eka aura artha kI jhalaka mila sakatI hai / 'saMkara' doSa kramAgata 'varNa-vyavasthA' meM 'varNa' se paraspara bhinna mAtA aura pitA se utpanna santati meM bhI hotA hai, jo usI janma meM nahIM haTa sktaa| isake lie janmAntara Avazyaka hai / ataH isa Azaya se grasta saMkIrNa varNavAdI ko Apatti ho sakatI hai ki usI janma meM zilpI ne mATI kA sAMkarya kaise haTA diyA ? parantu racayitA kI nimnalikhita paMktiyoM ke sAkSya para spaSTa hai ki usane 'varNa' zabda kA prayoga 'zIla' ke artha meM kiyA hai : " isa prasaMga se / varNa kA Azaya / na raMga se hai nahI aMga se / varan / cAla-caraNa, DhaMga se hai|" (pR. 47 ) sAtha hI 'saMkara' zabda para (ajIva) saMsargajanya vikAra ke artha meM prayukta hai / ata: santa - sadguru ke saMsarga se usakA nirasana sambhava hai / inhIM arthoM meM prastuta kAvyagata prayukta 'varNa' aura 'saMkara' ko lenA cAhie, na ki saMkIrNa aura nihita svArthI dRSTi se anya Aropita artha / zeSa kathAvastu dvitIya khaNDa meM zodhita mRttikA kA jala se, chAne hue jala se, secana hotA hai / rauMdI jAkara mATI loMde kA AkAra grahaNa karatI hai| loMdA cakra para car3hAyA jAtA hai aura ghaTa kA AkAra grahaNa karatA hai / isake bAda vaha tapana meM sukhAyA jAtA hai / isa tApa yA tapa se kucha vikAra aura bhasma hote haiN| tapasyA kA krama tRtIya khaNDa meM aura ugra hotA hai| yahA~ puNya kA pAlana aura pApa kA prakSAlana hotA hai| kumbhakAra haTa jAtA hai| prAkRtika upasargoM kI badalI, bAdala ke pratIkoM se ghaTa kI AsthA kI gahana parIkSA kI jAtI hai| AsthA ke dRr3ha hone se ghaTa DigatA nahIM / phalataH prakRti kI kucha zaktiyA~ bAdhaka banatI haiM to kucha sahAyaka bhI bana jAtI haiN| isa taraha usakI parIkSA hotI hai| zilpI isa parIkSA sAgara santaraNa se prasanna hokara punaH samIpa A jAtA hai aura use chAyA detA hai| ye sabhI vighna parISaha aura upasarga ke aprastuta vidhAna haiN| tapasyA kI parAkASThA, jisase mA~ dharatI kA bhI dila dahala uThatA hai, caturtha khaNDa meM AtI hai| niyama-saMyama ke sammukha yama bhI ghuTane Teka detA hai / nabhazcara aura surAsura bhI hAra jAte haiM / tapana se pratapta ghaTa aura paripakva ho gayA hai, para abhI vikAra aura zeSa haiN| avA kI Aga usake kASThApanna tapa kA pratIka hai jo sAre vikAroM ko sukhA DAlatA hai| kaSAya ni:zeSa ho jAtA hai / yaha tapa hI vikAra dAha meM kAraNa hai / kAraNa ko avyavahita pUrva, pratibandhakarahita aura sAmagraya sampanna honA cAhie, tabhI kArya hotA hai| tapasyA ina sabhI aprastutoM se samagra hotI hai| aba vaha pUrNa pakva hai| usameM aba (jaladhAraNa kI) pAtratA sahI arthoM meM AtI hai| sadguru ke caraNoM meM samarpaNa kA pUrNa bhAva A jAtA hai / 'svabhAva' meM pratiSThita ho jAtA hai aura taba usameM vaha ananta bala A jAtA hai jaba apane upAsaka ko bhI apane se jor3a kara bhavasaritA pAra karA detA hai| kahA jA sakatA hai: : " tairate tairate pA liyA ho / apAra bhava-sAgara kA pAra !" (pR. 298 )
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xlv 0"yU~ ! kumbha ne bhAvanA bhAyI/so, 'bhAvanA bhava-nAzinI'!" (pR. 302) yahIM pratipAdya ke samApta hone se grantha ko samApta ho jAnA cAhie, Age kyoM ? maiM samajhatA hU~ ki paripUrNatA ke cAra caraNa haiM- adhIti, bodha, AcaraNa aura pracAraNa / Age kI kathA pracAraNa- loka kalyANa hai / sambhava hai isalie kathA Age bar3hAI gaI hai / adhyAtma kI yaha yAtrA vRttAkAra hai / jahA~ se prasthAna huA thA, vahIM vaha pahu~catA hai, para pariveza yA bhAva vaha nahIM hai| pahale vaha baddhAvasthA meM thA, aba maktAvasthA meM hai| aba kaSAya ke na hone se bhoga bandha kA nimitta nahIM bana rahA hai / aba vaha mithyAdRSTi nahIM, samyagdRSTi hai / samyagdRSTi kA bhoga naI vAsanA paidA nahIM karatA / viparIta isake vaha pUrva karma ko zAnta karatA hai aura nUtana paidA nahIM hone detaa| matalaba yaha ki samyagdRSTi kA karmabhoga nirjarA hI nahIM, saMvara kA bhI kAraNa banatA hai / yaha sAdhaka kI karmabhoga se karmayoga taka kI vRttAtmaka yAtrA hai, para pahalA karmabhoga mithyAdRSTi kA thA aura dUsarA karmabhoga samyagdRSTi kA hai| bAlaTI kI machalI kI yAtrA bhI to aisI hI vRttAkAra yAtrA hai| kUpa se bAlaTI dvArA bAhara Akara punaH usI bAlaTI se usI kUpa jala taka / antara yahI hai na ki pUrva bhAvanA aura paravartI bhAvanA meM antara hai| kathAvastu ke do bheda-AdhikArika aura prAsaMgika samprati, kathAvastu kI anya mahAkAvyocita vizeSatAoM kI ora bhI dRSTipAta karanA hai / AdhikArika kathA kA saMkSepa Upara diyA jA cukA hai| samprati, prAsaMgika kathAoM kI samIkSA prasaMga prApta hai| prAsaMgika kathAoM meM patAkA' kA lakSaNa cauthe khaNDa meM seTha-prasaMga para ghaTita hotA hai aura puMkhAnupuMkha rUpa se ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanAoM ko prakarI' ke antargata hI liyA jA sakatA hai, jaise ki prathama khaNDa kI machalI kI kathA hai| prAsaMgika kathA' kA lakSaNa dazarUpaka kAra dhanaMjaya dvArA isa prakAra diyA gayA hai : "prAsaGgikaM parArthasya svArtho yasya prsngggtH|" (1/13, pR.4) prAsaMgika kathA vaha hotI hai jo pravAha meM AI ho mukhya prayojana kI siddhi ke lie, parantu prasaMgata: usakA prayojana sampanna ho gayA ho| Alocya grantha meM AdhikArika kathA ghaTa kI hai| usI prasaMga se machalI kA bhI prasaMga A gayA hai aura mukti rUpa apanA prayojana bhI siddha ho gayA hai / seTha kI kathA lambI calatI hai, ata: use patAkA kathA kahA jA sakatA hai / 'dazarUpaka kAra ne kahA hai : "sAnubandhaM patAkAkhyaM prakarI ca pradezabhAk // " (1/13, pR.4) cauthe khaNDa meM avA se bAhara kumbha ke Ate hI seTha ko svapna AtA hai ki usane apane hI prAMgaNa meM hAthoM meM mATI kA kumbha lie mahAsanta kA svAgata kiyA hai / svapna ko dhanyavAda detA huA seTha sevaka ko kumbhakAra ke pAsa kumbha lAne ke lie bheja detA hai / isa prakAra AdhikArika kathA se prasaMgata: seTha jur3a jAtA hai aura isa khaNDa ke anta taka donoM kathAe~ sAthasAtha calatI haiN| seTha se kumbha ko aura kumbha se seTha ko sArthakatA prApta hotI hai| kumbha kA mUla prayojana seTha se sadhatA hai| ata: usakI sthiti spaSTataH hI 'parArtha' hai, para sAtha hI prasaMgata: usakA svArtha bhI siddha ho jAtA hai| kumbha use bhI apane sAtha bhava saritA kA santaraNa karA detA hai / eka mukta dUsare ko bhI mukta karA detA hai / 'mAnasa' kI AdhikArika rAma kathA meM jo sthAna patAkA nAyaka sugrIva kA hai, vahI yahA~ seTha kA hai| Alocya kRti meM prAsaMgika kathAe~ prathama khaNDa meM 'machalI prasaMga' aura tRtIya khaNDa meM 'muktAvRSTi prasaMga' svalpadezavyApinI ghaTanAe~ haiM / phalata:
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________________ xlvi :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA inheM prakarI ke antargata liyA jA sakatA hai / yaha avazya vicAraNIya hai ki ye donoM prasaMga prasaMgata: prApta to haiM, para inase AdhikArika kathA kA kyA upakAra huA hai ? prAsaMgika kathAoM meM tIna zartoM kA nirvAha honA cAhie- prasaMgata: sahaja vikAsa, dUsare 'parArtha' aura tIsare 'svArthasiddhi' / yahA~ prasaMgata: donoM ghaTanAe~ ghaTatI haiN| pahalI zarta spaSTa hai| jahA~ taka 'parArthatA' arthAt nAyaka ghaTa ke prayojana siddhi meM sahakAra kA sambandha hai, 'machalI prasaMga' kI ghaTanA para utanA lAgU nahIM hotA / eka to kUpa meM machaliyoM kA jhuNDa kadAcit hI kahIM hotA ho, dUsare apavAda svarUpa kahIM ho bhI to isa machalI prasaMga kA ghaTa nAyaka kI AdhikArika kathA se koI sIdhA upakAraka sambandha nahIM jddtaa| eka to taba taka upAdAna mATI kA vaha paryAya hI sva-sattA-AsAdana nahIM kara sakatA hai, prakriyA avazya cala rahI hai / machalI kA apanA paramArtha avazya siddha ho jAtA hai / kalpanA kI jAya ki yadi yaha prasaMga na bhI hotA to ghaTa nAyaka kA mUla yA avAntara prayojana kahA~ vighaTita hotA athavA usase kyA sahakAra milatA? aisI kathA jisakA AdhikArika kathA para kisI bhI prakAra kA prabhAva nahIM hotA, asambaddha hI mAnI jAyagI / anvaya-vyatireka se bhI usakI hetutA siddha nahIM hotI / prabandha meM ya asambaddhatA khaTakatI hai / lagatA hai ki eka saiddhAntika mAnyatA kA upasthApana karane ke lobha meM yaha prasaMga thigalI kI taraha AdhikArika kathA meM Upara se thopa diyA gayA hai| mATI se jo ghaTa paryAya rUpa meM ubharatA hai usameM jala to nimitta hai, para machalI kA yogadAna kyA hai ? isa prakAra machalI na to ghaTa ke ubharane meM aura na hI usake dvArA sampAdya mukhya-gauNa prayojanoM meM apanA koI yogadAna karatI hai| dUsarA prasaMga hai - muktAvRSTi kA / tRtIya khaNDa kI yaha prAsaMgika kathA taponiSTha kumbha kA parIkSA prasaMga hai / jar3adhI jaladhi kumbhakAra kI anupasthiti meM kumbha kA astitva miTAne ke lie badaliyoM ko bhejatA hai, para prabhAkara apane pravacana se unakA hRdaya parivartana kara detA hai / ve pati ke pratikUla vacana kA tiraskAra kara jagatpati prabhAkara kI bAta mAna letI haiM aura use naSTa karane kI jagaha usa para-pakSa kI muktA varSA se pUjA karatI huI lauTa jAtI haiN| bAta phailate-phailate rAjaparivAra taka jAtI hai / maNDalI anupasthita kumbhakAra ke prAMgaNa meM vRSTa muktArAzi ko balAt lUTatI hai / maNiyA~ jaharIlA prabhAva paidA karatI haiM aura avasara dekhakara kumbha vyaMgya karatA hai / bhakAra-karuNAlaya kumbhakAra paristhiti ko sUMgha kara samajha letA hai aura tatkAla eka tarapha kumbha ko usake bar3abolepana para phaTakAratA hai tathA dUsarI ora prajApati ko sammAna detA hai, sAtha hI boriyoM meM muktA bhara kara usake khajAne ko samRddha kara detA hai / yahA~ jala upAdAna hai, para usake muktA rUpa meM paryAya banane kA nimitta kyA hai ? nimitta hai pRthivI kakSa meM usakA AnA / yaha camatkArI ghaTanA hai, kumbhakAra kI divya mahimA hai / isa ghaTanA se AdhikArika kathA kA yadyapi utanA ghaniSTha sambandha to nahIM, para machalI-prasaMga kI tulanA meM to hai hii| kumbhakAra kumbha ko usake bar3abolepana kA ehasAsa karAkara use maryAdA meM lAtA hai aura sAtha hI apanI udAratA se usameM apane prati sadbhAva bhI paidA karatA hai| ye sabhI bAteM sAkSAt-asAkSAt AdhikArika kathA aura mukhya prayojana se jur3a jAtI haiN| lekina isameM muktA apanA kauna sA svArtha yA paramArtha siddha karatA hai ? prAsaMgika kathA kI yaha bhI to eka zarta hai / prAsaMgika jaba AdhikArika se jur3atA hai to isa jor3a meM donoM kA svArtha sAdhana hotA hai / muktA prasaMga jaise-taise parArthasiddhi se to jur3atA hai para Atmasiddhi kyA hai ? hA~, muktA meM kahIM mukti kI AlaMkArika gandha mAna lI jAya, to bAta dUsarI hai athavA prajApati kA bhANDAra samRddha karane meM hI usakI sArthakatA hai| kathAvastu meM paMcasandhiyA~ kathAvastu meM agalI bAta jo dekhane kI hotI hai vaha hai usakA paMcasandhi samanvita honA / sandhiyA~ pA~ca haiMmukha, pratimukha, garbha, vimarza yA avamarza aura nirvahaNa / pratyeka sandhi yA khaNDa meM eka 'avasthA' aura eka artha prakRti' hotI hai| avasthAe~ bhI pA~ca haiM aura artha prakRtiyA~ bhI pA~ca / Arambha, yatna, prAptyAzA, niyatApti aura phalAgama - ye
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xlvii pA~ca avasthAe~ haiM / bIja, bindu, patAkA, prakarI aura kArya - ye pA~ca artha prakRtiyA~ haiM / avasthA aura artha prakRtiyoM kA saMcAra karane se pUrva pahale yaha dekhanA Avazyaka hai ki kathAvastu ke ye jor3a santulita haiM yA nahIM ? vaise isa sandarbha meM yaha bAta pahale kahI jA cukI hai ki kathAvastu kA jitanA custa-durusta vidhAna dRzyakAvya meM hotA hai utanA zravya ke bheda mahAkAvya meM nahIM hotaa| usakI kathAvastu kI yojanA apekSAkRta zithila hotI hai / ata: Alocya kRti meM bhI sandhi yojanA zithila hai / kathAvastu meM usake vikAsa kI santulita avasthAe~ honI cAhie / hotA yaha hai ki kathAvastu to ghaTanAoM aura vyApAroM kI zrRMkhalA hai, jo nAyaka dvArA sampAdya hotI hai / ina vyApAroM kA eka lakSya hotA hai, vaha caturvarga meM se anyatama yA ekAdhika hotA hai / prastuta kRti meM spaSTa hI 'sva-bhAva' meM sthiti yA mokSalAbha jaisA cauthA puruSArtha hI parama prayojana hai / 'mATI' granthArambha meM hI saMkalpa letI hai aura mA~ dharatI se prArthanA karatI hai : "isa paryAya kI/iti kaba hogI ?/isa kAyA kI cyuti kaba hogI ?/batA do, mA~ ise !" (pR. 5) aura anta meM: "sRjanazIla jIvana kA/vargAtIta apavarga huaa|" (pR. 483) saMkalpa usakI pAryantika pariNati ke madhya sArA vyApAra calatA hai| isa vyApAra meM Arambha' avasthA AtI hai| yahA~ mAtra autsukya hotA hai / autsukya hai - kAlAkSamatva / prayojana kI prApti ke prati tvarA kA bhAva / 'kAyA kI cyuti kaba hogI', ke dvArA vahI kAlika vyavadhAna kI asahiSNutA vyakta hotI hai| 'dazarUpaka'kAra kahatA hai : "autsukyamAtramArambhaH phalalAbhAya bhUyase // " (1/20) tadanantara phalAbhAva nAyaka ko atitvarApUrvaka vyApArazIla, prayatnazIla banA detA hai| 'mATI' kA paryAya ghaTa zilpI kI kRpA se sattAsAdana meM juTa jAtA hai aura tIsare kyA cauthe khaNDa ke Arambha taka use pUrNa rUpa se jaladhAraNa rUpa arhatA kI prApti ke lAyaka banane meM calA jAtA hai| Upara se lagatA hai ki nAyaka apane paripakva aura pariNata rUpa meM cauthe khaNDa meM AtA hai, jo samApana khaNDa hai / matalaba prayatnAvasthA hI yahA~ taka AtI hai, para anyApadezI paddhati para dRSTipAta kareM to spaSTa hotA hai ki jIva dvArA tapa:sAdhanA pUrvaka banane kI prakriyA kA zubhArambha pahale hI khaNDa se Arambha ho jAtA hai, prayatna kA vinyAsa vahIM ho jAtA hai / dUsare khaNDa se 'prayatna' ke sAtha, upAya ke sAtha apAyoM kA bhI AnA Arambha ho jAtA hai / apAya kA vega uttarottara bar3hatA hI jAtA hai / jala aura anala ke hRdayavedhI A~dhI-tUphAna, jo upasarga aura parISahoM ke pratIka haiM, apanI kASThApanna sthiti meM Ate haiM aura sAdhaka kA pratIka kumbha usameM dRr3hatApUrvaka aTala hai aura pariNata tathA paripakva ho jAtA hai / lagatA hai ki aba galA-taba galA, kintu puruSArthI ko kisI na kisI kA avalamba mila jAtA hai / apAyoM kI A~dhI meM bIja 'garbhastha ho-hokara 'vimarza' karatA huA saMkalpita ke 'nirvahaNa' ke taTa para A lagatA hai / upAya aura apAya kA yaha lambA saMgharSa prAya: anta taka calatA rahatA hai aura 'vimarza' tathA 'nirvahaNa' ke lie AnupAtika dRSTi se jo AyAma milanA cAhie, vaha nahIM mila pAtA / ise asantulana kaheM athavA zAnta paryavasAyI AdhyAtmika yAtrA kI gurutA kaheM, jahA~ upeyadazA kI apekSA upAyoM kA hI varNana hotA hai| saMvAda yojanA yadyapi Upara die gae mahAkAvya ke pAramparika sA~ce meM spaSTa rUpa se 'saMvAda' jaise ghaTaka kA ullekha nahIM hai, tathApi yahA~ isa zIrSaka se vicAra karane ke pIche do kAraNa haiM-eka to yaha ki prastuta kRti saMvAda-pracura hai aura dUsare yaha
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________________ xlvili :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ki mahAkAvya meM saMvAda hote hI haiN| kAraNa, ina saMvAdoM se do prayojana siddha hote haiM - pahalA yaha ki usase kathA kA vikAsa hotA hai aura dUsarA yaha ki usase vaktA yA pAtra kA caritragata vaiziSTya udghATita hotA hai / kumbhakAra aura vItarAga sAdhu ko chor3akara anya pAtra yA to mAnavIkRta haiM athavA mAnava ke pratIka haiN| sAmAnyataH 'saMvAda' dRzyakAvya kI vizeSatA mAne jAte haiM, para zravyakAvya meM bhI inakA astitva hotA hai / antara yaha hotA hai ki dRzyakAvya meM pAtra-nAmanirdeza alaga rahatA hai aura saMvAda alaga / zravyakAvya meM chandobaddha kAvya pravAha ke bhItara hI pAtra nAma kA anupraveza rahatA hai / dUsarA antara yaha hotA hai ki dRzyakAvya jisa sarjanAtmaka anubhUti kA rUpAntara hotA hai 'raMga-cetanA' usakA avibhAjya aMga hotI hai / zravyakAvya jisa sarjanAtmaka anubhUti kA rUpAntara hotA hai usameM raMga-cetanA nahIM hotI / yahA~ hama zravyakAvya ke antargata 'saMvAda yojanA' para vicAra kara rahe haiN| Alocya kAvya kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM ghaTanA vyApAra jitanA hai usase kahIM adhika saMvAda yojanA hai aura usakA kAraNa 'mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana' kI cetanA hai / siddhAnta ghaTanAoM aura vyApAroM kI taha meM rahakara vyaMjita hote to vaha paddhati adhika kAvyocita hotI, apekSAkRta do pAtroM ke bIca abhidhA starIya kathopakathana ke / para zAstrakAvya meM to yaha vaiziSTya hogaa| racayitA kA prAtibha saMrambha bAra-bAra isa udghATana kI ora AtA jAyagA / saMvAdoM kI viziSTatA saMvAdoM kI viziSTatA aura upayogitA ke nikaSa svarUpa nimnalikhita binduoM ko dRSTigata kiyA jAnA ucita hai 1. vaha kathA dhArA ke vikAsa meM kahA~ taka sahAyaka hai ? 2. vaha apane sampreSya bhAva aura vicAra meM kitanA saTIka aura sakSama hai ? 3. usase vaktA ke caritra kA vaiziSTya kaisA ubharatA hai ? 4. saiddhAntika mAnyatAoM ke udghATana meM kitanI dUra taka khIMcA gayA hai ? isa pravRtti se kAvyatva bAdhita aura __kathAdhArA vyavahita to nahIM hotI? Alocya kRti meM seTha viSayaka patAkA kathA se pUrva kathAvastu bahuta svalpa hai aura usakI gati kAphI dhImI hai| ina sAr3he tIna khaNDoM meM mATI se kaMkara ko alaga karanA, jala kA chAnA jAnA, jala aura miTTI kA milAva, rauMda kara loMdA banAnA aura cakra para car3hA kara kumbhAkAra pariNAma paidA karanA, tapana ke tApa se jalIya aMza kA sukhAnA, phira bhI avaziSTa mala aura doSoM kA agni dvArA dAhana aura taba usakI paripakva pariNati-itanI hI kathAvastu yA AdhikArika kathAvastu hai / avaziSTa bhAga meM kathA kI gati tejI pakar3atI hai / ekAlApa, saMvAda aura lekhanI ke svara jyAdA mukhara haiN| yaha sahI hai ki sapATa ghaTanA-vyApAra ke pracura upasthApana meM jitanI zakti lagatI hai usase kahIM adhika udbhAvana kSamatA aura urvara kalpanA kI apekSA inameM hai / jahA~ kucha nahIM hai vahA~ bhI apekSA se z2yAdA nikAla liyA gayA hai / saMvAdoM kI saMkhyA sau taka pahuMca gaI hai aura aba taka ke kAvya meM jisa taraha ke vaktA-zrotA kabhI nahIM A pAe, vaise vaktAzrotAoM kI bAr3ha hai / vaktA zrotA kA tA~tA kama par3atA dekha lekhanI svayaM bolane lagatI hai| isase kAvyatva bAdhita ho yA na ho, kathAdhArA avazya vyavahita ho jAtI hai / udAharaNArtha, dvitIya khaNDa meM pR. 113 meM Arabdha rauMdana kriyA tIsa pRSThoM taka prasaMgAntara se vyavahita hokara puna: pR.160 meM yAda AtI hai| vaise aisA nahIM hai ki saMvAda kathAdhArA ke vikAsa meM yoga na dete hoM,dete haiM; avazya dete haiN| Alocya kRti kI kathA kA zubhArambha hI, Arambhika varNana chor3a deM to, saMvAda se hI hotA hai-saritA-taTa kI mATI aura mAtA dharatI ke saMvAda se / donoM ke bIca saMvAda kA krama calatA rahatA hai aura yaha calatA hai kAphI dUra taka / kahA~ taka kahA jAya, ye sAre khaNDa saMvAdoM se bhare par3e haiN|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xlix bhAva aura vicAra ke sakSama saMvAhaka saMvAda saMvAdoM meM kahIM bhAvodgAra haiM, kahIM vaicArika abhivyakti hai aura kahIM ghaTanA-sUtra kA saMketa / saritA taTa kI mATI kA Arambhika udgAra kitanI karuNA lie hue hai? kitanI dayanIyatA hai usameM ki mAtA kA hRdaya pasIja jAtA hai aura vaha usI stara se udbodhana detI hai / mATI mu~ha nahIM kholatI, hRdaya kholatI hai, isIlie usakA marmabhedI prabhAva par3atA hai / yaha bahirAtmA kA nahIM, antarAtmA kA udgAra hai / kisI bhI sthiti kA jitanI hI gaharAI se ehasAsa hotA hai kavitA utanI hI prabhAvakArI aura balavatI hotI hai| mATI ko vaibhAvika bandhajanya vedanA kA jisa gaharAI se ehasAsa hai, usake varNa-varNa aura unase ghaTita pada tathA vAkya bolate haiN| prAya: kahA jAtA hai ki bhAva kI vyaMjaka sAmagrI kA niyojana honA cAhie, na ki usake vAcaka zabda kaa| isase to 'svazabda-vAcyatva' doSa A jAtA hai - dekheM : "yAtanAyeM pIr3AyeM ye !/kitanI taraha kI vedanAyeM/kitanI aura Age kaba taka patA nahIM/inakA chora hai yA nahIM !" (pR. 4) parantu jaba vedanA anta - iyattAhIna ho taba anubhavitA bahata lambA vyaMjaka vaktavya nahIM de sakatA. anyathA kAlidAsa kA kaNva zakuntalA kI bhAvI vidAI kA gaharAI se ehasAsa karatA hue abhivyakti ke zikhara para 'vaiklavyaM mama tAvadIdRzamidaM snehAdaraNyaukasa kahakara mauna kA patha na pakar3atA / paNDitarAja jagannAtha ne 'zoka' kA lakSaNa dete hue kahA hai-"putrAdiviyogamaraNAdijanmA vaiklavyAkhyAzcittavRttivizeSaH zokaH" - arthAt vaiklavya nAmaka cittavRtti hI zoka hai| iSTa ke nAza, iSTa kI aprApti aura aniSTa kI prApti se karuNa kA AvirbhAva hotA hai, vyaMjanA hotI hai / paNDitarAja kahate haiM ki putra prabhRti iSTajanoM ke viyoga athavA maraNa Adi se utpanna hone vAlI vyAkulatA hI zoka hai| mATI bhI iSTa kI aprApti tathA aniSTa kI prApti se vikalatA kA gaharAI se anubhava karatI hai, ata: use zokasaMvigna kahA jA rahA hai / usameM zoka hI nahIM hai, nirveda bhI hai| nirveda 'nityAnityavastuvicArajanmA' viSaya-vairAgya kA hI dUsarA nAma hai / usakI vedanA kI taha meM vairAgya bhI mukhara hai| niSkarSa yaha ki jaba vaktA kA antas bhAvoM kI niravadhi paramparA se bhara uThatA hai taba kAlidAsa kI taraha usI bhAva ko svazabda vAcya karake hI rAhata pAtA hai, kahA~ taka usakA vyaMjana kareM ? mATI vyavahAra ke prati supta hai aura AtmA ke viSaya meM jAgarUka hai / zrImad devanandI-pUjyapAda svAmI ne 'samAdhitantra' meM ThIka hI kahA hai : "vyavahAre suSupto ya: sa jAgAMtmagocare / jAgarti vyavahAre'smin suSuptazcAtmagocare" // 7 // isa prakAra vibhinna mAnasa bhAvoM kI saMvAdoM dvArA sazakta vyaMjanA kI gaI hai / santa ke saMsarga meM Akara AtaMkavAdI hRdaya taka badala jAtA hai aura kahatA hai : "samagra saMsAra hI/duHkha se bharapUra hai,/yahA~ sukha hai, para vaiSayika aura vaha bhI kSaNika !" (pR. 485) isameM bhI nityAnityavivekajanmA vairAgya kA bhAva mukhara hai / saMvAdoM meM bhAvajagat bhI laharAtA hai aura viveka tathA tatprasUta mAnyatAe~ to mukhara huI hI haiM / santa sadguru apanI prakRti aura sambodhya mumukSu ko dRSTigata kara nirNIta mAnyatA vyakta karate haiM:
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________________ : mUkamATI-mImAMsA 1::: " dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki / bandhana - rUpa tana, / mana aura vacana ka AmUla miTa jAnA hI / mokSa hai|" (pR. 486) zAnta rasa meM nimagna santa ke isa taraha ke saMvAda mAnyatAoM se AmUla-cUla bikhare par3e haiN| kahIM se bhI uThAkara dekhA jA sakatA hai / saMvAdoM dvArA caritragata vaiziSTya kA udghATana agalI bAta jo saMvAdoM ke viSaya meM draSTavya hai vaha yaha ki ina saMvAdoM se vaktA pAtra kI caritragata viziSTatAe~ kisa sImA taka mukhara haiM ? isameM sAgara, svarNa kalaza aura AtaMkavAda ke khalanAyaka bhI bolate haiM aura dharatI, sadguru zilpI tathA vItarAga sAdhu bhI bolate haiM, kavi kI lekhanI bhI bolatI hai| eka zabda meM kahU~ to kyA nahIM bolatA hai-sunane aura grahaNa karane kI zaktiyA~ jAgarUka hoM to sabhI kucha na kucha kahate haiM / bahirAtmA ko apane * anukUla aura antarAtmA ko apane anukUla vizvavINA se nirgata dhvani zrutigocara hotI hai / apanI-apanI prakRtigata vizeSatA ke kAraNa jaisA sunate aura grahaNa karate haiM vaisA hI bolate bhI haiM / sAgara, svarNa kalaza aura AtaMkavAda ke saMvAdoM meM unakI raudravRtti, nirmamatA, atyAcAra parAyaNatA, niHsIma krUratA - sabhI viziSTatAe~ ubhara AtI haiM / kahIM se bhI inake uddharaNa lie jA sakate haiN| viparIta isake mumukSu ghaTa aura parigrahamukta sadguru ke bhI ahiMsAparaka zAntidAyaka vacana sunane ko milate haiM / kumbhakAra ke prAMgaNa meM bAdala se gire muktA ko lobhavaza baTorane vAle rAjA aura rAjamaNDalI ko mumukSu ghaTa kA vyaMgyapUrNa vacana aura anudvejaka tathA maryAdocita zilpI ke vacana - donoM kI prakRtigata vizeSatAoM ko vyaMjita karate haiM / eka banane kI prakriyA meM hai, ata: anyAya kA pratikAra vyaMgya vacana se karatA hai jabaki dUsarA apanI parama zAnta vRtti ke chITe kara donoM ko patha dikhAtA hai / udAharaNoM se nibandha kA kalevara tundila ho jAyagA, ataH virata rahanA hI ucita hai| jijJAsu pAThaka mUla meM hI una paMktiyoM ko dekheM / saMvAda bhIMge bhAvoM kI abhivyaMjanA zAstrasammata mAnyatAoM ke prakAzaka to haiM hii| saMvAda hI nahIM prabhAkara ke lambe-lambe 'pravacana' bhI haiN| varNanatattva mahAkAvya ke pAramparika sA~ce meM agalA tattva 'varNana' hai| 'varNana' aura 'saMvAda' mahAkAvya meM vyApta bhAvadhArA yA saMvedanA ko ubhArane meM sahAyaka hote haiN| isameM kevala saMvAda, ekAlApa, svagata aura pravacana hI nahIM haiM, jinase mAtra saiddhAntika mAnyatAe~ rakhI gaI hoN| aisA taba hotA jaba vaha kevala 'zAstra' likhate / racayitA ko isa bAta yA saMkalpa kA dhyAna hai ki vaha kAvya yA prabandha kAvya de rahA hai, phalata: vicAra kI A~ca meM paripakva bhAvanA, santulita kalpanA aura viveka paricAlita varNanatattva kA bhI usane dhyAna rakhA hai aura acchA rakhA hai / varNanAe~ kRti ke cAroM khaNDoM meM ramaNIya varNanAe~ haiM / prakRti varNana meM prAtaH, sAyaM, rAtri kA, zizira, vasanta, grISma kA, sAgara, prabhAkara, sudhAkara kA, dharatI, nArI, sAdhaka aura santa kA, tapaH prakriyA aura svapna kA, pAtra (seTha) mudrA aura mATI kA to manohara, cittAvarjaka tathA lalita varNana hai hI, sat aura asat ke pakSadhara aura vipakSiyoM kA lomaharSaka tathA bhayAvaha saMgharSa bhI varNita hai / niSkarSa yaha ki ye varNana kAvya ko bhAvoddIpana kI pIThikA pradAna karate haiM jisase kAvya kI mUlabhUta upAdAna saMvedanA rUpAntarita hotI hai| eka racayitA ko yaha yAda dilAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai ki kAvya saMvedanA kA rUpAntaraNa hotA hai| varNana bhI sapATa varNana nahIM hai, bhAvanA aura kalpanA kI raMgInI lie hue indradhanuSI hai / racayitA jisakA jaisA bhAvadIpta rUpa prastuta karanA cAhatA hai, vaisA varNana karatA hai - mRdu aura komala bhI, bhayAvaha aura karkaza bhI, cittAkarSaka aura ramaNIya bhI aura kSobhakara aura udvejaka bhI, sAtha hI Alambana cetana kA bhI aura
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: li uddIpana acetana kA bhI / jIvana aura saMsAra ke kalAtmaka udrekhaNa meM donoM kA hI prasaMga AtA hai| prAta:kAla aura saritA varNana granthArambha meM prAta:kAla aura saritA ke hI varNana ko leM / bhAvanA aura kalpanA kI raMgInI kAvyocita AkarSaNa paidA karatI hai| racayitA kalAkAra bhI hai aura santa bhI hai / use isa bAta kA dhyAna hai ki sAMsArika udvega, vyathA, vedanA aura vairAgya kI mATIgata bhAvanA ke uddIpaka rUpa meM prakRti sahAyikA hokara pIThikA prastuta kre| Upara-nIce caturdika nIravatA chAI huI hai, aise meM sAdhaka kA mana zAnta rahatA hai / mAyA kA brAhma prahara hai| uSA apanI taruNimA meM hai / bhAnu aura prAcI kA dRzya bimbavidhAna anubhavaikagamya hai| yaha kathana samAsokti ke AlaMkArika AvaraNa meM hai| prastuta tandrila bhAnu kI aruNima pariveza meM udayonmukhatA hai aura aprastuta mA~ kI mArdava-nirbhara-goda meM lAla cAdara or3he jAgaraNonmukha tandrila zizu kI aMgar3AI / isI prakAra prastuta hai aruNima prAcI para aprastuta hai sindUra-nirbhara-sImanta vAlI gadarAI siMdUrI AbhA kI khule mAtha vAlI taruNI / ina aprastuta yojanAoM se lipaTI prakRti kitanI manorama hai ! udhara nimIlanonmukha kumudinI aura sAmane AtA prabhAkara aura aprastuta rUpa meM usa bimba kI kalpanA kareM jahA~ nirlajja parapuruSa ke kara-sparza ke bhaya se apane meM simaTatI kulInA strI paridRzya se ojhala hote hue pati ke prati ubharI huI sarAga-mudrA aura aMga para chiTake rAjasa parAga ko DhaMka rahI ho / kamalinI bhI ardhonmIlita hai, jahA~ aprastuta yaha ki vaha kumudinI parapuruSa kI darzanIyA prabhA ko bhI nahIM dekhanA caahtii| isa para arthAntaranyAsa yaha ki IrSyA para kauna vijayI bana sakA hai, vaha bhI jIva ke strI paryAya meM? yaha to anahonI hai / yahA~ tila-tuNDalavat donoM alaMkaroM kI 'saMsRSTiM hai, na ki sandeha saMkara, aMgAMgibhAva saMkara athavA ekavyaMjakAnupraveza saMkara / rAtri kA yaha AlaMkArika libAsa kitanA manohara hai| yaha sandhi belA hai ! tArApati candra kA anugamana tArikAe~ kara rahI haiM, unheM zaMkA hai ki parapuruSa divAkara kahIM dekha na le| prAta:kAlIna malayAnila macala uThA hai, gandhavaha gandha bikhera rahA hai / AtmacetA mATI kucha rahasya, kucha ekAnta vyathA apanI mA~ se kahanA cAhatI hai aura pariveza use anukUla laga rahA hai : "para kI nAsA taka/isa gopanIya vArtA kI gandha/"jA nahIM sakatI !"(pR.3) bagala meM saritA pravAhita hai, para vaha apanI dhuna meM gunagunAtI apane pati sAgara kI ora gatizIla hai| isa samaya na nizAkara hai na nizA, na divAkara hai na divA aura dizAe~ bhI andhI haiM / rahasyavArtA aura ekAnta vyathA ke nivedana ke nimitta isase adhika upayukta pariveza kyA ho sakatA hai ? aprastuta meM prAcI kI zRMgArika mudrA kA aise meM bhAnA thor3A avazya khaTakatA hai, para racanAkAra racanAkAra bhI hotA hai, santa to hai hii| prakRti aura saritA kA puna: varNana ___ mATI kI uddiSTa mahAyAtrA ke Arambhika kSaNa meM kiyA gayA prakRti aura saritA kA varNana kucha aisA hai jaise ve sabhI mATI kA svAgata kara rahe hoN| prabhAta apanI bahina rAtri ko mATI ke abhyudaya se prasanna hokara harSAtireka se upahAra ke rUpa meM komala kopaloM kI halakI AbhA ghulI haritAbha kI sAr3I detA hai aura ise pahana kara jAtI huI vaha apane bhAI prabhAta ko sammAnita karatI hai| idhara saritA taTa kI ora AtI una rajatAbha lahariyoM se, jo phUloM kI anagina mAlAoM kA upahAsa kara rahI hoM, mATI kA caraNa cUmatI hai / ha~samukha kalazI meM phena ke vyAja se mAno dadhi lekara saritA taTa khar3A hai| tRNa binduoM ke vyAja se dharatI ke hRdaya meM mATI ke lie mAno karuNA umar3a rahI hai aura usake aMga-aMga apUrva harSanirbhara-pulaka se nAca uThe hoN| cAroM tarapha ullAsa aura prakAza hai, roSa prazAnta hai, doSa kA hrAsa aura guNoM ke koSa kA udaya hai / yAtrA kA sUtrapAta hai na ! isalie prakRti bhI cAroM ora prasanna aura pulakita-sI naz2ara A rahI hai|
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________________ lii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA zilpI svarUpa varNana ___ mATI meM jisa ghaTa kA pariNAma hotA hai, zilpana honA hai, tadartha santa sadguru mUrtimAn zAntarasa AtA dRSTigocara ho rahA hai / racayitA usakA nitAnta santocita rUpa prastuta karatA hai| 'zizupAlavadha' meM mAgha kavi ne jisa prakAra nArada kA varNana kiyA hai ThIka usI rau meM prastuta racayitA bhI zilpI kumbhakAra kA zanai:-zanaiH apanI AkRti meM sphuTa-sphuTatara ubharatA huA samIpa-samIpatara AtA naz2ara A rahA hai| usameM ananya bhAva aura cAva bhare hue haiN| usake vizAla bhAla para, jo bhAgya kA bhaNDAra hai, kabhI tanAva naz2ara nahIM AtA / usameM koI vikalpa nahIM hai, viparIta isake dRr3ha saMkalpa hai| arthahIna jalpanA z2arA bhI nahIM rucatI use / vaha eka kuzala zilpI hai jo mATI meM, mATI ke kaNa-kaNa meM nihita tamAma sambhAvanAoM ko mUrta rUpa pradAna karatA hai / vaha artha kA apavyaya to kyA vyaya bhI nahIM karatA / yaha zilpa zilpI ko artha ke binA arthavAn banA detA hai / isane apanI saMskRti meM kabhI vikRti nahIM Ane dii| isake zilpa meM aba taka koI dAga nahIM lgaa| isakA nAma hai - kumbhakAra, jo nitAnta sArthaka hai, kAraNa, yaha 'kuM'- dharatI kA 'bha'- bhAgya-vidhAtA hai| kartavyabuddhi se satkArya ke prati jur3e hue isa zilpI meM ajJAna prasUta kartRtvabodha kA ahaMkAra nahIM hai / vaha zilpa Arambha karatA hai| Age racayitA isa zilpana kA itivRttAtmaka varNana karatA hai| zizira, vasanta aura grISma varNana __ Alocya kRti ke dvitIya khaNDa meM zizira, vasanta aura grISma ke bhI varNana Ae haiN| prasaMga zilpana kA cala rahA hai jahA~ zizira se Arambha kara grISma taka kA varNana hai| zizira ke pratikUla ThaNDaka kA pariveza zilpI kI nirmANopayogI ekatAnatA ko bhaMga nahIM karatA, na hI zilpI zizira kI ThaNDaka kA pratirodha karatA hai / vastuta: donoM kI prakRti ThaNDI hai, ata: saMvAda hai| zizira aura tapana ke bIca hemanta aura vasanta daba gae haiM - hemanta to bilkula hI, vasanta kA nAma bhara hai / grISma yA tapana kI bhayAvahatA aura bhISaNatA kA samucitalalitasannivezanacAru' kAvyabhASA meM prabhAvI varNana rekhAMkanIya hai| eka udAharaNa leM: "kabhI karAla kAlA rAhU/prabhA-puMja bhAnu ko bhI/pUrA nigalatA huA dikhA, kabhI-kabhAra bhAnu bhI vaha/anala ugalatA huA dikhA |/jis ugalana meM per3a-paudhe parvata-pASANa/pUrA nikhila pAtAla tala taka pighalatA galatA huA dikhaa|" (pR. 182) isa taraha lambA varNana prasaMgocita DhaMga se calatA hai| isa dRzya meM grISma kA pracaNDa rUpa mUrta ho gayA hai| yadi yahA~ kI saMghaTanA sAmAsika tathA varNa saMyukta aura mahAprANa hote to prabhAva aura bar3ha jAtA, ojasvI varNya kI prakRti ke anurUpa hotA / antima do khaNDoM ke varNana prasaMga ___ tRtIya aura caturtha khaNDoM meM varNanoM kI pracuratA hai / vahA~ prasaMgagata sUrya, sAgara aura sudhAkara, badalI, ghana, pavana ke sAtha dharatI aura nArI kI mahimA prasaMgocita rUpa meM varNita hai| isI prakAra caturtha khaNDa meM bhI ghaTa kI tapasyA, atithi kA sAttvika svarUpa tathA seTha kI gamana mudrA kA atyanta jIvanta aura prabhAvI varNana hai / Alocya kRti ke ina antima do khaNDoM meM racayitA kI pratibhA kA saMrambha ghaTa kI tapasyA aura tapoyAtrA kA saMgharSa varNita hai, jahA~ sat aura asat pakSadhara pratIkoM kA prabhAvI aura tumula yuddha hai / antataH asat pakSa para sat kI vijaya dikhAI gaI hai, asat ke pakSadharoM kA bhI hRdaya parivartita huA hai aura AtaMkavAdI kA hRdaya bhI vibhAva se svabhAva kI ora mur3anA cAhatA hai / niSkarSa yaha ki racayitA varNanoM se kRti meM pratipAdya aMgI zAnta rasa kA prabhAva mUrta karane meM bharapUra sahayoga pradAna karatA hai / isa varNana se pAThaka ko yaha zikSA milatI hai ki 'rAmAdivat vartitavyam na rAvaNAdivat'- santa aura siddha ghaTa kI taraha vyavahAra
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: liii karanA cAhie na ki asAdhu aura asanta svarNa kalaza aura AtaMkavAdiyoM kI taraha / isa saMgharSa varNana se dUsarI zikSA yaha bhI milatI hai ki niyati ke bAvajUda puruSArthI sAdhaka ke dRr3ha saMkalpa aura pauruSa ko dekhakara divya zaktiyA~ bhI sahAyaka ho jAtI haiN| kahA hI gayA hai : "na Rte zrAntasya sakhyAya devAH"- devatA bhI sahAyatA kA hAtha puruSArthI kI ora tabhI bar3hAte haiM jaba ve dekhate haiM ki puruSArthI sAdhaka puruSArtha karate-karate zrAnta ho uThA hai, para apane saMkalpa aura kartavya labhyaprApya para aDiga hai| pAtra-nAyaka aura caritra : pAramparika sA~ce meM dhIrodAtta nAyaka mahAkAvya ke lie pAramparika sA~ce meM agalA tattva jo apekSita hai vaha hai eka yA aneka loka prasiddha, itihAsa prasiddha yA purANa prasiddha dhIrodAtta nAyaka / yaha bAta Arambha meM kahI jA cukI hai ki zAyara - siMha aura sapUta lIka chor3akara calate haiM, para pAramparika virAsata aura sAMskRtika riktha kA nirvAha karate haiN| nAyaka paurANika yA aitihAsika ho yA na ho, mahAsattA aMzI dharatI ke aMza mATI kA vaha paryAya avazya hai, antarAtmA jIva kA pratinidhi (ghaTa) hai| yaha ghaTa ananta sambhAvanAoM aura aparimeya guNoM kA AgAra hai / yaha dhIra zAnta' nAyaka hai| dhIrodAtta kI sambhAvanA jaba aMgI zAnta hai taba usakA Azraya zamapradhAna hI hogA, dhIra zAnta hI hogA, na ki kSatriya kulodbhUta prakhyAta vaMza kA dhIrodAtta / yaha taba hotA jaba aMgI vIra yA zRMgAra jaisA rasa hotA / vIra meM laukika vijigISA hotI hai, zRMgArI meM laukika rAga / athavA dhIra zAnta kI jagaha 'dhIrodAtta' bhI kaheM to kyA Apatti hai ? 'nAgAnanda' nATaka kA nAyaka jImUtavAhana dhIrodAtta hI to hai| yaha sahI hai ki audAttya' sarvotkRSTa vRtti kA hI dUsarA nAma hai jo vijigISutA ke calate hI sambhava hai| paramArtha kA sAdhaka santa to zamapradhAna hone se usase udAsIna aura 'nirjigISu' hI pratIta hotA hai| yaha tathya Alocya kRti se spaSTa hai / vaha AtaMkavAdiyoM se saMgharSa nahIM kara rahA hai apitu seTha parivAra ko yahI parAmarza de rahA hai ki ye asat pakSa ke pratinidhi AtaMkavAdI SaDyantra se upadrava karanA cAhate haiM, ata: inake ghere se nikala bhAganA cAhie / dekhie : "kumbha ne kahA seTha se ki/"turanta parivAra sahita yahA~ se nikalanA hai,/vilamba ghAtaka ho sakatA hai"|" (pR. 422) asat pakSa ke mUrtimAn vighna kA pratIka svarNa kalaza lalakAratA hai : "eka ko bhI nahIM choDUM,/tumhAre Upara dayA kI varSA sambhava nahIM aba,/pralaya-kAla kA darzana/tumheM karanA hai abhii|" (pR. 421) uttarapakSa : sapUrvapakSa-dhIrodAtta kA isakA saMketa jhArI ne mATI ke kumbha ko diyA aura kumbha ne parivAra ko mauna saMketa diyA / saba bhAga nikle| kyA yaha audAttya' hai, vijigISutA hai ? aura nahIM hai to 'ghaTa' nAyaka dhIrodAtta' kaise? yaha to zamapradhAna hone se parama -kAruNika aura vItarAga hai, isalie dhIrazAnta hI pratIta hotA hai / ina sabakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki yadyapi audAttya sarvotkRSTa hokara rahane kI vRtti kA hI dUsarA nAma hai, aura vaha vijigISutA hai, to vaha bhI nAyaka ghaTa meM vidyamAna hai / vijigISu vaha bhI hai jo zaurya, tyAga, dayA, dAna, upakAra Adi sAttvika guNoM se dUsaroM se Age bar3ha jAtA hai| vijigISu kevala vahI nahIM hai jo parApakAra pUrvaka parakIya arthagrahaNa Adi meM pravRtta hotA hai / audAttya kI isa avadhAraNA se to mArgadUSaka bhI dhIrodAtta ho jAyagA / rAma Adi ko bhI bhUmilAbha yA rAjyalAbha huA hai parantu unakA mukhya lakSya hai - loka
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________________ liv :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA - maMgala / isa nimitta vaha rAvaNa jaise duSTa kA nigraha karate haiN| unheM bhUmilAbha yA rAjyalAbha yA patnIlAbha to AnuSaMgika prApti hai| dhIrazAnta kA saiddhAntika pakSa ghaTa jisa santa antarAtmA yA paramAtmA kA aba pratIka bana cukA hai, vaha to apanA saba kucha dA~va para lagA kara samarpaNazIla seTha parivAra kI rakSA arthAt loka maMgala meM parAyaNa hai / isa prakAra to vaha sampUrNa vizva kA hI atikramaNa kara rahA hai| vaha antarAtmA yA paramAtmA bana jAne para viSaya sukha meM parAGmukha hai| samasta du:khoM ke hetubhUta vaiSayika sukha sambandhI samasta prakAra kI tRSNA meM nirabhilASa hai, ata: usane to sabhI ko jIta liyA hai| isase bar3A audAttya kyA hogA ? isa para se bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki Alocya kRti meM zAnta aMgI hai, jisakA sthAyI bhAva 'zama' hai aura 'zama' 'samastatRSNAkSayasukhAtmA' hai / parasaMsargaja vikAroM ke kSaya se AtmabhAva meM pratiSThita ghaTa svabhAva sukha-lAbha kara rahA hai, ata: hara taraha se ise 'zAnta' hI mAnA jAnA cAhie, to isase bhI kSati kyA hai ? vAstava meM mahAkAvya kA dhIrodAtta kama se kama zAntarasa pradhAna kRti meM dhIrazAnta kA bhI upalakSaNa hai / yaha nATya kRti nahIM hai, yaha zravyakAvya hai / yahA~ jaba 'zAnta' rasa kA honA pAramparika sA~ce meM vihita hai taba usake sthAyI bhAva 'zama' kA Azraya 'dhIrazAnta' kA nAyaka honA bhI mauna vidhAna hI hai| niSkarSa yaha ki yahA~ pratIka ghaTa hI nAyaka hai aura vaha dhIra zAnta hI hai / sampUrNa kRti hI isameM sAkSI hai, tarka aura pramANa prastuta karane kI alaga se koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| vaha itanA dRr3ha nizcaya hai ki vighna aura bAdhAoM se AkrAnta seTha parivAra ke usa prastAva ko asvIkAra kara detA hai jisameM nadI santaraNa na kara vApasa ho jAne kI bAta kahI jA rahI hai| usakI zraddhA, vizvAsa, jJAna aura cAritra sabhI milakara mukti kA mArga kholate haiN| vaha saMgharSa parAyaNa, dRr3hAdhyavasAyI, atigambhIra, mahAsattva, avikatthana tathA dRDhavrata hai / kRtikAra ne caturtha khaNDa meM varNita saMgharSa ke daurAna usakI caritragata tamAma vizeSatAoM kA muktakaNTha anAvaraNa kiyA hai / usake dRDhavrata aura anurUpa vyavasAya ko dekhakara vizva kI sabhI anukUla to anukUla, pratikUla zaktiyA~ bhI samarpita ho jAtI haiN| isa para bhI vinayI itanA ki vaha kumbhakAra kI ora, kumbhakAra vItarAga sAdhu kI ora iMgita karate haiM ki isa sArI saphalatA kA zreya unheM hai| unakA abhaya aura varada hasta uThA huA hai| nAyaka-nAyikA kI anyathA kalpanA kucha loga kahate haiM ki yahA~ kumbhakAra meM puMstva' aura 'mATI' 'strItva' hai aura garbhastha ghaTa ko bAhara nikAlane kA zreya kumbhakAra ko hai, ata: kumbhakAra ko nAyaka tathA mATI ko nAyikA mAnA jAnA caahie| yaha pakSa sucintita nahIM hai| eka to ghaTa mATI se pRthak nahIM, usI kA paryAya hai / kRtikAra ko abhISTa bhI yahI hai / dUsare nAyaka vaha hotA hai jo phalabhoktA ho / mokSarUpI caturtha puruSArtha lakSya hai, phala hai| ise taponiSTha ghaTa prApta karatA hai, upasargoM aura parISahoM kA sAmanA use karanA par3atA hai, isalie vahI nAyaka hai| kahA gayA hai : "phalabhoktA tu naaykH|" dUsare vaha svayaM phala bhoktA banakara nahIM raha jAtA, seTha parivAra ko bhI bhava saritA se pAra utAra detA hai| svayaM to adhIti, bodha aura zodha karatA hI hai usakA loka meM, jisakA pratIka seTha parivAra hai, pracAraNa bhI karatA hai / isa prakAra svabhAva sthita ghaTa catuSpAda pratiSThita hai| mAnava kI sambhAvanA jina cAra pAdoM para sthita hokara upalabdhi banatI hai, ve haiM-ve pUrvoktaadhIti, bodha, AcaraNa aura pracAraNa / jaina prasthAna kA Adarza yahI hai| kevalI se tIrthaMkara isI mAne meM uccatara haiM ki eka AtmakalyANa kara cuke haiM aura dUsare AtmakalyANa karate hue lokakalyANa bhI karate haiM / sevAbhAva zuddha bhAvanA hai| niSkarSa yaha ki kRti kA nAyaka AcaraNa sampanna pracAraNarata santa kA pratIka ghaTa hI hai / mArga se hokara maMz2ila taka pahu~cA huA ghaTa hI hai jo mahAmauna meM DUbate hue santa aura mAhaula ko nihAratA huA svayaM pUrNakAma aura AtmavizrAnta hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lv aMgIrasa nirUpaNa arthAt bhAva-yojanA uparyukta vivecana se suspaSTa hai ki Alocya kRti meM aMgIrasa zAnta hai / pAramparika sA~ce ke lakSaNa meM bhI aMgIrasa ke rUpa meM zAnta' kA vidhAna hai| isakA sthAyI bhAva samastatRSNAkSayasukhAtmA' zama hai / yaha lakSaNa abhinava gupta kA hai| paNDitarAja kA kahanA hai : "nityAnityavastuvicArajanmA viSayavirAgAkhyo nirveda:" - tattvajJAnajanya nirveda hI zAnta rasa kA sthAyI bhAva hai- (nATyazAstra-abhinava bhAratI) arthAt AtmasvarUpa sukha nitya, niratizaya aura svAtmasvarUpa hai jabaki viSaya-Atmetara-sukha anitya, sAtizaya aura para-sApekSa hai / isa prakAra ke dRr3ha vicAra se utpanna viSayavirAga hI nirveda hai aura yaha zAnta kA sthAyIbhAva hai| vitRSNIbhAvarUpa citavRtti vizeSa hI nirveda hai / nirveda saMcArI bhI hai aura sthAyI bhI / pahalA kSaNika hai aura dUsarA sthira - "vAsanArUpANAmamISAM muharmuharabhivyaktireva sthirapadArthatvAt" (rasagaMgAdhara, pra.A.) kSaNika nirveda gRhakalaha Adi se utpanna hotA hai para dUsarA vicAra karate-karate sthira prakRti kA paidA hotA hai| pahalA lakSaNa vidhyAtmaka hai aura dUsarA niSedhAtmaka / pahale meM tRSNAkSayasukhAtmA' mAnA gayA hai, dUsare meM 'vitRSNIbhAva' hI kahA gayA hai| eka vivAda yaha bhI hai ki yadi sthAyI bhAva cittavRtti vizeSarUpa hI hai aura zAnta usI kA puSTarUpa hai to vaha nikhAlisa AtmasvarUpApatti svarUpa nahIM hogA, jaisA ki dhanika ne 'dazarUpaka' kI TIkA meM kahA hai| zruti bhI use neti-neti ke anyApoha rUpa se hI kahatI hai / isa taraha ke zAnta kA AsvAda to mukta puruSa hI mokSAvasthA meM kara sakate haiM, na ki sahRdayamAtra / isalie dUsare logoM kA pakSa hai ki vahA~ taka pahu~cAne vAle upAya kA AsvAda hI zAnta rasa kahA jAya / yaha upAya abhAvAtmaka nahIM hai, rasa sukha svarUpa hai, ata: usakA svarUpa 'sukhAtmA' hI honA cAhie, vidhyAtmaka honA caahie| kAvyAsvAda ke rUpa kA zAnta aura mokSAvasthA ke zAnta meM upAya aura upeya kA antara mAnakara calanA caahie| isa para yaha bhI samasyA uTha khar3I hotI hai ki jaise aura rasoM kA sthAyI bhAva idAnIntana aura tadAnIntana vAsanA ke rUpa meM sahRdayoM ke hRdaya meM pahale se hI vidyamAna (jIvanAnubhava krama meM) rahate haiM, kyA usI prakAra vitRSNIbhAva bhI rahatA hai ? samastatRSNAkSayasukhAtmA zama bhI rahatA hai ? hA~, sAMsArika viSayoM kI virasatA varNita ho to sahRdaya pAThaka kI cittavRtti banatI hai / astu / prastuta kAvya meM nityAnityavicArajanmA viSayavairAgya ghaTa meM hai / usI se vaha svarUpa-sukha prApti ke lie prayatna Arambha karatA hai aura samasta kAvya meM usakA upAya-tapa-varNita hai, jo mokSadazA meM upeya paryavasAyI hai / pAryantika dazA kI anubhUti mukta ko hogI, AntarAlika dazA kI sahRdaya ko / yahA~ Alambana hai anitya viSayasukha / jaina prasthAna meM jagata anitya nahIM hai. ata: vedAntiyoM kI bhA~ti vaha Alambana nahIM ho sktaa| zAstrazravaNa, tapovana, tApasa darzana Adi uddIpana haiN| viSaya sukha meM aruci, zatru-mitra meM udAsInatA, nizceSTatA, nAsAgradRSTi Adi anubhAva haiM / glAni, kSaya, moha, viSAda, cintA, utsukatA, dInatA aura jar3atA Adi vyabhicArI bhAva haiN| 'abhinavabhAratI'kAra kA pakSa hai ki jaba tInoM puruSArthoM ke anurUpa cittavRtti hotI hai taba mahAbhAratAdi meM aMgIrUpa se pratiSThita zAnta ke anurUpa mokSa nAmaka caturtha puruSArthopayogI cittavRtti bhI hotI hai, honI caahie| unakI dRSTi meM 'zama' aura 'vairAgya' meM bheda hai / tattvajJAnajanya nirveda yA pratyeka sthAyI, yA samudita sthAyI zAnta kA sthAyI nahIM hai viparIta isake tattvajJAna, AtmajJAna, AtmasAkSAtkAra ko hI zAntarasa kA sthAyIbhAva mAnA jAnA cAhie / vairAgya aura saMsAra se palAyana Adi usa zAnta rasa ke vibhAva haiN| mokSazAstra kA vicAra Adi usake anubhAva haiN| nirveda, dhRti Adi vyabhicArI bhAva haiN| bhakti aura zraddhA bhI isI ke aMga haiN| abhinava gupta ne zAnta rasa kA virodha karane vAloM ke pakSa meM aneka yuktiyA~ dI haiM aura phira unakA khaNDana kara usakA sAMgopAMga vivecana kiyA hai| abhinava gupta ne 'locana' aura 'abhinava bhAratI' meM zAnta rasa para jamakara vicAra kiyA hai| vivAda na kevala
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________________ lvi:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'zAnta' rasa ke (kAvya) nATyagata astitva para hai apitu usake sthAyI bhAva para bhI hai| unakA kahanA hai ki dharma, artha aura kAma kI taraha mokSa bhI eka puruSArtha hai jisakI upalabdhi ke upAyoM para zAstroM meM paryApta carcA hai / jisa prakAra kAma Adi tIna puruSArthoM ke anurUpa rati Adi cittavRttiyA~ hotI haiM aura anurUpa poSaka sAmagrI se paripuSTa hokara saMvAdI sahRdaya meM AsvAdya hotI haiM, usI prakAra mokSa prApti ke anurUpa bhI cittavRtti banatI hai| yahI cittavRtti rasyamAna hokara zAnta rasa ke rUpa meM niSpanna hotI hai| savAla yaha hai ki isa cittavRtti kA svarUpa kyA hai ? cittavRtti kA svarUpa honA isalie Avazyaka hai ki 'bhAva' (cittavRtti) vahI hotA hai| bhAva hI sAmagrI puSTa hokara rasa banatA hai / aneka prakAra ke pakSa-vipakSa rakhate hue antata: unhoMne mAnA hai ki tattvajJAna hI, jo AtmasvarUpa hai, zamatA hai / sahRdayarasika kI do sthitiyA~ haiM - 'samAdhi' kI aura 'vyutthAna' kI / samAdhi meM hI zAnta' kA anubhava rahatA hai, AtmA kA anubhava hotA hai, vyutthAna meM nahIM, parantu samAdhi meM cittavRtti kA nirodha rahatA hai / pAtaMjala yogasUtra ke sAkSya para unakA pakSa hai ki samAdhi se uThakara vyutthAna dazA meM bhI (samAdhi dazA ke anubhava se janita) saMskAra vaza kucha dera taka prazAntavAhitA banI rahatI hai| vyutthAna meM citta kI prazAntavAhI vRtti sambhava hai / yahI zAnta rasa kA anubhava sambhava hai / isa tattvajJAnAtmaka sthAyI ke laukika-alaukika samasta cittavRttiyA~ vyabhicArI haiN| tattvajJAna kA anubhava hI usakA anubhAva hai| IzvarAnugraha prabhRti vibhAva haiN| jaina prasthAna meM Izvara (IzvarakartRtva kI) kI sattA nahIM hai, ata:, jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai, Atmetara sukha kI anitya bhAvanA hI vibhAva hai| isI abhinava gupta ne 'locana' meM tRSNAkSayasukharUpa 'zama' ko 'zAnta' kahA hai, taba jaba vaha anurUpa sAmagrI se puSTa hotA hai| viSaya mAtra kI abhilASA kI sArvatrika nivRtti hI zama yA nirveda hai / viSaya mAtra se chuTakArA pAne kI icchA (cittavRtti) sAttvika svabhAva ke sahRdayoM meM to hotI hI hai / yaha bhI eka prakAra kI nirvedAtmaka cittavRtti yA manodazA hI hai| jo loga saba prakAra kI cittavRttiyoM ke prazama ko zAnta kA sthAyI bhAva batAte haiM unakA pakSa suvicArita nahIM hai| kAraNa, sthAyI bhAva ko bhAvarUpa hone ke lie cittavRtti rUpa honA Avazyaka hai| cittavRttiyA~ hI bhAva kahI jAtI haiN| kucha loga bharata ke "svaM svaM nimittamAsAdya..." ityAdi ko pramANa mAnate hue usa 'sAmAnya cittavRtti' ko zAnta kA sthAyI bhAva mAnate haiM jisameM kisI prakAra kA avAntara vizeSa utpanna na huA ho / isa pakSa meM sAmAnya hI sahI, kahI to gaI hai - cittavRtti hI / yaha sahI hai ki 'zAnta' rasa kI pAryantika pariNati nizceSTatA meM hai, aura abhinaya ceSTA hai| phalata: anabhineya kaha kara usakA nATya meM niSedha kiyA jAya to yaha bAta sabhI rasoM para lAgU hogii| pAryantika pariNati meM sabhI avarNanIya haiN| pAryantika pariNati se pUrva bhUmi meM (zAnta rasa kA anubhava karane vAle janaka Adi pAtroM meM) ceSTA kA honA dRSTigata hai / ina logoM meM vikSepa ke na hone se citta kA sadRza pariNAma dekhA gayA hai / yaha sadRza pariNAma hI prazAntavAhI sthiti hai, zAnta kA anubhava hai| isa vyutthAnakAla meM zAnta rasa (ke AsvAdayitA) kI ceSTAe~ dekhI jAtI haiM / hA~, yaha avazya hai ki isa rasa kA anubhava vItarAga ko hI hogA, sarvasAmAnya sahRdaya ko nahIM hogaa| isakA khaNDana kevala isalie kara diyA jAya ki yaha rasa sarvasAmAnya ke anubhava meM nahIM aataa| jaba kisI ke anubhava meM AtA hai, taba usakA astitva kaise nakAra diyA jAya / vIra Adi rasoM meM isakA antarbhAva bhI sambhava nahIM hai| kAraNa hai, unameM ahaMkAra kA sadbhAva jabaki zama meM usakA prazama hotA hai / bhaTTatauta praNIta kAvyakautuka ke vivaraNa meM abhinava ne isa para aura bhI prakAza DAlA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke cauthe khaNDa ke anta meM samarpita AtaMkavAdI ko bhI Atmasukha rUpa zAnta ke prati sandeha hai / seTha parivAra ke sAtha AtmoddhAra prApta ghaTa ko dekhakara dharatI prasanna hokara kahatI hai : "sRjanazIla jIvana kA/vargAtIta apavarga huaa|" (pR. 483)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lvii dharatI kI bhAvanA sunakara kumbha sahita sabane kRtajJatA kI dRSTi se kumbhakAra kI ora dekhA aura nirabhimAna prazAnta kumbhakAra ne kucha hI dUra para pAdapa ke nIce pASANa phalaka para AsIna vItarAga sAdhu kI ora sabakA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA / gurudeva ne prasanna mana se abhaya kA hAtha uThAte hue kahA : "zAzvata sukha kA lAbha ho|" (pR. 484) yahI zAzvata svabhAva sukha kA lAbha zAnta rasa kA lAbha hai / parantu AtaMkavAdI kahatA hai ki saMsAra ke kSaNika sukha kA to use anubhava hai parantu akSaya sukha' para use vizvAsa nahIM ho rahA hai| yadi vItarAga gurudeva avinazvara sukha pAne ke bAda use unheM bhI dikhA sakeM, apanA anubhava batA sakeM, to vaha bhI usake prati Azvasta ho sake aura anurUpa sAdhanA meM utre| dala kI dhAraNA sunakara santa kahate haiM ki bandhanarUpa tana, mana aura vacana kA AmUla miTa jAnA hI mokSa nAmaka carama puruSArtha hai / isI kI zuddha dazA meM avinazvara sukha hotA hai / isa para bhI yadi use vizvAsa na ho to AcaraNa karake vizvAsa pUrvaka vaha usa jagaha pahu~ce jahA~ vItarAga sthita hai, tabhI use santa ke vacana para vizvAsa hogA aura vaha avinazvara sukha bhogegaa| tabhI vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI, para mArga meM nahIM, maMz2ila para / zAnta rasa kI anubhUti vastuta: mukta ko hI hotI hai, vItarAga ko hI hotI hai, samAdhi meM bhI aura vyutthAna meM bhii| ____ muktikAmI jIva ke pratIka ghaTa meM viSaya-saMsarga se utpanna vaibhAvika sukha ke prati nirveda hai, vairAgya hai / yahI anitya bhAvanA 'vibhAva' hai / ghaTa kahatA hai, mATI kA paryAya ghaTa : . "sukha-muktA hU~/duHkha-yuktA hU~/tiraskRta tyaktA hU~ mA~ !" (pR. 4) - "isa paryAya kI/iti kaba hogI?/isa kAyA kI/cyuti kaba hogI ? batA do, mA~ ise !" (pR. 5) kumbha-muktajIva kA pratIka-meM zAnta kA anubhAva' jagaha-jagaha varNita huA hai / gahana sAdhanA aura tapa se usakA kaSAya zAnta ho gayA hai, samasta tRSNA kA kSaya ho cukA hai, zama yA tattvajJAna ho gayA hai evaM sabhI prakAra ke upasarga aura parISahoM ko vaha pAra kara cukA hai| seTha ke yahA~ se bhejA huA sevaka jaba usake muktabhAva yA paripakvAvasthA kI parIkSA karatA hai, taba usameM se 'sA-re-ga-ma-pa-dha-ni' kI dhvani sunAI par3atI hai, arthAt usake roma-roma se yaha dhvani nikala rahI hai ki samasta prakAra ke du:kha AtmA ke svabhAva meM nahIM haiN| yaha zAnta rasa aura mukta vItarAga kA anubhava hI to hai| seTha ke samuddhAra kA sArA prayAsa 'zAnta' kA pracAraNa hI to hai, usakA kArya hI hai / ina saba ceSTAoM se usameM zAnta yA mokSa kI pratiSThA pramANita hotI hai| rahe vyabhicArI bhAva, so unake viSaya meM bhI dekhanA caahie| isa paryAya kI iti kaba hogI' - isa paMkti meM prayukta 'kaba' pada se 'kAlAkSamatva' rUpa autsukya' nAmaka vyabhicArI bhAva kI vyaMjanA hai / Alocya grantha meM sthAnasthAna para aneka saMcAriyoM kI vyaMjanA huI hai| abhISTa kI prApti se utpanna hone vAlI cittavRtti kA nAma harSa' hai / isakI vyaMjanA una paMktiyoM se hai jinameM iSTa zilpI kA apanI tarapha AnA varNita huA hai : "apanI ora hI/bar3hate bar3hate/A rahe vaha zramika-caraNa"/aura/phUlI nahIM smaatii|" (pR. 25) 'harSa' kI vyaMjanA anekatra hai, vahA~ bhI jahA~ ghaTa aneka parIkSAoM se guz2aratA huA maMz2ila pA letA hai athavA vahA~ bhI jahA~ vaha upAsaka saparivAra seTha ko pAra lagA detA hai / saMskArajanya jJAna 'smRti' hai :
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________________ lviii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "chane jala se kumbha ko bhara kara/Age bar3hA ki/vahI purAnA sthAna jahA~ mATI lene AyA hai/ zilpI kumbhakAra vaha ! parivAra-sahita kumbha ne/kumbhakAra kA abhivAdana kiyaa|" (pR. 481) puruSa ko parAbhava mahasUsa ho aura ceharA vivarNa yA adhomukha ho jAya to jo manodazA hotI hai, use 'vrIDA' kahate haiN| kumbhakAra ke prAMgaNa meM megha-muktA kI ora lapakatI maNDalI aura rAjA ko dekha kumbha vyaMgya kasatA hai, para kumbhakAra usake bar3abolepana para pratAr3ita karatA hai / taba kumbha ko apane kie para 'vrIDA' hotI hai : "kumbhakAra ne kumbha kI ora/baMkima dRSTipAta kiyA ! Atma-vedI, para marma-bhedI/kAla-madhura, para Aja kaTuka kumbha ke kathana ko virAma mile/ "kisI bhA~ti,/aura rAjA ke prati sadAzaya vyakta ho apanA/isI Azaya se|" (pR. 218) 'dhRti' vaha manodazA hai jisase lobha, zoka, bhaya Adi se prasUta kSobha kA nivAraNa ho jAtA hai / isameM viveka, zAstra jJAna Adi vibhAva hote haiM va cApalya Adi kA upazama anubhAva / ghaTa kI mahAyAtrA meM aise aneka kSaNa Ate haiM jaba vaha upasarga aura parISahoM ko dhRtipUrvaka sahana karatA hai / tapana, sAgara kI ora se preSita badalI, bAdala tathA antima khaNDa meM AtaMkavAdiyoM kA AkramaNa-aisI aneka bhayAvaha ghaTanAe~ haiM jinameM dhRtipUrvaka ghaTa yAtrA taya karatA hai / svayaM bhI vivekaprasUta dhRti dhAraNa karatA hai aura saparivAra seTha ko bhI sAhasa tathA dhRti pradAna karatA hai| "Upara ghaTatI isa ghaTanA kA avalokana/khulI A~khoM se kumbha-samUha bhI kara rhaa| para,/kumbha ke mukha para/bhIti kI lahara-vaiSamya nahIM hai / " (pR. 251) 'mati' kA to Agara hai yaha ghaTa / mati vaha manodazA hai jo artha kA nirdhAraNa karatI hai aura isa nirdhAraNa ke pIche zAstrIya vicAra kAma karate haiM / zaMkAhInatA tathA saMzaya kA uccheda Adi anubhAva hotA hai / kaThina samaya meM zIghra nirNaya mati se hotA hai / isa prakAra zAnta rasa ke poSaka - upAyAvasthA ke poSaka - sAdhanoM kA samyak upayoga huA hai / vyabhicArI bhAvoM kI puSkala abhivyaMjanA huI hai| mahAkAvya ke pAramparika sA~ce meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki yahA~ eka aMgI rasa to honA hI cAhie, aMga rUpa meM anya rasoM kA bhI prayoga ho sakatA hai / aMga rUpa meM vyaMjita rasa aparipuSTa hote haiM / phalata: unheM aupacArika rUpa meM hI rasa kahA jAtA hai / atirikta aMga rUpa rasoM ke sthAyIbhAva vyabhicArI bhAva hI hote haiN| Alocya kRti ke dUsare khaNDa meM, jahA~ mATI kA rauMdA jAnA Arambha huA hai-vahA~, prasaMgavaza prAya: navoM rasoM kI bAta AI hai| ina rasoM kI sattA tadanurUpa vibhAva aura anubhAvoM kI yojanA se mUrta huI hai| para jaisA ki upadezaparaka aura vicAraparaka isa kRti kI prakRti rahI hai, aise prasaMga bhI prakRti se prabhAvita hue haiN| Azraya aura Alambana prAya: yahA~ bhI acetana haiN| phalata: aMgIbhUta saMvedanA kA jisa taraha aMga banakara inheM AnA cAhie, vaise nahIM A pAe haiN| vIra rasa zilpI ke AjAnu pada se mATI lipaTI huI hai aura lipaTana kI isa kriyA meM mahAsattA mATI kI bAhuoM se vIra rasa' phUTa rahA hai aura kaha rahA hai zilpI se ki vaha apanI vijaya kAmanA kI pUrti ke lie pyAlA bhara-bhara kara pI le| parantu zilpI kA vIrya usako phaTakAratA hai aura sIkha detA hai ki vijaya Aga se nahIM pAnI se zAnta rasa kI mahAyAtrA meM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lix pAyA jAtA hai / ahaMkAra Aga hai aura vinamratA paanii| Aga pAnI para apanA asara dikhA sakatI hai para pAnI to taba bhI usakI sattA samApta kara sakatA hai / vIra meM ahambhAva hotA hai, bhale hI dhIrodAtta meM vaha vinayacchanna ho, zAnta meM usakA astitva niHzeSa ho jAtA hai / kumbhakAra zAnta rasa kA pakSadhara hai| vaha mAnatA hai ki usakA kahIM bhI antarbhAva nahIM ho sakatA / isa prasaMga meM vIra rasa kI vyaMjanA to vyAja hai / vastuta: zAnta ke pratipakSI rUpa meM usakA nakAra hI upadiSTa hai| hAsya rasa vIra rasa kI anupayogitA para zilpI kA vaktavya suna kara mATI kI mahAsattA ke adharoM se hAsya phUTa par3A aura upahAsAspada bane vIra rasa kI mahattA para kucha kaha calA / zilpI ne hAsya kA bhI upahAsa kiyA aura usakI bhI anupayogitA yaha kaha kara jatAI ki kheda-bhAva ke vinAza hetu bhale hI hAsya upayogI ho, para zAnta meM upayogI veda-bhAva ke vikAsa hetu hAsya kA tyAga hI anivArya hai / kAraNa, antata: vaha bhI kaSAya hI hai| phira ha~sor3a meM kAryAkArya kA viveka kahA~ hotA hai aura zama ke lie nityAnitya ke viveka kI parama AvazyakatA hotI hai| raudra rasa zAnta ke pakSadhara zilpI para hAsya ne apanA prabhAva jamate na dekha kara raudra kA smaraNa kiyA / anubhAva varNanA dvArA raudra kA prAkaTya huA, mahAsattA mATI ke bhItara se / zilpI ne use bhI phaTakArA aura saumya mudrA meM nirbhIka hokara bolaa| eka hai rudratA, jo vikRti hai aura dUsarI ora bhadratA hai, jo prakRti hai / pahalI samiTa hai aura dUsarI amiTa / isa vaktavya se raudra rasa apanI bhayAvahatA meM aura bhayAvaha AkAra grahaNa karatA hai, jisase zilpI meM bhIti' udita ho, para zilpI matimAn hai / usakI mati bhIti kA sAmanA karane ko udyata hai-eka sabhaya hai, dUsarA abhaya hai / bIca meM hai ubhayavatI mati / mati abhayA ho jAtI hai / yaha zilpI puruSa kA prabhUta prabhAva hai| zAnta ke Age usakA bhI vaza nahIM claa| adbhuta rasa yaha eka asAdhAraNa, phalata: adbhuta ghaTanA thI / aisI adbhuta ki vismaya ko bhI vismaya ho aayaa| usakI palakeM apalaka raha gaIM aura vANI mUka ho gii| zRMgAra rasa vismaya kA bhI zAnta para kucha prabhAva calate na dekha zrRMgAra ke mukha kA Aba utarane lgaa| zilpI ko una viSayAndha zRMgArikoM para tarasa AyA / kAraNa, ve viSaya ke andhakAra meM nimagna haiN| zilpI kI dRSTi se rasa to zAnta hI hai; zeSa meM parasaMsargaja vikAra haiN| unameM vaibhAvika rasa hai jo vastuta: arasa hai / zAnta rasa ke upAsaka ko rUpa kI nahIM, arUpa kI pyAsa rahatI hai, isIlie jar3a zRMgAroM se use kyA prayojana ? usakA saMgIta saMgAtIta hai aura prIti aMgAtIta / isa prakAra zRMgAra kA bhI niSedhya rUpa se varNana huaa| bIbhatsa rasa ____svara kI nazvaratA aura sArahInatA sunakara prakRti kI nAsA pravAhita hone lagI, bIbhatsa ke vibhAvoM kA jamaghaTa laga gyaa| jina aMgoM ko dekhakara rAga hotA hai, una para bIbhatsa vairAgya paidA kara mAnoM vaha bhI zRMgAra ko nakAra detA hai| isa prakAra bIbhatsa zRMgAra se haTAkara cetanA ko zAnta rasa kI ora unmukha kara detA hai| karuNa rasa prakRti aura lekhanI hI nahIM, svayaM karuNA bhI apane bAla-svarUpa kaNa-kaNa meM uphanatI saMgharSa parAyaNa aura dhvaMsAvasAyI bhAvoM kI sthiti dekhakara phaphaka uThatI hai| zilpI isa ati ko dekhakara stabdha raha jAtA hai aura kahatA hai auroM kI tulanA meM karuNA heya nahIM, upAdeya hai para usakI bhI sImA hai| usakI sahI sthiti samajhanI hai / dizAbodhinI
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________________ lx :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA karuNA karane vAlA aura usakA pAtra banane vAlA, donoM kA mana ghulatA hai, donoM kucha apUrva anubhava karate haiM: "para ise/sahI sukha nahIM kaha sakate hm|" (pR. 154) yaha karuNA duHkha kA Atyantika kSaya nahIM kara sktii| isalie 'karuNA' meM duHkha kA Atyantika kSaya karane vAle zAnta kA antarbhAva nahIM ho sakatA / karuNA prabhAvita aura pravAhita hotI hai / zAnta na prabhAvita hotA hai aura na pravAhita / vaha sthira hai / racayitA kA dhyAna varNana karate samaya prabodha para adhika rahatA hai| tabhI rasa kA prasaMga Ane para bhI kahatA hai : "viSaya ko aura vizada karanA caahuuNgaa|" (pR. 156) vAtsalya rasa ___karuNA alaga bhAva hai aura vAtsalya alaga / isameM gurujana Azraya hote haiM aura zizu Alambana / mahAsattA mA~ Azraya hai yahA~ / karuNA kI bhA~ti yahA~ bhI dvaita hotA hai - Azraya-Alambana kA / advaita mauna rahatA hai| yaha bhI kSaNabhaMgura bhAva hai / ata: sthAyI aura avinazvara zAnta kA usameM bhI antarbhAva sambhava nhiiN| vAtsalya aura karuNA ye donoM hI laukika bhAva haiN| saba rasoM kA anta honA hI zAnta rasa hai| Upara rasoM kA abhivyaMjana kama aura varNana hI adhika hai, jisameM racayitA unake saMvedanAtmaka pakSa ko gauNa rakhakara zAnta ko rasarAja batAtA huA vaicArika pakSa para bala detA hai / jisa prakAra zAstragranthoM meM rasa-sAmagrI kA varNana hotA hai, yahA~ bahuta kucha vaisA hI hai / kahIM-kahIM saMvedanAtmakatA kI bhI chauMka hai para mUlata: jhukAva isa pratipAdya para hai ki zAnta anya rasoM meM anantarbhukta tathA unakA upamardI hai / vaha AtmAsvAda rUpa hone se aura parasaMsargaja bhAvoM se alaga hai| ghaTa, jisa sAdhaka jIvAtmA kA pratIka hai usameM zAnta rasa aura mokSa puruSArtha kI pratiSThA hI racayitA kA lakSya hai| Azraya meM Arambha se hI nityAnityavivekajanmA zama kI pratiSThA hai, vaibhAvika sukha meM vairAgya hai / etadartha apekSita sabhI zAstrokta upAyoM kA sahArA letA hai, guru kA mArganirdeza pAtA hai| sabhI prakAra ke kaSAya athavA vikAroM kA nAza karatA hai| yaha bAta pahale vistAra se kahI jA cukI hai ki zAnta kI pAryantika sthiti ko varNana yA vyaMjanA meM bhI utAranA sambhava nahIM, vaha anubhavaikagamya hai / usakI upAyAvasthA kA hI varNana sambhava hai aura vaha huA hai / aura rasoM kI vAsanA sahRdaya sAmAjika mAtra meM hai para zAnta kI yA usake sthAyI bhAva (zama) kI mukta meM hI sambhava hai / isake rasayitA parigaNita hI haiN| aise prasaMgoM meM samAdhistha ho jAte hoMge aura phira vyutthAna meM kucha samaya taka citta kI prazAntavAhitA rahatI hI hai| vaicArika pakSa 'mAnasa taraMga' meM racayitA kahatA hai : "aise hI kucha mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana hetu isa kRti kA sRjana huA hai aura yaha vaha sRjana hai jisakA sAttvika sAnnidhya pAkara rAgAtireka se bharapUra zRMgAra rasa ke jIvana meM bhI vairAgya kA ubhAra AtA hai|" yahI vairAgya yA nirveda nAmaka sthAyI bhAva prakRta grantha kA aMgI rasa hai, yaha bAta pahale kahI jA cukI hai| prayojana kI dRSTi se mokSa nAmaka caturtha puruSArtha hI isakA pratipAdya hai| zAstra kI dRSTi se mokSa aura kAvya kI dRSTi se zAnta rasa isakA pratipAdya hai, isIlie yaha kRti zAstrakAvya hai| jaina prasthAna ke isa zAstrakAvya meM kAvya ke mUla upAdAna saMvedanA ke ghaTaka 'vicAra' pakSa kA jahA~ taka sambandha hai, racayitA kI mUla vicAradhArA apane prasthAna kI honI svAbhAvika hai / gantavya (mokSa) ke prati isa prasthAna meM 'samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra' samudita rUpa se 'mokSa' kA 'mArga' hai / inameM se kisI eka ke abhAva meM mokSa niSpanna nahIM hogaa| pUrva-pUrva se uttara-uttara kA unmeSa hotA hai| 'darzana' 'jJAna' meM kAraNa hai aura 'darzana' sahita 'jJAna'
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lxi 'cAritra' meN| phira tInoM sammilita rUpa se mokSa meM sAdhana haiM, upAya haiN| isI ke sAtha yaha bhI jAnanA cAhie ki yadi 'mukta' puruSa meM 'cAritra' hai to 'jJAna'Avazyaka hai aura 'jJAna' hai to 'darzana' kI sattA anivArya hai| matalaba 'AsthA' ke sAtha 'jJAna'-pUrvaka kiyA gayA 'AcaraNa' hI abhISTa phala paidA karatA hai / jJAnahIna kI kriyA aura kriyAhIna kA jJAna vyartha hai aura ye donoM vyartha haiM-AsthAhIna ke| mokSamArgI ghaTa' jaba 'mokSa' ke lie kathA ke Arambha meM hI apanI gaharI abhIpsA yA saMkalpa sacce dila athavA mukta hRdaya se vyakta karatA hai taba anurUpa pratidhvani mahAsattA dharatI se nikalatI hai / vaha sabase pahale 'AsthA' arthAt 'samyag darzana' kI hI bAta karatI hai / vaha kahatI hai-'prati sattA meM aparimeya sambhAvanAe~ hotI haiM jo anurUpa nimitta pAkara caritArtha hotI haiN|' 'sabase pahale rahasya meM par3I isa gandha kA anupAna AsthA kI nAsA' se karanA hogA' (pR.78); 'AsthA se vAstA hone para rAstA svayaM zAstA hokara sambodhita karatA huA sAdhaka ko sAthI bana sAtha detA hai' (pR. 9); 'sAdhanA kI a~guliyA~ jaba AsthA ke tAroM para calatI haiM tabhI sArthaka jIvana meM svarAtIta saragama jharatI hai' (pa.9) / gambhIra sAdhanA kI jvAlA se jaba ghaTa kI AtmA kA samagra vikAra kSINa ho jAtA hai aura seTha kA sevaka usa paripakva ghaTa kI parIkSA karatA hai taba usameM se 'sA-re-ga-ma-pa-dha-ni' yAnI 'sAre gama pada nahIM kA svara sunAI par3atA hai, arthAt AtmA kA svabhAva samasta du:khoM se mukta hai / vaha nitya niratizaya Ananda svarUpa hai, yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| usake samasta bandha hetu- mithyAdarzana, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga- kSINa ho cuke haiN| usameM 'samyak jJAna' kA udaya ho cukA hai / vaha sAdhanA ke sabhI guNasthAnoM para ArUr3ha ho cukA hai| jaba taka sAdhaka sva-bhAva meM pratiSThita nahIM ho jAtA taba taka Atyantika mukti sambhava nahIM hai / jaba sAdhanAtmaka manthana se navanIta dadhi se bAhara A gayA, taba phira usase milakara sAMkarya kI sthiti prApta nahIM kara sktaa| caturtha khaNDa meM ghaTa ke sabhI Avaraka karmoM kA kSaya ho cukA hai, ata: vaha samyak jJAnI hai / vaha pramANa tathA nayoM dvArA sabhI tattvoM- jIva, ajIva (dharma, adharma, kAla, AkAza) Asava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa- kA jJAna prApta kara letA hai / isake jJAna meM saMzaya, viparyAsa tathA anadhyavasAya nahIM hotA / tattvata: cAritra AtmA kA svarUpa hI hai / ata: usakI abhivyakti darzana aura jJAnagata samyaktva se hotI hai| paMca mahAvrata isI svabhAva kI abhivyakti ke lie haiN| siddhAvasthA taka pahu~cane ke lie sAdhaka ko jisa naitika unnati ke anusAra Age bar3hanA par3atA hai, ve hI mokSamArga ke sopAna caturdaza guNasthAna haiM / Alocya kRti ke dvitIya, tRtIya aura caturtha khaNDoM kI samasta sAdhanA kI vyAkhyA inake Aloka meM kI jA sakatI hai / samyag jJAnI se AcaraNa yA cAritra vaise hI phUTatA hai jaise puSpa se gandha / mukta ghaTa zaraNAgata seTha parivAra kI mukti meM svayaM pravRtta hotA hai| 'mokSazAstra' meM kahA gayA hai ki kaSAya, pApa aura vyasana Adi saMsAra ke kAraNoM se virakta honA tathA deva pUjA, dAna Adi zubha kriyAoM meM pravRtta honA samyak cAritra hai| kumbha kahatA hai : " 'sva' ko sva ke rUpa meM/'para' ko para ke rUpa meM jAnanA hI sahI jJAna hai,/aura/'sva' meM ramaNa karanA sahI jJAna kA 'phl'|" (pR. 375) Age vaha apanI prakRti kA paricaya detA huA jhArI se kahatA hai : "kisI raMga-rogana kA mujha para prabhAva nahIM,/sadA-sarvathA eka-sI dazA hai merI isI kA nAma to samatA hai|" (pR. 378)
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________________ lxii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA jaina prasthAna meM tIrthaMkaratva hI sevA kA Adarza hai / kevalajJAna kI prApti terahaveM guNasthAna meM aura siddhilAbha caudahaveM guNasthAna ko pAra karane para hotA hai| sAmAnyata: kevalajJAna pAkara bhI use sabhI prANiyoM meM dene kA kArya nahIM hotA, para yaha tIrthaMkara meM avazya hI hotA hai, jo eka prakAra se sevA bhAva hai| brAhmaNa dharma kA sadguru, buddha dharma kA sambuddha aura jaina prasthAna kA tIrthaMkara bhI sevA yA niSkAma karma kA parama Adarza hai / jaba taka jIva kA granthiviccheda nahIM hotA taba taka zuddhilAbha nahIM hotA / zuddhilAbha kI pUrNatA tIrthaMkaratva meM hI hai| jisa jIva meM granthiviccheda hote hI vizvavedanA kA anubhava hone lage, phalata: usakI nivRtti meM saMlagna ho jAya, vahI jIva tIrthaMkara ho pAtA hai aura vahI sevA kA ucca Adarza prApta kara sakatA hai| kevalajJAna prApta karane ke bAda siddha ghaTa apane prati samarpita (seTha parivAra) ke uddhAra meM saMlagna ho jAtA hai| isI sevAbhAva aura cAritra meM kRti parisamApta hotI hai / kRti kI parisamApti meM santa kI dhAraNA "bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA/AmUla miTa jAnA hI/mokSa hai| isI kI zuddha-dazA meM/avinazvara sukha hotA hai / " (pR. 486) sAdhaka ke saMkalpa kI yaha niSpannatA hai| sAdhaka ghaTa kI samyak zraddhA kaisI hai-nisargaja athavA adhigamaja ? ananta sambhAvanAoM kA upAdAna to vaha hai, para nimitta kauna hai ? mokSa, isa bandhana se kaise prApta ho-yaha becainI to ghaTa meM sahaja hai, parantu tadartha apekSita mokSamArga kA nirdeza kauna kare ? samyagdarzana kaise aura kahA~ se Ae ? isa kRti meM apanI hI aMzI dharatI ke upadeza se AsthA yA zraddhA kI nAsA ghaTa ko milatI hai, ata: adhigamaja hI kahA jA sakatA hai| brAhmaNa prasthAna meM upAdAnagata sambhAvanaoM ko mUrta hone ke lie pAramezvara anugraha kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| kAraNa, vahA~ atirikta Izvara kI kalpanA hI nahIM hai / saMsAra anAdi hai / usake nirmANa ke lie Izvara kI apekSA nahIM hai| 'mAnasa taraMga' meM isakI samyak upasthApanA kI gaI hai| yahA~ kevala upAdAna hai aura usameM nihita sambhavAnAoM ko mUrta hone meM nimitta kAraNa bhI haiM, jinameM se kucha udAsIna hote haiM aura kucha preraka / unakA pratibandha rAhitya to apekSita hai hI, sAmagraya bhI apekSita hai| Alocya kRti meM apane prasthAna kI aneka dArzanika aura pAribhASika padAvaliyA~ prayukta huI haiM, una saba para vicAra isa saMkSipta bhUmikA meM sambhava nahIM hai / granthakAra kI to pratijJA hI hai ki yahA~ kAvyocita aura rocaka paddhati para saiddhAntika mAnyatAe~ nirUpita kI jAyeM, phalata: ve saMvAdoM se bharI par3I haiN| AcAryazrI ne bhAratIya hI nahIM, prAya: vizva ke sabhI darzanoM meM bahucarcita 'niyati' aura 'puruSArtha' kA dvandva bhI uThAyA hai aura apanI cira paricita nirukti paddhati kA bhI sahArA liyA hai / 'niyati' aura 'puruSArtha' kI vibhinna vyutpattiyA~ sambhava haiN| caturtha khaNDa meM seTha atithi sadguru se prArthanA karatA hai : "kaise bahU~ maiM aba Age !/kyA pUrA kA pUrA AzAvAdI baneM ? yA saba kucha niyati para chor3a dU~ ?/chor3a dUM puruSArtha ko ? he parama-puruSa ! batAo kyA karU~ ?/...kartA svatantra hotA hai yaha siddhAnta sadoSa hai kyA ?" (pR.347-348) sadguru uttara dete haiM : " 'ni' yAnI nija meM hI/ 'yati' yAnI yatana - sthiratA hai
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lxiii apane meM lIna honA hI niyati hai/nizcaya se yahI yati hai, aura/'puruSa' yAnI AtmA - paramAtmA hai| 'artha' yAnI prAptavya - prayojana hai/AtmA ko chor3akara saba padArthoM ko vismRta karanA hI/sahI puruSArtha hai|" (pR. 349) yaha AcAryazrI kI prauDhokti hai / rekhAMkita paMktiyA~ unakI dRSTi se niyati aura puruSArtha kA svarUpa spaSTa karatI haiN| ise prakRta prasthAna ke vaicArika Aloka meM savistAra dekhanA caahie| jaina darzana meM niyati aura puruSArtha amRtacandra sUri ne 'puruSArthasiddhayupAya' meM anAdi bandha kA varNana karate hue kahA : "jIvakRtaM pariNAmaM nimittamAtraM prapadya punaranye / svayameva pariNamante'tra pudgalAH karmabhAvena // 12 // pariNamamAnasya citazcidAtmakaiH svayamapi svakaiviH / bhavati hi nimittamAtraM paudgalikaM karma tsyaapi"||13|| jIva dvArA kie gae rAga-dveSa-moha Adi pariNAmoM ke nimitta pAkara pudgala paramANu svata: hI karma rUpa se pariNata ho jAte haiN| AtmA apane cidAtmaka bhAvoM se svayaM pariNata hotA hai, pudgala karma to usameM nimitta mAtra hai| jIva aura pudgala eka dUsare ke pariNamana meM paraspara nimitta hote haiN| pUrva karma se rAgadveSa aura rAgadveSa se pudgala karmabandha kI dhArA bIja vRkSa kI santati kI taraha anAdikAla se cala rahI hai| pUrvakarma ke udaya se rAga-dveSa kI vAsanA aura rAga-dveSa kI vAsanA se nUtana karmabandha kA cakra kaise ucchinna ho, yahI mUla roga hai / vastuta: pUrvakarma ke udaya se honevAlA karmaphalabhUta rAga-dveSa-vAsanA Adi kA bhoganA karmabandhaka nahIM hotA, kintu bhogakAla meM jo nUtana rAga-dveSa rUpa adhyavasAna bhAva hote rahe haiM, ve bandhaka hote haiM / aisA hotA hai mithyAdRSTi ko na ki samyagdRSTi ko / samyagdRSTi kA bhoga naI vAsanA paidA nahIM karatA / vaha pUrva karma ko zAnta karatA hai aura nUtana paidA nahIM hone detA / malataba samyagdRSTi kA karmabhoga nirjarA hI nahIM, saMvara kA bhI kAraNa banatA hai| AtmA kA svarUpa upayoga hai / AtmA kI caitanya zakti ko 'upayoga' kahate haiN| yaha citizakti bAhyaAbhyantara kAraNoM se yathAsambhava jJAnAkAra paryAya ko aura darzanAkAra paryAya ko dhAraNa karatI hai| jisa samaya caitanya zakti jJeya ko jAnatI hai usa samaya sAkAra hokara 'jJAna' kahalAtI hai tathA jisa samaya mAtra caitanyAkAra rahakara nirAkAra rahatI hai taba 'darzana' kahalAtI hai / darzana aura jJAna, krama se hone vAlI paryAyeM haiN| nirAvaraNa dazA meM caitanya apane zuddha caitanya rUpa meM lIna rahatA hai / isa anirvacanIya svarUpamAtra pratiSThita AtmamAtra dazA ko hI 'nirvANa' kahate haiM / nirvANa arthAt vAsanAoM kA nirvANa / AtmadRSTi hI bandha kA uccheda karatI hai| buddha ko AtmA se cir3ha hai / vaha usa AtmasambandhI nitya dRSTi ko hI sarva anarthamUla mAnate haiN| vAstava meM sarva anarthamUla AtmasvarUpa kA anyathAvabodha hai| dharma, adharma, AkAza aura asaMkhya kAlANu kA sadRza pariNamana hI hotA hai para rUpa, rasa, gandha tathA sparza guNa vAle pudgala paramANuoM kA zuddha pariNamana to hotA hI hai, skandhAtmaka azuddha pariNamana bhI hotA hai / sthUla zarIra aura karmamaya sUkSma zarIra se baddha jIva kA vibhAvAtmaka yA vikArI pariNamana hotA hai, para svarUpa bodha ho jAne para zarIroM ke ucchinna hone se zuddha cinmAtra raha jAtA hai| phira use anyatra ahaMkAra yA mamakAra nahIM hotA / dharmakIrti kA yaha vaktavya
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________________ lxiv :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ThIka nahIM hai : "Atmani sati parasaMjJA svaparavibhAgAta parigrahadveSau / anayoH saMpratibaddhAH sarve doSAH prajAyante ||"pr.vaa.- 1 / 121 / / AtmA tIna prakAra ke haiM - bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA / zarIrAdi parapadArtha meM Atmabuddhi hai to bahirAtmA, samyagdRSTi kI para-padArtha se Atmabuddhi haTa gaI hai so antarAtmA aura vahI kramaza: paramAtmA ho jAtA hai| jIva aura ajIva kA yoga hI bandha hai aura mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga-ye pA~ca usake kAraNa haiN| asamyagdRSTi mithyAdRSTi hai / avirati- vratAcaraNa kA abhAva, viziSTa rati kA abhAva hai| pramAda asAvadhAnI hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kaSAya haiM / kAya-vacana evaM mana kA karma yAnI kArya hI yoga hai / bandhana-mukti hI mokSa hai, jo ina kAraNoM ke haTAne se sambhava hai / mokSa samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra-tInoM ke hone se hotA hai, cAritra zUnya mAtra samyagjJAna yA mAtra samyagdarzana se nahIM / vaidikadhArA mAtra jJAna se hI mukti mAnatI hai| svarUpapracyava mithyA dRSTi se hotA hai, ata: sarvavidha patana kA mUla kAraNa vahI hai / isalie samyak dRSTi honA Avazyaka hai / yaha ho kaise ? dravyagata zaktiyA~ niyata haiM para unake pariNAma anivArya hokara bhI aniyata haiN| pariNamana nimitta ke sadbhAva para nirbhara karatA hai / jIva dravya aura pudgala dravya kA hI khela yaha jagat hai| donoM paraspara ke pariNamana meM nimitta haiM aura donoM kI apanI zaktiyA~ niyata haiN| inheM koI kama-jyAdA nahIM kara sakatA / vahA~ hamArA puruSArtha kAma nahIM de sakatA / hamArA puruSArtha sambhAvanA ko upalabdhi kA AkAra dene meM hai, koyale ke hIrAparyAya ke vikAsa meM hai| koyale meM yaha sambhAvanA hai / jaba karmabandha aura tadanurUpa nimittavaza pratyeka jIva kA pratisamaya kAryakrama nizcita hai arthAt parakartRtva to hai hI nahIM, svakartRtva bhI nahIM hai, taba puruSArtha kyA artha rakhatA hai ? svAtantrya kahA~ hai puruSArtha kA? niyativAda meM puruSArtha kahA~ hai ? upAdAna meM jaisI yogyatA hogI aura nimitta jaisA milegA, vaisA hogA / isa nIrandhralauhacakra meM svAtantrya kahA~ ? puruSArtha kahA~ ? pApa-puNya kahA~ ? pariNamana niyata hai, para jisa hetu se niyata hai, use hetu banane meM tIna kAraNa haiM-eka to vaha kArya se avyavahita 'pUrvakSaNa meM vidyamAna' ho, dUsare 'apratibaddha' ho, tIsare 'avikala' ho / rAgAdi kaSAya kA, jina kA upAdAna AtmA hai, nimitta pudgala haiM, ataeva rAgAdi kaSAya yA vAsanA paudgalika kahe jAte haiM / adhyAtma ubhayavidha kAraNa se kArya hotA hai, yaha mAnatA hai, para yaha upAdAna kA sudhAra cAhatA hai, usakI dRSTi isI para rahatI hai / ata: vaha pratisamaya apane mUlasvarUpa kI yAda dilAtA rahatA hai ki terA svarUpa to zuddha hai, ye rAgAdi kubhAva paranimitta se utpanna hote haiM, ata: para nimittoM ko chor3a / isI meM ananta puruSArtha hai, na ki niyativAda kI niSkriyatA meM / kArya mAtra ke lie upAdAna aura nimitta-donoM kAraNa haiN| donoM kI samagratA hI dravyagata nijasvabhAva hai| yaha sahI hai ki adhyAtmaniSTha puruSa ke lie bAhya nimitta gauNa haiM / mokSa ke lie donoM Avazyaka haiN| svAmI samantabhadra ne 'svayambhU-stotram' meM kahA hai : "bAhyetaropAdhisamagrateyaM kAryeSu te dravyagata: svbhaavH| naivA'nyathA mokSavidhizca puMsAM tenA'bhivandhastvamRSirbudhAnAm" // 60 // jIva ke bhAvoM ke nimitta se pudgaloM kA karmarUpa paryAya hotA hai aura pudgaloM ke karmarUpa paryAya se jIva rAgAdi rUpa se pariNamana karatA hai / upAdAnadRSTi se AtmA apane bhAvoM kA kartA hai / pudgala ke jJAnAvaraNAdi rUpa dravyakarmAtmaka pariNamana kA kartA nahIM hai / ahaMkAra yA mamakAra ghAtaka hai| upAdAna AtmA ke guNa-vikAsa meM hamArA svAtantrya hai, para ve guNa yadi AtmA meM na hote to kyA maiM paidA kara letA? yA anurUpa nimitta na milatA to upAdAna meM bhI sambhAvita guNoM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lxv kA vikAsa ho pAtA ? puruSArtha meM isa prakAra nizcaya naya se svAtantrya hai, para isakA ahaMkAra nahIM honA caahie| sAtha hI upAdAna yogyatA ke hI saba kucha hone se adhyAtma kA akartRtva bhI hai| nizcaya naya vastu kI paranirapekSa svabhUta dazA kA varNana karatA hai jabaki vyavahAra naya parasApekSa avasthAoM kA / nizcaya naya se AtmA akartA hai, vyavahAra naya se krtaa| "yasmAt kriyA: pratiphalanti na bhAvazUnyA:" (kalyANamandirastotram, 38)- bhAvazUnya kriyAe~ saphala nahIM hotii| yaha bhAva hai-nizcaya dRSTi / nizcaya naya paranirapekSa AtmasvarUpa ko kahatA hai| usakI dRSTi parama vItarAgatA para rahatI hai| ve hI kriyAe~ mokSa meM sArthaka haiM jo parama vItarAgatA kI sAdhikA aura poSikA haiN| isa prakAra niyati aura puruSa ke svAtantrya se puruSArtha-donoM kA sahabhAva nirUpita kiyA jAtA hai aura usakI granthi sulajhAI jAtI hai| Alocya kRti meM darzanocita cirantana cintana ke to vibhinna pakSa carcita haiM hI, jina para svatantra granthAkAra lekhana sambhava hai, unake sAtha samakAlIna samasyAoM para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| unakI bhI saMkSipta carcA prAsaMgika hogii| aise prasaMga adhikAMzata: caturtha khaNDa meM haiN| udAharaNArtha : (ka) mATI aura dharatI kI mahimA (kha) avAma kA mahattva (ga) nArI mahimA aura unakI vartamAna sthiti (gha) parigrahavRtti aura tajjanya zoSaNa kA tANDava (Ga) AtaMkavAda aura mAnavatA (ca) sTAra vAra kA saMketa (cha) baranAlA prabhRti anya prAsaMgika aura sAmayika saMketa racayitA apane samaya kI samasyAoM se kaise taTastha raha sakatA hai ? usakA dhyAna upalabdhiyoM para to hai, para usase z2yAdA vaha sambhAvanAoM ko kAvya kA viSaya banAtA hai, gagana kI apekSA dharatI kA yazogAna karatA hai, kara kI apekSA pA~va kA mahattva nirUpaNa z2yAdA karatA hai / sambhAvanA kisa taraha saMgharSa karatI huI upalabdhi banatI hai, isako gAthAbaddha karatA hai| usakA nAyaka svarNakA ghaTa nahIM. mATI kA ghaTa banatA hai| Aja kA yaga mAnA ki baunoM kA hai, Aja hamArA vizvamaMca mahAn vibhUtiyoM ke prakAza se kama, haivAnoM ke andhakAra se jyAdA ghirA hai| parigrahI aura svArthAndhavRtti samAja meM zoSaNa aura vizvamaMca para AtaMkavAda aura sTAra vAra kI vibhISikAe~ paidA kara rahI hai| nArI aura garIba trasta haiN| svarNa kA varcasva hai / usake pAsa bhautika haivAniyata bharI tAkata hai / vaha insAna para apanA raktima paMjA jamAe hue hai| pANigrahaNa ke bAda prANagrahaNa ho rahA hai / racayitA ina sabhI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna AtmavAdI prasthAna meM dekhatA hai| padArthavAdI vaijJAnika cintana 'bhautikatA' ko hI kAmya banAtA hai jo apanI vinazvaratA aura sImAoM meM aparyApta par3akara durnivAra aura haivAniyata bhare saMgharSa ko Amantrita karatA hai / yadi hameM ina saba samasyAoM para vijaya pAnI hai to cetanAvAda kI zaraNa meM jAnA hI hogaa| vahA~ aisI sampatti hai jo avinazvara hai, para-nirapekSa hai, nitya aura niratizaya hai tathA avinazvara aura sAravAn hai / isIlie grantha samApta karatA huA racayitA santa ke svara meM kahatA hai : "isIlie ina/zabdoM para vizvAsa lAo,/hA~, hA~ !! vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI/avazya milegI/magara mArga meM nahIM, maMjila para!" (pR. 488)
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________________ lxvi :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA isa prakAra kRti kA vaicArika pakSa na kevala AmuSmika apitu aihika pakSa se bhI samRddha hai| prastuta kRti kA bhASApakSIya vivecana bhASA yadi sampreSaNa kA mAdhyama hai to kavi kI kalpanA ke lie aisA vizva meM kucha bhI nahIM hai jo kucha na kucha use sampreSita na karatA ho / ata: vyApaka artha meM bhASA kA svarUpa aparimeya aura aparibhASya hai / 'mUkamATI' kI bhASA aisI na hotI huI bhI aisI hI hai| usameM kyA nahIM bolatA / na bolanA bhI bolatA hai, mauna bhI mukhara hai / prastuta prasaMga meM bhASA kA yaha svarUpa anupayogI hai / isa sandarbha meM bhASA-kavi kI bhASA, kavi karma kI bhASA, kAvya kI bhASA vAgarthamayI hai / gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ne kahA hai : "Akhara aratha kavihiM valu sA~cA / anuhari tAla gatihiM naTa nAcA // " dhvaniprasthAna paramAcArya Anandavardhana ne bhI mahAkavi kI pahacAna batAte hue kahA hai : "so'rthastadvyaktisAmarthyayogI zabdazca kazcana / yatlata: pratyabhijJeyau tau zabdArtho mahAkaveH // " dhva.pra.u./8 arthAt mahAkavi kI apanI pahacAna 'kucha aura' hI artha aura usakI abhivyakti ke anurUpa sAmarthya sampanna aura hI zabda ke prayoga meM hai / ye zabdArtha yatnapUrvaka puna: puna: anusandhAna yA bhAvana kI apekSA karate haiN| bhAratIya AcAryoM ne vyavahAropayogI aura zAstrIya yA vyavasthita cintana meM upayogI sAmAnya bhASA' se 'kAvyabhASA' kA vyatireka nirUpita karate hue kahA hai ki sAmAnyabhASA kA prayojana yA to vyavahAra calAnA hotA hai yA jJAna kI paridhi kA vistAra / kAvyabhASA meM ye bAteM gauNa hotI haiN| usakA sampreSya 'kucha aura' hI hotA hai, jise prayojanAtIta prayojana kahA gayA hai- kAMTa ke zabdoM meM Purposeless Purpose. ise zabdAntara se a-vyaktigata AsvAda kaha sakate haiM, a-laukika saundarya saMvedana kaha sakate haiM sahRdayagrAhaka kI dRSTi se / sarjaka usI manodazA kA sampreSaNa anurUpa vAgbhaMgimA se karatA hai / bhAratIya paramparA vidheyAtmaka paddhati para use apanI prakRti meM sAmAjika aura ziva mAnatI hai / samAjAnumodita sAmagrI ko sundara DhaMga se sampreSita karane ke lie (samAjAnumodita manodazA meM) sarjaka jisa bhASA ko apanI anurUpatA meM pakar3atA hai, vahI kAvyabhASA hai / Anandavardhana ise 'lalitocitasannivezacAru' kahate haiM aura paNDitarAja 'smucitllitsnniveshcaaru'| abhinava gupta 'lalita' kI vyAkhyA karate hue use 'guNa aura alaMkAra'paraka mAnate haiM / guNaalaMkAramaNDita kAvyabhASA AsvAda ke bhAvana meM samartha hotI hai, isIlie vaha ucita hai / paNDitarAja kA Azaya spaSTa karate hue nAgeza bhaTTa kahate haiM ki yadi sanniveza- zabdasanniveza sampreSya AsvAda ke anurUpa hai to vaha samucita hai aura samucita hai to hI 'lalita' hai| matalaba bhAratIya sAhityika paramparA meM doSa rahita bhASA hI kAvyabhASA banatI hai jaba guNa aura alaMkAra se maNDita ho / kuntaka sAmAnya bhASA ko kAvyabhASA banane ke lie Avazyaka mAnate haiM ki vaha kavi kI pratibhA se prasUta vakratA yA bA~kapana se maNDita ho / yaha bA~kapana vyavahAra aura zAstra kI piTI-piTAI lIka se haTakara prayukta kI gaI kAvyabhASA meM hotA hai / kuntaka sampreSya 'cArutA' yA 'saundarya' ko pratibhA-prasUta mAnatA hai / vaha kahatA "yat kiMcanApi vaicitryaM tatsarvaM pratibhodbhavam / " kAvya meM sampreSya 'cArutA' pratibhA yA kavivyApAra se hI utpanna hai / isI cArutA se maNDita hokara zabdArtha 'kucha
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lxvii aura hI' jAna par3ate haiN| ve kAvyocita zabdArtha yA kAvya kI bhASA mAne jAte haiN| isIlie 'pratibhA' kA svarUpa nirUpita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki vaha 'apUrvavastunirmANakSamaprajJA' hI hai| prazna yaha hai ki vastu meM pratIta yaha apUrvatA vastu kI nijI vizeSatA hai yA utpAdita ? Anandavardhana aura kuntaka - donoM hI apane-apane DhaMga se isakA uttara dete haiN| Anandavarddhana kA pakSa hai ki kAvya bhI eka prasthAna hai, jIvana ke carama prayojana ke lAbha kA aura yaha lAbha hai 'nijacitsvarUpavizrAnti' yA 'svarUpabodha' / kavi inakI dRSTi se do prakAra ke haiM- pariNata prajJa aura prAthamika yA AbhyAsika / prAthamika yA AbhyAsika kavi kI to nahIM parantu pariNata prajJa kavi kA vyApAra, kavi karma tadanurUpa 'vibhAvAdi saMyojanAtmA' hotA hai| unakI dRSTi meM yahI kavi kA mukhya karma hai| sarjaka kAvya nirmANavelA meM isI AsvAdamaya svarUpabodha kI lokottara bhUmi para pratiSThita hotA hai / isa kAvyAnubhUti ke Aveza meM niSNAta zabdArtha jaba jaivikI prakriyA se vyakta hote haiM to kucha aura yA apUrva jAna par3ate haiM / isa prAtibha Aveza meM nisargajAta phUTa par3ane vAle kAvyapravAha ke antargata alaMkAra ke nimitta atirikta prayAsa nahIM karanA par3atA / vaha 'apRthagyatnanirvartya' hotA hai| rahA guNa, vaha to usa AsvAda kI nisarga siddha vizeSatA hai / isa prakAra prAtibha Aveza meM svataH samucchvasita kAvyabhASA 'guNAlaMkAramaNDita' hokara hI nikalatI hai / usakA bAda meM sAyAsa maNDana nahIM hotaa| usake 'vAcaka' aura 'vAcya' bhI kucha aura hote haiM / arastU ise Strange Word kahate haiM / ajanabI yA apUrva kA artha yaha nahIM hai ki ve aparicita yA sarvathA aparicita hote haiM Anandavardhana kahate haiM : "sarve navA ivAbhAnti madhumAsa iva drumAH " - vasanta meM jaise rahate ve hI druma haiM, para naI AbhA se maNDita hokara nae se lagate haiM, isI prakAra isa kAvyabhASA kI bhI sthiti hai / vaha paricita hokara bhI aparicita hai, ata: 'kucha aura' yA 'apUrva' hai / zabda aura artha kA abheda hone se yaha apUrvatA ubhayaniSTha hai| vaha kahate haiM: "vAcyAnAM ca kAvye pratibhAsamAnAnAM yad rUpaM tattu grAhyavizeSAbhedenaiva pratIyate / " zAstra aura vyavahAra kI bAta chor3ie, kAvya meM jo (vAcaka aura ) vAcyArtha pratIta hotA hai vaha pratyakSa pramANa se grAhya jaisA yAnI pratyakSAyamANa lagatA hai, apanI samasta vyaktigata vizeSatAoM ke sAtha | vyavahAra aura zAstra meM mAtra artha grahaNa hotA hai para kAvya meM bimbArtha grahaNa hotA hai, bimba rUpa meM, saMzliSTa rUpa artha kA grahaNa hotA hai| ise artha saMzleSa kaha sakate haiN| isI meM kavi kI sarjanAtmaka pratibhA kA prakAza hotA hai| kahA jA sakatA hai ki Anandavardhana cArutA yA apUrvatA kevala bhASA ke vyaMjaka aura vyaMgyamaya zabdArtha meM hI mAnate haiM, para yahA~ to usa apUrvatA kI sattA vAcyArtha meM bhI batAI jA rahI hai, sau kaise ? vyaMjanA svarUpabodhamaya AsvAda kI prakriyA hai / paNDitarAja ke zabdoM meM vaha svarUpa para par3e hue AvaraNa kA bhaMga hai| unhoMne kahA hai : "vyaktizca bhagnAvaraNA cit"'vyakti yA vyaMjanA nirAvaraNa cit kA hI nAmAntara hai jo vijJAnavAdI bauddhoM kI bhA~ti svarUpabhUta Ananda yA AsvAda prakAzaka hotA hai| 'prakAza' kAra ne kahA hai : "svAkAra iva" - vijJAna apane hI AkAra kA prakAzaka hotA hai / vastutaH afa kI pratibhA koI niyama nahIM jAnatI, vaha kisI niyama yA siddhAnta se nahIM ba~dhatI, taba isa niyama se kaise ba~dha jAyagI ki kAvyocita cArutA kA sambandha vyaMjaka zabda yA vyaMgya artha se hI hai| yahI to pratibhA kA svAtantrya hai ki vaha cArutA kA udreka kahIM bhI kara sakatI hai, vAcyArtha ho yA vyaMgyArtha / himabhaTTa ne bhI pratibhA yA kavi vyApAra kA svarUpa nirUpita karate hue mAnA hai ki vaha kavirUpI ziva kI tIsarI A~kha hai jisase vaha vyavahita-avyavahita, viprakRSTa- aviprakRSTa yAnI dezakAlagata aura dezakAlAtIta samasta vizva ke padArthajAta kA sAkSAtkAra karatI hai| unakA kahanA hai ki padArtha kA svarUpa prakAra kA hotA hai- sAmAnya aura viziSTa / sAmAnya svarUpa parokSa pramANa prApta hotA hai aura viziSTa rUpa eka mAtra pratyakSa pramANa se / yahI pratyakSagrAhya viziSTa rUpa hI satkaviyoM kI pratibhAprasUta vANI kA viSaya banatA hai| kAraNa, pratibhA nAma kI jo usakI tIsarI A~kha hai, usase vaha padArthajAta kI asAdhAraNatA, viziSTatA, kucha aura kA grahaNa karatI hai / kroce ne bhI kahA
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________________ lxviii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA hai jJAna kA iNTyUTiva rUpa 'vyakti' yA 'viziSTa' ko aura lAjikala rUpa 'sAmAnya' ko apanA viSaya banAtA hai| pratibhA dvArA dRSTa padArtha kA yaha asAdhAraNa rUpa, apUrva rUpa, sundara rUpa padArtha kA svAbhAvika dharma hai, utpAdita yA Aropita nahIM hai| kuntaka bhI isI tathya ko apane DhaMga se rekhAMkita karate haiN| unakA bhI mAnanA hai ki pratibhA hI kavi vyApAra hai aura vahI vakratA hai / kAvyabhASA kI, sAmAnya bhASA kI apekSA jo vaiziSTya hai, vaha isI pratibhA kI prasUti hai| ina pAramparika bhAratIya AcAryoM ke uparyukta vivecana se jo niSkarSa nikalatA hai vaha yaha ki cArutA yA padArthagata subhaga tattva padArtha ke spandamaya svabhAva meM hai| use sakSama sarjaka pratibhA se kuredakara ubhAra detA hai, vaiyaktika vizeSatAoM se maNDita (artha mAtra nahIM) saMzliSTa artha yA bimbArtha kA upasthApana karatA hai / hA~, yadi pratibhA kI naisargika A~kha sarjaka meM nahIM hai to vaha upasthApya artha meM ramaNIyatA kA AdhAna karatA hai, Upara se DAlatA hai| ye sarjaka prAthamika yA AbhyAsika haiM / vakroktijIvitakAra ne ina donoM prakAra ke kavikarmoM ko dRSTigata kara kahA hai : "lInaM vastuni yena sUkSmasubhagaM tattvaM girA kRSyate nirmAtuM prabhavenmanoharamidaM vAcaiva yo vA kaviH / vande dvAvapi tAvubhau / " arthAt pratibhA sampanna kavi vastumAtra meM avyakta rUpa se nihita sUkSma subhagatattva ko apanI vANI se ubhArakara sahRdaya grAhaka ko dRSTigocara karA detA hai, para jisameM yaha A~kha nahIM hai, vaha bhI prayatnapUrvaka varNyavastu ko manohara banA detA hai| donoM hI prakAra ke kavi vandanIya haiN| jo Adhunika Alocaka bhAratIya AcAryoM ke kAvyArtha- saMzliSTa artha yA bimbArtha ke vivecana ko nahIM jAnate aura jo nahIM jAnate ki unake mata se alaMkAra aura guNa 'apRthagyatnanirvartya' aura 'svabhAvadharma' haiM, ve kucha bhI kahate haiM aura kaha sakate haiN| AcArya rAmacandra zukla se lekara DaoN. rAmasvarUpa caturvedI aura DaoN. jagadIza gupta Adi taka yaha kahate sune jAte haiM ki pAramparika AcAryoM ne bimbArtha kI carcA nahIM kI hai / ina navacintakoM ko pAramparika kAvyazAstra kI gambhIratA aura vyApakatA kA manoyogapUrvaka anuzIlana karanA caahie| isa bindu para Age aura vicAra kiyA jaaygaa| samprati, lage hAtha zailI vaijJAnikoM kA bhI kAvya-bhASA ke sambandha meM kyA abhimata hai, yaha dekha lenA caahie| sAtha hI yaha bhI dekhanA cAhie ki vaha kAvyabhASA ke svarUpa-vizleSaNa ke sandarbha meM kitanA Age bar3hatA hai ? bar3hatA hai yA nahIM bar3hatA hai ? idhara nae bhASAvidoM ne 'AlocanA kI naI bhUmikA adA karane vAle 'zailIvijJAna' kI carcA kI hai| zailIvijJAna' stylistics kA rUpAntara hai| 'vijJAna' ke sAtha 'rIti' kA jor3anA jitanA saMgata hai, 'zailI' kA nhiiN| kAraNa, bhAratIya kAvyazAstra kI 'rIti' kI Antarika prakRti vastuniSTha hai aura 'vijJAna' kI bhii| viparIta isake 'zailI' meM AtmaniSThatA kI pratiSThA hai| bhAratIya AcAryoM ne 'mArga' yA 'rIti' ko svabhAva (daNDI aura kuntaka) se jor3akara 'svabhAva' ko bhI vastuniSTha' kara diyA hai, kama se kama isa sandarbha meM / sTAilisTiksa bhI mAnatA hai ki kAvyabhASA sAmAnya bhASA para hI samAdhRta hai, isIlie paricita hai phira bhI apanI sarjanAtmaka prakRti ke kAraNa 'aparicita' sI lagatI hai / sAmAnya bhASA rUr3ha artha ke bodha dvArA vyavahAra calAtI hai yA vyavasthita yA zAstrIya hokara hamAre bodha kI paridhi kA vistAra karatI hai| kAvyabhASA sarjaka yA racanAkAra ke a-vyaktigata stara para svAnubhUta satya kA AkarSaka DhaMga se sampreSaNa karatI hai| usakA sampreSya saMvedya saundarya yA sundara anubhUti hai| isakA grahaNa pratibhA' sahakRta zabda se hotA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lxix hai| grAhaka yA sarjaka kI pratibhA' kA sahakAra yadi zabda ko na mile to sarjaka sampreSita nahIM ho sktaa| bhAratIya cintana meM pratibhA' kA svarUpa taraha-taraha se paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| kucha loga use citta kA hI nirmala rUpa mAnate haiM aura kucha cit rUpa hI batAte haiN| sAmAnya bhASA ekakendrika hotI hai aura kAvyabhASA bahukendrika / pratibhA ke samparka se zabda raNana hI nahIM anuraNana karane lagatA hai aura anuraNana karatI huI artha kI parateM yA chAyAe~ eka bRhattara saMzliSTa arthacitra nirmita karatI haiN| pratibhA apane svarUpa meM aparimeya hai, ata: zabda dvArA sampreSita hone vAle artha apanI sambhAvanAoM meM pUrNata: gRhIta hI ho jAya~, yaha sambhava nhiiN| 'gahi na jAi asa adbhuta bAnI' sTAilisToM kA vicAra hai ki sAmAnya bhASA se kAvyabhASA 'cayana', 'vicalana', 'sAdRzya' aura 'viralatA' jaise prayogoM se apanA lakSya prApta karatI hai| mukAroskI kahatA hai : "Poetic language is characterized by a constant tension between automatization and forrounding." arthAt kAvyabhASA kA lakSaNa hI hai yantrabaddhatA aura pezabaMdI ke bIca nirantara tanAva banA rahanA / isa pezabaMdI ke uparyukta cAra srota carcita hue haiN| usane kahA hai ki pezabandI bhASA ke upAdAna tattvoM kA sarjanAtmaka uddezya se paricAlita Avartana hai / ukta srota paraspara vikalpa nahIM apitu pUraka haiN| pratibhA prayoktA yA sarjaka kA sAmarthya hai / yahI sAmarthya bhASA ko vaha sAmarthya pradAna karatA hai jisase vaha apanA lakSya vedha kara pAtA hai / bhASA kA sAmarthya usakI zakti hai| isIlie AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne zabda-zaktiyoM ko AlocanA kA kabhI na cukane aura cUkane vAlA astra kahA hai / isa zabdazakti para jitanA gahana vivecana bhAratIya AcAryoM ne kiyA hai, vaha anyatra durlabha hai| isalie maiM yaha mAnatA hU~ ki paurastya cintaka aparimeya sambhAvanAoM ke sAmAnya pratimAna de gae haiN| nayA prasthAna usakA vizeSIkaraNa aura bodhagamya vivaraNa hai| 'cayana' paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM se kisI eka kA cayana hai| kAraNa, usameM rUr3ha artha se atirikta artha dene kI kSamatA hai / yaha atirikta artha sandarbhagamya sampreSya ko saMvAda kI bhUmi para pahu~cA detA hai| vicalana yA vipathana mAnaka bhASA ke niyamoM kA soddezya atikramaNa hai, atirikta artha prApta karane ke lie / yahI bAta 'samAntaratA' yA 'sAdRzya' aura 'viralatA' ke lie kahI jA sakatI hai| kAvya kI sarjanAtmaka bhASA 'atirikta artha' cAhatI aura detI hai / dhvani siddhAnta isa atirikta artha para hI bala detA hai / dhvanikAra kahatA hai : "pratIyamAnaM punaranyadeva vastvasti vANISu mahAkavInAm / yattatprasiddhAvayavAtiriktaM vibhAti lAvaNyamivAGganAsu // "(1/4) sarjakoM kI bhASA meM yaha atirikta artha pratIyamAna artha hai aura vaha rUDha artha se bhinna hai| ThIka usI prakAra jaise sarvasAmAnya kI dRSTi meM AnevAle aMgoM se tadAzrita atirikta lAvaNya | kAvyabhASA kA yaha saiddhAntika pakSa hai / isa nikaSa para prastuta kRti kI bhASA kA vyAkaraNasammata tathA kAvyasammata parIkSaNa bhI karanA cAhie / isa pakSa se bAta karate samaya kucha sImAoM aura vivazatAoM ko dRSTigata na rakhA jAya to kRtikAra ke sAtha samucita nyAya nahIM hogA / una sImAoM meM se eka yaha hai ki racayitA mUlata: kannaDabhASI hai aura saMskRta ke mAdhyama se hindI kI ora AyA hai| tIsarI bAta yaha ki jisa prakAra kI anubhUti kI indradhanuSI AbhA se bhASA meM kAvyocita bA~kapana phUTatA hai, vItarAgatA ke kAraNa usa para A~ca AI hai| aisA nahIM hai ki usameM usa indradhanuSI AbhA se bhASA ko maNDita karane kI kSamatA nahIM hai, para vaha udhara se virakta hai / kSamatA kA Akalana karanA hI ho to unake prakRti varNana ke prasaMgoM ko liyA jA sakatA hai| laukika jIvana kI anubhUtiyoM ke jvAra-bhATe yahA~ haiM nahIM aura alaukika zAnta kI pAryantika dazA avarNanIya hai / phalata: vivazatApUrvaka upAya pakSaparaka saMgharSa kA citraNa yA varNana mAtrA meM adhika hai| zAstrakAvya hone ke kAraNa saMvAdoM
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________________ lxx :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kI bhASA meM saiddhAntika mAnyatAoM ko ukerane para prAtibha saMrambha z2yAdA hai / ata: ye sImAe~ bhASAgata kAvyocita AbhA ke pUrNa prasphuTana meM Ar3e AtI haiM / katipaya prayoga vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi meM saMskAra cyuta ho sakate haiM, jaisA ki AlocakoM ne lakSita kiyA hai / racayitA kI eka aura pravRtti hai aura vaha hai nirvacana kI / camatkAra paryavasAyI hone para yaha kuvalayAnandakArasammata nirukti alaMkAra bhI bana jAtA hai, para vaisA na hone para vaha mAtra praur3hi pradarzana hai / vizeSakara saMkhyAparaka saMyojana kA camatkAra akAvyocita kutUhala meM paryavasita hotA hai| ye kucha sImAe~ Alocya kRti kI bhASA kI ho sakatI haiM, para usakI kucha upalabdhiyA~ bhI haiM jinheM naz2araandAz2a nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| . racayitA kI bhASA sambandhI sImAoM kA ullekha sAmAnyata: Upara kiyA jA cukA hai, ata: usake vistAra meM maiM nahIM jAnA cAhatA / yahA~ bhASA sambandhI unakI upalabdhiyoM kI carcA kI jaaygii| kRti kI bhASA tatsama bahula pariSkRta hindI hai / isameM zAstravizeSa kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI bhI hai aura isakA kAraNa saiddhAntika mAnyatAoM kA upasthApana hai / nizcaya hI isa kAraNa sAmAnya pAThaka - jo isa darzana aura usakI pAribhASika zabdAvalI se aparicita hai - kaThinAI kA anubhava karegA aura kevala kAvyabhASA kA rasika thor3A bickegaa| itanA to spaSTa hai ki prastuta kRti meM kaI prakAra ke sthala haiM - (1) bhAvasikta tathA saundaryabodha maNDita prakRti ke varNanAtmaka sthala (2) bhAvasikta sthala (3) vaicArika mAnyatAoM se garbhita sthala (4) sAmAnya varNanaparaka itivRttavAhI sthala tathA anyavidha / sarvAdhika kAvyocita bhASA prathama prakAra ke varNanAtmaka sthaloM kI hai jisakA ullekha pahale bhI kiyA gayA hai| prakRti varNana ke prasaMga pUrvArdha meM hI haiM- prAta:varNana, zizira, vasanta evaM grISma Rtu varNana, saritA varNana aadi| uttarArdha meM bhI sthiti vizeSa ke varNana upalabdha haiN| ina sthaloM kI bhASA raMgIna hai| inameM racayitA kabhI-kabhI santajanocita lakSmaNa rekhA ko lA~gha bhI jAtA hai / yahA~ kalpanA bhI hai aura zabda-sAmarthya bhI; dhvanyAtmakatA, lAkSaNikatA aura upacAra-vakratA bhI; vicalana, sAdRzya, cayana aura samAntaratA bhI; AlaMkArika rujhAna, bimba aura pratIka bhii| abhiprAya yaha ki bhASA ko kAvyocita banAne ke sabhI saundarya srota / isase racayitA kI kSamatA kA bhI patA calatA hai| abhiprAya yaha ki usameM kAvyabhASA kI guNAtmaka kSamatA hai, mAtrAtmaka prAcurya na ho, yaha bAta bhinna hai| Arambha se hI cleN| kRti kA prArambha prAta:kAla ke ramaNIya varNana aura saritA-varNana tathA dArzanika saMvAda se hai-mA~ dharatI aura beTI saritA taTa kI mUkamATI / isameM kaI khaNDa citra haiM, sabako jor3akara prAta:kAla kA manorama citra ubharatA hai / nizA kA avasAna hai, uSA apanI aruNimA meM pratiSThita hai / nirabhra ananta meM nIlimA vyApta hai aura nIce nIravatA chAI huI hai| isa virAT citra ke bAda kalpanA umar3a par3I hai aura aprastuta bimba-vidhAna kI zrRMkhalA ba~dha gaI hai| prathama aprastuta bimba-vidhAna meM prastuta itanA hI hai ki aruNAbha prabhAkara maNDala prAcI meM udita hai / isa para kalpanA meM jo aprastuta kA bimba banA hai, vaha hai eka aise zizu kA, jo tandrita avasthA meM apane mukhamaNDala para mA~ kA aruNavarNI A~cala DAle hue aMgar3AiyA~ le rahA hai| bhAratIya kAvyazAstra kI dRSTi se yahA~ prastuta se aprastuta kI vyaMjanA ho rahI hai, ata: samAsokti alaMkAra hai / bhAnu kA mAnavIkaraNa to hai hii| isI varNana meM eka dUsarA bimba hai / varNana vahI prAta:kAlIna aruNAbha prAcI dizA kA hai / bimba aprastuta jo kavi kI kalpanA meM ubharatA hai vaha hai eka aisI nAyikA kA jisane apane sira se pallA haTA liyA hai aura khulA huA sImanta siMdUrI dhUla se raMjita hai| usakI yaha raMgIna rAga kI AbhA barabasa sahRdaya kI A~khoM ko apanI ora khIMca letI hai / racayitA ko yaha mudrA bhA gaI hai| yahA~ vItarAga santa ke bhItara kA anAsakta saundaryadarzI racayitA mukhara ho uThA hai| isI prakAra jahA~ eka ora prabhAkara kI kiraNoM se saMspRSTa nimIlanonmukha kumudinI para yaha kalpanA hai mAno kulIna patnI para-puruSa ke hAthoM ke sparza se bacane ke nimitta Atmagopana kara
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lxxi rahI hai aura paMkhuriyoM kI oTa meM apanI sarAga mudrA ko chipA rahI hai, vahIM dUsarI ora adhakhulI kamalinI bhI parapuruSa cA~da kI cA~danI taka kA sparza karanA anucita samajhatI hai, isIlie apanI A~kheM banda kara rahI hai / kavi isa nimIlana meM kAraNa batA rahA hai ki IrSyA jo na karA de, aura vaha bhI strI-paryAya meM to usakI sakriyatA aura bar3ha jAtI hai / isa samagra ukti se jo saundarya ubharatA hai usameM samAsokti aura arthAntaranyAsa kI saMsRSTi kArya kara rahI hai| yahA~ sAmAnya se vizeSa kA samarthana bhI hai| eka agalA bimba leN| candramA asta ho rahA hai, tArikAe~ AsamAna se eka-eka karake haTa rahI haiN| isa para kavi kI kalpanA yaha hai ki jaba tArApati haTa rahA hai to chAyA kI bhA~ti anugamana karane vAlI usakI paliyA~ bhI pIche-pIche isa bhaya se bhAgI calI jA rahI haiM ki kahIM parapuruSa prabhAkara apane phailate hue hAthoM se unheM chU na le / isa ukti ko eka koNa se dekheM to tArikAoM ke sahaja lupta hone meM akAraNa kI kAraNa rUpa se parikalpanA hai, phalata: hetUtprekSA hai to dUsarI ora se usameM eka bimba kI parikalpanA bhI hai| mAnavIkaraNa to hai hii| isa prakAra yahA~ bhI ekAdhika alaMkAroM kI saMsRSTi kahI jA sakatI hai| varNanAtmaka sthaloM ke kAvya saundarya kI carcA pichale pRSThoM meM bhI kI jA cukI hai / ata: una sthaloM ke kAvyocita saundarya srotoM kI bAnagI lene ke bAda samprati bhAvAsikta prasaMgoM ko liyA jAya ora dekhA jAya ki unameM Antarika bhAvadhArA kI abhivyaMjanA kitanI zakta aura kSama ho cukI hai| anubhUti ke gahare ehasAsa meM snAtabhASA kI dIpti dekhanI ho to ghaTa kI antarvyathA kI mA~ ke samakSa kI jAne vAlI abhivyakti ko dekheN| usake varNa-varNa vedanAsikta haiN| isameM 'vairAgya' yA nirveda kI to vyApaka abhivyakti hai hI, jisameM nityAnityatva kA 'viveka' bhI garbhastha hai / isa karmabandha se utpanna duHkharAzi se mukta hone kA 'autsukya' bhI vyaMjita hai / abhiprAya yaha ki aneka saMcArI bhAva sthAyI nirveda kI kroDa meM unmajjana-nimajjana karate hue bhASA ko dIpti pradAna karate haiN| dvitIya khaNDa meM jahA~ prasaMgAt vibhinna rasoM kI vyaMjanA kA prasaMga AyA hai, vahA~ bhI rasocita padazayyA aura anurUpa vibhAva-anubhAva kA saMyojana bhASA ke samucita saMyojana meM paryApta prabhAvI bana par3A hai| bhayAnaka aura bIbhatsa ke bolate citra dekhe jA sakate haiM : "itanA bar3A guphA-sama/mahAsattA kA mahAbhayAnaka/mukha khulA hai jisakI dAr3ha-jabAr3a meM/siMdUrI A~khoM vAlA bhaya/bAra-bAra ghUra rahA hai bAhara, jisake mukha se adha-nikalI lohita rasanA/laTaka rahI hai| aura/jisase Tapaka rahI hai lAra/lAla-lAla lahU kI buuNdeN-sii|" (pR. 136) isI prakAra mUrtimAn bIbhatsa kA citra dekheM "nAsA bahane lagI prakRti kii|/kuch gAr3hA, kucha patalA kucha harA, pIlA milA-/mala nikalA, dekhate hI ho ghRNA!" (pR. 147) aisI kAvyocita citrabhASA ina prasaMgoM meM vidyamAna hai| kahIMkahIM sthiti-vizeSa kA citra bhAvavihvala hokara aisA sahaja aura AlaMkArika udbhAvanAoM se uphana par3A hai ki racayitA kI kalpanA-zakti kI dAda denI par3atI hai| prasaMga hai cauthe khaNDa kA / seTha samAgata samAdRta satpAtra guru ke samakSa apanI vyAkulatA bharI jijJAsAe~ rakhatA hai aura unakI ora se samAdhAna milatA jAtA hai, isa taraha : "seTha kI zaMkAyeM uttara pAtIM/phira bhI..." (pR. 349) jisa mudrA meM seTha ghara kI ora jA rahA hai, usakA varNana upamAoM ke 'apRthagyatlanirvartya' avirala pravAha meM par3hate banatA hai|
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________________ lxxii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kRti ke pR. 349 se pR. 352 taka ke aMza paThanIya haiM / eka aMza dekheM: "jala ke abhAva meM lAghava/garjana-gaurava-zUnya varSA ke bAda mauna/kAntihIna-bAdaloM kI bhA~ti choTA-sA udAsIna mukha le/ghara kI ora jA rahA setth"|" (pR. 349) prasaMgoM kI udbhAvanA zakti kAphI urvara hai, yaha kahanA anAvazyaka hai| cauthA sandarbha saMvAdoM se bharI 'vicAra pravaNa bhASA' kA hai| yaha sahI hai ki saiddhAntika mAnyatAe~ saMvAdoM se bharI par3I haiN| unakI yojanA hI isIlie hai tathApi ve pAribhASika zabdAvalI se itanI bojhila nahIM haiM ki eka sAmAnya prabuddha sahRdayaka pAThaka kI pakar3a se bAhara raha jAya~ / saMkalpAnusAra jahA~-tahA~ apane prasthAna ke vicAra-garbha pAribhASika pada aura vAkya taka yahA~-vahA~ A gae haiM, jinheM kAvyazAstrI 'apratItatva' doSa se grasta mAnate haiN| eka bAta hai ki racayitA svayaM jAnatA hai ki vaha jinako kendra meM rakhakara vyutpatti kA AdhAna karane ke nimitta likha rahA hai ve sAmAnya pAThaka bhI ho sakate haiN| ata: jaba vaha aisI koI bAta rakhatA hai taba eka bAra kaha lene ke bAda bhI zabdAntara se use aura spaSTa karatA calatA hai / yaha sahI hai ki kAvya zAstra nahIM hai, para kAvya vicArazUnya hotA hai, aisA bhI nahIM hai| vicAroM kI rezamI Dora jitanI majabUta hogI, bhAva ke paiga utane hI lambe jA sakate haiN| eka udAharaNa leM : "isa para atithi socatA hai ki/upadeza ke yogya yaha na hI sthAna hai, na samaya/tathApi/bhItarI karuNA umar3a par3I sIpa se motI kI bhA~ti/pAtra ke mukha se kucha zabda nikalate haiM : 'bAhara yaha/jo kucha bhI dikha rahA hai/so "maiM nahIM hU~ aura vaha/merA bhI nahIM hai'."|" (pR.344-345) yaha eka dArzanika vaktavya hai, so subodha bhI hai aura durbodha bhI / matalaba yaha ki vicAragarbha sthaloM kI bhASA zAstra kI durbodha aura vyAkhyAgamya bhASA nahIM hai / bhASA jaba anubhUti se phUTatI hai aura anuvAda kI nahIM hotI, taba subodha hotI hai| bhASA kA pA~cavA~ sandarbha ghaTanAoM ke dhArAvAhika varNanAtmaka prasaMgoM" kA hai| cauthe khaNDa kA uttarArdha isakI prayogasthalI hai / yadyapi vicAra-garbha saMvAdoM kI yojanA se zUnya vaha bhI nahIM hai / ye varNana itivRttAtmaka paddhati para abhidhA kI bhASA meM haiM para kAvyAtmaka banAne kA prayAsa vahA~ bhI rahatA hai, dekheM : "uddaNDatA dUra karane hetu/daNDa-saMhitA hotI hai/mAnA, daNDoM meM antima daNDa/prANadaNDa hotA hai / " (pR. 430-431) aisI AnuprAsika yojanA pAThaka ko khIMcatI hai| ghaTanA varNana kI bhASA kA prasaMga hai, ata: eka udAharaNa : "tatkAla vidita huA viSadharoM ko/viplava kA mUla kAraNa / parivAra nirdoSa pAyA gayA/jo/iSTa ke smaraNa meM lagA huA hai, gajadala saroSa pAyA gayA/jo/ziSTa ke rakSaNa meM lagA huA hai|" (pR. 430) antyAnuprAsa yukta abhidhAmayI sapATa bhASA hai / alaMkAra prayoga, dhvani aura vakratA-garbha bhASA ke tamAma udAharaNa rakhe jA sakate haiM, para bhUmikA kI eka lakSmaNa rekhA hai, usake bAhara bhI nahIM jAnA hai| sAtha hI sampAdita saMkalana meM isa viSaya para vistRta nibandha milege / ata: lekhanI virata ho rahI hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lxxiii bhASA para vicAra karane ke sandarbha meM racayitA kI eka viziSTa pravRtti kA ullekha karanA Avazyaka hai| samIkSakoM kI dRSTi isa tarapha gaI hai aura isa para mahAkAvyocita gambhIratA ke sAtha khilavAr3a kI bAta kahI gaI hai, vizeSakara jahA~ 9 saMkhyA ko lekara guNAbhAga kA pradarzana huA hai| dvitIya khaNDa meM kumbhakAra svanirmita ghaTa para kucha saMketaka rekhAe~, aMka aura citra banAtA hai / unhIM meM yaha ki ghaTa ke karNasthAna para AbharaNa kI bhA~ti pratIta hone vAle 99 tathA 9 ke aMka aMkita haiM / saMkhyAoM kA yaha aMkana tattvodghATaka hai jisakA vivaraNa racayitA ne mUla meM diyA hai / behatara hotA yadi yaha guNAbhAga kAvya ke bhItara se haTAkara pAda-TippaNI meM alaga se rakha diyA gayA hotaa| racanAkAra saMskRta se hindI kI ora AyA hai| 'paMcazatI'-gata zatakoM meM usane ekAkSarI koza kA camatkAra pradarzita kiyA hai| vahI vRtti sandarbhavaza yahA~ bhI jahA~-tahA~ udgrIva ho gaI hai| yaha pravRtti grantha kI bhASA meM Adyanta prayukta dekhI jA sakatI hai| avasarocita artha prAya: vyutpattipUrvaka nikAle gae haiN| para kahIM-kahIM usakI prauDhokti bhI hai| 'sAre-ga-ma-pa-da-ni' meM 'dha' kI jagaha balAt 'da' rakha diyA gayA hai tAki avasarocita artha saMgati lagAI jA sake / 'kumbhakAra', 'niyati', 'puruSArtha, 'duhitA', 'abalA', 'nArI', 'mahilA', 'kalA' evaM 'gadahA' Adi yadi eka taraha ke udAharaNa haiM to 'dayA-yAda, 'caraNa 'cara na' tathA 'na raca', 'dharaNI-nIradha', 'hI' 'rA''rAhI ', 'rA'kha'kharA', 'AdamI' 'A-damI' ityAdi dUsarI taraha ke haiN| 'za' - 'sa' - 'Sa' kI vyAkhyA eka tIsarI vRtti ke udAharaNa haiN| kuvalayAnandakAra ne eka 'nirukti' nAmaka alaMkAra kI carcA kI hai jo camatkArI nirvacana para samAdhRta hai / yogazakti se nAmoM kI, jo bhinna artha meM pracalita haiM, arthAntara nikAlA jAtA hai / yaha sahI hai ki mahAkAvya kI gambhIravRtti se yaha camatkArI aura kutUhalatarpaka vRtti mela nahIM khAtI, tathApi mahAkaviyoM kI paramparA meM bhI isake darzana hote haiM / yaha yA aise prayAsoM ke pIche nihita uparyukta vRtti ke hI kAraNa ina prayogoM ko adhamakAvya ke antargata kahA gayA hai / Anandavardhana ne to inheM AkAra sAmya se aupacArika rUpa meM hI kAvya mAnA hai| ina saMkalita lekhoM meM do-tIna pustakAkAra nibandha bhI samAviSTa haiN| 'mUkamATI' sahita AcAryazrI ke vipula vAGmaya para tIna darjana se adhika zodhastarIya kArya bhI ho cuke haiN| ina bRhatkAya tathA laghukAya nibandha aura prabandhoM meM 'mUkamATI' se sambaddha aneka binduoM aura pakSoM para eka sImA meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai jinheM pariziSTa meM diyA gayA hai| yadyapi dArzanika aura kAvyapakSIya bahuvidha pakSoM para ukta prayAsoM se prakAza milatA hai tathApi mahAkavi kI racanAoM meM sambhAvanAoM kI parateM ni:zeSa nahIM hotIM / Anandavardhana ne mahAkavi kI pahacAna batAte hue kahA hai : "so'rthastadvyaktisAmarthyayogI zabdazca kazcana / yatnataH pratyabhijJeyau tau zabdArthoM mhaakveH||" dhva.pra.u./8 mahAkavi ke zabdArtha yatnapUrvaka puna:-puna: anusandheya hote haiM, unake artha ke ananta AkAza meM prAtibha pakSa kI zakti ke anusAra pAThaka kA pakSI nirAvadhi ur3a sakatA hai / isalie kahanA yaha hai ki jina binduoM para prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai aura jitanA jo kucha zodhakoM ne apane zodhagrantha meM saMkalita kiyA hai, unake atirikta aura bhI aneka pakSa sambhAvanAoM se saMvalita haiM, una para bhI Age kArya honA caahie| udAharaNArtha : 1. 'mUkamATI' kA zabda sAmarthya - abhidhA, lakSaNA, vyaMjanA Adi 2. 'mUkamATI' kI prAtibha vicchitti aura bhaMgimAe~ 3. kAvyazAstrIya vibhinna sampradAya aura 'mUkamATI' kA vastu aura rUpa pakSa 4. 'mUkamATI' aura vartamAna ke jIvanta sandarbha-racanAkAra kA yugabodha 5. 'mUkamATI' meM vyApta racanAkAra kA vyAvahArika aura vyavahArAtIta cetanA-vitAna 6. 'mUkamATI' meM pU~jIvAda, AtaMkavAda tathA anya vighaTaka pravRttiyoM kA saMketa aura unakI niSedhyatA
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________________ lxxiv :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 7. 'mUkamATI' meM lokamaMgala aura AtmamaMgala ke vividha saMketa, sAdhana aura samAdhAna 8. vividha bhAratIya darzanoM ke sandarbha meM 'mUkamATI' meM nirdiSTa darzana kI ApekSika aura tulanAtmaka vizeSatA kA nirUpaNa 9. 'mUkamATI' meM kramAgata bhaMgimAe~ aura navAviSkRta camatkArika bhaMgimAe~ 10. 'mUkamATI' meM pAtroM kI manodazAoM kA manovijJAna ke Aloka meM vivecana 11. zAnta rasa kI pakSa-pratipakSa pUrvaka sthApanA aura 'mUkamATI' meM usakI niSpatti kI prakriyA kA vistRta vivecana 12. hindItara vibhinna bhAratIya bhASAoM meM nibaddha mahAkAvyoM ke sAtha 'mUkamATI' ke tulanAtmaka vaiziSTya kA Akalana 13. pAzcAtya pratiSThita mahAkAvyoM ke sandarbha meM 'mUkamATI' kA vaiziSTya nirdhAraNa isa prakAra abhI bhI aura sambhAvita bindu vicArArtha lie jA sakate haiM aura khoja ke nae-nae dvAra udghATita kie jA sakate haiN| ___ yaha prabandha kAvya apanI saMyojanA meM sarvAMga abhinava prayoga kA sAhasa lekara sahRdayoM kI sabhA meM upasthita huA hai, ata: usa para taraha-taraha kI pratikriyAe~ AI haiM aura AtI rheNgii| prasAda kI 'kAmAyanI' para isI prakAra nirantara pakSa-pratipakSa banate rahe para Aja vaha eka chAyAvAdI mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM pratiSThita ho hI gaI hai| kAla ke nirmama nikaSa para yaha bhI kasA jAyagA, yadi apanI prANavattA isameM hogI to nissandeha mahAkAvyoM kI paramparA meM ise bhI jagaha milegI yA yaha svayaM apanI jagaha banA legaa| nae prayAsa ko jame hue logoM ke bIca apanI sthiti sudRr3ha karane meM samaya lagatA hI hai| isa sandarbha meM kavikulaguru kAlidAsa kI ukti yAda AtI hai : "purANamityeva na sAdhu sarvaM na cApi kAvyaM navamityavadyam / santa: parIkSyAnyatarad bhajante mUDhaH parapratyayaneyabuddhiH // " santa ve hI haiM, sahRdaya samIkSaka ve hI haiM jo ba~dhI-ba~dhAI lIka nahIM pITate aura svayaM vivekapUrvaka parIkSA karake nirNaya lete haiM ki kRti kahA~ taka grAhya yA agrAhya hai / antataH nirNaya aise hI loga deMge, isa vizvAsa ke sAtha yaha lekhanI yahIM virAma letI hai| punazca, prastuta kRti isa rUpa meM susampAdita hokara kabhI bhI na A pAtI, yadi munivarya zrI abhayasAgarajI kI ananya niSThA, aTUTa zrama aura durlabha dhairya kA kAMcana kiMvA pArasa saMsparza na miltaa| jisa truTi parihAra, pariSkAra aura samucita sudhAra kI bATa johate varSoM bIta gae aura usa cunautI ko uThAne vAlA koI nahIM dikhA, usa samaya munizrI ne svayaM isa gurutara bhAra ko uThAne kA adamya saMkalpa liyA / prasiddha zloka hai : "prArabhyate na khalu vighnabhayena nIcaiH, prArabhya vighnavihatA viramanti madhyAH / vighnaH puna:punarapi pratihanyamAnAH, prArabhya uttamajanA na parityajanti // " 'zreyAMsi bahuvighnAni'- zreyaH sampAdana meM vighna Ate hI haiN| Urdhvagamana meM adha:karSaka zaktiyA~ sakriya hotI hI haiM / yaha jAnakara nimnakoTi ke loga vighnabhIta hokara zubhakArya kA Arambha hI nahIM karate / madhyama koTi ke sAdhaka Arambha to kara dete haiM parantu vighnoM se pratihata hokara madhya meM hI virata ho jAte haiN| ve sAdhaka uccakoTi ke haiM jo bArabAra vighnavihata hone para bhI Arabdha ko chor3ate nahIM haiM, pratyuta use abhISTa gantavya bindu taka le jAkara hI rukate haiN| munivarya zrI abhayasAgarajI aise hI uttamakoTi ke sAdhakoM meM parigaNita kie jaaeNge| itane anuyAyiyoM aura anudhAviyoM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lxxv ke bIca yahI eka siddhasAdhaka dIptaprabha nakSatra kI bhA~ti sakriya ho uThe jinhone cirapratIkSita cunautI ko grahaNa kara vartanIzodhana tathA samasta pANDulipi kA punarIkSaNa kara Arabdha ko sampannatA pradAna kii| unake bhakti-nirbhara athaka prayAsa aura samarpaNa bhAvanA se avaziSTa kArya sampanna huA / isalie sampAdaka ke nAte maiM unheM namana karatA huuN| tIna khaNDoM vAle isa grantha ke sampAdana kA kAryabhAra pahale vidvadvara DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave, naI dillI ko diyA gayA thA aura unhoMne bar3I AsthA aura niSThA ke sAtha apanA uttaradAyitva nibAhA, para akAla meM kAlakavalita ho jAne ke kAraNa kArya bIca meM hI ruka gyaa| tadanantara Arabdha ke nirvAha kA dAyitva ina paMktiyoM ke lekhaka ko milA / aura zrI sureza sarala, jabalapura ke dvArA sthApita vyavasthA meM sthagita kArya puna: prArambha huA / dubArA santoSaprada vyavasthA meM yaha kArya kiyA gyaa| prAsAda ke nirmANa meM ghaTakoM kI vibhinna starIya tathA vibhinna sthAnIya ghaTanA hotI hai| kucha ghaTaka zikhara para hote haiM, kucha antarAla meM aura kucha nIMva meM par3e rahate haiM jisakI ora logoM kA dhyAna nahIM jA paataa| isa kArya meM kucha sArasvata upAsakoM kA bhI yogadAna sahAyaka ke rUpa meM hai unameM DaoN. ramezadatta mizra, pUrva prAcArya, zAsakIya kalA evaM vANijya mahAvidyAlaya, sAgara kA ullekha Avazyaka hai| unhoMne apane sAtha DaoN. zakuntalA caurasiyA, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA, . zAsakIya kalA evaM vANijya mahAvidyAlaya-sAgara, DaoN. saralA mizrA, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA, zAsakIya snAtakottara kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, sAgara evaM DaoN. rAjamati divAkara, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA, hindI vibhAga, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara ko rakhA thA aura unhoMne eka sImA meM kucha kiyA bhI / jo kucha aura jitanA kiyA, etadartha una logoM ko sAdhuvAda / anta-anta meM premazaMkara raghuvaMzI, haradA ne bhI apanI sevAe~ dIM, tadartha unako bhI dhanyavAda denA ucita pratIta hotA hai| prAsAda ke prabandhana meM prabandha sampAdaka maNDalagata sarvazrI sureza sarala, pUrva mAnada janasamparka adhikArI, AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara zodha saMsthAna,jabalapura; santoSa siMghaI, adhyakSa,zrI digambara jaina atizaya siddhakSetra kuNDalagiri, kuNDalapura, damoha, madhyapradeza; nareza divAkara (DI. ena.) vidhAyaka,sivanI; subhASa jaina (khamariyA vAle) sumata meDIkala sTorsa, sAgara ne akUta yogadAna kiyA hai| zrI saralajI ne lekhoM kA patrAcAra dvArA saMgrahaNa karAyA / zrI subhASajI kA sahayoga apratima aura zlAghya hai / vo saMghocita Atithya meM apanA uttaradAyitva nirantara jAgarUkatA se karate rahe haiN| ata: inake kAraNa cAhe sAgara ho yA nemAvara yA bilAsapura, sarvatra merI suvyavasthA sampAdita kI gaI, phalata: maiM apanA uttaradAyitva ThIka-ThIka apanI sImAoM meM nibhA sakA / zrI santoSa siMghaI kI bhI pratyakSa-apratyakSa sevAe~ milatI rhiiN| sAtha hI bhAgyodaya tIrtha, sAgara; dayodaya tIrtha, jabalapura ke kAryakartAoM Adi kA bhI yathocita sahayoga milA hai| ata: ina sabhI ko bhI maiM apanA sAdhuvAda denA ucita samajhatA huuN| AcAryazrI dvArA sthApita saMgha ke prati niSThAvAna, samarpaNazIla aura tyAgamUrti jina zrAvakoM kA isa punIta saMkalpa ke kAryAnvayana meM smaraNIya sahayoga rahA hai, ve haiM : zrI paMkaja jI prabhAta zAha, suputra zrImatI cintAmaNI jI dharmapatnI sva. savAI lAla jI mumbaI evaM zrI sundaralAla jI mUlacandajI, zrI kamala kumAra pavana kumAra agravAla jI evaM zrI saMjaya kumAra saMjIva kumAra jI meksa, zrI khemacanda jI indaura | sampAdaka aura prabandha sampAdakoM kI ora se inheM hArdika saadhuvaad| isa pANDulipi ke prakAzana meM bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke pUrva prabandha-nyAsI sva. sAhU ramezacandra jI ke sAttvika saMkalpa aura usake kAryAnvayana meM yogadAna denevAle unake Atmaja vartamAna prabandha-nyAsI zrI akhileza jaina ko sampAdaka kI ora se kRtajJatA jJApana ucita hai / isa sandarbha meM eka vAkya smaraNa AtA hai - 'kRtaghne nAsti nisskRtiH| sampAdaka tathA munivarya zrI abhayasAgara jI ke isa punIta kArya nirvahaNa meM jo yogadAna hai - vaha to hai hI, para isakI sAMgopAMgatA meM jJAnapITha ke mukhya prakAzana adhikArI DaoN. gulAbacandra jaina ne jAgarUkatA dikhAI hai, tadartha hArdika
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________________ lxxvi :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sAdhuvAda ke ve bhI satpAtra haiM / isa prakAra prakRta kArya meM pratyakSa-apratyakSa, sAkSAt paramparayA jisane bhI, jo kucha sAhAyya pradAna kiyA hai ve sabhI sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiN| vizeSakara kampyUTara meM TaMkaNa kA pUrA kArya sampanna karane vAle zrI dilIpa jaina 'guDDA', besTa kampyUTarsa, sAgara kA bahuta-bahuta dhanyavAda, jisake binA saba kiyA, na kiyA hI raha jAtA / antata: AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke caraNoM meM praNati nivedita karatA hU~ jinakI kRpA aura jinake varadahasta chAyA yadi na milatI to yaha saba kabhI bhI sambhava na ho paataa| sAre prAsAda nirmANa meM inhIM kI kRpA sugandha kI taraha adRSTigocara hotI huI bhI vyApta hai| unakI kRpA kA AkhyAna zabdAtIta hai / vaha kevala gur3a kI miThAsa kI bhA~ti anirvacanIya hai / zubha kArya meM vighna Ate hI haiM, para AcAryazrI kA amogha AzIrvacana tathA muni zrI abhayasAgarajI kI saMkalpa dRr3hatA se sAre vighna nizzeSa ho ge| aura vartamAna sthiti isI sabakI vAsantika pariNati hai / ata: unheM puna: -punaH namana karatA huA apanI lekhanI ko virAma pradAna karatA hU~ / pRSTha 58 isI kArya hetu - sulajhAte - sulajhAte rAmamUrti tripAThI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA dvitIya khaNDa viSayAnukrama udbhAvanA 'mUkamATI' : zabda se zabdAtIta taka jAne kI yAtrA (vArtAlApa) pAtanikI (sampAdakIya) sAhU akhileza jaina DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI XXV anukrama 1. 'mUkamATI' : sAdhanAmArga kA kAvyamaya AdhyAtmika dastAvez2a 2. 'mUkamATI' : eka vivecana 3. gahana praznoM kA sarala uttara : 'mUkamATI' 4. 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya : zRMgAra rasa kI nitAnta maulika vyAkhyA 5. eka virAgI kA loka rAga : 'mUkamATI' 6. 'mUkamATI' : adhyAtmabodha kAvya 7. 'mUkamATI' : rUpaka dvArA gahana adhyAtma kA iMgana 8. 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya : nayI kavitA kA eka sazakta hastAkSara ___ 'mUkamATI' : 'kAmAyanI' ke bAda kI sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa kAvyopalabdhi 10. 'mUkamATI' kA mahAkAvyatva 11. 'makamATI': hindI kavitA kI abhinava vidhA kI paricAyaka racanA 12. hindI kA mahanIya bhASAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' 13. 'mUkamATI' kI dArzanika pIThikA 14. 'mUkamATI' : eka prAsaMgika Adhunika mahAkAvya 15. 'mUkamATI' : cintana evaM anucintana 16. ahindIbhASI ke hindI prema kI nidarzaka kRti : 'mUkamATI' 17. 'mUkamATI' : eka mahAkAvya 18. 'mUkamATI' : akiMcana se maMgala ghaTa banane kI mukti yAtrA 19. mAnavIya prajJA ko uddIpta karane vAlA mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' 20. 'mUkamATI' meM AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kA rasa viSayaka mantavya DaoN. prabhudayAlu agnihotrI pro. kalyANa mala lor3hA bhagavatI prasAda berI sampAdaka : vizvamitra DaoN. prabhAkara zrotriya DaoN. viSNu datta rAkeza pro. (DaoN.) jagadIza candra jaina DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara' DaoN. kAnti kumAra jaina prA. mANika lAla borA DaoN. baccUlAla avasthI 'jJAna' DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva DaoN. komala candra jaina DaoN. puSpA baMsala DaoN. ghanazyAma vyAsa pro. (DaoN.) sAgaramala jaina DaoN.dharmacandra jaina pro. (DaoN.) umA zukla pro. (DaoN.) mahendra nAtha dube DaoN. ramezacanda jaina
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________________ lxxviii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 21. 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya : eka vinamra pratibhAva 22. 'mUkamATI' : terA abhinandana 23. saMvedanAoM kA mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' 24. 'mUkamATI' : eka zAzvata kAvya 25. dharma-darzana evaM adhyAtma kA sAratattva : 'mUkamATI' ___ mAnavatA kA mahAkAvya aura saMskRti kA vizvakAvya : 'mUkamATI' 27. 'mUkamATI' : kSaNabhaMguratA se gahana saMvAda 28. 'mUkamATI' : eka mUlyAMkana 29. 'mUkamATI' : bhAratIya jJAna ke vivekapUrNa pakSa kA udghATana 30. 'mUkamATI' kI zabda-sAdhanA 31. 'mUkamATI' : eka santa kI kAvya yAtrA 32. 'mUkamATI' : samajha aura AcaraNa kI kavitA 33. 'mUkamATI' : Adhunika hindI sAhitya kA 'vi'lakSaNa mahAkAvya 34. 'mUkamATI' : mAnava mUlya parakhane kA mahAkAvya 35. 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya : zuddha caitanya kI khoja 36. 'mUkamATI' : santa-kavi kA mukhara kAvya 37. 'mUkamATI' : kAvya jagat meM eka nayA kIrtimAna 38. 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI dArzanikatA 39. 'mUkamATI' : laghutA kI mahattA kA mahAkAvya 40. 'mUkamATI' : eka nayA prasthAna bindu 41. 'mUkamATI' : eka paryAlocana 42. Atma sAdhanA kI maMgala yAtrA : 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya 43. 'mUkamATI' : eka vihaMgAvalokana 44. 'mUkamATI' : eka sAMskRtika mahAkAvya 45. 'mUkamATI' kA racanA-sauSThava evaM usameM pratipAdita loka darzana - dRSTAnta bodha 46. Adhunika sandarbha meM 'mUkamATI' kI vivecanA 47. 'mUkamATI' meM prakRti citraNa 48. mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' : eka sArthaka sarjanAtmaka prayAsa 49. AdhyAtmika cetanA kA UrvIkaraNa : 'mUkamATI' 50. 'mUkamATI' kI mukharatA 51. bhAratIya saMskRti evaM sabhyatA kI gaurava gAthA : 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya 52. 'mUkamATI' kI gAgara kA sAgara athAha hai ! 53. naI kavitA kA prathama mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' 54. Adhunika hindI kavitA kI zailI meM likhI gItA : 'mUkamATI' 55. 'mUkamATI' meM yuga-spandana 56. 'mUkamATI' : eka kalAtmaka mahAkAvya vIrendra kumAra jaina kavirAja vidyA nArAyaNa zAstrI DaoN. sudarzana majIThiyA pro. (DaoN.) vRSabha prasAda jaina DaoN. mahendra nAtha rAya DaoN. lakSmI kAnta pANDeya DaoN. nemIcanda jaina pro. zrInArAyaNa mizra DaoN. indu prakAza pANDeya pro. (DaoN.) gaNeza prasAda prAcArya narendra prakAza jaina pro. bI. vai. lalitAmbA DaoN. vijaya dvivedI DaoN. mAdhava rAva regulapATI DaoN. rAjamati divAkara pro. (DaoN.) devavrata jozI paNDita prakAza 'hitaiSI' zAstrI DaoN. ajita zukadeva pro. (DaoN.) pramoda kumAra siMha DaoN. jayakumAra jalaja DaoN. ramaNa lAla pAThaka DaoN. vimalA caturvedI pro. ajIta kumAra varmA DaoN. (paM.) dayAcandra jaina sAhityAcArya DaoN. yajJa prasAda tivArI DaoN. jI. zAntA kumArI sureza sarala zekha abdula vahAba DaoN. ravIndra kumAra jaina DaoN. (zrImatI) AzAlatA malaiyA DaoN. sIeca. rAmulu DaoN. sukamAla jaina pro. jIvitarAma kA. setapAla DaoN. rAjamala borA rAjendra paToriyA DaoN. rAmasvarUpa khare
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 1xxix 297 57. 'mUkamATI' : AtmA ke saMgIta kI kavitA DaoN. tejapAla caudharI 58. 'mUkamATI' : kAvya-adhyAtma kA saMzleSa DaoN. satyadeva mizra 59. dakSiNa bhAratIya kalamakAra kI hindI sAdhanA kI phalazruti : 'mUkamATI' / kailAza mar3abaiyA 60. 'mUkamATI' : zabdArtha to dekho DaoN. rAmasvarUpa Arya 61. dArzanika pRSThabhUmi para sRjita advitIya mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. rAmacaritra siMha 62. mukti kI AkAMkSA aura mUka vedanA kA mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. manujI zrIvAstava 63. hindI ke mahAkAvya aura 'mUkamATI' paM. darabArI lAla jaina zAstrI 64. mAtA kA jaya-gAna ho sadA! DaoN. suzIlA guptA 65. 'mUkamATI' : dArzanika avadhAraNA DaoN. zamIra siMha 'makamATI' : AdhyAtmika cintana kA apUrva bhaNDAra DaoN. kastUracandra jaina 'sumana' _ 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI bhASA DaoN. zambhuzaraNa zukla 68. 'mUkamATI' : eka vihaMgama dRSTi DaoN. (zrImatI) nIrA jaina 69. loka maMgala kI samAdhi avasthA : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. sureza gautama 70. 'mUkamATI' : dArzanika cetanA kA cArutama nidarzana DaoN. rAmanareza 71. mahAkAvya paramparA kI amara kRti 'mUkamATI' meM rASTrIya ekatA ke svara DaoN. bArelAla jaina 72. 'mUkamATI' : eka vimarzAtmaka adhyayana pro. habIbunnIsA 73. 'mUkamATI' : AtmA kA uddhAra karane vAlI AdhyAtmika kRti saubhAga mala jaina 74. sanmArga kI ora prerita karane vAlA mahAgrantha : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. gaMgAprasAda gupta 'barasaiMyA' 75. 'mUkamATI' : manorama mahAkAvya DaoN. gaMgA sahAya premI 76. 'mUkamATI' : hindI prabandha sAhitya kI mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi DaoN. devendra dIpaka 77. hindI kA Adhunika kAvya : 'mUkamATI' mahendra kumAra 'mAnava' 78. bhArata bhAratI ke bhaNDAra kI advitIya kRti : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. rAjakumAra tivArI 'sumitra' 79. 'mUkamATI' : vizva sAhitya kI apratima upalabdhi lAlacandra jaina 'rAkeza' 80. 'mUkamATI' ke rahasyoM ko lipibaddha karanA laghukAya naukA se samudra pAra karanA DaoN. narendra zarmA 8i. 'mUkamATI' : hindI sAhitya kI aitihAsika upalabdhi DaoN. zakuntalA siMha 82. 'mUkamATI' : jIvana-zAlA kI khulI kitAba DaoN. (zrImatI) nIlama jaina 83. siddha sarjaka kI mukhara sAdhanA : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. dAdUrAma zarmA 84. mATI kI saundarya-yAtrA kA kAvya : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. candragupta 'mayaMka' 85. 'mUkamATI' kI sAMskRtika cetanA DaoN. sandhyA Tikekara 86. jIvana ke zAzvata satya ko mukhara karatI 'mUkamATI' kRSNa kumAra caube 'mUkamATI' : mATI ke mAdhyama se jIvana darzana rAjendra nagAvata 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI sAhitya-zodha kI dizAe~ DaoN. jagadIzapAla siMha 89. 'mUkamATI' aura usake sarjaka AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mohana zazi 90. 'mUkamATI' : Adhunika sAhitya ko nayA mor3a dene vAlA kAvya paM. bharata cakravartI jaina zAstrI 91 MOOKMATI : An Eminent Epic for Seeker of Truth Manak Chandra Chhabra 92. A Critique on MOOKMATI Prof. Uttam Chand Jain 'Premi 412 414 415 419 425 430 433 435 460 465 467 469
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________________ lxxx :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 93. 'mUkamATI' : sAdhanAcI anubhUti 94. 'mUkamATI' : Adhunika hindI kAvya jagat kI anUThI kRti lAlacandra harizcandra jaina lAdUlAla jaina pariziSTa : prathama 95. AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara : vyaktitva, jIvana-darzana aura racanA saMsAra AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI pariziSTa : dvitIya 96. AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara : vyaktitva, sajana aura zodha sandarbha pariziSTa : tRtIya 97. lekhakoM ke pate
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________________ 'mUkamATI : sAdhanAmArga kA kAvyamaya AdhyAtmika dastAvez2a DaoN. prabhudayAlu agnihotrI AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kA mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki bhArata meM isa anAsthA aura dhuMdhalake se bharI zatAbdI meM bhI abhI taka jaina muniyoM kI sAdhanA paramparA akSata hai / muni puNyavijaya, jinavijaya, dezabhUSaNajI mahArAja, AcArya tulasI aura muni nathamalajI Adi ke pavitra jIvana aura unake zreSTha avadAnoM ko dekhakara lagatA hai ki AcArya kundakunda, samantabhadra, umAsvAmI, puSpadanta aura hemacandra kI virAsata sa~bhAlane vAle muniyoM kA akAla abhI taka nahIM huA hai / AcArya vidyAsAgarajI bhI usI zRMkhalA kI eka svarNima kar3I haiM / isa yuga meM jaba acche-acche lekhaka kSaNagrAhI astitvavAda ko vakSa se lagAe, sphuliMga-sI choTI-choTI racanAoM kI ora jhuka rahe haiM taba lagabhaga 500 pRSThoM ke vizAlakAya mahAkAvya kI racanA karanA bahuta bar3e sAhasa kA kAma hai - aura phira usa kAvya kA, jo purAnI sAhityika paramparAoM se bahuta Upara uThakara parama zAnti kA dvAra kholatA hai aura sArI eSaNAoM se alaga jAkara kevalInirgranthatA kI ora pragati ke lie prerita karatA hai / sAmAnya sAhitya jahA~ thakakara vizrAma le letA hai, vahA~ se muni vidyAsAgarajI kI kAvyayAtrA prArambha hotI hai / isakA rasa lene ke lie pAThaka ko ucca bhAva-bhUmi para Asana lagAkara baiThanA Avazyaka hai| 'mUkamATI' digambara jaina sampradAya ke anusAra sAdhanAmArga kA kAvyamaya AdhyAtmika dastAvez2a hai jisameM choTI se choTI mAnasika vikRtiyoM aura unase jur3e jaTila praznoM kA sarala, sAfa-sutharI bhASA meM vyAvahArika samAdhAna prastuta kiyA gayA hai / kula milAkara yaha dhArmika pravacanoM kA hI saMgraha grantha kahA jA sakatA hai, jisameM vicAroM kI U~cAI hai, dArzanikatA hai, Izvaratva kI sAdhanA ke sarala, zreSTha sopAna haiN| phira bhI isameM kAvyatva khojanA nirarthaka hogaa| yaha cintanamaya khaNDoM kA saMgraha hai / kAvya ke lie apekSita laya, svara, kalpanA, sAdRzya prastuti, kathana kI vakratA aura vyaMjanA kI talAza isameM nahIM karanI cAhie aura eka mAtra zAnta ko chor3akara anya koI rasa DhU~r3hanA bhI vyartha hogA / bhASA aura zailI ke prAsAdika hote hue bhI AcAryajI ne sthAna-sthAna para zabdoM ke sAtha jo khilavAr3a kiyA hai, aura jise bhUmikA lekhaka zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ne zobhA ke rUpa meM bAra-bAra uddhRta kiyA hai, vaha pustaka kI garimA ko bar3hAtA nahIM kevala halkA upahAsa hI prastuta karatA hai / vaha ardhazikSita bhaktoM ke bIca to grAhya ho sakatA hai, prabuddha pAThakoM kI dRSTi meM vaha bahuta bacakAnA hai| isI prakAra pustaka kI bhUmikA meM svayaM lekhaka ne Izvara aura AstikatA ko lekara vaidika paramparA ke cintakoM para jo tarjanI uThAI hai vaha na kevala aprAsaMgika apitu anucita bhI hai| phira bhI jIvana ko udAtta banAne kI mUlabhUta dRSTi aura loka ke prati kAruNya bhAvanA ko lekara AcAryapravara ne asIma dhairyapUrvaka Atmika maloM ke prakSAlana ke lie jo yaha gaMgAjala prastuta kiyA hai, usake lie maiM unheM praNAma karatA huuN| pustaka paThanIya hai aura saMgrahaNIya bhii| pRSTha 49 are kaMkaro! mArIi se milaya to huA -... mazinahIM banatetu
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : eka vivecana pro. kalyANa mala lor3hA AcArya vidyAsAgara kRta 'mUkamATI' apanI sarjanA meM sAmAnya kAvyazreNI meM parigaNita nahIM kI jA sakatI, use khaNDa kAvya, mahAkAvya athavA mahat kAvya kI koTi meM bhI nahIM rakhA jA sakatA / usakA vaiziSTya usakI antarbhukta dArzanika aura AdhyAtmika gambhIratA aura gaharAI meM sannihita hai / vaha eka paramocca koTi kA rUpaka hai, jisameM AcAryapravara ne sAdhanA ko jaina dharmAnusAra rUpAyita kiyA hai| isakA kavi kevala zabdacetA athavA arthacetA nahIM hai, vaha hai AtmacetA sAdhaka, jisane zabda ko artha, aura artha ko paramArtha dekara AtmA kI paMca kozAtmaka Urdhva gati kA Alekhana kiyA hai| usane prArambha meM ('mAnasa taraMga') yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki sAmAnyata: jo hai, usakA abhAva nahIM ho sakatA, aura jo hai hI nahIM, usakA utpAda bhI sambhava nhiiN|' 'zrImad bhagavad gItA' bhI yahI kahatI hai : "nAsato vidyate bhAvo nAbhAvo vidyate stH| ubhayorapi dRSTo'ntastvanayostattvadarzibhiH // " (2/16) kRti kA uddezya spaSTa ka te hue AcArya kahate haiM : "aise hI kucha mUla-bhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana hetu isa kRti kA sRjana huA hai aura yaha vaha sRjana hai jisakA sAttvika sAnnidhya pAkara rAgAtireka se bharapUra zRMgAra-rasa ke jIvana meM bhI vairAgya kA ubhAra AtA hai, jisameM laukika alaMkAra alaukika alaMkAroM se alaMkRta hue haiM; alaMkAra aba alaM kA anubhava kara rahA hai|" isa mahat prayojana se racita yaha kAvya zabda aura artha se paripUrNa hokara, apanI apUrva kSamatA aura sArthakatA se kalAkRti bana jAtA hai aura usakA praNetA RSi arthAt mntrdrssttaa| pratIka vidhAna kI apanI viziSTatA hotI hai| prakRSTaM tIkate iti pratIkam' arthAt artha jJAna yA artha prApti karAne vAle zabdoM ko pratIka kahate haiM / apanI vizeSa lAkSaNikatA ke kAraNa prakRSTa artha kI vyaMjanA pratIka karatA hai| pratIka paddhati svecchA se prayukta athavA paramparAgata saMketa se (anya) vastu yA tAtparya udghATita karatI hai / vaha kisI vicAra yA guNa kA apane sambandha sUtroM ke kAraNa pratividhAna, dRSTAntIkaraNa yA smaraNa karAtA hai / isI se ise pratibimba' ke artha meM liyA gayA hai / isa pratIka vidhAna kI cAra koTiyA~ hotI haiM- sAdRzya, sAdharmya, zAbdika sAmya aura prabhAva sAmya / pratIka zailI ke do vidhAna hote haiM- arthagata va srotagata / rUpaka kAvya kI vizeSatA hai- 'rUpAro pAttu rUpakam / ' isameM prastuta aura aprastuta kI abhedatA rahatI hai- 'rUpayati tadrUpatAM nayati - upamAnopameye sAdRzyAtizayodyotanadvArA ekatAM nayatIti rUpakam / ' kAvya meM rUpakAtmakatA kA saphala nirvAha kavi kI siddha sarjanAzakti kA pramANa hai / isameM kavi bhAvanAoM aura vastuoM kA mAnavIkaraNa karatA hai / isakI yojanA pratIkAtmaka hotI hai aura varNya vastu kA sAMketika rUpa meM prayoga hotA hai / pratIka vidhAna aura rUpaka vaiziSTya hI 'mUkamATI' kI racanA-paddhati hai| rUpaka kAvyoM kI paramparA bhI prAyaH pratyeka sAhitya meM pAI jAtI hai / azvaghoSa ke nATaka, kRSNa mizra kA 'prabodha candrodaya', yazaHpAla racita 'moharAjaparAjaya', vAdicandra sUri kA jJAna-sUryodaya, jaina sAhitya meM 'madhubindu dRSTAnta', 'vasudeva hiNDI', 'samarAditya', 'kuvalayamAlA', 'upamiti-bhavaprapaMca', 'mayaNa-parAjaya' (harideva) Adi prasiddha rUpaka kAvya haiM / saMskRta kA 'prabodha candrodaya' to prasiddha hai hii| 'mUkamATI' bhI eka aisA hI mahattvapUrNa rUpaka kAvya hai, jisameM mATI ko kumbhakAra maMgala ghaTa meM avatarita karatA hai| isa adhyAtma rUpaka ke cAra khaNDa haiM-'saMkara nahIM : varNalAbha' ; 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' ; 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' aura 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 3 raakh|' ina cAra khaNDoM kI vizada bhUmi para vivecanA karate hue kavi ne jaina dArzanika paddhati kA nirUpaNa kara AtmoddhAra meM anta kiyA hai / Atmadarzana isa upakrama meM tapa hai, tapanA hai, sAdhanA hai / sAhitya bodha, saMgIta, rasa niSpatti aura sUtrAzrita kathanoM kA sArthaka upayoga munizrI ne kiyA hai / yahI nahIM, isameM bhautikavAdI svarNa kalaza kA AtaMka hai, guru kI dezanA hai, nagara seTha zrAvaka kI kathA hai, jisake mAdhyama se jaina dharma ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM kI vivecanA kara, sampUrNa kRti ko uccatara mAnavIya bodha, bRhat sAmAjika dAyitva, sAMskRtika niSThA aura utkRSTa mUlyavattA se Adarza saMhati dI hai| AcAryazrI kI zailI kI vizeSatA unakA zabda-vinyAsa hai, jisameM unhone nae-nae arthoM ko vyaMjita kiyA hai| isI meM alaMkaraNa prakriyA bhI sannihita hai / kucheka zabda isa prakAra haiM- niyati, nArI, kalA, pAyasa, AkAza Adi / yatratatra jaina sUtroM kA prayoga kathApravAha kI antarbhUmi ko sampuSTa karatA huA pAThaka ko usakI sAdhanA-paddhati se paricita karAtA hai / AcAryazrI kA yaha grantha jaina sAdhanA-paddhati kA nirUpaNa karatA hai / vastuta: jIvanotkarSa kI yaha yAtrA, karma se mukti kI yAtrA hai- siddha pada kii| mATI jIva hai, kumbhakAra guru, seTha zrAvaka Adi / isI kAraNa jaina darzana ke aneka zabdoM kA yatra-tatra khulakara prayoga huA hai, yathA- 'dayAvisuddho dhammo, kAyotsarga, khammAmi khamaMtu me, utpAda-vyaya - dhrauvya yuktaM sat' Adi / isa kAvya kA prArambha prakRti ke anindya saundarya se hotA hai| aneka RtuoM ke prabhAvI varNana se sahaja AkarSaNa aura suSamAbhimaNDita chaTA kI vyApti kAvya ke rUpa vidhAna ko aura AkarSaka banA detI hai / eka hI udAharaNa paryApta hogA jisameM bimba-vidhAna kA adbhuta kalAtmaka prayoga hai : "Aja indra kA puruSArtha/sImA chU rahA hai,/dAhine hAtha se dhanuSa kI Dora ko dAhine kAna taka pUrA khIMcakara/nirantara chor3e jA rahe tIkhe sUcImukhI bANoM se/chide jA rahe, bhide jA rahe, vidrUpa-vidIrNa ho rahe haiM/bAdala-daloM ke badana sb|" (pR. 246) muni kavi ne 'mUkamATI' ko sAdhana grantha kA rUpa diyA hai, jisase vaha jIvana kI parama vyApti aura jJapti kA sandarbha grantha bana gayA hai / mahAn kAvya apane rUpa vidhAna meM darzana grantha huA karate haiM, aura isI prakAra darzana grantha mahat kAvya bhI / bAibala, upaniSad, saundaryalaharI, rAmacaritamAnasa, kAmAyanI, DivAina kAmeDI, pairADAiz2a laoNsTa eNDa pairADAiz2a rigeNDa isake pramANa haiN| kAvya kI uccatama saMhati darzana meM hotI hai aura darzana kI kAvya meM / 'mUkamATI' meM donoM kA samyak nirvAha huA hai para isa vaiziSTya ke sAtha ki donoM meM samAyoga hai- na to darzana kAvya para hAvI hai aura na kAvya darzana para / kavi ne vAk kI cAroM prakRtiyoM kA- parA, pazyantI, madhyamA aura baikharI- kA varNana karate samaya kAvya kI pravahamAnatA khaNDita nahIM hone dI / aneka prasaMgoM meM kavi kI janmajAta prajJA madhumatI bhUmikA para adhiSThita hai aura usakA Atmadarzana mantravid hone ke kAraNa deza-kAlAtIta hokara isa kathana ko caritArtha karatI hai ki 'kavayaH kraantdrshinH|' "kavate sarvaM jAnAti, sarvaM varNayati, sarvaM sarvato gacchati vA / " 'mUkamATI' kI eka bar3I upalabdhi usameM zabda aura artha meM nyUna-atiriktatA nahIM hai- donoM ke saMghaTTana kA saphalatA se nirvahaNa huA hai / anubhUti aura abhivyakti kA pUrNa tAdAtmya hai / 'tarka dIpikA' meM zabda aura artha ke sambandha ko 'zakti' kahA hai- 'arthasmRtyanukUlapadapadArthasambandhaH shktiH|' AcAryoM ne saMketa athavA zakti ko pahacAnane ke upakaraNoM kI vivecanA kI hai| isameM racanAkAra kI mAnasika prakriyA hI mukhya hai, vahI artha grahaNa karAtI hai| yaha bhI
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________________ 4 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kahA jAtA hai ki zabdoM kA paurvAparya buddhi kA viSaya hai / buddhi hI zabda vinyAsa karatI hai| mahAkAvyoM ke lie to yahI satya hai| kahA bhI hai : "buddhau kRtvA sarvaceSTAH krtaadhiirstttvniitiH| zabde nArthAnvAcyAndRSTvA buddhau kuryAtpauvAparyam // " arthabodha kI prakriyA meM vicAra aura vastu kA aparihArya sambandha hotA hai| yaha sambandha hI kAvya ko gati sampanna kara pAThaka ke lie preSaNIya banAtA hai / 'mUkamATI' kI yaha asandigdha vizeSatA hai ki zabda aura artha kA saMyojana vaicArika bhUmi para hote hue bhI unameM eka aisI saMzliSTatA hai, jo pAThaka kI bhAvabhUmi ko AtmasaMvedana se prabhAvita karatI hai / jaise: "kabhI-kabhI phUla bhI/adhika kaThora hote haiM/"zUla se bhii|" (pR. 99) , yaha virodhAbhAsa hai, para usake atirikta bhAva zabalatA aura pravaNatA kA udAharaNa anyatra bhI hai : "jala aura jvalanazIla anala meM/antara zeSa rahatA hI nahIM sAdhaka kI antara-dRSTi meN|" (pR. 267) isI prakAra : "saba padArthoM ko vismRta karanA hI/sahI puruSArtha hai / " (pR. 349) AcArya vidyAsAgara svayaM saphala sAdhaka haiN| unakA vyaktitva zramaNa dharma kA sAkSAt mUrta rUpa hai / gahana, gambhIra, vyApaka vaiduSya ne unake sAdhaka aura zramaNatva ko aura adhika mahAn prajJAvAn banA diyA hai / isa kAvya kA uddezya hai rUpakatva aura pratIkArtha se AtmA ko karma vipAka se saMvara aura nirjarA dvArA zuddha rUpa meM pratiSThita kara usake sanAtana rUpa ko pratipAdita karanA / kavi apane prayojana meM pUrNata: saphala hai / Atma prarohaNa se usane isa mahAn kAvya kI racanA kI hai-sraSTA aura draSTA donoM dRSTiyoM se| pR. 50 tena aura mana ko tapa kI Aga meM tapAtapA kara....... udAra samuza
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________________ gahana praznoM kA sarala uttara : 'mUkamATI' bhagavatI prasAda berI AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI racanA 'mUkamATI' pddh'ii| alaMkAroM se susajjita yaha kAvya mAnava samAja ke gahana praznoM kA uttara aisI saralatA se detA hai ki naitikatA kA pATha sajIva ho uThatA hai / isakI zailI anupama hai| eka martabA nahIM bAra-bAra par3hane se yaha dila aura dimAg2a para apanI chApa gaharI kregii| zAyada pAThaka kucha sudhare ! mATI mUka nahIM, vAcAla hai munizrI ke kara-kamaloM meM / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya : zRMgAra rasa kI nitAnta maulika vyAkhyA sampAdaka : vizvamitra prastuta pustaka 'mUkamATI' eka mahAkAvya hai jise santa kavi ne cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| pahalA khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' mATI kI usa prArambhika dazA ke parizodhana kI prakriyA ko vyakta karatA hai jahA~ vaha piNDa rUpa kaMkara kaNoM se milI-julI avasthA meM hai / dUsarA khaNDa ' zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' meM sAhitya bodha ko aneka prabhAgoM meM aMkita kiyA hai| yahA~ nava rasoM ko paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| saMgIta kA antaraMga pratipAdita hai / zRMgAra rasa kI nitAnta maulika vyAkhyA hai| RtuoM ke varNana meM kavitA apanI carama sImA para hai| sAtha hI pada-pada para tattva darzana ubharatA rahatA hai| bhAva yaha hai ki uccAraNa mAtra 'zabda' hai, zabda kA sampUrNa artha samajhanA 'bodha' hai aura isa bodha ko anubhUti meM, AcaraNa meM utAranA 'zodha' hai| kavi ne tIsare khaNDa kA nAma 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' rakhA hai / isa khaNDa meM batalAyA hai ki mana, vacana, kAya kI nirmalatA se, zubha kAryoM ke sampAdana se, loka kalyANa kI kAmanA se puNya upArjita hotA hai / krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha se pApa kA udaya hotA hai| isa khaNDa meM kumbhakAra ne mATI kI vikAsa kathA ke mAdhyama se, puNya karma ke sampAdana se upajI zreyaskara upalabdhi kA citraNa kiyA hai / megha se megha muktA kA avatAra yAnI muktA kI varSA hotI hai / muktA para rAjA kA adhikAra / pApa kI sRSTi / parantu, kumbhakAra dvArA muktAoM kA rAjA ko arpaNa / dharatI kI kIrti se sAgara meM kSobha, bar3avAnala, tIna ghana bAdaloM kA umar3ana, rAhu dvArA sUryagrahaNa, indra dvArA meghoM para vajra prahAra, oloM kI varSA phira pralayaMkara dRzya Adi bhI haiN| antima caturtha khaNDa 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' meM kumbhakAra ne mATI ko ghaTa kA rUpa de diyA hai / avA meM tapa kara mATI paka jAtI hai aura kumbha bana jAtI hai| isI ko lekara zraddhAlu nagara seTha guru kA pAda prakSAlana karatA hai evaM guru kI tRSA tRpta hotI hai| svarNa kalaza ke apamAna se saMgharSa bhI upasthita hotA hai / parantu bAta samajha meM Ate hI saba ThIka ho jAtA hai / isa mahAkAvya meM Adhunika jIvana meM vijJAna se upajI katipaya naI avadhAraNAe~ bhI haiM, jo 'sTAra 'vAra' taka pahu~cI haiM / [sampAdaka-'vizvamitra'(hindI dainika), kolakAtA - pazcima baMgAla, 7 akTUbara, 1991] O
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________________ eka virAgI kA loka rAga : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. prabhAkara zrotriya kisI sAdhaka-siddha ke kAvya kA rasAsvAdana karanA yA na kara sakanA eka bAta hai aura usa para AlocanAtmaka TippaNI denA dUsarI bAta, kyoMki usa bhUmi para pahuMce binA yA use pahacAne binA to yaha laukika aupacArikatA bhara hogii| isIlie maiM AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke bRhat kAvya 'mUkamATI' ko chUne se DaratA rahA aura agara aba sAhasa juTA bhI pAyA hU~ to isalie ki isa kAvya meM aisA bhI kucha hai jo hamAre AsapAsa ghaTita ho rahA hai aura usa para eka sAdhuvyaktitva kI virala dRSTi par3I hai| phira bhI ise eka sAmAnya pAThakIya pratikriyA hI mAnA jaae| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke tapa:pUta vyaktitva kI eka lambe arse se khyAti sunatA rahA huuN| jo unake samparka meM rahe yA jinheM unhoMne apanI dRSTi se chuA hai, unakA abhibhUta honA bhI anakahe bahuta kucha kaha jAtA hai / santa ke lie varjita kAvya kSetra meM unhoMne praveza kiyA hai to nizcaya hI koI aisI anubhUti rahI hogI, jise loka taka, darzana yA upadeza kI bhASA meM nahIM pahu~cAyA jA sakatA thA / madhyakAla ke santa kaviyoM ne bhI apane ko loka taka isI mAdhyama se pahu~cAyA thA / isameM sambhavata: AtmAbhivyakti kI apekSA lokasaMgraha kI hI pradhAnatA rahI hogii| yaha Adhunika jaina muni dvArA viracita kAvya hai / apabhraMza meM to jaina kAvyoM kI eka samRddha paramparA rahI hI hai| 'pauma cariu', 'mahApurANa', 'harivaMza purANa', 'NAyakumAra cariu', 'karakaNDu cariu', 'paramappayAsu' jaise amara kAvya apabhraMza aura hindI sAhitya kI dharohara haiN| 'mUkamATI' ko usI paramparA kI Adhunika kar3I kahanA cAhie / antara yaha hai ki ve kAvya, caritra yA kathA ke rocaka mArga se calate hue eka nizcita AdhyAtmika yA dArzanika lakSya para pahu~cate haiM yAnI anta meM ve pratIka kathA meM badalate haiM, parantu mUkamATI' pratIka se hI prArambha hone vAlA kAvya hai| miTTI yA bhUmi dharatI mA~ kA pratIka hai usake bhItara jo kathA yA pAtra haiM ve bhI pratIka ke rUpa meM hI Dhale hue lagate haiN| na to mA~ hAr3a-mAMsa kI hai aura na beTI yA anya pAtra kathAtmaka pariveza ke pracalita pAtra / isakA sIdhA artha hai ki pratIka meM hI mAnavIya bhAvoM kA samAveza / isa racanA ke AsvAdana kI prAthamika aura buniyAdI zarta hai aura eka pAThaka ke lie adhika jaTila mArga hai / pratIka eka ghanIbhUta artha hai - apanI sImA meM virAT saMketoM kI ora le jAtA huA / dUsarI ora 'mUkamATI' kA racanAkAra bhI eka ghanatvamaya yA ghanIbhUta sAdhaka hai / vaha pratIka ke sahAre apane ko kholatA hai aura hama unake sahAre santa ke kavi mata taka pahuMcate haiN| kitanA? yaha alaga bAta hai| sAdhaka ke lie darzana to hastAmalakavat hI hai isalie vaha use sUtra, sUkti, mantra yA siddhAnta ke rUpa meM kahatA hai, kahIM zabda meM darzana ko, sattA ko kendrita kara detA hai, jabaki ye donoM bAteM sAmAnya kAvyAsvAda ko bAdhita karatI haiN| jaise : "'ni' yAnI nija meM hI/'yati' yAnI yatana-sthiratA hai apane meM lIna honA hI niyati hai|" (pR. 349) yaha sUtrAtmakatA vaicArika yA dArzanika bodha ko jagAtI hai, kyoMki yaha zabda ke AntarArtha kI aisI vyAkhyA hai jo manuSya ko eka viziSTa parijJAna karAtI hai / isI taraha kavi kI sandhanita abhivyakti pAThaka ke bhItara tAttvika cetanA ko jagAtI hai : "tAmasatA kAya-ratA hai/vahI sahI mAyane meM/bhItarI kAyaratA hai !" (pR. 94)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA ::7 tAmasatA kaise bhItarI kAyaratA banatI hai yaha kAya-ratA' ke usa darzana kI ora le jAtI hai jisakI pariNati kAyaratA meM hotI hai| yAnI yaha eka tattvabodha hai| ___ 'mUkamATI' meM aise aneka aMza haiM jo sUtramattA, sUktiparakatA lie hue haiM aura merI samajha se yaha tattva mArga ke adhika nikaTa par3atI hai, kyoMki yahA~ eka siddha kI sAdhanA-sattA hI zabda-sattA ke mAdhyama se apane ko vyakta kara rahI hai| vyaktitva kA kavitA para kaisA asara hotA hai, yaha bhI yahA~ dekhane lAyaka hai, kyoMki hama santa kI sArabhUta vANI ko, AsvAdana kI kAvya prakriyA se adhika, prabhAmaNDala ke prabhAva meM svIkAra karate haiN| lekina yadi yahI hotA to isa kRti para laukika kAvya dRSTi se vicAra karanA kaThina thA, kyoMki siddhAnta, vicAra yA mUlya kI pratIti ke lie hamAre pAsa dUsare mAdhyama haiM / ve sAkAra mAnava caritra ke jarie sthAnAntarita nahIM hote| parantu mUkamATI' kA kavi, sAdhanA aura siddhAnta jagat meM hI nahIM rahatA, jIvana sthitiyoM, usakI saMgatiyoM - visaMgatiyoM Adi para bhI usakI sajaga dRSTi hai / vaha dArzanika vidhi-niSedhoM ko bhI loka jIvana ke samakAla meM gUMthatA calatA hai / sambhavata: isa taraha vaha apane darzana kI parIkSA bhI yugabhUmi para karatA hai aura yuga meM ghaTita ko apanI saiddhAntika, vaicArika yA dArzanika dRSTi bhI detA hai| yaha bAta manuSya ke jIvana bodha ko Azvasta karatI hai / udAharaNa ke lie zAnti aura ahiMsA ko vaha AtaMkavAda ke viparIta dhuva para sandhAnatA hai-yaha sandhAna eka ora kavitvamaya ho uThatA hai to dUsarI ora darzana ke lie prayojanIya bhI : "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI/dharatI yh|" (pR. 441) isa samakAlIna 'Dara' ke bhItara kavitA kA janma kaise hotA hai, isa ora izArA karatA huuN| AtaMkavAda logoM kA jInA muhAla kara detA hai / unakA jI dhak raha jAtA hai, sA~sa ruka jAtI hai / vyApaka sandarbha meM AtaMkavAda se pUrI pRthvI kI zAnti kI sA~sa ruka jAtI hai / vaha azAnta ho uThatI hai-ise hama apane bhItara AtaMkavAdI dahazata ke rUpa meM mahasUsa karate hue usakA vizvavyApI rUpa dekha sakate haiM / yaha kathana hameM dharatI kI mUla prANa-cetanA zAnti' ke lie eka Antarika vyAkulatA ke stara para udvelita karatA hai| isa taraha ye paMktiyA~ hamAre mUla saMvedana ko chUkara use virATa bhI banAtI haiM aura yaha kAvyAsvAda kI eka zarta bhI hai| darzana, vicAra ke stara para manuSya ko virAT banAtA hai to kavitA AsvAda ke stara para / isa kAvya kA yaha spRhaNIya pakSa hai ki isameM samakAlIna rAjanIti, bahudalIyavAda, pU~jIvAdI zoSaNa, akarmaNyatA, vikRti Adi aneka pakSoM ko chuA gayA hai| aise prasaMga dikhate haiM ki darzana ko kevala AtmasAdhanA kA nahIM, jagat sAdhanoM kA mAdhyama bhI banAyA gayA hai| kavi kisa zailI meM janatA kA AhvAna karatA hai, use tamAma taraha ke bhraSTAcAroM ke viruddha khar3e hone ko pukAratA hai aura usameM chipI apAra sambhAvanAoM ko jagAte hue jaina darzana ke 'anekAnta' ko kaisI antaraMgatA meM pahu~cAtA hai - yaha dekhanA yahA~ dilacaspa bhI hogA aura jarUrI bhii| kyoMki jisa vyakti ke bhItara darzana samAyA ho aura bAharI saMsAra kA kolAhala bhI use cintita kare to vaha ina do choroM ko kavitA meM kaise sameTe? "prati-sattA meM hotI haiM/anagina smbhaavnaayeN|" (pR. 7) 'prati sattA' aura 'anagina' eka ora darzana se aura dUsarI ora jIvana se jur3ate haiN| jIvana se jur3akara ve jana-jAgaraNa kA mAdhyama banate haiM aura darzana se jur3akara mana-jAgaraNa kaa|
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________________ 8 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA apabhraMza ke jaina kAvyoM kI eka vizeSatA rahI hai - apAra karuNA / yaha karuNA vahIM sArthaka ho sakatI hai jahA~ isakI AvazyakatA hai| isalie duHkhI, pIr3ita, zoSita, dalita hI isa karuNA ke kendra meM hote haiN| eka prAcIna jaina kavi ne apane samaya ko dekhakara yahA~ taka likhA thA ki "candana ke mola IMdhana bika rahA hai, roTI ke khAtira loga apanI beTIbeTe beca rahe haiM"- karuNA kI aisI ArdravANI, 'mUkamATI' meM bhI dekhI jA sakatI hai, jahA~ 'prakRti mA~ kI A~khoM meM, rotI huI karuNA' hai / yaha karuNA kyoM rotI hai isalie ki saMsAra meM kalaha hai, dharatI ke beTe eka dUsare ko mArane-miTAne meM lage haiN| yaha bhI eka vicitra bAta hai ki jaina dharma Amataura para vyApAriyoM aura dhanikoM kA dharma hai, parantu jaina dharma ke AcArya saba se jyAdA dhana aura dhanikoM para, unakI eSaNAoM para hI prahAra karate haiN| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki ve nirbhaya hokara isa samAja ko vaha dRSTi dete haiM jo usake aura mAnavatA ke lie Avazyaka hai| svarNa kalaza ko mATI ke kalaza kI mATI latAr3ate hue kahatI hai ki tuma paratantra jIvana kI AdhArazilA ho 'pU~jIvAda ke abhedya durga ho, 'azAnti ke antahIna silasilA ho / ' zAyada ye tIna paMktiyA~ 'artha' kI samasta sImAoM, pariNatiyoM aura pradUSaNoM para tIkhI TippaNI haiN| kavi yahA~ taka kahatA hai : "paramArtha tulatA nahIM kabhI/artha kI tulA meM/artha ko tulA banAnA arthazAstra kA artha hI nahIM jAnanA hai/aura/sabhI anarthoM ke garta meM yuga ko DhakelanA hai/arthazAstrI ko kyA jJAta hai yaha artha ?" (pR. 142) Aja jaba artha kI tulA para vyakti hI nahIM, deza ke deza tula rahe haiM, Arthika udArIkaraNa ke vizva-vyApAra meM-taba aise arthazAstra kA artha zAyada jIvanmukta santa se hI jAnanA hogA jo artha ke bandhana ko, usakI sImAoM aura usase utpanna vibhISikAoM ke prati saceta karatA hai| hamAre saMsAra meM jahA~ parajIviyoM ke ThATha haiM, zramika ko nIcI jagaha hai, vahA~ kavi kA yaha kathana zrama kI sArthakatA ko hI nahIM mahattA aura mUlya ko bhI prakaTa karatA hai : "parizrama ke binA tuma/navanIta kA golA nigalo bhale hI, kabhI pacegA nahIM vaha/pratyuta, jIvana ko khatarA hai !" (pR. 212) antima paMkti bhale kavitA ko kamaz2ora karatI ho, parantu pacAnA' yahA~ zArIrika stara para hI nahIM hai| 'navanIta' kI komalatA kI ora bhI hamArA dhyAna jAnA caahie| patthara nahIM, navanIta kA golA khAyA jA rahA hai| kahA yaha gayA hai ki aisI sukumAratA bhI nahIM pacegI agara parizrama na hogaa| parizrama ke binA sAre sukha-vilAsa akAratha aura apAcya ho jaaeNge| yAnI jo arjita kiyA gayA hai vaha nirarthaka ho jAegA - yahA~ taka ki viparIta bhii| para-kAminI ke prati Asakti, bhaya, asatya, hiMsA Adi para to santavANI ne sadaiva prahAra kiyA hai| vaha yahA~ bhI hai, parantu 'mUkamATI' kA kavi nyAya prakriyA kI lAlaphItAzAhI para bhI hamalA kara rahA hai : "AzAtIta vilamba ke kAraNa/anyAya nyAya-sA nahIM nyAya anyAya-sA lagatA hai|" (pR. 272) vilamba nyAya kI samUcI sattA ko hI vyartha banA rahA hai| jaisA maine kahA hai ki sUtraparakatA, sUkti aura upadeza kAvya mArga kI bAdhA haiM aura ve isa kAvya ko anubhUti
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA ::9 ke stara para kama, aura vicAra ke stara para adhika grAhya banAte haiM kyoMki isakA sRjaka apanI anubhUti ke sthAnAntaraNa ko prakriyA meM kama aura pariNati meM adhika DhAlatA hai| jabaki prakriyA meM utarane para vaha kavitA ke adhika nikaTa pahu~ca pAtA hai / udAharaNa ke lie 'kumbhaka prANAyAma' ko vaha 'kumbhaka prANAyAma' yA kisI paryAyavAcI zabda ke mAdhyama se pahu~cAtA to yaha cIz2a kisI vyAvahArika sAdhaka taka hI pahu~ca pAtI aura taba bhI vaha prAya: jAnakArI yA jJAna ke stara para / parantu yahA~ ise prakriyA meM dekhie : "lo ! kumbhaka prANAyAma/apane Apa ghaTita huaa|/hotthoN ko cabAtI-sI mudrA, donoM bAhuoM meM/nasoM kA jAla vaha/tanAva pakar3a rahA hai, tvacA meM ubhAra-sA AyA hai/para,/gA~Tha khula nahIM rahI hai/a~gUThoM kA bala . ghaTa gayA hai|/donoN tarjanI/lagabhaga zUnya hone ko haiM,/aura nAkhUna khUnadAra ho uThe haiM/para gA~Tha khula nahIM rahI hai|" (pR. 59) Apa cAhe jisa sthiti meM hoM, ina paMktiyoM ko par3hate samaya kyA mAnasika rUpa se 'kumbhaka' nahIM kara rahe hote haiM ? svAnubhava ko sampreSita karane kI yaha kitanI mahattvapUrNa kAvya-prakriyA hai / ise yahA~ dekha sakate haiM aura yaha bhI ki kavi jaba kisI viziSTa anubhUti se svayaM guz2arA ho to usakI abhivyakti meM kaisI jIvantatA A jAtI hai / dekhakara anubhava karanA aura anubhava karate hue dekhanA, eka saMvedanazIla vyakti ke bhItara sarvathA bhinna na hote hue bhI racanAtmaka stara para kucha na kucha bhinna jarUra hotA hai / "samAjavAda samAjavAda cillAne mAtra se/samAjavAdI nahIM banoge" (pR. 461)yaha phaTakAra kharI bhI lagatI hai aura saca bhI, kyoMki vyavahAra aura AcaraNa meM utAre binA ve kore zabda haiM, unakA koI vyAvahArika mUlya nahIM hai| parantu yaha bAta bhItara taka vaisI anubhava nahIM hotI jaisI yaha vyAkulatA : "kitanI tapana hai yaha !/bAhara aura bhItara/jvAlAmukhI havAyeM ye! jala-sI gaI merI/kAyA cAhatI hai/sparza meM badalAhaTa, ghAma nahIM aba,/"dhAma mile !" (pR. 140) anubhUti se zabda meM kendrita ho jAne ke kAraNa 'ghAma' kI jagaha 'dhAma' yA Age 'jhAga' kI jagaha 'pAga' aura 'rAga' kI jagaha parAga' hone se inameM bhI kevala zabda-krIr3A nahIM rahI, eka hada taka kAvyAtmakatA A gaI hai| kavitA ke do udAharaNa dekara yaha lekha samApta karU~gA / eka samaya kI vikarAlatA kA bimba hai aura dUsarA pRthvI kI udAra snigdhatA kA: "bhItara se bAhara, bAhara se bhItara/eka sAtha, sAta-sAta hAtha ke sAta-sAta hAthI A-jA sakate/itanA bar3A guphA-sama mahAsattA kA mahAbhayAnaka/mukha khulA hai/jisakI dAr3ha-jabAr3a meM sindUrI A~khoM vAlA bhaya/bAra-bAra ghUra rahA hai bAhara, jisake mukha se adha-nikalI lohita rasanA/laTaka rahI hai/aura jisase Tapaka rahI hai lAra/lAla-lAla lahU kI buuNdeN-sii|" (pR. 136) yahA~ raudrarUpa ko AkRta kiyA gayA hai jisameM 'sindUrI A~khoM vAlA bhaya' mahAsattA kI dAr3ha-jabAr3a meM samAyA hai| mAnoM AkRti ke bAda usa pariNati kI ora bhI saMketa kara diyA gayA hai|
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________________ 10 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA isake viparIta pRthvI kA yaha mAtRtva jisameM kevala rAga hI nahIM, cetanA bhI hai, gambhIra utkarSa bhI hai, saundarya kI raktAbha bhI hai aura eka virAga kI anAsakti bhii| batAie pRthvI meM kyA nahIM hai yAnI mA~ meM kyA nahIM hai ? "jisa kI A~kheM/aura sarala-/aura tarala ho A rahI haiM,/jinameM hRdayavatI cetanA kA/darzana ho rahA hai,/jisake/sala-chaloM se zUnya vizAla bhAla para/guru-gambhIratA kA/utkarSaNa ho rahA hai, jisake/donoM gAloM para/gulAba kI AbhA le/harSa ke saMvardhana se dRga-binduoM kA avirala/varSaNa ho rahA hai,/viraha-riktatA, abhAva alagAva-bhAva kA bhI/zanaiH zanai:/apakarSaNa ho rahA hai / " (pR. 6) ina thor3e se uddharaNoM se pratIta ho sakatA hai- AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke bhItara kA kAvyasrota, parivartana kI vyAkulatA, jIvana-mUlyoM kI sthApanA aura unheM jana-jana taka pahu~cAne kI utkaTatA / unake bhItara Aga hai aura nIra kI zItalatA bhI, dRSTi bhI hai aura dRzya bhI, anubhUti bhI hai aura saMvedanA bhI / dArzanika cetanA, dainandina vyAkhyAna aura upadeza kI bAdhyatA, sUktitA aura bhASA tathA kavitA ke sampreSaNa kI sImAoM kA bhI maiMne jikra kiyA hai| isake bAvajUda yaha racanA darzana, jIvana aura kAvya kA eka sammilita avadAna hai, kyoMki yaha jisa dizA se AyA hai, jisa sAdhaka kI ora se AyA hai, jisa prayojana se AyA hai aura jitanI utkaTatA se AyA hai vaha nizcaya hI mahattvapUrNa hai| pR. 343 kAyotsargakA visarjaka---- saMyamopakaraNa diyA 'mayae-paMkhoMkA,jo mRdula komalalapubhUla hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : adhyAtmabodha kAvya DaoN. viSNu datta rAkeza Adhunika hindI kAvyadhArA meM do adhyAtmabodha kAvyoM ne vidvAnoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai- eka paNDita sumitrAnandana panta kA 'satyakAma' hai aura dUsarA munivarya AcArya vidyAsAgara kA 'muukmaattii'| yaha naveM dazaka kI ullekhanIya racanA hai| bhAratIya sAMskRtika cintana jina do vaidika aura zramaNadhArAoM se vikasita huA hai, usake paripArzva meM hI kramaza: 'satyakAma' aura 'mUkamATI' kA sRjana huA hai / 'satyakAma' meM vaidika-aupaniSadika cintana antarhita hai to 'mUkamATI' meM zramaNa-cintana aura muni-tattvamImAMsA pratibimbita huI hai| donoM kavi Atmabodha aura jIvanabodha meM koI pArthakya svIkAra karane ko taiyAra nhiiN| parama satya sApekSa tathA nirapekSa donoM rUpoM meM prApta hotA hai| 'satyakAma' meM panta jI kA kathana hai: "Atmabodha ke lie apekSita hai jIvana kA anubhava bhI sAtha hI ! nikhila jIvana AtmA se AliMgita, parivRta hai, usake bAhara kucha bhI nahIM,-tyAjya hama samajheM jisako ! brahmajJAna kA artha samagra jJAna hotA hai, kevala chuuchaa| vaha nirapekSa prakAza bhara nahIM,- pUrNa satya hai ! jaga meM jo kucha bhI jar3a cetana-vyApta brahma se ! parama satya avyakta, parAtpara-jo lokottara sRSTi cakra meM abhivyakta hotA ananta taka! vahI sRjana rata raha sakatA jo Atmamukta hai !" (pR. 25-26) AcArya vidyAsAgarajI UrdhvamukhI avasthA ke darzana ke lie adhomukhatA kI nindA nahIM, apekSA karate haiN| ghATI aura zikhara do anivArya sthitiyA~ haiN| ghATI se zikhara ke darzana hote haiM aura zikhara se ghATI ke / phira kyA utthAna hai aura kyA patana ? "parvata kI talahaTI se bhI/hama dekhate haiM ki/uttuMga zikhara kA darzana hotA hai,/parantu/caraNoM kA prayoga kiye binA zikhara kA sparzana/sambhava nahIM hai !" (pR.10) sAdhanA meM maMz2ila kA mahattva hai, mArga kucha bhI ho sakatA hai / mArga aura maMz2ila, sat aura asat, sukha aura duHkha, grAhya yA tyAjya sabhI sApekSa haiN| unakA koI eka paridRzya apUrNa ho sakatA hai para samagra rUpa meM jIvanabodha Atmasatya ke sparza ke kAraNa AtmarUpa hI hai / isa bhAvadazA meM pahu~cakara sAdhaka ke lie kucha bhI grAhya yA kucha bhI tyAjya nahIM hotA: "bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA/AmUla miTa jAnA hI/mokSa hai| isI kI zuddha-dazA meM/avinazvara sukha hotA hai/jise/prApta hone ke bAda, yahA~/saMsAra meM AnA kaise sambhava hai/...vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI
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________________ 12 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA avazya milegI/magara/mArga meM nahIM, maMz2ila para !" (pR. 486-488) ___ 'mUkamATI' kA sRjana udAtta cetanA ke nirmANa ke prayojana se huA hai / Adhunika bhogavAdI sabhyatA ke paMje meM jakar3I huI mAnavatA kA trANa Adi kavi kA lakSya hai / mahat uddezya kI pUrti ke lie likhI jAne ke kAraNa kavi kI yaha racanA mahAn hai / uddezyaniSThatA ke kAraNa hI yaha mahAkAvya hai, bhale hI paramparita mahAkAvyoM ke DhA~ce meM ise upanyasta karane meM kaThinAiyA~ hoN| Atma-sAdhanA kA sAhitya samUcI santadhArA aura bhaktidhArA meM upalabdha hotA hai para zramaNadhArA ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana ke lie Adhunika bhASA, bhaMgimA aura rAgAtmaka tevara se saMvalita yaha pahalI kRti hai jo miTTI, kumbha aura kumbhakAra ke vyAja se eka ora Izvara ke sRSTikartA hone ke siddhAnta kA khaNDana karatI hai to dUsarI ora prakRti, jIva aura Izvara ke svarUpa para prakAza DAlatI hai| kavi kA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki vijitamanA yogI Atma-sAdhanA dvArA svayaM meM nihita IzvarIyazakti kA udghATana kara avinazvara sukha prApta kara sakatA hai / saMsArI Izvara bana sakatA hai para Izvaratva pAkara vaha saMsArI nahIM ho sakatA : "dugdha kA vikAsa hotA hai/phira anta meM/ghRta kA vilAsa hotA hai, kintu/ghRta kA dugdha ke rUpa meM/lauTa AnA sambhava hai kyA ?" (pR. 487) upaniSad bhI nigUDha Atmazakti ke dhyAna, yoga dvArA darzana aura jAgaraNa kI bAta karate haiN| zvetAzvatara' isakA pramANa hai / ata: mAnava kI ananta sambhAvanAoM ko dekhate hue mAnavIyazakti kI pratiSThA kI bAta karanA paramparA sammata hai aura isI kAraNa na hi mAnuSAt zreSThataram' kI dhAraNA balavatI hotI hai| kavi ne kAvya-sRjana kA uddezya spaSTa karate hue mAnasa taraMga' (pR. XXIV) meM likhA hai : "jisane zuddha-sAttvika bhAvoM se sambandhita jIvana ko dharma kahA hai; jisakA prayojana sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM praviSTa huI kurItiyoM ko nirmUla karanA aura yuga ko zubha-saMskAroM se saMskArita kara bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dekara vItarAga zramaNa-saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai aura jisakA nAmakaraNa huA hai 'muukmaattii'|" tAtparya yaha ki jaina darzana ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke AdhAra para hI isa kAvya kA nirmANa huA hai / mATI, kumbha aura kumbhakAra ke pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se rAga-vairAgya, harSa-viSAda, bhoga-tyAga, puNya-pApa, bandhana-mokSa, avyakta-vyakta, preya-zreya tathA maMgala-amaMgala kA aisA udAtta kAvyAtmaka nirUpaNa hindI ke pUrvavartI anyApadeza kAvyoM meM virala hI milegA / kavi apane kAvya kA lakSya aise 'mahAmAnava' kI pratiSThA ko banAtA hai jo ghaTa yA jIva ko sahArA dekara AtmA ke ananta anubhava sindhu meM tairane ke lie chor3a detA hai : "jo moha se mukta ho jIte haiM/rAga-roSa se rIte haiN| janama-maraNa-jarA-jIrNatA/jinheM chU nahIM sakate aba... sapta-bhayoM se mukta, abhaya-nidhAna ve,/nidrA-tandrA jinheM gheratI nahIM, ...zoka se zUnya, sadA azoka haiM... jinake pAsa saMga hai na saMgha/jo ekAkI haiN|" (pR. 326-327) 'niyamasAra' (gAthA 177) meM bhI kahA gayA hai : "jAi-jara-maraNarahiyaM paramaM kammaTThavajjiyaM suddhaM / NANAicausahAvaM akkhayamaviNAsamaccheyaM // "
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 13 'ekAkI' rahane kI bhAvanA sAdhaka ke lie anivArya hai| AcArya kundakunda ne 'dvAdazAnuprekSA' (gAthA 20) meM kahA bhI hai ki saMyamI puruSa sadaiva yaha bhAvanA rakhatA hai ki vaha ekAkI hai, sabhI prakAra ke sambandhoM aura bandhanoM se mukta, taTastha, mamatva rahita aura zuddha hai / yaha zuddha ekatva kI anubhUti hI sAdhaka ke utthAna ke lie anivArya hai : "ekko haM Nimmamo suddho nnaanndNsnnlkssnno| suddhayattamupAdeyamevaM ciMtei saMjado // " 'zrImad bhAgavata' ke ekAdaza skandha ke avadhUtopAkhyAna meM bhI dattAtreyajI kumArI ke AkhyAna ke mAdhyama se yogI ke ekAkI bhramaNa kA upadeza karate haiM : "eka eva caret tasmAt kumAryA iva kaMkaNaH / " (9/10) ata: donoM paramparAoM kI avadhUtacaryA meM kahIM virodha dikhAI hI nahIM pdd'taa| mRNmaya ko cinmaya banA denA jIvana aura sAhitya kA lakSya hai / kavi ne kahA hai : "hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai aura/sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai, artha yaha huA ki/jisake avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava-sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai/anyathA,/surabhi se virahita puSpa-sama sukha kA rAhitya hai vaha/sAra-zUnya zabda-jhuNDa !" (pR. 111) jIvana kA lakSya bhI patana se Upara uThakara utthAna kI ora jAnA, jar3atA se gatizIlatA kI ora jAnA, bandhanoM se mukti kI ora jAnA tathA saMga se asaMga kI ora jAnA hai : "jala ko jar3atva se mukta kara/muktA-phala banAnA, patana ke garta se nikAla kara/uttuMga-utthAna para dharanA, dhRti-dhAriNI dharA kA dhyeya hai|" (pR. 193) vastuta: cAritra, jJAna, tapa aura kSamA saMsAra rUpI sAgara meM tiratI huI sAdhaka rUpI sIpiyoM ko UrdhvamukhI banAte haiN| hara jalakaNa anubhUti jaisA hotA hai, ata: anubhUti rUpI jalakaNa vividha rUpoM meM motiyoM kI taraha sAdhakoM ke hRdaya meM chipe rahate haiN| sIpI bharakara tala meM calI jAtI hai, siddhi pAkara sAdhaka bhI 'sva' meM kho jAte haiM / una anubhUtiyoM rUpI motiyoM ko zabdoM ke gotAkhora DhU~Dha lAte haiM aura jaba zabda vyakta ho jAte haiM to pAThakoM ke lie mAnoM luTa jAte haiN| sAhitya aura jIvana-sAdhanA kI yahI prakriyA hai : "muktamukhI ho, UrdhvamukhI ho/sAgara kI asIma chAtI para anaginata zuktiyA~ tairatI rahatI haiM/jala-kaNoM kI pratIkSA meN| eka-do bUMdeM mukha meM girate hI/tatkAla banda-mukhI banA kara sAgara unheM DubotA hai,/...vahA~ para koI gotAkhora pahu~catA ho sampadA punaH dharA para lAne hetu/vaha svayaM hI luTa jAtA hai|" (pR. 193-94)
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________________ 14 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'mUkamATI' sAdhanAgata dvandva aura antarAyoM ke sAtha jIvasAdhanA kI jaya - yAtrA kA bhI citraNa karatI hai / miTTI kI khudAna, chilana, jalana, AghAta saba sAdhanAgata sahiSNutA ko dyotita karate haiM / yaha kaThora sAdhanA isalie hai ki usase maMgala ghaTa kA nirmANa honA hai / "laghutA kA tyajana hI/gurutA kA yajana hI / zubha kA sRjana hai / " (pR. 51 ) kavi isa tathya se pUrNatayA avagata hai ki vizvazAnti bhoga meM nahIM, tyAga meM nihita hai; hiMsA meM nahIM, ahiMsA meM vidyamAna hai; use parigraha yA saMcaya se nahIM, aparigraha se prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| mArksa aura phrAyaDa jise peTa aura kAma kI bhUkha kahate haiM vahI jIvana kA atha aura iti nahIM hai| bhoga aura samAdhi sahaja rUpa se eka sAtha nahIM raha skte| daihika zaithilya yA tanAvamukti kA nAma samAdhi nahIM hai| yaha darzana kI eka dhArA to ho sakatI hai para adhyAtma nahIM / AdhunikatA kA citraNa karatA huA yugabodha ko prastuta karatA hai para usakI tattvanirUpiNI dRSTi yahA~ bhI pUrNatayA sajaga dikhAI par3atI hai : "isa yuga ke / do mAnava / apane Apa ko / khonA cAhate haiMeka/ bhoga-rAga ko / madya-pAna ko / cunatA hai; aura eka / yoga-tyAga ko / Atma- dhyAna ko / dhunatA hai / kucha hI kSaNoM meM / donoM hote / vikalpoM se mukta / phira kyA kahanA ! / eka zava ke samAna / nirA par3A hai, aura eka / ziva ke samAna / kharA utarA hai|" (pR. 286) sAdhaka ko rAgamukta honA caahie| cAritrya aura zIla hI usakI sampatti hai para kyA vaha rAgAtmaka pariveza meM rahakara bhI aisA bana sakatA hai ? kavi kA uttara sakArAtmaka hai / bhogI phUla ke samAna hai, latA se jur3akara bhI sUkha jAtA hai, jhara jAtA hai aura yogI zUla ke samAna hai, phUloM ke saMga rahakara bhI nirlipta rahatA hai : "lalita-latAyeM ye / hamase A lipaTatI haiM / khulakara AliMgita hotI haiM tathApi / hama zUloM kI zIla- chavi / vigalita- vicalita nahIM hotI, nokadAra hamAre mukha para Akara / apane rAga- parAga DAlatI haiM / tathApi rAgI nahIM banA pAtI hameM / hama para / dAga nahIM lagA pAtIM vaha / " (pR. 100 ) vastuta: cAritra meM dRr3ha aura mana meM dRr3ha samyak darzana kI bhAvanA lekara AtmA kA dhyAna karanevAlA sAdhaka jagat meM raha kara bhI mukta ho jAtA hai| 'mokSa pAhur3a' (gAthA 49) meM kahA bhI gayA hai : "hoUNa diDhacaritto diDhasammatteNa bhAviya maIo / " 'caraNaM havaiM sadhammo'- arthAt caritra rakSA hI dharma hai / aba hindI meM astitvavAdI prabhAva ke kAraNa unmuk yauna-cetanA aura bhogaparaka jo bhI sAhitya likhA gayA hai yA alabera kAmU tathA jyA~ paoNla sArtra jo kucha likha rahe haiM, vaha bhogaparaka nirIzvaravAdI alagAva aura santrAsapriya deha kI bhUkhabharI pIr3hI ke sailAba se bharI racanAe~ haiM / Adhunika kathA sAhitya meM naitikatA ke AyAma DhU~Dhane para bhI nahIM milte| kavitA kI bhI yahI sthiti hai| ku~vara nArAyaNa likhate haiM :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 15 "AmAzaya, yaunAzaya, garbhAzaya, jisakI jiMdagI kA yahI Azaya, yahI itanA bhogya, kitanA sukhI hai vaha, bhAgya usakA IrSyA ke yogya / " 'mUkamATI' ke kavi ne isa kuhAse meM eka kiraNa ko phira prakharatA dI hai aura vaha prakharatA upasarga yA tyAga kI vidhi se phUTI hai / saMsarga, samarpaNa aura aham yA vyaktibodha kA utsarjana hI sRjanazIla jIvana kI saphalatA hai : "jo svAzrita visarga kiyA/so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA/antima sarga huaa| ...tumane svayaM ko/jo/nisarga kiyA,/so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA vargAtIta apavarga huaa|" (pR. 483) sahaja aura akRtrima rUpa meM manuSya janma letA hai phira vaha vidhi-niSedhoM meM ba~dhatA sabhyatAoM ko janma detA hai| bhUgola, arthazAstra, saundarya zAstra aura upayogitA zAstra kI sImAoM meM ba~dhatA aura jUjhatA hai para jaba saba kucha chor3a kara vaha puna: sahaja aura akRtrima jIvana jIne ke lie prakRti kI goda meM muni-caryA svIkAra karatA hai to nisarga siddha hotA hai| isI jIvana-darzana se jisameM kahIM dikhAvA, pradarzana, hInatA yA uccatA kI granthi nahIM, vizva-mAnava ko sukha aura zAnti mila sakatI hai / spaSTa hai, kavi ne upaniSadoM ke jJAnavAda aura prakRtivAda ko munidharma se jor3a kara saMnyAsa ko naI arthavattA dI hai| 'hI' aura 'bhI' ke mAdhyama se kavi ne donoM vRttiyoM ke saMgharSa ko vANI dI hai / bhogavAdI kahatA hai, vahI saba kucha hai, adhyAtmavAdI kahatA hai, vaha bhI kucha hai / 'hI' baddha dRSTi hai aura 'bhI' syAdvAda ke kAraNa mukta dRSTi hai : " 'hI' dekhatA hai hIna dRSTi se para ko 'bhI' dekhatA hai samIcIna dRSTi se saba ko, 'hI' vastu kI zakla ko hI pakar3atA hai 'bhI' vastu ke bhItarI-bhAga ko bhI chUtA hai,/'hI' pazcimI-sabhyatA hai 'bhI' hai bhAratIya saMskRti, bhaagy-vidhaataa|" (pR. 173) jaina AcAryoM ke anusAra gRhastha meM dAna bhAva aura tyAgapUrvaka bhoga bhAva dvArA jIvana ko unnata banAyA jA sakatA hai| indra ko mithilAnareza nimi ne upadeza dete hue kahA thA-"maiM sukha pUrvaka rahatA hU~, kyoMki maiM kisI bhI vastu ko apanI nahIM maantaa| isalie sampUrNa mithilA ke jala jAne para bhI merA kucha jalane vAlA nahIM, kyoMki akSaya jJAna rUpI vitta sadaiva mere pAsa rhegaa|" "suhaM vasAmo jIvAmo jeMsi mo natthi kiMcaNa / mihilAe DajjhamANIe na me Dajjhai kiMcaNa // " (uttarAdhyayana, 9/14) 'IzAvAsyopaniSad' tyAgapUrvaka bhoga ko hI mahattva detA hai / zramaNetara vaidika paramparA meM zukadeva aura janaka ke saMvAda ke rUpa meM bhI yahI dhAraNA vyakta huI hai / janaka kahate haiM : "anantavattu me vittaM na me dahyati kiJcana / mithilAyAM pradagdhAyAM na me dahyati kiJcana / " isIlie kavi mATI ko sAdhaka kA sarvamAnya Adarza batAte hue kahatA hai :
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________________ 16 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "mATI svayaM bhIgatI hai dayA se/aura/auroM ko bhI bhigotI hai|" (pR. 365) 'mUkamATI' cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita kAvya hai / prathama khaNDa kA zIrSaka 'saMkara nahIM : varNalAbha' hai, yahA~ 'ahiMsA ke vyApaka svarUpa kA citraNa huA hai / dvitIya khaNDa kA zIrSaka 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM', 'satya' ke svarUpa kA citraNa karatA hai / tRtIya khaNDa 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' nAma se hai jisameM asteya aura brahmacarya kA nirUpaNa huA hai tathA caturtha khaNDa 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' zIrSaka ke rUpa meM nirmita hai, jisameM aparigraha kA citraNa huA hai / yahA~ sAdhanA kI pUrNatA lakSita hotI hai, kyoMki yahA~ maMgala kalaza yA siddha sAdhaka kA pUrNa utsarga abhivyaMjita huA hai / bhoga se tyAga kI sukhada kintu kaThora yAtrA kA paryavasAna isa khaNDa meM upalabdha hai| isa prakAra kramaza: deha tathA Atmazodhana, tattvadarzana yA nidAna, puNya karma sampAdana tathA tape-pake sAdhaka kI mukti kA citraNa cAroM khaNDoM meM milatA hai| kumbha kI yAtrA kA lakSya thA : "mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI/mujhe jilAnA hai| ...isa jIvana ko artha milegA tuma se mujha meM jala-dhAraNa karane kI zakti hai jo tumhArI pratIkSA kara rahI hai|" (pR. 277) aura paripakva kumbha kI pariNati hai : " 'sva' ko 'sva' ke rUpa meM / 'para' ko para ke rUpa meM/jAnanA hI sahI jJAna hai, aura/'sva' meM ramaNa karanA/sahI jJAna kA 'phl'|" (pR. 375) miTTI ko vyApaka arthoM meM gRhIta karane ke lie kavi ke pAsa vaidika aura zramaNa paramparA kI sudIrgha aura puSTa vicAradhArA hai| veda kA RSi miTrI ko sambodhita karate hue kahatA hai ki he pRthvI! tU prANiyoM ke nivAsa yogya banI hai, tU kaMTaka vihIna ho arthAt AtatAyI aura luTere tere nivAsiyoM ko na staaeN| tU bIja, phala, puSpa, auSadhi tathA annadhana se sabako sukhI banA / tU kSamAzIlA hai, sabako maitrI, kSamA aura dayA kI sIkha de jisase vaha tere samAna prazasta yA supratha bana sakeM : "syonA pRthivi no bhavAnRkSarA niveshnii|| yacchA naH zarma sprthaaH|" (yajurveda - 35.21) 'zrImadbhAgavata' meM bhI miTTI ko kSamAzIlatA, maitrI aura samabhAva kA pratIka batAyA gayA hai, usase udbhUta parvata Adi bhI paropakAra hI karate haiN| ata: sAdhu puruSa ko cAhie ki unakI ziSyatA svIkAra karake unake paropakAra kI zikSA grahaNa kare : "bhUtairAkramyamANo'pi, dhIro daivavazAnugaiH, tad vidvAn na calenmArgAdanvazikSaM kSitervatam / zazvatparArthasarveha: parAkAntasambhavaH; sAdhuH zikSeta bhUbhRtto nagaziSyaH parAtmatAm // " (11/7/37-38)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 17 zramaNaparamparA ke granthoM meM 'dasa bhakti' ke antargata AcArya bhakti' (prAkRta/5) meM kahA gayA hai : "uttamakhamAe puddhvii|" arthAt uttama kSamA meM pRthvI ke samAna Adarza honA caahie| dasaveAliyaM' (10/13) meM bhI AyA hai ki pRthvI ke samAna kSamAzIla, nidAna yA phala kI kAmanA se mukta tathA nRtyagAnAdi bhogavilAsoM meM utsukatA yA ruci na rakhane vAlA hI muni hai : "puDhavisame muNI havejjA, aniyANe akouhalle ya je, sa bhikkhU / " 'sUtrakRtAMga' meM 'puDhavI jIvANa' kahakara jala, agni, vAyu, vanaspati ke sAtha pRthvI ko bhI ahiMsA yogya mAnA gayA hai| inakA pradUSaNa hI mahAvIrajI kI dRSTi meM hiMsA thI / ata: pRthvI ko apradUSita bhAvanA, kSamAzIlatA, dayA, samabhAva, bhUtahita tathA anAsakti kA pratIka mAnA jA sakatA hai / vaidika aura zramaNaparamparA meM pRthvI aura upalakSita mRttikA isI vicAra kI dyotaka hai / AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne miTTI ko isI vicAra vRtta se kavitA ke lie cunA aura samagra bhAratIya cintana kA pratIka banAkara prastuta kiyA / mRttikA ko unhoMne sArvabhauma sAdhanA aura zubhAkAMkSA ke rUpa meM sAmane rakhA / jIvana sambandhoM aura bhAvanAoM kA vaividhya 'miTTI' ke sahAre dikhAnA sarala kAma na thA / darzana vizeSa kI avadhAraNAoM ko Adhunika paridRzya ke anukUla prastuta karanA bhI sahaja na thaa| AtaMkavAda aura damana meM vizvAsa rakhane vAloM ko kSamAbhAva kI zikSA dekara hRdayaparivartana ke lie prerita kara denA sarvAtmavAdI, sarvodayI aura anekAntavAdI vicArakoM kI bhAvanA kA dyotaka to hai hI, yugIna samasyA kA samAdhAna prastuta karane kI dizA meM kavi kI tatparatA bhI hai| ata: yuga aura yugIna vyavasthA ke tAz2e sandarbho kI ora izArA karanA bhI kavi kA lakSya rahA hai| pantajI ne chAndogya' ke anusAra jisa prakAra 'satyakAma' meM agni, vRSabha, madgu Adi ke mAdhyama se darzana bodha karAyA hai, AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne zUla, latA, kaMkara, mRttikA, babUla, avA, kumbha, macchara, jhArI tathA svarNa kalaza ke pratIkoM dvArA vividhatApUrNa sAmAjika vyavasthAoM, dhAraNAoM tathA pravRttiyoM kA vizleSaNa kiyA hai| itane sUkSma dharAtala para kAvya aura darzana kA anokhA saMgama prastuta kara denA hI 'mUkamATI' ke mahAkAvyatva kA pramANa hai| . yaha bAta maiM vizeSa rUpa se kahanA cAhatA hU~ ki vairAgya kI bhitti para rAgAtmaka manodazAoM ke citra ukerane meM kavi ne adbhuta kauzala kA paricaya diyA hai / darzana ke tattvoM kA vivecana vyaMjanAgarbhita hone ke kAraNa isakA kAvyatva vizRMkhalita nahIM huA / kAvyonmukha darzana isa racanA kI dhurI hai, darzana kA paivaMda racanA ke kalevara para nahIM TaiMkA / kavi kA zabdoM aura unakI niruktiyoM para asAdhAraNa adhikAra hai / vaha sAmAnya se sAmAnya zabda ko lekara bhI adekhe, apratyAzita aura acInhe artha udghATita kara detA hai / kumbhakAra aura gadahA jaise sAmAnya aura tuccha zabdoM ko bhI vaha navIna arthavattA ke sAtha prastuta karatA hai / isake atirikta prAkRtika paridRzyoM ke citraNa meM usane kSIradharmI dRSTi kA bhI paricaya diyA hai / bimbAtmaka bhASA ke kAraNa kAvya kA zilpa mahanIya ho uThA hai, eka dRzya dekheM : "parvatoM ke pada lar3akhar3Aye/aura/parvatoM kI pagar3iyA~/dharA para gira par3IM, vRkSoM meM paraspara saMgharSa chir3A/kasa-kasAhaTa AhaTa/sparya kA hI nahIM, aspaW kA bhI sparzana hone lagA/kaI vRkSa zIrSAsana sIkhane lage, bAMsa daNDavat karane lage/dharA kI chAtI se cipakane lge|" (pR. 438)
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________________ 18 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'mUkamATI'Adhunika jIvana kA nidAna zAstra hai, kAvyatva se otaprota bodhazAstra hai| isIlie maiM ise 'bodhakAvya' kahane kA pakSadhara huuN| udAtta viSaya, udAtta bhAvabodha, udAtta bhASA tathA udAtta zilpa se yukta hone ke kAraNa yadi ise koI mahAkAvya kahanA cAhe to kaha sakatA hai para isake sabhI pratIka pAtra kyoMki upadeza karate hue calate haiM, ata: ise 'adhyAtmabodha kAvya' kahA jAnA hI yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai| Adhunika viDambanA ko bhogatA huA manuSya yadi ina paMktiyoM ko jIvana meM utAra le to usakA kalyANa ho sakatA hai / abhinnatA aura advaitatA hI 'mUkamATI' kA mukhara sandeza hai : "jala aura jvalanazIla anala meM/antara zeSa rahatA hI nahIM sAdhaka hI antara-dRSTi meN|/nirntr sAdhanA kI yAtrA bheda se abheda kI ora/veda se aveda kI ora bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI cAhie/anyathA,/vaha yAtrA nAma kI hai yAtrA kI zurUAta abhI nahIM huI hai / " (pR. 267) 'mUkamATI' : rUpaka dvArA gahana adhyAtma kA iMgana pro. (DaoN.) jagadIza candra jaina AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara kI kRti kA svAgata hai / kaThora tapazcaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha sAhityika pravRttiyoM ke hetu samaya nikAla pAnA zreyaskara samajhA jaaegaa| yaha Adarza kI bAta hai| purAtana kAla meM hamAre sammAnya santa-mahantoM evaM manISI AcAryoM ne jo hamArI saMskRti ko samRddha banAyA hai, etadartha hama unake sadA RNI rheNge| mATI jaisI nagaNya evaM akiMcana samajhI jAne vAlI vastu ko apanI kAvya pratibhA kA viSaya banAkara use ucca pada para pratiSThita karanA asAdhAraNa sUjhabUjha kA dyotaka hai / eka kuzala zilpI kI kalA ke saMyoga se eka nirIha vastu maMgala ghaTa ke rUpa meM jIvana kI sArthakatA ko prApta kara letI hai, yaha gambhIra AlocanA kA viSaya hai| mUkamATI ke rUpaka dvArA gahana adhyAtma kI ora iMgita kiyA gayA hai| kAza, patana ke garta kI ora agrasara hotA huA hamArA samAja, mAnava mUlyoM ko puna: gatizIlatA pradAna karane ke hetu, isa amUlya kRti kA zravaNa, manana evaM nididhyAsana karane meM sakriya rUpa se pravRtta ho sake, isI eka mAtra kAmanA ke saath| arvs nizA kI avasAna rahA hai / INM UpAkI abazAna ye hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya : nayI kavitA kA eka sazakta hastAkSara DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' 'mUkamATI' eka dArzanika mahAkAvya hai jo Adhunika sandarbha meM bhI bejor3a, zAzvata mUlyoM ko prasthApita karatA hai| Aja ke udvelita samAja meM prasphuTita vicAroM ke nae aMkuroM meM vijJAna apanI paiTha jamA rahA hai aura bhAratIyatA ke pariveza meM jIvana-mUlyoM ko parakhane ke lie hamArI dehalI para dastaka de rahA hai| Aja kI naI pIr3hI meM eka savAla ubhara rahA hai ki kyA AdhyAtmikatA AdhunikatA ke vaicArika dharAtala para apane Apa ko yugIna aura kAlabAhya siddha kara sakegI? yA yoM kaheM ki kyA AdhyAtmikatA kI upekSA hamAre jIvana kI yathArthatA ko samajhane ke lie ghAtaka siddha nahIM hogI ? yadi isa prazna ko uttarita karane meM hamArA mana vidheyAtmakatA kI ora jhukatA hai to phira prazna uThegA ki vaha kauna-sA rUpa ho sakatA hai jo hameM jIvana-mUlyoM kI arthavattA ko tarkasaMgata aura buddhisaMgata banA de aura sahajatA pUrvaka pratibhAsita karA de ki jIvana kI iyattA bhautikatAvAdI manovRtti meM nahIM balki usase pratimukta tyAga ke pariveza meM panapI vItarAgI savRtti meM hai| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya isI savRtti ko aMkurita aura pratiSThita karane vAle darzana ko apane anupama abhivyaMjanA-zilpa ke mAdhyama se prastuta karatA hai aura sAhitya-jagat meM kAlajayI siddha hone ke lie dAvedAra bana jAtA hai| 'mUkamATI': Adhunika hindI sAhitya ke sandarbha meM Adhunika hindI kAvya meM chAyAvAda se lekara sAThottarI kavitA taka koI bhI aisA kAvya yA mahAkAvya dRSTipatha meM nahIM AyA jisakI tulanA AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara ke 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya se kI jA sake / isIlie hamane ise 'mahAkati' kahA hai| chAyAvAdI yaga meM prasAda ne 'kAmAyanI', 'A~sa' jaise viraha prasata AnandavAdIbhAvAtmaka kAvyoM kI racanA kii| panta ne 'granthi', 'pallava', 'vINA', 'uttarA, 'lokAyatana' Adi kRtiyoM meM jIvana aura jagat ke prati naI dRSTi dii| nirAlA kA adhyAtma -cintana aura loka-sRjana rAma kI zaktipUjA', 'saroja smRti, tulasIdAsa', 'kukuramuttA' Adi racanAoM meM pratibimbita huA / mahAdevI ne apanI samUcI kAvya-racanAoM meM viraha vedanA kI anubhUti kI AtyantikatA, mAdakatA aura mAdhurya ko abhivyakta kiyA hai / parantu ina sabhI kAvyoM meM kahIM bhI virAgatA aura zuddha AdhyAtmikatA ke darzana nahIM hote| yaha bAta sahI hai ki chAyAvAdI rahasyavAdI kAvya-cetanA ke antargata abhivyakti ke sarvathA nae AyAma sAmane Ae, vyaktigata cetanA yuganaddha huI, kalAtmaka bodha kA vistAra huA, citrAtmaka paramparA kA sRjana huA, prakRti kA sUkSma nirIkSaNa kiyA gayA, prema-vyApAra bhare jIvana kA dastAvez2a pragaTa kiyA gayA, vAsanA kA iz2ahAra huA parantu jIvana kI yathArthatA aura cetanA kI vizuddha cirantanatA kA koI rUpa vahA~ upalabdha nahIM hotaa| 'mUkamATI' jisa pavitra bhAvabhUmi para sRjita huI hai, vaha uparyukta kisI bhI kAvyavidhA meM dikhAI nahIM detI / AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI ne, lagatA hai samasAmayika sAhitya kI uparyukta pravRttiyoM ke prati asantoSa vyakta karate hue unheM sAhitya ke yathArtha se bAhara rakhA aura kahA ki yadi samasAmayika sAhitya, sAhitya ke yathArtha artha se samanvita ho to hI vaha sarvottama kahA jA sakatA hai, anyathA 'sAra-zUnya zabda-jhuNDa' hI hogA : "sarvottama hogA sama-sAmayika !/zilpI ke zilpaka-sA~ce meM sAhitya zabda DhalatA-sA!/hita se jo yukta - samanvita hotA hai vaha sahita mAnA hai/aura/sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai, artha yaha huA ki/jisa ke avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava - sampAdana ho
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________________ jaise tattva bhAvoM 20 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sahI sAhitya vahI hai/anyathA,/surabhi se virahita puSpa-sama sukha kA rAhitya hai vaha/sAra-zUnya zabda-jhuNDa"!" (pR. 110-111) Adhunika yuga tarkazIlatA kA yuga hai, vicAra svAtantrya kA yuga hai, rASTrIya bhAvanAoM ke jAgaraNa kA yuga hai| isameM yathArthonmukha AdarzavAda kA vikAsa huA, audyogika krAnti huI, vyaktivAda aura svacchandatAvAda kA janma huA, romAMTika kriyAkalApa bar3he aura Arthika viSamatA panapI / isameM vartamAna yuga aura samasAmayika kI bhUmikA ke rUpa meM rinesA~ saMskRti tathA pU~jIvAdI samAja-vyavasthAoM kA dvandvAtmaka yoga huA aura Adhunika zodha-bodha meM sakriyatA aaii| phalataH dharmanirapekSatA, sArvabhaumikatA, sAmAjika sudhAravAda, sarvodayavAda, varNavyavasthA virodha, samAjavAda jaisI vicAradhArAe~ lokapriya hone lgiiN| vijJAnavAda para bhI bala diyA jAne lgaa| dharma kI pAramparikatA para phalata: praznacihna khar3A ho gyaa| mUkamATI' aise hI praznacihnoM ko samAdhAnita karane kI dRSTi se racA gayA mahAkAvya pratIta hotA hai| racanA kI pRSThabhUmi aura uddezya pratyeka racanA kI pRSThabhUmi meM koI na koI paristhiti kAma karatI hai / usake bhAvoM aura vicAroM kA koI sandarbha vizeSa hotA hai| racanA meM gatyAtmakatA, pragADhatA. anabhatiparakatA. saMvedanazIlatA. sakSmatA jaise aura vicAroM meM sampRkti ke binA unmeSita nahIM ho pAte, zabda aura artha kA sAkSAt yoga nahIM ho pAtA, naI naI udbhAvanAe~ nahIM A pAtIM aura sAdhAraNIkaraNa kI prakriyA juTa nahIM paatii| 'mUkamATI' ke adhyayana se aisI dhAraNA balavatI hotI jAtI hai ki usakI racanA ke pIche koI ghaTanA vizeSa hai jisane kavi ko udvelita kara diyA hai| aise hI udvelana kA pariNAma hai 'mUkamATI, jisameM nimitta-upAdAna kI sundara mImAMsA kI gaI hai| saMvedanazIla kavi ne prastuta mahAkAvya meM na nimitta para bala diyA hai aura na upAdAna ko pramukhatA dI hai, balki unhoMne Agamika AdhAra para usakA sApekSika kathana kiyA hai jo eka ora dArzanika bodha kA vistAra karatA hai to dUsarI ora vyAvahArika kSetra meM utarakara vastu-sthiti ko samajhane kA saMketa karatA hai / nimitta-upAdAna kA mUlyAMkana aikAntika dRSTi se sambhava nahIM hai / yahI 'mUkamATI' kA kathya hai aura yahI usakA tathya hai jo avAntara ghaTanAoM meM anusyUta hai| 'mUkamATI' yadyapi mahAkAvya hai, para usakA uddezya eka viziSTa dArzanika siddhAnta ko spaSTa karanA rahA hai / vaha darzana parama sattva kI pratiSThA hai, upalabdha jJAna ko prApta karane kI prakriyA hai / kAvya bhAvAtmaka hotA hai aura darzana bauddhika / darzana kI anubhUti ke lie vAsanAhIna honA par3atA hai para kAvya kI anubhUti ke lie vAsanA eka anivArya zarta hai / zuddha dArzanikoM ne 'kAvyAlApAMzca varjayet' kahakara isI tathya ko prastuta kiyA hai / yadyapi donoM kA sambandha jIvana kI vyAkhyA karanA hai para usakA sAdhana bhinna-bhinna hai| pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ne darzana aura jIvana ke isa sambandha ko anubhUti kA viSaya nahIM banAyA jabaki bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne anubhUti ko hI parama mUlya ke rUpa meM svIkArA hai| isalie ve kavi bhI hue aura dArzanika bhI / dArzanikoM ne kAvya-sRjana bhI kiyA / AcAryazrI dArzanika bhI haiM aura kavi bhI haiN| vizeSatA yaha hai ki 'mUkamATI' kAvya hote hue bhI usameM vAsanA kA sparza bhI dikhAI nahIM detA / virAgatA kA raMga Adi se anta taka car3hA huA hai / phira bhI kAvyAtmakatA meM koI kamI nahIM AI balki usameM nae mAnoMpratimAnoM ke kAraNa prabhAvAtmakatA aura bhI bar3ha gaI hai / ata: vaha lIka se haTakara eka alaga hI vidhA kA nirmApaka bana gayA hai| ___ bhAratIya darzanazAstra nItizAstra se jur3A huA hai / darzana ke sAtha nIti tattva athavA AcaraNa tattva kI vyAkhyA bhI yahA~ yugapat hotI rahatI hai| kAvya zubha aura azubha kI bhI vyAkhyA karatA hai / kalAvAdI bhale hI naitika tattva ko kAvya kI zreSThatA kI kasauTI svIkAra na kareM para dUsare loga usakA mUlyAMkana mAnavIya AcaraNa kI vyAkhyA ke AdhAra para kiyA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 21 karate haiM / ina tattvoM kA samanvaya vastutaH kAvya meM eka anya prakAra kI hI rasAtmakatA ko utpanna kara detA hai / sarvodayavAda aura samAjavAda kI dizA sAhitya ke sahI artha ko spaSTa karatI hai / AcAryazrI ne sAhityika bhAva-bodha kA prazna uThAte hue pazcimI sabhyatA aura bhAratIya sabhyatA ke bIca mahattvapUrNa eka vibhedaka rekhA khIMcI hai (pR. 102 - 103) aura zodha-bodha kI bAta karate hue (pR. 107) sAhitya ke mArmika artha ko spaSTa kiyA hai (pR. 111) / tadanusAra hita se samanvita honA sAhitya kI AtmA hai| 'mUkamATI' kI bhI yahI AdhArara-bhUmi hai / ata: vaha dArzanika mahAkAvya hai, darzana aura adhyAtma kA samanvita rUpa hai, sAMskRtika paramparA kI jIvanta mahAkRti hai / isa mahAkRti meM mahAkavi ne jainadarzana ko sRjanAtmaka svara dene kA prayatna kiyA hai| unakI sRjana-prakriyA bAhya yathArtha kI AbhyantarIkaraNaprakriyA hai, jo svAnubhava para AdhArita hai / unhoMne yuga-jIvana ke vaiSamya ko dekhA - samajhA-parakhA hai, naitika saMkaTa kI unheM anubhUti huI hai / isalie 'mUkamATI' jaise dArzanika mahAkAvya kA sRjana ho sakA hai| aisI dArzanika mahAkRti kI saiddhAntika aura vyAvahArika samIkSA karanA sarala nahIM hotaa| eka hI kAvya meM siddhAnta aura kAvya, donoM kA sampuTa honA eka viziSTa pratibhA kA pradarzana hai jo 'mUkamATI' meM mukhara huA hai / siddhAnta yathArtha aura vastuvAdI vyAkhyA karatA hai, anugama vidhi kA upayoga karatA hai jisameM vastuoM ke adhyayana ke AdhAra para siddhAnta banAe jAte haiM aura vyavahAra prayoga kI bAta karatA huA nigamana vidhi ko apanAtA hai / yahA~ donoM vidhiyoM kA prayoga huA hai / samAjazAstra, manovaijJAnika Adi siddhAntoM kI bhI mImAMsA isa mahAkRti meM yathAsthAna kI gaI hai aura anta meM nimitta aura upAdAna kA mUlyAMkana kiyA gayA hai / mahAkavi kA yaha eka krAntikArI prayoga hai, bilakula abhinava prayoga jisane sAhitya aura kAvya ke kSetra meM zRMgAra ke sthAna para virAgatA kI prANa-pratiSThA kI aura jIvana kI vyApakatA ko spaSTa kiyA / yaha prayoga eka viziSTa sAMskRtika dRSTi kA prayoga hai, siddhAnta aura jIvana-niSThA kA prayoga hai, vyaktitva kI bhAvanA kA prayoga hai| isa virala prayoga meM samIkSaka kA tAdAtmya sambandha honA kAvya ke prati nyAya karane ke lie atyAvazyaka hai / yaha kAvya sAmAjika cetanA para AdhArita hai, vaha bhI nakArAtmaka nahIM, sakArAtmaka hai / yathocita pariveza aura vAtAvaraNa ko prastuta karate hue kavi ne yaha avadhAraNA dI hai ki vyakti ko apanI upAdAna zakti para vizvAsa karanA cAhie aura nimitta kA Azraya lekara use unmeSita karanA caahie| AdhyAtmika kSetra meM Akara sva aura para kA bhedavijJAna prApta karanA hI usakA lakSya bana jAtA hai| isalie niyati aura puruSArtha kA pAramparika artha bhI kavi kI dRSTi meM badala gayA : " 'ni' yAnI nija meM hI / 'yati' yAnI yatana - sthiratA hai apane meM lIna honA hI niyati hai / nizcaya se yahI yati hai, / aura 'puruSa' yAnI AtmA - paramAtmA hai / 'artha' yAnI prAptavya - prayojana hai AtmA ko chor3akara / saba padArthoM ko vismRta karanA hI sahI puruSArtha hai / " (pR. 349) niyati aura puruSArtha kI yaha cetanA vyakti ko jIvana kA mUlya samajhane ke lie eka mahattvapUrNa dastAvez2a hai, Atmika sAkSAtkAra hai, nispRhatA kA udbhAvana hai aura sAmAjika cetanA kI sakriyatA hai / Aja kI visaMgatiyoM se mukta hone ke lie kalyANa ke icchuka mumukSuoM ke lie yaha eka nirvivAda sundara patha hai jo mAnavatA kI asIma bhAvabhUmi kA saMsparza karatA huA avirala gati se nae-nae kSitijoM ko udghATita karatA calA jAtA hai|
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________________ 22 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA rASTrIya cetanA ke anta:svara / eka bAta aura hai, sAhityakAra sAMsArikatA se kitanA bhI asampRkta kyoM na ho, vaha rASTrIya cetanA se apane ko achUtA nahIM rakha sktaa| rASTra ke vikAsa meM usakA pradeya sAhityika pariveza meM upekSita nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / kaviyoM para rASTra ke vikAsa kA uttaradAyitva rahA hai, jo unhoMne bakhUbI nibhAyA hai| mAnavIya saMvedanAoM ke spandanoM kI dhar3akana se jo saMgIta-svara udbhUta hue unhoMne vyakti, samAja aura rASTra kI kozikAoM ko jhaMkRta kiyA aura akhaNDatA, ekaniSTha tA aura sadAcaraNa kI ora kadama bar3hAne ke lie prerita kiyA / saMkIrNatA ke dAyare se haTakara sArvajanIna aura sarvAMgINa dRSTi se mAnavIya cetanA ko pariSkRta karane kA uttaradAyitva sAhityakAra kI marmajJatA aura sRjanazIlatA kA paricAyaka hai| 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kI paribhASA se Abaddha usakI vicAradhArA vizva-mAnavatA kA pATha par3hAtI hai, rASTrIyatA ko prasphuTita karatI hai, ahaMvAda ko visarjita karatI hai aura vizvazAnti ke svapna ko sAkAra karane kA nayA AyAma detI hai / antararASTrIya sadbhAva, paraspara sahayoga, saha-astitva aura sadvRttiyoM ke jAgaraNa karane meM usakA yogadAna eka ahaM bhUmikA lie rahatA hai / 'mUkamATI' kA yaha avadAna eka ora AdhyAtmika saMskAra ko jAgrata karane ke lie sazakta sAdhana hai to dUsarI ora kSamatA aura sAmarthya ko sahI dizA-dAna ke lie eka vinamra Andolana hai| "jAgo phira eka bAra" jaise jAgaraNa gItoM kI ekalayatA meM 'mUkamATI' kA "merA saMgI saMgIta hai, samarasa nAraMgIzIta hai" (pR. 145) kA yugabodha nayA svara jor3a detA hai jo Atma-pariSkAra kI dRSTi se aura yathArthabodha kI ora sajagatA lAne kI kAmanA se nizcita hI mahAn pradeya mAnA jA sakatA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke racayitA kI dRSTi meM paMjAba kA masalA aura usakA pracaNDa AtaMkavAda eka cintA kA viSaya rahA hai| isalie vaha kaha uThatA hai pUre svara se ki AtaMkavAda ke rahate dharatI zAnti kA zvAsa nahIM le sktii| isalie use pUrI zakti se samApta karanA hogaa| aba vilamba karane kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| yaha to astitva kA prazna hai / yahA~ astitva eka kA hI rahegA, tabhI samRddhi hogI : "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda/zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI dharatI yaha,/ye A~kheM aba/AtaMkavAda ko dekha nahIM sakatI, ye kAna aba/AtaMka kA nAma suna nahIM sakate, yaha jIvana bhI kRta-saMkalpita hai ki/usakA rahe yA isakA yahA~ astitva eka kA rahegA,/aba vilamba kA svAgata mata karo nadI ko pAra karanA hI hai/...bhaya-vismaya-saMkoca ko Azraya mata do aba!" (pR. 441-442) AtaMkavAda ko samApta karane meM kavi kI dRSTi sahI samAjavAda kI prasthApanA kI ora jAtI hai jisameM dhanatantra kI jagaha janatantra kI ArAdhanA ho aura nirdhanoM meM dhana kA samucita vitaraNa ho (pR. 461, 468) / unhoMne paMjAba ke tatkAlIna mukhyamantrI prakAza siMha bAdala ke sthAna para surajIta siMha baranAlA ko mukhyamantrI banAe jAne para apanI jo prakriyA vyakta kI hai, vaha draSTavya hai : "bAdala dala chaMTa gaye haiM/kAjala-pala kaTa gaye haiM varanA, lAlI kyoM phUTI hai/sudUra "prAcI meM !" (pR. 440) hama bhAratIya svatantra haiM aura svatantratApriya haiN| hama na svayaM paratantra honA cAhate haiM aura na dUsaroM ko paratantra
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 23 karanA cAhate haiM balki paratantra dezoM ko svatantra karane meM hama yathAzakya madada karate haiN| hamAre bhArata kI yahI videza nIti rahI hai, isakA saMketa AcAryazrI ne kumbha ke mukha se kucha paMktiyA~ kahalAkara kiyA hai : "yahA~ /bandhana rucatA kise ?/mujhe bhI priya hai svatantratA tabhI "to""/kisI ke bhI bandhana meM/ba~dhanA nahIM cAhatA maiM, na hI kisI ko/bA~dhanA cAhatA huuN|/jaante hama,/bA~dhanA bhI to bandhana hai ! tathApi/svacchandatA se svayaM/bacanA cAhatA hU~/bacatA hU~ yathA-zakya/aura bacanA cAhe ho, na ho/bacAnA cAhatA hU~ auroM ko/bacAtA hU~ yathA-zakya / yahA~/bandhana rucatA kise?/mujhe bhI priya hai svtntrtaa|" (pR. 442-443) ___ svatantra deza meM rAjanItika daloM kA honA to Avazyaka hotA hai para unakI dalagata kutsita nIti rASTra ke lie hAnikAraka hotI hai, rASTra-vighAtaka hotI hai / dala-bahulatA vastuta: zAnti ko naSTa-bhraSTa karane vAlI aura svArtha kendrita hotI hai : "dala-bahulatA zAnti kI hananI hai nA!/jitane vicAra, utane pracAra utanI cAla-DhAla/hAlA ghulI jala-tA/klAnti kI jananI hai nA! tabhI to/ativRSTi kA, anAvRSTi kA/aura akAla-varSA kA samarthana ho rahA yahA~ para !/tuccha svArthasiddhi ke lie kucha vyartha kI prasiddhi ke lie/saba kucha anartha ghaTa sakatA hai !" (pR. 197) svatantratA ko kAyama rakhane ke lie sahI samAjavAda aura sahI sarvodayavAda kA avalambana AdhArazilA mAnI jA sakatI hai jisa para prazasta AcAra-vicAra mar3he hoM aura janakalyANa kI bAta khudI ho / jahA~ na dambha ho, na rAjasatA, na svArtha ho na mAtra nArebAjI, na pattharoM kI mAra ho na vilAsitA ho| vahA~ ho adhyAtmavAda se siMcita puruSArthavRtti aura sadAzayatA se bharI paropakAritA (pR. 461) / ___ kavi mAtra rASTrIya cetanA se hI otaprota nahIM hai / use antararASTrIya sthiti kA bhI pUrA AbhAsa hai / lagatA hai, 'mUkamATI' likhate samaya (1984-87 I.) paMjAba kA AtaMkavAda aura pAkistAna dvArA usakA saMcAlana kavi ke mAnasa ko udvelita kara detA hai / isIlie to vaha kaha uThatA hai vahA~ ke tatkAlIna rASTrAdhyakSa janarala jiyA ula haka se, ki use sadAzaya aura samaSTi kI bAta socanI caahie| miTane-miTAne kI bAta usake mu~ha se zobhA nahIM detI : "paraspara kalaha huA tuma logoM meM/bahuta huA, vaha galata huaa| miTAne-miTane ko kyoM tule ho/itane sayAne ho !/juTe ho pralaya karAne viSa se dhule ho tuma !/...sadaya bano!/adaya para dayA karo abhaya bano !/samaya para kiyA karo abhaya kI/amRta-maya vRSTi sadA sadA sadAzaya dRSTi/re jiyA, samaSTi jiyA karo! jIvana ko mata raNa banAo/prakRti mA~ kA RNa cukAo !" (pR. 149) rASTrIya-antararASTrIya sthiti para cintana karate hue kavi ne anekAntavAda ko aise amogha astra ke rUpa meM yahA~ prasthApita kiyA hai jo pArasparika mana-muTAva ko dUra kara sauhArdabhAva ko janma detA hai aura caturmukhI vikAsa ke galiyAre taya karatA hai / isake lie 'hI' aura 'bhI' kI saMskRti ke antara ko samajhakara 'bhI' ko AtmasAt karanA hogaa| tabhI
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________________ 24 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA lokatantra kA nIr3a surakSita raha sakegA (pR. 173) / kathya aura tathya 'mUkamATI' kA darzana sRjanazIla darzana hai| usakI sRjanazIlatA meM upAdAna aura nimitta kAraNa samanvita rUpa se uttaradAyI haiN| yaha uttaradAyitva viSayavastu ke rUpa meM cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hai| prathama bhAga meM miTTI kA saMsarga kumhAra se hotA hai / dvitIya bhAga meM ahaM kA visarjana aura samarpaNa hai / tRtIya bhAga samarpita ke sAmane Agata vividha parIkSAoM se sambaddha hai tathA caturtha bhAga vargAtIta apavarga kI prApti para AdhArita hai / isa prakAra samUcA mahAkAvya darzana se otaprota hai / ye cAroM bhAga kramaza: catuSpuruSArtha tathA caturAzrama-vyavasthA ke pratIka mAne jA sakate haiN| kavi ne inameM jIvana kI aneka parachAiyoM ko naz2adIka se dekhA hai aura unakI bahuraMgI pratikRtiyoM ko anubhUti kI pA~khoM meM saMjoyA hai| 'mUkamATI' kI prastuta viSayavastu aura usakI abhivyaMjanA kI sthiti meM sundara tAratamya dikhAI detA hai| viSaya bilakula nayA hai aura usakI abhivyakti bhI utanI hI naI hai / kahIM bhI kRtrima sRjanazIlatA dikhAI nahIM detii| Adhunika kavitA meM viSayoM kA Adhikya aura vastugata vaividhya adhika hai jisase usameM vaha gambhIratA nahIM A pAtI jo ekaniSTha kAvya meM sambhava hai| prakati-citraNa meM paramparA ke sAtha navInatA kA samAveza milatA hai para kaviyoM ne usakA upayoga apanI zRMgArika bhAvanAoM ke paripoSaNa meM hI adhika kiyA hai jabaki 'mUkamATI' meM prakRti kA prayoga pUre saundaryabodha ke sAtha AdhyAtmikatA kI abhivyakti meM hI kiyA gayA hai| rAmanareza tripAThI ne 'svapna' kAvya meM kazmIra yAtrA ke daurAna dekhe gae saundarya ko aMkita kiyA hai para 'mUkamATI' kA kavi 'svapna' kI kitanI sundara AdhyAtmika vyAkhyA karatA hai, use pR. 294-295 para avalokita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ___ chAyAvAdI kaviyoM kI romAMTika manovRtti ne unheM palAyana kI ora pravRtta kiyA parantu 'mUkamATI' kA kavi atha se iti taka usa AtmasaMgharSa kI bAta karatA hai jo use vItarAgatA kI dizA meM Age le jaae| nArI ke zRMgArika citraNa kA to prazna hI nahIM hai balki usake sAre paryAyArthaka zabdoM ko nayA AyAma diyA gayA hai (pR.202-208), jo anyatra kahIM nahIM milatA / isI taraha rahasyAtmakatA kI abhivyakti chAyAvAdI kaviyoM ke samAna prakRti para sacetanatA ke Aropa evaM priyatama premikA ke rUpakoM ke mAdhyama se nahIM huI balki usake prati taTasthatAvAdI dRSTikoNa se huI hai| samakAlIna kAvya meM 'mUkamATI' kI ye vizeSatAe~ durlabha haiN| dArzanika anucintana - jaisA hama kaha cuke haiM, 'mUkamATI' eka dArzanika mahAkAvya hai / usakA uddezya hI upAdAna-nimitta siddhAnta kI vAstavikatA ko udghATita karanA rahA hai / AcAryazrI ne apanI isI kRti ke 'mAnasa-taraMga' meM nimitta kAraNoM ke prati anAsthA rakhane vAloM se jo prazna pUche haiM una praznoM kA samAdhAna niSedhAtmakatA dvArA hI diyA jA sakatA hai| nimitta kI isa anivAryatA ko dekhakara Izvara ko sRSTi kA kartA mAnanA bhI vastu-tattva kI svatantra yogyatA ko nakAranA hai aura Izvara-pada kI pUjyatA para praznacihna lagAnA hai" ('mAnasa-taraMga', pR. XXII) / usI ke anta meM unhoMne jo kucha mAnA hai, usake AdhAra para samIkSaka dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM nimnalikhita vizeSatAe~ dekhI jA sakatI haiM, jinameM mahAkavi kA darzana pratibimbita hotA hai : (1) vItarAga zramaNa saMskRti kI abhivyakti (2) dArzanika siddhAntoM kI anukRti (3) upAdAna-nimitta kAraNoM kI mImAMsaka pratikRti
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 25 (7) (4) zabda ko nae artha aura artha ko paramArtha dene vAlI bhAvakRti (5) ___ AdhyAtmika cetanA ko jAgrata karane vAlI anUThI kRti (6) kurItiyoM ko nirmUla karane vAlI viziSTa kRti bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dene vAlI preraka kRti (8) zuddha sAttvika AcaraNa ko prasthApita karane vAlI mahAkRti (9) hindI kA apratima dArzanika mahAkAvya (10) nayI kavitA kA sazakta hastAkSara (11) vItarAga sAdhu kI sAmAjika sArthakatA : eka AvazyakatA (12) varNa-lAbha : satpuruSArtha kI chAyA meM (13) zuddha cetanA kI svAtantrya cetanA-prApti kA preraka sUtra (14) nArI kI zakti kA pratiSThApaka mahAkAvya (15) samAjavAda kA dizAdarzaka mahAkAvya (16) zrama kA pratiSThApaka mahAkAvya (17) saMyama aura sAdhanA kA digdarzaka mahAkAvya (18) prakRti kA anuraMjaka aura sAhitya kA vidhAyaka mahAkAvya (19) samatA, zamatA aura paramArthatA kA sAdhaka mahAkAvya (20) AtaMkavAda kA zAmaka evaM anekAntavAda kA pratiSThApaka mahAkAvya (21) zAnta rasa aura ahiMsA kI carama sAdhanA kA prasthApaka mahAkAvya (22) yathArtha zramaNa sAdhanA kA abhivyaMjaka mahAkAvya (23) svayaM ke paripakva AcaraNa se AsthA kI anubhUti kA AsvAdaka mahAkAvya (24) pratIkoM kI nayI zrRMkhalA kA AsvAdaka mahAkAvya (25) dharma kI yathArthatA aura mahAnatA kA pratiSThApaka mahAkAvya isa mahAkAvya kI ye katipaya vizeSatAe~ haiM jinakA AsvAdana sarasa pAThaka prati paMkti meM le sakate haiM aura pA sakate haiM nayA dizAbodha, jo unheM kAvyasRjana kI AdhyAtmikatA meM sarAbora kara detA hai| nimitta-upAdAna kI carcA kA tAtparya yahA~ yaha hai ki padArtha apanA mUla svabhAva kabhI nahIM chodd'taa| isalie hara dravya- padArtha svayaM hI apanA svAmI hai| use koI bandI nahIM banA sakatA / phira bhI grahaNa-saMgrahaNa kA bhAva rahatA hai, jo saMsaraNa kA kAraNa hotA hai (pR.185) / 'mUkamATI' meM isa tathya kA gambhIra vizleSaNa huA hai| ___ 'mUkamATI' ke kavi ne anekAntavAda ko apane jIvana meM utArA hai aura asantoSa kI Aga ko apanI virAgatA se zAnta kiyA hai| unameM kitanI tapana hai saddhAma pAne ke lie aura usakA bhItarI AyAma kitanA vistRta ho gayA hai| isa dizA meM vItarAgatA kA parAga pAne ke lie, ise dekhie "kitanI tapana hai yaha" paMktiyoM meM (pR. 140-141) / "merA saMgI saMgIta hai" (pR. 144-147) meM saptabhaMgiyoM kA vizleSaNa, kumbha para likhe 63 aura 36 aMkoM kI mImAMsA (pR. 168-169), 'hI' aura 'bhI' kI vibhedaka rekhA (pR. 172-173), AdhyAtmika dArzanikatA kI kar3I meM "hamArI upAsya devatA ahiMsA hai" (pR. 64), sallekhanA (pR. 87), kAmavRtti kAyaratA hai (pR. 94), kAyA kA svabhAva (pR. 112), nArI darzana (pR. 201-208), sAdhu rUpa (pR. 300-301), samyak tapa (pR. 391), ratnatraya (pR. 9, 13, 121, 235, 85, 483, 381, 462), navadhA bhakti (pR. 313-340), zramaNa kA svarUpa (pR. 8, 354, 265,
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________________ 26 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 448), mano'nuzAsana (pR. 109, 198, 97), rasa vidhAna (pR.130-160), nArI ke prati udAtta bhAvanA (pR. 10, 105) aadi| ___ ina sAre prasaMgoM meM mATI se maMgala ghaTa taka kI yAtrA meM jitane bhI jar3a yA cetana tattva nimitta kAraNa haiM ve sabhI yahA~ pAtra banakara Ae haiN| yahA~ taka ki bAlaTI, machalI, kA~TA, kaMkara, kudAlI, gadhA, cAka, pAnI, daNDa, raMga, bAdala, sAgara, nAva, olA, phUla, pavana, avA, agni, dhuA~, svarNakalaza, mazAla, dIpaka, gaja, sarpa, siMha Adi ko bhI pAtra banAyA hai| inakI pAtratA para hamArA praznacihna khar3A karanA nirarthaka hogA kyoMki ye sabhI upAdAna kI zakti ko udghATita karane yA usake vizleSaNa karane ke lie kisI na kisI rUpa meM sahayogI siddha hote haiM / yahI kAvya kI dArzanikatA hai| abhivyaMjanA zilpa abhivyaMjanA zilpa kavi kI anubhUtiparaka abhivyakti kI kSamatA kA dyotaka hai / yaha kSamatA athavA pratibhA usake kAvya meM prayukta bhASA, bimba, pratIka, alaMkAra, dhvani, chanda Adi yojanA ko dekhakara A~kI jA sakatI hai| viSaya-vastu ko bhI isameM sammilita kiyA jAtA hai| bhAratIya kAvyazAstra meM alaMkAra aura alaMkArya (zabda aura artha) ke bIca meM abheda kI svIkRti isI tattva kA samarthana karatI hai / kroce kA abhivyaMjanAvAda bhI lagabhaga isI vicAra kA anugamana karatA hai / zabda aura artha ke bIca sambandha Adi viSaya ko lekara bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya, donoM kAvyadhArAoM ke marmajJoM ke bIca kAphI mImAMsA huI hai / usa vivAda meM na par3akara yahA~ hama mAtra itanA kahanA cAhate haiM ki kavi kI anubhUti kAvya ke abhivyaMjanA zilpa ko behada prabhAvita karatI hai / yadi vaha kisI vAsanA se pIr3ita hai to usake pratIka, upamAna, chanda Adi usa vAsanA ko nizcita hI abhivyakta kareMge, bhASA UlajalUla hogI aura yadi vaha pavitra AdhyAtmikatA kI anubhUti se sarAbora hai to usake kAvya kA hara zabda usI anubhUti ko ur3elatA huA naz2ara aaegaa| 'mUkamATI' pAramparika chAyAvAda, pragativAda, prayogavAda yA nayI kavitA jaisI kisI aisI vidhA se sambaddha nahIM hai jisameM ghanaghora sAMsArikatA aura atRpta vAsanA kI kAyaratA jar3I huI ho / vaha to aise kavi kI mahAkRti hai jo vItarAgatA ke patha para kAfI dUra taka cala par3A hai aura usake pavitra AcaraNa kI sugandha se AkarSita hokara eka bahuta bar3A samudAya anugAmI bana gayA hai / isalie prastuta mahAkAvya meM na khaNDita vyaktitva dikhAI degA aura na kahIM bodhazUnyatA lakSita hogI / usake sAre pratIka, upamAna, bimba, pratibimba eka nae zilpa ko lekara pavitratA kA vAtAvaraNa khar3A kara dete haiM jisameM pAThaka apane ko sthApita kara apUrva Ananda kA anubhava karatA hai / kavi kI zaktizAlI parama anubhUti usake kAvya ko lIka se haTakara dIpastambha ke rUpa meM prasthApita kara detI hai jisakI tulanA ke lie Adhunika kAvya jagat bilakula zUnya-sA dikhAI detA hai| phira bhI yahA~ hama usake abhivyaMjanA zilpa para vicAra karate samaya kucha tulanAtmaka tathyoM kI ora saMketa karane kA prayatna avazya kreNge| mahAkAvyatva 'mUkamATI' meM pAramparika mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM ko khojanA asAmayika hogaa| hA~, usameM sAmAnya lakSaNa avazya dekhe jA sakate haiN| AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne vibhinna mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA karane ke bAda mahAkAvya ke kevala cAra tattvoM ko adhika mahattva diyA hai- (1) itivRtta, (2) vastu-vyApAra varNana, (3) bhAva vyaMjanA, (4) sNvaad| vistAra kI dRSTi se hama kaha sakate haiM ki mahAkAvya ke tIna Antarika sthAyI tattva haiM - (1) anvita mahAn ghaTanA, (2) mahAn uddezya, tathA (3) prabhAvAnviti yA rasAtmakatA / bAhya lakSaNoM meM kathAtmakatA, sargabaddhatA, jIvana ke
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 27 vividha AyAmoM kA citraNa, zailI kI gambhIratA jaise tattvoM kA Akalana kiyA jA sakatA hai / pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne bhI mahAkAvya kI paribhASA ko tarAzA hai aura Adhunika bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne bhI usa para kAphI cintana kiyA hai| __ mahAkAvya kI ina sArI paribhASAoM ke pariprekSya meM yadi hama 'mUkamATI' kI mahAkAvyAtmakatA ko parakhanA cAheM to hama use eka anupama mahAkAvya kI koTi meM saralatApUrvaka baiThA sakate haiN| vaise yaha rUpaka kAvya/mahAkAvya hai isalie aitihAsika vRttAnta kA to prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| hA~, mATI apane Apa meM eka pavitra nAyikA hai, mAnavIkaraNa yadi kara liyA jaae| usI taraha kumbhakAra ko nAyaka mAnA jA sakatA hai| ve donoM atha se lekara iti taka prabhAvaka pAtra ke rUpa meM bane rahate haiN| eka mATI jaisA padadalita pAtra kisa prakAra svayaM ke puruSArtha yA upAdAna zakti se dUsare kA sahArA yA nimitta pAkara nimnatama avasthA se adhyAtma kI uccatama avasthA taka pahu~ca sakatA hai, isakA sAMgopAMga citraNa prastuta mahAkAvya kA viSaya hai, jo pIche mahAkAvya ke cAroM khaNDoM meM draSTavya hai| mahAkAvya kI paribhASA hama jo bhI banAe~ para itanA nizcita hai ki usakI caritra kalpanA mAnavatAvAdI dRSTi se otaprota ho, abhivyaMjanA zailI gambhIra ho aura zilpa unnata sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi para AdhArita ho / 'mUkamATI' kA uddezya vizuddha prayatnoM para svayaM kI zakti aura dUsare kA yathAvazyaka sahayoga pAkara AdhyAtmika lakSya prApta karanA rahA hai| mATI jisa taraha maMgala ka sthiti meM kumbhakAra ke sahayoga se pahu~ca jAtI hai usI taraha ratnatraya kA paripAlana kara koI bhI vyakti apavarga kI sthiti meM A sakatA hai / yahI isa mahAkAvya kA kathya hai| vastu-vyApAra varNana kI dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' eka saphala mahAkAvya hai / isakI hara kathA kI pRSThabhUmi meM gambhIra darzana chipA hai / udAharaNArtha saritA mA~ padArtha kI zAzvata sattA ko abhivyakta karatI hai| mATI kSamA aura sahiSNutA kA pratIka hai, gadhA bhArazIlatA kA, kaMkara varNa-saMkara kA, bAlaTI athAha jJAnasAgara se kucha bindu nikAlane kA sAdhana rUpa pratIka hai| machalI mithyAdRSTi se grasta vyakti kA, kA~TA Apatti kA, siMha aura zvAna jIvana-paddhati kA, kachuA aura kharagoza sAdhanA vidhi kA aura macchara-matkuNa dhanI-mAnI ke pratIka haiN| ina pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se hI kathA sUtra jur3a sake haiM aura jIvana ke nae tathya ujAgara hue haiN| saMvAda kI dRSTi se bhI mahAkAvya utkRSTa koTi kA hai| samUcA mahAkAvya saMvAdoM se bharA par3A hai| saritA aura miTTI, kA~TA aura phUla, rasoM kA pArasparika kathana, miTTI aura zilpI, prabhAkara aura badalI, puSpa aura pavana, zilpI aura babUla, kumbha aura kumbhakAra, zrIphala aura patra, svarNa aura mATI kalaza Adi sabhI pAtroM ke bIca saMvAda aura kathopakathana AdyopAnta calate rahate haiN| ye sAre saMvAda bar3e mArmika aura prabhAvaka haiM / kathAsUtra kA dhyAna rakhane para unameM aprAsaMgikatA nahIM jhalakatI / itanA hI nahIM, ve kathA-pravAha meM sahayogI banakara bhI sAmane Ate haiN| zabda-saundarya AcAryazrI zabda-sAdhanA ke to ananya kalAkAra haiN| sArA kAvya anuprAsa, yamaka, upamA, utprekSA aura rUpaka alaMkAroM se bharA par3A hai / yadi inako ginAyA jAe to eka lambI lisTa ho jaaegii| zabdoM kI tor3a-phor3akara unase vividhArtha nikAlane meM unheM adhika Ananda AtA hai / jaise- avasAna-aba zAna (pR. 1), gumarAha-gama Aha (pR. 12), kumbhakAra (pR. 28), yAda-dayA (pR. 38), gadahA-gada-hA (pR. 40-41), rAhI-hIrA (pR. 57), rAkha-kharA (pR.57), AdamI-A+damI (pR. 64), kRpANa-kRpA+na (pR. 73), kAmanA-kAma+nA (pR. 77), zavaziva (pR. 84), zItalatA-zIta-latA (pR. 85), lAbha-bhalA (pR. 87), kama bala-kambala (pR. 92), zItazIlA-zIta-jhIlA (pR. 93), kAya+ratA-kAyaratA (pR. 94), namana-na+mana, nama-na, (pR. 97), rAjasattArAjasatA (pR. 104), mAnavattA-mAnavatA (pR. 114), pA~va natA-pAvanatA (pR. 114), dhokhA diyA-dho, khA diyA
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________________ 28 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA (pR. 122), kisalaya-kisa-laya (pR. 141), kasara-asara-sara (pR. 151), mara hama-marahama (pR. 174), maiM do galA-maiM dogalA (pR. 175), uru udara- guru-darAradAra (pR. 177), nadI-dIna (pR. 178), rasanA-rasa nA-nAsara (pR. 180-181), jaladhi-jar3adhI (pR. 199), nArI-na ari, na ArI (pR. 202), abalA-aba+lA (pR. 203), kumArI-ku+mA+rI (pR. 204), strI- s+trI (pR. 205), sutA-su+tA (pR. 205), duhitA-do+hitA (pR. 205), aMganA-aMga+nA (pR. 207), svapna-sva+p+na (pR. 295),para ko-parakho (pR. 303), nara tana-vara tana (pR. 332), pAyasa nA-pAya sanA (pR. 364), za,sa,Sa (pR. 397), vaikharI-vai-kharI, vai-khalI-vairI (pR.402404), uraga-ura-ga(pR.433), aparAdhI-aparA-dhI (pR. 474-477), parAbhava-parA-bhava (pR. 371-372), kalazI-kala +sI (pR.417), madada-mada+da (pR. 459) Adi / ina sAre zabdoM kI vyAkhyA meM darzana aura adhyAtma kA svara mukharita huA hai / udAharaNa ke taura para 'uraga' kI vyAkhyA dekhie (pR. 433) / yaha zabdagata vyAkhyA zabdAlaMkAra kI pRSThabhUmi meM darzana ke vividha aMgoM ko spaSTa karatI dikhAI detI hai / ise hama sabhaMga-padazleSa aura sabhaMgapadazleSa vakrokti ke AdhAra para samajha sakate haiM jahA~ kavi ne zliSTa zabdoM ke aneka Tukar3e kara aneka arthoM kA vidhAna kiyA hai jise hama uparyukta avasAna, gadahA, AdamI Adi zabdoM meM dekha sakate haiN| isI taraha vahA~ varNa viparyaya athavA viloma ke mAdhyama se zabdoM ke pIche chipA darzana bhI samajhA jA sakatA hai / sva dayA-yAda (pR. 38), rAhI-hIrA (pR. 57) aadi| prAkRtika citraNa kavi zabdoM kA kuzala khilAr3I to hai hI para usakI kalpanA-zakti bhI bejor3a hai / rUpaka, upamA, utpekSA jaise kalpanApradhAna alaMkAra aura anuprAsa, yamaka jaise zabdAlaMkAroM kI chaTA ne kAvya meM kavitva kI sundara sthApanA kI hai| ye alaMkAra mAtra zabda-sAdhanA taka hI sImita nahIM haiM, balki unake pIche eka svastha darzana prasphuTita hotA dikhAI detA hai| kAvya kA prArambhika bhAga dekhie jisameM prAta:kAla kA varNana anupama kalpanA prasUta hai : "bhAnu kI nidrA TUTa to gaI hai/parantu abhI vaha/leTA hai mA~ kI mArdava-goda meM,/mukha para aMcala le kara/karavaTeM le rahA hai| prAcI ke adharoM para/manda madhurima muskAna hai/sara para pallA nahIM hai aura/siMdUrI dhUla ur3atI-sI/raMgIna-rAga kI AbhA -/ bhAI hai, bhAI ! lajjA ke bUMghaTa meM/DUbatI-sI kumudinI/prabhAkara ke kara-chuvana se bacanA cAhatI hai vaha;/apanI parAga ko-/sarAga-mudrA ko pA~khuriyoM kI oTa detI hai|" (pR.1-2) mATI aura kaMkara kA lambA saMvAda hai jisameM jIvana kA darzana pratiphalita huA hai aura rAha, rAhI, hIrA, rAkha, kharA Adi zabdoM kI mImAMsA bhI kalpanAmaNDita para sArthakatA lie hue hai : "tana aura mana ko/tapa kI Aga meM/tapA-tapA kara/jalA-jalA kara rAkha karanA hogA/yatanA ghora karanA hogA/tabhI kahIM cetana - AtmA kharA utregaa|/khraa zabda bhI svayaM/viloma rUpa se kaha rahA hairAkha bane binA/kharA-darzana kahA~?/rA"kha"kha"rA" AzISa ke hAtha uThAtI-sI/mATI kI mudrA/udAra smudraa|" (pR. 57)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 29 isI prakAra eka aura prAkRtika varNana dekhie jahA~ kavi kI manohArI kalpanA sArthaka zabdoM meM jhalakI hai| use taruvara chattA tAne dikhAI dete haiM aura harI-bharI dharatI para darI bichAI lagatI hai, phala-phUla muskAte aura latikAe~ nimantrita karatI-sI lagatI haiN| mAnavIkaraNa kA yaha acchA udAharaNa hai : "uttuMga-tama gagana cUmate/taraha-taraha ke taruvara/chattA tAne khar3e haiM, zrama-hAriNI dharatI hai/harI-bharI lasatI hai/dharatI para chAyA ne darI bichAI hai| phUloM-phaloM patroM se lade/laghu-guru gulma-guccha/zrAnta-zthala pathikoM ko muskAna-dAna karate-se |/aapaad-knntth pAdapoM se lipaTI / lalita-latikAyeM vaha/lagatI haiM AgatoM ko bulAtI-lubhAtI-sI, aura/avirala calate pathikoM ko/vizrAma lene ko kaha rahI haiN|" (pR. 423) rasika kaviyoM ne vasantAdi RtuoM kA varNana kAmoddIpana kI pRSThabhUmi meM kiyA hai parantu AcAryazrI ne apanI AdhyAtmikatA kA AropaNa prakRti ke hara tattvoM ke sAtha pUre manobhAva se kiyA hai / mahAkAvya kA koI bhI konA kavi kI AdhyAtmika dRSTi se khAlI nahIM raha pAyA / usa dRSTi meM phira bhoga yahIM par3e rahate haiM, aura yogI Age calA jAtA hai| vAsanA kI gandha na usake tana meM hai, na vasana meM; varan mAyA se prabhAvita mana meM hai / isalie kavi dekhatA hai : "vasanta kA bhautika tana par3A hai/nirA ho niSkriya, nirAvaraNa, gandha-zUnya zuSka puSpa-sA |/mukh usakA thor3A-sA khulA hai, mukha se bAhara nikalI hai rasanA/thor3I-sI ulaTI-palaTI, kucha kaha rahI-sI lagatI hai-/bhautika jIvana meM rasa nA! aura/ rasa"nA, nA "sa"ra/yAnI vasanta ke pAsa sara nahIM thA buddhi nahIM thI hitAhita parakhane kI,/yahI kAraNa hai ki vasanta-sama jIvana para/santoM kA nA'sara par3atA hai|" (pR. 180-181) sAdhu rUpa kA vizleSaNa karate samaya kavi ko na jAne kitanI upamAe~ dhyAna meM AtI giiN| una sabhI upamAoM se usane sAdhu ke vizuddha svarUpa ko prastuta kara diyA hai| prabhAtakAlIna bhAnu (jJAna) kI AbhA se usameM nayI umaMga, nayI taraMga, nayI USA, nayI zaraNa, nayI khuzI, nayI garIyasI AyI hai| kyA-kyA nayA rUpa milA hai dekhie use / usameM Apako nayA siMcana, nae caraNa, nayA rAga, nae bhAva, nayA maMgala, nayA jaMgala, nayA yoga, nayA karaNa Adi saba kucha nayA parivartana lie hue sAdhu dikhAI degA (pR. 263-264) / aisA hI sAdhu pApa-prapaMca se mukta, padayAtrI, pANipAtrI hotA hai / apane prati vajra-sama kaThora para dUsare ke prati navanIta jaisA mRdu hotA hai, yathA : "pApa-prapaMca se mukta, pUrI taraha/pavana-sama ni:saMga/paratantra-bhIru, darpaNa-sama darpa se parIta/harA-bharA phUlA-phalA/pAdapa-sama vinIta / nadI-pravAha-sama lakSya kI ora/aruka, athaka gatimAna / " (pR. 300) bhAva, bhASA aura zailI kI dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' eka abhinava vidhA hai| rUpaka se bhare sAre pAtra apanI-apanI bAta bar3I khUbI se kahate cale jAte haiM aura kathA Age bar3hatI jAtI hai| kavi mAnavatA kI svatantratA kA poSaka hai, vaha svatantratA jisameM AtmajJAna kA dIpaka jalatA hai aura para-padArthoM kI paratantratA samApta ho jAtI hai, mAnava-hRdaya
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________________ 30 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA susaMskRta aura pariSkRta ho jAtA hai| jahA~ yaha parivartana nahIM ho pAtA vahA~ vyaktivAda, pratispardhA, arthasaMgraha, upanivezavAda, kalaha, AtaMkavAda Adi vastuvAdI mUlya mAnavIya mUlyoM ko AcchAdita kara dete haiN| ina sAre tattvoM kA sundara vizleSaNa AcAryazrI ne apane isa anokhe dArzanika kAvya meM kiyA hai| AtaMkavAda aura dhanatantra __AtaMkavAda aura dhanatantra jaba sira para bolane lagate haiM taba gaNatantra kA upahAsa honA zurU ho jAtA hai / vahA~ niraparAdhI piTa jAte haiM aura aparAdhI baca jAte haiM (pR. 271) / AtaMkavAda hiMsA, adharma aura lUTapATa para jItA hai| vaha niSkaruNa aura krUra hotA hai| jaba taka vaha rahegA, dharatI zAntipUrvaka raha nahIM sktii| kavi kI dRSTi meM yaha AtaMka bhale hI rAga-dveSa kA rahA ho para bhautikatA ke sAye meM vaha Aja ke AtaMkavAda se kama nahIM hai / isalie santa kavi use dUra kara saMsAra rUpI nadI ko pAra karane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kie baiThe haiN| santa kavi AtaMkavAda ko samApta karane kA mArga batAtA hai samAjavAda kI sthApanA / samAjavAda vaha nahIM hai jisameM nAroM ke alAvA kucha na ho balki samAjavAda vaha hai jisameM prazasta AcAra-vicAra ho| dhana-saMgraha nahIM.jana-saMgraha ho aura dhanahInoM meM usakA samacita vitaraNa ho. anyathA unameM corI karane kA bhAva jAgegA aura AtaMkavAda kA vistAra hogA / coroM kI apekSA coroM ko paidA karane vAle adhika pApI hote haiN| Aja ke AtaMkavAda para yaha eka mArmika TippaNI hai : 0 "kula milAkara artha yaha huA ki/pracAra-prasAra se dUra prazasta AcAra-vicAra vAloM kA/jIvana hI samAjavAda hai| samAjavAda samAjavAda cillAne mAtra se/samAjavAdI nahIM bnoge|" (pR. 461) 0 "aba dhana-saMgraha nahIM,/jana-saMgraha karo!/aura/lobha ke vazIbhUta ho aMdhAdhundha saMkalita kA/samucita vitaraNa karo/anyathA, dhanahInoM meM/corI ke bhAva jAgate haiM, jAge haiN|" (pR. 467-468) Aja AtaMkavAda kI jaisI sthiti hai vaisI hI Ajakala una tathAkathita bhagavAnoM kI hai jo svayaM to patha para calanA nahIM cAhate para auroM ko calAnA cAhate haiN| aise cAlAka cAlakoM kI saMkhyA anaginata hai / santa kavi ko unakI isa AcaraNa-prakriyA para Azcarya aura duHkha hai (pR.152)| dhanika bhI lagabhaga usI zreNI meM A jAte haiN| unake pAsa rahane se kucha milatA nahIM hai, mila bhI jAtA hai to vaha kAkatAlIya nyAya hai : "are, dhanikoM kA dharma damadAra hotA hai,/unakI kRpA kRpaNatA para hotI hai, unake milana se kucha milatA nahIM,/kAkatAlIya nyAya se/kucha mila bhI jAya vaha milana lavaNa-mizrita hotA hai/pala meM pyAsa dugunI ho uThatI hai|" (pR.385) mamatAmayI mA~ santa kavi bar3e sahRdaya aura neka prakRti ke haiN| unheM mA~ ke prati apAra mamatA aura sammAna hai| dharatI unake lie saba kucha hai / kAvya kA prArambhika bhAga dharatI mA~ se hI prArambha hotA hai / kavi ko usa dharatI mA~ meM hRdayavatI cetanA kA darzana ho rahA hai / usake nizchala vizAla bhAla para AtmIyatA aura gambhIratA dikhAI de rahI hai (pR. 6) / tabhI to vaha santAna kI suSupta zakti ko jAgrata karane para hI apanI sArthakatA mAnatI hai (pR. 148) / zAyada isalie samUce nArI varga
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 31 se unheM hamadardI hai, Adara hai / isIlie paramparAgata nArI ke paryAyArthaka zabdoM kA AlocanAtmaka artha na kara. unakI prazaMsAtmaka vyAkhyA kI hai (pR. 201-209) / kavi kI yaha bhI avadhAraNA hai ki puruSa meM jo bhI kriyAe~-pratikriyAe~ hotI haiM unakA abhivyaktIkaraNa nArI para hI AdhArita hai| nArI ke binA puruSa adhUrA hai / usameM vAsanA nahIM, suvAsa hai| puruSa usakI pavitratA ko dUSita karatA hai, phira bhI vaha pAvasa barasAtI hai, usakA patha prazasta karatI hai (pR. 392394) / rUpaka tattva aura pratIka-vidhAna mATI jaisI upekSita jar3a vastu kA AdhAra lekara kavi ne rUpaka ke mAdhyama se yaha udghATita karane kA yathAzakya prayatna kiyA hai ki saMsAra ke pratyeka padArtha meM Upara uThane kI kSamatA hai| usameM upAdAna zakti hai, basa, use kisI nimitta kI AvazyakatA hai jo use Upara uThAne meM kAraNa bana sake / hA~, pUrI isa jIvana prakriyA meM, sAdhya aura sAdhana meM, yathArtha pavitratA honI cAhie / pavitra lakSya kI prApti meM bAdhAe~ A sakatI haiM para unake samakSa kisI ko ghuTane nahIM TekanA cAhie / kavi ko Azcarya hai ki Aja ke mAnava para isakA asara kyoM nahIM ho rahA hai| vyakti cAritra se dUra kyoM hotA calA jA rahA hai ? (pR. 151-152) / mATI se kumbha aura maMgala kalaza taka kI yAtrA 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA varNya viSaya hai / upAdAna aura nimitta ke darzana ko spaSTa karanA hI isa kAvya kA lakSya rahA hai| isase Izvara ko sRSTikartA, sukha-duHkhadAtA Adi mAnane vAlI vicAradhArA kA khaNDana svayameva ho jAtA hai| isI ke sAtha hI sAmAjika, rAjanItika, dhArmika aura zaikSaNika jagat meM vyApta kurItiyoM ko nirmUla karanA hI isakA abhidheya rahA hai / kavi ne svayaM sazakta zabdoM meM yahI saba yathAkAra aura tathAkAra bana jAne kI AkAMkSA meM abhivyakta kiyA hai : "maiM yathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/vyathAkAra nhiiN| aura/maiM tathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/kathAkAra nhiiN| isa lekhanI kI bhI yahI bhAvanA hai-/kRti rahe, saMskRti rahe AgAmI asIma kAla taka/jAgRta "jIvita "ajita !" (pR. 245) kAvya kI bhASA saMskRtaniSTha aura viSayAnusAra prayukta huI hai| kavi kI mAtRbhASA hindI nahIM, kannar3a hone para bhI usakA itanI manamohaka bhASA meM kAvya kA sRjana eka viziSTa abhinandanIya prayAsa hai| nirmukta chanda meM racita hone para bhI usakI rasAtmakatA meM kamI nahIM aaii| kavi kI dhAraNA hai ki zAnta rasa ke binA kAvya vaise hI lagatA hai jaise zItala candrikA se virahita rAta hotI hai yA bindI se virahita abalA hotI hai (pR. 351) / samIkSAtmaka dRSTi se dekhA jAe to prastuta mahAkAvya kA pradhAna rasa zAnta hI hai / AdhyAtmikatA aura dArzanikatA isakI mUla AtmA/bhAvanA hai| isIlie kavi ne svayaM ise maulika aura alaukika kAvya kahakara sambodhita kiyA hai : "mRdutA kA mohaka sparzana/yaha eka aisA/maulika aura alaukika amUrta-darzaka kAvya kA/zrAvya kA sRjana huA,/isakA sRjaka kauna hai vaha, kahA~ hai,/kyoM mauna hai vaha ?/lAghava bhAva vAlA narapuMgava, narapoM kA caraNa huA!" (pR. 436) DaoN. puSpalatA jaina ('mUkamATI' : adhunAtama AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAvya, tIrthaMkara, disambara, 1990) kA yaha kathana akSarazaH satya pratIta hotA hai : "maulikatA ke Aloka meM ki hindI sAhitya meM chAyAvAdI kavi prasAda kI 'kAmAyanI' (1935 I.), yugacAraNa dinakara kI 'urvazI' (1961 I.) tathA lokamaMgala ke vaMzIvAdaka sumitrAnandana
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________________ 32 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA panta kA 'lokAyatana' (1964 I.)-ye tInoM kAvya adhyAtma-prabandhatrayI ke rUpa meM prasthApita hue haiM / cetanA ke svapara unnAyaka AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne isake bAda apanI anUThI AdhyAtmika kRti 'mUkamATI' (1988 I.)kI racanA kara ukta prasthAnatrayI kI maNimAlA meM eka aura aparimita jyotirmayI maNi ko gumphita kara diyA hai / isa sundara Akalana ko hindI sAhitya apanI dharohara ke rUpa meM sadaiva eka dIpastambha mAnatA rhegaa|" zrImatI jaina ne ise rUpaka kAvya kahA hai / maiM isameM dArzanika vizeSaNa aura jor3a denA cAhU~gA / amUrta bhAvoM aura saMvedanAoM ko abhivyakta karane meM jaba bhASA virAma lene lagatI hai taba kavi rUpaka aura pratIka kA Azraya letA hai| sAdhAraNata: rUpaka aura pratIka meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM dikhAI detA / para bArIkI se dekhane para yaha antara spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki rUpaka meM upamAna-upameya kI abhinnatA tathA tadrUpatA rahatI hai para pratIka meM upamAna-upameya (prastutaaprastuta) kI sattA nahIM rahatI / vahA~ to upamAna meM upameya antarbhUta hokara upamAna hI pratIka kI sthiti ko spaSTa karatA hai / isake bAvajUda itanI gaharAI meM jAe binA itanA to kahA hI jA sakatA hai ki mATI eka pratIka banakara kavi kI dRSTi meM sadaiva banI rahI hai jo isa tathya ko udghATita karatI hai ki yadi anukUla nimitta mila jAe~ to vyakti apane carama AdhyAtmika lakSya ko prApta kara sakatA hai| AcAryazrI ne mRdu mATI ke kathA-rUpaka dvArA pratIkIkaraNa kara jisa zAzvata satya ko abhivyaMjita kiyA hai vaha anubhUtiparaka hai aura eka viziSTa sAMskRtika cetanA se ApUra hai / usameM unhoMne mAnavIkaraNa kA AropaNa kara tAdAtmya sthApita kara diyA hai aura jar3a tathA cetana ko adhyAtma tattva ke sUtra meM bA~dha diyA hai / anubhUti kI prAMjalatA ne kAvya ko itanA sAkAra kara diyA hai ki sAdhAraNIkaraNa kI punIta saritA meM avagAhana kie binA koI sahRdaya pAThaka raha nahIM sktaa| bhAvAtmaka aura sAdhanAtmaka tattvoM ke sundara samanvaya ne kAvya ko aura bhI gauravAnvita kara diyA hai| lokottara anubhUti bhI usameM pratibimbita hotI huI dikhAI detI hai| jaba pratIka kI bAta AtI hai taba yaha bhI dhyAtavya hai ki 'mUkamATI' ke pratIka ekadama nirAle haiN| jAyasI ke adhikAMza pratIka-sUra, sAkI, surA Adi zuddha islAmI haiM ; mIrA aura sUra ke pratIka prema bhakti se sambaddha haiM- cakaI, mIna, pataMga Adi prema kI vyaMjanA karate haiM; bihArI, matirAma, kezava, senApati Adi rItikAlIna kaviyoM ne campaka, mAlatI,candana, azoka, kamala Adi vRkSoM aura paudhoM meM kalAtmakatA kA hI rUpa dekhA hai; prasAda, panta jaise Adhunika kaviyoM ke pratIkoM ne racanAtmakatA ko aura Age bar3hAyA hai para AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI ke machalI, bAlaTI, rassI Adi pratIkoM meM jo painI aura gambhIra dRSTi bharI hai jIvana-darzana ke sUtroM ke sAtha, vaha anyatra dikhAI nahIM detii| aupaniSadika pratIkoM meM bimbagrahaNa kI pravRtti avazya dekhI jAtI hai para jisa vistRta bhAvabhUmi kA sparza 'mUkamATI' ke pratIkoM meM hotA hai vaha vahA~ bhI anupalabdha hai| ye pratIka vyakti ke AtmanirmANa kI bhAvanA ko Upara uThAne meM madada karate haiN| cidAnandAnubhUti kI pRSThabhUmi meM kalpanAoM meM bhI sva-para cetanA kA jAgaraNa sUtra bharA huA hai yahA~ / satyaM-zivaM-sundaram kI pRSThabhUmi meM isa kAvya ke jJAnavAda ne pragativAda kI bhAvabhUmi ko eka nayA hI AdhyAtmika darzana diyA hai jo jIvana-nirmANa kI dizA meM adhika mUlyaparaka bana jAtA hai| dArzanika vicAraNA ke unmeSa ko saMskRtaniSTha bhASAzailI ne aura bhI AkarSita banA diyA hai| ___ kAvya meM sarasatA aura sArvajanInatA lAne ke lie pratIkoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / isameM samAna guNa-dharma vAlI aneka vastuoM ke bodha ke lie eka vastu ko prastuta kiyA jAtA hai / 'amUrta' ke mUrta varNana meM bhI isakA prayoga hotA hai / vaha eka bhAvanA pradhAna tattva hai / hara deza, sAhitya aura saMskRti meM vibhinna pratIkoM kA prayoga vividha bhAvoM ko abhivyaMjita karane kI dRSTi se hotA A rahA hai / svastika aura oMkAra zubha aura kalyANa ke pratIka haiM jinakA prayoga
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 33 bhAratIya saMskRti ke prArambhika kAla meM bhI milatA hai| ye pratIka sRSTi ke hara varga se dharma, vastu athavA vyakti ke svabhAva ko spaSTa karane ke lie liye gae haiN| chAyAvAdI kaviyoM ne adhikAMza pratIka prakRti se grahaNa kie haiN| udAharaNataH, puSpa sukha kA aura zUla duHkha kA pratIka hai to tama nirAzA aura prakAza jJAna ko spaSTa karate haiN| isI taraha nirjhara, vINA, kiraNa, indradhanuSa, cA~danI, bAdala Adi kramaza: Ananda, hRdaya, AzA, kAmanA, sukha, viSAda Adi ke pratIka haiN| vastuta: 'mUkamATI' eka pratIka kAvya hai jahA~ mATI ke mAdhyama se vyakti kI upAdAna zakti ko abhivyaMjita kiyA gayA hai / mATI hI kumbhakAra Adi ke sahayoga se maMgala kalaza taka kI sarvocca avasthA meM pahu~catI hai / pUrvokta saritA, mA~, kaMkara Adi sabhI pAtra kisI na kisI bhAva ke pratIka haiN| kAvya kA prArambha huA hai saritA taTa kI mATI rUpa mA~ ke prati mATI kI abhyarthanA se / mA~ kA mahattva samUcI strI jAti kA mahattva hai, prakRti zivatva aura saundarya kA pratIka hai, kUpa aura sAgara saMsAra ke pratIka haiM, cakra janma-maraNa ko vyakta karate haiM, dharma dazalakSaNamaya haiM, avA parIkSA kA pratIka hai, puSpa yaha vyaMjita karatA hai ki jisa prakAra vaha kIcar3a se utpanna hone para bhI jala se Upara rahatA hai usI prakAra Adarza jIvana vahI hai jisameM ni:spRhatA ho / svapna kI bhI yahA~ apane DhaMga se vyAkhyA huI hai| sUrya va candra, jJAna aura AzA ke pratIka haiM, vRkSa jIvana kA pratIka hai / arahanta bhagavAn sampUrNa manorathoM se aura kevalajJAna se pUrNa haiM ataH pUrNakalaza maMgala kA pratIka hai / varuNa, vAyu aura sUrya ko bhI sammilita rUpa meM maMgala kalaza meM prasthApita mAnA jAtA hai| AtaMkavAda jaise tattva upasarga ke pratIka haiN| ina saba pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se 'mUkamATI' meM jIvana ke samagra svarUpa ko abhivyaMjita kiyA gayA hai| ___kavi ne vastuta: bimboM pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se pAThaka kI jJAna-pipAsA ko aura bhI kureda diyA hai, samarasatA ko janma diyA hai aura jIvana ke parama satya ko sAmane kholakara rakha diyA hai| una pratIkoM meM vAstavikatA jhA~katI hai, zabda nae-nae mAyane pA letA hai, itihAsabodha gatizIla ho jAtA hai aura sRjanazIla vyaktitva kI nirmANa-prakriyA prArambha ho jAtI hai / 'mUkamATI' ke adhyayana se kabhI-kabhI to aisA lagatA hai ki jaise AcAryazrI sAMketikatA aura pratIkAtmakatA ke mAdhyama se vyakti ko AtmAlocana kI ora prerita kara rahe hoM / AtaMkavAda kahIM jIvana ke svacchanda vilAsa aura vaibhava kI kahAnI to nahIM kaha rahA hai ? samAjavAda kI paribhASA meM jIvana ke asamAnatA aura samatAvihIna pRSTha to aMkita nahIM haiM ? tathya to yaha hai ki Adhunika jIvana kI viSamatAoM se bhare samAja ko AdhyAtmikatA, lokasevA aura vizvabandhutva kI ora unmukha karanA ina pratIkoM ke prayoga ke pIche kavi kA lakSya rahA hai| nirAlA se bhI Age bar3hakara kavi ne zabda-vinyAsa ko eka naI arthavattA dI hai jisase usakI citrAtmakatA pradAna karane vAlI pratibhA kA patA calatA hai / ajJeya kI sacetana zabda-zilpitA se bhI kavi kI zabda-zilpitA adhika jAnadAra hai| 'tArasaptaka' ke kaviyoM meM darzana zabda ke pIche calatA hai jabaki 'mUkamATI' ke kavi meM darzana zabda ke Age apane ko prasthApita karatA hai| samUcI kRti meM kahIM bhI nirAzAvAditA hAvI nahIM ho skii| kavi kI AsthA aura AzA jIvana ke badale hue sundara par3Ava kI ora dRSTi jamAe hue hai jahA~ vidrohI saMkalpanAe~ antima sA~sa lene lagatI haiM, kuNThAe~ astitvahIna bana jAtI haiM aura AdhyAtmikatA sajaga ho jAtI hai| kavi cU~ki samaSTi-satya kA draSTA hai, vaha vyakti ko trAsadI se nikAlakara naI sambhAvanA ke kSitija para khar3A kara detA hai / vyakti kI prakRti para use gaharI AtmIyatA hai, dvandva bharI cetanA ko parakhane kI dRSTi hai, jIvana mUlyoM ko USmA pradAna karane kI kSamatA hai, AdhyAtmika zikhara para pratiSThita hone/karane kI yogyatA/pAtratA hai| isalie usakA kAvya naitika jAgaraNa kA kAvya hai, pratikriyAvAdI tattvoM kI varjanA karane vAlA kAvya hai, AtmacetanA ko jAgrata karane vAlA kAvya hai tathA jIvana ke prati aTUTa-AsthAdarzana bharA kAvya hai| kavi ke 'sAhitya' meM sampUrNa jIvana kI cetanA aura jJAna kI abhivyakti hotI hai| 'mUkamATI' apane sAre
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________________ 34 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kriyAkalApoM meM usa cetanA ko sameTe hue hai / vahA~ saMvedanAtmakatA pratibimbita hotI hai, saundaryAnubhUti kA saMsparzana hotA hai aura sAmane khar3I ho jAtI haiM jIvana kI ve vAstavikatAe~, jo samanvita aura saMzodhita mArjana kI apekSA karatI haiN| vahA~ AtmasaMgharSa kA vivecana va vizleSaNa hai, kalAtmaka saundarya kA paripAka hai, gaharI sAmAjika dRSTi kI arthavattA se saMyojana hai / isalie kAvya-sRjana meM aura usake pratIkoM va bimboM meM maulikatA, prAmANikatA aura gahana saMvedanA bharI huI hai / ise hama eka samyagdRSTi sampanna zramaNa kI jaTila jIvanta prakriyA kA jIvana dastAvez2a bhI kaha sakate haiM, jahA~ jIvana, jagat aura kAvya kI samanvita triveNI pravAhita ho rahI hai aura sAdhAraNIkaraNa kA jItA-jAgatA rasa chalaka rahA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM AcAryazrI ne jaina darzana ko sRjanAtmaka svara dene kA saphala prayatna kiyA hai| unakI sRjanaprakriyA bAhya yathArtha kI AbhyantarIkaraNa kI prakriyA hai jo svAnubhava aura svAnubhUtijanya cintana para AdhArita hai| kavi ne yuga-jIvana ke vaiSamya ko dekhA-samajhA-parakhA hai, naitika saMkaTa kI use z2abardasta anubhUti huI hai| isalie usakI sRjanazIla pratibhA se 'mUkamATI' jaisA pratIkAtmaka, rUpaka, dArzanika mahAkAvya kA sRjana ho sakA hai| bimba-vidhAna kAvya-bimba eka prakAra se zabda-citra haiM jo bhAvukatA, bauddhikatA athavA aindriyatA se sambaddha hote haiN| unase anubhUti meM tIvratA AtI hai aura kAvya prabhAvazAlI bana jAtA hai / 'mUkamATI' ke prArambha meM hI prakRti citraNa meM acetana para cetana kriyAoM kA AropaNa kara bimboM kA nirmANa bar3e prabhAvaka DhaMga se huA hai| prAkRtika padArtha hI bimba-vidhAna kI sAmagrI kA mukhya srota hai jisakA upayoga kavi ne bakhUbI kiyA hai / bhAnu, dhUla, AbhA, uSA, kumudinI, saritA, dharatI, bhUmaNDala, olA vRSTi, parvata Adi dvArA prAkRtika saundarya ko acchA vistAra milA hai / mUrta prastuta ke lie amUrta aprastuta, amUrta prastuta ke lie mUrta prastuta, amUrta prastuta ke lie amUrta aprastuta tathA mUrtAmUrta rUpa aprastutoM kA vidhAna hone se bimbAtmakatA aura adhika prabhAvaka bana jAtI hai| saMjJA aura kriyA meM vizeSaNa lagAkara aura vizeSaNaviparyaya paddhati ko AdhAra lekara bhI bimba-vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| pratIka-vidhAna bimba-vidhAna ke kAphI nikaTa dikhAI detA hai, para sUkSmatA se vicAra karane para unake bIca bheda spaSTa ho jAtA hai / pratIka meM upamA mUlaka alaMkAroM (upamA, rUpaka, anyokti Adi) se samAnatA hai avazya para antara yaha hai ki prastuta yA varNya vastu kA mahattva upamA mUlaka alaMkAroM meM akSuNNa rahatA hai jabaki pratIka meM aprastuta yA pratIyamAna artha hI mukhya ho jAtA hai / bimba abhidhAtmaka ho sakate haiM para pratIka nhiiN| pratIka meM bimba kI apekSA abhivyaMjanA zakti adhika sazakta hotI hai / 'mUkamATI' ke pratIka bhI gaharI abhivyaMjanA vyakta karate haiM / mATI, kumbhakAra, bAlaTI, machalI Adi sabhI pAtra pratIka ke rUpa meM koI na koI vizeSa sandeza dete haiN| chAyAvAdI, pragativAdI Adi kaviyoM dvArA prayukta pratIkoM kI tulanA ke lie 'mUkamATI' meM koI vizeSa pratIka nahIM haiM, kyoMki unakA kathya bilakula bhinna hai / kabIra ko bhI mATI se adhika sneha rahA hai| unhoMne mATI aura kumhAra ke bIca eka saMvAda sthApita kiyA hai jo 'mUkamATI' kI pRSThabhUmi meM smaraNIya hai : "mATI kahe kumhAra se, tU kyoM rUMdhe moya / ika dina aisA AyegA, maiM saiMdhUMgI toya // " alaMkAra-vidhAna alaMkAroM kA sahaja prayoga kAvya ke kathya aura sampreSya ko sarala banA detA hai / anuprAsa, yamaka, vakrokti Adi
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 35 zabdAlaMkAra camatkAra mUlaka hote haiN| inameM anuprAsa bhASA ko madhura aura saMgItamaya banA detA hai aura yamaka zabdacitra ko prastuta karatA hai / 'mUkamATI' meM ye donoM alaMkAra bhare par3e haiN| prasAda, panta, nirAlA se bhI adhika inakA prayoga 'mUkamATI' ke kavi ne kiyA hai / jahA~ taka arthAlaMkAroM ke prayoga kI bAta hai, usameM aprastuta yojanA adhika lokapriya rahI hai / yaha aupamyamUlakatA prArambha meM to paramparAgata upamAnoM ke sAtha calatI rahI para dvivedI yuga ke bAda nae-nae upamAnoM ne janma liyA aura sAThottarI kavitA taka Ate-Ate to unameM bAr3ha-sI laga gaI / 'mUkamATI' meM bhI yadyapi paramparAgata yA zAstrabaddha upamAnoM kA prayoga nahIM huA hai para jo upamAna Ae haiM unameM vItarAgatA hI naz2ara AtI hai| udAharaNata: rItikAlIna kavi kA bAdala kAjala ke pahAr3a' yA hAthiyoM jaise dikhAI dete haiM to chAyAvAdI kavi ko ve jalAzaya meM khile hue kamala, caukar3I bharate mRga, madonmatta vAsava senA, svarNa haMsa, bandara Adi jaise lagate haiN| 'mUkamATI' ke kavi ko usameM ye saba nahIM dikhAI detA / use to badalI basa sAdhvI-sI lagatI hai aura prabhAkara kI prabhA usase prabhAvita hotI dikhatI hai to prabhAkara kA pravacana prArambha ho jAtA hai (pR. 199-200) / mAnavIkaraNa ke aise prayoga 'mUkamATI' meM bahuta prabhAvaka siddha hue haiN| anya arthAlaMkAroM ke prayoga bhI sArthakatA lie hue haiN| zAnta rasa ne unheM aura bhI sArthaka banA diyA hai| ___ alaMkAra-vidhAna kI pRSThabhUmi meM kalpanA kI gambhIratA aura abhivyakti kI prAMjalatA ne kAvya ko aura bhI ramaNIya aura rasAtmaka banA diyA hai| kAvya kA prArambha hI upamA aura utprekSA se hotA hai| tRtIya khaNDa taka pahu~catepahu~cate unameM aura saghanatA A jAtI hai (pR. 191-192) / kavi kI kalpanA hai ki sAgara kA saMketa pAkara tIna badaliyA~ gAgara bharakara sarya ko prabhAvita karane nikala par3I haiM (pa. 199-200) / rAha se grasta sarya kavi ko kabhI sindha meM bindu-sA lagatA hai to kabhI mA~ kI gahana goda meM zizu-sA, kabhI vaha durdina se ghirA daridra gRhastha-sA lagatA hai to kabhI tilaka virahita lalanA-lalATa-sA / isa sandarbha meM kavi ne aneka kalpanAe~ kI haiM (pR. 238-239) / isa prakAra kavi kI Dhera sArI kalpanAe~ 'mUkamATI' meM dekhI jA sakatI haiN| sAgara meM viSa kA vizAla bhaNDAra kyoM milatA hai ? dharatI sarvasahA kyoM hotI hai ? meghamAlA se muktAoM kI varSA kyoM hotI hai ? sAgara meM bar3avAnala kyoM utpanna hotA hai ? prabhAkara dinabhara kyoM bhaTakatA hai ? rAhu-grasta sUrya kaisA lagatA hai ? Adi praznoM kA samAdhAna sundara kalpanAtmaka DhaMga se kiyA hai / zleSAdi alaMkAroM ke viSaya meM hama pIche kaha hI cuke haiN| alaMkAra ke sAtha rasavidhAna bhI sambaddha hai| kavi miTTI se AjAnu sane zilpI ke varNana ke prasaMga meM use vividha rUpa se dekhatA hai aura usI dRSTi meM vaha vIra, hAsya, raudra, bhayAnaka, zRMgAra, bIbhatsa, karuNA, vAtsalya aura zAnta rasa ke svarUpoM para bar3I gambhIratA se vicAra karatA hai (pR. 130-149) / usakI vicAradhArA ke anusAra karuNA aura vAtsalya rasoM kA antarbhAva zAnta rasa meM ho jAnA cAhie (pR. 149-160) / ise hama vistAra bhaya se spaSTa nahIM kara rahe haiN| chanda-vidhAna kavitA kI vAcakatA chanda ke binA nahIM ho pAtI / dvivedI yuga taka saMskRta ke varNika aura mAtrika chandoM kA prayoga hotA rahA para dhIre-dhIre prasAda, panta, nirAlA Adi chAyAvAdI kaviyoM taka Ate-Ate unake prayoga meM kamI hotI gii| chAyAvAdottara kAla meM dinakara ko chor3akara prAya: sabhI mahattvapUrNa kaviyoM ne paramparAgata chandoM para AdhArita nae chandoM yA mukta chanda meM apanI kAvya-racanA kI hai| bAda meM mAtrika chandoM ne gItoM meM pariNata hokara nAnA rUpa dhAraNa kie aura nae-nae chandoM kA vikAsa huA / antarvartI anuprAsa aura antyAnuprAsa kA prayoga bhavAnIprasAda mizra aura zrIkAnta varmA Adi jaise kaviyoM ne prArambha kiyA / mukta chanda kavitta kI varNasaMkhyA ko asvIkAra nahIM karatA para balAghAta ke anusAra chanda banAe rakhatA hai / girijA kumAra mAthura ne mukta chanda kA pUrA vidhAna racA hai / mudraNa-kalA ke
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________________ 36 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA prabhAva ne kavitA ke chanda para aura bhI prabhAva chor3A aura balAghAta ne bhii| 'mUkamATI' meM ye sAre prayoga dekhe jA sakate haiN| 'mUkamATI' mUlata: muktaka chanda meM racita mahAkAvya hai jisameM bhAva, viSaya aura prasaMga ke anukUla tukAnta, atukAnta, dohA tathA anya pAramparika chandoM ko samAhita kiyA gayA hai| udAharaNa ke taura para -(1) dohA-'paMkaja se nahIM paMka se' (pR. 50-51, 325), (2) vasantatilakA- 'dete hue zraya...' (pR. 185), (3) sama mAtrika chanda'cetana kI isa...' (pR. 16), (4) karimakarabhujA- 'vahI gAta hai' (pR. 456), (5) viSama mAtrika chanda (pR. 102, 200) Adi / ina chandoM meM saMgIta apane pUre laya aura tAla ke sAtha calatA rahatA hai aura sahajAnanda kA sarasa pravAha pravAhita hotA rahatA hai| bhASA-zailI ___ abhivyaMjanA zilpa ke ina sAre tattvoM ko tulanAtmaka dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' meM nihAreM to hama pAe~ge ki mUkamATI' kA abhivyaMjanA zilpa apanI alaga hI pahacAna banAe hue hai / kavi kI mAtRbhASA kannar3a hai para zuddha khar3I bolI ke prayoga meM vaha pUrNa niSNAta hai / pAThaka ko kahIM bhI aisA bhAna nahIM ho pAtA ki vaha ahindI bhASI kA kAvyapATha kara rahA hai / ma.pra. ke bundelakhaNDa aMcala meM kAphI samaya bitAne ke kAraNa katipaya dezI zabda avazya dekhe jA sakate haiM para 'karaDI' jaise sambhavata: kannar3a zabdoM ke sAtha ve aura bhI adhika abhivyaMjaka bana jAte haiN| bhASA para tatsama zabdoM kA prabhAva use vyavasthita aura pariSkRta banA detA hai / antyAnuprAsoM ke Agraha se bhI komalatA aura pravAha/kSamatA meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI, zailI meM nikhAra aura prasAda guNa banA rahatA hai, bolacAla ke muhAvare aura kahAvateM- 'AdhA bhojana kIjie/duguNA pAnI pIva/tiguNA zrama cauguNI ha~sI/varSa savA sau jIva ! (pR. 133); dAla nahIM galanA (pR. 134); Amada kama kharcA jyAdA/lakSaNa hai miTa jAne kA/kUvata kama gussA jyAdA/lakSaNa hai piTa jAne kA (pR. 135); mATI, pAnI aura havA/sau rogoM kI eka davA (pR. 399); pUta kA lakSaNa pAlane meM (pR.14, 482); bAyeM hiraNa/ dAyeM jAya- laMkA jIta/rAma ghara Aya (pR. 25); mu~ha meM rAma/bagala meM churI' (pR. 72)- Adi bhASA ko parimArjita kara detI haiM, zabda kI lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA zakti use aura bhI sUkSma banA detI hai, bhASA kI citramayatA aura dhvanyAtmakatA kavi kI saMvedanA ko saralatApUrvaka abhivyakta karatI dikhAI detI hai / anuprAsa ke sAtatya ne saMgItAtmakatA ko surakSita rakhA hai, bhASA ke sAtha sarvatra artha kI camatkArikatA tathA sArthakatA jur3I huI hai, jIvanAnubhUti kI talasparzitA, sampreSaNatA aura sAdhAraNIkaraNa jaisI koI samasyA yahA~ nahIM hai / pAribhASika zabdAvalI aura sUtroM meM samAhita artha ko sAmAnya jana kI bhASA meM samajhAne ke lie kavi prayatnazIla bhI dikhAI detA hai tathA viSaya ke anusAra zabdoM kA cayana hamArA vizeSa dhyAna AkarSita karatA hai / ahiMsA aura sadAcaraNa kI pRSThabhUmi meM zAnta rasa ke sthAyIbhAva nirveda ne mATI kI adamya zakti ko bhI prabhAvaka DhaMga se abhivyaMjita kiyA hai| isa prakAra Adhunika kAvya zrRMkhalA meM 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya hara dRSTi se anupama maNimAlA ke mauktika rUpa meM guMthA huA hai| usakA abhivyaMjanA zilpa eka bejor3a kar3I hai jisakA darzana zramaNa saMskRti para AdhArita hai / nimitta aura upAdAna kI vyAkhyA kI pRSThabhUmi meM racita yaha mahAkAvya hindI sAhitya kI amUlya dharohara hai / prasAda, panta, nirAlA, mahAdevI varmA Adi kaviyoM ke kAvyasaMgrahoM aura tAra saptaka' jaise kAvya-saMgrahoM ko jisa prakAra bhUmikA kI AvazyakatA par3atI rahI, usI prakAra 'mUkamATI' ko bhI usake racayitA kI ora se 'mAnasa taraMga' likhakara apane kathya ko spaSTa karanA par3A / darzana ke sAtha hI ratnatraya kI vyAvahArika upayogitA ko dikhAkara kavi ne prastuta mahAkAvya ko vyakti ke jIvana ke sAtha ghanIbhUta rUpa meM jor3a diyA hai / yahI usakI prAsaMgikatA hai aura yahI usakI maulikatA hai (pR.436)|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 37 samIkSA se virAma lene ke pUrva yaha kahanA bhI Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki samakAlIna kavitA ke kSetra meM bhI 'mUkamATI' ne apane ko rekhAMkita kiyA hai aura AcAryazrI eka sazakta hastAkSara ke rUpa kAvya kSetra meM pratiSThita ho gae haiN| unake pramukha kAvya-saMgraha 'narmadA kA narama kaMkara', 'DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI', 'totA kyoM rotA ?' aSTama-navama dazaka meM hI prakAza meM Ae haiM / parantu viDambanA yaha rahI hai ki ve eka varga vizeSa taka hI sImita rahe haiM, anyathA vizvambharanAtha upAdhyAya ke 'samakAlIna kavitA kI bhUmikA meM, jagadIza caturvedI ke 'Aja kI hindI kavitA' tathA pratApa sahagala-darzana seThI ke 'naveM dazaka kI kavitA yAtrA' jaise kAvya-saMgrahoM meM unakI abhivyakti ko sthAna avazya miltaa| phira bhI eka ora chAyAvAdI prasAda kI 'kAmAyanI' (1935), dinakara kI 'urvazI' (1961), tathA panta ke 'lokAyatana' (1964) ke bAda 'mUkamATI' (1988) ko usa kAvya-zrRMkhalA meM jor3akara aba hama 'adhyAtma prabandha catuSTaya' ko prasthApita kara sakate haiM to dUsarI ora naveM dazaka ke daurAna prakAzita hue kAvya paridRzya meM use kavitA ke vikAsa meM nae AyAma ke rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / abhI hAla meM prakAzita samakAlIna hindI kavitAe~' (saM.rAmadaraza mizrA/zyAma suzIla), 'naveM dazaka ke pragatizIla kavi' (saM. yAda. ke. sugandha) tathA 'trayI-3' (saM. jagadIza gupta) saMkalanoM meM Aja kA yathArtha sAmAjika citra prastuta huA hai| inameM yadi 'mUkamATI' meM khiMce kucha paridRzya bhI sammilita kara die gae hote to vaha nissandeha samakAlIna kavitA kA mahattvapUrNa dastAvez2a bana jAtA / yaha jAnate hue bhI ki 'mUkamATI' kAvya samakAlIna kavitA kI paripATI se bilakula haTakara likhA gayA hai / maiM yaha bAta isalie kaha rahA hU~ ki 'mUkamATI' ke kavi ne kavitA ko eka viziSTa muhAvarA diyA hai jisameM pratIka meM chipA AtaMkavAdI pariveza aura jIvanAnubhavoM kI vAstavikatA kI TakarAhaTa bar3e prabhAvaka DhaMga se abhivyakta huI hai / isa abhivyakti meM zilpa kA sparza pAkara kavitA caritArtha hotI dikhAI de rahI hai / sAmAjika dAyitva aura mAnavIya mUlyoM ke muddoM para kavi kI vedanA aura marmAntaka TippaNiyA~ bhI jIvana ke hAziyoM para amiTa rekhAe~ bana gaI haiM, jina para subhaga jIvana kI saphalatA ke citra aMkita haiN| sAmAjika paristhitiyoM se pratibaddha kavi kI cintA bhI vahIM pratibimbita hotI dikhAI detI hai| unakA kathya samakAlIna kaviyoM se bhI kahIM adhika bejor3a, vividhatA pUrNa, sadAcAramaya aura bahuAyAmI hai jisameM unhoMne darzana aura adhyAtma ko samaveta rUpa meM utArA hai aura vyakti ke jIvana ko kalAtmaka DhaMga se sa~vArA hai / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA yahI pradeya hai jo apane kSetra meM dIpastambha jaisA sadaiva pathadarzaka banA rhegaa| isa prakAra 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya Adhunika kAvyAkAza meM eka aisA dedIpyamAna nakSatra hai jo Adhunika hindI kavitA ke kSetra meM eka nayA mAna aura nayA pariveza lekara prastuta huA hai / vaha hatAzA, parAjaya aura kuNThA kI bajAya eka sajaga puruSArtha ko pratibimbita karatA hai, AdhyAtmika sRjanAtmakatA kI vyAkhyA karatA hai, upAdAna aura nimitta zaktiyoM kI darzana durUhatA ko spaSTa karatA hai, AdarzavAdI samAja kI saMracanA kI dRSTi detA hai, sadAcaraNa kI pratirakSA karatA hai aura detA hai vaha jIvana dRSTi jo vyakti yA sAdhaka ko apavarga kI zreNI meM baiThA detA hai / AdhunikatA kI paramparA se bilakula haTakara 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ne sAmudAyika cetanA kI pRSThabhUmi meM Atmika, AdhyAtmika abhyutthAna ko jisa rUpa meM unmeSita kiyA hai vaha daraasala bejor3a hai / isalie 'mUkamATI' nayI kavitA kA sazakta hastAkSara hai| usameM Adhunika jIvana-bodha kI sacetanatA hai, nae pratIkoM, bimboM aura yathocita zabdAvalI ke mAdhyama se manovegoM kA vizleSaNa hai, yugIna kAvya-rUr3hiyoM kA prayoga hone para bhI yugIna sandarbha se sampRkta hone ke kAraNa rUr3himuktatA-sI dikhAI detI hai| pR. 313 lo, janakArya titonIne AvAsaprAMgAmeM aura naTabhImatikA kAmakummalesA romA ki
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : 'kAmAyanI' ke bAda kI sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa kAvyopalabdhi DaoN. kAnti kumAra jaina hindI meM ekArtha kAvya kI vivakSA sunizcita evaM sunirdhArita nahIM hai / apabhraMza meM jaina kaviyoM dvArA vyakti ke janma se lekara kaivalya prApti taka kI kathA kA AkhyAna karane vAle 'nAgakumAra carita' aura 'yazodhara carita' ekArtha kAvya ke zreSTha nidarzana mAne jAte haiN| madhyakAlIna kAvya ke itihAsa meM jise samAsokti kahA gayA, kiMcit arthAntaraNa ke sAtha use hI Adhunika bhAvabodha kI AvazyakatAnusAra ekArtha kAvya kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| hindI ke svacchandatAvAdI kAvya kI mahattama kRti 'kAmAyanI' ko jaba aneka samIkSakoM ne mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM kI zAstrIyatA se virahita dekhA to use unhoMne rudraTa ke artha meM mahAkAvya mAnane meM saMkoca kiyA kintu yaha bhI saca hai ki apanI 'komalatA meM bala khAtI huI' isa racanA ko nae yuga kA pahilA mahAkAvya kahakara use chAyAvAda kI mahattama kRti kA zikhara sammAna denA chAyAvAda ke samIkSakoM ko apanA dAyitva jAna pdd'aa| ina donoM sthitiyoM kA samanvaya karane vAle kucha aise paramparAvAdI samIkSaka bhI the jo zAstrIyatA se parAGmukha bhI nahIM honA cAhate the aura 'kAmAyanI' kI avamAnanA kA Aropa bhI vahana karane ko prastuta nahIM the| paramparA aura AdhanikatA ke samanvaya ke isa upakrama meM DaoN. vizvanAtha prasAda mizra jaise AlocakoM ko ekArtha kAvya kI naI vidhA gar3hanI par3I aura apane nAmarAzi AcArya sAhityadarpaNakAra vizvanAtha kI ekArtha viSayaka sthApanAoM kI naI vyAkhyA karane ko udyata honA pdd'aa| unakI dRSTi meM ekArtha kAvya kI vidhA meM likhita racanAe~ mahAkAvya ke audAttya se to maNDita hotI haiM kintu kathA kI viralatA ke kAraNa mahAkAvya ke zAstrIya lakSaNoM se sampanna nahIM hotiiN| ekArtha kAvya meM samasAmayika jIvana kI gahana AdhArabhUta samasyAoM kA nitAnta prAsaMgika samAdhAna hotA hai aura vaha apane mahat jIvana-darzana ke kAraNa yadi eka ora darzana kI sImArekhA kA saMsparza karatA hai to dUsarI ora apane utkRSTa kAvya-saMvedanA ke kAraNa kisI bhI mahAkAvya kA prativezI hotA hai / kavi kI kArayitrI pratibhA kA aise kAvyoM meM prabhUta sAkSya milatA hai, usakI vicAra zakti sthApita jIvana mUlyoM ko nitAnta nae prasaMgoM meM punarvyAkhyAyita karatI hai, zilpa kA aisA jIvanta udAharaNa vaha apane aise kAvya meM prastuta karatA hai jo usake vyaktitva kA aikAntika pratiphalana hotA hai aura bhASA kA aisA saMyojana karane meM vaha saphala hotA hai jo bhASA yA vibhASA kI kSamatAoM kA vistAra karane vAlA hotA hai| DaoN. vizvanAtha prasAda mizra ne inhIM AdhAroM para kAmAyanI' ko Adhunika yuga meM hindI kA prathama ekArtha kAvya kahA thaa| jAyasI ke 'padamAvata' ke uparAnta yaha paramparA apanI saMzliSTatA, apanI kalAtmakatA, apane vyApaka jIvana sarokAroM ke kAraNa sarasvatI ke samAna anta:salilA hI banI rhii| 'kAmAyanI' kAra ne use puna: pratyakSa karane kA prayAsa kiyA kintu chAyAvAda ke uparAnta phira kisI kAvya meM aisI bhAsvara jIvanAnubhUti evaM kalAmayatA ke darzana nahIM hue| 'mUkamATI' ke rUpa meM ekArtha kAvya kI isa virala kintu zreSTha paramparA kA vikAsa hindI kAvya kI eka mahattama upalabdhi hai| 'kAmAyanI' yadi svatantratApUrva bhArata kI sAMskRtika cintAoM kA advitIya prayAsa hai to 'mUkamATI' svatantratA paravartI bhAratIya jIvana ke Atma-manthana kA virAT kAvyAtmaka upakrama / donoM kA udgama bhAratIya darzana meM hai, donoM kA lakSya Adhunika jIvana kI viSamatAoM kA samAdhAna hai / darzana athavA zilpa ke stara para donoM hI kisI itara prabhAva ko svIkAra nahIM krte| bhAratIya asmitA ke samagra udghATana ke lie zaiva jIvana-darzana evaM jaina jIvanadarzana para AdhArita 'kAmAyanI' aura 'mUkamATI' bIsavIM zatAbdI ke hindI kAvya kI mahAn upalabdhiyA~ haiM / jayazaMkara prasAda ne samarasatA ke AdhAra para Adhunika jIvana kI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna prastuta kiyA to AcArya
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 39 vidyAsAgarajI ne jaina darzana ko bhautikatA se santapta mAnavatA ke kalyANa kA ekamAtra mArga batAyA hai| 'mUkamATI' kI ananya viziSTatA- jisakI ora sabhI kA dhyAna jAtA hai-hai, usakI praasNgiktaa| sAmAnyatayA yaha dhAraNA vyakta kI jAtI hai ki jaina muni nispRha aura virakta hote haiM aura samAja kI samasyAoM se unakI koI sampRkti nahIM hotii| AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara ke isa mahAkAvya meM isa dhAraNA kA paMkti-paMkti meM niSedha hai / ve jisa samAja meM rahate haiM aura samaya ke jisa daura se guz2ara rahe haiM, usakI samasyAoM ke prati ve kitane sajaga haiM, isakA pramANa hameM 'mUkamATI' ke aneka prasaMgoM meM upalabdha hotA hai / AtaMkavAda kI nRzaMsa bhayAvahatA ne hamAre rASTra ko jitanA AzaMkita aura trasta kara rakhA hai, kavi usakI jar3oM taka hI nahIM jAtA, usake samAdhAna ke prati bhI saceSTa hai / AtaMkavAda ke kAraNoM kI vyAkhyA karate hue kavi kA kathana hai : "yaha bAta nizcita hai ki/mAna ko TIsa pahu~cane se hI, AtaMkavAda kA avatAra hotA hai |/ati-possnn yA ati-zoSaNa kA bhI yahI pariNAma hotA hai,/taba/jIvana kA lakSya banatA hai, zodha nahIM, badale kA bhAva "pratizodha !" (pR. 418) kavi rAjanIti meM nita nae-nae rUpoM meM aura nae-nae kAraNoM se prakaTa hone vAle asantuSTa daloM kI ora bhI dRSTipAta karatA hai / asantuSTa daloM kA astitva hamAre deza kI rAjanIti meM Aja eka vyApaka aura cintanIya sacAI hai : "bar3I samasyA A khar3I huI, ki/apane meM hI eka aura asantuSTa-dala kA nirmANa huA hai |/liye-nirnny ko nakArA hai usane anyAya-asabhyatA kahA hai ise,/apane sahayoga-samarthana ko svIkRti nahIM dI hai|" (pR. 419) deza ke hita ke lie bahupracalita samAjavAda para bhI kavi vyaMgya karane se nahIM cUkatA : "AsthA kahA~ hai samAjavAda meM tumhArI ? sabase Age maiM /samAja bAda meM !" (pR. 461) samAja meM vyApta Arthika viSamatA se bhI kavi vicalita hai / vaha dhana kI tulanA meM jana ko mahattva detA hai aura corI jaise a-sAmAjika kRtya kA mUla kAraNa dhana ke asantulita vitaraNa meM dekhatA hai : "aba dhana-saMgraha nahIM,/jana-saMgraha karo !/aura/lobha ke vazIbhUta ho aMdhAdhundha saMkalita kA/samucita vitaraNa karo/anyathA,/dhanahInoM meM corI ke bhAva jAgate haiM, jAge haiN|/corii mata karo, corI mata karo yaha kahanA kevala/dharma kA nATaka hai/uparila sabhyatA"upacAra ! cora itane pApI nahIM hote/jitane ki/coroM ko paidA karane vaale|" (pR.467-468) 'mUkamATI' kA kavi videha hokara bhI saMsAra se virakta nahIM hai / vaha jIvana ke udAtta mUlyoM ke prati samarpita hai| vaha samAja meM eka samatApUrNa samAja kI sthApanA ke lie kRta-saMkalpa hai| manuSya se eka darjA nIce rahane kA darda kyA hotA hai, kavi usase saMvedita hai aura artha, AtaMka, anyAya aura asahiSNutA se santapta sAmAnyajana ke pakSa meM khar3A
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________________ 40 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA hokara unake naitika yuddha meM eka vicAra-yoddhA kI bhA~ti sammilita hai / eka nirvikAra indriyajit, vAsanAmukta vyakti kI janapakSadharatA kA yaha kAvyAtmaka nidarzana atyanta udAtta aura AsthAprada hai| nArI ke prati kavi ke mana meM bahuta sammAna kA bhAva hai / vaha madhyakAlIna santoM kI taraha nArI ko 'agha kI khAna' nahIM maantaa| IsAI dhAraNA ke anusAra vaha strI ko pApa kA mUla' mAnane ke pakSa meM nahIM hai| vaha striyoM ke vibhinna abhidhAnoM kI samyak vyAkhyA karatA hai aura usake bhIru, nArI, mahilA, abalA, kumArI, strI, sutA, duhitA, mAtA, aMganA Adi pratyayoM kA bar3A hI rocaka kAvyatvamaya aura saMvedanA sampanna nirUpaNa karatA hai / eka zAnta nirudvigna vANI meM, strI pakSa ke adhivaktA ke rUpa meM isa cirazoSitA, upekSitA, avamAnitA ke prati abhivyakta kavi kI yaha vANI kitanI prabuddha, kitanI Adhunika aura kitanI naiSThika hai ! "svIkAra karatI hU~ ki/maiM aMganA hU~/parantu,/mAtra aMga nA hU~... aura bhI kucha hU~ maiM !/aMga ke andara bhI kucha/jhA~kane kA prayAsa karo, aMga ke sivA bhI kucha/mA~gane kA prayAsa kro|" (pR. 207) zrama ke prati kavi kI ananya niSThA use eka naI kAvya sArthakatA pradAna karatI hai / lagatA hai kavi yahA~ gA~dhI aura mArksa kA samanvaya kara rahA hai aura nitAnta nae svara meM vizva kI zramajIvI virAT mAnavatA ke samarthana meM UrdhvabAhu udghoSa kara rahA hai : "parizrama karo/pasInA bahAo/bAhubala milA hai tumheM karo puruSArtha sahI/puruSa kI pahacAna karo sahI, parizrama ke binA tuma/navanIta kA golA nigalo bhale hI, kabhI pacegA nahIM vaha/pratyuta, jIvana ko khatarA hai|" (pR.211-212) upabhoktA saMskRti ke virodha meM kavi kA yaha svara Aja ke digbhramita vizva ko saccI rAha kA saMketa karane vAlA AzAmaya svara hai| 'mUkamATI' kI kathA atyanta virala hai| pAtra bhI vAstavika nahIM, adhyavasita haiN| miTTI jaise tattva ko kathA kA mukhya AdhAra banAkara kavi ne saMskRti ke una udAtta, jIvanapoSI tattvoM kA pratyakSIkaraNa kiyA hai jo Aja ke bhautikatAAhata aura avamUlyana-trasta mAnava-jIvana ke lie eka mAtra saMjIvana hai / mATI, kumbhakAra, zilpI, jala, machalI, rAjA, bijalI, bAlaTI, kuA~, kA~Te, phUla, lekhanI kavi ke hAthoM meM par3akara bilakula nayA artha dene lagate haiM aura lagatA hai ki kavi kI udbhAvanA ke binA hama unake vAstavika marma ko jAna hI nahIM pAte / AcArya abhinava gupta ne sAdhAraNIkaraNa ke prasaMga meM jisa ghaTa-dIpaka-nyAya kI bAta kahI hai, lagatA hai, AcArya kavi vidyAsAgarajI ne hamArI saMvedanA ko Acchanna karane vAle rAga-dveSayukta ghaTAvaraNa ko dUra kara hameM vastuoM, mUlyoM aura manobhAvoM ke vAstavika vyaktitva se paricita karA diyA hai / 'mUkamATI' sAdhAraNIkaraNa kI prakriyA ko eka nitAnta abhinava artha meM udAhRta karatA hai / 'mUkamATI' eka aise santa kavi kA kAvya hai jisake rasAsvAdana ke lie hameM paramparAgata kAvyazAstra kI naI vyAkhyA karanI hogii| bhASA para 'mUkamATI' ke kavi kA asAdhAraNa adhikAra hai / vaha usake saMketoM para na jAne kitanI bhaMgimAe~,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 41 kitanI mudrAe~, kitanI chaviyA~ dhAraNa karatI haiN| apane mantavya ko prakaTa karane kI kavi kI sabase priya mudrA hai zabdoM ko viparyasta kara nitAnta naI vyaMjanA kA saMcAra / yaha kevala zabda- kautuka hI nahIM hai varan dIrgha sAdhanA se jIvana labdha mUlyoM ko sAmAnyajana taka sampreSita karane kI utkaTa icchA kA pariNAma bhI hai / kavi ke jIvanAnubhavoM, AdhyAtmika upalabdhiyoM tathA sAmAnya jIvana kI kadarthatAoM se saMgharSarata eka sAmAnya vyakti ke jIvana prasaMgoM aura nizceSTa jIvana mUlyoM meM jitanA adhika antarAla hogA, kavi ko apane kathya ke samucita sampreSaNa meM utanI hI kaThinatA kA anubhava hogA para samartha kavi isa kaThinatA se na to AtaMkita hotA hai aura na hI vicalita / kabIra ne apane ucca jIvanAnubhavoM ko ulaTabA~sI ke mAdhyama se isa prakAra sampreSita kiyA ki samAja ke tathAkathita nimnAtinimna varga ko bhI ve jIvanAnubhava sAdhAraNIkRta ho sake / AcArya muni vidyAsAgara kI AdhyAtmika jIvanAnubhUtiyoM meM sAmAnyajana kI pratibhAgitA sambhava nahIM hai para kavi vidyAsAgara samAja-sampRkta apane gahana aura jIvanta spandanoM ko zabdoM ke zIrSAsana dvArA isa prakAra upasthita karate haiM ki unakA eka prAmANika aura jIvanadAyI rUpa hameM sahaja hI hRdayaMgama ho jAtA hai / lAbha ko bhalA, rAkha ko kharA aura rAhI ko hIrA kahanA zabdoM kA zIrSAsana nahIM to aura kyA hai ? 'zaMkarsa vIkalI' ke sampAdaka vyaMgyakAra zaMkara ne paM. javAhara lAla neharU ke sarvAdhika priya Asana zIrSAsana' para TippaNI karate hue kahA thA ki ulaTI duniyA ko sIdhA dekhane kA eka mAtra upAya hai ki svayaM ulaTe hokara use dekhanA / kavi vidyAsAgarajI bhI ulaTI duniyA ko aura usake vikRta jIvana mUlyoM ko sIdhA karane ke lie zabdoM ke zIrSAsana se kAma lete haiN| khar3I bolI hindI ke kAvya bhASA ke rUpa meM kitane saMskaraNa ho sakate haiM -- yaha jAnanA sAhitya ke adhyetA ke lie jitanA rocaka hai, utanA upayogI bhii| khar3I bolI kA eka rUpa 'hariaudha'jI ke 'cubhate caupade' kA hai to eka 'nirAlA' kI 'rAma kI zaktipUjA' kaa| 'baccana' kI 'madhuzAlA' kI hindI usakA nitAnta nayA tevara hai| 'muktibodha' kI 'cA~da kA mu~ha Ter3hA hai' eka anagar3ha, rUkSa, hA~phatI huI bhASA kA udAharaNa hai to 'ajJeya' kI 'dIpa akelA' eka zAnta, abhijAta, manthara bhASA, mudrA prakaTa karatA hai, 'raghuvIra sahAya' kI 'dayAvatI kA kunabA' akhabArI bhASA ke kAvyAtmaka kalpAntaraNa kA udAharaNa hai / AcArya kavi vidyAsAgara apanI kavitAoM meM khar3I bolI kA aisA maoNDala prastuta karate haiM jo na to khar3I bolI kI prakRti kA ullaMghana karatA hai aura na hI use Aropita kAvyAcchAda pradAna karatA hai| bIsavIM zatAbdI ke antima dazaka taka Ate-Ate hindI khar3I bolI kA jo svarUpa hai, vaha kavi vidyAsAgarajI ko svAyatta hai / bhASA kI prakRti kA uccheda athavA usakA ullaMghana bhI eka prakAra kI hiMsA hI hai| kavi zrI vidyAsAgarajI isa hiMsA se svayaM ko nitAnta asampRkta rakhate haiN| hindI kAvya bhASA ko usakI sampUrNa svAyattatA evaM samagra svAsthya meM prayukta kara AcArya-kavi ne nae kSitijoM kA udghATana kiyA hai| _Adhunika hindI kAvya ke vistRta evaM sampanna paridRzya meM AcArya kavi vidyAsAgarajI kI mUkamATI' 'kAmAyanI' ke bAda kI sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa, prAsaMgika evaM udAtta kAvyopalabdhi hai -- isameM sandeha nhiiN| patha para calatA haisatpaya--pathika vara muDakara nahIM dekhatA tanase bhI, manase bhii|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' kA mahAkAvyatva prA. mANika lAla borA pUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI dvArA racita 'mUkamATI' racanA ke mukhapRSTha para hI zIrSaka ke nIce 'mahAkAvya ' likhA hone se racanA ke kAvya bheda kA nirdeza kiyA gayA / isa zabda ko lekara Alocaka - vRnda meM matAntara kI sambhAvanA spaSTa dIkha par3atI hai| racanA ke 'prastavana' kAra zrI lakSmIcandrajI jaina ne isa racanA ko, mahAkAvya kaheM yA khaNDakAvya yA mAtra kAvya ? - yaha AzaMkA bharA prazna khar3A kiyA hai| unhoMne yaha bhI spaSTa likhA hai ki paramparAgata mahAkAvya ke caukhaTe meM jar3anA sambhava nahIM hai / racanA kA vistRta vistAra tathA prArambhika prAkRtika paridRzya kA z2ikra kara sirfa itanA hI ullekha kiyA hai ki 'yaha mahAkAvya kI sImAoM ko chUtA hai / ' antima paMktiyoM meM unhoMne ise 'Adhunika jIvana kA abhinava zAstra' kahA hai, mahAkAvya nahIM / ataH isa racanA ko kyA kaheM, yaha prazna anuttarita hI raha jAtA hai| mere mana meM bhI eka aura prazna uThatA hai ki yadi yaha racanA Adhunika jIvana kA abhinava zAstra hai, to phira yaha 'Adhunika vyazAstra kA abhinava mahAkAvya' kyoM nahIM ho sakatI ? mere mana meM isa racanA ke mahAkAvyatva ke bAre meM koI AzaMkA nahIM hai / isa lekha meM maiMne isa racanA ke mahAkAvyatva ko siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| paramparAgata mahAkAvya kA svarUpa aura 'mUkamATI' saMskRta bhASA ke mahAn paNDita evaM AcAryoM ne pUrvakAlIna tathA samakAlIna kaviyoM kI kAvya racanAoM kA nirIkSaNa-parIkSaNa karake kAvyazAstra kI jo racanA kI hai, usameM kAvya-bhedoM ke vivecana meM mahAkAvya ke svarUpa para paryApta prakAza DAlA hai| mahAkAvya kI racanA ke lie viziSTa niyamoM kI caukhaTa kA nirmANa kara usakA svarUpa nirdhArita kara diyA hai / mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM kA vistArapUrvaka varNana karake use viziSTa maryAdA meM jakar3a diyA hai| kAvyazAstra ke niyamoM, lakSaNoM ke anusAra mahAkAvya kI kathA lokaprasiddha, lokavizruta ho aura usakA nAyaka ucca kulotpanna tathA rAjavaMza se sambandhita dhIrodAtta mahApuruSa ho / kathA meM nAyaka ke sampUrNa jIvana kA lekhAjokhA ho / AdhikArikI kathA ke sAtha hI aneka prAsaMgika kathAe~, jo mukhya kathA ko agrasara karatI hoM, Avazyaka mAnI gaI haiM / kathA meM sahAyaka tathA nirodhaka aneka pAtra, caritra hoM, jo nAyaka ke jIvana caritra ko ujAgara kara usakI lokottaratA para prakAza DAlane meM sahAyaka hoN| racanAkrama kI dRSTi se bhI niyama nirdhArita kie gae haiN| mahAkAvya ke prArambha meM kramaza: maMgalAcaraNa, devI-devatAoM kI vandanA - - stuti, gurujanoM kI vandanA evaM AzIrvAda kI prArthanA, sajjana-prazaMsA aura durjana- nindA ityAdi kA honA Avazyaka batAyA gayA hai / mahattvapUrNa niyama bhI batAyA gayA hai ki mahAkAvya meM kama se kama ATha sarga hoM / mahAkAvya ke uparyukta jo mahattvapUrNa lakSaNa batAe gae haiM, unameM se eka bhI lakSaNa 'mUkamATI' kAvya meM hai hI nahIM / na maMgalAcaraNa hai, na devI-devatAoM kI stuti; na guruvandanA hai, na sajjana-prazaMsA / kathA hai to eka ati sAmAnya, pada-dalita, nagaNya mATI kI / isI mATI ko agara nAyikA mAna leM to nAyaka hai usase banA kumbha / kumbhakAra yA zilpI nimitta mAtra gauNa pAtra hai, use nAyaka nahIM mAnA jaaegaa| vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki mATI, kumbha yA kumbhakAra ko nAyakanAyikA mAnanA laukika artha meM ghaTita nahIM hotA / AdhikArika / mukhya kathA kA vistAra bhI bahuta bar3A nahIM hai, bahuta choTI paridhi hai uskii| kumbhakAra mATI khodakara ghara le jAtA hai, chAnakara tathA pAnI DAlakara use rauMdatA hai, cakra para loMdA rakhakara kumbha banAtA hai, avA meM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 43 tapAkara seThajI ke sevaka ko de detA hai / pUjya munirAja ke AhAra-grahaNa ke samaya vahI kumbha upayoga meM AtA hai| saMkaTa kI sUcanA pAkara kumbha seThajI ke parivAra sahita vana kA Azraya letA hai aura saMkaToM kA sAmanA kara phira usI sthAna para AtA hai jahA~ kumbhakAra mATI lene AyA hai| basa ho gayI kathA / prAsaMgika kathAe~ bhI inI-ginI haiN| vizeSa ullekhanIya hai mUka vastuoM kA vArtAlApa, nirjIva padArthoM kA sajIvIkaraNa / hA~, mahAkAvya-sA nisarga-varNana, Rtu-varNana tathA sabhI rasoM kA varNana kRti meM avazya hai, parantu vaha bhI apanI bhavyatA ke sAtha nahIM / sampUrNa racanA bhI sirpha cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai| saMkSepa meM yaha ki paramparAgata mahAkAvya ke niyamoM aura lakSaNoM kI kasauTI para hI yadi 'mUkamATI' racanA ko kasa kara parakhA jAe to eka parIkSArthI kI taraha spaSTa kahanA hogA ki 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya nahIM hai| maulika prazna yaha hai ki kyA 'mUkamATI' ke mahAkAvyatva ko siddha karane ke lie paramparAgata mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM kI caukhaTa kA hI sahArA lenA hogA ? vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki ye lakSaNa bhI ati prAcIna samaya ke bane hue haiN| isakA Azaya yaha nahIM ki prAcIna hone se unheM kAlabAhya mAnakara chor3a diyA jAe, parantu yaha bhI nahIM ki kevala prAcIna hone se unheM hI svIkAra kiyA jaae| ata: navIna mUlyoM, paddhatiyoM, dRSTiyoM aura AvazyakatAoM ke anusAra kAvya ke navIna lakSaNoM evaM vizeSatAoM ko apanA lenA prAcIna kA avamAna haragiz2a nahIM hai| hara samaya kI apanI mA~ga hotI hai, jise pUrNa karanA prAcIna kA avamAna nahIM, nUtana kA svAgata hai| yaha racanA kisI gRhastha kavi kI nahIM varan gRhastha jIvana kA tyAga kara, dIkSA grahaNa kara AtmoddhAra ke kaThina, jaTila, kaNTakAkIrNa mArga para calane vAle karmaTha sAdhu kI racanA hai| sAmAnya kavi kI racanA aura santa-sAdhu kI racanA meM maulika antara hotA hai / santa sarvaprathama bhakta hotA hai, sAdhanA mArga para calane vAlA sAdhaka hotA hai aura bAda meM kavi / apanI sAdhanA hI usakA mukhya lakSya hotA hai, kavi-karma nahIM / apane santa kartavya ke mAdhyama se hI usake andara kA kavi mukharita hotA hai / kAvya ke prAMgaNa meM kavi svara-saMcAra kara sakatA hai parantu santa kI apanI maryAdAe~ hotI haiN| kavi ke lie jo bhogya hotA hai, santa ke lie vahI tyAjya / udAharaNasvarUpa sabhI kaviyoM ne zRMgAra ko rasarAja kahA hai parantu isa racanA meM AcArya-kavi ne zRMgAra kI avahelanA kara zAnta rasa ko pradhAnatA dI hai| unakI dRSTi meM zArIrika zRMgAra nahIM varan Atmika zRMgAra arthAt AtmazAnti hI mAnava-jIvana kA antima lakSya hai| kartavya kI vedI para baiThe AcArya-kavi ne apane viSaya aura uddezya ko hI prAdhAnya dekara mahAkAvya ke paramparAgata lakSaNoM ke nirvahaNa meM apanA bahumUlya samaya evaM zakti vyaya karanA ucita nahIM samajhA / ata: isa racanA ke mahAkAvyatva kA mUlyAMkana paraMparAgata lakSaNoM kI kasauTI para nahIM varan anya Adhunika lakSaNoM evaM vizeSatAoM kI kasauTI para karanA hogaa| 'mUkamATI' kA viSaya, usake nivedana ke pIche AcArya-kavi kA Antarika uddezya, AcAryazrI kI sAmAjika dRSTi tathA mAnavI jIvana ke kalyANa kI unakI tIvra bhAvanA Adi kAvya ke bhAva pakSa ke sAtha hI unakA zabda-saMgraha, kAvya kalAtmakatA, zailI evaM zabda-camatkRti Adi kalA pakSa kA bhI vicAra karanA hogaa| 'mUkamATI' kA viSaya aura uddezya daraasala, santakaviyoM kI racanA kA viSaya adhyAtma hI hotA hai / santa apanI sAdhanA dvArA anubhUta AdhyAtmika satya ko udghATita karanA cAhatA hai / usakA lakSya bhautika sukha nahIM, Atmika sukha hotA hai / adhyAtma ke rAste para calane kI icchA rakhane vAle ajJajanoM ke anta:karaNa meM dharma kI jyoti jalAkara unheM jIvana kI sArthakatA kA mArga dikhAnA hI santa kA pramukha kArya hotA hai / rAgAtireka se saMsAra ke bhautika sukhoM se cipake hue jIvoM meM vairAgya bhAva
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________________ 44 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA prajvalita karanA, puruSa kI suSupta caitanya zakti ko jAgRta karanA hI santa apanA kartavya samajhate haiM / isa kAvya ke racayitA AcArya vidyAsAgarajI mAnate haiM ki zuddha-sAttvika bhAvoM se sampanna jIvana hI dharma hai / kurItiyoM kA nirmUlana kara yuga ko zubha saMskAroM se saMskArita kara use bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3akara vItarAga zramaNa-saMskRti ko jIvita rakhane ke sAttvika uddezya se hI isa racanA kA nirmANa huA hai (dekhie-'mAnasa taraMga, pR. XXIV) / uddezya kI pUrti ke lie mATI aura kumbha kI yaha kathA to kevala rUpaka/pratIka mAtra hai| AcAryazrI ko yahA~ koI kathA nahIM kahanI hai| unheM to aneka bhavoM meM, asaMkhya paryAyoM meM, janma-jarA-maraNa ke cakra meM bhaTakatI huI ananta duHkhoM se ghAyala evaM vyathita banI AtmA ko uddhAra kA mArga batAnA hai / jIvana ke lakSya se bhaTakI huI AtmA ko AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA vizleSaNa karake mukti kA mArga dikhAnA hI AcAryazrI kA pramukha uddezya hai| racanA ke prArambha meM hI mahAkAvya-sadRza prAta:kAlIna prakRti-dRzya kA jo sajIva varNana kiyA gayA hai, use par3ha kara unakI varNana zailI kI kSamatA tathA uttuMga pratibhA ke darzana hote haiN| parantu prakRti-varNana meM ve adhika rame nhiiN| ve jhaTa apane viSaya-vivecana para A gae haiN| saritA-taTa kI mATI apane patita jIvana ko kosatI huI Antarika vyathA vyakta karatI hai| yaha mATI ananta paryAyoM meM bhaTakatI tathA sAMsArika da:khoM se vyakti banI AtmA kA pratIka hai. jo isa cakra se chuTakArA pAne ke lie lAlAyita ho uThI hai / mATI ke mukha se atyanta ArtatA pUrvaka karuNa bhAvoM se labAlaba bharA huA yaha prazna AtmA hI pUchatI hai ki isa paryAya kI iti kaba hogI? saMsAra meM bhramaNa karane vAlI hara AtmA kA yaha sanAtana-zAzvata prazna rahA hai ki jIvana kA uddhAra hogA yA nahIM? hogA to kaba aura kaise ? inhIM praznoM se hatotsAha banI AtmA pada, patha aura pAtheya kI mA~ga karatI hai| inhIM praznoM ke uttara meM likhA gayA hai 'mUkamATI' kAvya / sAdhanApakSa kI tamAma bArIkiyoM kA aneka udAharaNoM sahita vizleSaNa-vivecana karake sAdhaka ko mukti ke mArga para calane ko prerita karanA hI racanA kA mukhya uddezya hai / AcAryajI likhate haiM- sAdhanA ke lie sarvaprathama Avazyaka hai 'AsthA': 0 "...jIvana kA/AsthA se vAstA hone para rAstA svayaM zAstA hokara/sambodhita karatA sAdhaka ko sAthI bana sAtha detA hai|" (pR. 9) "AsthA ke binA AcaraNa meM/Ananda AtA nahIM, A sakatA nhiiN| phira/AsthAvAlI sakriyatA hI/niSThA kahalAtI hai, ...niSThA kI phalavatI/pratiSThA prANapratiSThA kahalAtI hai,... pratiSThA bahatI - bahatI/sthira ho jAtI hai jahA~ vahI to samIcInA saMsthA kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 120) isa prakAra AsthA hI krama-krama se bar3hakara saccidAnanda saMsthA kI avyaya avasthA pAtI hai| ata: AsthApUrvaka mana se sAdhaka binA kisI Alasya ke sAdhanA meM nirantara prayatnazIla rhe| prArambha meM kaThinAiyA~ avazya AtI haiM, parantu bAda meM ve hI patha kI sahacarI banakara saphalatA pradAna karatI haiN| sAdhanA kA mArga atyanta kaThina hotA hai, jisa para calate hue bar3e-bar3e sAdhaka bhI ghuTane Teka dete haiN| kaThinAiyoM se Darakara aneka sAdhaka sAdhanA ko adhUrA chor3akara bhAga jAte haiN| bhAganevAloM se AcAryajI kahate haiM : "parISaha-upasarga ke binA kabhI/svarga aura apavarga kI upalabdhi na huI, na hogI/traikAlika satya hai yaha !" (pR. 266)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 45 sAdhanA kA mArga yAnI Aga kI nadI hai, jise binA naukA ke hI apane bAhuoM ke bala para tairate hue pAra karanA hotA hai, tabhI tIra milatA hai / isIlie binA sambhrama meM par3e dRr3hasaMkalpa ke sAtha Age bar3hane se bhaya bhAga jAtA hai / abhaya kI sthiti hI vijaya kA prArambha hai / sAdhaka ke lie tapa atyanta Avazyaka hai| binA tapa kie Antarika tApa naSTa nahIM hotA, ajJAna kA nAza aura jJAna kI labdhi nahIM hotii| "tana aura/mana ko/tapa kI Aga meM/tapA-tapA kara jalA-jalA kara rAkha karanA hogA/yatanA ghora karanA hogA tabhI kahIM cetana-AtmA/kharA utaregA!" (pR. 57) binA tape-jale vizuddha parasa kA anubhava sambhava nahIM hai| isa prakAra sAdhanA-mArga kI kaThinAiyoM se sAdhaka ko avagata kara usakA hausalA bar3hAne kA prayatna bhI AcAryajI karate haiN| mATI se kumbha tabhI banatA hai jaba mATI meM mile hue virodhI tattva arthAt kaMkar3a vagairaha usase alaga kara die jaaeN| isIlie to mATI ko chAnA jAtA hai / yahI avasthA sAdhanA ke pUrva AtmA ko bhI karanI par3atI hai| jaba taka AtmA ke sAtha virodhI tattva cipake hue rahate haiM, taba taka use mokSa ke darzana sambhava nahIM hoNge| isIlie AcArya-kavijI ne varNa-zuddhi para vizeSa jora diyA hai| ve kahate haiM-'jIvana meM unnata avasthA kI prApti ke lie varNa-zuddhi Avazyaka hai / varNa kA artha raMga-rUpa, yA AkAra-prakAra nahIM, varan cAla-calana, DhaMga, svabhAva Adi Atmika guNa haiM / AtmA meM lage kaSAya-kalaMkoM ke varNa-saMkara doSa ko naSTa karane kA matalaba hai ina Atma-virodhI kaSAyoM ko nikAla pheMkanA / yahI varNa-zuddhi hai|' yahA~ AcAryajI ne varNa kA sambandha janma yA jAti se nahIM apitu vyakti ke karma se jor3a diyA hai, AtmA ke guNoM se jor3a diyA hai / 'varNa-saMkara doSa Atmonnati meM bAdhaka hI nahIM, AtmA ko avanati kI ora le jAtA hai| isa vicAra ko adhika spaSTa karane ke lie unhoMne bahuta hI sundara udAharaNa diyA hai| gAya kA kSIra (dUdha) aura Aka kA kSIra Upara se vimala-dhavala hI dikhAI dete haiM, donoM kA varNa (raMga) eka hI hai, parantu jaba ve paraspara mila jAte haiM taba gAya kA kSIra phaTa jAtA hai / ' Aka kA varNa (guNa) gAya ke varNa meM vikRti paidA kara detA hai / krodha, kAma, lobha, rAga, dveSa ityAdi kaSAyoM ko AtmA se alaga karanA hI AtmA kI varNa-zuddhi hai| - sAdhanA ke lie anukUlatA kI pratIkSA karanA bhI vyartha hai| pratIkSA karane se rAga-bhAva kI vRddhi hotI hai| vaise hI pratikUlatA kA pratikAra bhI na kareM kyoMki usase dveSa-bhAva puSTa hotA hai|' sAra yaha hai ki sAdhanA-mArga meM anukUlatA ho yA pratikUlatA, donoM ko sama-bhAva se grahaNa karanA hogaa| usake lie saMyama kI bar3I AvazyakatA hai / rAga-dveSa virahita evaM saMyata anta:karaNa se saMyama kI rAha para calanA hogaa| "rAhI bananA hI to/hIrA bananA hai / " (pR. 57) sAdhanA-mArga meM sabase Avazyaka hai mAyA se chuTakArA pAnA / jaba taka sAdhaka kA mana kAyA kI ora jhukA rahatA hai taba taka jIva mAyA ke phande meM kasA rahatA hai| jaba mAyA kI upekSA hotI hai, mAyA kI ora durlakSya hotA hai taba sanmati kI prApti hotI hai / mAyA ke kAraNa hI gati, mati, sthiti vikRta ho jAtI hai / isake pariNAmasvarUpa AtmA ke maulika svarUpa evaM svabhAva kA jJAna nahIM hotaa| mana ko zarIra kI ora se haTA lenA, zArIrika rogoM se mana ko alipta rakhanA hI mAyA ke caMgula se AtmA ko bacAnA hai|
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________________ 46 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA AtmA se jaba sabhI kaSAyeM haTa jAtI haiM, krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha Adi vikAra utpanna karanevAle bhAva naSTa ho jAte haiM, tabhI puNya-nidhi kA pratinidhi bhAva arthAt 'jJAna' kA jAgaraNa hotA hai / isa 'bodha-bhAva' ke Agamana se anubhUti kA pratinidhi zodha-bhAva prakAzita hotA hai| yahI hai AtmA kI zuddha avasthA / isa avasthA meM bAdhaka hai 'moh'| AtmA kI zuddha avasthA ke lie moha kA dUra honA Avazyaka hai / moha hI mAyA ko Amantrita karatA hai / apane ko chor3a kara arthAt 'sva' ke atirikta para-padArtha se prabhAvita honA moha hai| sAMsArika jIvana meM aise asaMkhya bAhya padArtha haiM jinase sAdhaka kA mana prabhAvita/vicalita hone kI sambhAvanA hotI hai / isIlie AcAryazrI ne atyanta mahattvapUrNa sUcanA dI hai ki para-padArtha se prabhAvita nahIM honA hai| isake viparIta sabako chor3akara apane meM arthAt 'sva' meM bhAvita honA hI mokSa hai, vahI zuddhAtmA kI sthiti hai|' 'rUpa' kA pyAsA bananA hI vAsanA hai, jo AtmA ko kalaMkita karatI hai| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM 'arUpa' kA pyAsA banakara hI qadama bar3hAnA hai / vAsanA kI upAsanA chor3akara, rUpa kI lalaka aura parasa kI Asa chor3akara bhautika zRMgAra viSaya se dara rahanA Avazyaka hai| 'rUpa' kI pyAsa kA matalaba hai 'kAma' kI upAsanA / sAdhanA ke kSetra meM 'kAma' kI nahIM, 'rAma' kI lagana laganI cAhie / artha kI ora nahIM, paramArtha kI ora lagana bar3hanI caahie| paramArtha atulanIya hai, use artha kI tulA meM taulanA hAsyAspada hai| AdhyAtmika jIvana kI saphalatA tabhI sambhava hai jaba caMcala mana zAnta ho jaae| sAdhanA kSetra meM yaha caMcala mana hI gar3abar3I paidA kara detA hai, saba kucha bigAr3a detA hai / mana kI caMcala vRtti ke kAraNa bhAvoM meM uthala-puthala thama jAtI hai, jinase indriya rUpI ghor3e betahAzA daur3ane lagate haiM / ata: mana ko saMyama kI bAgaDora se kAbU meM rakhanA hogA, tabhI bhAvoM kI uthala-puthala thama sakatI hai / bhAva-sAgara taraMgahIna-samatala tabhI ho sakegA jaba hRddeza meM anya sabhI rasoM kA anta hokara zAnta rasa kI pradhAnatA hogI / AcAryazrI ne zAnta rasa ko rasa-rAja tathA rasa-pAka kI ucca vedI para sthApita kiyA hai| vyAvahArika bhogAtmaka jIvana meM zRMgAra rasa ko rasa-rAja mAnA gayA hai, parantu AdhyAtmika jIvana meM zAnta rasa kI prApti kara lenA hI sAdhaka kA kartavya mAnA gayA hai / zAnta rasa kI upalabdhi hI AdhyAtmika yAtrA kI maMz2ila hai / saba rasoM kA anta honA hI zAnta rasa hai / anya sabhI rasa bhogAtmaka haiM jo jIvana ko asthira-azAnta banA dete haiN| manuSya apane jIvana meM zAnti cAhatA hai, ata: zAnta rasa ko prApta karane ke lie sabhI rasoM kA anta karane kI sAdhanA karanI hogii| "paridhi kI ora dekhane se/cetana kA patana hotA hai/aura parama-kendra kI ora dekhane se/cetana kA jatana hotA hai / " (pR. 162) ina paMktiyoM ke dvArA AcArya-kavijI ne sAdhanA ke lakSya kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| sAdhaka kI dRSTi bAhya kI ora nahIM varan kendra kI ora arthAt saMsAra ke bhogoM kI ora nahIM, Atma-tattva kI ora honI cAhie / bAhya dRSTi cetana ko caMcala banAkara patana ke garta meM Dhakela detI hai aura Atmakendrita dRSTi cetana ko zAnta-sthira banAkara usakA jatana karatI hai / nirantara ghUmane vAle saMsAra-cakra para sthita mAnavI jIvana jaba paridhi kI ora yAnI bAhya kI ora dekhatA hai taba usakA cetana bhramaNa karane lagatA hai, pariNAmata: jIvana yU~ hI binA kucha lAbha ke viphala ho jAtA hai / jaba sAdhaka kI AtmA kendra meM ramaNa karatI hai tabhI sukha kI anubhUti hotI hai / pratyeka jIvana saMsAra-cakra para Arohita hai / jo jIvana binA bhrama meM par3e isa ghumAvadAra rAste se behicaka nikala par3atA hai, jo jIvana ke cakkara ke Dara se gatimAn hone se hicakatA hai, vaha zikhara para pahu~ca hI nahIM pAegA / jIvana ke rahasya ko samajhane ke lie puruSArtha karanA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki jIvana ke rahasya kA yU~ghaTa puruSArtha dvArA hI khula sakatA hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 47 sAdhaka apane jIvana meM tabhI saphala hogA jaba usakI gati kA sAtha usakI mati bhI de degI aura mati bhI vaha jo mAna-ahaMkAra se vimukha hotI hai| parantu gati ke sAtha yadi ahaMkAra kI pramukha kAraNa rati sAtha degI to vinAza avazyambhAvI hai / ata: sAdhaka ko cAhie ki vaha rati se bace aura ahaMkAra rahita mati ko jIvana kI gati meM lagA de, tabhI vikAsa sambhava hai| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM dhyAna kA atyanta mahattva hai| dhyAna kise kahate haiM ? apane Apa ko khonA hI dhyAna hai| apane Apa ko khone ke bhI do mArga haiM-eka bhoga kA aura dUsarA tyAga kA / prathama, bhoga-mArga se jAne vAlA sAdhaka vikalpa se mukta hokara zava ke samAna par3A rahatA hai to dUsare yoga-mArga se jAne vAlA sAdhaka ziva ke samAna kharA utaratA hai| dhyAna-kriyA dAhaka hotI hai avazya, parantu usI dhyAna-dAha se vaiSayika saMga naSTa hote haiM aura AtmA para lagA jaMga bhI jalakara bhasma hotA hai / dhyAna-dAha ke pravAha meM avagAhana karake bhI Aha taka nahIM nikalanI caahie| vizva kA tAmasa bhI bhara jAe to bhI nizcinta rahanA cAhie, kyoMki kAlAntara meM 'tA'ma'"sa' hI 'sa''ma'"tA' pradAna karatA hai| avA meM agni-parIkSA dekara hI kumbha maz2abUta banatA hai| usI prakAra dhyAna-dAha meM tapakara hI sAdhaka mukti kA haqadAra banatA hai| "agni-parIkSA ke binA Aja taka/kisI ko bhI mukti milI nahIM, na hI bhaviSya meM milegii|" (pR. 275) AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA mukhya uddezya viSayoM aura kaSAyoM kA vamana karanA arthAt unheM bAhara pheMka denA hai| vamana kI kriyA aruci se hI hotI hai| jaba taka viSayoM aura kaSAyoM ke prati mana meM ruci hai, taba taka inakA vamana honA asambhava hai / ata: sAdhaka kA prayatna kaSAyoM ke prati mana meM aruci paidA karanA hai / jaba ye viSaya aura kaSAya, jo AtmA ko maile banAte haiM, nikala jAe~ge tabhI sAdhaka ko mukti kA rasAsvAda prApta hogA / jo vyakti rasanendriya ke vazIbhUta huA hai use vastu ke sahI svAda kA Ananda nahIM milatA / ThIka usI prakAra jaba taka viSayoM-kaSAyoM ke prati mana meM ruci bharI hai taba taka zAnta rasa kA svAda AtmA ko milanA kaThina hai / kaSAyoM ke prati aruci tabhI paidA hogI jaba vyakti jIne kI icchA se hI nahIM varan mRtyu kI bhIti se bhI Upara uThegA / jisa rasanA ne mRtyu kA bhaya bhI apane meM nahIM rakhA arthAt jo mRtyuMjaya ho gayI hai, vahI rasanA rasa kA AsvAdana le sakatI hai| jo viSayoM kA rasika hai, bhogoM-upabhogoM kA dAsa hai, indriyoM kA cAkara hai, tana aura mana kA gulAma hai, vahI para-padArthoM kA svAmI bananA cAhatA hai / yahI mahApApa hai| viSayoM kI dAsatA taba miTatI hai jaba 'sva' ko 'sva' ke rUpa meM aura 'para' ko 'para' ke rUpa meM jAna liyA jaae| yahI sahI jJAna hai| "bAhara yaha/jo kucha dikha rahA hai/so maiM "nahIM"hU~ aura vaha/merA bhI nahIM hai|" (pR. 345) yaha sthiti hI sacce jJAna kI sthiti hai| 'sva' kA yaha jJAna bAhara kI A~khoM se dekhane se nahIM milatA / bAhya A~kheM 'maiM' ko dekha hI nahIM sktiiN| ata: sAdhaka apanI Antarika A~khoM se 'maiM' ko dekhane-samajhane kA prayatna kare / eka bAra 'maiM ko samajha liyA ki bAhya viSayoM-kaSAyoM ke prati aruci paidA hogI jo sAdhaka ko zAnta rasa kA AsvAda lene meM sahAyaka hogii| jo sAdhaka Atma-sattA kI ora bar3hatA rahatA hai usameM samatA-bhAva jAgRta hotA jAtA hai| usake lie bhautika
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________________ 48 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA vastuoM kA mUlya samAna hotA hai arthAt sone kI miTTI aura giTTI meM use koI antara mahasUsa nahIM hotaa| usake lie donoM kA mUlya samAna hai| isa prakAra samatA bhAva kI jAgRti hI antima satya hai, yahI maulika tattva hai| sAdhaka jaba taka zarIra kI ora dekhatA hai, zarIra ko hI puSTa evaM dyuti-dIpta banAnA cAhatA hai, taba taka use videha-pada kI yAnI mokSa kI upalabdhi nahIM hotii| sAdhaka kA dhyeya zarIra ko nahIM AtmA ko puSTa banAnA hai / Atma-sattA kI sahI-sahI pahacAna, AtmA kA sahI-sahI jJAna hI mokSa hai| sAdhanA meM dRr3hatA kI bar3I AvazyakatA hai, mana kA maz2abUta honA bhI Avazyaka hai / AcAryazrI likhate haiM'sAdhaka kA svabhAva kA~Te kI taraha dRr3ha-kaThora honA cAhie / sukumAra phUloM ke saMga rahakara unake mulAyama sparza ko pAkara bhI kA~TA dRr3ha rahatA hai| usakI upAsanA ko coTa pahu~cane para bhI vaha apanI kaThoratA ko nahIM chodd'taa| sukumAra latikAe~ kA~ToM ko AliMgana dekara unako apanI sAdhanA se cyuta karane kA prayatna karatI haiM, parantu kA~ToM kA 'zIla' bhaMga nahIM hotA, ve rAgI (anurAgI) nahIM banate, una para skhalana kA koI dAg2a nahIM lgtaa| ata: 'rAga' nahIM, 'vairAgya' bhAva ko hI apanAnA hogA, jisase bhava-pAra huA jA sakatA hai / Asakti (rAga) sAdhaka meM 'mada' bhara kara usakA 'dama' to letI hai, aura vairAgya usameM 'dama' (zakti) bharakara use 'nirmada' (nirahaMkArI) banA detA hai' (pR. 99-102) / sAdhanA ke mArga para calane vAle AcAryazrI ne usakI kaThinatA evaM durgamatA ko ThIka-ThIka anubhava kiyA hai| sAdhanA patha kI kaThinatA ko dUra karane kI anubhUti bhI unhoMne pAI hai| isIlie to unhoMne isa mArga kI ora jAne vAle sAdhakoM ko atyanta AtmIyatApUrvaka sabhI bAteM samajhAne kI bharasaka koziza kI hai| 'mUkamATI' yaha mATI yA kumbha kI nahIM, sAdhaka ke sAdhanA-jIvana kI kahAnI hai, jo sAdha-dIkSA se lekara mokSa prApti taka phailI huI hai / sAdhaka ke sampUrNa jIvana kA lekhA-jokhA hai isameM / mokSa-prApti kI 'Asa' se vyAkula sArthaka paramparAgata mahAkAvya ke dhIrodAtta nAyaka se kama zreSTha nahIM hai| kaThora sAdhanA ke dvArA Atma-virodhI tattvoM se lar3ane vAlA sAdhaka bhI mahAkAvya kA nAyaka bana sakatA hai / kitanI saMgharSamaya hai usakI sAdhanA kI yaha kahAnI ! sAdhanA-mArga kI tamAma bArIkiyoM kA vistRta vivecana karanevAlA yaha kAvya isIlie 'mahAkAvya' hai / zrAvaka-jIvana ke Adarza 'mUkamATI' mukhyata: AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA mArga prazasta karane vAlI racanA hai| sAdhu-dIkSA grahaNa karane ke bAda hI sAdhanA zurU hotI hai / ata: 'mUkamATI' kA adhikAMza vivecana santa-sAdhuoM ke lie atyanta upayukta hai / jaina dharma ke caturvidha saMgha meM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kI saMkhyA sabase adhika hai| unakA jIvana bhI dharma ke mArga para agrasara ho, unake jIvana meM bhI dharma kI jAgRti ho, unakA AcaraNa bhI zuddha-sAttvika bane, isI uddezya se AcAryazrI ne 'mUkamATI' ke vivecana meM zrAvaka jIvana ke bahumUlya Adarza jagaha-jagaha batAe haiN| eka prakAra se sAdhanA mArga kI hI yaha pUrva taiyArI hai / jIvana ke ye Adarza zrAvakoM evaM zrAvikAoM ke lie bhI atyanta upayukta haiN| 'ahiMsA' jaina dharma kA paramazreSTha, mUlabhUta tattva hai, jisakI nIMva para hI jaina dharma kA tattvajJAna khar3A huA hai| apane ko jaina kahalAne vAle hara vyakti kA jIvana ahiMsAmaya hI honA cAhie / isalie isa maulika tattva kI ora AcAryazrI ne pAThakoM kA dhyAna khIMcA hai / 'mUkamATI' kI aneka paMktiyA~ ahiMsA-dharma kA udghoSa karatI haiN| kUpa se pAnI nikAlane kA hI prasaMga dekhie, jahA~ AcAryajI ne ahiMsA pAlana kI ora sabakA dhyAna khIMcA hai| kUpa meM bAlaTI chor3ate vakta khUba sAvadhAnI se, dhImI gati se kAma lene kI unhoMne hidAyata dI hai| pAnI meM sthita asaMkhya jIvoM kI hiMsA na ho, isakI ora dhyAna dilAyA hai| kevala pAnI nikAlane kA hI prasaMga nahIM varan hamAre sabhI vyavahAroM aura AcAroM meM hama sadaiva isa bAta kA smaraNa rakheM ki hamArI kRti se kisI jIva ko pIr3A na pahu~ce, jIva kI hatyA na ho / kArya kI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 49 asAvadhAnI se jIva-hiMsA kI sambhAvanA hai, jo ajAnate kyoM na ho, parantu karma-bandha kA kAraNa bana jAtI hai| samasta prANI-jagat ke prati dayA bhAva rakhanA hI sahI dharma hai / kahA bhI hai-'dhammo dayAvisuddho' (pR. 70) evaM 'dayA dharma kA mUla hai' (pR. 73) / kisI bhI kArya kA prArambha 'oMkAra' ke, mahAmantra navakAra' ke smaraNa se kiyA jaae| pratyakSa meM zarIra bhale hI kAma karatA huA dikhAI de, parantu apratyakSata: usake sAtha hamArA mana bhI kArya karatA rahatA hai / ata: oMkAra smaraNa se bhAva-zuddhi hotI hai jisase kArya karate vakta hiMsA-ahiMsA kA dhyAna rakhane meM hama sahaja sAvadhAna ho jAte haiN| vyAvahArika jIvana meM aneka prakAra ke vyavadhAna Ate hI rahate haiN| aneka bAra manuSya ina vyavadhAnoM-vyatyayoM se gar3abar3A jAtA hai| isa har3abar3I meM manuSya kA kAma karane kA hausalA parAsta ho jAtA hai| kArya adhUrA raha jAne kI bhI sambhAvanA rahatI hai / pariNAmata: kArya ke pUrNatva ke samAdhAna se manuSya vaMcita raha jAtA hai / AcAryazrI ne sUcita kiyA hai-'pratyeka vyavadhAna kA samAdhAna hokara sAmanA karanA antima samAdhAna ko pAnA hai|' kArya meM Ane vAle vighnoM se DaranA kyA ? vighnoM kA sAmanA karane se hI kArya-siddhi sambhava hai| - mAnava ke pAsa do prakAra kI zaktiyA~ hotI haiM- eka tana kI tathA dUsarI mana kii| 'tana kI zakti kaNa bhara kI hotI hai, maryAdita hotI hai, parantu mana kI zakti mana bhara kI hotI hai, amaryAdita hotI hai, ata: apanI mAnasika zakti ko pahacAnanA hogA / mAnasika zakti ke bala para hI saMsAra meM bar3e-bar3e kAma sampanna hue haiN| mAnava ke isa mana kI chA~va meM hI. mana ke Azraya meM hI mAna baDhatA hai. ahaMkAra palatA hai| isalie na-mana honA A zyaka hai, jisase manuSya namra banatA hai, namana karatA hai / namra mAnava meM badale kI-pratizodha kI bhAvanA nahIM rahatI / pratizodha kA bhAva dala-dala ke samAna hotA hai, jisameM hAthI bhI pha~sa jAtA hai / badale kA bhAva agni kI taraha hotA hai, jo tana ko to jalAtA hI hai, parantu bhava-bhava taka cetana ko bhI jalAtA hai| badale kA bhAva rAhu ke samAna hai, jisake gAla meM cetanarUpa tejasvI sUrya bhI apanA astitva kho detA hai / badale yA pratizodha kI bhAvanA mAnava ko hiMsaka banAtI hai, ata: manuSya ko isase sadaiva bacanA cAhie / badale kI bhAvanA manuSya kI mAnasika zakti ko durbala banA detI hai / saMsArIgRhastha-zrAvaka ko aisA koI virodhI bhAva apane mana meM praviSTa nahIM karanA hai, jisase mana kI zakti ghaTa jaae| ____ mana ke gulAma banane se bhI mana kI zakti kA hrAsa hotA hai / mana kA gulAma vyakti tana ke bhogoM meM vyasta rahatA hai| aise vyakti kI jo kAmavRtti hai, tAmasatA aura kAya-ratA hai, vahI sahI mAyane meM bhItarI kAyaratA hai / yaha bhItarI arthAt mana kI kAyaratA hI manuSya ko bhoga-lipta banA detI hai / isIlie manuSya ko akAya meM rata ho jAnA caahie| yaha kaThina avazya hai parantu prayatna-sAdhya hai / kAyA kI ora daur3ane vAle mana ko saMyama kI bAgaDora se kAbU meM lAne kA prayatna karanA cAhie, anyathA bhoga-lipta kAyA mana ko pUrNata: durbala banA degii| kisI ke prati jAne-anajAne bhUla huI ho, aparAdha huA ho to mAnava ko cAhie vaha usakI kSamA-yAcanA kre| kAraNa, kSamA vaha bhAva hai jo sAmane vAle ko saumya banA detA hai / kSamA vaha puTa hai jo krodha kI agni ko zAnta kara detA hai, jisase pratizodha kA bhAva naSTa ho jAtA hai / jaina dharma meM kSamAvalI/kSamAvANI kA vizeSa mahattva hai / paryuSaNa mahAparva kI kriyAoM meM antima aura sarvazreSTha kriyA 'khammAmi savva-jIvANaM' kI hotI hai / sampUrNa saMsAra se maitrI kA nAtA jor3ane tathA kisI bhI jIva ke sAtha vaira-bhAva na rakhane kI ucca kSamatA kSamA-bhAva meM nihita hai| 'kSamA mA~gane vAle ke anta: ke sabhI kaluSa ko dho DAlatI hai aura jisase kSamA mA~gI jAtI hai, use bhI pUrNata: apanatva ke nAte se jor3a dene kI kSamatA rakhatI hai / kSamA mA~ganA sAdhAraNa kRtya nahIM hai / aura dUsare ko kSamA karanA to mAnavatA kI uttuMga vedI hai| zrAvakoM meM paraspara prema, sadbhAva, bhAIcArA, mitratA evaM apanatva kA bhAva jagAne vAlI 'kSamA' mAnava ko jIvana ke
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________________ 50 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA paramocca zikhara para pahu~cA detI hai| vyAvahArika jagat meM to kSamA-bhAva kI aneka bAra AvazyakatA par3atI rahatI hai| jisane kSamA karane aura kSamA mA~gane ke bhAva ko apanAyA ho, usakA sAmAjika jIvana bhI atyanta sulabhatA se vyatIta hotA hai| manuSya ke sabhI avayavoM meM jIbha hI eka aisA avayava hai jo khAne aura bolane-donoM kriyAoM meM kAma karatI hai / ata: usa para kAbU pAnA, usako jItanA atyanta Avazyaka hai / khAte vakta jIbha- rasanA ko saMyamita na rakhane se khAyA huA amRta bhI viSa bana jAtA hai, anArogya kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai / ThIka usI taraha bolane meM bhI sAdhAraNa-sI g2alatI ho jAne para banA huA kAma bhI bigar3a jAtA hai / kaI bAra manuSya Aveza meM Akara aMTasaMTa bola detA hai, pariNAmata: vaha auroM kI naz2ara se gira jAtA hai| aisA vyakti sammAna kA pAtra bhI nahIM bana sktaa| isIlie AcAryazrI ne atyanta upayukta aisI sIkha zrAvakoM ko dI hai ki jo vyakti jIbha ko jItatA hai, usake sAre duHkha dUra ho jAte haiM aura usakA jIvana sukhamaya bItatA hai|" zarIra bhogya hone ke kAraNa use zAsana-niyantraNa meM hI rakhanA caahie| zarIra ko kisI kA zAsaka nahIM hone denA hai| zarIra para puruSa kA hI zAsana ho / puruSa guNoM kA puMja hone se tathA vaha saMvedaka-bhoktA hone ke kAraNa usI kI sampUrNa sattA zarIra para honI caahie| zarIra svayaM kucha nahIM karatA, vaha jo kucha karatA hai mana ke Adeza para hI karatA rahatA hai / ata: zarIra para zAsana kA matalaba hai mana para zAsana honA / jisane mana kI, cetana kI pahacAna kara lI, vaha mana kI zakti ke bala para zarIra ko apane zAsana meM rakha sakatA hai| kAyA kA sammAna karane vAlA vyakti bhoga ke paMka meM pha~sa jAtA hai| isIlie AcArya-kavi ne kahA hai : "cetana kI tuma/pahacAna karo...!/'''kAyA kA mata/sammAna karo !'' (pR. 128-29) / Aja saMsAra meM cAroM ora vaimanasya kI Aga phailI huI hai / mAnava hI mAnava ke khUna kA pyAsA bana gayA hai / aisI amAnavIya avasthA meM mAnava-jIvana sukha kI sA~sa nahIM le sakatA / mAnava-jIvana sukhI-sampanna bane, isalie AcAryakavi ne atyanta mUlyavAn sUcanA dekara mAnava ko sajaga kara diyA hai / ve kahate haiM-'mAnava apane jIvana ko raNa nahIM banAve arthAt baka-jhaka meM, kalaha-kleza meM vaha na pdd'e| mAnava sadaya banakara, sadAzaya dRSTi se vaha saMsAra para amRtamaya vaSTi kre| mAnava ko kevala 'sva' kA hI aMkana nahIM karanA hai varana 'para' kA bhI mUlyAMkana karanA hai| dasaroM kA bhI use dhyAna rakhanA hai' (pR. 149) / manuSya jaba dUsaroM kA bhI dhyAna rakhakara usakA sahI mUlyAMkana karane laga jAegA taba apane Apa 'sva' kA abhimAna gala jAegA / taba saMgharSa kA mUla hI nirmUla ho jaaegaa| __sAmAjika jIvana meM karuNA-bhAva atyanta Avazyaka hai / parantu kahAvata hai 'ati sarvatra vrjyet'| AcAryazrI ne karuNA kA z2ikra karate hue sundara udAharaNa se yahI samajhAyA hai ki--'karuNA kI ati bhI acchI nhiiN| khAda ke binA phasala nahIM lahalahAtI, parantu sirpha khAda meM hI bIja boe jAe~ to ve jala jaaeNge| mATI meM khAda-pAnI anupAta se DAla kara Upara hI Upara bIja bikhera dene para bhI ve aMkurita nahIM hoMge, jaba taka ki mATI kA hAtha una para nahIM hogaa| parantu mATI kA yaha bhAra bhI bIjoM para adhika par3a jAe to bIjoM kA dama ghuTa jAegA' (pR. 153-154) / karuNA ke bAre meM bhI yahI satya hai / dUra khar3e rahakara karuNa bhAva kA AlApa karanA, mAtra pradarzana hai| usase karuNA ke pAtra ko koI lAbha nahIM milegaa| ati sakriya karuNA se karuNA-pAtra daba jaaegaa| isalie maryAdita karuNA kA prayoga hI ThIka rahegA jo karuNApAtra ke sammAna ko banAe rakha skegaa| pArivArika jIvana evaM sAmAjika jIvana meM 'sahanazIlatA' guNa kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai / sahanazIlatA ke kAraNa saMgharSa ke aneka bIja sahaja hI naSTa ho jAe~ge / AcAryazrI ne isa guNa ko apanAne kI sIkha dete hue sAgara aura
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 51 dharatI ke svabhAva kA udAharaNa diyA hai / ativRSTi ke kAraNa dharatI kA vaibhava sAgara meM baha jAtA hai, isIlie sAgara 'ratnAkara' kahalAtA hai| dharatI kA vaibhava lUTa kara hI sAgara ne yaha sambodhana pAyA hai / dUsaroM kI sampadA lUTa kara saMgraha karanA moha-mUrchA hai, jisase nIca naraka-gati prApta hotI hai| manuSya ko lUTa kara nahIM varan parizrama karake hI Avazyaka sampadA prApta kara lenI caahie| isa lUTa para dharatI koI pratikAra nahIM karatI, kyoMki vaha sarva-sahA hai| 'sahanazIla honA hI sarvasva ko pAnA hai' (pR. 190) / dila meM dayA kA bhAva honA mAnavatA kI pahacAna hai| dayA ko dharma kA mUla mAnA hai| eka zAyara ne kahA hai agara tere pAsa dayA nahIM hai to samajha le tere pAsa dila hI nahIM hai / dila aura dayA kA aTUTa sambandha hai / AcAryazrI ne sIpa aura jala ke mArmika udAharaNa dvArA dayAbhAva kI mahattA spaSTa kara dI hai| sIpa kI sahAyatA se hI jala apanI jar3atA ko chor3a kara muktA-phala kA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai / jala patana ke garta se bacakara uttuMga sthAna para jAtA hai| jala ke isa uddhAra kA kAraNa sIpa kA dayA-bhAva hI hai / sIpa ne dayA dikhAkara hI jala-bindu ko motI banane meM sahAyatA dI / isI prakAra mAnava-jIvana meM kisI prANI kA uddhAra karanA dayA-dharma hai / yahI mAnava-jIvana kA mahAn karma hai| mAnava kA vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika jIvana sucAru rUpa se calatA rahe, isalie mAnava ko apanI maryAdA meM rahanA hogaa| sAmAjika sambandhoM ke jo taura-tarIke, AcaraNa-vyavahAra, paraspara lena-dena Adi ke kucha niyama hote haiM, unheM maryAdA-lakSmaNa rekhA kahA jAtA hai| hara vyakti ko isa lakSmaNa-rekhA ke bIca meM rahakara hI sAmAjika vyavahAra karane hoNge| AcAryajI isa viSaya meM hidAyata dete hae kahate haiM ki apanI maryAdA kA-lakSmaNa rekhA kA kabhI ullaMghana na karo: "lakSmaNa-rekhA kA ullaMghana/rAvaNa ho yA sItA/rAma hI kyoM na hoM/daNDita karegA hI !" (pR. 217) ___ Aja samAja meM dhana-saMgraha kI hor3a-sI lagI hai| hama saba dhana juTAne meM hI apanI sArI zakti kA vyaya kara rahe haiN| yaha saMgraha-vRtti saMgrahaNI roga kI taraha mAnavoM ko satA rahI hai / artha-lolupatA ke phera meM par3akara mAnava apanI sArI maryAdAoM ko lA~ghatA jA rahA hai| isI pravRtti ko dekhakara AcArya-kavi kahate haiM - 'artha-lolupatA kA tyAga kro| kAraNa, jo artha kI cAha meM pha~sA, vaha usake dAha se dagdha ho jaaegaa| jo artha ko hI prANa aura trANa samajhakara usameM mugdha hogA, taba samajhanA hogA ki use artha-nIti kA jJAna hI nahIM huaa|' jaina zrAvakoM ke lie jina pA~ca aNuvratoM ke pAlana kA dhamadiza hai usameM 'aparigraha' kA apanA vizeSa mahattva hai / isIlie AcAryajI ne artha-lolupatA kI nindA kI . sAdhu ko AhAra dete samaya dAtA-zrAvaka ko kisa taraha baratAva karanA cAhie, isakI sIkha dete hue AcAryazrI likhate haiM-'sAdhu ko AhAra dete samaya dAtA zrAvaka ko atyanta sAvadhAnI evaM viveka se kAma lenA cAhie / AhAra grahaNa karane ke lie pAtra se prArthanA kareM parantu usakA atireka na kreN| dAsatA dikhAe~ parantu udAsInatA na dikhAe~ / parihAsa rahita manda muskAna ho, utsAha-umaMga ho parantu utAvalI na kreN| vinaya se kAma leM parantu usameM dInatA kI gandha na ho / madhura svara se pAtra-sAdhu kA svAgata kreN| pAtra ke Thahara jAne para zrAvaka atyanta zraddhA-bhAva pUrvaka parivAra sahita unakI parikramA kara vandanA kareM' (pR. 319-321) / isI prakAra ke bhAvoM aura AcaraNa se AhAra-dAna karanA zrAvaka kA karma hai| adhika vistAra meM na par3akara AcAryazrI ne jo zrAvaka-dharma batAyA hai, use saMkSepa meM kahanA hI ucita hogA1. dUsare ko apanAnA, use apanatva pradAna karanA, apane se bhI use adhika samajhanA yahI sabhyatA hai / yahI prANI mAtra kA dharma hai| 2. bhoga hI roga kA kAraNa hai| nIrogatA ke lie bhoga tyAjya hai / Atma-kalyANa ke lie bhI bhoga varNya hai|
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________________ 52 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 3. sUryAsta kA samaya yoga kA hotA hai, kyoMki usa samaya suSumnA nAr3I kA udaya hotA hai| yoga ke samaya bhoga karanA zoka kA kAraNa hai| 4. ekAgra mana se mantra kA prayoga karane se hAthoMhAtha phala bhI sAmane AtA hai| 5. 'para' se 'sva' kI tulanA karanA parAbhava kA kAraNa hai, dInatA kA pratIka hai / jIvana meM santoSa prApti ke lie ahaMkAra ko chor3anA hogA / ahaMkAra tabhI chUTatA hai jaba 'para' aura 'sva' meM spardhA nahIM hogii| kumbha para aMkita zabda- 'maiM do galA' dvArA AcAryazrI 'maiM yAnI ahaMkAra ko 'do galA'--samApta kara dene kI sIkha dete haiN| 6. gurujanoM ko pravacana sunAnA du:khadAyaka hai, mahA ajJAna hai / choToM ko cAhie ki ve gurujanoM se guNa-grahaNa kareM, vahI ziva-patha hai / yadi prasaMga par3e to laghujanoM ko gurujana se miSTa vacana yuta pravacana sunanA, jo duHkha-dAha ko miTAtA hai| 7. svapna para vizvAsa rakhanA hAnikAraka hai, kyoMki ve prAyaH niSphala hote haiN| svapna svayaM nija-bhAva kA rakSaNa nahIM kara sakate to ve auroM ko kyA sahayoga deNge| svapna-dazA meM jAgRti ke sUtra chUTa jAte haiM jisase Atma sAkSAtkAra sambhava nahIM hotaa| 8. nirbalajanoM ko satAne se nahIM, bala-sambala dekara bacAne se hI balavAnoM kA bala sArthaka hotA hai / 9. kisI vyakti kI pahacAna usake zarIra se nahIM hotii| usake hRdaya ko chUkara hI usakI mRdutA-kaThoratA kA patA laga sakatA hai| (sAmAjika jIvana meM yaha eka atyanta upayukta sIkha hai|) 10. bhagavAn kI pUjA ke samaya pUrNa bhakti-bhAva honA caahie| kisI sAMsArika pralobhana kI icchA nahIM honI caahie| icchA kevala eka mAtra ho- 'bandha se mukti' / 11. mantra na hI acchA hotA hai, na hI burA / acchA-burA apanA mana hotA hai| sthira mana hI mahA-mantra hai, asthira mana pApa-tantra hai / sthira mana hI sukha kI sIr3hI hai aura asthira mana duHkha kii| 12. putra ko janma dekara use duniyA ke sAmane prastuta karane mAtra se mAtA kA satItva sArthaka nahIM hotA / putra kI ___ suSupta zakti ko sat-saMskAroM se saceta aura sazakta-sAkAra karanA hI usakA kartavya hotA hai| kahA~ taka gineM ina ratnoM ko ! jIvana ko sukhI-sampanna banAne vAle aise asaMkhya pada isa racanA meM bhare par3e haiN| sUktiyoM aura sUcanAoM kA yaha 'ratnAkara' hai jisake avagAhana se mAnava-jIvana prasanna ho jAegA / AcAryazrI kI sAmAjika dRSTi kitanI painI hai, isakA aMdAz2a inase lagAyA jA sakatA hai| aise mahAsAgara ko isIlie to mahAkAvya' kahane meM koI AzaMkA nahIM honI caahie| sAmAjika sthiti kA vAstavavAdI citraNa 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM AcAryazrI ne vartamAna sAmAjika sthiti kA bhI vAstavavAdI yathArtha citra khIMcA hai| samAja kI gatividhiyoM para mArmika TIkA-TippaNI kara usake sahI rUpa para paryApta prakAza DAlA hai / agaNita mAnakoM se bharA huA yaha samAja kitanA mAnavatAhIna bana gayA hai, isakA hU-bahU citra yahA~ dekhane ko milatA hai / Upara se AdhunikatA kA bAnA pahanA huA yaha samAja andara se kitanA khokhalA-polA hai, buddhivAda kA nArA lagAte hue buddhi ke bala para calane vAlA yaha kitanA bhAva-zUnya evaM hRdaya-hIna banA huA hai, isakA sahI-sahI citra yahA~ khIMcA hai| vartamAna AtaMkavAda ke krUra-pAzavI kAranAmoM kA bhI yahA~ darzana hotA hai| samAja kI adhogati para AcAryajI ne karArA AghAta karate hue usake svastha-pragata-unnata svarUpa ke nirmANa ke kucha upAya bhI batAe haiN| isa racanA kA yaha tIsarA viSaya bhI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 53 atyanta cintanazIla hai / dekhie isa citra ke katipaya raMga : "anta samaya meM/apanI hI jAti kAma AtI hai/zeSa saba darzaka rahate haiM dArzanika banakara !/aura/vijAti kA kyA vizvAsa/Aja zvAsa-zvAsa para vizvAsa kA zvAsa ghuTatA-sA/dekhA jA rahA hai" pratyakSa !"(pR. 72) . AcAryazrI ke isa kathana meM kitanI saccAI hai, isakA anubhava hama pratyakSa kara hI rahe haiM / jAtIyatA ko naSTa karane ke nAre kAfI lagAe jAte haiM, parantu vaha naSTa hone ke bajAya dina-dina bar3hatI hI jAtI hai| jAti-jAti meM paraspara sauhArdatA kI bhAvanA kahIM dikhAI nahIM detii| vijAti kA koI bharosA nahIM rahA / jahA~-tahA~ avizvAsa hI bharA huA hai| vizvAsa kA dama ghuTatA jA rahA hai| aisI hAlata meM anta samaya meM jAti ke loga hI sahAyatA ke lie daur3e AeMge na ki vijAti ke, yaha kaTu satya hai| 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' ke Dhola bhI khUba pITe jA rahe haiN| hama saba bhAI-bhAI haiM' se vAtAvaraNa gUMja uThA hai, parantu pratyakSa meM sthiti viparIta hai| yahA~ 'eka kuTumba - eka parivAra' kI aikya-bhAvanA hI naSTa ho gayI hai| Aja svArtha kA bolabAlA hai / yahA~ bhAI hI bhAI kA duzmana banakara use samApta karane para utArU ho gayA hai / kavijI likhate haiM : " "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam"/isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai/vasu yAnI dhana-dravya dhA yAnI dhAraNa karanA/Aja/dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kA / " (pR. 82) dhana ko hI jIvana meM prAdhAnya dene se mAnava apanI mAnavatA ko hI bhUla gayA hai / dhana-lipsA ke kAraNa 'mAnavatA se dAnavattA calI gaI hai|' yaha prazna AcAryazrI ko pUchanA par3A hai / ve likhate haiM : "kyA isa samaya mAnavatA/pUrNata: marI hai ?/kyA yahA~ para dAnavatA A ubharI hai ?/laga rahA hai ki/mAnavatA se dAnavattA kahIM calI gayI hai ?/... 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam'/isa vyaktitva kA darzana svAda-mahasUsa/ina A~khoM ko/sulabha nahIM rahA aba"!" (pR. 81-82) uparyukta paMktiyoM meM hama dekha sakate haiM ki dhana-lolupatA ne mAnava ko dAnava banAyA hai| usakI dAna-vRtti hI naSTa ho gayI hai / ekAtmatA kI bhAvanA ke darzana kahIM nahIM hote / isa udgAra ke pIche AcAryazrI kI Antarika chaTapaTAhaTa kI pIr3A ke darzana hote haiN| Aja kA vizva zikSita hai, zAstra ko par3hatA hai, dekhatA hai| Izvara para vizvAsa bhI rakhatA hai| parantu Izvara kA jo asara isa para hotA hai vaha sirpha 'sara' (mastiSka) taka hI hotA hai, antaH (hRdaya) meM nahIM utrtaa| isI kAraNa Aja kA vizva buddhivAdI bana gayA hai jo sirpha buddhi kI socatA hai, hRdaya kI nahIM; dimAg2a kI socatA hai, dila kI nhiiN| pariNAmata: dayA, karuNA, prema, AtmIyatA Adi guNa naSTa hote jA rahe haiM aura unake sthAna para svArtha, lipsA, moha, Asakti Adi durguNa A baiThe haiN| Aja kA mAnava caraNa ke nahIM, sara (buddhi) ke bala para daur3atA hai| Aja bhI bhagavAn AdinAthajI (RSabhadevajI) dvArA pradarzita patha kA abhAva nahIM hai / Aja kA mAnava usa patha kI carcA bhI khUba karatA hai, usake bakhAna karatA hai,
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________________ 54 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA usake gIta bhI gAtA hai, parantu usa patha para vaha khuda calatA nahIM hai / Aja kA manuSya dharma-tattvoM kI carcA khUba karatA hai, unakI upAdeyatA bhI siddha karatA hai, parantu unheM apane jIvana meM nahIM utAratA, una para amala nahIM krtaa| Aja usa patha ko dikhAne vAloM ko patha hI nahIM dikha rahA hai| kAraNa, patha-pradarzaka khuda usa para nahIM calate, ve sirpha dUsaroM ko usa para calAnA cAhate haiN| dhArmika viSayoM para vyAkhyAna karane vAle niSkriya vaktAoM ke sahI svarUpa kA yaha hai pardA-phAza / kitanA sahI citra hai yaha (p.151-152)| 63 aura 36 kI saMkhyAoM ko lekara AcAryazrI ne sAmAjika udbodhana ke sAtha 363 saMkhyA kA gambhIra artha prastuta kara apanI Antarika vyathA udghATita kI hai / 36 kA aMka pArasparika kalaha-saMgharSa ko vyakta karatA hai| isake Age eka aura tIna jur3a jAne para 363 matoM kA udbhava hotA hai, jisase samAja meM paraspara vidroha chir3a jAtA hai| loga eka-dUsare ke khUna ke pyAse bana jAte haiM / AcAryazrI kI Antarika vyathA-vedanA yahI hai ki aise vidrohiyoM kI saMkhyA Aja ke samAja meM bar3ha gayI hai / samAja meM pArasparika saMgaThana nahIM, apanatva-AtmIyatA nahIM, bhAI-cArA nahIM - yahI hai Aja ke samAja kA vidAraka citra / isa sthiti ko dekhakara kavi-hRdaya chaTapaTA uThA hai aura prazna pUchatA hai : / "aba ziSTatA kahA~ hai vaha ?/avaziSTatA duSTatA kI rahI mAtra / " (pR. 212) 'hI' aura 'bhI' ina do bIjAkSaroM ko lekara AcAryazrI ne Aja ke samAja kI pola khola dI hai / ve kahate haiM'hI' pazcimI sabhyatA hai, bhI' bhAratIya saMskRti-bhAgyavidhAtA hai| 'hI' rAvaNa hai, 'bhI' rAma hai| 'ho' ke AsapAsa bhIr3a bhale jamA ho, parantu 'bhI' lokatantra kI rIr3ha hai| 'bhI' se mAnava kI svacchandatA, madAndhatA miTatI hai / sadvicAra aura sadAcAra ke bIja 'bhI' meM hote haiM, 'hI' meM nhiiN|' kathana ke anta meM kavijI prabhu se prArthanA karate haiM ki 'jagat meM 'ho' miTa jAe aura 'bhI' kI pratiSThA ho' (pR. 172-173) / 'hI' aura 'bhI' hamArI bhASA ke ye do zabda haiM jinakA prayoga hama bolacAla meM karate rahate haiN| 'hI' zabda meM svArtha, ghamaNDa, akkhar3a Adi saba durguNa bhare haiM aura 'bhI' meM apanatva, melajola Adi guNa haiN| 'maiM hI hU~' isa kathana meM kevala apane hI hone kA ahaMkAra hai aura maiM bhI hU~' isa kathana meM saba ke sAtha hone kA pyAra-bharA bhAva nihita hai| Aja ke vizva meM 'hI' kI pradhAnatA hai, 'bhI' daba-sA gayA hai| ataeva manuSya 'hI' kA prayoga karanA chor3a de arthAt apane svArtha, ahaMkAra ko chor3a de aura bhI' kA prayoga kare, sabake sAtha milajula kara rahane kA saMkalpa kare / samAja meM paraspara prema, melajola ho-yahI AcAryazrI kI bhAvanA hai / ve kahate " 'hI' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai 'bhI' anekAnta, syAdvAda kA prtiik|" (pR. 172) jaina dharma ke anekAntavAda-syAdvAda ko atyanta samartha udAharaNa se samajhA diyA hai / Aja vizva ko 'hI' kA nahIM, 'bhI' kA prayoga karanA hai| Aja ke vizva meM vaiSayikatA adhika bar3ha gayI hai / yaha kali-kAla kA prabhAva hai / vaiSayikatA kI tRpti ke lie saMsAra ne vaizyavRtti svIkAra kara lI hai| dhana ko juTAnA aura bhoga ko bhoganA hI vizva ne sIkhA hai / parantu yaha vaizyavRtti nahIM hai, vezyAvRtti hai yaha to / AcAryazrI likhate haiM : "kali-kAla kI vaiSayika chA~va meM/prAya: yahI sIkhA hai isa vizva ne vaizyavRtti ke pariveza meM/vezyAvRtti kI vaiyAvRtya'!" (pR. 217)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 55 Aja kI rAjanIti meM nyAya nahIM rahA hai| dhana-lolupa nyAya-dAtA bhI bhraSTAcArI ho gae haiN| dhanavAn loga dhana ke bala para aparAdhI hokara bhI chUTa jAte haiM aura sAdhAraNa-jana piTe jAte haiM, jo vAstava meM niraparAdha hote haiN| nyAya-dAna kI bhraSTa nIti ke silasile meM AcAryazrI likhate haiM : "prAya: aparAdhI-jana baca jAte/niraparAdha hI piTa jAte, aura unheM/pITate-pITate TUTatI hama |/ise hama gaNatantra kaise kaheM ? yaha to zuddha 'dhanatantra' hai/yA/manamAnA 'tantra' hai !" (pR. 271) Aja nyAya ke kSetra meM bhI manamAnI ho gayI / gaNatantra vyavasthA nAma-mAtra kI raha gayI hai| kitanI kharI-kharI bAta kahI hai kavi ne! ___ Aja AtaMkavAdiyoM ke jhUThe-nRzaMsa kAranAme hama akhabAra meM roz2a par3hate haiN| yaha AtaMkavAda kahA~ se AyA ? kyoM AyA hai ? atyanta saMkSipta zabdoM meM AcAryazrI ne AtaMkavAda kA sahI svarUpa spaSTa kiyA hai : "mAna ko TIsa pahuMcane se hI/AtaMkavAda kA avatAra hotA hai| - ati-poSaNa yA ati-zoSaNa kA bhI/yahI pariNAma hotA hai|" (pR. 418) 'AtaMkavAda mAnava ko pAgala banA detA hai / taba usameM zodha kI nahIM, pratizodha kI bhAvanA balavatI hotI hai, jo dUsaroM ke lie hI nahIM apane lie bhI ghAtaka hotI hai| badale kI bhAvanA se bharapUra bharA vyakti apanA svatantra dala khar3A kara AkramaNa kI taiyArI karatA hai / AtaMkavAdiyoM meM bhI asantuSTa dala paidA hotA hai jo AkramaNa ko anyAya-asabhyatA kahakara virodha karatA hai / yaha dala mAnane lagatA hai ki yaha to nyAya kI vedI para anyAya kA tANDava hai / yaha dala AkramaNakAriyoM ko samajhadArI kI bAteM sunAne lagatA hai, parantu ahaMkAriyoM ke gale se samajhadArI kI bAteM nahIM utaratIM, pratyuta unakA krodha, kSobha rAvaNa kI taraha ati kruddha ho jAtA hai / ubalate tela ke kaDhAva meM zItala jala kI cAra-pA~ca bUMdoM kA bhalA kyA asara hogA!' atyanta nape-tule zabdoM meM AcAryazrI ne AtaMkavAda kA jIvanta citra prastuta kiyA hai| dhana evaM sattA ke pipAsuoM ne hI AtaMkavAda ko janma diyA hai / kahIM ina AtatAyiyoM ko dhana dekara ukasAyA gayA to kahIM garIboM kA atyanta zoSaNa kara unheM AtaMkavAdI banAyA gyaa| aparAdhI ko prANa-daNDa denA cAhie yA nahIM, isa viSaya para vaicArikoM meM mata-matAntara calate hI rahate haiN| vizva bhara ke dezoM meM isa para kAfI bahasa hotI rahI hai / kahIM prANa-daNDa ko nRzaMsa-kRtya mAnA gayA hai to kahIM sAdhAraNa se gunAha ke lie aparAdhI ko prANa-daNDa diyA jAtA hai / AcAryazrI ne isa viSaya ko lekara apane vicAra prastuta karate hue kahA hai-'prANa-daNDa se auroM ko to zikSA milatI hai, parantu jisako daNDa diyA jAtA hai use unnati kA avasara hI nahIM milatA / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki krUra aparAdhI ko krUratA se daNDita karanA bhI eka aparAdha hai, nyAya-mArga se cyuta honA hai|' kaThina viSaya para bhI saMkSipta zabdoM meM apane asarakArI-mArmika vicAra prastuta karane kI AcAryazrI kI zailI bejor3a hai| pada-dalitoM ke uddhAra kI bAteM Aja deza meM cala rahI haiN| uddhAra ke nAma para aneka yojanAe~ bhI kAryAnvita kI gayI haiN| nIca ko ucca banAne ke aneka upAya sujhAe jA rahe haiN| phira bhI sthita meM vizeSa sudhAra najara nahIM aataa| isa para kAragara upAya sujhAte hue AcAryazrI likhate haiM- 'kevala zArIrika, Arthika evaM zaikSaNika sahayoga dene se nIca ucca nahIM bana sktaa| usake lie sAttvika saMskAra kA honA Avazyaka hai|' Aja duHkha isI bAta kA hai ki nIca to kyA = se bhI gAnnita saMskAroM me mamkArita nahIM kiyA jAtA / akhabAroM meM Ae dina jo khabareM hama par3hate haiM usase
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________________ 56 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sAbita hotA hai ki Aja samAja meM saMskRti' nAmaka cIz2a hI nahIM rahI hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM pANigrahaNa saMskAra ko dhArmika saMskRti kA saMrakSaka evaM unnAyaka mAnA hai, parantu lobhIpApI mAnava isa pavitra saMskAra ko prANa-grahaNa kA rUpa dete haiN| daheja tathA anya kAraNoM ke bahAne Aja samAja meM aneka bahuoM ko mauta ke ghATa utArA jA rahA hai / kahIM unheM jindA jalAyA jAtA hai aura kahIM kue~ meM Dhakela diyA jAtA hai / vivAha saMskAra ina bahuoM ke lie saMrakSaka nahIM varan bhakSaka bana gayA hai| aneka janmoM kA yaha pAvana sambandha aba lenadena kA vyAvasAyika rUpa grahaNa karatA jA rahA hai| samAja kI isa vidAraka sthiti se kavi ko kheda hotA hai| __ apane ko manu kI santAna samajhanevAlA mahAmanA mAnava, mAnava ke hI sAtha krUra baratAva kara rahA hai| sevakoM se kasakara kAma liyA jAtA hai parantu unheM ucita vetana bhI nahIM diyA jAtA / paise dene kA nAma sunate hI inake hAthoM meM pakSAghAta ke lakSaNa dikhane lagate haiM aura jo kucha bhI dete haiM vaha durbhAvanA ke sAtha dete haiM, jo pAne vAle ko pacatA nhiiN| isa nindya vyavahAra ko dekhakara AcAryajI kahate haiM-'sUkhA pralobhana mata do|svaashrit jIvana jiyo| kapaTatA-vizvAsaghAta ko tilAMjalI do / zAlInatA se baratAva karo / udAra anta:karaNa se dUsaroM kA duHkha haraNa kro|' Aja samAja meM dharma kA kSetra bhI pavitra-pAvana-zuddha nahIM rahA hai / dharma ke nAma para aneka lar3AiyoM ke varNana se itihAsa bharA par3A hai| alaga-alaga dharma to paraspara lar3ate hI haiM, parantu eka hI bhagavAn kI jaya-jayakAra karane vAle dharma bhI ApasI phUTa evaM sAmpradAyikatA ke kAraNa Apasa meM lar3a rahe haiN| 'maz2ahaba nahIM sikhAtA Apasa meM baira rakhanA' yaha kevala kavi-ukti hI raha gaI hai| AcAryazrI ne isa viSaya para do hI paMktiyoM meM vicAra prakaTa karate hue likhA hai : "dharma kA jhaNDA bhI/DaNDA bana jAtA hai zAstra zastra bana jAtA hai/avasara pAkara !" (pR. 73) isa prakAra AcAryazrI ne isa racanA meM samAja ke vividha aMgoM para apane vicAra atyanta prakharatA se prastuta kie haiN| samAja kA sarvAMgINa nirIkSaNa kara, doSoM ko nikAla pheMkane aura samAja unnata bane, isa bhAvanA se unhoMne samAja ko saceta-jAgRta kiyA hai / yahA~ to kevala kucha hI viSayoM kI carcA kI hai, parantu 'mUkamATI' meM AcAryajI ne aneka viSayoM para likhA hai / samUce samAja kA anta: evaM bAhya vizAla citra prastuta kiyA hai / isIlie to isa racanA ko 'mahAkAvya' kahane meM koI etarAja nahIM honA caahie| 'mUkamATI' kI zailIgata vizeSatAe~ pAtra isa racanA meM zilpI (kumbhakAra) aura seThajI ye hI do mAnava pAtra haiM, bAkI sabhI pAtra mUka vastue~ mAtra haiN| nirjIva pAtroM kI saMkhyA bhI kAfI hai| kavi ne vastuoM kI upayogitAoM ke anurUpa hI unake svabhAva kI kalpanA kara unheM sajIva-sA banA diyA hai / mUka vastuoM kI kAyA meM praveza kara unakI vedanA, kSobha, Ananda Adi bhAvoM ko svara diyA hai, jisase unakI nirjIvatA tirohita hokara ve jIvanta pAtra bana gae haiN| ina nirjIva pAtroM ke vArtAlApa ke mAdhyama se AcAryajI ne mAnavIya svabhAva, guNa-doSa, pravRttiyoM Adi kA vizleSaNa kiyA hai| inhIM pAtroM ke mAdhyama se jIvanadarzana kI abhivyakti huI hai| para-kAyA praveza atyanta dustara karma hai jo pratibhAsampanna kavi hI kara sakatA hai, jisakI nirIkSaNa-zakti atyanta gambhIra hotI hai| vArtAlApa nATakIya DhaMga kA vArtAlApa isa racanA kI sabase zreSTha vizeSatA hai / vArtAlApa atyanta cuTIlA, mArmika evaM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 57 hRdayagrAhI bana par3A hai / apane vicAroM evaM bhAvoM kI adhikAMza abhivyakti kavijI ne pAtroM ke paraspara vArtAlApa dvArA hI kI hai| AdhyAtmika sAdhanA-mArga' jaisA kaThina viSaya bhI pAtroM kI caTapaTI vAkcAturI ke kAraNa manoraMjaka ke sAtha hI hRdayasparzI bhI ho gayA hai / vArtAlApa itanA prabhAvI aura pravAhI banA hai ki pAThaka usake bahAva meM bahatA hI jAtA hai| adhyAtma, jIvana-darzana jaisA gambhIra viSaya bhI rocaka evaM talasparzI ho gayA hai| AcAryajI ne kahIM bhI dArzanika kI pIThikA para ArUr3ha ho kara upadezAtmakatA kA sahArA nahIM liyA hai, jisase sampUrNa racanA meM eka bhI aisA sthAna nahIM hai jahA~ pAThaka Uba jaaeN| kisI racanA ko par3hate samaya, 'Age kyA hai'- yaha jAna lene kI tIvra utsukatA pAThakoM meM barAbara banI rahe, yaha usa racanA kI saphalatA kA dyotaka hai| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM pAThakoM ko prArambha se anta taka khIMca lene kI kSamatA zata-pratizata siddha huI hai aura isakA adhikAMza zreya vArtAlApa-saMvAda ko hI hai / vArtAlApa ke kAraNa hI sampUrNa racanA kA kathya mAnoM pratyakSa raMgamaMca para khelA jA rahA hai, jise pAThaka sirpha par3hatA hI nahIM varan A~khoM se dekhatA bhI hai| bhASA-zailI 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM g2ajaba kI zabda-camatkRti hai| camatkAra kA kamAla ho gayA hai| zabdoM kA sarvasAmAnya kozagata-artha to hai hI, parantu usake andara chipe hue nae-nae arthoM ko udghATita kara AcArya-kavijI ne unheM vyAkaraNa-sammata mAnyatA bhI prApta karA dI hai| sarvasAdhAraNa bolacAla kI bhASA ke zabdoM ko nae bhAvoM se sArtha banA kara unase pAramArthika bhAva vyaMjita kie haiN| zabdoM ke bhAvoM ko navIna udbhAvanAoM ke sAtha prastuta karake camatkRti ke sAtha hI sAtha unameM se mArmika evaM tarka-saMgata artha nikAlA hai / AcAryazrI kA zabda-saMgraha mAnoM apane DhaMga kA eka nayA hI zabdakoza hai jisase navIna arthoM kI udbhAvanA huI hai / zabdoM kI racanA meM 'laya' kA prAdhAnya hone se mukta chandAtmaka racanA bhI 'geya'-sI ho gaI hai| pAThaka 'laya' kI isI dhuna se mugdha hokara lagAtAra par3hatA hI jAtA hai| aneka sthala to aise bana par3e haiM ki unheM bAra-bAra duharAne para pAThaka majabUra ho jAtA hai / apanI anubhUti ko vyakta karane ke lie AcAryazrI ko kahIM bhI zabda-yojanA kA vicAra nahIM karanA par3A hai varan zabda hI mAnoM hAtha jor3a kara sadhe hue sainika kI taraha cupacApa unake bhAvoM kA anusaraNa karate rahe haiN| zabdoM ke pIche bhAva nahIM, bhAvoM ke pIche zabda daur3ate hue Ate haiM aura apanI jagaha le lete haiN| loka-jIvana ke asaMkhya muhAvaroM, lokoktiyoM aura sUktiyoM kI itanI bharamAra hai ki yaha racanA mAnoM muhAvarA-koza yA sUkti-sAgara bana gayA hai / bhASA para itanA z2abaradasta prabhAva aura bhASA-zailI kA aisA anokhA ThATha anyatra kama hI dekhane ko milatA hai| nArI ke prati dRSTikoNa AcAryazrI ne eka ora 'strI ke cuMgala meM phaMse dussaha duHkha se kabhI dUra nahIM hote' likha kara sAdhanA -kSetra meM nArI ko bAdhaka mAna kara bhI dUsarI ora usake guNoM kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai / strI ke lie nArI, abalA, mahilA, duhitA Adi aneka zabda prayukta kie jAte haiN| kavijI ne ina zabdoM ke navIna bhAvArtha dekara strI samAja kI udAratA, sahana-zIlatA, kartavyaparAyaNatA, sahiSNutA, zAlInatA Adi guNoM kA bakhAna kara use yathocita sammAna kA sthAna pradAna kiyA hai| puruSa kI prakRti (nArI) ke sAtha premapUrNa baratAva karane kI sIkha bhI dI hai| banUThI kalpanAe~ __ kAvya meM bhAva tattva aura vicAra tattva ke sAtha hI sAtha kalpanA tattva kI bhI pradhAnatA hotI hai / ise hI kavi kA kalpanA-vilAsa kahate haiN| kalpanA tattva ke dvArA hI kavi kA cintana, manana, nirIkSaNa Adi kitanA sUkSma aura gahana-gambhIra hai, isakA patA cala jAtA hai / kalpanA zakti ke bala para hI kavi aneka kalpanA-vizvoM kA nirmANa
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________________ 58 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA karatA hai, jo usake bhAva vizva kI abhivyakti meM sahAyaka hote haiN| isIlie to kahA jAtA hai : 'jo na dekhe ravi, vaha dekhe kavi' / 'mUkamATI' ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki AcArya-kavi kA kalpanA jagat kitanA vizAla, gaharA aura uttuMga hai / kalpanA-vilAsa ke kucha dRzya dekhie : 1. ativRSTi se dharatI kI sampadA sAgara meM baha jAtI hai| isalie sAgara 'ratnAkara' ho gayA hai aura dharatI 'dharA' hI raha gaI / dUsaroM kI sampadA lUTanA buddhihInatA hai, isalie to 'jaladhi' 'jar3a-dhI' arthAt buddha ho gayA hai| 2. sUrya kI prakharatA se sAgara kA jala sUkha jAtA hai| yaha sUrya kI nyAyaparakatA hai| sUkhA jala jalada (bAdala) ke rUpa meM sUrya kI ora jAtA hai, mAno use ghUsa detA hai / 3. varSA ke kAraNa vasudhA kI 'sudhA' sAgara meM ekatrita hokara jalada ke dvArA candramA kI ora preSita hotI hai, isIlie vaha 'sudhAkara' ho gayA hai| becAre sAgara ko sirpha kSAra hI milatA hai / candramA ko isa bAta kI lajjA AtI hai, tabhI to vaha kalaMkita ho gayA aura dina meM nahIM, rAtri meM luka-chipa kara AtA hai / use dekha kara sAgara kSubdha hokara umar3a par3atA hai| prakRti meM nirantara calanevAlI isa svAbhAvika kriyA kA kitanA anUThA artha nikAlA hai / isa anUThe arthadvArA AcAryazrI ne mAnavIya jIvana kI vAstavikatA ko udghATita kiyA hai : "yaha kaTu satya hai ki / artha kI A~kheM / paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatIM artha kI lipsA ne / bar3oM-bar3oM ko nirlajja banAyA hai / " (pR. 192) 4. sIpa yaha dharatI kA hI aMza hai| dharatI mA~ isa aMza ko prazikSita kara sAgara meM bheja detI hai| yahI sIpa jala ko muktA - phala ke rUpa meM parivartita kara mAnoM use nayA vaibhava sampanna jIvana detI hai / patana ke garta se uThAkara jala ko gauravapUrNa uttuMga sthAna para biThA detI hai / nisarga kI isa svAbhAvika kriyA ko AcAryazrI ne 'sahI dayA dharma' aura 'jIvana kA karma' kahA hai| sAtha hI mAnava ko 'dayA dharma kA mUla hai' isa kartavya kA bhAna karAyA hai| 5. sAgara ke jala para aneka zuktiyA~ - sIpeM jala kaNoM kI pratIkSA meM tairatI rahatI haiN| jaise hI unameM do-eka bU~deM giratI haiM, ve banda ho jAtI haiN| kAlAntara meM unameM motI taiyAra hote haiN| sAgara una zuktiyoM ko banda hote hI apane andara DubA detA hai, andara hI chupA detA hai aura unakI rakSA ke lie sarpoM, magaramacchoM aura viSadhara-ajagaroM kI bar3I fauja niyukta kara detA hai| dharatI ke isa upakAra ke badale meM kRtaghnA jala, jala uThatA hai, jo bAdala ke rUpa meM ativRSTi kara dharatI para dala-dala paidA kara detA hai / dhanavAn banA sAgara svArthasiddhi evaM prasiddhi ke lie kitanA anartha DhAtA hai| AcAryajI yahA~ dhana lipsA kI vRtti ko dhikkAra karate haiM / 6. kumbha kharIdate vakta use kaMkara se bajA-bajA kara parakhane kI eka svAbhAvika paddhati hai / AcAryajI isa kriyA se bhI anokhA artha nikAlate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki kumbha se 'sA re ga ma''pa' M"dha M'ni'-ye sAta svara nikalate haiM / ina svaroM kA anUThI kalpanA dvArA artha bhI ve lagAte haiM : "sAregama yAnI / sabhI prakAra ke du:kha / pa dha yAnI ! pada - - svabhAva / aura / ni yAnI nahIM,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 59 du:kha AtmA kA svabhAva-dharma nahIM ho sakatA, moha-karma se prabhAvita AtmA kA/vibhAva-pariNamana mAtra hai vaha / " (pR. 305) 7. rAste se calate samaya idhara-udhara dRSTi daur3Ate calanA phUhar3apana hai / saMyata sAdhu vinIta dRSTi se calate haiN| sAdhuoM ke vinIta dRSTi hokara calane para bhI AcAryajI ne anUThI kalpanA kI hai ki jaba A~kheM AtI haiM to duHkha detI haiM, aba A~kheM jAtI haiM to duHkha detI haiM, jaba A~kheM lagatI haiM to duHkha detI haiN| ye A~kheM duHkha kI khAna haiM, sukha kI nAzaka haiM, ata: sAdhujana ina para vizvAsa nahIM karate aura nIce jhukakara calate haiN| 'mUkamATI' kA mahAkAvyatva cAra sau aThAsI pRSThoM ke pradIrgha vistAra meM phailA huA mahAkAvya hone se 'mUkamATI' ko mahAkAvya kahA jA sakatA hai, parantu kevala vizAla kAyA hI isake mahAkAvya hone kI kasauTI nahIM hai| 'mUkamATI' meM kAvyazAstra praNIta bhAva, vicAra, kalpanA evaM zailI - ina tattvoM kA Atyantika vistAra evaM U~cAI hone se bhI yaha mahAkAvya kI koTi meM A jAtA hai| ___'mUkamATI' AdhyAtmika vicAroM evaM anUThI kalpanAoM kA mahAnagara hai / mokSa prApti kI icchA se sAdhanA ke patha para calanevAle mumukSu ke jIvana kA atha se iti taka kA sampUrNa lekhA-jokhA isameM hai / sAdhanA mArga ko prakAzita karane vAlA yaha 'dIpa-stambha' hai| jaina dharma ke sabhI AgamoM kA sAra isameM samAyA huA hai| 'mUkamATI' kA zailI tattva bhI atyanta manohArI, mArmika evaM manoraMjaka hai| rocakatA, mArmikatA, gatizIlatA, nATyamayatA Adi guNa-ratnoM se bharA yaha ratnAkara' hai| pAThaka ke mana ko prasanna, praphullita evaM Anandamaya sUktiyoM kA yaha 'sudhAkara' hai| gRhasthAzramI ke jIvana ko prabhAvita kara unheM mAnavatA ke mArga para calane kI hRdayasparzI cetanA denevAlI sUktiyoM kA yaha bhaNDAra' hai / unheM Adarza AcaraNa kI paddhati sikhAnevAlA yaha 'jIvana darzana' hai| 'mUkamATI' ko kAvyazAstra ke paramparAgata niyamoM evaM lakSaNoM ke caukhaTe meM hI dekhane ke AgrahI bhale hI isake mahAkAvya zabda ko dekha kara nAka-bhauM sikor3ate raheM, parantu isameM koI zaMkA nahIM ki 'mUkamATI' bhavya zAna lie apane DhaMga kA aura apane alaga ThATha kA 'mahAkAvya' hai| 'mUkamATI' : hindI kavitA kI abhinava vidhA kI paricAyaka racanA ___DaoN. baccUlAla avasthI 'jJAna' munivara vidyAsAgarajI kI kRti 'mUkamATI' maiMne dekhii| munijI ne navIna zailI kA hindI meM camatkArI AviSkAra kiyA hai jo yamaka-bahula hai / isameM hindI kavitA kI abhinava vidhA kA paricaya milatA hai / isa dhArA meM abhI kArya kI apekSA hai, ataH zrAvakoM para yaha kartavya-bhAra AtA hai ki ve isa ko racanA dvArA Age bddh'aaeN| maiM munivara ke prati namana karatA huA prazasti se virata hotA hU~ aura AzA karatA hU~ ki aisI racanAe~ de kara ve buddhijIvI janoM kA kalyANa karate rheNge|
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________________ hindI kA mahanIya bhASAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva jaina zramaNAcAryoM dvArA kAvyaracanA kie jAne kI paripATI kA apanA ullekhanIya vaiziSTya rahA hai / isa dRSTi se saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza kI kAvya-paramparA ne svatantra mUlya Ayatta kiyA hai / brAhmaNoM ke saMskRta kAvyoM kA zramaNoM ke prAkRta-apabhraMza kAvyoM ke pariveza meM samAnAntara adhyayana to bahuta kama hI huA hai / puna: paravartI kAla meM hindI kI eka pramukha upabhASA rAjasthAnI meM jainakAvyoM kI racanA paramparA kI apanI nijatA, vividhatA aura vipulatA rahI hai| khar3I bolI hindI meM yaha paramparA idhara Akara prAyoviramita-sI ho gaI thii| kintu, atizaya AhlAda kA viSa hai ki mahAzramaNa AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne jaina mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' kI racanA dvArA khar3I bolI hindI ke mahAkAvya kI racanA-paramparA kI samRddhi meM sarvathA navIna nikSepa kiyA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM, to yaha mahAkAvya hindI ke kAvya sAhitya kI apUrva upalabdhi hai tathA bhAratIya sAhitya vAGmaya ke lie to yaha eka abhinava aura advitIya sArasvata upAyana hai| jainAcAryoM kI prAcIna kAvyakathAe~ prAya: kAmakathA se dharmakathA yA zRMgAra se zAnta kI ora prasthAna karake pUrNavirAma letI haiN| kintu, AcAryazrI ke isa mahAkAvya kI kathA kucha aura hI hai| yaha eka zAstradIkSita AcArya kavi kA manana aura mImAMsA kI mArmikatA evaM kAvyarUpaka kI sudhA-snigdha surabhi se otaprota anekAntavAdI zAstrIya prabandhakAvya hai / isa mahAkAvya ke manISI prastavana-lekhaka zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ne ThIka hI kahA hai ki 'mUkamATI' kevala kavikarma nahIM hai, apitu yaha eka dArzanika santa kI AtmA kA saMgIta hai| AcAryazrI kA yaha saMgIta bhI saMgAtIta hai / unhoMne svayaM likhA hai : "saMgIta use mAnatA hU~ jo saMgAtIta hotA hai aura/prIti use mAnatA hU~/jo aMgAtIta hotI hai|" (pR. 144-145) isalie, jo pAThaka nitAnta aMgasaMgI kAvya par3hane ke AdI haiM, unheM yaha mahAkAvya rasavaza to nahIM kara sakegA, para jo cintanazIla adhyAtmacetA haiM, ve avazya hI eka viziSTa Atyantika sukha kI anubhUti se abhibhUta hoNge| ___ atukAnta aura achandobaddha yaha kAvya cAra khaNDoM meM nibaddha hai jo pAramparika kAvyazAstrIya paribhASA kI paridhi meM mahAkAvya siddha nahIM hotA, kintu apanI guNAtmaka mahattA kI dRSTi se 'mahAkAvya' kI saMjJA pA sakatA hai| mUlata: yaha kAvya jainadharma-darzana kA AkhyAna kAvya hai, isalie sahaja hI nivRttimArga kI maryAdA meM Abaddha hai / nAyakanAyikA kI nandatikatA se rahita isakI choTI-sI kathAvastu vicAroM kI gahanatA meM yA ki jIvana-darzana kI vyAkhyAvivecanA meM nIra-kSIra kI taraha ekameka ho gaI hai / nitAnta vicArapradhAna isa prabandhakAvya meM nAyaka-nAyikA kA nirdhAraNa sahaja nahIM hai / tatsambandhI UhApoha bhI nirvivAda nahIM hogaa| khaNDa eka kA paricaya vAkya hai- 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha'; khaNDa do kI avataraNikA hai- 'zabda so bodha nahIM: bodha so zodha nahIM'; khaNDa tIna kA viSaya pratIka hai-'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' aura khaNDa cAra kI viSaya paricAyikA paMkti hai-'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI raakh'| avazya hI, ina pratIkAtmaka paMktiyoM se kathAvastu spaSTa na rahakara vyAkhyA-sApekSa ho gaI hai / mUla kathAvastu kucha isa prakAra hai : khaNDa ekaH saritA taTa kI mATI mAtRkalpA dharatI se apane jIvana kI sArthakatA kA upAya pUchatI hai aura dharatI mATI ke samakSa jIvana-darzana kA vistRta zAstra upasthita kara detI hai / tabhI, kalA-kuzala zilpI kumbhakAra kA ceharA sAmane ubharatA hai| kumbhakAra oMkAra ko namana kara krUra-kaThora kudAlI se mATI ko khodatA hai / mATI ko khoda lene ke bAda kumbhakAra use borI meM bhara kara gadhe kI pITha para lAda le calatA hai| khuradurI borI kI ragar3a se gadhe kI pITha chila
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 61 jAtI hai| kintu, borI se chana-chana kara bAhara AtI mATI chilana ke chedoM meM jAkara marahama kA kAma karatI hai| zilpI mATI ko upAzrama ke parisara meM le jAkara rakhatA hai| phira vaha bArIka tAravAlI cAlanI meM mATI ko chAnatA hai, kaMkaroM ko haTAkara mATI kA saMzodhana karatA hai / isa prakAra, kaMkara kA saMkara yA sammizraNa haTa jAne se mATI zuddha hokara varNalAbha karatI hai / isa zuddhatA para bala dete hue AcArya-kavi phalitArtha meM kahate haiM : "nIra kA kSIra bananA hI/varNa-lAbha hai/varadAna hai| aura/kSIra kA phaTa jAnA hI/varNa-saMkara hai/abhizApa hai|" (pR. 49) tadanantara, rassI-bAlaTI ke sahAre kue~ se jala nikAlA jAtA hai aura jala milAkara mATI ko phulAyA jAtA hai| isI krama meM bAlaTI meM eka machalI A jAtI hai aura vaha uchalakara mATI para gira jAtI hai / mATI aura machalI ke bIca AdhyAtmika saMvAda hotA hai / puna: zilpI machalI ko bAlaTI meM DAlakara kUpa meM surakSita pahu~cA detA hai| khaNDa do : zilpI jala se phUlI huI kuMkuma-sadRza mATI ko pairoM se rauMdatA hai| phira usa mATI ko loMdA banAkara use ghUmate cakra para rakhatA hai aura use kumbha kA rUpa dekara cakra se dharatI para utAra letA hai / ghaTa taiyAra ho jAne para usakI banAvaTa meM jo kucha truTiyA~ zeSa raha jAtI haiM, unheM hAtha kI halakI-halakI coTa se durusta karatA hai aura jaba ghar3A thor3A sUkha jAtA hai, taba usa para vaha vibhinna saMkhyAoM aura citra-vicitra pazu-pakSiyoM kI AkRtiyoM ko aMkita karatA hai| phira, kumbha ko dhUpa meM acchI taraha sukhAtA hai / isI krama meM AcAryazrI ne Aja kI dogalA (=do-galA)-saMskRti, yAnI kathanI aura karanI meM bheda ko samApta karane kA Adeza diyA hai aura isI se isa khaNDa kI avataraNikA- 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM ko sArthaka yA anvitArtha kiyA gayA hai| ___khaNDa tIna : kumbhakAra kisI kAraNavaza pravAsa meM jAtA hai / kumbhakAra kI anupasthiti meM jaladhi ko kumbha samUha naSTa karane kI duSTatA sUjhatI hai / vaha badaliyoM dvArA kumbhakAra ke prAMgaNa meM varSA karA detA hai / kintu, jala kI varSA ke sthAna para motiyoM kI varSA hotI hai| rAjA apanI maNDalI ke sAtha AtA hai aura motiyoM ko cunakara unheM boriyoM meM bharane kA Adeza detA hai| tabhI kisI mantrazakti se rAjA aura usakI maNDalI ke hAtha-pA~va-mukha kIlita ho jAte haiN| aura isa prakAra, usakI anAyAsa dhana prApta kara lene kI kAmanA pUrI nahIM hotii| ___kumbhakAra jaba ghara vApasa AtA hai, taba vaha isa ghaTanA se du:khI hotA hai aura oMkAra ke uccAraNapUrvaka zItala jala ko hAtha meM lekara mantrita karatA hai aura mUrchita rAjA tathA usake mantrimaNDala para chir3aka detA hai| sabhI svastha ho jAte haiN| kumbhakAra apanI anupasthiti meM hue kaSTa ke lie rAjA se kSamA-prArthanA karatA hai aura apane hAthoM motiyoM ko boriyoM meM bharakara rAjA ko arpita kara detA hai| rAjA apanI maNDalI ke sAtha satya dharma kI jaya-jayakAra karatA hai| jaladhi kA SaDyantra viphala ho jAtA hai aura badaliyA~ lajAkara lauTa jAtI haiM / yadyapi isake atirikta aura bhI aneka upasarga kumbha samUha ko sahane pdd'e| kumbha kI isa kathA kA phalitArtha yaha hai ki saMgharSa aura tapa:sAdhya puNya kA pAlana, pApa kA prakSAlana kara detA hai| ___khaNDa cAra : kumbha ko pakAne ke lie avA taiyAra kiyA jAtA hai / avA ke nicale hisse meM bar3I-bar3I, Ter3hImer3hI gA~ThavAlI babUla kI lakar3iyA~ sajAI jAtI haiN| unake sAtha lAla-pIlI chAlavAlI nIma kI lakar3iyA~ bichAI jAtI haiN| bIca-bIca meM zIghra Aga pakar3ane ke lie devadAru kI lakar3iyA~ rakhI jAtI haiM aura dhImI-dhImI jalanevAlI imalI kI lakar3iyA~ avA ke kinAre cAroM ora khar3I kI jAtI haiM aura phira avA ke bIcoMbIca kumbhasamUha vyavasthita kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra, AcAryazrI ne avA ke nirmANa kA vizadatA se varNana cintana ke anuSaMga meM kiyA hai| choTI-se-choTI bAtoM para gahana dArzanika cintana AcAryazrI kI apanI racanAgata vizeSatA hai| kumbha agni parIkSA meM khare utarate haiM aura ve muktAtmA kI taraha prasanna ho jAte haiN| aba unakA maMgala ghaTa ke rUpa meM devoM aura atithiyoM kI pUjA meM prayoga-upayoga hone lagatA hai / isa khaNDa kA phalitArtha yaha hai ki mAnava kumbha kI
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________________ 62 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA taraha saMgharSoM meM tapakara hI upayogI siddha hotA hai| yahI usakI agni-parIkSA hai / isa agni-parIkSA meM banane vAlI rAkha bhI cA~dI kI taraha zubhra aura mUlyavAna ho jAtI hai| mUlata: kAvya kI kathAvastu yA ghaTanAkrama yahIM pUrNatA prApta kara letA hai, parantu kavirmanISI AcAryazrI ne kumbha kI upayogitA, kathA ko eka aura mor3a diyA hai / isa krama meM eka mahAdhanI seTha kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| vaha AhAra dAna kA puNya arjita karatA hai / isake bAda seTha ko vairAgya ho AtA hai / isI krama meM suvarNa Adi dhAtuoM se nirmita kalazoM kI apekSA miTTI ke ghar3e ko adhika mUlya diyA gayA hai / svarNakalaza kI vinAzakArI mazAla se aura mRtkumbha kI prakAzaprada dIpaka se tulanA kI gaI hai| seTha rugNa ho jAtA hai aura mATI ke upacAra se vaha phira svastha ho jAtA hai / yahA~ miTTI ke pAtra meM bane bhojana kI mahattA ke sAtha hI, mATI ke kumbha ke vibhinna camatkAroM ko bhI darasAyA gayA hai / mRtkumbha kI mahattA se svarNakalaza cir3ha jAtA hai aura vaha usake vinAza ke lie SaDyantra racatA hai / svarNalolupa AtaMkavAdiyoM kA eka dala khar3A ho jAtA hai| isa AtaMkavAda se Darakara seTha parivAra sameta bhAga khar3A hotA hai aura apanI kamara se kumbha bA~dhakara nadI meM kUda par3atA hai / nadI pAra karane ke bAda use dharatI kA sahArA milatA hai / isa prakAra, AtaMkavAda kA anta aura anantavAda kA zrIgaNeza hotA hai| kAvya ke anta meM parivAra sahita kumbha zilpI kumbhakAra kA abhivAdana karatA hai : 0 "kumbha ke mukha se nikala rahI haiM/maMgala-kAmanA kI paMktiyA~ / " (pR. 478) 0 "parivAra-sahita kumbha ne/kumbhakAra kA abhivAdana kiyaa|" (pR. 481) idamittham, isa prabandhakAvya kI saMjJA 'mUkamATI' kI apekSA kumbhakathA' adhika maujUM lagatA hai| kumbhakAra ne mATI ke jIvana ko sa~vAra kara use upAdeya banAyA, usakA maMgala ghaTa ke rUpa meM saMskAra kiyA, isalie ina donoM meM nAyaka-nAyikA kA Aropa asaMgata nahIM hai| ___ 'mUkamATI' kAvya kahIM-kahIM pratIka kAvya kI sImA kA sparza karatA pratIta hotA hai, jisakI kathAvastu ke katipaya prasaMga 'kAmAyanI' kI kathAvastu se anubhAvita lagate haiM / isa sandarbha meM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' kA prArambhika prAkRtika paridRzya draSTavya hai : "sImAtIta zUnya meM/nIlimA bichAI, aura "idhara "nIce/nirI nIravatA chaaii|" (pR. 1) 'kAmAyanI' ke prArambhika prAkRtika paridRzya kI paMktiyA~ haiM : "nIce jala thA, Upara hima thA,/eka tarala thA eka saghana / " isake atirikta, prasAdajI ne dArzanika cintana ke pariprekSya meM jisa prakAra zraddhA, iDA Adi pratIka pAtroM kI avatAraNA kI hai, usI prakAra AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne bhI dharatI, mATI Adi pratIka pAtroM kA mAnavIkaraNa kiyA hai| ___AcArya vidyAsAgara vilakSaNa kAvyakAra hone ke sAtha hI vicakSaNa zabdakAra bhI haiM / unakI zabdazAstrIya pratibhA niruktikAra yAska kI paramparA kA smaraNa dilAtI hai / varNa-viparyaya aura sabhaMga-abhaMga zleSa dvArA zabdoM kI camatkArapUrNa arthayojanA meM AcAryazrI kI dvitIyatA nahIM hai| jaise : abhaMga : "jo vIra nahIM haiM, avIra haiM/una para kyA, unakI tasvIra para bhI abIra chiTakAyA nahIM jAtA !" (pR. 132)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 63 sabhaMga : 0 "agara bAtI ko agarabAtI kA/yoga nahIM milatA to.|" (pR.134) 0 "yahI merI kAmanA hai/ki/AgAmI chorahIna kAla meM basa isa ghaTa meM/kAma nA rahe !" (pR. 77) isI sandarbha meM dhI-ratA dhIratA, kAya-ratA kAyaratA Adi prayoga bhI draSTavya haiN| varNa-viparyaya : 0 "rAhI bananA hI to/hIrA bananA hai| "raa"hii"hii"raa"|" (pR. 57) 0 "rAkha bane binA/kharA-darzana kahA~ ?/raa"kh"kh"raa|" (pR. 57) 0 "dharatI tI "ra"dha/yAnI,/jo tIra ko dhAraNa karatI hai|"(pR.452) ___ isI prasaMga meM AcAryazrI dvArA prastuta 'duhitA' zabda kI maharSi yAska kI nirukti ('dUrehitA duhitA; gavAM dogdhervA') se sarvathA bhinna nirukti mananIya hai : "do hita jisameM nihita hoM/vaha 'duhitA' kahalAtI hai apanA hita svayaM hI kara letI hai,/patita se patita pati kA jIvana bhI hita sahita hotA hai, jisase/vaha duhitA kahalAtI hai| ubhaya-kula maMgala-vardhinI/ubhaya-loka-sukha-sarjinI sva-para-hita sampAdikA/kahIM rahakara kisI taraha bhI hita kA dohana karatI rahatI/so'"duhitA kahalAtI hai|"(pR. 205-206) isI pariprekSya meM kumbhakAra', 'nArI', 'abalA', 'aMganA', 'mahilA', 'strI', 'mAtR', 'vaikharI', 'kumArI', 'sutA' Adi zabdoM kI apUrva nirukti draSTavya hai| isa krama meM vadato vyAghAta' bhI parilakSita hotA hai / AcAryazrI ne 'nArI' aura 'strI' kI nirukti meM batAyA hai : 0 "inakI A~kheM haiM karuNA kI kArikA/zatrutA chU nahIM sakatI inheM milana-sArI mitratA/muphta milatI rahatI inase / yahI kAraNa hai ki/inakA sArthaka nAma hai 'nArI' yAnI-/'na ari' nArI"/athavA/ye ArI nahIM haiM/so"nArI"" (pR. 202) 0 " 's' yAnI samazIla saMyama,/'trI' yAnI tIna artha haiM/dharma, artha, kAma-puruSArthoM meM puruSa ko kuzala-saMyata banAtI hai/so'"strI kahalAtI hai|"(pR.205) kintu sAgara ke mukha se ThIka isake viparIta kahalavAyA gayA hai, jisase nArI caritra kA hanana hotA hai : "svastrI ho yA parastrI,/strI-jAti kA svabhAva hai,/ki kisI pakSa se cipakI nahIM rahatI vaha / anyathA,/mAtRbhUmi mAtR-pakSa ko/tyAga-patra denA khela hai kyA ? ...isIlie bhUlakara bhI/kula-paramparA saMskRti kA sUtradhAra strI ko nahIM banAnA caahie|/aur/gopniiy kArya ke viSaya meM vicAra-vimarza-bhUmikA/nahIM batAnA caahie|" (pR. 224)
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________________ 64 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA isI prakAra, eka jagaha 'avyApti' bhI A gaI hai / AcAryazrI ne siMha ke svabhAva ke bAre meM likhA hai : "kintu, suno !/ bhUkha, miTAne hetu / siMha viSThA kA sevana nahIM karatA na hI apane / sadya:jAta zizu kA bhakSaNa..!" (pR. 171 - 172 ) kintu, AryazUra kI 'jAtakamAlA' ke 'vyAghrIjAtaka' meM kSudhApIr3ita vyAghrI yA siMhanI ko apane navajAta zizuoM kA bhakSaNa karane ko Akula dikhAyA gayA hai| bhagavAn buddha yA bodhisattva agara apanA zarIra arpita nahIM karate to vaha navajAta zizuoM ko khA hI jaatii| isa prakAra, bahuzruta AcAryazrI dvArA prastuta siMha svabhAva sArvabhauma satya nahIM bana pAyA hai| AcAryazrI kI yaha kAvyakRti koza kA anusaraNa nahIM karatI varan kozakAroM ke lie naI zabdAvalI prastuta karatI hai / isa sandarbha meM 'cArmika vatana' (pR. 16); 'hAsa-damaMga' (pR. 21); 'sAvaNatA' (pR. 81 ); 'sadoditA' (pR. 102); 'astimA' (pR. 184 ) ; ' dadhi - dhavalA' (pR. 199 ); 'adesakha' (pR. 223), 'aruka' (pR. 239); 'palAyu' (pR. 248); 'tRpA'(pR. 263); 'dUraja' (265); 'AvirmANa' (pR. 320); 'nasiyAjI' (pR. 346); 'gor3a' (pR. 361); 'matsya-muktA'(463) Adi zabda dhyAtavya haiN| inameM kucha zabdoM ke artha kI vizadatA ke lie pArdATippaNI apekSita raha gaI hai / zabda aura artha, bhAva aura bhASA, sAtha hI muhAvaroM aura lokoktiyoM, upamAoM aura rUpakoM Adi zilpagata racanA-prakriyA kI dRSTi se AcAryazrI kI cintana-paddhati sarvathA svatantra hai / AcAryazrI kI hRdayasparzI padazayyA evaM vacobhaMgI kI abhivyaktigata vicitratA aura vidagdhatA se saMvalita, sUktisikta evaM bimbodbhAvaka bhASA sacamuca bahuvarNI hai / kula milAkara, 'mUkamATI' hindI kA mahanIya bhASAkAvya hai / AcAryazrI dhurikIrtanIya bhAratIya cintakoM evaM mokSamArga ke unnAyakoM meM anyatama haiM, yaha 'mUkamATI' meM parilakSita hone vAlI unakI racanAgata manISA aura vicAragata AnvIkSikI se spaSTa hai| unhoMne apanI isa kAvyakRti meM sAmAjika dAyitvabodha, lokajIvana, dharma-darzana, AcAra-vicAra, mantra-tantra, AtaMkavAda, daheja samasyA, kala kI mahimA, svarNanindA, Ayurvedokta rogopacAra, aMkoM aura citroM kA camatkAra, antarikSIya upadrava, mithakIya cetanA, saMgItika saptagrAma - vivecanA Adi vividha AyAmoM ko upasthApita karake ise prAsaMgika banAyA hai, jisase yaha kAvyagrantha bhAratIya saMskRti kA bRhadAkhyAna bana gayA hai| isameM mATI, dharatI, kaMkara, kaNTaka, kumbha, sAgara, kUpa, nadI, bAdala Adi prAkRtika upAdAnoM kA pAtrIkaraNa aura phira unakA mAnavIkaraNa karake unake saMvAdoM se kathAvastu yA ghaTanAcakra ko vistAra dene kI kalA meM AcAryazrI ne atizaya nipuNa kathAkovida kI bhUmikA kA nirvAha kiyA hai| sacamuca, vaha atula aura vismayakArI zabda bhANDAra ke adhisvAmI haiM / Adhunika-atyAdhunika sabhI prakAra kI cintAoM aura samasyAoM ke adhyayana se mukharita, paramata- nirasana aura svamata-nirUpaNa kI zAstrArtha - zailI se zabdita yaha kAvyakRti Adhunika samAja-vyavasthA kA vizleSaNa bhI hai aura samAdhAna bhI / nizcaya hI isa kRti meM kAvyAdhyAtma kA maNi-pravAla saMyoga huA hai| AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI adbhuta zabdazakti se sampanna pAragAmI kAvyazAstrIya hone ke sAtha hI zrutajJAnI adhyAtmacintaka bhI haiN| isalie, loka aura paraloka ko dRSTi meM rakhakara likhA gayA yaha mahAkAvya samasAmayika jIvana kA tAttvika mUlyAMkana hai / pR. 1 nizA kA avasAna--- upAkazAna ho rahI hai!
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________________ 'mUkamATI' kI dArzanika pIThikA DaoN. komala candra jaina AcArya vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja dvArA viracita 'mUkamATI' Adhunika yuga ke hindI sAhitya ko eka anupama dena hai| yaha kRti kAvya hai athavA eka dArzanika grantha-yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai| 'kAvya kI AtmA rasa hai' tathA 'rasastu zAnta: kathito munIndraiH sarveSu bhAveSu zamapradhAna:' ko dhyAna meM rakhakara yadi 'mUkamATI' kA adhyayana kiyA jAya to nizcita rUpa se ise eka uttama kAvya kahanA samucita hogA / kAraNa, 'mUkamATI' pAThaka ko anavarata rUpa se zAnta rasa kI anubhUti karAtA hai| yadi 'ukti vaicitrya' ko hI kAvya kA jIvana kahA jAya, taba bhI 'mUkamATI' ko kAvya mAnane meM kisI prakAra kI Apatti nahIM hogii| ___ 'mUkamATI' ke sampUrNa kathAnaka meM jaina darzana ke mUla siddhAntoM kI jhalaka dikhAI detI hai / ata: isa tathya ko bhI asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai ki 'mUkamATI' kA AdhAra jaina darzana meM mAnya vibhinna siddhAnta hI haiM / isameM guNasthAna, sapta tattva Adi kA aprakaTa rUpa se vivecana hai to sat, anekAnta, syAdvAda Adi kA suspaSTa pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| zabda kI nityatA, prakRti-puruSa ke sambandha meM sAMkhya siddhAnta kA khaNDana bhI upalabdha hotA hai| isake atirikta jaina muni ke AhAra ke sambandha meM bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai jise par3hakara sAmAnya jana bhI muni kI AhAra kI vidhi evaM usake mahattva ko samajha sakatA hai| jaina darzana meM guNasthAnoM ke mAdhyama se AtmA ke utkRSTa malina pariNAmoM se lekara utkRSTa vizuddha pariNAmoM ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi vizuddha pariNAmoM kI prApti taka AtmA ko aneka avasthAoM se guz2aranA hotA hai, kintu suvidhA kI dRSTi se caudaha pramukha avasthAoM kA citraNa caudaha guNasthAnoM ke mAdhyama se kiyA gayA hai| inameM se pahalA guNasthAna mithyAtva hai aura antima ayogakevalI / ina donoM meM eka nikRSTatama avasthA hai to dUsarI vizuddhatama / ina donoM carama avasthAoM ke madhya meM avasthita dazAe~ tRtIya koTi kI avasthAe~ haiN| prathama prakAra kI avasthA meM cAritra zakti kA sampUrNa hrAsa tathA dvitIya avasthA meM cAritra kA sampUrNa vikAsa hotA hai / krodha, mAna, mAyA evaM lobha-ina cAra kaSAyoM kI pragAr3hatA se AtmA kI nikRSTatama avasthA hotI hai jaba ki inhIM kaSAyoM kI samApti ke uparAnta utkRSTa vizuddhi kI prApti hotI hai / 'mUkamATI' meM prathama avasthA ke rUpa meM mATI ke usa rUpa kA citraNa hai jo pada-dalita hai, tiraskRta hai aura aneka yAtanAoM evaM pIr3AoM se yukta hai : "svayaM patitA hU~/aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se, "adhama pApiyoM se/pada-dalitA hU~ mA~ !" (pR. 4) isI prakAra dvitIya avasthA ke rUpa meM maMgala kalaza kA citraNa hai : "na hI kumbha kI yAtanA/na hI kumbha kI yAcanA/mAtra "vaha vahA~ taba ! kahA~ hai pyAsa se pIr3ita-prANa ?/vaha zoka kahA~/vaha rudana khaaN|" (pR. 295) jyoM-jyoM kaSAyoM meM mandatA AtI jAtI hai, tyoM-tyoM pariNAmoM meM vizuddhi kI mAtrA bar3hatI jAtI hai / isa tathya ko 'mUkamATI' meM jalatva se vyakta kiyA gayA hai / jalatva hI mATI kI mukti meM yA maMgala kalaza banane meM bAdhaka hai aura jaba mATI kA jalatva samApta ho jAtA hai, taba usakA svarUpa vizuddha ho jAtA hai : "kumbha meM jalIya aMza zeSa hai abhI/nizzeSa karanA hai use... binA tapa ke jalatva kA, ajJAna kA,/vilaya ho nahIM sktaa|" (pR. 176)
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________________ 66 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA mATI kI maMgala kalaza ke rUpa meM badalane kI pUrI kathA meM saMvara evaM nirjarA kI jhalaka milatI hai| sarvaprathama mATI ko pRthvI se nikAlA jAtA hai jisake pRthvI meM rahane ke kAraNa hone vAle vijAtIya kaMkara-patthara ke samparka kA abhAva ho jAtA hai / tatpazcAt mATI meM vidyamAna kaMkaroM ko alaga kiyA jAtA hai aura kumbha kA rUpa dekara mATI ko agni meM tapAyA jAtA hai / taba AtI hai mATI meM jaladhAraNa karane kI kSamatA / isa sampUrNa prasaMga se jaina darzana ke nirjarA tattva kA hI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jaina darzana ke anasAra sata vaha hai jisameM utpAda, vyaya evaM dhauvya ho / yahA~ utpAda evaM vyaya parivartana ke sacaka haiM jaba ki dhrauvya nityatA kI sUcanA detA hai / isase yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki vastu ke vinAza evaM utpAda meM vyaya evaM utpatti ke rahate hue bhI vastu na to sarvathA naSTa hotI hai aura na hI sarvathA navIna utpanna hotI hai / vinAza aura utpAda ke bIca eka prakAra kI sthiratA rahatI hai jo na to naSTa hotI hai aura na hI utpanna / isI siddhAnta ko 'mUkamATI' meM isa prakAra kahA gayA hai : "AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai/AnA yAnI janana-utpAda hai jAnA yAnI maraNa-vyaya hai/lagA huA yAnI sthira-dhrauvya hai aura/hai yAnI cira-sat/yahI satya hai yahI tathya !" (pR. 185) jaina darzana ke anusAra pratyeka padArtha meM aneka guNa evaM aneka paryAyeM hotI haiM / ina ananta guNa-paryAyoM meM se vyavahAra meM prAyaH kisI eka vizeSa guNadharma ke ullekha kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / ataeva vyakti ko kisI padArtha ke kisI guNa kA kathana isa prakAra karanA cAhie jisase usa vastu meM vidyamAna anya guNoM kA apalApa na ho| isI kathya ko 'mUkamATI' meM atyanta sahaja bhAva se isa prakAra vyakta kiyA gayA hai: " 'hI' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai/'bhI' anekAnta, syAdvAda kA pratIka / hama hI saba kucha haiM/yU~ kahatA hai 'hI' sadA,/tuma to tuccha, kucha nahIM ho ! aura,/'bhI' kA kahanA hai ki/hama bhI haiM/tuma bhI ho/saba kucha ! 'hI' dekhatA hai hIna dRSTi se para ko/'bhI' dekhatA hai samIcIna dRSTi se saba ko, 'hI' vastu kI zakla ko hI pakar3atA hai/'bhI' vastu ke bhItarI-bhAga ko bhI chUtA hai|" (pR. 172-173) ___ jaina saMskRti meM muni ke AhAra kA vizeSa mahattva hai / AhAra ke prati muni ko kyA bhAva rakhanA cAhie - ise atyanta suspaSTa DhaMga se isa prakAra vyakta kiyA gayA hai : "basa, isI bhA~ti,/dAtA dAna detA jAtA/pAtra use letA jAtA, udara-pUrti karanA hai nA !/isI kA nAma hai garta-pUrNa-vRtti samatA-dharmI zramaNa kI!" (pR. 332-333) isI prakAra zramaNa kI anya vRttiyA~-gocarI vRtti, agnizAmaka vRtti, bhrAmarI vRtti Adi kA bhI suspaSTa citraNa 'mUkamATI' meM upalabdha hotA hai| ___sArAMza yaha hai ki 'mUkamATI' meM mATI kI kathA ke mAdhyama se AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne jaina darzana ko janamAnasa meM utArane kA sazakta prayAsa kiyA hai / yadi koI vyakti 'mUkamATI' kA gahana adhyayana kara jaina darzana kA adhyayana kare to vaha vyakti jaina darzana ke sAra ko sahajatA se hRdayaMgama kara skegaa|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : eka prAsaMgika Adhunika mahAkAvya DaoN. puSpA baMsala kavitA eka rASTra kI hRtspandana hotI hai aura mahAkAvya rASTra ke cintana, manana, darzana, adhyAtma kI paramparAoM kA kavi-kalAkAra ke hRtspandana meM vilaya / kavi-hRdaya to kampita, vicalita, udvelita, Alor3ita hotA hI hai, antara hotA hai ukta Alor3ana ke kAraNabhUta tattva kA / jaba vaha Alor3ana-vilor3ana kinhIM vyaktigata, tAtkAlika kAraNoM va vibhedoM ko lekara hotA hai to vaha vyaktigata kavitA ke rUpa meM DhalatA hai, parantu jaba kavi-hRdaya kA udvelana nijetara kAraNoM se hotA hai, jaba usa hRdaya sAgara meM Alor3ana-vilor3ana upasthita karane kA kAraNa rASTra kI, samaSTi kI, yugadharma kI cetanA hotA hai, taba jo prabandhAtmaka sRSTi hotI hai vaha mahAkAvya kahalAtA hai / mahAkAvya sraSTA kavi kI pratibhA kA pratibimba aura rASTra ke gaurava ke udgAyaka hote haiN| 'mUkamATI' jainAcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI dvArA praNIta hindI kA navyatama mahAkAvya hai jo kevala AkAra-prakAra evaM pRSTha saMkhyA se hI nahIM, apitu apanI AtmA, pravRtti, cintana va sandeza se bhI isa pada kA adhikArI hai| __ahiMsA, kSamA, aparigraha, tapasyA, satya evaM zuddhatA ke dArzanika vizvAsoM kI pIThikA para dRr3hatApUrvaka AsIna jaina munivara ke kalAkAra mAnasa meM bhayaMkara hindola hotA hai-saMsAra ke svarUpa ko lekara / kevala svarUpa nahIM -sthiti, prakRti, AcAra-vyavahAra ko lekara / mAnava kA udgama, vikAsa, jIvanacaryA, manovijJAna, vibhinna vyavahAra va vibhinna vyApAra, ina sabake kAraNa, ina sabake pariNAma va prabhAva aura ina sabakI capeTa meM AyA huA mAnava, yahI nahIM ina sabake pariNAmasvarUpa mAnava-jIvana meM utpanna hone vAle sukha-duHkha, kleza, ApadAe~, AzaMkAe~ tathA ina ke nivAraNa kA tantra / yaha sampUrNa cakra mahAkavi ke mAnasapaTala para apanA prabhAva DAlatA hai, una ke cintana ko udvelita karatA hai, unake saMvedana ko ghUrNita karatA hai aura unakI apanI jaina-darzana kI dhauta-viveka-dRSTi use eka spaSTa, bhAsvara AkAra dekara eka kathAnaka meM DhAla detI hai| saritA taTa kI mATI apane jIvana kI anupayogitA va nirarthakatA se udAsIna, cintita ho apanA du:kha mA~ dharatI ko kahatI hai / jIvana kI sArthakatA kA upAya pUcha kara nirutsAha kI sthiti ko badala DAlane kI prArthanA karatI hai| dharatI kA uttara hai- tapasyA, sAdhanA, zuddhi, paripakvatA, agni-parIkSA aura samAjopayogitA kA lakSya / mAtra yahI eka upAya hai jIvana kI nirarthakatA ko sArthakatA meM parivartita karane kA / mATI jaisA kSudra, anAdRta, padamardita, pada dalita padArtha kaise jIvana sArthakatA kA lAbha kara sakatA hai ? kara sakatA hai, tapapUrvaka-rUpita hokara, AkAra meM Dhala kara, upayogI upakaraNa bana kara / kumbha-zilpI kumbhakAra ke hAthoM meM ziSyavat svayaM ko sauMpakara / mATI ne yahI kiyaa| kumbhakAra AyA, mATI ko khodA, chAnA, boriyoM meM banda kiyA, gadahe para lAdA, upAzrama - kAryazAlA meM le gayA, cAlanI se chAna kara, kaMkara haTAkara varNa-saMkaratA dUra kI, pAnI milAkara use phulAyA, donoM pairoM se rauMda-rauMdakara mulAyama kara DAlA aura phira cAka para car3hAkara DaNDe kI sahAyatA se use kumbha ke AkAra meM DhAla liyA / isa sArI prakriyA meM na kevala mATI kA kaNa-kaNa zaddha ho gayA, saba viSama tattva usase pathaka ho gae, pratyuta kaTane, chAnane, rauMdane Adi kI ga-aMga mardita ho gayA. usakI zakla hI parivartita ho gii| yahI sAdhanA kA anta nahIM hai. yaha to kevala prathama caraNa kI prApti hai| abhI to kumbha kaccA hai, usameM jalIya aMza zeSa haiM ve, jo viSama aMza haiN| unheM sUkhanA hai aura phira sUkhe, kacce kumbha ko avA kI Aga meM paka kara pakkA bananA hai / dhUpa meM sUkhate kacce kumbha ko sampUrNa prAkRtika ApadAoM aura virodhoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| samudra, AkAza, megha, vajra, bijalI, ole Adi saba kucha kA sAmanA / rAhu dvArA sUrya ko nigala lene ke kAraNa utpanna sUryagrahaNa kI vibhISikA kA sahana aura prabala vAta
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________________ 68 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA jhaMjhAvAta ke prakopa kA vahana / zuddhatA va naitikatA ke bala para jIvana meM sArthakatA lAbha karane ke mahaduddezya se nikala par3e kacce kumbha kA mAnoM samasta prakRti-tattva hI bairI ho uThA - ratnAkara payodhi, unmukta AkAza, megha tathA vAyu sabhI tattva / parantu atha kI iti bhI hotI hai aura vaha huii| kumbhakAra ne dekhA kumbha sUkha gayA hai| usane sabhI prAkRtika lIlAoM ko sahana kara ke apanI sAmarthya siddha kara dI hai / aba usane kumbha ko avA meM pakane ke lie rakhA / babUla, zIzama Adi kI sUkhI lakar3iyoM se bhare avA meM una kacce sUkhe kumbhoM ko rakhakara avA kA mukha rAkha-miTTI se bharakara usameM agni prajvalita kara dI gaI / ghuTana, phira dhuA~ aura phira caTapaTAtI agni / agni kA bhI apanA eka svAda, eka sparza, eka gandha aura eka dhvani hai, yaha anubhava agni ke bIca baiThe, avA meM pakate usa kumbha ko huA / sAdhanA aura niSThApUrvaka usa agni kA bhakSaNa, agni tapana kI agni parIkSA meM uttIrNa ho kara kumbha eka paripakva, sucikkaNa, suDaula, sundara, upayogI kumbha ho kara bAhara nikalA / isa kumbha kA rUpa sudarzana, varNa kRSNa zyAma, usakI grIvA para haiM 9 aura 99 zubha saMkhyAe~ ukerita, sampUrNa gAta sundara citroM se maNDita va aMga-aMga saMgIta kI dhvaniyoM se ApUrita / sthAna-sthAna para kaMkara se bajAne para 'sA re ga ma pa dha ni' Adi saMgIta-saragama ke svara tathA dhA-dhin' Adi mRdaMga ke ghoSa usameM se TanaTanAte the| yahA~ kumbha kA vyaktitva-nirmANa pUrA huA, usake zilpI kumbhakAra kA kArya pUrNa huA, usakI kalA kI saphalatA siddha huii| para abhI kumbha kI sArthakatA, upayogitA kI parIkSA zeSa hai / vaha bhI zIghra hI sampanna ho jAtI hai / nagara ke seTha ko svapna meM bhikSArthI mahAsanta ko AhAra dene kA Adeza prApta hotA hai / tadanusAra vaha taiyAriyA~ karane meM juTa jAtA hai / miTTI kA kumbha ma~gavAtA hai aura usa kA sevaka isa paripakva sundara, susajjita kumbha ko seTha kI sevA ke lie le AtA hai / kumbhakAra ne isakA koI vikraya mUlya nahIM liyA, kyoMki yaha sAdhu-sevA ke nimitta jA rahA thaa| ____ nagara bhara ke gRhasthoM ke prAMgaNa meM muni ke AhAra kI taiyAriyA~ haiM / munivara A~gana se A~gana lA~ghate cale aae| unakI aMjali AhAra-svIkRti ke lie khulI, seTha ke ghara meM jala se paripUrNa mATI kumbha ke sammukha / svarNa kalaza, rajata kalaza, pItala ke pAtra, sphaTika kI jhAriyA~ Adi saba upakaraNa dugdha, kSIra rasa, anAra rasa Adi vibhinna AhAroM se bhare hue, dAtAoM ke hAthoM meM pAtra arthAt AhAra lene ke icchuka muni kI pratIkSA meN| mATI kA kumbha bhI jala se paripUrNa usI sevA meM udyata / kumbha meM bhare prAsuka jala se muni ne AhAra svIkAra kiyaa| saparivAra seTha ne vidhipUrvaka muni ko AhAra kraayaa| tatpazcAt muni ne upadeza diyA aura saparivAra seTha unheM unake vizrAma-sthala taka pahu~cA kara aayaa| seTha ne saparivAra pandraha divasa ke lie dhAtu ke pAtroM ke sthAna para mAtra mATI ke bartanoM meM khAne-pIne kA vrata liyaa| dhAtu pAtroM ne isameM apamAna-bodha kiyaa| usa bhAva ke antargata mATI kumbha ko, seTha ko, munivara ko burA-bhalA kahA / una para ahaMkArI, asamAjavAdI, asamadarzI Adi hone ke Aropa lagAe / seTha ke va seTha kI sampadA ke viruddha vidroha tUla pakar3atA gayA / macchara evaM matkuNa jaise paropajIvI jIvoM ne bhI seTha para kRpaNa, dhanasaMgrahI, anudAra hone kA doSa lagAyA aura una sabake saradAra, sarvAdhika Ahata, apamAnita svarNa kalaza ne seTha ko pATha par3hAne ke lie va samucita rUpa se daNDita karane ke lie AtaMkavAdI dala ko gupta nimantraNa de diyaa| samAja ke dvArA avamAnita, anAdRta hone kI bhAvanAdurbhAvanA ke zikAra yuvaka AtaMkavAdI, sabhI ke sabhI sudRr3ha DIlaDaula va ghanI mUMchoM ke svAmI va prANa lene-dene para haradama utArU yuvakoM kA dala vahA~ A pahu~cA / parantu usa dala ke AmantrakoM meM paraspara phUTa par3a cukI thI, kinhIM binduoM para gaharA matabheda thA aura virodhI matadhAriNI sphaTika kI jhArI ne cupacApa yaha sUcanA kumbha ko de dii| vivekI, suvicArI, karmaTha kumbha ne avilamba seTha ko saparivAra ghara tyAgane kA parAmarza diyA / parAmarza mAna liyA gayA / kumbha ke mArganirdezana meM usa parivAra ne ghara chor3a diyaa| lagAtAra yAtrA karate-karate vana meM pahu~ca kara surakSita sthAna jAna kara vahA~ DerA jamAyA / tabhI mRgarAja dvArA AtaMkita hAthiyoM kA eka samUha seTha parivAra ke pAsa AyA / unakI sAttvikatA ko
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 69 pahacAna kara gajamuktAe~ unheM bheMTa kii| tabhI AtaMkavAdiyoM kA dala vahA~ pahu~ca gayA AkramaNa karane, para gajadala ne pUre seTha parivAra ko surakSA hetu apane ghere meM le liyaa| AkrAmaka samUha kA kucha vaza nahIM cala rahA thaa| tabhI gajoM kI U~cIU~cI ciMghAr3oM se samasta vana kA~pa uThA aura nAga unakI sahAyatA ke nimitta vahA~ pahu~ca ge| seTha parivAra kI nirdoSatA aura nyAyasammatatA ko dekha kara unhoMne seTha ke prati nAgamaNiyA~ arpita kI aura AtaMkavAdI dala se jA bhir3e / sArA dala bhAga khar3A huA aura jaMgala meM chipa gyaa| chipa-chipakara seTha parivAra kI lIlA dekhatA rhaa| phira vivaza dala ne krodha meM bhara, kara meM kAle Dore se ba~dhe sAta nIbuoM ko mantrapUrita kara AkAza kI ora uchAla diyaa| pariNAmasvarUpa A~dhIjhaMjhAvAta A ge| kramaza: A~dhI rukI to seTha parivAra ne svayaM ko saritA taTa para khar3e paayaa| saritA meM pUra-vega thA / naI varSA kI lAla miTTI ghula jAne se pAnI kA raMga bhI lAla ho gayA thaa| vega bahuta thaa| pAra jAnA anivArya thaa| sAdhana koI pAsa nahIM thaa| tabhI pathapradarzaka kumbha ne rassI apane gale meM bA~dhakara pAnI meM praveza kiyA aura seTha parivAra ko usakA sirA apanI kaTi meM bA~dhakara usake pIche jala meM praveza karane ko khaa| aisA hI kiyA gayA / dala dhIre-dhIre Age bar3hatA gyaa| mArga meM bhayaMkara jalacara bAdhAe~ paidA karate gae, bhaya dilAte rahe / sAmane gaharA bha~vara A gyaa| AtaMkavAdI dala bhI naukA meM baiThakara unakA pIchA kara rahA thaa| aise meM eka magaramaccha ne mantrapUrita muktA kumbha ko dI, jisake prabhAva se jala meM mArga mila jAtA hai / AtaMkavAdI dala kA nizAnA vaha kumbha hI thA, jise ve kaMkara mArakara phor3a denA cAhate the, jo ki seTha parivAra ko nadI se pAra karAne kA prayatna kara rahA thA / seTha usa kumbha ko pAnI ke bhItara apane peTa ke nIce chipAe hue thA / nIce bhayaMkara jala, Upara bhayaMkara varSA, cAroM ora AtaMkavAdI zatru / para magaramaccha dvArA datta muktA se jala meM mArga milA / parantu ApadAe~ samApta nahIM huIM / zatruoM ne bahuta bar3A jAla pheMkA, jisameM vaha parivAra matsyoM ke samAna pha~sa jaae| para tabhI teja havAe~ calIM, jinhoMne jAla ko Upara hI Upara ur3A diyA / aura zatruoM kI naukA ulaTane ko ho AI / naukA para likhA thA 'AtaMkavAda kI jaya' / DUbane ko vivaza AtaMkavAdI aba seTha se sahAyatA kI prArthanA karane lage, kSamA-yAcanA karane lge| seTha to kSamA kA Agara thA hI, usane mukta hRdaya se unako kSamAdAna diyA aura zaraNa dene kA vAdA kiyaa| phira ve sabhI AkramaNakArI DUbatI naukA meM se pAnI meM chalA~ga lagA gae aura seTha parivAra dvArA sa~bhAla lie gae, naukA ulaTa gaI, ve saba baca gae aura taTa para jA phuNce| saritA ke taTa para usa samaya vahI kumbhakAra mATI khodane meM vyasta / kumbha ne use praNAmapUrvaka apanI saphalatA kI kathA sunaaii| zilpI kumbhakAra ne pAsa hI virAjita sAdhu ko namaskAra karane ko kahA / sAdhu ne zAzvata sukha kA AzIrvAda diyA / AtaMkavAdI dala ne sthAyI sukha prApti kA rahasya jAnanA cAhA to unhoMne AcaraNa kI zuddhatA kA saMketa kiyaa| AcaraNa kI zuddhatA hI mokSa kA rahasya hai, yahI pracchanna sandeza dekara sAdhujI phira mauna hokara tapasyA meM lIna ho ge| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA yaha vizAla kathAphalaka eka sAtha hI sAMsArika evaM saMsArAtIta hai / vizAla prakRti ke prAMgaNa meM donoM jagata nivAsa kara rahe haiM-cetana evaM jdd| cetana meM manaSya evaM paza donoM jagata aura phira ra jar3a jagat paMcabhUta-jala, vAyu, AkAza, agni aura pRthvI / svarNa, rajata, pItala, sphaTika Adi dhAtue~, muktA, mANikya, nIlama Adi bahumUlya padArtha ke pAtra, dugdha, ikSu rasa, anAra rasa, pAyasa, takra Adi peya, saritA, sAgara, megha, indracApa, varSA, upala, A~dhI, jhaMjhAvAta, sUrya, candra Adi prAkRtika tattva, sUryodaya, sUryAsta, nizA, sUryagrahaNa Adi prAkRtika ghaTanAe~ tathA anya bhI jAgatika upakaraNa isa mahAkAvya ke kathAkrama ke nirmAtA haiN| manuSya jagat evaM prakRti jagat meM adbhuta samabhAva hai / ve paraspara bAtacIta karate haiM, vyavahAra karate haiM aura kriyA-pratikriyA karate haiN| manuSyetara jagat jar3a ho yA cetana, sabhI mAnavIkRta rUpa meM manovaijJAnika stara para vyavahAra karate haiM / sabakI AdhArabhUta mATI, jo mUka mATI ke rUpa meM mahAkAvya kA pradhAna pAtra hI nahIM apitu mukhya viSaya hai, nirjIva mUka mATI meM eka icchA hai-sArthaka hone kI
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________________ 70 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA saprayojana hone kI, upayogI hone kI aura usakI yaha antarbhUta icchA use jijJAsu banAtI hai, jijJAsu se ziSya, ziSya se sAdhaka, vratI tapasvI, samarpita sAdhaka aura phira parIkSArthI / ghora se ghora parIkSAoM meM lipta parIkSArthI / vaha agni meM pakI, tapI kumbha kI mATI isa icchA tattva kI jAgRti ke pazcAt jar3a, ajJAnI, mUrkha, padadalita na rahakara, manasvI, vivekI, karmaTha, uttaradAyI, sajaga, jAgarUka evaM pathapradarzaka bana jAtI hai| paripakva itanI ki munivara svarNa kalaza aura sphaTika jhArI ko chor3a kara usameM rakhe rasa se hI AhAra grahaNa karate haiM; saceta va jJAnI itanI ki bar3e-bar3e vaidyAcAryoM ke asaphala hone para apane sahaja jJAna ke bala para rugNa seTha kA roga nivAraNa kara detI hai; sajaga itanI ki mahala meM cupacApa calane vAlI durabhisandhi kA patA lagA kara seTha va usake samasta parivAra ko vipatti ke mukha meM se nikAla le jAtI hai aura sevaka dharma pAlana meM tatpara aisI ki apane svAmI seTha ke parivAra kI rakSA ke lie nagara, vana, nadI saba jagaha Age-Age kUda par3atI hai| yaha padadalita, bhUpatitA jar3a mATI kA hI kAyAkalpa hai jo usameM ghanI sAdhanA ke kAraNa upasthita huA hai| ghanI sAdhanA meM pravRtta hone ke lie icchA tattva, saphala va sArthaka hone ke lie icchA tattva ke udaya kI AvazyakatA hai| bhAva yaha hai ki jisa meM sArthakatA kI icchA kA udaya nahIM hai, vaha jar3atA kA tyAga nahIM kara sakatA / vikAsa va unnayanIkaraNa kA mUlAdhAra hai icchA - unnayana kI icchA / icchA tattva sarvopari hai - saba se mahattvapUrNa hai, anivArya hai| icchA jaba puSTa hokara vyAkulatA meM badala jAtI hai aura phira vyagratA meM, vihvalatA meM, taba sAdhanA kA samaya AtA hai| sAdhanA kliSTa hotI hai, kaSTaprada hotI hai, dAhaka hotI hai / sAdhanA sAdhaka ko rauMdatI hai, pIsatI hai, pITatI hai, kUTatI hai, galAtI hai, sukhAtI hai, manamAne AkAra meM DhAlatI hai aura phira avA meM pakAtI hai, sAdhaka apanI mUlabhUta icchA sArthaka, upayogI hone kI icchA ke kAraNa isa samasta kaSTa meM se gaz2aratA hai aura antima rUpa se saphala ho kara nikalatA hai / sAdhanA kI agni meM na kevala aparipakvatA naSTa hotI hai apitu dUSitatA, varNasaMkaratA, apAvanatA, kaSAya Adi saba naSTa ho jAte haiM tathA subhagatA, saundarya, teja, upayogitA kA Agama ho jAtA hai aura utpanna ho jAtI hai kSamatA, dhAraNa karane kI kSamatA, jala jaise tarala padArtha ko dhAraNa karane kI kSamatA / isa kSamatA se yukta, paripakva, vivekazIla, svastha jIvana-darzana kA svAmI aisA sAdhaka samAja ke lie eka varadAna bana jAtA hai| samAja use mukta mana se svIkAra hI kara letA ho, aisA nahIM hai / samAja kI saMracanA meM kucha mUlabhUta khoTa hai / samUha kA jIvana mAna-apamAna, IrSyA, dveSa, hiMsA, svArtha ke bhAvoM se abhizapta hai / zreSThatara, mahattara siddha hone kI kAmanA, dUsare ko apane se hInatara siddha karane kI vyAkulatA tathA apanI durbalatAoM ko svIkAra na karake unake lie dUsaroM ko aparAdhI siddha kara dene kI kAmanA, samAja kI saMracanA meM nihita hai aura yahI mAnasikatA samAja ke sAre vikAroM ke lie uttaradAyI hai / AcaraNa kI zuddhatA asambhavaprAya ho jAtI hai kyoMki tatsambandhI mAnasikatA kA abhAva hai| samAja kI isa mUlabhUta durbalatA va vikRti kA nirAkaraNa asambhava to nahIM, parantu kaThina avazya hai| kRccha sAdhanA, ahaM kA visarjana, mAna-apamAna kA tyAga, mana-vacana-kAyA se zuddhatA kI sAdhanA aura ina sabake sAtha-sAtha hRdaya meM karuNA, dayA va kSamA kA vikAsa- basa yahI mantra hai aura yahI tantra / sAdhanA kA mArga atyanta kaThina hai, parantu maMz2ila kI prApti utanI hI sundara, kAmya va mUlyavAn hai / saMsAra bhara kI pUjA, arcA, zraddhA, samAdara kA sahaja adhikAra prApta ho uThatA hai / sArthaka mAnavocita ahaM, svArtha, mAna kho kara parA mAnavIya zAnti, sthiratA, du:khAbhAva, nirveda prApta kara letA hai aura mAnava ke sthAna para muni ho jAtA hai| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM nAyaka-nAyikA tathA pradhAna-gauNa pAtroM kA nirdhAraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / isa kI pAtra-yojanA adbhuta hai / isake pAtra pratIka pAtra nahIM haiN| ve saba apane-apane vyaktitvoM ke svAmI haiM, kisI itara vyaktitva ke sthAnApanna athavA saMketaka athavA cihna nahIM haiN| jIvana tattva se bharapUra sabhI pAtra jagat ke vibhinna lokoM, vargoM, jAtiyoM se lie gae haiM aura sabhI meM apanI-apanI jIvantatA hai, apanA-apanA bhAvaloka hai, apanA-apanA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 71 viveka hai va apanI-apanI AcaraNa saMhitA hai / yahA~ dharatI dhAraNakartI hai| apane sAtha durvyavahAra hone para bhI pratikAra nahIM karane kA saMkalpa liyA hai dharatI ne / sAgara para-sampadA haraNakartA, nimna koTi kA karmakartA jar3a-dhI jaladhi hai aura 'viSa kA vizAla bhaNDAra' hai| dharatI-mA~rUpiNI dharatI nirvighna jIne hetu sadA, sarvadA sabake uddhAra kI hI bAta socatI hai| bA~sa, nAga, zUkara, megha, sIpI Adi sabake saba mA~ dhariNI kI AjJA kA pAlana karake bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke motI banAte haiM aura dharatI kA yaza bar3hAte haiM / candramA ise sahana nahIM kara pAtA / dharatI ko apamAnita, apavAdita karane hetu jala tattva ko bar3hA kara dharatI para daladala paidA karatA hai / sAgara kA saMketa pA kara kSINa kaTi badaliyA~ AkAza-paTala para vihAra karane nikala par3atI haiN| tIna badaliyoM meM eka zubhravasanA sAdhvI-sI, dUsarI palAza kI ha~sI-sI sAr3I pahane padminI kI zobhA sakucAtI-sI aura tIsarI suvarNa-varNa kI sAr3I pahane hai| tInoM badaliyA~ sAgara ke Adeza para AkAza meM Akara, sUrya ko chipA kara, varSA barasA kara sUkhe kumbha kA nAza karanA cAhatI thIM, parantu AkAza meM prabhAkara ke dvArA unheM nyAyocita, nAri yogya karuNA, poSaNa, vAtsalya Adi kA upadeza die jAne para ve badala giiN| apanI bhUla kI kSamA mA~ga kara ve vApasa jAne lagI aura tabhI pRthvI kaNoM kA jalakaNoM se mela huA aura megha-muktAoM kA AvirbhAva huA, phalata: megha-muktAoM kI varSA huii| isa se pRthvI kI mahimA-vRddhi hotI dekha kara sAgara kSubdha hotA hai, kupita hotA hai, badalI kI nindA karatA hai / vaha kahatA hai- 'bhUla kara bhI kula-paramparA-saMskRti kA sUtradhAra strI ko nahIM banAnA cAhie aura gopanIya kArya ke viSaya meM vicAra-vimarza-bhUmikA nahIM batAnI caahie|' isI prakAra ghanaghora ghana AkAza meM umar3ate haiM, indradhanuSa unheM miTAtA hai, sAgara aura adhika jala preSita karatA hai, aura ghana banate haiM / indra Aveza meM Akara amogha vajra pheMkatA hai, bAdala Ahata hote haiM, Aha bharate haiM, unakI cIkha-pukAra sunakara bijalI kA~pane lagatI hai aura phira sAgara ke nUtana Adeza para bAdala upalavarSA karate haiN| kucha dera bAda bAdala rIta jAte haiN| madhura gulAba kA paudhA apane mitra pavana ko bulAtA hai, apane phUla hilA-hilA kara pavana kA svAgata karatA hai aura pavana AkAza meM jAkara bAdaloM ko ur3A le jAtA hai / isI prakAra sabhI pAtra apane-apane vyaktitvoM se maNDita apanI-apanI kriyAoM meM saMlagna haiN| yaha ina pAtroM kA mAnavIkaraNa nahIM hai apitu inakA sajIvIkaraNa hai| pratyeka pAtra sajIva haiM, vyaktitvayukta haiM aura apanI caryA meM lIna haiN| eka manastattva hai jo sabake andara vidyamAna hai, eka gatizIlatA hai jo sabameM vyApta hai aura eka jIvantatA hai jo sabameM anusyUta hai / kalaza se lekara jhArI taka, svarNa se lekara mATI taka, pRthvI se lekara AkAza va sAgara taka sabhI meM yaha jIvantatA va vyaktitva upalabdha hai| mAnava pAtra to do-eka hI haiM-zilpI kumbhakAra aura seTha yA AtaMkavAdI samUha / munivara ko bhI mAnava pAtroM meM gina liyA jA sakatA hai / inake atirikta zeSa saba mAnavetara pAtra hI haiM-jar3a va jaMgama donoM prakAra ke pAtra, para apane vyaktitva va jIvantatA meM parama sajIva, parama prANavanta / sampUrNa kathya ko cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita kara ke zilpita kiyA gayA hai / mahAkAvya meM kathA krama kI saMracanA, kathA kA prabandhana vizeSa mahattva rakhatA hai| sargabandho mahAkAvyam' ke AdhAra para mahAkAvya sargabaddha hotA hai| 'mUkamATI' sargabaddha nahIM hai, adhyAyoM-paricchedoM meM bhI vibhakta nahIM hai / cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita ho kara racI gaI kathAkRti hai| khaNDoM kI yojanA kathA-krama ko nahIM, kathAkAra kI dRSTi ko udghATita karatI hai / 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha'; 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM'; 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' tathA 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' zIrSaka ke cAra khaNDa sAdhanA ke cAra caraNoM ko rekhAMkita karate haiN| prathama khaNDa sAdhaka dvArA Atmazuddhi kI prApti kA caraNa hai, dvitIya khaNDa sAdhaka dvArA zabda se jJAna kI ora bar3hane kA caraNa hai, tRtIya caraNa sAdhanA meM lIna ho kara apane pApoM ko dhone va puNya ke pAlana kI tapasyA kA caraNa hai tathA caturtha caraNa agni-parIkSA dene aura usameM saphala hone kA caraNa hai / yaha khaNDa vibhAjana saMketa kara rahA hai ki yaha mahAkAvya kathA nahIM, ghaTanA-krama nahIM hai apitu yaha to sAdhanA kI, tapasyA kI, muni banane kI prakriyA kA zabdAMkana hai, na isase kucha kama, na kucha j'yaadaa|
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________________ 72 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'mUkamATI' kI racanAdharmitA kA vAstavika kSetra hai isakA abhivyakti zilpa / kAvya to hRdayodbhUta nirAkAra avyakta tattva hotA hai / usakA varNa, rekhAe~, bhaMgimAe~, AyAma tathA koNa kyA haiM, kaise haiM, isakI anubhUti hotI hai mAtra isake svAmI ko / usa anubhUti ko usakI sampUrNa varNacchaTA meM, AkAra-prakAra meM prakAzita karake sarvajana sulabha banA denA abhivyakti-zilpa kA hI kArya hotA hai / kathya kA rUpa - svarUpa kavi meM antarbhUta cintaka kI sRSTi hotI hai aura usakI abhivyakti kavi meM antarnihita kalAkAra kI / 'mUkamATI' kA kavi jaisA anupama cintaka hai vaisA hI viziSTa kalAkAra / isa santa kalAkAra ne abhivyakti ke mAdhyama bhASA - tattva kA jisa kauzala evaM sahaja adhikAra se prayoga kiyA hai, vaha sthAna-sthAna para cakita karatA hai / bhASA kI gati usake chanda meM dekhI jAtI hai / prAya: mahAkAvya sunirdiSTa chandoM meM likhe jAte haiM, sargAnta meM chanda parivartita hotA hai jo ki agale sarga meM kathA - krama ke parivartana kA saMketa-sUcaka hotA hai / 'mUkamATI' meM chanda kathA-krama ke anusAra parivartita nahIM hotA apitu mraSTA kalAkAra kI saMvedanA kI taraMgoM va bhaMgimAoM ke anusAra kahIM sarapaTa daur3atA hai, kahIM z2arA ruka kara vizleSaNa karatA hai, kahIM uchAleM letA hai, kahIM prazna para prazna dAg2atA hai aura kahIM zAnta citta kI eka dhavala ha~sI ko vyakta karatA hai| isa chanda kA koI nAma nahIM hai- yaha kevala chanda hai bhAva ke nartana kA svara, tAla, bhAva ke saMgIta kI laya aura anubhUti kA AkAra, yathA : O " isa avasara para / pUrA-pUrA parivAra A / upasthita hotA hai..... tairatI huI machaliyoM se / uThatI huI tarala- taraMgeM / taraMgoM se ghirI machaliyA~ aisI lagatI haiM ki / saba ke hAthoM meM / eka-eka phUla-mAlA hai|" (pR. 76) "bhA~ti-bhA~ti kI lakar3iyA~ saba / pUrva kI bhA~ti kahA~ rahIM aba ! saba ne AtmasAt kara/agni pI DAlI basa ! O O yA, ise yU~ kaheM - / agni ko janma dekara agni meM lIna huIM ve / " (pR. 282 ) " kAyotsarga kA visarjana huA, / seTha ne apane vinIta karoM se atithi ke abhaya-cihna - cihnita / ubhaya kara-kamaloM meM saMyamopakaraNa diyA mayUra-paMkhoM kA/jo / mRdula komala laghu maMjula hai / " (pR. 343) uparyukta udAharaNoM meM chanda manda gati se, Thahare - sadhe pagoM se mAnoM rAjapatha para Tahala rahA hai - sIdhA, zAnta, spaSTa, anudvign| ina tIna uddharaNoM meM chanda kA svarUpa nirdhAraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / inameM mAtrAoM kI gaNanA nahIM kI jA sakatI, kyoMki ve sama nahIM haiM, yaha to kevala chanda hai, gati-bhaMgimA / isameM saMgItakAra gAyaka dvArA lI jAne vAlI tAneM palaTeM haiM- pRSTha 262 - 264 tathA 290 Adi / aura aneka sthAnoM para chanda kI gati saMgIta samAroha meM huI gAyaka va tabalAvAdaka kI guNapradarzinI saMgati kI yAda dilA detA hai / gati to hai chanda, parantu gati hai kisakI ? bhASA kI aura bhASA para nizcita rUpa se lekhaka kA adhikAra hai aura lekhaka ne bhASA kA prayoga pUrNa adhikAra ke sAtha kiyA hai| saMskRtaniSTha bhASA, zuddha tatsama zabda eka lokottara samAja va pariveza kA nirmANa sahaja hI kara DAlate haiM- kumbhakAra, dezanA, sImAtIta zUnyAkAza, bodhi, sallekhanA, kaSAya, vyAdhi, upAdhi, upAzrama, prabhAkara, jaladhi, ratnAkara, pagatalI, paga-nikSepa, jalAMjalI, dhauvya, rasakUpa, udvega, USmA, lezyA, upazamana, kASThA-parAkASThA, prAsuka, gandhodaka, kAyotsarga, ghRtAMza, vaiSayika bhoga-lipsA, sArahInA, vipadA pradAyinI Adi zabda hindI ke hote hue bhI eka hindItara vAtAvaraNa kI evaM prakArAntara se eka anya lokAtIta samAja ke vAtAvaraNa kI racanA kara DAlate haiM / usa vAtAvaraNa meM kRti kA sandeza sahaja grAhya ho uThatA hai / 'mUkamATI' ke zabda
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 73 prayoga kI eka vizeSatA vizeSa rUpa se dhyAtavya hai-vaha hai zabda-rUpa kA anvaya karake, usake antara meM chipe artha stara kA zodha-parizodha / zabda vAstava meM eka artha kA AkAra hI to hotA hai / zabda nirmANa kI prakriyA kA sahI anveSaNa bhASA vaijJAnikoM ke vaza kI bAta bhI nahIM hai / 'mUkamATI' ke racayitA ne zabdoM ke abhidheyArtha ko nahIM apitu usake AsapAsa vartamAna artha pariveza ko gaharA TaTolakara usake sahI artha kA nirdhAraNa kiyA hai, aura usI artha kA prayoga kiyA hai| isa krama meM zabdoM ko kahIM tor3A hai, kahIM khaNDita kiyA hai, kahIM usake varNa-krama ko ulaTA hai aura kahIMkahIM va-ba, ra-la, la-Da, sa-za Adi kA paraspara parivartana bhI kiyA hai / i aura I meM tathA u aura a meM bhI yathAruci parivartana va sthAnAntaraNa kiyA gayA hai| jaladhi ko jar3a-dhI, 'avasara' ko 'aba-sara', vaikharI ko 'bai-kharI', mahilA ko 'mahI-lA' tathA isI prakAra abalA, sutA, duhitA Adi zabdoM ke nae vyutpattyartha khoje gae haiN| kalazI ko 'kala-sI' kaha kara usakA nayA artha kiyA gayA hai / zabdoM ke rUpa bhI yathAruci, yathAvazyakatA badale athavA nae nirmita kie gae haiN| kucha vizeSaNoM meM Age 'ima' pratyaya lagAkara unake vizeSaNatva para mAnoM aura adhika balAghAta diyA gayA hai- jaise saralima, taralima, dhvlim...| 'mUkamATI' 'kalA kalA ke lie' kA kAvya nahIM hai| isakI racanA eka gahana, gambhIra prayojana kI sAkSI detI hai| Aja ke samAja, jIvana mUlyoM, jIvana vyavahAra, manovijJAna, AcAra-vyavahAra para painI, khojI dRSTi DAlate hue eka kuzala vaidya ke samAna roga kA nidAna evaM samAdhAna donoM prastuta kie gae haiN| nidAna ke sandarbha meM dRSTi pUrNatayA yathArthavAdI hai / jIvana meM cahu~ora hAhAkAra hai kyoMki vyakti 'sva' meM sthita nahIM hai, svastha nahIM hai| 'sva' kI khoja, zodha use nahIM hai / Aja kA vyakti 'sva' kA zodhaka nahIM, 'sva' kA pratiSThApaka hai / vahI pratiSThA use upalabdha nahIM hotI balki pratiyogitA, virodha aura khaNDana prApta hote haiN| vaha sthiti use sahana nahIM hotI aura dveSa-baira utpanna ho jAte haiM evaM bar3ha jAte haiN| para kA utkarSa bhI sahana nahIM hotA aura parAI sampadA ko balapUrvaka apanA banA lene kA prayAsa calatA rahatA hai| saritAoM ke mAdhyama se pRthvI kI sArI sampadA samudra hathiyA letA hai-ratnAkara kahAtA hai, prabhAkara sUrya use vAstavikatA batAkara usakI jor3I sampatti prakAza meM lAnA cAhatA hai, jala kA vASpIkaraNa hotA hai, usase ratnAkara kSubdha hotA hai / apane sahakarmI candra kI sahAyatA letA hai, candra jala ko AkarSita karatA hai aura ratnAkara kI nidhi ko Dhaka detA hai / prabhAkara taba bhI nahIM hAratA to jaladhi jalakaNoM ko bAdala banA kara sUrya ko Dhakane bhejatA hai| bAdaloM ke prayAsa tIvra se tIvratara hote jAte haiN| sUrya-aparAjeya sUrya kA mAnamardana karane va use parAsta karane ke lie ratnAkara rAhu ko bhejatA hai use grasa lene ke lie| sUryagrahaNa hotA hai kintu phira grahaNa dUra bhI ho jAtA hai / indra roSa meM A kara vajra se bAdaloM ko chinna-bhinna kara detA hai para bAdala krodha meM A kara jAte-jAte upala-varSA kara jAte haiN| arthAt isa prakAra duSTajana adhikAdhika zakti se, bala se sujana kI sahI bAta na mAnate hue use parAsta karane kI durabhisandhi meM lIna rahate haiN| kumbhakAra ke satparizrama rUpa kacce kumbha ko sUkhane na dene ke lie tamAma SaDyantra race jAte haiM-A~dhI, pAnI, ole aura saba kucha / dhana varSA bhI kI jAtI hai tAki sAdhanA bhaMga ho jaae| aura dhana para adhikAra jamAne rAjA (zAsaka) upasthita ho jAtA hai, yadyapi vaha apane mantavyoM meM saphala nahIM ho paataa| sAhitya meM mAnava kA hita tattva chipA huA hai| AcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI ne kahA thA ki jo sAhitya janamAnasa ko paramukhApekSitA se nahIM bacA sakatA, vaha nirA vAgjAla hai / sAhitya meM zabda hI zabda to haiM, yadi una zabdoM ke dvArA mAnava kA koI Atyantika kalyANa siddha na hotA ho to usa vAg-vyApAra se kyA lAbha ? aura mahAkAvya ? usa kI mahAnatA kevala AkAra kI, zabda sampadA kI, alaMkAra chaTA kI athavA kalpanA kI ur3Ana kI hI nahIM hotI, usa kA sambandha mAnavatA se hotA hai, mAnava ke sukha-duHkha se, kalyANa se, saMkaToM evaM samasyAoM se usakA ghanA sarokAra hotA hai / isI se palaTa-palaTa kara kavigaNa mahAkAvyoM ke lie aitihAsika, paurANika, pratiSThita prasaMgoM-sandarbho ko
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________________ 74 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA lete haiM, samasAmayika jIvana-vyavasthA ke sandarbha meM usako navIna rUpa se vyAkhyAyita karate haiM aura paramparA kA navInIkaraNa karake use prAsaMgika va upayogI banAte haiN| mahAkavi tulasI ne apane DhaMga se eka purAtana kathA ko samasAmayika sandarbhAnukUla banAkara tAtkAlika jIvana sthitiyoM, samasyAoM, cintana ko usameM jana-kalyANa kI dRSTi se prastuta kiyA thA aura Adhunika kAla meM mahAkavi jayazaMkara prasAda ne mAnava kI sabhyatA ke vikAsa rUpaka ko prAgaitihAsika, prAkpaurANika mahApralaya, avaziSTa deva, santAna, usakI icchA-kriyA-jJAna ke treta ke samIkaraNa kI samasyA ko kathA meM piro kara 'kAmAyanI' meM prastuta kiyA hai| ye donoM hI mahAkAvya apane abhivyakti sauSThava athavA kathAkrama ke lie mUlyavAn nahIM haiN| inake mUlya kA vAstavika AdhAra hai ina kA darzana, mahAkavi kI jIvana dRSTi, jo vizleSaNa ke mArga se guz2ara kara niSkarSa yA sandeza para jAkara ThaharAtI hai| mahAkAvya kA mahAtva' (mahattva) usake 'sandeza' meM nihita hotA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke sandeza kI mahattA usakI zAzvatatA meM bhI hai aura usakI samasAmayika prAsaMgikatA meM bhI / mAnava abhizapta hai samasyA saMkula rahane ke lie| prakRti kI ora se hI use dveSa, vaira, IrSyA, ahaMkAra, hiMsA, zoSaNa Adi pravRttiyA~ milI haiN| parasampadA haraNa, nindA, Atmastuti, AtmapratiSThA, SaDyantra, parapIr3ana, zreSThataratA kA dambha, tulanA Adi vyApAroM meM vaha prAkRtika rUpa se hI rata rahatA hai / ina sabake kAraNa janajIvana kaSToM kA AgAra banA rahatA hai / kaSTa-mukti kI icchA aura vyAkulatA bhI svAbhAvika hai / parantu kaSTamukti kA mArga sukha-suvidhA, sAdhana-sampannatA kA camacamAtA rAjamArga nahIM hai apitu tapasyA, samarpaNa, agni-snAna kA kaThina pantha hai / saMkaratA, doSa, Apat-vipad kA Agamana, ina sabase rAhitya aura mukti-lAbha karake sAdhanA, niSThApUrvaka zuddhi, pavitratA, sampUrNatA kI ora bar3hane kA krama hI tapasyA kA krama hai / yaha to sanAtana satya hai / samasAmayika sandarbho meM samAja eka aura nae prakAra ke kaSTa se pIr3ita ho rahA hai- jisakA nAma hai AtaMkavAda / vizva ke hara kone meM isakA udaya ho cukA hai / samAja, vyakti, zAsana, saMsthAe~ Adi saba isase AtaMkita haiM, trasta haiM aura isake Age vivaza haiM / kAraNa ? navayuvA, jo amita zakti, adamya utsAha aura aparisIma joza se bharapUra hote haiM, ve samAja meM pracalita sahaja jIvana vyavasthAoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa sAdhanA ke sthAna para roSa kA mArga apanA baiThate haiN| svayaM kucha upArjana va siddhi-lAbha karane ke sthAna para dUsare dvArA zramapUrvaka upArjita siddhi, saphalatA ko balapUrvaka chIna lenA cAhate haiM, aura isake lie dala banA kara, zastrAstroM kA prayoga kara ke, apanI yuvA zArIrika zakti kA prayoga karake ve apane manoratha-siddhi meM juTa jAte haiN| sampannoM kI sampannatA ko ve corI, avaidha zoSaNa, samAja virodhitA Adi nAma de-de kara apanI avaidha hiMsAtmaka gatividhiyoM ke lie eka kAraNa, eka utpreraka tattva kI racanA kara lete haiN| aura phira sampUrNa samAja, sampUrNa vAtAvaraNa asurakSita ho uThatA hai, trasta ho uThatA hai, AtaMkita ho uThatA hai / Aja kA samAja laghu-adhika isI mAnasikatA meM jIne ke lie abhizapta ho uThA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM vizeSa rUpa se isa samasyA para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| donoM daloM kA mAnasika vizleSaNa karake kucha niSkarSoM para pahu~cA gayA hai : "yaha bAta nizcita hai ki/mAna ko TIsa pahuMcane se hI, AtaMkavAda kA avatAra hotA hai |/ati-possnn yA ati-zoSaNa kA bhI yahI pariNAma hotA hai, taba/jIvana kA lakSya banatA hai, zodha nahIM, badale kA bhAva"pratizodha !/jo ki/mahA-ajJAnatA hai, dUradarzitA kA abhAva para ke lie nahIM,/apane lie bhI ghAtaka !" (pR. 418) AtaMkavAdiyoM kI mAnasikatA va sampanna samAja ke prati unakI dhAraNA draSTavya hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 75 "are pAtako, Thaharo !/pApa kA phala pAnA hai tumheM/dharma kA colA pahanakara adharma kA dhana chupAne vAlo !/sahI-sahI batAo,/kitanA dhana lUTA tumane kitane jIvana TUTe tumase !" (pR. 426) isa mAnasikatA kA svAmI AtaMkavAda jaba bhI parAbhUta hotA hai to puna:-punaH bhar3aka uThatA hai, kyoMki : "eka bAra aura/usakA Dara bhara uThA hai/udvignatA se-utpIr3ana se aura/parAbhava se utpanna huI/ucchRkhala uSNatA se / " (pR. 437) unakI dhAraNA yaha hai : 0 "AsthA kahA~ hai samAjavAda meM tumhArI ?/sabase Age maiM samAja bAda meM !" (pR.461) "aba dhana-saMgraha nahIM,/jana-saMgraha karo!/aura/lobha ke vazIbhUta ho aMdhAdhundha saMkalita kA/samucita vitaraNa karo/anyathA, dhanahInoM meM/corI ke bhAva jAgate haiM, jAge haiN|" (pR.467-468) aura sandeza yaha hai ki jaba AtaMkavAdI apanA aparAdha svIkAra karake samAja kI zaraNa meM Ae~ to mA~ ke samAna samAja ko unheM godI meM svIkAra kara lenA cAhie, kSamA kara denA cAhie : "turanta zizu ko jhelatI/mamatA kI mUrti mA~-sama parivAra ne dala ko jhelaa|" (pR. 477) aura taba hotA hai : "AtaMkavAda kA anta/aura/anantavAda kA zrIgaNeza / " (pR. 478) kavi kA yaha sandeza sarvAdhika prAsaMgika evaM samasAmayika hai / usameM nihita sandeza evaM dRSTi paryApta mukhara haiN| 'mUkamATI' kevala eka mahAkAvya hI nahIM hai, prAsaMgika mUlyoM vAlA sAhityika Adhunika mahAkAvya hai / isakA svAgata pAThaka jagat dvArA honA avazyambhAvI hai| manda manda suganya pavana baha rarAra; bahanA hI jIvana hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : cintana evaM anucintana DaoN. ghanazyAma vyAsa jIvana meM karma kI sthiti mahattvapUrNa evaM ucca hotI hai| mAnava kA karma ke prati AsthA kA honA atyadhika Avazyaka hai| AsthA ke sAtha mAnava vicAra karane kI ora agrasara huA thaa| mAnava ne jisa samaya se vicAra karanA prArambha kara diyA thA aura vANI zabdoM kI laharoM kA nirmANa karate hue saritA ke sadRza pravAhita hone lagI thI, usa samaya se kAvya sRjana kA krama prArambha ho gayA thA / isI ke sAtha jIvana meM AsthA aura anAsthA kA krama bhI prArambha ho gayA thA / kAvya mAnava-jIvana ke isa pakSa hala karane kI hI ora agrasara hotA rahA hai| pariNAmata: jIvana apane mUla meM astitva kI samanvayavAdI sthiti ko grahaNa karatA huA apane patha kI ora nirantara agrasara hai| isa krama kI abhivyakti kA samayagata nidarzana kAvya meM kaI bAra dRSTigata hotA hai aura kaI bAra samanvita hotA hai / isa sambandha meM vistRta carcA na karate hue yaha kaha denA hI samucita samajhatA hU~ ki kAvya aura mAnava yA vyakti yA manuSya eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiN| isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki mAnava ne jaba apanA astitva samajhanA prArambha kara diyA thA, usI samaya se hI vANI ke mAdhyama se zabda kramagata rUpa meM nirUpita hone lage the / tadanantara inhIM zabdoM ne viziSTa kramAntargata kAvya kA svarUpa dhAraNa kiyaa| isI ke sambandha meM maiM yahA~ vicAra karane ke lie tatpara hU~ / hindI sAhitya kA vikAsa-krama vidvAnoM ne dasavIM zatAbdI se mAnA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne AThavIM zatAbdI se mAnA hai| maiM isa vivAda meM nahIM par3atA aura sIdhA Adhunika kAla kI ora agrasara hotA hU~ / vivecya kRti kA sambandha bhI Adhunika kAla se hI hai / isameM sandeha nahIM ki kAvya lekhana do prakAra se hotA hai - gadya aura padya meM / prArambha meM kAvya padya meM hI likhA jAtA thA / gadya kA pracalana kAlAntara meM huA hai| hindI ke vikAsa krama kI ora dhyAna dene para jJAta ho jAtA hai ki rItikAla taka kAvya padya meM hI likhA gayA hai| chuTa-puTa lekhana gadya meM huA hogA / isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki sAmAnya jana padya meM likhe jAne vAle sAhitya ko kAvya ke nAma se samajhane lage aura gadya meM likhe sAhitya ko kAvya kahane meM hicakate haiM / yaha bhI eka viDambanA hai| kAvya ko eka zailI taka hI bA~dhane kA kArya kiyA hai / vAstava meM sAhitya kI samasta vidhAe~ kAvya ke antargata hI AtI haiM / kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki gadya meM likhA jAne vAlA sAhitya, yathA - kahAnI, nibandha, upanyAsa Adi sabhI kAvyAntargata hI hai / 1 Adhunika hindI sAhitya kA vikAsa krama apane Apa meM mahattvapUrNa hai / isI krama meM AcArya vidyAsAgara kI kRti 'mUkamATI' bhI AtI hai| AcAryapravara ne kAvya ke lie jo viSaya cunA hai vaha apane Apa meM zreSTha evaM anupama hai / mUkamATI' para vicAra karane ke pUrva Adhunika hindI sAhitya meM 'padya - sAhitya kA vikAsa krama' kI ora agrasara hotA hU~ / tadanantara 'mUkamATI' ke anucintana kI ora baDhU~gA / nikAla ke sambandha meM vistArapUrvaka vivecana na karate hue saMkSipta nirUpaNa hI karU~gA / AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne Adhunika kAla kA prArambha vikrama saMvat 1900 se mAnA hai, jise IsvI san 1850 ke karIba mAna sakate haiN| vaise donoM ke kAlakrama meM 57 varSoM kA antara hai / Adhunika kAla ne tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM ke AdhAra para hI apanA vikAsa kiyA hai / tadanurUpa sAhityakAroM ke sAhitya kA vikAsa huA aura sAhityakAroM ne tadanurUpa vikAsa bhI kiyA hai / Adhunika kAla kI eka vizeSatA yaha bhI hamAre samakSa spaSTa hotI hai ki prArambha meM lekhakoM ke AdhAra para nAma haiM aura pravRtti ke AdhAra para nAma haiN| vidvAnoM ne vikAsa krama ko nimnata: nirUpita kiyA hai : 1. bhAratendu yuga : IsvI san 1850 se 1900 IsvI san taka
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 77 2. dvivedI yuga : IsvI san 1900 se 1918 IsvI san taka 3. chAyAvAdI yuga : IsvI san 1918 se 1936 IsvI san taka 4. pragativAdI yuga : IsvI san 1936 se 1943 IsvI san taka 5. prayogavAdI yuga : IsvI san 1943 se 1948 IsvI san taka 6. svAtantryottara yuga : IsvI san 1948 se adya taka maiM yahA~ pratyeka yuga kA viziSTa DhaMga se vivecana na karate hue atyanta saMkSipta nirUpaNa karU~gA / arthAt kevala vizeSatAoM kA hI ullekha karU~gA / vaha bhI isa kAraNa ullikhita karanA Avazyaka samajhatA hU~ ki una sabakA 'mUkamATI' meM kisa prakAra samAhAra huA hai, jJAta ho ske| 1. bhAratendu yuga : bhAratendu yuga ke kAvya meM rASTrIyatA kI bhAvanA vikasita huI hai / sAmAjikatA kI bhAvanA ko isa samaya pramukha sthAna diyA gyaa| nArI-zikSA, aspRzyatA, sAmAjika kurItiyA~ Adi para kavitAe~ racI giiN| kavitA meM navInatA evaM prAcInatA kA adbhuta samanvaya dRSTigata hotA hai / prakRti-citraNa Alambana rUpa meM adhika huA hai| hAsya-vyaMgya ke bhI racanAoM meM darzana hote haiM / atIta kA gaurava-gAna rASTrIyatA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kiyA gayA hai| isa samaya se gadya kA pracalana bhI vizeSa rUpa meM hone lagA thaa| 2. dvivedI yuga : dvivedI yuga meM deza-prema kI bhAvanA vizeSa rUpa se mukharita huI hai / dhArmika-cetanA kA vikAsAtmaka samAveza huA / kAvya meM itivRttAtmakatA kI pravRtti spaSTa hotI hai| sAmAjika-cetanA kA vikasita svarUpa dRSTigata hotA hai / kurItiyoM ko samApta karane kI AvAja utthaaii| isa samaya gadya kA vikAsa vizeSa rUpa se huA aura AcArya mahAvIraprasAda dvivedI ne khar3I bolI ko vyAkaraNa sammata banAne kA mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyaa| prakRti kA vividha rUpoM meM citraNa huaa| dvivedIyugIna kAvya kI sarvazreSTha vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha nItiparaka evaM AdarzavAdI hai| 3. chAyAvAdI yuga : chAyAvAdI kAvya meM saundarya-cetanA kA pakSa nArI-saundarya evaM prakRti-saundarya- donoM rUpoM meM prakaTa huA hai / isa samaya prema kI sUkSma abhivyakti huI hai / isa samaya AtmaniSThatA ke sAtha vaiyaktikatA ubhara kara sAmane AI hai| kAvya meM rahasya bhAvanA vyakta huI hai| kAvya meM Atma-vedanA, pIr3A, karuNA Adi kA svara mukharita huA hai| nArI-sammAna kI bhAvanA kA vikAsa huA hai / isa samaya kI zreSTha vizeSatA - mAnavatAvAdI dhAraNA kA vikAsa, mAnavIya pahaluoM ke sAtha rASTra-prema kI ora vizeSa unmukha huA / prakRti kA mAnavIkaraNa prakRti-citraNa ke sAtha huA hai evaM kAvya-kalpanA kA pracura rUpa meM darzana hotA hai| 4. pragativAdI yuga : pragativAdI yuga ke kAvya meM zoSita varga ke prati sahAnubhUti vyakta karane kI pravRtti dRSTigata hotI hai / isI ke sAtha rUr3hiyoM kA virodha, Izvara kI sattA, AtmA, dharma ke prati vidroha kI bhAvanA prakaTa karanA Adi dRSTigata hotA hai / sabakA jIvana samAna karane kI bAta nirUpita kI gaI hai / zoSakoM ke prati ghRNA pramukha rUpa se ubhara kara AI hai / kAvya meM krAnti kI bhAvanA, mAnavatAvAdI dRSTikoNa, nArI svAtantrya kI bulanda AvAz2a mukharita huI hai| isI ke sAtha mukta chanda kI ora kavitA tejI se bar3hI hai| 5. prayogavAdI kavitA : prayogavAda taka pahu~cate-pahu~cate kavitA ghora vyaktivAdI ho gii| kavitA meM ati yathArthavAda kA citraNa prArambha ho gayA jo nagna yathArtha taka pahu~ca gayA / isI ke sAtha ati bauddhikatA ke bhI darzana hote haiN| kAvya meM vyaMgya kI pravRtti adhika mukhara hokara sAmane AI hai / ina pakSoM ke sAtha isa samaya upamAnoM meM navInatA, viSayoM meM navInatA tathA zailI meM navInatA ke spaSTa darzana hote haiN| yahA~ taka Ate-Ate sAhitya kA krama apane pUrNa vikAsa ko nirUpita karane lagA tathA rASTra ne bhI apanI naI
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________________ 78 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA karavaTa lI, jise hama svatantratA kahate haiN| 'mUkamATI' isa yuga ke vikAsa-krama ko nirUpita karane kI ora agrasara huI hai, isakA hI maiM vivecana kruuNgaa| 'mUkamATI' kI ora : kAvya kI kramAgata sthiti apane Apa meM zreSTha aura bandhanamukta hai / yaha tathya samajha lenA bhI Avazyaka hai| maiM yaha kahU~ ki AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara ne mATI sadRza sAmAnya vastu para vizAla kavitva kyoM kara prastuta kiyA ? kahanA hI galata hai| jIvana ke kSetra kA adhyayana karane para jJAta ho jAtA hai ki mATI kI kyA sthiti hai aura vaha vizva ke tattvoM meM kisa rUpa meM svIkArya hai| isa sambandha meM maiM eka ghaTanA kA ullekha kara denA Avazyaka samajhatA huuN| maiM maoNDala milsa meM klarka thA aura snAtaka kakSA meM adhyayana karatA thaa| mahAvidyAlaya meM tatkSaNa vaktRtva pratiyogitA kA Ayojana kiyA gayA thaa| samaya sandhyA chaha baje se sAta baje kA rahA hogaa| maiM milsa se ghara bhojana ke lie isI samaya jAtA thaa| maiMne bhI pratiyogitA meM bhAga liyA thaa| usa samaya mujhe mere eka mitra ne pUchA thA ki isake pahale kabhI kahIM para sabake sAmane khar3e hokara kucha kahA hai ? maiMne kahA- 'maine isake pUrva kabhI kahIM kucha nahIM kahA aura skUla meM to kucha kahane kA sAhasa bhI nahIM kiyA thaa| taba usane kahA-'dosta, tama nizcita rUpa se kA~pate hae vApasa aaoge|' maiMne khaa-'dekheNge|' isa pratiyogitA kA niyama hotA hai-apane pUrva bolane vAle vaktA ke sAtha vaktavya prArambha karane ke samaya viSaya kI ciTa nikAlanI par3atI hai / yaha bAta hai IsvI san 1956-57 kI / nAma pukArane para maiMne ciTa nikAla lii| viSaya nikalA 'dhuul'| dhUla kA artha hotA hai 'mittttii'-maattii| maiMne apanA vaktavya prArambha kiyA thA : "anala anila jala gagana rasA hai/ina pA~coM para vizva basA hai|" pariNAma nikalA thA - mujhe prathama puraskAra prApta huA thaa| yaha hai mATI kI mahimA ki prathama bAra vaktavya dene ko khar3e hone ke uparAnta bhI prathama sthAna kA adhikArI bana gayA thaa| usa samaya mujhe atyadhika Azcarya huA thA aura mere mitra kI sthiti to adbhuta ho gaI thii| aura use maiM kahU~gA-darzanIya / maiMne anubhava kiyA ki puraskAra mujhe nahIM, use prApta huA hai vaha Ananda-vibhora hokara nRtya karane lagA thaa| isa ghaTanA kA vivaraNa maine diyA hai-kevala mATI se sambandhita hone ke kaarnn| isI ke sAtha mere mitra ke ni:svArtha bhAva se puSTa Ananda kA ullekha karane hetu bhii| mATI kA yahI to sarvazreSTha guNa hai| vaha apane lie nahIM-zeSa sabake lie bhI hai / aise adbhuta evaM mahanIya tattva ko AcAryazrI ne apane kAvya kA viSaya banAyA hai| rasA'zabda artha kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai, kyoMki mAnava kA vAstavika vikAsa pRthvI ke sAnnidhya meM hI huA hai aura rasA kA artha hI pRthvI hai| saca to yaha hai ki mAnava ne kAvya-lekhana mATI kI sumadhura gandha ke sAnnidhya meM baiThakara hI prArambha kiyA thaa| jIvana kA krama hI isase puSTa hai jo kAvya ke paricAlana meM apane Apa anupama hai, advitIya hai / yahI bAta AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara ne apane kAvya grantha meM kahI hai, jo jIvana kI dRSTi se sahaja hone ke sAtha-sAtha darzana pakSa ko bhI nirUpita karatI hai / jIvana ke sAtha sahaja gati se darzana kA puSTIkaraNa kAvya ke saundarya ko dviguNita kara detA hai| usake lie bhI yaha tathya Avazyaka hai ki usameM durUhatA yA jaTilatA nahIM AnI caahie| vaha sahaja rUpa meM bodhagamya honA caahie| darzana kI paheliyA~ bUjhanA usakA kArya nahIM honA caahie| maiM spaSTa rUpa se kaha sakatA hU~ ki prastuta kRti 'mUkamATI' isa dRSTi se sazakta racanA hai / mujhe yahA~ kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai ki mAnava-kAyA pA~ca tattvoM kA yaugika rUpa hai aura usameM bhI rasA' kA astitva vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / mAnava-kAyA kA krama pRthvI tattva arthAt 'rasA' yAnI mATI' para hI AdhArita hai| isa pakSa ko na to AcAryazrI nakAra sakate haiM aura na hI vizva kA koI anya prANI hii| usameM maiM bhI A gayA / mATI kA guNa-dharma hai AkAra dhAraNa karanA / yaha AkAra mATI kA krama hai, jisameM vizva ke anya cAra tattva kramaza: apanA krama sannihita karate haiM aura AkAra ko aneka guNoM se sampanna karate haiN| isa vivaraNa se yaha to
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 79 samajha meM A hI jAtA hai ki AkAra dhAraNa karane kI zakti kevala mATI meM hai aura anya tattva use apanI zakti se paricAlita karate haiM, jisakA pariNAma hotA hai-sajIvatA / paMca tattvoM meM AkAra grahaNa kI kSamatA se mATI puSTa hai, anya tattva usake sAnnidhya meM rahakara jIvana ke jIvanta pakSa ko ujAgara karate haiN| aba prazna upasthita hotA hai ki mATI zreSTha yA anya tattva zreSTha ? yaha prazna ina tattvoM se kiyA jAya to hameM yahI uttara milegA ki hama saba barAbara haiM, sama haiN| hama Apasa meM U~ca-nIca yA zreSThatva kA bhAva nahIM rakhate haiN| hama apanI-apanI zakti ke anusAra kArya karate haiM aura karma meM rata rahate haiM, tAki jIvana garvahIna, nirvikalpa bhAva se vyatIta hotA rahe / jIvana kA satya to yaha hai ki hama pA~coM milakara hI jIvana ke krama meM sannihita hote haiM, anyathA pratyeka apanI-apanI sthiti taka hI sImita rahatA aura jIvana se pare rahatA / saca to yaha hai ki jIva tattva kA mahattva sammilana meM hai, pRthakatva meM nhiiN| itanA saba kucha hote hue bhI hama saba yaha svIkAra karane meM nahIM hicakicAte ki AkAra grahaNa karane kI zakti kevala 'rasA' meM hai, jo mATI kahalAtI hai / jIvana rUpa meM hI nihita hai, ata: use hama hamArA astitva sthala mAnate haiN| mujhe usa samaya Azcarya huA ki 'mUkamATI' ke 'prastavana' meM likhA hai : "sabase pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki mATI jaisI akiMcana, pada-dalita aura tuccha vastu ko mahAkAvya kA viSaya banAne kI kalpanA hI nitAnta anokhI hai|" maiM samajha nahIM sakA ki zrI lakSmIcandra jaina sadRza vidvAn ne mATI ko tuccha kaise mAna liyA jabaki vaha paMca tattvoM meM se eka hai aura AkAra grahaNa kI zakti kevala mATI meM hI hai| usakI dArzanikatA kA to vivaraNa isake pUrva Adi kAla se hI jJAta hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mahAtmA kabIra sadRza santa kavi ne kahA hai : "mATI kahe kumhAra sUM, tU kyA rUMdhai mohi / ika dina aisA AyagA, maiM saiMdhUMgI tohi // " isI ke sAtha zrI lakSmIcandra jI jaina ne kahA hai : "dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki mATI kI tucchatA meM carama bhavyatA ke darzana karake usakI vizuddhatA ke upakrama ko mukti kI maMgala-yAtrA ke rUpaka meM DhAlanA kavitA ko adhyAtma ke sAtha abheda kI sthiti meM pahu~cAnA hai|" merA isa sambandha meM spaSTa mata hai ki AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara ne apane kavi-karma ko jIvana-saMgIta ke aise tattva se sannihita kara apane bhAva-loka ko sahaja gati se dArzanika tathyoM kI ora agrasara kiyA hai ki sAmAnya jana bhI usakI gUr3hatA ko AtmasAt kara le / mATI jIvana ko AkAra pradAna karatA hai aura anya tattva jIvantatA pradatta karate haiN| isa prakAra mATI apane Apa meM sarvazreSTha evaM anupama hai, use maiM tuccha mAnya nahIM karatA / usameM hI sahaja gati hai aura sajIvatA ko sthAna pradAna karane kI zakti hai / pariNAmataH sajIvatA apanI gati se sanmArga kI ora agrasara hotI hai / AcAryazrI ne sambhavata: isI krama ko dhyAna meM rakhakara apanI mUla dhAraNA ko vizva ke samakSa prastuta kiyA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke kathya kI ora dhyAna dene para jJAta ho jAtA hai ki sampUrNa kAvya prakRti kI mUla cetanA se AplAvita hai| prakRti kA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa tattva hai 'mATI', jise hI kAvya kA viSaya banAyA hai| jisa samaya vicAraka isa ora vicAra karane ke lie agrasara hotA hai to use sahaja meM hI svIkAra karanA par3atA hai ki kAvya kA Arambha hI prakRti ke sAnnidhya se huA hai| prakRti ke kaNa-kaNa se kAvya sarAbora hai / prakRti kI cetanatA, prakRti kA sUkSma nirIkSaNa, jIvana kI yathArthatA, cetanA kI vizuddha cirantanatA kA nirUpaNa karate hue AcAryazrI ne jIvana kI pAvana bhAva-bhUmi kA adbhuta pakSa udghATita kiyA hai| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI kRti 'mUkamATI' ke antargata nihita vicAra tantuoM ke sAtha kAvyAtmakatA kA vivecana karane ke pUrva kRti kI prakRti ke sambandha meM vicAra kara lenA Avazyaka samajhatA huuN|
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________________ 80 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA - bhAratIya sAhitya zAstra ne sAhitya kI sthiti kA vivaraNa gahanatA ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai aura sAhitya meM likhita aneka rUpoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / 'mUkamATI' kA paThana prArambha karane ke pUrva usake AkAra kI ora dekhane para siddha ho jAtA hai ki kRti mahAkAya hai aura viSaya bhI paMca tattvoM meM se eka tattva se sambandhita hai tathA jisameM AkAra grahaNa karane kI kSamatA hai| pariNAmata: maiM ise 'tattva' ke AdhAra para hI mahAn svIkAra karate hue vicAra karane kI ora agrasara hotA hU~ / vaise 'mUkamATI' kA vistAra cAra sau aThAsI pRSThoM ke madhya phailA huA hai / ata: mahAkAya to apane Apa hI hai| bhAratIya sAhitya zAstra meM mahAkAvya kI paribhASA nirUpita hai| samasta pakSoM ke sAtha ucca evaM zreSTha nAyaka Avazyaka hai| vidyAsAgarajI kI kRti kA kendra-sthala hai-'mATI'-vaha bhI mUka / kAvya kA nAyaka bolatA hai, calatA hai, karma karatA hai, parantu mUkamATI to kevala sthira rahatI hai / kyA mUkamATI' ko kevala vizAla AkAra ke kAraNa hI mahAkAvya svIkAra kara liyA jAya ? yaha pakSa utanA sArthaka siddha nahIM hotaa| jIvana kI zreSThatA udAtta vicAroM meM nihita hotI hai evaM sadbhAva pUrNa tathyoM se paripuSTa hotI hai| kAvya meM ramyatA ko AcAryoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai / prAcIna AcAryoM ne mahAkAvya kI vyAkhyA karate hue usake nAyaka meM udAtta bhAva ko vizeSa rUpa se dekhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / yaha udAttatA kyA hai ? sahaja rUpa meM svIkAra karanA par3atA hai ki udAttatA hI jIvana ke zreSThatva ko puSTa karatI hai| bhAratIya sAhitya zAstra meM udAtta tattva kI sthApanA yatratatra milatI hai / isI ke sAtha ucca vicAra, sAhasa, zakti-sampannatA Adi pakSoM kA bhI nirUpaNa milatA hai / isI ke AdhAra para mahAkAvya ke nAyaka kI sthiti ko mAnya kiyA gayA hai / 'mUkamATI' ke sambandha meM nAyakatva kI sthiti kA krama suspaSTa nahIM hai, parantu kumbhakAra kA citraNa aneka sthitiyoM ko citrita karatA hai evaM vizuddha bhAvoM ke nirUpaNa meM pUrNa sahayoga pradAna karatA hai / maiM yahA~ mahAkAvya kI viziSTa paribhASA nahIM denA cAhatA parantu prAcIna AcAryoM ke matoM ke AdhAra para hI Adhunika bhAvabodha ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue kahanA cAhatA hU~ ki kAvya kA karma sadbhAvoM kI dhArA ko nirantara pravAhita karanA hai evaM jo kAvya isa dRSTi se puSTa hai vaha apane kalevara aura vicAra tantra ke AdhAra para mahAkAvya mAnya kiyA jA sakatA hai / AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI kRti 'mUkamATI' apane vicAra tantra, vizuddha bhAvAtmakatA, udAtta jIvana pakSa kA nirUpaNa, jIvana ke satya pakSa se sannihita itivRtta, vastu vyApAra evaM saMvAdAtmaka ghaTanA citraNa ke sAtha anupama bhAva-vyaMjanA ke kAraNa mahAkAvya svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai| maiM ise Adhunika jIvana dRSTi aura sama-sAmayika vastu tantra-yojanA kI pRSThabhUmi ke antargata mahAkAvya svIkAra karatA huuN| maiM isa mata kA bhI hU~ ki kAvya kRti jIvana ke udAtta pakSa se puSTa hotI huI nirantara jIvana-satya ke sAtha, sadbhAvoM ko puSTa karane meM sakSama hai to ise mahAkAvya mAnya karanA cAhie / 'mUkamATI' kA jahA~ taka prazna hai, usameM jIvana kI adamya vAsanA ke tyAga kI aura jIvana ko nimna se ucca patha kI ora agrasara karane kI hI mUla cetanA nihita hai / bhAratIya AcAryoM ke sadRza pAzcAtya AcArya lAMjAinasa ne bhI kAvya meM udAtta tattva ko mahattva pUrNa mAnA hai / maiM mahAkAvyatva ke sambandha meM adhika vicAra na karate hue anya pakSa kI ora agrasara hotA hU~ - yaha kahakara ki 'mUkamATI' nizcita rUpa se Adhunika bhAvabodha evaM samasAmayikatA ke AdhAra para ucca koTi kA mahAkAvya hai| 'mUkamATI' kA kathAnaka ___ AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara kA kAvya 'mUkamATI' mUlata: eka AcArya kI kRti hai, jaina darzana ke vidvAn manISI kI kRti hai| satya ke prati sajaga santa kavi kI kRti kI ora dhyAna dene para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vaha kRti ke mAdhyama se sUtrapAta karanA cAhatA hai yA apane dvArA anubhUta jIvana-yAtrA ke kramabaddha itihAsa ko zabdamaya rUpa meM prastuta karate hue saMsAra ke prati isa prakAra apane ko saMyata rakhane kA krama svIkAra karanA caahie| niyati ke sAtha kisa prakAra mAnava kI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 81 kriyAe~ sannihita rahatI haiM aura kisa prakAra vaha apane karma ke mAdhyama se ucca patha kA pathika bana jAtA hai, aise krama ko vivecita karane ke lie kathA kA AdhAra svIkAra karanA hI par3atA hai| 'mUkamATI' kA kathAnaka kyA hai - isa sambandha meM vicAra karane ke pUrva maiM yaha samajhAnA Avazyaka samajhatA hU~ ki 'kathA' se hamArA kyA tAtparya hai ? mAnava-vikAsa ke siddhAnta kI ora dhyAna dete haiM to jJAta ho jAtA hai ki prArambha meM mAnava kucha bhI nahIM samajhatA thaa| vaha dhIre-dhIre kramaza: apane Asa-pAsa ke vAtAvaraNa ko samajhane lagA thA / tadanantara use dhvaniyoM kA jJAna prApta huA aura usane una dhvaniyoM ke mAdhyama se apanI vicAraNA prastuta karane kA krama prArambha kiyA thA / kAlAntara meM mAnava ne zabda aura vANI ke sahayoga se jIvana-patha para agrasara honA prArambha kiyA thaa| yahI krama vikasita hote hue kAvya kI sthiti ko prApta kara sakA hai| isameM eka bAta mahattvapUrNa rahI hai - vaha hai, mere sAtha anya kI sthiti kA honA / anya kI sthiti ke abhAva meM kucha bhI kahanA vyartha hai, nirarthaka hai / yahI tathya kathA ke sambandha mAnya kiyA jA sakatA hai| kathA bhI isI bhAvArtha ko sannihita kie hai| kathA ke mUla meM 'kath' hai - yaha saMskRta kI dhAtu hai / kathA kI vyutpatti isI se mAnya kI gaI hai, jisakA sAdhAraNa artha hai - 'vaha, jo kahA jAtA hai / ' jaba maiM vicAra karatA hU~ to sahaja meM hI svIkAra karanA par3atA ki maiM kucha bhI kahatA hU~ to usakI sArthakatA anya ke kAraNa hI hai arthAt mere atirikta anya kI sthiti nitAnta Avazyaka hai| maiM jo kucha kaha rahA hU~, use avazya hI sunane ko tatpara ho| isa prakAra kathA eka se adhika kI sthiti ko svIkAra karatI hai, jo jIvana kA mUla pakSa hai / ekAnta jIvana nahIM hai / sAtha honA jIvana kA pratIka hai| Antar sAhitya kI ora dhyAna dene para yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki vaha eka se adhika ke prati hI Asakta hai| eka kA vahA~ koI astitva nahIM hai / 'mUkamATI' AcAryazrI ke vicAroM kA spandana hai aura jIvana ke bhoga kA abhoga rUpa hai, jise ve sabake lie-jana-kalyANa ke lie prastuta karane ko tatpara haiM 'mUkamATI' ke mAdhyama se / ataH yaha svIkArya tathya hai ki 'mUkamATI' kathAmaya hai / ata: usakA kathAnaka aisA hai jo kathA ke astitva ko vyakta karatA hai / yahA~ eka tathya aura spaSTa kara denA Avazyaka samajhatA huuN| maiM, kathA ke sAtha kahane kI bAta vyakta kara cukA huuN| parantu, yaha bhI utanA hI satya hai ki jo kucha kahA jAtA hai vaha kathA nahIM hotii| hama saba Apasa meM aneka prakAra kI bAtacIta karate haiM, una sabako kathA nahIM kaha sakate / ataH kathA use svIkAra karanA hogA, jo kisI ghaTanA ke krama ko nirUpita kare aura samarpaka DhaMga se nizcita pariNAma ko bhI vyakta kare / bhAratIya darzana meM vyakta vicAroM kI ora dhyAna dene para jJAta ho jAtA hai ki jar3acetana donoM hI samAna rUpa se apane pakSa ko apanI-apanI sthiti ke anusAra vyakta karate haiM / kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai i ghaTanA saMsAra meM sthita kisI bhI vastu se sambandhita ho sakatI hai, yathA - manuSya, jIvadhArI anya pazu, pakSI Adi evaM saMsAra ke antargata upalabdha nAnA prakAra ke padArtha evaM anya sthitiyA~, jinakA anubhava kalpanA ke AdhAra para bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai | spaSTa hai ki kathA ghaTanAbaddha honI cAhie tathA pariNAma prApta karAne meM sakSama honI cAhie / kathA ko samajhane ke pazcAt kathAnaka ko bhI jJAta karanA Avazyaka hai / sampUrNa kRti kI kathA, kathA hai aura use saMkSipta rUpa meM prastuta kara denA usakA kathAnaka hai| sIdhe-sAde artha meM samajhanA ho to kaha sakate haiM ki kathA ghaTanAoM kA kAlAnukramika varNana hai, jisameM kArya - kAraNa - sambandha kI ora vizeSa dhyAna diyA jAtA hai, usameM asambaddhatA nahIM AnI caahie| parantu, isI ke sAtha kathAnaka meM samaya kI sthiti ko ghaTanAvalI kholatI hai tathA saMsAra kI yuktiyukta saMghaTanA ko bhI kArya-kAraNa ke anta: sambandha ke AdhAra para abhivyakta karatI hai / kathAnaka isa prakAra buddhigamya hai| kathA kathA kI taraha apane meM, mUla rUpa meM sthita rahatI hai| AcArya vidyAsAgara kI kRti 'mUkamATI' kI ora dhyAna dene para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki usameM ghaTanAvalI kA krama saMsAra kI yuktiyukta sthiti ko nirUpita karane meM sakSama hai evaM ghaTanA kAlAnukramika dRSTi se pariNAma prApta karAtI hai / isameM sandeha nahIM ki AcArya vidyAsAgara kI kRti eka nizcita
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________________ 82 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA krama ko hI spaSTa karatI hai- vaha hai, kisa prakAra dIkSA ke prati sajaga honA evaM usake mAdhyama se kisa prakAra vizvakalyANa kA patha apanAnA / AcArya vidyAsAgara ne apanI kRti 'mUkamATI' kI kathA caupadoM ke antargata vyakta kI hai- ise maiM cau-pada hI kahanA cAhatA huuN| kAraNa, cau-pada-cAroM ora kI sthiti ko nirUpita karatA hai tathA viSaya ke caturdika rUpa ko bhI vyakta karane meM sakSama hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki AcAryazrI ne 'mUkamATI' ko caupadoM- yathA, eka'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha'; do-'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM: tIna-'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' aura cAra-'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' / prastuta cAra bodhapakSoM ke mAdhyama se sampUrNa kathA kA puSTIkaraNa huA hai evaM jIvana ko eka nizcita pariNAma pradAna kiyA hai| maiM. prathamata: kathAnaka ke rUpa meM cAroM padoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa detA hU~, tAki kRti ke mUlArtha ko samucita rUpa meM samajhA jA ske| saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha : yaha 'mUkamATI' kA prathama pada hai| prathama pada kA nAmakaraNa kavi ne jisa vicAra se kiyA hai, vaha to maiM kaha nahIM sakatA, parantu maiM, merI dRSTi se kaha sakatA hU~ ki kavi kA mantavya hai vibhinna kramoM se yukta / arthAt atyanta milA huA, jise prayatnapUrvaka hI pRthak karanA par3atA hai| varNa kA jahA~ taka sambandha hai, vaha apane Apa meM svatantra hai tathA pratyeka varNa mUla rUpa meM svaccha evaM nirmala hai| saMkara mizrita hone ke kAraNa zuddha nahIM ho sktaa| ata: AcArya kavi sarvaprathama isa karma kI ora bar3hate haiM ki jIvana krama zuddha aura nirmala ho jAya / prastuta pakSa ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue kavi AcArya ne apanI kRti kA prathama pada-'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' nAmakaraNa se prArambha kiyA hai / isI bhAvabodha ke sAtha 'mUkamATI' kAvya kI kathA prArambha hotI hai / mATI mUla rUpa meM mATI hote hue bhI usameM bahuta kucha milA rahatA hai| kaMkara-kaNa ke sAtha aura jo kucha bhI mizrita ho sakatA hai, vaha mATI meM milA rahatA hai| kavi AcArya ne mATI ko lakSya karake, usake zuddhIkaraNa kA krama nirUpita kiyA hai| isa krama ko nirUpita karate samaya kavi-kalpanA nirmala bhAva-bodha ko vismRta nahIM hone detii| kavi mATI ke saMkara rUpa ko pariSkRta karane ke sAtha, varNa-lAbha kI bAta ko hamAre samakSa ubhAra kara lAtA hai| prathama pada kA prArambha kavi ne niyAmaka prakRti ko AdhAra banAkara hI kiyA hai, jo yoM udbhUta huA "sImAtIta zanya meM/nIlimA bichAI,/aura idhara "nIce nirI nIravatA chAI,/nizA kA avasAna ho rahA hai uSA kI aba zAna ho rahI hai/bhAnu kI nidrA TUTa to gaI hai parantu abhI vaha/leTA hai/mA~ kI mArdava-goda meM, mukha para aMcala lekara/karavaTeM le rahA hai|" (pR. 1) prakRti ke sAtha jIvana kA saMsarga kitanA mohaka hotA hai aura kisa prakAra mAnava prAta: kI svarNima kiraNoM ke padArpaNa ke sAtha apane jIvana-krama kI ora agrasara hone ko tatpara hotA hai / isa prakAra kavi AcArya ne eka sAtha apanI kRti ke mUla astitva ko bhI hamAre samakSa nirUpita kara diyA hai-mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM evaM jIvana kI nitya kriyAoM ke rUpa meM bhii| itanA hI nahIM, kavi jIvana kI asmitA ko karma ke sAtha sannihita karate hue satkarma kI ora kisa prakAra bar3hanA cAhie, isakA tAttvika vivaraNa bhI detA hai / yaha krama kavi mATI aura usakA apane jIvana ke lie prayoga karane vAle kumbhakAra ke karma se denA prArambha karatA hai| kahane ko to atyanta sarala bAta hai, parantu mATI kA pariSkaraNa hI jIvana ke pariSkaraNa ko spaSTa rUpa se hamAre samakSa upasthita karatA hai| mATI ko zuddha rUpa meM lAne kA kArya kumbhakAra prathamata: karatA hai, tadanantara usase jIvanAvazyaka vastuoM kA nirmANa karatA hai / isa pada ke mAdhyama se kavi AcArya ne jIvana zuddhIkaraNa kA mArga vivecita kiyA hai / mATI ko nirmala aura zuddha rUpa pradAna karane ke lie jina kriyAoM kA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 83 AdhAra lenA Avazyaka hai, unhIM kriyAoM ke mAdhyama se jIvana krama kA bhI zuddhIkaraNa hotA hai / kavi aura AcArya santa ne mATI ke saMkara rUpa ko pariSkRta karane kA vivaraNa sarala bhASA meM dete hue zabda brahma kI sthiti ko bhI svIkArA hai| 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' kI bAta kahI hai / kavi AcArya ne varNa kA Azaya yoM samajhAyA hai : "isa prasaMga se/varNa kA Azaya/na raMga se hai/na hI aMga se varan/cAla-caraNa, DhaMga se hai |/yaanii!/jise apanAyA hai use/jisane apanAyA hai/usake anurUpa/apane guNa-dharma "rUpa-svarUpa ko/parivartita karanA hogA/varanA varNa-saMkara-doSa ko/varanA hogaa|" (pR. 47-48) kavi AcArya kI vicAraNA yahA~ taka samucita hai, parantu maiM eka tathya aura isI sandarbha meM spaSTa kara denA cAhatA huuN| varNa akSara hote haiN| akSaroM kA apane Apa meM zuddha aura pariSkRta krama hai / krama dhvanimaya hotA hai, ata: varNa dhvani rUpa hai| dhvani apane rUpa meM zuddha evaM nirmala hai / kumbhakAra mATI ko vibhinna kriyAoM ke dvArA zuddha evaM nirmala karatA hai tathA use saMkara doSa se mukta kara mRdu aura zuddha rUpa pradAna kara detA hai / isa prakAra mATI apane mUla rUpa ko prApta karatI hai aura use varNa-lAbha prApta hotA hai / varNa-lAbha kI sthiti ko prApta hote hI usameM dhvani tattva arthAt AkAza tattva sannihita ho jAtA hai / yaha jIvana kA krama prArambha hone kI sthiti hai| kavi AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne rasA aura AkAza-ina do tattvoM ke sAmaMjasya kI sthiti ko nirUpita karate hue jIvana ke sRjanazIla rUpa ko abhivyakta kiyA hai| isakI sRjanazIlatA kA pravAha dvitIya khaNDa meM vizva ke anya tattvoM ke sAmaMjasya ko apane sAtha letA huA jIvana ke sampUrNatva ko vyakta karane ke sAtha jIvana ke sattva guNoM ko vyakta karatA hai| zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM : isa pada ke mAdhyama se kavi ne nirmANa kriyA ko Atmazodha se jor3ate hue satata krama ko nirUpita kiyA hai| nirmANa kA krama prArambha hotA hai aura jIvana kI sthiti ko samajhane kA krama bhI prArambha hotA hai / jIvana meM kisa prakAra rahanA cAhie isakA nirUpaNa AcArya kavi ne atyanta sundara DhaMga se kiyA hai| zilpI kumbhakAra mATI ko mRdu aura nirmala banAne ke sAtha usameM prANa saMcAra karane kI ora agrasara hotA hai / use kavi AcArya ne atyanta sarala evaM bhAvamaya zabdoM ke mAdhyama se samajhAyA hai : "lo, aba zilpI/kuMkuma-sama mRdu mATI meM/mAtrAnukUla milAtA hai chanA nirmala-jala |/nuutn prANa phUMka rahA hai/mATI ke jIvana meM karuNAmaya kaNa-kaNa meM,/alagAva se lagAva kI ora ekIkaraNa kA aavirbhaav|" (pR. 89) kavi ne mAtrAnukUlatA ke mAdhyama se jIvana meM karma karane kI ora spaSTa saMketa kiyA hai| yahA~ kavi ne 'karmasaMyoga' kA siddhAnta pratipAdita karane kA tathya varNita kiyA hai / kavi ne jala tattva ke svabhAva ko vyakta karane ke sAtha jIvana ke mUla ko samajhane ke lie kisa prakAra ThaharAva ko bhI svIkAra karanA cAhie, ise bhI abhivyakta kiyA hai| sAtha hI aisA karane se kisa prakAra nava prANa prApta hotA hai aura nava jJAna prApta hotA hai, isakA ullekha sahaja rUpa meM kiyA hai jo sAmAnya jana ko bhI bodhagamya hai :
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________________ 84 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "jalatattva kA svabhAva thA-/vaha bahAva/isa samaya anubhava kara rahA hai ThaharAva / mATI ke prANoM meM jA,/pAnI ne vahA~/nava-prANa pAyA hai, jJAnI ke padoM meM jA/ajJAnI ne jahA~/nava-jJAna pAyA hai| asthira ko sthiratA milI/acira ko ciratA milI nava-natana parivartana..!" (pR. 89) yaha hai tattva ke sAtha tattva sammilana kA rUpa aura usase kisa prakAra nava jJAna kI prApti hotI hai, isakA ullekha kavi AcAryazrI ne kiyA hai / karma aura jJAna kI samprApti ke nimitta mAnava-mana kisa prakAra bala prApta karatA hai, isakA vivaraNa kavi ne yoM diyA hai : "kama balavAle hI/kambalavAle hote haiM aura/kAma ke dAsa hote haiN| hama balavAle haiM/rAma ke dAsa hote haiM aura/rAma ke pAsa sote haiN|" (pR. 92) isI sandarbha meM kavi ne prakRti ke sAtha puruSa kI carcA karate hue mokSa ora moha meM bhramane kI satyatA ko samajhA diyA hai| vaha isa prakAra hai: "svabhAva se hI/prema hai hamArA/aura/svabhAva meM hI/kSema hai hmaaraa| puruSa prakRti se/yadi dUra hogA/nizcita hI vaha/vikRti kA pUra hogA puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI/mokSa hai, sAra hai |/aur/anytr ramanA hI bhramanA hai/moha hai, saMsAra hai"|" (pR. 93) isI ke sAtha kavi ne sAdhaka kI sthiti ko citrita kiyA hai, sAtha hI sAhitya ke marma ko bhI aneka tathyoM ke mAdhyama se samajhAyA hai| itanA hI nahIM, AcAryazrI ne kaI gUr3ha tathyoM ko bhI atyanta sarala zabdoM meM bhASA ke camatkArI mAdhyama se sahajatA ke sAtha samajhAyA hai / jIvana ke marma ko nirUpita kiyA hai / dvitIya pada meM zabdoM ke sahaja aura sarala artha abhivyakta karate hue sAhityika bodha kI sthiti tathA zabda-brahma ke mahattva ko prabhAvI DhaMga se nirUpita karate hue mAnavIkrama ke ucca pada kI sthiti ko vyakta kiyA hai| kavi ke marma kI sthiti draSTavya hai : "ati udAsIna anala-sama/krodha-bhAva kA zamana ho rahA hai| pala-pratipala/pApa-nidhi kA pratinidhi banA pratizodha-bhAva kA vamana ho rahA hai|/pl-prtipl puNya-nidhi kA pratinidhi banA/bodha-bhAva kA Agamana ho rahA hai, aura/anubhUti kA pratinidhi banA/zodha-bhAva ko namana ho rahA hai sahaja - anAyAsa ! yahA~ !!" (pR. 106) kavi AcArya ne bodha kI sthiti ko adhika spaSTa karane kI dRSTi se zabda krama kI gaharAI ko nirUpita karate hue vivecanA kI hai| isI ke sAtha zabda aura bodha kI aikAntikA kA nirUpaNa karate hue bodha ke astitva ko zodha kI nirAkulatA ke sAtha puSTa karate hue phala aura phUla kI sthiti ko prakRti kI ramyatA aura sarasatA ke sAtha vyakta kiyA hai-bhAva-bodha saha / kavi AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI ne ise yoM vyakta kiyA hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 85 "bodha ke siMcana binA/zabdoM ke paudhe ye kabhI lahalahAte nahIM, yaha bhI satya hai ki/zabdoM ke paudhoM para/sugandha makaranda-bhare bodha ke phUla kabhI mahakate nhiiN|" (pR. 106-107) kavi isa tathya ko yahIM taka lAkara cupa nahIM ho jAtA apitu use aura gaharAI taka pahu~cAtA hai / isI ke sAtha sAhitya-bodha aura zabda-bodha kI gaharAI ko bhI vyakta karatA hai| sAtha hI bodha ke zodha kI sthiti ko bhI nirUpita karatA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai : "bodha kA phUla jaba/DhalatA-badalatA, jisameM/vaha pakva phala hI to zodha kahalAtA hai|/bodh meM AkulatA palatI hai/zodha meM nirAkulatA phalatI hai, phUla se nahIM, phala se/tRpti kA anubhava hotA hai/ phUla kA rakSaNa ho/aura / phala kA bhakSaNa ho;/hA~ ! hA~ !!/phUla meM bhale hI gandha ho/para, rasa kahA~ usameM! phala to rasa se bharA hotA hI hai,/sAtha-sAtha/surabhi se surakSita bhI"!" (pR.107) dvitIya pada ke anta meM kavi AcAryazrI ne jIvana ke gahana sUtra kA bhASya atyanta sarala evaM mArmika DhaMga se kiyA hai| jIvana ke sampUrNa krama ko sAra rUpa meM de diyA hai| jIvana kA mUla hai janmanA, vikasita honA evaM maraNa / yaha krama sthira hai, nizcita hai tathA isase koI bhI vaMcita nahIM raha sakatA / kavi AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne ise apanI kRti ke mAdhyama se yoM vyakta kiyA hai tathA sAmAnya jana ko bhI sulabha rUpa meM samajha meM A jAya, aisI vivecanA prastuta kI hai jo kAvya ke mahattva ko dviguNita karatA hai : " 'utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya-yuktaM sat/santoM se yaha sUtra milA hai isameM ananta kI astimA/simaTa-sI gaI hai| yaha vaha darpaNa hai, jisameM/bhUta, bhAvita aura sambhAvita/saba kucha jhilamilA rahA hai, taira rahA hai/dikhatA hai AsthA kI A~khoM se dekhane se !" (pR.184) kavi AcAryazrI ne isa tathya kA vyAvahArika bhASA meM yoM anuvAda prastuta kiyA hai, jo bhAvAnuvAda hai : "AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai/AnA yAnI janana-utpAda hai jAnA yAnI maraNa-vyaya hai/lagA huA yAnI sthira-dhrauvya hai aura/hai yAnI cira-sat/yahI satya hai yahI tathya !" (pR.185) isa prakAra AcAryazrI ne dvitIya pada meM sAhitya-bodha ke vibhinna pakSoM ke sAtha darzana ke mUla ko bhI nirUpita kiyA hai-sAmAnya jana kI bhASA meM, jo sahaja, bodhagamya hai tathA manuSya ke samajha kI sImAntargata bhI hai| puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana : AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI ne tRtIya pada ke mAdhyama se jIvana ke satya ko udghATita kiyA hai| satya hI puNya kA dAtA hai aura pApa kA prakSAlana karane meM sakSama hai| satya jIvana ke mUla ko nirmala karatA hai aura satpatha kI ora calane ke lie prerita karatA hai / kavi ne prastuta pada kA prArambha kiyA hai prakRti ke aparimeya, apAra pakSa se| jo cAroM ora phailA huA hai evaM dharatI ke vaibhava ko bahA-bahA kara le jAtA hai-vaha hai jala, jise hama viziSTa aura prabhAvI rUpa meM jIvana bhI kahate haiM / kavi ne para-dhanaharaNa kI bAta kaha kara ratnAkara ke mUla ko ucchedita kara diyA hai
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________________ 86 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA tathA kisa prakAra anya kI vastu ke haraNa se vaha nimna koTi kA hone ke sAtha pApamaya bana jAtA hai-kavi ne isa prakAra prakRti ke Antarika rUpa kA nirUpaNa atyanta mArmika DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai tathA use mAnavI jIvana se sambaddha kara diyA hai / atyanta sahaja DhaMga se kavi kahatA hai : "para-sampadA kI ora dRSTi jAnA/ajJAna ko batAtA hai, aura para-sampadA haraNa kara saMgraha karanA/moha-mUrchA kA atireka hai| yaha ati nimna-koTi kA karma hai/sva-para ko satAnA hai, nIca-narakoM meM jA jIvana bitAnA hai|" (pR. 189) santa kavi ne isa prakAra prastuta pada ke prArambha meM hI aisA mantra diyA hai ki mAnava apane Apa mana-vacana-karma (zarIra) se svayaM ko nirmala banAne kI ora agrasara ho jAtA hai tathA zubha kAryoM kI ora, loka-kalyANa kI ora tathA samasta vizva ko samadRSTi se dekhane kI ora unmukha ho jAtA hai| use samajha meM A jAtA hai ki mAyA, moha, lobha, saMgraha Adi pApa ke aMga haiM aura svayaM ko zuddha tathA nirmala bhAva se puSTa karate hue karma kI ora laganA puNya karma hai| isI ke sAtha kavi ne ratnAkara-zabda-brahma ko jisa prakAra vizleSita kiyA hai, vaha kAvyapakSa kI anupamatA ko puSTa karatA hai| saba kucha sahana karane kI vRtti ko nirUpaNa karate hue santa kI mahattA ko vyakta kiyA hai / anyAya ko sahana nahIM karanA cAhie, isa tathya ko sUrya kA pratIka varNita karate hue kiyA hai| jIvana kI sukhapUrNa sthiti kA mahattva to puNya karma karane meM hai tathA dukhapUrNa sthiti pApa karma meM hai - isameM vyakta kiyA hai / isI krama ko nirUpita karate hue 'artha' zabda kI mImAMsA adbhuta DhaMga se kI hai| kavi ne artha aura paramArtha ko yoM vyakta kiyA hai : "yaha kaTu-satya hai ki/artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatIM, artha kI lipsA ne bar3oM-bar3oM ko/nirlajja banAyA hai|" (pR. 192) prastuta pada meM kavi ne nArI ke apUrva rUpa kA citraNa kiyA hai tathA usake aneka rUpoM kA sArthaka vivaraNa prastuta kiyaa| kavi ne eka sAtha nArI ke mAtRtva, sutA, duhitA, strI, kumArI, abalA, nArI Adi rUpoM kA sAhitya kI dRSTi se, jIvana-darzana kI dRSTi se evaM puNya-pAlana ke rUpa meM varNana kiyA hai| kavi ke zabda sAmarthya kI, pratibhA kI, kalpanA zakti kI anupamatA dRSTigata hotI hai, jo jIvana ke mUla ko abhivyakta karatI hai evaM satya mArga kI ora bar3hane ke lie prerita karatI hai| kavi AcAryazrI ne isa pada ke mAdhyama se kathA kA vikAsa to nahIM kiyA hai, parantu anta:kathAoM, jIvanagata pahaluoM, puNya prApta karane kA krama, pApa se mukta hone kA patha, jIvana-yAtrA kA lakSya Adi tathyoM ko nirUpita kiyA hai| saca to yaha hai ki prastuta pada kavi ke kAvya sauSThava ko siddha karatA hai / kavi kI kalpanA-zakti, pratibhA, prakRti citraNa ke sAtha usakA sUkSma nirIkSaNa prabhAvI DhaMga se hamAre samakSa ubharakara AtA hai / isI krama meM kavi ne kumbhakAra zilpI ke caritra kA vikAsa citrita karate hue pApa-prakSAlana kI vidhi kA zreSTha DhaMga se nirUpaNa kiyA hai, jo kAvya ko uccatA evaM bhavyatA pradAna karatI hai evaM mAnavIya guNoM ke vikAsa-patha kA citraNa upasthita karatI hai| agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha : AcArya kavi ne caturtha pada ke mAdhyama se apanI kRti ke mUla ko sajAyA hai tathA jIvana ke mUla bhAva ko zuddha karane kI ora agrasara huA hai| prastuta pada kAvya kRti kA sarvAdhita vistRta pada hai / isake mAdhyama se kavi ne sAdhanA ke svarUpa ko citrita kiyA hai| usake pramukha pakSa-niyama-saMyama kI hI bAta kavi ne prArambha meM kahI hai tathA usake prabhAva ko nirUpita kiyA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 87 "niyama-saMyama ke sammukha/asaMyama hI nahIM, yama bhI apane ghuTane Teka detA hai,/hAra svIkAranA hotI hai nabhazcaroM surAsuroM ko !'' (pR. 269) kavi ne Adhunika bhAvabodha ko apanI kRti meM atyanta sahajatA ke sAtha upasthita kiyA hai tathA aparAdhiyoM kI carcA karate hue gaNatantra, dhanatantra aura manamAne tantra kI sthiti spaSTa kara dI hai| itanA saba kucha hote hue bhI kavi ne pariSkaraNa ke mahattva ko babUla ke mAdhyama se nirUpita kiyA hai / tadanantara agni-parIkSA kI carcA karate hue kavi ne likhA "maiM isa bAta ko mAnatI hU~ ki/agni-parIkSA ke binA Aja taka kisI ko bhI mukti milI nahIM,/na hI bhaviSya meM milegI / " (pR. 275) agni-parIkSA kI bAta ke sAtha doSoM ko jalAne ke sambandha meM sva-icchA kA kathana kahakara kAvya ke udAtta tattva ko abhivyakta kiyA hai : "mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI/mujhe jilAnA hai sva-para doSoM ko jalAnA/parama-dharma mAnA hai santoM ne|" (pR. 277) isI ke sAtha kavi AcAryazrI samajhAte haiM ki doSa tathA guNa kyA haiM : "doSa ajIva haiM,/naimittika haiM,/bAhara se Agata haiM kathaMcit; guNa jIvagata haiM,/guNa kA svAgata hai|" (pR. 277) kavi AcAryazrI ne caturtha pada ke mAdhyama se jIvana ke aneka pakSoM ko citrita kiyA hai tathA kathA-prasaMga ko aneka ghaTanAoM se bA~dhate hue satpatha kI vicAraNA prastuta kI hai| isI sandarbha meM Adhunika kAla meM AtaMkavAda kA prabhAva kisa prakAra bar3ha rahA hai aura use kisa prakAra samApta karanA cAhie, isa ora bhI kavi AcAryazrI ne dhyAna diyA hai| kavizrI ne kumbhakAra aura kumbha ke pakSa ko kitanI sahajatA ke sAtha citrita kiyA hai, sAtha hI kutUhala kA krama nirUpita kiyA hai aura jIvana krama ko vikasita kiyA hai ! mAnavIya guNoM kA vikAsa bhI adbhuta DhaMga se vivecita huA hai| kavizrI ne nirmANa ke Ananda kA citraNa jisa prakAra kiyA hai vaha jIvana kA satya hai tathA mAnavIya krama kI mUla cetanA hai| vivaraNa yoM diyA hai : " 'kumbha kI kuzalatA so apanI kuzalatA'/yU~ kahatA huA kumbhakAra sollAsa svAgata karatA hai avA kA,/aura/retila rAkha kI rAzi ko, jo avA kI chAtI para thI/hAthoM meM phAvar3A le, haTAtA hai| jyoM-jyoM rAkha haTatI jAtI,/tyoM-tyoM kumbhakAra kA kutUhala bar3hatA jAtA hai, ki/kaba dikhe vaha kuzala kumbh"|" (pR. 296) caturtha pada itanA vizAla hai ki usakA pUrNa vivecana hI vistRta rUpa prApta kara sakatA hai / isameM jIvana kA kauna-sA pakSa varNita nahIM hai ! yahA~, maiM aba kevala eka udAharaNa dene ke pazcAt apanI bAta kahate hue, 'cintana : anucintana' kI vicAraNA ko vizrAma dUMgA / kavi AcAryazrI ne sAmAjika vicAraNA kA atyanta mArmika nirUpaNa kiyA
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________________ 88 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA hai / manuSya, manuSya ke sAtha kaisA vyavahAra karatA hai aura svayaM ko kyA samajhatA hai, isakA nirUpaNa yoM kiyA hai : 66 '... kheda hai ki / lobhI pApI mAnava / pANigrahaNa ko bhI prANa- grahaNa kA rUpa dete haiM / prAya: anucita rUpa se / sevakoM se sevA lete aura/ vetana kA vitaraNa bhI anucita hI / " (pR. 386-387) AtaMkavAdiyoM ko ucita patha kI ora le jAne ke sambandha meM kavi ne ekatva kI sthiti kA varNana kiyA hai| isI ke sAtha daNDa vidhAna ke svarUpa ko yoM nirUpita kiyA hai : " jise daNDa diyA jA rahA hai / usakI unnati kA avasara hI samApta / daNDasaMhitA isako mAne yA na mAne,/ krUra aparAdhI ko / krUratA se daNDita karanA bhI eka aparAdha hai,/nyAya-mArga se skhalita honA hai|" (pR. 431) kavi AcAryazrI ne Adhunika vyavasthA ke samakSa prazna upasthita kiyA hai tathA kAvyagata vyaMjanA ko sajIva bhI kiyA hai - samAdhAna ke rUpa meM / kavi kA bhAva-bodha jIvana ke vikAsa ke sAtha hai, na ki use naSTa karane se sambaddha hai| kavi ne mAnavetara prANiyoM ke mAdhyama se jIvana ke satya ko samajhAyA hai, usameM kSudra prANI macchara se lekara gaja sadRza vizAla prANI bhI sammilita haiM / kavi AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI kI kRti 'mUkamATI' Adhunika bhAvabodha ke sAtha jIvanagata pahaluoM ko citrita karatI huI, mUlagata bhAvanAoM ko nirUpita karane meM sakSama hai| isameM jIvana kA kauna-sA pakSa nahIM hai ? kavi ne bAta karate-karate nUtana udbhAvanAoM ko nirUpita kiyA hai / jIvana ke pakSa ko tattva - cintana ke sAtha U~ce-nIce choroM meM se pravAhita karate hue satya ke sannikaTa pahu~cAyA hai| kRti prArambha se lekara anta taka apane kathya ko vismRta nahIM hone detI tathA yaha barAbara kahatI rahatI hai ki vikAsa karo- atathya ke rUpa meM nahIM, sadbhAvanAoM ke sAtha aura jIvana ke mUla ke saath| isameM eka sAtha pUjA, arcanA, mAnavIya bhAvanAe~, guNa-avaguNa, jIvana kI sArthakatA, sAhasa, udAratA Adi kA samAveza hai / laukika aura pAralaukika jIvana dRSTi ko sahaja rUpa meM upasthita karane meM kavi pUrNata: sakSama hai / kRti eka sAtha paThana, zravaNa aura darzana - tInoM kA Ananda pradAna karane meM sakSama hai| kavi AcArya zrI zabdoM kI abhivyaMjanA meM to hindI ke, inake pUrva ke, kAvyakAroM ko eka sthAna para ThaharAte hue Age bar3ha gae haiN| usI ke sAtha dRSTi kI parikalpanA kA aisA sundara saMgumphana kiyA hai ki pAThaka Atmavibhora ho uThatA hai / yaha to bAta huI kRti ke kAvyatva kI / maine isI ke sAtha eka anya pakSa kA anubhava kiyA hai abhivyakti ke AdhAra para - vaha yaha ki kavi svayaM kisa prakAra jJAna prApti ke lie agrasara huA aura kyoMkara samudAya ko satpatha kI ora le jAne ke lie tatpara huA hai / kavi ne svayaM hI isa tathya ko spaSTa kara diyA hai ki jIvana kI sArthakatA evaM mahattA anyoM ko bhI zreSTha mArga kI ora agrasara karane meM hI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki kavi ne machalI ke rUpa meM jJAna prApti kI jijJAsA kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / tadanantara sabako zreSTha mArga kI ora le jAne kI bhAvanA kA pratipAdana kiyA / isa prakAra prastuta kRti kAvya ke rAga tattva ko abhivyakta karate hue darzana ke mUla ko bhI abhivyakta karatI hai / isa darzana se pUrNata: sahamata hU~ ki brahmA, viSNu aura maheza - kramazaH kartA, saMrakSaka aura vinAzaka haiN| sAtha hI, maiM kisI bhI darzana ko nAstika nahIM mAnatA, kyoMki usameM sannihita krama mAnava - kalyANa se hI Abaddha rahatA hai / jIvana kI satyatA isI para AdhArita hai / yaha pRthak pakSa hai ki mati bhinnatA ke kAraNa hama Apasa meM lar3ane, saMgharSarata hone aura rAga-dveSa se sambaddha hone lge| jIvana kI vAstavikatA, vizva-kalyANa kA krama yahI hai ki vizva meM koI
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________________ 1 mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 89 kahIM bhI rahatA ho, usake dvArA anya kahIM para bhI rahane vAloM ke prati sadAzayatA kA bhAva rakhanA hI mAnavatA hai tathA yahI saccA mAnava dharma hai / kRti meM AsthA ke prati sajagatA hai aura anAsthA kA nakAra nihita hai / isameM sandeha nahIM ki kavi AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara zramaNa-saMskRti ke adhyetA haiM tathA jainadarzana ke adbhuta cintaka haiN| vItarAga- patha ke pathika hone ke sAtha-sAtha usa kSetra ke adhyayanazIla, pratibhAsampanna evaM dhyAnI- jJAnI - tapasvI bhI haiM / kRti kA adhyayana karane para yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki kavi AcAryazrI jainadarzana ke sAtha jIvanadarzana ke prati bhI sajaga haiM aura mAnavatAvAdI dRSTikoNa ke prati udAra haiN| kRti, unake maulika cintana ke sAtha bhASA ke zAbdika - krama ko artha yojanA ke sAtha itanI gaharAI se vyakta karatI hai| ki sAmAnya zabda apane mUla artha meM asIma gahanatA lie hai, yaha pratIta hotA hai| kAvya-saundarya kI abhivRddhi meM unake maulika artha-siMcana kA adbhuta mahattva pratipAdita hotA hai| 'mUka mATI' jainadarzana kI gaharAI ko vyakta karane ke lie tatpara hai, jo satya ke sannikaTa hai, parantu vaha kevala vahA~ taka sImita na hokara mAnavatAvAdI darzana aura dRSTikoNa se sampanna mahAkRti hai evaM jIvana kI sArthakatA ke prati sajaga evaM saceta hai| ise maiM yahIM vizrAma detA hU~ tathA bhaviSya meM avasara prApta hone para isakI vistRta rUpa se cintanA karane kA prayAsa karU~gA / ahindIbhASI ke hindI prema kI nidarzaka kRti : 'mUkamATI' D pro. (DaoN.) sAgaramala jaina AcArya vidyAsAgarajI digambara jaina paramparA ke AcAryoM meM apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhate haiN| unakI tyAganiSThA aura adhyAtmapriyatA lokavizruta hai / janma se ahindIbhASI hote hue bhI unhoMne hindI bhASA meM apanI racanAoM dvArA eka viziSTa sthAna prApta kara liyA hai| ApakI prastuta kRti 'mUkamATI' Apake hindI prema kA paricAyaka to hai hI, sAtha hI hindI kAvya racanA ke kSetra meM apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhatI hai| prastuta kRti cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai| isameM kAvya aura adhyAtma kA jo tAratamyabhAva dekhA jAtA hai, vaha sAmAnyatayA anyatra durlabha hai| darzana ke gambhIra praznoM ko bhI AcAryazrI ne jisa sahaja DhaMga se yahA~ prastuta kiyA hai, vaha nizcita hI atyanta mArmika hai / sat ke utpAda-vyaya-dhauvyAtmaka lakSaNa ko AcAryapravara ne nimna zabdoM meM kitanI sahajatA se spaSTa kara diyA hai : "AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai / AnA yAnI janana - utpAda hai jAnA yAnI maraNa - vyaya hai / lagA huA yAnI sthira - dhrauvya hai aura/ hai yAnI cira-sat / yahI satya hai yahI tathya !" (pR. 185) vastuta: AcArya zrI zabda zilpI haiN| zabdoM meM adhyAtma ko bhara denA, yahI unakI viziSTatA hai| aisI mahattvapUrNa kRti ke lie lekhaka aura prakAzaka donoM hI saMstuti ke pAtra haiM / grantha kI sAja-sajjA AkarSaka aura mudraNa truTi rahita hai| [sampAdaka - 'zramaNa' (mAsika), vArANasI - uttarapradeza, jUna, 1989 ] O
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : eka mahAkAvya DaoN. dharmacandra jaina jagat meM bhArata hI eka aisA deza hai jahA~ hamezA eka se eka bar3hakara taponiSTha sAdhu-santa, RSi-maharSi evaM mahApuruSa hue haiM / unhoMne bhAratIya saMskRti evaM AcaraNAtmaka naitika mUlyoM kI ajasra dhArA nirantara pravAhita kI hai, jisameM avagAhana kara lAkhoM sattvoM ne apane ko saphala banAyA hai / aise hI santa-muniyoM meM eka haiM - hamAre ArAdhya paramapUjya AcArya vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja / Agama sAhitya ke gambhIrajJAtA, tArkika vidvAn, zIla sampanna, nispRhI , kavi evaM AcArya - pravara sadaiva Atma-sAdhanA meM tatpara rahate haiM / mahAprajJa evaM mahAkAruNika AcAryazrI kI tapasteja sampanna evaM prasanna mukhamudrA prAyaH sabhI kA mana moha letI hai / inhIM santa kI tapaH pUta lekhanI se aneka kRtiyoM kA AvirbhAva huA hai| inameM 'narmadA kA narama kaMkara, 'DUbo mata lagAo DubakI' aura 'totA kyoM rotA ?' pramukha haiM / Apake hI jJAnArjana evaM adhyAtma-sAdhanA kA eka aura bhI phala upalabdha hai aura vaha hai- 'mUkamATI mahAkAvya' / yahA~ prakRta kAvya ke mahAkAvyatva kI mImAMsA karanA hI pramukha lakSya hai / santa, " katipaya manISI vidvAn kAvyazAstriyoM ne kAvya ke lakSaNa ko spaSTa kiyA hai / isameM bhAmaha, daNDI evaM vizvanAtha pramukha haiN| chaThI zatAbdI ke AcArya daNDI ne mahAkavi bhAmaha ke vicAroM ko mahattA dete hue 'kAvyAdarza' (1/14-19) meM kAvya use batalAyA hai jisameM sargoM kA nibandhana ho / isakA prArambha AzIrvAda, namaskAra athavA vastunirdeza se hotA hai| racanA kA AdhAra aitihAsika kathA yA anya kisI utkarSa kathA ke AdhAra para hotA hai / kAvya dharma, artha, kAma evaM mokSa kA phaladAyaka honA apekSita hai| kAvya kA nAyaka bhI catura tathA udAtta honA caahie| kAvya nagara, parvata, Rtu tathA candra aura sUrya ke udaya asta, upavana aura jalakrIr3A, madhupAna tathA premotsava Adi ke varNana se alaMkRta ho / kAvya ko virahajanya prema, vivAha, kumArotpati, vicAra-vimarza, rAjadUtatva, abhiyAna, yuddha tathA nAyaka ke jaya-lAbha Adi ke manohara prasaMgoM se yukta honA caahie| kAvya meM rasa tathA bhAvoM kI lar3I jur3I ho| sarga bahuta lambe bhI na hoM / sargoM ke chanda zravaNIya, manojJa tathA acchI sandhiyoM se sampanna hoM / kAvya lokaraMjana tathA alaMkAroM se alaMkRta bhI honA caahie| aisA uttama kAvya kavi kI dRSTi se mahApralaya ke bAda bhI sthira rahatA hai| kintu sarvAdhika suspaSTa evaM vyavasthita vivecana 15vIM zatAbdI meM AcArya vizvanAtha ne apanI anupama racanA 'sAhityadarpaNa' (6/315 - 24 ) meM kiyA hai / vaha likhate haiM ki jisameM sargoM kA nibandhana ho, vaha mahAkAvya kahalAtA hai| isameM eka devatA yA sadvaMza kA uttama dhIrodAtta guNa sampanna nAyaka hotA hai, kahIM eka vaMza ke aneka kulIna rAjA nAyaka hote haiN| zRMgAra, vIra aura zAnta meM se koI eka aMgI rasa hotA hai aura anya rasa gauNa hote haiM / kAvya likhita sandhiyoM se yukta hotA hai / kathA aitihAsika athavA lokaprasiddha sajjana se sambaddha hotI hai| dharma, artha, kAma evaM mokSaisa caturvarga meM se koI eka phala hotA hai / prArambha meM AzIrvAda, namaskAra yA varNyavastu kA nirdeza hotA hai / kahIM khaloM kI nindA aura sajjanoM kA guNagAna varNita hotA hai| kAvya meM na to bahuta choTe aura na hI adhika bar3e ATha se adhika sarga hote haiN| pratyeka sarga meM eka chanda hotA hai kintu sarga kA antima padya bhinna chanda kA hotA hai| kahIM-kahIM sarga meM aneka chanda bhI milate haiM / sargAnta meM agalI kathA kI sUcanA hotI hai| isake alAvA kAvya meM sandhyA, sUrya, candra, rAtri, pradoSa, andhakAra, dina, prAtaHkAla, madhyAhna, mRgayA, parvata, Rtu, vana, samudra, sambhoga, viyoga, muni, svarga, nagara, yajJa, saMgrAma, vivAha, yAtrA, mantra aura abhyudaya Adi kA sAMgopAMga varNana hotA hai / kAvya kA nAmakaraNa kavi ke nAma para athavA caritra ke nAma se athavA nAyaka ke nAma se honA caahie| sarga kI varNanIya kathA se sarga kA nAma rakhA jAtA hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 91 sandhiyoM ke aMga yathAsambhava pratipAdita honA caahie| uparyukta kAvya-lakSaNa ke AdhAra para mahAkAvya kA svarUpa isa prakAra nizcita hotA hai : 1. mahAkAvya kA sargabaddha honA Avazyaka hai| 2. kAvya kA nAyaka dhIrodAtta guNa sampanna kulotpanna kSatriya athavA devatA honA caahie| 3. zRMgAra, vIra athavA zAnta rasa meM se koI eka rasa pradhAna ho aura anya rasoM kA pratipAdana gauNa rUpa se honA ___caahie| 4. sabhI nATya sandhiyA~ apekSita haiN| 5. kathA aitihAsika hotI hai yA sajjanAzrita, jisameM jIvana, jagat evaM prakRti ke vibhinna aMgoM kA manorama citraNa kiyA gayA ho| 6. puruSArthacatuSTaya-dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa-meM se eka kAvya kA phala hotA hai| 7. kAvyArambha meM varNya vastu ke nirdeza ke sAtha iSTAzIrvAda namaskAra hotA hai| 8. sargoM kI saMkhyA ATha athavA usase adhika hotI hai| eka sarga meM eka hI chanda kA prayoga hotA hai kintu sarga kA antima chanda badala jAtA hai| 9. prakRti varNana meM nagara, samudra, parvata, sandhyA, rAtri, candra, sUryodaya, yAtrA tathA RtuoM kA varNana bhI Avazyaka 10. kAvya kA nAma kavi athavA caritra nAyaka ke caritra-citraNa ke AdhAra para hotA hai| 11. sarga meM varNita kathA ke AkAra para hI sarga kA nAmAMkana kiyA jAtA hai| ___ prastuta 'mUkamATI' kAvya ko uparyukta kasauTI para kasakara yadi dekhA jAe to yaha ATha se kama yAnI cAra khaNDoM (sargoM) se sampanna rUpaka mahAkAvya ke prAya: samasta lakSaNoM se yukta hai| dhIrodAtta guNoM se yukta nAyaka guru kumbhakAra aura tadanukUlA AtmArUpa miTTI nAyikA hai / kAvya meM aMgIrasa zAnta hai / zRMgAra evaM karuNa Adi zeSa rasoM kA tathA sandhiyoM kA yathocita pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / kathAvRtta kalpanA para AdhArita sajjanAzrita hai / jIvana, jagat evaM prakRti ke vibhinna aMgoM kA sundara citraNa kiyA gayA hai| eka mAtra lakSya bhavasAgara se pAra honA hai / maMgalamaya AtmA kA kalyANa sarvopari hai / mukta chandopeta kAvya meM santoM kI prazaMsA tathA nihita svArthI duSToM kI nindA paga-paga para draSTavya hai| prakRti ke raMga se citrita kAvya meM sUrya-candra, divA-rAtri, subaha-zAma, madhyAhna, pradoSa, Rtu, sAgara, saMgrAma, muni aura mantra-tantra Adi kA vizada, vistRta, manojJa citraNa milatA hai / kAvya ke sargoM kA nAmAMkana khaNDa meM nibaddha ghaTanA ke anurUpa hai tathA muktaka chanda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| ___ Adhunika vidvAnoM ne isake atirikta bhI, kAvya ke tattva svIkAra kie haiM, jinameM dezakAla, vAtAvaraNa, saMvAda, caritra-citraNa evaM bhASA-zailI pramukha haiN| inhIM katipaya lakSaNoM ko AdhAra banA kara prakRta kAvya kA vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana karanA apekSita hai| khaNDa -1. 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' ___ rAtri kA avasAna, uSA kI camaka se bhAnu kI nidrA-bhaMga to huI kintu divAkara mukha DhaMkakara mA~ kI goda kA Ananda jo le rahA hai / pUrva meM aruNimA chAI kumudiniyoM ne apane ko sikor3A, kamalaniyA~ khila uThIM / caMcala tAroM ne svasvAmI kA anukaraNa kiyA, sandhikAla meM eka kA gamana to dUsare kA Agamana ho rahA hai / yahI sRSTi kA niyama hai|
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________________ 92 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA jahA~ rAtri nahIM, vahA~ rAtrikara kaise, aura jaba divAkara hI nahIM to dina bhI kaisA ? - vaise hI nadI baha rahI hai bar3I tejI se sAgara kI ora, jaise sadgAtrI yAtrI apane kalyANamArga meM bar3hatA huA pIche, mur3akara nahIM dekhatA / nadI taTa kI miTTI mA~ dharatI se kahatI hai-'he mA~ ! maiM patitA hU~, pada-dalitA hU~, ninditA hU~, tiraskRtA hU~, manda-bhAginI parityaktA hU~ / nahIM jAnatI ki abhI kitanI aura vedanAe~ sahanI haiM, jinakA na koI anta hai aura na koI chora hii| badasUrata hU~ jise dekha dUsare du:khI na hoM, ata: mukha para ghUghaTa (pardA) DAla letI huuN| apanI ghuTana chipAtI hU~, kaSTa ke do ghUTa A~sU pI letI hU~ / jI rahI hU~ para kahane mAtra ko hI / mA~, batalAo ! isa paryAya kI itizrI (anta) kaba hogA ? merI kAyA kaba badalegI, merA yaha jIvana unnata kaba hogA ? kaho, mA~ ! mujhe avilamba sahArA do, mere kaSTa hro|' yaha hai Aja ke bhArata kI nArI kI vyathita kathA, jisakA samAja evaM rASTra ke samakSa spaSTa citraNa prastuta kiyA gyaa| itanA suna mA~ ke hRdaya ko bhI dekhie / mA~ to mA~ hI hai, sarala hRdaya, tarala A~kheM, chala-kapaTa kA nAmonizAna bhI cehare para nahIM, mastaka gambhIra cintana ke utkarSa se dIpta hai / beTI ko durgata dazA meM apane sAmane khar3A dekhakara usakA hRdaya harSonmAda se bhara jAtA hai / paraspara alagAva se virahita apUrva AtmIyatva ke saMsparza se donoM ota-prota haiN| dhairyadhAriNI mA~ kahatI hai- 'beTA !' mA~ kI vaha beTI nahIM beTA hai, putra hai, putrI nahIM, kAraNa ki use hIna jo samajhA jAtA hai, Aja ke samAja meM / yahI biDambanA hai para sattA zAzvata hai, kintu usakI pratisattA meM utthAna-patana kI aneka sambhAvanAe~ samAhita haiN| jaise khasakhasa kA dAnA dekhane meM choTA hai, parantu usI vaTa bIjarUpa dAne ko samucita kSetra meM bo die jAne para evaM samaya-samaya para khAda, pAnI evaM havA ke milane se vahI eka mahAn vRkSa kA rUpa le letA hai, aise hI aNu-paramANu se isa jagat kA nirmANa huA hai / ata: sattA zAzvata hote hue bhI bhAsvata hotI hai| _dekheM, yaha svaccha jaladhArA pRthvI para par3ate hI mailI ho jAtI hai, kIcar3a bana jAtI hai, vahI nIma kI jar3a meM pahu~cakara kaDavI. sAgara meM girakara namakIna aura sarpa ke makha meM paDakara halAhala bana jAtI hai aura vahI sIpI meM par3a jAtI hai to motI bana jAtI hai| jaisA saMyoga-vaisI buddhi, jaisI buddhi-vaisI hI gati' hotI hai, paryAya milatI hai| anAdikAla se aisA A rahA hai. ho rahA hai aura hotA rhegaa| isalie svayaM para vizvAsa kara svayaM kA kalyANa kro| baddha ne bhI 'dhammapada' (attavaggo/160) meM aisA hI kahA hai-"attA hi attano nAtho, ko hi nAtho paro siyaa|" ___ apane ko girA huA, hIna mata smjho| satya ko phcaano| dRSTi dUradarzI hai, lakSya pavitra hai to sAdhana bhI vaise hI hone caahie| asatya kI sahI pahacAna satyopalabdhi hai / pAtAla meM girane kA anubhava hI unnati kI u~cAiyoM kI AratI utAranA hai / AsthA ke viSaya ko AtmasAt karanA hI svAnubhUti karanA hai para yaha binA dhyAna, sAdhanA ke sambhava nhiiN| talahaTI meM pahu~ca kara, parvatazikhara kA darzana ho jAtA hai, parantu guru-caraNoM meM pahuMce binA mahAnatA ke zikhara para pahu~canA asambhava hai / vinaya meM hI acUka zakti hai ki kaThora se kaThora bhI pasIja jAtA hai| AsthA arthAt zraddhA (tattvoM kA yathArthabodha) hI mAnava-lakSya mokSa kI upalabdhi kA prathama sopAna hai / nirantara abhyAsa se AsthA ke sthAI aura dRr3hatara hone para bhI sAdhanA-kSetra meM majabUta, praur3ha, svastha vyakti ke bhI paira phisalane kI sambhAvanA hotI hai, phira bhI puruSArtha ko nahIM chor3anA caahie| ___mAnA ki sAdhanA meM aneka bAdhAe~ AtI haiM kintu unheM hI samatApUrvaka pAra karanA, jhela lenA hI viSamatA para samatA kI vijaya hai| isI se AsthA nahIM DagamagAtI balki sthira hotI hai, mati paripakva hotI hai / gati meM RjutA evaM kSipratA A jAtI hai aura lakSyasiddhi ke nikaTa pahu~cane lagate haiN| isa prakAra saMgharSamaya jIvana kA upasaMhAra harSamaya hotA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 93 isa sambodhana se miTTI kA mauna bhaMga hotA hai / vaha mA~ ke azrutapUrva mArmika bhAva ko samajha jAtI hai ki karmo kA saMzleSaNa honA, AtmA se phira unakA sva-para kAraNavaza vizleSaNa honA-ye donoM kArya AtmA kI hI mamatAsamatA kI pariNati para AdhArita haiN| kintu cetana kI isa sRjana evaM dravaNazIlatA kA jJAna evaM bhAna kise hai ? kisI ko nhiiN| basa, yahIM se zilpI guru kumbhakAra ke caraNoM meM samarpita miTTI ke jIvana kA svarNima kAla prArambha ho jAtA nirmohI, hita-mita-priya, kAruNika, samAdhistha zilpI guru kumbhakAra ne 'om' kA uccAraNa kara svakartavya bodha se kuzAgrabuddhi-kudAlI se nadI taTa kI miTTI kI parata khodii| miTTI kA mauna aura usake ghAvoM ko dekha kAraNa pUchA, miTTI ne nirdayatA aura udAratA meM antara spaSTa kiyaa| isase zilpI ko usakI sAttvikatA bhA gaI / guru bole'ati ke binA, iti kA sAkSAtkAra kahA~ ? aura iti ke binA atha (satya) kA darzana kahA~ ? pIr3A kI ati hI, pIr3A kI iti hai aura usakI iti hI sukha kA atha (satya) hai|' bandhanahIna, alpatana vetanabhogI gadahe ko svAmI kA izArA huA, usane apadA miTTI pITha para lAdI aura cala par3A gantavya kI ora / mArga meM borI kI ragar3a se chilatI huI gadahe kI pITha para, miTTI kI sahasA dRSTi pdd'ii| khiratI huI aura pasIne se mizrita miTTI malahama banI / gadahe ko sukha diyA / use sva dazA kA smaraNa huA / prANI vijJAna kA yathArtha paricaya dayA hai| 'dayA' kA viloma 'yAda' hai / sva kI yAda hI svadayA hai| jJAta rahe ki vAsanA kA vilAsa hai moha, jabaki dayA kA vikAsa mokSa hai / eka indriyoM kA dAsa, jIvana kA zatru hai to dUsarA samatA-saurabha, pIyUSa-zRMgAra evaM zubhaMkara hai| kauna kahatA hai karuNA kA vAsanA se sambandha hai ? are, miTTI ko apanA upakAra samajha gadahe ko socane kI dRSTi milI / usane vicAra kiyA : 'prabho ! merA nAma yathArtha hai / gada-roga, hA-hAraka arthAt maiM rogoM kA vinAzaka hU~, haraNa karane vaalaa|' usakI koI AkAMkSA nahIM raha jAtI, aba vaha apahata bhAra hai, usakI bhAvanA ke phUla khila gae haiM, vaha paraspara upakAra kI bhAvanA, maitrI-guNa se ota-prota ho jAtA hai / lAjavatI miTTI ko bhI rAjarAnI banane kA sukRta suavasara mila jAtA hai| gurughara yogazAlA, prayogazAlA hai| miTTI ko viveka rUpI channI se chAnA jAtA hai| kaMkar3oM se usakA pArthakya ho jAtA hai, kyoMki RjutA evaM mRdutA meM zilpakalA kA jo nikhAra hai, vaha varNa-saMkaratva meM kahA~ ? nIra-kSIra kI jAti nyArI hai| donoM eka rUpa dhavala haiM, parantu kSIra meM nIra mila jAe to nIra, kSIra bana jAtA hai / isa nIra ke kSIra banane meM hI varNa-lAbha hai / yahI varadAna hai / himakhaNDa pAnI para tairatA hai, vaha saralatA kA avarodhaka aura abhimAna kA pratIka hai jabaki usakA AdhAra upAdAna jala tarala aura Rju hai, usase bIjAMkurita hotA hai jise hima (pAlA) naSTa kara detA hai| jala jIvana hai, vahIM hima usakA vinAzaka / svabhAva evaM vibhAva kI yahI vizeSatA hai / rAhI kA saMyama kI rAha para calanA, usakA hIrA (rAhI kA viloma) bananA hai / tapa meM tapakara, karma ko jalAkara unheM rAkha karanA kharA (rAkha kA viloma) bananA hai| ___ kumbhakAra kA praNidhAna miTTI kA phulAnA - gIlA karanA hai / kUpa se jala lAne ko vaha rassI kI granthiyoM ko kholatA hai / kumbhaka prANAyAma calatA hai / a~gUThoM kA bala kama huA to dA~toM ne morcA saMbhAlA, dA~ta hila uThe, masUr3e chila gae, taba rasanA cupa na baiThI / granthiyoM meM kaThinAiyoM kA honA svAbhAvika hai / hiMsA kI sambhAvanA bar3hatI hai / granthi kucha DhIlI par3I, kAraNa ki guru nirgrantha haiN| zilpI kI kAyA kI chAyA andhakUpa meM utarAtI eka machalI para pdd'ii| machalI kI mAnasasthiti UrdhvamukhI huI aura vaha cillAI-'mujhe andhakUpa se nikAlo, merA uddhAra kro|' kumbhakAra ne bhI rassI se bAlaTI ko bA~dha dhImI gati
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________________ 94 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA se kue~ meM chodd'aa| vicitra vAtAvaraNa hai vahA~, bar3e choTe ko nigala jAtA hai| lohA lohe ko kATatA hai / machalI ko zaraNa milI, jIne kI AzA jamI / moha kI mAtrA viphala huI / mokSa kI yAtrA saphala huii| dayA dharma kI prabhAvanA bddh'ii| machalI ne miTTI ke caraNoM kA jala se prakSAlana kara use vandana kiyA aura usase 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kA pATha par3hA / miTTI ne use sat evaM asat kI paribhASA spaSTa kii| sat ko sat samajhanA satyuga hai aura sat ko asat jAnanA hI kaliyuga hai| kali zava hai, sat ziva hai / sat-yuga samaSTi kI ora dekhatA hai jabaki kaliyuga vyaSTi para apanI dRSTi ghumAtA hai / sAkSAt zivAyanI miTTI kI bAta machalI kI samajha meM A jAtI hai| use aba Adhi se bhaya nahIM, na hI vyAdhi se, upAdhi bhI aniSTakara hai / ekamAtra samAdhi hI iSTa hai / vaha mA~ se prArthanA karatI hai-'he mA~ miTTI ! mujhe sallekhanA de do, bodhi kA bIja ullekhanA do|' sahI sallekhanA hai-kaSAya evaM kAyA ko kRza karanA, nA ki mAtra kAyA ko ghttaanaa| machalI samAdhi meM lIna hone tatpara ho jAtI hai / use puna: jala meM chor3a diyA jAtA hai / yahI 'dayAvisuddho dhammo' hai| khaNDa -2. 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' kumbhakAra ne miTTI meM jala milaayaa| miTTI meM nUtana cetanA AI, jala ko ThaharAva milaa| miTTI ko phUlane kA samaya milaa| zizira kA samaya hai, rAteM bar3I haiM aura dina hote haiM choTe / zilpI sva-kArya meM tallIna hai, para usakI rAteM kaTeM to kaise kareM, kAraNa ki tana para eka patalI-sI cAdara mAtra hai| miTTI ne sujhAva diyA- kyoM na Apa kama se kama eka kambala apanI kAyA para le leN|' uttara milA-'yaha to kama bala vAloM kA kArya hai / maiM rAma kA dAsa hU~, rAma ke pAsa sotA hU~, mujhe kambala rUpa sambala kI bhalA kyoM AvazyakatA ? dUsare, garma carma vAle hI zIta se bhayabhIta aura nIta karma ke viruddha hote haiM kintu maiM to zItazIlA hU~ aura Rtu bhI zItazIlA hai| donoM kA svabhAva-sAmya hai / sva-svabhAva meM rahanA hI vastu kA dharma hai- 'vatthusahAvo dhammo' / ' miTrI kA mauna honA, kumbhakAra kA apane kArya meM laga jAnA, miTrI kA phalakara snehila honA usakA harSa hai| kudAlI kI coTa se kSata-vikSata eka nanhA-sA nizA ke A~cala meM se jhA~katA cakita cora-sA kA~TA zilpI se badalA lene tatpara huaa| tabhI miTTI ne use sambodhita kiyA ki badale kA bhAva rAhu hai jisase bhAsvata cetanA-bhAnu antardhAna ho jAtA hai / isa badale kI Aga meM para kA nahIM, sva kA hI vinAza hotA hai / yaha sunate hI nikaTastha surabhita gulAba ke paudhe se zUla-dala bolA-'mAnate haiM ki dUsaroM kI pIr3A-zalya meM hama nimitta haiM, isI kAraNa to hama zUla haiM / parantu isameM kA~Te kA koI doSa nhiiN| kAmadeva kA zastra phUla hai, jisameM parAga hai, saghana rAga bhI hai aura jisakA phala saMsAra hai| dUsarI ora mahAdeva kA zastra zUla hai, jisameM virAga hai, anyAya (pApa) kA tyAga hai aura phala bhI jisakA bhavapAra hai / eka auroM kA dama chInatA hai to dUsarA badale meM dama bhara detA hai / mada duHkha hai aura dama arthAt zAnti hI sukha hai| kabhI phUla zUla bana jAte haiM to kabhI zUla bhI to phUla bane naz2ara Ate haiN| phira bhI kA~Te ke mana meM pratizodha kI phA~sa aTakI hI rhii| tabhI miTTI bolI- 'are suno! tuma zIla svabhAvI zilpI ko nahIM pahacAnate / vaha to dayAsAgara hai, kSamA kA avatAra hai|' zilpI ke mukha se bhI nikala par3atA hai-'khammAmi, khamaMtu me- kSamA kareM mujhe, maiM kSamA mA~gatA huuN|' zilpI ke isa azrutapUrva vacana se turanta kA~Te kA krodha zAnta hotA hai aura bodha kA phUla khila uThatA hai| kumbhakAra ne miTTI ko aura adhika masalA, pairoM se rauMdA to miTTI ne mauna sAdha liyaa| kintu zilpI kI rasanA, nAsA aura A~kheM kaba mauna aura sthira raha sakatI thiiN| ina sabhI ne zilpI ko sAhasa juttaayaa| AsthA kI jota jgii| AsthA kA darzana AsthA meM nihita hai, carma-cakSuoM meM nahIM / niSThA aura AsthA donoM eka haiN| niSThA kI phalavatI pratiSThA hI prANa-pratiSThA hai / miTTI kA yaha vacana sunate hI zilpI kA cetana sajaga huA aura usane bhI apanA Azaya darzAyA- 'vetanabhogI vatana ko bhUla jAte haiM to sacetana apane tana ko bhulA dete haiN| kArya kI vyagratA meM kartA ko sva kA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 95 bhAna kahA~ ?' cetana kI kriyAzIla zakti, jo avaitanika hai, nirantara sakriya rahatI hai| zilpI kA aMga-aMga bhI yantrasama saMcAlita ho jAtA hai| miTTI puna: use jagat kI yathArthatA samajhAtI hai : 'saM arthAt samIcIna, sAra arthAt sarakanA, jo samyak rUpa se sarakatA hai, vaha saMsAra' hai / aharniza saMsaraNa karanA, calate rahanA hI saMsAra hai| maiM bhI saMsaraNazIla huuN| merA cAra gatiyoM aura caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM meM bhramaNa hotA rahA hai|' ___kumbhakAra ne miTTI kA loMdA banAyA / cAka para rakha, DaNDe se use ghumA kara miTTI ke piNDa ko eka manojJa ghaTa kA AkAra diyA / cAka se ghaTa ko utArA gyaa| usa para 99, 63 aura 36 ke aMka aMkita kie| 99 kA aMka 99 ke phera meM par3ane se sattvoM ko roka rahA hai to 63 kI saMkhyA saMsAra meM utpanna hone vAle mahApratApI, mahAkAruNika 63 mahApuruSoM kI guNa-gaurava-gAthA gAtI hai / 36 ke aMka meM tIna kI saMkhyA jor3ane se yaha jagat ke samasta pracalita 363 matoM ko batalAtI hai / isake atirikta ghaTa para siMha, zvAna, kacchapa aura kharagoza Adi ke aneka anya cihna bane haiN| ye sabhI mAyAcAra, svatantratA, paratantratA, sabhyatA, samAnatA, pramAda, apramAda, ekAntavAda, anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda ke bodhaka haiN| kumbha para ye bhI likhe haiM- 'kara para kara do', 'mara hama marahama baneM, 'maiM do galA' arthAt pApa pAkhaNDa se dUra haTa kara sahI udyama kareM, mara kara hama agale bhava meM marahama baneM aura maiM dogalA hU~ yAnI chalI, dhUrta, mAyAvI huuN| ajJAna evaM abhimAna ke kAraNa isa chadma ko chupAtA rahatA hU~ kintu yaha yathArtha hai ki maiM arthAt ahaM (garva) ko galA do| taba kalyANa nizcita hai| khaNDa -3. 'puNya kA pAlana :pApa-prakSAlana' vasundharA vasudhA kahA~ rahI ? dharA kA nikhila vaibhava lUTapATa kara jaladhi ratnAkara bana gyaa| moha-mUrchA kA atireka para-sampadA haraNa hai| nindya karma karake jaladhi ne jar3adhI (buddhihInatA) kA paricaya dekara nAma sArthaka kiyA, kintu nyAyI sUrya se yaha anyAya dekhA na gyaa| usane jala ko jalA-jalAkara vASpa banA diyaa| dUsarI ora lakSyahIna candra ne jala tattva kA pakSa liyA aura jaladhi meM jvAra-bhATA lA diyaa| phira dharatI se akRtaghnI sAgara ko agaNita muktA mile / sudhAkara kA krodha aura bar3ha gyaa| usane jaladhi ko prerita kara zukla-padma-pItalezyA varNa rUpadhArI tIna badaliyoM ko bheja diyA / badaliyoM kI chavi kA kavi ne divya varNana kiyA hai| isI ke bahAne usane nArI, mahilA, abalA, strI, sutA, kumArI, duhitA aura aMganA jaise nArI ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM kI sundara niruktiparaka vyAkhyA kara ddaalii| jo kisI kI zatru nahIM hai aura jisakA koI zatru nahIM hai yAnI na+ari, vaha 'nArI' hai / jIvana meM maMgala (Ananda, sukha) ko lAne vAlI, puruSa meM dhRtidhAraNI jananI ke prati apUrva AsthA jagAne vAlI mahilA' hai| 'mahilA' vaha bhI hai jo puruSa meM jJAna jyoti lAtI hai / jo jIvana ko jagAtI hai, vaha abalA' hai / bhUta, bhaviSya kI AzAoM se citta ko haTAkara, jo vartamAna meM AzAoM ko lAtI hai, vaha 'abalA' hai| isakA eka aura bhI artha hai jo svayaM balA arthAt saMkaTa nahIM hai, vaha 'abalA' hai / puruSArthatraya-dharma, artha evaM kAma-meM puruSa ko saMyamita karane vAlI 'strI' kahI jAtI hai / jo sukhasuvidhAoM kA srota hai, vaha 'sutA' hai / to 'ku' arthAt pRthivI kI taraha mA~ arthAt lakSmI, sukha-sampadA ko 'rI' arthAt dene vAlI hai, vaha 'kumArI' hai| 'duhitA' meM do bhAva chipe haiN| eka to 'du' arthAt duSTa, gire hue patita se bhI patita pati ko jo hita arthAt kalyANa meM lagAtI hai, vaha 'duhitA' hai| dUsarA yaha ki vaha ubhaya kulavardhinI (mAtA evaM pitA pakSa), sukha sarjanI hone se bhI 'duhitA' kahalAtI hai| pramAtR' arthAt jJAtA hone se 'mAtA' vahI hai, aura jo mAtra aMga nahIM, vaha aMganA' hai athavA aMga ke atirikta antaraMga meM aura bhI bahuta kucha hai, jise dekhane kA yatna kareM, vaha aMganA' hai|
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________________ 96 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA badaliyoM ko prabhAkara kA yaha pravacana bahuta acchA lgaa| unhoMne sAgara kA sAtha na de, motI barasAe / kumbhakAra anyatra gayA huA thA ki motiyoM kI barasAta ko suna sabhRtya rAjA padhAre / maukA pA motI sameTane lage / gagana meM gambhIra garjanA huii| anartha ho rahA hai, artha prApti ke lie svayaM puruSArtha kro|' samIcIna kathana hai, para dravya miTTI hai'paradravyeSu losstthvt'| tabhI kumbhakAra A gyaa| usane rAjA se kSamAyAcanA kI / ghaTa ne vyaMgya kiyA-'jalatI battI ko chUte hI jala gae na / lakSmaNa-rekhA ko lA~ghane vAlA avazya daNDita hotA hai| kumbhakAra ne motiyoM kI gaThariyA~ rAjA ko samarpita kara use vidA kiyaa| lajIlI-sI badaliyoM ko lauTate dekha sAgara kSubdha huaa| usane unheM strI rUpa hone se 'calA' kahA / kAraNa, usakA mata thA ki cApalya strI jAti kA svabhAva hai, ata: use kula-paramparA, saMskRti kA sUtradhAra nahIM banAnA caahie| prabhAkara ko yaha kahanA burA lagA / usane jaladhi meM bar3avAnala prajvalita kara sAgara ko jalAnA prArambha kara diyaa| sAgara kama na thaa| usane tIna bAdala bheja die, jisase prabhAkara Dhaka gyaa| prabhAkara ne bhI apane karateja se prahAra karanA zurU kiyA ki sAgara ne rAhu ko ukasA diyaa| rAhu ne use grasa liyA / cAroM ora a~dherA chA gayA / cara-jagat vyathita ho utthaa| kaNa-kaNa ne mA~ dharatI se guhAra kI / kRpA huii| dharatI ne kaNoM ko Adeza diyA / ve prabhaMjana bana ge| ghanoM ke Upara vighna chA gayA, ve bhAgane lge| jaladhi ne aura ghana bheje / indra pracchanna rUpa meM indradhanuSa tAna kara avatarita haa| dhanuSa tAna usane ghana kA tana bheda diyA / bijalI camakI, vajrapAta haa| bAdala phaTa-phaTa kara ro pdd'e| kiMkartavyavimUr3ha se ve jalakaNa pattharoM-sama oloM se mArane lage / avirAma yuddha calatA rahA / sthitaprajJa kumbhakAra ise nihAratA rahA / isa dharma-saMkaTa meM apane svAmI ko pha~sA dekha gulAba paudha ne gandhavAhaka priyamitra ko smaraNa kiyA / durdina meM pha~se mitra ko saMkaTa se nikAlane meM sakSama prabhaMjana ne bAdaloM para AkramaNa kara diyA / zatru kA pIchA kiyA gyaa| jahA~ se ve Ae the, vahIM unheM dhakela diyA gyaa| samudra para pahu~cate hI bAdala cupa na rhe| jala par3ate hI sAgara kA krodha bhI zAnta ho gyaa| ___nabha svaccha huA, prabhAta huaa| sUrya nikalA, nUtana Aloka phailA | sabhI pramudita aura prasanna hue| dharatI kI pratiSThA banI rahI, para zilpI rUpa guru kumbhakAra anAsakta rahA / yaha dekha kumbha ne kahA- 'yaha sArvabhaumika satya hai ki parISaha-upasarga ke binA svarga-apavarga kI upalabdhi kabhI nahIM hotii|' aparipakva kumbha kI isa AsthA para zilpI ko Azcarya huA aura AzA ba~dhI ki sAdhaka samucita mArga para ArUr3ha hai / vaha bolA- 'tumheM itane hI thor3e samaya meM itanI adhika saphalatA milegI, socA na thA / kAraNa, bar3e-bar3e sAdhaka hA~phate aura ghuTane Tekate hue dekhe haiN| para tumheM saphalatA avazya milegii| suno ! abhI tumheM Aga kA dariyA pAra karanA hai aura vaha bhI bhujAoM se taira kara / ' yahIM kumbha kahatA hai ki sAdhaka kI antara dRSTi meM jala aura jvalanazIla anala meM antara zeSa nahIM raha jAtA / usakI sAdhanA kI yAtrA nirantara bheda se abheda evaM veda se aveda kI ora bar3hatI calI jAtI hai| khaNDa -4. 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' navakAra-mantra ke uccAraNa ke sAtha avA lagAyA gayA / babUlAdi kI lakar3iyA~ cunI gaIM / Aga dI gii| lakar3iyoM ne apanI anyamanaskatA darzAI to kumbhakAra zilpI ne mIThe vacana kahe- 'nIce se nirbala ko Upara uThAnA uttama hai| kumbha ke jIvana ko Upara uThAnA hai|' lakar3I ne udAratA samajhI aura huI Aga ko samarpita / kAraNa, agniparIkSA ke binA kisI ko mukti nahIM / sadAzaya aura sadAcAra hI jIvana kI sahI kasauTI hai / ziSToM para anugraha, duSToM kA nigraha hI dharma kA lakSya hai| sva evaM para-doSoM ko jalAnA hI parama dharma hai / pUrA kA pUrA avA dhUma se bhara utthaa| kumbha ne kumbhaka prANAyAma kiyaa| yahI dhyAna-siddhi meM sAdhakatama hai aura nIroga yogataru kA mUla hai| agni kA sparza pAte
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 97 hI kumbha kI kAyA kAnti se damaka uThI, AtmA ujjvala huI / agni ne kumbha ko sambodhita kara dhyAna kI mahattA samajhAI / kumbha ko isase sAhasa aura utsAha milA / agni ne Age aura bhI ise samajhAyA ki darzana kA srota mastiSka hai| svastika se aMkita hRdaya se adhyAtma kA jharanA bahatA hai / adhyAtma ke binA darzana kA darzana nhiiN| nirvikalpaka adhyAtma hI sadA satya, cidrUpa, bhAsvata hotA hai| ___ zilpI darzana evaM adhyAtma kI isa mImAMsA meM kho gyaa| prabhAta huaa| avA kA avalokana kiyA gyaa| agni kI agni-parIkSA pUrNa huI / kumbhakAra ne avA kI retIlI rAkha ko httaayaa| kumbha ko pakA huA dekha prasanna huA ki sAdhanA saphala huii| kumbha bhI apane ko mukta huA jAnakara prasanna huA aura usane bhAvanA bhAI ki merA pAtra-dAna kisI tyAgI ko honA caahie| idhara nagara ke seTha ne svapna dekhA ki vaha maMgala kalaza le santa kA svAgata kara rahA hai / apane ko dhanya mAna usane kalaza lAne ko sevaka bhejA / sevaka ne kumbhakAra ke pAsa pahu~cakara kumbha ko maaNgaa| sevaka ne use uThAkara kaMkar3a se bajAyA to dhvani nikalI-'sA re ga ma pa dha ni / mAno kahatA ho ki sAre gama, pada nahIM haiM arthAt duHkha AtmA kA svabhAva nahIM hai|' dhvani suna sevaka camatkRta huaa| mana mantrita huA, tana tantrita huaa| zilpI ke zilpana camatkAra para cetana-cit-camatkAra kA bhAva huaa| use sevaka seTha ke ghara le AyA / seTha ne sollAsa kumbha ko hAtha meM le usa para candana se svastika banAyA aura cAra bindiyA~ banA dI, jo saMsAra ko sukha-zUnya cAroM gatiyoM aura sabako sva kI upalabdhi ko batalA rahA thA / kumbha ko mAMgalika padArthoM se sajA kara seTha hAthoM meM use le kara sAdhu ke Agamana kI pratIkSA meM dvAra para khar3A ho gyaa| atithi kA Agamana huA / abhivAdana meM 'jaya ho, jaya ho, jaya ho; namo'stu, namo'stu, namo'stu; atra, atra, atra; tiSTha, tiSTha, tiSTha' kI dhvani pU~ja gii| sAdhu kA ghara meM praveza huaa| vidhivat pAda-prakSAlana kiyA gyaa| vItarAgI, nirmohI santa ne aMjuli-mudrA chor3a dii| kAyotsarga kara, pANipAtra meM AhAra grahaNa kiyaa| AhAra ho jAne para jaba kAyotsarga pUrNa huA taba seTha ne atithi ke hAthoM meM mayUrapaMkhoMvAlA saMyamopakaraNa aura prAsuka jala se paripUrNa zaucopakaraNa kamaNDalu diyA / sAdhu ne sadupadeza diyA ki sva meM lIna ho jAo / puruSa>paramatattva>paramAtmA hI prApta karane yogya hai / anantara sAdhu gantavya kI ora cala pdd'e| __santa kA adhika satsaMga na pA seTha kucha khinna huA to kumbha ne seTha ko santoM kI mahimA samajhAI / seTha ko kumbha meM sAdhutva ke darzana hue| kumbha kA mAna bar3hA / ise dekha svarNa kalaza ko IrSyA huI / vaha Akroza meM bolA-'yaha sabhya vyavahAra-sA nahIM lagatA ki miTTI ko mAthe para aura mukuTa ko pairoM meM paTakA jAya / mAnatA hU~ ki apanAnA, apanatva pradAna karanA, para ko apane se bhI pahale samajhanA sabhyatA hai, prANImAtra kA dharma hai para ucca ucca hI hotA aura nIca nIca hI rahatA hai|' abhyAgata santa para bhI chIMTAkazI kI gii| yaha asahanIya tiraskAra thaa| miTTI ke kalaza se bhI na sahA gayA / vaha bolA-'tuma svarNa ho, para tumameM pAyasa nA hai, tumhArA pAya (paira) sanA hai pApa paMka se, ata: pUrA apAvana hai / tumheM pAvana kI pUjA rucatI nahIM hai, para-prazaMsA zUla-sI cubhatI hai / mATI ko sammAna do, kyoMki tuma bhI usI mATI meM janame ho / vaha tumhArI mA~ hai / vaha dravya anamola hai jo duHkhI-daridrI ko dekhakara dravIbhUta hotA hai / mATI svayaM bhIgatI hai dayA se aura auroM ko bhI bhigotI hai| mATI meM boyA gayA bIja samucita anila evaM salila pAkara poSaka tattvoM se paripuSTa hokara sahasra guNita ho phalatA hai| tuma yadi yathArtha meM savarNa hote taba pratidina dinakara kA durlabha darzana to krte| kyoM bahuta dUra bhUgarbha meM gAr3e jAte rasAtala meM ? nIrasa ho, bandhaka ho, paratantra jIvana kI AdhArazilA ho, abhedya durgama kilA ho / sva evaM para meM bheda jAno / bheda vijJAna hI zreyaskara hai / saMsAra bandhana meM kAraNa hai viSayoM meM rasikatA aura bhogoM kI dAsatA / RSi-muni-yati bhI isI miTTI kI zaraNa lete haiN| isI para zayana karate haiN|' yahA~ jhArI,
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________________ 98 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA cammaca, ghRta, kesara Adi kA noka-jhoMka pUrNa saMvAda bar3A dilacaspa hai| eka pakSa kA saMkalpa pUrNa huaa| kRSNa pakSa kA Agamana huaa| seTha ne nidrA kI goda meM sone kA prayAsa kiyA ki manda zItala pavana ke sAtha khir3akI ke dvAra se eka macchara ne zayana-kakSa meM praveza kiyaa| pyAsA thA, pradakSiNA kI / mantra japA, para kRpA na huii| ye dekha palaMga meM sthita matkuNa ne kahA- ye manu-santAna, mahAmAnava haiN| ye apane lie hI parigrahasaMgraha karate haiN| sevakoM se prAya: anucita sevA lete haiM aura vetana kA vitaraNa bhI anucita hI karate haiN|' seTha se kahatA hai-'seTha ! sUkhA pralobhana mata diyA karo, kucha svAzrita jIvana bhI jiyA kro|' macchara aura matkuNa meM kucha dera bahuta hI rocaka saMvAda calatA hai jo sAragarbhita hai| seTha ne sunA, prasanna huA aura usane apane ko kucha prazikSita-sA anubhava kiyA kintu vaha dAhajvara se pIr3ita ho gyaa| prAta: anubhavI cikitsA-vidyA-vizArada vaidyoM ko bulavAyA gyaa| vaidyoM ne kahA-'dAhajvara hai / mAtra damana se koI bhI kriyA phalavatI nahIM hotI, tana ke anurUpa vetana aura mana ke anurUpa vizrAma bhI caahie|' upacAra prArambha huaa| kintu jahA~ taka pathya kI bAta hai, sabhI zAstroM kA eka hI mata hai / basa pathya kA sahI pAlana ho to auSadha kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| za, sa, Sa- ye tIna bIjAkSara haiN| inake uccAraNa meM pUrI zakti lagAkara zvAsa ko bhItara grahaNa kara nAsikA se oMkAra dhvani ke rUpa meM barAbara bAhara nikAlane se antaraMga meM niviSTa kaSAya aura pApa-puNya kA zamana ho jAtA hai / aura bAhya bhU hI zaraNa hai / bhU kI putrI mATI kA Topa banA kara sira para jyoM hI rakhA gayA to seTha kI cetanA lauTane lgii| prAkRtika upacAra se seTha svastha ho gyaa| usane pArizramika dekara vaidyoM ko vidA kiyaa| vaidya dala ne bhI yaha saba camatkAra mATI ke kumbha kA hI batalAyA / itanA sunate hI puna: eka bAra svarNakalaza vivarNavadana ho jAtA hai| use aisI AzA nahIM thI apane tiraskAra kI / vaha vicAra karatA hai ki yaha saba kalikAla kA prabhAva hai ki yaha saMsAra maulika vastuoM ke upabhoga ko chor3a laukika upacAra meM tatpara ho rahA hai / jhilamila maNimAlAoM, maMjula-muktAmaNiyoM, udAra hIrakahAroM, tote kI coMca ko lajAte gUMge-se mUMge aura nayanAbhirAma nIlama ke nagoM ko chor3a miTTI ke lepa se upacAra kiyA jAtA hai / svarNa-rajatAdi ke pAtroM ko chor3a ispAta ke pAtroM ko kharIdA jA rahA hai jinase hathakar3iyA~ aura ber3iyA~ banatI haiM aura loga candana, ghI tathA kapUra kA tyAga kara mATI-kardama kA lepa karate haiM / vastuoM ko sameTa kara mitavyayatA kA DhoMga racate haiN| isI cintana se usameM ahaM jAgA aura usane AtaMkavAda kA sahArA pA liyaa| pratizodha kI bhar3akI bhISaNa jvAlA ko dekha kumbha ne seTha ko saceta kiyA aura saparivAra turanta pIche ke dvAra se bhAga jAne kA saMketa kiyaa| seTha ke hAtha meM pathapradarzaka kumbha hai aura pIche-pIche cala rahA hai usakA sArA parivAra / vana-upavana, jhAr3iyoM se guz2aratA, siMha se pIr3ita gajayUthoM ko abhaya detA Age bar3ha rahA thA ki sahasA AtaMkavAda kA hamalA huA / gajoM aura nAgoM ne unheM bacAyA / AtaMkavAdI ke mArga meM mantrabala se acAnaka kAlI megha ghaTAe~ chAIM, pracaNDa pavana pravAhita huaa| vRkSa zIrSAsana karane lage aura mora nAcane lge| mUsaladhAra varSA hone lgii| cAroM ora ghaTATopa chA gyaa| sarvatra jala hI jala naz2ara aayaa| bAdala zAnta hue| parivAra kA mana lauTane ko huA to kumbha ne manA kiyA aura bolA-'abhI AtaMkavAda gayA nahIM hai / nadI meM nayA nIra hai, bar3A bAr3ha-vega hai, jise abhI pAra karanA zeSa hai / kRta saMkalpa dRr3ha hai| lo, mere gale meM bA~dho rassiyA~ aura paraspara meM eka-dUsare ko kamara se pakar3a lo, om kA uccAraNa karo aura nadI meM kUda par3o, maiM tumheM usa pAra phuNcaauuNgaa|' huA bhI aisA hI / kumbha ke sahAre ve nadI meM kUda par3e / saba jalamagna, mAtra mastaka-mukha Upara the| mahAyAna cala par3A / matsya, magaramaccha aura sarpAdi Ae, unheM khAne kI cAha bar3hI para aneka maitrIpUrNa bhAvoM se
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 99 jalacaroM ke bhAva badala ge| nadI ne bha~varajAla meM unheM pha~sAnA cAhA to kumbha ne sambodhita kiyA- 'he pApa pairavAlI ! tU bhI dharatI kI zaraNa meM hai| phira kyoM itanA itarAtI, iThalAtI hai ?' nadI ko bodha huA aura vaha zAnta huii| AtaMkavAda phira bhI nirAza nahIM huaa| vaha mArgavirodhI bana sammukha khar3A ho gayA / bolA- 'tuma samAjavAda kA dama bharate ho, para kahane mAtra se koI samAjavAdI nahIM bana jAtA / tuma loga pAra jAne kA vikalpa tyAga do|' usakA krodha aura adhika bhar3akA / usane phira se pattharoM kI bauchAra kii| saba tilamilA uThe / raktadhArA baha gii| AtaMkavAda ne dhyAna-mudrA kA sahArA le jaladevatA kA AhvAna kiyA / ve Ae aura unhoMne parivAra ko parAsta karane meM apanI asamarthatA prakaTa kii| AtaMkavAda parAsta huA, sabakA uddhAra huA / saparivAra seTha nadI pAra huA / sarvatra khuzahAlI chaaii| seTha kumbha ko lekara vahA~ AyA, jahA~ para kumbhakAra ne pUrva meM miTTI khodI thii| putra ko dekhakara dharatI phUlI na samAI / putra ke abhyudaya ko dekhakara mA~ sattA dharatI bolI- 'beTA ! tumane merI bAta mAna lI, kumbhakAra kA satsaMga jo kiyA, ata: sRjanazIla jIvana kA pahalA Adima sarga huA; jisakA saMsarga kiyA, usake prati tumane samarpita bhAva ho usake caraNoM meM ahaM kA utsarga kiyA, yaha sRjanazIla jIvana kA dUsarA sarga huA; samarpaNa ke bAda kliSTa tapa-sAdhanA meM agni-parIkSA dI, upasarga sahana kie, yaha sRjanazIla jIvana kA tIsarA sarga hai aura parIkSA pariNAma svarUpa, bindu mAtra varNa jIvana ko UrdhvamukhI (UrdhvagAmI) ho tumane svAzrita visarga kiyA, yahI antima sarga hai / yahI vargAtIta nisargarUpa apavarga hai| dharatI ke bhAva suna kumbha sahita sabane kRtajJadRSTi se kumbhakAra kI ora dekhA / kumbhakAra ne kahA- 'mujha para santoM kI kRpA hai, maiM unakA kiMkara huuN|' aura kucha hI dUrI para dhyAna meM lIna eka vItarAgI sAdhu ko sabane dekhA / pAsa gae, natamastaka hue, caraNAbhiSeka kiyA, use zira para lagAyA, guru-kRpA kI pratIkSA kii| gurudeva kA sadupadeza huA'bhUle-bhaTake ko sahI rAha batalAnA, hita-mita-priya vacana bolanA, bhUlakara bhI svapna meM kisI ko vacana na denA, hitakara hai / bandhana rUpa mana-vacana-kAyA kA AmUlacUla miTa jAnA hI mokSa hai| yahI vizuddha dazA aura avinazvara sukha hai|' aisA kaha santa mauna hokara, dhyAna meM lIna hue, sabhI nirnimeSa dekhate rhe| uparyukta kathAvRtta bhAvAbhivyakti kauzala se atyanta ramaNIya hai / sugaThita bhASA sarasa va sarala hai / sulalita prAMjala zailI meM vaicArikatA kA prAdhAnya hai| nArI sAmAjika niyati se ba~dhI hai| vaha sAmAjika daMzoM ko jhelatI huI apane ko AhUta kara detI hai / rUr3hiyoM meM jakar3I nArI ke prati gaharI karuNA santakavi ke sAhitya sRjana kA mUla svara hai / kavi kA AtmAnubhava, vAtsalya evaM maitrI-karuNA kI sImAoM ko pAra kara adhyAtma kI ora unmukha hai| kAvya meM mAdhurya, oja evaM prasAdaguNa kA sundara sAmaMjasya mananIya hai / jaina AcAra darzana kA rUpaka ke mAdhyama se prastutIkaraNa apane Apa meM adbhuta hai| kAvya meM mAnavIkaraNa draSTavya hai / pravahamAna saritA saMsAra hai / rAtri ajJAna va mithyAjJAna kA pratIka hai / uSAkAla evaM prabhAta jJAnapuMja hai / pada-dalitA patitA nArI rUpa miTTI puNyazIlA bhavya AtmA hai| zilpI kumbhakAra guru sadupadeSTA hai / mumukSu miTTI nArI-mukti kI kAmanA se ota-prota hai / basa, yahIM se itivRtta mukti kI rAha para agrasara ho jAtA hai| mukti kI kAmanA meM AsthA (zraddhA) kA dRr3hatara honA nitAnta apekSita hai / kAraNa, yathArtha zraddhAna hI muktiprAsAda kA prathama sopAna hai / isake binA yathArtha jJAna durlabha hai / yathArtha jJAna evaM darzana kA AdhAra bhI yathArtha cAritra hai| krodha Adi cAra kaSAyoM kA abhAva aura ahiMsAdi vratoM kA ni:zalya paripAlana yathArtha cAritra hai / samyak cAritra se hI
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________________ 100 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA AsthA balavatI banatI hai| prabala AsthAvAn sAdhaka hI prazasta mArga meM agrasara hotA huA yathArtha jJAna-darzana ke sambala se mukti-lAbha ke nikaTa pahu~ca jAtA hai| yahA~ kAvya meM mamatA taba samatA meM pariNata ho jAtI hai jaba mA~ dharatI ke sambodhana se AtmarUpa miTTI ko prakRti-puruSa ke sammilana, vikRti aura kaluSa kA saMkucana, karmoM kA saMzleSaNa aura sva-para ke vizleSaNa kA spaSTa bhAna ho jAtA hai / guru kI zaraNa sukhada hotI hai, usameM pahu~cate hI bhAvoM meM nUtanatA AtI hai| zilpI guru miTTI rUpa AtmA ke karmaraja kI parata haTAtA hai| miTTI ko sadmArga rUpa gadahe para lAdakara sAdhanA kSetra rUpI prayogazAlA meM lA paTakatA hai| miTTI rUpa AtmA ko vizuddhakara kUparUpa svAtmA kI gaharAI se jalarUpa jJAna ke AharaNArtha guru jaise hI ulajhana rUpa rajjugranthiyoM ko kholate ki upasargoM kA sAmanA use karanA par3atA hai| svayaM sthitaprajJa, nirgranthI guru machalI rUpa eka anya bhavyAtmA ko sallekhanA ke sAtha samAdhi dilavAte haiN| miTTI rUpa AtmA sAdhanA meM magna huA hI thA ki usa para parIkSAoM kA AkAza TUTa par3atA hai| kAvya meM varSA kA manojJa varNana milatA hai / RtuoM ke bahAne kAvya meM jaladhi kA kopa, candra kA amarSa, badaliyoM kA rUpanartana, bAdaloM kI roSapUrNa garjanA, rAhu dvArA sUryagrahaNa rUpa vibhAvoM evaM utpAtoM, sUrya, dharatI, bar3avAgni, indradhanuSa evaM prabhaMjana rUpa bhAvoM tathA sadAcAra vRttiyoM kA dvandvayuddha atyanta rucikara bana par3A hai| guru jJAnonnata AtmA ko tapAgni meM tapAne ke lie avA lagAtA hai / Aga ke lie lakar3iyoM ko cunatA hai / yahA~ avA karmAsava ko rokane aura baddhakarmoM ko naSTa karane ke lie saMvara-nirjarA valayarUpa hai / avAgata prajvalita agni tapa hai, jisase nirjarA hotI hai| kumbha bhI agni meM tapa karatA aura karmakSaya kara apane ko maMgalamaya banAtA hai / guru sarvajJAtA haiN| ve avA kholate haiN| prabuddha AtmarUpa kumbha ko dekhakara prasanna haiM / putra kumbha kI abhilASA hai ki kinhIM mahAn tapasvI santa ke caraNoM kA sevaka banU~ / cAha ko rAha mila hI jAtI hai| putra kumbha ko zrAvaka rUpa seTha kA ghara milA aura samucita sammAna bhii| AhAra ke lie Ae tyAgI sAdhu kA satsaMga milA / kumbha kA ahobhAgya dekha svarNakalaza kI IrSyA bhar3akI, AtaMkavAda kA AkramaNa huA, seTha kA palAyana, nadI kI bAr3ha kA upasarga, jaladevatA kA sahayoga, nadI kA pAra kiyA jAnA ityAdi varNana kAvya meM bar3e hI manoraMjaka bana par3e haiN| patAkA aura prakarI rUpa sampUrNa kathA prasaMga itivRttarUpa sUtra meM bakhUbI piroe gae haiN| jaina yoga sAdhanA meM eka sAdhaka ko caudaha zreNiyoM ko pAra va pUrNa karanA hotI haiN| inheM 'guNasthAna' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / jIva ke svabhAva jJAna-darzana tathA cAritra kA nAma 'guNa' hai aura ina guNoM kI zuddhi aura azuddhi ke utkarSa evaM apakarSa kRta svarUpa vizeSa kA bheda 'guNasthAna' kahalAtA hai / mithyAtva kA vinAza guNasthAna kA utkRSTa sAra hai aura tattvajJAna kI yugapat upalabdhi hai| ___ AtmA ke isa utkarSa meM ahiMsAdi vratoM ke paripAlana ke alAvA sAdhaka pA~ca samiti, daza dharma, bAraha vairAgyapUrNa bhAvanAoM evaM bAIsa parISahoM para vijaya pAkara pA~ca cAritra evaM dvAdaza tapoM ke dvArA zubhAzubha karmoM ke AvAgamana ko rokakara uttarottara guNasthAnoM meM pravINatA hAsila karatA hai| bArahaveM guNasthAna meM kaSAyeM nizzeSata: naSTa ho jAtI haiM aura use vItarAgapanA hAsila ho jAtA hai / terahaveM guNasthAna meM usa AtmA ke jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya evaM antarAya karmoM kA nizzeSata: kSaya ho jAtA hai aura kaivalya kI upalabdhi hone se AtmA atyanta Rju ho jAtA hai / yahI usakI sarvajJatva evaM vimuktAvasthA hai| ___ayogakevalI nAmaka caudahavA~ guNasthAna anirvacanIya alaukika Ananda kI avasthA hai / yahA~ AtmA ekamAtra anantacatuSTaya yAnI jJAna-darzana-sukha evaM vIrya se sadaiva sampanna rahatI hai / kAvya kI carama pariNati bhI lokottara
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 101 brahmAnanda sahodara svayaM prakAzarUpa rasa meM hotI hai / Anandavardhana, abhinava gupta evaM mammaTa prabhRti vidvAnoM ne ajJAnAvaraNa se mukta zuddhacaitanya svarUpa banA huA rati Adi sthAyI bhAva hI rasa batalAyA hai-"bhagnAvaraNacidviziSTA ratyAdi: sthAyI bhAvo rasa iti" (rasagaMgAdhara, prathama Anana) / prakRta kAvya bhI ubhaya dRSTikoNoM ke pratipAdana meM yathArthatayA saphala rahA hai| kAvya meM aMgI rasa zAnta rasa kI puSTi meM aMga rasoM kA bhI yathocita sahaja pratipAdana milatA hai| miTTI kI dalita patitAvasthA evaM nadI kI bAr3ha meM bahatA huA seTha parivAra ke varNana meM karuNA kA srota umar3a par3atA hai| mA~ dharatI ke sambodhana meM vAtsalya rasa, bAdaloM kI gar3agar3AhaTa meM bhayAnaka, AtaMkavAda ke upakramaNa meM raudra aura olAvRSTi ke pratAraNa meM bIbhatsa, sAhasa pUrvaka AtaMka kA sAmanA karane meM seTha parivAra meM vIra rasa tathA putra ghaTa dvArA dhairya ba~dhAne meM bhI dayA vIra, kAvya meM aura adhika nikhAra lAtA hai| badaliyoM ke saundarya varNana meM to zRMgAra rasa spaSTa dRSTigocara hotA hai| pAtroM ke cayana meM santakavi kA sahaja naipuNyabhAva jhalakatA hai| kAvya kA AdhAra hI samasta prakRti kI goda hai| nadI taraMgoM kI aThakheliyA~, parvata-guphAoM tathA zikharoM kI ramaNIyatA, RtuoM kI saptaraMgI chaTA Adi kAvya ke prANa haiN| lakSaNA evaM vyaMjanA zakti ke aneka citra pada-pada para kAvya meM draSTavya haiN| hRdaya ko AnandapradAyaka yAda>dayA (pR. 38), rAhI>hIrA, rAkha>kharA (pR. 57), lAbha>bhalA (pR. 87), nadI>dIna (pR. 178), nAlI>lInA (pR. 178), tAmasa>samatA (pR. 284), rasanA> nAsara (pR. 181), dharatI>tIradha (tha)(pR.452), dharaNI>nIradha(pR.453) ityAdi viloma evaM anuloma arthaparaka zabdoM ke prayoga meM kavi kA naipuNya mananIya hai / isake alAvA santakavi ne aneka prasaMgoM para katipaya zabdoM kI atyanta sundara niruktiyA~ kI haiN| inameM kumbhakAra (pR. 28), gadahA (pR. 40), kRpANa (pR. 73), do galA (pR. 175-176), nArI, mahilA, abalA, mAtA, duhitA, strI, aMganA aura sutA (dekheM, pR. 202-207) Adi pramukha haiN| kAvya meM prasaMgavaza sarvatra utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyayuktaM sat' (pR. 184) jaise paribhASA sUtroM evaM mantra-sama 'khammAmi khamaMtu meM' (pR. 105), 'dhamma saraNaM pavvajjAmi' (pR. 75), 'dhammo dayAvisuddho' (pR. 70), 'dayAvisuddho dhammo' (pR. 88) tathA 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' (pR. 82) Adi subhASita ratnoM kA prayoga milatA hai, jo kAvya ke sauSThava ko bar3hAte haiN| kAvya meM prayukta anya sUkti bindu bhI pAThaka ke AkarSaNa ke kendra haiN| yathA- 'bahanA hI jIvana hai' (pR. 2), 'AsthA ke binA rAstA nahIM'(pR. 10), 'dayA kA vatana nirA hai' (pR.72), 'kAyA to kAyA hai/jar3a kI chAyA-mAyA hai' (pR. 92), 'svabhAva se hI mana caMcala hotA hai' (pR. 96), 'mana vaira-bhAva kA nidhAna hotA hI haiM' (pR. 97), 'vAtsalya jIvana kA trANa hai' (pR. 159) ityAdi / 'nAr3I DhIlI par3anA' (pR. 213), 'guravela kar3avI aura nIma car3hI' (pR. 236), 'bhIti binA prIti nahIM' (pR. 391), 'kA~Te se kA~TA nikAlA jAtA hai' (pR. 256) jaisI lokoktiyoM evaM muhAvaroM kA bhI kama prayoga kAvya meM nahIM huA hai| kAvya meM pAThaka kI ruci meM vRddhi karane vAle aura anya katipaya tattva bhI vidyamAna haiM, jinase jIvana ko unnata karane kI preraNA milatI hai, yathA : "nIti-niyoga kI vidhi batAtA prIti-prayoga kI nidhi dikhaataa|" (pR. 257) "AdhA bhojana kIjie/duguNA pAnI pIva / 0 tiguNA zrama cauguNI ha~sI/varSa savA sau jIva !" (pR. 133) "Amada kama kharcA jyAdA/lakSaNa hai miTa jAne kA 0 kUbata kama gussA jyAdA/lakSaNa hai piTa jAne kaa|" (pR. 135)
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________________ 102 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "pA~va natA se milatA hai / pAvanatA se khilatA hai / " (pR. 114) " hara prANI sukha kA pyAsA hai / " (pR. 141) samAja kA darpaNa hotA hai / mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' meM vidyamAna bhArata kI rASTrIya, sAmAjika, Arthika, sAMskRtika aura rAjanItika gatividhiyoM kI spaSTa jhalaka milatI hai| nArI kA samAja meM barAbara kA darjA hai| zikSita nAriyoM kI saMkhyA bar3ha rahI hai| unheM saMvidhAna dvArA pahale se adhika sammAna aura adhikAra pradatta haiM, phira bhI svatantra bhArata meM nArI kA zoSaNa ho rahA hai| usakI durgati kI jAtI hai| pahale use pralobhana die jAte haiM aura phira talAka / talAka para kAvya meM kitanA sundara kaTAkSa kiyA gayA hai : "svastrI ho yA parastrI,/ strI- jAti kA svabhAva hai, / ki kisI pakSa se cipakI nahIM rahatI vaha // anyathA, mAtRbhUmi mAtR pakSa ko / tyAga-patra denA khela hai kyA ? aura vaha bhI / binA saMkleza, binA AyAsa ! / yaha puruSa samAja ke lie / Ter3hI khIra hI nahIM, / trikAla asambhava kArya ' (pR. 224) jagat para arthavAda kA AvaraNa hai / bhArata usase achUtA nahIM / dhanatantra meM nyAya bhI sastA hai to jIvana usase bhI aura adhika sastA hai / adharma hI dharma bana rahA hai| aparAdhoM kI apekSA aparAdhiyoM kI bAr3ha A gaI hai / niraparAdhI lUTe jAte, pakar3e jAte haiM aura pITe bhI jAte haiN| rakSaka hI bhakSaka bane hue haiN| garIbI unmUlana ke nAroM meM garIboM ko lUTA jAtA hai| karoM kI mahattA hai| maha~gAI ke mukha meM kama Aya vAle hI nahIM, madhyamavargiyoM kI gardaneM pha~sI huI haiN| kisI ko kisI para vizvAsa hI nahIM raha gayA hai| mAnava mAnavatA se gira gayA hai / bhArata mahApuruSoM, dezabhaktoM kI bhUmi hai kintu pada-lolupI rAjasattA ke matavAle rAjanetAoM kI kathanI aura karanI ke bhedabhAva ne bhArata ke gaurava ko Thesa pahu~cAI hai| unake dvArA lie gae galata nirNayoM evaM ahaMbhAva ne kSetravAda kI vikarAla samasyAe~ utpanna kI haiN| Aja kA bhArata alagAvavAda, jAtivAda, naksalavAda aura vizeSarUpa se AtaMkavAda ke jhaMjhAvAta meM pha~sA huA hai| usakI Arthika dazA DAvAMDola hai / inhIM sabhI pakSoM kA prAsaMgika varNana kiyA gayA hai| isase kAvya meM kavi kA naipuNya hI ujAgara huA hai| sAtha hI kathita samasyAoM kA samAdhAna bhI sujhAyA gayA hai aura vaha hai- ahiMsA, aparigraha aura anekAnta siddhAnta kA samyak paripAlana, niSkAmabhAva (aparigraha) se kisI bhI prANI ko kisI bhI prakAra kI mAnasika, vAcika evaM zArIrika pIr3A na pahu~cA kara (ahiMsA), anekAntavAda arthAt vastu kI thArthatAko yathArtha rUpa se samajhanA, use samajhAnA aura svayaM paraspara meM ina ahiMsAdi ke paripAlana se hI prANI apane jIvana ko sukhI evaM samRddha banA sakatA hai| pU. 397 inase hI phUlatA- phalatA hai vaha "Arogya kA vizAla-kAya vRkSa !
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : akiMcana se maMgala ghaTa banane kI mukti yAtrA pro. (DaoN.) umA zukla Adhunika kAvya sAhitya kI eka anupama upalabdhi hai 'muukmaattii|' AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne isameM mukta chanda kA pravAha aura kAvyAnubhUti kI antaraMga laya samanvita kara eka adhyAtma kAvya kA rUpa diyA hai / ve dharatI para AdhyAtmikatA kA nava srota bahAne vAle tattvamanISI haiN| isa kAvya ko kavi ne cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai : (ka) saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha; (kha) zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM; (ga) puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana; (gha)agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha / jIvana ke kucha mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana hetu isa kRti kA sRjana huA hai / caitanya zakti ko ubhAranA evaM jAgRta karanA isa kRti kA lakSya hai / kabIra ne lalakAra kara kahA thA : "U~cai kula kyA janamiyA~ je karaNI U~ca na hoi|" janma ke bAda AcaraNa ke anurUpa unameM ucca-nIcatA rUpa parivartana ko kavi ne svIkArA hai| isalie saMkara-doSa se bacane ke sAtha-sAtha varNa-lAbha ko mAnava-jIvana kA audArya va sAphalya mAnA hai| jaisI saMgati milatI hai, vaisI gati hotI hai : "varNa kA Azaya/na raMga se hai/na hI aMga se/varan /cAla-caraNa, DhaMga se hai| yAnI !/jise apanAyA hai/use/jisane apanAyA hai/usake anurUpa apane guNa-dharma-/"rUpa-svarUpa ko/parivartita karanA hogaa|" (pR. 47) kavi ne prathama khaNDa meM mATI ke vyAja se samaya aura vyakti ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki vyakti niSThA, lagana, zrama aura kaThina abhyAsa se varNa-lAbha kara sakatA hai, kyoMki 'nara kA guNa ujjvala caritra hai, dhana dhAma nhiiN|' Adhunika yuga kI yaha eka jvalanta samasyA hai jahA~ kula aura jAti vyakti ke vikAsa meM bAdhaka yA sAdhaka banate haiN| jAti-pA~ti ke kAraNa bhAratIya samAja meM yogya aura karmaTha vyaktiyoM kI upekSA, nirAdara Ama bAta hai| yaha sAmAjika doSa hai jo sacce guNoM kA Adara na karake jAti ke AdhAra para U~ca-nIca kA nirdhAraNa karatA hai / yahI mAnyatA Ane vAle yuga meM mAnavatA ke prasAra meM sahAyaka mAnI jaaegii| mahAkavi ne pukAra-pukAra kara kahA hai ki vyakti janmanA nahIM, karmaNA mAnavamahattva kA ArAdhaka hai| kavi kahatA hai ki udyama se vidhi kA aMka ulaTa jAtA hai| kumbhakAra mATI ko maMgala ghaTa kA sArthaka rUpa denA cAhatA hai / 'sArthakatA' se pahale use kUTa-chAnakara kaMkaroM ko haTAnA z2arUrI hai| ___manuSya to tabhI apane ko laghutama mAnatA hai jaba prabhu ko gurutama mAnakara pahacAna letA hai| isIlie sAdhanA kI AvazyakatA hai / parvata kI U~cAI ko pAne ke lie caraNoM kA prayoga karanA par3atA hai| sAdhanA-skhalita jIvana meM anartha hI sambhava hai / 'gItA' kI karmaNyatA kA sandeza bhI ina zabdoM meM mukharita huA hai : "kisI kArya ko sampanna karate samaya anukUlatA kI pratIkSA karanA/sahI puruSArtha nahIM hai|" (pR. 13) apanI jIvana-yAtrA kA sUtrapAta karane ke lie bhagavAn ke caraNoM meM samarpaNa karanA hogaa| isa yAtrA meM sahakAra kA bhAva AnA bhI bahuta Avazyaka hai / dayA kA AnA hI manuSya kI sArthakatA hai :
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________________ 104 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "dayA kA honA hI/jIva-vijJAna kA/samyak paricaya hai / ...dayA kA vikAsa/mokSa hai|" (pR. 37-38) jIvana darzana : pApI se nahIM pApa se, paMkaja se nahIM paMka se ghRNA karo / nara se nArAyaNa banane ke lie laghutA tyAgakara gurutA prApta karanA hotI hai / manuSya ko nirgrantha patha kA pathika mAnA hai tabhI vaha ahiMsA kA anuyAyI ho sakatA hai| a~dhakUpa meM par3I machalI kI phariyAda mAnoM jIvana ke a~dhakUpa meM par3e vyakti kI yAcanA hai ki haMsarUpI brahma se use milA diyA jaae| yahA~ yaha bhI saMketa hai ki isa samparka meM choTI machalI ko bar3I machalI nigalatI hai| saMsAra meM sahadharmI-sahajAti meM hI vaira- vaimanasya hotA hai| vaijJAnika yuga ke chalAvoM aura avasaravAditA kA saMketa kavi ne diyA hai (pR. 73) / kathanI aura karanI kA bheda vyakti ko ghuna kI taraha khAe jA rahA hai / sAmya-samatA zabda ko kUpa kI machalI se nikalavAyA hai, jo samaya kI mA~ga hai| 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' zabdoM ke AdhunikIkaraNa kA maz2Aka ur3Ate hue kahA hai ki 'vasu' yAnI dhana dravya aura 'dhA' yAnI dhAraNa karanA-Aja dhana hI jisakA kuTumba hai, dhana hI jisakA mukuTa hai, aise hI svArthI saMsAra kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai| kaliyuga aura sat-yuga kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| prathama khaNDa meM jIvana darzana svayaM paribhASita hotA jAtA hai / kUpa, bAlaTI, machalI, rassI, gA~Tha, borI, zilpI Adi zabdagata adhyAtma aura vyakti kI bAta pratIkoM se bar3e anUThe DhaMga se vyakta kI haiN| AcArya vidyAsAgara kI AdhArazilA anubhava jJAna kI hai, usameM jIvana kA pratyakSa darzana hai / vaha jIvana ko paristhitiyoM kI asaMgatiyoM aura visaMgatiyoM se bharapUra mAnate haiM jisameM sukha aura santoSa kI chAyA bhI nahIM hai| kavi kI cintana dhArA aisI dizA meM agrasara huI hai jisameM usane mAyA-moha ke zilAkhaNDoM ko tor3ate hue jIvana kI sahaja saMvedanA kI bhUmi ko urvara kiyA hai aura mAnavatA ko mahAsAgara kI ora jAne kA adhikAdhika vega pradAna kiyA hai| kavi ne dUsare khaNDa 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' meM sAhityika bodha ko bahuAyAmI rUpa diyA hai| isameM zabda-prayoga zabda-sAdhanA kA sundara rUpa hai : ___"kama balavAle ho/kambalavAle hote haiN|" (pR. 92) pAzcAtya sabhyatA ko vibhISikA tathA bhAratIya sabhyatA ko kavi ne sukha-zAnti kI pravezikA batAyA hai : "pazcimI sabhyatA/...vinAza kI lIlA vibhISikA/ghUratI rahatI hai sadA sadoditA ...bhAratIya saMskRti hai/sukha-zAnti kI pravezikA hai|" (pR. 102-103) moha aura mokSa kI sAhityika vyAkhyA lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA dvArA kI hai| sabhI rasoM kI maulika vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| jIvanta sAhitya kI vyAkhyA kavi ne ina zabdoM meM kI hai : "zAnti kA zvAsa letA/sArthaka jIvana hI/sraSTA hai zAzvata sAhitya kA / isa sAhitya ko/A~kheM bhI par3ha sakatI haiM/kAna bhI suna sakate haiM isa kI sevA hAtha bhI kara sakate haiM/yaha sAhitya jIvanta hai nA!" (pR. 111) vIra rasa kI vyAkhyA anupama DhaMga se kI gaI hai : "vIra-rasa ke sevana karane se/turanta mAnava-khUna/khUba ubalane lagatA hai kAbU meM AtA nahIM vaha/dUsaroM ko zAnta karanA to dUra,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 105 zAnta mAhaula bhI khaulane lagatA hai/jvAlAmukhI-sama / " (pR. 131) hAsya rasa ko kahAvata ke sAtha kahA hai : "AdhA bhojana kIjie/duguNA pAnI pIva / tiguNA zrama cauguNI ha~sI/varSa savA sau jIva !" (pR. 133) raudra rasa kA namUnA isa prakAra hai : "bhItara barAbara bArUda bharA huA thA hI/phira kyA pUchanA ! nAka meM se bAhara kI ora/saghana ghUma-mizrita kopa kI lapaTeM lapalapAtI lAlI bahane lagI/...kopa kI koSikA nAka hI hai|" (pR. 135) zAnta rasa, vAtsalya rasa evaM karuNa rasa ke mela kI eka zAbdika jhA~kI isa prakAra prastuta hai : "karuNA-rasa jIvana kA prANa hai/ghama-ghama samIra-dharmI hai / vAtsalya-jIvana kA trANa hai/dhavalima nIra-dharmI hai| ...zAnta-rasa jIvana kA gAna hai/madhurima kSIra-dharmI hai|" (pR. 159) gaNita dvArA tIna aura chaha saMkhyAoM kI viparIta evaM sammukha dizAoM se vikRti aura prakRti kI sUcanA milatI hai| kumbha para citrita siMha aura zvAna ko rAjA evaM svArthI vRttivAle vyaktiyoM kA pratIka mAnA hai| 'hI' aura 'bhI' dvArA pazcimI sabhyatA aura bhAratIya sabhyatA para prakAza DAlA hai / 'mUkamATI' meM choTe se vAkya meM bhI zabdoM ke prayoga bar3e sundara hue haiM : "mara hama marahama baneM" (pR. 174); "maiM do glaa|" (pR. 175) dharma korA adhyAtma nahIM hai, na korA pUjA-pATha, na japa-tapa yA dhyAna-dhAraNA hI hai| vaha samUcA jIvana hai jisakA eka AyAma to deza-kAla z2arUra hai kintu usake sAtha eka dUsarA AyAma bhI hai apane Apa ko lA~ghakara Age jAne kA bhAva / usakA svabhAva hai gati kA dhAraNa / bhAratIya cintana meM isakA samakakSa zabda 'artha' hai / usI ko aura spaSTa karane ke lie use 'puruSArtha' nAma se bhI pukArA gayA hai / dharma to svayaM eka puruSArtha hai / zabdoM ke vigraha se zabdoM ke artha anokhe hue haiN| bhinna prakAra ke zabdoM kI nae DhaMga se abhivyakti huI hai| ina zabdoM kI nae prakAra kI abhivyakti ke lie jina zabdoM kI yojanA huI hai unameM bhinna prayoga se eka svatantra artha utpanna karane kI zakti hai| zabda ke vigraha dvArA zabda vizeSa kA navIna artha dyotana karane meM sahAyaka hote haiM : "svapna-sva pn|" (pR. 295) 0 "'hI' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai|" (pR. 172) 0 "'bhI' anekAnta, syAdvAda kA pratIka / " (pR. 172) 0 "dogalA-do glaa|" (pR. 175) abhivyakti kA yaha nirAlA DhaMga apanA svatantra lAvaNya rakhatA hai| - kavi kA kAvya naI jIvana-bhUmi se utsarjita huA hai / yaha zAzvata saMvedana hai / isa kAvya ke bhItara kaisA marmapUrNa
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________________ 106 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA mAnava-jIvana kA svarUpa nihita hai aura kalA kI sImA meM usakA kaisA manorama aura prabhAvazAlI vinyAsa kiyA gayA hai ! mATI ke mAdhyama se kavi ne bhAvoM aura mAnava ke cira-dina kI anubhUtiyoM aura kalpanAoM ke kSetra ko abhivyakta kiyA hai| bAhya jagat ke Arthika yA saiddhAntika vibhedoM ke rahate hue bhI manuSya Akhira manuSya hI hai| usake Adarza aura usakI mAnavIyatA sabhI sabhya yugoM meM eka-sI hI U~cI raha sakatI haiN| isa khaNDa meM darzana zAbdika abhivyaMjanA dvArA abhivyakta huA hai| tIsare khaNDa meM 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' jaise darzana ko cunA gayA hai| eka prakAra se mATI ke kumbha se jIvana kI pUrNatA, urvaratA aura prakAzamayatA kA pratIka hone ke sAtha usake sAyujya aura sarvabhUtahita ke lie usake upayojya bhAva kA bhI pratIka hai, maMgala bodha to hai hii| ghaTa kI paripUrNatA aura ghaTa kI paripUrakatA kA dhyAna banA rahanA caahie| yaha kumbha nikhila vizva kI AkAMkSA kA pratIka bhI hai jo pratyeka abhyudaya ko apane dravaNa se bharanA caahie| satya nirmita nahIM kiyA jAtA, use sAdhanA se upalabdha kiyA jAtA hai / kavi yA kalAkAra ko bhI jIvana ke kisI antarnihita sAmaMjasya aura satya kI pratIti isI krama se hotI hai-cAhe bhASA, chanda aura abhivyakti paddhati usakI vyaktigata ho / kavi ne dharatI ko sarvasahA kahA hai / santoM kA patha yahI hai / kavi muktA kI boriyoM ko rAja maNDalI dvArA bharavAtA hai / rAjamukha se svayaM yaha dhvani nikalatI hai : "satya-dharma kI jaya ho !/satya-dharma kI jaya ho !!" (pR.216) tana-mana para saMyama kI bAta uThAkara mana ke saMyama ko ulajhanamaya kaThina (pR. 198) kahA hai / nArI, abalA, strI, sutA, duhitA, aMganA Adi zabdoM ke vigraha se zabdoM kI zakti batAI hai| phUla aura pavana kI saMvAda zailI se parahita kI ora saMketa hai / isa kAvya ko adhyAtma kahanA hI adhika sArthaka hai / kavi aura kAvya kA mUlyAMkana isa AdhAra para hotA hai ki yuga tathA sAhitya ko usakI dena kyA hai ? mahAn kavi vidyAsAgarajI ne vistRta bhAvabhUmi para akiMcana viSaya lekara kAma kiyA hai| ve eka sAMketika kalAkAra haiM / anubhUti kA satya, bhAvanA kI saphala abhivyakti, yuga-cetanA kA grahaNa aura svastha jIvana-darzana kavi kI mahAnatA ke paricAyaka haiN| / 'mUkamATI' kA cintana kavi ke gambhIra, vizada adhyayana kA paricAyaka hai / isameM cintana kA kSetra itanA vyApaka hai ki jIvana kI samasyAoM para maulika vicAra aura svatantra dhAraNAe~ sahaja sulabha haiM / samasta cintana-manana kAvya se ekAkAra ho gayA hai / kAvya meM adhyAtma aura adhyAtma meM kAvya hai / darzana kI svara laharI bhI maujUda hai| mahAkAvya vizeSa kAvya rUpa tathA zailI kA bodhaka hotA hai| pazcima meM mahAkAvya kA svarUpa sarvaprathama saMkalanAtmaka praNAlI para Arambha huA / paramparA se bikharI huI sAmagrI kA upayoga kalAkAra mahAkAvya meM kara letA hai| yuga kI samasta vastu kA samAhAra usameM ho jAtA hai / saMsAra ke sabhI mahAn kAvya apane samaya kI cetanA se sambaddha hote haiN| manuSya kI pravRtti, samasyA kA vizleSaNa usameM rahatA hai / 'mUkamATI' apane jIvana-darzana, kAvya-sauSThava, mukta chanda, mAnavIya vyApAra ke AdhAra para mahAkAvya kA pada prApta karatI hai| yaha vidyAsAgarajI kI sarvottama kRti ke rUpa meM hindI meM AI aura eka nidhi banakara rhegii| kavi ke zabdoM meM : "kRti rahe, saMskRti rahe/AgAmI asIma kAla taka jAgRta' 'jIvita "ajita !/...hita sva-para kA yaha nizcita nirAkRta hotA hai !" (pR. 245-246)
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________________ mAnavIya prajJA ko uddIpta karane vAlA mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' pro. (DaoN.) mahendra nAtha dube AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI zrI-medhA se nissRta aura pavitra karoM se viracita 'mUkamATI' kRti samIkSA hetu mujhe kucha mahIne pUrva prApta huii| taba se maiM isake pATha meM aisA nimagna ho gayA ki isakI samIkSA bhI karanI hogI, yaha bhUla hI gyaa| prAya: hI aisI dhAraNA banAne kA avasara hamAre virakta sAdhu saMnyAsI-mahAtmA dete haiM ki virakta ho jAne ke bAda samAja se unakA koI lenA-denA nahIM raha jaataa| aise virakta kadAcit hI milate haiM jo saMsAra se svayaM virakta hote hue bhI, loka-kalyANa kI bhAvanA se barAbara hI samAja se jur3e hote haiN| 'mUkamATI' ke pATha se maiM isI niSkarSa para pahuMcA hU~ ki AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI eka aise hI virala vyaktitva haiM jo apanI pratyeka sA~sa meM loka-kalyANa kI hI cintA karate rahate haiN| __'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM prakAzita huA hai| prastavana' meM zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ne isakI mahAkAvyIya mahimA ke kaI AdhAra spaSTa batalAe haiM / parantu sAhitya kI sAmAnya kAvya-paramparA kI pracalita dhAraNAoM ke sA~ce vAle mahAkAvyoM jaisA yaha mahAkAvya nahIM hai apitu mAnavIya prajJA ko uddIpta karane vAlA jJAnoddIpaka kAvya hai / 'mUkamATI' meM mATI kataI hI mUka nahIM hai balki mATI ke sAtha-sAtha isameM varNita dharatI, ghar3A, machalI, gadhA, rasanA, mauna, mATI kI AsthA, zaurya, nadI, rasa, zvAna, siMha, kachuvA, kharagoza, prabhAkara, sAgara, lekhanI, avA, kuNDala, kapola, svarNa kalaza, pAyasa, jhArI, rasa, macchara, matkuNa, dala, gaja-dala, sarpa, nadI, AtaMkavAda, rassI jaise tattva sabhI-ke-sabhI mukhara haiM / aMgrejI kAvyazAstra meM arUpa padArthoM ke rUpAkAra kI aura amAnavIya mAnavetara tattvoM ke mAnavIkaraNa kI yojanA karane ke alaMkAra to haiM, parantu itane virATa dharAtala para amUrta ke mUrtIkaraNa aura mAnavetara ke mAnavIkaraNa ke udAharaNa vahA~ bhI ekatra kahIM nahIM mileNge| isa kAvya meM yaha prakriyA kahIM-kahIM to itanI adhika mAtrA meM hai ki sahasA hAsyAspada lagane lagatI hai, parantu jaba hama dekhate haiM ki yaha sArI prakriyA, vANIhIna varga kA vANImaya hokara mukharita ho uThanA, mAtra isalie hai ki inase mAnava kA kalyANa ho to isa loka-kalyANakAmI dRSTi ke prati zraddhA hotI hai| . 'mUkamATI' kAvya mukta chandoM meM nibaddha hai / mukta chandoM kI tamAma sArI unmuktatA ke bAvajUda usameM dhvanigata aura ArohAvarohagata tAna aura laya kA eka bandhana avazya hotA hai / isa kAvya meM vaha bandhana bhI kahIM-kahIM DhIlA ho gayA hai, jaise: 0 "nizA kA avasAna ho rahA hai,/uSA kI aba zAna ho rahI hai|" (pR. 1) 0 "inakI A~kheM haiM karuNA kI kArikA/zatrutA chU nahIM sakatI inheM milana-sArI mitratA/mufta milatI rahatI inase / " (pR. 202) kahIM-kahIM to mukta chanda, chanda na hokara gadya hI ho gayA hai, jaise : . "isI prasaMga meM/prAsaMgika bAta batAtA hai apakva kumbha bhI/prajApati ko saMketa kr|" (pR.216)
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________________ 108 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "aura yaha bhI zaMkA hotI hai, ki/varSA-Rtu ke anantara zarad Rtu meM hIraka sama zubhra kyoM hote?" (pR.230) . "isake sAmane 'sTAra-vAra'/jo ina dinoM carcA kA viSaya banA hai vizeSa mahattva nahIM rkhtaa|" (pR. 251) kahIM-kahIM bAta ko kholakara samajhAne ke cakkara meM bAta ko aura bhI ulajhA diyA gayA hai, jaise : "labdha-saMkhyA ko paraspara milAne se/9 kI saMkhyA hI zeSa raha jAtI hai| yathAH/994 2 = 198, 1+9+ 8 = 18, 1+ 8 = 9 / " (pR. 166) - isI prakAra bAta ko kholane ke prayAsa meM bhI anyathA zrama racayitA ko karanA par3A hai, yathA : / "AnA yAnI janana-utpAda hai/jAnA yAnI maraNa-vyaya hai lagA huA yAnI sthira-dhauvya hai/aura/hai yAnI cira-sat yahI satya hai yahI tathya !" (pR. 185) " 's' yAnI sama-zIla saMyama/'trI' yAnI tIna artha haiM dharma, artha, kAma-puruSArthoM meM/puruSa ko kuzala- saMyata banAtI hai so. strI kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 205) " 'vai' yAnI nizcaya se/ khalI' yAnI dhUrtA-pApinI hai|" (pR. 403) kAvya kI kalAtmaka sarjanA meM prAya: hI zabdoM ko tor3akara, maror3akara, ulaTakara eka vizeSa bhAva sUcita karane kA prayAsa kavi ne kiyA hai| prAya: isa taraha ke prayAsa rasamaya lagate haiM parantu kahIM-kahIM to ve nire camatkAra pradarzana mAtra lagate haiM, jaise : "svayaM rAhI zabda hI/viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai-/raa"ho"hii"raa|" (pR.57) 0 "rAkha bane binA/kharA-darzana kahA~ ?/raa'kh"kh"raa|" (pR. 57) 0 "lAbha zabda hI svayaM/viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai-/laa"m"m"laa|"(pR.87) 0 "maiM dogalA"maiM "dogalA,/maiM dogalA !!" (pR. 176) 0 "ina kA viloma pariNamana huA hai/yAnI, na.''dIdI 'n|" (pR. 178) 0 "dhI-ratA hI vRtti vaha/dharatI kI dhIratA hai/aura kAya-ratA hI vRtti vaha/jaladhi kI kAyaratA hai|" (pR. 233) isI prakAra isa kAvya meM kucha aise zabdoM ke prayoga haiM jo aba prayoga meM nahIM rahe, athavA vartamAna kAla taka Ate-Ate jinake arthoM meM parivartana ho gayA hai athavA phira jo pracalana meM na hone ke kAraNa arthavaha nahIM raha gae haiN| bahuta sambhava hai ki hindI-bhASA-kSetra se bhinna bhASA-bhASI kSetra kA hone ke kAraNa aura saMskRta-prAkRta kI paramparA se adhika jur3e hone ke kAraNa AcAryazrI ne aise zabdoM kA adhika prayoga kiyA ho / jaise- kalilatA, upAzrama, virAdhanA, karNikA, kRSNa varNa, virecanA, snAta, snapita, adaya, upadhi, janI, nItakarama, A~kheM palakatI nahIM, bhAsvata, zamya, vaiyAvRtya, adesakha, rahavAsI, nIrAga, tRpA, parISaha, asAtA, amApa, narapoM, vikriyA, bhAmaNDala, zvabhra, sanIla Adi 000000
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 109 aise hI zabda haiM jo sAmAnya hindI pAThaka ke lie sahaja bodhagamya nahIM haiN| isa taraha ke zabda camatkAroM athavA durUha prayogoM ke kAraNa racanA ke jana-sAmAnya ke nikaTa paricaya meM A pAne meM kaThinAI hotI hai| ina kucha kaThinAiyoM ke atirikta yaha racanA nizcaya hI bar3I hI jJAnavardhaka aura lokopakArI hai| isameM mAnava-samAja ke basa tIna hI viziSTa pratinidhi haiM, eka- zilpI kumbhakAra, dUsarA-atithi-ArAdhaka nagara seTha aura tIsare nIrAga sAdhu, bAkI sAre pAtra prAyaH prakRti ke hI vividha rUpoM ke haiM athavA phira AtaMkavAdiyoM ke guToM ke| AcAryazrI ne 'mATI' jaise eka ati sAmAnya padArtha ko, jisa para jIvana bhara jIvana bitAne para bhI kisI kI dRSTi vizeSa AkarSita nahIM hotI, use isa kAvya kA mUlAdhAra banAkara jahA~ eka ora apanI udAratA kA paricaya diyA hai, vahIM mATI kI vAstavika mahimA kA udghATana bhI kiyA hai| sAmAnya pRthvI yA dharatI se mATI ko pRthak karanA, aisI mATI ke tattva kA sandhAna karanA jisase rUpAkAra bana sakeM, aura mATI ke usa gaurava ko pratyakSa karanA jisake samakSa sonA-cA~dI jaisI mahArgha dhAtuoM kA mUlya bhI zrI-hIna ho jAtA hai, eka atyanta antarbhedI dRSTi rakhane vAle mahAtmA se hI sambhava hai| 'mUkamATI' kAvya cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai-(1) khaNDa eka-'saMkara nahIM: varNa-lAbha' bar3A hI sArthaka hai| prAya: hI carAcara prakRti meM saMkara tattvoM kI arthAt mizrita, avizuddha tattvoM kI bharamAra hai parantu jaba bhI koI nayI sRSTi karanI hotI hai to saMkara tattvoM se to kAma nahIM cala sakatA / taba to vizuddha tattva kI hI AvazyakatA hotI hai| kaMkar3apatthara mizrita mATI ke lauMde se anAvazyaka, bAdhaka tattvoM ko alaga kara, chane hue vizuddha jala ke mizraNa se usameM mArdavatA lA kara, mulAyamiyata upajA kara, lacIlepana ke guNa se sampanna kara, kuzala kumbhakAra kisa prakAra ghar3e ke svarUpa ko gar3hatA hai, isI kA AkhyAna isa khaNDa meM kiyA gayA hai| (2) dvitIya khaNDa - 'zabda so bodha nahIM: bodha so zodha nahIM' ke antargata mATI meM samucita mAtrA meM pAnI ke mizraNa se upajI mRdutA se ghar3e ke gar3he jAne kI prakriyA ke Age bar3hAne kA dRzya hai / zilpI apanI saralatA ke kAraNa garIbI meM hI guz2ara-basara karatA hai aura usI meM santuSTa bhI hai| prakRti tattvoM ke nikaTa rahane meM hI apanA bhalA samajhatA hai| pAnI sokha kara miTTI phUlatI hai, gadarAtI hai| mATI ke khodane ke krama meM eka kA~Te para kudAlI jo lagatI hai to usa kA~Te se bhI kumbhakAra kA saMvAda hotA hai / kumbhakAra apane sahanazIla svabhAvavaza "khammAmi khamaMtu me-/arthAt maiM kSamA karatA hU~ sabako, kSamA cAhatA hU~ sabase" (pR. 105) ke anurodha se badalA lene ke krUra bhAvoM se use alaga karatA "bodha ke siMcana binA/zabdoM ke paudhe ye kabhI lahalahAte nahIM, ...phUla se nahIM, phala se/tRpti kA anubhava hotA hai|" (pR. 106-107) ina jaise upadezoM se kA~Te kA hRdaya bhI pasIjatA jAtA hai| kumbhakAra usake pazcAttApa bhAva ko dekha kahatA hai: "mantra na hI acchA hotA hai/nA hI burA/acchA, burA to apanA mana hotA hai/sthira mana hI vaha/mahAmantra hotA hai|" (pR. 108-109) isI krama meM moha kI, mokSa kI dhAraNAoM ko bhI kavi spaSTa karatA hai / sAhitya ke sambandha meM usakA kathana draSTavya hai: "hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai
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________________ 110 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA aura/sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai|" (pR. 111) phira to sAhitya kI vistRta carcA chir3a jAtI hai / jisa krama meM sraSTA kavi se le kara zrotA- bhoktA, pAThaka taka ke sAhityika rasAsvAda para racayitA apanI TippaNiyA~ detA calatA hai / mauna kI mahimA kA bakhAna karatA hai / prakRti va puruSa ke guNa-dharma kI carcA karatA hai| apane nAnA prakAra ke upadezoM se racayitA yahA~ rasAbhibhUta karane ke sthAna para pAThaka ko jJAnAbhibhUta kara detA hai / sAhitya ke navoM rasoM ko paraspara kisI-na-kisI sambandha se sambaddha kara unakI sArI guNavattA ke sAtha citrita kiyA gayA hai / rasa-carcA kA yaha aMza apekSAkRta adhika lambA khiMca gayA hai / vaise isa krama meM bhI AcAryazrI avasara nikAlakara jJAnopadeza dete calate haiM, jaise : 0 "sthita-prajJa ha~sate kahA~ ?/moha-mAyA ke jAla meM Atma-vijJa phaMsate kahA~ ?" (pR. 134) 0 "he zRMgAra !/svIkAra karo yA na karo/yaha tathya hai ki, hara prANI sukha kA pyAsA hai/parantu,/rAgI kA lakSya-bindu artha rahA hai aura/tyAgI - virAgI kA paramArtha !" (pR. 141) 0 "jIvana-jagat kyA ?/Azaya samajho, AzA jIto ! AzA hI ko pAzA samajho!" (pR. 150) - "saba rasoM kA anta honA hI-/zAnta-rasa hai|" (pR. 160) kumbha kA nirmANa pUrNa ho cukane ke bAda usake zRMgAra-sajAva meM vividha rekhAMkanoM evaM aMkoM kA utkIrNana zilpI usa para karatA hai, unheM bhI pratIka mAnakara unake gUDhArthoM ko kavi spaSTa karatA gayA hai / 0 "eka-dUsare ke sukha-duHkha meM/paraspara bhAga lenA/sajjanatA kI pahacAna hai, aura/auroM ke sukha ko dekha, jalanA/auroM ke duHkha ko dekha, khilanA durjanatA kA sahI lakSaNa hai|" (pR. 168) 0 "'hI' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai 'bhI' anekAnta, syAdvAda kA pratIka / " (pR. 172) tadanantara kumbha ko jalAkara pakAne kI prakriyA Arambha hotI hai / isa krama meM jo tApa dene kI avA~ meM prakriyA zurU hotI hai usa krama meM tapa aura tapana para eka lambA AkhyAna kavi prastuta karatA hai / aura isa prakaraNa ko vasanta-Rtu ke vyatIta ho jAne aura grISma ke Agamana taka citrita karatA hai| ___'puNya kA pAlana: pApa-prakSAlana' zIrSaka khaNDa tIna apekSAkRta durUha hai, vizeSataH isalie ki isa khaNDa meM mahAyogI kRtikAra ne apanI sahaja sAdhanA ke krama meM, apane dharmopadezoM ko sAmane rakhane ke uddezya se kucha aisI kalpanAe~ bhI kI haiM jo eka ora jahA~ sahaja svAbhAvika prakRti krama ke anukUla nahIM lagatIM, vAyavIya kalpanA mAtra jAna par3atI haiM aura tarka kI tulA para ThIka nahIM baiThatIM, vahIM dUsarI ora paramparA prApta rUr3hiyoM aura vizvAsoM se bhI mela nahIM khaatiiN| jaise ki Arambha meM jala aura jalanidhi sAgara kA jaisA varNana hai Age jAkara vaha mAnavIya kalyANa ke viruddha citrita kiyA gayA hai| tamAma taraha kI muktAoM ke ginAne meM eka meghamuktA kI bhI kalpanA kI gaI hai, jo sahaja loka
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 111 vizvAsa meM nahIM hai / samudra ko akalyANakAmI aura vidhvaMsaka khalanAyaka ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai, jo gar3he gae aura sUkha rahe kumbha ko naSTa kara dene ke abhiprAya se vaha apanI jar3abuddhi ke kAraNa badaliyoM ko bhejatA hai ki ve jAkara pAnI barasAe~ aura sUkha rahe ghar3oM ko galA kara bahA deN| parantu sUrya ke upadeza se ve satpatha para A jAtI haiM aura ghar3e ko galA dene kI jagaha megha muktAoM kI bAriza kara ghar3e ko aura kumbhakAra ke ghara ke prAMgaNa ko motiyoM se bhara detI haiN| badaliyoM ke strIliMga hone kA lAbha uThAte hue racanAkAra ne isI prasaMga meM nArI-('na ari' nArI.', ye ArI nahIM haiM so nArI", pR. 202), abalA (na balA so abalA pR. 203), kumArI-('ku' yAnI pRthivI/'mA' yAnI lakSmI/aura 'rI' yAnI dene vAlI"/...yaha dharA sampadA-sampannA/taba taka rahegI/jaba taka yahA~ 'kumArI' rahegI, pR. 204), strI-('s' yAnI sama-zIla saMyama/'trI' yAnI tIna artha haiM/dharma, artha, kAma-puruSArthoM meM/puruSa ko kuzala-saMyata banAtI hai/so strI kahalAtI hai, pR. 205), sutA-(sukha-suvidhAoM kA srotaso -/'sutA' kahalAtI hai, pR. 205), duhitA- (do hita jisameM nihita hoM,/vaha 'duhitA' kahalAtI hai, pR. 205), mAtR-(jo saba kI AdhAra-zilA ho,/saba kI jananI/mAtra mAtRtattva hai, pR. 206) jaisI vyAkhyAtmaka TippaNiyA~ prastuta karatA hai / Upara se dekhane para yaha saba mAtra kalpanAe~ haiM aura zAbdika kalpanA hI dikhAI par3atA hai parantu isake nIce nArI jAti ke prati AcAryazrI ke mana meM jo Adara bhAva hai vahI mukharita hotA dikhAI par3atA hai| "isIlie isa jIvana meM/mAtA kA mAna-sammAna ho, usI kA jaya-gAna ho sadA,/dhanya!" (pR. 206) sUrya ke upadezoM se muktA varSA karane vAlI badaliyoM kI muktA-varSA kA samAcAra sunakara jahA~ eka ora rAjA ke anucara sArI muktAoM ko boriyoM meM bhara lene, use uThA le jAne ke lie jyoM hI jhukate haiM, tyoM hI AkAza meM gambhIra garjanA hotI hai, usase virata rahane ko| anta meM kumbhakAra svayaM hI yU~ AkAza se barasI muktAoM ko rAjA kI hI sampatti mAna kara unheM hI sauMpA detA hai / kumbha dvArA rAjA para kI gaI kaTUkti ko bhI kumbhakAra acchA nahIM samajhatA : "laghu hokara gurujanoM ko/bhUlakara bhI pravacana denA mahA ajJAna hai du:kh-mudhaa|" (pR. 218) dUsarI ora badaliyoM ke isa kRtya se sAgara aura kSubdha ho jAtA hai aura saghana ghanoM ko bhejatA hai, saba kucha galAbahA dene ko / ghanoM kA sUrya se vivAda hotA hai / sAgara phira sUrya se bhir3ane ke lie rAhu ko bhejatA hai| rAhu sUrya ko nigala jAtA hai| taba dhUli-kaNa ur3a-ur3akara saMhArakArI varSA karanevAle bAdaloM kI bAriza, ole vagairaha kA sAmanA karate haiN| phira adRzya rUpa meM hI indradevatA apanA sara-sandhAna karate haiM bAdaloM para (yaha prasaMga isa dRSTi se ThIka nahIM U~catA ki indra to bAdaloM ke hI devatA mAnya haiM / ve unake saMghAraka nahIM ho skte)| yahA~ indra ke tulya lekhaka svayaM avatarita ho apanA mantavya pragaTa karatA hai : "maiM yathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/vyathAkAra nhiiN| aura/tathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/kathAkAra nhiiN|" (pR. 244) lekhaka svayaM bAdaloM kI atyAcArI vRttiyoM para prahAra karatA hai / oloM kI vRSTi bhI kumbha kA kucha bigAr3a nahIM paatii| isa prasaMga meM gulAba kA phUla, usake kA~Te bhI apanA-apanA mantavya pragaTa karate haiN| daraasala sArI kalpanAoM ke
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________________ 112 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pIche racayitA kI mAnava kalyANa bhAvanA hI chipI huI hai, yena-kena-prakAreNa vaha loka kalyANa ke prati pAThaka kI bhAvanAoM kA udreka karanA cAhatA hai : "para ke lie bhI kucha karUM/sahayogI-upayogI bnuuN|" (pR. 259) isI kalyANa bhAvanA ke anurUpa pavana pralayaMkArI bAdaloM ke viruddha khar3A hotA hai aura unheM oloM sahita ur3A le jAkara punaH usI samudra meM girA detA hai| vAtAvaraNa ke zAnta ho jAne para phira sabhI kucha nayA aura maMgalamaya ho jAtA hai : "gagana kI galiyoM meM,/nayI umaMga naye raMga/...nayA maMgala to/nayA sUraja ...nayI sudhA to nirAmiSA/...naye chuvana meM naye sphuraNa haiN|" (pR. 264-265) khaNDa cAra-'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' AkAra (sampUrNa kAvya 488 pRSTha meM hai jaba ki yaha cauthA khaNDa hI 220 pRSThoM kA hai) aura prakAra (bhAva evaM kalA bodha) donoM hI dRSTiyoM se vizeSa mahattva kA hai / vastuta: Arambha ke tInoM khaNDa isakI pRSThabhUmi se hI haiN| unameM upadeza ke tattva to pracura mAtrA meM haiN| parantu kathAtattva jo kisI bhI prabandhakAvya ke lie nitAnta Avazyaka hotA hai, usakA sarvathA abhAva hai / isa cauthe khaNDa meM Akara kathA-tattva kucha bala pakar3atA hai, yadyapi kathA kI koI eka samanvita kar3I nahIM bana pAtI / kathA ke jo sUtra jagaha-jagaha chiTakechitarAye milate haiM, ve sAmAnya dRSTi se kahIM-kahIM hAsyAspada se lagate haiM, jaise-avA~ kI lakar3iyoM kA bolanA, kumbhakAra ko upadeza denA, avA~ kI jalatI agni bhI bolatI hai, kumbha kI sparzA (tvacA saMvedanA), nAsA (ghrANa), A~kha (dRSTi) Adi kA bolanA, avA~ ko jalAtI huI agni kA upadeza, avA~ kI kisI svairiNI dhvani kI dhuna, kumbha ke mana ke manobhAva, nagara seTha kA miTTI ke kumbha ke prati ati AkarSaNa, kumbha kA mUlya cukAne kI koziza karane para bhI kumbhakAra dvArA muphta meM hI kumbha dene kI jida karanA, kisI bhI dazA meM mUlya svIkAra na karanA, dAtAoM kI umar3atI bhIr3a, pAtra yAnI atithi kI sevA ke lie dhanikoM kI kampaTIzana lagAtI Atura bhIr3a-jisa taraha ke dRzya isa deza meM bahuta sulabha nahIM haiM-sArI mahArgha dhAtuoM ke Age miTTI ke kumbha ke prati prabalAsakti, atithi satkAra kA avasara pAne se dhanikoM kA kRtakatya ho jAnA, kumbha ke mukha se kavitA pATha, kavi kI lekhanI kA bAra-bAra bIca meM A ghusanA, gAloM kA kuNDaloM ko samajhAnA, kumbha kA seTha ko upadeza, dhAtu kalazoM kA miTTI ke kumbha se vAda-vivAda, rasa kA va halave taka kA sambhASaNa, macchara aura matkuNa taka kA dharmopadeza denA, seTha ke bImAra par3ane para hara vidhi se yogya cikitsakoM ke upacAra-nidAna ke Upara bhI kumbha kA upadeza denA, prAkRtika cikitsA kI vidhi samajhAnA, mATI ke kumbha ke samajhAne ke anurUpa cikitsakoM dvArA cikitsA kiyA jAnA, svarNa kalaza dvArA IrSyA se jalakara AtaMkavAda ko AmantraNa de seTha ko parivAra sahita samUla naSTa kara dene kI yojanA banAnA, sphaTika kI jhArI kA mATI ke kumbha kA pakSa samarthana karanA, kumbha kA seTha aura usake parivAra ko saceta karanA, phira kumbha ke pIche-pIche pUre parivAra kA palAyana karanA, mAMsAhArI siMha se pratAr3ita hAthiyoM ke dala kA seTha ke parivAra kI sahAyatA svIkAranA aura kumbha ko gajamuktA kI bheMTa denA, AtaMkavAda ke dala kA seTha-parivAra para AkramaNa, gaja-dala dvArA seTha ke parivAra kI rakSA karanA, saryoM ke dala dvArA nyAya-vicAra aura seTha -parivAra ko nirdoSa mAna kara unakI sahAyatA karanA, pradhAna sarpa dvArA kisI ko bhI na kATane kI sIkha sarpa-samAja ko denA, sarpa-dala ke pratyAkramaNa se AtaMkavAda kA parAjita honA, sarpa-samAja ke nAganAgina ke camatkAra paidA karane vAle dharmopadeza aura nAga-maNiyoM kA arpaNa, pralayaMkArI varSA ke utpAtoM se gaja-gaNoM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 113 dvArA seTha-parivAra kI rakSA karanA, bar3hiyAI nadI pAra karane kI samasyA se hAla-behAla seTha parivAra ko kumbha dvArA upAya batalAnA aura apane gale meM rassI kA phaMdA DalavA kara pUre seTha parivAra ko rassI pakar3avA kara akele eka kumbha dvArA nadI pAra karavA denA, AtaMkavAda se saMgharSa karane ke nAma para nadI pAra kara surakSita sthAna para bhAga jAne kI salAha denA, mAMsabhakSI jala jIvoM dvArA ahiMsAvratI seTha-parivAra ko chU-chU kara chor3a denA, nadI kA dharA ko bhalA-burA kahanA, seTha kA nadI ko samajhAnA, kumbha kA nadI ko lalakAranA, mahAmatsya dvArA kumbha ko muktA-maNi dAna karanA, AtaMkavAda kI nadI se guhAra, usake dvArA naukA ke sahAre seTha-parivAra ko jA gheranA aura una para pattharoM kI bauchAra karanA, phira bhI kumbha ko phor3a pAne meM evaM ba~dhI huI rassI ko kATa pAne meM asaphala raha jAnA, pracaNDa vAtyacakra kA Akara AtaMkavAda ko AtaMkita-mUrchita kara denA aura phira kumbha ke izAre para zAnta ho jAnA, nadI dvArA seTha parivAra kA pakSa le AtaMkavAda ko nAva sahita Dubo dene kI ceSTA, AtaMkavAda ke mantra smaraNa se devatA dala kA unakI sahAyatA hetu Agamana parantu AtaMkavAda kI icchA ke anurUpa madada na de pAne kI apanI asamarthatA pragaTa karanA, AtaMkavAda ko seTha parivAra kI zaraNa meM jAne kI salAha denA, AtaMkavAda kA seTha ke samakSa praNata ho kSamA-yAcanA karanA, seTha kA sahRdayatA se unheM dharmopadeza denA, upakRta AtaMkavAda ke sadasyoM kA nAva chor3akara nadI meM chalAMga lagAnA aura seTha-parivAra ke sadasyoM dvArA unheM godI meM uThAkara bacAnA, nAva ke DUbane ko AtaMkavAda kA anta aura anantavAda kA zrIgaNeza batAnA, kumbha ke pIche-pIche paMktibaddha ho sabakA calanA, kumbha dvArA sabake lie maMgalAzISa denA, nadI taTa dvArA kumbha kA bhAva-vihvala svAgata, sabakI prANarakSA karane vAlI rassI dvArA logoM se basa itane bhAra ke lie kSamA mA~ganA ki logoM kI kamara meM ba~dhI hone ke kAraNa logoM kI kamara ko kleza pahu~cA, parivAra dvArA rassI ko dilAsA denA, seTha parivAra sahita kumbha dvArA kumbhakAra kA svAgata, dharatI dvArA kumbha kA abhinandana, dharatI-kumbha aura sabhI dvArA kumbhakAra ke prati kRtajJatA jJApana, kumbhakAra kA vinIta bhAva, aura usI vinIta bhAva se vaha sabhI kA dhyAna pAdapa ke nIce zilAkhaNDa para samAsIna nIrAga sAdhu kI ora AkRSTa karatA hai, sabhI pradakSiNA kara AzISa lete haiM, AtaMkavAda apanI tamAma burAiyoM ko samajhate hue avinazvara sukha pAne kI yAcanA karatA hai aura unake jaisI sAdhanA ko jIvana meM apanA sakane kA AzISa cAhatA hai| karuNAmaya gurudeva zAnta, sahaja citta se zramaNa sAdhanA ke gUr3ha tattvoM kA upadeza dete hai, AcaraNa, niSThA aura sahaja vizvAsa ke bala para abhISTa siddhi kA marma batalAte haiN| uparyukta kathAnaka kI kar3iyA~ Apasa meM jur3I-jur3I pratIta nahIM hotI, kArya-kAraNa sambandha bhI bahuta spaSTa nahIM hai aura kArya kI gati bhI sahaja gati se Age bar3hatI pratIta nahIM hotI / laukika kathAnakoM se yaha kathAnaka bar3A hI aTapaTA-sA lagatA hai| nAyaka-pratinAyaka athavA rasa-vimarza kI dRSTi se bhI yahA~ spaSTatA nahIM hai| prAptavya kyA hai aura phalAgama kise honA hai, yaha bhI sApha nahIM hai| vibhinna jIva apane sahaja svabhAva se viparIta AcaraNa karate se dikhAI dete haiM, aisI dazA meM prastuta kAvya kI rasAnubhUti bhI sahaja upabhogya nahIM bana paatii| parantu jaba hama isa ora dhyAna dete haiM ki daraasala laukika rasAsvAda isa kRti kA uddezya nahIM hai apitu prakRta, yathArtha aura kalyANakArI rasAsvAda para hI isakI dRSTi hai, ataeva yena-kena-prakAreNa yaha mAnava-kalyANa ke patha ko zrotA yA pAThaka ke samakSa prazasta karanA cAhatA hai to kathA kI laukika sahajatA kI ora dhyAna na jAkara rasAsvAda meM bAdhA nahIM pdd'tii| AcAryazrI kI Atmika sAdhanA ne unheM kucha pratyakSa bindu die haiN| ina pratyakSa binduoM meM ve tattva adhika prakAzita haiM jo loka-hita aura jIva-hita ke sAdhana bana sakate haiN| unhIM tattvoM ko pAThakoM ke samakSa rakhane kI yojanA banA kara ve eka sAdhAraNa-sI kathA kA sahArA bhara lete haiM jisake daurAna ve apane jaina darzana, zramaNa-sAdhanA aura apane nijI anubhavoM se prApta mantroM ko hamAre samakSa udghATita kara sakeM / ata: yahA~ mahattva isa bAta kA nahIM hai ki kauna
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________________ : mUkamATI-mImAMsA 114 :: kaha rahA hai? kisa avasara para kaha rahA hai ? kisa DhaMga se kaha rahA hai ? apitu mahattva hai ki kyA kaha rahA hai ? bs| kyoMki jo kaha rahA hai, usI ke anurUpa AcaraNa karane meM kalyANa hai, sAdhanA kI jyoti kA prakAza hai| isa prakAra yaha samUcA kAvya hI mantra kAvya hai phira bhI kucha vizeSa sthaloM kA ullekha karanA yahA~ anupayukta nahIM hogA, jaise : D O "darzana kA srota mastaka hai / ... binA adhyAtma, darzana kA darzana nahIM / ... kabhI satya - rUpa kabhI asatya - rUpa / hotA hai darzana, jabaki adhyAtma sadA satya cidrUpa hI / bhAsvata hotA hai / " (pR. 288) isa prakAra ke anekAneka sthala haiM jahA~ se hameM sAdhaka AcArya kI siddhi ke prakAza vikIrNa hote dikhAI dete haiM : O " AzAtIta vilamba ke kAraNa / anyAya nyAya - sA nahIM nyAya anyAya - sA lagatA hI hai / (pR. 272) O O 44 'AtmA ko chor3akara / saba padArthoM ko vismRta karanA sahI puruSArtha hai / " (pR. 482) " parAzraya lenA dInatA kA pratIka hai / " (pR. 459 ) "samarpaNa ke bAda samarpita kI / bar3I-bar3I parIkSAyeM hotI haiN|" (pR. 482) sAmAjika jIvana se virakta eka zramaNAcArya ke mana meM samAja kalyANa karane kI kitanI tar3apa hai aura ve apanI amRtamayI vANI se kisa sahRdayatA se hamAre samakSa use udghATita karate haiM isakA bodha 'mUkamATI' ke adhyayana se sahaja hI ho sakatA hai| AcAryazrI jI kI isa racanA kA maiM sAdara abhinandana karatA hU~ / pR. 66 idhara-kyA huA? usakI mAnasa sthiti bhI UrdhvamukhI ho AI, O
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________________ 'mUkamATI' meM AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara kA rasa viSayaka mantavya DaoN. rameza canda jaina kAvyazAstriyoM ne nava rasa kahe haiM- zRMgAra, hAsya, karuNa, raudra, vIra, bhayAnaka, bIbhatsa, adbhuta aura zAnta / sahRdayoM ko rasa kI anubhUti karAnA hI kAvya kA mukhya prayojana hai / yaha Ananda kI anubhUti sabhI rasoM meM samAna rUpa se huA karatI hai| phira bhI prabhAvI sAmagrI ke bheda se isameM citta kI cAra avasthAe~ ho jAtI haiM-vikAsa, vistAra, kSobha aura vikSepa / zRMgAra meM citta kA vikAsa hotA hai, vIra meM vistAra, bIbhatsa meM kSobha aura raudra meM vikSepa / hAsya, adbhuta, bhayAnaka aura karuNa meM bhI kramaza: vikAsa Adi cAroM huA karate haiM / zAnta rasa meM muditA, maitrI, karuNa aura upekSAye cAra citta kI avasthAe~ huA karatI haiN| AcArya vidyAsAgara ne 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM prasaMgAnukUla rasoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| vIra rasa ke viSaya meM zilpI ke vIrya se kahalAyA hai ki vIra rasa se tIra kA milanA kabhI sambhava nahIM hai aura pIra kA miTanA trikAla asambhava / Aga kA yoga pAkara zItala jala cAhe bhale hI ubalatA ho, kintu dhadhakatI agni ko bhI niyantrita kara use bujhA sakatA hai / parantu vIra rasa ke sevana se turanta mAnava khUna ubalane lagatA hai, vaha kAbU meM nahIM aataa| dUsaroM ko zAnta karanA to dUra, zAnta mAhaula bhI jvAlAmukhI ke samAna khaulane lagatA hai / isake sevana se jIvana meM uddaNDatA kA atireka udita hotA hai / para, para adhikAra calAne kI bhUkha isI kA pariNAma hai / mAna kA mUla babUla ke DhU~Tha kI bhA~ti kar3A hotA hai / mAna ko dhakkA lagate hI vIra rasa cillAtA hai / vaha ApA bhUlakara AgababUlA ho purANa-puruSoM kI paramparA ko ThukarAtA hai (pR. 131-132) / vIra rasa ke pakSa meM hAsya rasa kahatA hai ki vIra rasa kA apanA itihAsa hai / jo vIra nahIM haiM, avIra haiM, una para kyA, unakI tasvIra para bhI abIra nahIM chiTakAyA jAtA hai| yaha bAta dUsarI hai ki jAte samaya arthI para sulAkara bhale hI chiTakAyA jAtA ho / unake itihAsa para na ronA banatA hai, na ha~sanA (pR. 132-133) / hAsya rasa ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki ha~sanazIla prAya: utAvalA rahatA hai| kAryAkArya kA viveka, gambhIratA aura dhIratA usameM nahIM hotI / vaha bAlaka-sama bAvalA hotA hai / tabhI sthitaprajJa ha~sate nahIM haiM / AtmavijJa moha-mAyA ke jAla meM pha~sate nahIM haiN| kheda-bhAva ke vinAza hetu hAsya kA rAga Avazyaka bhale hI ho, kintu veda-bhAva ke vikAsa hetu hAsya kA tyAga anivArya hai, kyoMki hAsya bhI kaSAya hai (pR. 133-134) / raudra rasa ke viSaya meM AcAryazrI ne kahA hai ki rudratA vikRti hai, vikAra hai, jo samiTa-zIlA hotI hai / bhadratA prakRti kA prakAra hai / usakI amiTa lIlA hai (pR. 135) / ___ kavi ko zRMgAra nahIM rucatA / vaha kahatA hai zRMgAra ke ye aMga-aMga khaMga-utArazIla haiM / yuga chalatA jA rahA hai / (pR.145) / kavi ke isa kathana meM viyogI-kAmI kI vaha sthiti dyotita hotI hai, jaba kAmadeva kAmI ko dina-rAta jalAtA hI rahatA hai / use kapUra, hAra, kamala, candramA Adi viparIta pariNata hue dikhAI dene lagate haiN| ye vastue~ use kucha bhI sukha nahIM phuNcaatiiN| bIbhatsa rasa zRMgAra ko nakAratA hai, use cunatA nahIM hai / zRMgAra ke bahAva meM prakRti kI nAsA bahane lagatI hai| kucha gAr3hA, kucha patalA, kucha harA, pIlA mala nikalatA hai, jise dekhate hI ghRNA hotI hai (pR. 147) / karuNa rasa ko bhavabhUti ne pradhAna rasa mAnA hai / bhavabhUti ke kAruNyotpAdaka kAvya ko sunakara : "api grAvA rodityapi dalati vajrasya hRdayam |"(uttrraamcrit, 1/28)
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________________ 116 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA bhavabhUti ke anusAra karuNa rasa hI ekamAtra mukhya rasa hai / nimitta ghaTanA (vibhAva, anubhAva aura vyabhicArI bhAvoM kI vilakSaNatA se) yaha bhinna-bhinna rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai, parantu yathArthata: vaha eka hI hotA hai : "eko rasa: karuNa eva nimittabhedAd, bhinnaH pRthakpRthagivAzrayate vivartAn / AvartabudbudataraGgamayAnvikArAnambho yathA salilamevatu tatsamagram // " (uttararAmacarita, 3/47) AcArya vidyAsAgara kI dRSTi meM karuNA heya nahIM, usakI apanI upAdeyatA hai, apanI sImA bhI hai| karuNA karane vAlA ahaM kA poSaka bhale hI na bane, kintu svayaM ko guru-ziSya avazya samajhatA hai aura jisa para karuNA kI jAtI hai, vaha svayaM ko zizu-ziSya avazya samajhatA hai| donoM kA mana dravIbhUta hotA hai / ziSya zaraNa lekara to guru zaraNa dekara kucha apUrva anubhava karate haiN| para ise sahI sukha nahIM kahA jAtA hai| kintu isase duHkha miTane aura sukha ke milane kA dvAra avazya khulatA hai / karuNA karane vAlA adhogAmI to nahIM kintu adhomukhI yAnI bahirmukhI avazya hotA hai / jisa para karuNA kI jA rahI hai vaha adhomukhI to nahIM, UrdhvamukhI avazya hotA hai (pR. 154-155) / karuNA kI do dRSTiyA~ haiM- eka viSaya lolupinI aura dUsarI viSaya-lopinI, dizA-bodhinI (pR. 155) / karuNA rasa meM zAnta rasa kA antarbhAva mAnanA bar3I bhUla hai / uchalatI huI upayoga kI pariNati karuNA hai / ise nahara kI upamA dI jA sakatI hai| ujalI-sI upayoga kI pariNati zAnta rasa hai jise nadI kI upamA dI jA sakatI hai| nahara kheta meM jAkara dAha ko miTAkara sUkha jAtI hai| nadI sAgara ko jAtI hai aura rAha ko miTAkara sukha pAtI hai / karuNA tarala hai / vaha dUsare se prabhAvita hotI hai / zAnta rasa dUsare ke bahAva meM bahatA nahIM hai, jamAnA palaTane para bhI apane sthAna para jamA rahatA hai / isase yahI dyotita hotA hai ki karuNA meM vAtsalya kA mizraNa sambhava nahIM hai (pR. 155-157) / vAtsalya rasa ke AsvAdana meM halakI-sI madhuratA kSaNabhaMguratA jhalakatI hai (pR. 158-159) / . karuNA rasa jIvana kA prANa hai to vAtsalya jIvana kA trANa hai| kintu zAnta rasa jIvana kA gAna hai| yaha madhurima kSIradharmI hai / karuNA rasa pASANa ko bhI moma banA detA hai / vAtsalya jaghanatama nAdAna ko bhI soma banA detA hai| kintu, yaha laukika camatkAra kI bAta huI / zAnta rasa saMyama-rata dhImAn ko hI 'om' banA detA hai / saMkSepata: saba rasoM kA anta honA hI zAnta rasa hai (pR. 159-160) / __ isa prakAra AcArya vidyAsAgara ke mata meM karuNa rasa meM saba rasa samAte haiN| saba rasoM kI sattA kA vilIna ho jAnA zAnta-rasa hai / isa prakAra AcArya vidyAsAgara kI rasa viSayaka avadhAraNA 'rataye' nahIM vyupazAntaye' hai, jo unake santa hRdaya ko lakSita karatI hai| nimitta aura upAdAna : kevala upAdAna kAraNa hI kArya kA janaka hai, yaha mAnyatA doSapUrNa lgii| nimitta kI kRpA bhI anivArya hai / hA~ ! hA~ !! upAdAna-kAraNa hI kArya meM DhalatA hai, yaha akATya niyama hai / kintu usake Dhalane meM nimitta kA sahayoga bhI Avazyaka hai / ise yU~ kaheM to aura uttama hogA : "upAdAna kA koI yahA~ para/para-mitra hai to vaha nizcaya se nimitta hai/jo apane mitra kA/nirantara niyamita rUpa se mantavya taka sAtha detA hai|" (pR. 481) sUkti ratna : 1. zramaNa kA zRMgAra hI samatA-sAmya hai / (pR. 330)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 117 2. moha aura asAtA ke udaya meM kSudhA kI vedanA hotI hai / yaha kSudhA tRSA kA siddhAnta hai / ma isakA jJAta honA hI sAdhutA nahIM hai varan jJAna ke sAtha sAmya bhI anivArya hai / (pR. 330) 3. koSa ke zramaNa bahuta bAra mile haiN| hoza ke zramaNa virale hI hote haiM / (pR. 361 ) usa samatA se kyA prayojana jisameM itanI bhI kSamatA nahIM hai jo samaya para bhayabhIta ske| (pR. 361) 4. 5. jaba A~kheM AtI haiM to duHkha detI haiM, jaba A~kheM jAtI haiM to duHkha detI haiM aura jaba A~kheM lagatI haiM to du:kha detI haiN| A~khoM meM sukha hai kahA~ ? ye A~kheM duHkha kI khanI haiM, sukha kI hanI haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki santa saMyata-sAdhujana ina para vizvAsa nahIM rakhate aura sadA-sarvathA caraNoM ko lakhate vinIta dRSTi ho calate haiM / (pR. 359-360) 1 6. eka ke prati rAga karanA hI dUsaroM ke prati dveSa siddha karatA hai / jo rAgI bhI hai, dveSI bhI hai| vaha santa nahIM ho sktaa| (pR. 363) 7. pApa-bharI prArthanA se prabhu prasanna nahIM hote| pAvana kI vaha prasannatA pApa ke tyAga para AdhArita hai| (pR. 373) 8. 'sva' ko 'sva' ke rUpa meM evaM 'para' ko 'para' ke rUpa meM jAnanA hI sahI jJAna hai / 'sva' meM ramaNa karanA hI sahI jJAna kA phala hai / (pR. 375) 9. tana aura mana kA gulAma hI para-padArthoM kA svAmI bananA cAhatA hai| (pR. 375) 10. sUkhA pralobhana mata diyA karo, svAzrita jIvana jiyA kro| (pR. 387) 11. para ke duHkha kA sadA haraNa ho / jIvana udAratA kA udAharaNa bane / (pR. 388) [ 'anekAnta' (traimAsika) naI dillI, varSa 45, kiraNa 1, janavarI-mArca, 1992 'abhaya de pR. 8 aura yaha bhI dekha--- ... daladala meM badala jAtI hai ! D
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________________ 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya : eka vinamra pratibhAva vIrendra kumAra jaina kumAra yogI bhagavat svarUpa AcArya vidyAsAgara svAmI ne apane mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' meM mATI kI mUka vyathA Star pradAna kI hai| isa mahAkAvya meM ananta AyAmI sRSTi ke anantakAla meM vyApta aNu-paramANu ke pariNamana ke vijJAna ko bhAvAtmakatA pradAna kI gaI hai| yaha bhAvonmeSa hI darzana ko kAvya aura adhyAtma meM pariNata kara detA hai / mahAkAvya kI lAkSaNika paribhASAoM meM ulajhanA paNDitoM kA kAma hai, merA nahIM, kyoMki maiM mUlata: kavi huuN| merI akiMcana mahAkAvyAtmaka kRti 'anuttara yogI' ko bhI maiMne kisI pAribhASika, lAkSaNika vyAkhyA meM nahIM bA~dhA hai| vaha eka svata:sphUrta Ananda ke unmeSa se racI gaI kRti hai / merA yaha ahobhAgya hai ki pUjyapAda AcArya bhagavanta vidyAsAgarajI svAmI ne usa pavitra kRti ko sarAhA aura svAdhyAya kI pavitra caukI para se usakA pATha karavAyA, astu / 'mUkamATI' ananta AyAmI kRti hai| isameM gaNita zAstra, paramANu zAstra, khagola vijJAna, Ayurveda zAstra aura mantra-tantra ke bIjAkSaroM taka ko kAvya bhASA meM abhivyakti dI gaI hai / anAyAsa hI isa kRti meM zRMgArika pratIkoM kA samAveza huA hai / maiM ise darzana nahIM, AdhyAtmika unmeSa kA kAvya kahanA caahuuNgaa| mATI kI mUka vyathA ko vANI dene vAlA kavi nizcaya hI eka gaharI antazcetanika saMvedanA se anuprANita hai / isa kRti meM sRSTi ke AvirbhAva se lagAkara usakI agrima upalabdhi taka ko kAvya rUpa pradAna kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ Adhunika vijJAna ke paramANu zAstra aura khagola zAstra kA anAyAsa samAveza huA hai / yaha sAmpradAyika jainAgama taka sImita nahIM hai, yaha to eka mahAkavi ke rasAtmaka anubhava se utsphUrta maulika kAvya racanA hai / bhagavAn kundakunda deva ke kisI prAbhRta meM yaha bhAva hai ki 'svAnubhUtisaMvedaka: sa AtmA' - yaha eka atyanta maulika, mukta anubhava kI abhivyakti hai / AcArya bhagavanta ne maulika anubhUti meM se hI isa mahAkAvya kI racanA kI hai| eka sukhada Azcarya yaha bhI hai ki isa mahAkAvya ke racanAkAra ne dhana samRddhi sampanna zreSThiyoM dvArA dIna-dalitoM ke pIr3ana zoSaNa kI vyathA ko bhI vANI pradAna kI hai| yahA~ kevala Atmamukti hI nahIM hai, samAjamukti kA mantragAna bhI kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ anajAne hI samAjavAda bhI dhvanita hai / isI kAraNa AcArya bhagavanta vidyAsAgara svAmI mere lie vandanIya haiM, prAtaH smaraNIya haiM / karnATaka deza kA bAIsa varSIya kumAra vidyAdhara kaba anAyAsa vidyAsAgara ho gayA, kaba digambara ho gayA, yaha eka bahuta mahAn ghaTanA hai / AcArya bhagavanta usI karnATaka kI mATI ke beTe haiM, jahA~ kucha sadiyoM pUrva hI mUr3abidrI meM 'bharateza vaibhava' nAmaka mahAkAvya ke racayitA kAmAdhyAtmayogI zrI ratnAkara varNI kA janma huA thaa| yogIzvara ratnAkara varNI ne 'sambhoga zrRMgAra parva' taka racA hai, jo gahare meM janmajAta yogI cakravartI bharata ke dRSTipradhAna AtmalIna bhogopabhoga nirgUr3ha abhivyakti hai / / isI karnATaka meM parApUrva kAla meM naiyAyika cakravartI bhagavAn samantabhadra bhI hue| zAyada nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI bhI isI karnATaka meM hue / SaTkhaNDAgama ke racanAkAra puSpadanta bhUtabalI bhI zAyada isI karnATaka meM hue / bIca ke kAla meM luptaprAya digambara jainazramaNa paramparA meM bIsavIM zatAbdI meM prathama zramaNa mahAtapasvI AcArya zAntisAgara hue| phira AcArya misAgara aura vartamAna meM jinavANI ke pracaNDa pravaktA AcArya vidyAnanda svAmI bhI bhArata meM sarvatra vihAra kara rahe haiM / ve ratnAkara varNI kI taraha hI vizvadharma-pravartaka haiN| AcArya bhagavanta, parama bhaTTAraka, bhagavat svarUpa, mahAtapasvI AcArya vidyAsAgara bhI atithi-caryA karate hue -
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 119 bundelakhaNDa kI paNDitaratna-prasavinI dharatI para vihAra kara rahe haiN| unhoMne durddharSa tapasyA kI hai| unakA tejovalaya unakI tasvIroM meM dekhane ko milatA hai / ve pracaNDa zAstrajJAnI haiM, mahAtapasvI bhI haiM aura sAtha hI haiM mahAkavi bhii| yaha mahAkAvya dharatI ke dhruvAkarSaNa se Upara uThane kI AhatI sAdhanA karane vAle bhagavat svarUpa AcArya bhagavanta zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI racanA hai| nizcaya hI AgAmI bhava meM dharatI ke dhuvAkarSaNa se Upara uThakara ve antarikSacArI arhat hoNge| sunatA hU~ AcArya bhagavanta mujha akiMcana ko smaraNa karate rahate haiN| para apane dIrghakAla-vyApI anArogya aura dAruNya jIvana saMgharSa ke calate maiM unake caraNoM taka na pahu~ca sakA / yaha merA carama durbhAgya hai| ___ AzA karatA hU~ ki AcArya bhagavanta vidyAsAgara svAmI mere ina zabdoM ke pAdArghya ko svIkAra kara mujhe dhanyatA pradAna kareMge / atha iti shubhm| 'mUkamATI' : terA abhinandana kavirAja vidyA nArAyaNa zAstrI aho ! dhanya tuma jagatI tala meM, 'mUkamATI' terA abhinandana / sAdhanAzIla kI pratimA tuma, AcAra kareM terA vandana // 1 // racanA mukta chanda zailI meM, adhyAtmasAramaya tava cintana / bhASA sarasa, upamA manorama, kAvya kalA se dharatI nandana // 2 // madhura sahajatA bodhaka sundara, detA vicAra sAgara manthana / ghora upekSita jar3a jIvana kA, kaisA sukhada mRdula mana bhAvana // 3 / / rasa dhvani alaMkArasAra yahA~, kalpanA bhAvanA kA gumphana / nirantara chanda pravAha avicala, jar3atA sajIvatA kA bodhana // 4 // zrI vidyAsAgara kI racanA, dhanya kAvya ke pAThaka sajjana / navala mUlya sthApita ghaTa-ghaTa meM, cAha rahI mama unmAdita mana // 5 / /
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________________ saMvedanAoM kA mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. sudarzana majIThiyA AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara kRta 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya apane zilpa, bhAva aura bhASA ke kAraNa sahasA dhyAna AkRSTa karatA hai / samasta mahAkAvya kA AdhAra mATI hai, jise Aja taka mUka samajhA jAtA rahA hai| para yaha mATI to zAzvata hai, jo apane putroM se nirantara saMvAdarata hai / parantu eka usake putra haiM jo pada tathA artha kI prApti meM lipta, padArthavAcI bana apane tathA apane parivAra kI samasyAoM ke daladala meM AkaNTha DUbe rahate haiM / isa mUkamATI ke putra vidyAsAgarajI ne mATI kI bhASA ko sunA aura gunA / phira apanI pratikriyA kI kriyAtmaka abhivyakti ke mAdhyama se use sAkAra kiyaa| AcArya ke santa meM unakA kavi nirantara mukharita hotA rahA hai, jisane mATI kI carama bhavyatA ko saMkSipta kintu dhAradAra vANI dvArA hamAre samakSa prastuta kiyaa| isa mATI ke ve svayaM anyatama sarjana haiN| apane ko adhyAtma taka sImita na rakha unhoMne kAvya va adhyAtma ke sAmaMjasya ke bheda ko miTA kara usakI ekatA ko sthApita kiyA hai / 'mUkamATI' kA kavi eka santa hai, jo saMsAra kI nazvaratA tathA bhautikatA se kahIM Upara uTha cukA hai| usane Upara uTha kara isa mATI kI bhASA ko sunA, usake saMvAda ko samajhA aura gadgada hokara 'mUkamATI' kA sRjana kiyaa| cAra khaNDoM kI yaha kRti lagabhaga 500 pRSThoM meM samAhita hokara mATI kI laya ko, usakI vANI ko sAkAratA pradAna karatI hai| ajJAnatAvaza hama zabdoM kI bhASA ke atirikta koI bhASA jAnate hI nahIM, isalie eka sImA ke pazcAt hamArA jJAna hI ajJAna bana jAtA hai / vidyAsAgara ne isa mATI kI bhASA ko samajhA / isa mATI ko kisI vizeSaNa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| vaha svayaM meM hI eka prakhara saMjJA hai / vibhora ho kavi kahatA hai : "...saMkoca-zIlA/lAjavatI lAvaNyavatI-/saritA-taTa kI mATI apanA hRdaya kholatI hai/mA~ dharatI ke sammukha !" (pR. 4) mATI to mATI hI hai / isalie to kavi kahatA hai : "isakI pIr3A avyaktA hai/vyakta kisake sammukha karU~ ?" (pR. 4) kavi ne isa mATI ko apanI kalpanA, anubhUti tathA cintana se pUrI taraha se samajhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / yahI prayAsa 'mUkamATI' ke rUpa meM hamAre sAmane atyanta sajIva ho uThA hai| isI mATI ko prANavattA pradAna karate haiM - cA~da, tAre, kumudinI, kamalinI, sugandhita pavana tathA saritA taTa Adi / yahI mATI apanI zUnyAvasthA meM kucha nahIM hokara bhI saba kucha hai / saMsAra meM jo bhI hai, jaisA bhI hai, use mATI ne hI AdhAra pradAna kiyA hai| hara kRti kA mUlAdhAra manuSya hotA hai / mAnavetara prakRti ko nAyikA mAnakara mATI ke aneka raMgoM ko apanI ojamayI vANI dvArA kavi ne prastuta kiyA hai| "zilpI ke zilpaka-sA~ce meM/sAhitya zabda DhalatA-sA ! 'hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai/aura sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai/artha yaha huA ki/jisake avalokana se sukha kA samudbhava-sampAdana ho/sahI sAhitya vahI hai'|" (pR. 110-111)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 121 prathama khaNDa meM kavi ne mATI kI prAthamika dazA ke parizodhana kI prakriyA ko vyakta kiyA hai / dUsare khaNDa meM kavi ne sAhitya-bodha ko aMkita kara nava rasoM ko paribhASita kiyA hai / yahA~ usane saMgIta kI Antarika prakRti kA pratipAdana bhI kiyA hai| tIsare khaNDa meM kavi ne loka-kalyANa kI kAmanA se puNya kA upArjana kiyA hai| caturtha khaNDa meM agni-parIkSA hai / bAra-bAra kavi ne kumbhakAra va mATI ke saMvAda ko vyakta kiyA hai| __ mATI hai, isalie usake abhAva kA to prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| mATI ke astitva ko kitane hI AyAmoM para kavi ne prastuta kiyA hai / isa kAvya kI vaicArika pRSThabhUmi adhyAtma kI hai aura isakA zilpa pUrNarUpeNa uttama kAvya kA hai| yaha mahAkAvya adhyAtma va kAvya kA adbhuta santulana hai / mATI ko apanI mAtA mAna kavi ne apane prema ko bar3e hI prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se vyakta kiyA hai. yatha "bAharI dRSTi se/aura/bAharI sRSTi se/achUtA-sA kucha bhItarI jagat ko/chUtA-sA lagA/apUrva azrutapUrva yaha mArmika kathana hai, mA~ !" (pR. 15) mATI kA guNa hai dhAraNa karanA va sahana karanA / kavi ne mATI kI vyathA kI mArmikatA ko bar3e hI sahaja DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai / kavitA kI atyanta sahaja paMktiyoM meM AcAryazrI kA cintana bAra-bAra mukharita huA hai| isalie yaha kahanA kaThina ho jAtA hai ki unake kavitva meM AcAryatva adhika hai yA AcAryatva meM kavitva ? yaha vaha mATI hai jise gor3A jA sakatA hai, kucalA jA sakatA hai| pAnI ke girate hI yaha narama par3a jAtI hai para isakI zAzvata zakti ke samakSa na to ise rauMdanevAle hI Tika sake haiM aura na hI kucalanevAle / mATI to svayaM eka zAzvata satya hai / usakA kaba nirmANa huA ? kaise nirmANa huA ? ina praznoM kA koI uttara nahIM de sakatA / ina santa kavi ne usa mATI kI bhASA ko sunA apane AdhyAtmika kAnoM se / kavi anubhUti ko usake zabdoM ke mAdhyama se mAtra hama jAna sakate haiM parantu usakI anubhUti se sAmaMjasya kara kavi ke usa bhAva dharAtala para to koI nahIM pahuMca sakatA hai| mATI ke prati apane romAMsa ko kavi ne bar3I hI sArthaka tathA ojasvI vANI meM abhivyakta kiyA hai| 'mUka' vizeSaNa hI svayaM dhvanyAtmaka hai / mUka lagane kI kriyA ke pIche kitane prakAra ke svara haiM jo isa mATI ke astitva ko nirantara sArthakatA pradAna kara rahe haiN| yaha mATI to anantaguNa dhAriNI hai| isa mATI ke mAdhyama se yaha santa kavi svayaM sAhitya kI paribhASA prastuta karatA hai| - isa mahAkAvya ko maiM hindI kAvya-sAhitya kA advitIya mahAkAvya kahU~gA, kyoMki isameM na to adhika mAnava pAtra haiM aura na unake jIvana kI kathA yA ghaTanA / yadi mahAkAvya ke zAstrIya tattvoM kI ora se dekhA jAya to isameM mahAkAvya ke ve lakSaNa nahIM prApta hoMge jo rAmAyaNa va mahAbhArata ko eka uttama mahAkAvya banAte haiM / mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM meM isa mahAkAvya ne saiddhAntika dRSTi se eka nae adhyAya ko jor3A hai / mATI ko tathA samasta mAnavetara prakRti ko apane kAvya kA mUlAdhAra banAkara lekhaka ne mahAkAvya kI paramparA meM eka nae siddhAnta kI sthApanA kI hai| pravAhI bhASA meM likhA gayA vaha mahAkAvya kahIM bhI TIDiyasa yA nIrasa nahIM hai / sAmAnyata: manuSya apane sAhitya meM Aja taka apanI hI kahAnI gar3hatA AyA hai| isa mahAkAvya ke mAdhyama se AcAryajI ne eka naI z2amIna tor3a kara, nae-nae AyAma prastuta kie haiN| isa mahAkAvya meM yadi eka ora uttama zabdAlaMkAra haiM to dUsarI ora arthAlaMkAra kI anokhI chaTA hai| isameM aise bhI prasaMga haiM jahA~ uttamottama sUktiyoM ke mAdhyama se kavi ne AdhyAtmikatA ke nae-nae sopAna taya kie haiN| kavi yahI pratipAdita karatA hai ki Izvara kA astitva to hai para vaha dharatI yA sRSTi kA kartA nahIM hai|
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________________ 122 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ___ kaI sthaloM para sAmAjika dAyitvabodha ke bhI kavi ne darzana karAe haiN| kavi ne upAdAna kI hI nahIM balki nimitta kI bhI mahattA isa mahAkAvya meM prastuta kI hai / isa kRti meM nimitta kAraNa ke rUpa meM kumbhakAra kAryarata hai| parantu usake sivA bhI anya nimitta haiM, yathA-Aloka, cakra, cakra-bhramaNa hetu samucita daNDa, dharatI meM gar3I niSkampa kIla tathA ddor| mATI ke isa mauna vrata meM kitanI hI naI-purAnI bhASAe~ chipI haiN| una sabhI bhASAoM ko vibhinna bimboM ke dvArA kavi ne vibhinna AyAmoM ke mAdhyama se prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se vyakta kiyA hai / mATI eka bandhana meM Abaddha ho cukI hai / usI bandhana ke vibhinna bhAvoM ko kavi ne ati prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se vyakta kiyA hai / usake vicAroM ne na to kAvyazilpa ko hI dabAyA hai aura na hI isa kAvya ke zilpa ne kavi ke vicAroM ko / sRSTi sarjana Izvara nahIM krtaa| sarjana kA kArya to svayaM bhU hai| prakRti svayaM hI apane saMkalpa se apanA sarjana karatI calatI hai| mATI kA laghutama rUpa hI usakA mahAnatama rUpa hai| santa ne apane AdhyAtmika vicAroM ko atyanta saphala rUpa se isa kAvya ke mAdhyama se hamAre samakSa prastuta kiyA hai / mATI ke isa mauna vrata meM cirantana sRSTi kA rahasya chipA huA hai / kAvya ke anta meM to svayaM AtaMkavAda parAjita hokara kahatA hai : / "he svAmin !/samagra saMsAra hI/duHkha se bharapUra hai, yahA~ sukha hai, para vaiSayika aura vaha bhI kSaNika ! yaha toanubhUta huA hameM/parantu/akSaya sukha para vizvAsa ho nahIM rahA hai/hA~ ! hA~ !! yadi/avinazvara sukha pAne ke bAda Apa svayaM/usa sukha ko hameM dikhA sako yA/usa viSaya meM apanA anubhava batA sako/"to/sambhava hai hama bhI Azvasta ho Apa jaisI sAdhanA ko/jIvana meM apanA skeN|" (pR. 484-485) 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya usa mATI kI gauravagAthA hai jisake rUpa aneka tathA asIma haiM / yaha mATI hama sabakI mA~ hai| isa mA~ se hamAre jaise na jAne kitane kaNa samaya-samaya para utpanna hokara isI mATI meM samAte rahe haiN| isIlie kavi kahatA hai : aura suno,/vilamba mata karo/pada do,patha do/pAtheya bhI do mA~ !" (pR.5) - isa mahAkAvya kI eka aura vilakSaNatA hai, aura vaha hai isake saMvAda / ina saMvAdoM se mahAkAvya meM nATakIyatA kI chaTA A gaI hai| dharA aura mATI kA saMvAda lagAtAra calatA hai / dharA kahatI hai : "sattA zAzvata hotI hai, beTA !/prati sattA meM hotI haiM anagina sambhAvanAyeM/utthAna-patana kI,/khasakhasa ke dAne-sA bahuta choTA hotA hai/bar3a kA bIja vaha !" (pR. 7) Age vaha kahatI hai : "...jIvana kA/AsthA se vAstA hone para/rAstA svayaM zAstA hokara sambodhita karatA sAdhaka ko/sAthI bana sAtha detA hai AsthA ke tAroM para hI/sAdhanA AsthA kI aMguliyA~ haiM/calatI sAdhaka kI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 123 sArthaka jIvana meM taba/svarAtIta saragama jharatI hai !/samajhI bAta, beTA ?" (pR. 9) isI mATI ne apane ko patita mAna, laghutama mAnA hai, isIlie vaha prabhu ke mahattva ko pahacAna pAI hai / asatya kI usane sahI pahacAna kara vAstavikatA ko jAnA aura mahAnatA kI U~cAiyoM ko apane Apa meM sameTe bAhara se sAmAnya rUpa hI dhAraNa kie rhii| ___ kavi ne mATI kA kaI jagaha mAnavIkaraNa bhI kiyA hai / dharA aura mATI kA mAnavIkaraNa hI unheM mAnavI saMvAdoM ke lie prerita karatA hai / mATI vAstavikatA ke pratIka rUpa meM citrita kI gaI hai / mATI kisI para AcchAdita nahIM hotI phira bhI usakA AbhAra hama saba svIkAra karate haiM / yaha mATI svAbhAvika rUpa se dharA ke aMka meM sotI hai| isa nAyikA mATI ke lie to hara Rtu hI basanta hai| isa mahAkAvya meM aise bhI sthala haiM jahA~ lekhaka jitanA santa hai utanA hI kavi hai / aise sthaloM para yaha kahanA kaThina ho jAtA hai ki yahA~ kAvya kI chaTA adhika hai yA adhyAtma kI, yathA : "karmoM kA saMzleSaNa honA,/AtmA se phira unakA/sva-para kAraNavaza vizleSaNa honA/ye donoM kArya/AtmA kI hI/mamatA-samatA-pariNati para AdhArita haiN|" (pR. 15-16) dharatI ko bhale hI nidrA ghera le, para mATI ko nidrA chUtI taka nhiiN| isakA nAyaka kumbhakAra hai, jo eka kuzala zilpI hai| usakA zilpa bikharI mATI ko anekAneka rUpa pradAna karatA hai| isI mATI kI mRdutA meM usakI kudAlI bhI kho jAtI hai, yathA : "mATI kI mRdutA meM/khoI jA rahI hai kudAlI! kyA mATI kI dayA ne/kudAlI kI adayA bulAI hai ?" (pR. 29) prakRti ke vibhinna bimboM ke mAdhyama se, tAttvika rUpa se isa mahAkAvya kI kathA kA tAnA-bAnA bunA gayA hai| isakI bhAvAtmaka kathAvastu ne isa kAvya ko anyatama garimA pradAna kI hai| darzana va cintana ke preraNAdAyI prasaMga tathA sUktiyA~ isameM kaI sthaloM para haiN| mATI kI vibhinna avasthAoM kA kavi citraNa karatA calA jAtA hai| prathama khaNDa meM usane parizodhana kI kriyA ko abhivyakti pradAna kI hai| mATI milI-julI avasthA meM hai| kumbhakAra maMgala ghaTa ko sArthaka rUpa pradAna karane ke lie mATI se kaMkaroM ko haTA detA hai / vaha varNasaMkara se mRdu mATI ke rUpa meM apanI zuddha dazA prApta karatI hai| mATI kahatI hai : "sallekhanA, yAnI/kAya aura kaSAya ko/kRza karanA hotA hai, beTA ! kAyA ko kRza karane se/kaSAya kA dama ghuTatA hai/ "ghuTanA hI cAhie aura/kAyA ko miTAnA nahIM/miTatI-kAyA meM/milatI-mAyA meM mlAna-mukhI aura mudita-mukhI/nahIM honA hI/sahI sallekhanA hai, anyathA Atama kA dhana luTatA hai, beTA!" (pR.87) prathama khaNDa ke paricaya ke pazcAt dvitIya khaNDa se kavi kI pakar3a maz2abUta hotI jAtI hai / nava rasa yahA~ paribhASita hue haiN| saMgIta kI prakRti kA pratipAdana bhI huA hai / RtuoM kI abhivyakti meM kavi ne camatkArapUrNa mohaka
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________________ 124 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA tathA maulika bimba prastuta kie haiN| kavi kahatA hai ki mAtra uccAraNa hI 'zabda' hai, zabda kA sampUrNa artha samajhanA 'bodha' hai aura isI bodha ko AcaraNa meM utAranA 'zodha' hai| kavi kahatA hai : "AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai/AnA yAnI janana-utpAda hai jAnA yAnI maraNa-vyaya hai/lagA huA yAnI sthira-ghauvya hai aura/hai yAnI cira-sat/yahI satya hai, yahI tathya'""!" (pR. 185) tIsare khaNDa meM mATI kI vikAsa-kathA hai / mATI ke sAdhAraNa se dikhanevAle asAdhAraNa rUpa ko kavi ne citrita kiyA hai| kavi kA eka atyanta AzAvAdI svara yahA~ vyakta huA hai : "nayA maMgala to nayA sUraja/nayA jaMgala to nayI bhU-raja nayI miti to nayI mati/nayI citi to nayI yati nayI dazA to nayI dizA/nahIM mRSA to nayI yazA nayI kSudhA to nayI tRSA/nayI sudhA to niraamissaa|" (pR. 263) kumbha kahatA hai : "jala aura jvalanazIla anala meM/antara zeSa rahatA hI nahIM sAdhaka kI antara-dRSTi meM/nirantara sAdhanA kI yAtrA/bheda se abheda kI ora veda se aveda kI ora/bar3hatI hai,bar3hanI hI caahie|" (pR. 267) caturtha khaNDa ke vistRta phalaka para kaI kathAprasaMgoM ke mAdhyama se kavi ne apanI bAta kahI hai| kumbha kaI dina taka tapatA hai / kumbhakAra ave ke pAsa AtA hai aura pake kumbha ko bAhara nikAlatA hai / isameM sAmAjika dAyitvabodha bhI hai| kavi kahatA hai: "bandhana rUpa tana/mana aura vacana kA/AmUla miTa jAnA hI/mokSa hai| isI kI zuddha-dazA meM/avinazvara sukha hotA hai/jise/prApta hone ke bAda, yahA~/saMsAra meM AnA kaise sambhava hai/tuma hI batAo !" (pR. 486-487) yaha kRti hindI sAhitya ke lie eka maulika dena hai / loka-jIvana ko prerita karane ke lie isameM aisA jIvana darzana hai ki jo atyAdhunika jIvana ke lie bhI prAsaMgika kahA jA sakatA hai / yaha Adhunika jIvana kA eka amara kAvya hai| isameM AdhyAtmika cintana sundara kAvya zilpa ke mAdhyama se vyakta huA hai| niraMtara prayAsa - - sthAnamanaTa
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : eka zAzvata kAvya pro. (DaoN.) vRSabha prasAda jaina isa Alekha ke prArambha meM hI maiM kucha bAteM sAfa karanA cAhatA huuN| jaise maiM koI samIkSaka nahIM hU~ aura na samIkSaka hone kI hAmI bharatA hU~, na maiM sAhitya ke sambandha meM bAta karane vAlA koI bahuta bar3A adhikArI hU~ aura na apane ko adhikArI mAnatA hI hU~, para eka bAta z2arUra hai ki maiM sAhityika kRtiyoM ko par3hatA z2arUra hU~, sAhitya kA adhyetA z2arUra hU~, racanAoM ko par3hane kI Adata mujhameM z2arUra hai / isI racanAoM ko par3hane kI Adata ke tahata sAhitya ko samajhane kI koziza bhI nirantara karatA rahatA hU~ / isI prakAra kI eka koziza 'mUkamATI' ko samajhane kI bhI maiMne kI hai| 'mUkamATI' ko jahA~ taka maiM abhI samajha pAyA hU~, usako rakhane kI koziza maiM apane isa Alekha meM kruuNgaa| para abhI isake bahuta sAre bhAga ko maiM gatikrama meM baiThA nahIM pAyA hU~, isalie isako samajhane kI guMjAiza abhI aura zeSa hai| dUsarI sabase z2arUrI bAta hai ki maiM AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI bAta nahIM karanA cAhatA, kyoMki unakI samIkSA karanA mere vaza kI bAta nahIM, mere adhikAra kI bAta bhI nhiiN| maiM bAta karanA cAhatA hU~ 'mUkamATI' ke racanAkAra kI, 'mUkamATI' kI racanA-prakriyA kI, 'mUkamATI' racanA kii| isalie eka bAta bahuta sAfa hai ki AcArya vidyAsAgara meM yadyapi ananta rUpa haiM, para do rUpa pramukha rUpa se dikha rahe haiM-eka hai unakA AcAryatva rUpa aura dUsarA 'mUkamATI' kRti ke kRtikAra kA / prastuta samIkSA meM lakSya hai kRti, kRtikAra, kRti kI prkriyaa| kucha logoM ko yadi samIkSA ke nAma para kRti bheja dI jAe to ve loga apane ko samIkSaka mAna baiThate haiM aura samajhate haiM ki samIkSA ke bahAne unheM kucha bhI khIMcAtAnI karane kA adhikAra mila gayA hai aura isI samIkSA ke bahAne ve kRti meM doSa dekhane laga jAte haiN| logoM ne samIkSA ke nAma para aisA karane kI koziza yadi kI hai to Apa samajha lIjie ki vaha samIkSA nahIM hai / aura samIkSA doSAnveSaNa nahIM hai, chidrAnveSaNa nahIM hai| samIkSA hotI hai kRti ke chipe hue arthoM ke udghATana ke lie, samIkSA hotI hai kRtikAra kI kRti nirmANa-prakriyA ko aura sajaga banAne ke lie / maiM ina donoM bAtoM kA pUrI taraha dhyAna rakhane kI koziza karU~gA apane isa Alekha meM / ___ eka TippaNI ke sAtha maiM apanI bAta prArambha kara rahA hU~ ki kaI jagaha lagatA hai ki 'mUkamATI' kA racanAkAra AcArya vidyAsAgara se alaga nahIM ho pAyA hai, kyoMki vaha apanI racanA meM aneka jagaha sIdhA upadezaka dikhatA hai, use alaga honA cAhie thaa| sAhitya sIdhe-sIdhe kathya ko nahIM kahatA jabaki upadezaka kahatA hai, sAhitya apane sAdhanoM mAdhyamoM ke mAdhyama se kathya kI ora saMketa bhara karA detA hai, jisase kathya apane Apa sAmane A jAtA hai pAThaka ke / jo racanAkAra apane isa kathya kI ora saMketana karAne meM jitanA kuzala hotA hai vaha racanAkAra utanA bar3A hotA hai| para isa TippaNI kA matalaba yaha bhI nahIM lenA cAhie ki 'mUkamATI'kAra ne kahIM bhI kathya kI ora saMketana nahIM karAyA hai, anekatra vaha bar3e-bar3e siddhahasta racanAkAroM ke dvArA karAe jAne vAle saMketana se bhI gaharA saMketana karAtA hai / nimna sandarbha ko hI leM: "amIroM kI nahIM/garIboM kI bAta hai;/koThI kI nahIM/kuTiyA kI bAta hai jo varSA-kAla meM/thor3I-sI varSA meM/Tapa-Tapa karatI hai aura usa TapakAva se/dharatI meM cheda par3ate haiM,/phira "to""/isa jIvana-bhara ronA hI ronA huA hai/dIna-hIna ina A~khoM se/dhArApravAha azru-dhArA baha /ina gAloM para par3I hai/aisI dazA meM/gAloM kA sachidra honA
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________________ 126 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA svAbhAvika hI hai/aura/pyAra aura pIr3A ke ghAvoM meM/antara bhI to hotA hai, rati aura virati ke bhAva/eka se hote haiM kyA ?" (pR. 32-33) 'mUkamATI'kAra aparibhASitoM ko paribhASita karane meM kisI bhI bar3e paribhASAkAra se adhika siddha hai| udAharaNa ke lie lekhana karma ke prasaMga meM usake nimna uddharaNa ko lIjie : "kuzala lekhaka ko bhI,/jo naI nibavAlI/lekhanI le likhatA hai lekhana ke Adi meM khuradarApana hI/anubhUta hotA hai/parantu,/likhate-likhate niba kI ghisAI hotI jAtI/lekhana meM pUrva kI apekSA/saphAI AtI jAtI phira to "lekhanI/vicAroM kI anucarA hotI""/"hotI vicAroM kI sahacarI hotI hai;/anta-anta meM "to/jala meM tairatI-sI saMvedana karatI hai lekhnii|" (pR. 24) racanA meM dhruva satyoM kI chaTA dekhane ko milatI hai| kabhI ye dhruva satya jIvana ko paribhASita karate haiM to kabhI satya ko hI, kabhI rAste ke svarUpa ko rakhate haiM to kabhI svayaM kI sattA ko / racanAkAra ina dhuva satyoM ko vyakta karane meM itanA siddha hai ki jaba vaha unheM chanda meM vyakta karanA cAhatA hai to chanda meM vyakta karatA hai, jaba sUkta kathanoM ke mAdhyama se rakhanA cAhatA hai to sUkta kathanoM kA sRjana karatA hai| sUkta kathana : 0 "bahanA hI jIvana hai|" (pR. 2) "asatya kI sahI pahacAna hI/satya kA avadhAna hai, beTA!" (pR. 9) chAndika saMracanA meM : 0 "sattA zAzvata hotI hai, beTA !/prati-sattA meM hotI haiM anagina sambhAvanAyeM/utthAna-patana ko,/khasakhasa ke dAne-sA bahuta choTA hotA hai/bar3a kA bIja vaha !" (pR. 7) 0 "...jIvana kA/AsthA se vAstA hone para/rAstA svayaM zAstA hokara sambodhita karatA sAdhaka ko/sAthI bana sAtha detA hai|" (pR. 9) pUrI kI pUrI 'mUkamATI' racanA pratIkAtmaka hai| bhAratIya kAvyazAstriyoM, cAhe dhvanivAdI AcArya Anandavardhana rahe hoM yA mammaTa, ne vyaMjanA pradhAna kAvya ko uttama kAvya mAnA hai / pratIka meM bhI sIdhe artha sAmane nahIM AtA, artha vyaMjita hotA hai mAdhyama ke dvArA bar3e spaSTa rUpa meM / racanA meM pratIkAtmakatA meM mAdhyamoM kI kinhIM aMzoM meM vyAkhyA kI jA sakatI hai arthAt mAdhyama vyAkhyeya hote haiM / aisI pratIkAtmakatA pratIkasthoM kI pratIkAtmakatA kahalAtI hai| 'mUkamATI' meM isa prakAra kI pratIkAtmakatA kI adhikatA hai| dUsarI pratIkAtmakatA vahA~ hotI hai jisameM mAdhyamoM kI vyAkhyA nahIM kI jA pAtI, mAdhyama vyAkhyeya nahIM hone para ve racanAkAra aura pAThaka donoM ke mastiSka meM bar3e sAfa dikhate haiM, jhalakate haiM / isa prakAra ke mAdhyama pratIka mAne jAte haiN| kucha loga kahate haiM ki 'mUkamATI'racanA sAyAsa aura jaTila hai, sarala nahIM, para saca pUchie to yaha doSa kisI bhI racanA para lagAyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki koI bhI racanA AdyopAnta
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________________ :: 127 mUkamATI-mImAMsA eka jaisI nahIM hotI, kahIM vaha bahuta sarala aura sahaja ho jAtI hai to kahIM kama / isIlie use par3hane kI nirantara z2arUrata banI rahatI hai| racanA kI sArthakatA bhI isI meM hai ki vaha jitanI bAra par3hI jAya, utanI bAra eka aura artha de, eka nayA artha de, usakI yaha artha-udghATana kI zakti usameM nirantara banI rhe| maiM samajhatA hU~ yaha 'mUkamATI' meM hai / ise sAyAsa aura jaTila na mAnane kA eka kAraNa mujhe aura samajha meM AtA hai, vaha hai isameM pratIkasthoM ke prayoga kI adhikatA / pratIkastha vyAkhyeya hote haiM, sahaja hote haiM / udAharaNa ke lie 'mUkamATI' ke eka prayoga ko lIjie : " kama balavAle hI / kambalavAle hote haiM / " (pR. 92 ) isa prakAra isa prayoga meM racanAkAra ne kambala pratIkastha kA prayoga kiyA hai| kambala se abhiprAya sirpha kambala se nahIM hai, kambala se abhiprAya hai vastra mAtra se / mAna lIjie ki zIta hai aura zIta ko bacAne ke lie jina logoM ko sAdhana kI z2arUrata par3atI hai, svayaM ve zIta se lar3ane meM samartha nahIM hote, ve loga kamaz2ora hote haiM apekSAkRta una logoM ke jinheM kaTakaTAtI zIta se apane ko bacAne ke lie eka tinake kI bhI z2arUrata nahIM hotii| unakI icchA-zakti itanI zaktivatI hotI hai ki zIta svayaM unake sAmane Akara ghuTane Teka detI hai / 'mUkamATI' nAma svayaM meM pratIkAtmaka hai| 'mUkamATI' kI pratIkAtmakatA adhikAMzata: sAmAjika yathArtha aura dhruva satyoM ko sAmane rakhatI hai| isalie racanAkAra ne khaNDoM ke nAma bhI 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha, 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM, 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana, 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' pratIka rUpa hI diyA hai| udAharaNa ke lie dUsare khaNDa ke nAma ko lIjie- 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' - isa nAmakaraNa ke mAdhyama se bhI racanAkAra ne vAstavika jAgatikatA rUpa pratIkArtha ko sAmane rakhA hai / Aja loga zabda ke / vastu ke vAstavika artha ko nahIM samajhate- nahIM lete| isalie ve vastu ke vAstavika artha se vimukha haiM / aura pahale to zodha hI nahIM ho rahe tathA jo ho bhI rahe haiM, ve vAstavika artha se kahIM dUra haiN| jabaki zodha kA prayojana isI vAstavika artha ke udghATana ke lie honA cAhie, vaha bhI Aja nahIM ho rahA hai- yaha paristhiti racanAkAra ko akulAhaTa de rahI hai / Aja kA AdamI bhI vastu se bhinna jJAna ko samyak jJAna mAna rahA hai aura samyagjJAna jo hai, vaha tadrUpa AcaraNa nahIM kara rahA hai aura cAhanA kara rahA hai mukti kI / kaisI viDambanA hai isa saMsArI jIvana kI ! racanA mAnavIya jIvana se jur3e tamAma sAre sAMsArika praznoM ke dArzanika samAdhAnoM ko prastuta karatI hai| nimna paMktiyoM meM racanAkAra saMsAra ke pariNamanazIla svabhAva ko jala kI dhArA ke mAdhyama se rakhatA hai / jala kI dhArA kA dhUla meM jA daladala rUpa meM, nIma kI jar3a meM kaTutA rUpa meM, sAgara meM lavaNAkAra rUpa meM, viSadhara mukha meM viSa / hAlA rUpa meM aura svAti nakSatra meM zuktikA meM jA muktikA ke rUpa meM vibhinnAkAra honA, isa jIva ke paryAyoM ke pariNamana ko sIdhe-sIdhe rekhAMkita karatA hai / sahaja pratIka vyavasthA kI yaha zrRMkhalA nizcaya hI anirvacanIya ho jAtI hai : - "ujalI - ujalI jala kI dhArA / bAdaloM se jharatI hai dharA-dhUla A dhUmila ho / dala-dala meM badala jAtI hai / vahI dhArA yadi / nIma kI jar3oM meM jA milatI / kaTutA meM DhalatI hai; sAgara meM jA giratI / lavaNAkara kahalAtI hai / vahI dhArA, beTA ! viSadhara mukha meM jA / viSa-hAlA meM DhalatI hai; sAgarIya zuktikA meM giratI, / yadi svAti kA kAla ho, muktikA bana kara / jhilamilAtI beTA, / vahI jalIya sattA !
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________________ 128 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA jaisI saMgati milatI hai/vaisI mati hotI hai/mati jaisI, agrima gati milatI jAtI "milatI jAtI "/aura yahI huA hai yugoM-yugoM se/bhavoM-bhavoM se !" (pR. 8) racanA ko dhyAna se par3hane para nirantara yaha pratIti hotI rahatI hai ki racanAkAra bahuta hI dRr3ha saMkalpI hai / vaha jhukatA nahIM kisI bhI jhukAva ke sAmane, aura nahIM jItA hai anizcaya ke antardvandva ko, kyoMki usakI dRSTi bahuta sAfa va spaSTa hai: "niyama-saMyama ke sammukha/asaMyama hI nahIM, yama bhI/apane ghuTane Teka detA hai, hAra svIkAranA hotI hai/nabhazcaroM surAsuroM ko !" (pR. 269) Aja gaNatantra kI jo dhajjiyA~ ur3a rahIM haiM ve 'mUkamATI'kAra ko bhI becaina kie binA nahIM rahatIM / samAja meM vyApta burAiyoM, kurItiyoM, viSamatAoM ko vaha kevala taTastha hokara dekhatA bhara nahIM rahatA, apitu nirdvandva hokara una para TippaNI bhI karatA hai : "prAya: aparAdhI-jana baca jAte/niraparAdha hI piTa jAte, aura unheM/pITate-pITate TUTatI hama |/ise hama gaNatantra kaise kaheM ? yaha to zuddha 'dhanatantra' hai/yA/manamAnA 'tantra' hai !" (pR. 271) yadyapi racanAkAra samAja meM vyApta uddaNDatA kI zuddhi ke lie daNDa vidhAna ko zreyaskara mAnatA hai para vaha kisI bhI aparAdha ke lie mRtyudaNDa ko samucita nahIM mAnatA / vaha mAnatA hai ki mRtyudaNDa ke bAda vyakti ke sudhAra ke avasara hI samApta ho jAte haiM aura daNDa kA mUla prayojana vyakti ke AcaraNa meM jo khAmiyA~ A gaI haiM, unheM nikAlanA hai, vyakti kI samApti nahIM : "kisI ko kATanA nahIM,/kisI kA prANAnta nahIM karanA mAtra zatru ko zaha denA hai |/uddnnddtaa dUra karane hetu daNDa-saMhitA hotI hai/mAnA,/daNDoM meM antima daNDa prANadaNDa hotA hai |/praanndnndd se/auroM ko to zikSA milatI hai, parantu/jise daNDa diyA jA rahA hai/usakI unnati kA avasara hI samApta / daNDa saMhitA isako mAne yA na mAne,/krUra aparAdhI ko krUratA se daNDita karanA bhI/eka aparAdha hai, nyAya-mArga se skhalita honA hai|" (pR. 430-431) Aja ke samAja meM jitane bhI loga bar3e-bar3e padoM para ArUr3ha haiM, ve bAhara se kucha aura haiM tathA andara se kucha aura; bAhara se ve bar3e dikhate haiM para bhItara se ve ghRNita se ghRNita kAma karane se bhI ukatAte nhiiN| isIlie racanAkAra cAhatA hai ki vaha bhI aisI zrI (dhana) se dUra rahe, kyoMki yadi vaha aisI zrI se dUra rahegA to kama se kama use pApa kA pAkhaNDa to nahIM karanA hogA : "padavAle hI padopalabdhi hetu/para ko pada-dalita karate haiM,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 129 pApa-pAkhaNDa karate haiN|/prbhu se prArthanA hai ki/apada hI bane raheM hama ! jitane bhI pada haiM/vaha vipadAoM ke Aspada haiN|"(pR. 434) aura bhI: "cora itane pApI nahIM hote/jitane ki/coroM ko paidA karane vAle / tuma svayaM cora ho/coroM ko pAlate ho/aura/coroM ke janaka bhii| sajjana apane doSoM ko/kabhI chupAte nahIM, chupAne kA bhAva bhI nahIM lAte mana meM/pratyuta udghATita karate haiM unheN|"(pR. 468) kucha logoM ne kahA ki samajha meM nahIM AtA ki 'mUkamATI' kAvya hai yA zAstra / vAstava meM sampAdaka, samAlocaka yA sAhityakAra kA prayojana antardvandva ko upasthita karanA nahIM hai, gutthI ko ulajhAnA nahIM hai / inakA prayojana hotA hai gutthI ke sulajhAne meM aura sulajhA kara samAdhAna kI ora saMketana karane meM / yadi ve aisA nahIM karate to ve sAhityakAra, sampAdaka yA samAlocaka hone ke apane dAve ko choTA kara rahe haiN| kyoM nahIM sIdhe kahate ve ki yaha zAstra hai, ise kAvya mata mAno ; yA phira yaha kAvya hai, zAstra nhiiN| mujhe lagatA hai ve khuda ulajhe haiM aura apanI isa ulajhana kA hissA banAnA cAhate haiM sabhI pAThakoM ko| pAThakoM ko ulajhAnA anyAya hai, jo unake vaha hone kA (arthAt sampAdaka, sAhityakAra yA samAlocaka hone kA) prayojana nahIM hai ata: aisA karane kA unheM adhikAra bhI nahIM hai| vyakti jaba kisI kRti kI samIkSA ke lie baiThatA hai to eka prazna usake mana meM nirantara kauMdhatA hai ki vivecyakRti khaNDa kAvya hai yA mahAkAvya yA kevala kAvya / mahAkAvya ko sabase bar3A kAvya mAnate haiM prAyaH sabhI kAvyazAstrI, para jina AdhAroM para mahAkAvya ko ve taulate haiM, yathA-sargabaddha ho, vizAla parimANa ho, prAkRtika dRzya se prArambha ho, mujhe lagatA hai ki ina AdhAroM para kisI kAvya ko taulane kI dRSTi samyak dRSTi nahIM hai, kyoMki kisI bhI racanA kI jo sabase bar3I sArthakatA hai, vaha isameM hai ki vaha racanA kitanI acchI taraha, kitane sabala DhaMga se apane kAvyArtha ko rakha pA rahI hai| isalie ina AdhAroM para hama isa 'mUkamATI' kA bhI mUlyAMkana kareMge to hama vAstava meM kAvya ko sahI DhaMga se mUlyAMkita nahIM kara pAe~ge / isalie hameM kAvyArtha ko kendra meM rakhakara kisI bhI racanA kA mUlyAMkana karanA caahie| jisa kAvyArtha ko racanAkAra ne apanI racanA kA viSaya banAyA hai, vaha kAvyArtha Aja ke janamAnasa ke lie kitane mahattva kA hai, usakA prastutIkaraNa kitane sudRr3ha DhaMga se huA hai jo mAdhyama use rakhane ke lie lie gae haiM, ve kitane saTIka haiM, ina bAtoM para yadi racanA kA mUlyAMkana hotA hai to mujhe lagatA hai ki racanA kA vaha sahI mUlyAMkana hai| 'mUkamATI' ko hI leM, racanAkAra ne jisa jagat ko, jisa nazvaratA ko apanI racanA kA viSaya banAyA hai, vaha jagat hara jIvadhArI ke lie nazvara hai / aisA nahIM ki vaha kucha ke lie zAzvata ho aura kucha ke lie kSaNika / isIlie racanAkAra ne hara jIva ke hitakArI viSaya ko apanI kRti kA vivecya banAyA hai, aura usa viSaya ko rakhane meM vaha kAfI hada taka saphala rahA hai / eka bAta z2arUra bAra-bAra lagatI hai ki racanA kI viSayavastu kA kendra kisI bauddhika cetA kA viSaya adhika hai, kisI sahRdaya kA kama / maiM bAra-bAra yaha mAnatA hU~ ki kisI bhI sAhityika kRti kA kendra usakA kAvyArtha hotA hai| kAvyArtha jitanA bar3A hotA hai kRti utanI hI bar3I hotI hai| ___ racanA kI kathAvastu koI praNaya-kathA nahIM, koI purA kathA nahIM, koI aitihAsika jalpa nahIM, koI paurANika kathA nhiiN| zAzvata kathA hai / zAzvata kathA nirantara apane meM zAzvata satya ko sa~joe rahatI hai, zAzvata satya pahale jaba taka ki vaha anubhUti kA hissA nahIM banatA, kaThina durUha z2arUra lagatA hai, para vAstava meM vaha sabakA preya hotA hai, saba
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________________ 130 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kI cAha hotA hai / para pahale kI durUhatA ke kAraNa kama loga sAhasa kara pAte haiM zAzvata satya taka pahu~cane kA / para jo sAhasa kara jAte haiM, ve aise rama jAte haiM ki kabhI svapna meM bhI nahIM socate isa chalAve kI duniyA meM Ane kI, kyoMki usake bAda aura kucha pAne ko zeSa nahIM raha jaataa| zAzvata satya traikAlika aura antima satya hotA hai| isIlie 'mUkamATI'kAra ne ghRta ke mAdhyama se isa tathya ko rakhA hai : "bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA/AmUla miTa jAnA hI mokSa hai| isI kI zuddha-dazA meM/avinazvara sukha hotA hai/jise prApta hone ke bAda,/yahA~/saMsAra meM AnA kaise sambhava hai tuma hI batAo !/dugdha kA vikAsa hotA hai/phira anta meM ghRta kA vilAsa hotA hai,/kintu/ghRta kA dugdha ke rUpa meM lauTa AnA sambhava hai kyA ?/tuma hI batAo!" (pR. 486-487) cU~ki, racanA zAzvata satya ko rakhane ke lie, dArzanika tathya prastuta karane ke lie saMkalpita hai, isIlie prArambha meM zAzvata satya kI taraha hI durUha lagatI hai, kaThina lagatI hai / para eka bAra pAThaka jaba racanA se jur3a jAtA hai to vaha zAzvata satya kI taraha hI nirantara usameM sarAbora banA rahatA hai| isIlie 'mUkamATI' ko maiM samajhatA hU~ ki zAzvata kAvya ke rUpa meM svIkAranA samIcIna hai| eka bAta z2arUra hai ki racanA ke pAtra kAlpanika haiM, para racanA saMvAda zailI meM hai, yadi racanA ke pAtra kucha paurANika, kucha aitihAsika hote, jinake saMskAra pAThaka ke mana meM pahale se hote to racanA kucha aura sarala ho jaatii| MARWARI pR. 331 lo, atidhikI aMjulikhulapAtI hai.. ----- rasadAra yA khA-sUkhA sabasamAga
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________________ dharma-darzana evaM adhyAtma kA sAratattva : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. mahendra nAtha rAya 'mUkamATI' dharma-darzana evaM adhyAtma ke sAratattva ko eka sUtra meM pirokara eka mahAn racanAtmaka dAyitva ke prati pUrI taraha samarpita santa sAhityakAra AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI aitihAsika mahattva kI kAvya kRti hai / bhAva-bhASA evaM pratipAdya kI dRSTi se yaha sarvathA udAtta hai| 'mUkamATI' zIrSaka soddezya evaM sAbhiprAya hai| mUkamATI zabda meM surakSita rAgAtmakatA evaM vatsalatA ko udghATita karane ke prayatna meM AcAryazrI ko AzAtIta saphalatA milI hai / kuzala kumbhakAra ke hAthoM yaha mATI par3a kara pUjA kA maMgala ghaTa banatI hai aura apanI sArthakatA kA prakAzana karatI hai| patthara to bahuta hote haiM lekina jo sujAna kArIgara ke hAtha lagate haiM, ve manorama aura divya mUrti meM parivartita hokara sabake lie pUjya bana jAte haiN| loga mUrti ke samakSa praNata hokara eka taraha se usake nirmAtA ke samakSa hI mAthA Tekate haiN| patthara kA ahaMkAra sarvathA mRSA hai ki loga usake samakSa apanA sira jhukAte haiM / vastuta: yaha to usake nirmAtA kI hI sAdhanA kA supariNAma hai ki tarAza-chA~Ta kara rAste meM par3e eka anAma patthara ko usane mUrti kA rUpa diyA aura usameM prabhutva kI prANa-pratiSThA kI / dhanya haiM santa vidyAsAgara jI jinhoMne mUkamATI kI vyathA-kathA ko apane navanIta se bhI komala evaM prakRtitaH dravaNazIla santajanocita mAnasa kA karuNa sAhacarya pradAna kara svarita kiyA / AcArya vidyAsAgara jI ne granthArambha meM 'mUkamATI' ke racanAtmaka abhipreta kI vivikSA meM jo likhA hai, vaha draSTavya hai : "aise hI kucha mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana hetu isa kRti kA sRjana huA hai aura yaha vaha sRjana hai jisakA sAttvika sAnnidhya pAkara rAgAtireka se bharapUra zRMgAra rasa ke jIvana meM bhI vairAgya kA ubhAra AtA hai;... jisameM zabda ko artha milA hai aura artha ko paramArtha;... jisake prati prasaMga paMkti se puruSa ko preraNA milatI hai - susupta caitanya - zakti ko jAgrata karane kI; jisane varNa-jAti-kula Adi vyavasthA vidhAna ko nakArA nahIM hai parantu janma ke bAda AcaraNa ke anurUpa, unameM ucca-nIcatA rUpa parivartana ko svIkArA hai;... jisane zuddha - sAttvika bhAvoM se sambandhita jIvana ko dharma kahA hai; jisakA prayojana sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM praviSTa huI kurItiyoM ko nirmUla karanA aura yuga ko zubha-saMskAroM se saMskArita kara bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dekara vItarAga zramaNa-saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai'' aura jisakA nAmakaraNa huA hai mUka- mATI" / uparyukta paMktiyA~ racanAkAra ke kAvya - prayojana ko spaSTa abhivyakti detI haiN| sAhitya ke svarUpa aura abhiprAya ko lekara AcArya zrI kI eka sunizcita, unnata avadhAraNA rahI hai aura kahanA na hogA ki isa kAvyakRti meM racanAtmaka stara para use mUrtimAna hone kA bharapUra avasara milA hai / 'mUkamATI' cAra upazIrSakoM meM vibhAjita lagabhaga pA~ca sau pRSThoM kA bodha evaM vicAradhArA kI dRSTi se bahu AyAmI grantha hai | kahate haiM sarasvatI kI javAnI kavitA aura bur3hApA darzana hai / isa kAvyakRti meM darzanaprabhAvI hai, vicAradhArA prabala hai / yahA~ bhAvocchvAsa kI abhivyakti kama hai, sucintita dRSTikoNa kI abhivyakti adhika / isameM prAkRtajana kA guNagAna nahIM hai balki pratIkAtmaka DhaMga se zAzvata aura sArvabhauma pAramArthika tattvoM kA digdarzana hai| vaicArika praur3hatA, tArkika niSpatti aura jIvana-jagat ke prati eka svastha evaM parama udAtta dRSTikoNa kI abhivyakti kI saMjJA hai 'mUkamATI' / sAmAnya kAvyarasikoM kA avadhAna nimnAMkita paMktiyA~ bhale hI apanI ora kendrita na kareM kintu suvijJa aura suvicArita janoM ko ye nizcita rUpa se bA~dhegI : " santa-samAgama kI yahI to sArthakatA hai / saMsAra kA anta dikhane lagatA hai, samAgama karanevAlA bhale hI / turanta santa- saMyata / bane yA na bane isameM koI niyama nahIM hai / kintu vaha / santoSI avazya banatA hai / " (pR. 352)
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________________ mAnavatA kA mahAkAvya aura saMskRti kA vizvakAvya : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. lakSmI kAnta pANDeya bhAratIya sAhitya meM ArSa kAvya kI apanI paramparA rahI hai| yaha paramparA prAcInatama sAhitya se prArambha huI aura kAvya-vidhAna kI parivartamAna mAnyatAoM ko svIkAratI adyAvadhi vidyamAna hai / saMskRti, darzana aura AdhyAtmika cetanA se sampRkta ArSa paramparA hI sAhitya ke yuga-cintana evaM audAtya ko prakaTa karatI hai / ata: aisI racanAe~ kAlAtIta nahIM, kAlajayI hotI haiM aura sAhitya ke usa rUpa ko prastuta karatI haiM, jo lokAdarza kA pratiSThApaka hotA hai| samagra vaidika sAhitya, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, samasta purANa, jaina AcAryoM dvArA upadiSTa evaM praNIta prAkRta sAhitya, bAddhAtrIpaTaka, vibhinna bhASAoM meM praNIta rAmAyaNa, rAmacaritamAnasa, Adhunika yuga meM gItAMjali aura kAmAyanI jaise mahAkAvya mUlata: ArSa paramparA ke hI aMga haiM / abhidhAna evaM upAkhyAna paramparA-bhukta haiM, mAtra bahiraMga aura sAmAjika prakArya evaM mUlya nae rUpa meM Ae haiN| vastuta: ArSa paramparA hai kyA ? 'sAhitya ko samAja kA darpaNa' mAtra mAnane vAle isakA uttara nahIM deNge| sAhitya meM samaveta bhAva aura hita bhAva ke samaMjasana se ArSa paramparA sambhUta hai aura yaha pravRtti jisa racanA meM hogI vaha yuga-dharma meM jIvita raha kara bhI ArSa hI kahI jaaegii| ise adhika spaSTa kareM, to yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki kAvyaprayojanoM meM jo 'zivetarakSataye' hai usako prAmukhya pradAna kara prastuta pratyeka racanA ArSa kAvya ke antargata AtI hai, kyoMki pratyeka yuga, samAja aura rASTra ke cintana meM 'zivetarakSataye' kI prayojanamUlakatA vidyamAna rahatI hai, parimANa evaM prakRti meM vaibhinnya ke bAvajUda / hindI sAhitya meM jaba isI prazna ko uThAyA jAtA hai to sAhitya kI eka vilakSaNatA saMketita hotI hai| hindI kA prArambhika sAhitya nitAnta jJAnAtmaka evaM yaugika saMcetanA se abhimaNDita thA aura pazcAt rAso kAvya vIratA evaM zRMgAra kA samanvaya / bhaktikAla avatAravAda kI dRr3ha bhitti banA / isa prakAra Adi evaM madhyakAla ke pUrvarUpa ArSa paramparA ke nae AyAma ke prastotA siddha hote haiN| nAthoM, siddhoM aura jainiyoM ke sAhitya kI prazasta paramparA se isakA pramANa svata: ho jAtA hai| rItikAla yA yoM kaheM ki Adi evaM madhyakAla ke uttaravartI sAhitya kA upajIvya mUlataH zRMgAra rhaa| Adhunika kAla nizcita rUpa se bikhara kara viracita huA aura paramparAoM kI anatidIrghatA ke kAraNa kAla cakra kI gati se pravRttiyoM kA vikAsa huaa| yaha vaikharI kAlagati kA pariNAma hai, na ki paramparA kA / yahI kAraNa hai ki yuga aura racanAkAra donoM meM virodhAbhAsa milatA hai / isake bAvajUda sAhitya meM zreyas ko preyas se kama mahattva nahIM milaa| yaha alaga bAta hai ki zreya evaM preya meM vibhAjaka rekhA Adhunika sAhitya meM bahuta dhUmila ho gii| vastata: hindI kA Adhanika sAhitya sAMskatika kSaraNa ke samAntara svaccha vAtAvaraNa ke lie likhA gyaa| pAzcAtya prabhAva ke pradUSaNa se jahA~ samAja kI mAnasikatA vikRta ho rahI thI, vahIM sAhityika, sAmAjika paryAvaraNa kI saMrakSA ke prayAsa bhI ho rahe the| bhAratIya punarjAgaraNa Andolana isa saMrakSaNa kA hI prayAsa hai| sAketa aura kAmAyanI jaisI racanAe~ isI paramparA meM saMgrathita haiN| ArSa paramparA kA yaha navya rUpa sAMskRtika virAsata ko sAmAjika pariprekSya meM bhalI prakAra nApa-taula kara prastuta kara rahA thA para jyoM-jyoM sAmAjika mUlyahInatA bar3hatI gaI, tyoM-tyoM pazcimI vicAradhArAe~ hI bhAratIya samAja kI samasyAoM ko samAdhAnita karane ke lie vyavahRta hone lagIM, jisase nayA sAhitya prabhAvita huA aura sAhitya kI ArSa paramparA naI pravRttiyoM ke samakSa saMkucita ho gii| isake bAvajUda bhAratIya saMskRti ke cintakoM ne sRjana-karma nirbAdha gati se jArI rakhA, kyoMki kAlajayI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 133 kRtiyA~ yugadharma se jur3akara tAtkAlikatA se prabhAvita nahIM hotii| bhAratIya samAja jaisA vRkSa na jhaMjhAvAtI jhaTake se ukhar3ane vAlA hai, na tAtkAlika poSaNa se puSTa hone vAlA / usakI sahI tasvIra aura vAstavika puSTi ArSa kAvyoM se hI milatI hai aura yugoM ke bAda tathA yugoM taka aisI racanAe~ apanI kSamatA ko pradarzita kara pAI haiM / 'mUkamATI' isI paramparA, isI pravRtti aura isI cetanA kI navInatama pariNati hai, jisakA racanAkAra virakta saMnyAsI hI nahIM, prAcIna zramaNa saMskRti kA mUrtimAn rUpa hai / 'mUkamATI' kI racanA kA prayojana mAtra 'zivetarakSataye' hai, jise gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ke zabdoM meM surasari sama saba kara hita hoI' ke rUpa meM parakhA jA sakatA hai| jaina AcArya vidyAsAgara dvArA praNIta 'mUkamATI' kI vivecanA ke pUrva hindI jaina sAhitya kI prazasta paramparA para iMgiti Avazyaka hai / vastuta: saMskRtetara Arya bhASAoM ke prAcIna rUpa jaina kAvyakAroM ke RNI haiM, kyoMki Aja una bhASAoM kA astitva jaina kaviyoM ke lalita sAhitya ke kAraNa hI hai| pAli, jisakA sAhityika svarUpa bauddhoM dvArA vikasita huA vaha lalita sAhitya kI bhASA nahIM bana sakI, kyoMki bauddha dharma pratikriyAtmaka rahA para saMskAraka jaina dharma aura sAhitya bhAratIya saMskRti kA puraskartA banA aura jainAcAryoM aura unake avalambiyoM ne prAkRta tathA apabhraMza kI zrIvRddhi apanI racanAoM se kii| 'amiaM pAuakabvaM' kI ukti taka prAkRta kA mAdhurya jaina kaviyoM ke dvArA niSpanna huA / apabhraMza aura prArambhika hindI meM jo kucha sAhitya kahalAne lAyaka hai, vaha jaina sAhitya kI dena hai / prArambhika racanAoM meM muni rAmasiMha kI dArzanika cintanA eka ora hai to dUsarI ora phAgu aura rAsaka ke dvArA zRMgAra kI prazasta paramparA bhI jaina kaviyoM kI dena hai / svayaMbhU, puSpadanta, jinacanda sUri, vinayacanda sUri, jina padmasUri Adi se lekara madhyakAla meM banArasIdAsa jaina taka jaina sAhitya hindI kI pramukha dhArA ke rUpa meM pravAhita huA hai| Adhunika yuga meM jaba isa prakAra kI kAvya-paramparAe~ vilupta hone lagI haiM, 'mUkamATI' kA racanAkAra jaina kAvya paramparA kI usa cintanadhArA se jur3a kara usakI nirantaratA ko bhI saMketita kara rahA hai| ___ paramparA, samakAlikatA, dArzanikatA, AcAryazrI kI vidvattA, mahAkAvya kI paramparAgata avadhAraNA Adi aise viSaya haiM, jina para yA jinake pariprekSya meM 'mUkamATI' kI bahuvidha vivecanA huI hai yA ho sakatI hai / ata: unakA anudhAvana yahA~ abhISTa nhiiN| vAk-kAyasiddha yogI kI dArzanika cintanA akATya hai aura mahAkAvya kI paridhi Aja itanI vistRta yA vikRta ho cukI hai ki mAtra 'sargabandho' kaha kara kisI kAvya kI garimA ko ghaTAyA yA bar3hAyA nahIM jA sakatA / prazna yaha hai ki isa nae vaijJAnika yuga meM eka virakta muni (jo durlabha zreNI meM Ate haiM) nae samAja ko kyA de rahA hai, kisa taraha vijJAna se tAlamela biThA rahA hai aura kaise vaha sarva svIkArya hai ? __maiM phira tulasI kI ora dhyAna khIMcanA cAhU~gA, jisane 'saba kara hita hoI' kaha kara 'sarvajana-hitAya' ko pramukhatA dI / sArvajanInatA hI zivetarakSati hai| yaha kSati' hI tulasI kA 'hita' hai| samAja se ziva ke itara kI kSati sarvajana kA hita hai / hita bhI do prakAra se hogA- lAlana aura tAr3ana dvArA / kAvya zreyamArga para calane vAle kA lAlana kare, sampreraNa kare aura zreyamArga se uparata kA tAr3ana kare, nivAraNa kare, tabhI vaha saba kara hita' kara sakatA hai| zivatva kI pratiSThA hI zreyas nahIM hai, aziva kA nivAraNa bhI Avazyaka hai| 'mUkamATI' zreyas ke ina donoM rUpoM kA pratiSThApaka mahAkAvya hai / isalie jaba isa mahAkAvya ke varNya kI carcA hotI hai, to yaha eka vizuddha AdhyAtmika kRti pratIta hotI hai / eka ora kumbhakAra aura ghaTa tathA dUsarI ora zreSThI, sAdhu evaM nRpati-donoM kisI kalpita aitihAsikatA kA saMketa dete haiN| aisI sthiti meM tamAma pAThaka sahajatA ke sAtha kaha sakate haiM ki 'mUkamATI' meM jaina darzana kA abhiniveza hai / yaha apanI jagaha sahI bhI hai lekina isameM eka doSa hai-'mUkamATI, jo eka bhAvapravaNa kavi kI racanA hai aura kavi kevala sAhitya darzana karatA hai| isalie dArzanikatA
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________________ 134 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pradhAna racanAoM meM bhI kavi kA antaraMga zuddha darzana nahIM bana sakatA / vaha bhAvanA kA tiraskAra nahIM kara sakatA / isIlie 'mUkamATI' meM manuSya sarvopari hai, koI vAda, darzana, siddhAnta, sampradAya yA dharma nahIM / jaba yA jisa racanA meM manuSya sarvopari varNya ho jAtA hai, taba vahA~ 'eka puruSa bhIge nayanoM se' hI dekhatA hai vaha cAhe 'kAmAyanI' kA manu ho yA 'mUkamATI' kI dharatI kA : "lo ! / bhIge bhAvoM se / sambodhana kI zurUAta " (pR.7)| dharatI mAnava kA AdhAra hai aura miTTI manuSya kA AkAra / miTTI aura manuSya meM kevala svarUpa kA bheda hai| miTTI kA AkAra miTanA manuSya kA miTanA hai| vijJAna isa AdhAra se rahita jagat kA nirmANa nahIM kara pAyA hai| dharatI, miTTI aura kumbhakAra- - ye tInoM manuSya se hI jur3e haiM / kumbhakAra ke dvArA miTTI se gar3hA manuSya aura kumbhakAra banakara nirantara nirmANa kI ora agrasara bhI manuSya / isalie yaha manuSya aura usameM bhI zramajIvI hI vidhAtA kI vAstavika sRSTi hai - manuSya ke bAda hama jo kucha bhI bane haiM - yaha hamAre apane ahaMbodha haiM, apane kaTaghare haiM, ghere haiM, bandIgRha haiN| AcArya vidyAsAgara karttApana ko hI nahIM, usake ahaMbodha ko bhI dUra karane para bala dete haiM : "apane se viparIta panoM kA pUra/ para ko kadApi mata pakar3o sahI-sahI parakho use, he puruSa !" (pR. 124) 'para'ko pakar3anA hI mAnavIya guNoM kA bAdhaka hai| para meM sabhI A jAte haiM - prakRti bhI / manuSya kA mUla saMgharSa to prakRti se hI hai / yaha parA bhI hai to aparA bhI / isIlie racanAkAra ne puruSa aura prakRti ke isa saMgharSa ko aura sambandha ko bhI vistAra se citrita kiyA hai / kavi ne 'prakRti ko nahIM puruSa ko hI pApa-puMja kahA hai', kyoMki prakRti meM vikRti bhI puruSa ke kAraNa AtI hai| jo jaisA hai, vahI prakRti hai, para puruSa, 'jaisA' se santuSTa na rahakara 'aisA-vaisA' karanA cAhatA hai aura yahIM se puruSa kA nirmANa kArya prArambha hotA hai| yahI mUla prakRti kI vikRti hai / 'sukha kevala sukha kA vaha saMgraha, kendrIbhUta huA itanA' - ( kAmAyanI) kI sthiti Ate hI vikRti prakRti ko laya ke lie prerita karatI hai kyoMki 'ati' kA honA hI 'mUkamATI' kAra ke zabdoM meM 'iti' kA Arambha hai aura 'iti' 'atha' kA prArambha / yaha 'cakranemikrameNa' sRSTi mUlata: prakRti aura puruSa ke sambandhoM para saMjIvanI pAtI hai parantu puruSa kI kendrIbhUta sattA bilagAva kI ora le jAtI hai / agni kI jalana, jala ke pravAha, vAyu ke jhaMjhAvAta aura AkAza ke zabda ko dharatI hI sahatI hai, phira bhI vaha mUka hai| racanAkAra ne 'mATI' kA mUka honA kaha kara hI usakI zreSThatA siddha kI hai| zUnya taka zabda karatA hai, A pratidhvani karatA hai, vaha prahAra ko vApasa lauTA detA hai, para mATI sadaiva sahatI hai, dharatI hai| kabIra kI mATI to mukhara hai, usameM pratibhAva hai : "mATI kahe kumhAra se, tU kyA raudai mohi / ika dina aisA AyagA, maiM rauMdoMgI tohi // " para ahiMsaka jaina muni ne mATI kA jo vatsala rUpa citrita kiyA hai, usameM mRdutA hai, rauMdane para to aura bhI mRdula hotI jAtI hai, jalane para aura bhI camakatI hai| mATI kA yahI mUka rUpa jIvana kA zreSThatama rUpa hai| sabake nirmANa kI lalaka, aNu-aNu ke sAtha samarpaNa, apamAna aura ghAva meM bhI mRdutA, saba kucha dekara bhI mUkatA, saba ko dhAraNa karane kI kSamatA, pratikAra evaM pratihiMsA se virati - yahI mATI kA svabhAva hai / vizva sAhitya meM paMca bhUtAtmaka prakRti ke kisI tattva ko AdhAra banA kara likhA gayA yaha prathama mahAkAvya hai aura usameM bhI 'mATI' jaisI nAyikA to virala hai, kyoMki sAhitya meM 'mUka' kI upAsanA nahIM 'mukhara' kI upAsanA kI jAtI rahI hai /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 135 AcArya vidyAsAgara ne 'mATI' ko ArAdhya banA kara manuSya ko hI kathA kA AdhAra banAyA hai, puruSa ko nhiiN| manuSya aura puruSa meM antara hai| manuSya sRSTi hai, puruSa sRSTa kA guNa / puruSa manuSya kA kartApana hai| manuSya meM puruSa hotA hai, kyoMki vaha sRSTa bhI hai sRjaka bhI, parantu jaba sRjaka kA ahaMbodha ubharatA hai aura vaha apane sRjana ke astitva, apanI nazvaratA, apane mATIpana ko bhUla jAtA hai to vaha manuSya nahIM raha jaataa| sRjana mATI jaisA honA cAhie, nirantara nirmitiyoM ke bAvajUda mUka bane rahane kA bhAva / racanAkAra isI ko mahattva detA hai : "nisarga se hI/sRj-dhAtu kI bhA~ti/bhinna-bhinna upasarga pA tumane svayaM ko/jo/nisarga kiyA,/so sRjanazIla jIvana kA/vargAtIta apavarga huA !" (pR. 486) isa prakAra 'mUkamATI' isa karttApana ke ahaMbodha para prahAraka hai| isIlie hamane kahA hai ki 'mUkamATI' meM zreyas ke donoM rUpa lAlana aura tAr3ana sAtha-sAtha milate haiN| isa kartApana ko dUra karate hue racanAkAra kahatA hai : "jitane bhI pada haiM/vaha vipadAoM ke Aspada haiM, pada-lipsA kA viSadhara vaha/bhaviSya meM bhI hameM na sUMghe basa yahI bhAvanA hai, vibho !" (pR. 434) manuSya kI mahattA ke dyotana meM kavi ne Adhunika samAja kI samasta vikRtiyoM ko citrita kiyA hai / dhana lipsA, zoSaNa, anAcAra, jAti evaM varNabheda, sampradAyabaddhatA, AtaMkavAda, rAjanItika padalipsA, bhraSTAcAra, yuddha kI vibhISikA, aNu AyudhoM ke AtaMka evaM rASTrAbhimAna kI kamI Aja ke vizva kI samasyAe~ haiN| pU~jI ke Adhipatya evaM kamyuniSToM kI krAntidarzI AkrAntA-nIti donoM kA niSedha kavi ne kiyA hai / 'mUkamATI' meM sAmAjika parivartana kI lalaka hai, para varNasaMkarI parivartana nahIM, samagra vilayana kI bhAvanA ke sAtha, jo miTTI kI bhA~ti dUsaroM ko sahana kara sake, vahana kara sake, na ki unakA dahana kara sake / isalie 'mUkamATI' meM kaMkara nahIM, miTTI pramukha hai, sAgara kI apekSA kUpajala kI pramukhatA hai, rAjA aura zreSThI kI apekSA kumbhakAra kI pradhAnatA hai| bhAratIya ArSa paramparA isI bhAvanA se jur3I hai jahA~ yama ko naciketA ke samakSa vinata honA par3atA hai aura devatva kI parikalpanA vivikta vanavAsiyoM meM kI jAtI hai| rAma, kRSNa, buddha aura mahAvIra svAmI ke Izvaratva kA AdhAra kulInatA nahIM, sulInatA hai| 'viviktadezasevitvaM aratirjanasaMsadi' ke upAsaka bhAratIya manISiyoM kI racanA-paramparA meM 'mUkamATI' adhunAtana samasyAoM ko cihnita karatI manuSya-gAthA hai / isa mahAkAvya meM laghutA ko namana aura usake laghutva meM virATatA kA darzana hai / isalie naI bhaMgimA aura naI zailI meM prastuta isa mahAkAvya ko mAnavatA kA mahAkAvya aura saMskRti kA vizvakAvya kahA jA sakatA hai / darzana, bhAva, zAstrIyatA evaM zilpa ke anUThe prayoga to kAvya-dharma meM svata: samAhita ho jAte haiN| pR.3. payagaracalatA hai.... ---... manasemI / maephaEAMER
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________________ 'mUkamATI': kSaNabhaMguratA se gahana saMvAda DaoN. nemIcanda jaina ___ idhara ke do dazakoM meM do avismaraNIya kRtiyA~ prakAza meM AI haiM : eka 'anuttara yogI : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra' (cAra khaNDa/1974-1981/ vIrendra kumAra jaina) tathA do, 'mUkamATI' (1988/AcArya vidyAsAgara muni)| inheM hama kramaza: 'mahAkAvyAtmaka upanyAsa' aura 'upanyAsAtmaka mahAkAvya' kaha sakate haiN| 'mUkamATI' ke vidvAn prastavana-lekhaka zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ne ise 'Adhunika bhAratIya sAhitya kI eka ullekhanIya upalabdhi' aura 'Adhunika jIvana kA eka abhinava zAstra' nirUpita kiyA hai| unake uddharaNa-bahula 'prastavana' meM se yaha patA lagAnA kaThina hai ki misarI kI DalI kahA~ se aura kitanI mIThI hai| usakI miThAsa sarvatra vyApta hai| 'mUkamATI' ko mUka to kaha diyA hai, kintu AtmA ke zAzvata saMgIta meM nimagna kavi ne mATI ko eka pala bhI mUka nahIM rahane diyA hai / mATI kI anirvacanIyatA paga-paga para khuda-ba-khuda nirvacana banI hai aura usane kaI cirantana ulajhanoM ko palaka mArate hala kiyA hai / manISI kavi ne na sirpha zabda ko caTakhAkara usake bhItara kArAvAsita artha ko unmukta kiyA hai varan use navArtha/abhinavArtha dene meM bhI vaha saphala huA hai / zabda ko artha denA eka sAmAnya ghaTanA hai, kintu artha ko cetanA kI gaharAiyoM se jor3akara use puna: arthavAn aura prAsaMgika karanA kisI manISI kA kAma hI ho sakatA hai / zabda ko usakI ArthI nirambaratA meM pAnA aura usameM apanI parizuddha medhA ke pAtra ko antima hala taka le pahu~canA parama puruSArtha kA viSaya hai-kisI sAmAnya manISI ke basa kI bAta vaha nahIM hai| kavi ne mATI kI cirantana bhaMguratA ko pratIka ke rUpa meM cunA hai (asala meM 'mUkamATI' eka bheda-vaijJAnika rUpaka hai) aura usakI yugAntara kI pIr3A ko akSaraza: samajhane kA sIdhA-saghana prayatna kiyA hai| 'bindu-bindu-ghaTa' kI zailI meM kavi ne tamAma vistRtiyoM ko varNabaddha kara liyA hai| 'mUkamATI' arthAt kSaNa se eka vilakSaNa/anavarata DAyalaoNga-kisI yogI ke lie hI sambhava thA / bahuta kama zabdoM meM, hama kaheMge ki 'mUkamATI' kI bhASA 'samAdhi bhASA' hai, jisake bhItara paiThane ke lie pAThaka ko bhI samAdhi meM utarane kI AvazyakatA hai / kavi prayogadharmI hai| usane zailI aura bhASA donoM hI tala para kaI apUrva prayoga kie haiN| kavi ko varNa kI viloma/viparyaya zakti kA gahana bodha hai / varNa-vinoda meM se varNa kI AvRta zaktiyoM ko anAvRta karane kI jo kSamatA vidyAsAgara muni meM hai, vaha anyoM meM nahIM hai (nahIM miltii)| 'kharA' meM se 'rAkha, 'rAhI' meM se hIrA', 'yAda' meM se 'dayA', 'lAbha' meM se 'bhalA' aise hI udAharaNa haiN| varNa-viccheda meM se bhI kavi ne artha-chaviyoM kI saphala khoja kI hai| 'sAregama' meM se 'sAre gama, pAgala ho' meM se 'pAga laho, 'rassI' meM se 'rasa sI, retila' meM se re tila' isI taraha ke udAharaNa haiM / varNa-krIDA meM se hokara artha kI gaharAiyoM meM avagAhana aura vahA~ se pAThakoM ko eka amogha AdhyAtmika rasAsvAda vidyAsAgara jaise mahAn rasavettA ke lie hI sambhava thaa| vilomazakti ke to ve vizeSajJa hI haiM- yoM unheM bhASA taka kabhI nahIM jAnA par3A hai, bhASA hI una taka AI hai / vastutaH jisake pAsa kathya hotA hai, usake nikaTa kathana kI tamAma vidhAe~ khuda daur3I AtI haiN| 'mUkamATI' meM vahI huA hai, yAnI varNa-vaibhava meM se artha-gaurava ke kaI durlabha kSaNa palabhara meM pratyakSa hue haiN| asala meM kSara meM se akSara ke talAtala DhU~r3ha nikAlane kA nAma hI vidyAsAgara hai| _ 'mUkamATI' ke prANa pRSTha haiM 397-399, jinameM kavi ne a, i, u, R, lu' kI taraha 'za, sa, Sa' kI amogha zakti ko spaSTa kiyA hai| usake zabda haiM : "isa para bhI yadi/auSadha kI bAta pUchate ho,/suna lo !/tAtkAlika tana-viSayaka-roga hI kyA,/cirantana cetana-gata roga bhI/jo
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 137 janana - jarana-maraNa rUpa hai / nava-do - gyAraha ho jAtA hai pala meM, / za, sa, Sa ye tIna bIjAkSara haiM / ina se hI phUlatA - phalatA hai vaha Arogya kA vizAla-kAya vRkSa ! / inake uccAraNa ke samaya pUrI zakti lagA kara / zvAsa ko bhItara grahaNa karanA hai / aura nAsikA se nikAlanA hai / oMkAra - dhvani ke rUpa meM / yaha zakAra-traya hI / svayaM apanA paricaya de rahA hai ki 'za' yAnI / kaSAya kA zamana karane vAlA, / zaMkara kA dyotaka, zaMkAtIta, zAzvata zAnti kI zAlA ! / 'sa' yAnI / samagra kA sAthI jisameM samaSTi samAtI, / saMsAra kA viloma - rUpa / sahaja sukha kA sAdhana samatA kA ajasra srota ! / aura / 'Sa' kI lIlA nirAlI hai / 'pa' ke peTa ko phAr3ane para / 'Sa' kA darzana hotA hai 'pa' yAnI pApa aura puNya / jina kA pariNAma saMsAra hai, jisameM bhramita ho puruSa bhaTakatA hai / isIlie jo puNyApuNya ke peTa ko phAr3atA hai / 'Sa' hotA hai karmAtIta / yaha huA bhItarI AyAma, / aba bAharI bhI suno ! / bhUta kI mA~ bhU hai, bhaviSya kI mA~ bhI bhU // bhAva kI mA~ bhU hai, / prabhAva kI mA~ bhI bhU / bhAvanA kI mA~ bhU hai, / sambhAvanA kI mA~ bhI bhU //bhavAnI kI mA~ bhU hai, bhUdhara kI mA~ bhU hai, / bhUcara kI mA~ bhI bhU // bhUkha kI mA~ bhU hai, bhUmikA kI mA~ bhI bhU //bhava kI mA~ bhU hai, / vaibhava kI mA~ bhI bhU, / aura svayambhU kI mA~ bhI bhU // tIna kAla meM / tIna bhuvana meM / saba kI bhUmikA bhU / bhU ke sivA kucha dikhatA nahIM / bhU"bhU"bhU"bhU/ yatra yatra - sarvatra "bhU / 'bhU sattAyAM' kahA hai nA / koSakAroM ne yuga ke atha meM !" [ sampAdaka- 'tIrthaMkara' (mAsika), indaura - madhyapradeza, disambara, 1988 ] pR. 2. lajjA ke ghU~ghaTa meM... lo! ora detI hai| idhara-1 - anahonIsI ghaTanA ! ---
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : eka mUlyAMkana pro. zrInArAyaNa mizra isa vizva meM vidyA kI jitanI vidhAe~ haiM una sabakA eka mAtra uddezya mAnava ko vaha zikSA denA hai jisase vaha sahI artha meM mAnava bana sake arthAt apane ko sanmArga para abhiniviSTha karatA huA dUsaroM ko bhI vaisA hI karane kI preraNA de ske| isa prakAra kI zikSA upadeza yadyapi sabhI zAstroM kA eka hI hai tathApi upadeza dene ke prakAroM meM vividhatA ke kAraNa zAstroM meM bhI vividhatA A gaI hai / vedAdi zAstra prabhusammita upadeza dete haiM, itihAsa - purANAdi suhRtsammita aura kAvya-nATakAdi kaantaasmmit| inameM prabhusammita aura suhRtsammita upadeza unhIM ke lie saphala hote haiM jo vinayI haiM, vivekI haiN| para aise mAnavoM kI saMkhyA bahuta choTI rahI hai aura Aja ke bhautika yuga meM to yaha sarvathA nagaNya hai / isalie Aja yadi sabase adhika upayogitA hai to kevala kAntAsammita upadeza kI / sambhavata: isI tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara AdaraNIya AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne apane vilakSaNa kAvya 'mUkamATI' kI racanA kI hai| isa kAvya ke svarUpa ke bAre meM yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki yaha eka mahAkAvya hai yA nhiiN| paramparA ke anusAra to use mahAkAvya kahanA ucita pratIta nahIM hotA / kintu isakI prabandhAtmakatA ke AdhAra para ise eka ucca koTi kA kAvya to kahA hI jA sakatA hai| isakI viSayavastu, jaisA pahale saMketa diyA jA cukA hai, pUrNata: AdhyAtmika hai / kavi ke adhyAtmavAda meM viSaya-vAsanA kI nindA (pR. 37, 186), pada- prApti meM abhimAnajanakatA (pR. 434) ke kAraNa asAratA aura bhautika jIvana kI nIrasatA ke suspaSTa parilakSita hone para bhI palAyanavAda kA koI sthAna nahIM hai / kavi spaSTa zabdoM meM kahate haiM : " ati ke binA / iti se sAkSAtkAra sambhava nahIM / aura iti ke binA / atha kA darzana asambhava ! / artha yaha huA ki pIr3A kI ati hI / pIr3A kI iti hai / aura / pIr3A kI iti hI sukha kA atha hai|" (pR. 33) isase nissandeha yaha pratIta hotA hai ki isa saMsAra meM raha kara hI mAnava isakI du:khamayatA kA anubhava karatA huA vaha bodha tattvajJAna prApta kara sakatA hai jisase duHkha kI nivRtti (pR. 297) hotI aura akhaNDa sukha kI prApti hotI hai / yahI mAnava-jIvana kA carama lakSya hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki kavi kI dRSTi meM isa saMsAra ke anubhava isa antarmukha (pR. 109) anubhava kI pUrvapIThikA hai, ata: sAMsArika gatividhiyoM se palAyana karane vAlA mAnava kabhI vaha antardRSTi prApta nahIM kara sakatA jo usake antima lakSya kI sAdhikA ho ske| isI antardRSTi se mAnava svatantra bandhanamukta ho sakatA hai / sambhavataH kavi kI yaha bhAvanA aupaniSada - bhAvanA se prabhAvita ho| isI antardRSTi kI prApti ke lie kavi ne isake sabhI upakaraNoM-paropakAra (pR. 38, 168, 256 Adi), karuNA (pR. 37, 259, Adi), dAna (pR. 354) aura bhakti (pR. 299 Adi) prabhRti lokopakAraka sadguNoM kA yathAvasara pratipAdana kiyA hai| isa vikarma kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai apane upadeza ke upAdAna ke rUpa meM 'mUkamATI' kI upasthApanA / eka kuzala zilpI kumbhakAra apane kalA-kauzala se isa 'mUkamATI' meM aisI cetanA kA saMcAra karatA hai jisake phalasvarUpa sarva maMgalakAraka 'maMgala-kalaza' kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai / isa apUrva kalpanA ke mUla meM kavi kA uddezya prAyaH mATI ko mAtRbhAva kI aura kumbhakAra ko pitRbhAva kI pratimUrti ke rUpa meM citrita karanA hai jisase mAnava-hRdaya meM isa 'vizvambharA' mATI kI akhila santAnoM meM paraspara bhrAtRbhAva kA abhyudaya ho ske| isI kA saMketa kavi ne nizchala sAmyabhAva ke citraNa
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 139 dvArA (pR. 372) pAThakoM ke samakSa kiyA hai jisakI antima pariNati svaccha evaM vAstavika samAjavAda ke rUpa meM nibaddha : "pracAra-prasAra se dUra/prazasta AcAra-vicAra vAloM kA/jIvana hI samAjavAda hai| samAjavAda samAjavAda cillAne mAtra se/samAjavAdI nahIM bnoge|" (pR. 461) saMkSepa meM, mujhe yahI pratIta hotA hai ki kavi kA lakSya isa kRti dvArA samAja ko yahI upadeza denA hai ki vaha mithyAcAra-zUnya hokara vizva-bandhutva kI bhAvanA kA pracAra-prasAra kare / merI dRSTi meM kavi ko isa racanA se apane lakSya kI abhivyakti meM pUrNa saphalatA prApta huI hai| 'mUkamATI' : bhAratIya jJAna ke vivekapUrNa pakSa kA udghATana DaoN. indu prakAza pANDeya AbhArI hU~ ki Apa ne mujhe isa yogya samajhA ki maiM vidvAn digambara jaina santa AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI muni dvArA racita mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' para kucha likhU / pustaka ke milane para maiMne isakA pArAyaNa kiyA aura do bAra zrI lakSmI candra jaina kA 'prastavana' par3hA / isa pustaka para isase acchI samAlocanA koI aura kara sakegA, isameM mujhe sandeha hai| isa mahAkAvya ke pArAyaNa se kisI bhI vyakti ko sadAcAra aura garimAmaya mAnavIya jIvana vyatIta karane kI preraNA milegI aura bhAratIya saMskRti para AsthA paidA hogii| yaha racanA atyanta zikSAprada hai aura pAThaka ko bhAratIya jJAna ke vivekapUrNa pakSa se avagata karAtI hai / hamAre deza ke zatAbdiyoM ke ucca cintana aura manana ko isameM prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se prastuta kiyA gayA hai / aisA cintana kAvya aura mahAkAvya kI sAhityika koTiyoM se Upara uTha jAtA hai / nirdhArita kalAtmaka sImAoM se pRthak hokara yaha kAvya mAnavIya maryAdAoM ko ujAgara karatA hai / yaha mahAkAvya sAhityika AlocanA kA viSaya nahIM, vivekapUrNa evaM udAtta jIvana kI AlocanA kA viSaya hai / astu, maiM isa pustaka ke adhyayana ke uparAnta munivara ko samasta vinamratA ke sAtha aisI divya racanA ke lie praNAma karatA huuN| mAzA --masAegI, cInalA
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________________ 'mUkamATI' kI zabda - sAdhanA pro. (DaoN.) gaNeza prasAda 'mUkamATI' Adhunika hindI kAvyajagat kI apUrva kRti hai / santa kavi AcArya vidyAsAgara ne isa kRti ke mAdhyama se vizva-mAnavatA ko zAnti, ahiMsA aura ananta Ananda kA mArga dikhAyA hai / samyak darzana, samyak jJAna tathA samyak cAritra ke 'tri-ratna' ke AdhAra para mAnava apane karma - bandhanoM kA kSaya kara mokSa kI prApti kara sakatA hai / satya, ahiMsA, asteya, aparigraha aura saccaritratA ke AcaraNa ke sAtha samyak darzana aura samyak jJAna ke sahayoga se mAnava apanI AtmA ko bhautika bandhanoM se mukta kara mokSa kI prApti karate hue ananta sukha, ananta darzana, ananta jJAna aura ananta vIrya kI prApti karane meM saphala hotA hai / Aja bhautikatA kI anapekSita mahattA ne mAnava jIvana ko hiMsaka, nirmama, krUra, svArthI, saMkIrNa, avivekI aura azAnta banA diyA hai / mAnava apane lakSya se bhaTaka gayA hai / AcArya vidyAsAgara ne digbhrAnta, pathabhraSTa tathA jar3atAcchanna mAnava ko 'mUkamATI' ke kAvyAdhyAtma se satpatha kI ora pravRtta karane kA mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke kAvya aura adhyAtma ke AnupAtika dugdha-zarkarA-sammilana ne sahRdayoM meM ananta sukha kA svAdAnubhava jAgarita karane kI dizA meM prazaMsanIya kArya kiyA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM kAvya ke pravAha meM darzana hai ki darzana ke pravAha meM kAvya yA phira kAvya aura darzana kA saMgItamaya pravAha-- isa tathya ke samyak parIkSaNa kA AdhAra isa kAvya kI zabda-sAdhanA ko banAyA jA sakatA hai| sAdhanA se soe hue zabda jagate haiM, khoe hue artha zabdoM meM vApasa Ate haiM, AzAtIta artha usa mantrita zabda meM a~gar3AI lene lagate haiM aura pAramparika ekapraNAlIya bojha se bujhe hue-se zabda-sAdhanA ke jAdU se puna: camaka uThate haiN| kavi ke ahaM se baddha hokara zabda-sAdhanA kevala cauMdha paidA karatI hai / kavi kA ahaM jaba 'vizva ahaM' banatA hai, to zabda - sAdhanA madhumaya dIpti bana jAtI hai jisameM bhAgavata dhvani kI pavitratA aura AdhyAtmika abhivyakti kI saMgItamaya vistRti hotI hai / prastuta mahAn kRti meM AcArya vidyAsAgara kI zabda - sAdhanA cauMdha kI zabda-sAdhanA nahIM hai, apUrva dIpti kI zabda-sAdhanA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina darzana para likhI isa mahAkRti meM kahIM bhI kAvya para darzana kA atikramaNa bhA nahIM hotA / darzana ko racanAtmaka stara taka pahu~cAne meM AcAryazrI kI zabda-sAdhanA mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA kA nirvAha karatI hai / AcArya vidyAsAgara kI zabda - sAdhanA nimnalikhita bhUmikAoM meM parilakSita hotI hai : (1) zabda - vyutpatti ke krama meM unhoMne dArzanika jaTilatA ko kAvyAtmakatA aura preSaNIyatA pradAna kI hai : O O "dharatI zabda kA bhI bhAva / viloma rUpa se yahI nikalatA haidharatI tIra dha/ yAnI, / jo tIra ko dhAraNa karatI hai| yA zaraNAgata ko/ tIra para dharatI hai / vahI dharatI kahalAtI hai / aura suno ! / 'dha' ke sthAna para / 'tha' ke prayoga se / tIratha banatA hai zaraNAgata ko tAre so tIratha !" (pR. 452) " kumbha kI artha-kriyA / jala-dhAraNa hI to hai / aura suno ! svayaM dharaNI zabda hI / viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai ki dharaNI NIradha/ nIra ko dhAraNa kare so dharaNI nIra kA pAlana kare so dharaNI !" (pR. 453) ..
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 141 (2) niruktoM ke mAdhyama se anveSita darzana ko racanAtmaka svarUpa pradAna kiyA gayA hai / 'saradAra' zabda ko kavi ne 'saradAra' banAyA hai / 'saradAra' kA artha huA (sara) buddhi (dAra) vAlA / " vaha sara - dAra kA jIvana / asara - dAra kahA~ rahA ? aba saralatA kA AsAra bhI nahIM, / tana meM, mana meM, cetana meM / " (pR. 380 ) (3) zabdoM kA AlaMkArika prayoga kAvya ko vizadatA tathA ramaNIyatA pradAna karatA hai : "mA~ kI A~khoM meM mata dekho / aura / aparAdhI nahIM bano / aparA 'dhI' bano, 'parAdhI' nahIM / parAdhIna nahIM/ parantu / aparAdhIna bano !" (pR. 477) (4) zabdoM kA vidagdhatApUrNa viniyoga arthavyaMjanA ko vistRta karatA hai : "bhukti kI hI nahIM, / mukti kI bhI / cAha nahIM hai isa ghaTa meM vAha-vAha kI paravAha nahIM hai / prazaMsA ke kSaNa meM / dAha ke pravAha meM avagAha karU~ / parantu, / Aha kI taraMga bhI kabhI nahIM uThe / isa ghaTa meM saMkaTa meN|" (pR. 284) cihnita zabdoM meM dhvani kI taraMgAyita gati para arthoM kA bhAra hai / (5) pratIkoM aura bimboM kI sRSTi meM AcAryajI kI zabda - sAdhanA apratima hai : " aura dekho nA ! / mA~ kI udAratA- paropakAritA / apane vakSasthala para yugoM-yugoM se cira se / dugdha se bhare / do kalaza le khar3I hai kSudhA tRSA- pIr3ita / zizuoM kA pAlana karatI rahatI hai / aura bhayabhItoM ko, sukha se rItoM ko/gupacupa hRdaya se cipakA letI hai pucakAratI huI / " (pR. 476) (6) AcAryajI ke dvArA prayukta zabda vyaMjanA kI aneka sambhAvanAoM ke dvAra kholate haiM / (7) jIvana-satya aura anubhUta yathArtha ko sUtrAtmaka rUpa meM prastuta kara AcAryajI ne apanI zabda - sAdhanA kI pravINatA pradarzita kI hai| (8) AcAryajI ne jIvanAnubhava ko vaiyaktika se nirvaiyaktika, kSudra kAla-khaNDa se kAlAtIta aura saMkIrNa sthala se vistIrNa sArvadezikatA pradAna kI hai| isameM inakI zabda - sAdhanA ne inakI bharapUra sahAyatA kI hai / (9) kavivara vidyAsAgara kI zabda - sAdhanA sveTara para ugAe gae phUla kI taraha hai jisase sveTara kI upAdeyatA meM abhivRddhi ho jAtI hai / sveTara zArIrika sukha ke sAtha mAnasika tRpti bhI pradAna karatA hai| " salila kI apekSA / anala ko bA~dhanA kaThina hai / aura anala kI apekSA/anila ko bA~dhanA aura kaThina / / parantu, sanIla ko bA~dhanA to / sambhava hI nahIM hai / " (pR. 472) AcAryajI ke vaicArika kathya zabdoM kI upayukta vinyasti ke kAraNa hI mastiSka kI rekhA pAra kara hRdaya kI sImA meM praveza kara jAte haiM /
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________________ 142 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA (10) inake zabda zAstra se sampRkta hokara bhI zAstrIya nahIM, kAvyIya haiM, kyoMki inhoMne zAstra meM AtmAnubhava kA tAralya samAviSTa kiyA hai :. "parIkSA ke bAda / pariNAma nikalatA hI hai / parAzrita - anusvAra, yAnI bindu - mAtra varNa - jIvana ko / tumane UrdhvagAmI UrdhvamukhI / jo svAzrita visarga kiyA, / so / sRjanazIla jIvana kA antima sarga huaa|" (pR. 483) (11) jIvana ke mArmika pakSoM ko udghATita karane meM inake zabda sarvathA samartha haiN| (12) zabda aura artha ApasI dvandva kI antima sImA para abhivyakti ke lie eka-dUsare para samarpita hokara Apasa meM sandhi karate haiM--zabda vijayI ho jAtA hai aura artha aparAjita raha jAtA hai / (13) akSara-akSara meM zabdatva kI anugU~ja paidA karane tathA usa zabdatva meM arthatattva kI anekAnta sAmarthya bharane meM inakA koI jor3a nahIM / (14) inakI zabda-sAdhanA sampUrNa kAvya - sAdhanA kA paryAya hai| (15) inake zabda-viniyoga kA cAturya kahIM bhI preSaNIyatA ko avaruddha nahIM karatA / (16) zabdoM kA navIna vyAkaraNIya prayoga tathA brajabhASA ke avyayoM ke prayoga se bhASA meM apUrva mArdava kI sRSTi huI hai : "sarva-prathama cAva se / taTa kA svAgata svIkArate hue kumbha ne taTa kA cumbana liyA / / taTa meM jhAga kA jAga hai|" (pR. 479) 'jAga' meM jAgarita hone kA bhAva hai / yaha navIna prayoga hai / isI prakAra : O "ghaTa meM jaba lauM prANa / DaTa kara pratikAra hogA isakA / " (pR. 470 ) (17) dezaja zabdoM aura muhAvaroM kA sarasa camatkArika prayoga kara AcAryajI ne artha meM sAMskRtika suvAsa adhiSThita kI hai / isase kAvyAtmaka sRjanazIlatA kI abhivRddhi huI hai| (18) zabda-krIr3A se bhAvAnubhUti kI preSaNIyatA ko prAyaH Thesa nahIM pahu~cI hai| hA~, yaha avazya huA hai ki kahIM-kahIM zabda-krIr3A ne kavi ko apane jAla meM isa taraha pha~sAyA hai ki usase ubarane ke lie kavi ko kAfI mehanata karanI par3I hai| phalasvarUpa kAvya meM gAmbhIrya ke sthAna para nIrasa vistAra kA samAveza ho gayA hai / tailIya jvalana ke sthAna para tailIya gandha ke Agama ne inakI isa mahAn kRti meM kahIM-kahIM kAvyAtmakatA ke mArga meM ar3acaneM DAlI haiN| para, aise sthala bahuta kama haiN| yaha sampUrNa mahAkAvya tailIya jalana aura UrjA kA mahAkAvya hai, tailIya gandhapUrNa anAvazyaka vistAra kA nahIM / kahanA nahIM hogA ki yaha saba AcAryajI kI zabda - sAdhanA kA hI pariNAma hai| (19) Adhunika bodha se inhoMne apane zabdoM ko vicAra pravaNatA aura rasavattA pradAna kI hai : " bhIr3a kI pITha para baiThakara / kyA satya kI yAtrA hogI aba ! nahIM nahIM, kabhI nahIM / " (pR. 470 )
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 143 0 "aba dhana-saMgraha nahIM,/jana-saMgraha karo !/aura/lobha ke vazIbhUta ho aMdhAdhundha saMkalita kA/samucita vitaraNa karo/anyathA dhanahInoM meM/corI ke bhAva jAgate haiM/jAge haiN| corI mata karo, corI mata karo/yaha kahanA kevala dharma kA nATaka hai/uparila sabhyatA "upacAra !" (pR. 467) __ "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda/zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI dharatI yh|" (pR. 441) (20) yaha AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI kAvya-sAdhanA (zabda-sAdhanA) kA hI pariNAma hai ki inhoMne 'dRSTi' ko svAdya banAyA hai : "rAvaNa ne sItA kA haraNa kiyA thA/taba sItA ne kahA thA : yadi maiM /itanI rUpavatI nahIM hotI/rAvaNa kA mana kaluSita nahIM hotA aura isa/rUpa-lAvaNya ke lAbha meM/merA hI karmodaya kAraNa hai,/yaha jo karma-bandhana huA hai/mere hI zubhAzubha pariNAmoM se ! aisI dazA meM rAvaNa ko hI /doSI ghoSita karanA apane bhaviSya-bhAla ko/aura dUSita karanA hai|"(pR. 468-469) (21) mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI zabda-sAdhanA para mahAn Azcarya taba hotA hai jaba hameM yaha patA calatA hai ki inhone akSara-akSara meM zabda kI artha-jhaMkAra anveSita kI haiM, zabda-zabda meM abhivyakti kI tAna DhU~r3hI hai aura vAkya-vAkya meM pUre jIvana-darzana ko samAhita kiyA hai| inakI vyutpattiparaka evaM niruktiparaka kAvyAtmakatA meM isa tathya ko bhalIbhA~ti dekhA jA sakatA hai| - kucha avyAkaraNIya zabda-prayoga kahIM-kahIM avazya khaTakate haiN| pR. 439 para 'mUsalAdhAra'ko 'mUsaladhAra' honA cAhie, pR.438 para 'tAmasatA' kI jagaha 'tamasa' honA cAhie tathA pR. 482-483 'sajanazIla' ke sthAna para 'sRjanazIla' honA caahie| (22) zabda-prayogoM ke vizleSaNa se isa niSkarSa para pahu~catA hU~ ki AcAryajI pahale kavi haiM aura bAda meM snt| abhivyakti ke stara para maiM jaba 'mUkamATI' kI samIkSA karatA hU~, to AcAryajI pahale dArzanika ke rUpa meM Ate haiM aura bAda meM kavi ke rUpa meM / jaba maiM 'mUkamATI' kA samagra adhyayana karatA hU~ to AcAryajI dArzanika-santa kavi ke rUpa meM hamArI pratiSThA ke adhikArI hote haiN| AcAryajI kI dRSTi kavitA ke sahAre sahRdayoM taka pahu~catI hai aura inakI kavitA dRSTi ke sahAre sahRdayoM ko Andolita karatI hai / isake pIche inakI zabda-sAdhanA kA aparihArya sahayoga hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : eka santa kI kAvya yAtrA prAcArya narendra prakAza jaina AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI eka utkRSTa santa to haiM hI, eka kuzala kavi, vaktA aura vicAraka bhI haiN| unakI aneka kRtiyA~ prakAza meM A cukI haiN| unameM se AcArya kundakunda Adi jainAcAryoM ke kucha prasiddha granthoM ke hindI padyAnuvAda tathA kucha pravacana saMkalana kAphI carcita aura lokapriya hue haiN| 'narmadA kA narama kaMkara, 'DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI, 'totA kyoM rotA ?' Adi aba taka ke unake prakAzita kavitA saMkalana haiM / yaha adhunAtana kRti 'mUkamATI' unakI adyatana kAvya yAtrA kA eka svarNima par3Ava hai / kAvyaruci aura sAhityAnurAga unheM virAsata meM milA hai| unake dIkSA guru AcAryazrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja svayaM eka medhAvI kavi the / unake dvArA racita 'vIrodaya', 'dayodaya', 'jayodaya' Adi kAvyagranthoM ne jaina saMskRta sAhitya ko samRddha kiyA hai / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara ke kaNTha meM bhI sarasvatI kA nivAsa hai / ise guru kA varadAna kaheM yA pUrvapuNyodaya ki jisake prabhAva se unake bolane, gunagunAne tathA yahA~ taka ki calane aura uThane-baiThane meM bhI eka laya anusyUta hai / laya kA kavitA ke sAtha aTUTa riztA hai / chanda yA kavitA vahI saphala hai, jo laya se niyantrita ho / to koI bhI likha sakatA hai kintu kavitA likhanA sabake vaza kI bAta nahIM hai| isake lie cAhie vizeSa zabda-saMyojana-kuzalatA, kalpanAzIlatA, pANDitya aura pratibhA kA ekarasa yoga / isa kRti meM aise yoga kA sarvottama upayoga dikhAI detA hai| meM 'mUkamATI' ko eka mahAkAvya kI saMjJA dI gaI hai / sambhava hai ki mahAkAvya ke zAstrIya lakSaNoM kA nirvAha isameM nahIM huA ho kintu AhlAdajanaka amRta ke samAna aviveka rUpa roga kA apahAraka hone se isake kAvyatattva zaMkA ke lie koI sthAna nahIM hai / mahAkAvya kA AdhAra prAyaH prathamAnuyoga hotA hai arthAt usakI kathAvastu kisI mahApuruSa ke caritra se sambaddha honI caahie| isameM kisI yugapuruSa kA jIvana vRttAnta to nahIM hai kintu yuga satya (mAnavIya jIvana-mUlyoM evaM guNa sampadA) se sAkSAtkAra avazya hotA hai| isakA phalaka bahuta vistRta hai, jo lagabhaga 500 pRSThoM meM phailA huA hai tathA sampUrNa kRti cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai / vidvAn 'prastavana' lekhaka zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ke zabdoM meM : " parimANa kI dRSTi se to yaha grantha mahAkAvya kI sImAoM ko chUtA hI hai / " "trivargaphalasandarbhaM mahAkAvyaM tadiSyate" (AdipurANa - jainAcArya zrI jinasena svAmI, 1 / 99 ) ke anusAra isameM dharma, artha, kAmarUpa trivarga kA varNana hone se bhI isa kRti ko mahAkAvya mAnA jA sakatA hai / dharma-darzana kA eka sarvamAnya siddhAnta hai ki hara prANI meM utthAna - patana kI ananta sambhAvanAe~ chipI rahatI haiN| bIja meM vRkSa kI bhA~ti kSudra meM virAT arthAt AtmA meM paramAtmA ke darzana karane vAlA kavi hI sahI arthoM meM "jahA~ na pahu~ce ravi, vahA~ pahu~ce kavi" kI kahAvata ko caritArtha karatA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM bhI mATI ko pratIka banAkara AtmA se paramAtmA banane kI apUrva aura azrutapUrva kalA kA mArmika kathana kiyA gayA hai| jisa taraha miTTI meM maMgala ghaTa banane kI yogyatA rahatI hai, usI taraha hara AtmA meM bhI paramAtmA banane kI sambhAvanA nihita hai kintu maMgala ghaTa kA AkAra pAne se pahale miTTI ko kaThora sAdhanA ke mArga se guz2aranA par3atA hai| TIle meM vaha azuddha dazA meM sthita rahatI hai| usameM vijAtIya tattva kaMkara Adi mile rahate haiM / azuddhi nivAraNa kI prArambhika bhUmikA meM use kumbhakAra kI sahAyatA kI apekSA rahatI hai| vaha use khodatA, chAnatA hai aura usameM se kaMkaroM ko alaga karatA hai| itane para bhI miTTI ko svarUpa kI prApti nahIM hotii| isake lie use pAnI meM bhIgane, gUMdhe/masale jAne, cAka
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 145 para car3hane, avA kI Aga meM tapane Adi kI tIvra vyathAoM meM se hokara guz2aranA hotA hai| jaba ina sArI pratikUlatAoM meM bhI miTTI apane sahaja samatAbhAva se cyuta nahIM hotI, taba usameM zItala jaladhAraNa kI yogyatA prakaTa hotI hai aura usakA jIvana ho uThatA hai saphala/ sArthaka usa dina, jisa dina vaha nagara seTha ke hAthoM AhAra caryA ke lie padhAre munirAja ke pAda- prakSAlana tathA tRSA-tRpti meM nimitta banatA hai / isa prakAra ghaTa kI vikAsa kathA ke mAdhyama se santa kavi ne bhavasAgara se pAra hone kI sampUrNa prakriyA ko hI zabdAyita kiyA hai / 'prastavana' meM prastuta kRti ko 'Adhunika bhAratIya sAhitya kI eka ullekhanIya upalabdhi' tathA 'Adhunika jIvana kA abhinava zAstra' nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| yaha ThIka hI hai| upalabdhi to isa artha meM ki adhyAtma ke tAne-bAne para itanI ramya aura rocaka racanA isake pUrva dekhane meM nahIM AI tathA zAstra isa artha meM ki isameM jaina darzana ke mUla tattvoM kA rasAtmaka citraNa evaM nimitta aura upAdAna, niyati aura puruSArtha, pApa aura puNya, sRSTi kartRtva aura kArya-kAraNavyavasthA jaisI gutthiyoM kA sahaja samAdhAna prastuta huA hai / kavi ne sarvatra puruSArtha para jora diyA hai tathA usake anusAra puruSArtha kA phala hai jJAna-cetanA kA nirmala honA / jJAna kI nirmalatA kA svarUpa ina paMktiyoM meM kitane sahaja rUpa se vyakta huA hai : pUrI kRti meM aise sUtra sarvatra bikhare par3e haiN| zabdAlaMkAra aura arthAlaMkAroM kI chaTA to yatra-tatra dekhate hI banatI hai / kavi kA ukti - vaicitrya to kamAla kA hai / zabdoM para usakI pakar3a kitanI gaharI hai, isakA paricaya pAne ke lie mAtra do-cAra saMkSiptatama uddharaNa prastuta haiM : kAmanA : rasanA : AdamI nArI : gadahA : "jJAna kA padArtha kI ora / Dhulaka jAnA hI / parama Arta pIr3A hai, aura/ jJAna meM padArthoM kA / jhalaka AnA hI / paramArtha krIr3A hai / " (pR. 124) : "yahI merI kAmanA hai/ki / basa isa ghaTa meM / kAma nA rahe !" (pR. 77) "mukha se bAhara nikalI hai rasanA / thor3I-sI ulaTI-palaTI, kucha kaha rahI - sI lagatI hai - / bhautika jIvana meM rasa nA !" (pR. 180) "saMyama ke binA AdamI nahIM / yAnI / AdamI vahI hai jo yathA - yogya / sahI AdamI hai / " (pR. 64) 66 '... nArI / yAnI - / 'na ari' nArI.. athavA / ye ArI nahIM haiM / sonArI / " (pR. 202) "gada kA artha hai roga / hA kA artha hai hAraka/ maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA banU~ ... basa, / aura kucha vAMchA nahIM / gada - hA gadahA !" (pR. 40 ) 'mUkamATI' meM aise udAharaNa par3e haiN| zabdoM kI viloma zakti kA bhI kavi vizeSajJa hai / 'kharA' meM se 'rAkha', 'rAhI' meM se 'hIrA', 'yAda' meM se 'dayA', 'lAbha' meM se 'bhalA' Adi kucha aise hI namUne haiM / Aja kI sAmAjika viSamatA/vidrUpatA bhI kavi kI kalama se achUtI nahIM raha sakI hai / usakA spaSTa udghoSa "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda / zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI dharatI yaha / " (pR. 441 )
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________________ 146 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA AtaMkavAda ke nivAraNa ke upAya tathA bahuvizruta samAjavAda kI vyAkhyA se kavi kI samIcIna dRSTi kA paricaya milatA hai / bar3hatI huI dhana-saMgraha kI havasa para bhI karArI coTa karate hue andhAdhundha saMkalita kA samucita vitaraNa kie jAne kI preraNA dI gaI hai / vaivAhika vikRtiyA~ bhI usakI nigAha se ojhala nahIM haiN| daheja lolupoM dvArA pANigrahaNa ko prANa-grahaNa kA rUpa dene para kheda vyakta kiyA gayA hai / santa-samAgama se saMsAra kA anta mAnane vAle manISI ko bar3hate hue sAdhu zithilAcAra ko dekha kara yaha likhane ke lie vivaza honA par3A hai : . "koSa ke zramaNa bahuta bAra mile haiM/hoza ke zramaNa hote virale hii|" (pR. 361) 0 "nAma-dhArI santa kI upAsanA se/saMsAra kA anta ho nahIM sktaa|" (pR.363) sampUrNa kRti zAnta rasa se siMcita hai / nava rasoM kI maulika paribhASAe~ adbhuta haiN| vIra, hAsya aura zRMgAra rasa kI vyAkhyAe~ par3hakara kavi-prajJA para Azcarya-sA hotA hai| karuNa rasa ko vaha jIvana kA prANa, vAtsalya ko jIvana kA trANa tathA zAnta rasa ko jIvana kA gAna mAnatA hai aura anta meM pAThakoM ko isa niSkarSa para pahu~cAtA hai ki saba rasoM kA anta honA hI zAnta rasa hai tathA rasoM meM vaha rasa-rAja evaM rasa-pAka hai| 'mUkamATI' AtmA kA saMgIta hai / sahaja, zuddha, caitanya ke upAsakoM ko ise avazya par3hanA caahie| santrAsa, tanAva aura kleza se mukti pAne ke lie kathanI aura karanI ke antara ko miTAnA hogaa| isake lie 'mUkamATI' mUka hokara bhI mukhara hai / aise bodhagamya evaM kalAtmaka prakAzana ke lie bhAratIya jJAnapITha badhAI kI pAtra hai| [sampAdaka- 'jaina gaz2aTa' (sAptAhika), lakhanaU-uttarapradeza, 26 janavarI, 1989 ] lajjAke baTa meM batI.sI kumudinI prabhAkara ke kara khuvana se bacanA cAratI hai varaH
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : samajha aura AcaraNa kI kavitA pro. bI. vai. lalitAmbA maiMne idhara kucha dinoM se 'mUkamATI' kA bar3e cAva se adhyayana kiyA hai / isa kAvya ko maiMne bAra-bAra par3hA hai, eka aisA AkarSaNa aura sammohana isa racanA meM pAyA hai ki apane Apa yaha par3hI jAtI hai / eka prakAra kA anUThA kAvya 'mUkamATI' mAtra kAvya nahIM, eka mahAkAvya hai, jisakA kAraNa yaha hai ki yaha miTTI para jIne vAle mAnavoM ko eka mUka sandeza detI hai| koI bhI mAnava isa Adarza ke vRtta se achUtA nahIM hotaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki isa kRti kI vizeSatA hai ki isa kAvya kI dhArA meM koI mRttikA pAtra nAyaka yA nAyikA banakara prastuta nahIM hotA, kisI ke jIvana kI koI kahAnI AdhAra nahIM banatI / athAha sAgara ke pravAha meM laharoM ke bIca se uThane vAle anaginata jIvoM kI taraha isa saMsAra kA hara jIva parokSa rUpa se isakA pAtra banatA hai| isa prakAra 'mUkamATI' pAtra rahita evaM binA kathAvastu ke pravAhita hone vAlA eka rasapUrNa kAvya hai / magara phira bhI isameM eka Atmika saMvAda nirantara saMcAlita hai jo dharA, mATI, zilpakAra evaM machalI ke pratIkoM meM pratibimbita hai| prakRti ke AvaraNa meM yaha saMvAda AvRta hai| koI bhI alaukikatA isake sAtha jur3I nahIM hai, na hI koI kahAnI hai / magara kAvya kI saritA isa pUre kAvya meM jharatI hai| bhAratIya kAvyazAstra ke siddhAntoM para koI siddhAntI chAtra 'mUkamATI' ko lekara carcA nahIM kara sakatA / vaha isalie ki 'mUkamATI' apane uddezyoM ke kAraNa eka saMketAtmaka racanA hai / eka udAsIna jaina muni kI racanA hai jisameM kRti kA isa saMsAra se lagAva jIva mAtra ke vyaktitva ke uddhAra ke prati hai / eka Adarza kI AzA isakI sarahada meM hai| aura yaha Adarza vyaktitva nirmANa ke lie hai, eka sukhI aura zuddha jagat ko banAne ke lie hai| Adarza kI kalpanA sAdhAraNatayA thothI kalpanA hotI hai jisa kAraNa yaha siddhAntoM ke stara para dikhAvA banakara asaphala hotI hai, vahIM 'mUkamATI' mUka hokara bhI jIvana ko banAne kI ora agrasara hotI hai / eka mAnasika sAdhanA para yahA~ bala diyA gayA hai jo manuSya ko eka dRr3ha vyaktitva pradAna karatI hai| 'mUkamATI' kI eka aura vizeSatA yaha hai ki yaha eka sAdhaka kI sAdhanA se paripUrita phala hai jisameM asambhAvya kI paribhASA nahIM ho sktii| sAtha hI kisI jAti yA dharma vizeSa ke lie isameM koI sImita sandeza nahIM, apitu mAnava mAtra ke lie eka AcAra saMhitA hai jo isa kAvya ko sAmAnya kI koTi se mahAnatA ke zikhara para pahu~cAtI hai / yahI kAraNa hai 'mUkamATI' kA kalevara sAMketika aura cintanA se pUrNa zIrSakoM meM Abaddha hai| sampUrNa kAvya cAra viziSTa khaNDoM meM saMyojita hai- 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha'; 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM'; 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana'; 'agni-parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' / ina zIrSakoM meM hama jIvana kI mAnasika avasthA ke cAra staroM ke bhI darzana kara sakate haiN| antima stara, mAnasika paripakvatA kA hai jise kavi ne sArthaka zabdoM meM cA~dI-sI rAkha meM agni-parIkSA ke mAdhyama se sambodhita kiyA hai| ___ Arambha kA khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' hai / sUryodaya aura candramA ke vilaya ke dRzya varNana ke sAtha 'mUkamATI' kA zubhArambha huA hai / bhAnu apanI mA~ kI mArdava goda meM leTA hai aura karavaTeM le rahA hai| prakRti ke dainaMdina dRzya ke cintana meM pAThaka sarAbora hokara jaise hI Age bar3hatA hai- maiM yahA~ para dhyAna dilAnA cAhatI hU~ ki kavi kisa prakAra prakRti ke jIvoM ko prakRti ke sAtha jor3ate hue eka ekAtma valaya meM pAThaka ko pirote haiM- tathA janma ke sAtha
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________________ 148 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA jur3ane vAle svabhAva, usake AkAra evaM vikRti ke vinAza kA vizleSaNa sahaja rUpa se karate hue Age bar3hate haiN| candramA ke ojhala hone ke sAtha rAtri bItatI hai, kumudinI murajhAtI hai, sUryodaya ke sAtha kamalinI vikasita hotI hai / puruSa evaM prakRti ke milana meM bhAratIya sAMskRtika pariveza aura samAja-racanA kA AvaraNa-jisameM sva-para kI kalpanA kA eka sundara dRzya prastuta hotA hai-kavi isameM eka mAnasika kriyA IrSyA' ke janma kI ora izArA karate haiM aura parokSa rUpa se hI sahI, usa para vijaya pAne ko prerita karate haiM : "iO para vijaya prApta karanA/saba ke vaza kI bAta nhiiN|" (pR.2) kavi isa sambandha meM apane zabda bhaNDAra kA pUrI mAtrA meM upayoga bhI karate haiM / sUrya ke aneka nAma jo usake vibhinna sandarbho se aura kSaNoM se jur3e haiM, spaSTa ho uThate haiM- jisa 'bhAnu' ko zizu ke rUpa meM sambodhita kiyA, vahI 'prabhAkara' bana apane kara-chuvana se kumudinI ko banda karate haiM, tArikAe~ usI 'divAkara' kI A~khoM se bacakara nikalatI bhAratIyatA ke AvaraNa meM bAlAe~ abhI taka abalAe~ haiN| kavi ke zabdoM meM "abalA bAlAyeM/...apane patideva/candramA ke pIche-pIche ho/chupI jA rhiiN|" (pR. 2) / isa dRzya ko kavi prakRti kI kriyA meM samAhita hote hue pAte haiN| isa prakAra bhAratIya saMskRti ke itihAsa kI vikAsadhArA kI lakIra khIMcate hue usakI pRSThabhUmi meM apane kAvya kA Arambha karate haiN| merA tAtparya hai ki sarvaprathama 'mUkamATI' eka bhAratIyatA kA kAvya hai| isa sandarbha meM kavi ke dvArA prayukta bhASA ke sambandha meM bhI do bAteM kahanA ucita hogaa| sAMskRtika kAvya hone se saMskRta kI zabdAvalI kA AdhAra lene ke bAda bhI kavi sAmAnyajana taka apanA sandeza pahu~cAne hetu jana-jIvana se jur3e zabda mATI, kumbhakAra Adi ko apanAte haiN| eka prakAra se saMskRta, hindI yA janabhASA kA sAmaMjasya yahA~ hai / kAvyazailI to mukta-pravahiNI hai hii| kavi ke dvArA die gae zIrSaka para bhI yahA~ thor3I-sI carcA kara lenA ThIka hogaa| kavi ke anusAra : "varNa kA Azaya/na raMga se hai/na hI aMga se/varan/cAla-caraNa, DhaMga se hai| yAnI!/jise apanAyA hai/use/jisane apanAyA hai/usake anurUpa apane guNa-dharma-/"rUpa-svarUpa ko/parivartita karanA hogA varanA/varNa-saMkara-doSa ko/varanA hogA !" (pR. 47-48) sambhava hai pAThaka isa anurUpatA kA vyatirekI artha grahaNa kreN| ata: kavi ise Age bar3hakara aura spaSTa karate "nIra kI jAti nyArI hai/kSIra kI jAti nyArI,/donoM ke parasa-rasa-raMga bhI/paraspara nire-nire haiM/aura/yaha sarva-vidita hai, phira bhI/yathA-vidhi, yathA-nidhi/kSIra meM nIra milAte hI nIra kSIra bana jAtA hai|" (pR. 48) unake anusAra : "nIra kA kSIra bananA hI/varNa-lAbha hai,/varadAna hai| aura/kSIra kA phaTa jAnA hI/varNa-saMkara hai/abhizApa hai
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 149 isase yahI phalita huA,/alaM vistareNa !" (pR. 49) yahA~ saba rUpa meM 'alaM vistareNa' kArya pravRtta hai| vyakti yA jIva ke dRSTi vikAsa aura vyaktitva vistAra ke lie eka mArgadarzana hai| __kavi isa bIca samAja kI rIti, nItiyoM ko kaI bAra sparza karate haiN| samAja meM loga paraspara girAte aura padadalita karate haiN| isake sAtha vyakti svayaM hInabhAvanA ke kAraNa tar3apatA hai / mATI ke mAdhyama se kavi kahate haiM : "svayaM patitA hU~/aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se, ''adhama pApiyoM se/pada-dalitA hU~ mA~ ! sukha-muktA hU~/duHkha-yuktA hU~ tiraskRta tyaktA hU~ mA~ !/isakI pIr3A avyaktA hai|" (pR. 4) kavi samAja ke isa stara bheda ko dUra karane ke prati cintita haiM / mATI pUchatI hai : "isa paryAya kI/iti kaba hogI ?/isa kAyA kI/cyuti kaba hogI ? batA do, mA~ ise !/isakA jIvana yaha/unnata hogA, yA nahIM ?" (pR. 5) isa prazna para sAdhaka kA vizvAsa aTala hai / sattA kI zAzvatatA para usakI pUrI zraddhA hai / dharA kahatI hai'sattA zAzvata hotI hai, usakI gandha kA anupAna karanA hogA / vahI jaladhArA jo ujalI-ujalI bAdaloM se jharatI hai, dharA-dhUla meM A dhUmila ho, dala-dala meM badala jAtI hai| isIlie kavi saMgati ke mahattva para jora dete haiN| vahI jaladhArA jo nIma kI jar3oM meM jAkara kaTutA meM DhalatI hai, sAgara meM jAkara lavaNAkara kahalAtI hai, viSadhara ke mu~ha meM jAkara hAlA meM DhalatI hai aura sAgarIya zuktikA meM girI, yadi svAti kA kAla ho, muktikA bana kara jhilamilAtI hai|' saMgati aura kAla yA kSaNa donoM ke mahattva ko kavi svIkAra karate haiN| isI prakAra ve kahate haiM : "jaisI saMgati milatI hai/vaisI mati hotI hai mati jaisI, agrima gati/milatI jAtI "milatI jAtI.. aura yahI huA hai/yugoM-yugoM se/bhavoM-bhavoM se !" (pR. 8) yuga aura bhava kA uccAraNa karate samaya spaSTa hI kavi kA sAdhanA ke sat pariNAmoM ke prati eka adamanIya vizvAsa jhalakatA hai aura usase pAThaka yA jIva ko eka sat preraNA prApta hotI hai / kavi ke zabdoM meM hI uddharaNa dene para : ".."jIvana kA/AsthA se vAstA hone para/rAstA svayaM zAstA hokara sambodhita karatA sAdhaka ko/sAthI bana sAtha detA hai / " (pR. 9) pariNAma yaha hotA hai- "sArthaka jIvana meM taba/svarAtIta saragama jharatI hai|" vAstava meM dekhA jAe to laghutama nAma kI koI cIz2a nahIM hotii| sAdhanA kA mahattva hai aura sAdhanA meM prabhu ko gurutama mAnanA z2arUrI hai| satya kyA hai - "asatya kI sahI pahacAna hai|" jar3a majabUta ho tabhI to cUla para phUla khilegA aura yaha sudIrghakAlIna parizrama kA phala hotA hai| 'mUkamATI' kI eka aura vizeSatA hai ki usameM na koI kathA-pravAha hai, na hI kathAtmaka udAharaNa / bhAratIya
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________________ 150 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kAvyazAstra kI dhArA meM eka AdhikArika evaM prAsaMgika kathA sAmagrI anivArya rUpa se prakaTa hotI hai / yahA~ para 'mUkamATI' meM eka mahAkAvyAtmaka dhArA hai, eka vaicArika Agraha hai, eka anubhava sahaja yA anubhava prApta Adarza kA tathya hai| __ kavi sAdhanA ke mahattva para jora dete haiN| usase prApta hone vAle pariNAma kA ina zabdoM meM citraNa huA hai : "mIThe dahI se hI nahIM,/khaTTe se bhI/samucita manthana ho/navanIta kA lAbha avazya hotA hai" (pR. 13-14) / / sampreSaNa kI saphalatA para kavi kA dRr3ha vizvAsa hai / ve use sadbhAvoM kI paudha puSTa -sampuSTa karane vAlI mAnate haiM, jisake lie ahiMsaka pagatalI ko Avazyaka mAnate haiM / unakA akhaNDa vizvAsa hai : "saMgharSamaya jIvana kA/upasaMhAra/niyama rUpa se/harSamaya hotA hai|" (pR.14) kavi ko apanI bhASA para pUrA adhikAra hai jisase ve zabda saMcAlana kA pUrA-pUrA sadupayoga karate haiM / uktipratyukti tathA akSara-sAmya-pratyukti zailI kA sampUrNa kAvya meM saphala rUpa se prayoga karate haiN| isase sAmAnya zrotA evaM pAThaka bhI 'mUkamATI' ke sandeza ko sahaja rUpa se grahaNa karatA hai tathA sAdhanA se jur3atA hai / pAtroM ke sAMketika svarUpa ke cayana ke sandarbha meM eka bAra phira yahA~ para ullekha karanA sArthaka hogaa| _ 'kumbhakAra' yA zilpI kI kalpanA kA svarUpa dekhie- 'kuM' yAnI dharatI/aura/'bha' yAnI bhAgya-/yahA~ para jo/bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho/kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai" (pR. 28) / Arambhika avasthA meM oMkAra ko namana karane se usake ahaMkAra kA vamana vahIM para ho jAtA hai| 'mATI' dayA-mamatA kI mUrti hai / apane Upara par3ane vAle prahAra vaha khuzI-khuzI se saha letI hai aura borI meM bhare jAne para dulhana-sI zaramAtI huI jhA~katI hai| miTTI ke mAdhyama se pIr3A kI sahaja mAnyatA manuSya jIvana meM prApta hotI hai aura paraduHkha-kAtaratA kA mahattva bhI spaSTa hotA hai| "pIr3A kI ati hI/pIr3A kI iti hai aura pIr3A kI iti hI/sukha kA atha hai|" (pR. 33) borI kI ragar3a se gadhe kI pITha chila jAtI hai| usameM bhArI miTTI apane ko nimitta kAraNa mAnakara duHkhI hotI hai| vaha isalie : "hRdaya-vatI A~khoM meM/divasa ho yA tamas/cetanA kA jIvana hI jhalaka AtA hai,/bhale hI vaha jIvana/dayA rahita ho/yA dayA shit|/aur dayA kA honA hI/jIva-vijJAna kA/samyak paricaya hai / " (pR. 37) dayA ke prati logoM kI ekAnta dhAraNA hai / ata: isakA niSedha karate hue kavi karuNA kI zreSThatA ko ujAgara karate haiN| 'mUkamATI' se svayaM sphUrta ho nimna paMktiyA~ nikalatI haiM : "dayA-karuNA niravadhi hai/karuNA kA kendra vaha/saMvedana dharmA'cetana hai pIyUSa kA ketana hai |/krunnaa kI karNikA se/avirala jharatI hai samatA kI saurabha-sugandha;/aisI sthiti meM/kauna kahatA hai/ki karuNA kA vAsanA se sambandha hai !" (pR. 39)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 151 kavi sAmAjika jIvana darzana ko prastuta karate hue eka sAmAjika sahaja samatA kI bhAvanA ke udbhAva kI ora pAThaka ko isa prakAra prerita karate haiM tathA karuNA ke sAtha vAsanA ke sambandha ko inakAra karake saMsAra ke zreSTha manovaijJAnika vicArakoM ko bhI isa sambandha meM dubArA cintana karane ke lie cunautI karate haiM / 'varNa' kI jar3a mAnava samAja meM itanI majabUta hai ki hama mAnavIyatA se kaI bAra dUra ho jAte haiM / 'mUkamATI' kA zilpI 'sama-varNa-saMkara' ko pratiSThApita karatA hai / usake anusAra vyAvahArika jIvana meM varNa kA matalaba : "varNa kA Azaya / na raMga se hai / na hI aMga se / varan cAla-caraNa, DhaMga se hai / " (pR. 47) dhyAna dene kI bAta yaha hai' sahaja zabdoM se eka mahattvapUrNa tathya kA udghATana yAnI lie AcaraNa kI zuddhatA kA dvAra khola diyA gayA hai| isa jagat meM kaMkar3a jaise kaThora vyakti se milApa nahIM hotA, jaise : sukhI samAja ko dekhane ke hote haiM, jinakA miTTI " dUsaroM kA duHkha-darda / dekhakara bhI / nahIM A sakatA kabhI jise pasInA / hai aisA tumhArA / sInA !" (pR. 50 ) usako mATI se prApta Adarza isa prakAra hai : "laghutA kA tyajana hI / gurutA kA yajana hI / zubha kA sRjana hai|" (pR. 51) kavi aura sAhityakAra sAdhAraNatayA kathAvAcaka hote haiM / kathA kA mAdhyama grahaNa karate hue satyuga kI kalpanA meM le jAkara pAThaka ko atIta ke satya- sundara - zivamaya jagat meM Aja ke yuga kA darzana karAtA hai| kathana krama meM eka atIta kI sambhAvyatA aura vartamAna ke yathArtha kI tulanAtmakatA evaM bhaviSya ke Adarza kI sambhAvyatA kI kar3I jur3atI hai| mahAkAvya kI dhArA meM isI ko Arambha, madhya tathA anta ke caukhaTa meM parakhA jAtA hai / isI kAraNa prAya: bhAratIya prAcIna kAvyadhArA meM hameM AkarSita karane vAle dhIrodAtta, dhIra lalita aura dhIra zAnta nAyaka dikhAI dete haiM / tadanusAra nAyikAe~, upanAyaka Adi ke darzana hote haiM, sandhiyA~ hotI haiM, pradeza bheda ke anusAra rItiyA~ hotI haiM / jIvana ke usa bRhad darzana meM prAsaMgika kathAvarNana Ate evaM tirohita hote haiM / aThAraha adhyAyoM kI bRhad maMjarI hotI hai / 'mUkamATI' meM ye saba kucha nahIM haiN| pAtra mUrtimAn nahIM haiN| samAja ke kisI varga ke vaha pratinidhi nahIM haiM / dharA, miTTI aura usako gar3hane vAlA kumbhakAra zabdoM ke cayana ke AdhAra para ve strI liMgI aura pulliMgI haiM, magara AcaraNa aura vyavahAra donoM ke lie samAna haiN| sadAcaraNa kA mahattva hai / kathA-pravAha kA kyA kaheM ? kathA hai nahIM, magara jIvana kI dhArA aura yahA~ ke vyavahAroM kI satyatA se inakAra bhI nahIM hai / usake phalasvarUpa pariNAmoM para dhyAna dete hue sadAcaraNa ko sambala denA cAhie / 'mahAkAvya' ke ATha/aThAraha adhyAya evaM bandha 'mUkamATI' meM Apako kahIM nahIM milate / kavi kA apanA mukta chanda hai jo hindI kI naI kavitA kI zailI meM banatA jAtA hai| adhyAya sAMketika haiN| hara adhyAya kA zIrSaka hai aura zIrSaka meM arthagarbhita tathya hai / yaha samajha aura AcaraNa kI kavitA hai / ata: jIvana ke cAra Azrama aura avasthAoM kI taraha pUrA kAvya-bandha cAra khaNDoM meM ba~TA hai| kavi prakRti kI sandhivelA se kAvya kA Arambha karate haiM aura sampreSaNa ke lie Avazyaka ahiMsAtmaka tattvoM
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________________ 152 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kA svAgata karate haiM, jisase praNIta 'navanIta' ko hama yahA~ para kAvyazAstra kI sandhi ke rUpa meM dekha sakate haiN| 'sAdhanA eva tapa:' aura usake pariNAma kI ora izArA 'mUkamATI' kI AtmA hai, dekhie : " rAhI bananA hI to / hIrA bananA hai, / svayaM rAhI zabda hI viloma - rUpa se kaha rahA hai / rAhI hI rA aura / itanA kaThora bananA hogA / ki tana aura mana ko / tapa kI Aga meM / tapA-tapA kara jalA-jalA kara/rAkha karanA hogA / " (pR. 57) ahaM kA vilayana z2arUrI hai : " rAkha bane binA / kharA - darzana kahA~ ?" (pR. 57) zilpI jIva ko yA kaheM miTTI ko gar3hane vAlA hai| isa kAyA ko Upara uThAnA Avazyaka hai| isa tattva ko kUpa kI gaharAI meM tirane kI bhAvanA rakhane vAlI machalI ke pratIka se prakaTa karate haiM / kAyA kI chAyA machalI para par3atI hai aura : " usakI mAnasa- sthiti bhI / UrdhvamukhI ho AI, / parantu / uparila - kAyA taka merI kAyA yaha/kaise uTha sakegI / yahI cintA hai machalI ko !" (pR.66) yahA~ para kavi jaina darzana kA yathAtathya Adarza prastuta karate haiM : 66 'dhammo dayA- visuddho' / yahI eka mAtra hai/ azaraNoM kI zaraNa !" (pR.71) prakRti vijJAna ke vizeSajJa jise 'phuDa cena - AhAra dhArA' kahakara pahacAnate haiM, sAMsArikatA meM usake svarUpa ko dekhakara kavi kA mana du:khI hotA hai| yahA~ para choTI machalI ko bar3I machalI sAbUta nigalatI hai| isako uddezita kara vaha spaSTa zabdoM meM kahate haiM : " sahadharmI sajAti meM hI / vaira vaimanaska bhAva / paraspara dekhe jAte haiM ! zvAna zvAna ko dekha kara hI / nAkhUnoM se dharatI ko khodatA huA gurrAtA hai burI taraha !" (pR.71) saMsAra kI bagulAI ko dekhakara machalI kaha uThatI hai : "prabhu-stuti meM tatpara / surIlI bA~surI bhI / bA~sa bana pITa sakatI hai prabhu-patha para calane vAloM ko / / samaya kI balihArI hai !" (pR.73) machalI ko bAlaTI meM utaranA hai| magara usakI kAmanA hai ki AgAmI chorahIna kAla meM isa ghaTa meM kAma na rhe| vaha cAhatI hai ki usakI zubha yAtrA kA prayojana yahI ho ki sAmya-samatA hI usakA bhojana ho, bhAvanA sadoditAsadollasA ho / dAnava kA zarIra dharakara mAnava ke mana para hiMsA kA prabhAva na ho| dhyAna se grahaNa karane kI bAta hai ki icchAoM kI machalI sat ke sAtha hI jur3ane kI preraNA detI hai aura sAtha hI vistRta arthavAle mAnava zabda ke sAtha kavi apanatva jatAkara icchA karate haiM ki usa para hiMsA kA prabhAva na ho /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 153 'mUkamATI' kAvya ke Adyanta vistRta rUpa se AvRta isa prakAra ke kucha mAnavavAdI tattva haiM, jo use sAmAnya kAvya kI zreNI se uThAkara mahAnatA kI pITha para pratiSThApita karate haiM aura use par3hane ko aura samajhane ko maz2abUra karate Urdhvagati meM jAne vAlI, patana-pAtAla se utthAna-uttAla kI ora agrasara machalI miTTI ke caraNoM para A giratI hai| vahA~ para kavi kI prajJA yaha prazna karatI hai ki kyA sacamuca mAnavatA pUrNata: marI hai ? nimna avataraNa meM usase sambandhita aMza ko dekhA jA sakatA hai : "yahA~ para isa yuga se/yaha lekhanI pUchatI hai/ki/kyA isa samaya mAnavatA pUrNata: marI hai ?/kyA yahA~ para dAnavatA/A ubharI hai...? laga rahA hai ki/mAnavatA se dAnavattA/kahIM calI gaI hai ?/aura phira dAnavatA meM dAnavattA/palI hI kaba thI vaha ?" (pR. 81-82) ina zabdoM ko kahate samaya kavi bar3e AzAvAdI hokara naz2ara Ate haiN| bhAratIya saMskRti kA Adarza vAkya 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' para unakA vizvAsa umar3a par3atA hai| magara vaha sAtha-sAtha yaha bhI kahate haiM ki aba vaha sulabha nahIM rahA, usakA svarUpa aba parivartita ho cukA hai, usakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai / "vasu yAnI dhana-dravya/dhA yAnI dhAraNa karanA/Aja dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai/dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kA" (pR. 82) / _vyApArI pravRtti meM phaMsakara andhadRSTi panapAne vAle manuSya ko sat kI khoja meM pravRtta karanA hI kavi kA uddezya hai| isI kAraNa yugoM kI AcaraNa mUlaka vyAkhyA bhI 'mUkamATI' meM prApta hotI hai / kavi kahate haiM : "sat-yuga ho yA kaliyuga/bAharI nahIM/bhItarI ghaTanA hai vaha sat kI khoja meM lagI dRSTi hI/sat-yuga hai beTA !/aura asat-viSayoM meM DUbI/A-pAda-kaNTha/sat ko asat mAnane vAlI dRSTi svayaM kaliyuga hai, beTA!" (pR. 83) anta meM kavi kA Adeza hai : "apane jIvana-kAla meM/chalI machaliyoM-se/chalI nahIM bananA viSayoM kI laharoM meM/bhUla kara bhI/mata calI bananA ?" (pR. 87) isa prakAra 'mUkamATI' ko usake antaHsattva ke kAraNa use mahAkAvyAtmaka rUpa prApta hotA hai / isa sandarbha meM mujhe dasavIM zatAbdI ke kannar3a bhASA ke jainI kavi pampa ke zabda smaraNa ho Ate haiM- "mAnava jAti tAnoMda kulam"mAnava mAtra kI eka mAtra jAti hai| ata: kisI jAti yA dharma kI sImA meM sImita na hokara mAnava dharma ke AcaraNa kA eka dArzanika mahAkAvya banA hai 'muukmaattii'| ma bAladarI.... upayogakInata....
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________________ 'mUkamATI': Adhunika hindI sAhitya kA 'vi'lakSaNa mahAkAvya ___DaoN. vijaya dvivedI digambara jaina muni AcArya vidyAsAgara viracita 'mUkamATI' Adhunika hindI sAhitya kA eka 'vi'lakSaNa mahAkAvya hai / vilakSaNa se merA matalaba yahA~ 'viziSTa lakSaNa' aura 'binA lakSaNa'- donoM se hai / isa mahAkAvya meM 'bhAratIya kAvya zAstra' meM parigaNita 'mahAkAvya' ke sabhI lakSaNa yathAvat nahIM pAe jAte haiN| tathApi yaha bhI nahIM kahate banatA hai ki isameM ve haiM hI nhiiN| bhAratIya AcAryoM meM mahAkAvya kI paribhASA nizcita karane vAle prAcInatama AcArya bhAmaha ne 'sargabaddho mahAkAvyaM mahatAM ca mahacca yat' ke AdhAra para mahAkAvya ke jina tattvoM kI pahacAna kAyama kI hai, ve ye haiM- (1) sarga baddhatA, (2) AkAra kA bar3A honA, (3) prastuti-vidhAna kI utkRSTatA, (4) mahAn caritra aura vijayI nAyaka kA samAveza, (5) jIvana ke vividha rUpoM, avasthAoM, ghaTanAoM Adi kA citraNa, (6) nATaka kI sandhiyA~, avasthAe~ Adi kA honA, (7) kathAnaka aura prabhAva kI anviti evaM (8) Rddhi mttaa| paravartI AcAryoM jaise daNDI,rudraTa, hemacandra, kavirAja vizvanAtha Adi ne apane se pUrvavartI sabhI ke matoM kA samAhAra karake mahAkAvya ke lie nimnokta tattvoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai- kathAnaka, caritra, vastu-vyApAra aura paristhiti, rasa aura bhAva-vyaMjanA, alaukika evaM ati prAkRtika tattva, bhASA, zailI aura uddezya / bhAratIya AcAryoM ke dvArA mahAkAvya kI kI gaI ukta vivecanA ke bAda mahAkAvya ke sambandha meM pAzcAtya vicArakoM kI mAnyatAoM para bhI eka naz2ara DAla lenA anucita na hogaa| 'di buka oNpha epika' ke lekhaka ne ThIka hI likhA hai : "saMsAra meM jitane rASTra aura kavi haiM, mahAkAvya kI utanI hI paribhASAe~ haiM aura mahAkAvya-racanA ke utane hI niyama haiN|" taba bhI samanvayAtmaka dRSTi se pAzcAtya samIkSA ke kSetra meM mahAkAvya hetu nimna tattvoM kA pAyA jAnA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai : 1. mahat uddezya, mahat preraNA aura mahAn kAvya prtibhaa| 2. gurutva aura gaambhiiry| 3. yugIna jIvana aura saMskRti kA mahat kAryoM ke pariprekSya meM citraNa / 4. sasaMgaThita aura jIvanta kathAnaka / 5. gauravamayI udAtta zailI, prabhAvAnvita rasa-yojanA aura gatizIla jIvana-zakti tathA praannvttaa| mahAkAvya ke sambandha meM bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya vicArakoM ke vicAroM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki bhAratIya AcAryoM ne mahAkAvya ke bAharI svarUpa aura zailI para vizeSa dhyAna diyA hai, jabaki pazcimI vicArakoM ne antarmukhI dRSTi apanAI hai aura kathAnaka, nAyaka, rasAdi para vizeSa dhyAna nahIM diyA hai| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya hai, isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai / ata: isake mUlyAMkana meM donoM kA (bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya) kA samanvaya Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai / eka dUsarI bAta yaha bhI hai ki yaha mahAkAvya paramparita na hokara nitya nUtanatA lie hue tathA aneka dRSTiyoM se vilakSaNa-vicakSaNa evaM apane pariveza se zakti, jIvana se anubhava, yuga se jIvantatA tathA adhyAtma se AdhAra-bhUmi grahaNa kie hue hai| isameM sarvatobhAvena mahat' tattva kI pratiSThA huI hai| isameM bhASA-zailI, bhAva, uddezya, citraNa evaM vivaraNa-sabhI kucha bhavya, udAtta evaM gaurava garimA se maNDita hai / ataH 'mUkamATI' ke mahAkAvyatva para vistAra se vicAra karane se pahale isake kAvyatva kA vivecana karanA anucita na hogaa| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya Adhunika bhAratIya sAhitya kI eka ullekhanIya kAvya kRti hai / vedoM meM kavi ko 'paramezvara' aura dRzyamAn jagat ko 'kAvya' kahA gayA hai| kavirmanISI paribhUH svayambhUH' (IzAvAsyopaniSad /8)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 155 kaha kara jahA~ kavi kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai, vahIM na pazya mama pazya mamAra kAvyam' ke dvArA jagat ko parama pitA kI racanA hone kA bhI saMketa diyA gayA hai| bhArata ke prAcIna manISiyoM ne apane-apane dRSTikoNoM se kAvya ko paribhASA meM bA~dhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, parantu kAvya ko kisI vizeSa paribhASA meM Abaddha nahIM kiyA jA sakA hai / kAvya na to 'zabdArthoM sahitau' (bhAmaha) hai aura na 'vAkyaM rasAtmakam' (vishvnaath)| kAvya vastuta: karuNA ke vistAra hetu vANI kA vaha viziSTa vidhAna hai jisameM udAtta saMvedanAe~ tathA rasamaya bhAvAnubhUtiyA~ hotI haiM, jo mana ko Ananda kI sImA taka le jAtI haiN| mahAkavi bhavabhUti ne 'karuNA' ko hI kAvya kI pahalI anivAryatA svIkAra kI hai- 'eko rasa: karuNa eva nimittabhedAt / ' 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM Adi se anta taka karuNA-prema-satya aura ahiMsA kI dhArAe~ pravAhita huI haiN| inameM bhI sabase ullekhanIya hai-karuNA / yahI isa mahAkAvya kA mUlAdhAra bhI hai aura upajIvya bhii| paramparAvAdI rasa zAstriyoM ke lie 'mUkamATI' karuNa rasa pradhAna mahAkAvya hai, jisameM anya rasa AnuSaMgika haiN| isa para AgAmI pRSThoM meM vicAra hogaa| isa samaya prasaMga karuNA kA hai| pazcimI vicAraka 'pleTo' ke samaya meM eka bAra yaha vivAda uThA thA ki kyA kAvya samAja yA vyakti ke naitika tathA AdhyAtmika jIvana ko bala pradAna kara sakatA hai ? pleTo kAvya ko isI kasauTI para kasatA thA / vaha kavitA ko anukaraNa tathA kaviyoM ko yaza aura kIrti ke lie pAThakoM kI vAsanAoM ko uttejita kara unmAdagrasta prakRti kA cayana karane vAlA kahatA thaa| usakI bAtoM meM kitanI saccAI thI, isakI gavAhI Aja kA sAhitya svayaM de rahA hai / pleTo ke kAvya sambandhI AkSepoM kA javAba dene ke lie arastU ne 'poiTiksa' nAmaka grantha likhaa| isake anusAra : "karuNA aura trAsa ke udreka dvArA manovikAroM kA ucita virecana kiyA jA sakatA hai|" arastU ke isa siddhAnta ko 'virecana' kA nAma diyA gayA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke 'mahAkAvyatva' ke prasaMga meM arastU ke virecana aura bhAratIya karuNAvAda kI carcA isalie kI jA rahI hai, kyoMki isa mahAkAvya kI AtmA hI karuNAvatAra hai aura saMvedanAoM kI jananI bhI yahI hai / arastU ke anusAra karuNA ke AsvAda kI samasyA kA samAdhAna virecana aura Ananda dvArA hotA hai / karuNA aura trAsa meM nihita aniSTa bhAvanA ke naSTa hone se hara taraha kI mAnasika zAnti kA anubhava hotA hai / isa mahAkAvya meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki citta kI vizadatA ke do rUpa haiM- bhAvAtmaka aura abhAvAtmaka / prathama ke anusAra mana kI zAnti hI Ananda hai / dUsare ke anusAra duHkhoM kA abhAva hI mana ko zAnti de sakatA hai / arastU kI taraha kavi bhI yaha mAnatA hai ki jIvana karuNAvAda para Azrita hai aura karuNA meM hI Ananda hai / satya kI upalabdhi meM Ananda kA nivAsa hotA hai / Ananda karuNA kA sakArAtmaka rUpa hai| jisa prakAra ananta laharoM ko AtmasAt kie sAgara samAdhistha banA rahatA hai, usI taraha aneka karuNa-madhura anubhUtiyA~ cetanA kI antardhArAe~ banakara pravAhita hotI rahatI haiM / mahAkAvya cAhe zRMgAramUlaka ho yA karuNAmUlaka vaha sahRdaya ke mana ko zRMgAra aura karuNa kI laukika/alaukika anubhUti karAtA hI hai / dekhie : "hA~ ! hA~ !!/adhUrI dayA-karuNA/moha kA aMza nahIM hai/apitu AMzika moha kA dhvaMsa hai|/vaasnaa kI jIvana-paridhi/acetana hai"tana hai dayA-karuNA niravadhi hai/karuNA kA kendra vaha/saMvedana-dharmA'"cetana hai pIyUSa kA ketana hai |/krunnaa kI karNikA se/avirala jharatI hai samatA kI saurabha-sugandha;/aisI sthiti meM/kauna kahatA hai/ki karuNA kA vAsanA se sambandha hai !" (pR. 39)
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________________ 156 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'mUkamATI' eka tattva jJAna sampanna darzana, adhyAtma aura AtmIyatA kA mahAkAvya hai / isameM vicAroM kI pradhAnatA hai, vivaraNa yA vivecana kI nhiiN| manuSya meM vicAra hI vaha zakti hai jo use anya prANiyoM se bhinna karatI hai| vicAraNA hI vaha zakti hai, jo mAnava ko bhautika suvidhAe~ juTAne se lekara mokSa taka kA patha prazasta karatI hai / vicAra kA prathama camatkAra vyakti ko sakriya banAnA, jIvana ke uddezya, svarUpa aura sahI kintu upayogI jAnakArI denA hai| vicAra zakti kA mUlya aura mahattva jisakI samajha meM A jAtA hai, vaha prabhu pradatta isa vibhUti kA upayoga parama lakSya kI prApti ke lie karatA hai / pariNAmasvarUpa usakA apanA sArA jIvana to badala hI jAtA hai, usakA pratyeka kriyAkalApa utkRSTatA aura naitikatA se otaprota ho jAtA hai / yahI mAnava-jIvana kA gaurava aura Ananda hai / vicArazIlatA kA sahArA lekara jInA hI sArthaka mAnA jAtA hai / prastuta mahAkAvya meM kavi vidyAsAgarajI ne vicArazIlatA ke lie"jina-zAsana ke dharmopadeza ko AdhAra banAkara apane mata kI puSTi' ('mAnasa-taraMga' meM) kI hai / isa mata ke anusAra : "zramaNa-saMskRti ke sampoSaka jaina-darzana ne bar3I AsthA ke sAtha Izvara ko parama zraddheya-pUjya ke rUpa meM svIkArA hai, sRSTi-kartA ke rUpa meM nahIM' (vahI, pR. XXIII) / brahmA ko sRSTi kA kartA, viSNu ko sRSTi kA saMrakSaka aura maheza ko sRSTi kA vinAzaka na mAnane vAle jaina dharma ko bhAratIya darzana meM 'nAstika' kahA jAtA hai / ata: kavi kI dharma viSayaka mAnyatAe~ sabake lie grAhya nahIM ho sakatI haiN| kavi ne anAsakta citta se kAvya karuNA kI jo payasvinI pravAhita kI hai, vaha eka sImita varga kI kAvyapipAsA ko hI zAnta kara sakatI hai / ise hama kavi kI majabUrI hI kaha sakate haiM ki samagra mAnava jAti kA hita-sAdhana karane kI sAmarthya evaM pratibhA rakhate hue bhI vaha sAmpradAyika siddhAntoM kI jakar3a se apane ko mukta na kara sakA hai| jahA~ mAnava-saMskRti kA jayagAna karanA cAhie thA, vahA~ usane apanatva se kAma liyaa| ___bhArata meM hI nahIM vizva ke sabhI sampradAyoM meM aise aneka betuke pracalanoM kI bharamAra hai, jinakA viveka kI kasauTI para koI aucitya nahIM hai / tathApi inake matAvalambI purAtana mAnyatAoM meM sudhAra kI bAta kahane taka ko adharma mAnate haiN| Aja kI AvazyakatA hai ki nyAya, aucitya aura viveka kA Azraya liyA jAe aura pUrvAgrahoM, andha-vizvAsoM se apane dRSTikoNa ko mukta rakhA jaae| apane AgrahoM ko Izvara, paigambara, devatAdi kA kathana na batAyA jaae| Aja, hameM svatantra cintana kA Azraya lenA cAhie aura pracalita mata-manAntaroM kI zreSThatA, upayogitA Adi ke cakkara meM na par3a kara naI jIvanadRSTi apanAnI caahie| mujhe ye kahane meM koI saMkoca nahIM hai ki 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM kavi ne bahuta kucha nayA aura alaukika diyA hai, kintu jIvana-dRSTi vahI pA~ca hajAra sAla purAnI rahane dI hai| dharma kA sahI svarUpa adhyAtma hai| dharma ko hI jIvana kA utkRSTa dRSTikoNa kahA jAtA hai / isI ke AdhAra para jo dekhA-jAnA aura anubhava kiyA jAtA hai, sampradAya vAle usI ko sahI mAnakara jur3e rahate haiN| dharma manuSya kI sabase purAnI paramparA hai / usake svarUpa aura siddhAntoM meM jamIna-AsamAna kA antara hote hue bhI una sabhI ke anuyAyI apanI-apanI paramparAoM para itane kaTTara haiM ki unake aucitya aura yathArthatA para puna: vicAra nahIM krte| prastuta mahAkAvya meM kavi vidyAsAgarajI ne 'jaina zAsana ke dharmopadeza ko AdhAra banAkara' apane mata kI puSTi ke lie vANI kI paramAtma pradatta sampadA kA samucita upayoga kiyA hai / vaise jaina matAnusAra Izvara isa sRSTi kA kartA nahIM hai aura use paramAtmA ke aupacArika rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 'mAnasa taraMga' meM kavi ne svIkAra kiyA hai : "kisI bhI kArya kA kartA kauna hai aura kAraNa kauna ?' isa viSaya kA jaba taka bheda nahIM khulatA, taba taka hI yaha saMsArI jIva mohI, apane se bhinnabhUta anukUla padArthoM ke sampAdana-saMrakSaNa meM aura pratikUlatAoM ke parihAra meM dinarAta tatpara rahatA hai|" 'mAnasa taraMga' meM kavi ne kucha ati mahattva ke prazna uThAe haiN| parantu unakA viveka sammata uttara nahIM de sake haiN| jaise azarIrI hokara Izvara asIma sRSTi kI racanA to dUra, choTI-moTI kriyA bhI nahIM kara sakatA ? yadi
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 157 azarIrI paramAtmA ne sRSTi kI racanA nahIM kI to phira yaha kisa zakti athavA sattA kI karAmAta hai ? kyA yaha sRSTi apane-Apa paidA ho gaI aura yadi aisA huA bhI to isake pIche prayojana kyA thA ? AcAryazrI ko bhUtakAla ke anaucitya, vartamAna ke durAgraha aura bhaviSya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara aise upAyoM kI khoja karanI cAhie thI jinase Aja ke vigrahoM ke AdhAra Talate aura saMsAra meM ekatA - samatA evaM aucitya ke dvAra khulate / duHkha kI bAta hai ki Adhunika jagat meM adhyAtma-kSetra kI isa mahatI AvazyakatA kI kavi ne anadekhI kara dI hai / nyAya, aucitya aura viveka kA samucita Azraya na le kara kavi ne pUrvAgrahoM se yukta ho kara apanI dRSTi kI sImA bA~dha dI hai| pariNAmasvarUpa jisa mahAkAvya ko jana-jIvana kA kaNThahAra bananA cAhie thA, vaha kucha galoM kA hAra bana kara zobhA bar3hAne taka sImita ho gayA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke 'prastavana' meM zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ne likhA hai : "yaha prazna uThAnA aprAsaMgika na hogA ki 'mUkamATI' ko mahAkAvya kaheM yA khaNDa kAvya yA mAtra kAvya / mahAkAvya kI paramparAgata paribhASA ke caukhaTe meM jar3anA sambhava nahIM hai|" isa sambandha meM isa samIkSaka kA apanA nijI vicAra hai ki 'mUkamATI' eka kAvya to hai hI, mahAkAvya bhI hai / paramparAgata bhAratIya kAvyazAstriyoM ne 'mahAkAvya' kI jo paribhASA dI hai, unameM se kucha ko chor3a kara adhikatara lakSaNa 'mUkamATI' meM pAe jAte haiM / ina lakSaNoM kI carcA Upara kI gaI hai| yaha eka nAyikA pradhAna mahAkAvya hai / mATI cAhe jitanI bhI tuccha ho, bhAratIya jIvana meM use dharatI mAtA ke rUpa meM mAnyatA dI gaI hai / hindU zAdI-vivAhoM ke avasara para mATI kI pUjA kA pracalana use garimA pradAna karane ke lie hI kI jAtI hai| isa hI nAma vasudhA, vasumatI, vasundharA, ratnagarbhA, dharatI, dharitrI Adi hai| rAma se parityakta hokara sItA ne isI mATI se kahA thA- "bhagavati vasundhare ! dehi me antaram (vivaram ) !" vedoM meM kahA gayA : "dyauH me pitA, pRthvI me mAtA / " ata: mATI tuccha nahIM, mahanIya hai| mATI meM sahana karane kI apUrva kSamatA aura kSamA kI asAdhAraNa zakti hai / kabIradAsa zabdoM meM : 'khoda - khAda dharatI sahe aura se sahA na jAi / " kavivara vidyAsAgara ne mATI kI isI sahanazIlatA meM 'carama tucchatA' kA darzana kiyA hai aura 'carama tucchatA meM' carama bhavyatA ke darzana karake... kavitA ko adhyAtma ke sAtha abheda kI sthiti meM pahu~cAyA hai| mATI kI tucchatA meM carama bhavyatA ko dekhanA kavi kI parama udAttatA kA sUcaka hai| usane ekAdhika sthaloM para isa tuccha mATI ko mahimA maNDita kiyA hai| : 66 *... vaha / dhRti-dhAriNI dharatI / kucha kahane ko AkarSita hotI hai, sammukha mATI kA / AkarSaNa jo rahA hai !" (pR. 7) pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai ki 'mUkamATI' eka nAyikA pradhAna mahAkAvya hai / Adhunika hindI mahAkAvyoM kI paramparA meM do pramukha nAyikA pradhAna mahAkAvya hamAre sAmane haiM - zrI ayodhyA siMha upAdhyAya kRta 'priya pravAsa' aura zrI dinakara racita 'urvazI' / inameM yogirAja aravinda likhita 'sAvitrI' kA ullekha jAnabUjha kara maiMne nahIM kiyA hai, kyoMki vaha mUla rUpa se aMgrejI bhASA meM likhA gayA hai / madhyayugIna sUphI kavi malika mohammada jAyasI racita mahAkAvya ko bhI hama nAyikA pradhAna mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM le sakate haiM / kahane kA matalaba yaha ki bhAratIya mahAkAvyoM kI paramparA meM nAyikA pradhAna mahAkAvyoM kI racanA koI naI paramparA nahIM hai aura na tuccha, kiMvA upekSita pAtroM ko kAvya kA viSaya banAnA hI / Akhira isI zatI meM urmilA, yazodharA, karNa aura ekalavya jaise pAtroM ko mahAkAvya kA viSaya banAyA gayA hai yA nahIM ? phira mATI ko isase vaMcita kyoM rakhA jAya ? 'mUkamATI' meM kavi ne yuga jIvana para vyApaka dRSTi to DAlI hI hai, sAtha hI usane yaha bhI batAyA hai ki Adhunika sampradAya anupayukta ho gae haiM, ata: sabako saba kucha karane kI chUTa nahIM dI jA sktii| aisI chUTa prakArAntara se anIti ko protsAhana detI hai aura jIvana meM upekSApUrNa riktatA paidA karatI hai| isa mahAkAvya meM kavi ne prakArAntara
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________________ 158 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA se yaha sandeza diyA hai ki Adhunika yuga meM eka navIna mAnava-dharma kI saMracanA karanI cAhie aura usakA paripAlana karate rahane ke anurodha ke sAtha hI upekSA karane vAloM ke prati kaThoratA baratanI caahie| tAki : "yahA~ "saba kA sadA/jIvana bane maMgalamaya/chA jAve sukha-chA~va, sabake saba TaleM-/vaha amaMgala-bhAva,/saba kI jIvana latA harita-bharita viha~sita ho/guNa ke phUla vilasita hoN| nAzA kI AzA miTe/AmUla mahaka uThe/"basa / " (pR. 478) 'mUkamATI' ke kavi kA vizvAsa hai ki cintana meM utkRSTatA, cAritra meM AdarzavAditA aura AcaraNa meM satya, ahiMsA tathA sujanatA kA samAveza ho to nae yuga kI AvazyakatA ke anurUpa nae samAja kA svarUpa aura usakI AcArasaMhitA taiyAra kI jA sakatI hai aura jana-jana se usakA pAlana karAyA jA sakatA hai| bar3hate hue buddhivAda aura vijJAna ne duniyA ko sImita kara diyA hai / adhyAtma kI manamAnI khIMcatAna ne saMsAra meM viSamatA aura vibhedoM kI bharamAra kara dI hai| yaha vyavasthA aba adhika dinoM taka nahIM cala sakatI hai| aba hameM ekatA aura samatA kI nIti calAnI hogI tathA eka deza, eka bhASA, eka dharma, eka darzana ko apanAkara calanA hogA / vivekazIlatA ke dhanI kavi ne apane cintana meM isI vizvAsa ko bala diyA hai : "sara ke bala para kyoM cala rahA hai,/Aja kA mAnava ? isa ke caraNa acala ho cuke haiM mA~ !/Adima brahmA Adima tIrthaMkara AdinAtha se pradarzita patha kA/Aja abhAva nahIM hai mA~ !/parantu, usa pAvana patha para/dUba uga AI hai khUba!/varSA ke kAraNa nahIM, cAritra se dUra raha kara/kevala kathanI meM karuNA rasa ghola dharmAmRta-varSA karane vAloM kI/bhIr3a ke kAraNa !" (pR. 151-152) 'kAmAyanI' kI taraha 'mUkamATI' kA Arambha bhI 'virAT' cintana se huA hai| 'kAmAyanI' meM 'himagiri ke uttuMga zikhara' para baiThA 'eka puruSa' bhIge nayanoM se ananta jala rAzi ko dekha rahA hai, jabaki 'mUkamATI' meM "sImAtIta zUnya meM/nIlimA bichAI,/aura "idhara "nIce/nirI nIravatA chAI" (pR. 1) hai| kavi ne isa mahAkAvya meM prAkRtika pariveza ko to mahAkAvya kI garimA ke anurUpa rakhA hI hai, prakRti ke anya upAdAnoM jaise cA~da, pavana, surabhi, kamala, kumudinI, vana, parvata, saritAdi kA bhI vistRta kintu rUpakAzrita citraNa kiyA hai / yaha sArA paridRzya eka bindu para Akara bhUlabhUta dArzanika prazna para kendrita ho jAtA hai : "isa paryAya kI/iti kaba hogI ?/...batA do, mA~"ise! ...pada do, patha do/pAtheya bhI do mA~ !" (pR. 5) eka vilakSaNa mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM 'mUkamATI' kA sandeza yaha hai ki apane ko uThAnA yA girAnA mAnava ke apane hAtha kI bAta hai / satya, ahiMsA, prema, karuNA, sAhasa, utsAha, parAkrama aura nizcita vizvAsa ke AdhAra para manuSya U~cA uTha sakatA hai / isake viparIta ukta guNoM se rahita, hIna bhAvanAoM se grasta, du:kha, nirAzA, udvignatA, avizvAsa aura AzaMkAoM se ghire vyakti bhautika unnati karake bhI Atmika patana kI ora agrasara hote jAte haiN| karuNA aura prema, dayA aura dAna se vyakti Antarika ullAsa kA, zAnti aura sukha kA anubhava karatA hai / kavi kI mAnyatA hai
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 159 ki vyakti apane doSapUrNa cintana-manana aura vikRta manaHsthiti ke kAraNa apanI jIvanI-zakti kA kSaraNa karatA hai, pratibhA evaM sRjanAtmaka zakti kA vinAza karatA hai : "jise apanAyA hai/ use / jisane apanAyA hai / usake anurUpa apane guNa - dharma - / ... rUpa-svarUpa ko / parivartita karanA hogA varanA / varNa saMkara- doSa ko / ... varanA hogA !" (pR. 47-48 ) prastuta mahAkAvya cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai / khaNDa- eka kA nAmakaraNa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' diyA gayA hai| isI taraha khaNDa - do 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM '; khaNDa-tIna 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' tathA khaNDa - cAra 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' hai / khaNDoM ke isa taraha ke nAmakaraNa kI vyAkhyA karanA kisI anya mAvalambI ke lie kaThina kAma hai / suprasiddha vidvAn zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ne inakI vivecanA 'prastavana' meM kI hai / 'mUkamATI' ke khaNDa vibhAjana, nAmakaraNa aura kathAnaka ko le kara kaI rocaka aura mahattvapUrNa savAla paidA ho sakate haiN| masalana yaha kumbhakAra kauna hai aura vaha kumbha kA nirmANa kyoM karanA cAhatA hai ? 'mAnasa - taraMga' meM santa kavi ne jo mudde uThAe haiM unameM na to usane yaha batAyA hai ki yaha kumbhakAra ( racayitA, nirmAtA yA karttA ) kyA hai ? kahA~ se AyA racanA kA kAma karatA hI kyoM hai ? yaha paramAtmA yA Izvara to hai nahIM, kyoMki jaina saMskRti Izvara ko sRSTikarttA ke rUpa pahale hI nakAra cukI hai| zramaNa saMskRti ne avatAravAda aura devavAda ko bhI deza nikAlA de diyA hai| taba, savAla yaha paidA hotA hai ki jaina dharma sRSTi ke mUlabhUta tattvoM ke utpanna hone ke viSaya meM kyA kahatA hai ? vedoM ke anusAra AtmAparamAtmA aura prakRti - ye tInoM anAdi tattva haiM, ajanmA aura svayaM svAdhIna haiN| jaina mata vedoM kI ukta mAnyatA ko bhI svIkAra nahIM karatA / kavi ke zabdoM meM : "brahmA ko sRSTi kA karttA, viSNu ko sRSTi kA saMrakSaka aura maheza ko sRSTi kA vinAzaka mAnanA mithyA hai, isa mAnyatA ko chor3anA hI AstikatA hai / astu / aise hI kucha mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana hetu isa kRti kA sRjana huA hai aura yaha vaha sRjana hai jisakA sAttvika sAnnidhya pAkara rAgAtireka se bharapUra zRMgAra rasa ke jIvana meM bhI vairAgya kA ubhAra AtA hai" ('mAnasa-taraMga', pR. XXIV) / ukta mUlabhUta siddhAnta, sampradAya vizeSa se, unakI bhAvanAoM evaM jIvana-mUlyoM se sambandhita haiN| ata: inakI samIkSA na karanA hI ucita hogA / 'mUkamATI' vastutaH eka pratIkAtmaka evaM rUpakAzrita mahAkAvya hai / kavi kA hI nahIM, bhAratIya manISA kA bhI mAnanA hai ki jaba se hamane vijJAna ke pratyakSavAda ko hI saba kucha mAnanA zurU kara diyA hai, taba se samAja kI saMracanA meM bahuta badalAva A gayA hai / vijJAna ne sRSTi ke saMcAlana ke pIche kisI samartha sattA ke astitva ko asvIkAra karake jahA~ andhavizvAsoM aura kurItiyoM ke unmUlana meM mahat yogadAna kiyA hai, vahIM anIzvaravAdIbhogavAdiyoM ko bhI z2arUrata se adhika samAja ke sira para thopa diyA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa pUre vizva meM eka arAjakatAAtaMkavAdI samAja paidA ho gayA hai| yaha anaitika, anAcAra evaM atyAcAriyoM kA samAja hai| zrI Ara. DyUbsa ne apanI racanA 'so hyUmana eja enImala' meM ThIka hI likhA hai : " arAjakatA ko samApta karane ke lie hameM Izvara aura manuSya ke bIca puna: vahI sambandha sthApita karanA par3egA, jo prAcIna kAla meM thA aura jise kabhI saMsAra kI sarvopari sattA ke rUpaM meM svIkAra kiyA gayA thA / " kavi vidyAsAgara ke pAsa isa samasyA kA samAdhAna kSamAdAna aura hRdaya parivartana hai : " seTha kA itanA kahanA hI / paryApta thA, ki / saMkoca saMzaya samApta huA dala kA aura/ DUbatI huI nAva se / dala kUda par3A dhAra meM / ... AtaMkavAda kA anta aura/ anantavAda kA zrIgaNeza !" (pR. 477-478)
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________________ na eka-eka 160 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA adhyAtma aura AtmikI kiMvA bhautikavAdI vicAraNA se Upara uThakara eka vizuddha kAvya grantha ke rUpa meM vicAra karane para 'mUkamATI' meM apUrva kAvyagata vizeSatAe~ dikhAI par3atI haiN| kAvya meM eka sthUla kathAnaka ke jarie kavi ne apane samUce yuga aura yugIna jIvana ke vyApaka pakSoM para vicAra kara DAlA hai| vicAra karane kI kavi kI apanI vilakSaNa zailI hai| isake lie kavi ne yA to vyutpatti zAstra kA gahana adhyayana kiyA hai athavA ekAkSara koza' kA sahArA liyA hai| kucha udAharaNa dekhie : 0 "sva kI yAda hI/sva-dayA hai/viloma-rUpa se bhI __ yahI artha nikalatA hai/yAda "da "yaa"|" (pR. 38) . " 'sva' yAnI apanA/'' yAnI pAlana-saMrakSaNa/aura 'na' yAnI nahIM, jo nija-bhAva kA rakSaNa nahIM kara sakatA vaha auroM ko kyA sahayoga degA ?" (pR. 295) 0 "gada kA artha hai roga/hA kA artha hai hAraka/maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA banUM "basa,/aura kucha vAMchA nahIM/gada-hA "gadahA!" (pR. 40) eka kAvya ke rUpa meM 'mUkamATI' kI mahAnatA niHsandeha hai| isameM na kevala alaMkAroM ko nayA rUpa-rasa-gandha diyA gayA hai, vahIM isa mahAkAvya kA eka-eka zabda anta:kI sadabhAvanA se zaddha-pata hokara nikalA hai| ina eka zabdoM ke sAtha parivrAjaka muni kavi ke na jAne kitane jIvanAnubhava ota-prota haiM, na jAne kitanI karuNA kI dhArAe~ isa karuNAvatAra kI vANI meM samAhita huI haiM-isakI ginatI vahI kara sakatA hai jo satya-ahiMsA-prema ke patha para naMge pA~va calA ho evaM anAsakta yogI-sA jIvana jiyA ho / santa kavi ne sAhityakAra hone kA adhikAra bhI usI ko diyA hai, jo 'zAzvata sAhitya' ko 'sArthaka jIvana kA sraSTA' mAnakara 'zAnti kA zvAsa letA' hai / santa kavi ne sAhitya ko paribhASita hI nahIM kiyA hai, use do bhAgoM meM vibhakta bhI kiyA hai- 1. zAzvata 2. sama-sAmayika / sAhitya ke bAre meM kavi kA kahanA hai : "zilpI ke zilpaka-sA~ce meM/sAhitya zabda DhalatA-sA ! hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai/aura sahita kA bhAva ho/sAhitya bAnA hai,/artha yaha huA ki jisa ke avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava - sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai|" (pR. 110-111) santa kavi kI sAhitya viSayaka mAnyatA meM dhyAna dene kI bAta yaha hai ki usane sAhitya ko sukha kA sAdhaka mAnA hai, Ananda kA nahIM / jabaki jIvanta sAhitya ko par3hane vAlA 'phaTA mAthA' vAlA 'kA~TA' Ananda kA anubhava karatA hai : "kAntA-samAgama se bhI/kaI gunA adhika Ananda anubhava karatA hai/phaTA mAtha hokara bhii|" (pR. 111) 'prAsaMgika sAhitya viSaya para' kavi ke vicAra unhIM ke zabdoM meM avalokanIya haiM :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 161 "lekhanI ke dhanI lekhaka se/aura/pravacana-kalA-kuzala se bhI kaI gunA adhika/sAhityika rasa ko/AtmasAt karatA hai zraddhA se abhibhUta zrotA vh|" (pR. 112-113) sAhitya hI kyoM, jIvana aura jagat kA aisA koI sandarbha nahIM bacA hai jisa para kavi ne apanI bebAka lekhanI calA kara bahumUlya 'sUktiyA~' na pradAna kI hoM / ise kahAvatoM kA koza kahanA bhI anucita na hogaa| 'mUkamATI' kI kavitAoM meM laya, pravAha, chanda, zabda aura dhvani saMyojanA sahaja, svAbhAvika evaM antaH kI gaharAI se nikalI haiN| isIlie isa kAvya meM sabhI staroM para ati sahaja bhAva se sAdhAraNIkaraNa hotA calatA hai / tukAntatA aura AvRtti kI pravRtti isa kAvya meM sarvatra dikhAI par3atI hai| kavi ke AkarSaNa kA mukhya kendra zabda hai / zabdabodha kA sAdhaka hai / zabda ke binA bodha sambhava nahIM hotA : "bodha ke siMcana binA/zabdoM ke paudhe ye kabhI lahalahAte nahIM, yaha bhI satya hai ki/zabdoM ke paudhoM para/sugandha makaranda-bhare bodha ke phUla kabhI mahakate nhiiN|" (pR. 106-107) dhyAna dene kI bAta yaha hai ki vyavahAra jagat kA kaNa-kaNa pratIkoM se bharA hai / zabda svayaM meM bhAva-saMvedanAoM ke pratIka haiN| pratIkoM ko haTAne kA matalaba hai-vyavahAra-zUnyatA / vyAkaraNa zAstra, zabda zAstra, pada-vAkya vijJAnAdi bhASA ke sAre avayava evaM vijJAna jo hameM kisI tathya kA bodha karAte haiM, saba pratIka hI to haiN| 'mUkamATI' meM kalAtmaka evaM nUtana arthoM se sajAe gae zabda anekAneka bhAvanAoM ko barabasa pighalA kara bhAva-binduoM ke rUpa meM svata: sthira ho uThe haiM / zabda bodha hai aura bodha hI zodha hai : "bodha kA phUla jaba/DhalatA-badalatA, jisameM vaha pakva phala hI to/zodha kahalAtA hai / " (pR. 107) 'mUkamATI' sarvatobhAvena pratibhA se paripUrita mahAkAvya hai / mAnava meM jaba itanI prakharatA A jAe ki vaha viparIta paristhitiyoM meM bhI ruke nahIM aura viparItatA ko apane anukUla banA le to yahI usakI pratibhA' kahalAtI hai| yaha kAvya sAkSI hai ki kavi ne samaya aura samAja ke pravAha ko apanI parAkramajanya pratibhA se jagAyA hai aura janajana ke mana meM zramaNa-saMskRti kI prANa-cetanA phUMkI hai| isameM kavi pratibhA kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA dayA, karuNA, anAsakti aura vinamratA hai / dUsarI vizeSatA kaSTa evaM kaThinAiyoM se bharA paramArtha pArAyaNa santa jIvana jInA hai| pratibhAvAnoM kA itihAsa batAtA hai ki unakA jIvana mATI se sane hIre kI taraha hotA hai / pratibhA kI mahattA usake suniyojana meM hotI hai / isa jagat meM loga acchA bhASaNa de lete haiM, sAhitya-sRjana kara sastI vAhavAhI bhI lUTa lete haiM, parantu kavi kI ruci apanI prakhara sAdhanA aura pratibhA dvArA samaya aura samAja ke avAMchita pravAha ko anukUla dizA meM mor3anA hai / isa mahat kAma ke lie usane apane tana ko dIpaka, lohU ko tela aura prANoM ko bAtI banA kara jagat ko prakAzita karane kA sArthaka kAma kiyA hai| 'mUkamATI' eka kAvya hI nahIM, jaina mata kI saiddhAntika vyAkhyA nahIM, apitu bhAvanAmaya naitika jIvana jIne kI pariSkRta dRSTi hai| isake AdhAra para jIvana jInevAlA mAnavIya mUlyoM kA saMrakSaka evaM pracAraka-prakAzaka hotA hai| usake antara meM pavitratA, mana meM sabake prati maitrI-bhAva, zAnti evaM santoSa hotA hai / aisA vyakti karmaniSTha, zramazIla evaM sahanazakti vAlA hotA hai / usake lie na to jAti, deza, kAla kA koI bandhana hotA hai aura na hI kisI bAharI
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________________ 162 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA yogyatA kI z2arUrata hotI hai| sArAMzataH, 'mUkamATI' kavi vidyAsAgara racita eka uccakoTi kA kAvya aura 'vi-lakSaNa' mahAkAvya hai / isameM na to kavi-pratibhA ke prati kisI taraha ke sandeha ke lie sthAna hai aura na hI mahimAmaNDita 'mahAkAvya' ke hone meN| ina para vistAra se vicAra karane kI koI vizeSa z2arUrata nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha mahAkAvya hI nahIM jaina mata kA adhyAtma bhI hai| ina donoM kA saMyoga santa kaviyoM meM hI sambhava hai| 'mATI' ko chUkara 'sonA' banA dene vAle kavi ke sandeza ko isa samIkSaka ne jisa rUpa meM samajhA hai, usakA sAra-saMkSepa yaha hai ki mAnava-zarIra kA saMcAlaka mana aura usakA mAlika antaramana yA Atmana hai / sva, aham, svatva Adi eka hI ke nAma haiN| 'sva' ko virAT 'para' stara para vikasita karane vAlA, pariSkRta karane vAlA mahAmAnava apanI saghana AtmIyatA aura sahRdayatA kA paga-paga para paricaya detA hai| vikasita evaM pariSkRta AtmacetanA hI 'bodha aura mokSa' hai| __ apane vyaktitva ko sImita rakhane kA nAma 'svArtha' hai / ise vikasita karane kA nAma 'paramArtha' hai / mahAn dArzanika pleTo ke anusAra : "jaba hamArA pariSkRta 'sva' se sAkSAtkAra hotA hai, taba hameM apane sahI svarUpa kA, apane bahuAyAmI vistAra kA jJAna hotA hai|" isI ucca sthiti meM pahu~cane para AtmA kA paramAtma tattva meM vilaya hotA hai| taba kisI avalambana kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| mAnava ke cetanazIla antara meM bahuta sI bhAva-saMvedanAe~ vidyamAna haiN| ye ucca-starIya paratoM vAlI haiN| yadi inheM jAgrata kiyA jA sake to parama lakSya ko prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| kavi kI mAnyatA hai : "rasanendriya ke vazIbhUta huA vyakti/kabhI bhI kisI bhI vastu ke sahI svAda se paricita nahIM ho sktaa|" (pR.281) mAnava-jIvana kI sArthakatA sadAcArI, saMyamI, parizramI, udAra aura sevAbhAvI banane meM hai| vicAroM, AhAroM aura vyavahAroM kI anupayuktatA mAnava ko patana, parAbhava evaM avasAda kI ora le jAtI hai / bhAva-saMvedanAoM kA kSetra buddhi se Upara hai / vyakti kI krUratA, hiMsAtmakazakti, ahaMvAditA hI Adhunika jIvana kI ApadAoM kI jananI hai / vijJAna aura adhyAtma ke bIca TakarAva nahIM hai / asalI lar3AI bhautika sampadA ko lekara sa-bala evaM ni-bala ke bIca 'sva' aura 'para' kI vajaha se hai| "paratantra jIvana kI AdhAra-zilA ho tuma/...aura azAnti ke antahIna silasilA!" (pR.366) (tuma yAnI 'sva' aura 'para' - samI.) jIvana jaba sahaja-sarala gati se calatA rahatA hai, taba use pragati kahate haiM / kintu mAyA, moha, ajJAna, andhakAra se grasta jIvana kI gati thama jAtI hai, a-gati kI hAlata ho jAtI hai, ise hI pApa yA patana kahate haiN| "sukRta kI suSamA-surabhi ko/sUMghanA nahIM cAhate bhUlakara bhI, viSayoM ke rasika bane haiM/kaSAya-kRSi ke kRSaka bane haiM jala-dhara nAma inakA sArthaka hai|" (pR. 229) pR.1 SHAR - parasaropayo jIvAnAmA ciraMjaSA jIvana ciraMjIvanA! saMjIvana / / /
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : mAnava-mUlya parakhane kA mahAkAvya DaoN. mAdhava rAva regulapATI 'mUkamATI' mahAn santa AcArya vidyAsAgara ke AtmA kA saMgIta hai / isa kAvya meM unakI pavitra vANI sahita AdhyAtmika pravacana mukharita hotA hai / isa kAvya meM mukta chanda kA pravAha aura kAvyAbhivyakti kI antaraMga laya donoM guNa vidyamAna haiN| _ 'mUkamATI' kA prathama khaNDa hai- 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha / ' isa khaNDa kA Arambha dhRti-dhAraNI dharatI aura mATI ke vArtAlApa se prakampita aura prasphuTita bhIge bhAvoM se hotA hai| dhRti-dhAraNI-dharatI zramaNa saMskRti kA pratIka hai aura mATI Astika kA / Astika meM AdhyAmikatA kA bIja-vapana saMskati ke aneka AyAmoM ke dvArA hotA hai| dhati-dhAraNI-dharatI jisa prakAra alaga-alaga kAla khaNDoM meM alaga-alaga rUpoM meM ananta kAla se jisa prakAra sthita hai, usI prakAra sAdhutva se sampanna saMskRti bhii| Astika isa saMskRti se lAbhAnvita hotA hai / Arambhika dazA se lekara zikharastha dazA taka pahu~cane ke lie Astika bAra-bAra saMskRti ke mArga para Arohita hotA hai| dharatI svayaM mATI se kahatI hai arthAt Astika ko saMskRti kA upadeza milatA hai : "sattA zAzvata hotI hai/sattA bhAsvata hotI hai beTA ! rahasya meM par3I isa gandha kA/anupAna karanA hogaa| AsthA kI nAsA se sarvaprathama/samajhI bAta'!" (pR. 7-8) jIvana-dhArA kI pratIka saMskRti kI yaha Arambhika dazA hai / jisa prakAra bAdala kI dhArA dharA-dhUla meM A milatI hai to kaluSita ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra jIvana bhI sAMsArika jIvana se kaluSita hokara daladala meM pha~sa jAtA hai / vahI dhArA nIma kI jar3oM meM jA milatI hai to kaTutA meM DhalatI hai / sAgara meM giratI hai to lavaNAkara meM badala jAtI hai / viSadhara ke mukha meM giratI hai to viSa hAlA banakara raha jAtI hai / sAgarIya zuktikA meM giratI hai to svAti kI muktikA banakara jhilamilAtI hai : "jaisI saMgati milatI hai/vaisI mati hotI hai mati jaisI, agrima gati/milatI jAtI"milatI jAtI aura yahI huA hai/yugoM-yugoM se/bhavoM-bhavoM se !" (pR. 8) jaisI saMgati hotI hai vaisI mati hotI hai / jaisI mati hotI hai vaisI gati hotI hai / yugoM-yugoM se aura bhavoM-bhavoM se yahI huaa| jisa prakAra kI saMskRti kI saMgati meM manuSya rahatA hai usI prakAra usakI mati hotI hai / jisa prakAra kI mati hotI hai usake jIvana kI gati bhI vaisI hotI hai| saMskRti para AsthA jama jAtI hai / vahI AsthA sAdhanA kA rAstA sugama karatI hai / isalie manuSya ke lie AsthA jamA lenA pahalA sopAna hai to sAdhanA karanA dUsarA sopAna hai / sAdhanA vihIna vyakti vijaya-zikhara para nahIM pahu~ca sakatA : "...jIvana kA/AsthA se vAstA hone para rAstA svayaM zAstA hokara/sambodhita karatA sAdhaka ko /
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________________ 164 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sAthI bana sAtha detA hai / / AsthA ke tAroM para hI sAdhanA kI a~guliyA~ / calatI haiM sAdhaka kI, sArthaka jIvana meM taba / svarAtIta saragama jharatI... hai ! samajhI bAta, beTA?" (pR. 9) saMskRti-sampAdana kA tIsarA sopAna satya kI pahacAna hai / 66 'asatya kI sahI pahacAna hI / satya kA avadhAna hai, beTA !" (pR. 9) kevala eka-do sopAna car3ha jAne mAtra se saMskRti ke samunnata zikhara para nahIM pahu~ca sakate / parvata kI talahaTI meM khar3e hokara bhI zikhara kA darzana kara sakate haiM kintu zikhara kA sparzana caraNoM kA prayoga kie binA sambhava nahIM / usI prakAra jIvana-saMskRti ke zikhara para pahu~cane ke lie caturtha saphala sopAna hai prayoga arthAt sAdhanA ke sA~ce meM svayaM ko DhAlanA : "AsthA ke viSaya ko / AtmasAt karanA ho use anubhUta karanA ho / ... to / sAdhanA ke sA~ce meM svayaM ko DhAlanA hogA saharSa !" (pR. 10) sAdhanA ke sopAnoM para car3hate car3hate kabhI-kabhI phisala jAne kI sambhAvanA hotI hai aura kabhI-kabhI thakAvaTa mahasUsa karane kI guMjAiza bhI hai| isalie isa skhalana se bacane ke lie 'AyAsa se DaranA nahIM' aura 'Alasya karanA nahIM' (pR. 11) / sAdhaka ke rAste meM viSamatA kI nAgina sarakatI hogii| usase vaha guma-rAha ho sakatA hai| usake mukha se g2amaAha nikala sakatA hai / usa samaya bodhi kI cir3iyA phurra se ur3a jAtI hai| krodha bhI ubharakara A jAtA hai / inako dUra karane mAtra se hI ArAdhanA meM virAdhanA AnA asambhava ho jAtA hai / kabhI-kabhI gati yA pragati ke abhAva ke kAraNa AzA ThaNDI par3a jAtI hai / dhRti, sAhasa, utsAha bhI Aha bharate haiM aura mana khinna par3a jAtA hai / sAdhaka ke lie ye saba avarodha nahIM / nadI jIvana kI caitanya pravRtti kA pratIka hai / caitanya pravRtti ke kAraNa hI phUla-mAlAe~ A-Akara TakarAtI haiN| kumbhakAra svayaM bhAgya-vidhAtA hai : 'kuM' yAnI dharatI / aura / 'bha' yAnI bhAgya - yahA~ para jo / bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai / " (pR. 28) 66 dharma vahI zilpI hai / vahI saMskRti kA nirmAtA hai, AdhyAtmikatA kA pradAtA hai / vahI saMskRti zilpI dayA, aura karuNA rUpI mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa kiyA karatA hai / kevala prasaMga se kAma nahIM calatA : "jise apanAyA hai / use / jisane apanAyA hai usake anurUpa / apane guNa - dharma - / rUpa - svarUpa ko parivartita karanA hogA / " (pR. 47 ) guNa, dharma, rUpa aura svarUpa meM jo parivartita ho jAtA hai, vahI manuSya hai :
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________________ " saMyama ke binA AdamI nahIM / yAnI / AdamI vahI hai jo yathA - yogya / sahI AdamI hai / " (pR. 64 ) mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 165 machalI AtmA kA pratIka hai| machalI bhU para Ane ko kRta saMkalpitA taba hotI hai jaba sArahIna vikalpoM ko chor3a jAtI hai / usI prakAra AtmA kA utthAna tabhI hotA hai jaba vaha sArahIna vikalpoM se mukti pAtA hai| kUpa AdhyAtmika tattva kI gaharAI kA pratIka hai aura bAlaTI utthAna kA pratIka hai| kUpa kI gaharAI meM bAlaTI DubakI lagAkara jisa prakAra pAnI lekara phira Upara uThatI hai usI prakAra jIvana se sambandhita AdhyAtmikatA kI gaharAI meM DubakI lagAkara utthAna kI bAlaTI Upara A jAtI hai| isa prakAra mahAn saMskRti ke nirmANa mAtra se manuSya Astika bana jAtA / aisA hI manuSya zramaNa saMskRti ke parama zraddheya pUjya Izvara ke svarUpa ko pA sakatA hai| yahI dizAbodha 'mUkamATI' ke prathama khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa - lAbha' se milatA hai / zilpI usa mATI ko kumbha meM badalane ke lie kina-kina paddhatiyoM ko apanAte hue saphala huA, vaha dUsare khaNDa--'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' meM batAyA gayA hai| kumbhakAra mATI ke pratIka mAnava ke guru kA pratIka hai| kumbhakAra chanI huI mATI meM nirmala jala milAtA hai| nirmala jala AdhyAtmika jJAna kA pratIka hai| nirmala jala mATI meM milA dene se vaha jisa prakAra komala ho jAtI hai usI prakAra AdhyAtmikatA ke avalokana, saMkalana aura anubhava mAtra mAnava kA guNa badala jAtA hai| usakA guNa, zIla, bhAva, cAla-calana, jIvana nirvAha Adi saba meM bhArI parivartana A jAtA hai / manuSya ke svabhAva meM Adi se hI prema hai : " svabhAva se hI / prema hai hamArA / aura svabhAva meM hI / kSema hai hamArA / " (pR. 93) phUla aura zUla donoM saMsAra meM vidyamAna haiN| phUla komala hotA hai| zUla tIkhe hote haiN| phUla meM gandha hotI hai| zUla kaThina hotA hai / kavi samajhAte haiM ki phUla-zUla se Upara uThakara phala taka pahu~ca jAnA hI mAnava kA lakSya hai : "loka- khyAti to yahI hai / ki / kAmadeva kA Ayudha phUla hotA hai aura/ mahAdeva kA Ayudha zUla // eka meM parAga hai / saghana rAga hai jisakA phala saMsAra hai / eka meM virAga hai / anagha tyAga hai jisakA phala bhava- pAra hai / " (pR. 101-102 ) phUla kA mahattva phUla kA hai / zUla kA mahattva bhI hai jo bhava- pAra kA sAdhana hai / kevala zabdoM ko jAnane mAtra * se saba kucha nahIM ho sakatA / zabdoM kA artha bhI jAnanA cAhie, vahI bodha hai : "bodha kA phUla jaba / DhalatA-badalatA, jisameM vaha pakva phala hI to / zodha kahalAtA hai / " (pR. 107) jaba phala paka jAtA hai to vaha mIThA ho jAtA hai / usameM rasa hotA hai / bodha pakate hI zodha ho jAtA hai / isalie : "phUla kA rakSaNa ho / aura / phala kA bhakSaNa ho; / hA~ ! hA~ !! phUla meM bhale hI gandha ho / para, rasa kahA~ usameM !" (pR. 107 ) zodha kA pariNAma mokSa ke dhAma taka pahu~canA hai / moha aura mokSa kA antara spaSTa karate hue vidyAsAgarajI kahate haiM ki apane ko chor3akara para - padArtha se prabhAvita honA hI moha kA pariNAma hai :
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________________ 166 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "saba ko chor3akara/apane Apa meM bhAvita honA hI mokSa kA dhAma hai|" (pR. 109-110) tRtIya khaNDa kA dizA-bodha hai- 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana--jisameM mAnava kI yAtrA abhI zurU nahIM huI hai ; zurU hone vAlI hai / samaMdara ke dvArA pRthivI kI samasta nidhiyA~ curA kara svayaM samRddha banane kI citta-vRtti se AkrAnta pU~jIpati kA pratIka hai / samasta har3apane kI raIsa cittavRtti ke kAraNa hI samaMdara ne dharatI ko lUTane kA nizcaya kiyA hai| isIlie dharatI dharA ho gaI, na vaha vasuMdharA hai aura na vasudhA / vaha samaMdara ratnAkara bana gayA aura dharatI ke vaibhava ko le gayA: "yaha nindya karma karake/jaladhi ne jar3a-dhI kA, buddhi-hInatA kA, paricaya diyA hai |"(pR. 189) dharatI to sarva-sahA kahalAtI hai, sarva-svAhA nahIM : ___ "aura/sarva-sahA honA hI/sarvasva ko pAnA hai jIvana meM santoM kA patha yahI gAtA hai|" (pR. 190) sUrya ko samaMdara kA kArya acchA nahIM lagA / candramA to samaMdara ke pakSa meM raha gyaa| sUrya anyAya kA virodha karane vAlI pravRtti kA pratIka hai to candra ghUsakhora vRtti kA pratIka hai| sIpa to mukti kA pratIka hai| prathama khaNDa ke Arambha meM jisa dhRti-dhAraNI-dharA kA ullekha huA hai usakA saMketa isa tIsare khaNDa meM mila jAtA hai / dhRti-dhAraNI-dharA to saMskRti kA pratIka hai / saMskRti dhRti-dhAriNI-dharA hI hai / usake kAraNa hI to mukti mila jAtI hai : "jala ko jar3atva se mukta kara/muktA-phala banAnA, patana ke garta se nikAla kara/uttuMga-utthAna para dharanA, dhRti-dhAriNI dharA kA dhyeya hai |/yhii dayA-dharma hai yahI jiyA-karma hai|" (pR.193) (yahA~ 'jala' ke sthAna para 'jana' zabda kA prayoga kara par3hane se usakA artha sAnukUla hokara sAmAjikatA se sambandha judd'egaa|) - prasaMgavaza nArI kI vizeSatAe~ batAI gaI haiN| vaha 'nArI' hai arthAt na+ari=nArI, vaha ArI nahIM hai, so nArI hai| mahilA'- maha+lA mahotsava lAne vAlI, athavA mahI dharatI ke prati AsthA jagAne vaalii| 'abalA' vigata aura anAgata kI AzAoM se haTAkara, aba Agata meM, lAlAne vAlI hai, athavA a+balA=na+balA=na+samasyA-saMkaTa arthAt abalA=samasyA-zUnya-samAdhAna hai / 'kumArI' =ku+mA+rI arthAt ku=pRthvI, mA lakSmI, rI denevAlI yAnI kumArI dharA ko sampadA dene vaalii| 'strI' = s+trI, s=samazIla saMyama, trI dharma, artha evaM kAma arthAt strI-dharma, artha, kAma meM samazIla saMyata banAne vaalii| 'sutA' =su=acchAiyA~, tA=bhAva-dharma ko batalAne kA dharma arthAt sutA=sukha-suvidhAoM kI shrotsvinii| 'duhitA'=du+hitA-do tarapha se hita karane vAlI arthAt apanA hita aura pati kA hita cAhane vAlI / 'mAtR' =prmaatR=jnyaataa| kumbhakAra ke AMgana meM kumbhoM para muktA kI varSA hotI hai / rAjA ke kAnoM meM yaha bAta pahu~ca jAtI hai / rAjA unheM sameTa kara le jAne kA prayatna karAtA hai / taba AkAza meM garjanA hotI hai / anartha-anartha kA nAda phaila jAtA hai| jabajaba anyAya phailatA hai taba-taba aisA ho jAtA hai / isalie :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 167 "parizrama ke binA tuma/navanIta kA golA nigalo bhale hI, kabhI pacegA nahIM vaha/pratyuta, jIvana ko khatarA hai !" (pR. 212) rAjA mUrchita ho jAtA hai| bAda meM mantra-jala se vaha saceta ho jAtA hai / saba kahate haiM : "satya-dharma kI jaya ho !/satya-dharma kI jaya ho!" (pR. 216) ___ rAjA AtaMkavAdI hai| itanA hone para bhI samaMdara apane kaluSita mana ko zamita nahIM kara sakA / ghanaghora varSA karane ke lie vaha bAdaloM ko prerita karatA hai / vaha bhI viphala ho jAtA hai : - "dRDhamanA zramaNa-sama sakSama/kArya karane kaTibaddha ho|" (pR. 243) 0 "Upara yantra hai, ghumar3a rahA hai/nIce mantra hai, gunagunA rahA hai eka mAraka hai/eka tAraka / " (pR. 249) isa khaNDa kA amUlya sandeza sunie / dizAbodha kitanA mahattvapUrNa hai, dekhie : . "dharatI kI pratiSThA banI rahe, aura/hama saba kI dharatI meM niSThA ghanI rahe, basa!" (pR. 262) lo 'yAtrA kI zurUAta abhI nahIM huI hai' (pR. 267) karanI hai| kaccA ghar3A taiyAra ho jAtA hai / kumbhakAra use avA meM DAla kara jalAtA hai| usake Upara DhakI huI rAkha haTA detA hai to kalaza dikhAI detA hai / jalate-jalate babUla kI lakar3iyA~ apanI pIr3A vyakta karatI haiM : "nirbala-janoM ko satAne se nahIM,/bala-saMbala de bacAne se hI balavAnoM kA bala sArthaka hotA hai |"(pR. 272) agni kahatI hai : "maiM isa bAta ko mAnatI hU~ ki/agni-parIkSA ke binA Aja taka kisI ko bhI mukti milI nahIM,/na hI bhaviSya meM milegii|" (pR. 275) ... kaI-kaI sandarbho meM prAsaMgikatA ke anusAra darzana aura AdhyAtmikatA ke antara para prakAza DAlA gayA aura batAyA gayA hai ki duniyA meM do prakAra ke loga hote haiM- bhogI aura virAgI : "isa yuga ke/do mAnava/apane Apa ko/khonA cAhate haiMeka/bhoga-rAga ko/madya-pAna ko/cunatA hai;/aura eka yoga-tyAga ko/Atma-dhyAna ko/dhunatA hai|" (pR. 286) kumbhakAra ke dvArA kumbha ko bAhara nikAlane ke kucha dinoM ke bAda eka seTha use le Ane ke lie apane naukara ko kumbhakAra ke pAsa bhejatA hai| vaha atyanta prasannatA ke sAtha use seTha ko dene ke lie taiyAra ho gyaa| naukara usa kumbha ko kharIdane ke samaya usako bajA-bajA kara dekhane lgaa| usameM se sAta svara sunAI die / unhoMne nIrAga niyati kA udghATana kiyA / una sAre svaroM kA artha basa itanA hI hai| kumbha kA mUlya cukAne ke lie sevaka paise denA cAhatA hai to kumbhakAra kahatA hai :
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________________ 168 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "Aja dAna kA dina hai/AdAna-pradAna lena-dena kA nahIM, samasta durdinoM kA nivAraka hai yaha/prazasta dinoM kA praveza-dvAra !" (pR.307) santoM kI mahAn pravRttiyoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai, yathA-gartapUrNa vRtti, gocarI vRtti, agnizAmaka vRtti, bhrAmarI vRtti / isa prakAra kumbha ko AdhAra mAna kara santoM kI aneka vRttiyoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| niyati aura yati kI paribhASAe~ bhI prastuta kI gaI haiM : " 'ni' yAnI nija meM hI/'yati' yAnI yatana-sthiratA hai apane meM lIna honA hI niyati hai/nizcaya se yahI yati hai|" (pR. 349) svarNa-kalaza Adi kA tRNIkaraNa aura kumbha kA samAdara kiyA jAtA hai / seTha ko samApta karane ke lie AtaMkavAdI dala ke Ane kI AzaMkA utpanna ho jAtI hai| gajadala aura nAgadala AtaMkavAdI dala ko samApta karane ke lie udyata hote haiM kintu unase kahA jAtA hai ki kahIM bhI prANadaNDa nahIM denA, kyoMki : "krUra aparAdhI ko/krUratA se daNDita karanA bhI eka aparAdha hai,/nyAya-mArga se skhalita honA hai|" (pR. 431) kumbha kA sahArA pAkara seTha anta meM nadI ke kinAre para pahu~ca jAtA hai / saparivAra seTha jala-plAvana se baca jAtA hai aura kumbha kA sahArA pAkara surakSita sthAna para pahu~ca jAtA hai| 0 "DUbatI huI nAva se/dala kUda par3A dhAra meM mA~ ke aMka meM ni:zaMka hokara/zizu kI bhA~ti !" (pR. 477) 0 "bandhana rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA AmUla miTa jAnA hI/mokSa hai / " (pR. 486) 'mUkamATI' Adhunika jIvana kA abhinava zAstra hai aura isakA lakSya bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dekara vItarAga zramaNa-saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai / mAnavatA aura dArzanikatA ke samAnAntara meM mAnava-mUlyoM ko parakhane kA yaha mahAkAvya hai| kumbha (Arambhika dazA) vikAroM se AkrAnta mAnava kA pratIka hai, maMgala kalaza (kumbha kI pUrNa vikasita dazA) AdhyAmitkatA se vibhUSita mAnava kA pratIka hai| svarNa-kalaza mAnava kI svarNa pipAsA kA pratIka hai| nadI bhava kA pratIka hai| mAnava Arambhika dazA meM miTTI ke samAna guNarahita hotA hai| kumbhakAra arthAt guru kA upadeza pAne ke bAda vaha AdhyAtmikatA se vibhUSita mAnava ho jAtA hai / hA~ ! itanA kaha sakate haiM ki jaina-Astika-darzana se prabhAvita ho jAtA hai| dhana-dAha se pIDita seTha arthAta pa~jIpati yA daulatamanda nadI meM arthAta dhana-dAha-rUpI pravAha meM baha jAtA hai| Izvara vahI hai jo zraddheya hai, na ki sRSTikartA / aisI mAnyatA ko zramaNa-Astika-darzana yA jaina-Astika-darzana kahate haiM / isakA samucita prativedana karanA hI mUkamATI' kA 'pravacana' hai, na ki 'vcn'| pR.4 utpAnvyama prauvyayuktasatsantoM seyasAnimAraiisameM anantakI astimA simAsI gaI hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya : zuddha caitanya kI khoja DaoN. rAjamati divAkara 'mUkamATI' kAvya ko par3hate hue lagA ki RSimanA AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI cetanA nirantara siddha hone ke upakrama meM mATI ke mauna ko vyAkhyAyita karane kA prayAsa karatI hai (mATI kA mauna yAnI padArtha-jagat kA mauna vistAra); isalie yaha kucha-kucha vaisA hI prayAsa hai jo sadiyoM pUrva se lekara aba taka AcAryagaNoM ne 'cetanA aura padArtha' ke dvandva ko samajhane ke lie aneka bAra kiyaa| isI dvandva meM dvaita (saguNa), advaita (nirguNa), viziSTAdvaita na jAne kitane mata-matAntara calate cale A rahe haiM lekina saMsAra ke dvaita ko samajhane kA yaha prayAsa apane DhaMga kA viziSTa prayoga hai| mahAkAvya maiMne aura bhI par3he haiM lekina yaha usa taraha kA zAstrIya rUpa-guNa vAlA mahAkAvya nahIM hai, jaisA saMskRta zailI meM pracalita hai| usameM zAstrIya DhaMga kI mahAkAvya kI lambI-caur3I saiddhAntika zarte haiM, jisameM sargabaddhatA ho, vIratA ho, dhIra lalita, dhIroddhata nAyaka ho, nAyaka meM oja, mAdhurya aura prasAda guNa hoM, nava rasoM kA paripAka ho ityAdi zataka bharI shrte| jabaki 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM nAyaka nahIM, nAyikA hai, vaha bhI 'mUka rahane vAlI maattii'| vaise hindI sAhitya meM aise upanyAsa z2arUra likhe gae haiM jisameM nAyaka koI vyakti vizeSa nahIM hotA, jaise-hajArI prasAda dvivedI kA upanyAsa 'cArucandra lekha', jisameM kathA sirfa bunI gaI hai lekina nAyaka hai kAla / madhyakAla ke samaya ko nAyaka banAkara kathA zilpa racA gyaa| isI taraha 'mUkamATI' meM nAyikA hai 'mATI' - jo dharatI hai, jo pRthvI hai, jo Rtu hai, jo sAma hai, jo praNava rUpA hai, jo RcA hai, jo udgItha hai / use hI nAyikA banAyA aura yaha apane Apa meM sRjana kA mahattara lakSya hai / mATI kI vedanA ke mAdhyama se saMsAra kI vedanA ko samajhakara usa para mahAkAvya kI zilpa-racanA apane meM nirAlI koziza hI nahIM, apitu apane bhItara virAjI zuddha AtmacetanA kA sRjana ke mAdhyama se AtmasAkSAtkAra hI hai| isIlie merA lakSya hai kAvyakAra ke bRhattara sandarbho ko samajhakara zuddha cetana astitva ke sandarbho meM dArzanika pakSa ko ujAgara krnaa| maiM mahAkAvya ke bAhya rUpa meM vyApta zabda, zilpa zabda zleSa yA zabdoM kI paccIkArI meM ulajhanA nahIM cAhatI, balki 'mUkamATI' kAvya meM zabda citroM-bimboM ke mAdhyama se zabdoM ke pAra' avasthita ni:saMga cetanA ke AtmavicAroM ko samajhane kI koziza karanA cAhatI huuN| vastuta: apanI svAbhAvika UrjA se kAvyakAra ne, jo cetana-avacetana meM jamA smRtiyoM aura dRzya jagat se parikalpita vicAroM ko aneka AyAma meM artha dekara kAvya-racanA kI hai, use maiM kAvya ke zabdoM citroM meM antarghalita sUkSma tattva darzana ko apanI sthUla buddhi se vyAkhyAyita karane/pakar3ane kI koziza karanA cAhatI huuN| maiM socatI hU~ ki mATI ko mUka nATyazAlA kA sAkSI banAkara eka sAdhaka, eka muni, eka AcAryamanA Atmasatya kI cirantanatA kA kitanA vistRta AyAma talAzate haiN| kAvya kA Arambha prakRti ke sukomala vistAra se hotA hai / vastuta: katipaya purANoM meM mahAmAyA tattva kA vistAra mAyA hai aura mAyA kI beTI prakRti hai| kavi prakRti ke madhura saundarya bimba ko ubhArate haiM : 0 "prAcI ke adharoM para/manda madhurima muskAna hai|" (pR. 1) 0 "sattA zAzvata hotI hai/sattA bhAsvata hotI hai beTA!" (pR. 7) 0 "AsthA ke binA rAstA nahIM / " (pR. 10) 0 "gati yA pragati ke abhAva meM/AzA ke pada ThaNDe par3ate haiN|" (pR. 13) "saMgharSamaya jIvana kA/upasaMhAra/niyamarUpa se/harSamaya hotA hai, dhanya!" (pR.14) 0000
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________________ 170 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA mATI ke sAtha jo ghaTita hotA hai, use par3hakara lagA hama isa jagat meM zuddha cetana sattA ke rUpa meM haiM aura hamameM anaginata sambhAvanAe~ hotI haiM kintu hamAre sAtha Dhera-se kaMkara, dhUla, kAI, kalmaSa lipaTA huA mana hotA hai / phalataH AtmA kA zuddha astitva karma jAla se AvRta hotA hai| dhIre-dhIre ghara kI vizeSa saMskRti ke moha meM apane vAstavika rUpa ko DhaMka lete haiM aura hama bhUla jAte haiM ki hamAre bhItara manISI, svayambhU hone kI tAqata bhI hai| ___ mATI ke janma, utpAda se lekara vyaya aura puna: astitva yAnI dhrauvya taka kI yAtrA meM acetana mATI kitanI paryAya badalatI hai, eka aisA hI zabda-bimba isa taraha hai : " "utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya-yuktaM sat"/ santoM se yaha sUtra milA hai isameM ananta kI astimA/simaTa-sI gaI hai| yaha vaha darpaNa hai,/jisameM/bhUta, bhAvita aura sambhAvita saba kucha jhilamilA rahA hai / " (pR. 184) isa mATI kI paryAya parivartana meM yama, niyama, prANAyAma jaisI yoga-sAdhanA para bhI AcAryazrI kendrita hote haiN| zuddha hone kI prakriyA yoga hai| isa prakriyA meM doSa ko tajanA par3atA hai| bodhapUrNa zodha kI prakriyA se antarmana kI yogaprakriyA ko. prANAyAma ko AcAryazrI kumbha ke mAdhyama se spaSTa kara dete haiM, yathA : "pUrI zakti lagAkara nAka se/pUraka AyAma ke mAdhyama le udara meM dhUma ko pUra kara/kumbha ne kumbhaka prANAyAma kiyaa|" (pR. 279) mATI se nirmita 'ghaTa-nirmANa' vyaktitva-nirmANa kI prakriyA hI to hai-eka aisI prakriyA jo hameM dharma, vicAra, bhASA, zikSA, saMskRti, yoga Adi meM dIkSita karatI hai| apane anna-jala ke mAdhyama se hama bhI 'mATI' (zarIra) ke pUre saMgharSa meM apanI eka dhArmika pahacAna nirmita karate haiM, paristhitijanya karmoM kI A~ca meM tapa kara, paka kara apanI asmitA banAte haiN| hamAre dRzya jagat meM mUkamATI kI muzkila hai kumbha aura kumbhakAra kA dvaita / mATI aura zilpI ke dvaita ke isameM aneka bimba haiM : "zilpI kI aisI mati pariNati meM/parivartana - gati vAMchita hai|" (pR.104) isa dvaita meM saMsAra kA cakra calatA calA jA rahA hai / isIlie kAvyakAra likhate haiM : "kAla svayaM cakra nahIM hai/saMsAra-cakra kA cAlaka hotA hai vaha / " (pR. 161) isa cakra meM cAra gatiyA~, caurAsI lAkha yoniyA~ haiM / vastuta: kAla-cakra thor3e hI hai, vo to hama janama-maraNa kI nirantara gati se cakramANa haiM, isIlie saMsAra kA cakra hai / hamAre bhItara kA mana hI to kAla ko jAnatA hai, varanA kAla to nitya vartamAna hai| usakI akhaNDa sattA hai / lekina saMsAra meM bhramaNa karate hue hama kAla ko sImita kara lete haiN| hama jIvadhArI duvidhA meM hI vividhA raca lete haiN| apane 'maiM' ko duvidhA ke bIca do-galA' banA lete haiN| eka zabda bimba hai : ""maiM do galA"...maiM dvibhASI hU~/bhItara se kucha bolatA hU~ bAhara se kucha aura"/...maiM dogalA/chalI, dhUrta, mAyAvI hU~ ajJAna-mAna ke kAraNa hI/isa chadma ko chupAtA AyA hU~/...aura
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 171 isakA tIsarA bhAva kyA hai-/...saba vibhAvoM-vikAroM kI jar3a 'maiM' yAnI ahaM ko/do galA-kara do smaapt|" (pR. 175) maiM ko galA dene yA samApta kara dene se hI saMsAra kI moha-mAyA bhI kama hotI hai| moha kI nirjarA ke lie ahaMkAra rahita honA hI zuddha cetana kI prApti yA pahala kA prAthamika bindu hai / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM karuNA rasa kA bAra-bAra prayoga AyA hai| mere vicAra se karuNA rasa nahIM hai, jisa taraha ahiMsA kA bhAva rasa nahIM hai, eka mahAbhAva hai / bhAva to jisa AtmA meM jAga jAe, vaha mahAkalyANa hI karatA hai| mahAvIra kI AtmA meM vaha jAgA aura vizvakalyANa kI dezanA se upakRta ho gayA saMsAra / karuNA mahAbhAva buddha kI AtmA meM jAgA aura sArI duniyA kRtakRtya ho gii| karor3oM loga unakI vANI se ubuddha hue| __nava rasoM ke sAtha vAtsalya ko jarUra Ajakala ke vidvAnoM ne rasa mAna liyA hai / yadyapi AcAryazrI ne moha ke kAraNa 'trANa' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / karuNA jIvana kA prANa samIra-dharmI, vAtsalya jIvana kA trANa nIra-dharmI hai jabaki karuNA kA sthAna vAtsalya se karor3a yojana U~cA hai / karuNA usI meM jAgatI hai jo zuddha cetanA ko upalabdha hue hoM, sAtha hI ahaMkAra aNumAtra bhI unameM na ho, sAre vizvakalyANa ke lie hI antima janma dhAraNa kiyA ho, yathA : "karuNA-rasa jIvana kA prANa hai/ghama-ghama samIra-dharmI hai / vAtsalya jIvana kA trANa hai/dhavalima nIra-dharmI hai / kintu, yaha/dvaita jagat kI bAta huI, zAnta-rasa jIvana kA gAna hai/madhurima kSIra-dharmI hai / " (pR. 159) vastuta: karuNA hameM rasa kI taraha lagatA hai, hotA nhiiN| karuNA zabda kA jo upayoga hama vyavahAra meM karate haiM vaha prakArAntara se dayA hI hotI hai / dayA kI sImA hotI hai, karuNA asIma hotI hai| hama dAna, dayA Adi sabakI pratispardhA karate haiM, kyoMki isa dAna, dayA kI sImA hotI hai / kAvya meM isa pratispardhA ko pratibimbita kiyA hai 'ghaTa' aura svarNa kalaza kI tulanA se / ghaTa ke prati dayA kA bhAva hI svarNa kalaza meM dAna kA abhimAna paidA karatA hai, svarNa kA AtaMka paidA hotA hai, jo trAhi-trAhi karatA hai / svarNakalaza ke AkarSaNa aura AtaMka se hama apanI pahacAna aura zuddha cetanA ke astitva ko bhUla jAte haiN| muni, AcArya, santa isa pahacAna aura zuddhacetanA ke astitva kI ora lauTane kA upadeza dete haiM / santaziromaNi vidyAsAgarajI ke pravacana haiM : "kSetra kI nahIM,/AcaraNa kI dRSTi se/maiM jahA~ para hU~ vahA~ Akara dekho mujhe,/tumheM hogI merI/sahI-sahI pahacAna / " (pR. 487) AcArya hI vaha pahacAna dete haiM, lekina vaha tabhI sambhava hai jaba hama sAMsArika upAdAna ko chor3akara apane zuddha svarUpa ko jAneM, usa para samyak zraddhA rakheM / jaba cetana mana ko jAnane kI saccI jijJAsA jAgatI hai taba UparI jJAna thothA lagane lagatA hai| vaha muni, AcArya jaisI AcaraNa kI zuddhatA se upajatA hai| tattvata: thothe jJAna ko tajane kI prakriyA jisa kSaNa se zurU hotI hai, basa usI kSaNa se hama bhItara ke zuddha adhyAtma kI deharI meM pahalA kadama rakhate haiN| zuddha cetana ke bodha ke prayAsa meM bhASA kI bAdhA mAlUma par3atI hai| nija svarUpa ke bodha meM mithyA bhASA kI nissAratA ko hama jAna leM to phira jAti, dharma, purANa, kathA Adi se dUra karaNAnuyoga-caraNAnuyoga meM hamArI cetanA ramane lagatI hai| isa prakriyA meM hamAre karmoM kI AvRtiyA~ pIche chUTane lagatI haiM, hamArI nAma-rUpamaya pahacAna haTa jAtI hai aura eka draSTA ke
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________________ 172 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA mAniMda hama apane zuddha Aloka se dekha sakate haiM mUkamATI kI vistRta lIlA ko / isa AvartamAn jagat meM hama dharma sAriNiyoM aura dArzanika tathyoM ko na samajhakara dharma ke bAharI alaMkaraNa ko hI apanI rakSA kA sAdhana mAnane lagate haiM / dharma saMgaThana ko sattA kA rUpa dete haiM aura dharma saMgaThanoM ko ghRNAspada kaTTaratA kA rUpa dekara sacce dharma se dUra hote jAte haiM, jabaki dharma kA saccA rUpa nija svabhAva ko anubhava karane kI aikAntika prakriyA hai / dharma ekAnta meM hI ghaTita hotA hai / apane bhItara ke sacce dharma kI pahacAna Antarika mahAmauna meM hI sRjita hotI hai, bhIr3a meM nahIM / isIlie jina dharma sAmayika aura svAdhyAya kI anivAryatA para adhika bala detA hai| 1 hama saMsAra kI mUka mAyA meM aise Abaddha haiM ki Atmadharma ke isa antaH sAkSya ko ubharane hI nahIM dete, ataH dharma kI yAtrA bar3I kaThina lagatI hai| isa kaThina dharma ko samajhane kI koziza to zurU kareM aura apanI samUcI jIvana zailI meM ekAnta caryA ke lie sthAna deM, taba hI hama bhItara se apanI pahacAna ko zurU kara sakate haiN| saca to yaha hai ki dharma sAdhanAe~ bAhara kA jJAna de sakatI haiM parantu zuddha-cetana kA bodha mahAmauna kI yAtrA se hI sambhava hai| zuddha cetana ko upalabdha hone ke sAkSI to mahAvIra, buddha, nAnaka, kabIra jaise zalAkA puruSa haiM, jo AtmaprakAza se dIpta haiM aura nirantara prakAza vistAra meM lIna haiM / 'mUkamATI' kAvya meM santa ke pravacana kaThina- yoga sAdhanA ko saMketita karate haiM / 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa prakSAlana' karuNA kA mahAbhAva aura zAnta rasa kA vistAra - sabhI kucha isa mahAkAvya meM hai / santajana - saMsAra kI mUkamATI ke mahAmauna ke sAkSI haiM aura nija svarUpa ko pahacAnane kI Antarika yAtrA ko iMgita karate haiN| mATI kI mUka vedanA se svarNa kalaza ke AtaMka taka na jAne kitane viSaya, aneka bimba aura svayaM ko upalabdha hone kI koziza meM hajAra kAvya pada meM Atma svabhAva taka pahu~cane kI abhIpsA isa mahAkAvya meM maujUda hai| jAgatika vyApAra kA aisA vizada aura sahajatA pUrNa citraNa jaina kAvya paramparA meM hai / jo bhI ise par3hatA hai, vaha apane cetana bodha aura smRti se aneka rUpoM meM grahaNa karatA hai / 1 hamAre Alocaka mana meM viveka ke do AyAma hote haiM- eka bAhya rUpa meM AlocanA karanA aura dUsarA zabda ke pAra zabda ke AbhyaMtarika saca ko samajhakara use vyakta karanA / maiM bahuta gahare samajhatI hU~ pIr3hI-dara-pIr3hI mATI gandha meM samAI cetanA ko / isa kAvya ke mAdhyama se maiMne sRSTi ke vikAsa aura ananta vistAra ko samajhA / miTTI jo hamArI mA~ hai, mahatArI hai, ambA hai, usameM koMpaloM ke nita navIna raMga haiM, sRjana kI asIma zakti hai aura usa sRjana para kAvya-sRjana karanA bar3e hI sAmarthya kA kAma hai| mATI bhItarI saca aura saMsAra ke saca ke antara ko ubhAra detI hai aura yahI laukika saMjJAna kI pahalI sIr3hI hai / yaha kAvya AtmakhojI, jijJAsu cetanA ke mana meM mATI ke mauna se niSpAdita kAvya hai, jisakA zilpa eka saMvAda zailI meM sahaja sarala zilpa hai| maiMne jAnabUjha kara mahAkAvya kI saiddhAntika samIkSA ko alakSita chor3a diyA hai / merA lakSya rahA hai isa carAcara jagat meM zarIra (pudgala), jIva-ajIva se jur3e saMsAra meM mATI ke , hara bamba ke marma ko vizleSita karanA / mauna mATI ke pAra zuddha cetana kI sAdhanA karane vAle AcAryazrI ke dvArA siddhatva ko pahacAne kI koziza isa kAvya meM vyakta huI hai / Pakiavoje Namo a 0 000.0 pRSTha 990 jhilamila jhila-mila ---.. bahuta kama sunane ko milA yaha /
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : santa-kavi kA mukhara kAvya pro. (DaoN.) devavrata jozI bhAratIya jJAnapITha vilupta, anupalabdha tathA lokahitakArI maulika sAhitya ke prakAzana kI saMsthA hai / idhara isI saMsthA ne eka mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' prakAzita kiyA hai / vismaya aura kutUhala se par3hI, AcArya vidyAsAgara dvArA racita yaha rcnaa| vidyAsAgarajI jaina muni haiM aura unakA tattva darzana aura cintana lagabhaga 500 pRSThoM ke isa kAvya grantha meM bikharA milatA hai| chandabaddhatA kahIM nahIM, kintu laya, gambhIra cintana aura darzana kI gaharI chApa Azvasta karatI hai ki kavitA ke lie na janavAdI honA Avazyaka hai, na muni honA bAdhaka / sArvabhauma aura sArvakAlika satya mAnava mUlyoM meM hI samAhita hai aura 'mUkamATI' meM yaha saba kucha sahaja prApya hai : "IrSyA para vijaya prApta karanA/saba ke vaza kI bAta nahIM,/aura vaha bhI.. strI-paryAya meM-/anahonI-sI ghaTanA !" (pR.2) yaha mahAkAvya cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai- (1) saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha, (2) zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM, (3) puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana evaM (4) agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha / kAvya meM sama-sAmayikatA hai / aitihAsika paridRzya haiM, jo vartamAna se sandarbhita haiN| kathA hai, kintu kathA ko atikramita karatI huI / vastuta: zrI aravinda kI 'sAvitrI' aura prasAda kI 'kAmAyanI' ke bAda itanA sughar3a, zilpavaiziSTyapUrNa kAvya sambhavata: bhAratIya sAhitya meM dRSTigata nahIM huaa| kahIM-kahIM sandeza haiM, jo kavitA ko kSati nahIM pahu~cAte : "jIvana ko mata raNa banAo/prakRti mA~ kA vraNa sukhAo!" (pR. 149) aura bhI udAharaNa draSTavya haiM : "nigUr3ha niSThA se nikalI/nizigandhA kI nirI mahaka-sI bAharI-bhItarI vAtAvaraNa ko/surabhita karatI jo vahI niSThA kI phalavatI/pratiSThA prANapratiSThA kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 120) dayA jaina-darzana kA mahattvapUrNa tathya-satya hai, kintu dayA jitanA ochA zabda bhI aura koI nhiiN| mAnava bhalA mAnava para dayA dikhA sakatA hai ? prakhara kavi dayA ko isa taraha paribhASita karatA hai : "dayA kA kathana nirA hai/aura/dayA kA vatana nirA hai / " (pR. 72) Aja ke pariprekSya meM kavi-kathana kitanA saTIka hai : ___ "kahA~ taka kaheM aba !/dharma kA jhaNDA bhI/DaNDA bana jAtA hai zAstra zastra bana jAtA hai/avasara paakr|" (pR. 73) apanI pRthak bhaMgimA aura tevara ke kAraNa yaha kAvya pRthak sthAna rakhatA hai / yahI isakI vizeSatA hai / ['naI duniyA' (dainika), indaura-madhyapradeza, 16 janavarI, 1990]
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : kAvya - jagat meM eka nayA kIrtimAn paNDita prakAza 'hitaiSI' zAstrI karnATaka prAnta meM janme vidyAdhara, jo Aja AcArya vidyAsAgara haiM, jaina samAja meM bahucarcita vidvAn sAdhu haiM / isa para kauna vizvAsa kara sakatA hai ki karnATakavAsI hindI, saMskRta aura prAkRta Adi bhASAoM para isa prakAra se adhikAra kara legA ki tat tat bhASAoM ke vidvAnoM se bhI bahuta Age nikala jaaegaa| mATI jaisI akiMcana, nirjIva vastu ke mAdhyama se Apane dharma, darzana, AcAra, vicAra ke sandarbhoM ko mukta chanda kI Adhunika zailI kI kavitA meM nibaddha karake kAvya-jagat meM eka nayA kIrtimAn sthApita kiyA hai / suyogya zilpI kumbhakAra miTTI kI yogyatA aura bhAvya zakti dekha kara apane kauzala se use svaccha, sAfa kara usakA sarvopayogI jIvana kA nirmANa kara detA hai, jaise ki ziSya kI yogyatA ke anusAra guru usake nirmANa meM sahAyaka bana jAtA hai / 1 yaha eka pratIkAtmaka kRti hai jo mahAkAvya kI zreNI meM AtI hai / isameM miTTI maMgala kalaza kA rUpa dhAraNa karake maMgala kA pratIka bana jAtI hai, jisakA upayoga maMgala kAryoM meM pramukhatA se kiyA jAtA hai| maMgala ghaTa banane ke pUrva use jina-jina kaThina parISahoM aura parIkSAoM se guz2aranA par3atA hai, ve dRzya hamArI sAdhanA kI ora iMgita karate haiM / Atma-sAdhanA meM bhI du:saha parIkSAoM meM uttIrNa honA par3atA hai| usa mATI ko pAnI kI ativRSTi bahA le jAtI hai tathA anAvRSTi mATI ko rUkSa aura zuSka banAkara usakA astitva samApta karanA cAhatI hai, kintu ye pratikUlatAe~ bhI mATI kA astitva samApta na kara skiiN| jaise sAdhanA ke patha meM aneka pratikUlatAe~ AtI haiM kintu ve use bAdhAe~ utpanna nahIM kara sakatIM balki ve bAdhAe~ use sAdhaka hI siddha ho jAtI haiN| vaha maMgala kalaza ina saba bAdhAoM ko pAra kara suhAganoM ke zikhara para sabase agrapaMkti meM puSpa mAlA aura svastika va zrIphala se suzobhita, zRMgArita hokara maMgala kAryoM meM maMgalamaya bana gayA hai, jaise ki sAdhaka apane lakSya ko prApta kara svayaM maMgalamaya aura maMgalakArI bana jAtA hai| AcAryazrI kI sUjhabUjha, alaMkAroM kI sAja-sajjA, nATakIya dRzya, rocaka aura lubhAvane saMvAda adhyAtma ke rahasyoM ko udghATita karate dekhe jAte haiM / isameM dravyazakti kA jJAna karAkara usameM supta sambhAvanAoM ko jAgRta karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / jaise ratna ko zANa para car3hAkara usako apanI nirdoSa sthiti meM lAkara bahumUlya aura jyotirmaya banA diyA jAtA hai, vaise hI maMgala kalaza ko ave kI agni / bhaTThI meM DAlakara paripakva avasthA meM lAkara kumbhakAra usako mahimAvanta banA detA hai / kavitA kA mukhya uddezya kavi aura pAThaka ko AnandAnubhUti karAnA hai / isalie kavitA kA mUlaguNa usakI bhAvAtmaka prakRti hai / ata: usameM nihita upadeza mana aura buddhi ko Andolita karate haiN| bhale hI kavitA lokahita kI preraNA se likhI ho, kintu usameM bhI rasoM ko vizeSa mahattva diyA jAtA hai jo kAvya meM sarvatra dRSTigocara ho rahe haiN| kavitA kI racanA sAmAnyataH yA to prabandha kAvya ke rUpa meM kI jA sakatI hai yA muktaka kavitA ke rUpa meM / prabandha kAvya meM kisI kathA vizeSa kA Azraya liyA jAtA hai| sampUrNa mAnava jIvana ko dRSTi meM rakhakara likhe jAne vAle prabandha kAvya ko mahAkAvya kahate haiM aura jIvana kI kisI eka pakSa ko chUne vAlI ghaTanA kA varNana jisameM kiyA jAtA hai use khaNDa kAvya kahate haiM / sampUrNa mAnava-jIvana ko lakSya meM rakhakara likhita yaha racanA mahAkAvya kI zreNI meM AtI hai, ata: isako mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| viSaya aura zailI donoM dRSTi se kavitAoM ke guNa isameM prApta hote haiM / bhASA kI saralatA aura pravAhapUrNa gati isakI ullekhanIya vizeSatA hai / kavi kI cintanapUrNa alaukika pratibhA ke darzana isameM pada-pada para hote haiN| sAhityakAroM kI dRSTi meM yaha kRti sarvAMga sundara hogii| [sampAdaka-'sanmati sandeza' (mAsika), naI dillI, jUna, 1990] O
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________________ 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI dArzanikatA DaoN. ajita zukadeva sat sAhitya cintana evaM anubhUti ke samyak samanvayAtmaka sampreSaNa kA maMjUSA hotA hai, kyoki cintana jahA~ mastiSkagata apanI bahu-AyAmika vyApakatA se sAhitya ko sabala, sateja aura ciraMjIvI banAtA hai, vahA~ anubhUti apanI hRdayagata kalAtmaka, gaharI bhAva pravaNatA se sAhitya ko suSThu aura saMvedanazIla banAne meM sahAyikA hotI hai / ata: cintana aura anubhUti donoM hI sAhitya ke sandarbha meM abhinna haiM aura donoM hI samAna rUpa se sAhitya saMracanA ke lie anivArya tattva ke rUpa meM svIkRta haiN| donoM hI sAMskRtika pariprekSya meM AtmapreSaNa kI maulika pravRtti ke kAraNa deza-kAla kI apekSA se vikasita aura abhivardhita hote rahate haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki koI bhI mahAn sAhityakAra kI kAlajayI racanA apanI sAMskRtika dharAtala para apane saMzliSTa vicAroM athavA cintana ko saMjoe rakhatI hai aura apanI gUr3ha indradhanuSI anubhUtiyoM ko prakSepita karatI huI pAThakoM ke mana:prANa ko AkarSita karatI hai / yadyapi cintana aura anubhUti eka hI satya kI abhivyakti ke do pahalU haiM phira bhI donoM eka-dUsare ke binA apanA astitva kAyama nahIM rakha sakate / cintana sAhitya ke mAdhyama se hI sAmAjika svIkRti grahaNa karatA hai aura usI taraha anubhUti bhI cintana kI sahacarI banakara hI zAzvata svIkAra prApta karatI hai| saca to yaha hai ki cintana kabhI bhI anubhUti se alaga nahIM hotA aura na Aropita hI hotA hai, varan vaha to sarjana-prakriyA meM hI anAyAsa sanniviSTa ho jAyA karatA hai / sat sAhitya isI prakriyA ke mAdhyama se hI apane cintana aura anubhUti ko kSipra evaM nigUr3ha banA pAtA hai / isa sandarbha meM darzana evaM sAhitya antarmukhI pravRtti ke samAna-dharmatva kI bhUmikA adA karate hue donoM hI eka-dUsare se saMgumphita hokara jIvana sambandhI una cirantana praznoM ke uttara dene kA prayatna karate haiM, jo samaya ke antarAla meM paristhitiyoM ke dvArA uThAe jAte haiM / ata: sAhitya sarvadA sAMskRtika nIMva para hI khar3A hokara vartamAna cintana evaM anubhUti ko apane meM AtmasAt karatA huA vikasita hotA rahatA hai aura bhaviSya kA bhI preraNAsrota bana jAtA hai| puna: mAnasikatA ke samAna-dharmatva ke kAraNa sAhitya darzana se kabhI bhI alaga nahIM hotA, balki anubhUta satya ko samastarIya pradAna karane ke lie sarvadA prastuta rahatA hai| isa sandarbha meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki sAhitya kA caramotkarSa athavA pariNati darzana hI hai aura usI prakAra sArvajanIna svIkRti athavA sAmAjika pratiSThA-prApti ke lie darzana kA caramotkarSa sAhitya hI hotA hai / sAhitya taba pUrNa kahalAne kA adhikArI hotA hai jaba usakI anubhUti parama satya kA sAkSAtkAra kara le aura darzana kI carama siddhi taba hotI hai jaba vaha Atmacintana ko AtmAnubhUti ke rUpa meM hRdayaMgama kara le / isI kAraNa pratyeka mahAn sAhityakAra dArzanika hotA hai aura pratyeka mahAn dArzanika sAhityakAra / duniyA ke pratyeka mahAn dArzanikoM kI kRtiyA~ sAhitya tattva se alaga nahIM hai aura na pratyeka siddhasta sAhityakAra kI kRtiyA~ darzanavihIna / ___ ata: 'mUkamATI' apane Apa meM, kAvya-paramparA se alaga haTakara eka aisA mahAkAvya hai jisake sandarbha meM sampUrNa jaina vAGmaya ke sAMskRtika, AdhyAtmika evaM dArzanika jJAna-vikAsa kA saMzliSTa dastAvez2a prastuta huA hai / kyoMki isa mahAkAvya ke racayitA AcArya vidyAsAgarajI svayaM meM sAdhaka, cintaka evaM Adhunika pariveza ke bhoktA kavi haiM aura jinhoMne saMskRta, prAkRta, hindI, aMgrejI Adi bhASAoM ke mAdhyama se vibhinna dRSTibhaMgiyoM se sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai / ve vistRta phalaka para daizika samasta sama-sAmayika gatividhiyoM ke sAtha unake Antarika samasyAoM kI nabz2a pahacAnane meM samartha dIkha par3ate haiM aura unake samyak samAdhAna ke dizA-nirdeza dene meM Akula sakSama / 'santa-sAdhanA ke jIvanta pratirUpa' evaM 'tapasyA se arjita jIvana-darzana ko anubhUti meM racA-pacAkara sabake hRdaya meM guMjarita kara denA' unakA kAmya hai aura maMgala ghaTa ke pratIka ke mAdhyama se bhaviSya ko sArthakatA kI tvarA dekara pratiSThita karanA unakA lkssy|
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________________ 176 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya na kinhIM aitihAsika mahApuruSoM athavA ghaTanAoM ke AdhAra para varNita huA hai na kinhIM kathA-kahAniyoM ke kalpita pramukha pAtra-pAtrAoM ke saMskAra para balki isa mahAkAvya ke nAyaka-nAyikA ke rUpa meM kramaza: mATI evaM kumbhakAra kI udbhAvanA kI gaI hai, jo karmabaddha AtmA kI vizuddhi kI ora bar3hatI maMz2iloM kI muktiyAtrA ke paryAya bana sake haiN|' svAbhAvika hai ki 'mUkamATI' ke cAra adhyAya vastuta: jIva athavA AtmA ke cAra sandarbho kI vyAkhyA karate haiN| prathama adhyAya 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' jIva ke sAdhAraNata: prakRti-svarUpa kA vivecana karatA hai| dvitIya adhyAya 'zabda so bodha nahIM: bodha so zodha nahIM' prakArAntara se samyak darzana kI abhivyaMjanA karatA hai| tRtIya adhyAya 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' evaM caturtha adhyAya agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' kramaza: samyak jJAna evaM samyaka cAritra kI vyAkhyA karate haiN| kyoki ina adhyAyoM meM mATI hI pratIka rUpa meM jIva athavA AtmA ke ina cAroM sandarbho kA sUtradhAra hai jo vibhinna avasthAoM se guz2arate hue mokSAvasthA ko prApta karatA hai / mATI vastuta: anta:salilA kI bhA~ti apane vyaktitva ko surakSita rakhatI huI samasta avAntara sambandhita pAtroM macchara, matkuNa, gulAba ke phUla evaM kA~Te, saritA, seTha, AtaMkavAdI Adi ke sAtha anusyUta dIkha par3atI hai, jo yathocita hI hai| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya cAra adhyAyoM meM vibhAjita jIvana ke cAra AyAmoM kI vyAkhyA karatA hai / yadyapi vaidika cAra AyAmoM kI svIkRti zramaNa saMskRti meM ThIka usI prakAra pracalita nahIM hai, jisa rUpa meM vahA~ hai / zramaNa saMskRti meM prakArAntara se usakA svarUpa saMzodhita kara diyA gayA hai| isa mahAkAvya ke 'mAnasa taraMga' zIrSaka ke antargata ullikhita bhI hai : "...jisane (zramaNa saMskRti) varNa-jAti-kula Adi vyavasthA-vidhAna ko nakArA nahIM hai parantu janma ke bAda AcaraNa ke anurUpa, unameM ucca-nIcatA rUpa parivartana ko svIkArA hai|" "varNa kA Azaya/na raMga se hai/na hI aMga se, varan/cAla-caraNa, DhaMga se hai|" (pR. 47) tAtparya yaha hai ki zramaNa-paramparA meM kartavyoM kA pAlana na jAtivAda ke AdhAra para svIkRta hai, na Azrama ke AdhAra para balki kartavya pUrNata: manuSya mAtra ke lie karaNIya hai aura vaha bhI samAna rUpa se / zramaNa-paramparA meM yadi jAtiyoM kA vibhAjana huA bhI hai to manuSya ke karma ke AdhAra para / ata: koI bhI vyakti kisI bhI jAti kA ho, vaha apanI yogyatA ke anusAra yA to saMnyAsa grahaNa kara sAdhu bana sakatA hai, athavA zrAvaka bana kara sAMsArika kartavyoM kA pAlana karatA huA bhI yathAyogya saMnyAsa kA jIvana vyatIta kara sakatA hai| zramaNa-paramparA meM artha evaM kAma ko khulI chUTa kabhI nahIM dI gaI hai| 'mUkamATI' ke antargata seTha isI bhAva kA pratIka banakara upasthita hotA hai jo antata: dharma aura mokSa kI dehalI para apanA sira Teka detA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke antargata agni ke mAdhyama se adhyAtma evaM darzana kA antara sahaja tathA nape-tule zabdoM meM varNita huA hai, jo zalAghanIya hai : "darzana kA Ayudha zabda hai-vicAra,/ adhyAtma nirAyudha hotA hai sarvathA stabdha-nirvicAra !/eka jJAna hai, jJeya bhI eka dhyAna hai, dhyeya bhii|" (pR. 289) vastuta: darzana kA jahA~ anta hotA hai, vahA~ se hI adhyAtma kA prArambha hotA hai / yadyapi bhAratIya jJAna-mImAMsA adhyAtma ko bhI apane meM sameTane kA prayAsa karatI hai, lekina adhikAMza pAzcAtya dArzanikoM kI dRSTi AdhyAtmika jJAna kI ora nahIM jA pAtI hai| dIpaka ke mAdhyama se jJAna ke sva-para-prakAzaka svabhAva kA varNana bar3A hI acchA bana par3A hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 177 "...dIpaka kI lAla lau/agni-sI lagatI, para agni nahIM, sva-para-prakAzinI jyoti hai vh|" (pR. 370) jJAna jyoti samagratA se sAkSAtkAra karatI hai tathA abheda dRSTi prApta karatI hai : "sva aura para kA bheda/caramarA-sA gayA hai,/saba kucha niHzeSa ho gayA / zeSa rahI basa,/AbhA"AbhA"AbhA"" (pR. 425) jaina darzana meM sat athavA dravya kI paribhASA hai : "utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya-yuktaM sat" (tattvArthasUtra, 5/30) / isa paribhASA ko mahAkavi basanta Rtu ke jAne ke avasara Ama-fahama bhASA ke mAdhyama se prastuta karane meM saphala huA hai, yathA: "AnA yAnI janana-utpAda hai/jAnA yAnI maraNa-vyaya hai aura/lagA huA yAnI sthira-dhrauvya hai/aura/hai yAnI cira-sat yahI satya hai yahI tathya"!" (pR. 185) ___ vastuta: yaha jagat athavA sAMsArika prANiyoM ke sRSTikartA, pAlanakartA athavA saMhArakartA koI nahIM hai / guNa paryAya ke kAraNa jagat athavA prANi mAtra apane nae rUpa ko grahaNa karate haiM aura purAne kA tyAga, jise hama sRjana-pralaya ke nAma se jAnate haiN| vastuta: unakA Atyantika vinAza nahIM hotA hai| ve to cirantana haiN| prANI athavA jIva karmavaza vibhinna gatiyoM-sthitiyoM meM pariramaNa karate rahate haiM, kyoMki : "jaisI saMgati milatI hai/vaisI mati hotI hai|" (pR. 8) punaH, sAMsArika pariveza jIva ko apane sUkSma karmANuoM se prabhAvita karate haiM : "karmoM kA saMzleSaNa honA,/AtmA se phira unakA sva-para kAraNavaza/vizleSaNa honA,/ye donoM kArya/AtmA kI hI mamatA-samatA-pariNati para/AdhArita haiN|" (pR. 15- 16) isa sandarbha meM yaha spaSTa kara denA apekSita hai ki vyavahAra naya se jIva paryAya ke Azrita hai, nizcaya se nhiiN| 'samayasAra' meM kahA bhI hai : "vavahAreNa du ede jIvassa havaMti vaNNamAdIyA / guNaThANaMtA bhAvA Na du keI NicchayaNayassa // " (gAthA 61) varNAdika va rAga-mohAdika guNasthAna paryanta jitane bhI bhAva haiM, ve vyavahAra naya se jIva ke haiM parantu nizcaya naya se koI bhI vaibhAvika bhAva jIva ke nahIM haiN| paramAgama meM padArtha ko dravya aura paryAya rUpa kahA gayA hai / darzana kI bhASA meM isI ko sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki vastu dravya kI apekSA se sAmAnya evaM paryAya kI apekSA se vizeSa mAnI gaI hai| nizcaya naya hI dravyArthika naya saMjJA se abhihita hotA hai aura vyavahAra naya paryAyArthika naya saMjJA se / puna: yahA~ yaha bhI spaSTa kara denA samIcIna mAlUma par3atA hai ki paryAya do prakAra kI hotI haiM- sva-nimittika evaM sva-paranimittika / kAlAdi sAmAnya nimittoM kI vivakSA na karane para dharma, adharma Adi sabhI dravyoM kA anAdikAla se jo pariNamana calA A rahA hai, vaha sva-nimittika paryAya hai aura pudgala dravya ke saMyoga se jIva meM jo rAgAdika rUpa pariNamana
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________________ 178 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA hotA hai vaha tathA jIva ke saMyoga se pudgala meM jo karmAdika rUpa pariNamana hotA hai vaha sva-para-nimittika paryAya hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki rAgAdika dravyakarma ke udaya se AtmA rAgI-dveSI dekhA jAtA hai / isa sandarbha meM mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' ke vibhinna kathanoM meM vibhinna rUpakoM ke mAdhyama se karma, bhAvanA, lezyAoM kI samasta prakRtiyoM ke bahuvidha svarUpoM kA abhivyaMjana huA hai, jo sahaja, sarala evaM sarasa hai / mahAkavi darzana ke nIrasa siddhAntoM ko bhI kAvya kI santulita zabdAvaliyoM kA AvaraNa dekara suSThu evaM samajha ke lAyaka banAne meM saphala huA hai / bahuAyAmika raMgIle bAdaloM kI oTa meM lezyAoM kA varNana apUrva hai, jo racayitA kI kuzalatA kA paricAyaka hai / nIla lezyA ke citraNa kI bAnagI draSTavya hai: "viSa ugalatA viSadhara-sama nIlA nIla-kaNTha, lIlA-vAlA-/jisa kI AbhA se pakA pIlA dhAna kA kheta bhI:haritAbhA se bhara jAtA hai|" (pR. 228) jaina darzana sarvadA evaM sarvathA aikAntika kathana kA virodhI hai, isalie ise anekAntavAdI darzana kahA gayA hai| vaha mAnatA hai ki mAtra jIva dravya hI nahIM balki pratyeka vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hai 'anantadharmAtmakameva tattvam' aura usake svarUpa jJAna ke lie deza, kAla, bhAva, jAti, varga Adi kI apekSA hotI hai / punaH usake niSedhAtmaka guNoM kI bhI jAnakArI Avazyaka hai / dUsare zabdoM meM, vastu ko sattAtmaka arthAt sva-paryAya evaM niSedhAtmaka arthAt para-paryAya donoM kA samuccaya mAnA gayA hai / ata: vastu ke samasta guNoM kA jJAna kevala sarvajJa ko hI sambhava hai, sAdhAraNa manuSya ke lie nhiiN| sAdhAraNa manuSya ke jJAna prApti kI vibhinna dRSTiyA~ AMzika nirNaya ke rUpa meM naya' kahI jAtI haiM aura ina vibhinna dRSTiyoM kA samanvita rUpa hI anekAnta kahA jAtA hai / vastuta: anekAnta vibhinna dRSTibhaMgiyoM kA mizraNa mAtra nahIM hai balki eka svatantra dRSTi hai, jisake dvArA vastu kA pUrNa svarUpa pratibhASita hotA hai / yaha virAT vastu ko jAnane kI vaha paddhati hai athavA prakAra hai, jisameM vastugata vivakSita dharma ko jAnakara bhI anya dharmoM kA niSedha nahIM kiyA jAtA hai balki unheM gauNa yA avivakSita kara diyA jAtA hai / isa anekAntavAdI paddhati kI abhivyakti syAdvAda dvArA hI sambhava hai| isa sandarbha meM 'mUkamATI' meM abhivyakta mahAkavi ke vicAra bar3e hI nape-tule zabdoM meM abhivyaMjita hue haiM, jo mahAkavi ke sUjhabUjha evaM dArzanika abhijJAna ke dyotaka haiM, yathA : 0 "eka hI vastu/aneka bhaMgoM meM bhaMgAyita hai aneka raMgoM meM raMgAyita hai, taraMgAyita !" (pR. 146) _ "aba darzaka ko darzana hotA hai-/kumbha ke mukha maNDala para 'hI' aura 'bhI' ina do akSaroM kaa| ye donoM bIjAkSara haiM, apane-apane darzana kA pratinidhitva karate haiN| 'hI' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai/'bhI' anekAnta, syAdvAda kA pratIka / hama hI saba kucha haiM/yU~ kahatA hai 'hI' sadA, tuma to tuccha, kucha nahIM ho!'/aura,/'bhI' kA kahanA hai ki/hama bhI haiM tuma bhI ho/saba kucha!/'hI' dekhatA hai hIna dRSTi se para ko 'bhI' dekhatA hai samIcIna dRSTi se saba ko, 'hI' vastu kI zakla ko hI pakar3atA hai / 'bhI' vastu ke bhItarI-bhAga ko bhI chUtA hai|" (pR. 172-173) samyak darzana, samyak jJAna ke satya hI sAtha samyak cAritra kI anivAryatA jaina dharma meM svIkRta hai / bauddha dharma meM bhI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 179 samyak jJAna, samyak zIla evaM samyak samAdhi ke rUpa meM aSTAMga mArga ko sameTa liyA gayA hai| vaidika dharma-darzana meM yadyapi jJAna mArga, karma mArga, bhakti mArga evaM rAjayoga mArga ke rUpa meM alaga-alaga mArgoM kA ullekha huA hai, phira bhI ve mArga nitAnta apane svarUpa meM eka-dUsare se alaga nahIM haiN| mokSa kI prApti ke lie sabhI bhAratIya dharmoM meM cAritra athavA A kA saMyamita pAlana Avazyaka hI nahIM, anivArya mAnA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki AdhyAtmika unnayana ke krama meM manuSya dRr3hatA se niyama - pAlana kA vidhAna hai aura sabhI bhAratIya dharma kamobeza AcAra niyamoM kA pAlana karate haiN| khAsakara zramaNa paramparA meM atyadhika tyAga, tapasyA, AcAra pAlana, upavAsa Adi para avadhAna diyA gayA hai| jaina dharma zramaNa paramparA kI hI eka zAkhA hai / phalata: isa dharma meM AcAra ke samyak rUpa ke binA samyak jJAna evaM darzana bhI adhUrA hai| svAbhAvika hai ki jaina dharma meM AcAra pAlana kI dRr3hatA, saMyamita jIvanayApana kI anivAryatA avicchinna rUpa meM svIkAra kI gaI hai| yahA~ taka kahA gayA hai ki jinavANI kA sAra AcAra hI hai : " aMgANaM kiM sAro ? AyAro !" (AcArAMga ni.,gaa.16)| puna: prarUpaNA kA sAra AcAra hI mAnA gayA hai / "sAro parUvaNAe caraNe " - AsthA se pUrita saMkalpa sAdhakoM ko sAthI bana kara AdhyAtmika unnayana meM sahAyaka hotA hai : "... jIvana kA / AsthA se vAstA hone para / rAstA svayaM zAstA hokara sambodhita karatA sAdhaka ko / sAthI bana sAtha detA hai|" (pR. 9) isa sandarbha meM bodha evaM zodha kA pArthakya bhI draSTavya hai : "bodha kA phUla jaba / DhalatA-badalatA, jisameM vaha pakva phala hI to / zodha kahalAtA hai / bodha meM AkulatA palatI hai / zodha meM nirAkulatA phalatI hai, phUla se nahIM, phala se / tRpti kA anubhava hotA hai|" (pR. 107) vicAra evaM AcAra vastuta: eka-dUsare para nirbhara hote haiM aura samyak sampreSaNa ke kAraNa bhI / mahAkavi ke zabdoM " vicAroM ke aikya se / AcAroM ke sAmya se / sampreSaNa meM nikhAra AtA hai|" (pR. 22) yahA~ taka ki ina tInoM meM ekatA kI apekSA munidharma kI kuMjI hai: "manasyekaM vacasyekaM karmaNyekaM mhaatmnaam|" niyama pAlana kA ullaMghana manuSya ko apane lakSya - patha se cyuta kara detA hai, bhale hI vaha manuSya mahAmAnava kyoM na ho, yathA : "lakSmaNa-rekhA kA ullaMghana / rAvaNa ho yA sItA rAma hI kyoM na ho / daNDita karegA hI !" (pR. 217 ) puna: asAvadhAnI ke kAraNa bhI, abhyAsI mahApuruSa ko kabhI-kabhI apane patha para phisalana kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai: " prAthamika dazA meM / sAdhanA ke kSetra meM / skhalana kI sambhAvanA pUrI banI rahatI hai, beTA ! / svastha - praur3ha puruSa bhI kyoM na ho kAI - lage pASANa para / pada phisalatA hI hai ! / itanA hI nahIM, nirantara abhyAsa ke bAda bhI / skhalana sambhava hai|" (pR. 11)
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________________ 180 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA isalie sAdhanA ke kSetra meM manuSya ko dRr3hasaMkalpa evaM aTUTa dharma kA pAlana apekSita hai, kyoMki : "cira-kAla se sotI / kArya karane kI sArthaka kSamata dhairya-dhRti vaha / kholatI hai apanI A~kha / dRr3ha saMkalpa kI goda meM hI / " (pR. 68) puna: saMyama kI zikSA kA saMskAra prApta' hone para hI zilpI ke saMyamita donoM hAtha kArya karane ke lie uThate haiN| jo vastuta: vicAravAn haiM, unheM hI pApakarma se bhaya hotA hai : Aja ke pariveza meM zramaNa athavA sAdhu kI bahulatA hai lekina unameM kitane haiM jo vAstava meM sAdhutva kA pAlana karate haiM ? isa silasile meM mahAkavi ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai : "koSa ke zramaNa bahuta bAra mile haiM/ hoza ke zramaNa hote virale hii|" (pR. 361) zramaNa athavA zrAvaka ke dharma se samparkita kitane hI viSayoM ke sambandha meM mahAkavi ne sUkSmatA se vicAra kiyA hai / svayaM saphala sAdhaka hone ke kAraNa unake vicAroM meM saccAiyA~ haiM, kyoMki unhoMne svayaM anubhava kiyA hai / ata: unake ve vicAra anubhUtiyA~ kI qharAda para ghisakara apanI asaliyata hone kA dAvA peza karate haiM aura kuzala sAhitya ke mAdhyama se jana-sAdhAraNa taka pahu~cane kI kSamatA arjita karate haiM / unakA anubhava satya kitanA saTIka evaM mArmika bana par3A hai: D O "andhA nahIM, / A~kha vAlA hI bhayabhIta hotA hai parama- saghana andhakAra se / " (pR. 232) O O " mahApuruSa prakAza meM nahIM Ate / AnA bhI nahIM cAhate, prakAza-pradAna meM hI/unheM rasa AtA hai / " (pR. 245) " para se sva kI tulanA karanA/parAbhava kA kAraNa hai dInatA kA pratIka bhI / " (pR. 339) " kisI kArya ko sampanna karate samaya / anukUlatA kI pratIkSA karanA sahI puruSArtha nahIM hai / " (pR. 13) " mUla meM kabhI / phUla khile haiM ? / phaloM kA dala dolAyita hotA hai / cUla para hI Akhira !" (pR. 10 ) ataH 'mUkamATI' ke mahAkavi bar3e hI susajjita DhaMga se apane jIvana-darzana ke Aloka meM jaina darzana kI vyAkhyA karane meM sakSama ho sake haiN| darzana ke sAtha sAhitya kA yaha maNi- kaMcana saMyoga nizcaya hI sama-sAmayika sAhitya saMracanA ke kSetra meM rekhAMkita karatA hai, aisA merA vizvAsa hai / pR. 483 nisargasehI san-dhAtu kI bhA~ti 'bhinna-bhinna upasarga pA. tumane svayaM ko....... huA! -
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : laghutA kI mahattA kA mahAkAvya prophe. (DaoN.) pramoda kumAra siMha bhAratIya paramparA kavi ko mantradraSTA svIkAra karatI hai| yaha RcAoM ko mantra aura anuSTupoM ko ArSa vANI mAnatI hai / isake mahAkAvyoM meM apadArtha krauMcI (vAlmIki, 'rAmAyaNa', bAla kANDa, 2/19) aura kutte (mahAbhArata, Adiparva-pauSyaparva, 3/2)ke krandana mukharita hote haiN| isakI samadarzitA hi 'aNoraNIyAn mahato mahIyAn' ke mahAvAkya meM jhaMkRta hotI hai / hama hara vAmana meM virATa ko dekhane ke abhyAsI rahe haiN| hamArA vAmana samagra deza-kAla ko DhAI pagoM meM hI mApane kA parAkrama karatA rahA hai / laghutA kI mahattA kI yaha svIkRti bhAratIya manISA kI cira-paricita pravRtti rahI hai / AcArya vidyAsAgara kI 'mUkamATI' meM padAkrAnta mRttikA ke gUMgepana ko svara dene ke pIche hamArI yahI sanAtana pragatizIlatA lakSita hotI hai| _ hindI meM eka samaya rAmadhArI siMha dinakara ke sAtha amUrta AkAza se Thosa 'miTTI kI ora' agrasara hone kA nArA sumitrAnandana panta ne bhI pluta svara meM uchAlA thaa| usa halle ko pragativAda jJApita kiyA gayA thA / loga dharatI kI dhUla aura akiMcana viSayoM ke pravaktA bana baiThe the / hindI ke rAjapatha para patthara tor3ane vAlI majarina A baiThI thI (sUryakAnta tripAThI 'nirAlA', 'anAmikA') aura kaviyoM ko kUr3A-karkaTa bhI rucikara lagane lagA thA / hama raddI cIjeM baTorane vAle AvArA lar3akoM (pantajI-'tArA patha') aura 'maile A~cala' (pantajI-'puSkariNI') ke murIda ho gae the| isa sthiti ko bhAratIya sAhitya meM eka nayA mor3a mAnA gayA thA, kintu usa yuga ke utsAhI Alocaka yahIM para cUka bhI gae the| unhoMne apanI sudIrgha paramparA meM nihita pragatizIla mUlyoM kI par3atAla kA prayatna nahIM kiyA / mArksavAda ne unheM itanA mohAndha kara diyA thA ki sudUra atIta ke mAnavavAdI mUlya hI nahIM, chAyAvAda ke jIvanta tattva bhI unake lie agocara bane rahe / ve hindI ke bagIce meM gulAba aura kukuramutte kI khetI ke khela meM ulajhe rahe, kintu naye pattoM ke nikaTa unheM purAne puSpoM ke parimala kI yAda nahIM aaii| svayaM 'kukuramuttA' ke kavi nirAlAjI kI 'parimala' meM prakAzita kaNa' zIrSaka chAyAvAdI kavitA kI ye paMktiyA~ bhI unakA mArgadarzana nahIM kara sakIM : "par3e hue sahate ho atyAcAra/pada-pada para sadiyoM ke pada-prahAra, badale meM, pada meM komalatA lAte/kintu hAya, ve tumheM nIca hI haiM kaha jAte ! tumheM nahIM abhimAna,/chUTe nahIM, na priya kA dhyAna, isase sadA mauna rahate ho,/kyoM raja, viraja ke lie hI itanA sahate ho?" bhArata miTTI kI mahimA kA udgAtA rahA hai / 'atharvaveda' (12/1/1/26) kA 'pRthivIsUkta' hI nahIM, dharitrI zraddheyA putrI sItA se sampRkta samasta rAma-sAhitya se isakI puSTi hotI hai / miTTI khAnevAle dAmodara aura gocAraNa kI dhUli se vibhUSita kRSNa bhI isa satya ko svasti dete haiN| Ahata madhyakAlIna bhArata ke jujhArU kavi kabIra (kabIra vacanAvalI-410) ne sabako sarva kara dene vAlI 'mATI' ke mahattva kI jo sAkhI dI hai usase deza ke tatkAlIna niSpeSita evaM rauMde gae dInajanoM ke darpa kI pratIti bemisAla hotI hai / adhyAtma meM lipaTA huA yaha yugAveza bemisAla hai : "mATI kahai kumhAra ko tUM kyA rU~dai mohi / ika dina aisA hoyagA maiM rUMdUMgI tohi|" pada-dalita manuSyatva ke isI vinamra, kintu akSaya sAhasa ko santa-sAhitya meM nAnaka ne dUba kI aparAjeya jIvanI-zakti ke smaraNa dvArA bhI mUrta kiyA hai: "nAnaka nanheM rahau jaise nanhIM dUba / aura rUkha sukha jAyeMge dUba khUba kI khUba / '" Adhunika hindI-kAvya meM mRttikA-stavana ke kaI sAkSya milate haiN| navajAgaraNa kI USmA aura svAtantryasaMgrAma kI Aga meM tapI deza kI miTTI kI racanAtmaka zakti kI acchI pahacAna rASTrakavidvaya maithilIzaraNa gupta evaM
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________________ 182 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA rAmadhArI siMha dinakara meM milatI hai / guptajI ne apanI kRti 'maMgala ghaTa' meM tathA 'rASTra kavi maithilIzaraNagupta abhinandana grantha' meM bhI yugIna miTTI kI sAdhanA ko 'maMgala ghaTa' ke rUpa meM pariNata hote dikhalAyA hai : "phira bhI tujhako tapanA hogA/klezoM se na kalapanA hogA yoM maMgala ghaTa apanA hogA/bhara ghara-ghara-dhara AU~/merI miTTI, maiM bali jaauuN|" dinakara ne apanI 'acetana bhRtti, acetana zilA', 'sAmadhenI' meM kalpaka kI pratIkSA meM par3I huI 'acetana mRtti' kI spRhA evaM niyati ko AkAra diyA hai : "grahaNa karatI nija satya-svarUpa/tumhAre sparzamAtra se dhUla, kabhI bana jAtI ghaTa sAkAra/kabhI raMjita, suvAsamaya phuul|" __ve hI 'o jvalanta icchA azeSa', 'pratIka' ke antargata balisikta bhUmi' meM aMkuroM kA prasphuTana sambhava banAne vAlI miTTI kI jisa taraha abhyarthanA karate haiM: "kAyA prakalpa ke bIja mRtti meM U~gha rahe / " "aMjali-bhara jala se bhI ugate dUrvA ke dala vasudhA na mUlya ke binA dAna kucha letI hai| au' zoNita se sIMcate aMga hama jaba usakA badale meM sUraja-cA~da hameM vaha detI hai|" ajJeya usakI vAsantI 'IhA' se camatkRta haiM aura sumitrAnandana panta usake dAna ke prati natazira haiM : "vasanta ke usa alhar3a dina meM eka bhide hue, phaTe hue loMde ke bIca se bar3hakara aMkura ne/tunuka kara kahA/miTTI hI IhA hai !..." (ajJeya, miTTI kI IhA', 'pUrvA') "ratna prasavinI hai vasudhA, aba samajha sakA hU~ !" __-(panta, 'A: dharatI kitanA detI hai !', - 'tArApatha') 'mUkamATI' hamAre sAhitya meM nihita isI mRttikA-prema ko eka mahAkAvyAtmaka AyAma dene vAlI kRti hai| vairAgya aura titikSA kI zramaNa-paramparA ke kavi kI miTTI ke prati yaha unmukhatA vicAraNIya hai| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI muni haiM / mauna rahanA unakI tapasyA hai| unakI mATI' bhI 'mUka' hai / yaha mUkatA miTTI aura kavi-donoM kI sAdhanA hai / isakI mukharatA loka-jIvana ke lie tapasyA kI upAdeyatA hai / virati kI yaha lokAnurakti jIvanagata sAphalya ko rekhAMkita karatI hai / nivRttiparaka santa-paramparA meM lokaniSThA aura sAmAjika maMgala kI abhIpsA kA kabhI abhAva nahIM rahA hai / yaha akAraNa nahIM hai ki mahArASTra ke santa gorovA yA gorA kumhAra siddhi kI paripakvatA ke parIkSaNa ke lie pake ghar3e ko pratimAna mAnate haiN| vinobAjI (gItA pravacana', pR. 40) mAnate haiM : "kaccI miTTI ko rauMda-rauMdakara samAja ko pakkI ha~r3iyA denevAlA gorA kumhAra apane mana meM aisI pakkI gA~Tha bA~dhatA hai ki mujhe apane jIvana kI bhI ha~DiyA pakkI banA lenI cAhie / isa prakAra vaha hAtha meM thapakI lekara 'ha~r3iyA kaccI hai yA pakkI ?'- yoM santoM kI parIkSA lenevAlA parIkSaka bana jAtA hai|" parazurAma caturvedI-'uttarI bhArata kI santaparamparA' (pR. 112) meM likhate haiM : "... jJAnadeva kI bahana muktAbAI ke pUchane para gorAvA ne kahA ki maiM miTTI ke bartana
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 183 ThoMkane vAlI apanI thApI kI sahAyatA se jA~cakara yaha nizcita rUpa se batalA sakatA hU~ ki ukta maNDalI meM se kauna pakkA aura kauna kaccA manuSya samajhA jA sakatA hai| itanA hI nahIM, unhoMne sacamuca apanI thApI uThAyI aura ve kramaza: sabake zira ko usase ThoMka-ThoMkakara apanI sammati dene lge|" 'mUkamATI' bhArata ke jAtIya sAhitya kI antazcetanA se ota-prota hai| isameM vaidika bhUmi-prema kI vyApakatA, laghutA kI garimA ke khyApaka ArSa mahAkAvyoM kI samadarzitA, nirguNapanthI santoM kI vANiyoM meM gUMjatI dalitoM evaM apAtroM kI asmitA, svAtantrya-samara meM tapane vAle janoM kI manasvitA, tathAkathita pragativAda kI yathArthavAditA tathA sanAtana adhyAtma-sAdhanA kI pratIkAtmakatA eka sAtha sampuTita hai / bhAratIya sAhitya ke isa mahAgha riktha ko svAyatta karane ke kAraNa yaha racanA anAyAsa hI mahAkAvya kA kalevara dhAraNa kara letI hai / apanI paramparAoM ko saphalatA ke sAtha AtmasAt karane vAlI yaha racanA TI. esa. iliyaTa kI kasauTI para 'klaoNsika' siddha hotI hai| kisI 'pirAmiDa' kI taraha isakI advitIyatA isa artha meM caritArtha hotI hai ki yahA~ mATI' jaise atizaya sAdhAraNa viSaya ko apAra sambhAvanAoM evaM arthagata asAdhAraNa vyaMjanAoM se garbhita kara diyA gayA hai| prArambhika saMskRta-kAvyazAstra ke bharatottara AcAryoM meM anyatama bhAmaha ne 'kAvyAlaMkAra' (1/19) meM 'sargabaddho mahAkAvyaM mahatA ca mahacca yat' ke anusAra 'mahat' tattva ko mahAkAvya kA mUlAdhAra mAnA hai / yaha mahattA kabhI sadvaMzajAta, kaulInyamUlaka aura pAzcAtya vicAraka loginusa ke 'sablAima' yA audAttya ke nikaTa rahI hai to kabhI nagaNyatA meM nihita pAI gaI hai| bhAratIya kAvyazAstra kI bhUmikA' (bhAga 2, pR. 403) meM DaoN. nagendra kA abhimata hai: "lAMjAinasa ke prasiddha nibandha kA pratipAdya hai 'udAtta bhAvanA' / yaha 'udAtta bhAvanA' nizcaya hI jIvana aura kAvya ke asAdhAraNa tattvoM para AdhRta rahatA hai|" itanA hI nahIM, 'kAvya meM udAtta tattva' (pR. 10) meM Apane ullekhita kiyA hai : "loginusa ne audAttya ke pA~ca udgama srotoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| ina pA~coM meM prathama aura sarvapramukha hai mahAn dhAraNAoM kI kssmtaa'..|" vastutaH bhAratIya zabda virATa udAtta kI samagra dhAraNA ko vyakta karane meM adhika samartha hai...| .. bhAratIya kAvyazAstra meM udAtta kA vivecana pratyakSa evaM svatantra rUpa se nahIM kiyA gyaa| kintu dhIrodAtta nAyaka, vIra aura adbhuta rasa tathA oja guNa ke vivecana meM udAtta ke bhAva-vibhAva pakSa kI aura gaur3I yA rIti tathA udAtta alaMkAra prasaMgoM meM usake zailI pakSa kI apratyakSa vivakSA avazya milatI hai" (pR. 24) / choToM aura upekSitoMupekSitAoM ke prati paryApta saMvedanazIla hindI meM mahAkAvyaniSTha mahattA kI avadhAraNA sAmantIya evaM jar3a nahIM, janavAdI tathA vikasanazIla dRSTigata hotI hai| hama mahAdevoM, mahArAjAoM, mahAmantriyoM aura mahAnAyakoM meM hI nahIM, mardita miTTI meM bhI mahattA kI sattA kA anubhava kara lete haiN| ___mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM 'mUkamATI' eka rUpaka (Allegory) hai| 'di nyU ensAiklopIDiyA briTenikA (pR. 277) ke anusAra : "allegory, the written, oral or artistic expression by means of symbolic fictional figures and action of truths or generalizations about human couduct or experience." aisA samajhA jAtA hai ki isa taraha kA rUpabandha vijAtIya hai| isa krama meM jaoNna banayana kI gadyAtmaka kRti 'pilagrimsa progresa aura dA~te kI 'DivAinA kAmeDiyA' kA smaraNa AnA asvAbhAvika nahIM hai, kintu saMskRta-prAkRta ke vizAla anyoktisAhitya kI virAsata sa~bhAlanevAlI hindI kI kisI racanA kI AnyApadezikatA kI avagati ke lie pazcimAbhimukhI honA Avazyaka nahIM hai| saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa' (pR. 591) meM paM. baladeva upAdhyAya ke anusAra : "saMskRta sAhitya meM eka naye prakAra ke rUpaka upalabdha hote haiM jisameM zraddhA, bhakti Adi amUrta padArthoM ko nATakIya pAtra banAyA gayA hai| kahIM to kevala amUrta padArthoM kI hI mUrta-kalpanA upalabdha hotI hai aura kahIM para mUrta-amUrta donoM kA mizraNa hai| ...isa prakAra ke nATakoM ko hamane 'pratIka nATaka' kI saMjJA dI hai, kyoMki inake pAtra amUrta padArthoM ke pratIka-mAtra hote haiM; unakI bhautika jagat meM svatantra sattA nahIM hotii|" saMskRta ke pratIka-nATaka aura jaina-paramparA ke 'nikSepa'
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________________ 184 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sahajataH hamArA mArgadarzana kara sakate haiM / kRSNa mizra ke 'prabodha-candrodaya, yaza:pAla racita 'moharAja parAjaya vedAntadezika kRta 'saMkalpasUryodaya', paramAnandadAsa yA karNapUra ke caitanyacandrodaya AnandarAya makhI praNIta vidyApariNayana' evaM jIvA nandana', nallAdhvarI racita 'cittavRtti-kalyANa' evaM 'jIvanmukti-kalyANa' Adi saMskRta nATakoM aura prAkRta ke 'uttarAdhyayana sUtra', 'sUtrakRtAMga' Adi jaina granthoM tathA harideva ke apabhraMza prabandhakAvya 'mayaNaparAjaya cariu' meM jo AnyApadezikatA milatI hai, use isa mahAkAvya kI rUpakAtmakatA kA svAbhAvika AdhAra mAnane meM koI vipratipatti nahIM hai| hindI meM isakI paramparA ke vizleSaNa krama meM sUphiyoM kA premagAthA sAhitya prAsaMgika hai / AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne malika muhammada jAyasI kI 'jAyasI granthAvalI' (pR. 54) meM aura DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA ne 'hindI sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa' (pR. 328) meM jAyasI kI 'padamAvata' meM anyokti zailI lakSita kI bhI hai| hindI rItikAvya ke pitAmaha kezavadAsa kI 'vijJAnagItA' to 'prabodhacandrodaya' kI chAyA hI hai / Adhunika hindI-sAhitya meM jayazaMkara prasAda kI kAmanA' evaM sumitrAnandana panta kI jyotsnA' meM isa zailI kI nATakIyatA dRSTigata hotI hai / 'kAmAyanI' Adhunika hindI mahAkAvyoM ke kSetra meM isa paddhati ko pUrNata: pratiSThita karatI hai| 'mUkamATI' isa samAmnAtapUrva bandhagata vaiziSTya ko eka sucintita vistAra detI hai| 'kAmAyanI' devasRSTi ke antima pratinidhi ke zivatvalAbha kA AkhyAna hai, kintu 'mUkamATI' tucchatA kI uccatA-prApti kA mahAkAvya hai / AcArya vidyAsAgara kI yaha kRti hindI mahAkAvya ko manu se 'mATI' aura 'kailAsa' se kumbha kI ora le AtI hai| prajApati manu se ghaTa-nirmAtA prajApati taka pahu~cane kI yaha mahAkAvya yAtrA cirantana adhyAtma evaM Ama AdamI ke Adhanika mahattva ko usI taraha samAnAntara DhaMga se vyakta karatI hai jisa taraha 'mithaka' kI sAvitrI yama ko parAbhUta kara apane lakar3ahAre pati kI prANarakSA karatI hai| miTTI se hInatara evaM kisI bhI vastu kI apekSA adhika nazvara 'mATI' kI pratiSThA tathA kumbhatva meM usake unnayana kI jo AnyApadezikatA Alocya kRti meM milatI hai, vaha daihika-aihika yathArtha aura AdhyAtmika satya kI sammilita gAthA 'sAvitrI' kI pratIka-yojanA se hor3a letI hai| jisa taraha maharSi aravinda ke mahAkAvya meM dIna satyavAna kI kathA aura matyavijaya ke AdhyAtmika rUpaka kA yoga anudAtta meM udAtta ke saMgrathana kA paricAyaka hai, usI taraha 'mUkamATI' meM adhamatva ko amaratva dene kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / mahAkAvyagata bhAmahokta mahattA kA yaha viparyaya satya ke syAdvAdI svarUpa kI pratIti karAtA hai ki syAt laghutA meM bhI mahattA kA eka AyAma hotA hai| "mRdu mATI se/laghu jAti se/merA yaha zilpa/nikharatA hai|" (pR.45) .. jaina-darzana ke 'saptabhaMgI naya' meM Izvara nahIM, mAmUlI 'ghaTa' ko dRSTAnta-rUpa meM upasthApita karane kA kadAcit yahI marma hai| pR. 434 apahoM ke ukhase padoM kI, pahavAloMkI pariNati-pati sunaka "parivara staMbhita huaa|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : eka nayA prasthAna-bindu DaoN. jayakumAra jalaja kathAvastu ke kAraNa lambI kAvya yAtrA sarala ho jAtI hai / jahA~ kavitA kamaz2ora par3atI hai, vahA~ kahAnI use sahArA de detI hai / isIlie mahAkAvya/khaNDakAvya ke sAtha kahAnI ko eka anivArya tattva ke rUpa meM jor3A gayA hai / hindI tathA hindI kI pUrvaja bhASAoM meM adhisaMkhya lambI kavitAe~ bhI ve hI haiM, jinake sAtha kahAnI jur3I huI hai| acchI kahAnI yA carita, jaisA ki maithilIzaraNa gupta kahate haiM, apane Apa meM kAvya hotA hai aura usake sahAre koI bhI kavi bana sakatA hai| kaThinAI vahA~ paidA hotI hai jahA~ kavitA ko kahAnI ke binA lambI yAtrA karanI hotI hai / 'kAmAyanI' meM jayazaMkara prasAda ne kahAnI ke para kAphI hada taka katarakara yaha yAtrA kI hai| 'mUkamATI' meM yaha yAtrA aura bhI sAhasika hai, kyoMki isameM kahAnI bahuta kucha anupasthita hai / isalie AcArya vidyAsAgara kA yaha kAvya lambI kavitAoM/ mahAkAvyoM ke kSetra meM eka nayA prasthAna-bindu hai| AcAryazrI kA vicaraNa manuSya hI nahIM jIva mAtra ko mukti kA mArga dikhAne aura talAzane ke lie hai| isalie AtmasAdhanA ke bAvajUda samAja aura pariveza se unakA sarokAra vAstavika aura Antarika hai / phalasvarUpa 'mUkamATI' kI bhASA kitAba kI kama, jIvana kI bhASA adhika hai| usameM aise sthala bahuta kama haiM, jahA~ vaha bhAva yA vicAra sampadA ko prakAzita karane ke sthAna para apane khuda ke hI camatkAra meM ulajhI huI ho / racanAkAra kI pUrva racanAoM kI tulanA meM 'mUkamATI' kI bhASA adhika vikasita aura jIvana tathA samAja se adhika jur3I huI hai / eka ora jahA~ vaha unakI zabdamUla tathA usakI vyutpatti kI pakar3a ko sUcita karatI hai, vahIM dUsarI ora zabda ke prayoga aura pracalana se unake jIvanta paricaya ko bhI spaSTa karatI hai| vaha adhika dhAradAra, spaSTa aura sakSama hai / kavi kI bhASA ke isa vikAsa krama ko dekhate hue yaha ummIda kI jAnI cAhie ki unakI bhaviSya kI kRtiyA~ unheM janabhASA ke adhika nikaTa le jaaeNgii| 'mUkamATI' hindI kavitA kI eka asAdhAraNa upalabdhi hai / lekina isase bar3hakara vaha una upalabdhiyoM kI prastAvanA hai, jo kavi AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI pAvana lekhanI se hone ko hai| AcAryazrI kI AtmasAdhanA, tapazcaryA, jIvoM ko bandha se mukta dekhane kI utkaTa lalaka aura jIva mAtra ke lie nimitta ke rUpa meM unakI sArthaka upasthiti jaisejaise bar3hatI jAegI taise-taise unakI kavitA bhI U~ce zikharoM para pahu~catI jaaegii| ghATiyoM kI paripATI pratIkSita hai abhii| pR. 26 jisakA mAlavarajAlana hai vRddhahai, vizAla hai, bhAvanA bhaNDAra?
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : eka paryAlocana DaoN. ramaNa lAla pAThaka adhyAtma aura kAvya kI samarasatA hindI ke Adhunika mahAkAvyoM meM 'mUkamATI' kA sthAna viziSTa hai kyoMki isake racayitA AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kavikarma meM kuzala hone ke sAtha-sAtha adhyAtma mArga ke purodhA haiM / AcAryajI kA jIvana AdhyAtmikatA ke sarvocca vikAsa kI ora unmukha rahA hai| pratipala adhyAtma jIvana meM jIne vAlA prabuddhayogI jaba kavikarma meM pravRtta hotA hai taba usakI abhivyakti meM kAvya aura adhyAtma kA maNikAMcana yoga dRSTigata hotA hai / gahare AdhyAtmika saMsparzoM se alaMkRta hone para bhI 'kAmAyanI' kAra prasAdajI, 'sAketa'kAra maithilIzaraNa gupta, 'lokAyatana' ke zilpI sumitrAnandana panta, 'urvazI' ke racayitA dinakarajI Adi svanAma dhanya kavipuMgavoM kI tulanA AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke sAtha nahIM kI jA sakatI, kyoMki vidyAsAgarajI ke kavikarma meM adhyAtma aura kAvya kI sahaja samarasatA vizeSa rUpa se samupalabdha hotI hai aura usakA rahasya yaha hai ki AcAryajI pahale yogI haiM aura bAda meM kavi / vidyAsAgarajI ke kavikarma-AlocakoM ko kRti ke isa vaiziSTya ko vizeSa rUpa se rekhAMkita karanA pdd'egaa| AtmA kA saMgIta 'mUkamATI' kavikarma nahIM hai / yaha eka dArzanika santa kI AtmA kA saMgIta bhI hai| hA~, santa saMjJA ke Age dArzanika vizeSaNa jor3ane kI koI anivArya AvazyakatA pratIta nahIM hotI, kyoMki dArzanika santa zabda eka viziSTa avadhAraNA kA saMketaka bana jAtA hai| vAstava meM 'mUkamATI' meM prakaTa rUpa se kahIM bhI jaina dArzanikatA ke pratipAdana kA balapUrvaka AyAsa dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / santa ne sAdhanA aura tapasyA se arjita jIvana darzana ko sabake hRdaya meM guMjarita kara dene kA prayatna mAtra kiyA hai| mujhe to AtmA kA saMgIta' vizeSaNa hI eka mAtra upayukta pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki AtmA kA saMgIta tattvata: AtmA kA saMgIta hotA hai / dArzanika kI AtmA, a-dArzanika kI AtmA, santa kI AtmA, a-santa kI AtmA Adi zabda-vidhAna nirarthaka haiM, kyoMki AtmA to AtmA hotI hai, kisI ke dArzanika-a-dArzanika, santa yA asanta hone se AtmA viziSTa nahIM bana jAtI / vAliyA luTere kI AtmA jaba kaSAyoM se mukta-anAvarita hotI hai taba vaha mahAkavi vAlmIki bana jAtA hai| anubhUti meM racA-pacA jIvana zrI lakSmIcanda jaina dvArA likhita kRti ke prastavana' meM prayukta jIvana darzana ko anubhUti meM racA-pacA kara' vAkya mahattvapUrNa hai / isakA yaha artha hai ki vidyAsAgarajI ne paramparA sammAnya jaina jIvana-darzana ko zAstra-granthoM se par3hA mAtra nahIM hai, sAdhanA ke dvArA use arjita bhI kiyA hai aura jIvana-darzana ke arjana taka hI na rukakara use svAnubhUti meM raca-paca jAne ke anantara hI 'sarvajana hitAya' sulabha banAyA hai| kAvya ko dattacitta hokara par3hane se anubhava hotA hai ki vaha kavi ke jIvana kA abhinna aMga yA jIvana svAbhAvika rUpa, raMga bana gayA hai| jyoM-jyoM kAvya paThana meM Age bar3hate haiM tyoM-tyoM yaha anubhava hotA hai ki prastuta jIvana darzana vividha prasaMgoM evaM parivezoM meM se apane Apa kusumakalI ke naisargika vikAsa ke samAna udghATita hotA calatA hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 187 avinazvara sukha kI samupalabdhi ___ kRti ke anta meM AtaMkavAda ke dvArA 'tumhArI bhAvanA pUrI ho' aisA vacana dene ke lie kI gaI prArthanA ke pratyuttara meM nIrAga sAdhu ke dvArA 'hita-mita-miSTa vacanoM meM jo pravacana diyA jAtA hai ki vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI, avazya milegI'-zabdAvalI atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| dizAbodhaka prastuta kathana meM isa bAta kA abhaya vacana hai ki sAdhaka ko nIrAga sAdhu aura siddhapuruSa ke dharma pravacanoM para dRr3ha vizvAsa rakhakara saMyamabhUta AcaraNa ke dvArA sAdhanA ke mArga para dhairyapUrvaka Age hI bar3hate rahanA caahie| sAdhanA mArga kI antima pariNati bandhana rUpa tana, mana aura vacana ke samUla miTa jAne para mokSa meM hotI hai / mokSa-prApti usa anivArya zuddha dazA kI pIThikA hai jisameM avinazvara sukha kI samprApti hotI hai, aura jise avinazvara sukha kI samupalabdhi hotI hai usake punarapi jananaM punarapi maraNaM punarapi jananIjaThare zayanam' vAlI dazA arthAt saMsAra meM AvAgamana kI paramparA sadaiva ke lie miTa jAtI hai| chandavidhAna ___ mukta chanda ke rAjamArga para 'mUkamATI' kI kavitA calatI hai| isameM zabdalaya ke sAtha-sAtha arthalaya arthAt artha kI gati 'phlo oNpha mIniMga' kA bhI vizeSa khyAla rakhA gayA hai / arthagati ke uparAnta isameM artha kI saMgati arthAt 'rivreTika mIniMga phulanesa' kA nirvAha bhI saphala bana par3A hai| yaha 'mUkamATI' kI eka bar3I upalabdhi hai| 'mUkamATI' kI prabandhAtmakatA ke nirvAha meM isa artha saMgati ne vizeSa yoga diyA hai| kintu yaha bhI avazya hai ki aneka sthAnoM para kavi anuprAsa yojanA aura tuka cAturya ke vyAmoha se baca nahIM pAyA hai aura yaha ve sthala haiM jahA~ kRti kI mahAkAvyAtmaka artha-custI bikhara jAtI hai / isa kAraNa chandamayatA kI dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' ko mahAkAvya kI vAstavika garimA prApta nahIM ho sakI hai| tulasIkRta rAmacaritamAnasa' aura 'mUkamATI' ___ 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya 'rAmacaritamAnasa' kI bhA~ti 'svAnta:sukhAya' praNIta na hokara sarvasAdhAraNa jainI ke mArgadarzana ke lie hI likhA gayA hai / hA~, yaha bAta alaga hai ki tulasI ne 'rAmacaritamAnasa' ke 'svAntaHsukhAya' ke nimitta sarjana karane kI bAta kahI hai phira bhI vaha adhikata: 'bahujanahitAya' hI hai / 'mUkamATI' bhI 'bahujana - hitAya' hI likhA gayA hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki dainika jIvana meM klezotpAdaka avasaroM aura prasaMgoM ko nimitta banAkara kavi ne aisI paristhitiyoM meM logoM ko saMyama, ahiMsA, kSamA Adi kA AcaraNa karane kA upadeza bAra-bAra diyA hai| kahIM-kahIM aisA lagatA hai ki kavi ne upadeza de pAne ke lie ina choTe-choTe prasaMgoM kI avadhAraNA kI hai| caturtha khaNDa meM to aisA lagatA hai ki upadeza pradAna karane ke lie hI usakI racanA kI gaI hai / phalata: mahAkAvya kI kathAvastu meM bikharAva adhika hai, kahIM bhI custI, lAghava, kasAvaTa aura kRti ke mUla pratipAdya nukIle DhaMga se gati dRSTigata nahIM hotii| tulasI ne rAmacaritamAnasa' meM koI bhI aisA sthAna nahIM chor3A hai jahA~ ve rAma kI brahmamayatA kA prakaTa varNana yA usake prati saMketa taka na karate hoM, jabaki 'mUkamATI' meM Atma-sAdhanA ke sarvocca vikAsa yA Izvaratva kI prApti ke lie apekSita sAdhanA-sopAnoM kA sarvAMgINa evaM tArkika pratipAdana kahIM bhI nahIM kiyaa| phira bhI jaina dharma ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie prastuta kRti apanI Rju bhASA-zailI meM sadgRhastha ke pavitra jIvana jIne kI rIti-nItiyoM ke nirUpaNa ke kAraNa 'rAmacaritamAnasa' kI-sI hI lokapriya ho sakatI hai, bazarte isakA samyak pracAra-prasAra kiyA jaae|
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________________ Atma-sAdhanA kI maMgala yAtrA : 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ___ DaoN. vimalA caturvedI AcArya vidyAsAgarajI dvArA racita kAvya 'mUkamATI' vastuta: prakRti evaM usake vibhinna upakaraNa, janajIvana ke dRSTAntoM ke mAdhyama se, jAgatika pratIkoM ke sambala le, sAmAnya jana kI zramaNa saMskRti kI ora agrasara hone evaM sAdhu ke caraNoM meM pahu~cane kI adhyAtma-yAtrA hai / Atmazuddhi prApta karane hetu, jIva kI isa vikAsa-yAtrA ko AcArya kavi ne cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai : 1. saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha, 2. zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM, 3. puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana, 4. agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha / prathama khaNDa meM kavi ne adhyAtma-yAtrA ke prArambha ke lie Avazyaka mAnA varNa kA lAbha, varNa kI zuddhi / kRti kA prArambha nizA ke avasAna tathA uSA ke abhyudaya ke citraNa se hotA hai jo svata: bhoga meM lipta, supta mAnava kI jAgRti kA saMketa detA hai : _ "bhAnu kI nidrA TUTa to gaI hai/parantu abhI vaha/leTA hai mA~ kI mArdava goda meM/mukha para aMcala lekara/karavaTeM le rahA hai / " (pR. 1) uSA ke citraNa ke sAtha hI saritA- taTa kI mATI ke mana kA kSobha vyakta hotA hai / kaba taka vaha isa prakAra par3I rhegii| vaha cAhatI hai isa jIvana se mukti / vaha patitA hai, sukha-muktA, duHkha-yuktA haiM'-kaba aura kaise usakA uddhAra hogA / dharatI sabhI kI mamatAmayI mA~ hai| jIva-mATI kI cAha, utkaNThA dekha vaha use bodha dekara kahatI hai ki AsthA ke tAroM para sAdhaka jaba sAdhanA Arambha karatA hai, tabhI jIvana sArthakatA kI ora agrasara hotA hai| ujjvala himazikhara taka pahu~cane ke lie jisa prakAra athaka vizvAsa, lagana aura niSThA Avazyaka hai, jIva kI sArthakatA ke lie, parama tattva-prApti ke lie bhI inakI AvazyakatA hai| usa patha para skhalana kI sambhAvanAe~ hotI haiM kintu lagana aura abhyAsa sahAyaka hote haiN| AsthA sahI hone para kumbhakAra avazya AegA aura isa patitA, upekSitA mATI ko maMgala ghaTa kA rUpa pradAna kregaa| aura prabhAta meM zilpI kA Agamana hotA hai| maMgala ghaTa ke lie sarvaprathama Avazyaka hai miTTI kI pavitratA, jisake lie vaha usameM nihita kaMkar3oM ko bIna kara pRthak karatA hai| yadi ve kaMkar3a miTTI ke sAtha ghulakara eka rasa ho gae hote to unheM chA~Tane kI AvazyakatA na hotii| isake sAtha hI vaha dayA, mAyA ke bhI spaSTa saMketa detA hai : 0 "pApI se nahIM/pApa se/paMkaja se nahIM,/paMka se/ghRNA kro|" (pR. 50-51) 0 "saMyama kI rAha calo/rAhI bananA hI to/hIrA bananA hai|" (pR. 57) inhIM ke madhya kumbhaka prANAyAma bhI ho jAtA hai / mana kI granthi dUra kie binA ahiMsA nahIM AtI, jo jIva ke lie anivArya hai| "dhammo dayA-visuddho' (pR. 70), 'dhammaM saraNaM gacchAmi' (pR. 70) Adi ke darzana-saMketa bhI samaya, sthAna, bhAvAnusAra jIva ko usakI ora agrasara karate haiM / kavi sthAna-sthAna para vyAkhyA kara kahate haiM ki kaliyuga ho yA satyuga-yaha bAhya nahIM, antas kI dazA-sthiti hai : "sat kI khoja meM lagI dRSTi ho/sat-yuga hai, beTA !
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 189 aura/asat-viSayoM meM DUbI/A-pAda-kaNTha sat ko asat mAnane vAlI dRSTi/svayaM kaliyuga hai, beTA!" (pR. 83) ahiMsaka zilpI ghaTa-nirmANa ke lie kUpa se jala letA hai kintu jala ke jIva pIr3ita na hoM, isakA use dhyAna nirantara hai / isIlie ve kahate haiM- "dhammo dayA-visuddho" (pR. 70) / dvitIya khaNDa kA zIrSaka svayaM apane nihita bhAva ko abhivyakti detA hai ki kevala jJAna hI upalabdhi nahIM detA apitu usameM ramanA, DUbakara, jijJAsA ko jIvita rakhakara Age bar3hanA hogaa| manasA-vAcA-karmaNA se hI sahI gati mila sakatI hai| jIvana ko niyama-saMyama se bA~dhane para bAhya upakaraNoM kI upayogitA kama hogii| zilpI ThiThuratI huI rAta meM mAtra eka sUtI cAdara ko paryApta mAnatA hai / kambala kA nayA artha lekara kama bala vAloM ke lie usakI upayogitA batAtA hai| zilpI ke pAsa to usakI AtmA kA bala hai| adhyAtma yAtrA meM pratizodha Adi bhAvanAoM ke duSpariNAma batAte hue ve rAvaNa aura bAlI kA udAharaNa dete haiN| Atma-vikAsa ke lie kAmadeva ke puSpabANa ke sthAna para zaMkara kA zUla grAhya mAnate haiM, kyoMki eka meM bhoga hai aura dUsare meM yoga / kumbhakAra vahI upadeza detA hai, jo vaha svayaM Acarita karatA hai| usakA kathana hai : "khammAmi, khamaMtu me-/kSamA karatA haiM sabako,/kSamA cAhatA hU~ sabase" (pR. 105) / isa khaNDa meM kavi ne nava rasoM kI mImAMsA apane DhaMga se karate hue karuNa aura zAnta ko adhika zreyaskara mAnA hai"karuNA-rasa jIvana kA prANa hai" (pR. 159), usake uparAnta hI "saba rasoM kA anta honA-/zAnta-rasa hai" (pR. 160) / miTTI saiMdhI, gUMdhI jAkara, cAka para car3hAI jAkara AkAra pAtI hai| zilpI mATI ko bhI batAtA hai ki kAla ko bhI cakra kahate haiM, jisake kAraNa cAra gati, caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM meM jIva ko cakkara lagAnA par3atA hai| vaha cakra rAgadveSamaya hai kintu cakrI kA cakra bhautika jIvana ke avasAna kA kAraNa hotA hai / usa mAdhyama se AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA citraNa kara ve 'dhRti' kA mahattva nirUpita karate haiM : "mAna-ghamaNDa se achUtI mATI/piNDa se piNDa chur3AtI huI kumbha ke rUpa meM DhalatI hai/kumbhAkAra dharatI hai dhRti ke sAtha dharatI ke Upara uTha rahI hai|" (pR. 164) tRtIya khaNDa kI kathAtmakatA dvitIya khaNDa kA hI agrima caraNa hai / puNya kA patha grahaNa karane se pApa svayaM pRthak hokara chUTane lagate haiM : "para-sampadA kI ora dRSTi jAnA/ajJAna ko batAtA hai / " (pR. 189) santoM kA sahI patha to dharatI kA patha hai jo kevala detI hai, pAne kI AkAMkSA usako nhiiN| vaha sarva-sahA hai| isa kAraNa hI vaha pratikAra nahIM karatI / puNya karma karane vAlA, svArtha-saMgraha Adi kA parityAga karane vAlA hI zramaNa kI zaraNa taka pahu~cakara, pravacana-prApti kA adhikArI hotA hai / kavi apane buddhikauzala se nArI, abalA, mahilA, duhitA, sutA Adi ke anUThe arthoM meM vivecanA karate haiN| ina sabakA koI na koI AdhyAtmika bhAva hai| sAra rUpa meM unakA saMketa hai ki nirantara sAdhanA se jJAna-granthi khulatI hai aura yahI sAdhanA hamako bheda se abheda kI ora, veda se aveda kI ora le jAtI hai| phira bhI sAdhaka ko Apane dizA-nirdeza dete hue batAyA hai : "apane hI bAhuoM se taira kara/tIra milatA nahIM binA taire" (pR. 267) / kAvya grantha kA caturtha evaM antima khaNDa hai- "agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI raakh|" kumbha ho yA jIva, usako
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________________ 190 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA parama pavitratA prApti ke pUrva agni-parIkSA se guz2ara kara pAra honA par3atA hai| kumbha aba ghaTa kA rUpa le cukA hai kintu usakI paripakvatA ke lie use ave kI agni meM, kaThina sAdhanA kI agni meM tapakara zuddha rUpa prApta karanA hogaa| yaha kArya itanA mahattvapUrNa hai ki kumbhakAra nava bAra navakAra mantra kA pATha kara avA ko agni lagAtA hai : "pUrI zakti lagA kara nAka se/pUraka AyAma ke mAdhyama le udara meM dhUma ko pUra kara/kumbha ne kumbhaka prANAyAma kiyA jo dhyAna kI siddhi meM sAdhakatama hai/nIroga yoga-taru kA mUla hai|" (pR. 279) zabda se zabda aura usase artha nikAla kara kavi unakI mImAMsA karatA hai / kumbha paka cukA hai / usako avA se nikAlanA, usake zuddha paripakva rUpa ke darzana se Ananda advitIya hotA hai| Age AcArya kavi ne sAdhu ke AhAra dAna kI prakriyA varNita kI hai / dAtA hai seTha, kintu vaha dAna ke lie svarNa, rajata kalazoM ke sthAna para mATI ke zuddha kumbha ke dvArA atithi kA satkAra karanA cAhatA hai / usake cayana se svarNa, rajata ke ahaMkArI kumbhoM ko apamAna kA anubhava hotA hai aura pratizodha ke lie ve AtaMkavAdI dala ko AhUta karate haiN| yaha dala kumbha ke nAza, seTha tathA usake parivAra kA vinAza karanA cAhatA hai / seTha parivAra ghaTa sahita unase bacakara calatA hai aura nadI pAra karane kA prayAsa karatA hai| saritA aura jalacara isa pavitra dala kI rakSA aura AtaMkavAdiyoM se virodha lete haiN| pavana jhakore letA hai jisase AtaMkavAda kI naukA DUbane lagatI hai| kumbha sahita parivAra taTa taka pahu~ca jAtA hai, aura : "sarva-prathama cAva se/taTa kA svAgata svIkArate hue kumbha ne taTa kA cumbana liyaa|" (pR. 479) sampUrNa vAtAvaraNa dharmAnurAga se bhara uThA / kumbha parivAra sahita kumbhakAra kA abhivAdana karatA hai| isI samaya dharatI mA~ kA kathana hai : "mA~ sattA ko prasannatA hai, beTA/tumhArI unnati dekha kara mAna-hAriNI praNati dekha kr|" (pR. 482) kintu kumbhakAra meM kahIM koI ahaMkAra nahIM : "yaha saba/RSi-santoM kI kRpA hai,/unakI hI sevA meM rata eka jaghanya sevaka hU~ mAtra,/aura kucha nahIM " (pR. 484) pavitra parivArajanoM se kSamA prApta kara, AtaMkavAdI dala meM bhI parivartana hotA hai aura pASANa phalaka para AsIna sAdhu abhaya kA hAtha uThA mAnoM sabhI ko sama-rUpa se zAzvata sukha kA AzIrvAda dete haiM : "zAzvata sukha kA lAbha ho" (pR. 484) / AtaMkavAdiyoM ne apane jIvana meM na AsthA jAnI hai aura na sAdhanA patha, ata: ve sAdhu se vacana cAhate haiN| sAtha hI usa sukha kA darzana cAhate haiM jo sAdhu ne prApta kara liyA hai yaha sambhava nahIM hai kyoMki unako guru kA Adeza vacana kA nahIM, pravacana dene kA hai / vaha unako samajhAne kA prayAsa karate haiM: "bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA/AmUla miTa jAnA hI/mokSa hai" (pR. 486) Adi / abhI bhI unako Azvasta na hote dekhakara ve kahate haiM : "kSetra kI nahIM,/AcaraNa kI dRSTi se/maiM jahA~ para hU~
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 191 vahA~ Akara dekho mujhe,/tumheM hogI merI/sahI-sahI pahacAna kyoMki/Upara se nIce dekhane se/cakkara AtA hai aura/nIce se Upara kA anumAna lagabhaga galata nikalatA hai|" (pR. 487-488) ___ ve pravacana karate haiM ki jIvana meM vizvAsa, AsthA utpanna karo, tabhI anubhUti hogI aura tabhI gantavya milegA, avazya milegaa| aura phira : "mahA-mauna meM/DUbate hue santa"/aura mAhaula ko animeSa nihaartii-sii/"muukmaattii|" (pR. 488) AcArya kavi ne isa prakAra sAdhanA aura usake lie Avazyaka bhAva-tattva tathA bIca ke par3Ava kI bAdhAoM, unako dUra kara, sahI pAtheya prApta karane ke sAdhana Adi kA citraNa bhI kiyA hai / vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki avasara pAte hI ve deza kI saMskRti, rAjanIti, sAmAjika sthitiyoM para bhI kaTAkSa karate haiM kyoMki kavi antata: jahA~ rahatA hai, usakI viziSTatAoM se achUtA nahIM raha sakatA : "satya kA Atma-samarpaNa/aura vaha bhI/asatya ke sAmane ? he bhagavan /yaha kaisA kAla A gyaa|" (pR. 469) isI prakAra : "prAya: aparAdhI-jana baca jAte/niraparAdha hI piTa jAte, aura unheM/pITate-pITate TUTatI hama |/ise hama gaNatantra kaise kaheM ? yaha to zuddha 'dhanatantra' hai/yA/manamAnA 'tantra' hai !" (pR. 271) isI prakAra sAhitya bhI vahI hai jo sabake hita se yukta hai| apanI bAta kahane ke lie AcArya kavi ne alaMkAroM, pratIkoM kA khulakara prayoga kiyA hai| zabdoM ke navIna artha gar3ha, unakI mImAMsA bhI kI hai| upadeza ke lie ve macchara taka kA upayoga karane se bhI nahIM skucaate| __ pUrI kRti kA adhyayana karane para yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki mUlata: ve kumbha, kumbhakAra ke mAdhyama se darzana saMketa denA cAhate haiN| yaha kRti sAMsArika vyakti ko bhoga se yoga kI ora mur3akara, zramaNa-saMskRti kI ora bar3hakara AtmasamarpaNa kA dizA saMketa pradAna karatI hai| pRSTha236-237 lo, vicAroM meM samAnatA - ---AkulatA karanI badI hai| / - 5
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : eka vihaMgAvalokana pro. ajIta kumAra varmA kavitA bhAvanA kA udgItha hai, jAgrata AtmA kA saMgIta hai aura hai vaha bahuvidha vicAraNAoM kA prapAnaka / kavitA meM bhAvanA kI loriyA~ gunagunAtI haiM, kAmanAoM ke sapane jhilamilAte haiM; kavitA AtmA ke satyAnveSI UrdhvArohaNa kI yAtrA gAthA hai, kavitA vicAroM ke sandohana kA tattva-saMcayI pAvana yajJa hai / kavitA anubhUti hai, cintana hai, vidyA hai, kalA hai / kavitA kalpanA bhI hai, yathArtha bhI; anumAna bhI hai aura satya-sandhAna bhI / kavitA kabhI dhyAna ke phalaka para citrita hotI hai, kabhI jJAna ke sarovara meM, kamala kI paMkhur3iyoM meM khilatI hai / kavitA mAnasa meM utarakara vicAra meM kauMdhatI hai, cintana meM kauMdhatI hai / vaha hRdaya meM DUbakara anubhUti kA rasa banatI hai / kavitA kabhI hRdaya umar3atI hai to kabhI mastiSka se ubharatI hai / aura, saccI aura acchI bAta to yaha hai ki U~cI kavitA hRdaya aura mastiSka kI, anubhUti aura cintana kI, svapna aura yathArtha kI samanvita santulita jhaMkRti hai / tattvabodha aura rasabodha ke samanvaya kI z2amIna para kavitA - saccI, TikAU aura U~cI kavitA - janma letI hai aura hRdaya se lekara mastiSka ke AkAza taka kavitA kA yaha masta mukta, pAkhI nirbAdha rUpa se ur3atA rahatA hai / kavitA ke ur3ana- pAkhI ke pA~va meM z2amIna kI dhUla bhI lagI rahatI hai to usake paMkha meM AkAza kI anantatA samAhita ho uThatI hai / kavitA, apane astitva ke lie, kalpanA, vyApaka aura sUkSma nirIkSaNa, gahana cintana aura tIvra saMvedanazIlatA se racanAtmaka UrjA prApta karatI hai| isa taraha zreSTha kavitA meM vaicArikatA aura bhAvukatA kA maNi- kAMcana saMyoga rahatA hai| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI kRti 'mUkamATI' vastuta: vicArazIlatA aura bhAvapravaNatA kI samanvita santulita pariNati hai / isa kRti kA bhAvaloka vimugdha mana kA svapna darzana bhara nahIM hai balki eka udAtta svapna ke satyApana kA sarjanAtmaka karma - loka hai / isa kRti kA vicAra jagat tarkazIla mastiSka kI zuSka sRSTi nahIM hai / isake vicAra anubhava, anucintana aura sUkSma nirIkSaNa se sampuSTa evaM saMvarddhita hue haiN| 'mUkamATI' kA kavi zabdoM kA kalAkAra mAtra nahIM hai aura isalie yaha kRti kalpanA tathA bhAvanA kI zabda lIlA mAtra nahIM hai| yaha eka tattvAnveSI cintaka kI kAvyaracanA hai, eka spaSTa aura svaccha citta vAle sAdhaka kI racanA - yAtrA kI zabdAtmaka gAthA hai| ata: isameM vicAra sAfasAfa vyaMjita hue haiM / sahaja, paricita udAharaNoM se apanA mantavya kavi dekhate-dekhate pAThakoM ke hRdaya meM utAra detA hai / 'mUkamATI' kA kavi jIvana ke suSThu vikAsa ke lie, usakI sArthaka maMgalamayI pariNati aura caritArthatA ke lie saMyama, sAdhanA aura abhyAsa 'Avazyaka mAnatA hai / yaha eka anubhavasiddha satya hai / isa satya ko kavi suparicita udAharaNa tathA atyanta sarala bhASA dvArA pAThaka ke mana taka sampreSita karatA hai : " prAthamika dazA meM / sAdhanA ke kSetra meM / skhalana kI sambhAvanA pUrI banI rahatI hai, beTA !" (pR. 11) ina paMktiyoM meM nivedita anubhava siddha sacAI ko kavi atyanta sahaja udAharaNa dvArA svIkArya banA detA hai : " svastha - praur3ha puruSa bhI kyoM na ho / kAI lage pASANa para pada phisalatA hI hai !" (pR. 11) vicAraka kavi ne jIvana kI saphalatA ke sAdhanoM kA rahasya sahaja-sarala zabdoM meM khola diyA hai| 'rahasya' ko rahasyamayI bhASA meM Dha~kakara vaha nahIM prastuta karatA / vaha saphalatA kI kuMjI ko bar3e sAfa DhaMga se samajhA detA hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 193 "pratidina-barasoM se/roTI banAtA-khAtA AyA ho /tathApi vaha pAka-zAstrI kI pahalI roTI/karar3I kyoM banatI, beTA!/isIlie suno ! AyAsa se DaranA nahIM/Alasya karanA nahIM !" (pR. 11) aisI sAfa aura sulajhI abhivyakti tabhI sambhava hai jaba abhivyaMgya tathya, bhAva, dRSTi yA vicAra bhI sulajhe aura sAfa hoN| vicAra kI spaSTatA tabhI sambhava hai jaba vicAraka kA mastiSka aura mana ulajhanoM kI bhUmi tyAga cukA ho / ye paMktiyA~ ikaharI, sapATa aura akalAtmaka, prathama dRSTyA haiM / para kyoM ? kavi kI bauddhika, bhAvaparaka aura sRjanAtmaka kSamatA kI sImA ke kAraNa ? nahIM, kyoMki isI kRti meM kalAtmaka paMktiyoM kI koI kamI nahIM hai / savAla jIvana-darzana ko, cintana aura anubhava se prApta bodha ko pAThaka meM pratiSThita karane kA hai| aura ise to sabhI svIkAra kareMge ki anubhUta, sucintita vicAra niralaMkRta hote haiN| mana se nikalane vAle vicAra, hRdaya se umar3ane vAle bhAva sahaja, sarala hI hone cAhie / anAvazyaka kalpanAtireka, kRtrima abhivyaMjanA zailI aura ulajhI huI jIvana dRSTi ke kAraNa kAvya sampreSaNa kI guNavattA se virahita hokara asvIkArya ho jAtA hai / 'mUkamATI' ke kavi kI kalA bhAva tathA vicAra ke adhIna hai, unake prati unmukha hai / kalA-kauzala kA pradarzana prastuta kavi kA abhISTa nahIM hai, usakA abhISTa hai vicArasandohana aura vicAra kA pAThaka hRdaya meM prtisstthaapn| ataH vaha sapATa aura ikaharI bhASA-zailI ke prayoga se hicakatA nhiiN| 'mUkamATI' mUlata: vicAra kAvya hai, darzana kA kAvya hai| ata: Upara se dekhane para isakI bahuta sArI paMktiyA~ zuSka mAlUma par3atI haiN| para, dhyAna dene kI bAta yaha hai ki isa kAvya meM Adyanta rocakatA banI rahatI hai aura pAThaka ko kathAkrama ke sAtha vikAsamAn aura jIvana-pravAha ke aneka dharAtala dekhane ko milate haiN| dUsarI khUbI yaha hai ki vicAra darzana sUtrAtmaka saMkSiptatA meM simaTa kara sahaja rUpa se smaraNIya ho gae haiN| gahana-se-gahana cintana yA vicAra ko kavi ne sUtrAtmaka saMkSiptatA meM sameTa kara use smaraNIya sUkti kA rUpa de diyA hai| aisI sUktiyoM kI saMkhyA kAfI bar3I hai aura isase kAvya meM rocakatA A gaI hai, nIrasatA u~TI hai, pAThaka ke mana kI z2amIna bhAvukatA ke rasa se nahIM, vicAra aura jJAna ke rasa se bhIMga uThatI hai / yaha rasa aisA hai jo apane sparza se jyotimAlA racatA hai / rasa aura rauzanI kA rasamaya Aloka parva' isa kRti meM aneka sthaloM para jagamagAtA dIkha pdd'egaa| aisI sUtrAtmaka sUktiyoM ke kucha udAharaNa leM : 0 "asatya kI sahI pahacAna hI/satya kA avadhAna hai, beTA!" (pR. 9) 0 "patana pAtAla kA anubhava hI/utthAna-U~cAI kI AratI utAranA hai !" (pR.10) . 0 "caraNoM kA prayoga kiye binA/zikhara kA sparzana/sambhava nahIM hai !" (pR. 10) 0 "AsthA ke binA rAstA nahIM/mUla ke binA cUla nhiiN|" (pR. 10) "mIThe dahI se hI nahIM,/khaTTe se bhI/samucita manyana ho navanIta kA lAbha avazya hotA hai|" (pR. 13-14) "saMgharSamaya jIvana kA/upasaMhAra/niyamarUpa se harSamaya hotA hai, dhanya !" (pR. 14) aisI hI aneka sUtrAtmaka sUktiyA~ pUre kAvya meM bikharI par3I haiM aura isa kRti ko vicAra aura abhivyakti ke staroM para ArSa kathana kI bhaMgimA aura garimA pradAna karatI haiN| AcAryazrI ne apanI isa kRti meM 'vicAra', 'AcAra' aura 'sampreSaNa' para apanA cintana spaSTa kiyA hai / yahA~
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________________ 194 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA para eka bAta dhyAna dene yogya hai aura vaha hai 'AcAroM ke sAmya' para kavi dvArA eka nayA AlokapAta / kavi ne 'sampreSaNa' ko bhAvabodha ke lie anivArya poSaka tattva mAnA hai / sAtha hI, 'sampreSaNa' jaise racanA-prakriyA se jur3e tattva ko 'AcArasAmya' se jor3akara kavi ne kAvya-racanA ke eka aise AyAma kI ora saMketa kiyA hai jo sAdhaka, vicAraka yati kavi kI dRSTi meM hI khulatA hai / yaha hai adhyAtma kA AyAma / ata: bhAva-sampreSaNa para kavi ne apanA svatantra cintana prakaTa kiyA hai / sampreSaNa aura mUlya to sAhitya ke AdhAra stambha haiM, aisA Adhunika sAhitya cintaka AI.e. ricarDsa bhI mAnate haiN| isa bhAva tattva tathA sampreSaNa prakriyA para AcAryazrI kA cintana sarvathA maulika aura sahI hai| 'sampreSaNa' ke vikAra zUnya nikhAra ke lie kavi kA sandeza hai : "vicAroM ke aikya se/AcAroM ke sAmya se/sampreSaNa meM nikhAra AtA hai,/varanA/vikAra AtA hai !" (pR. 22) 'sampreSaNa' ke sahI rUpa para bhI kavi kA vicAra spaSTa hai : "binA bikharAva/upayoga kI dhArA kA/dRr3ha-taToM se saMyata, sarakana-zIlA saritA-sI/lakSya kI ora bar3hanA hI sampreSaNa kA sahI svarUpa hai / " (pR. 22) 'sampreSaNa' tabhI saphala hotA hai jaba vaha saMyata aura maryAdita ho, lakSyonmukha ho, abhivyakti supuSTa aura gaThI huI ho, kasI huI ho| 'bikharAva' yadi bhASA aura vicAra ke stara para AegA to abhivyakti zithila aura aspaSTa ho jaaegii| 'sampreSaNa' ke durupayoga tathA sadupayoga para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai / kavi kI dRSTi meM durupayoga honA yaha hai : "saMpreSya ke prati/kabhI bhUlakara bhI/adhikAra kA bhAva AnA sampreSaNa kA durupayoga hai,/vaha phalIbhUta bhI nahIM hotA!" (pR. 23) kavi kI dRSTi meM sahakAra ke bhAva se sampRkta hokara hI sampreSaNa saphala hotA hai : "sahakAra kA bhAva AnA/sadupayoga hai, sArthaka hai / " (pR. 23) isa 'sampreSaNa' ko arthAt abhivyakti ko, sRjana-prakriyA ko kavi bhAva-sampadA kA poSaka tattva mAnatA hai, ise vaha svAda' kI saMjJA detA hai / yaha aisA svAda hai jisase tattvabodha ko tuSTi aura dyuti donoM kI prApti hotI hai : "sampreSaNa vaha khAda hai/jisase, ki/sadbhAvoM kI paudha puSTa-sampuSTa hotI hai/ullAsa-pAtI hai; sampreSaNa vaha svAda hai;/jisase ki/tattvoM kA bodha tuSTa-santuSTa hotA hai/prakAza pAtA hai|" (pR.23) saca hI, sampreSaNa-prakriyA kI sArthaka pariNati ullAsa bhAva kI sRSTi meM hotI hai aura sampreSaNa hI vaha svAda hai jisase jur3akara tattvabodha prakAzamaya ho uThatA hai / kavi sampreSaNa ke sAdhana kI Arambhika bojhilatA aura nissAratA ke sAtha-sAtha sampreSaNa kI abhyAsajanya sahajatA para bhI vicAra karatA hai aura ise eka sAmAnya udAharaNa dvArA spaSTa kara detA hai:
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 195 "prAthamika dazA meM/sampreSaNa kA sAdhana kucha bhAra-sA lagatA hai/nissAra-sA lagatA hai|" (pR. 23) para, ise svAbhAvika mAnakara kavi isase ghabarAne kI salAha nahIM detA / vaha kahatA hai ki satata abhyAsa se svayaM lekhanI vicAroM, bhAvoM kI anucarI ho jAtI hai / bar3e hI sAmAnya udAharaNa se apane kathya ko vaha bodhagamya banA detA hai : "kuzala lekhaka ko bhI,/jo naI nibavAlI/lekhanI le likhatA hai lekhana ke Adi meM/khuradarApana hI/anubhUta hotA hai/parantu, likhate-likhate/niba kI ghisAI hotI jAtI/lekhana meM pUrva kI apekSA saphAI AtI jAtI/phira to "lekhanI/vicAroM kI anucarA hotI... "hotI/vicAroM kI sahacarI hotI hai|" (pR. 24) uparyukta uddharaNoM se spaSTa hogA ki cintaka kavi ne bhAva-sampreSaNa jaisI racanA-prakriyA para bhI svatantra rUpa se socA hai| sampreSaNa ke svarUpa-nirdhAraNa meM vaha sAhitya jagat ke paNDitoM ke vicAroM kA havAlA nahIM detA / vaha svAnubhava, svacintana se sampreSaNa kA svarUpa nirdhAraNa karatA hai / sampreSaNa jaisI jaTila racanA-prakriyA ko vaha sahaja bhASA meM, sarala rUpa se bodhagamya banA detA hai| kisI kAvya ko mahAn banAtA hai usakA hetu rUpa koI svapna, koI darzana, koI cintana / mahAn svapna, mahAn cintana, mahat lakSya aura udAtta sandeza hI mahAn kAvya meM vyakta hote haiN| kyA 'mUkamATI' ke kavi ke pAsa aisA koI darzana hai ? isake sAtha-sAtha eka mahAn aura zreSTha koTi kA racanA-tantra bhI Avazyaka hai / kyA aisA racanA tantra hai isa kavi ke pAsa ? isa racanA meM cintana-hI-cintana hai, sarvAgrahI aura sarva-grAhI darzana hai, jIvana darzana hai, karma darzana hai, samAja darzana hai, sevA darzana hai aura sAhitya darzana hai / kavi ke pAsa isa vizAla bhAva sampadA ko sampreSita karane yogya racanA tantra bhI hai| sAhitya ke artha ko spaSTa karate hue kavi sAhitya darzana ko bhI bar3e sahaja bhAva se spaSTa kara detA hai : "hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai aura/sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai,/artha yaha huA ki jisake avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava-sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai/anyathA,/surabhi se virahita puSpa-sama, sukha kA rAhitya hai vaha,/sAra-zUnya zabda-jhuNDa..!" (pR. 111) kavi ne sAhitya kI sArthakatA hitakArI' hone meM mAnA hai / arthAt usakA sAhitya darzana loka-maMgala ke darzana se samanvita hai| prathama khaNDa meM mATI kI prAthamika dazA ke parizodhana kI kriyA varNita hai, dUsare khaNDa meM anavadhAnatA ke kAraNa kArya-sampAdana meM pramAdavaza ho gayI hiMsA se, pratikriyA svarUpa utpanna badalA lene ke bhAva kA kSamA-yAcanA dvArA zamana dikhAyA gayA hai : "khammAmi, khamaMtu me-/kSamA karatA hU~ sabako,/kSamA cAhatA hU~ sabase,
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________________ 196 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sabase sadA-sahaja basa/maitrI rahe merI ! vaira kisase / kyoM aura kaba karU~ ? yahA~ koI bhI to nahIM hai / saMsAra-bhara meM merA vairI !" (pR. 105 ) krodha ke zamana aura kSamA bhAva ke udaya se vizva maitrI kA bhAva utpanna hotA hai, isa tathya ko kavi ne spaSTa rUpa se samajhAyA hai / isa khaNDa meM sAhitya bodha, nava rasa, saMgIta kI aMtaraMga prakRti, zRMgAra kI sarvathA maulika vyAkhyA, lalita Rtu varNana, kalA camatkAra Adi draSTavya haiN| saMgIta kI antaraMga prakRti ko kavi isa rUpa meM vyakta karatA hai : "saMgIta use mAnatA hU~ / jo saMgAtIta hotA hai/ aura / prIti use mAnatA hU~ jo aMgAtIta hotI hai/merA saMgI saMgIta hai / sapta-svaroM se atIta..!" (pR. 144-145) zRMgAra ke sambandha meM kavi kI maulika udbhAvanA aura nayA cintana dekhie : "zrRMgAra ke aMga-aMga ye / khaMga- utAra zIla haiM / yuga chalatA jA rahA hai aura / zRMgAra ke raMga-raMga ye / aMgArazIla haiM, / yuga jalatA jA rahA hai|" (pR. 145) 'karuNa' aura 'zAnta' rasoM para bhI kavi ne vicAra kiyA hai aura yaha mAnA hai ki 'karuNa' rasa meM 'zAnta' rasa kA antarbhAva nahIM ho sakatA : zAnta rasa : " karuNa rasa meM / zAnta rasa kA antarbhAva mAnanA / bar3I bhUla hai / " (pR. 155) ina donoM kA svarUpa bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai : karuNa rasa : " uchalatI huI upayoga kI pariNati vaha / karuNA hai/ nahara kI bhA~ti !" (pR.155 ) "ujalI-sI upayoga kI pariNati vaha / zAnta rasa hai / nadI kI bhA~ti !" (pR. 155) isI taraha vAtsalya, vIra Adi rasoM kA maulika vivecana aura svarUpa - nirdhAraNa bhI huA hai| isI khaNDa meM 'hI' aura 'bhI' jaise zabdoM ke dvArA alaga-alaga jIvana-dRSTi ko to vyaMjita kiyA hI gayA hai, sAtha hI, inake dvArA 'pazcimI' aura 'bhAratIya' saMskRti kA pRthak svarUpa nirdhAraNa bhI huA hai : 66 'hI' dekhatA hai hIna dRSTi se para ko/ 'bhI' dekhatA hai samIcIna dRSTi se saba ko, ... 'hI' pazcimI sabhyatA hai / 'bhI' hai bhAratIya saMskRti, bhAgya-vidhAtA / " (pR. 173) isI khaNDa meM 'utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvya - yuktaM sat' jaise gUr3ha sUtra kA sahaja bhASA meM bodhagamya anuvAda bhI kiyA gayA hai / kAvya lAlitya, vyApaka jIvana-bodha, maulika udbhAvanA Adi sabhI dRSTiyoM se yaha dvitIya khaNDa bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai| tIsare khaNDa meM tana-mana-vacana kI nirmalatA, zubha karmoM ke zucitApUrNa sampAdana, loka maMgala kI kAmanA se
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 197 puNyArjana ko sambhava batAyA gayA hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha se pApa kA udaya honA batAyA gayA hai| isI khaNDa meM mATI kI vikAsa gAthA ke dvArA puNya karmoM se utpanna zreyaskara upalabdhi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| caturtha khaNDa meM kumbhakAra ne ghaTa ko AkAra de diyA hai / 'avA' meM use tapAne kI kriyA bhI varNita hai / pake hue kumbha ko sollAsa nikAlakara kumbhakAra ne use seTha ke sevaka ko de diyA hai tAki AhAra dAna ke lie Ae guru kA pada-prakSAlana isI kumbha ke jala dvArA ho / kumbha ke hone kI sArthakatA isI meM hai| caturtha khaNDa kA phalaka itanA vyApaka hai, kathA prasaMga itane adhika haiM ki saba kA sAra saMkSepa prastuta karanA kaThina hai| Upara ke saMkSipta vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki 'mUkamATI' kI racanA ke pIche eka vyApaka jIvana darzana aura maMgalamaya svapna kI preraNA chipI huI hai aura isakI vyaMjanA 'mATI' kI vikAsa-kathA ke dvArA kI gaI hai| sampUrNa kAvya kA svarUpa rUpakAtmaka ho gayA hai / isake pAtra aura unase jur3I ghaTanAoM kA pratIkArtha saMketita hotA jAtA hai aura isa taraha isa kAvya kA svarUpa 'kAmAyanI' kI taraha hI, bahuta aMzoM meM, rUpaka kAvya jaisA ho gayA hai| 'mUkamATI' kA kavi jahA~ dhyAna aura cintana kI AdhyAtmika U~cAI se utarakara kAvya-kalA kI zrIzobhA se yukta dharatI para vicaratA hai vahA~ usake zuddha kavi rUpa kI mohaka jhalaka milatI hai / uSA kAla kI prakRti kA kitanA mohaka aura sundara citraNa ina paMktiyoM meM huA hai : "bhAnu kI nidrA TUTa to gaI hai/parantu abhI vaha/leTA hai/mA~ kI mArdava-goda meM, mukha para aMcala le kara/karavaTeM le rahA hai|" (pR. 1) bhAnu ke bAla rUpa aura usakI bAla ceSTA kA aisA varNana aura kahIM dekhane ko nahIM milegaa| uSA kI sindUrI AbhA meM nahAe prAcI kA kalAtmaka aura lalita varNana dekhie : "prAcI ke adharoM para/manda madhurima muskAna hai/sara para pallA nahIM hai/aura siMdUrI dhUla ur3atI-sI/raMgIna-rAga kI AbhA-/bhAI hai, bhAI!" (pR. 1) bhASA zailI aura zabda prayoga kI dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' meM bhASA kI prANavattA tathA zabda kI arthavattA ko nayA sandarbha pradAna kiyA hai| isa prasaMga meM isa kRti ke prastavana' (pR. VII) se zrI lakSmIcandra jaina kI ye paMktiyA~ uddhRta karanA hI alam hogA : "kavi ke lie atizaya AkarSaNa hai zabda kA, jisakA pracalita artha meM upayoga karake vaha usakI saMgaThanA ko vyAkaraNa kI sAna para car3hAkara nayI-nayI dhAra dete haiM, nayI-nayI parateM ughAr3ate haiN| zabda kI vyutpatti usake antaraMga artha kI jhA~kI to detI hI hai, hameM usake mAdhyama se artha ke anUThe aura achUte AyAmoM kA darzana hotA hai|" niSkarSa yaha ki prastuta kAvya bhAva sampadA tathA abhivyaMjanA kauzala kI dRSTi se eka abhinava prayoga hai| yaha saphala kRti hai| vicAroM kA vistRta phalaka, bhAva samRddhi, lalita kalpanA, rocaka varNana zailI, maulika cintana aura anUThI vyAkhyAoM ne milakara isa dIrgha kalevara vAle kAvya ko paThanIya aura vizvasanIya banA diyA hai / mUlata: yaha kAvya loka maMgalakArI adhyAtmacintana se paripuSTa vicAra kAvya hai jisameM abhivyakti kI sahajatA hai, kathya kI vizvasanIyatA hai aura kalAtmaka cArutA hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : eka sAMskRtika mahAkAvya DaoN. (paM.) dayAcandra jaina sAhityAcArya santaziromaNi AcArya vidyAsAgara mahArAja isake racayitA haiN| mUkatva bhAva se sRjana karane ke kAraNa 'mUkamATI' yaha sAhityika grantha pRthak-pRthak cAra khaNDoM kI apekSA mAnoM cAra khaNDa-kAvya haiM aura samekita khaNDoM kI apekSA evaM carama lakSya kI apekSA eka mahAkAvya hai| kAraNa, isakA lakSya bhAvAtmaka aura zabdAtmaka kalevara lagabhaga pA~ca sau pRSThoM sampUrNatA ko prApta hotA hai| isa mahAkAvya kA lakSya dyotita hotA hai| : " patha para calatA hai / satpatha-pathika vaha / mur3akara nahIM dekhatA tana se bhI, manase bhI // aura, saMkoca - zIlA / lAjavatI lAvaNyavatI saritA - taTa kI mATI / apanA hRdaya kholatI hai/ mA~ dharatI ke sammukha !" (pR. 3-4) 'mUkamATI' eka rUpaka hai jo aneka dravyoM ko, usake aneka rUpoM ko abhivyakta karatA hai / vizva ke sUkSma aura sthUla evaM dRzya aura adRzya sabhI padArtha sattA ke antargata haiM / sattA samasta padArthoM kA maulika tattva hai, jo sarva vyApaka aura nitya hotI hai| kisI bhI vidyamAna padArtha kA nAza nahIM hotA, anyathA samasta padArthoM kA lopa ho jAegA tathA kisI bhI avidyamAna padArtha kA utpAda nahIM hotA, anyathA AkAza - puSpa, bandhyA-putra, kharaviSANa Adi kA sadbhAva ho jAegA / bhUmi mAtA kI goda meM phUlI - phalI mATI kA nAza nahIM huA kintu usane anukUla nimitta kAraNoM kA saMyoga prApta kara apanA vikAsa karate hue maMgala kalaza rUpa saundarya pada ko prApta kara liyA / maMgala kalaza ko vizva meM Adara ke sAtha zubha mAnA jAtA hai| isIlie sabhI dhArmika evaM laukika kAryoM meM usakI sthApanA kI jAtI hai| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya se eka dArzanika siddhAnta bhI dyotita hotA hai : "sad dravyalakSaNam; utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat" - (tattvArthasUtra 5/29-30) / pratyeka dravya meM pUrva paryAya kA nAza (asta) aura uttara paryAya kA utpAda (udaya) hone para bhI dravya kI sattA vidyamAna (nityatA) rahatI hai arthAt dravya kA mUlata: vinAza nahIM hotA hai / vasudhA meM utpanna mUkamATI ko kumbhakAra ne bhUmi se nikAla kara zuddha kiyA / kumbhakAra usako ghaTa- nirmANa yogya zuddha, mRdu banAtA hai / tatpazcAt mRdu piNDa ko cAka para rakhakara sthAsa, koza, kuzUla Adi paryAyoM meM parivartita karatA hai / ghaTa ko sukhAnA, avA meM pakAnA, vividha raMgoM se citrita karanA, mUlya se vikraya karanA tathA aneka maMgala kAryoM meM maMgala ghaTakA sthApita kiyA jAnA, maMgala kalaza meM phala, haldI, cA~dI, puSpa kA prakSepaNa, ghaTa ke mukha para zrIphala kA sthApita karanA Adi sAmagriyoM se maMgala kalaza kA susajjita kiyA jAnA -- ye saba paryAya utpAda-vyaya ke rUpa meM hotI haiM tathApi mUka mRttikA apanI sattA kA parityAga nahIM karatI / mUka mRttikA ne apane parivartita pavitra jIvana se mAnava mAtra ko yaha satpreraNA pradAna kI hai : " paropakArAya phalanti vRkSA:, paropakArAya vahanti nadyaH / paropakArAya duhanti gAvaH, paropakArArthamidaM zarIram // " mUka vRkSa paropakAra ke lie phala pradAna karate haiM / mUka taraMgiNI ThaNDA jala pradAna kara paropakAra karatI hai| mUka goprANI samAja hita ke lie pauSTika dugdha pradAna karatI hai| ye mUka prANI aura mUkamATI mAnava samAja ko zikSA pradAna karatI hai ki 'he mAnava ! sAvadhAna ho jaao| ApakA yaha kSaNika zarIra sva para kalyANa ke lie hI hai| isase vyartha yApana mata karo / '
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 199 mahAkAvya ke praNetA pUjya AcAryapravara ne 'mUkamATI' yaha nAmakaraNa vyApaka dRSTi se kiyA hai, jisase loka ke anukUla paryAvaraNa meM bhI yaha jIvana-ghaTanA ghaTita hotI hai / udAharaNArtha--mUka vasundharA ne mAtra mRttikA ko hI janma nahIM diyA, apitu sAmAnya pRthivI, bAlU, tAmra, lohA, rAMgA, sIsA, cA~dI, svarNa, haratAla, mainazila, hiMgula, sasyaka, suramA, abhraka, abhrabAlukA, lavaNa Adi solaha dhAtuoM ko bhI janma diyA, jo prakRti se komala hotI haiN| ye sabhI mUka hokara AbhUSaNa Adi ke ramaNIya rUpa ko dhAraNa karate hue loka sammAna prApta karatI haiM, loka upakAra karatI ___ ina solaha dhAtuoM se atirikta isa vasundharA ne bIsa kaThora dhAtuoM ko bhI janma diyA hai / ina mUka dhAtuoM ne azuddha khAni meM par3e hue jIvana ko saMskAra vizeSa se zuddha karate hue ramaNIya AbhUSaNa Adi avasthAoM ko prApta kiyA hai aura laukika upakAra kiyA hai / ve mUka dhAtue~ isa prakAra haiM--(1) kaThina bAlU, (2) pASANa kI caTTAna, (3) vajra(hIrA), (4) dIrgha zilA, (5) pravAla (mUMgA),(6) gomeda maNi (pulaka maNi), (7) rujaka maNi, (8) sphaTika maNi, (9) padmarAga maNi, (10) vaiDUrya maNi, (11) candraprabha maNi, (12) candana maNi, (13) jalakAnta maNi, (14) pukharAja maNi, (15) sUryakAnta maNi, (16) marakata maNi, (17) nIla maNi, (18) vidruma maNi, (19) rucira maNi aura (20) aMka maNi / ina kaThora mUka dhAtuoM ne jinAlaya, jina pratimA, vimAna, aSTa prAtihAryoM kI paryAyoM ko dhAraNa karane kA bhI saubhAgya prApta kara loka kA mahAn upakAra kiyA hai| jina mAnavoM ne nava devoM kI pratiSThA evaM upAsanA karane kA saubhAgya prApta nahIM kiyA, unakA jIvana Upara kathita vasundharA kI dhAtuoM se bhI girA huA hai aura ve puruSArtha se hIna haiN| yahA~ para yaha vicAraNIya hai ki 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke praNetA ne isakA nAma 'mUkamATI' kyoM rakhA ? vicAra karane para jJAta hotA hai ki 'mATI' gaurava hIna, tuccha evaM akiMcana vastu hai / mATI jaisI tuccha vastu bhI zreSTha nimitta prApta kara svarNa, motI, maNi Adi dhAtuoM se apanA vikAsa aura bhI adhika kara sakatI hai / jaisA vikAsa ucca kImatI vastu kA ho sakatA hai, vaisA vikAsa tuccha, akiMcana vastu kA bhI ho sakatA hai| isa viSaya ko siddha karane ke lie isa mahAkAvya kA nAma 'mUkamATI' nizcita kiyA gayA hai, mUka motI, mUka suvarNa, mUka pravAla, mUka rajata Adi nahIM rakhA gyaa| yadi mUka motI, mUka svarNa Adi kImatI nAma rakhA jAtA, to sabhI mAnavoM kI yaha mAnyatA ho jAtI ki ati mUlyavAn vastu hI apanA uddhAra aura paropakAra kara sakatI hai aura mATI jaisI tuccha va gauravahIna vastu loka meM apanA vikAsa nahIM kara sakatI, vaha bekAma hai| . 'mUkamATI' isa nAmakaraNa se yaha bhI dhvanita ho jAtA hai ki ucca varNajAta mAnava ke samAna hIna varNajAta mAnava bhI yogya nimitta kA sannidhAna hone para apanA pUrNa vikAsa evaM uddhAra kara sakatA hai / unnati kA dvAra mAnava mAtra ke lie khulA hai| pAtAla se nikala kara jala ne apanA jIvana zuddha kiyA tathA meghamAlA bana kara vizva ke lie jala pradAna kiyA, jisase vizva kA saMrakSaNa evaM saMvarddhana huaa| jala kA saubhAgya hai ki usane jina caitya aura caityAlayoM kA abhiSeka kiyA / jala ke dvArA zAnti dhArA kI kriyA hotI hai / pUjana meM prathama jala dravya ke samarpaNa dvArA dravyoM ke aSTaka kI zuddhi sampanna huii| jala se zAkAhArI vastuoM kA utpAdana, tRSA-bAdhA kI zAnti aura laukika padArthoM kI zuddhi prakriyA aura kRSi kArya sampanna huaa| mUka jala ne mAnava ko preraNA pradAna kI hai ki hamAre samAna Apa bhI viSaya-kaSAyoM ko dUra kara Atmazuddhi kA puruSArtha kreN| 'mUkamATI' kA upalakSaNa eka agni dravya bhI hai jo loka meM apanI sattA rakhatA hai, jisane vizva-zAnti mahAyajJa kA zreSTha kArya sampAdana kiyaa| jina-pUjA meM dhUpa kI sugandhi ko divya vyApI kiyaa| bhojana-nirmANa meM pAkakriyA kA sampAdana kiyaa| andhakAra ke sthAna para prakAza kA vistAra kiyA tathA svarNa-rajata Adi dhAtuoM kA saMzodhana kiyaa| vidyuta kA rUpa dhAraNa kara agni ke rUpa meM camatkAra pUrNa kArya kiyA, jo vijJAna kA eka sAdhana hai|
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________________ 200 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA agni dvArA mUka hote hue bhI mAnava-samAja ko yaha cetanA dI gaI ki mAnava sAdhuvRtti ko dhAraNa kara dhyAnarUpI agni ke dvArA rAga, dveSa, moha Adi karma-IMdhana ko yadi bhasma kara deve, to vItarAga paramAtmA ho sakatA hai| Apa puruSArtha kareM aura AtmA ko ujjvala bnaaeN| 'mUkamATI' kA upalakSaNa eka vAyu dravya bhI hai jo loka meM apanA astitva surakSita kie hue hai / vaha vAyu vAtavalaya kI paryAya se sarva loka kA prabala AdhAra banI huI hai / mUka vAyu zvAsa evaM ucchvAsa ke mAdhyama se vizvaprANiyoM kA anivArya prANa hai / usane vyomayAna, vAyuyAna evaM vimAna, meghamAlA aura pakSiyoM ko gagana meM Azraya pradAna kiyA hai evaM jisake dvArA mahItala kA kUr3A-kacarA Adi ur3Akara pRthvI svaccha kara dI gaI hai| usa mUka pavana ne mAnava ko sandeza diyA ki mAnava rasalaya rUpa pavana ke dvArA jJAna, darzana, zakti svarUpa bhAvaprANoM kI surakSA kare / zAnti, satya, saMyama, brahmacarya rUpa prANavAyu ke dvArA AdhyAtmika jIvana ko samRddha banAe tathA ahiMsA rUpa tIna vAtavalayoM ke dvArA loka kA AdhAra bane / dhArmika vAtAvaraNa se chala, kapaTa, tRSNA, pArasparika droha, vyasana aura anyAya ke kacare ko zIghra ur3A deM aura hRdaya-paTala ko svaccha kara deN| 'mUkamATI' kA eka anya upalakSaNa mUka vanaspati kA bhI prabhAva evaM paraspara upagRha (upakAra) prakRti loka meM prazaMsA ke yogya hai / una caubIsa vRkSoM kA mahAn saubhAgya thA ki jinakI zItala chAyA meM zrI RSabhanAtha Adi caturviMzati tIrthaMkaroM ne digambarI dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| ve vRkSa abhI bhI mAnava-samAja kA AhvAna karate haiM ki Apa bhI hamArI zItala chAyA meM baiThakara jina-dIkSA ko aMgIkAra kareM aura Atma-kalyANa meM lIna hoN| eka vRkSa jinendra tIrthaMkara ke sannidhAna meM Akara zokarahita ho gayA, ataeva usakA nAma 'azoka' jagat meM prasiddha ho gyaa| vizva ke pAdapoM ne milakara apanA paMcAMga (jar3a, chAla,patte,phala aura phUla) mAnavoM ke hitArtha pradAna kara die haiN| yaha taru samAja ne mAnava samAja para mahAn upakAra kiyA hai| vRkSa svayaM Atapa kI pIr3A ko sahate hue anya prANiyoM ko zItala chAyA pradAna karate haiN| unake ina upakAroM se mAnava ko bhI yaha zikSA prApta hotI hai ki mAnava ko bhI tana, mana, dhana se sva-para-kalyANa karane meM sadaiva tatpara rahanA caahie| _ 'mUkamATI' eka sAhityika mahAkAvya hai / mATI eka mUka padArtha hai / usakI prathama patita avasthA se lekara antima ucca pavitra avasthA taka kA varNana karane se anya aneka pArthiva dhAtuoM kI bhI yaha avyakta dazA parivartita hote hue carama abhivyakta dazA hotI hai| isa rUpaka se mAnava kI bhI yaha dazA abhivyakta hotI hai / antara itanA jJAta hotA hai ki mATI mUka hote hue bhI apanA utthAna kara sakatI hai aura mAnava satyavAdI hote hue bhI apanA lakSya sampUrNa nahIM kara sktaa| yaha cintA kA viSaya hai| paryAya to sabhI padArthoM kI parivartita hotI hai para unameM antima zreSTha dazA kI jaba abhivyakti hotI hai, vahI prazaMsanIya evaM anukaraNIya hai| isa kAvya kA 'mUkamATI' yaha nAmakaraNa bhI eka vizeSa lakSya ko dhvanita karatA hai / mUkamATI yaha upalakSaNa hai jisase anya pRthivI, jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati padArthoM ke avyakta rUpoM kI abhivyakti siddha hotI hai / mahAkAvya kA antima niSkarSa yaha hai : "isIlie ina/zabdoM para vizvAsa lAo,/hA~, hA~ !! vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI/avazya milegI/magara/mArga meM nahIM, maMz2ila para ! aura/mahA-mauna meM/DUbate hue santa"/aura mAhaula ko animeSa nihAratI-sI/"mUka maattii|" (pR. 488)
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________________ 'mUkamATI' kA racanA-sauSThava evaM usameM pratipAdita lokadarzana-dRSTAntabodha DaoN. yajJa prasAda tivArI kisI mahat uddezya kI prApti ke lie likhA gayA kAvya bhale hI zAstrIya lakSaNoM kI kasauTI para kharA na utare lekina vaha mahAkAvya kI zreNI meM rakhA jA sakatA hai / vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki koI bhI racanAkAra kAvya ke lakSaNoM ko AdhAra mAnakara kisI grantha kA praNayana karatA hI nahIM hai| phira usake kAvya ko kisI zailI ke caukhaTe se nApanA kahA~ taka nyAyasaMgata hai, yaha savAla khar3A honA svAbhAvika hai / rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata,IliyaDa, oDisI ko prathama mahAkAvya kA darjA diyA gayA tathApi mahAkAvya ke jisa svarUpa kA vikAsa adyatana milatA rahA hai usa svarUpa kI dRSTi se unheM mahAkAvya kahanA bahuta sArthaka nahIM dikhatA hai| kavitA likhane kI maulika cetanA kAvya ko dizA aura gati detI hai| yaha maulika cetanA yuga vizeSa kI dhvani hotI hai, jise AkAra dekara racanAkAra usa yuga ko mukhara karatA hai / vAcaspati gairolA ke isa kathana se hama sahamata haiM ki 'rAmAyaNa' aura 'mahAbhArata' ko bhI prathama mahAkAvya na kahakara yuga vizeSa ke pratinidhi mahAkAvya mAnanA z2yAdA ucita hai| yadi mahAkAvyoM kI paramparA aura zailI kA adhyayana kareM to yaha mAna lenA sahaja aura sArthaka pratIta hone lagatA hai ki kasauTiyoM ke aneka svarUpoM ke vikasita hone ke bAvajUda kAvya ke antargata sannihita jIvanta-mUlyoM ne hI kRti ko mahAkAvya kA darjA diyA yA dilAyA hai / hindI meM 'pRthvIrAja rAso', 'rAmacaritamAnasa', 'kAmAyanI', 'sAketa' Adi AkhyAnaka kAvyoM ko mahAkAvya ke eka nirdhArita mAnaka se mUlyAMkita karanA yadi sambhava nahIM hai taba phira 'mUkamATI' ko kaise kisI nirdhArita mAnadaNDa para mUlyAMkita kiyA jA sakatA hai| kAvya-lekhana kI avadhAraNA kAvya-mUlyAMkana kI apekSA adhika balavatI hotI hai / isa dRSTi se kisI mUlyAMkana paridhi kA nirmANa karanA aucityaparaka nahIM dikhatA hai aura yahI vaha kAraNa hai jisake AdhAra para 'mUkamATI' jaise mahAkAvyoM ko svatantra nikaSoM para kasane kI z2arUrata mahasUsa hone lagatI hai| 'mUkamATI' kAvya isa zatAbdI ke vikhyAta santa dArzanika AcArya vidyAsAgara kI amUlya kAvyakRti hai| sarjanA ke samasta sopAnoM ke nirmANa meM cintana kA adbhuta sahayoga liyA gayA hai / isIlie yaha mahAkAvya bhAvanA ke sAtha-sAtha vicAroM ko bhI Andolita karane meM samartha ho gayA hai| kavi kI antazcetanA jaba AdhyAtmika utkarSa ko kRti kA lakSya banA letI hai taba racanA kA kathya cAhe jo bhI ho, usase mahat aura sat kAvya janma letA hI hai| 'mUkamATI' kI dArzanika abhivyakti, bhAvAtmaka anviti, vicArAtmaka kalpanA jina niSkarSoM ko janma detI hai, ve niSkarSa paramparA udbhUta navanIta sadRza haiN| mekDaoNnala ne yadyapi 'rAmAyaNa' taka ko anukRta mahAkAvya (ArTiphisiyala epika) kI saMjJA de DAlI hai tathA paravartI mahAkAvyoM ko alaMkRta mahAkAvya (epika oNpha ArTa) kaha diyA hai, lekina isase yaha nahIM siddha hotA hai ki isa taraha ke mahAkAvyoM kA koI uddezya nahIM thaa| 'mUkamATI' ko alaMkRta mahAkAvya kI zreNI meM rakhanA bhI sambhava nahIM hai aura na hI anukRta mahAkAvya kI zreNI meM rakhanA / phira bhI yaha mahAkAvya hai, isameM bhI sandeha nahIM hai| __vastuta: koI bhI kAlabodhaka kRti jaba jIvana aura kalpanA ko pracalita bimboM aura pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se kisI sahaja jana bhASA meM AkAra de letI hai taba vaha lokabhAvanA kI pratinidhi bana jAtI hai / janatA janArdana kI vANI ke rUpa meM prakaTa kisI santa kI virAT bhAvanA lokamaMgala kA darzana karane meM samartha hone para hI kAvya yA mahAkAvya kA sRjana karatI hai| aise kAvya meM kavi kA nijIpana itanA samaSTigata ho jAtA hai ki racanA mAtra usakI sarjanA na rahakara kisI lokavANI kA satya bana jAtI hai, jo mahAkAvya kA artha grahaNa kara letI hai / isa dRSTi se bhI 'mUkamATI' ko
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________________ 202 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA mahAkAvya kahanA sarvathA ucita hai / isa sabake bAvajUda DaoN. bhagIratha mizra jaise Adhunika AcAryoM ne mahAkAvya ke jina lakSaNoM kA nirdhAraNa kiyA hai, usameM se katipaya lakSaNoM kA ullekha karanA yahA~ prAsaMgika hogA : 1. mahAkAvya sarga, adhyAya evaM khaNDoM meM vibhakta racanA hotI hai| 2. usakA kathAnaka itihAsa, purANa aura kalpanA para AdhArita hotA hai / 3. prakRti, parvata, utsava Adi kA varNana hotA hai| 4. ukti vaicitrya kI pradhAnatA hone ke bAvajUda usameM prANa rUpa meM rasa vyApta hotA hai| 5. mahAkAvya kA nAma, kathA, nAyaka yA kathAtattva ke AdhAra para hotA hai / ina samasta nikaSoM kI dRSTi se mUlyAMkana karane para 'mUkamATI' na kevala parimANa kI kasauTI para mahAkAvya siddha hotA hai apitu kathya-tathya kI kasauTI para bhI mahAkAvya siddha hotA hai / 'mUkamATI' kAvya kANDa, adhyAya, sarga rUpa meM vibhakta na hokara khaNDa rUpa meM vibhakta hai| isameM kula cAra khaNDa haiM jo mukhya kathA ke cAra tattvoM ke rUpa meM kathAtmaka anviti banAe rakhate haiN| sarga saMkhyA bar3hAne kI jagaha para racanAkAra ne khaNDoM kI sArthaka AvazyakatA para bala diyA hai / 'mUkamATI' kA kathAnaka yadyapi kalpanA para AdhArita hai tathApi usameM varNita viSaya vastu kisI bhI rASTra ke nAgarika ke lie AkarSaka aura lokavRtti kA sparza karane vAlA hai| 'mATI' yA 'dharatI' ke sammAna meM vIra aura santa donoM prANotsarga ke lie samAna bhAva se udyata milate haiN| eka balidAna dvArA usakI lAja rakhatA hai to dUsarA samAdhi dvArA / 'mATI' pratIka rUpa bhI sAdhu, mahAtmAoM ke upamAna darzana kI arthavattA prApta kara cukI hai| deza kI mATI, janmabhUmi kI mATI caraNa dhUli Adi rUpoM meM isake mahattva kI carcA laukika-alaukika donoM sandarbho meM hotI rahatI hai| bhAratavAsiyoM ne ise pUjya bhAva se dekhA-samajhA hai / phira kalpanA kI sArthaka abhivyakti bhale hI itihAsa, purANa meM varNita mATI kI mahimA ke rUpa meM to huI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki kAvya kI nAyikA mUkamATI kalpita hokara bhI nAyikA kI avadhAraNA ko pUrNa karatI hai / kathAtattva ke AdhAra para hI isakA nAmakaraNa kiyA gayA hai| isa dRSTi se bhI ise mahAkAvya kahanA tarkasaMgata pratIta hotA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke varNana prasaMga anUThe aura alaukika haiN| prakRti kI goda meM mATI kA udbhava kitanA anUThA lagane lagatA hai / varNana kI naisargika ceSTA mATI ko prakRti kI sahacarI sAbita kara detI hai| prArambha kA yaha dRzya dekhie : "sImAtIta zUnya meM/nIlimA bichAI, aura 'idhara "nIce / nirI nIravatA chAI,... prAcI ke adharoM para/manda madhurima muskAna hai/sara para pallA nahIM hai aura/sindUrI dhUla ur3atI-sI/raMgIna-rAga kI AbhA/bhAI hai, bhAI ! lajjA ke cUMghaTa meM/DUbatI-sI kumudinI/prabhAkara ke kara-chuvana se bacanA cAhatI hai vaha/apanI parAga ko-/sarAga-mudrA ko pA~khuriyoM kI oTa detI hai|" (pR.1-2) prakRti kA yaha dRzya mAtra kAlpanika nahIM apitu satya kA antarbodha dhvanita karane meM bhI samartha hai| 'mUkamATI' meM zabda cayana ke bala para jina navIna parikalpanAoM ko sa~joyA gayA hai use dekhane se yaha sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki ukti-vaicitrya se kahIM adhika isa kAlajayI kRti meM rasa chaTA kI prabalatA hai / alaMkAra vidhAna 'mUkamATI' ke varNanoM kA sAdhana mAtra hai, sAdhya to hai rasa / isa paramparAgata svarUpa ke alAvA Ananda-dIpti utkarSAtmaka prabhA rUpoM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 203 ke darzana hote haiM isa kRti meM / 'pratibhA navanavonmeSazAlinI' kI guNavattA kA prabhAva isa kRti meM dRSTigocara hotA hai| vidyAsAgara jI kI saMvAda-yojanA racanA kI rasAtmaka bhAvadhArA ko gatyAtmaka pravAha detI hai / zailI, varNana, prasaMga, bhASA rasotkarSa ke mAdhyama bana gae haiN| isalie racanA meM sarvathA navIna aura sAdhAraNa viSaya ko kathya banAne ke bAvajUda kathAnaka kI miThAsa rasAsvAdaka ko bA~dhe rahatI hai| yahI nahIM, kAvya ke dvitIya khaNDa meM nau rasoM kI maulika vyAkhyA isa bAta ko siddha karane meM kAphI dikhatI hai ki rasoM kI paribhASAe~ dhIre-dhIre badala rahI haiN| kabhI jahA~ kisI rasa yA bhAva kA nAma lenA 'svazabdavAcyatvaM doSaH' ho jAtA thA, vahIM Aja rasopacayana meM sahAyaka ho gayA hai| saca hai santa ke sparza se laukika mAnadaNDa bhI alaukika artha pA lete haiN| rasa bhAva aura buddhi-vicAra kA sAmaMjasya dikhAne kI dRSTi se ekado udAharaNa paryApta hoMge : "mAnatA hU~ isa kalikA meM/sambhAvanAyeM agaNita haiM/kintu, yaha kalikA kalI ke rUpa meM kaba taka rahegI ?/isa kI bhItarI sandhi se sugandhi kaba phUTegI vaha ?/usa ghaTa ke darzana meM/bAdhaka hai yaha ghUghaTa aba rAga nahIM/"parAga mile!" (pR. 140-141) zRMgAra kI isa bimbAtmaka paridhi meM kalpanA kA niSkarSa virAga usI taraha hai jisa taraha AdhyAtmika cintana kA niSkarSa Atmika utkarSa hotA hai| 'rAga' ke samAnAntara 'parAga' kI sUkSma anubhUti kI kalpanA na kevala mugdhakArI hai apitu arthabharI bhI hai| 'vIra rasa' ke sandarbha se isakA vizleSaNa aura sArthaka ho jAegA : "vIra rasa kA apanA itihAsa hai/vIroM ko usakA ahasAsa hai usake upahAsa kA sAhasa mata karo tuma !/jo vIra nahIM haiM, avIra haiM una para kyA, unakI tasvIra para bhI/abIra chiTakAyA nahIM jAtA!" (pR. 132) 'usake upahAsa kA sAhasa mata karo tuma' paMkti meM kavi kI lalakAra vIrokti lalakAra meM badala jAtI hai jabaki niSkarSa paMkti taka pahu~cate-pahu~cate vaha usakI mahattA ke cintana meM lIna ho jAtA hai| __ kathAvastu kI dRSTi se bhI 'mUkamATI' ko mahAkAvya kI zreNI meM rakhanA koI atizayokti nahIM hogI, kyoMki kathA sandarbho ko jina mUlyoM ke dvArA udghATita kiyA jAtA hai ve sabhI mUlya 'mUkamATI' meM yathAsthAna vidyamAna haiM / kathA kA cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta honA. eka pradhAna kathA kA AdyopAnta bane rahanA, nava rasoM kA sanniveza, alaMkata zabdAvalI se usakI prANavattA ko banAe rakhanA, kathAtattva kI Adarza chaTA Adi anaginata guNa 'mUkamATI' kI kahAnI ko Adarza kahAnI meM pariNata kara dete haiN| nAyaka-nAyikA kI prAsaMgikatA para vicAra karate hue kRti ke prastavana' meM zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ke vicAra kA ullekha karanA saTIka hogA : "."mATI to nAyikA hai hI, kumbhakAra ko nAyaka mAna sakate haiM kintu yaha dRSTi laukika artha meM ghaTita nahIM hotii| yahA~ romAMsa yadi hai to AdhyAtmika prakAra kA hai| kitanI pratIkSA rahI hai mATI ko kumbhakAra kI, yugoM-yugoM se, ki vaha uddhAra karake avyakta sattA meM se ghaTa kI maMgala-mUrti udghATita kregaa| maMgala-ghaTa kI sArthakatA guru ke pAda-prakSAlana meM hai jo kAvya ke pAtra, bhakta seTha, kI zraddhA ke AdhAra "zaraNa, caraNa haiM Apake,/tAraNa-taraNa jahAja, bhava-dadhi taTa taka le calo/karuNAkara gururAja !"
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________________ 204 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kAvya ke nAyaka to yahI guru haiM kintu svayaM guru ke lie antima nAyaka haiM arhanta dev|" anekAntavAdI dRSTi se nAyaka-nAyikA ke sambandha meM vidvAn samIkSaka lakSmIcandra jaina ke vicAra AdaraNIya haiM tathApi hamArA vinamra nivedana hai ki 'mATI' ko nAyikA mAna lene para guru ko nAyaka mAnanA asaMgata pratIta hone lagatA hai| alaukika sandarbha ke pariprekSya meM dekhane para mUrta kumbhakAra jaba amUrta cetanA ko ghaTa meM vidyamAna karatA hai taba ghaTa kA pAramArthika rUpa naz2ara Ane lagatA hai / nimitta kAraNa kI amUrtatA dvArA saMcAlita upAdAna kAraNa kI udbhAvanA kA sambandha hI anekAntavAdI darzana kI maMgala pariNati ho jAtI hai| nAnAtmaka sattA kI tAttvika vivecanA hI to anekAntavAda kI AvazyakatA hai / AcArya guNaratna ne eka zloka ke dvArA isa mata kI vyAkhyA kI hai : "eko bhAvaH sarvathA yena dRSTaH, sarve bhAvAH sarvathA tena dRSTAH / sarve bhAvA: sarvathA yena dRSTAH, eko bhAvaH sarvathA tena dRssttH||" ___ (SaDdarzanasamuccaya TIkA) vyavahAra aura paramArtha ke samanvaya kI avadhAraNA dvArA padArthoM ke nAnA rUpoM kA samIkaraNa hI to vizva meM anusyUta paramatattva taka pahu~cane kA mArga prazasta karatA hai aura usI mArga ko kAvyAtmaka zailI meM prastuta karanA hI to AcArya vidyAsAgara kA maMgala dhyeya hai / phira yadi kAvya meM nAyaka pakSa vivAdAspada bhI rahatA hai to kAvya ke mahAkAvyatva para koI praznacihna nahIM lagatA hai, kyoMki 'kAmAyanI', 'sAketa' jaise nAyikA pradhAna kAvyoM kI paramparA Adhunika kAla kI sabase bar3I upalabdhi mAnI gaI hai| dharatI (mA~)-mATI (beTI) kA vArtAlApa kAvya ko nAyikA pradhAna banAe rakhane meM madada karatA hai| 'nAyaka-nAyikA' para pati-patnI' bhAva Aropita karane se kumbhakAra aura mATI ko nAyakanAyikA mAnanA avazya doSapUrNa hai lekina zAstroM meM parama sattA ke puruSa-strI donoM rUpoM kA guNagAna milatA hai, taba kisI alaukika guNoM kI khAna mAna liyA hai jo laukika sandarbho ko bhI alaukika banA dene meM samartha hai / prakRti-puruSa kA anta:sAmaMjasya hI 'mUkamATI' kA upAdeya pahalU hai / kavi kA pratipAdya bhI to yahI hai : 0 "puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI/mokSa hai, sAra hai|" (pR. 93) 0 "dharA kI dRSTi mATI meM/mATI kI dRSTi dharA meM bahuta dUra bhItara"/jA "jA- samAtI hai|" (pR. 5-6) kavi ne jisa tAdAtmya darzana kA bodha kiyA hai usI kI pratIti eka meM aneka aura aneka meM eka dRSTi kA bhAva hai| dharatI kA apanI beTI mATI ko samajhAte hue kahanA : "sattA zAzvata hotI hai, beTA!/prati-sattA meM hotI haiM anagina sambhAvanAyeM/utthAna-patana kI/khasakhasa ke dAne-sA bahuta choTA hotA hai/bar3a kA bIja vaha !... ...aMkurita ho, kucha hI dinoM meM/vizAla kAya dhAraNa kara vaTa ke rUpa meM avatAra letA hai,/yahI isakI mahattA hai| sattA zAzvata hotI hai/sattA bhAsvata hotI hai beTA!" (pR. 7) 'beTI' sambodhana kI jagaha para 'beTA' sambodhana parama sattA meM strI (prakRti), puruSa (paramasattA) bhAva kI sampRkta pahacAna karAne meM samartha hai, isalie bhI nAyaka-nAyikA ke anveSaNa kI pahala 'mUkamATI ' ke sandarbha meM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 205 bemAnI dikhane lagatI hai| 'mUkamATI' ke bhAva pakSa aura kalA pakSa kA vizleSaNa karane para yaha kahanA prAsaMgika pratIta hotA hai ki isa kRti meM rasa aura alaMkAra kI pUraka anivAryatA kI kalpanA kI gaI hai / rasa ke prAcIna AdhAra Adhunika kAla meM mahattvahIna sAbita ho cuke haiM, taba bhI mUkamATI' meM aMgIrasa ke rUpa meM zAnta rasa kA sanniveza milatA hai / racanAkAra ne isa rasa kI puSTi ke lie aMga rasa rUpa meM kaI sthaloM ko bhAva pradhAna banA diyA hai phira bhI kisI rasa kA bahuta caTaka yA gAr3hA prabhAva nahIM parilakSita hone pAyA hai / rasa kA prabhAva uttejaka hone se bacA lene kI kSamatA AcArya vidyAsAgara jaise siddha kavi meM hI ho sakatI hai / DhoI jAtI huI mATI jaba gadhe kI pITha para borI kI ragar3a se bane ghAvoM ko dekhatI hai to dravita ho jAtI hai| use lagatA hai ki gadhe ko kaSTa dene vAlI maiM huuN| usakA karuNa hRdaya pazcAttApa kI agni meM jalane lagatA hai| jisakA citraNa kavi ne isa khUbI se kiyA hai ki pAThaka karuNa rasa kI zAnta anubhUti karane lagatA hai : "aura/use dekhakara/vahIM palI/par3I-par3I/bhItarI anukampA ko caina kahA~ ? sahA nahIM gayA usase/rahA nahIM gayA usase/aura vaha/rotI-bilakhatI dRga-binduoM ke miSa/sveda kaNoM ke bahAne/bAhara A/pUrI borI ko bhigotI-sI anukampA!" (pR. 36-37) __ adRzya cetanA vilakSaNa rasa mAdhurI ke rUpa meM kisI kavi santa ke hRdaya se pavitra vANI kI zRMgAra-sAdhanA banakara pravAhita ho uThatI hai / rasa kA yaha svAbhAvika uphAna kavitA aura upadeza donoM meM prakaTa hotA hai| mUkamATI' kI rasAtmaka sampannatA sAyAsa ekatra kI gaI nahIM lagatI hai apitu anAyAsa phUTe hue kisI jharane kI taraha prasphuTita-sI pratIta hotI hai| citrAtmakatA 'mUkamATI' kI rasAtmakatA kI sahacarI hai, isalie jagaha-jagaha isa kRti meM rasAnubhUti kI taraha citrAnubhUti bhI hotI hai : . "kAka-kokila-kapotoM meM/cIla-cir3iyA-cAtaka-cita meM bAgha-bher3a-bAja-bakoM meM/sAraMga-kuraMga-siMha-aMga meM khaga-kharagozoM-kharoM-khaloM meM/lalita-lalAma-lajIla latAoM meM parvata-paramonnata zikharoM meM/praur3ha pAdapoM au' paudhoM meM pallava-pAtoM phala-phUloM meM/viraha-vedanA kA unmeSa dekhA nahIM jAtA nimeSa bhii|" (pR. 240) anuprAsa zabdAvalI se kavi ne citrAnubhUti kA saMyojana kiyA hai, jisase saha-anubhUti samAnAntara dharAtala para hotI calatI hai| bhAratIya kAvyazAstra meM rasAnubhUti' kI jisa gaharAI kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai usI gaharAI taka pahu~cane ke lie pAzcAtya saundaryazAstriyoM ne saha-anubhUti aura 'samAnubhUti' zabdoM kA vizleSaNa kiyaa| 'simpaithI' aura 'impaithI' ke saundaryAtmaka pahalU kI vizleSaNa paddhati bhArata meM 'nayI kavitA' kI anivArya mA~ga banakara prakAza meM aaii| chAyAvAdI kavi sumitrAnandana panta kI kavitAoM meM citrAnubhUti kA darzana 'samAnubhUti' ke stara para hI hotA hai| zabda vidhAna kI dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' kI zailI tatsama pradhAna hai| kavi kI bhASAgata udAratA ne viSaya ko sahaja bodhagamya banA diyA hai / racanAkAra ne yathAsthAna videzI zabdoM ke prayoga meM bhI hicaka nahIM dikhAI hai : 0 "guma-rAha ho sakatA hai/usake mukha se phira
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________________ 206 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA gama-Aha nikala sakatI hai|" (pR. 12) - "kuzala lekhaka ko bhI/jo naI nibavAlI/lekhanI le likhatA hai lekhana ke Adi meM/khuradarApana hI/anubhUta hotA hai|" (pR. 24) 'phurra-phurra' Adi samAnAntara prayoga ke sAtha 'ArAdhanA' ke jor3a para 'virAdhanA' kA prayoga khaTakatA avazya hai lekina kavi ne jisa artha ko sampreSita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai usa artha kA samyakbodha prayukta zabda ke dvArA hI honA sambhava thA / sAmAnya dharma vAle sAdRzyamUlaka upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA Adi pracalita alaMkAroM kI bharamAra to milatI hI hai 'mUkamATI' meM pAzcAtya alaMkAroM kA prayoga bhI kama nahIM huA hai / lAMjAinasa ko 'praznAlaMkAra' bahuta priya thaa| praznAlaMkAra dvArA kAvya-saundarya vivarddhana para bala dene vAlA vaha pahalA pAzcAtya samIkSaka hai| svayaM ke dvArA prazna kiyA jAnA aura svayaM ke dvArA hI usakA uttara denA kAvya ke cArutva ko bar3hAtA hai / DimosthanIja ne apane kAvya meM isa alaMkAra kA sarvAdhika prayoga kiyA thaa| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne isa alaMkAra ke dvArA dArzanika gutthiyoM ko sahaja rUpa meM sulajhAne kA adbhuta prayAsa kiyA hai : 0 "prabhu ke anurUpa hI/sUkSma sparza se rItA/rUpa huA hai kisakA ?/.."dhUpa kA ___mAnanA hogA/yaha pariNAma-bhAva/upAzrama kI chA~va kA hai|" (pR. 79) 0 "kahA~ haiM pyAsa se pIr3ita-prANa ?/vaha zoka kahA~/vaha rudana kahA~ vaha roga kahA~/vaha vadana kahA~/aura vaha/Aga kA sadana kahA~ ?" (pR. 295-296) Adi na jAne kitane prayoga kAvya-zilpa ko naI gati aura dizA dene meM sahAyaka siddha hue haiN| jaina-darzana ke adhikArI vidvAn hI nahIM siddha AcArya vidyAsAgara dvArA praNIta yaha kRti dArzanika upapattiyoM kA dastAveja bana gaI hai| saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha', 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM,' 'puNya kA pAlana : pApaprakSAlana' aura 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' zIrSaka cAra khaNDoM meM kavi ne jaina-darzana kI mUlabhUta cintanadhArA ko mAnava-hRdaya se udbhUta mAnavatA kA koSa banA diyA hai / mana kI caMcalatA kI bhA~ti jala kI caMcalatA jaba mATI kA Azraya pA jAtI hai taba usameM ThaharAva A jAtA hai / jisa taraha viveka kA Azraya pAkara mana Thahara jAtA hai usI taraha mATI kA Azraya pAkara jala sthira ho uThA hai : "jalatattva kA svabhAva thA-/vaha bahAva isa samaya anubhava kara rahA hai ThaharAva / " (pR. 89) yadi jala tattva miTTI ke samparka se ThaharAva pA jAtA hai to dhUla jala ke samparka se mRdu aura lacIlI miTTI kA rUpa grahaNa kara letI hai| varSA Rtu meM dhUla ke vilupta hone se miTTI ke sundara rUpa kA citraNa tulasI ne bhI kiyA hai : "paMka na renu soha asa dhrnii| nIti nipuna nRpa ke jasa krnii||" darzana ke gUr3ha pariNAmoM ko upadeza kI bhASA meM prastuta karane meM samartha kavi ne kAvya ko darzana kA sahadharmI banA diyA hai:
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 207 "puruSa kA prakRti para nahIM/cetana para/cetana kA karaNa para nahIM, anta:karaNa-mana para/mana kA tana para nahIM/karaNa-gaNa para/aura karaNa-gaNa kA para para nahIM/tana para/niyantraNa-zAsana ho sdaa|" (pR. 125) 'utpAda-vyaya prakriyA kI maulika udbhAvanA ko satya ke samIkaraNa dvArA citrita karane kI kSamatA muni vidyAsAgara meM hI ho sakatI hai " 'utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya-yuktaM sat/santoM se yaha sUtra milA hai isameM annata kI astimA/simaTa-sI gaI hai| AnA yAnI janana-utpAda hai/jAnA yAnI maraNa-vyaya hai lagA huA yAnI sthira-dhrauvya hai/aura/hai yAnI cira-sat yahI satya hai yahI tathya"!" (pR. 184-185) 'mUkamATI' ke sauSThava vizleSaNa ke AdhAra para yaha kahanA anyathA na hogA ki jIvana-jagat ke pravAhapUrNa anta:sAmaMjasya ko dArzanika pRSThabhUmi meM, mahAkavi vidyAsAgarajI ne kAvyamayI zailI meM prastuta karake parama satya ke anveSaNa kA mArga prazasta kiyA hai / sudhI pAThakoM ke lie isa racanA kA mahattva kisI 'viveka-jyoti' se kama nahIM hai| 'mUkamATI' ke uddezya, varNana prasaMga, zabda zilpAMkana, rasa-bhAva prabhAva, kalpanA darzana, racanA kauzala, bhASA vidhAna Adi kasauTiyoM para kasane se sahaja hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yaha eka mahAkAvya koTi kA Adhunika prakAza-stambha hai| 'mUkamATI' meM loka darzana - dRSTAnta bodha racanA kI kAlajayatA kI buniyAda zabdazilA hotI hai / rUpa, rasa, gandha, dhvani jaba AkAza para avalambita zabda vyAkhyA karane ko utsuka ho jAte haiM to racanAkAra kI anubhUti kisI sArthaka zabda kI talAza karane lagatI hai, jIvanacaryA kA mArga prazasta karatI hai paramparA, to paramparA kA patha prazasta karatI hai yugIna arthavattA / zAstroM meM janakalyANa ko hI dharma kA dhyeya batAyA hai| tabhI to anAdi kAla se sabake sukha kI kAmanA ko paropakAra, parahita, maMgalakAmanA Adi rUpoM meM smaraNa karane kI paramparA zAstrokta paramparA hai / yahA~ kA vaidika RSi jaba kahatA hai : "sarve bhavantu sukhinaH sarve santu nirAmayAH / sarve bhadrANi pazyantu mA kazcit duHkhamApnuyAt // " vo bhAratIya paramparA ke vikasita una guNasUtroM kI ora hI saMketa karatA hai jo kAvya kI rasasikti zabdAvalI meM miThAsa lAne meM sahAyaka siddha hotI hai / dRSTAnta kisI racanA ke artha kholane vAle aujAra hote haiM, isalie koI bhI samartha kavi loka-dRSTAntoM ke jarie racanA ke darzana ko vyakta karanA cAhatA hai / loka-jIvana kI saMvedanazIla dRSTi ko bhASA ke navIna AyAma se jor3ane kI sArthaka pahala karanA cAhatA hai / vidyAsAgarajI ne 'mUkamATI' kAvya kRti meM laukika udAharaNoM ke mAdhyama se loka-darzana ke anachue pahaluoM ko bahuta caturAI se kaha diyA hai jisake kAraNa hI isa kRti meM darzana ke gUr3ha pakSa sahaja hI udghATita ho gae haiN| jarA-maraNa ke bhaya se mukti dilAne vAlI yaha anUThI kRti unheM sarasa kavitA karane vAle kavIzvara ke rUpa meM sthApita kara detI hai : "jayanti te sukRtino rasasiddhAH kavIzvarAH /
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________________ 208 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA nAsti yeSAM yaza: kAye jarAmaraNajaM bhayam // "( bhartRhari, nItizataka, 23) vidyAsAgarajI kI isa kRti meM vaicArika maulikatA, zreSThatA, udAratA, pragatizIlatA Adi guNa samAviSTa haiM jinakI puSTi ke lie unhoMne dRSTAntoM kA sahArA liyA hai / sampUrNa kRti meM dRSTAntoM kA prayoga unhoMne katipaya ina kAraNoM se kiyA hai : (1) upapatti saMgraha bhAva se, (2) artha niSpAdana kSamatA bar3hAne ke lie, (3) dArzanika pratIkoM ko spaSTa karane ke lie, (4) bimbAtmaka dRzyoM ko upasthita karane ke lie, (5) jIvana ke upayogI pakSoM ko spaSTa karane ke lie, (6) cintana kI gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne ke lie, (7) vyaSTigata yA samaSTigata bhAvabodha ko sArvabhaumika svarUpa pradAna karane ke lie, (8) jIvana mUlyoM ko rUpAyita karane ke lie, (9) kAvya meM cArutva lAne ke lie, (10) udAttatA paidA karane ke lie| laukika dRSTAntoM meM upapatti saMgraha bhAva se prayukta dRSTAnta tarkasaMgata pramANa banakara kAvya meM udAharaNa kA AkAra pA gae haiN| isa taraha ke dRSTAntoM se kavi ne vyAvahArika anubhavoM ko AdhAra banAkara, nayA rUpa gar3hane kA kAma liyA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke khaNDa eka 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' meM jagaha-jagaha aise dRSTAnta milate haiM : "nirantara abhyAsa ke bAda bhI/skhalana sambhava hai;/pratidina-barasoM se roTI banAtA-khAtA AyA ho vaha/tathApi/pAka-zAstrI kI pahalI roTI karar3I kyoM banatI, beTA !/isIlie suno !/AyAsa se DaranA nahIM Alasya karanA nahIM !" (pR. 11) yahA~ kavi ne 'anabhyAse viSaM zAstram' kI ukti ko AdhAra banAkara loka-jIvana ke mahattvapUrNa pakSa ko ujAgara kara diyA hai| kavi yadA-kadA loka-dRSTAntoM ke dvArA tarkasaMgata tathyoM ko prastuta karane ke lie upadeza zailI' kA prayoga kiyA hai / aise sthaloM para prayukta dRSTAnta dekhane meM to kisI upamAna sadRza dikhate haiM lekina kAma sampUrNa padya khaNDa ke niyantraka (kamANDara) kI taraha karate haiN| isI khaNDa kA dUsarA udAharaNa hamAre kathana ko pramANita kara degA : "prAthamika dazA meM/sAdhanA ke kSetra meM/skhalana kI sambhAvanA pUrI banI rahatI hai, beTA!/svastha-prauDha puruSa bhI kyoM na ho kAI-lage pASANa para/phisalatA hI hai !" (pR. 11) artha vyApakatA kI dRSTi se prayukta dRSTAntoM kA svarUpa apekSAkRta gambhIra cintana kA paricAyaka bana gayA hai| phalata: kahIM-kahIM to vaha sAmAnya jJAna ko bhI cunautI dene kI sAmarthya prakaTa karatA hai / sAdhAraNa pAThaka jaba taka saghana anubhUti taka nahIM pahu~ca sakegA taba taka kavi ke lakSya ko nahIM pA skegaa| "yadyapi inakA nAma payodhara bhI hai/tathApi/viSa hI varSAte haiM varSA Rtu meM ye / anyathA,/bhramara-sama kAle kyoM haiM ?/yaha bAta nirAlI hai ki vasudhA kA samAgama hote hI/'viSa' sudhA bana jAtA hai|" (pR. 230) bAdaloM ko payodhara' kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki ye jIvanadAyIjala dekara vanaspatiyoM, prANiyoM ko jIvita rakhate haiN| 'viSa' kA kozagata eka artha hai 'jala' / kavi kezavadAsa ne bhI 'rAmacandrikA' mahAkAvya meM likhA hai-'viSamaya yaha godAvarI' / jala barasAne kI jagaha para viSa barasAne kA bhAva lAkara kavi ne usake loka-artha ko chipA diyA, jisase
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 209 pAThaka thor3I dera artha talAzane meM lIna ho jAtA hai phira agale hI dRSTAnta ke dvArA use artha mila jAtA hai ki bhale hI bAdala viSa barasAte haiM lekina 'vasudhA' kI goda meM utarakara unakA rUpa parivartana amRta meM ho jAtA hai / dharatI kI kucha vizeSatA hai bhI isa prakAra kI ki vaha apanI bhinna-bhinna prakRti aura vastu ke saMyoga kI pRSThabhUmi meM kabhI rana ugalatI hai to kabhI adbhuta dhAtue~; kabhI jar3a kA nirmANa karatI hai to kabhI cetana kA aura kabhI buddhiprANa jIva mAnava kA to kabhI kIr3e-makor3oM kA / jala, pAvaka, gagana aura samIra Adi paMcabhautika vibhUtiyoM ke mela se taraha-taraha kI vastuoM ko DhAlane kA svabhAva aura kisI ko nahIM sirfa dharatI ko milA / AcArya vidyAsAgara ne sAmAnya bAta ke mAdhyama se vyApaka artha utArane kI koziza jagaha-jagaha kI hai| "kumbha !/'kuM' yAnI dharatI/aura/'bha' yAnI bhAgya yahA~ para jo/bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho/kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai|" (pR. 28) kumbha-nirmAtA zilpI ko bhAgya-vidhAtA brahmA ke artha meM prastuta karane kI paramparA bhale hI purAnI par3a gayI ho lekina yahA~ para AcAryazrI ne pracalita artha ko 'zabda -manthana' kI tulA para rakhakara usakI vyApaka bhAvabhUmi ko AvaraNa mukta kara diyA, phalata: laukika avadhAraNA ko alaukikatva prApta ho gyaa| dArzanika pratIkArtha ko spaSTa karane ke lie kavi ne jina dRSTAntoM kA sahArA liyA hai unakI lokAtmaka prakRti anya prayojanoM se prayukta dRSTAntoM se thor3I bhinna hai / isa taraha ke dRSTAntoM ko kavi ne Atma kathA' zailI meM prastuta kiyA hai jisase usakI Antarika vedanA zabda ke sahAre dArzanika artha ko kholane ke sAtha-sAtha prabhAvazAlI banA detI hai| kliSTArtha kA zodhana karake mRdu artha meM DhAla detI hai : "lo, jalatI agni kahane lagI ki/maiM isa bAta ko mAnatI hU~ ki agni-parIkSA ke binA Aja taka/kisI ko bhI mukti milI nahIM, na hI bhaviSya meM milegI/...kumbha kahatA hai agni se/vinaya-anunaya ke sAtha maiM kahA~ kaha rahA hU~/ki mujhe jalAo ?/hA~, mere doSoM ko jalAo ! mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI mujhe jilAnA hai sva-para doSoM ko jalAnA/parama-dharma mAnA hai santoM ne|/doss ajIva haiM, naimittika haiM/bAhara se Agata haiM kathaMcit;/guNa jIvagata hai, guNa kA svAgata hai |/tumheN paramArtha milegA isa kArya se, isa jIvana ko artha milegA tuma se/mujha meM jala-dhAraNa karane kI zakti hai jo tumhArI pratIkSA kara rahI hai,/usakI pUrI abhivyakti meM tumhArA sahayoga anivArya hai|" (pR. 275-277) jaina-darzana meM guNoM kI vyAkhyA manovaijJAnika AdhAra para kI gaI hai, phalata: jIvana meM guNagrahaNa ko sarvocca lakSya mAnA gyaa| siddhAvasthA taka pahu~cane ke lie mumukSu ko guNoM ko dhAraNa karanA hI par3atA hai / isa dRSTi se hI caudaha guNasthAnoM kI vikAsa yAtrA se siddhi ko antima lakSya mAnA gayA hai- mithyAtva, mithyAtva se mukti kintu samyaktva se cyuti, mithyA evaM samyak zraddhA kI avasthA, avirata samyagdRSTi, pA~ca pApoM kA AMzika tyAga- jise dezavirati kahA gayA, pramatta, apramatta, apUrvakaraNa, anivRttikaraNa, sUkSma sAmparAya, upazAnta moha, kSINa moha, sayogakevalI tathA
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________________ 210 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ayogakevalI / ina guNasthAnoM ke lie guNa ko jIvagata ghoSita karane ke pIche vyaMjanA yahI hai ki kavi guNoM ke mAdhyama se siddhi pAne kA pratIkAtmaka lakSya ghoSita karatA hai / doSoM ko jalAne meM ina guNoM kI ahaM bhUmikA 'sva-para' doSa parimArjana kA prabhAvI kadama mAnA jA sakatA hai| ____ laukika upamAnoM ke dvArA alaukika sandarbho ko rUpAyita karane kI AdhyAtmika prakriyA una kabIra, raidAsa Adi santa kaviyoM kA smaraNa karAtI hai jinhoMne dRSTAntoM ke dvArA durUha brahma ko samajhAne kA prayatna kiyaa| jaba kabIra advaita brahma ko spaSTa karane ke lie kumbha kA udAharaNa rakhate haiM taba unameM dehI aura deha ke anyonyAzrita sambandhoM kA bodha jAgRta rahatA hai / isa bodha ko hI vyakta karane ke lie AcArya vidyAsAgara bhI 'sva' kI upalabdhi ko mahAnatama upalabdhi ghoSita karate haiM : "phira, bAyeM hAtha meM kumbha lekara,/dAyeM hAtha kI anAmikA se cAroM ora kumbha para/malayAcala ke cAru candana se svayaM kA pratIka, svastika aMkita karatA hai 'sva' kI upalabdhi ho sabako/isI eka bhAvanA se|" (pR. 309) laukika upamAnoM kI Antarika zakla kI anukRti bimbAtmaka dRzyoM kI adbhuta chaTA se rUpa meM aMkita milatI hai / darzana kI pRSThabhUmi meM aise dRzyoM kA upayoga kavi ne kevala dRzya-nirmANa ke lie nahIM kiyA hai apitu pAramparika artha dene kA prayAsa kiyA hai| svastika' bhAratIya samAja kA aisA cihna hai jo lAbha evaM zubha kA sUcaka mAnA jAtA hai / usakA zivatva satya aura sundara ke saMyoga se bhAsvara hotA rahA hai| 'svastika' kI sampUrNa vyAkhyA nimnAMkita bimba-yojanA meM dekhI jA sakatI hai : "prati svastika kI cAroM pA~khuriyoM meM/kazmIra-kesara mizrita candana se cAra-cAra bindiyA~ lagA dIM/jo batA rahIM saMsAra ko, ki saMsAra kI cAroM gatiyA~ sukha se zUnya haiN| isI bhA~ti, pratyeka sva ke mastaka para/candra-bindu sameta, oMkAra likhA gayA yoga evaM upayoga kI sthiratA hetu |/yogiyoN kA dhyAna prAya: isI para TikatA hai|" (pR. 309) oMkAra meM yoga aura upayoga ke sAmaMjasya ko vyakta karane kI itanI sUkSma vyaMjanA kisI vistRta vyAkhyA meM bhI sambhava nahIM dikhatI hai / sAdhAraNa 'coTI' ko AdhAra banAkara 'mukti' darzana kA vizleSaNa karanA AcAryapravara vidyAsAgara jaise santa kavi ke dvArA hI sambhava hai : "prAyaH saba kI coTiyA~/adhomukhI huA karatI haiM, parantu/zrIphala kI UrdhvamukhI hai |/ho sakatA hai isIlie zrIphala ke dAna ko/mukti-phala-prada kahA ho|" (pR. 311) kavi zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne bimboM kA nirmANa loka pracalita andhavizvAsoM ke mAdhyama se bhI kiyA hai, lekina aise varNanoM meM kisI janamAnyatA ko protsAhita karane kI jagaha para sunI-sunAyI paramparA ko sAkSya ke rUpa meM upayoga
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 211 karane bhara ko mahattva prApta huA hai : "sunA hai zmazAna meM/bhUtoM ke hAtha meM mazAla hotA hai jise dekhate hI/nirbhIka kI A~kheM bhI banda ho jAtI haiN|" (pR. 370) bhaya se bhayabhIta vyakti dUsaroM ko bhI bhayabhIta karatA hai lekina jisake hRdaya meM jJAna kA prakAza A jAtA hai vaha bhaya kI upAsanA se dUra hotA hai : "patha-bhraSTa ekAkI/andhakAra se ghirA bhayAtura / pathika vaha/dIpaka ko dekhate hI abhIta hotA hai|" (pR. 370) bhAratIya samAja meM 'nArI' maryAdA mAnI jAtI hai / loka meM usake prati sammAnabhAva mahattvapUrNa naitika mUlya banA huA hai / vidyAsAgarajI ne isa mUlya kI prAsaMgika mahattA ko samajhA aura nae pariprekSya meM usa mahattA ko prastuta karane kA prayAsa bhI kiyA : 0 "inakI A~kheM haiM karuNA kI kArikA/zatrutA chU nahIM sakatI inheM milana-sArI mitratA/mufta milatI rahatI inase |/yhii kAraNa hai ki inakA sArthaka nAma hai 'nArI/yAnI-/'na ari' nArI"/athavA ye ArI nahIM haiN/sonaarii"|" (pR. 202) 0 "jo/maha yAnI maMgalamaya mAhaula,/mahotsava jIvana meM lAtI hai 'mahilA' kahalAtI vaha / " (pR. 202) samagrata: yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'mUkamATI' meM AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne loka-dRSTAntoM yA upamAnoM ke mAdhyama se loka-darzana ko vANI dI hai jo isa kRti kI apUrva upalabdhi hai / pRSTha 193 tathApi vicAra kareM to--- usakA svabhAva to chalanA hai|
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________________ Adhunika sandarbha meM 'mUkamATI' kI vivecanA - DaoN. jI. zAntA kumArI ghaTanAoM kI bahutAyata se bharI bIsavIM sadI ke pUrvArddha meM bhAratabhUmi ne yAtanAoM ko sahana kiyA parantu uttarArddha taka hamArI mAtRbhUmi ne AjAdI ke mIThApana kA pAna karanA zurU kiyA thaa| kitane bar3e tUphAnoM kA sAmanA kiyA thA / balki acambhe kI bAta hai ki isa bhUmi ne isa bIca apanI sAMskRtika paramparA ko kahIM khone na diyaa| 'tamas se jyotis' kI ora le calane vAlI eka adRzya zakti isa paramparA kI eka kar3I hai| usake hAtha se pratibhAvAn tapasvI kavi kabhI baca na paaeNge| yoM jyotiSa kI khoja karane vAle eka dila kI adamya jijJAsA kA prasphuTana 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke praNayana ke pIche parilakSita hai| isa kAvya ke praNetA AcArya vidyAsAgara ke AdhyAtmika jIvana kI ajasra dhArA kA nirbAdha-pravAha isa kAvya ko hindI sAhitya kI akSaya-nidhi banA detA hai / jo dharatI upaniSadoM kI janmadAtrI hai, vahI aisI racanA ko janma de sakatI hai aura aisI eka janatA ke lie hI yaha kAvya pulakodgamakArI ho sakatA hai, jisake abodha meM AstikatA nidrAvasthA meM par3I ho| gA~dhI jI ke tattvacintana kI gaharAI ke sAtha-sAtha kArla mArksa ke pratyayazAstra kI gambhIratA kA sAmaMjasya lagabhaga pA~ca sau pRSThoM meM viracita 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM milatA hai| yadyapi ina donoM ke rAste alaga haiM to bhI lakSya sambandhI unakI vaicArika sattA meM ekAtmakatA hai / ata: isa kAvya ke praNayana se AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara santa hokara bhI isa sadI ke nae mAnava kA pratinidhi bana jAte haiN| prAcInatA-arvAcInatA kA, AdhyAtmikatA-AdhibhautikatA kA, paramparAgata dArzanika cintanoM kA evaM samayAnusAra badalI sAmAjika mAnyatAoM kA sundara samanvaya isa mahAkAvya meM hameM prApta hotA hai / mahAkAvya kI paramparAgata sImAoM ko tor3a kara tatkAlIna samasyAoM kA udghATana karane meM yaha kAvya sakSama huA hai| ata: 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA Adhunika mahAkAvyoM ke pariprekSya meM AlocanA karanA atyanta samIcIna hogaa| cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta isa mahAkAvya kI kathAvastu rocaka hai jisameM koI bhI pAtra nAyaka yA nAyikA kA sthAna nahIM grahaNa karatA / santakavi jisa samAja kI kalpanA karate haiM, usa samAja meM sAmyavAda kA jo svarUpa ho sakatA hai usI ko lekara kAvya ke pAtroM kI sRSTi bhI huI hai| dUsare mahAkAvyoM kI taraha isakI bhI zurUAta manorama prakRtivarNana se hotI hai, jo sIdhe kathAvastu kI ora le calatI hai : "saritA-taTa kI mATI/apanA hRdaya kholatI hai mA~ dharatI ke sammukha !" (pR. 4) saMgharSoM se lar3akara apanA uddhAra cAhane vAle patita evaM pada-dalita mAnava kA pratinidhitva karane vAlI pAtra hai 'mATI' / vaha apanI mA~ dharatI se kahatI hai : "svayaM patitA hU~/aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se, ..' adhama pApiyoM se/pada-dalitA hU~ mA~ !" (pR. 4) auroM se kucalI jAne para, jisa tIvra vedanA kA anubhava hotA hai use zabdoM ke mAdhyama se kavivara ujAgara kara dete haiM : "yAtanAyeM pIr3AyeM ye !/kitanI taraha kI vedanAyeM/kitanI aura Age
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________________ kaba taka... patA nahIM / inakA chora hai yA nahIM !" (pR. 4) itane para bhI mATI apane du:kha ko, ghuTana ko chipAtI hai / kyoM ? kyoMki dUsare usake duHkha se duHkhI na hoN| mATI kI niHsvArtha bhAvanA hamAre dila ko dravita kara detI hai| yahA~ para mATI jaise padadalitoM kI sImAhIna pIr3A ko kavi ne ubhArA hai| dharatI mA~ se mATI sahArA mA~gatI hai, kucha upAya cAhatI hai ki apanA uddhAra kara paae| patha aura pAtheya kI vaha mA~ga karatI hai| dharatI mA~ ne beTI mATI ko batA diyA ki jo apane Apa ko patita mAnatA hai, laghutama samajhatA hai, vaha Izvara ko pahacAna sakatA hai | vaise hI kisI kArya ko sampanna karane, anukUlatA kI pratIkSA karanA sahI puruSArtha nahIM / Adhunika mAnava ko vighnoM se bhir3ate hue AzA banAe rakhane kI preraNA yahA~ se milatI hai : " saMgharSamaya jIvana kA / upasaMhAra niyamarUpa se / harSamaya hotA hai, dhanya !" (pR. 14) mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 213 - dhArA paMktiyoM meM kavi kI AzAvAditA chalakatI hai aura saMgharSamaya jIvana bitAnevAloM ko amRta - lepana-sI zAnti-dha bahA dete haiM / mATI ko kala prabhAta se apanI yAtrA kA sUtrapAta karanA hai / patita ko pAvana banAne kumbhakAra aaegaa| mA~ ne use samajhAyA : "usI ke tattvAvadhAna meM / tumhArA agrima jIvana svarNima bana damakegA / " (pR. 17) agale prabhAta se mATI kI mahAna yAtrA zurU hogI- "patha ke atha para / pahalA pada par3atA hai / isa pathika kA' (pR. 21) / pada rakhane se pahale pichalI rAta ko AzA, AkAMkSA evaM jijJAsA kI vajaha se mATI ko nIMda nahIM aatii| mA~ dharatI use pAtheya ke rUpa meM kaI upadeza detI hai| dharatI mA~ ke mArmika kathana meM dhArmika manthana kI jo bAteM hameM milatI haiM, ve vartamAna samAja kI hAlata para dRSTi DAlane vAlI haiM aura unameM eka zreSTha AcArya kI sAmAjika pratibaddhatA bhI nihita hai| dharatI mA~ jAnatI hai ki 'suta ko prasUta kara vizva ke sammukha prastuta karane mAtra se mA~ kA satItva sArthaka nahIM hotA balki use santAna kI suSupta zakti ko sat-saMskAroM se saceta, sazakta aura sAkAra karanA hotA hai' (pR. 148) / isa prasaMga meM Apasa meM lar3ate bhir3ate, miTAne -miTane ko tule hue Aja ke mAnava kI ora izArA karake prakRti mAtA ke rudana kI ora AcAryajI ne dRSTi DAlI hai| unakA kathana hai : " jIvana ko mata raNa banAo prakRti mA~ kA RNa cukAo !" (pR. 149) isa sandarbha meM doSaikadRk logoM para vicAra karate kavi kA upadeza hai : " "apanA hI na aMkana ho / para kA bhI mUlyAMkana ho, para, isa bAta para bhI dhyAna rahe / para kI kabhI na vAMchana ho para para kabhI na lAMchana ho !" (pR. 149 )
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________________ 214 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA prakRti mA~ ke mana ko dukhAnevAlI bAtoM se hamezA dUra rahane kA unakA saMketa hai / bhArata kI puNya-paramparA meM mArgadarzakoM, AcAryoM, guruoM kA kahIM abhAva nahIM / lekina unake dikhAe pAvana patha para calane kI kAmanA Aja ke logoM meM thor3I hI hai / kathanI aura karanI meM sAmaMjasya na rakhane vAle Aja ke netAoM kI ora izArA karake kavi kahate haiM : 44 'Aja patha dikhAne vAloM ko / patha dikha nahIM rahA hai, mA~ ! kAraNa vidita hI hai- / jise patha dikhAyA jA rahA hai vaha svayaM patha para calanA cAhatA nahIM, /auroM ko calAnA cAhatA hai aura / ina cAlAka, cAlakoM kI saMkhyA anagina hai|" (pR. 152) dina-ba-dina bar3hane vAle aise jhUThe netAoM se ghire rahakara hama Aja taMga A rahe haiN| aisI saccAI para bilakhatI kavi kI lekhanI daraasala apanA kavi - karma nibhAtI hai / prathama khaNDa meM mATI kumbhakAra kI pratIkSA meM vihvala hai ki kaba unake caraNa nikaTa Ae~ kumbhakAra ko kavi ne dRr3hasaMkalpI mAnava kahA hai / vaha avikalpI hai| tanAva ke bhAra - vikAra se dUra hai / vaha kuzala zilpI hai - padadalita mATI nAnA rUpa pradAna karane vAlA mahApuruSa / yahA~ kavi ne sarakAra kI ora bhI saMketa kiyA hai| sarakAra usase kara nahIM mA~gatI, kyoMki isa zilpa ke kAraNa corI ke doSa se vaha sadA mukta rahatA hai| artha ke vyaya - apavyaya se bhI yaha zilpa bahuta dUra hai| zilpI ko yaha sArthakatA pradAna karatA hai / kitanI sArthaka evaM yathArtha abhivyakti hai / zilpI ne kArya kI zuruAta meM oMkAra ko namana kiyA hai / ahaMkAra kA vamana kiyA / lakSya prApti kI ora bar3hane vAloM ko, sahAyaka banane vAloM ko apane aham ko dUra karanA cAhie tAki pUrNa saphalatA mila jaae| kartRtvabuddha aura kartavya-buddhi se jur3anA hai| kArya kI niSpatti taka ye donoM anivArya hotI haiM / kumbhakAra mATI ko mAra (khoda) rahA hai| mATI krandana karatI hai / use borI meM bharakara vaha le jA rahA hai| taba 1 usako sandeha ho rahA hai ki bholI mATI ke sAttvika gAloM para ghAva kyoM hai ? cheda kyoM hai ? vaha usakA bheda jAnanA cAhatA to mATI kA kathana hai ki varSAkAla meM bUMdeM Tapaka-Tapaka kara hI cheda par3ate haiN| dIna-hInoM kA rudana hai yaha varSA / azrudhArA-pravAha se, pyAra aura pIr3A se ghAva hue haiN| taba zilpI sahaja kaha uThatA hai ki yahI vAstavika jIvana hai| yahA~ kavi ne vAstavika jIvana kyA hai, usakI eka jhalaka dI hai| zilpI kA sahayogI hai 'gadahA', jo svacchanda aura avaitanika hai / usakA bandhana sirfa svAmI kI AjJA se hai| mATI kI dRSTi gadahe kI pITha para par3atI hai| borI kI ragar3a se chila rahI hai pITha / mATI borI meM se kSaNa-kSaNa chanakara chilana ke chedoM meM jA kara mRdutama marahama banatI jA rahI hai| mATI kI karuNA lepana kara rahI hai| borI kI rUkhI sparzA bhI ghanI mRdutA meM DUbI jAne para bhI mATI udAsIna hai, kyoMki gadahe chilana meM, jalana meM nimitta kAraNa vaha hai / isakA use du:kha hai, pazcAttApa hai / isa sandarbha meM kavi ne dayA kI mahimA gAI hai aura vibhinna rasoM para apanA mata prakaTa kiyA hai| mATI ke nirmANa kA samaya AyA hai| yogazAlA meM zilpI se zikSaNa-prazikSaNa milatA hai, jisakA sIdhA asara bhItarI jIvana para par3atA hai| jIvana kA nirmANa hone vAlA hai, sAkSI hai itihAsa / adhomukhI jIvana UrdhvamukhI hokara unnata hotA hai / besahArA jIvana sahArA dene vAlA banatA hai| darzanArthI Adarza pA jAte haiM / itihAsa se sambandhita sadiyoM se ulajhI samasyAe~ sahaja sulajha jAtI haiM kSaNa-bhara kI saMgati se / yahA~ saba kucha milate haiM, saba ko / saMskArArthI ko parAmarza tathA kRSi aura RSi ko niHsvArthI ArSa pA jAte haiN| aisA vizuddha vAtAvaraNa hai /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 215 zilpI mATI ko chAlanI se chAnatA hai / kUr3e-kaMkar3a ko nikAlatA hai, use zuddha kiyA jA rahA hai / mRdutA kI carama dazA prApta hotI hai| niSkAsita kaMkar3a pUchate haiM ki kyoM unheM nikAlA jA rahA hai, apanI mA~ mATI se ? taba zilpI kA kathana hai- usakA zilpa mRdu mATI se, laghu jAti se nikharatA hai / kaThoratA se zilpa bikharatA hai / komala manavAle hI sudhara sakate haiN| una para prabhAva jaldI par3atA hai, unheM hama sundara se sundaratama banA sakate haiN| lekina kaThora dilavAloM ko sudhAranA AsAna nahIM hai| usase nirmANa bhI kaThina hai / aura bhI eka bAta yaha hai ki zilpI varNa-saMkara-doSa se DaratA hai| yaha varNa-saMkara-doSa na raMga se hai, na hI aMga se varan cAla-caraNa, DhaMga se hai| jise apanAyA, use jisane apanAyA hai, usake anurUpa apane guNa-dharma, rUpa-svarUpa ko parivartita karanA hogaa| kavi varNa-lAbha ko ThukarAtA nhiiN| kSIra-nIra ke udAharaNa se use bhI mAnyatA pradAna karatA hai : "nIra kA kSIra bananA hI/varNa-lAbha hai,/varadAna hai |/aur kSIra kA phaTa jAnA hI/varNa-saMkara hai/abhizApa hai|" (pR. 49) mATI se kaMkar3a kA astitva alaga hai| vaha kabhI mATI meM mila nahIM pAegA, kyoMki usakA guNa-dharma alaga hai jise vaha bhUla nahIM paataa| cUrNa hone para bhI retila mATI bana nahIM sktaa| yahA~ kaMkara bhI eka pratIka hai / hRdaya-zUnya vyakti kA pratIka pASANa- hRdayavAlA, dUsaroM ke duHkha-darda se jo pighalatA nhiiN| zilpI phira bhI kaMkara se ghRNA nahIM karate, kyoMki RSi-santoM kA sadupadeza hai ki pApI se nahIM pApa se, paMkaja se nahIM paMka se ghRNA karanI hai| yaha dhArmika upadeza kitanA svIkArya vA vartamAna yuga meM yaha kitanA prAsaMgika 'pRthak-vAda' kA AvirbhAva honA mAna kA hI phaladAna hai| kitanI saccI abhivyakti hai / vartamAna samAja meM jo kucha anyAya, atyAcAra cala rahe haiM, vaha isa pRthak-vAda kA natIz2A nahIM hai to phira kyA hogA ? ___ mAnAtIta mArdava-mUrti mATI-mA~ se kaMkara-dala hIrA banane kA mantra cAhatA hai, kaMcana-sA kharA banane kaa| unake prati mATI mA~ kA kathana vicAraNIya hai : "rAhI bananA hI to hIrA bananA hai, svayaM rAhI zabda hI viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai- rAhIhI 'raa|" jo jIvana-yAtrA ke bIca prakaTa Ane vAlI vighna-bAdhAoM se bhir3akara lakSya prApti kI ora jA rahA hai, use avazya hIrA bananA hai / tana-mana ko kaThora banAnA hogA, kyoMki use saba kucha sahanA pddegaa| jIvana kA dhyeya jo bhI ho to bhI saMgharSoM se gajaranA hogaa| magara saMgharSoM se bhir3ane ke lie mana ko kaThora banAnA hogaa| nahIM to lakSya-prApti adhUrI rhegii| yaha preraNA Adhunika jana-jIvana ke saMgharSoM se guz2arane vAle pratyeka AdamI ko behada lAbhadAyaka hai / tana-mana ko saMgharSoM kI Aga meM tapAkara rAkha banAnA hai / rAkha yAnI kharA yAnI zuddha / ___ kumbhakAra, mATI se zilpa banAne kA prayAsa kara rahA hai / mATI ko jala milAkara phulAnA hai / kUpa para khar3e hokara kara meM bAlaTI lekara jala khIMca rahA hai| lekina rassI ulajha gyii| zilpI rassI kI ulajhana ko sulajhAne kA prayAsa kara rahA hai / kAma kI zuruAta meM vighna-bAdhAoM kA AnA sahaja hai / use sulajhAkara hI lakSya-prApti kI ora prayANa karanA hai| zilpI kA AyAma prArambha huA / saMgharSa- 'bAta kA prabhAva', 'hAtha kA prabhAva', 'hathiyAra kA prayoga' yAnI dA~ta-rasanA kA upayoga anta meM gA~Tha khola detA hai| rassI-rasanA ko pratIka banAkara hiMsA-ahiMsA kA vivecana huA hai / rassI kI gA~Tha nahIM khulegI to usakI vajaha se aneka jalacara jIva akAla meM hI mareMge / isalie gA~Tha kholanA anivArya hai| kAyA mAyA hai| zilpI kI kAyA kI chAyA sudUra kUpa ke svaccha jala meM svacchanda tairatI machalI para jA par3atI
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________________ 216 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA hai| arthAt kisI bhI mahAn Adarza vyakti kI chAyA mAtra par3ane se nIce rahanevAlI machalI rUpI AtmA meM Urdhva ho jAne kI cetanA jAgrata hotI hai| andha kUpa meM par3I machalI rUpI AtmA, vikRta gati, mati aura sthiti se bacanA cAhatI hai| jJAnarUpI prakAza-kiraNa ke lie tarasatI hai| machalI ko Upara uThAne ke lie kumbhakAra apanI bAlaTI nIce kUpa meM utAratA hai / lekina saba machaliyA~ jAla ko bandhana samajhakara, bhIti se bhAga jAtI haiN| magara eka machalI, jo dRr3hasaMkalpitA hai, vaha mahA Ayatana kI zaraNa meM jAne kI soca letI hai, kyoMki kUpa meM rahane se patA nahIM kaba bar3I machalI choTI ko nigala legii| __ Adhunika sandarbha meM rakhakara isakI vivecanA karane se pratIta hotA hai ki hamAre hI samAja meM aisI aneka machaliyA~ haiM, jo choTI-choTI machaliyoM ko khA jAtI haiN| sahadharmI hote hue bhI, sajAti meM hI vairabhAvanA panapa rahI hai| zvAna, zvAna ko dekhakara nAkhUnoM se dharatI ko khodatA, gurrAtA hai| yahI hAlata hamAre deza meM darzanIya hai| isase mukti tabhI sambhava hai, jaba unakI cetanA UrdhvamukhI ho jaaegii| sabakA vizvAsa apane Apa se bhI uTha gayA hai| muMha meM rAma bagala meM churI' kA hAla banAyA hai hamane / dayA kA sthAna luTa gayA / astroM, zastroM, kRpANoM para hI hamArA vizvAsa rahA hai / kintu yaha jAnanA hai ki kRpANa kabhI kRpAlu nahIM hotA / kRpANa kA artha 'kRpA na' hai| dharma ke pavitra jhaNDe ko Aja DaNDA banA diyA hai| Izvara-stuti meM tatpara surIlI bA~surI ko bhI bA~sa banAkara sumArga-calanevAloM ko pITate haiN| 'mUkamATI' meM AcAryazrI ne aise jo pratIkAtmaka citra aMkita kie haiM, ve saba Adhunika jamAne ke yathArtha citraNa ko prastuta karane vAle haiN| ___kisI maMgala kArya ke zurU karate samaya vighna-bAdhA kA upasthita honA sahaja hai| kintu una vyavadhAnoM kA sAvadhAnI se sAmanA karanA caahie| tabhI hameM antima samAdhAna milegaa| usI prakAra guNoM ke sAtha doSoM kA bodha rakhanA cAhie, kintu doSoM ke prati dveSa rakhA ucita nahIM hai / vaha to ajJatA hai, balki unase apanA bacAva karanA vijJatA hai| yaha vijJatA viraloM meM hI milatI hai| machalI jaba apane uddhAra ke lie cala nikalI, to anya machaliyoM kI bhIti dUra ho gaI aura unako dizA mila gii| mokSa kI yAtrA kA anumodana sArI machaliyA~ kara rahI haiN| moha chor3akara mukti kI ora AtmA kI yAtrA / patana-pAtAla se, utthAna-uttAla kI ora prayANa / aba machalI ko tairane kI jarUrata nahIM / kUpa kA bandhana TUTa gyaa| machalI bAlaTI meM se uchalakara mATI ke pAvana caraNoM meM jA giratI hai aura ujalI azru kI bUMdoM se mATI ke caraNoM ko dhotI hai| isa sandarbha meM kavi kI dRSTi Adhunika samAja kI gatividhiyoM kI ora bhI par3atI hai / Adhunika samAja se mAnavatA gAyaba ho cukI hai| usakI jagaha dAnavatA ne har3apa lI hai| "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kA artha hI badala gayA hai| usakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai| 'vasu' mAne dhana-dravya aura 'dhA' yAnI dhAraNa karanA / Aja to dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai aura vahI mukuTa bhii| isa nagna satya ko kavi ne AdhyAtmikatA ke kavaca se ubhArA hai| mATI, 'dharatI mA~ se to machalI 'mATI mA~' se apanA uddhAra cAhatI hai| usake prazna ke uttara ke rUpa meM kavi ne kaliyuga kI sahI pahacAna dI hai| satyuga evaM kaliyuga kA unhoMne antara samajhAyA hai / santoM se unako yaha sUtra milA hai : " "utpAda-vyaya-dhauvya-yuktaM sat"/santoM se yaha sUtra milA hai isameM ananta kI astimA/simaTa-sI gaI hai/yaha vaha darpaNa hai, jisameM/bhUta, bhAvita aura sambhAvita/saba kucha jhilamilA rahA hai, taira rahA hai/dikhatA hai AsthA kI A~khoM se dekhane se !" (pR. 184)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 217 AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI vyAvahArika bhASA meM isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA karate haiM : "AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai/AnA yAnI janana-utpAda hai jAnA yAnI maraNa-vyaya hai/lagA huA yAnI sthira-dhauvya hai/aura hai yAnI cira-sat/yahI satya hai yahI tathya !" (pR. 185) machalI kI sArI ulajhana mA~ mATI ke upadeza se sulajha gayI / AtmA apane uddhAra ke prayANa meM jaba prayatnazIla rahatI hai taba zaMkAe~ udbhUta hoM- yaha svAbhAvika hai / unheM sahI taura para sulajhAe binA uddhAra sambhava nahIM / bodha kI jAgRti hotI hai, jisase zodha hotA hai| mATI parivartana kI ora mur3a gayI aura zilpI usameM nUtana prANa phUMkane lgaa| vaha apane kAma meM tallIna hai / use apane tana kA bodha nahIM / mATI khodate eka kA~Te para zilpI kI kudAlI kI mAra pdd'ii| kSata-vikSata zarIra se vaha jItA hai| kA~Te ke mana meM zilpI ke prati baira-bhAvanA jAgI hai / taba mATI use samajhAtI hai ki badale kA bhAva kabhI ucita nhiiN| mAnava-mana meM Ajakala baira-bhAva bar3ha gayA hai| sadmArgI loga durmArgiyoM se bacane ke vAste trAhi-trAhi kara rahe haiN| Aja bhI hamAre bIca rAvaNa jI rahe haiN| vAsanA se bhare mAnava sukha-bhoga ke pIche bhAga rahe haiM / phUla aura zUla ke dharma kA varNana karate hue kavi sthApita karatA hai ki zUla se ghRNA nahIM karanI cAhie, kyoMki zUla kabhI-kabhI phUla jaise komala hote haiN| zUla mahAdeva kA Ayudha hai / lagatA hai, pazcimI sabhyatA hI phUla hai| una phUloM kI vajaha se loga virakta haiM / zAnti-sukha kI pravezikA bhAratIya saMskRti rUpI zUla khojakara Atma-zakti khojane Aja pazcimI loga hamAre yahA~ prayANa kara rahe haiN| bhAratIya saMskRti unnata hai / hamArI AdhyAtmikatA kA mArga kucha kaThina hai| kaThina tapasyA, sAdhanA ko hI zUla batAyA gayA hai / zilpI, mATI ko rauMdakara mRdu banAne kA prayAsa karatA hai / usakA eka pada miTTI rauMdakara ghAyala hai to dasarA pada prabhu se prArthanA karatA hai ki dUsaroM ko padadalita na kreN| yahA~ Adhunika sandarbha dekhanA asaMgata na hogA / mATI ko Ama AdamI ke rUpa meM dekheM to prakaTa hogA ki usakI bhI sthiti mATI-jaisI hotI hai| jisa prakAra mATI ko rauMdate haiM, usI prakAra Ama AdamI ko unnata adhikArI yA koI bhI U~cA AdamI rauMdatA hai| unase Ama-AdamI kucalA jAtA hai| donoM meM sirpha yahI antara hai ki mATI ko nirmANa ke lie rauMdatA hai aura Ama AdamI ko nAza karane hetu rauMdate haiN| apane nirmANa ke lie unnata loga nicale Ama-AdamI ko rauMdate haiN| "paraspara kalaha huA tuma logoM meM/bahuta huA, vaha galata huaa| miTAne-miTane ko kyoM tule ho/itane sayAne ho ! juTe ho pralaya karAne/viSa se dhule ho tuma !" (pR. 149) isa ghaTanA se burI taraha mA~ ghAyala ho cukI hai : "jIvana ko mata raNa banAo/prakRti mA~ kA vraNa sukhAo!" (pR. 149) ina paMktiyoM meM vartamAna sthiti kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai| ye saba Aja hamAre deza meM vividha rUpoM meM pratyakSa haiN| ___ aMkoM ke mAdhyama se kavitA karake kavi ne kamAla kiyA hai| kAvya meM nUtanatA lAe haiM / yaha bhI pratIka hai / guNana aura jamAva se gaNita meM pravINatA sthApita huI hai|
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________________ 218 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA chaha ke mukha ko tIna, tIna ko chaha kahakara mAyA kA varNana kiyA hai / santa kavi ne usake mAdhyama se naitika upadeza diyA hai / isameM vartamAna samAja kI dazA kA citraNa huA hai| tIna aura chaha, ina donoM kI dizAe~ eka-dUsare ke viparIta haiM / vicAroM kI prakRti hI AcAroM kI prakRti ko ulaTI karavaTa dilAtI hai / kalaha-saMgharSa chir3a jAtA hai paraspara / phira kyA batAnA / chattIsa ke Age eka aura tIna kI saMkhyA jur3a jAtI hai, kula milAkara tIna sau traisaTha matoM kA udbhava hotA hai| jo paraspara eka-dUsare ke khUna ke pyAse hote haiM, jinake darzana Aja isa dharatI para sulabha haiN| ___ vartamAna samAja meM jo kucha ghaTa rahA hai vaha inhIM bhinna-bhinna mata-matAntaroM kA pariNAma hai / ekatA kA abhAva, mAnavatA kA abhAva - aisI sthiti ke ye hI hetu haiN| bhAI-bhAI khUna ke pyAse hokara DaNDA mArate haiM, bama pheMkanA, Aga lagAnA, nirdoSoM kI hatyA karanA, ye saba kuTilatA kI vajaha se hote haiN| kumbha kA nirmANa huaa| kumbha para huA vaha siMha aura zvAna kA citra dekhie| unake mAdhyama se kavi ne adhamajanoM ko cetAvanI dene kA prayAsa kiyA hai / zvAna parAdhInatA kA pratIka hai to siMha svatantratA kA / apanI nIcatA, gulAmI ke jaMjIroM ko tor3akara Upara uThane kA prayAsa karanA caahie| mAyAcAra ke vazIbhUta haiM sAdhAraNa loga / lekina vIra-vivekI jana kabhI apanI parAdhInatA, nIcatA, gulAmI pasanda na kreNge| unake viruddha AvAz2a uThAnA hamArA dAyitva hai| nIcajanoM kA uddhAra hamArA kartavya hai / zvAna kI taraha Apasa meM apanI hI jAti lar3a rahI hai, kyoMki ve pAgala haiM, madAndha haiN| zvAna itanA nIca hai ki malinatA meM hI lipaTA rahatA hai| kavi ne lokatantra ko bhI nahIM chor3A hai| zabdoM kI sArthakatA batAI gaI hai| kumbhakAra kumbha ko sukhAne use tapI huI khulI dharatI para rakhatA hai| kavi kI rAya meM : "ucca ucca hI rahatA/nIca nIca hI rahatA/aisI merI dhAraNA nahIM hai, nIca ko Upara uThAyA jA sakatA hai,/ucitAnucita samparka se saba meM parivartana sambhava hai|" (pR. 357) yahA~ jala ajJAna kA pratIka hai| usa jala rUpI ajJAna ko jJAna rUpI dhUpa meM sukhAnA hai / tapana kI prakriyA dvArA mAyA kA vivecana huA hai| bhautika jIvana ko sArahIna batAyA gayA hai| tapana se bahuta kucha anubhava-jJAna hotA hai / mokSa kI ora AtmA kA nirantara prayANa hotA rahatA hai yAnI ki Ama AdamI apanI nIcatA se unnati kI ora prayatnazIla hotA hai| kAvya ke tRtIya khaNDa meM puNya kA pAlana karate hue pApa-prakSAlana karane ko udyata hone vAlI AtmA kA prayAsa hai| hA~, dIna-hIna AdamI kA prayAsa / isa khaNDa meM acche-bure karmoM kA vivecana huA hai| sAmAjika bAtoM kA udghATana huA hai / strI samAja dvArA pRthvI para pralaya kA saMketa : "kyA sadaya-hRdaya bhI Aja/pralaya kA pyAsA bana gayA ? kyA tana-saMrakSaNa hetu/dharma hI becA jA rahA hai ? kyA dhana-saMvardhana hetu/zarma hI becI jA rahI hai ?" (pR. 201) aura : "prAya: puruSoM se bAdhya hokara hI/kupatha para calanA par3atA hai striyoM ko parantu,/kupatha-supatha kI parakha karane meM/pratiSThA pAI hai strI-samAja ne|" (pR. 201-202) nArI, strI, kumArI Adi zabdoM kI sArthakatA batAkara samAja meM nArI kI mahattA kI ora saMketa kiyA hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 219 strI-samAja ko Age bar3hakara pragati prApta karane kI preraNA milatI hai| vartamAna samAja meM ho rahe atyAcAroM, anAcAroM kI ora bhI izArA hai / doSa-baira yukta samAja kI ora saMketa hai| prakRti ke pratyeka aMgoM ke mAdhyama se sAmAjika yathArtha kI abhivyakti huI hai| jaise jaladhara, muktA, prabhAkara, sAgara ityAdi ke mAdhyama se vizeSa abhivyaMjanA huI hai / oloM kA varSaNa, bAdaloM kA Agamana, bijalI kI kauMdha Adi sabhI prakAra ke saMgharSoM se ghirI huI hai AtmA yAnI sAdhAraNa manuSya / saMgharSoM kA utkarSaNa-prakarSaNa hote rahate haiN| lakSya kI ora bar3hate vakta isa prakAra kI vighna-bAdhAoM kA TUTa par3anA svAbhAvika hai, kyoMki hamArI parIkSA lI jA rahI hai| hameM usameM vijayI honA hai| usake lie dhairya se, bahAdurI se kAma karanA avazyambhAvI hai / oloM ke par3ane se bhI kumbha kA nAza nahIM hotA hai| yaha to eka preraNA hai| jo lakSya-prApti ke lie tana-mana ko pAka evaM pakkA banAkara prayANa karatA hai, usakA nAza asambhava hai / pratikUlatA se Darakara vaha pIche nahIM haTegA / tyAga-tapasyA se, dRr3ha niSThA se vaha Age bddh'egaa| ___mATI kI mUka vedanA hai / vaha svayaM sarvasahA hai| sarvasahA mATI mUka hokara vedanA meM tar3apatI hai| phira bhI vaha pahane kapar3oM ko nahIM phAr3a rahI hai, hAtha-paira nahIM pachAr3a rahI hai| dharA para mukha-mudrA ko vikRta kara Akroza ke sAtha krandana nahIM kara rahI hai / isI kAraNa usameM du:kha ke abhAva kA nirNaya lenA, sahI nirNaya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / yahA~ du:kha kA abhivyaktIkaraNa nahIM hai, kintu duHkha kI ghaTAoM se Acchanna hai andara kA prakAza / yaha hAla bhUkaNoM kA hI nahIM hai, aise aneka jIvita bhU-kaNa rUpI AtmAe~ mUka vedanA svayaM bhoga rahI haiN| Izvara unakI parIkSA kara rahe haiN| lekina ati parIkSA pAtra ko vicalita kregii| pAtheya ke prati prIti ghaTa jaaegii| dhairya, sAhasa kama ho jAe~ge, darAra kI sambhAvanA hogI, pariNAma hogA akAla mRtyu / mATI ne sabako svayaM sahA aura apanI yAtrA kI nirantaratA meM tallIna rhii| Age jAkara use paripUrNa vikAsa prApta karanA hai / abhI to agni-parIkSA svAgatArtha sAmane khar3I hai / jalAMza sUkha gayA to agni kI kaThora priikssaa| hA~, hA~ ! yahI to mAnava-jIvana kA bhI hAla hai / mUkamATI hI nahIM, aise aneka asahAya jana pIr3A kA anubhava kara rahe haiN| unakI parIkSA lI jA rahI hai| kumbha kI parIkSA ho rahI hai| use avA meM tapAnA hai yAnI ki kumbha ko pakkA banAnA hai, pAka banAnA hai| usake lie lakar3iyoM kA sahayoga caahie| nIma, devadAru, babUla kI lakar3iyA~ haiN| inameM babUla kI lakar3iyA~ kucha kar3I haiM jisase saz2A dI jAtI hai| lekina saz2A pAne vAle aparAdhI nahIM, niraparAdhI haiN| isa sandarbha meM yaha vicAraNIya hai ki Ajakala kI sAmAjika nIti bhI khokhalI hai / prAyaH yahA~ aparAdhI nahIM, niraparAdhI hI pITA jAtA hai / unako pITatepITate saz2A dene vAle adhikArI TUTate haiN| yaha kabhI gaNatantra nahIM hogaa| isakI ora kavi kA saMketa hai / kavi kI rAya meM: "kabhI-kabhI hama banAI jAtI/kar3I se aura kar3I char3I aparAdhiyoM kI piTAI ke lie|/praay: aparAdhI-jana baca jAte niraparAdha hI piTa jAte,/aura unheM/pITate-pITate TUTatI hama / ise hama gaNatantra kaise kaheM ?/yaha to zuddha 'dhanatantra' hai/yA / manamAnA 'tantra' hai!" (pR. 271) yahA~ gaNatantra ke nAma para ghora atyAcAra ho rahe haiN| pAkhaNDa, ghUsakhorI, rizvatakhorI Adi Ama, asahAya,
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________________ 220 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA durbala janoM ko pITate rahate haiN| ve mUkamATI kI taraha saba svayaM saha rahe haiN| aisI nIca sthiti ne ghora vyAlI-sI sabako reMgate-reMgate ghera liyA hai| usakI pakar3a se bacanA muzkila hai| yahA~ gaNatantra ke badale dhanatantra hI hotA hai / dhana hI saba kucha hai / vahI saba kucha karatA hai / sAmAjika nIti usake izAre para nAca rahI hai / manamAnA tantra hai yh| kitanI sazakta sAmAjika yathArtha kI abhivyakti hai| kavi kA samAja ke prati jo dAyitva hai, usakA sahI dRSTAnta hai yaha / sAmAjika pratibaddhatA santa kavi tor3a na pAe haiN| yahA~ niraparAdha kumbha, niraparAdha mUka Ama-asahAya AdamI hai, jisase cAroM ora lakar3iyA~ bichAkara jalA rahe haiM / yahA~ nyAya bhI anyAya-sA lagatA hai| nyAya kA yuga bIta gayA / lakar3I kA yaha kathana "nirbala-janoM ko satAne se nahIM, bala-saMbala de bacAne se hI balavAnoM kA bala sArthaka hotA hai" (pR. 272)- nae samAja ke pratyeka adhikArI logoM ko, samAja-sudhArakoM ko aura pratyeka tabake ke unnata logoM ko santa kavi kA yahI sandeza hai| ___ kumbha kI agni-parIkSA hone vAlI hai| lekina agni jalatI nhiiN| kucha bAdhA hai| agni-parIkSA ke binA Aja taka kisI ko bhI mukti milI nhiiN| kumbha ko nahIM jalAnA hai, usake doSoM ko jalAnA hai / agni jalane lagI / kumbha ke mukha meM, udara meM, A~khoM meM, kAnoM meM aura nAka ke chedoM meM dhUma hI dhUma hai / kumbha kA kumbhaka prANAyAma, udara meM dhUma ko pUra kara / yaha agni-parIkSA hai damaghoMTU vAtAvaraNa meM ghuTa-ghuTa kara marane vAle durbala AdamI kI / yahA~ darzana aura adhyAtma kA pratipAdana bhI huA hai| agni-parIkSA se choTI-sI pratijJA bhI meru-sI lgegii| AsthA asta-vyasta ho jaaegii| bhAvI jIvana ke prati utsukatA nahIM rhegii| kumbha kI agni-parIkSA sampUrNa huii| jalane se kAlimA chAI / isa khaNDa meM sAdhaka ke sacce bhAvoM kA, guNoM kA varNana bhI huA hai| agni-parIkSA ke bAda bhI parIkSA ! taba kumbha kA kahanA-karo-karo parIkSA, para ko parakha rahe ho, apane ko to parakho jarA'! parIkSaka banane se pUrva parIkSA meM pAsa honA anivArya hai, anyathA upahAsa kA pAtra banegA vaha / kumbha ko nimitta banAkara agni kI agni-parIkSA le rahe haiN| usake bIca sevaka kA, sAdhutA kA varNana bhI kiyA hai / isa khaNDa meM aneka sAmAjika bAtoM kA z2ikra bhI kiyA hai| svarNa-kalaza ke mAdhyama se pU~jIvAda kI ora izArA hai| paratantra jIvana kI AdhArazilA hai vaha / hA~, hA~ ! maz2adUroM ke zoSaNa se pU~jIpati aura adhika dhanavAn hote haiM / maz2adUroM kI tAkata para AdhArita unakA jIvana paratantra jIvana hai / santa janoM para unakA Akroza, unake dvArA samatA kA upahAsa Adi akSamya aparAdha hai / pU~jIpatiyoM ne apane doSoM ko chipAkara nirdoSoM ko sadoSa batAyA hai aura batAe~ge bhii| "dhanika aura nirdhana-/ye donoM/vastu ke sahI-sahI mUlya ko svapna meM bhI nahIM A~ka sakate/kAraNa/dhana-hIna dIna-hIna hotA hai prAya: aura/dhanika vaha/viSayAndha, madAdhIna !!" (pR. 308) macchara kA kathana dekhie--'are, dhanikoM kA dharma damadAra hotA hai| unakI kRpA kRpaNatA para hotI hai, unake milana se kucha milatA nahIM, kAkatAlIya-nyAya se kucha mila bhI jAe vaha milana lavaNa mizrita hotA hai, pala meM pyAsa dugunI ho uThatI hai|' macchara ne seTha kI nindA kI hai / macchara ke mAdhyama se kavi ne sAmAjika yathArtha ko hI ujAgara kiyaa| matkuNa ke mAdhyama se durbhAvanA ke sAtha kucha dene vAle kRpaNa dhanavAnoM kI khillI ur3AyI hai| chidra meM matkuNa rahatA avazya hai| lekina vaha kisI ke chidra dekhatA nhiiN| puruSa aura prakRti ke mAdhyama se nara-nArI sambandha kA varNana kiyA hai| kucha aura sAmAjika bAtoM kA udghATana dekhie--'sakala kalAoM kA prayojana banA hai kevala artha kA Akalana-saMkalana
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 221 AjIvikA se / kaliyuga meM kisI kA, kucha kA artha nhiiN|' sandarbhAnukUla bhU kI mahimA, nArI kI mahimA kA varNana huA hai| vijJAna ko bhI nahIM chor3A hai| sonA so gayA aba, lohA se lohA lohA" | Aja mATI ke bartanoM ke sthAna para sonA-rajata ke loTe-pyAle-pyAliyA~ becakara dhanI banate haiN| jela meM bhI aparAdhiyoM ke hAtha-pairoM meM ispAta kI hI hathakar3iyA~ aura ber3iyA~ hotI haiM / yuvaka-yuvatiyoM ke hAthoM meM bhI ispAta ke hI kar3e milate haiM / yahI hai vijJAna kA vikAsa ? cikitsA ke kSetra meM, bhojana-pAna ke kSetra meM aisA hI kucha ghaTa rahA hai / svAdiSTa-balavarddhaka dugdha kA sevana roga ke kAraNa banane vAle haiN| aniyantrita jIvana jIne vAloM ko, sukha-bhoga ke pIche pAgala banakara bhAgane vAloM ko kucha naitika upadeza haiN| ativyaya aura apavyaya ko chor3akara mitavyayI banane kA mazavirA dete haiN| kumbha ne svarNa-kalaza kA upahAsa kiyA to usake mana meM badale kA bhAva bhara jAtA hai aura vaha seTha ko parivAra sahita samApta karane kA Sar3ayantra racatA hai| dina aura samaya nizcita hote haiN| AtaMkavAda Amantrita hai| dekhie, yaha hAla abhI hamAre sammukha virAjamAna hai / hamAre pAvana, mahAn bhArata varSa meM Aja baira bhAva se utpanna AtaMkavAda kA tANDava nartana ho rahA hai / ina sabakA kAraNa hai apane ko na pahacAnanA, jIvana kA apanA uddezya na pahacAnanA, puruSArtha kA durupayoga karanA, AdhyAtmikatA chor3akara laukika sukha-bhoga meM DUba marane kI avAMchita abhilASA; nahIM to hamAre deza kI sthiti itanI burI, itanI dayanIya nahIM ho sakatI thii| mAna ko TIsa pahu~cane se, ati zoSaNa se, ati poSaNa se yahI hAla huA hai| jIvana kA lakSya zodha ke badale Aja pratizodha banA hai, badale kA bhAva panapA hai / ajJAnatA kA, dUradarzitA ke abhAva kA yahI pariNAma hai / kAza, loga sahI jAna pAte / sonA-miTTI hone ke bheda-bhAva ko chor3akara samatA kA bhAva paidA karane kI salAha dete haiN| hA~, hA~ ! svarNa-kalaza ne badale kA bhAva ThAna liyA hai aura seTha sahita pUre parivAra para AkramaNa karanA nizcita kiyA hai| nirdhArita samaya ke pahale hI anartha ke ghaTane kI sambhAvanA se avagata hokara ar3osa-par3osa kI niraparAdha janatA ko bacAne hetu kumbha ne seTha se parivAra sahita palAyana karane ko kahA / Ajakala jo ho rahA hai, usakI yaha sahI abhivyakti hai| ___palAyana karane vAle parivAra se AtaMkavAda ke dala kA yaha pUchanA ki 'kahA~ bhAgoge, kaba taka bhAgoge, kAyA kA rAga chor3a do aba / are pAtako, Thaharo ! pApa kA phala pAnA hai tumheM, dharma kA colA pahanakara adharma kA dhana chupAne vAlo ! sahI-sahI batAo, kitanA dhana lUTA tumane, kitane jIvana TUTe tuma se'- yaha sAmAjikatA kI saccI abhivyakti hai| Adhunika samAja meM yaha atyAcAra abhI ho rahA hai| usase nirIha, Ama janatA kI rakSA ke lie AtaMkadaloM kI pukAra kI AvAz2a abhI hamAre kAnoM meM gUMja rahI hai| 'daNDa-vidhAna se sambandhita kavi kA apanA mata hai ki uddaNDatA dUra karane hetu daNDa -saMhitA hotI hai / daNDoM meM antima daNDa prANadaNDa hotA hai / prANadaNDa se auroM ko to zikSA milatI hai, parantu jise daNDa diyA jA rahA hai, usakI unnati kA avasara hI samApta hotA hai| krUra aparAdhI ko krUratA se daNDita karanA bhI eka aparAdha hai|' kavi kI kitanI sahI daNDanIti hai ! ___ Aja samAja meM pada-lipsA kI jo bhAvanA khataranAka sthiti taka pahuMca gaI hai, usakI ora bhI kavi ne saMketa kiyA hai- 'padavAle hI padopalabdhi hetu para ko pada-dalita karate haiM, pApa pAkhaNDa karate haiN|' vegavatI nadI kI gambhIratA aura gurutA se bhayabhIta hokara parivAra jana lauTa calane ko udyata hotA hai to kumbha kA kahanA hai ki abhI lauTanA nahIM hai, kyoMki abhI AtaMkavAda gayA nhiiN| 'jaba taka AtaMkavAda jIvita hai taba taka yaha dharatI zAnti kA zvAsa nahIM le sakatI' - Adhunika samAja kA yahI hAla hai| AtaMkavAda kA parivAra ke prati isa kathana meM ki pracAra-prasAra se dUra, prazasta AcAra-vicAra vAloM kA jIvana
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________________ 222 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA hI samAjavAda hai| samAjavAda-samAjavAda cillAne mAtra se samAjavAdI nahIM banoge'-- samAjavAda kI paribhASA dI gaI hai| dhana-saMgraha ke badale jana-saMgraha karane kA AhvAna kiyA gayA hai ki 'lobha ke vazIbhUta hokara a~dhAdhundha saMkalita kA samucita vitaraNa karo, anyathA dhanahInoM meM corI kA bhAva jAgatA hai, jAgA hai| corI mata karo, corI mata karo- yaha kahanA kevala dharma kA nATaka hai, uparila sabhyatA, upacAra mAtra / ' kavi ne ina paMktiyoM meM batAyA hai ki 'cora itane pApI nahIM hote jitane ki coroM ko paidA karane vAle hote haiN| tuma svayaM cora ho aura coroM ke janaka bhii| sajjana apane doSoM ko kabhI chupAte nahIM, chupAne kA bhAva bhI nahIM lAte mana meM, pratyuta udghATita karate haiM unheM / ' rAvaNa aura sItA ke udAharaNa ke dvArA santa kavi ne yahI bAta sthApita kI hai| 'Aja asatya ke sammukha kyA satya kA Atma-samarpaNa hogA? kyA satya, asatya se zAsita hogA ? Aja jauharI ke hATa meM hIraka-hAra kI hAra ! kA~ca kI cakAcauMdha meM hIre kI jhagajhagAhaTa marI jA rahI hai / kyA aba satI anucarI ho vyabhicAriNI ke pIche-pIche calegI? asatya kI dRSTi meM satya bhI asatya ho sakatA hai|' aisI nIca sthiti se hamArA samAja mailA par3A hai / kyA santa kavi kA saMketa samAja kI isa prakAra kI burI hAlata se to nahIM hai ? "nAva kI karadhanI DUba gaI/jahA~ para likhA huA thA-- 'AtaMkavAda kI jaya ho/samAjavAda kA laya ho bheda-bhAva kA anta ho/veda-bhAva jayavanta ho'|" (pR. 473-474) yaha eka nUtana samAja kI vibhAvanA nahIM to phira kyA hogA ? parantu AtaMkavAda vyAkula-zokAkula hokara pazcAttApa karatA hai / AtaMkavAda kA anta hotA hai| parivAra ke prati-sadasya se dala ke prati-sadasya ko sahArA milatA hai| nava-jIvana kA zrIgaNeza, kumbha ke mukha se maMgala-kAmanA kI paMktiyA~ : "yahA~ saba kA sadA/jIvana bane maMgalamaya/chA jAve sukha-chA~va, sabake saba TaleM-/amaMgala-bhAva/saba kI jIvana latA harita-bharita viha~sita ho/guNa ke phUla vilasita hoN| nAzA kI AzA miTe/AmUla mahaka uThe/"basa !" (pR. 478) kumbha kI sAdhanA se, sAdhya prApti se, dharatI mA~ santuSTa huii| kumbhakAra ne kahA ki RSi-santoM kI kRpA se eka sevaka ke nAte usane kumbha ko rUpa diyA / AtaMkavAda ko AtaMka se vijaya kSaNika mahasUsa huii| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki 'mUkamATI' eka AdhyAtmika mahAkAvya hai jisake mAdhyama se kevala AdhyAtmikatA hI nahIM, Adhunika samAja kA sahI -- yathArtha citraNa bhI ho pAyA hai / 'mUkamATI' mokSa kI ora prayANa karanevAlI anazvara AtmA kA hI nahIM, pratyuta, lakSya kI ora bar3hane vAle Ama AdamI kA bhI rUpaka hai jo saMgharSazIla hai, jisakI agni-parIkSA ho rahI hai aura saMgharSoM kI dhUpa meM tapakara agni meM jhulasakara jo nikhara AyA hai, pakkA evaM pAka banA hai| sandarbhAnukUla santa kavi ne aneka sAmAjika yathArtha bhI ujAgara kie haiM / Adhunika hindI kAvya-sAhitya koza meM 'mUkamATI' eka amola ratna hai jo apanI mUkatA meM aneka dhArmika-dArzanika-AdhyAtmika-sAmAjika sAra ko chupAe rahatI hai, jisake AvaraNa ko anAvRta karane se pratyeka rAja eka-na-eka ke rUpa meM hamAre sammukha asaliyata kA rUpa dhAraNa kara utaratA-utaratA prakaTa hotA hai / kathya kI dRSTi se hI nahIM, zilpa kI dRSTi se bhI 'mUkamATI' kI nijI vizeSatA hai / zabdoM kA khilavAr3a isakI sundaratA meM cAra-cA~da lagAtA hai / zabdoM ko ulaTa-pulaTakara anekArtha pratipAdana santa kavi kI zabda-paTutA ko vyakta karatA hai / kavi ne zabdoM ko sArthaka banAyA hai / mukta chanda meM rUpAyita yaha racanA
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________________ makamATI-mImAMsA ::223 pravAhamayI bhASA se, ojayukta kAvyapaTutA se navanavonmeSazAlinI banI huI hai| bhASAgata kucha udAharaNa : 0 "rati-pati-pratikUlA-mativAlI pati-mati anukUlA gtivaalii|" (pR. 199) 0 "vapuSA - vacasA - manasA/eka hI vyvhaar|" (pR. 275) 0 "kyA darzana aura adhyAtma/eka jIvana ke do pada haiM ?" (pR. 287) 0 "darzana kA Ayudha zabda hai-vicAra/adhyAtma nirAyudha hotA hai sarvathA stabdha - nirvicAra !/eka jJAna hai, jJeya bhI eka dhyAna hai, dhyeya bhii|" (pR. 289) kavi kI kavitva bhAvanA ke kucha udAharaNa : "dA~ta mile to cane nahIM/cane mile to dA~ta nahIM / aura donoM mile to"/pacAne kA A~ta nahIM !" (pR. 318) AdhyAtmikatA evaM sAmAjikatA kA pUrA samanvaya isakI chaTA ko nirAlApana pradAna karatA hai / adhyAtma va mokSa sambandhI bAtoM meM unakI bhASA kI camaka ananya hai / udAharaNArtha : 0 "yoga ke kAla meM bhoga kA honA/roga kA kAraNa hai aura bhoga ke kAla meM roga kA honA/zoka kA kAraNa hai|" (pR. 407) "bandhana-rUpa tana/mana aura vacana kA AmUla miTa jAnA hI/mokSa hai|" (pR. 486) kavitva : "prabhAkara ke kara-parasa pAkara/adharoM para manda-muskAna le saravara meM sarojinI khilatI haiN|" (pR. 215) parizrama kI mahattA para unake zabda haiM "parizrama karo/pasInA bahAo/bAhubala milA hai tumheM karo puruSArtha sahI/puruSa kI pahacAna karo shii|" (pR. 211-212) antatogatvA yaha jAhira hai ki jo apane antas ko pahacAnanA cAhatA hai, sAtha hI sAtha samAja ko bhI pahacAnanA cAhatA hai usake lie yaha mahAkAvya eka dharohara hai, mArgadarzaka hai / yaha mahAkAvya AdhyAtmikajanoM ke lie hI nahIM, Adhunika mAnava ke lie bhI upayogI hai jisameM Adhunika jIvana kA bhI khUba yathArtha citraNa sandarbhAnukUla ho pAyA hai| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya svarga-pRthvI ko, bhU-nabha ko, deva-mAnava ko bA~dhane vAlA mahA setu hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' meM prakRti-citraNa sureza sarala prakRti kA avalokana karane ke uparAnta usakA citraNa karanA eka bAta hai aura kalpanA kSetra meM race gae prAkRtika dRzya kA varNana karanA pRthak bAta hai / AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke aneka sthaloM para prakRti ke kAlpanika dRzya nirmita kie haiN| kaI sthAnoM para dRzya kevala ve hI dekha rahe haiM, aisA jJAta hotA hai| ve hI usake racayitA aura ve hI usake draSTA / magara dRzyoM kA citraNa karate samaya ve draSTA ke rUpa meM pahale, pAThakoM kI naz2ara meM A jAte haiM / cU~ki sampUrNa mahAkAvya ke pArzva meM jaina siddhAnta haiM aura unheM kahIM, tanika bhI zithila / kSINa nahIM hone diyA gayA hai, ata: svAbhAvika hai ki prakRti citraNa karate hue bhI racanAkAra ne yaha dhyAna rakhA ho ki bhale hI citraNa laghu rahe, para usakI upasthiti se siddhAntoM ke sAtha khilavAr3a na ho| unakA mahAkAvya prakRti-citraNa se prArambha kiyA gayA hai, jahA~ prathama khaNDa kI pahalI paMkti hI pAThaka ko prakRti kI aura le jAtI hai : " sImAtIta zUnya meM / nIlimA bichAI, aura idhara nIce / nirI nIravatA chAI / " (pR. 1) 'nIce' se artha hai dharatI pr| vahA~, Upara gagana meM cAroM ora nIlimA hai aura idhara dharatI para zAnti / vicitra citraNa hai - raMga kA prati - uttara raMga se honA cAhie thA, yathA- Upara nIlimA hai to nIce koI dUsarA raMga- kAlimA, harItimA Adi / para ve kathana aisA nahIM sa~vArate / ve nIlimA ke samakSa 'zAnti' kI bAta kahate haiM jo 'prakRti citraNa meM vaicitrya' kA durlabha udAharaNa hai / ve bAda kI paMktiyoM meM, pUre dRzya ko mAtA kA mArdava utsaMga (goda) meM badala dete haiM, jaba likhate haiM: "bhAnu kI nidrA TUTa to gaI hai / parantu abhI vaha / leTA hai mA~ kI mArdava-goda meM,/mukha para aMcala le kara / karavaTeM le rahA hai / " (pR. 1) yaha vizAla dRzya dekhane vAlA kavi apane lekhana meM aneka vizAlatAoM ko lekara kAvya-yAtrA para pAyA gayA hai / racanAkAra ne pUrva dizA meM subaha-subaha jo lAlimA dekhI hai, usakA ve varNana bhara nahIM karate balki kucha samaya lie ve pUrva dizA ko hI eka sundarI kI taraha pAThakoM ke paricaya meM lAte haiM : "prAcI ke adharoM para / manda madhurima muskAna hai sara para pallA nahIM hai / aura / sindUrI dhUla ur3atI-sI raMgIna - rAga kI AbhA - / bhAI hai, bhAI !" (pR. 1) magara ve pAThaka ko usa sundarI ke darzana nahIM hone dete aura svataH eka varNI kI taraha dRzya ke Ananda ko bhASA ke mAdhyama se sAmane lAte haiM : "lajjA ke ghU~ghaTa meM/ DUbatI-sI kumudinI prabhAkara ke kara- chuvana se / bacanA cAhatI hai vaha; apanI parAga ko - / sarAga - mudrA ko - / pA~khuriyoM kI oTa detI hai|" (pR. 2)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 225 yahA~ 'lajjA kA ghU~ghaTa' paMkti pAThaka ko gudagudI paidA karatI hai, phira 'DUbatI-sI kumudinI' pAThaka ke samIpa hI vaha (nAyikA) hai, kA AbhAsa karAtI hai| 'prabhAkara ke kara- chuvana se' sUrya kI kiraNoM ke dvArA sparza kiyA jAnA dUra kI bAta lagatI hai, pAThaka hI hAtha se sparza kara rahA ho - lagatA hai / antima paMkti 'pA~khuriyoM kI oTa detI hai' jaise kisI sundara salaunI yuvatI ne donoM hatheliyoM se apanA mukha - candra chupAne kA sukomala prayAsa kiyA ho / yo sampUrNa kAvya, jo 488 pRSThoM meM hai, meM AcAryazrI ne sthala vyavasthA aura pariveza-prasthAna ko dhyAna meM rakha kara, mAtra aThAraha jagahoM para prakRti citraNa Avazyaka samajhA hai, jisameM unakA kavi zRMgArika dRSTi dhAraNa kara kucha dekhatA calatA hai / ise aura adhika spaSTa karU~ ki kaI dRzya mahAkavi khuda to dekhate haiM, kintu pAThakoM ko nahIM dekhane dete, balki una (dRzyoM) ke Ananda kA khulAsA pAThakoM se zabdoM ke mAdhyama se kara, Age bar3ha jAte haiM, jaisA ki unane upara kahA hai'pA~khuriyoM kI oTa' / mahAkAvya ke prArambhika aMza meM hI ye paMktiyA~- "na nizAkara hai, na nizA / na divAkara hai, na divA" (pR.3) dina aura rAta ke madhya Ane vAle eka aise sandhikAla kI bhanaka detI haiM jise kevala racanAkAra ne dekhA - jAnA hai, aura usI ke kathanAnusAra pAThaka eka citra A~khoM meM banAne kA sundara prayAsa kara lene meM saphala ho jAtA hai / kavi kalpanAzIlatA kA prathama saMsthApaka puruSa hotA hai, vaha hI haiM hamAre AcAryazrI / ve dharatI mAtA ke cehare kA varNana kara nae kIrtimAna sthApita kara dete haiM, jaba kahate haiM : "jisake / sala-chaloM se zUnya / vizAla bhAla para guru- gambhIratA kA / utkarSaNa ho rahA hai, / jisake donoM gAloM para / gulAba kI AbhA le / harSa ke saMvardhana se dRga - binduoM kA avirala / varSaNa ho rahA hai|" (pR. 6) yaha pyArA dRzya bhI pAThaka sIdhA-sIdhA nahIM dekhatA, use kalamakAra apane zabdoM ke mAdhyama se dikhalAtA hai / kaheM, bAta nAyikA rUpa kI yA mAtA rUpa kI / kavi ne kucha sthaloM para apane santulita zabdoM ko mAdhyama banAkara dRzya kA AbhAsa karAyA hai, dRzya kI sarjanA kie bagaira, mAtra apane varNana vaibhava ke sahAre / ve, Age, prabhAta kA paricaya karAne meM bhI bhASA aura vyAkaraNa se pare, mAtra kalpanA ke bala para bhArI saphalatA pAte haiM, jaba likhate haiM : " prabhAta Aja kA / kAlI rAtri kI pITha para halakI lAla syAhI se / kucha likhatA - sA hai, ki yaha antima rAta hai / " (pR. 19) yahA~ prabhAta ke dvArA rAtri kI pITha para kucha likhanA pAThaka ke Ananda ko kaI gunA bar3hA detA hai| hara yogya aura caritravAn nAgarika ina paMktiyoM ko par3hate hue kSaNa bhara ko apane parivAra meM ur3akara A jAtA hai, jahA~ usakI priya patnI hai / vahA~ vaha nAgarika do sthitiyoM para socatA hai - vaha bhI apanI patnI kI pITha para isI taraha kucha likhatA rahA hai athavA vigata varSoM meM yA abhI taka usane pITha para kyoM nahIM likhA ? citraNa kI yaha jIvanta prabhAvanA hI hai jo pAThaka ko socane vivaza karatI hai / prakRti kA aisA durlabha citraNa, jo sau pratizata maulikatAoM se sajA - sajA hotA hai, kisI kAvya ( prabandha kAvya / mahAkAvya) meM anyatra dekhane nahIM milA /
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________________ 226 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kisI bar3I mila se nirmita sAr3iyA~ to kahIM na kahIM dekhane ko mila jAtI haiM, parantu idhara 'prabhAta' ne 'rAtri' ko, bheMTa meM jo sAr3I dI hai, vaha mAtra AcAryazrI kI mila meM hI banatI hai / ve digambara sAdhu, savastra kaviyoM kI kalpanA se saikar3oM mIla Age calate milate haiM, jaba ve kahate haiM : "upahAra ke rUpa meM/komala koMpaloM kI/halakI AbhA-dhulI haritAbha kI sAr3I/detA hai rAta ko|" (pR. 19) . sUtI aura rezamI sAr3I se lekara banArasI sAr3I taka, sAr3iyoM kI zatAdhika prajAtiyA~ aura prakAra dekhe haiM, para 'mUkamATI' ke mahAkavi ne haritAbha kI sAr3I prakAza meM lAkara aba taka ke kalpanAzrita kaviyoM ke samakSa nava Adarza to rakhA hI hai, nUtana sarjanA ko nayA phrema (caukhaTa) bhI pradAna kiyA hai| satya to yaha hai ki aise prasaMgoM ke citra koI tUlikAkAra apanI tUlikA se kenavAsa para utAra hI nahIM sakatA / ye to kAvyaloka meM ghumar3ane vAle aise dRzya haiM jinheM kavi kI kRpA se pAThaka apanI anubhUti meM lA sakatA hai, para DrAiMga rUpa meM sarva sAdhAraNa ke avalokanArtha TA~ga nahIM sktaa| itanA hI nahIM mUkamATI' kA kavi osa ke kaNoM meM "ullAsa-umaMga/hAsa-damaMga aura hoza' (pR. 21) ke darzana bhI karatA hai / bhalA aisI kalpanAoM ke citra mRta tUlikA kaise banA sakegI, usake lie to jIvanta vicAra hI sahAyaka ho sakate haiM kavi ke| borI meM bharI huI mATI kaisI yA kisa AkAra meM dikha sakatI hai, kauna batAe ? parantu hamAre kavi ne vahA~ bhI apanI madhura kalpanA ko navAkAra dekara saphalatA pAI hai / ve kahate haiM : "sAvaraNA - sAbharaNA/lajjA kA anubhava karatI, navavivAhitA tanUdarA/yU~ghaTa meM se jhA~katI-sI!" (pR. 30) borI ke jhUTa, chora taka mATI bhara jAne ke bAda vaha kaise dikhatI hai kavi ko ? upamA kA camatkAra yahA~ dekhane milatA hai, vaha hai - 'tanUdarA' / azlIlatA yA vAsanA ke svara se dUra hai yaha eka sundara upmaa| jisa taraha lekhaka apanI racanA se vArtA kara letA hai usI taraha unakA pAtra zilpI bhI mATI se bAtacIta karatA hai, magara kavi ne bAtacIta ko itanI jIvantatA pradAna kara dI hai ki mATI eka mahAnAyikA kI taraha pAThakoM ke mastiSka meM praveza karatI hai, jaba zilpI miTTI se pUchatA hai : "sAttvika gAloM para tere/ghAva-se lagate haiM,/cheda-se lagate haiM, sandeha-sA ho rahA hai/bheda jAnanA cAhatA hU~ yadi "koI "bAdhA "na"ho"to"/batAogI/cAru-zIle !"(pR. 31) yahA~ kavitA meM nahIM, citraNa kA camatkAra zilpI ke prema bhare sambodhana meM hai, jaba vaha pUchatA hai-batAogI, 'cAruzIle' / yaha 'cAru-zIle' zabda pAThaka ke mastiSka ke tAra jhanajhanA dene taka bhItara kauMdhatA rahatA hai aura zabda kI garimA aura saundarya ke bodha ko kisI sundara rUpa meM talAzane laga jAtA hai apane hI paricaya meM Ae kisI rUpa meN| sUrya kA udaya eka prAkRtika ghaTanA hai, jo nitya hotI hai| sUrya ke kAraNa dhUpa kA prasAraNa bhI prAkRtika hai| sUrya aura dhUpa ke madhya koI prAkRtika riztA bhI hai kyA ? hama to nahIM jAnate the, para kalamakAra ne use spaSTa karane kA sat prayAsa kiyA hai: "dinakara apanI aMganA ko/dina-bhara ke lie
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 227 bhejA hai upAzrama kI sevA meM,/aura vaha Azrama ke aMga-aMga ko/A~gana ko cUmatI-sI... sevAnirata-dhUpa.!" (pR. 79) kavi ne dhUpa ko sUrya kI aMganA sambodhita kara eka nae, kintu atyanta maulika rizte kA udghoSa kiyA hai, jo anyatra par3hane ko nahIM milaa| isa sthala para aMganA ke bAda A~gana zabda kA prayoga kara bhASAI camatkAra ko bala diyA gayA hai| pAThaka ko eka miThAsa aura milI hai ukta paMktiyoM se, vaha yaha ki kiraNoM kA sahaja hI Azrama meM AnA eka mAyane rakhatA hai, para unakA Azrama meM Akara Azrama kA aMga-aMga cUmanA, vizeSa mAyane kI saMracanA karatA hai / yahI hai citraNa kA cmtkaar| ___ isI taraha eka anya udAharaNa hai-machalI kA pAnI meM janma lenA prAkRtika hai, para AcAryazrI apane cintana se usa prAkRtika ghaTanA ke bhItara chupI huI sthiti ko prakaTa karane meM sAphalya pAte haiM, jaba ve likhate haiM : "jala meM janama lekara bhI/jalatI rahI yaha mchlii|" (pR. 85) yaha machalI jaise jIvadhAriyoM kA satya hai jise AcAryazrI hI samajha-suna sake haiN| 'jala meM jale machalI' yaha zabdopayoga sAmAnya nahIM hai / yaha pratIti aura vaha anubhUti dArzanikatA se janmI lagatI hai / mahAkavi mAtra kalpanAzIlatA ke vimAna para nahIM calate, ve dArzanikatA ke rAjapatha para bhI cale haiM kAvya likhate smy| prakRti ke mahattvapUrNa citraNa se labareja mahAkAvya kA prathama khaNDa samRddha banAyA gayA hai, jabaki dvitIya khaNDa meM vaha tanika bhI Avazyaka nahIM mAnA gayA hai, phalata: prakRti kI koI laghu dRzyAvalI dRSTi meM nahIM aatii| kintu khaNDa tIna meM racanAkara kA cintana puna: prakRti kA pAvana sparza karatA hai, jaba ve bAdaloM se barase hue pAnI ko dharatI para giratA huA dekhate haiM aura phira vahI pAnI vizAla rAzi ke sAtha dharatI kA saba kucha bahAtA huA apane sAtha samudra meM le jAtA hai / ve usa dRzya ko zabda dete haiM : "vasudhA kI sArI sudhA/sAgara meM jA ekatra hotii|" (pR. 191) ina paMktiyoM meM ve dharatI para pAnI ke sAtha bahe hue aneka padArthoM ko 'sudhA' kA sambodhana dekara apane kavi kA stara bahuta U~cA karane meM bhI sAphalya pA sake haiN| ___ dharatI kI sampadA ko Adara dene ke nimitta hI unhoMne 'sudhA' zabda kA zreSTha upayoga kiyA hai| yahA~ vartamAna ke vikhyAta kavigaNa kAphI pIche raha jAte haiM jinane likhA hai ki dharatI sonA aura hIrA-motI ugalatI hai| ____ aba maiM jo udAharaNa dene jA rahA hU~ vaha kavi kI sukumAra bhAvanAoM kA sundara paricaya to detA hI hai, use prakRti kI ghaTanAoM kA jJAtA bhI siddha karatA hai / AkAza meM tIna badaliyoM ko ur3ate dekha ve kisa kadara prakRti meM samAhita ho jAte haiM, yaha samajhane-vicArane kI bAta hai : "gajagAminI bhrama-bhAminI/dubalI-patalI kaTi vAlI gagana kI galI meM abalA-sI/tIna badalI nikala par3I haiN| dadhi-dhavalA sAr3I pahane/pahalI vAlI badalI vaha Upara se/sAdhanArata sAdhvI-sI lagatI hai| rati-pati-pratikUlA-mativAlI/pati-mati-anukUlA gtivaalii|" (pR. 199)
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________________ 228 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA itanI divya hai vaha unakI prathama bdlii| prathama ke pIche-pIche cala (ur3a) rahI dUsarI badalI, jo madhya meM hai, kA varNana pRthak hai : "isase pichalI, bicalI badalI ne/palAza kI ha~sI-sI sAr3I pahanI gulAba kI AbhA phIkI par3atI jisase/lAla pagatalI vAlI lAlI-racI padminI kI zobhA sakucAtI hai jisase / " (pR. 200) badaliyA~ badaliyA~ na huIM, tIna alhar3a saheliyA~ ho gaI haiM yahA~, jinake zRMgAra aura chavi pRthak hote hue bhI ve eka sAtha cala rahI haiN| tIsarI badalI kA prakRti-citraNa bhI kama nahIM hai, jaba kavi likhatA hai : "nakalI nahIM, asalI/suvarNa varNa kI sAr3I pahana rakhI hai sabase pichalI badalI ne|" (pR. 200) badaliyoM kA varNana kara taruNiyoM ke rUpa-lAvaNya ko upasthita karatA huA kavi apanI usa dRSTi kA paricaya va prabhAva yahA~ pUrNa bArIkI se karA detA hai, jo prakRti ke dRzya dekhane meM atirikta kSamatAe~ dhAraNa kie hue hai| ___isI pRSTha para kavi ne sUrya aura dhUpa kA nUtana riztA taya kara diyA hai, ve prabhA (dhUpa) ko prabhAkara kI preyasi pahale hI mAna cuke haiM, aba ve use patnI mAnakara kalama calAte haiM : "prabhAkara kI prabhA ko prabhAvita karane kA!" (pR. 200) bAda meM kavi prabhAkara aura prabhA ke rizte ko bhI nAma detA huA likhatA hai : "apanI patnI ko prabhAvita dekha kara/prabhAkara kA pravacana prArambha huaa|" (pR.200) prakRti-citraNa kI ye kalpanAe~ sahaja nahIM haiM, inheM kAgaja para utArane meM racanAkAra ko kalpanA ke himAlaya jitanI U~cAI sparza karanI par3I hogii| pUre grantha meM eka vicitra sandarbha bhI dekhane milA hai, jaba kalamakAra kA eka pAtra 'bAdala' vizAla samudra kA pakSa lete hue sUraja ko DA~Ta pilAtA hai / cU~ki kalamakAra kA Azaya hI bAdala aura sUraja kI bAtacIta sunane-sunAne kA hai, isalie isa dRzya ko maiM prakRti-citraNa meM hI samAhita pA rahA hU~, kyoMki sUrya eka prAkRtika tattva hai, usakA udaya aura asta prAkRtika hai, usakA tapanA bhI prAkRtika hai| isI taraha bAdala-dala bhI prAkRtika hai| kavi ne sIdhA-sIdhA sUrya ko nahIM DA~TA, kathA ke eka pAtra ne usa para kopa utArA hai, jaba bAdala nakSatroM ke madhya apane pANDitya kA DaMkA bajAte hue unake variSTha paNDita divAkara ko Ar3e hAtha letA hai : "are khara prabhAkara, suna !/bhale hI gaganamaNi kahalAtA hai tU, saura-maNDala devatA-graha-/graha-gaNoM meM agra tujhameM vyagratA kI sImA dikhatI hai/are ugraziromaNi ! terA vigraha "yAnI/deha-dhAraNa karanA vRthA hai |/kaarnn, kahA~ hai tere pAsa vizrAma-gRha ?/tabhI "to/dina bhara dIna-hIna-sA dara-dara bhaTakatA rahatA hai !/phira bhI/kyA samajha kara sAhasa karatA hai sAgara ke sAtha vigraha-saMgharSa hetu ?" (pR. 231)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 229 bAdala kA krodhotpanna vArtAlApa jArI rahatA hai, bIca meM vaha samudra ko samajhAne ke svara dhAraNa karatA hai aura kahatA hai: "are, aba to/sAgara kA pakSa grahaNa kara le, kara le anugraha apane para,/aura,/sukha-zAnti-yaza kA saMgraha kara ! avasara hai,/avasara se kAma le!/aba, sara se kAma le ! aba "to"chor3a de ulaTI dhuna/anyathA, 'grahaNa' kI vyavasthA avilamba hogii|" (pR. 231-232) kalamakAra catura citere haiM, ve jAnate haiM ki sUraja ko kyA daNDa upayukta ho sakatA hai| koI use na jalA sakatA hai, na bujhA sakatA hai| ata: unhoMne usake AbhAmaNDala (yaza) ko kalaMkita karane kI sajA ThIka maanii| yaza kalaMkita kaise ho ? jaba usameM 'grahaNa' laga jAe / vaha lagA bhii| prakRti kA yaha citraNa, hA~ aisA citraNa, hareka kalamakAra ke lie sambhava pratIta nahIM hotaa| yaha to mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgara ke vaza kI hI bAta hai| racanAkAra ne kisI bhI sthala para prakRti sApekSa-satya ko anadekhA nahIM kiyA, parantu dekhanA vahA~ hI cAhA hai, jahA~ jarUrI lagA hai| ___ isI taraha khaNDa cAra meM mAtra do jagahoM para unheM prakRti kA citraNa Avazyaka lagA hai| prathama vahA~, jahA~ sandhyAvandana karane ke uparAnta kumbhakAra kakSa se bAhara AtA hai aura use dRzya dekhane milatA hai : "prabhAta-kAlIna sunaharI dhUpa dikhI/dharatI ke gAloM para Thahara na pA rahI hai jo|" (pR. 294) __ prakRti-citraNa kA, mahAkAvya meM yaha antima sthala hai, yahA~ guruvara vidyAsAgarajI bAr3ha se uphanatI nadI ke viSaya meM kalama calAte haiM : "varSA ke kAraNa nadI meM/nayA nIra AyA hai nadI vega-AvegaktI huI hai/saMvega-nirvega se dUra unmAda-vAlI pramadA-sI!" (pR. 440) nadI ko nArI ke rUpa meM dekhane ke bAda, usameM saMvega aura nirvega ko talAzanA aura na pAnA, muni vidyAsAgara jaise mahAkavi hI spaSTa kara sakate haiN| eka mAyane meM mahAkAvya ke hareka sthala para, jahA~ bhI citraNa hai prakRti kA, munivara ne vahA~ prakRti saundarya ke bodha ko sthApita karate hue bhI adhyAtma kA raMga phIkA nahIM hone diyA hai| unhoMne A~kha mUMda kara yA A~kha kholakara citraNa nahIM kie haiM, hara citraNa ke pArzva meM kalamakAra apanI anubhUti upasthita karane kA sundara prayAsa karatA hai, jabaki satya yaha bhI hai ki digambara santa ko aisI anubhUtiyoM se koI sarokAra nahIM rahA hai, na rhegaa| maiM unheM prakRti-citraNa meM siddhahasta mAnatA hU~ aura unake citraNa kI sarAhanA karatA huuN|
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________________ mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' : eka sArthaka sarjanAtmaka prayAsa zekha abdula vahAba kavitA ke yuga meM dharma, darzana aura adhyAtma kSetra ke sAtha-sAtha sAhitya ke kSetra meM bhI apratima yogadAna dene vAle AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kavi evaM dArzanika santa ke rUpa meM suvikhyAta haiM / pravacana granthoM ke atirikta Adhunika yugIna vividha samasyAoM kA samAdhAna prastuta karane hetu prabandha kRtiyoM kA praNayana bhI inhoMne kiyA hai| prastuta 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya isI mahoddezya se arthAt dharma, darzana, adhyAtma ko sahI arthoM meM samajhAne ke lie likhA gayA hai / 'mUkamATI' ko mahAkAvya kI saMjJA dI gaI hai ( 'prastavana, II) | parantu, prabandha kI pAramparika paribhASA hai: "jo bandha sahita ho arthAt jisa kAvya meM zrRMkhalAbaddha rUpa meM kisI vastu kA varNana ho use prabandhakAvya kahate haiM / ' AcArya vizvanAtha, daNDI Adi se lekara hindI ke AcArya zukla taka aneka vidvAnoM ne prabandha ke viSaya meM apane mata vyakta kie haiM / cU~ki Adhunika kAla meM paramparA kA vidroha huA aura ho rahA hai, ataH naI kavitA taka Ate-Ate prabandha kA svarUpa badala gayA hai| viSayavastu se lekara aprastutoM ke cayana taka sabameM parivartana AyA hai / 'mUkamATI' meM viSayavastu se lekara nAyaka arthAt pAtra parikalpanA taka paramparA kA vidroha hai / isameM saba nayApana hai / isalie prastuta 'mUkamATI' kAvya ko abhinava kAvya svIkAra karate haiN| Aja ke sandarbha meM pAramparika 'mahAkAvya' zabda bhI vaise ucita nahIM lagatA hai| 'mUkamATI' kAvya kI vastu aitihAsika athavA paurANika nahIM hai| jaina dharma, darzana aura adhyAtma viSaya ko vastu ke rUpa meM grahaNa kara liyA gayA hai| isameM miTTI ko kendrIya pAtra banAkara usake dvArA kAvyopalabdhi karAI gaI hai| kumbhakAra ke hAthoM meM eka kumbha kA rUpa dhAraNa kara mATI bhakta seTha ke parivAra se milakara unakA patha-pradarzana karatI hai / ajJAnAndhakAra meM DUbe svarNa kalaza, cammaca, sAgara, kesara, sphaTika jhArI, anAra rasa Adi ko dharma kA vAstavika artha samajhAtI hai| unheM jJAnodaya karAtI hai| AtaMkavAda se parivAra ko bacAkara anantavAda ke darzana karAtI hai| "lo, aba huA ""/ nAva kA pUrA DUbanA / AtaMkavAda kA anta / aura anantavAda kA zrIgaNeza !" (pR. 477-478) isa prakAra 'mUkamATI' kAvya kI vastu kAlpanika hai| isa kAlpanika vastu meM kavi ne yuga jIvana ko sampAda kiyA hai / kavi, manuSya kI taraha sAmAjika prANI hai| vaha samAja se preraNA grahaNa karatA hai| 'mUkamATI' bhI Aja ke yuga pariveza se prabhAvita hai / yuga-jIvana kI bAteM kRti meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM prasphuTita hotI haiM / pRthakvAda yA pRthakatAvAda para 'mUkamATI' meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai, jo Aja kI jvalanta samasyA hai : "mAnA ! / pRthak-vAda kA AvirmANa honA / mAna kA hI phaladAna hai / " (pR. 55) 'hI' va 'bhI' bIjAkSaroM ke dvArA bhAratIya saMskRti kI zreSThatA kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| yahA~ 'hI' tuccha yAnI kucha nahIM aura 'bhI' saba kucha hai, ke dyotaka haiM : 66 'hI' pazcimI sabhyatA hai / 'bhI' hai bhAratIya saMskRti, bhAgya-vidhAtA / rAvaNa thA 'hI' kA upAsaka / rAma ke bhItara 'bhI' baiThA thA / " (pR. 173) bhArata ke sainikoM kI deza-bhakti ko ujAgara karate hue kahate haiM :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 231 "raNabherI sunakara/raNAMgana meM kUdane vAle/svAbhimAnI svarAjya-premI ...kaI jalakaNoM ko, basa/sokhate jA rahe haiN|" (pR. 243) Ajakala kI rAjanIti ke sambandha meM kavi ne kahA hai ki yaha aparAdhiyoM ko bacAne ke lie kAma kara rahI hai| dekhie : "prAya: aparAdhI-jana baca jAte/niraparAdha hI piTa jAte,/aura unheM pITate-pITate TUTatI hama |/ise hama gaNatantra kaise kareM ? yaha to zuddha 'dhanatantra' hai/yA/manamAnA 'tantra' hai !" (pR. 271) 'mUkamATI' meM vastuzilpa ke antargata prakathanAtmakatA, varNanAtmakatA, nATakIyatA, bhAvatattva aura vaicArika tattva bhI pAe jAte haiN| prakathanAtmakatA ke binA prabandha kA astitva sambhava nahIM hai / bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya kAvyazAstra meM isa aMza para adhika bala diyA gayA hai| Adhunika prabandhoM meM yaha tattva kSINa par3a gayA hai| phira bhI 'mUkamATI' meM isakA upayoga huA hai : "dharatI meM gar3I lakar3I kI kIla para/hAtha meM do hAtha kI lambI lakar3I le apane cakra ko ghumAtA hai shilpii|/phir/ghuumte cakra para/lauMdA rakhatA hai mATI kA lauMdA bhI ghUmane lagatA hai|" (pR. 160) varNanAtmakatA kathAnaka ko puSTa banAtA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM varNana ke mahattva ko svIkArA gayA hai| prakRti kA varNana dekhie: "sImAtIta zUnya meM/nIlimA bichAI, aura "idhara "nIce/nirI nIravatA chaaii|" (pR. 1) prabandha kAvyoM meM nATakIya tattva avazya pAe jAte haiN| pAtroM kI vaiyaktikatA para prakAza DAlane ke lie Aja isa tattva kA upayoga ho rahA hai / saMvAda, svagata bhASaNa isake antargata Ate haiN| kumbha aura jhArI ke bIca saMvAda dekhie : "agni-parIkSA ke bAda bhI/saba koyaloM meM babUla ke koyale kAle bhI to hote haiM/vaha kyoM ? batA do! lo, uttara detI hai jhArI :/are matimanda, madAndha, suna !" (pR. 374) Aja ke prabandhoM meM bhAvAtmakatA kama dekhane ko milatI hai / vaicArika pravRtti z2yAdA ho gaI hai| 'mUkamATI' meM bhI bhAvAtmakatA kama hai / samUce kAvya meM vicAra tattva bharapUra hai / phira bhI, bhAvAtmakatA nimnAMkita uddharaNa meM dekha sakate haiM: "mATI ke pAvana caraNoM meM...!/phira/phUTa-phUTa kara rotI hai/usakI A~kheM saMvedanA se bhara AtI haiM/aura/vedanA se ghira AtI haiN|" (pR. 80-81) vicAra tattva dekhie :
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________________ 232 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne kAvya-racanA ke daurAna apanI medhA meM upajI aneka mahAn uktiyoM kA niyojana bhI 'mUkamATI' meM kiyA hai : m " kumbha ne kahA vismaya ke svara meM - / kyA agni parIkSA ke bAda bhI koI parIkSA - parakha zeSa hai, abhI ? / karo, karo parIkSA !/ para ko parakha rahe ho apane ko to parakho jarA !/ parIkSA lo apanI aba !" (pR. 303) O O O "kA~Te se hI kA~TA nikAlA jAtA hai / " (pR. 256 ) "AcaraNa ke sAmane Ate hI/prAya: caraNa thama jAte haiM / aura AvaraNa ke sAmane Ate hI / prAya: nayana nama jAte haiM / " (pR. 462) " dhana kA mitavyaya karo, ativyaya nahIM / " (pR. 414) "mATI, pAnI aura havA / sau rogoM kI eka davA / " (pR. 399 ) " sakala-kalAoM kA prayojana banA hai / kevala artha kA Akalana-saMkalana / " (pR.396) 'mUkamATI' kI pAtra parikalpanA Adhunika hai| nimnavargIya pAtroM ko lekara unake mAdhyama se dharma, darzana aura adhyAtma kI jijJAsAoM ke samAdhAna prastuta kie haiN| 'mUkamATI' meM mATI, kumbhakAra do pAtra nimna varga ke haiN| ye pAtra apane karmoM ke dvArA uttama varga meM praveza karate haiN| yaha Adhunika kAla kI vizeSatA hai ki uttamavargIya pAtra bhI apane dIna karma ke kAraNa nimna varga meM aura nimnavargIya pAtra apane zreSTha karma ke kAraNa uttama varga meM A jAte haiN| udAharaNa ke lie mATI svarNa kalaza kI nindA karate hue kahatI hai| : 4 "tuma svarNa ho / ubalate ho jhaTa se / mATI svarNa nahIM hai / para svarNa ko ugalatI avazya, / tuma mATI ke ugAla ho !" (pR. 364-365) abhivyaMjanA zilpa ke antargata 'mUkamATI' meM pratIka vidhAna, bimba-yojanA, alaMkAra - vidhAna, bhASika evaM chanda-vidhAna kA prayoga huA hai| dharma, darzana ko isa atyAdhunika mahAkAvya meM uparyukta aMgoM ko apane DhaMga se apanAyA gayA hai / paurANika pratIkoM ke sAtha-sAtha sAmAjika vibhinna pratIkoM kA prayoga huA hai / svarNako pU~jIvAda kA pratIka batAte hue aura mUka mATI - dharatI ko sarvahArA zoSita varga ke pratIka ke rUpa * prastuta kiyA gayA hai| meM : " paratantra jIvana kI AdhAra - zilA ho tuma, / pU~jIvAda ke abhedya durgama kilA ho tuma / aura / azAnti ke antahIna silasilA !" (pR. 366) 'kAntihIna bAdala' nirAzA ke pratIka haiM / 'mazAla' ko apavyayI asaMyamI kA pratIka batAte hue dIpaka ko mitavyayI, saMyamazIla batAte haiM : " mazAla apavyayI bhI hai, / bAra-bAra tela DAlanA par3atA hai /.. Adarza gRhastha- sama mitavyayI hai dIpaka | / kitanA niyamita, kitanA nirIha !" (pR. 368-369) kAvya meM bimboM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / bimbAtmaka zailI ke kAraNa 'mUkamATI' kA abhivyaMjanA pakSa
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 233 sazakta bana par3A hai| upalabdha bimboM kI carcA nimnAMkita hai : 1. sthitizIla (sthira bimba ) : ye bimba mAtra citrabodha karAte haiM / muktArAzi ko chUte hI rAja- maNDalI kI sthiti sthira bimba ubhAratI hai : "yaha saba dekha kara / bhayabhIta huA rAjA kA mana bhI, usa kA mukha khulA nahIM/ mukha para tAlA par3a gayA ho khiiN|" (pR. 213) 2. gatizIla bimba : ye kriyA - vyApAra se sambandhita hote haiM / yaha kAvya meM gatizIlatA evaM kriyAzIlatA ko parilakSita karate haiN| hAthiyoM kA jhuNDa parivAra ko bacAne ke lie udyata hote hI una hAthiyoM kA garjana gatizIla bimba ko ubhAratA hai : "gajagaNa kI garjanA se / gaganAMgana gU~ja uThA, / dharatI kI dhRti hila uThI, parvata-zreNI parisara ko bhI / parizrama kA anubhava huA, / ni:saMga ur3anevAle paMchI digbhramita bhayAtura ho,/ dUsaroM ke ghoMsaloM meM jA ghuse|" (pR. 429) 3. bhAva bimba : isameM jIvana kI sUkSma bhAvanAoM ko bimboM ke mAdhyama se vyakta kiyA jAtA hai / kAvya ke prathama adhyAya meM saritA taTa kA prAkRtika dRzya bhAva bimba ko ubhAratA hai : " aura dekho nA ! / tRNa- binduoM ke miSa / ullAsavatI saritA- sI dharatI ke komala kendra meM / karuNA kI umar3ana hai, aura usake / aMga-aMga / eka apUrva pulakana le / DUba rahe haiM svAbhAvika nartana meM!" (pR. 20) 4. ghrANa bimba : inakA prayoga apekSAkRta kama milatA hai| avA meM dhUma lagA huA hai| isa dhUma meM kumbha kA dama ghuTa rahA hai / yaha ghrANa bimba ke mAdhyama se prastuta hai : " bAhara se bhItara ghusane vAlA dhUma / prANoM ko bAhara nikalane nahIM detA, nAka kI nAr3I nahIM - sI rahI kumbha kI / dhUmra kI teja gandha se / " (pR. 279 ) 5. varNa bimba : varNa saMvedyatA kA bimba 'mUkamATI' meM ubhara AyA hai| seTha pItAmbara dhAraNa kie hue hai| yaha varNa m dekhie : " manda - manda bahate pavana ke prabhAva se / pItAmbara laharadAra ho rahA hai, jina laharoM meM / kumbha kI nIlama - chavi tairatI-sI / so pItAmbara kI pIlimA acchI-lagatI nIlimA ko / pIne hetu utAvalI karatI hai|" (pR. 340) alaMkAra kAvya kI zobhA bar3hAte haiM / yaha paramparA prAcIna hai / Aja aprastuta ke nae prayoga milate haiM / 'mUkamATI' meM pAramparika alaMkAroM ke sAtha pAzcAtya alaMkAra bhI Ae hue haiN| nIce kucha udAharaNa prastuta haiM : 1. anuprAsa alaMkAra : "sadA sarakatI saritAoM kI / saravara sarasija suSamA kI / " (pR. 223 )
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________________ 234 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 2. upamA alaMkAra : "AlasI nahIM, nirAlasI lasI / " (pR. 278 ) - ( antyAnuprAsa) mUrta prastuta ke lie mUrta aprastuta : 3.1 utprekSA : "nIraja kI banda pA~khuriyoM-sI/zilpI kI palakoM ko sahalAtA hai / " (pR. 265) mUrta prastuta ke lie mUrta aprastuta : "lakSmaNa kI bhA~ti ubala uThA / AtaMka phira se !" (pR. 467) " Aja kA yaha dRzya / aisA pratIta ho rahA hai, ki / graha-nakSatra - tArAoM sameta ravi aura zazi / meru parvata kI pradakSiNA de rahe haiM / " (pR. 323) 3.2 hetUtprekSA : yaha pracura mAtrA meM prayukta hai : "yadyapi inakA nAma payodhara bhI hai, / tathApi / viSa hI varSAte haiM varSARtu meM ye anyathA, / bhramara-sama kAle kyoM haiM ?" (pR. 230) 4. rUpaka alaMkAra : prastuta - aprastuta kI abhedatA kucha naI hai : "AkAza ke svaccha sAgara meM / svacchanda tairane vAle / " (pR. 465) 5. arthAntaranyAsa : isakA sahaja evaM adbhuta prayoga dekhie : "yaha kaTu satya hai ki / artha kI A~kheM / paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatIM, artha kI lipsA ne bar3oM-bar3oM ko / nirlajja banAyA hai|" (pR. 192) 6. mAnavIkaraNa : pAzcAtya alaMkAroM meM mAnavIkaraNa kA prayoga samUce kAvya meM chAyA huA hai| mATI, jhArI, bAdala, rassI, sAgara Adi pAtroM kA citraNa mAnavIkaraNa ke mAdhyama se huA hai| udAharaNa dekhie : " bAla - bhAnu kI bhAsvara AbhA / nirantara uThatI caMcala laharoM meM ulajhatI huI-sI lagatI hai/ki / gulAbI sAr3I pahane / madavatI abalA - sI snAna karatI - karatI / lajjAvaza sakucA rahI hai|" (pR. 479) 7. dhvanyArtha : vyaMjanA meM dhvaniyoM ke dvArA artha kI vyaMjanA hotI hai : "khadabada khadabada/khicar3I kA pakanA vaha / avikala calatA hI rhaa|" (pR. 362) isa prakAra 'mUkamATI' meM sabhI prakAra ke alaMkAroM kA sundara prayoga huA hai / * bhASA abhivyakti kA apratima sAdhana hai| yaha viSaya ko saMvedya banAtI hai| 'mUkamATI' meM bhI sazakta bhASika vidhAna ko apanAyA gayA hai| isameM tatsama zabdoM kI bahulatA hai| phira bhI, tadbhava evaM videzI zabdoM kA prayoga bhI milatA hai / viziSTa zAbdika abhivyaMjanA isa kAvya kI vizeSatA hai / kucha udAharaNa nimnAMkita haiM : 1. tatsama : candra, rAtri, mArdava, Amraka, lajjA, asmitA, dugdha, Urdhva Adi / 2. tadbhava : dhUma, rAta, sUraja, lAja, A~kha, hAtha Adi / 3. videzI : (arabI, phArasI va a~grejI) - tAjA, g2ama, duA, bezaqa, mAhaula, javAba, zurUAta, asaradAra,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 235 jIta, AvAz2a, sTAra-vAra, niba (NIB) Adi / bhASA kI viziSTa zAbdika vyaMjanA 'mUkamATI' meM milatI hai / nArI, duhitA, abalA, sAhitya, kRpANa, niyati Adi zabdoM kI viziSTa paribhASAe~ prastuta kI gaI haiN| udAharaNa ke lie 'niyati' zabda dekhie : " 'ni' yAnI nija meM hI/'yati' yAnI yatana-sthiratA hai apane meM lIna honA hI niyati hai|" (pR. 349) muhAvare kAvya kI sampreSaNIyatA ko aura adhika sazakta banAte haiN| 'mUkamATI' meM muhAvaroM kA acchA prayoga huA hai : 'kar3avI yUMTa pInA' (pR. 51), 'nava-do-gyAraha honA' (pR. 397), 'Ter3hI khIra' (pR. 224), 'A~kheM laganA' (pR. 360), 'Aga-babUlA honA' (pR. 364), 'hoTha cabAnA' (pR. 427), 'tilamilAnA' (pR. 379) / 'mUkamATI' meM mukta chandoM kA prayoga hI huA hai / dohA (pR. 50-51 evaM 325), vasaMtatilakA (pR. 185) ke eka-do prasaMgoM ke atirikta pAramparika chandoM kA prayoga vidyAsAgarajI ne nahIM kiyA hai / chanda ke sambandha meM ve svayaM kAvya meM eka sthAna para kahate haiM : "dAha kI svacchandatA chinna-bhinna huI/isa saphala prayoga se / kavi ke svaccha-bhAvoM kI svacchandatA-jyoM/taraha-taraha ke chandoM ko dekhakara apane meM hI simaTa-simaTa kara/miTa jAtI hai, Apa!" (pR. 408) tathApi kucha sthAnoM para unhoMne samamAtrika, ardhasama mAtrika evaM viSama mAtrika chandoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| nimnAMkita chanda meM 16-16 mAtrAe~ pratyeka caraNa meM dekha sakate haiM : "vahI chala-chala vahI uchAla hai/krUra kAla kA vahI bhAla hai vahI nazA hai vahI dazA hai/kaoNpa rahI aba dizA-dizA hai|" (pR. 456) upasaMhAra ke rUpa meM hama yahI kaha sakate haiM ki adhikAMza prabandha kAvyoM kI kathAvastu aitihAsika yA paurANika hai| parantu, 'mUkamATI' isa dRSTi se paramparA kA pAlana nahIM karatI hai| isameM dharma, darzana aura adhyAtma viSaya ko vastu ke rUpa meM grahaNa kara use mahAkAvya kA rUpa diyA gayA hai| para prabandha sambandhI prAcIna mAnyatAoM kA nirAkaraNa isameM dekha sakate haiN| pratyeka khaNDa ke lie nAma die gae haiN| kAvya kA Arambha maMgalAcaraNa se nahIM huA hai| vibhinna chandoM kA prayoga nahIM huA hai / kAvya kA nAyaka mahApuruSa yA rAjA yA uttama kSatriya nahIM, balki nimnavargIya mATI hai / saba aMzoM meM yaha kAvya eka abhinava mahAkRti hai| kAvya-racanA ke pIche jina samasAmayika samasyAoM ko sulajhAne kA uddezya rahatA hai, vaha 'mUkamATI' meM hai| isameM mAnava kI vibhinna samasyAe~-yuddha, rAjanIti, kalA kA vAstavika prayojana, ina sabase bar3ha kara mAnava ko sacce AdhyAtmika dharAtala para pahu~cAnA-isa kAvya kA uddezya rahA hai| jaina dharma, darzana kI mImAMsA bhI isameM kI gaI hai| zramaNa ke lakSaNa prastuta kie gae haiN| sakala paramAtmA ko bhagavAn ke rUpa meM svIkAranA jaina darzana kA mUla hai| kumbha meM santa zramaNa ke darzana honA isakA paricAyaka hai : "kumbha ke vimala-darpaNa meM/santa kA avatAra huA hai" (pR. 354) / yaha darzana, yaha dhArmika tattva sahaja hI kAvya ke prasaMga aura pariveza se udghATita hue haiM / anta meM kaha sakate haiM ki 'mUkamATI' eka sArthaka sRjanAtmaka prayAsa hai|
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________________ AdhyAtmika cetanA kA UrvIkaraNa : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. ravIndra kumAra jaina 'mUkamATI' prAcIna bhAratIya, pAzcAtya evaM Adhunika mahAkAvya ke nirdhArita lakSaNoM ke sA~ce meM na samA sakane vAlA eka sarvathA abhinava prayoga hai / yaha apanI mUla aura antima cetanA meM eka adhyAtmapradhAna kAvya hai / isake vistAra, gAmbhIrya, vaividhya, dUrAnvaya evaM vaicitrya ko dekhakara yaha kahanA paryApta kaThina ho jAtA hai ki ise mahAkAvya, khaNDakAvya, campUkAvya yA phira kisI anya saMjJA se abhihita kiyA jaae| mujhe lagatA hai ki yaha kAvya apane Apa meM eka 'klAsika' hai aura kisI pracalita nAma kA muhatAja nahIM hai| ___ 'mUkamATI' avikasita AtmA ke anathaka saMgharSa dvArA vizuddha hokara paramAtmatva kI cira prAcIna aura cira navIna gAthA hai / yaha kAvya cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai / prathama khaNDa siddhAnta sthApanA arthAt vizvAsa mUlaka samyagdarzana kA hai / yaha dUsare khaNDa ke lagabhaga pUrvArdha taka calatA hai / dvitIya khaNDa kA uttarArdha evaM tRtIta khaNDa samyagjJAna arthAt bodhakoTi kI sthApanA aura vistAra kA hai / caturtha khaNDa samyak cAritra arthAt tapasyA, saMgharSa evaM sampUrNa sAdhanA kA hai| yahI mokSa mArga hai / mUkamATI (AtmA) eka sAMgarUpaka ke rUpa meM prastuta hai / AtmA ke uddhAra meM kumbhakAra (guru) ko eka mahattvapUrNa nimitta kAraNa mAnA gayA hai / vastuta: use svayaM hI saba kucha karanA hai| yaha kAvya vastu ke AdhAra para ukhar3A-ukhar3A-sA lagatA hai, loka cetanA kI sajIva anviti kA vyApaka saMsparza bhI nahIM krtaa| kA~TA.gadahA aura macchara jaise pAtroM aura prasaMgoM se pAThaka kA tAdAtmya bhI sambhava nahIM ho pAtA. apitu eka Uba evaM becainI uThatI hai / isI prakAra aneka zabdoM ke avizvasanIya, aprAmANika evaM camatkArI aura aTakala bhare tor3a-maror3a se bhI kAvya prAya: citra-kAvya kI koTi meM calA jAtA hai| kavi ke aneka prasaMga sahajatA kI upaja na hokara eka UhA kI santAna pratIta hote haiN| nirmApaka samIkSaka (Constructive Critic) ko bhI aneka ukhar3e aura asambaddha prasaMgoM ko prAya: z2abaradastI tAratamya ke sAtha jor3akara arthAnviti yA bhAvAnviti baiThAnI par3atI hai / isa sAre kathana ke lie udAharaNa cunane kI, chA~Tane kI AvazyakatA nahIM par3atI; kyoMki ye anAyAsa sarvatra prApta hote haiN| itanI spaSTa evaM khaTakane vAlI parisImAoM ke bAvajUda isa kAvya meM rasa, loka-cetanA kA unnayana, kisI jAti kA, vyakti kA lokottara yazovaibhava athavA saMgharSa jaisA kucha hai kyA ? uttara meM maiM itanA hI kahU~gA ki jahA~ saMsAra ke samasta saMgharSa samApta ho jAte haiM, vahA~ yaha kAvya ugatA haivikasita hotA hai aura phalita hotA hai / isakI phalazruti yahI hai ki yaha kAvya mAnava kI AdhyAtmika cetanA ke UrvIkaraNa meM vicaraNa karatA hai / isa virAT cetanA-lakSya ke kAraNa isa kAvya kI aneka nagaNya sImAe~ paryApta halakI evaM mUlyahIna lagatI haiN| eka AdhyAtmika santa se sAMsArika utAra-car3hAva ke sarkasa kI AzA karanA bhI ucita nahIM hai| mAnava-svabhAva abhyasta yA phira tadanurUpa ke kriyAkalApoM evaM bhAva-bhaMgimAoM kA AdI hotA hai aura usI meM usakA manoraMjana bhI hotA hai / ata: yaha kAvya pahalI pakar3a meM eka jhaTake kA (shock treatment) kA kAma karatA hai, para dhIre-dhIre dhairya hone para, apanA purajora asara karatA hai| merA nivedana hai ki taTa para motI nahIM mileMge, gahare pAnI paiThanA hogaa|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' kI mukharatA DaoN. (zrImatI) AzAlatA malaiyA 'mUkamATI' eka aise zabda zilpI kI lekhanI se mukharita huI hai, jisakA kAvya, tapasyAmaya hai tathA tapasyA, kAvyamaya / prazna uThatA hai-tapasyA aura kAvya meM kyA sambandha hai ? jaba tapasyA hI kAvya bana jAtI hai aura kAvya hI tapasyA, taba tapasyA bhI kAvyAtmaka ho uThatI hai aura kAvya bhI tpsyaatmk| isa tapasyAtmaka-kAvya' athavA 'kAvyAtmakatapasyA' se jo kucha prasphuTita hotA hai, vaha adbhuta rUpa se ramaNIyamaya bhI hotA hai aura tejasvI bhii| ___'mUkamATI' ke racayitA AcArya vidyAsAgara ke rUpa meM hameM eka aise kavi ke darzana hote haiM jisakA sampUrNa jIvana hI kAvyamaya ho gayA hai| eka aisA yogI, jisake lie kAvya bhI yoga kI sAdhanA kA eka aMga bana jAtA hai / eka aisA dArzanika, jo tarka kI rUkSatA meM vicaraNa karate hue bhI sarasatA kI pratimUrti hai / eka aisA santa, jisakA apanA kucha bhI nahIM, lekina vaha sabhI kA hai| ___ "AtmakrIDa AtmaratiH kriyAvAneSa brahmavidAM variSTha:"- upaniSadoM kI yaha ukti AcAryazrI para pUrNata: caritArtha hotI hai / AtmakrIr3a yogI kI Atmarati se niSpanna kavitA' mAnavIya cetanA ko brahmAnanda ke akSaya AyAmoM se paricita karAne meM nitAnta samartha hotI hai, kyoMki usa brahmAnanda kA darzana ina carma-cakSuoM se to sambhava hai nahIM : "na saMdRze tiSThati rUpamasya na, cakSuSA pazyati kazcanainam / hRdA hRdisthaM manasA ya evameva vidUramamRtAste bhavanti // " jo yogI, usa rUparahita saundarya ke carama adhiSThAna parama tattva ko jAna letA hai, vaha svayaM 'amRtamaya ho jAtA hai aura usa amRtasvarUpa brahmavettA ke mukhAravinda se jo 'kAvyadhArA' pravAhita hotI hai, vaha bhI 'amRtA' ho jAtI hai| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya tapasvI kavi AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI zAnta rasa se anuprANita adbhuta kRti hai / jaba tapaHpUta lekhanI se kAvya prasUta hotA hai to vaha sAdhanA kI ArAdhanA kA paripAka hotA hai / vAstavika 'kAvyasAdhanA' to usa kavi kI hI ho sakatI hai, jisakA tana, mana evaM vacana-saba kucha antaH evaM bAhya tapa se paripUta ho uThA ho| 'mUkamATI' 488 pRSThoM meM nibaddha eka aisA mahAkAvya hai jisakA pratyeka zabda a-zabda kI sthiti kA anubhava karAne vAlA hai / zabda se a-zabda kA bodha hI satkAvya kA lakSaNa hai aura 'mUkamATI' apane isa lakSya meM pUrNata: saphala hai| cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita isa mahAkAvya kI nAyikA 'mATI' hai / isameM AcAryazrI ne nArI ke kAminI' athavA 'ramaNI' rUpa kA citraNa nahIM kiyA hai apitu mATI ko 'jananI' aura 'dharaNI' ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| isameM nArI ke upAsanAmaya vyaktitva kI pratiSThA huI hai| yaha nAyikA pradhAna mahAkAvya hai| isakA nAyaka kauna hai- zilpI, seTha athavA nirgrantha muni ? yaha spaSTa nahIM ho pAtA / dharA ke mAtRtva rUpa kI pratiSThA tathA mUkamATI kA sAdhanA kI agni meM tapakara kumbha meM parivartita ho jAnA, eka adbhuta kathya ko janma detA hai jisameM nAyikA zanaiH-zanaiH nAyaka kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai| zAnta rasa ke mahAsAgara meM avagAhana karAne vAlA yaha mahAkAvya kaI dRSTiyoM se viziSTa hai- (1) zRMgAra athavA vIra rasa isakA aMgIrasa nahIM hai, jabaki mahAkAvya prAyaH zRMgAra athavA vIra rasa pradhAna hote haiM / (2) nArI ke
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________________ 238 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA saundarya varNana meM nArI ke nakha-zikha varNana kA abhAva hai tathA dharA ke Antarika saundarya kA adbhuta varNana hai / yaha bhI mahAkAvyoM kI paramparA se kucha pRthak hai / (3) yaha mahAkAvya nAyikA pradhAna hai jabaki prAyaH mahAkAvya nAyaka pradhAna hote haiM / (4) isa mahAkAvya kI nAyikA rAjaputrI yA mahArAnI nahIM hai varan jana-sAdhAraNa kI pratIka mUkamATI hai / ata: yaha mahAkAvya dalita, zoSita evaM mUka varga kI vedanA ko mukharita karane vAlA pratinidhi kAvya hai / mUkamATI ke rUpa meM jana-sAdhAraNa kI vedanA mukharita huI hai-isase yaha kAvya mahanIya ho uThA hai| saduktiyoM kA to mahAsAgara hai yaha mahAkAvya / kavi ne mukta chanda meM arthAntaranyAsa aura dRSTAnta alaMkAra kA bahulatA se prayoga kiyA hai / uktiyoM kI gambhIratA "bhAraverarthagauravam" kA smaraNa dilAtI hai| pratyeka khaNDa kI kucha kamanIya uktiyA~ yahA~ prastuta haiM : isa kAvya ke prathama khaNDa - 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' meM mATI kI vizuddha rUpa meM pariNati varNita hai / isa khaNDa meM ati aura iti ke bheda ko kamanIyatA se prastuta kiyA gayA hai : "ati ke binA/iti se sAkSAtkAra sambhava nahIM/aura/iti ke binA atha kA darzana asambhava!/artha yaha huA ki/pIr3A kI ati hI pIr3A kI iti hai/aura/pIr3A kI iti hI/sukha kA atha hai|" (pR. 33) bhAvoM kI nikaTatA hI prANiyoM meM naikaTya sthApita karatI hai| kSetrIya athavA tana kI dUrI rahane para bhI bhAvoM kA athavA mana kA sAmIpya prANiyoM meM nikaTatA sthApita karatA hai / gadhe kI pIra ko mATI ke dvArA anubhava karavAte hue kavi kahatA hai: "gadahe kI pITha para/khuradarI borI kI ragar3a se/pITha chila rahI hai usakI aura/mATI ke bhItara jA/aura bhItara utaratI-sI/pIra mila rahI hai| ...kevala kSetrIya hI nahIM/bhAvoM kI nikaTatA bhI/atyanta anivArya hai isa pratIti ke lie|/yhaaN para/aceta nahIM/cetanA kI saceta-/rIta mila rahI hai ! bhAvoM kI nikaTatA/tana kI dUrI ko/pUrI mittaatii-sii|" (pR. 34-35) dayA kI mahattA para prakAza DAlate hue tapasvI kavi ne vAsanA aura dayA ke bheda ko atyanta ramaNIyatA se spaSTa kiyA hai : "dayA kA honA hI/jIva-vijJAna kA/samyak paricaya hai|" (pR. 37) 0 "vAsanA kA vilAsa.../...moha hai,/dayA kA vikAsa.../mokSa hai eka jIvana ko burI taraha/jalAtI hai" bhayaMkara hai, aMgAra hai ! eka jIvana ko pUrI taraha/jilAtI hai"/zubhaMkara hai, zRMgAra hai| hA~ ! hA~ !!/adhUrI dayA-karuNA/moha kA aMza nahIM hai/apitu AMzika moha kA dhvaMsa hai|" (pR. 38-39) 0 "vAsanA kI jIvana-paridhi/acetana hai"tana hai/dayA-karuNA niravadhi hai karuNA kA kendra vaha/saMvedana dharmA'cetana hai/pIyUSa kA ketana hai|" (pR. 39) santa kavi ne svabhAva aura vibhAva ke pArthakya ko dRSTAnta alaMkAra ke mAdhyama se atyanta manohArI DhaMga se samajhAyA hai:
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 239 "jala jIvana detA hai/hima jIvana letA hai,/svabhAva aura vibhAva meM yahI antara hai,/bhale hI/hima kI bAharI tvacA/zItazIlA ho parantu, bhItara se/hima meM zItalatA nahIM rahI aba! usameM jvalanazIlatA/udita huI hai avazya / " (pR. 54) rassI aura rasanA ke vArtAlApa ke mAdhyama se kavi ne granthi aura nirgrantha dazA kA atyanta sarala zabdoM meM sAkSAtkAra karAyA hai: "hamArI upAsya-devatA/ahiMsA hai/aura/jahA~ gA~Tha-granthi hai/vahA~ nizcita hI hiMsA chalatI hai|/arth yaha huA ki/granthi hiMsA kI sampAdikA hai aura nirgrantha-dazA meM hI/ahiMsA palatI hai,/pala-pala panapatI, "bala pAtI hai|" (pR. 64) yugabodha bAhya ghaTanA nahIM hai apitu Antarika saMghaTanA hai| isakA citraNa kavi ne ati hI sundaratA se kiyA hai : "sat-yuga ho yA kaliyuga/bAharI nahIM/bhItarI ghaTanA hai vaha sat kI khoja meM lagI dRSTi hI/sat-yuga hai, beTA ! aura/asat-viSayoM meM DUbI/A-pAda-kaNTha sat ko asat mAnanevAlI dRSTi/svayaM kaliyuga hai, beTA !" (pR. 83) 0 "eka kA jIvana/mRtaka-sA lagatA hai/kAntimukta zava hai, eka kA jIvana/amRta-sA lagatA hai/kAnti-yukta ziva hai| zava meM Aga lagAnA hogA,/aura/ziva meM rAga jagAnA hogaa|" (pR. 84) isa mahAkavya ke dvitIya khaNDa-'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' meM kavi ne svabhAva kA varNana karate hue kitanI saralatA se puruSa aura prakRti ke sAmaMjasya ko udghATita kiyA hai : "svabhAva se hI/prema hai hamArA/aura/svabhAva meM ho/kSema hai hmaaraa| puruSa prakRti se/yadi dUra hogA/nizcita hI vaha/vikRti kA pUra hogA puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI/mokSa hai, sAra hai|/aur/anytr ramanA hI bhramanA hai/moha hai, saMsAra hai/...mana ke gulAma mAnava kI/jo kAmavRtti hai tAmasatA kAya-ratA hai/vahI sahI mAyane meM/bhItarI kAyaratA hai !"(pR.93-94) tana aura mana ke bala kI vibhedaka rekhA ko bhI kitanI mohakatA ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai : "tana kA bala vaha/kaNa-sA rahatA hai/aura/mana kA bala vaha/mana-sA rahatA hai yaha eka akATya niyama hai|/...mn vaira-bhAva kA nidhAna hotA hI hai| mana kI chA~va meM hI/mAna panapatA hai/mana kA mAthA namatA nahIM na-'mana' ho, taba kahIM/namana ho 'samaNa' ko isalie mana yahI kahatA hai sadA-/nama na ! nama na !! nama na !!!" (pR.96-97)
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________________ 240 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pratizodha kA bhAva kisa prakAra janma-janmAntara ko dUSita kara detA hai, isako spaSTa karate hue kavi kahatA hai : "badale kA bhAva vaha anala hai / jo / jalAtA hai tana ko bhI, cetana ko bhI bhava-bhava taka ! / badale kA bhAva vaha rAhu hai / jisake sudIrgha vikarAla gAla meM / choTA-sA kavala bana cetanarUpa bhAsvata bhAnu bho / apane astitva ko kho detA hai / " (pR. 98) 'bodha aura zodha', jo ki dvitIya khaNDa kA mukhya kathya hai, kavi ke zabdoM meM : " bodha ke siMcana binA / zabdoM ke paudhe ye kabhI lahalahAte nahIM, yaha bhI satya hai ki/zabdoM ke paudhoM para / sugandha makaranda-bhare bodha ke phUla kabhI mahakate nahIM, /... bodha kA phUla jaba DhalatA - badalatA, jisameM / vaha pakva phala hI to / zodha kahalAtA hai / bodha meM AkulatA palatI hai / zodha meM nirAkulatA phalatI hai, phUla se nahIM, phala se / tRpti kA anubhava hotA hai, / phUla kA rakSaNa ho aura/ phala kA bhakSaNa ho; / hA~ ! hA~ !! / phUla meM bhale hI gandha ho para, rasa kahA~ usameM !/ phala to rasa se bharA hotA hI hai, sAtha-sAtha / surabhi se surabhita bhI!" (pR. 106 - 107) mantra kI zakti, mana kI zakti kA hI pariNAma hai / ataH mantra kA zubhatva athavA azubhatva mana kI sthiti para hI nirbhara hai : " mantra na hI acchA hotA hai / nA hI burA / acchA, burA to apanA mana hotA hai / sthira mana hI vaha / mahAmantra hotA hai / aura asthira mana hI / pApatantra svacchanda hotA hai, / eka sukha kA sopAna hai eka duHkha kA sopAna hai|" (pR. 108 - 109) AzA aura AsthA ke bheda ko bhI AcAryazrI ne kisa saralatA se spaSTa kiyA hai : "A~khoM kI pakar3a meM AzA A sakatI hai / parantu AsthA kA darzana AsthA se hI sambhava hai / na A~khoM se, na AzA se / " (pR. 121 ) vikRta aura avikRta jJAna ke antara kA vizleSaNa kitanI sUkSmatA se kiyA hai : " jJAna kA padArtha kI ora / Dhulaka jAnA hI / parama Arta pIr3A hai, / aura jJAna meM padArthoM kA / jhalaka AnA hI - / paramArtha krIr3A hai / " (pR. 124) mukti kA pathika, jo rUpa kI pyAsa se pare hai, zrRMgAra kI upAsanA kaise kara sakatA hai : O " jise rUpa kI pyAsa nahIM hai, / arUpa kI Asa lagI ho use kyA prayojana jar3a zRMgAroM se !" (pR. 139)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 241 0 "sahI alaMkAra, sahI zRMgAra-/bhItara jhA~ko, A~ko use he zRMgAra!"(pR. 141) svara aura saMgIta ke viSaya meM bhI kitanA ! marmasparzI !! cintana prastuta kiyA hai : __ "svara saMgIta kA prANa hai/saMgIta sukha kI rIr3ha hai/aura sukha pAnA hI saba kA dhyeya/isa viSaya meM sandeha ko geha kahA~ ? niHsandeha kaha sakate haiM-/videha bananA ho to svara kI deha ko svIkAratA denI hogI/de dehin ! he zilpin !" (pR. 143) 0 "saMgIta use mAnatA hai /jo saMgAtIta hotA hai/aura/prIti use mAnatA hU~ . jo aMgAtIta hotI hai/merA saMgI saMgIta hai/sapta-svaroM se atIta :!"(pR.144-145) prakRti mA~ kA sandeza-"jIvana ko mata raNa banAo" yaha kahate-kahate kavi gA uThatA hai : "sadaya bano!/adaya para dayA karo/abhaya bano ! sabhaya para kiyA karo abhaya kI/amRta-maya vRSTi sadA-sadA sadAzaya dRSTi/re jiyA, samaSTi jiyA karo! jIvana ko mata raNa banAo/prakRti mA~ kA RNa cukAo !" (pR. 149) isake sAtha hI yaha sandeza ki anya prANiyoM kA bhI ucita mUlyAMkana honA nitAnta Avazyaka hai, anyathA jIvana-dRSTi apUrNa raha jAegI : "apanA hI na aMkana ho/para kA bhI mUlyAMkana ho,/para, isa bAta para bhI dhyAna rahe para kI kabhI na vAMchana ho/para para kabhI na lAMchana ho ! jIvana ko mata raNa banAo/prakRti mA~ kA na mana dukhAo !" (pR. 149) sat ke astitva ko kitane !! sarala zabdoM meM samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai : "hone kA miTanA sambhava nahIM hai, beTA !/honA hI saMgharSa-samara kA mIta hai honA hI harSa kA amara gIta hai|" (pR. 150) karuNa aura zAnta rasa ke pArthakya ko kitanI hRdayAvarjaka zailI meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai : 0 "karuNA tarala hai, bahatI hai/para se prabhAvita hotI jhtt-sii| zAnta-rasa kisI bahAva meM/bahatA nahIM kabhI/jamAnA palaTane para bhI jamA rahatA hai apane sthAna para / " (pR. 156) ___ "karuNA-rasa use mAnA hai, jo/kaThinatama pASANa ko bhI/moma banA detA hai, vAtsalya kA bAnA hai/jaghanatama nAdAna ko bhI/soma banA detA hai| kintu, yaha laukika/camatkAra kI bAta huI,/zAnta-rasa kA kyA kaheM, saMyama-rata dhImAna ko hI/'om' banA detA hai / jahA~ taka zAnta rasa kI bAta hai
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________________ 242 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA vaha AtmasAt karane kI hI hai/kama zabdoM meM/niSedha-mukha se kahU~ saba rasoM kA anta honA hI-/zAnta-rasa hai |/yuuN gunagunAtA rahatA santoM kA bhI antaHprAnta vaha |/"dhny !" (pR. 159-160) paridhi aura kendra kA dRSTAnta dete hue antaH evaM bAhya dRSTi kA kitanA manohArI vizleSaNa kiyA hai : "paridhi kI ora dekhane se/cetana kA patana hotA hai/aura parama-kendra kI ora dekhane se/cetana kA jatana hotA hai| paridhi meM bhramaNa hotA hai/jIvana yU~ hI guz2ara jAtA hai, kendra meM ramaNa hotA hai/jIvana sukhI naz2ara AtA hai|" (pR. 162) mati aura rati kisa prakAra kramaza: vikAsa aura vinAza kA kAraNa banatI hai : "vikAsa ke krama taba uThate haiM/jaba mati sAtha detI hai/jo mAna se vimukha hotI hai, aura/vinAza ke krama taba juTate haiM/jaba rati sAtha detI hai jo mAna meM pramukha hotI hai |/utthaan-ptn kA yahI Amukha hai|" (pR. 164) sajjanatA aura durjanatA ke lakSaNoM ko abhivyakta karate hue kavi kaha uThatA hai : "eka-dUsare ke sukha-duHkha meM/paraspara bhAga lenA/sajjanatA kI pahacAna hai, aura/auroM ke sukha ko dekha, jalanA/auroM ke duHkha ko dekha, khilanA durjanatA kA sahI lakSaNa hai|" (pR. 168) anekAnta aura syAdvAda ko nimna paMktiyoM meM kitanI saralatA se samajhAyA gayA hai : " 'ho' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai/'bhI' anekAnta, syAdvAda kA pratIka / ... 'hI' dekhatA hai hIna dRSTi se para ko/'bhI' dekhatA hai samIcIna dRSTi se saba ko, 'hI' vastu kI zakla ko hI pakar3atA hai/'bhI' vastu ke bhItarI-bhAga ko bhI chUtA hai|" (pR. 172-173) vAsanA ke viSaya meM kavi kI ukti camatkArI hai : "vAsanA kA vAsa vaha/na tana meM hai, na vasana meM varan/mAyA se prabhAvita mana meM hai|" (pR. 180) sahanazIlatA ke mAhAtmya ko abhivyakti detI huI nimna sUkti bhI vicAraNIya hai : "sarva-sahA honA hI/sarvasva ko pAnA hai jIvana meM santoM kA patha yahI gAtA hai / " (pR. 190) tRtIya khaNDa 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' meM Apane tana, mana - anaMga kA kaisA sambandha hai, ise atyanta sarala zabdoM meM abhivyakti dI hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 243 "tana ko aMga kahA hai/mana ko aMgahIna antaraMga/anaMga kA yoni-sthAna hai vaha saba saMgoM kA utpAdaka/saba raMgoM kA utpAtaka!/tana kA niyantraNa sarala hai aura/mana kA niyantraNa asambhava to nahIM,/tathApi vaha eka ulajhana avazya hai/kaTuka-pAna garala hai vh"|" (pR. 198) strI samAja ko AcAryazrI ne upAsanAmaya dRSTi se dekhA hai / ata: 'mUkamATI' meM 'strI' zabda ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM kI sUkSma mImAMsA kI gaI hai : 0 "kupatha-supatha kI parakha karane meM/pratiSThA pAI hai strI-samAja ne / ... inakA sArthaka nAma hai 'nArI'/yAnI-/'na ari' nArI athavA/ye ArI nahIM haiM/so"nArI"!" (pR. 202) 0 "jo/maha yAnI maMgalamaya mAhaula,/mahotsava jIvana meM lAtI hai 'mahilA' kahalAtI vaha / " (pR. 202) 0 "..jo/puruSa-citta kI vRtti ko/vigata kI dazAoM aura anAgata kI AzAoM se/pUrI taraha haTAkara/ aba' yAnI Agata - vartamAna meM lAtI hai / 'abalA' kahalAtI hai vaha..!" (pR. 203) " 's' yAnI sama-zIla saMyama/'zrI' yAnI tIna artha haiM dharma, artha, kAma-puruSArthoM meM/puruSa ko kuzala-saMyata banAtI hai so' 'strI' kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 205) kavi ke hRdaya meM mAtRzakti ke prati viziSTa sammAna hai : "jAnane kI zakti vaha/mAtR-tattva ke sivA/anyatra kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hotii| ...mAtR-tattva kI anupalabdhi meM/jJeya-jJAyaka sambandha Thapa ! ...isIlie isa jIvana meM/mAtA kA mAna-sammAna ho, usI kA jaya-gAna ho sadA,/dhanya"!" (pR. 206) maryAdA kA ullaMghana kisI ke lie kSamya nahIM hai : "lakSmaNa-rekhA kA ullaMghana/rAvaNa ho yA sItA rAma hI kyoM na hoM/daNDita karegA hI!" (pR. 217) kalikAla ke prabhAva se vizva meM bhautikatA kA pracAra-prasAra vRddhiMgata ho rahA hai : "kali-kAla kI vaiSayika chA~va meM/prAya: yahI sIkhA hai isa vizva ne vaizyavRtti ke pariveza meM-/vezyAvRtti kI vaiyAvRtya!" (pR. 217) 'upAdeya' kI prApti hetu mAtra 'upAya' hI Avazyaka nahIM hai varan 'apAya' kI anupasthiti bhI Avazyaka hai : "upAya kI upasthiti hI/paryApta nahIM,/upAdeya kI prApti ke lie
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________________ 244 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA apAya kI anupasthiti bhI anivArya hai| aura vaha anAyAsa nahIM, prayAsa-sAdhya hai|" (pR. 230) mahApuruSoM kA svabhAva vicitra hI hotA hai / prakAza pradAna karanA unakI svAbhAvika vRtti hai : "mahApuruSa prakAza meM nahIM Ate/AnA bhI nahIM cAhate,/prakAza-pradAna meM hI unheM rasa AtA hai| yaha bAta nirAlI hai,ki/prakAza saba ko prakAzita karegA hI sva ho yA para, 'prakAzya' bhara ko!" (pR. 245) indradhanuSa ke mAdhyama se kavi ne apane kAvya prayojana ko manohArI DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai : "maiM yathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/vyathAkAra nhiiN| aura/maiM tathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/kathAkAra nhiiN| isa lekhanI kI bhI yahI bhAvanA haikRti rahe, saMskRti rahe/AgAmI asIma kAla taka jAgRta"jIvita "ajita !" (pR. 245) vijJAna aura AsthA kA sundara vizleSaNa prastuta huA hai : "eka vijJAna hai/jisakI AjIvikA tarkaNA hai, eka AsthA hai/jise AjIvikA kI cintA nahIM, eka adhara meM laTakA hai/use AdhAra nahIM paira TikAne, eka ko dharatI kI zaraNa milI hai/yahI kAraNa hai, Upara vAle ke pAsa kevala dimAga hai, caraNa nahIM!" (pR. 249) 'prazna' aura 'uttara' kI mImAMsA bhI darzanIya hai : "prazna kA uttara nIce hI milatA hai/Upara kadApi nahIM.. uttara meM virAma hai, zAnti ananta |/prshn sadA Akula rahatA hai uttara ke anantara prazna hI nahIM uThatA,/prazna kA jIvana-anta sindhu meM bindu vilIna jyoM..!" (pR. 250) sAdhanA kA lakSya kyA hai- ise kavi ne mananIya tathA spRhaNIya zailI meM prastuta kiyA hai : "sAdhaka kI antara dRSTi meM/nirantara sAdhanA kI yAtrA/bheda se abheda kI ora veda se aveda kI ora/bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI cAhie/anyathA, vaha yAtrA nAma kI hai/yAtrA kI zurUAta abhI nahIM huI hai / " (pR. 267) caturtha khaNDa agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' meM varNita guNa aura doSa ke viSaya meM kavi ke vicAra mananIya haiM: "mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI/mujhe jilAnA hai/sva-para doSoM ko jalAnA
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________________ parama- dharma mAnA hai santoM ne / / doSa ajIva haiM, / naimittika haiM, bAhara se Agata haiM kathaMcit; / guNa jIvagata haiM, /guNa kA svAgata hai|" (pR. 277) 'rasa' ke AsvAda kA adhikArI kauna sakatA hai - ise kavi ne atyanta sundaratA ke sAtha spaSTa kiyA hai : " rasa kA svAda usI rasanA ko AtA hai / jo jIne kI icchA se hI nahIM, mRtyu kI bhIti se bhI Upara uThI hai / / rasanendriya ke vazIbhUta huA vyakti kabhI bhI kisI bhI vastu ke / sahI svAda se paricita nahIM ho sakatA / " (pR. 281 ) kumbha ke mAdhyama se kavi ne jIvana-lakSya kI ora saMketa kiyA hai : mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 245 .. "bhukti kI hI nahIM, / mukti kI bhI / cAha nahIM hai isa ghaTa meM vAha-vAha kI paravAha nahIM hai / prazaMsA ke kSaNa meM // dAha ke pravAha meM avagAha karU~ parantu, / Aha kI taraMga bhI / kabhI nahIM uThe / isa ghaTa meM saMkaTa meM / isake aMga-aMga meM / raga-raga meM / vizva kA tAmasa A bhara jAya koI cintA nahIM, / kintu, viloma bhAva se / yAnI tA N N Mma' N Msa sa N MmatAM!" (pR. 284) kumbha kI manokAmanA sammAnanIya hai : "rUpa-ra - sarasa se / gandha parasa se pare / apanI racanA cAhatA hai, vibho ! saMga-rahita ho / jaMga-rahita ho / zuddha lauha aba / dhyAna- dAha meM basa pacanA cAhatA hai, prabho !" (pR. 285) 'dhyAna' kI sUkSma mImAMsA sabhI ke lie mananIya hai : " dhyAna kI bAta karanA / aura / dhyAna se bAta karanA ina donoM meM bahuta antara hai - / dhyAna ke kendra kholane - mAtra se dhyAna meM kendrita honA sambhava nahIM / " (pR. 286 ) 'darzana' aura 'adhyAtma' para gahana cintana karate hue kavi ne donoM ke antara ko manoharatA ke sAtha prastuta kiyA "darzana kA srota mastaka hai, / svastika se aMkita hRdaya se adhyAtma kA jharanA jharatA hai / / darzana ke binA adhyAtma - jIvana cala sakatA hai, calatA hI hai/ para, hA~ ! binA adhyAtma, darzana kA darzana nahIM / / laharoM ke binA saravara vaha raha sakatA hai, rahatA hI hai / para hA~ ! / binA saravara lahara nahIM / ... adhyAtma sadA satya cidrUpa hI / bhAsvata hotA hai / . bahirmukhI yA bahumukhI pratibhA hI / darzana kA pAna karatI hai,
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________________ 246 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA antarmukhI, bandamukhI cidAbhA/niraMjana kA gAna karatI hai| darzana kA Ayudha zabda hai- vicAra,/adhyAtma nirAyudha hotA hai sarvathA stabdha-nirvicAra !/eka jJAna hai, jJeya bhI eka dhyAna hai, dhyeya bhii|" (pR. 289) sattA parivartanazIla hai : "yahA~ para koI bhI/sthira-dhruva-cira/na rahA, na rahegA, na thA bahAva bahanA hI dhuva/raha rahA hai,/sattA kA yahI, basa rahasa rahA, jo/viha~sa rahA hai|" (pR. 290-291) 'kAyA' aura 'mAyA' meM rahane mAtra se usakI anubhUti nahIM hotI varan Antarika lagAva hI usakA mukhya kAraNa "kAyA meM rahane mAtra se/kAyA kI anubhUti nahIM,/mAyA meM rahane mAtra se mAyA kI prasUti nahIM,/unake prati/lagAva-cAva bhI anivArya hai|" (pR. 298) zrIphala ke mukha se mRdutA aura kAThinya kA sundara vizleSaNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai : "mRdu aura kAThinya meM sAmya hai, yhaaN| aura/yaha hRdaya hamArA/kitanA komala hai, itanA komala hai kyA/tumhArA yaha uparila tana ?/basa/hamAre bhItara jarA jhA~ko, mRdutA aura kAThinya kI sahI pahacAna/tana ko nahIM, hRdaya ko chUkara hotI hai / " (pR. 311) paramapUjya munizrI ke pada-nakha meM kumbha ke pratibimba kA kitanA ! sundara !! varNana hai : "kandarpa-darpa se dUra/guru-pada-nakha-darpaNa meM/kumbha ne apanA darzana kiyA aura/dhanya ! dhanya! kaha utthaa|" (pR. 324-325) spardhA kI mImAMsA bhI vicAraNIya hai : "spardhA prakAza meM lAtI hai/kahIM "sudUra 'jA'"bhItara baiThI ahaMkAra kI sUkSma sattA ko|" (pR. 339) 'yati' aura 'niyati' kI paribhASA bhI spRhaNIya hai : " 'ni' yAnI nija meM hI/'yati' yAnI yatana - sthiratA hai apane meM lIna honA hI niyati hai/nizcaya se yahI yati hai|" (pR. 349) santa samAgama kA pariNAma acintya hai : "santa-samAgama kI yahI to sArthakatA hai/saMsAra kA anta dikhane lagatA hai, samAgama karanevAlA bhale hI/turanta santa-saMyata/bane yA na bane
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________________ isameM koI niyama nahIM hai, / kintu vaha / santoSI avazya banatA hai / sahI dizA kA prasAda hI / sahI dazA kA prAsAda hai / " (pR. 352) svarNa kI vyarthatA para kavi ne ramaNIya cintana prastuta kiyA hai : "tuma svarNa ho / ubalate ho jhaTa se / mATI svarNa nahIM hai / para svarNa ko ugalatI avazya, / tuma mATI ke ugAla ho ! / Aja taka na sunA, na dekhA / aura na hI par3hA, ki / svarNa meM boyA gayA bIja aMkurita hokara / phUlA phalA, lahalahAyA ho / paudhA banakara / he svarNa - kalaza ! / ... mATI svayaM bhIgatI hai dayA se / aura auroM ko bhI bhigotI hai / / mATI meM boyA gayA bIja samucita anila-salila pA/ poSaka tattvoM se puSTa - pUrita sahasra guNita ho phalatA hai / " (pR. 364-365 ) dhyeya kI caMcalatA dhyAna meM bAdhaka banatI hai : mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 247 "koI sAdhaka sAdhanA ke samaya / mazAla ko dekhate-dekhate dhyAna-dhAraNA sAdha nahIM sakatA / isameM mazAla kI asthiratA hI kAraNa hai, 'dhyeya yadi caMcala hogA, to / kuzala dhyAtA kA zAnta mana bhI caMcala ho uThegA hI / " (pR. 369 ) vahIM dhyAna meM dIpaka kI lau sAdhaka hotI hai : 66 '... dIpaka kI lAla lau / agni-sI lagatI, para agni nahIM, sva-para- prakAzinI jyoti hai vaha / jo spandanahInA hotI hai jise animeSa dekhane se / sAdhaka kA upayoga vaha / niyoga rUpa se, sthUlatA se sUkSmatA kI ora / bar3hatA-bar3hatA, zanai: zanai: / vyagratA se rahita ho ekAgra hotA hai kucha hI paloM meM // phira, phira kyA ? samagratA se sAkSAtkAra !" (pR. 370) yathArtha jJAna kA lakSaNa (kumbha ke mAdhyama se) ati sahajatA se prastuta kiyA gayA hai : " kumbha kA sunAnA prArambha huA : / 'sva' ko sva ke rUpa meM 'para' ko para ke rUpa meM / jAnanA hI sahI jJAna hai, / aura 'sva' meM ramaNa karanA / sahI jJAna kA 'phala' / " (pR. 375) ajJAnI hI para-padArthoM meM ramaNa kA icchuka rahatA hai : "viSayoM kA rasika/ bhogoM-upabhogoM kA dAsa, / indriyoM kA cAkara aura"--"aura kyA?/tana aura mana kA gulAma hI
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________________ 248 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA para - padArthoM kA svAmI bananA cAhatA hai / " (pR. 375) 'tana', 'mana' aura 'cetana' kI prakriyA kA varNana atyanta hRdayAvarjaka zailI meM kiyA gayA hai : " tana kI bhI cintA honI cAhie, / tana ke anurUpa vetana anivArya hai, mana ke anurUpa vizrAma bhI / / mAtra damana kI prakriyA se / koI bhI kriyA phalavatI nahIM hotI hai, / kevala cetana-cetana kI raTana se, cintana-manana se/kucha nahIM milatA !" (pR. 391 ) prakRti ke anurUpa calanA hI sAdhanA hai : " prakRti se viparIta calanA / sAdhanA kI rIta nahIM hai / binA prIti, virati kA palanA / sAdhanA kI jIta nahIM / " (pR. 391 ) puruSa kI sAdhanA meM prakRti kisa prakAra sahayoginI hotI hai, sAMkhya darzana ke isa siddhAnta ko kitanI saralatA kiyA gayA hai : se prastuta "lIlA - premI draSTA-puruSa / apanI A~khoM ko jaba / pUrI taraha visphArita kara dRzya kA cAva se darzana karatA hai, / taba, kyA ? / pramatta - viratA prakRti so palakoM ke bahAne /A~khoM kI bAdhAoM ko dUra karatI / pala-pala sahalAtI-sI ! puruSa yogI hone para bhI / prakRti hotI sahayoginI usakI, sAdhanA kI zikhA taka / sAtha detI rahatI vaha, / zramI AzrayArthI ko Azraya detI hI rahatI/sadoditA svAzritA hokara / " (pR. 392) prakRti kI mahimA kA varNana spRhaNIya hai : "yahI to prakRti kA / pAvana - pana hai pArada - pana / jo yugoM-yugoM se paravaza hue binA, / sva-vaza ho / pAvasa bana barasatI hai, / aura puruSa ko vikRta-veSa Aveza se chur3A kara / svavaza hone ko vivaza karatI, patha prazasta karatI hai|" (pR. 394) sajjanoM aura durjanoM ke mukha se prasUta vANI kA bheda vicAraNIya hai : "satpuruSoM se milane vAlA / vacana - vyApAra kA prayojana / parahita - sampAdana hai aura / pApI - pAtakoM se milane vAlA / vacana - vyApAra kA prayojana parahita - palAyana, pIr3A hai / " (pR. 402 ) dArzanika kavi kA sandhyAkAla viSayaka sUkSma cintana mananIya hai : "sandhi-kAla meM sUrya-tattva kA / avasAna dekhA jAtA hai / aura / suSumnA yAnI ubhaya-tattva kA udaya hotA hai / jo / dhyAna-sAdhanA kA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 249 upayukta samaya mAnA gayA hai|/yog ke kAla meM bhoga kA honA roga kA kAraNa hai,/aura/bhoga ke kAla meM roga kA honA zoka kA kAraNa hai|" (pR. 407) dhyeya, deha tathA videha kA vizleSaNa kitanI sundaratA se huA hai : "are dehin !/dyuti-dIpta-sampuSTa deha/jIvana kA dhyeya nahIM hai, deha-neha karane se hI/Aja taka tujhe videha-pada upalabdha nahIM huaa|" (pR. 428-429) 'prANadaNDa' ke aucitya para AcAryazrI kA viziSTa cintana sammAnanIya hai : "uddaNDatA dUra karane hetu/daNDa-saMhitA hotI hai/mAnA,/daNDoM meM antima daNDa prANadaNDa hotA hai |/praanndnndd se/auroM ko to zikSA milatI hai,/parantu jise daNDa diyA jA rahA hai/usakI unnati kA avasara hI samApta / daNDasaMhitA isako mAne yA na mAne,/krUra aparAdhI ko/krUratA se daNDita karanA bhI eka aparAdha hai,/nyAya-mArga se skhalita honA hai|" (pR. 430-431) 'padalipsA' jo ki Adhunika jIvana kI abhizApa hai, usa para bhI kavi kA sUkSma cintana prastuta hai : "padavAle hI padopalabdhi hetu/para ko pada-dalita karate haiM, pApa-pAkhaNDa karate haiN|/prbhu se prArthanA hai ki/apada hI bane raheM hama ! jitane bhI pada haiM/vaha vipadAoM ke AyAda hai,/pada-lipsA kA viSadhara vaha bhaviSya meM bhI hameM na sUMghe/basa yahI bhAvanA hai, vibho !" (pR. 434) manISI kavi kA 'mantra prayoga' viSayaka viziSTa jJAna nimna paMktiyoM meM parilakSita hotA hai : "mantra-prayoga ke bAda/pratIkSA kI AzyakatA nahIM rahatI hAthoM-hAtha phala sAmane AtA hai/yaha ekAgratA kA pariNAma hai / mantra-prayoga karane vAlA/sadAzayI ho yA durAzayI isameM koI niyama nahIM hai|/niyntrit-mnaa ho basa ! yahI niyama hai, yahI niyoga / " (pR. 437) 'kAla' aura 'kSetra' kI mahattA bhI pratipAdita kI gaI hai : "phalAnubhUti-bhoga aura upabhoga ke lie/kAla aura kSetra kI anukUlatA bhI apekSita hai/kevala bhoga-sAmagrI hI nhiiN|" (pR. 439-440) kavi ne kumbha ke mAdhyama se bandhana aura svAtantrya kA sUkSma vizleSaNa prastuta kiyA hai : "yahA~/bandhana rucatA kise?/mujhe bhI priya hai svatantratA/tabhI to..
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________________ 250 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kisI ke bhI bandhana meM/baidhanA nahIM cAhatA maiM, na hI kisI ko bA~dhanA cAhatA huuN|/jaante hama,/bA~dhanA bhI to bandhana hai ! tathApi/svacchandatA se svayaM/bacanA cAhatA huuN|" (pR. 442-443) 'jar3a' aura 'jaMgama' ke antara ko kitanI saralatA se spaSTa kiyA hai : "jar3a aura jaMgama do tattva haiM/donoM kI apanI-apanI vizeSatAyeM haiMjaMgama ko prakAza milate hI/yathocita gati milate hI vikAsa hI kara jAtA hai vaha/jaba ki/jar3a jyoM-kA-tyoM raha jaataa| jar3a ajJAnI hotA hai/ekAntI haThI hotA hai| kUTastha hotA hai trasta !/svastha nahIM ho sakatA vh|" (pR. 446) 'dharatI' evaM 'tIrtha' kI mahattA ko udAramanA kavi ne atyanta udAratA se svIkAra kiyA hai : "jisane dharatI kI zaraNa lI hai/dharatI pAra utAratI hai use yaha dharatI kA niyama hai "vrata !/dharatI zabda kA bhI bhAva viloma rUpa se yahI nikalatA hai-/"ra"tI tI "ra"" yAnI,/jo tIra ko dhAraNa karatI hai/yA zaraNAgata ko tIra para dharatI hai/vahI dharatI kahalAtI hai| aura suno ! 'dha' ke sthAna para/'tha' ke prayoga se tIratha banatA hai zaraNAgata ko tAre so"tIratha !" (pR. 451-452) AvaraNa kA vivecana vicAraNIya hai : "AcaraNa ke sAmane Ate hI/prAya: caraNa thama jAte haiM aura/AvaraNa ke sAmane Ate hI/prAya: nayana nama jAte haiN|" (pR. 412) vartamAna meM satya kI vivazatA para kavi-hRdaya kI Antarika vyathA prakaTa huI hai : "satya kA Atma-samarpaNa/aura vaha bhI/asatya ke sAmane ?/he bhagavan ! yaha kaisA kAla A gayA,/kyA asatya zAsaka banegA aba ? kyA satya zAsita hogA ?/hAya re, jauharI ke hATa meM Aja hIraka-hAra kI hAra !/hAya re, kA~ca kI cakAcauMdha meM marI jA rahI-/hIre kI jhagajhagAhaTa!/aba/satI anucarI ho calegI vyabhicAriNI ke pIche-pIche |/asty kI dRSTi meM/satya asatya ho sakatA hai, aura/asatya satya ho sakatA hai/parantu/satya ko bhI nahIM rahA kyA satyAsatya kA viveka ?/kyA satya ko bhI apane Upara vizvAsa nahIM rahA ?" (pR. 469-470) salila, anala, anila aura sanIla kI prakRti kA bahuta sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 251 "salila kI apekSA/anala ko bA~dhanA kaThina hai/aura/anala kI apekSA anila ko bA~dhanA aura kaThina |/prntu/sniil ko bA~dhanA to sambhava hI nahIM hai|" (pR. 472) kumbha ke mAdhyama se kavivara ne apanI maMgalamayI anta:kAmanA ko abhivyakti dI hai : "yahA~ "saba kA sadA/jIvana bane maMgalamaya/chA jAve sukha-chA~va, sabake saba TaleM-/amaMgala-bhAva,/saba kI jIvana ltaa| harita-bharita viha~sita ho/guNa ke phUla vilasita hoM nAzA kI AzA miTe/AmUla mahaka uThe/"basa !" (pR. 478) upAdAna aura nimitta kA sUkSma cintana bhI samAdaraNIya hai : "upAdAna-kAraNa hI/kArya meM DhalatA hai/yaha akATya niyama hai,/kintu usake Dhalane meM/nimitta kA sahayoga bhI Avazyaka hai, ise yU~ kaheM to aura uttama hogA ki/upAdAna kA koI yahA~ para para-mitra hai"to vaha/nizcaya se nimitta hai/jo apane mitra kA nirantara niyamita rUpa se/gantavya taka sAtha detA hai|" (pR. 481) 'mokSa' kI paribhASA saralatama rUpa meM prastuta kI gaI hai : "bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA/AmUla miTa jAnA hI/mokSa hai| isI kI zuddha-dazA meM/avinazvara sukha hotA hai|" (pR. 486) kavi kA antima sandeza ina paMktiyoM meM draSTavya hai : "kSetra kI nahIM,/AcaraNa kI dRSTi se/maiM jahA~ para hU~/vahA~ Akara dekho mujhe, tumheM hogI merI/sahI-sahI pahacAna/kyoMki/Upara se nIce dekhane se mujhe cakkara AtA hai/aura/nIce se Upara kA anumAna/lagabhaga galata nikalatA hai| isIlie ina/zabdoM para vizvAsa lAo,/hA~, hA~ !! vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI/avazya milegI/magara/mArga meM nahIM, maMz2ila para ! aura/mahA-mauna meM/DUbate hue santa"/aura mAhaula ko animeSa nihAratI-sI/"mUkamATI !" (pR. 487-488) isa prakAra sUktiyoM, vicitra uktiyoM, subhASitoM kA mahAsAgara hai yaha mahAkAvya / isa mahAkAvya meM avagAhana karane para hI parama zAnta rasa kA AsvAdana sambhava hai, taTa ke darzana mAtra se nhiiN|
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________________ bhAratIya saMskRti evaM sabhyatA kI gaurava gAthA : 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya DaoN. sIeca. rAmulu 'mUkamATI' AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI viracita Adhunika mahAkAvya hai / isameM mATI ke jIvana kI vyAkhyA ke misa mAnava-jIvana kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| mATI kI apanI vANI nahIM hai / usakA jIvana hI usakI vANI banakara bolatA hai / mATI kI apanI mUka sAdhanA hai, tapasyA hai, jisakI vyAkhyA karanA virale kavi ke basa kA hotA hai| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI svayaM mUka sAdhaka haiN| apanI tapasyA sAdhanA ke bala para mUkamATI ko Apane vANI dI hai| jIvana ke adbhuta rahasyoM ko prakaTa kiyA hai / Apane siddha kiyA ki mauna bane rahane se vAk siddhi hotI hai / prakaTa abhivyakti meM vANI sImita hotI hai / anubhUti kI samagra abhivyakti asambhava hai / muni kI mauna sAdhanA meM ananta anubhava kA prasAraNa aneka dizAoM meM hotA hai / prakaTa abhivyakti meM asamagratA hai, apUrNatA hai / mUka vANI meM samagra cintana prakaTa hotA hai| ananta sambhAvanAe~ pratiphalita hotI haiM / mATI manuSya kI pratIka hai / jIvana kI pratIka hai / isa prakAra 'mUkamATI' meM mAnava-jIvana kI mUka sAdhanA prasArita hotI hai / jIva kI mUka vedanA prakaTa huI hai / ananta jIvakoTi kI saMvedanA abhivyakta huI hai| mATI tuccha hai / jIvana kSudra hai, kSaNika hai tathA sasIma hai / isa mATI ko, aNu ko udAtta bananA hai / apanI sAdhanA se ananta sthiti ko prApta karanA hai, mahAn siddhi ko prApta karanA hai| isa ananta yAtrA meM apanI kamajoriyoM ko, kSudratAoM ko prakSAlita karanA hai / aNu se mahAn kA AviSkAra karanA hai / arthAt aNu ko, apane Apa ko pahacAnane kI apekSA hai / isa sAdhanA meM hI sAdhya nikSipta hai| sAdhanA ke anta meM siddhi prApta ho jAtI hai| parantu sAdhanA ke pratyeka kSaNa meM bhI siddhi kI prApti hotI hai / ananta kAla mahAn hai / kSaNa mahAn hai / mATI bhI mahAn hai / mATI meM chipA abhivyakta puruSa mahAn hai / mATI ke rUpa meM vyakta kSudra vyaktitva ko apane sahaja, sImita upAdhigata tattvoM kI dIvAroM ko lA~ghakara jAti, kula, sampradAya,bhASA, pradeza ityAdi paradoM ko cIrakara Atmadarzana karane kI prakriyA meM asAmAnya sAdhanA kI AvazyakatA hai| AcAryapravara zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne mATI kI isa mUka sAdhanA meM vighaTanakArI bAdhAoM kI vyAkhyA karate hue mAnava-jIvana meM upasthita hone vAle kaMTakoM kI vyAkhyA kii| 'mUkamATI' eka dArzanika kAvya hai| isake mUla meM AdhyAtmika jIvana kA vRtta saMkalita hai| jIvana kI sAdhanA meM nivRtti mArga ko apane meM sameTA huA pravRtti mArga prabodhita hai / jIvana-saMgharSa meM agni-parIkSA ko cunautI ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane kA upadeza diyA hai / agni meM tapakara jisa prakAra mATI ujjvala, udAtta tathA zuddha banatI hai, usI prakAra parIkSAoM kI kasauTI para kasA jAkara mAnava saMskArita, pariSkRta hotA hai| usakI kSudra bhAvanAoM kA saMskAra, pariSkAra hotA hai, taba usakI hara bhAvanA AdaraNIya hotI hai / mAnava-jIvana kA pratyeka kSaNa, pratyeka bhAva apane deza, kAla, paristhiti ke bandhanoM meM sImita hote hue bhI pariSkRta hokara zuddha, buddhAtmA ko prApta kara udAtta hotA hai / isa prakAra mAnava jIvana kA pratyeka kSaNa sAdhanA ke yogya pUjanIya hotA hai aura usI prakAra pratyeka pala, sampUrNa kAla puruSa kA samartha tathA zaktizAlI aMza hotA hai / mAnava kA jIvana kAla sApekSa hai aura dezApekSita / arthAt mAnava jIvana kAla tathA sthAna se niyantrita hotA hai| isalie kSudra, sImita, asamagra, asampUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| parantu vahI kSaNa IzvarIya sAdhanA ke bala para sabala, prabala, suramya, samagra, sampUrNa ho jAtA hai / mUkamATI ko anta meM parama puruSa ke rUpa meM vANI mila jAtI hai / mUka sAdhanA ko lakSya kI prApti ho jAtI hai| AcAryazreSTha zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne mUkamATI kI mUka sAdhanA ko vANI dii| ananta anubhava ko prakaTa kiyA hai| mUkamATI kI isa jIvana-yAtrA meM kaI anubhava rUpI ratnoM ko saMkalita kiyA gayA hai / unako yathAsAdhya yahA~ prastuta karane
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 253 kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai : "bahanA hI jIvana hai|" (pR. 2) jIvana eka pravAha hai| usakA apanA srota hai| isalie vaha sravantI hai| Arambha meM vaha jharanA hai| Age vaha saritA bana jAtI hai / anta meM sAgara se saMgama prApta karatI hai / isIlie 'caraiveti caraiveti' kahA gayA hai / gatizIla pravAha hI jIvana kahalAtA hai| "IrSyA para vijaya prApta karanA/saba ke vaza kI bAta nhiiN|" (pR. 2) mAnava-jIvana kI sabase bar3I kamaz2orI IrSyA hai| sAdhaka ko isa para vijaya prApta karane kI AvazyakatA hai| kAma, krodha, lobha, moha ityAdi IrSyA se uttejita ho jAte haiM aura inake kAraNa jIvana patita ho jAtA hai / isa para vijaya prApta karanA sAdhanA kA lakSya hai| "sattA zAzvata hotI hai/sattA bhAsvata hotI hai...|" (pR. 7) isa saMsAra meM sattAkAmI, yazokAmI aura dhanakAmiyoM kA rAjya hai / jo sattA bhAsvata hotI hai, vahI zAzvata hotI hai / jisa sattA ke kAraNa zoSaNa prabala hotA hai aura dUsaroM ko trAsa milatA hai, vaha sattA azAzvata hotI hai / "jaisI saMgati milatI hai/vaisI mati hotI hai / " (pR. 8) dina-rAta sajjanoM kI saMgati se mati sumati ho jAtI hai / sAttvika pravRtti ke sAtha saMgati baiThane ke kAraNa jIvana kI, sAdhanA kI gati aura dizA nirdhArita ho jAtI hai / arthAt sAdhu puruSoM kA sAMgatya, sadgranthoM kA paThana apekSita hai| sAdhanA mArga para jIva ko apane Apa ko sudhAranA caahie| kaMkara-patthara se mATI azuddha hotI hai aura pAnI meM milakara chana jAtI hai| "asatya kI sahI pahacAna hI/satya kA avadhAna hai, beTA!" (pR. 9) ___ apanI kSudratA ko, apanI asmitA kI sImA ko pahacAnanA hI satya pathagAmI kA lakSaNa hotA hai / apane Apako pahacAnane ke lie tatkAla apanI sthiti ko pahacAnane kI AvazyakatA hai / upaniSad kahatI hai ki jo yaha jAnatA hai ki mujhe bahuta kucha jAnanA hai vaha kucha to jAnatA hai / jo yaha mAnatA hai ki vaha saba kucha jAnatA hai vaha kucha nahIM jaantaa| "veda veda iti nona veda ca / nona veda iti veda veda c|" apane Apa ko alpamati mAnane se ananta jJAna kI khoja jArI rahatI hai / anyathA, ananta khoja kI gati manda par3a jAtI hai yA ruka jAtI hai| "AsthA ke binA rAstA nahIM/mUla ke binA cUla nhiiN|" (pR. 10) mAnava-jIvana meM AsthA pramukha tattva hai| jahA~ vizvAsa nahIM, vahA~ zAnti nahIM hotii| jIvana ke mUla meM vizvAsa hai| jIvana ke sabhI sambandha vizvAsa se banate haiN| arthAt tarka sarvatra kAma nahIM detA / kahIM na kahIM vizvAsa para jAkara vaha Tika jAtA hai / jo vizvAsa para calate haiM, ve usa vizvAsa ko dRr3ha vizvAsa banAne ke prayAsa meM tarka DhU~r3hA karate haiN| jo tarka ke AdhAra para calate haiM, ve tarka para tarka jor3akara usa tarka ko vizvAsa banA lete haiM arthAt vizvAsa tarka jor3atA hai aura tarka vizvAsa banatA hai| sAdhanA kI eka chora para vizvAsa hai to dUsarI chora para tarka hai / donoM kA saMgama sthAna
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________________ 254 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA siddhAvasthA kA mUla sthAna hai / laukika jagat meM AsthA yA vizvAsI andhavizvAsI bana jAtA hai| tArkika vitaNDAvAdI ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra donoM badanAma haiM ki eka ghora Astika hai to dUsarA ghora nAstika / vyakti kI ye donoM sthitiyA~ asaMgata haiN| vaha Izvara hai bhI aura nahIM bhii| upaniSadoM meM jisa prakAra kahA gayA hai ki "nA iti, na iti"- nahIM nahIM hai| isameM nahIM, usameM nahIM / arthAt kisI meM nahIM hai / jo rUpa hamAre lie agamya hai, dustara hai| isa artha meM vaha vahA~ nAsti hai / parantu dUsare rUpa meM vahA~ vaha asti hai / Izvara ke aneka rUpa haiM / eka rUpa meM vaha siddha hotA hai to dUsare rUpa meM vaha aprApta hai| isalie vaha hai aura nahIM bhii| kisI vitaNDAvAdI ne kahA thA - 'God is no where?' isameM 'No' ke sAtha 'w' jor3eM to 'Now here' ho jaaegaa| asti-nAsti kI vicikitsA itane meM hI hai / "AyAsa se DaranA nahIM/Alasya karanA nahIM !" (pR. 11) jIvana kA artha karma hai| karma hI jIvana hai| karma nahIM hai to jIvana kI sArthakatA nahIM hai| karma karanA hI jIvana kA lakSya hai / arthAt pratyeka ko karma karane kA adhikAra hai / AlasI bane rahane meM mRtyu kA varaNa karanA hai| isalie akarmaNyatA mRtyu hai| AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI ne karmamaya jIvana ko jIvana mAnakara 'mUkamATI' meM cetanA bhara dI hai| "sAdhanA-skhalita jIvana meM/anartha ke sivA aura kyA ghaTegA ?" (pR. 12) kArya-sAdhanA jIvana kA lakSya hai| karmacyuta honA jIvana-patha se gira jAnA hai| sAdhanA se haTa jAnA jIvana se haTa jAnA hai| isake phalasvarUpa jIvana sArthaka nahIM hogA, arthAt kisI mahatkArya ko sAdhanA hI jIvana kA lakSya hai / usako prApta karane kI sAdha (z2ida) honI caahie| sAdhanA se skhalita jIvana meM khAlI hAtha hoNge| karma se tAtparya sAdhanA hai, parama sAdhya ko prApta karanA hai| ___"apanI ora hI/bar3hate bar3hate/A rahe vh/shrmik-crnn"|" (pR.25) pAtra banAne hetu miTTI kA cayana karane ke lie kumhAra ko AtA dekhakara mATI kahatI hai ki ve apanI ora hI bar3ha rahe haiN| ve zramika ke caraNa haiM arthAt pAtra banAne ke lie apanA cayana hogaa| ye apanA saubhAgya mAnA jAegA ki hama usake varaNa ke lie yogya hue| kabIra kA dohA isI dRzya ko upasthita karatA hai| _ "mAlI Avata dekhikai, kaliyA~ karI pukAra / phUle phUle cuna liye, kAli hamArI bAra // " mAnava ko isa qadara yogya bananA cAhie ki kisI uttama kArya ke lie usakI pavitratA siddha ho jAe aura usakA cayana ho jAe / apane kara, mukha, nayana Izvara kI sevA karane yogya ho jaaeN| usake stuti-gAna meM apane jIvana ko sArthaka banA leM / jagat kI isa IzvarIya lIlA meM hara vyakti apanA kartavya/karma kare / isa raMgamaMca para apanA pArTa adA kre| "oMkAra ko namana kiyA/...ahaMkAra kA vamana kiyA hai / " (pR. 28) jIvana ke nirmANa meM zilpI ne Izvara kI vandanA kii| aura usane apanI kArya-kuzalatA ke kAraNa utpanna hone vAle ahaMkAra ko chor3a diyaa| manuSya apanA karma kareM aura phala kI cintA na kreN| 'gItA'kAra kA kahanA hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 255 "karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana / " (2/47) dUsarI ora aham ko chor3ane se tAtparya karma ke phala ke sAtha saMgati chor3anA hai / kabIra kahate haiM : "jaba maiM thA taba tuma nahIM, aba tuma ho hama naahiN|" dUsare sandarbha meM aham kA vamana karane se tAtparya choTe aham ko tyAganA hai / mahatI aham ke sAtha apane aham ko jor3anA hai / arthAt apane ahaMkAra ko vistRta karanA hai tAki usameM vizva ke samasta jIva koTi samA sakeM / apane sukha ko vistRta karanA hai tAki sabake sukha meM apanA sukha mAna liyA jAe / kavi jayazaMkara prasAda kA kathana hai : "auroM ko ha~sate dekho manu/ha~so aura sukha pAo; apane sukha ko vistRta kara lo...|' 'mUkamATI' kAra kA kathana hai : 0. "auroM ke sukha ko dekha, jalanA/auroM ke duHkha ko dekha, khilanA durjanatA kA sahI lakSaNa hai|" (pR. 168) 0 "galata nirNaya de/jiyA nahIM jA sktaa|" (pR. 30) jIvana meM galata nirNaya lekara galata rAstoM para calanA ahitakara hogaa| isalie kabhI g2alata kadama na uThAte hue svaccha, sarala, sahaja tathA pavitra jIvana bitAne kI AvazyakatA hai| "pazcAttApa kI Aga meM jhulasatI-sI maattii|" (pR. 36) apane kie para pazcAttApa karanA uttama mAnava kA lakSaNa hai| kyoMki pazcAttApa se pApa dhula jAtA hai| phira kabhI koI g2alata qadama na uThAne kA nirNaya le sakatA hai| isa prakAra eka-eka karake jIvana meM sabhI doSa miTAe jA sakate haiM / janma-janmoM ke saMskAroM ke phalasvarUpa sambhava honevAle doSoM kA nivAraNa pazcAttApa se ho jAtA hai / gItA kA 'jJAnAgnidagdhakarmANi' kA tAtparya yahI hai ki sahI jJAna se g2alatI kA ehasAsa ho jAtA hai aura phira dUsarI bAra g2alatI nahIM hotI / janma-janmoM ke cakra se mukta hone kI lAlasA jaga jAtI hai / isalie mAnava-jIvana meM pazcAttApa kA bar3A mahattva hai| "vAsanA kA vilAsa/moha hai,/dayA kA vikAsa/mokSa hai|" (pR. 38) mAnava-jIvana meM jaba vAsanA prabala hotI hai, taba moha bar3hatA hai / kAma kA vikAsa moha hai aura sArI vilAsakrIr3Ae~ moha ke phalasvarUpa hotI haiM, jo patana ke kAraNa banatI haiN| apane Apa para dayA karane se usake prati ahitakArI kAryoM se dUra ho jAte haiM aura isase jIvana ke kArya-kalApoM kI dizA badala jAtI hai / sajjanatA va sAdhu pravRtti ko apanAkara bandhana rahita mokSapathagAmI kAryoM meM ruci lete haiM, anta meM jIvana kA uddhAra ho jAtA hai / isalie dayA, karuNA kA vikAsa mokSaprada ho jAtA hai| "nIra kA kSIra bananA hI/varNa-lAbha hai,/varadAna hai| aura kSIra kA phaTa jAnA hI/varNa-saMkara hai/abhizApa hai|" (pR. 49)
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________________ 256 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne isa chanda meM varNa-vyavasthA kA vizleSaNa kiyA hai| bhAratIya samAja meM vijAtiyoM ke mila jAne kI prakriyA kA vivecana kiyA hai| anya jAtiyA~ dUdha meM pAnI kI taraha milI raheM aura alaga nahIM kI jA sakeM / taba bhAratIya samAja svastha tathA sudRr3ha bana jAtA hai / varNoM kA milanA usa sthiti meM varadAna bana jAtA hai| kabhI alaga karane kA prayatna huA ho to eka dUsare ke lie tar3apa utthe| jisa prakAra dUdha ko garma karane para pAnI bhApa banakara ur3a jAtA hai / arthAt jaba dUdha se pAnI alaga hotA jAtA hai taba bartana kA dUdha usako pakar3ane ke lie Upara uTha-uThakara AtA hai aura apane mitra ke lie agni meM bhI praveza kara jAtA hai / bhAratIya samAja meM isa sthiti kI apekSA hai| parantu kabhI-kabhI anya jAtiyoM ke sammilana se varNa-saMkara se kSIra jaisA bhAratIya samAja vighaTita ho jAtA hai / taba varNasaMkara abhizApa bana jAtA hai / bhAratIya samAja meM Aja kucha aise tattva haiM jo alagAva kI ora samAja ko pravRtta karate haiM aura TakarAva paidA karate haiN| isI tattva ko spaSTa karate hue AcAryapravara ne apanI kAvyabhASA meM abhAratIya jAtiyoM ko sambodhita kiyaa| bhAratIya samAja ko vyavasthA dI ki vijAtiyoM ko apane meM samAhita kiyA jA sakatA hai| "are kaMkaro!/mATI se milana to huA/para/mATI meM mile nahIM tuma ! mATI se chuvana to huA/para/mATI meM ghule nahIM tuma ! itanA hI nahIM,/calatI cakkI meM DAlakara/tumheM pIsane para bhI apane guNa-dharma/bhUlate nahIM tuma !/bhale hI cUraNa banate, retila;/mATI nahIM banate tuma !" (pR. 49) AcAryajI ne isa chanda meM anyokti ke dvArA bhAratIya samAja ke gaThana kA nirdeza kiyA hai / vijAtiyoM ko bhAratIya samAja se ghula-mila jAne kA upadeza diyA hai| isa miTTI se, vatana se pyAra karane kA Adeza diyA hai| bhAratIya samAja ke svastha gaThana kI ora AcArya jI jAgarUka haiN| AcAryajI ne ahiMsA vRtti para bala diyA hai / ahiMsA balazAlI zastra hai / jaba vaha nirupayogI ho jAtA hai to vyakti zastra uThAtA hai| "bAta kA prabhAva jaba/bala-hIna hotA hai hAtha kA prayoga taba/kArya karatA hai| aura/hAtha kA prayoga jaba/bala-hIna hotA hai hathiyAra kA prayoga taba/Arya karatA hai / " (pR. 60) Age AcAryajI spaSTa karate haiM ki samAja ke jIvana meM jahA~ kahIM gA~Tha par3a jAtI hai vahA~ hiMsA panapatI hai| isalie jIvana tathA samAja ko nirgrantha banAne kI apekSA hai| "hamArI upAsya-devatA/ahiMsA hai aura jahA~ gA~Tha-granthi hai/vahA~ nizcita hI/hiMsA chalatI hai| artha yaha huA ki/granthi hiMsA kI sampAdikA hai / ... ...hama nirgrantha-pantha ke pathika haiM/isI pantha kI hamAre yahA~ carcA-arcA-prazaMsA/sadA calatI rahatI hai / ... ...isIlie gA~Tha kA kholanA/Avazyaka hI nahIM anivArya rahA |/smjhii bAta !" (pR. 64-65)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 257 sAmAsika saMskRti vAle, bahubhASI deza meM avizvAsa sarvanAza kI jar3eM bana jAtI hai / eka deza meM sahadharmI, sahajAti meM hI vaimanasya bhAva paraspara dekhe jAte haiM : "zvAna, zvAna ko dekha kara hI/nAkhUnoM se dharatI ko khodatA huA gurrAtA hai burI taraha / " (pR. 71) isa upamAna ke dvArA AcAryajI ne bhArata meM honevAle jAtigata vaimanasya kA citra khIMcA hai| eka jAti kI sthiti isa prakAra hai to anya jAti para kaisA vizvAsa ? "vijAti kA kyA vizvAsa ?/Aja zvAsa-zvAsa para vizvAsa kA zvAsa ghuTatA-sA/dekhA jA rahA hai| pratyakSa !.... .... 'mu~ha meM rAma/bagala meM churI'/bagulAI chalatI hai / " (pR. 72) ve dharma ke sandarbha meM likhate haiM ki 'dayA' dharma kA mUla hai / parantu, Aja kRpANa kRpAlu nahIM haiN| ve kahate haiMhama haiM kRpANa, hama meM kRpA-na / dharma kA jhaNDA bhI DaNDA bana jAtA hai, aura zAstra zastra bana jAtA hai / avasara pAkara prabhu stuti meM tatpara surIlI bA~surI bhI bA~sa bana pITa sakatI hai| AcAryajI kA yaha kharA sandeza hai| bhArata meM panapanevAle paMjAba, asama ke AtaMkavAdI tathA vighaTanakArI tattvoM kI ora yaha saMketa hai| "mokSa kI yAtrA/ "saphala ho/moha kI mAtrA/ viphala ho dharma kI vijaya ho/karma kA vilaya ho|" (pR.76-77) prasaMga meM jor3akara AcAryajI likhate haiM ki zava meM Aga lagAnA hogA aura ziva meM rAga jagAnA hogA / arthAt asAra jIvana ko samApta kara zivatva ke sAtha sambandha jor3anA hogaa| __ saMsArI prANI kA paMca tattvoM meM janma lekara paMca tattvoM meM hI vilIna honA siddha hai / jala meM janma lekara bhI jalatI rahI yaha machalI / AcArya jI ne paMca tattvoM ke bAre meM vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai ki jala meM janama lekara bhI jala se, jalacara jantuoM se jalatI rahI machalI, kyoMki jar3a meM zItalatA kahA~ ? jabaki dharatI mA~ kI sparzarUpI zItalatA hI zIta-latA bana gaI / isa sandarbha meM AcAryajI ne upamAna dete hue mAno taittirIya upaniSad' kA sAra samajhAyA hai ki jIva anna se paidA hotA hai, anna se bar3hatA hai aura anna meM vilIna ho jAtA hai / anna parabrahma svarUpa hai : "annaM brahmeti vyajAnAt |/annaaddhykhlvimaani bhUtAni jAyante, / annena jAtAni jIvanti / annaM prayantyabhisaMvizantIti / OM zAntiH ! zAntiH !! zAntiH!!!" pazcimI sabhyatA ke sandarbha meM Apane likhA hai ki vaha AkramaNakArI hai, vinAza kI lIlA vibhISikA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti usakI tulanA meM sukha-zAnti kI pravezikA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kSamA kI mUrti hai, jo kumbhakAra kA svabhAva bana gayA hai / vaha kSamA kA avatAra bana gayA hai| isalie vaha kahatA hai ki maiM kSamA karatA hU~ sabako, kSamA cAhatA hU~ sabase, sabase sadA-sahaja basa maitrI rahe merI / vaira kisase, kyoM aura kaba karU~ ? zvAna aura siMha sabhyatA kA antara samajhAte hue AcAryajI likhate haiM ki bhAratIya sabhyatA siMha sabhyatA hai| vaha 'svayameva mRgendratA' kA pratIka hai|
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________________ 258 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "zvAna-sabhyatA-saMskRti kI/isIlie nindA hotI hai/ki vaha apanI jAti ko dekha kara/dharatI khodatA, gurrAtA hai| siMha apanI jAti meM milakara jItA hai,/rAjA kI vRtti aisI hI hotI hai, honI bhI caahie|" (pR. 171) isa sandarbha meM Apa AtmAbhimAna, svatantratA, asmitA kI vyAkhyA karate haiM : "apanI svatantratA-svAbhimAna para/kabhI kisI bhA~ti A~ca Ane nahIM detA vaha !" (pR. 170) isa prakAra AcAryajI ne deza ko sampUrNa svAdhIna jIvana ke lie saMgharSa karane kA sandeza diyA hai| Apa likhate haiM ki jJAna kI prApti se bodha meM AkulatA palatI hai| zodha meM nirAkulatA phalatI hai| cetanAzIla prANI saMvedanazIla hotA hai / ata: jagat se, jIvakoTi se rAga-anurAga jor3atA hai| AcAryajI ne jIvana kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai ki kisI ko paruSa nahIM honA caahie| jo apanI jIbha jItatA hai, duHkha rItatA hai usI kA / sukha meM jIvana bItatA hai aura ciraMjIva bhI banatA vhii| kabIra kI sUkti isa sandarbha meM smaraNIya hai : "aisI bAnI boliye, mana kA ApA khoya / aurana ko sItala karai, Apa hu~ sItala hoya // " AcAryajI ne AhAra-vihAra ke sandarbha meM likhA hai : "AdhA bhojana kIjie/duguNA pAnI pIva / tiguNA zrama cauguNI ha~sI/varSa savA sau jIva !" (pR. 133) bhagavAn zrIkRSNa ne 'gItA' (6/17) meM kahA hai : "yuktAhAravihArasya yuktaceSTasya karmasu // " AcAryajI ne kAvya meM choTI-choTI bAta para dhyAna diyA hai| sthitaprajJatA ke lie prerita kiyA hai| artha aura paramArtha kI vyAkhyA karate hue Apane likhA hai : "paramArtha tulatA nahIM kabhI/artha kI tulA meM artha ko tulA banAnA/arthazAstra kA artha hI nahIM jAnanA hai aura/sabhI anarthoM ke garta meM/yuga ko DhakelanA hai / arthazAstrI ko kyA jJAta hai yaha artha ?" (pR. 142) Age Apa prazna karate haiM : "dhana jIvana ke lie/yA jIvana dhana ke lie ? mUlya kisakA/tana kA yA vetana kA,/jar3a kA yA cetana kA ?" (pR. 180) prazna meM uttara nikSipta hai / AcAryazrI ne dhana kA saMgraha, dhana ke pravAha se honevAle ahita kArya aura artha ke
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 259 samucita vitaraNa Adi para bhI likhA hai : "vaha jala ratnAkara banA hai-/bahA-bahA kara dharatI ke vaibhava ko le gayA hai|" (pR. 189) saMgraha evaM zoSaNa kI Apane nindA kI hai : "para-sampadA kI ora dRSTi jAnA/ajJAna ko batAtA hai, aura/para-sampadA haraNa kara saMgraha karanA/moha-mUrchA kA atireka hai| yaha ati nimna-koTi kA karma hai/sva-para ko satAnA hai, nIca-narakoM meM jA jIvana bitAnA hai|" (pR. 189) Apa Age kahate haiM ki artha kabhI paramArtha kI ora bar3hane nahIM detA : "yaha kaTu-satya hai ki/artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatI, artha kI lipsA ne bar3oM-bar3oM ko nirlajja banAyA hai|" (pR. 192) parizrama kA phala svIkAranA hitakara hai / para-dhana miTTI ke Dhele ke barAbara hai tathA parakAntA apanI jananI ke barAbara hotI hai : "parizrama ke binA tuma/navanIta kA golA nigalo bhale hI, kabhI pacegA nahIM vaha/pratyuta, jIvana ko khatarA hai ! para-kAminI, vaha jananI ho,/para-dhana kaMcana kI giTTI bhI miTTI ho sajjana kI dRSTi meM!" (pR. 212) vyAsa maharSi kI sUkti isa sandarbha meM spRhaNIya hai : "aSTAdaza-purANeSu, vyAsasya vacanadvayam / paropakAraH puNyAya, pApAya parapIDanam // " dhana ke vitaraNa ke sambandha meM Apane likhA hai : "ziSToM kA utpAdana-pAlana ho/duSToM kA utpAtana-gAlana ho, sampadA kI saphalatA vaha/sadupayogitA meM hai nA !" (pR. 235) zabda sAdhAraNa aura artha ananta : "para kI dayA karane se/sva kI yAda AtI hai/aura sva kI yAda hI/sva-dayA hai/viloma-rUpa se bhI yahI artha nikalatA hai/yAda "da "yaa"|" (pR. 38) dUsaroM ke dayA ke pAtra banane se apanA mahattva ghaTa jAtA hai aura jaba apanI sthiti kI pahacAna ho jAtI hai to usake bAda apanI sthiti para dayA A jAtI hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki loga dUsaroM para tarasa khAte haiM aura apanI dayanIya
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________________ 260 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA : sthiti para vicAra nahIM krte| pahale apane Apase prema kro| apane svatva se pyAra kro| apane nija rUpa ko pahacAnakara usa para dayA karo / sva ko yAda karo aura dayA karo / apane Apa ko pahacAnane kA yaha pahalA kadama hotA hai| "gada kA artha hai roga/hA kA artha hai hAraka maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA bana/basa, aura kucha vA~chA nahIM/gada-hA"gadahA!" (pR. 40) nikRSTa jAnavara 'gadahA' zabda se AcAryajI ne mahAn artha nikAlA hai| gadahA zabda rogoM kA nivAraNa karanevAlA hai, jIvana ke sAre doSa miTAnevAlA hai| laukika jagat meM jIva gadahA banakara pApoM ko DhotA phiratA hai| dhIre-dhIre use pApoM ke bhAra se mukta honA hai / phala hI roga banakara satAte haiM / ataH sabhI rogoM se bhI chuTakArA pAnA hai| mana kI vyAkhyA karate hue AcAryajI ne likhA hai : "mana kI chA~va meM hI/mAna panapatA hai/mana kA mAthA namatA nahIM na-'mana' ho, taba kahIM/namana ho 'samaNa' ko isalie mana yahI kahatA hai sadA-/nama na ! nama na !! nama na !!!" (pR. 97) isameM samaNa zabda 'zramaNa' zabda kI vikRti hai / mana meM abhimAna nahIM ho to zramaNa ko namana karatA hai / arthAt sAttvikatA kI ora pravRtta hotA hai / namana zabda ko AcAryajI ne tor3a-maror3a kara camatkAra paidA kiyA hai| AcAryajI ne apane kAvya meM tattva cintana kI garimA ke sAtha kAvya meM tattvoM ko carama sImA para pahu~cAyA hai| sAdhAraNa zabdoM meM tAttvika artha bhara diyA hai / zabdoM kA khilavAr3a dekhie : 0 "jaba havA kAma nahIM karatI/taba davA kAma karatI hai, aura/jaba davA kAma nahIM karatI/taba duA kAma karatI hai|" (pR. 241) 0 "maiM yathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/vyathAkAra nhiiN| aura/maiM tathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/kathAkAra nhiiN|" (pR. 245) "maMgalamaya prAMgaNa meM/daMgala kyoM ho rahA, prabho ?" (pR. 214) isa prazna kA uttara kahA~ hai ? AcAryajI ke hAthoM se zabda komala bana gae haiN| udAharaNArtha-garalima, dhavalima Adi / _AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI ne jIvana meM vijJAna kA mahattva prakaTa kiyA hai| isake sahAre daivakArya samajhakara mAno zatru damana, duSTa dalana karane kA Adeza diyA hai| "indra ne amogha astra calAyA/to"tuma/rAmabANa se kAma lo ! pIche haTane kA mata nAma lo/IMTa kA javAba patthara se do ! vilamba nahIM, avilamba/olA-vRSTi karo"upalavarSA !" (pR.248) Apane AryabhaTTa, rohiNI Adi prakSepAstroM kI carcA bhI kI hai| isameM 'sTAra-vAra' kA prasaMga uThAyA hai aura anta meM vaijJAnika, bhautika tattvoM ko nakArA hai, usakI sImA nirdhArita kI hai / satya aura ahiMsA ke dvArA zatru ko jItane kA sandeza diyA hai| "jaba suI se kAma cala sakatA hai/talavAra kA prahAra kyoM ? aura
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 261 jaba phUla se kAma cala sakatA hai/zUla kA vyavahAra kyoM ?" (pR.257) AtaMkavAda ke sambandha meM Apane likhA hai ki anta meM AtaMkavAda hI svayaM AtaMkita huA : "AtaMkavAda kA bala/zanaiH-zanaiH niSkriya hotA jA rahA hai| dala-dala meM pha~sA/balazAlI gaja-sama !" (pR. 432) Apane ahiMsAtmaka saMgharSa karane kI preraNA dI : "saMhAra kI bAta mata karo,/saMgharSa karate jAo! hAra kI bAta mata karo,/utkarSa karate jAo!" (pR. 432) AcAryazrI ne aTUTa vizvAsa prakaTa kiyA hai ki anta meM satya kI vijaya hogI, ahiMsA kI vijaya hogI / aura AtaMkavAda, bhedabhAva samApta hogA / use vyAkula, zokAkula ho pazcAttApa karanA hogA aura ahiMsA kI zaraNa meM jAnA hogaa| hara eka ko zramaNa bananA hogA / anya koI upAya nahIM hai| "koI zaraNa nahIM hai/koI taraNi nahIM hai/tumhAre binA hameM yahA~, kSamA karo, kSamA karo/kSamA ke he avatAra !/hamase bar3I bhUla huI, punarAvRtti nahIM hogI/hama para vizvAsa ho !" (pR. 474) AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara ke mata meM pratyeka ko sAdhaka bananA hogaa| sAdhaka banane ke lie prArambha meM jIvana se mukha mor3ane kI, virata hone kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / ata: sahI jIvana ko apanAne kA Apane upadeza diyA hai| AtaMkavAdI vaha hai, jo svayaM bhayabhIta hai| apane bhItara ke bhaya se bhaya khAyA huA hai / use chipAne ke lie vaha auroM ko DarAtA hai| vaha jIvana se virata huA hai / vairAgya kA yaha bhayAvanA rUpa hai / anta meM hArakara use jIvana meM lauTanA hogA, kyoMki : "prakRti se viparIta calanA/sAdhanA kI rIta nahIM hai| binA prIti, virati kA palanA/sAdhanA kI jIta nahIM,/ bhIti binA prIti nahIM' ... prIti binA rIti nahIM/aura/rIti binA gIta nhiiN|" (pR. 391) AcAryazrI ke mata meM prIti aura bhIti meM samarasatA ho / jIvana ko sahI dizA evaM sahI sthiti meM rakhane ke lie bhIti, bhaya ko pravartita karanA hogA aura prIti ko udAtta karanA hogaa| isa prakAra AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI ne jIvana ko saMyamita rakhane, jIvana kI satyatA ko pahacAnane aura use sAdhana banAkara parama satya ko prApta karane kA sandeza diyA hai / gaNatantra ke bAre meM AcAryajI ne likhA hai ki Aja yaha gaNatantra nahIM, dhana tantra bana gayA hai yA manamAnA tantra bana gayA hai| jahA~ nyAya samaya para nahIM milatA to use nyAya nahIM, anyAya hI mAnanA caahie| "AzAtIta vilamba ke kAraNa/anyAya nyAya-sA nahIM nyAya anyAya-sA lagatA hI hai / " (pR. 272) Apane gaNatantra ko balatantra batAyA hai aura bala kA sadupayoga karane para bala diyA :
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________________ 262 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "nirbala-janoM ko satAne se nahIM,/bala-saMbala de bacAne se hI balavAnoM kA bala sArthaka hotA hai|" (pR. 272) 'sva' evaM 'para' kA bheda jAnanA yA use miTAnA hI jJAna hai athavA jJAna kA phala hai : "'sva' ko sva ke rUpa meM/'para' ko para ke rUpa meM jAnanA hI sahI jJAna hai, aura . 'sva' meM ramaNa karanA/sahI jJAna kA 'phl'|" (pR. 375) kumbhakAra ke dvArA asIma dayA kA kArya karAte hue AcAryajI likhate haiM : "hAtha kI oTa kI ora dekhane se/dayA kA darzana hotA hai, mAtra coTa kI ora dekhane se/nirdayatA uphanatI-sI lagatI hai|" (pR. 165) 'mUkamATI' rASTrIya kAvya hai / rASTrIya jIvana ke sabhI tattvoM kI vyAkhyA isameM huI hai / bhAratIya samAja ke udAtta, anudAtta tattvoM ko dekhA, parakhA gayA hai aura unako pariSkRta kara sahI dizA dene kA Adeza/nirdeza diyA gayA bhAratIya saMskRti, sabhyatA kI gaurava-gAthA isameM varNita hai| 'mUkamATI' mUlata: dArzanika kAvya hai / yaha adhyAtma kAvya hai| isameM alaukika prema-kathA hai / vaha prema, jo apane Apase prema karanA sikhAtA hai / yaha AdhyAtmika prema-kAvya hai / prema-kathA meM AtmA-paramAtmA kI viraha-gAthA varNita hai| parantu yaha sUphI santoM kI viraha-vyathA gAthA nahIM hai| yaha AdhyAtmika viraha-gAthA hai, jisake bIja hameM kabIra ke dulahina gAvahu maMgalacAra' aura 'nainoM kI kari koTharI, putalI palaMga bichAya' meM mila jAte haiN| ___ kAvya tattva ke samasta guNa isameM apanI paripUrNa avasthA meM prApta hote haiN| isa prakAra 'mUkamATI' hindI kA Adhunika mahAkAvya siddha hotA hai, jisameM prema, bhakti tathA adhyAtma kA carama vikAsa huA hai| parantu laukika tattvoM kI upekSA isameM nahIM huI hai / loka-paraloka donoM ko sudhArane kA, donoM ko apane sampUrNa artha meM anubhava karane kA sandeza isameM diyA gayA hai| pRSTha 190-191 lo! pravara prakharatara... --- jaladhi ko bAra bAra bhara kara
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________________ 'mUkamATI' kI gAgara kA sAgara athAha hai ! DaoN. sukamAla jaina dharma-darzana aura AdhyAtmika cintana ke prakhyAta marmajJa AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara ne apane mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' kI prastAvanA 'mAnasa - taraMga' (pR. XXIV) meM ina bhAvoM ke sAtha apanI racanA yAtrA kA saMketa diyA hai : aura unakI isa racanA yAtrA ne jina mukta chandoM ko janma diyA hai, unameM mATI kI mUka vedanA aura AkAMkSA ko vANI milI hai, usakI upAdeyatA aura nirmalatA ko eka atyanta gahana, gambhIra, pavitra AdhAra milA hai, aura unameM mAnava-jIvana ke kaI vilakSaNa mantavyoM ko sUktiyoM meM gar3ha kara prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isakI bhAva- kathA meM kumbhakara zilpI miTTI kI dhruva aura bhavya sattA ko pahacAna kara use kUTa-chA~Ta kara nirmala aura pavitra kumbha yAnI kalaza kA rUpa detA hai| jahA~ vaha mATI maMgala pUjA- kalaza bana kara jIvana kI sArthakatA prApta karatI hai / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya cAra khaNDoM meM aneka vaicArika pravAhoM, bhAva-cAritrika saMvAdoM aura cintanazIla AdhAroM para vikasita hotA huA apanI AdhyAtmika parAkASThA para pahu~catA hai / ghaTanAoM kI vividhatA aura jIvana ke pahaluoM ko prakAzita karanevAle sAMsArika, bhautika aura sAMskRtika tattvoM meM gu~thI huI yaha adhyAtma - kathA pAThaka ko prArambha se samApti taka bA~dhe rakhatI hai, aura jaba taka pAThaka antima chanda taka nahIM pahu~ca jAtA hai, taba taka usakI Atmika kautUhalatA banI rahatI hai ki vastutaH yaha vicAra - krama kisa rUpa meM pahu~ca kara samApti kA saMketa banatA hai / mATI kI AdhyAtmika aura bhautika yAtrA pahale khaNDa meM piNDa rUpa meM kaMkara kaNoM se milI-julI avasthA se calatI huI kumbhakAra kI kalpanA mATI ke maMgala ghaTa taka calatI hai aura hameM jIvana ke kucha pahaluoM se paricita karAtI huI kahatI hai : O D aura isa krama O * mar3hiyA jI (jabalapura) meM / dvitIya vAcanA kA kAla thA sRjana kA atha huA aura / nayanAbhirAma - nayanAgiri meM / pUrNa patha huA samavasaraNa mandira banA / jaba gajaratha huA " : 0 " bahanA hI jIvana hai|" (pR. 2) 64 patha para calatA hai/ satpatha - pathika vaha mur3akara nahIM dekhatA / tana se bhI, mana se bhI / " (pR. 3) " jaisI saMgati milatI hai / vaisI mati hotI hai mati jaisI, agrima gati / milatI jAtI milatI jaatii...|" (pR. 8) .. cintaka vidvAn isa khaNDa meM jIvana ke jina vilakSaNa pahaluoM ko sUktibaddha karate haiM, unakI kucha jhalaka ina chandoM meM milatI hai : " sattA zAzvata hotI hai, beTA !/ prati- sattA meM hotI haiM anagina sambhAvanAyeM / utthAna - patana kI / " (pR. 7) " parvata kI talahaTI se bhI / hama dekhate haiM ki / uttuMga zikhara kA darzana hotA hai, / parantu / caraNoM kA prayoga kiye binA
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________________ 264 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA zikhara kA sparzana/sambhava nahIM hai !" (pR.10) 0 "svastha-praur3ha puruSa bhI kyoM na ho ___ kAI-lage pASANa para/pada phisalatA hI hai !"(pR.11) 'mUkamATI' kI nirmANa-kathA ke isa khaNDa meM hameM jIvana ko eka cAritrika U~cAI dene ke lie kaI sUktisandeza milate haiM, jinheM Aja ke sandarbha meM sIpa ke motI kahA jA sakatA hai, jaise : 0 "asatya kI sahI pahacAna hI/satya kA avadhAna hai, beTA!" (pR.9) 0 "AsthA ke binA rAstA nahIM/mUla ke binA cUla nhiiN|" (pR.10) - "kisI kArya ko sampanna karate samaya anukUlatA kI pratIkSA karanA/sahI puruSArtha nahIM hai|" (pR.13) 0 "duHkha kI vedanA meM/jaba nyUnatA AtI hai duHkha bhI sukha-sA lagatA hai|" (pR. 18) adhyAtma ke athAha sAgara meM chipe hue ina motiyoM ko sAmane lAne ke lie hameM mahAkAvya ke chandoM kI, bhAvanAoM kI eka-eka paMkti ko mananapUrvaka samajhanA par3atA hai aura anubhUta karanA par3atA hai-ina bAnagiyoM ke samAna : - "ati ke binA/iti se sAkSAtkAra sambhava nahIM/aura/iti ke binA atha kA darzana asambhava !/artha yaha huA ki/pIr3A kI ati hI pIr3A kI iti hai/aura/pIr3A kI iti hI/sukha kA atha hai|" (pR.33) 0 "vAsanA kA vilAsa/moha hai,/dayA kA vikAsa/mokSa hai eka jIvana ko burI taraha/jalAtI hai."/bhayaMkara hai, aMgAra hai ! eka jIvana ko pUrI taraha/jilAtI hai""/zubhaMkara hai, zRMgAra hai|" (pR.38) pahale khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' meM aise dhArApravAha vicAroM ke sAtha mATI aura dharatI mA~ ke bIca ke saMvAda, kumbhakAra ke Agamana, miTTI ke khanana aura vahana, saMzodhana aura vivecana ke sAtha hama bhautika vizva ke kucha dukhada pahaluoM se hokara bhI guz2arate haiM, jinake bAre meM AcAryazrI kahate haiM : "aba to/astroM, zastroM, vastroM/aura kRpANoM para bhI 'dayA-dharma kA mUla hai'/likhA milatA hai... kahA~ taka kaheM aba !/dharma kA jhaNDA bhI/DaNDA bana jAtA hai zAstra zastra bana jAtA hai/avasara pAkara / " (pR. 73) aura yaha kaTu satya : " 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam'/isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai 'vasu' yAnI dhana-dravya/'dhA' yAnI dhAraNa karatA/Aja dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai/dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kaa|" (pR. 82)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 265 mahAkAvya kA dUsarA khaNDa hai- 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nhiiN'| isameM mATI kumbha ke rUpa meM sRjanakriyA se gujaratI hai, kaccA ghaTa banatI hai aura bhAvanAoM kI mArmika abhivyakti ke sAtha aneka AyAmoM meM aMkita hotI hai| isameM hI nava rasoM ko sAMketika rUpa se nava paribhASita kiyA gayA hai aura batAyA gayA hai ki jahA~ uccAraNa mAtra 'zabda' hai, usakA sampUrNa artha samajhanA 'bodha' aura isa bodha ko anubhUti meM, AcaraNa meM utAranA 'zodha' hai| zabdoM aura rasoM se sRjita vicAra isI krama meM Ate haiM : 0 "kama balavAle hI/kambalavAle hote haiM aura kAma ke dAsa hote haiN|" (pR. 92) 0 "puruSa prakRti se/yadi dUra hogA nizcita hI vaha/vikRti kA pUra hogA / " (pR. 93) "badale kA bhAva vaha dala-dala hai/ki jisameM/bar3e-bar3e baila hI kyA, bala-zAlI gaja-dala taka/burI taraha phaMsa jAte haiM / " (pR. 97) 0 "kabhI kabhI zUla bhI/adhika komala hote haiM/..phUla se bhI/aura kabhI kabhI phUla bhI/adhika kaThora hote haiM/..'zUla se bhI / " (pR. 99) 0 "dama sukha hai, sukha kA srota/mada duHkha hai, sukha kI mauta !" (pR. 102) adhyAtma yahA~ bhI AtmA ke sAtha-sAtha calatA hai aura aisI anubhUtiyA~ detA hai, jinheM saralatA ke sAtha Aja ke jIvana se bhI jor3A jA sakatA hai| udAharaNa prastuta haiM : 0 "apane ko chor3akara/para-padArtha se prabhAvita honA hI moha kA pariNAma hai/aura/saba ko chor3akara apane Apa meM bhAvita honA hI/mokSa kA dhAma hai !" (pR. 109-110) "AsthA ke binA AcaraNa meM/Ananda AtA nahIM, A sakatA nhiiN| phira,/AsthAvAlI sakriyatA hI/niSThA kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 120) 0 "guNI ke Upara coTa karane para/guNoM para prabhAva par3atA hI hai|" (pR. 125) 0 "duHsvara ho yA susvara/sAre svara nazvara haiN|" (pR. 143) AdhyAtmika anubhUtiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha isa khaNDa kI eka aura mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA hai Adhunika paristhitiyoM para zAlIna vyaMgya aura jIvana ke azAntigata tathA svArthapUrNa pahaluoM para tIkhe vicAra, jinakI abhivyakti ina udAharaNoM meM hotI hai : 0 "vIra-rasa ke sevana karane se/turanta mAnava-khUna/khUba ubalane lagatA hai kAbU meM AtA nahIM vaha/dUsaroM ko zAnta karanA to dUra, zAnta mAhaula hI khaulane lagatA hai/jvaalaamukhii-sm|"(pR.131) "Ana patha dikhAne vAloM ko/patha dikha nahIM rahA hai, mA~! kAraNa vidita hI hai-/jise patha dikhAyA jA rahA hai vaha svayaM patha para calanA cAhatA nahIM,/auroM ko calAnA cAhatA hai aura/ina cAlAka, cAlakoM kI saMkhyA anagina hai|" (pR. 152)
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________________ 266 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA aura ina sabake bIca jIvana kI sArthakatA ke prati prazna karate hue ye vicAra : - "kauna kisa ke lie-/dhana jIvana ke lie/yA jIvana dhana ke lie ? mUlya kisakA/tana kA yA vetana kA,/jar3a kA yA cetana kA ?" (pR. 180 ) 0 "sonA to tulatA hai/so atulanIya nahIM hai/aura tulA kabhI tulatI nahIM hai/so atulanIya rahI hai paramArtha tulatA nahIM kabhI/artha kI tulA meM artha ko tulA banAnA/arthazAstra kA artha hI nahIM jAnanA hai / " (pR. 142) vicAra-pravAha kI yaha dizA mATI ke gAgara para kucha zubha saMketoM aura saMkhyAoM ke aMkana taka pahu~catI hai| aura taba AtA hai saMkhyAoM ke AdhyAtmika-vaicArika vizleSaNa kA yaha krama : 0 "saMsAra 99 kA cakkara hai/yaha kahAvata caritArtha hotI hai|" (pR. 167) 0 "kumbha ke kaNTha para/eka saMkhyA aura aMkita hai,/vaha hai 63 jo purANa-puruSoM kI/smRti dilAtI hai hameM |/is kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki chaha ke mukha ko/tIna dekha rahA hai/aura tIna ko sammukha dikha rahA chaha !/eka-dUsare ke sukha-duHkha meM/paraspara bhAga lenA sajjanatA kI pahacAna hai, aura/auroM ke sukha ko dekha, jalanA auroM ke duHkha ko dekha, khilanA/durjanatA kA sahI lakSaNa hai|" (pR. 168) aura yadi yahI 63 kA aMka bana jAtA hai 36 kA AMkar3A taba : "tIna aura chaha ina donoM kI dizA/eka-dUsare ke viparIta hai| vicAroM kI vikRti hI/AcAroM kI prakRti ko ulaTI karavaTa dilAtI hai|/klh-sNghrss chir3a jAtA hai prspr|" (pR. 168) aba hama pahu~cate haiM tIsare khaNDa 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' kI vicAradhArA meM, jisameM kumbhakAra dvArA mATI kI vikAsa-kathA ke mAdhyama se puNya karma karane se utpanna zreyaskara upalabdhi kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai / isa khaNDa meM sRjana aura nirmANa kI prakriyA meM Ane vAle vyavadhAnoM ko prabhAvazAlI sAMketika zailI meM abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai| dRr3hapratijJa prayAsa isa sthiti meM bhI anukUlatA utpanna karatA hai / kumbha apanI sampUrNatA kI ora bar3hatA jAtA hai| isa khaNDa meM vividha vicArakramoM kA, sAMketika ghaTanAoM kA, pRthvI ke vibhinna jar3a-ajar3a tattvoM kA anUThA mizraNa hai, aura inake bIca ubharatA huA eka citra dRzya vizeSa rUpa se AkarSita karatA hai, jisameM mahilA varga ke viSaya meM atyanta sammAnita bhAva vyakta hai : 0 "jo/maha yAnI maMgalamaya mAhaula,/mahotsava jIvana meM lAtI hai 'mahilA' kahalAtI vaha / " (pR.202) 0 "anAgata kI AzAoM se/pUrI taraha haTAkara/ 'aba' yAnI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 267 Agata- vartamAna meM lAtI hai / abalA' kahalAtI hai vaha !" (pR.203) 0 " 's' yAnI sama-zIla saMyama/'trI' yAnI tIna artha haiM / dharma, artha, kAma-puruSArthoM meM/puruSa ko kuzala-saMyata banAtI hai so 'strI' kahalAtI hai|" (pR.205) isa pravAha meM kucha aura cintana sAmane AtA hai : "Avazyaka avasara para/sajjana-sAdhu puruSoM ko bhI, Aveza-Avega kA Azraya lekara hI/kArya karanA par3atA hai| anyathA,/sajjanatA dUSita hotI hai/durjanatA pUjita hotI hai|" (pR.225) aura antima-cauthe khaNDa 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' meM vilakSaNa AdhyAtmikatA-AdhunikatA kA saMgama hai| vistRta kathA-phalaka meM aneka prasaMga samA gae haiM aura kumbha ke tapane-parakhane se lekara svarNa kalaza ke vikalpa meM usake zraddhApUrNa upayoga ke kathA-binduoM se Age AdhyAtmikatA aura AdhunikatA ke sAgara meM pAtroM kI kaSTapUrNakaSTamukti abhivyaMjanA zabdAtIta hai aura vartamAna se kahIM-kahIM bahuta hI spaSTa rUpa se jur3a jAtI hai| adhyAtmavAda se bhautikavAda kA sAmanA aura samApana atyanta rocaka aura kahIM-kahIM romAMcaka ho jAtA hai / isa khaNDa meM jIvana ke kucha guNoM kI atyanta sAragarbhita mImAMsA kI gaI hai, jinake kucha udAharaNa prastuta haiM : 0 "apanI kasauTI para apane ko kasanA/bahuta sarala hai, para sahI-sahI nirNaya lenA bahuta kaThina hai,/kyoMki, apanI A~khoM kI lAlI/apane ko nahIM dikhatI hai|" (pR. 276) "ziSToM para anugraha karanA/sahaja-prApta zakti kA sadupayoga karanA hai, dharma hai|/aur,/dussttoN kA nigraha nahIM karanA zakti kA durupayoga karanA hai, adharma hai|" (pR.276-277) aura aba hama isI khaNDa meM pahu~cate haiM, Adhunika sandarbha meM gambhIra vicAroM ke tAratamya meM, jinameM vyApArika guNadoSa, AdhunikatA, padalolupatA, svAsthya, AtaMkavAda aura ina saba parezAniyoM se jur3e hue anya aneka vicAroM ke sAgara se hamArA mana gujaratA hai : 0 "bhUkha do prakAra kI hotI hai/eka tana kI, eka mana kI / tana kI tanika hai, prAkRtika bhI,/mana kI mana jAne kitanA pramANa hai usakA!/vaikArika jo rahI, vaha bhUkha hI kyA, bhUta hai bhayaMkara!"(pR. 328) "yaha bAta nizcita hai ki/mAna ko TIsa pahu~cane se hI, AtaMkavAda kA avatAra hotA hai |/ati-possnn yA atizoSaNa kA bhI yahI pariNAma hotA hai|" (pR. 418)
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________________ 268 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA AdhyAtmika cintana kI parAkASThA para pahu~cakara yaha kAvyakRti zAnti, ahiMsA, samAnatA kA mahAn sandeza detI hai, jinheM ina vilakSaNa zabdoM meM vyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai : "vizva kA tAmasa A bhara jAya / koI cintA nahIM, kintu, viloma bhAva se/ yAnI / tAmasa sama MtA N M!''(pR. 284) : yaha hai AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara ke mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' para merI eka vinamra dRSTi / lekina yaha kahA~ le sakatI hai usakI thAha ! kyoMki 'mUkamATI' kI gAgara kA sAgara athAha hai, jise inhIM cintaka kI vANI meM kahA jAe to " agara sAgara kI ora / dRSTi jAtI hai, / guru-gArava-sA kalpa-kAla vAlA lagatA hai sAgara; / agara lahara kI ora dRSTi jAtI hai, alpa-kAla vAlA lagatA hai sAgara // eka hI vastu / aneka bhaMgoM meM bhaMgAyita hai aneka raMgoM meM raMgAyita hai, taraMgAyita !" (pR. 146 ) ' aura merI vinamra dRSTi bhI zAyada yahI kucha dekha pAI hai ! ['dharmayuga' (sAptAhika), mumbaI, mahArASTra, 17 sitambara, 1989] jaba pRSTha 189 kabhI dharA para dharatI ke vaibhava ko le gayA hai hai ! D
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________________ naI kavitA kA prathama mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' pro. jIvitarAma kA. setapAla bhArata kI sAMskRtika dharohara haiM hamAre RSi-muni, tapasvI, santa aura mahAtmA / santa-mahAtmAoM aura RSi-muniyoM kI yahA~ eka lambI paramparA rahI hai| bhArata ke dhArmika, sAmAjika, zaikSaNika evaM rAjanItika jIvana meM isa paramparA kA bar3A mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai / sadiyoM se bhAratIya janamAnasa ko inakI vicAradhArA prabhAvita karatI rahI hai| hamAre ye santa mahAtmA bar3e hI jJAnI, dhyAnI, vicAraka evaM samAja ke hitakAraka rahe haiM / inake tapa tyAga, jJAna-dhyAna ke Age vizva kI mahAn hastiyA~ bhI apanA sira jhukAtI rahI haiN| sikandara ne jaba apane guru se pUchA ki vaha unake lie bhArata varSa se kyA lAe ? uttara meM guru ne kahA thA : "mere liye bhArata varSa se eka santa mahAtmA le AnA / " santa paramparA meM jaina muniyoM kA eka viziSTa sthAna hai| jaina muni tapa-tyAga, zAnti, ahiMsA vrata kA pAlana to karate hI the, sAtha-sAtha adhyayanarata bhI rahA karate the / unhoMne apane jJAna ko lipibaddha kiyA thA aura apane vicAroM ko likha kara samAja ke sAmane rakhA thA / Adhunika yuga bhI isase bhinna nahIM hai / isake sAkSI * jaina muni AcArya vidyAsAgara aura unakI 'mUkamATI' / vAdoM ke ghere se nikala kara chAyAvAda, pragativAda, prayogavAda, naI kavitA, akavitA, Thosa kavitA, hAzie kI kavitA Adi ke cakkara se phisalakara jaba kavitA sirpha zuddha kavitA raha gaI hai, aise samaya meM sAhitya ke kSetra meM 'mUkamATI' kA padArpaNa sukhada Azcarya hai, manonukUla hai| Azcarya karane ke kAraNa haiM - eka to Adhunika kAla meM kAvya ke prati logoM kI ruci dina-pratidina ghaTatI jA rahI hai| mAtra gine-cune logoM kI hI kavitAe~ chapatI haiM athavA kavi svayaM paisA dekara chpvaae| isa vyApArika yuga meM sAhitya hI upekSita ho gayA hai, phira kavitA kA kyA kahanA ! lekina isakA mahattva kama nahIM hai ! dUsarA Azcarya hai yaha utkRSTa kRti muni ke kara kamaloM dvArA sRSTa hai, jo vartamAna yuga ke lie vAMchanIya hai / AdyopAnta par3ha jAne ke bAda, 'mUkamATI' meM piroI gaI sUkSma taraMgoM meM avagAhana karane para yaha bhAvanAoM aura vicAroM kA sAgara lagatI hai| sudhI samIkSaka yadi isa kRti ko pUrvAgraha rahita hokara par3heMge to nizcaya hI AcArya vidyAsAgara ke isa mahAsAgara se hIre-motI pA jaaeNge| isa kRti kA jo kathya hai, jo uddezya hai, vaha Aja ke azAnta samAja aura asantuSTa jIvana ke lie upayukta hai / : 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha, 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM, 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' tathA 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' - ina cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta 'mUkamATI' kI sUkSma kathA kA tAnA-bAnA mAnoM rezama ke dhAgoM se bunA gayA hai, jo ghRta evaM makhamala - sA snigdha va sukomala hai aura jisakI mATI mUka hote hue bhI mukhara hai| isa dalita, upekSita miTTI ko sAmAnya jIvana meM koI mahattva nahIM miltaa| ise tuccha mAna kara sabhI rauMdate hue cale jAte haiM / hama saba isI miTTI kI upaja haiM, phira bhI isa bAta ko hama bhUla jAte haiN| eka kavi yAda bhI dilAtA hai : "pA~ca tattva kA putalA mAnava / sUrata nyArI-nyArI, koI ujalA, koI gorA / bahuraMgI saMsArI, tU kAhe bheda kare ? / mATI, naye-naye rUpa !" 'mUkamATI' kA kavi santa kabIra kI paramparA ko hI Age bar3hAte hue apanI mATI ko adhika mukharita rUpa se
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________________ 270 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA prastuta karatA hai / kabIra kI mATI dekhie kyA kahatI hai : "mATI kahe kumhAra se, tU kyA rU~deM mohi / ika dina aisA AyagA, maiM radUMgI tohi // " kabIra kI mATI to rauMdane kI bAta karatI hai, jisameM eka prakAra se badale kI bhAvanA hai, lekina AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI mATI aise kusaMskAroM se mukta hai / vaha to apane Apa zrama se, tapa-tyAga se, sAdhanA-ArAdhanA se U~cA uTha kara, maMgala kalaza bana kara jana-kalyANa ke lie tatpara ho jAtI hai| yahI mATI kA caramotthAna bhI hai| ___Ajakala samAja meM pAnI ko bhI Aga laga cukI hai, ata: hiMsA aura mAra-kATa ke isa yuga meM 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kI bhAvanA na jAne kahA~ tirohita ho gaI hai ? cAroM tarapha asurakSA kA vAtAvaraNa, bekArI, bhukhamarI, asantoSa banA huA hai| IrSyA-dveSa, chala-kapaTa kI A~dhiyA~ manuSya ko bAvalA banAe de rahI haiN| manuSya, manuSyatva se haTa kara pazuvat bana kara raha gayA hai| jaba samAja tathA rASTra meM phUTa aura hiMsA kI Aga dhU-dhU kara jala rahI hai, aise samaya meM satya, ahiMsA evaM zAnti kA sambandha lekara yaha kRti AI hai| IrSyA-dveSa ko miTA kara, 'sAdA jIvana-ucca vicAra'kA uddezya lekara isane sAdhanA kA bigula bajAyA hai, yaha sAmAnya bAta nahIM hai ! sabase bar3I vizeSatA isa kRti kI yahI hai ki yaha sArA sandeza, uddiSTa, hameM zikSA-dIkSA yA upadezoM ke mAdhyama se nahIM milatA aura na hI hameM jo koI bhI AjJA hI detA hai, yaha isa kati kI kathA meM Ae pAtroM dvArA mukharita hotA hai athavA kAvya meM vyaMjita hotA hai, isIlie pAThakoM ko akharatA nahIM aura vaha aisI kRti kA svAgata karatA hai / vartamAna avamUlyana ke samaya meM mAnava-mUlya ko unnata dizA dene rUpa isa kRti kA uddezya ati samIcIna hai / isa samaya isakI upayuktatA samAdaraNIya hai| janasaMkhyA kI betahAzA va asantulita vRddhi ke anupAta meM srotoM kI utanI vRddhi nahIM huii| abhAvoM kI saMkulatA mAnava-mana va cintana meM isa prakAra ghula-mila gaI hai ki usane Aja ke vyakti ko svArthI, luTerA va Atmakendrita kara diyA hai / kala ke lie saMgraha karane kI pravRtti meM vigraha kara baiThatA hai, vaha bhI parAyoM se nahIM, apanoM se / apanoM ko hI burI taraha se iMsatA hai| Aja kA manuSya aba manuSya nahIM rahA, insAna bhI insAna nahIM rahA / isI bAta se pIr3ita hokara urdU ke eka zAyara ne isa vaijJAnika pragati ke pariNAmasvarUpa insAna ke hrAsa ko kucha isa prakAra kahA hai : "bahuta kucha ho rahA hai isa tarakkI ke z2amAne meM magara yaha kyA gaz2aba hai AdamI insA~ nahIM hotaa|" jisa yuga meM insAna apanI insAniyata kho baiThA ho, mAnava apanI mAnavatA kho baiThA ho, manuSya apanI manuSyatA kho baiThA ho, usa yuga meM jo kRti manuSyatA kI ora hamArA dhyAna AkarSita kare, vaha spRhaNIya hai aura vaha kRtikAra vandanIya / isIlie 'mUkamATI' kA avataraNa aucitya ke dharAtala para kharA utaratA hai evaM 'mUkamATI' kA kavi-karma zlAghya hai| samAja ko bahuta kucha utkRSTa dene ke lie khuda ko miTAnA par3atA hai / aindriya sukha kA tyAga athavA usa para niyantraNa Avazyaka hai / dUsaroM ko sukha dene ke lie apane daihika sukhoM, sAMsArika sukhoM kA saMvaraNa to karanA hI par3atA hai / yaha mahAn karma apane Apa meM sAdhanA hai, tapasyA hai / yaha sabhI logoM ke basa kI bAta nahIM hai / kabIra kI bhASA meM: "jo ghara jArai Apano calai hamAre saath|" urdU ke bhI eka zAyara ne kahA hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 271 "miTA de apanI hastI agara kucha martabA cAhe ki dAnA khAka meM milakara gule gulaz2Ara hotA hai|" samAja-kalyANa ke lie svayaM ko miTA denA par3atA hai| aise miTane meM amaratA chipI rahatA hai| eko'haM bahusyAm / ' saubhAgya se 'mUkamATI' ke racayitA svayaM digambara jaina dharma ke santa haiM, jinhoMne sAMsArikatA kA tyAga kara, 'bahujana-hitAya' hI yaha kavi-karma nirlipta bhAva se kiyA hai| ve svayaM kahate haiM ki apane Apako miTA denA hI prabhu ko pAnA hai / apane Apako miTAne kA artha hai - ahaM ko miTA denA / kavi kI zabda yojanA meM isa bAta ko dekheM : "tUne jo/apane Apako/patita jAnA hai laghu-tama mAnA hai/yaha apUrva ghaTanA/isalie hai ki/tUne nizcita-rUpa se/prabhu ko,/guru-tama ko/pahacAnA hai ! terI dUra-dRSTi meM/pAvana-pUta kA bimba/bimbita huA avazya !" (pR.9) vAstava meM sArA jhagar3A ahaM ke kAraNa hI uTha khar3A hotA hai / AcArya vidyAsAgara ne usI ahaM ko mArane kI bAta kahI hai| ahaM aura Izvara sAtha-sAtha nahIM calate / kahA bhI gayA hai : "jaba maiM thA, taba hari nahIM, aba hari haiM, maiM naahiN|" Izvara taka pahu~cane ke lie tathA sAMsArika vaimanasya miTAne ke lie ahaM kA tyAga karanA hI caahie| kevala ahaM kA hI nahIM, IrSyA kA bhI tyAga karanA Avazyaka hai, yadyapi vaha hai kaThina / "lo ! "idhara.!/adha-khulI kamalinI/DUbate cA~da kI cA~danI ko bhI nahIM dekhatI/A~kheM khola kara |/iirssyaa para vijaya prApta karanA sabake vaza kI bAta nhiiN|" (pR.2) kavi ne kAvya kA prArambha prakRti ko lekara hI kiyA hai| unake bimba aura citraNa utkRSTa haiN| dekhie ugate hue sUraja kA yaha citra : "bhAnu kI nidrA TUTa to gaI hai/parantu abhI vaha/leTA hai mA~ kI mArdava-goda meM,/mukha para aMcala le kara/karavaTeM le rahA hai|" (pR. 1) itanA sundara mAnavIkaraNa sUrya kA zAyada hI kisI kavi ne kiyA ho ! sAndhya velA kA citraNa aura bhI apratima "na nizAkara hai, na nizA/na divAkara hai, na divA/abhI dizAyeM bhI andhI haiM; para kI nAsA taka/isa gopanIya vArtA kI gandha/"jA nahIM sakatI! aisI sthiti meM/unake mana meM/kaise jAga sakatI hai/"durabhi-sandhi vaha!" (pR.3) zabda 'durabhi-sandhi' ne ina paMktiyoM ke artha ko dviguNita kara diyA hai / yaha kavi kI hI sUjha hai / aise hI prakRti se sambandhita aneka sumadhura evaM utkRSTa bimba, citra 'mUkamATI' meM bhare par3e haiN| pAThakagaNa jaba isa kRti ko svayaM par3heMge to ve citra unake sAmane A jaaeNge|
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________________ 272 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kavi apanI kAvya-kathA miTTI se hI prArambha karatA hai / yadyapi mATI nirjIva hai, magara kavi kI mATI yahA~ para bilakula sajIva hai / use apane kSudra astitva kA ehasAsa hai, astitvahInatA kA bodha hai / astitva hote hue bhI mATI kA apanI mA~ dharatI se isa prakAra kahanA : "svayaM patitA hU~/aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se, 'adhama pApiyoM se/pada-dalitA hU~ mA~ !" (pR. 4) kyA yaha mATI kI vinamratA nahIM? mATI pratIka hai yahA~ eka sAmAnya vyakti kI, sAdhaka kii| vinamratA usakA mUlaguNa hai / Age kI paMktiyoM meM kavi ne mATI ke mAdhyama se hI Aja ke yuga ke lagabhaga samasta mAnavoM kI pIr3A ko yukti-saMgata abhivyakti dI hai : "sukha-muktA hU~/duHkha-yuktA hU~/tiraskRta tyaktA hU~ mA~ !" (pR. 4) sacamuca Aja kA pratyeka mAnava kisI na kisI kAraNa se du:khI aura sAmAnya vyakti qadama-qadama para tiraskRta aura upekSita hotA rahatA hai / ise hama kavi kI dUradRSTi kaheM yA yugabodha kaheM- para hai satya / saMsAra meM mAyA-moha se asampRkta rahane vAlA eka santa-mahAtmA digambara jaina AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ko sAMsArika yugabodha kA samIcIna bodha hai| kavi turanta hI apane isa kAvya ke sRjana kA uddezya bhI prakaTa karavA detA hai mATI se : "isa paryAya kI/iti kaba hogI ?/isa kAyA kI cyuti kaba hogI ?/batA do, mA~ ise !" (pR. 5) kavi mukti kI kAmanA se isa zarIra se chuTakArA pAnA cAhatA hai / mukti prApta karanA, Izvaratva ko prApta karanA itanA AsAna nahIM hotA / isake lie kaThina sAdhanA, tapazcaryA karanI par3atI hai, taba jAkara vaha pada milatA hai| kavi ne isa sAdhAraNa miTTI ko kATa-chA~Takara, kaMkar3a-patthara nikAlakara, jala milAkara, Thoka-pITakara, cAka para car3hAkara, avA meM tapAkara, agni parIkSA lekara kI, taba kahIM jAkara use divya maMgala kalaza taka pahu~cAyA hai| yaha eka parokSa rUpa se mAnava mAtra ke lie saMketa hai, sandeza hai ki jaba pairoM tale rauMdI jAne vAlI kSudrA miTTI itanI U~cAI taka pahu~ca sakatI hai, taba manuSya kyoM nahIM? sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa manuSya bhI apane ahaM ko tor3akara IrSyA-dveSa, chala-kapaTa chor3akara, tapa-tyAga evaM sAdhanA se Atmonnati kara sakatA hai, antara kI jyoti jagA sakatA hai aura isI se use parama pada kI prApti bhI ho sakatI hai| pratyeka manuSya ko sAdhanA karanI caahie| parantu aisI sAdhanA karanA bhI sabake vaza kI bAta nhiiN| jo kara le jAe, vahI tara jaae| jaba aisA divya, loka maMgala kAmanA kA bhAva lie mUkamATI' hindI sAhitya gagana meM sitAre kI bhA~ti camakI hai to phira ise kyoM nahIM sUrya-candra banAkara isake prakAza ko yatra-tatra-sarvatra phailAyA jAya / 'mUkamATI' ke pAtra ___'mUkamATI' ke pAtroM ke bAre meM vistAra se kahane ke lie eka alaga se lekha likhanA par3egA, jisakA yahA~ avakAza nahIM hai| kintu saMkSipta TippaNI kie bagaira kAma nahIM calegA, kyoMki 'mUkamATI' kI kathA apane Apa meM jitanI sUkSma aura alaukika-sI hai, utane hI isa kathA ke vicitra pAtra haiN| inhIM vicitra pAtroM ke mAdhyama se 'mUkamATI' kA tAnAbAnA bunA gayA hai / ye pAtra haiM- matkuNa, bhAnu, kumudinI, sarpa, candramA, saritA, sAgara, mATI, cetanA, bAdala, kumbhakAra, zilpI, gadahA, kaMkara, kUpa, rassI, gA~Tha, rasanA, machalI, bAlaTI, mA~, kudAlI, kA~TA (zUla),
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 273 phUla, lekhanI, rasanA, Dhola, prakRti, puruSa, kAyA, mati, zravaNA, karuNA, himakhaNDa, kumbha, zvAna, siMha, dharatI, buddhi, prabhA, prabhAkara, pRthvI, rAhu, indra, babUla kI lakar3I, agni, miTTI kA ghar3A, svarNa kalaza, AtaMkavAdI dala, macchara, pavana, bijalI, paudhA, agni, sparzA, rasanA, seTha, zrIphala, gurudeva tathA santa aadi-aadi| aise aura bhI aneka pAtra haiM jo kathAkrama ko Age bar3hAte haiN| sabhI pAtroM ke kathanoM kA udAharaNa denA bhI na sambhava hai aura na hI yahA~ sthAna / macchara se hama-Apa sabhI paricita haiM, macchara ko kabhI bolatA huA na dekhA hogA, magara yahA~ par3ha kara apanI jijJAsA zAnta kara lIjie : "...santoM ne/pANigrahaNa saMskAra ko/dhArmika saMskRti kA saMrakSaka evaM unnAyaka mAnA hai |/prntu kheda hai ki lobhI pApI mAnava/pANigrahaNa ko bhI/prANa-grahaNa kA rUpa dete haiN| prAya: anucita rUpa se/sevakoM se sevA lete/aura vetana kA vitaraNa bhI anucita hii|/ye apane ko batAte manu kI santAna !/mahAmanA mAnava !/dene kA nAma sunate hI inake udAra hAthoM meM/pakSAghAta ke lakSaNa dikhane lagate haiM, phira bhI, ekAdha bUMda ke rUpa meM/jo kucha diyA jAtA/yA denA par3atA vaha durbhAvanA ke sAtha hii|" (pR. 386-387) macchara svayaM samAja ke uttaradAyitva ko samajhAtA hai / macchara ke mAdhyama se daheja ke lAlacI manu kI santAna ko kavi ne phaTakArA hai| samAja meM phailI huI burAiyoM ko dUra karane ke lie lalakArA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM antarnihita vicAra __ 'mUkamATI' meM jIvana ke acche-bure pahaluoM ko aneka AyAmoM se samajhAyA gayA hai| kAvyAlaMkAroM ke sAtha sarala, sahaja, muhAvaredAra bhASA kI madhurimA se banI cAzanI ko cATate hue nimnalikhita aneka vicAroM ke darzana hama 'mUkamATI' meM kara sakeMge : _ 'mUkamATI' kA racayitA zabda-zilpI hai / prAkRtika upAdAnoM kA mAnavIkaraNa, amUrta pAtroM ko mUrta rUpa denA, nirjIva yA jar3a padArthoM ko pAtra kA svarUpa denA, manuSyetara vastuoM kA mAnavIkaraNa, bhAratIya saMskRti ke pratIka, sundara prAkRtika citraNa, tukoM kA anUThA sAmaMjasya, AdhunikatA ke aneka dRzya, zrama para bala, sAdhanA kI mahattA, saMskRta kI uktiyoM kA prayoga, muhAvare-kahAvatoM kA jyoM-kA-tyoM prayoga, saMsAra kI vyarthatAoM kA niSedha, pragatizIla vicAradhArA ke tattva, sUkSma vizleSaNa, apratima bimba yojanA, sAdhanA ke stara kI carcA, sUkSma nirIkSaNa, ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko bala, AdhyAtmika unnati para yoga-sAdhanA dvArA bala, mAnavatA ke mUlyoM kI udghoSaNA, aneka paribhASAe~, alaMkAroM kA prayoga- vizeSakara anuprAsa, vijJAna kA Adhunikatama jJAna, AyurvedIya jJAna, sAhitya kI vyAkhyA jaisI aneka vyAkhyAe~, zAnti kA sandeza, zabdoM kI vyAkhyAe~, loka maMgala kI bhAvanA, khagolIya jAnakArI, Adarza nArI citraNa (nArI, mahilA, abalA, kumArI, strI, sutA, duhitA, aMganA zabdoM kI vyAkhyA dvArA), prabhAkara-badalI aura sAgara kA rUpaka, avA ke mAdhyama se yoga-sAdhanA kA citraNa, santa pUjA evaM AtaMkavAda Adi aise viSaya haiM jina kA varNana isa kRti meM hama pAte haiN| yahA~ nizcita rUpa se inake atirikta kaI aise viSaya bhI haiM, jo chUTa gae haiN| ina sabakA yadi eka
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________________ 274 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA eka udAharaNa bhI dU~ to eka alaga se nibandha taiyAra ho jAyagA / ata: vistAra bhaya se ise yahIM chor3a rahA huuN| upasaMhAra isa lekha meM 'mUkamATI' kI sugandha kA zatAMza bhI nahIM hai / alaMkAroM se sajI, kathA-kahAnI ke rUpa meM rocaka prasaMgoM se mar3hI, sajIva, cuTIle vArtAlApoM kI lar3I, yaha kRti, apane Apa meM eka mahAn kRti hai / eka anupama upahAra hai| yaha mukta chanda meM likhI kavitA kA prathama mahAkAvya hai / 'mUkamATI' ke prakAzana se usa prazna kA uttara to pAThakoM ko va AlocakoM ko mila hI gayA ki mukta chanda meM likhA gayA mahAkAvya kahA~ hai ? isa mahAkAvya ko samajhane-samajhAne ke lie mUla kRti' se dugane AkAra kI eka aura pustaka kI AvazyakatA hai, jo 'mUkamATI' para likhI jaae| isa kRti para zodha prabandha yA laghu zodha prabandha bhI likhe jAnA caahie| sAtha hI ise bI. e., ema.e. kI kakSAoM meM bhI par3hAyA jAnA cAhie, kyoMki yaha kRti bhAratIya saMskRti evaM usakI manISA kI vAhaka hai| yaha kRti hameM adhyAtma kI U~cAiyoM ke darzana karAtI hai / mAnava mAtra ko samajhane kI buddhi detI hai| hindI, saMskRta, aMgrejI, prAkRta, apabhraMza, baMgalA, marAThI, kannar3a Adi bhASAoM ke jJAtA santa kavi AcArya vidyAsAgara ne 'mUkamATI' likha kara mAnava mAtra para upakAra kiyA hai| jitanI siddhahastatA se unhoMne ise likhA, bahuta kama sAMsArika kavi aisA kara paaeNge| kRti ko par3hate-par3hate sva. jayazaMkara prasAda kI avismaraNIya kRti 'kAmAyanI' kI yAda A jAtI hai, bhagavatI caraNa varmA kI 'citralekhA' kI yAda A jAtI hai, vRndAvana lAla varmA kI 'mRganayanI', yazapAla kI 'divyA' aura AcArya caturasena zAstrI kRta 'AmrapAlI' kI yAda A jAtI hai| yaha kRti sarvathA paThanIya aura saMgrahaNIya hai| ise vidyAlayoM, mahAvidyAlayoM, vizvavidyAlayoM, pustakAlayoM tathA saMsthAoM meM bhI honI cAhie, kyoMki isake par3hane se zAnti aura ahiMsA kI bhAvanA meM vRddhi hogI, jisase samAja meM amana-caina kA vAtAvaraNa panapegA / pRSTha 145 kisI aya meM ba~dha kara --- mukta naMgI rIta hai| - 1 -
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________________ Adhunika hindI kavitA kI zailI meM likhI gItA : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. rAjamala borA AcArya vidyAsAgara racita 'mUkamATI' kAvya vaicArika aura pratIka pradhAna hai| ise zIrSaka meM hI mahAkAvya likhA gayA hai| zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ne 'prastavana' likhA hai| ve likhate haiM : "yaha kRti adhika parimANa meM kAvya hai yA adhyAtma, kahanA kaThina hai / lekina nizcaya hI yaha hai Adhunika jIvana kA abhinava zAstra / aura, jisa prakAra zAstra kA zraddhApUrvaka svAdhyAya karanA hotA hai, guru se jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna prApta karanA hotA hai, usI prakAra isakA adhyayana aura manana adbhuta sukha aura santoSa degA, aisA vizvAsa hai / " (prastavana, pR. XVII) do bAteM lakSmIcandrajI batalAte haiM : (1) Adhunika jIvana kA abhinava zAstra aura (2) zAstra kA zraddhApUrvaka svAdhyAya / inake sAtha kAvya kI phalazruti bhI unhoMne batalA dI hai| yoM 'mUkamATI'kA bAnA kAvya kA hai kintu vAstava meM vaha zAstra hI hai / yoM bhagavad gItA ke kucha lakSaNa isameM milate haiM kintu isakI yojanA meM gItAjaisI bAta nahIM hai / lakSmIcandra jaina Adhunika jIvana kA abhinavazAstra'kahate haiN| maiM kahatA hU~- 'Adhunika gItA' / kezavadAsa ne bhI gItA likhI thI / use 'vijJAna gItA' kahA gyaa| kintu 'vijJAna gItA, 'bhagavad gItA' nahIM ho skii| 'mUkamATI' ko gItA ke samAna khyAti milegI yA nahIM isake uttara meM do bAteM pradhAna haiM : (1) preSaNIyatA aura (2) zraddhApUrvaka svaadhyaay| 'mUkamATI' ke samAna kAvya likhane kI hamAre deza meM lambI paramparA rahI hai| inheM hama vaicArika kaheM, pratIkAtmaka kaheM, bodhaparaka kaheM, AdhyAtmika kaheM, vijJAna paraka kaheM aura sabase pradhAna nAma 'gItA' kheN| isI paramparA meM yaha kAvya ____ vijJAna gItA'-kezavadAsa kI darabArI gItA hai| ThIka isI taraha 'mUkamATI' Adhunika hindI kavitA kI zailI meM likhI huI gItA hai| svayaM 'gItA' kI paddhati se likhI huI gItA nahIM hai / isa kAvya ko gItA kahane kA eka mAtra kAraNa yaha hai ki isameM cintana kI sAmagrI hai, jo bodha svarUpa hai aura manana karane para jIvana ke rahasya ko samajhane meM upayogI gItA kI taraha 'mUkamATI' meM saMvAda haiN| kintu 'mUkamATI' ke sabhI pAtra pratIkAtmaka haiN| unheM laukika aura aitihAsika nahIM kahA jA sktaa| pratIkAtmaka pAtra prAyaH preSaNIya nahIM hote| aise pAtroM kA sambandha jIvana se sIdhA nahIM hotaa| saba kucha AropaNa hai aura AropaNa ko mAna lo to ThIka hai / yaha to mAnanA hI huA / mAna lete haiM, taba to ThIka hai...anyathA ye saba durbodha rheNge| phira ina saba pAtroM kI saMkhyA batalAnA kaThina hai kyoMki ye sabhI pratIkAtmaka pAtra yojanAbaddha nahIM haiM / saMvAdoM meM saMvAda haiM aura yaha krama eka dUsare se sambaddha hai| 'mATI' ke 'kumbha' banane kI kathA hai kintu isameM kaI pAtra isase aise jur3a gae jo nirmANa meM yA sRjana meM sahAyaka haiN| ina sabake saMvAdoM meM bodhavRtti ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai| eka prakAra se kAvya-paThana kAvya-paThana na rahakara bauddhika kasarata kA rUpa le letA hai / Apa ko ruka-ruka kara pAtroM ko alagAnA par3egA aura taba kahIM kavi Apako kyA kahanA cAhatA hai- mAlUma hogaa| jina pAtroM ko AdhAra banAkara kavi kaha rahA hai, ve saba pratIka haiM aura pratIka to apane Apa meM cihna svarUpa hote haiN| una cihnoM kA jo bodha prApta hotA hai, vaha bodha hI pradhAna hotA hai| isa rUpa meM sArA kAvya prathama vAcana meM to kisI bhI taraha preSaNIya nahIM ho sktaa| Apa Age par3hate jAe~ge aura pIche bhUlate jaaeNge| hamArA hRdaya isa kAvya ko par3hakara prabhAvita nahIM hotA kyoMki hRdaya ke upayukta sAmagrI kAvya meM prAya: nahIM hai / Apa mAna lege, zraddhA rakheMge, taba kucha pA leM / anyathA socanA hI
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________________ 276 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA socanA hai| 'akharAvaTa par3heM, 'bAvana AkharI' par3heM yA alIpha nAmA' par3heM - ye saba aise kAvya haiM jinameM pratyeka akSara meM AdhyAtmika bodha kI bhAvanA hai| hama sabhI se kucha na kucha sIkhate haiN| usI taraha khulI A~kha se prakRti kA nirIkSaNa kareM to saba 'lAla' kI 'lAlI' hai aura Apa bhI dekhate-dekhate (bodha ho jAe to) 'lAla' ho jaaeNge| kabIra tathA sUphI kaviyoM ne isa prakAra ke kAvya likhe haiM aura isIlie AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne inako 'jJAnAzrayI zAkhA' ke kavi kahA hai| ye saba jJAnamArgI haiN| 'mUkamATI' ko isa rUpa meM jJAnamArgI kahanA ThIka hogaa| 'mUkamATI' dekhane meM Adhunika pratIta hogA / kAvya zailI Adhunika hai / chandobaddha racanA nahIM, sargabaddha bhI nahIM / pAtroM ke anusAra zIrSaka nhiiN| saMvAdoM meM pAtroM ko alagAyA nahIM gayA / saba kucha eka calate pravAha meM hai| pratIkoM kA mAnavIkaraNa kAvya meM hai, anyathA unameM saMvAda kaise hotA ? kintu mAnavIkaraNa bauddhika stara kA hai / buddhi svIkAra karane ke uparAnta hI use hRdaya meM praveza mila sakatA hai aura Adi se anta taka ke krama ko hRdaya meM utAranA sacamuca bauddhika parizrama kA kAma hai| isIlie ise preSaNIya kahane meM saMkoca hai| ___ kavi kA bhASA para acchA adhikAra hai aura zabdoM ke artha kI mImAMsA kAvya meM raMgata lAtI hai / nAma (zabda) rUpa/lakSaNa kI saMgati meM bhASA kI arthavattA ko naI jyoti milatI hai| paryAyI arthoM ke bajAya mUla artha kA vizleSaNa adhika kiyA gayA hai| akSara viparyaya/zabdAnvaya ke AdhAra para arthoM kI mImAMsA kI gaI hai / kucha udAharaNa dekheM : 0 "lAbha zabda hI svayaM/viloma rUpa se kaha rahA hai lA''bha'bha' "laa|" (pR. 87) 0 "kama balavAle hI/kambalavAle hote haiM aura/kAma ke dAsa hote haiN| hama balavAle haiM/rAma ke dAsa hote haiM aura/rAma ke pAsa sote haiN| kambala kA sambala/Avazyaka nahIM hameM/sastI sUtI-cAdara kA hI Adara karate hama !/dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki/garama caramavAle hI zIta-dharama se/bhaya-bhIta hote haiM aura/nIta-karama se/viparIta hote haiN| merI prakRti zIta-zolA hai/aura/Rtu kI prakRti bhI zIta-jholA hai donoM meM sAmya hai/tabhI to abAdhita yaha/cala rahI apanI mIta-lIlA hai|" (pR. 92-93) aise kaI udAharaNa haiN| prakRti ke upAdAnoM meM mAnavIya lakSaNa dikhalAe gae haiM aura isa taraha mAnava-prakRti kI mImAMsA kavi ne prastuta kI hai| isa mImAMsA meM jIvana-darzana hai / darzana ko kAvya ke bAne meM prastuta karane kA yaha prayAsa adbhuta hai| dArzanika dRSTi aura dhArmika dRSTi-yoM eka hI hotI hai kintu darzana to sabake lie khulA hai aura dharma ke sAtha AsthA pakSa jur3A huA hai / pustaka ko dhArmika dRSTi se par3hanevAle AsthA se par3heMge jabaki darzana kI dRSTi se par3hanevAle jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna khojeNge| isa rUpa meM dekhane para jaina dharma ko mAnane vAle pAThakoM meM aura anya dharma ko mAnane vAle pAThakoM meM bheda karanA hogA / pustaka meM jaina darzana ke pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA-vizleSaNa hai| 'mAnasa-taraMga' ke Arambha meM likhA hai : "yaha vaha sRjana hai jisakA sAttvika sAnnidhya pAkara rAgAtireka se bharapUra zRMgAra-rasa ke jIvana meM bhI vairAgya kA ubhAra AtA hai, jisameM laukika alaMkAra alaukika alaMkAroM se alaMkRta hue haiM; alaMkAra aba alaM kA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 277 anubhava kara rahA hai, jisameM zabda ko artha milA hai aura artha ko paramArtha; jisameM nUtana-zodha-praNAlI ko Alocana ke miSa, locana diye haiM; jisane sRjana ke pUrva hI hindI jagat ko apanI AbhA se prabhAvita-bhAvita kiyA hai,''... ('mAnasa taraMga', pR. XXIV) yoM sArA kAvya kavi ke 'mAnasa-taraMga' kA pariNAma hai| 'mAnasa-taraMga' ke rUpa meM likhita gadya paMktiyA~ jJAna ko lalita rUpa meM prastuta karatI haiM aura pUrA kAvya bhI isa taraha mAnasa-taraMgoM se yukta hai / ina taraMgoM kI AbhA alagaalaga rUpa meM ruka-ruka kara dekhanI hogii| inakA manana bahuta Apazyaka hai / jJAna yadi mastiSka se hRdaya meM utara Ae to use lalita honA caahie| jahA~ dimAgI kasarata adhika ho, use lalita kaise kaheM ? 'mAnasa-taraMga' jitanA (gadya rUpa meM bhI) lalita hai, usa rUpa meM kAvya lalita nahIM ho sakA hai| isa para bhI kAvya prabhAvita karatA hai / jaina darzana meM AsthA na rakhanevAle pAThaka bhI ise par3heMge to unheM jIvana ke rahasya ko samajhane meM sahAyatA milegii| lakSmIcandrajI ne 'prastavana' likhA hai| maiMne jo kucha likhA hai, vaha eka sAmAnya pAThaka ke nAte likhA hai / ise mahAkAvya kahakara isake mahattva ko kama nahIM karanA hai aura na hI ise laukika kAvyoM kI zreNI meM rakhanA hai| kAvya ke vicAra udAtta haiM aura ve sabako apanI-apanI pahacAna bar3hAne meM sahAyaka haiN| peSTha143 spara saMgIta kA prANa hai --- he derin| he zilpin / "
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________________ 'mUkamATI' meM yuga-spandana rAjendra paToriyA 'mUkamATI' AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara dvArA racita mahAkAvya hai / bhAratIya jJAnapITha ne isakA prathama saMskaraNa 1988 meM prakAzita kiyA hai / sundara mukhapRSTha para Upara bAdaloM kI gaharI va halkI nIlI aura zveta AbhA hai, nIce gahare aura halke pIle raMga kI mATI hai / isa pRSThabhUmi para eka maMgala kalaza rakhA huA hai, jo mUkamATI kI mUka sAdhanA kI pariNati hai / sundara mukhapRSTha ke atirikta cAroM khaNDoM meM sArthaka citra die haiN| prathama khaNDa kA citra cakrAkAra gatiyoM se banA hai| dUsare khaNDa meM maMgala kalaza ke sAtha anubhUti kI A~kheM citrita haiN| tIsare khaNDa 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' meM jala meM jala se bhinna kamala aMkita hai| aura cauthe khaNDa meM agni kI lapaTeM aura cA~dI-sI rAkha ke Dhera kA citrAMkana mahAkAvya kI pRSTha saMkhyA 488 hai| isake sAtha zrI lakSmIcandra jaina kA prastavana' hai, jo kRti kA paricaya bhI detA hai aura kRti kA yathArtha stavana bhI karatA hai / yaha prastavana mahAkAvya ke bhAla para bindI kI taraha suzobhita hai / kavi kA kRti ke viSaya meM Atmakathya 'mAnasa taraMga' ke rUpa meM hai, jisake anusAra sRSTikartA Izvara kI mAnyatA ke nirAkaraNa jaise mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana ke sAtha dhArmika, zaikSaNika, sAmAjika kurItiyoM kA nirAkaraNa va vItarAga zramaNa saMskRti kI surakSA kRti kA pAvana prayojana hai| 'mUkamATI' Adhunika yuga kI eka mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi hai / kAvya ke AvaraNa meM lipaTe hue darzanapakSa ke atirikta isa kAvya kA eka aura pakSa hai-yuga-sandarbha kA, yuga-spandana kaa| merI dRSTi meM 'mUkamATI' z2amIna se jur3e logoM kI pratIka hai, pada-dalitoM kI pratIka hai| mATI yugoM-yugoM se parivartanoM ko dekha rahI hai, jhela rahI hai| sarvasahA dharatI kI putrI mATI padadalita hokara bhI sabake jIvana kA AdhAra banI huI hai / vaha anna, auSadhi, IMdhana, Azraya, chAyA kyA nahIM detI ? usake bAda bhI tuccha, akiMcana samajhI jAkara padadalita hotI hai / isa mATI ke carama bhavya rUpa ke darzana isa kRti meM hote haiN| ___ mAnasika tanAva isa yuga kI dena hai / isa samasyA kA samAdhAna hai-dRr3ha saMkalpa se zrama karanA, vikalpoM se dUra rahanA / kumbhakAra aisA hI kuzala zilpI hai, jo bikharI mATI ko nAnA rUpa pradAna karatA hai| vaha avikalpI hai, vyartha ke saMkalpa-vikalpoM meM jhUlatA nahIM hai, isIlie tanAva kA bhAra kabhI usake mastiSka meM Azraya nahIM pAtA / dRr3ha saMkalpa se apanA kartavya karatA hai, isalie karavaMcanA jaise doSoM se dUra hai / apanI saMskRti ko vikRta hone se bacAe hue hai aura isIlie vaha tanAvamukta hai / ahaMkAra ko tyAga kara kartavyaniSThA se kAma karatA hai / vastuta: kartavyaniSThA kA abhAva hamAre deza kI bhraSTAcAra se bhI bar3I samasyA hai| vizeSata: sarakArI mahakamoM meM akarmaNyatA kA sAmrAjya hai| vetana vAle vatana kI ora kaba dhyAna de pAte haiM ? isIlie koI kAma samaya para nahIM hotA / janasAdhAraNa ko isa vilamba se aneka kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| mATI una garIboM kI pratinidhi hai, jinakI kuTiyA bAriza meM thor3e se hI pAnI se TapakatI hai, z2amIna meM gaDDhe par3a jAte haiN| inakA ghara hI nahIM, sArA jIvana hI A~suoM se bhIgA hai : "amIroM kI nahIM/garIboM kI bAta hai;/koThI kI nahIM kuTiyA kI bAta hai/...isa jIvana-bhara/ronA hI ronA huA hai|" (pR. 32) doharA caritra yA mAyAcAritA mAnavIya AcaraNa kI eka aura durbalatA hai / bagulAbhaktoM ne isa duniyA ko khUba chalA hai : "bAharI likhAvaTa-sI/bhItarI likhAvaTa/mAla mila jAye,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 279 phira kahanA hI kyA !" (pR.72) visaMgatiyA~ dharma ke kSetra meM bhI phailI huI haiM / avasaravAditA vyakti, samAja evaM rAjanIti ke sAtha dharma meM bhI vyApta hai: "kahA~ taka kaheM aba !/dharma kA jhaNDA bhI/DaNDA bana jAtA hai zAstra zastra bana jAtA hai/avasara paakr|" (pR. 73) Aja bhAratIya samAja meM bhI pada aura paise kA anucita mahattva bar3ha gayA hai| aisA lagatA hai mAnoM dhana jIvana ke lie nahIM, apitu jIvana hI dhana ke lie hai : " "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam"/isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai 'vasu' yAnI dhana-dravya/'dhA' yAnI dhAraNa karanA/Aja dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai/dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kaa|" (pR. 82) ___ sAgara ne dharatI kA dhana haraNa kiyaa| candramA ko ghUsa dI, parantu nyAya-patha kA pathika sUrya usakA virodha karatA rhaa| ghUsakhora, bhraSTAcArI, paradhanalampaTa logoM ke lie aise ImAnadAra loga rAha kA kA~TA bana jAte haiN| ve unheM apanI ora milAne kA bharasaka prayatna karate haiN| pahale samajhAte haiM, lAlaca dete haiM aura nahIM mAnane para rAste se haTA dete haiM yA haTavA dete haiM / sAgara kA pakSadhara bAdala sUrya ko samajhAtA hai ki sAgara kA pakSa grahaNa kara le aura : "kara le anugraha apane para,/aura,/sukha-zAnti-yaza kA saMgraha kara ! avasara hai,/avasara se kAma le/aba, sara se kAma le !" (pR. 231) sacamuca aise haThI ImAnadAra loga Aja kI dhUrta duniyA ko mUrkha naz2ara Ate haiN| apane lakSya ko hAsila karane ke lie kevala upAya hI paryApta nahIM, vighnoM kA upazamana bhI anivArya hai : "upAya kI upasthiti ho/paryApta nahIM,/upAdeya kI prApti ke lie apAya kI anupasthiti bhI anivArya hai| aura vaha anAyAsa nahIM, prayAsa-sAdhya hai|" (pR. 230) aura isa vighna ko haTAne ke lie sAgara ne rAhu ko bhar3akAyA / Apake sammukha manamAnI karatA hai sUrya / dharatI kI sevA ke bahAne ApakA upahAsa karatA hai / sAgara kevala dhanalobhI luTerA hI nahIM, dhanasaMcaya ke lie hara prakAra ke hathakaNDe apanAne vAlA Adhunika dhanI hai| rAhu kI cATukAritA kara usase apanI svArthasiddhi karatA hai| yAna meM bhara-bhara kara jhilamila-jhilamila anaginata nidhiyA~ rAhu ke ghara pahu~cAtA hai| rAhu kA ghara anudyama prApta amApa nidhi se bhara jAtA hai, aura mastiSka viSa-sI viSama pApanidhi se| samudra ke bahAne para-sampadA ko haraNa karane vAle vyakti kI ora saMketa hai : "para-sampadA haraNa kara saMgraha karanA/moha-mUrchA kA atireka hai / yaha ati nimna-koTi kA karma hai/sva-para ko satAnA hai, nIca-narakoM meM jA jIvana bitAnA hai|" (pR. 189) Aja artha kI bhUkha ne bar3oM-bar3oM ko nirlajja banAyA hai :
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________________ 280 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "yaha kaTu-satya hai ki/artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatI, artha kI lipsA ne bar3oM-bar3oM ko/nirlajja banAyA hai|" (pR. 192) isI kAraNa zAsanatantra bhI dhanatantra bana gayA hai, phalata: yahA~ niraparAdhI hI piTate haiM : "prAya: aparAdhI-jana baca jAte/niraparAdha hI piTa jAte,/aura unheM pITate-pITate TUTatI hm|/ise hama gaNatantra kaise kaheM ? yaha to zuddha 'dhanatantra' hai/yA/manamAnA 'tantra' hai !" (pR. 271) isa yuga meM yadi kathaMcit nyAya mila bhI jAe to itanI dera se milatA hai ki vaha nyAya nahIM, anyAsa-sA lagatA hai svarNa ke prati kavi kA kathana hai : "paratantra jIvana kI AdhAra-zilA ho tuma,/pU~jIvAda ke abhedya durgama kilA ho tuma/aura/azAnti ke antahIna silasilA !" (pR. 366) jIvana yU~ hI bitA dene ke lie nahIM hai, pAra lagAne ke lie hai / yahI usakI sArthakatA hai aura anyoM kI tulanA meM nayApana bhI : "jIvana kA, na yApana hI/nayApana hai/aura/nayApana !" (pR. 381) daheja dina-prati-dina phailatI jA rahI samasyA hai| isakA kAraNa bhI dhana ke prati anucita moha aura samAjamAnasa dvArA use caritra se jyAdA sammAna denA hai| isIlie : "lobhI pApI mAnava/pANigrahaNa ko bhI/prANa-grahaNa kA rUpa dete haiN|" (pR.386) varNavyavasthA ko janmajAta mAnakara jo hamAre samAja ne abhizApa bhogA hai, usake zamana ke lie hI mAnoM ArakSaNa dvArA hama asavarNa ko Upara uThAnA cAhate haiM, parantu santa kavi kA spaSTa mata hai : "nIca ko Upara uThAyA jA sakatA hai, ucitAnucita samparka se/saba meM parivartana sambhava hai|" (pR. 357) parantu isa parivartana ke lie kevala Arthika, zaikSaNika Adi sahayoga mAtra se kAma nahIM clegaa| isa kArya kA sampanna honA sAttvika saMskAra para AdhArita hai| isameM AtaMkavAda kI samasyA ko bhI citrita kiyA gayA hai / AtaMkavAda kA janma atipoSaNa yA atizoSaNa se hotA hai| prANadaNDa denA bhI eka taraha se aparAdha hai, kyoMki usase daNDita hone vAle kI unnati ke avasara samApta ho jAte haiM : "krUra aparAdhI ko/krUratA se daNDita karanA bhI eka aparAdha hai,/nyAya-mArga se skhalita honA hai|" (pR. 431) samAja kI paribhASA unhoMne isa prakAra dI hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 281 "pracAra-prasAra se dUra/prazasta AcAra-vicAra vAloM kA jIvana hI samAjavAda hai|" (pR. 461) samAjavAda-samAjavAda cillAne vAloM kI AsthA samAjavAda meM nahIM-'sabase Age maiM, samAja bAda meM" meM hai| ___saccA samAjavAda dhanasaMgraha meM nahIM, janasaMgraha meM hai / lobha ke vazIbhUta ho, jo a~dhAdhundha saMkalana kiyA hai, usakA vitaraNa honA cAhie / anyathA, abhAva meM corI ke bhAva jAgate haiN| corI mata karo' kahanA UparI sabhyatA kA upacAra hai / dharma kA nATaka hai / doSI cora ko janma dene meM kAraNa dhanika haiM, cora nhiiN| mAyAcArI manuSya kutte kI bhA~ti hai jo pITha pIche se kATatA hai, binA prayojana bhauMkatA hai aura eka Tukar3e ke lie pU~cha hilAtA hai / vaha svatantratA kA mUlya nahIM samajhatA : "parAdhInatA-dInatA vaha/zvAna ko cubhatI nahIM kabhI, zvAna ke gale meM jaMjIra bhI/AbharaNa kA rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai|" (pR. 170) svAbhimAnI jIvana ke lie zrama kA jIvana meM mahattva hai / zrama ke binA : "parizrama ke binA tuma/navanIta kA golA nigalo bhale hI, kabhI pacegA nahIM vaha/pratyuta, jIvana ko khatarA hai !" (pR. 212) hiMsA kA janma pahale vicAroM meM hotA hai, phira AcaraNa meM : "tIna sau tresaTha matoM kA udbhava hotA hai/jo paraspara eka-dUsare ke khUna ke pyAse hote haiM/jinakA darzana sulabha hai/Aja isa dharatI para !" (pR. 169) isake samAdhAna ke lie anekAnta dRSTi Avazyaka hai, kyoMki 'hI' ekAnta dRSTi hai tathA 'bhI' anekAnta dRSTi " 'hI' dekhatA hai hIna dRSTi se para ko 'bhI' dekhatA hai samIcIna dRSTi se saba ko, 'hI' vastu kI zakla ko hI pakar3atA hai 'bhI' vastu ke bhItarI-bhAga ko bhI chUtA hai|" (pR. 173) yaha bhI' hI lokatantra kI rIr3ha hai / lokatantra meM bahumata-alpamata sabhI ko samAna mahattva milanA cAhie : "loka meM lokatantra kA nIr3a/taba taka surakSita rahegA jaba taka 'bhI' zvAsa letA rhegaa| 'bhI' se svacchandatA-madAndhatA miTatI hai svatantratA ke svapna sAkAra hote haiM, sadvicAra sadAcAra ke bIca/ 'bhI' meM haiM 'hI' meM nhiiN|" (pR. 173) lekina lokatantra meM bahumata kA mahattva hai, jisakA pariNAma hotA hai apAtra/ayogya kI puujaa| bahumata se cunA vyakti yA mata kitanA hI dUSita yA ghAtaka kyoM na ho, vaha pUjanIya ho jAtA hai / "prAya: bahumata kA pariNAma/yahI to hotA hai,
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________________ 282 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pAtra bhI apAtra kI koTi meM AtA hai/phira, apAtra kI pUjA meM pApa nahIM lgtaa|" (pR. 382) isIlie: 0 "patitoM ko pAvana samajha, sammAna ke sAtha/ucca siMhAsana para biThAyA jA rahA hai / ___aura/pApa ko khaNDita karane vAloM ko/pAkhaNDI-chalI kahA jA rahA hai|" (pR.410) 0 "kintu Aja!/kA~ca-kacare ko hI sammAna mila rahA hai|" (pR. 412) jinakI jholI khuda A~suoM se bharI ho, ve dUsaroM ke A~sU kaise poMcha sakate haiM : "apanI pyAsa bujhAye binA/auroM ko jala pilAne kA saMkalpa mAtra kalpanA hai,/mAtra jalpanA hai|" (pR. 293) vastuta: isa paMkti meM itanI vyaMjanA hai ki isake aneka dhvanyartha nikalate haiN| kisI kI madada karane ke lie madada karane vAle ko samartha honA hogA, anyathA madada karane kI bAta kevala dambha hai / samAja sevA vahI kara sakatA hai, jo svayaM santuSTa ho, jise sevA kI AvazyakatA na ho / athavA, dUsare ke jJAna kI pyAsa vahI bujhA sakatA hai, jo svayaM jJAnI ho| vyaMjanA zakti-sampanna yaha paMkti itanI sazakta aura mArmika hai ki bAra-bAra par3hane ko prerita karatI hai| sAdhakoM ke lie nArI siddhimArga kI bAdhA rahI hai, isIlie prAyaH dharmAcAryoM ne nArI ke prati anAdara ke bhAva vyakta kie haiN| parantu isa kAvya meM AcAryazrI ne nArI ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke mAdhyama se usake prati apanA AdarabhAva vyakta kiyA hai : "...puruSa ko rAstA batAtI hai/sahI-sahI gantavya kA mahilA kahalAtI vaha !" (pR. 202) / 0 "saMgraha-vRtti aura apavyaya-roga se/puruSa ko bacAtI hai sadA, arjita-artha kA samucita vitaraNa karake / " (pR. 204) strI apane sAtha pati ke hita kA bhI sAdhana karatI hai : "apanA hita svayaM hI kara letI hai,/patita se patita pati kA jIvana bhI hita sahita hotA hai, jisase/vaha duhitA kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 205) jo kupathagAminI strI dikhAI detI hai, usake pIche puruSa hI kAraNabhUta hai : "prAyaH puruSoM se bAdhya ho kara hI/kupatha para calanA par3atA hai striyoM ko parantu,/kupatha-supatha kI parakha karane meM/pratiSThA pAI hai strI-samAja ne|" (pR. 201-202) tyAgapradhAna aura sukha-zAnti kI poSikA bhAratIya saMskRti kI surakSA kA bhAva rakhate hue yaha kRti samAja va rAjanItigata kurItiyoM kA nirdeza kara, mAtra unase paricita hI nahIM karAtI apitu unake nirAkaraNa kA sandeza bhI detI hai| kavi ne yugacetanA ko AtmasAt kara use vANI dI hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : eka kalAtmaka mahAkAvya DaoN. rAmasvarUpa khare sAhitya ke mUla meM AtmAbhivyaMjana kI abhIpsA aura cArutA ke prati asIma anurAga-ye do pramukha pravRttiyA~ pradhAna rUpa se kArya sampAdita karatI haiN| saundarya kA ananya upAsaka sAmAjika sahRdaya prANI AtmAbhivyakti ke sAdhana meM bhI saundaryAbhivyakti ko sarvAdhika svIkAra karatA hai / isa prakAra anta:karaNa ko prabhUta mAtrA meM praphullita karane ke lie Anandopalabdhi hetu preraka evaM mArmika bhASA meM AtmA kI abhivyakti 'sAhitya' nAma se abhihita kI jAtI hai| niHsandeha sAhitya mAnava-mastiSka kI sarvottama upalabdhi hai| sAhitya ko cAhe 'jJAna rAzi kA saMcita koSa' kahA jAya yA 'mAnava jIvana kI vyAkhyA' mAnA jAya athavA 'bhASA ke mAdhyama se jIvana kI abhivyakti svIkAra kareM, isameM koI do mata nahIM ki sAhitya kA jIvana se anyonyAzrita sambandha hai / sAhitya jIvana kI sazakta evaM anupreraka zakti to hai hI, sAtha hI sAtha usameM jIvana kI vibhinna anubhUtiyoM kA samAveza bhI rahatA hai / sAhityakAra ke vyaktigata jIvana ke sAtha-sAtha usakI jAti evaM samAja ke vizAla jIvana kA pratibimba bhI vidyamAna rahatA hai| sAhitya, samAja aura jIvana-ye tIna bindu eka zreSTha sAhityakAra kA saMsparza pAkara kalA kA sundara rUpa dhAraNa kara lete haiN| sAhitya-sarjanA meM sAhityakAra kA bahuta bar3A hAtha hotA hai| 'sAhityakAra' isa dRSTi se kevala eka kalAkAra hI nahIM hotA, varan vaha samAja-niyantA tathA usakA samunnAyaka bhI hotA hai / usakI kRtiyA~ samAja ko preraNA pradAna karane kI kSamatA rakhatI haiM, usakI pragati meM sahayoga detI haiM aura usakI paristhitiyoM ko badalane tathA sudhArane meM bhI hAtha ba~TAtI haiN| sAhityakAra kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha apane tathA samAja ke anya vyaktiyoM ke anyathA nazvara bhAvoM ko kavitA, nATaka, upanyAsa, nibandha Adi vividha sAhityika kRtiyoM ke rUpa meM amara banAne kI kSamatA rakhatA hai| vaha samAja ke mUka bhAvoM ko vANI pradAna karatA hai, usake asthira bhAvoM ko sthAI banA detA hai / sAhityakAroM kI vividha racanAoM kI samaSTi hI sAhitya ke rUpa meM hamAre sammukha AtI hai / astu, isa prakAra sAhitya ko hama mAnava samAja kA sarvAMga sampanna zarIra' svIkAra kareMge aura nizcita hI kAvya ko usakI 'AtmA' mAnanA atizayokti nahIM mAnI jaaegii| sAhitya ke vividha evaM anyAnya rUpoM kI apekSA kAvya meM hRdaya ko prabhAvita karane kI sarvAdhika kSamatA pAI jAtI hai| jina bhAvoM ko nATaka, kahAnI, nibandha Adi mAdhyamoM se prakaTa karane para koI vizeSa prabhAva nahIM par3atA, ve bhI kAvya rUpa meM atyadhika mArmika evaM hRdayasparzI bana jAte haiN| kAvya, jar3a ko cetana, asundara ko sundara, kaThora ko Ardra, kSudra ko mahAn, aspRzya ko spRzya, arasika ko rasajJa evaM mUr3ha ko paNDita banA dene kI kSamatA rakhatA hai| kAvya hRdaya-parivartana ke sAtha hI sAtha vyakti meM prema, sahAnubhUti, sauhArdra, cetanA prabhRti mAnavIya guNoM ko prAdurbhUta kara sakatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki kAvya ko sAhitya meM mUrdhanya sthAna prApta hai / isa sandarbha meM katipaya bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya manISiyoM kI dhAraNAoM ko jAnanA viSaya ke pratipAdana ke nimitta adhika upAdeya rhegaa| bhAratIya AcAryoM meM bhAmaha ne apane 'kAvyAlaMkAra' meM 'sahita zabda aura artha' ko kAvya svIkAra kiyA hai to suprasiddha AcArya daNDI ne 'kAvyAdarza' meM kAvya ke zabdArtha rUpI zarIra ko alaMkRta karane vAle AbharaNoM ko mahattA pradAna kI hai| jabaki AcArya Anandavardhana ne 'dhvanyAloka' meM 'dhvani ko hI kAvya kI AtmA' kahA hai / AcArya vAmana ne 'kAvyAlaMkAra sUtra-vRtti' meM rIti ko kAvya mAnA to kuntaka ne 'vakroktijIvita' meM vakrokti ko, mammaTa ne 'kAvyaprakAza' meM doSa rahita guNavAlI, alaMkAra yukta tathA kabhI-kabhI alaMkAra sahita zabdAvalI racanA ko, vizvanAtha ne 'sAhitya darpaNa' meM 'rasAtmaka vAkya' ko tathA paNDitarAja jagannAtha ne 'rasagaMgAdhara' meM 'ramaNIya artha ke pratipAdaka'
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________________ 284 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ko kAvya kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyaa| agnipurANa, rudraTa ne 'kAvyAlaMkAra', bhoja ne 'sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa', hemacandra ne 'kAvyAnuzAsana' evaM jayadeva ne 'candrAloka' meM bhI kucha isI prakAra kI mAnyatAoM ko pratiSThApita kiyaa| Adhunika yuga ke rasavAdI samIkSaka AcArya rAmacandra zukla 'cintAmaNi' meM AtmA kI muktAvasthA aura hRdaya kI muktAvasthA' ko evaM mahAdevIjI 'mahAdevI ke vivecanAtmaka gadya' meM 'manuSya ko hI eka sajIva kAvya' svIkAra karatI haiN| isa prakAra 'satya kAvya kA sAdhya aura saundarya usakA sAdhana' hai| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM meM jaoNnasana ke anusAra 'chandobaddha racanA' ko, kAAyala ne 'saMgItamaya vicAra,' zelI ne 'kalpanA kI abhivyakti', hailiTa ne kalpanA aura bhAvanA kI yuti', varDsavartha ne 'prabala manovegoM kA svacchanda pravAha, maithyU ArnAlDa ne 'jIvana kA vizleSaNa' evaM razikA ne 'udAtta manovegoM kA sundara kSetra' hI kAvya mAnA hai| niSkarSata: pAzcAtya kAvya marmajJa kAvya ke cAra pramukha tattva svIkAra karate haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM : (1) bhAva tattva (imozanala ailImeNTa) (2) duddhi tattva (inTailekcyuala ailImeNTa) (3) kalpanA tattva (ailImeNTa oNpha imejinezana) (4) zailI tattva (ailImeNTa oNpha sTAyala) bhAratIya kAvya vizArada kAvya ko prAya: dRzya kAvya aura zravya kAvya-ina do pramukha bhedoM meM bA~Tate haiM / dRzya kAvya ke rUpaka aura uparUpaka anya do aura upabheda haiM, jabaki zravya kAvya ke gadya, padya aura campU-ye tIna pramukha upabheda haiN| gadya ke antargata kahAnI, AkhyAyikA, upanyAsa, nATaka, nibandha, AlocanA, rekhAcitra prabhRti vidhAe~ A jAtI haiN| chanda rahita vidhA gadya' nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| jabaki chandobaddha racanA ko padya' kahate haiN| isake do pramukha bheda haiM - (1) prabandha kAvya (2) muktaka kAvya / prabandha kAvya meM padya paraspara sApekSa rahate haiN| isake padya kisI kathAsatra athavA kramabaddha varNana se sambaddha hote haiN| ve sambaddha athavA sAmahika rUpa se apane viSaya kA jJAna karAte haiM aura rasodreka meM sakSama hote haiN| AcArya vizvanAtha ne 'sAhitya darpaNa' meM likhA hai ki 'muktaka kAvya' meM pratyeka pada kI svatantra sattA rahatI hai aura vaha svatantra rUpa meM apanA bhAva vyakta karatA hai / viSaya parimANa kI dRSTi se prabandha kAvya ke bhI do aura bheda kie jAte haiM, ve haiM- (1) mahAkAvya aura (2) khaNDa kAvya / ____mahAkAvya meM jIvana kI sarvAMgINa abhivyakti hotI hai / isakA viSaya atyadhika vistRta evaM vyApaka hotA hai| kathAvastu kisI mahApuruSa se sambandhita hotI hai / kathA ke AdhAra para jIvana ke vividha aMgoM para prakAza DAlA jAtA hai| saMskRta meM rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, raghuvaMza Adi mahAkAvya mAne gae haiN| hindI meM rAmacaritamAnasa, sAketa, kAmAyanI prabhRti ullekhya mahAkAvya haiN| mahAkAvya kA sarvaprathama vivecana bhAmaha praNIta kAvyAlaMkAra' (pari.1/19-23) meM upalabdha hotA hai| gadyapadyamayI mizrita racanA ko 'sAhityadarpaNa'kAra (pari.6/336) ne 'campU' nAma se abhihita kiyA hai| . pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne vyaSTi aura samaSTi ke AdhAra para kAvya ke do bheda kie haiM : (1) viSayIgata (sabjekTiva), (2) viSayagata (oNbjekTiva) arthAt jo kAvya kavi ke vyaktitva se, usake nijI bhAvoM aura anubhUtiyoM se sambandha rakhate haiM, unheM viSayIgata bhAva pradhAna athavA svAnubhUti nirUpaka kAvya kahA jAtA hai / aura jina kAvyoM meM bAhya jagat ke kArya-kalApoM tathA samAja athavA jAti vizeSa kI manovRttiyoM kI abhivyakti rahatI hai, unheM viSayagata athavA bAhyArtha nirUpaka kAvya mAnA jAtA hai| isa prakAra prathama prakAra ke kAvya meM pragIti yA gIti kAvya (lirika) ko tathA dUsare prakAra ke kAvya meM mahAkAvya
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 285 (epika) ko pramukha sthAna diyA gayA hai| bhAva pradhAna kAvyoM meM kavi dRSTi antarmukhI rahatI hai jabaki viSayapradhAna kAvyoM vaha bahirmukhI bana jAtI hai / uparyukta kAvya bheda vibhAjana meM pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kI dRSTi manovaijJAnika adhika hai / DaoN. govinda rAma zarmA (hindI ke Adhunika mahAkAvya, pR. 27 ) ke anusAra niSkarSataH kahA jA sakatA hai : " vastutaH kavi saMsAra meM apane Apako aura apane Apa meM saMsAra ko dekhatA hai / vaha saMsAra ke sukha-du:kha, harSa - zoka Adi ko apanAne kI yogyatA rakhatA hai aura usakI nijI anubhUtiyA~ saMsAra ke dUsare vyaktiyoM kI anubhUtiyoM se sarvathA bhinna bhI nahIM hotIM / viSayapradhAna kAvya meM bhI bAhya vastuoM ke varNana para kavi ke vyaktitva kI chApa banI rahatI hai / bhAvapradhAna kAvya meM bhI safa kI nijI anubhUti saMsAra kI anubhUti se mizrita rahatI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki tulasI ke rAmacaritamAnasa jaise viSayapradhAna kAvya meM pAThaka samAja ke hRdaya ke sAtha hI tulasI ke bhakti-pravaNa hRdaya ko bhI TaTolatA hai aura usake 'vinaya patrikA' jaise bhAvapradhAna nItikAvya meM pAThaka kavi kI anubhUtiyoM meM apanI anubhUtiyoM kA pratibimba bhI dekhatA hai / " saMskRta kAvya ke kSetra meM AcArya vizvanAtha kI mahAkAvyIna paribhASA hI vizruta huI / unake 'sAhitya darpaNa' (pari. 6 / 115 - 125 ) ke anusAra : "mahAkAvya kI kathA sargoM meM vibhakta honA caahie| isakA nAyaka devatA athavA dhIrodAtta guNoM se yukta koI ucca kulotpanna kSatriya honA caahie| eka hI vaMza meM utpanna aneka rAjA bhI isake nAyaka ho sakate haiM / isameM zRMgAra, vIra aura zAnta rUpa ina tIna rasoM meM se koI eka rasa pradhAna honA cAhie aura anya rasa isake sahAyaka honA caahie| isameM nATaka kI sArI sandhiyA~ (mukha, pratimukha, garbha, vimarza, upasaMhRti- nirvahaNa) honA apekSita hai| Arambha mahAkAvya kA kathAnaka aitihAsika hotA hai, yadi aitihAsika na ho to kisI sajjana vyakti se sambandha rakhane vAlA honA cAhie / isameM cAra vargoM (dharma, artha, kAma evaM mokSa) meM se koI eka phalarUpa meM honA caahie| isake namaskAra, AzIrvacana athavA mukhya kathA kI ora saMketa ke rUpa meM maMgalAcaraNa vidyamAna rahatA hai / isameM kahIM-kahIM duSToM kI nindA aura sajjanoM kI prazaMsA hotI hai| isake sargoM kI saMkhyA ATha se adhika honA cAhie aura ina sargoM kA AkAra bahuta choTA athavA bahuta bar3A bhI nahIM honA cAhie / prAyaH pratyeka sarga meM eka hI chanda kA prayoga aura sargAnta meM chanda - parivartana ucita mAnA jAtA hai| eka sarga meM vibhinna chandoM kA varNana bhI ho sakatA hai / sargAnta meM bhAvI kathA kI sUcanA avazya honA cAhie / isameM sandhyA, sUrya, candra, rAtri, pradoSa, andhakAra, dina, prAta: kAla, madhyAhna, mRgayA, parvata, Rtu, vana, samudra, saMyoga-viyoga, muni, svarga, nagara, yuddha, yajJa, vivAha, mantraNA, putrotpatti Adi kA yathAvasara sAMgopAMga varNana honA cAhie / mahAkAvyoM kA nAma kavi, kathAvastu, nAyaka athavA kisI anya vyakti ke nAma ke AdhAra para honA cAhie aura sargoM ke nAma sambandhita kathA ke AdhAra para honA cAhie / " pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne bhI mahAkAvya viSayaka apanI-apanI dhAraNAoM ko vyakta kiyA hai| Aie, una para bhI eka vihaMgama dRSTi DAlate caleM / sTriya kI 'arisToTila poiTiksa' ke anusAra : "jahA~ taka zabdoM ke mAdhyama se mahAn caritroM aura unake kAryoM ke anukaraNa kA sambandha hai, mahAkAvya aura trAsadI meM samAnatA pAI jAtI hai, kintu kucha bAtoM meM mahAkAvya trAsadI se bhinna hotA hai| mahAkAvya meM Adi se lekara anta taka eka hI chanda kA prayoga hotA hai| vaha prakathanAtmaka hotA hai aura usake kArya-vyApAra meM samaya kI koI sImA nahIM rahatI, jabaki trAsadI kA kArya-vyApAra lagabhaga 24 ghaNTe taka
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________________ 286 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA hI sImita rahatA hai / " jabaki ema. Diksana kI 'iMgliza Ipika eNDa hIroika poyaTrI' meM ullikhita anya samAlocakoM lArDa kemsa ke anusAra : "vIratApUrNa kAryoM kA udAtta zailI meM varNana hI mahAkAvya hai / " prasiddha phreMca vidvAn la vassu - " prAcIna mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAoM kI chandobaddha racanA ko mahAkAvya kahate haiN|" jabaki hAbsa ke matAnusAra - "vIratApUrNa prakathanAtmaka kavitA hI mahAkAvya hai / " pAzcAtya samIkSakoM ne bhI mahAkAvya ke do bheda svIkAra kie haiM : (1) vikasanazIla mahAkAvya (Ipika oNpha grotha ), (2) kalAtmaka mahAkAvya ( Ipika oNpha ArTa) inhIM do bhedoM ko prakArAntara se prAmANika (oNthenTika) aura sAhityika (liTarerI) mahAkAvya kahA gayA hai| vikasanazIla mahAkAvya sAdhAraNatayA eka vyakti kI racanA na hokara aneka vyaktiyoM kI racanAoM kA susambaddha sAhityika rUpa hotA hai| 'da epika' meM ela. ebarakraoNmbI ke anusAra : "kabhI-kabhI aise mahAkAvya meM eka hI lekhaka janatA meM pracalita vividha kathAoM ko eka sUtra meM gU~thakara unheM sundara kAvyocita rUpa pradAna karatA hai| vikasanazIla mahAkAvya kI racanA mukhyatayA sunane-sunAne ke lie hotI hai|" yaha vAstava meM zravya kAvya mAnA jAtA hai / isameM vIra puruSoM kI vIra gAthAoM kA varNana svAbhAvika sIdhI-sAdI zailI meM hotA hai| homara ke 'iliyaDa' evaM 'oDisI' jaise mahAkAvyoM ko vikasanazIla mahAkAvya kahA jAtA hai| saMskRta ke 'mahAbhArata' aura 'rAmAyaNa' kI gaNanA bhI aise hI mahAkAvyoM meM kI jAtI hai / kalAtmaka mahAkAvya vyakti vizeSa kI sAhityika racanA hotI hai| isameM svAbhAvikatA ke sthAna para kRtrimatA rahatI hai| mukhyatayA par3hane ke lie hI isakI racanA hotI hai, isIlie ise hama zravya kAvya na kahakara 'pAThya kAvya' kaha sakate haiN| isakI racanA jana-sAdhAraNa ke lie nahIM apitu vidvAnoM ke lie hotI hai / kAvya ke nizcita siddhAntoM ke AdhAra para isakA nirmANa hotA hai / isameM kAvya ke kalApakSa kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| isameM kavi kA dhyAna mukhyatayA bhASAzailI kI sundaratA kI ora rahatA hai aura isIlie isameM kAvya kalA kA utkRSTa, nikharA huA rUpa pAyA jAtA hai / varjila ke 'iliyaDa' aura milTana ke 'pairADAija laoNsTa' jaisI racanAoM ko 'kalAtmaka mahAkAvya' mAnA jAtA hai| kAlidAsa ke 'raghuvaMza' tathA 'kumAra sambhava' jaise mahAkAvyoM ko hama isI zreNI meM sthAna dete haiM / uparyukta vizleSaNa aura vivecana ke AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki mahAkAvyoM kI paribhASAe~ evaM lakSaNa deza-kAla evaM vAtAvaraNa ko dRSTigata rakhate hue parivartanIya haiN| yahI prakRti kA bhI niyama hai| samUcA saMsAra parivartanazIla hai aura yaha parivartana hI kramaza: navInatA kA utsa hai| jo paribhASAe~ evaM lakSaNa Upara varNita kie gae, ve tatkAlIna mahAkAvyoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara hI nirdhArita kie gae pratIta hote haiN| astu, yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki kisI mahAkAvya meM sabhI nirdiSTa lakSaNa dRSTigocara hoN| para hA~, yaha nirvivAda satya hai ki ukta lakSaNoM meM se adhikAdhika lakSaNoM athavA kucha pramukha lakSaNoM ke hone para hI koI viziSTa kRti mahAkAvya kI saMjJA se abhihita kI jA sakatI hai| 'mUkamATI' kA kathAnaka isa prakAra hai - prakRti ke suramya vAtAvaraNa meM saritA taTa kI mATI apanI mA~ dharatI ke prati karuNAkrandana karatI hai / pada dalitA hone kA use kSobha hai / varNasaMkarI dRSTi se mukti pAnA hI usakA ekameva uddezya hai / astitva kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA hai, rUpAntaraNa sambhava hai / laghutva se hI mahattva milatA hai / AsthA ke binA koI mArga nahIM milatA / pratikUlatA vyavadhAna nahIM, yadi use apane anukUla banA liyA jaae| uttara- prati uttara / upAdAnoM evaM mAdhyamoM kA jIvana meM mahattva hai / astu, inakA tiraskAra kara unakA upakAra mAnanA caahie| kuzala zilpI kA saMsparza pAkara hI sAmAnya mRdA anamola maMgala ghaTa ke rUpa meM parivartita ho Atma-svarUpa kA lAbha prApta karatI hai aura zItala jala pradAna kara dUsaroM kI tRSA zAnta karatI hai / apane ko miTAkara dUsaroM ko sukha denA hI mokSa hai / kavi ke zabdoM meM :
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________________ "ati ke binA / iti se sAkSAtkAra sambhava nahIM aura / iti ke binA / atha kA darzana asambhava ! artha yaha huA ki / pIr3A kI ati hI/pIr3A kI iti hai aura/ pIr3A kI iti hI / sukha kA atha hai / " (pR. 33) mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 287 rassI - bAlaTI, machalI aura sAgara ( jIvAtmA paramAtmA), zilpI dvArA karuNA kA udreka, yugoM kA varNana, viSaya-vAsanA bandhana kA mUla hai, aura yahI prathama Arya satya hai / kintu yaha saba binA guru kRpA prApya nahIM / antatogatvA 'dayAvisuddha dhammo' kI dhvani kA anuguMjana aura usI meM samAdhi sukha kI upalabdhi / isa prakAra prathama khaNDa kA zIrSaka 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' sArthaka siddha huA / dvitIya khaNDa kA zIrSaka hai- 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM / ' niHsandeha yaha khaNDa hameM mATI kI bhAvI yAtrA kI ora le jAtA hai / kaSTasahana aura vinamratA kA bhAva hI lakSya taka pahu~cAtA hai| zilpI dvArA mATI ke jIvana meM prANa-pratiSThA, a-rasA ko sa-rasA banAne kA upakrama, rAvaNa nAma kI sArthakatA, pazcimI evaM pUrvI sabhyatA ke varNana meM bhAratIya saMskRti kI mahattA kA pratipAdana avalokanIya hai, yathA : "mahAmanA jisa ora/abhiniSkramaNa kara gaye / saba kucha taja kara, vana gaye nagna, apane meM magna bana gaye / usI ora / unhIM kI anukrama - nirdezikA bhAratIya saMskRti hai / sukha-zAnti kI pravezikA hai| " (pR. 102-103) zUla aura phUla ke guNoM kA samanvaya jIvana ke lie Avazyaka hai / kSamA-vANI kI anugU~ja / khaNDagata zIrSaka kI sArthakatA ke nimitta svayaM kavi kA kathana draSTavya hai : "bodha kA phUla jaba / DhalatA - badalatA, jisameM / vaha pakva phala hI to zodha kahalAtA hai // bodha meM AkulatA palatI hai zodha meM nirAkulatA phalatI hai, / phUla se nahIM, phala se tRpti kA anubhava hotA hai, / phUla kA rakSaNa ho / aura phala kA bhakSaNa ho;/ hA~ ! hA~ !! / phUla meM bhale hI gandha ho para, rasa kahA~ usameM !/ phala to rasa se bharA hotA hI hai, sAtha-sAtha / surabhi se surabhita bhI!" (pR. 107 ) anantara mokSa kI vyAkhyA draSTavya hai : "moha kyA balA hai / aura / mokSa kyA kalA hai ? ina kI lakSaNA mile, vyAkhyA nahIM, / lakSaNA se hI dakSiNA milatI hai / ... apane ko chor3akara / para-padArtha se prabhAvita honA hI moha kA pariNAma hai / aura / saba ko chor3akara apane Apa meM bhAvita honA hI / mokSa kA dhAma hai / " (pR. 109 - 110 ) yaha mokSa sAhitya ke mAdhyama se prApya hai| tabhI to kavi ne sAhitya kI sundara abhivyaMjanA isa prakAra se prastuta kI hai :
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________________ 288 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai/aura sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai,/artha yaha huA ki jisake avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava-sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai/anyathA,/surabhi se virahita puSpa-sama sukha kA rAhitya hai vaha/sAra-zUnya zabda-jhuNDa"!" (pR. 111) punazca, zilpI mATI ko rauMdatA huA mAnoM isa bhAva se abhibhUta ho uThatA hai : "samudravasane devi parvatastanamaNDale / viSNupali namastubhyaM pAdasparza kSamasva me // " isI krama meM sAgara-saritA, prakRti-puruSa kI paribhASAoM kA sundara evaM samIcIna ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| samarpita mATI kI yahA~ eka upayukta jhA~kI dekhie : "aura suno !/ora-chora kahA~ usa sattA kA ?/tIra-taTa kahA~ gurumattA kA ? jo kucha hai prastuta hai/apAra rAzi kI eka kaNikA bindu kI jalAMjali sindhu ko/vaha bhI sindhu meM raha kara hii| yU~ kahatI-kahatI/muditA mATI kI mRdutA mauna kA ghUghaTa mukha para letI !" (pR. 129) bhinna-bhinna prakaraNoM aura sandarbho ke bIca nava rasoM kI sarasatA dRSTigocara hotI hai / zabda brahma kI jaisI upAsanA isa kavi ne kI hai, anyatra Aja durlabha hai, yathA : "parantu/jise rUpa kI pyAsa nahIM hai, arUpa kI Asa lagI ho/use kyA prayojana jar3a zRMgAroM se !" (pR. 139) isI prakAra : "svIkAra karo yA na karo/yaha tathya hai ki, hara prANI sukha kA pyAsA hai/parantu,/rAgI kA lakSya-bindu artha rahA hai aura/tyAgI-virAgI kA paramArtha !" (pR. 141) eka anya udAharaNa draSTavya hai : "kisalaya ye kisalie/kisa laya meM gIta gAte haiM ? kisa valaya meM se A/kisa valaya meM krIta jAte haiM ? aura/anta-anta meM zvAsa inake /kisa laya meM rIta jAte haiM ?" (pR.141-142) parama sattA meM tadrUpa ho jAnA hI cirantana sukha hai / kavi isI bhAva ko isa prakAra vyakta karatA hai : "svara saMgIta kA prANa hai/saMgIta sukha kI rIr3ha hai/aura sukha pAnA hI sabakA dhyeya/isa viSaya meM sandeha ko geha kahA~ ?
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________________ (2) nyewegle-tsertse rtse rtse (3) (4) (4) yaha khaNDa sUktiyoM aura kahAvatoM kA to sacamuca koza hI pratIta hotA hai| puSTi meM katipaya paMktiyA~ draSTavya haiM : (1) " santAna kI avanati meM / nigraha kA hAtha uThatA hai mA~ kA / aura santAna kI unnati meM / anugraha kA mAtha uThatA hai mA~ kA / " (pR. 148) " jIvana ko mata raNa banAo / prakRti mA~ kA vraNa sukhAo !" (pR. 149) " sadaya bano ! / adaya para dayA karo / abhaya bano !" (pR. 149) "jIvana-jagat kyA ?/ Azaya samajho, AzA jIto ! / AzA hI ko pAzA samajho / " (pR. 150 ) "kyA karuNA kI pAlar3I bhI halakI par3I ? / itanI bAla kI khAla to mata nikAlokahatI - kahatI karuNA ro par3I !" (pR. 152 ) "donoM kA mana dravIbhUta hotA hai/ziSya zaraNa lekara/ guru zaraNa dekara / " (pR. 154) " nahara kheta meM jAtI hai / dAha ko miTAkara / sUkha pAtI hai, aura / nadI sAgara ko jAtI hai rAha ko miTAkara / sukha pAtI hai / " (pR. 155-156) (8) " mahAsattA mA~ ke / gola-gola kapola-tala para / pulakita hotA hai yaha vAtsalya / karuNA-sama vAtsalya bhI / dvaita-bhojI to hotA hai / para, mamatA sameta maujI hotA hai, / isameM bAharI AdAna-pradAna kI pramukhatA rahatI hai, / bhItarI upAdAna gauNa hotA hai (6) (7) mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 289 niHsandeha kaha sakate haiM - /videha bananA ho to svara kI deha ko svIkAratA denI hogI / he dehin ! he zilpin !" (pR. 143) Age kavi saMgIta aura prIti ko paribhASita karate hue kahatA hai : (13) "saMgIta use mAnatA hU~ / jo saMgAtIta hotA hai / aura prIti use mAnatA hU~ / jo aMgAtIta hotI hai merA saMgI saMgIta hai / sapta-svaroM se atIta!" (pR. 144-145) yahI kAraNa hai, isameM / advaita mauna hotA hai|" (pR. 157 ) (9) "sR dhAtu gati ke artha meM AtI hai, / saM yAnI samIcIna / sAra yAnI sarakanA " jo samyak sarakatA hai/ vaha saMsAra kahalAtA hai|" (pR. 161) (10) "aura suno,/yaha eka sAdhAraNa-sI bAta hai ki/cakkaradAra patha hI, Akhira/gagana cUmatA agamya parvata-zikhara taka / pathika ko pahu~cAtA hai / bAdhA-bina bezaka !" (pR. 162 ) (11) " mAna - ghamaNDa se achUtI mATI / piNDa se piNDa chur3AtI huI / kumbha ke rUpa meM DhalatI hai kumbhAkAra dharatI hai / dhRti ke sAtha dharatI ke Upara uTha rahI hai|" (pR. 164) (12) "bhoga par3e haiM yahIM / bhogI calA gayA, / yoga par3e haiM yahIM / yogI calA gayA, / kauna kisake lie dhana jIvana ke lie ?/ yA jIvana dhana ke lie / mUlya kisakA / tana kA yA vetana kA, jar3a kA yA cetana kA ?" (pR. 180 ) 66 'utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvya-yuktaM sat ' / santoM se yaha sUtra milA hai / .... vyAvahArika bhASA meM sUtra kA bhAvAnuvAda prastuta hai : / AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai / AnA yAnI janana - utpAda hai jAnA yAnI maraNa - vyaya hai / lagA huA yAnI sthira - dhrauvya hai / aura hai yAnI cira - sat / yahI satya hai yahI tathya !" (pR. 184 - 185)
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________________ 290 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA (14) " svabhAva se hI sudhAratA hai / sva-pana svapana sva-pana / aba to ceteM- vicAreM apanI ora nihAreM / apana apana apana / yahA~ cala rahI hai kevala tapana tapana tapana" .!" (pR. 186) kAla kI mahAzakti jaba apanA pAza nikAlatI hai to usameM jar3a-cetana sabhI Abaddha ho cira virAma kI AkAMkSA kara uThate haiN| yahI niyati hai aura yahI parama zAzvata satya / dUsare khaNDa kA isI bhAvanA kI sArthakatA meM samApana hotA hai, yathA : "adhara meM DulatI - sI / bAdala - daloM kI bahulatA akAla meM kAla kA darzana kyoM ? / yU~ kahIM " nikhila ko eka hI kavala banA / eka hI bAra meM / vikarAla gAla meM DAla "binA cabAye / sAbuta nigalanA cAhatI hai !" (pR. 187) 1 tIsare khaNDa kA zIrSaka hai- 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana / ' kavi ne isa khaNDa meM mATI ke udbhava kI nahIM apitu vikAsa-kathA-yAtrA kA varNana kiyA hai| puNya karmoM se udbhUta zreyaskara kI upalabdhi hI eka mAtra jIvana kA antima lakSya hai / pratyeka vastu meM eka laya hai, eka krama hai aura isI bhAva kI abhivyakti bhI / meghoM se muktodbhava, tadanantara varSaNa / apakva kumbhoM para / kumbhakAra ke prAMgaNa meM / turanta yaha samAcAra avanipati ke pAsa sampreSita / rAjA dvArA anucaroM evaM mantri-pariSad ko una muktAoM ko bharane kA Adeza / para jyoM hI vaha maNDalI muktA - cayana hetu jhukI, tyahI gagana meM guru- gambhIra garjanA ke sAtha sunAI diyA- 'anartha ! anartha !! anartha !!!' / rAjA ko kisI mantra - zakti dvArA kIlita kiyA jAnA mahasUsa huaa| udhara kumbhakAra ko yaha AbhAsa honA ki 'prajA kI pratyeka vastu para rAjA kA adhikAra hI nyAya saMgata hai|' samUcI muktA rAzi apane nareza ke caraNoM meM nizchala hokara samarpita kara denA usake anupama tyAga kI ora saMketa karatA hai / isa khaNDa meM kavi ne nArI ke prati apanA maMgalamaya dRSTikoNa rakhA hai, yathA : "inakI A~kheM haiM karuNA kI kArikA / zatrutA chU nahIM sakatI inheM milana - sArI mitratA / muphta milatI rahatI inase / / yahI kAraNa hai ki inakA sArthaka nAma hai 'nArI' / yAnI - / 'na ari' nArI.. athavA / ye ArI nahIM haiM / sonArI / " (pR. 202 ) isI meM kavi ne nArI ke anya rUpoM kI bhI prAmANika vivecanA kI hai, jisameM mA~, mahilA, abalA, kumArI, strI, sutA, duhitA, mAtR prabhRti ullekhya haiN| isake anantara hai megha - muktA prasaMga / binA parizrama kie hue kisI bhI labdha vastu kA koI mUlya nahIM hotaa| samUcI sRSTi meM jo vastu parizrama ke dvArA prApta hotI hai, vahI vareNya hai, usI kA vizeSa mahattva hai / isIlie unhoMne zrama kA AhvAna kiyA hai, yathA : "parizrama karo/pasInA bahAo / bAhubala milA hai tumheM karo puruSArtha sahI / puruSa kI pahacAna karo sahI, / parizrama ke binA tuma navanIta kA golA nigalo bhale hI, / kabhI pacegA nahIM vaha pratyuta, jIvana ko khatarA hai|" (pR. 211-212) nareza ko adhika artha-lipsA ke kAraNa kaSTa uThAnA pdd'aa| saca hI kahA hai : "artha kA svArtha meM lagAyA jAnA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 291 sarvanAza kA kAraNa banatA hai / " artha kI saccI sArthakatA to paropakAra meM hai / sAgara, viSa, bAdala ( payodhara ), prabhAkara, svabhAva kA aparivartanIya honA, pakSI - kalarava, pApa- pAkhaNDa kA prahAra Adi kI sundara paribhASAe~ nirUpati kI gaI haiM, yathA : "maiM yathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~ / vyathAkAra nahIM / / aura maiM tathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~ / kathAkAra nahIM / isa lekhanI kI bhI yahI bhAvanA hai - / kRti rahe, saMskRti rahe AgAmI asIma kAla taka / jAgRta "jIvita" ajita !" (pR. 245) indra aura bAdaloM ke mAdhyama se sundara rUpaka prastuta kiyA gayA hai| pATala paudha kA aMkuraNa tathA gulAba ke byAja se satpuruSoM kA surabhi vikIrNa karanA digdarzita kiyA gayA hai / anta meM kumbha kI agni parIkSA se sarga kA samApana huA hai, kyoMki : "jala aura jvalanazIla anala meM / antara zeSa rahatA hI nahIM sAdhaka kI antara-dRSTi meM / / nirantara sAdhanA kI yAtrA bheda se abheda kI ora / veda se aveda kI ora bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI cAhie / anyathA, / vaha yAtrA nAma kI hai yAtrA kI zurUAta abhI nahIM huI hai|" (pR. 267 ) khaNDa cAra meM sAdhanA ke AdhyAtmika zikharoM kI U~cAiyA~ vyApta haiN| isa khaNDa kA abhidhAna bhI yahI vyakta karatA hai, yathA-'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha / ' aura vigata khaNDa kA avazeSa bhAga pUrNatA kI ora agrasara hotA hai / kumbha kI agni parIkSA hetu avA kA nirmANa huaa| lakar3I ke byAja se nirbala prANI kI abhivyaMjanA / sAMgarUpa alaMkAra ke mAdhyama se abhivyakta huA hai ki tapasyA ke uparAnta hI saphalatA kI upalabdhi hotI hai, yathA : "maiM isa bAta ko mAnatI hU~ ki / agni parIkSA ke binA Aja taka kisI ko bhI mukti milI nahIM, / na hI bhaviSya meM milegI / " (pR. 275) isa prakAra doSa bhasma hokara samApta ho jAtA hai aura avaziSTa sAttvika tattva mAtra hI raha jAtA hai, tabhI vaha bahumUlya bana pAtA hai / saca hai - 'iSTa hai alam ata: anamola / sAdhanA hI jIvana kA mola / ' darzana ko paribhASita karate hue kavi kahatA hai : "darzana kA srota mastaka hai, / svastika se aMkita hRdaya se adhyAtma kA jharanA jharatA hai / / darzana ke binA adhyAtma- jIvana cala sakatA hai, calatA hI hai / para, hA~ ! / binA adhyAtma, darzana kA darzana nahIM / laharoM ke binA saravara vaha / raha sakatA hai, rahatA hI hai / para hA~ ! binA saravara lahara nahIM / / adhyAtma svAdhIna nayana hai / darzana parAdhIna upanayana darzana meM darza nahIM zuddhatattva kA / darzana ke Asa-pAsa hI ghUmatI hai tathatA aura vitathatA / yAnI, / kabhI satya - rUpa, kabhI asatya rUpa hotA hai darzana,jabaki/adhyAtma sadA satya cidrUpa ho / bhAsvata hotA hai|" (pR.288) isa khaNDa meM kavi Age kumbha ke mAdhyama se bar3e hI sundara vicAra abhivyakta karatA hai| inameM jaina darzana kI
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________________ 292 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA spaSTa chApa vidyamAna hai, yathA : 0 "AgAmI Aloka kI AzA dekara/Agata meM andhakAra mata phailAo!" (pR.292) 0 "apanI pyAsa bujhAye binA/auroM ko jala pilAne kA saMkalpa mAtra kalpanA hai,/mAtra jalpanA hai|" (pR. 293) "pAvana-vyaktitva kA bhaviSya vaha/pAvana hI rhegaa|/prntu, pAvana kA atIta-itihAsa vaha/itihAsa hI rahegA apAvana "apAvana'' apAvana / " (pR. 297) _ "kAyA meM rahane mAtra se/kAyA kI anubhUti nahIM,/mAyA meM rahane mAtra se mAyA kI prasUti nahIM,/unake prati/lagAva-cAva bhI anivArya hai|" (pR. 298) agni-parIkSA ke uparAnta kumbha kA nirdoSa honA aura saMkalpa kI dizA meM agrasara hone kA prayAsa kaisA vilakSaNa aura sukhada hai : "lo, kumbha ko avA se bAhara nikale/do-tIna dina bhI vyatIta na hue usake mana meM zubha-bhAva kA umar3ana/batA rahA hai sabako ki, aba nA patana, utpatana"/uttarottara unnayana-unnayana/nUtana bhaviSya-zasya bhAgya kA ughar3ana !/basa,/aba durlabha nahIM kucha bhI ise saba kucha smmukh"smkss|" (pR. 299) "mAnApamAna samAna jinheM,/yoga meM nizcala meru -sama, upayoga meM nizchala dhenu-sama,/lokaiSaNA se pare hoM/mAtra zuddha-tattva kI gaveSaNA meM pare ho;/chidrAnveSI nahIM/guNa-grAhI hoM, pratikUla zatruoM para kabhI barasate nahIM,/anukUla mitroM para/kabhI harasate nahIM,/aura khyAti-kIrti-lAbha para/kabhI tarasate nhiiN|" (pR. 300) "krUra nahIM, siMha-sama nirbhIka/kisI se kucha bhI mAMga nahIM bhIkha, prabhAkara-sama paropakArI/pratiphala kI ora/kabhI bhUla kara bhI nA nihAreM, nidrAjayI, indriya-vijayI/jalAzaya-sama sadAzayI mitAhArI. hita-mita-bhASI/cinmaya-maNi ke hoM abhilASI; nija-doSoM ke prakSAlana hetu Atma-nindaka hoM/para nindA karanA to dUra, para-nindA sunane ko bhI/jinake kAna utsuka nahIM hote/mAno hoM bahare ! yazasvI, manasvI aura tapasvI/hokara bhI,/apanI prazaMsA ke prasaMga meM jina kI rasanA gUMgI banatI hai|" (pR. 301) pRSTha saMkhyA 312 se eka anya prakaraNa seTha kA, jo samAgantuka gaNyamAna atithi kA apane nivAsa para bhojanArtha Ane para unakA yathAvidhi AhvAna karatA hai / navavidha satkAra karatA huA, vinamra bana, jayagAna karatA hai : "pakSapAta se dUroM kI/yathAjAta yatizUroM kI/dayA-dharma ke mUloM kI sAmya-bhAva ke pUroM kI/jaya ho ! jaya ho ! jaya ho !/bhava-sAgara ke kUloM kI ziva-Agara ke cUloM kI/saba-kucha sahate dhIroM kI/vidhi-mala dhote nIroM kI
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________________ jaya ho ! jaya ho ! jaya ho !" (pR. 315) kumbha dvArA kAvya paMktiyA~ sunAne para seTha ko prabodha milA / bhrAntiyA~ dUra ho giiN| abhyAgata kA svAgata : mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 293 "mana zuddha hai / vacana zuddha hai / tana zuddha hai aura / anna-pAna zuddha hai / Aie svAmin !" (pR. 323) punazca, sva-uddhAra kI vinaya ina zabdoM meM huI : "zaraNa, caraNa haiM Apake, / tAraNa taraNa jahAja, bhava-dadhi taTa taka le calo / karuNAkara gururAja !" (pR. 325 ) jala, candana, akSata Adi aSTa maMgala dravyoM dvArA pUjana ke uparAnta AhAra karane hetu Agraha kiyA jAtA hai| prasaMgAnusAra bhUkha vyAkhyA kI gaI : "bhUkha do prakAra kI hotI hai/ eka tana kI, eka mana kI ' (pR. 328) tathA "ye sArI indriyA~ jar3a haiM, / jar3a kA upAdAna jar3a hI hotA hai, / jar3a meM koI cAha nahIM hotI / jar3a kI koI rAha nahIM hotI /... parasa-rasa- gandha / rUpa aura zabda / ye jar3a ke dharma haiM/ jar3a ke karma / " (pR. 328-330 ) abhyAgata ke samakSa rajata evaM svarNa kalazoM dvArA dugdha evaM ikSurasa ke dAna kA prayAsa kiyA gayA / sphaTika jhArI dvArA anAra rasa kA nivedana huA / para, yaha kyA ? abhyAgata ko toSa nahIM milA / vaha idhara-udhara dekhane lagA / mAnoM apanA prApya cAha rahA ho / ukta pAtroM kI ora to usakI dRSTi taka nahIM utthii| acAnaka mATI kA kumbha Age bar3hAyA seTha ne aura- "atithi kI aMjuli khula par3atI hai/ svAti ke dhavalima jala-kaNoM ko dekha / sAgara- ura para tairatI zuktikA kI bhA~ti ! / cAra-pA~ca aMjuli jala-pAna huaa|" (pR. 331-332) isI prakaraNa meM 'gartapUrNa vRtti, 'gocarI vRtti, 'agnizAmaka vRtti' tathA 'bhrAmarI vRtti' kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| seTha parivAra sAnanda praphullatA kA anubhava karatA hai / aura seTha ke gaura varNa ke yugala karoM meM mATI kA kumbha zobhA pA rahA hai kanakAbharaNa meM jar3e hue nIlama - sA / kumbha dvArA seTha ke prati kRtajJatA jJApana kA bhAva / mANika maNi se kha svarNamudrA saMyukta karoM se atithi kA caraNa sparza / kyoMki - "pUjyapadoM kI pUjA se hI / manavAMchita phala milatA hai" (pR. 337) / rajata mudrA, kuNDala, pItAmbara, bAla kI laToM ke aTapaTApana Adi para kavi dvArA manohArI TippaNiyA~ prastuta kI gaI haiM / atithi ke darzana hetu prativeziyoM kA ikaTThA honA prAMgaNa meM / AzIrvAda ke nimitta samaveta darzanArthiyoM kI prArthanA / seTha dvArA aneka praznoM kA uThAyA jAnA / atithi zramaNa dvArA una sabakA samAdhAna, yathA : "6 'AtmA ko chor3akara / saba padArthoM ko vismRta karanA hI sahI puruSArtha hai / " (pR. 349) "" taduparAnta nija nivAsa kI ora prtyaagmn| phira kumbha aura seTha kA saMvAda hotA hai| pItala kalaza ke kSobha kA udghaattn| A~khoM aura caraNoM para tarkapUrNa TippaNI / zramaNa kI paribhASA 'zrama kare so zramaNa / " svarNa ke kalaza dvArA santa ke nAma kI sArthakatA para vyaMgya / phira mATI aura svarNa kI tulanA evaM mahattA para pravacana / asaMyamI evaM saMyamI kA mazAla evaM dIpaka dRSTAnta dvArA stavana / kumbha - jhArI saMvAda meM jhArI ko 'pApa kI putalI' sunakara AlApa / grantha meM vidyamAna prAyaH sabhI pAtroM ne mATI ke pAtra kA upahAsa ur3AyA aura use mUlyahIna batAyA / eka anya prakaraNa matkuNa kA hai, jisake dvArA kavi ne sAmAjika sthitiyoM evaM Adhunika yuga-bodha se avagata karAyA hai, yathA : 1
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________________ 294 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "isa bAta ko maiM bhI mAnatA hU~ ki/jIvanopayogI kucha padArtha hote haiM, gRha-gRhaNI ghRta-ghaTAdika/unakA grahaNa hotA hI hai/isIlie santoM ne pANigrahaNa saMskAra ko/dhArmika saMskRti kA/saMrakSaka evaM unnAyaka mAnA hai| parantu kheda hai ki/lobhI pApI mAnava/pANigrahaNa ko bhI prANa-grahaNa kA rUpa dete haiN|" (pR. 386) acAnaka seTha rugNa ho gyaa| sArA zarIra agni-sA dahaka uThA / macchara-matkuNa dvArA aneka upadeza die gae seTha ko / kabhI dakSiNA ke sambandha meM to kabhI udAratA ke sambandha meM / kaNa aura mana, prabhAta velA, vaidya samUha kA Agamana tathA roga kA kAraNa jAnakara use dUra karane kA prayAsa kiyA gyaa| prakRti ke viparIta calanA hI roga ko Amantrita karanA hai| yogI aura bhogI kI vyavasthA, puruSa aura prakRti kA sambandha nirUpita huA, yathA : 0 "puruSa meM jo kucha bhI/kriyAyeM-pratikriyAyeM hotI haiM,/calana-sphuraNa-spandana, unakA sabakA abhivyaktikaraNa,/puruSa ke jIvana kA jJApana prakRti para hI AdhArita hai |/prkRti yAnI nArI/nAr3I ke vilaya meM puruSa kA jIvana hI samApta!" (pR. 392-393) "puruSa aura prakRti/ina donoM ke khela kA nAma hI/saMsAra hai, yaha kahanA mUr3hatA hai, moha kI mahimA mAtra!/khela khelane vAlA to puruSa hai/aura prakRti khilaunA mAtra !/svayaM ko khilaunA banAnA/koI khela nahIM hai, vizeSa khilAr3I kI bAta hai yaha !" (pR. 394) 0 "prakRti aura puruSa kA paricaya,/veda milA, bheda khulA 'prakRti kA prema pAye binA/puruSa kA puruSArtha phalatA nhiiN|" (pR. 394-395) manuSya mAtra ko cAhie ki vaha aisA prayAsa kare jisase koI roga hI na ho / kAraNa ko yadi vibhakta/samApta kara diyA jAe to phira kArya hogA hI nhiiN| yaha sUkti nahIM sunI Apa sabane kyA...? "mATI, pAnI aura havA/sau rogoM kI eka dvaa|" (pR. 399) seTha ne prAkRtika cikitsA ke mAdhyama se Arogya prApta kiyA / oMkAra kI upAsanA karate hue kavi dvArA parAvAk, pazyantI, madhyamA, vaikharI vANI ke udAharaNa die gae haiN| mRdA upacAra dvArA sAre kaSToM kA nivAraNa sambhava hai| AhAra-vihAra kI upayuktatA nIroga hone meM sahAyaka evaM lAbhaprada hai / isake pazcAt Aja kI bhautikatA kI pragati para tIkhA vyaMgya karate hue kavi apanA mantavya prakaTa karatA hai : "svarNa ke kumbha-kalaza thAliyA~/rajata ke loTe-pyAle-pyAliyA~, jalIya-doSoM ke vAraka/tAmra ke ghaTa-ghadU -hAMDiyA~ bar3I-bar3I parAta bhagoniyA~ "aise/Adi-Adi maulika bartanoM ko beca-beca kara/jaghanya sadoSa bartanoM ko/mola le rahe haiM dhanI, dhImAn taka / Aja bAjAra meM Adara ke sAtha/bAta-bAta para ispAta para hI saba kA dRSTipAta hai| jela meM bhI/aparAdhI ke hAtha-pairoM meM/ispAta kI hI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 295 hathakar3iyA~ aura ber3iyA~ hotI haiN|/khaaN taka kaheM/aura "idhara yuvA-yuvatiyoM ke hAthoM meM bhI/ispAta ke hI kar3e milate haiN| kyA yahI vijJAna hai ?/kyA yahI vikAsa hai ? basa/sonA so gayA aba/lohA se lohA lohA !" (pR. 412-413) Adhunika yugabodha aura paristhitiyoM kA Akalana karate hue kavi ne kanaka-kalazI ke mAdhyama se (svarNa meM sArI burAiyA~ nihita haiM) IrSyA aura jalana ko uksaayaa| aura svarNa kA Azraya pA AtaMkavAda ne DerA DAla diyaa| aneka SaDyantroM kI racanA kI gii| Aja ke daMge, mAnApamAna aura apane astitva kI rakSA ke nimitta loga svArtha ke vazIbhUta ho kyA-kyA anAcAra nahIM kara uThate ? dala parivartana kI prakriyA kI kaisI locanA kI gaI hai : "Aja AyegA AtaMkavAda kA dala,/Apatti kI A~dhI le AdhI rAta meN| aura idhara,/svarNa-kalaza ke sammukha/bar3I samasyA A khar3I huI, ki apane meM hI eka aura/asantuSTa-dala kA nirmANa huA hai| liye-nirNaya ko nakArA hai usane/anyAya-asabhyatA kahA hai ise, apane sahayoga-samarthana ko/svIkRti nahIM dI hai |/nyaay kI vedI para anyAya kA tANDava-nRtya/mata karo, kahA hai|/us dala kI saMcAlikA haisphaTika kI ujalI jhArI/vaha/prabhAvita hai mATI ke kumbha se! dhIre-dhIre/jhArI kI samajhadArI/bahutoM ko samajha meM Ane lagI hai,/aura jhArI kA pakSa/sabala hotA jA rahA hai, anaayaas|" (pR. 419-420) isa prakAra Atma-surakSA hetu seTha parivAra ne pRSThadvAra se palAyana kara, bA~soM ke jhuramuTa meM, vanasthalI kI harItikA kI kroDa meM zAnti evaM surakSA kI sA~sa lI / vaMzamuktA evaM gajamuktA kI vivecanA kI gaI / gajayUtha dvArA seTha parivAra kA saMrakSaNa huaa| viSadharoM ke byAja se krUratA dharmoM kA vivecana huA / nAga-nAgina saMvAda / 'uraga' zabda kI vyaMjanA: "padavAle hI padopalabdhi hetu/para ko pada-dalita karate haiM, pApa-pAkhaNDa karate haiN|/prbhu se prArthanA hai ki/apada hI bane raheM hama ! jitane bhI pada haiM/vaha vipadAoM ke Aspada haiM,/pada-lipsA kA viSadhara vaha bhaviSya meM bhI hameM na sUMghe/basa yahI bhAvanA hai, vibho !" (pR. 434) isameM prakRti ke raudra rUpa ko darzAte hue pralaya dRzya evaM AtaMkavAda ke pariNAmasvarUpa rASTra kI durgati kA vivecana huA hai, jo saca hai : "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda/zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI dharatI yaha,/ye A~kheM aba/AtaMkavAda ko dekha nahIM sktiiN|" (pR. 441) vaise sarala paMktiyoM dvArA kavi ne yuga satya ko udghoSita kara DAlA hai| nadI ke byAja se pravahamAn jIvana kI zreSThatA kA pratipAdana karate hue kavi ne Age uttama giri-zikhara se prAdurbhUta saritA kI kuTila gati ke vivecana ke sAtha hI dharatI zabda kI sundara abhivyaMjanA bhI kI hai, yathA :
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________________ 296 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "dharatI zabda kA bhI bhAva/viloma rUpa se yahI nikalatA haidha"ra"tI tIra"/yAnI,/jo tIra ko dhAraNa karatI hai yA zaraNAgata ko/tIra para dharatI hai/vahI dharatI kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 452) samAjavAda kI vyAkhyA kI gaI, para vyaMgyAtmaka hai / kaisI saccI evaM preraka paMktiyA~ haiM kavi kI : "AcaraNa ke sAmane Ate hI/prAya: caraNa thama jAte haiM aura/AvaraNa ke sAmane Ate hI/prAya: nayana nama jAte haiN|" (pR. 462) yAtrA ke samApana kI ora agrasara hote hue parivAra sahita seTha kA saritA santaraNa evaM AtaMkavAdI vicAradhArA ke mUrtamAn svarUpa se surakSA prApta kara 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kI bhAvanA kA digdarzana huA hai, yathA : "kumbha ke mukha se nikala rahI haiM/maMgala-kAmanA kI paMktiyA~ : "yahA~"saba kA sadA/jIvana bane maMgalamaya/chA jAve sukha-chA~va, sabake saba TaleM-/amaMgala-bhAva,/saba kI jIvana latA harita-bharita viha~sita ho/guNa ke phUla vilasita hoM nAzA kI AzA miTe/AmUla mahaka uThe/"basa !" (pR. 478) kavi kI antaH evaM bAhya vRtti kI jhA~kI AbhA ke mAnavIkaraNa meM jhalaka uThI hai / nAyikA ke aise bhAva evaM sundara citra kI jhalaka aura kahA~ sulabha hogI ? : "bAla-bhAnu kI bhAsvara AbhA/nirantara uThatI caMcala laharoM meM ulajhatI huI-sI lagatI hai/ki/gulAbI sAr3I pahane/madavatI abalA-sI snAna karatI-karatI/lajjAvaza sakucA rahI hai / " (pR. 479) bhAva, bhASA, chanda, alaMkAra, rIti aura zailI-sabhI rUpoM meM jaba hama AcArya vidyAsAgara praNIta 'mUkamATI' kAvyakRti para vicAra karate haiM to vaha parIkSA ke nikaSa para kharI utaratI hai / isameM pade-pade kavi kI bahujJatA to pradarzita hotI hI hai, sAtha-hI-sAtha darzana ke pramukha tattva bhI prakArAntara se svarNa mudrikA meM maNi kI bhA~ti alaMkRta pratIta hote haiN| yaha kRti usa nArikela phala ke sadRza hai jisakA bAhya AvaraNa atyanta kaThora, kintu antaHkaraNa sarasa aura madhura hotA hai / niHsandeha pratibhAsampanna yugasanta AcArya vidyAsAgarajI dvArA praNIta yaha atukAnta kAvyakRti vicArodadhi se prAdurbhUta vaha navanIta hai, jisase mUkamATI kI cirantana pIr3A ko pUrNa virAma milatA hai / devAsura-saMgrAma ke samaya samudra vimanthana se nikalI huI sudhA, vasudhA ko amaratva pradAna kare aura samUcI sRSTi se vaiSamya kA viSa vigalita ho-isI kAmanA ke sAtha meM isa kRti aura kRtikAra kA abhivandana karatA hU~ : "isIlie ina/zabdoM para vizvAsa lAo,/hA~ ! hA~ !! vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI/avazya milegI/magara/mArga meM nahIM, maMjila para! aura/mahA-mauna meM/DUbate hue santa"/aura mAhaula ko animeSa nihaartii-sii/"muukmaattii|" (pR. 488)
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________________ 'mUkamATI': AtmA ke saMgIta kI kavitA DaoN. tejapAla caudharI 'mUkamATI' eka apratima mahAkAvya hai-mAnava kI muktiyAtrA kA mArgadarzaka, vItarAga jIvana kI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA paripAka, UrdhvamukhI cintana kA carama bindu aura loka maMgala kI kAmanA se Adyanta otaprota, jise par3ha kara eka alaukika Ananda milatA hai| 'mUkamATI' kI sarvottama upalabdhi adhyAtma jaise durUha evaM sImita saMvedya viSaya ko kAvyAtmakatA kI cAzanI meM pAga kara sarvasaMvedya banA denA hai| svayaMtapA jIvanadraSTA muni sAdhanA aura tapazcaryA ke dvArA jIvana-satya kA jo sAkSAtkAra karate haiM, usakI caritArthatA usake sampreSaNa meM nihita hotI hai / 'mUkamATI' isI saduddezya kI pUrti kA saphala prayAsa hai| grantha kA kathya eka aura tathya kI ora saMketa karatA hai ki koI bhI dharma AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI UparI sIr3hI para pahu~cakara sarvagrAhya mAnava dharma meM parivartita ho jAtA hai / vahA~ pahu~ca kara sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatAe~ vigalita ho jAtI haiM aura zeSa raha jAtI hai vyApaka sattvapradhAna dRSTi, jo sampUrNa mAnavatA ke kalyANa kA vidhAna karatI hai / 'mUkamATI' aise hI vyApaka mAnava dharma kI pratiSThA kA mahAkAvya hai| 'mUkamATI' kA mahAkAvyatva asandigdha hai / mahAkAvya kI zAstrIya kasauTI hAtha meM lie khar3A samIkSaka zAyada kahegA ki isakA kathAnaka vyApaka nahIM hai, yA ki isameM dhIrodAtta nAyakatva kI pratiSThA nahIM huI hai, yA ki isameM rasa kA samyak paripAka nahIM huA hai, yA ki isameM ATha nahIM cAra hI sarga haiM, yA ki isakA vastu varNana mahAkAvya ke mAnadaNDoM kI koTi kA nahIM hai, aadi...aadi| ye saba prazna apanI jagaha ThIka haiM, parantu 'mUkamATI' phira bhI mahAkAvya hai| isameM kathya aura zailI kI jo udAttatA hai, vaha ise mahAkAvya banAtI hai| ye prazna sarvathA nae nahIM haiN| prAya: hara yuga meM ye prazna uThAe gae haiM aura hara bAra AcAryoM ko nae mahAkAvya ke anusAra apanI kasauTiyA~ badalanI par3I haiN| kathAnaka kI vyApakatA kI bAta kareM, to hama pAe~ge ki pUre mahAkAvya kI kahAnI ko ATha-dasa paMktiyoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai / eka kumhAra ghar3A banAne ke lie miTTI khodakara lAtA hai, use kUTatA-chAnatA hai, usake kaMkarapatthara dUra karatA hai, usameM pAnI DAlakara gUMthatA hai, cakra para car3hAkara ghar3A banAtA hai, use suDaula banAne ke lie thapakI se pITatA hai, kacce ghar3e ko sukhAtA hai, use ave meM pakAtA hai aura jaba ghar3A bana jAtA hai, to use eka zraddhAlu seTha ko sauMpa detA hai, jisase vaha guru-pAda-prakSAlana ke puNya kArya ke lie usakA upayoga kara ske| - isa ghutama kathA ko eka pradIrgha kAvya kA viSaya banAnA aura kathA saMyojana meM bikharAva na Ane denA, eka lokottara kavi ke hI bUte kI bAta hai| pratIkAtmaka stara para kathAnaka kA avagAhana kareM to yaha kathA parata-dara-parata jIvana ke rahasya kholatI huI pratIta hotI hai| kathA se eka satya to yahI ubharakara sAmane AtA hai ki jIvana kI dhanyatA gantavya taka pahu~cane aura apane lakSya ko prApta karane meM nihita hai / parantu vaha maMz2ila sahaja prApya nahIM hotii| usake lie sAdhaka ko kaThora tapazcaryA karanI par3atI hai / use pAnI meM galanA par3atA hai, Atapa meM sUkhanA par3atA hai, Aga meM tapanA par3atA hai| parantu jaba vaha tapakara bAhara nikalatA hai to usakA mUlya sampannatA ke lie bhI IrSyA kI vastu bana jAtA hai| miTTI ke ghar3e ke prati svarNa kalaza kA IrSyAbhAva gambhIra arthavattA lie hue hai| __ miTTI ko prakRti kA pratIka mAnA jAe to eka anya artha prasphuTita hotA huA dRSTigocara hotA hai / Aja hamArA miTTI se samparka TUTa gayA hai| miTTI kI garimA ko bhulAkara hama vaijJAnika saMsAdhanoM ke dAsa ho gae haiN| Aja hama jisa AtmaghAtI upabhoktA saMskRti meM jI rahe haiM, vaha hameM parAzritatA kI pIr3A ke sivAya kucha nahIM detii| eka kSaNa ke lie vidyut pravAha khaNDita ho jAe to hama svayaM ko bebasa anubhava karane lagate haiN| hama anna, jala aura vastra hI nahIM,
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________________ 298 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA vAyu taka kRtrima srotoM se grahaNa karate haiM / kintu miTTI hameM prakRti se jor3atI hai, RjutA se jor3atI hai, jIvana kI saralatA se jor3atI hai| AcAryajI ne caturtha sarga meM zreSThI kI mUrchA ke prasaMga meM miTTI ke auSadhIya guNoM kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai : "chUne ko mana macale/aisI chanI huI/kuMkuma-mRdu-kAlI mATI meM napA-tulA zItala jala milA,/use rauMdha-rauMdha kara/ekameka loMdA banA, eka Topa banA kara/mUrchA ke pratikAra hetu/sarva prathama, seTha jI ke sara para car3hAyA gyaa|" (pR. 400) ''aura Azcarya...usa miTTI ke Topa ne sira kI uSNatA ko isa prakAra sokha liyA, jaise garma lohe kI tapatI uSNatA ko pAnI sokha letA hai| 'mUkamATI' cAra sargoM meM vibhAjita hai / sargoM ke nAma eka-eka dArzanika satya ko abhivyakti dete haiN| 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' varNasaMkaratA kI pahelI kA sahI samAdhAna prastuta karatA hai / kumbhakAra miTTI ko saMskAra detA hai / kUTa-chAna kara usakI varNasaMkaratA dUra karatA hai| kaMkara bilagA die jAte haiM aura zuddha miTTI ghar3e ke sRjana ke lie rakha lI jAtI hai| vahA~ kavi saMkaratA aura varNa-lAbha ke antara ko spaSTa karatA hai-paraspara virodhI gaNadharma vAle padArthoM kA milana saMkaratA hai to samAnadharmI padArthoM kA milana varNa-lAbha / Aka ke dUdha aura gAya ke dUdha kA milana saMkaratA hai, aprAkRtika hai, aniSTakArI hai to nIra-kSIra-milana varNa-lAbha hai, prAkRtika prakriyA hai| dasare sarga kA zIrSaka hai - 'zabda so bodha nahIM: bodha so zodha nahIM' / yaha jJAna aura vyavahAra kI uttama paribhASA hai / zabda ko zabda ke stara taka jAnanA 'bodha' nahIM hai / zabda prathama sopAna para abhidhAtmaka hotA hai, usakA abhipreta artha jisa bindu para prakaTa hotA hai, vaha bodha kI sImA rekhA hai| parantu zabda kI yAtrA yahIM samApta nahIM hotI / usakI maMz2ila to 'zodha' hai, jo zabda-vRkSa kA paripakva phala hai : "bodha ke siMcana binA/zabdoM ke paudhe ye kabhI lahalahAte nahIM, yaha bhI satya hai, ki/zabdoM ke paudhoM para/sugandha makaranda-bhare bodha ke phUla kabhI mahakate nahIM,/...bodha kA phUla jaba DhalatA badalatA, jisameM/vaha pakva phala hI to/zodha kahalAtA hai|"(pR.106-107) tIsarA sarga 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' hai / pApa aura puNya kI AcAryapravara kI dhAraNA mukhyatayA paradravyeSu loSThvat' kI sUkti para AdhArita hai / pApa kA prArambha hI para-sampadA para dRSTi DAlane se hotA hai| yaha mAnasika corI hai aura caurya karma kAyika corI hai| kisI bhI duSkarma meM hamArI pravRtti pahale mana ke stara para hotI hai, jo uttarottara kAyika vyavahAra meM pariNata ho jAtI hai / kavi kA kathana hai : "para-sampadA kI ora dRSTi jAnA/ajJAna ko batAtA hai, aura/para-sampadA haraNa kara saMgraha karanA moha-mUrchA kA atireka hai|" (pR. 189) kumbhakAra kI anupasthiti meM usake prAMgaNa meM motiyoM kI varSA hotI hai| ye motI parizrama se upaje haiM, parantu rAjA ke sevaka unheM sameTane usake ghara pahu~ca jAte haiN| kintu jyoM hI ve jhukakara unheM uThAne meM pravRtta hote haiM, AkAzavANI hotI hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 299 "anartha anartha anartha !/pApa "pApa"pApa !/kyA kara rahe Apa...? parizrama karo/pasInA bahAo/bAhubala milA hai tumheM karo puruSArtha sahI/puruSa kI pahacAna karo shii|" (pR. 211-212) lagatA hai, kavi kahanA cAhatA hai ki binA zrama ke jo hama pAte haiM, vaha pauruSahIna karma hai, corI hai, pApa hai| caturtha sarga 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' to jaise mAnava ke samasta cintana kA sAra hai| kumbha kA ave meM tapAyA jAnA hI usakI agni-parIkSA hai, tapazcaryA hai / doSoM aura avaguNoM ko bhasmasAt karane kI prakriyA hai / manuSya bhI jaba taka kumbha kI taraha kaSToM se nahIM guz2aratA, usake vyaktitva meM nikhAra nahIM aataa| viSayAsakti kA damana, moha kA tyAga, kAma Adi kamaz2oriyoM para vijaya hI usakI agni-parIkSA hai / kavipravara kahate haiM : "agni-parIkSA ke binA Aja taka/kisI ko bhI mukti milI nahIM, na hI bhaviSya meM milegii|" (pR. 275) 'mUkamATI' kA mUla svara pravacanaparaka hai| kavi kI lekhanI mAnava-vyavahAra ke zubhra pakSa kA sandeza dene ke lie saMkalpita hai| ata: isa mahAkAvya meM zucitA ke hara pakSa se pAThaka kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai / granthakAra kA uddezya mokSa kA mArga prazasta karanA hai / aneka sthAnoM para vibhinna zabdoM meM vaha mokSa ke sAdhanoM kA ullekha karatA hai| eka sthAna para kahA gayA hai: "vAsanA kA vilAsa/moha hai,/dayA kA vikAsa/mokSa haieka jIvana ko burI taraha/jalAtI hai... bhayaMkara hai, aMgAra hai ! eka jIvana ko pUrI taraha/jilAtI hai."/zubhaMkara hai, zRMgAra hai|" (pR. 38) moha ke parityAga aura mokSa kI prApti ke lie kaThora vrata kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| vaha anAyAsa siddha nahIM hotA / parvata kI talahaTI meM khar3e hokara hama ucca zikhara kI bhavyatA dekha to sakate haiM, parantu usa bhavyatA kA sparza karane ke lie caraNoM kA prayoga karanA z2arUrI hai| kSamA mokSa kA praveza dvAra hai / vaha devatva kA mArga hai / jaba mAnava kA anta:karaNa rAga-dveSa Adi kAluSyoM se mukta ho jAtA hai, taba kSamAvRtti kA aMkuraNa hotA hai / kSamA ke mArga kI sabase bar3I bAdhA pratizodha kI bhAvanA hai| isIlie 'mUkamATI' kA sandeza hai : "badale kA bhAva vaha anala hai/jo jalAtA hai tana ko bhI, cetana ko bhii|" (pR. 98) komalatA aura kaThoratA ke sambandha meM bhI kavi ke vicAra preraka evaM mArgadarzaka haiN| sAmAnyatayA hama kisI ke bAhya kalevara ko dekhakara usakI komalatA aura kaThoratA kA nirNaya kara lete haiM, kintu kaI bAra bAda meM mahasUsa karate haiM ki hamArA nirNaya kitanA pUrvagraha dUSita aura ekAMgI thA / caturtha sarga meM guru caraNoM kI arcanA ke sandarbha meM zrIphala kahatA "hamAre bhItara jarA jhA~ko,/mRdutA aura kAThinya kI sahI pahacAna tana ko nahIM,/hRdaya ko chUkara hotI hai / " (pR. 311)
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________________ 300 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA aparigraha mokSa-prApti kA anyatama siddhAnta hai / jisa zramaNa saMskRti kI AcAryoM ne pratiSThA kI thI, vaha tyAga kI usa parAkASThA para TikI thI, jahA~ vastra aura pAtra taka tyAjya ho jAte haiN| bhojana ke lie pAtra kA upayoga na karane vAlA sAdhaka hI pAtra' kahalAtA hai| kavi kA upadeza hai : "pAtra ke binA kabhI/pAnI kA jIvana Tika nahIM sakatA, aura/pAtra ke binA kabhI/prANI kA jIvana Tika nahIM sakatA, parantu/pAtra se pAnI pIne vAlA/uttama pAtra ho nahIM sktaa|" (pR. 335) sAdhu kI 'gocarI vRtti' kI bhI vivecya mahAkAvya meM sundara vyAkhyA huI hai / bhUkha laganA eka zArIrika AvazyakatA hai, ata: udara-bharaNa prAkRtika kriyA hai| usameM koI doSa yA pApa nahIM hai| kintu jihvA kI tuSTi ke lie SaDrasa vyaMjanoM kI ora daur3anA Asakti hai / dAtA jo de, use nirvikAra bhAva se grahaNa karanA sAdhu svabhAva hai / ise samatAdharmI vRtti bhI kahA gayA hai| itanA hI nahIM, dAtA ke saundarya ko dekhanA bhI AkarSaNa' hai| sAdhu usase mukta rahatA hai| jisa taraha bhUkhI gAya kI dRSTi cAre para rahatI hai, cArA DAlane vAle ke vastrAlaMkAroM para nhiiN| yahI 'gocarI vRtti' hai| 'mUkamATI' kA kavi zAstrIya evaM laukika jJAna ke vibhinna pakSoM se sampanna hai, bahujJa hai| saMgIta kI saragama se lekara gaNita ke gUr3ha kintu manoraMjaka siddhAntoM taka kA 'mUkamATI' meM ullekha huA hai / kAvyazAstra ke paramparAgata siddhAntoM se asahamati rakhate hue kavi ne zAnta rasa ko jo sarvocca sthAna pradAna kiyA hai, vaha unake maulika cintana kA pramANa hai / zAnta eka alaukika rasa hai / karuNa jIvana kA prANa hai, parantu vaha laukika hai| vAtsalya bhI laukika hai| kintu zAnta lokottara 'rasa' hai / saba rasoM kI pariNati zAnta meM hotI hai| kavi kA kathana hai : "jahA~ taka zAnta rasa kI bAta hai/vaha AtmasAta karane kI hI hai kama zabdoM meM/niSedha-mukha se kaha~ saba rasoM kA anta honA hI-/zAnta-rasa hai|" (pR. 160) hAsya ko to munipravara ne garhita kaSAya mAnA hai / sampUrNa kAvya gambhIra cintana se otaprota hai, basa eka sthAna para halkA-sA mRdu hAsya hai, vaha bhI kavi kI sAttvika pIr3A se janmA hai, ata: vyaMgya hai| samAjavAda kI vartamAna sthiti para prahAra karate hue ve kahate haiM : "AsthA kahA~ hai samAjavAda meM tumhArI ?/sabase Age maiM samAja bAda meM !" (pR. 461) vastuta: yahI Aja ke samAjavAda kA asalI ceharA hai| paramparAgata mAnyatAoM ke viparIta-jo nArI ko viSavRkSa yA naraka kA dvAra mAnatI haiM-AcArya vidyAsAgara mahArAja nArI ke viSaya meM atyanta udAra haiM / ve use sadguNoM kA samavAya mAnate haiN| nArI pApabhIru aura dharmaniSTha hotI hai| zatrutA to unheM sparza bhI nahIM karatI, isIlie use 'nArI-na ari' kahA gayA haivaha utsava-Ananda lAtI hai, ata: 'mahilA' hai; vaha 'balA' nahIM, ata: 'abalA' hai; pRthvI para samRddhi lAtI hai, ata: 'kumArI' hai; acchAiyoM kA samUha hai, ata: sutA hai; do kuloM kA hita karatI hai, ata: duhitA hai / nArI jananI hai, mA~ hai| virakta santoM ke lie kAvya kA prayojana kevala 'svAntaH sukhAya' mAnA gayA hai / parantu 'mUkamATI' kA kavi
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 301 krAntadraSTA muni hai, sAdhaka hai, upadeSTA hai, janaduHkha-kAtara hai, unakA 'svAnta: sukha' 'sarvahita' meM nihita hai / ata: adhyAtma ke saMsAra se bAhara nikalakara unakI dRSTi bIca-bIca meM duHkhada yugIna sthitiyoM taka bhI pahu~cI hai / kahIM ve gaNatantra ke doSoM kA avalokana karate haiM, to kahIM 'samatA siddhAnta' kI vyAkhyA karate naz2ara Ate haiM; kabhI ve daheja bali para dravita hote haiM to kabhI bhautika pragati kI ekAMgitA para cintA vyakta karate haiN| daheja lobhI samAja ke vyavahAra para munivara kI pratikriyA draSTavya hai : "...santoM ne/pANigrahaNa saMskAra ko/dhArmika saMskRti kA saMrakSaka evaM unnAyaka mAnA hai|/prntu kheda hai ki/lobhI pApI mAnava pANigrahaNa ko bhI/prANa-grahaNa kA rUpa dete haiN|" (pR. 386) itanA hI nahIM, AtaMkavAda jaisI yugIna asaMgatiyA~ bhI kavi kI dRSTi se chUTa nahIM pAIM / svarNakalaza miTTI ke ghar3e se avajJA pAkara AtaMkavAda kA AhvAna karatA hai / AtaMkavAda ke janma kI sthitiyoM kA vizleSaNa karate hue 'mUkamATI'kAra likhate haiM : "mAna ko TIsa pahu~cane se hI,/AtaMkavAda kA avatAra hotA hai / ati-poSaNa yA atizoSaNa kA bhI/yahI pariNAma hotA hai, taba/jIvana kA lakSya banatA hai, zodha nahIM, badale kA bhAva "pratizodha !" (pR. 418) 'mUkamATI' kI eka-eka paMkti preraka, udbodhaka aura uddharaNIya hai, parantu katipaya pRSThoM kI samIkSA meM mahAkAvya ke vistAra ko sameTanA kahA~ sambhava hai ? vivecya mahAkAvya meM kathya ke stara para jaisI bhavyatA aura udAttatA hai, vaisI hI zilpa ke stara para bhI dikhAI detI hai / vizeSa kara kucha zabdoM kI pravacanaparaka vyutpatti aura vyutkramajanya artha to camatkRta karane vAle haiM, jaise : 0 "svapna prAyaH niSphala hI hote haiM/ina para adhika vizvAsa hAnikAraka hai| 'sva' yAnI apanA/'' yAnI pAlana-saMrakSaNa/aura 'na' yAnI nahIM,/jo nija-bhAva kA rakSaNa nahIM kara sakatA vaha auroM ko kyA sahayoga degA ?" (pR. 295) "raga-raga meM/vizva kA tAmasa A bhara jAya/koI cintA nahIM, kintu, viloma-bhAva se/yAnI/tA " masa sa''ma''tA''.!" (pR. 284) 'yoga meM nizcala meru-sama, upayoga meM nizchala dhenu-sama' jaise upamAna kavi kI utkRSTa alaMkAra yojanA ke nidarzana haiN| kAvya mukta chanda meM hai, parantu usameM layAtmakatA hai| eka hI vAkya meM kaheM to 'mUkamATI' AtmA kA saMgIta hai, jo pAThaka kI cetanA para pratyakSa prabhAva DAlatA hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : kAvya - adhyAtma kA saMzleSa DaoN. satyadeva mizra jainamuni AcArya vidyAsAgara praNIta kAvya-grantha 'mUkamATI' AdhyAtmika kAvya hai, kAvya aura adhyAtma kA saMzliSTa rUpa hai / isa grantha meM Atma- -zuddhirata sAdhanA ke sopAnoM tathA loka-maMgalakAmI santa kI tapazcaryA kA rekhAMkana kumbhakAra dvArA nirmANa kI prakriyA ke rUpaka tathA viziSTa pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se huA hai| isa bhautika jagat kI nitAnta akiMcana evaM tuccha vastu miTTI ko mahAkAvya kI vastu ke rUpa meM svIkRti AcAryazrI kA koI romAMTika vyAmoha nahIM hai, varan isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki akiMcana aura apadArtha samajhe jAne vAle bhI mahAn ho sakate haiM, AvazyakatA sAdhanA kI hai, tapazcaraNa kI hai / samIkSita grantha cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai aura mahAkAvya kI saMjJA se abhihita bhii| mahAkAvya kI kasauTI para kasane se pUrva pratyeka khaNDa kA vastu - tAttvika vizleSaNa apekSita hai / prathama khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' kA prArambha prakRti ke manorama rUpAMkana se hotA hai : " sImAtIta zUnya meM / nIlimA bichAI, aura ...idhara nIce / nirI nIravatA chAI, nizA kA avasAna ho rahA hai/ uSA kI aba zAna ho rahI hai|" (pR. 1) uSAkAlIna velA meM jahA~ rAtri rUpI mA~ kI goda meM sotA huA sUrya, prAcI rUpiNI rAga-raMjita strI kI mandamanda muskAna se anuraMjita ho a~gar3AI lene lagatA hai, vahIM cA~danI aura tArAe~ - abalA bAlAe~ apane patideva candramA ke pIche-pIche chupane kA upakrama karatI haiN| aisI hI manohArI sandhi velA meM jahA~ na nizAkara hai na nizA, na divAkara hai na divA, patitA, tiraskRtA, pada- dalitA, yAtanAoM aura pIr3AoM kA puMjIbhUta svarUpa akiMcana mATI mA~ pRthvI ke sammukha eka abhAgina beTI kI bhA~ti apanI vyathA-kathA kahatI hai, aura usa vyathA-kathA ke mAdhyama se hI racanAkAra kA dArzanika cintana mukhara ho uThatA hai : "aura, saMkoca - zIlA / lAjavatI lAvaNyavatI - / saritA - taTa kI mATI apanA hRdaya kholatI hai/mA~ dharatI ke sammukha ! / svayaM patitA hU~ aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se, / adhama pApiyoM se / pada- dalitA hU~ mA~ ! ... yAtanAyeM pIr3AyeM ye !/ kitanI taraha kI vedanAyeM /... inakA chora hai yA nahIM ! ... aura suno, / vilamba mata karo / pada do, patha do / pAtheya bhI do mA~!" (pR. 4-5 ) isa prakAra jaina darzana aura adhyAtma ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM kA AkhyAna - krama prathama khaNDa se hI prArambha ho hai| vastuta: yahA~ santa kavi kI prasaMgodbhAvanA nitAnta maulika hai / grantha ke prArambha meM jisa vedanA-vyathA, yAtanA aura pIr3A kA rekhAMkana mATI ke sandarbha meM huA hai, use sAdhaka ke manovikAroM aura santrAsa ke prakSAlana kA hI upakrama mAnanA caahie| sAdhanA-patha meM karuNA kA udreka binA pIr3AnubhUti, vedanAnubhUti ke sambhava nahIM / aura kAruNika anubhUti hI Atma-zodhana aura Atma-vistAra kI pahalI sIr3hI hai| kumbhakAra kI parikalpanA meM mATI kA jo maMgala ghaTa udbhAsita huA hai, usake lie mATI kA parizodhana,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 303 usase kaMkara-patthara alaga karane kI kriyA, ThIka usI prakAra Avazyaka hai jisa prakAra mAnavAtmA ke utkarSa ke lie use kaTu bhautika (daihika) anubhUtiyoM se mukta karAnA / duHkhAnubhUtiyoM kA atikramaNa hI mAnavAtmA kA sahaja rUpa hai / AtmotkarSa kI isI prakriyA kA prastutIkaraNa mATI se maMgala ghaTa nirmANa karane kI kriyA meM antarnihita hai / prastuta grantha kA prathama khaNDa saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' isa dRSTi se pUrNa sArthaka hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki mATI jo abhI viparIta tattvoM (kaMkara-patthara Adi) ke kAraNa varNa-saMkara hai, maMgala ghaTa kA rUpAkAra grahaNa nahIM kara sakatI / vaha 'maMgala ghaTa' ke rUpa meM tabhI avatarita hogI jaba vaha varNa-lAbha karegI, apane zuddha svarUpa meM avasthita hogI arthAt mAnavAtmA mokSa-lAbha tabhI karegI jaba vaha rAga-dveSa, duHkha-sukha kI anubhUtiyoM kA atikramaNa kara apane parimArjita evaM sahaja rUpa meM pratisthApita hogii| yahA~ maMgala ghaTa' nirmANa kI zilpI dvArA kI gaI kriyA, vastuta: guru dvArA sAdhaka kI antazcetanA ke parimArjana, parizodhana kI prakriyA kI ora iMgita hai| sAdhanA, tapazcaraNa sAdhaka kI jIvana-yAtrA, usakI antazcetanA ke vikAsa kI, usakI AdhyAtmika yAtrA kI pahalI sIr3hI hai| mATI aura zilpI ke rUpaka dvArA kavi kA yahI sandeza hai : "kala ke prabhAta se/apanI yAtrA kA/sUtra-pAta karanA hai tumheM ! prabhAta meM kumbhakAra AyegA/patita se pAvana banane,/samarpaNa bhAva-sameta usake sukhada caraNoM meM/praNipAta karanA hai tumheM,/apanI yAtrA kA sUtra-pAta karanA hai tumheM !/...apane-apane kAraNoM se/sasapta-zaktiyA~laharoM-sI vyaktiyA~,/dina-rAta, basa/jJAta karanA hai tumheM, apanI yAtrA kA/sUtra-pAta karanA hai tumheM !"(pR. 16-17) prathama khaNDa munivara ke vicAra-manthana se udbhUta dArzanika-vaicArika upapattiyoM se ota-prota hai / ve saMgharSa ko hI jIvana kA sukhada upasaMhAra mAnate haiM : "saMgharSamaya jIvana kA/upasaMhAra niyamarUpa se/harSamaya hotA hai, dhanya !"(pR. 14) garIbI-amIrI, duHkha-sukha mAnava-jIvana ke tathya haiM / jIvana kA yathArtha-sAttvika jIvana kA yathArtha yahI hai| para-duHkhakAtaratA, vedanAnubhUti, sahajAnubhUti kA sampoSaNa tathA saMvedanadharmA bananA hI mAnava-jIvana kI sArthakatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki kavi vAsanA ko moha aura dayA ko mokSa mAnatA hai| 0 "vAsanA kA vilAsa/moha hai,/dayA kA vikAsa/mokSa hai eka jIvana ko burI taraha/jalAtI hai""/bhayaMkara hai, aMgAra hai ! eka jIvana ko pUrI taraha/jilAtI hai"/zubhaMkara hai, zRMgAra hai|" (pR. 38) . "vAsanA kI jIvana-paridhi/acetana hai"tana hai/dayA-karuNA niravadhi hai| karuNA kA kendra vaha/saMvedana-dharmA'cetana hai/pIyUSa kA ketana hai|" (pR. 39) kavi bhautika jagat meM apadArtha aura akiMcana samajhe jAne vAlI vastuoM aura jIvoM ko pratIkAtmaka DhaMga se atizaya kalyANakArI aura mAnavIya mUlyoM kA sampoSaka pramANita karatA hai / gadahA' zabda kI sArthakatA kI ora saMketa karate hue racanAkAra likhatA hai :
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________________ 304 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "gada kA artha hai roga/hA kA artha hai hAraka/maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA banU~ "basa,/aura kucha vAMchA nahIM/...Aja sArthaka banA nAma gada-hA"gadahA "dhanya !" (pR. 40-41) yahI nahIM, tuccha aura pada-dalita mATI aura akiMcana gadahA donoM hI parasparopagraho jIvAnAm' kI sUkti ko caritArtha karate haiM, yathA : " 'parasparopagraho jIvAnAm'/yaha sUtra-sUkti/caritArtha hotI hai ina donoM meM ! saba kucha jIvanta hai yahA~/jIvana ! ciraMjIvana !! saMjIvana !!!" (pR. 41) isa adhomukhI, besahArA jIvana ko UrdhvamukhI banAne ke lie kavi AtmasaMyama aura ahiMsA kI upAsanA karane kI salAha detA hai / hiMsA manuSya ko hamezA chalatI hai / mAnava-mana meM granthiyoM kA honA hI hiMsA ko janma detA hai / vastuta: granthi hiMsA kI sampAdikA hai aura nirgrantha-dazA, mana kI sahaja dazA hI ahiMsA kI poSaka hai / racanAkAra kI dRSTi meM nirgrantha-patha para calanA aura ahiMsA kI upAsanA karanA hI mAnava-jIvana kA pramukha kAmya honA caahie| jainadarzana ke isI mUla-mantra ko rekhAMkita karate hue munizrI likhate haiM : "hamArI upAsya-devatA/ahiMsA hai/aura/jahA~ gA~Tha-granthi hai vahA~ nizcita hI/hiMsA chalatI hai |/arth yaha huA ki granthi hiMsA kI sampAdikA hai/aura/nirgrantha-dazA meM hI/ahiMsA palatI hai... hama nirgrantha-pantha ke pathika haiM/isI pantha kI hamAre yahA~ carcA - arcA - prazaMsA/sadA calatI rahatI hai|" (pR. 64) parantu racanAkAra muni kI vedanA yaha hai ki Aja ahiMsA aura aparigraha ke sthAna para svArtha aura hiMsA hI phalavatI ho rahI hai| Aja 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kA mahAbhAva bhI bhAvahIna ho rahA hai| usakA Azaya hI badala DAlA gayA hai " 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam'/isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai 'vasu' yAnI dhana-dravya/'dhA' yAnI dhAraNa karanA/Aja dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai/dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kaa|" (pR. 82) kintu bhaviSya nitAnta andhakAramaya nahIM hai / Aja mahatI AvazyakatA sat aura asat kI pahacAna kI hai: "samajhane kA prayAsa karo, beTA!/sat-yuga ho yA kaliyuga bAharI nahIM/bhItarI ghaTanA hai vaha/sat kI khoja meM lagI dRSTi hI sat-yuga hai beTA !/aura/asat-viSayoM meM DUbI/A-pAda-kaNTha sat ko asat mAnanevAlI dRSTi/svayaM kaliyuga hai, beTA !"(pR. 83) vastuta: asat adaya aura krUra hotA aura sat sadaya aura mRdu / asat vyaSTivAdI hotA hai aura sat samaSTivAdI aura dayAvAn bhI / isI tathya kI ora grantha ke prathama khaNDa kI antima paMktiyoM meM saMketa milatA hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 305 "kUpa meM eka bAra aura/ dayAvisuddho dhammo'/dhvani gUMjatI hai aura dhvani se dhvani, pratidhvani/nikalatI huI dIvAroM se TakarAtI-TakarAtI Upara A/upAzrama meM lIna 'DUbatI 'sI!'' (pR. 88) prathama khaNDa meM kumbhakAra dvArA mATI parizodhana kI prakriyA kA prastutIkaraNa, vastutaH, guru-kRpA se sAdhaka dvArA Atma-parizodha kI kriyA ko rekhAMkita karanA hai| dvitIya khaNDa zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' kA prArambha zuddha mATI meM nirmala jala milAne kI kriyA se prArambha hotA hai : "lo, aba zilpI/kuMkuma-sama mRdu mATI meM/mAtrAnukUla milAtA hai chanA nirmala-jala / / nUtana prANa phUMka rahA hai/mATI ke jIvana meM karuNAmaya kaNa-kaNa meM/...nava-nUtana parivartana"!" (pR. 89) ___dharma-darzana kI mUlabhUta mAnyatAoM kA rekhAMkana vibhinna padoM meM yahA~ prastuta huA hai / dayA,kSamA, prema evaM maitrI kA vistAra aura krodha, pratizodha Adi bhAvanAoM kA zamana-pariSkAra nimna paMktiyoM meM draSTavya hai : "khammAmi khamaMtu me-/kSamA karatA hU~ sabako,/kSamA cAhatA hU~ sabase, sabase sadA-sahaja basa/maitrI rahe merI!/vaira kisase/kyoM aura kaba karU~ ? yahA~ koI bhI to nahIM hai/saMsAra-bhara meM merA vairI!" (pR. 105) isI bhA~ti : "krodha-bhAva kA zamana ho rahA hai... pratizodha-bhAva kA vamana ho rahA hai|" (pR. 106) isa khaNDa meM kavi kA loka se sambaddha jIvanAnubhava aura tattvadarzana sthAna-sthAna para anAyAsa hI ubhara kara AyA hai / samasAmayika jIvana meM mUlyoM kA patana santa kavi kI painI dRSTi se chupA nahIM hai : "vetana vAle vatana kI ora/kama dhyAna de pAte haiM/aura cetana vAle tana kI ora/kaba dhyAna de pAte haiM ?"(pR. 123) ___ yahI nahIM, racanAkAra kA vividha AyAmI sAhityika dRSTikoNa bhI isa khaNDa meM surUpAyita huA hai / sAhitya kI paribhASA, rasa sambandhI mAnyatAe~, RtuvarNana Adi prastuta khaNDa kI vizeSatAe~ haiN| sAhitya kA samasAmayika bodha se sampuSTa honA, sarva kalyANakArI honA hI usakI sArthakatA hai| "hita se jo yukta - samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai aura sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai,/artha yaha huA ki/jisa ke avalokana se sukha kA samudbhava - sampAdana ho/sahI sAhitya vahI hai / " (pR. 111) marmajJa kavi ne apanI lekhanI se tattva-darzana kI upapattiyoM ko nitAnta sarala zabdAvalI meM prastuta kiyA hai|
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________________ 306 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA Agama ke cakragata (utpAda-vyaya-dhauvyayuktaM sat) dhruvatA kA nirUpaNa draSTavya hai : "AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai/AnA yAnI janana-utpAda hai, jAnA yAnI maraNa-vyaya hai/lagA huA yAnI sthira-dhauvya hai aura/hai yAnI cira-sat/yahI satya hai yahI tathya !" (pR. 185) yahI nahIM, prastuta khaNDa meM kAvyagata camatkAra-pradarzana ke namUne bhI bharapUra milate haiM / 99 aura 9 kI saMkhyAoM para gaNitIya prayogoM ko tattvonmeSa se sambaddha karanA camatkAra-pradarzana ke sAtha hI rUr3higrasta bhI pratIta hotA hai : "99 aura 9 kI saMkhyA/jo kumbha ke karNa-sthAna para AbharaNa-sI lagatI aMkita haiM/apanA-apanA paricaya de rahI haiN| eka kSAra saMsAra kI dyotaka hai/eka kSIra-sAra kii| eka se moha kA vistAra milatA hai,/eka se mokSa kA dvAra khulatA hai 99 saMkhyA ko/do Adi saMkhyAoM se guNita karane para... 9 kI saMkhyA hI zeSa raha jAtI hai|" (pR. 166) dvitIya khaNDa kA zIrSaka sArthaka hai / abhiprAya hai ki mAtra uccAraNa zabda hotA hai / zabda kI antarAtmA kI pahacAna hI usakA bodha hai aura usa bodha ko jIvana meM antarghaTita karanA zodha hai, yathA : "bodha ke siMcana binA/zabdoM ke paudhe ye kabhI lahalahAte nahIM, ...bodha kA phUla jaba/DhalatA-badalatA, jisameM vaha pakva phala hI to/zodha kahalAtA hai / " (pR. 106-107) tRtIya khaNDa ke prArambha meM dharatI aura jaladhi ke rUpaka dvArA kavi ne pU~jIvAdI artha-vyavasthA ke garhita svarUpa kA rekhAMkana kiyA hai / jaladhi usa pU~jIvAdI vyavasthA kA pratIka hai jo nirantara dharatI rUpI sarva-sahA bhAratIya janatA kA sarvasva apaharaNa kara rahA hai tathA vaibhava ke, aizvarya ke cakAcauMdha se chala rahA hai : "jaba kabhI dharA para pralaya huA/yaha zreya jAtA hai kevala jala ko dharatI ko zItalatA kA lobha de/ise lUTA hai,/isIlie Aja yaha dharatI dharA raha gaI/na hI vasuMdharA rahI na vasudhA !/aura yaha jala ratnAkara banA hai-/bahA-bahA kara dharatI ke vaibhava ko le gayA hai|" (pR. 189) parantu pU~jIvAdI vyavasthA ke sampoSakoM kA yaha saMgraha-karma dArzanika kavi kI dRSTi meM nIca karma to hai hI, sAtha hI pAralaukika dRSTi se ajJAna aura moha kA paricAyaka bhI hai : "para-sampadA kI ora dRSTi jAnA/ajJAna ko batAtA hai, aura para-sampadA haraNa kara saMgraha karanA/moha-mUrchA kA atireka hai| yaha ati nimna-koTi kA karma hai/sva-para ko satAnA hai,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 307 nIca-narakoM meM jA jIvana bitAnA hai|" (pR. 189) nyAya aura anyAya ke sanAtana saMgharSa ko rekhAMkita karane hetu racanAkAra ne prakRti ke upakaraNoM ko pratIka rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| nyAya aura dharma kA saMrakSaka bhAnu kabhI apane mArga se vicalita nahIM hotA aura apanI prakhara kiraNoM ke uttApa se sadA anyAyiyoM, anAcAriyoM ko dagdha karatA rahatA hai / tArAe~, candramA Adi sabhI usake dharmadhvaja se katarAkara dUra bhAgate rahate haiM arthAt adharma hamezA hI dharma ke sAmmukhya se bacatA rahatA hai| parantu adharmiyoM kI zakti bhI kama nahIM, kyoMkiH "dina-rAta jAgrata rahatI hai yahA~ kI senA bhayaMkara viSadhara ajagara/magaramaccha, svacchanda... vAtAvaraNa ko viSAkta banAyA jAtA hai/turanta viSa phailA kara / " (pR. 194) kintu, ahiMsA ko parama dharma mAnane vAle sAdhaka, dharma se kabhI vicalita nahIM hote / ve dharitrI kI bhA~ti hI sadA-sarvadA saba ke kalyANakArI hote haiN| "pUrI taraha jala se paricita hone para bhI/Atma-kartavya se calita nahIM huI dharatI yaha |/kRtghn ke prati vighna upasthita karanA to dUra,/vighna kA vicAra taka nahIM kiyA mana meN|... uddhAra kI hI bAta socatI rahatI/sadA - sarvadA sbkii|" (pR. 194-195) muni kavi mana, vANI aura karma se loka-kalyANa kA upadeza dete haiM, kyoMki loka-hita meM zreSTha kAryoM kA sampAdana hI sacce sAdhaka kA zodha hai aura yahI dayA-dharma hai / kAma, krodha, mada, matsara, lobha, mAna evaM moha Adi se mana ko mukta karAne kI kriyA sAdhaka kI cetanA ke saMskAra kA karma hI saccA dharma hai : "jala ko muktA ke rUpa meM DhAlane meM/zuktikA-sIpa kAraNa hai aura/...jala ko jar3atva se mukta kara/muktA-phala banAnA, patana ke garta se nikAla kara/uttuMga-utthAna para dharanA, dhRti-dhAriNI dharA kA dhyeya hai| yahI dayA-dharma hai/yahI jiyA-karma hai|" (pR. 193) vastutaH prastuta khaNDa 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' kA zIrSaka nitAnta sArthaka tathA sAMketika hai / lokakalyANa kI kAmanA karanA, viSayoM ko tyAga kara jitendriya aura vijitamanA banAnA hI puNya kA pAlana hai evaM pApa kA prakSAlana hai / aura yahI, yahA~ kumbhakAra aura mATI kI vikAsa-kathA ke prasaMga meM racanAkAra ne puNya-karma- sampAdana ke zreyas ko pramANita kiyA hai| caturtha khaNDa 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' nirmita kumbha kA kumbhakAra dvArA avA meM tapAne kI prakriyA kA pratIkAtmaka kAvyabaddha rUpa hai / ghaTa pakAne kI prakriyA tattva-darzana aura sAmAjika sandarbho se jor3I gaI hai / avA meM babUla kI lakar3iyoM kA jalanA, vastuta: sAdhanA kI A~ca meM doSoM kA jalanA hai| sAdhanA kI Aga meM doSoM kA jalanA hI sAdhaka kA puna: jIvita honA hai :
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________________ 308 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI/mujhe jilAnA hai sva-para doSoM ko jalAnA/parama-dharma mAnA hai santoM ne|" (pR. 277) kumbha ke pakane para sAdhu kI AhAra-dAna prakriyA ke rekhAMkana ke anyAnya pahalU jaina-mata kI nAnA avadhAraNAoM ko prastuta karate haiM / kumbha kA parIkSaNa karate hue sevaka dvArA kumbha ko sAta bAra bajAne kI kriyA dvArA racanAkAra apanI dhArmika upapattiyoM ko udghATita karatA hai : "sA re ga "ma yAnI/sabhI prakAra ke duHkha/pa"dha yAnI ! pada-svabhAva aura/ni yAnI nahIM,/du:kha AtmA kA svabhAva- dharma nahIM ho sakatA, moha-karma se prabhAvita AtmA kA/vibhAva-pariNamana mAtra hai vaha |"(pR. 305) yahI nahIM, isa khaNDa meM vividha prasaMgodbhAvanAoM dvArA munizrI ne laukika-pAralaukika jijJAsAoM, mAnavIya mUlyoM aura bhAvanAoM, sAdhanA-upAsanA ke anyAnya pahaluoM tathA dArzanika cintana ke aneka phalakoM ko nATakIya zailI meM udghATita kiyA hai| vicitra bAta yaha hai ki racanAkAra ina sArI prasaMgodbhAvanAoM ke UhApoha meM dhaMsate hue bhI samasAmayika sAmAjika sandarbho se asampRkta nahIM hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki isI khaNDa meM vaha AtaMkavAda kI samasyA se jUjhane kA bhI pracchanna saMketa detA hai / Adhunika bhAratIya samAja kI vibhISikA kA vizleSaNa yahA~ abhidhAtmaka paddhati meM nahIM varan lAkSaNika prayogoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai / svarNakalaza dvArA AtaMkavAdI dala kA AhUta kiyA jAnA aura anta meM pASANa-phalaka para AsIna vItarAgI saMnyAsI kI arcanA-vandanA ke uparAnta AtaMkavAda kA yaha sva-kathana hI isa samasyA kA samAdhAna hai arthAt AtaMkiyoM kA hRdaya-parivartana : "he svAmin !/samagra saMsAra hI/duHkha se bharapUra hai, ...hama bhI Azvasta ho/Apa-jaisI sAdhanA ko/jIvana meM apanA sakeM, ...'tumhArI bhAvanA pUrI ho'/aise vacana do hameM,/bar3I kRpA hogI hama pr|" (pR. 484-485) samagrata: racanAkAra ne laukika-pAralaukika dRSTiyoM aura mUlyoM ke anyAnya pahaluoM ko isa grantha meM saMgrathita kiyA hai / ve zuddha, sAttvika jIvana-paddhati ko hI mAnava kA carama kAmya svIkArate haiM / bhautika bhogoM se samAdhi kI ora unmukha honA aura vItarAga saMskRti ko tarajIha denA hI, kadAcit 'mUkamATI' kA lakSya hai| muni kavi isa svakendrita bhautikavAdI yuga meM 'zramaNa-saMskRti' ko sarvathA prAsaMgika evaM vareNya mAnate haiN| 'mUkamATI' ko mahAkAvya kahanA samIcIna pratIta nahIM hotA, kyoMki mahAkAvya ke lie nirdhArita kAvyazAstrIya pratimAnoM kA nirvAha isa grantha meM nahIM hotA / yadyapi yaha nirvivAda rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki racanA meM kAvyagata audAttya kA carmotkarSa vidyamAna hai / munikavi kI dArzanika aura AdhyAtmika dRSTi se puSTa 'mUkamATI' meM vicAroM, bhAvodgAroM aura Avega kI prabalatama evaM utkRSTa abhivyakti huI hai| kRti kA racanAvidhAna nitAnta garimAmaya evaM bhavya hai / pratIka yojanA evaM bimbavidhAna kI dRSTi se bhI 'mUkamATI' ullekhanIya kAvya hai|
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________________ dakSiNa bhAratIya kalamakAra kI hindI-sAdhanA kI phalazruti : 'mUkamATI' kailAza mar3abaiyA 'mUkamATI' ke racayitA AcArya vidyAsAgara sarvopari muni haiM, jaina santa haiM - AcaraNa ke dhanI, tapa:pUta aura Aja ke santoM meM jinakI chavi bhI zIrSa starIya hai, bAda meM ve kavi aura lekhaka haiM / jaina hI nahIM, jainetara dezavAsI bhI jinake darzana aura zravaNa kA lAbha lenA cAhate haiM--ni:svArtha, kyoMki jaina santa nirgrantha aura digambara, bhalA kyA de sakatA hai ? parantu phira bhI vicAroM ke pArakhI bhale hI kama hoM, para havA meM bahane vAle bhaktoM kI bhIr3a kI isa deza meM Aja bhI kamI nahIM hai / yadyapi munivara vidyAsAgarajI kI sAdhanA nirvivAda rUpa se tIrthaMkaroM ke anurUpa aura vartamAna meM advitIya hai, vandanIya hai| aisI sthiti meM jaba munivara vidyAsAgarajI kA adbhuta prabhAmaNDala dedIpyamAna ho rahA ho, unakI kisI kRti kI samIkSA kitane niSpakSa DhaMga se kI jA sakatI hai, yaha vicAraNIya hai / spaSTa hai ki ina paMktiyoM ke lekhaka kI bhI niyata ThIka nahIM hai| hAlA~ki maiM cAhatA yahI hU~ aura prayAsa bhI yahI hai ki kAvya kI samIkSA karU~, kavi kI nahIM, para raha-raha kara vidyAsAgarajI kA santAcaraNa-tapazcaraNa se dipadipAtA ceharA sAmane A jAtA hai / khaira, prayAsa karUMgA ki pUrI taTasthatA se pakSapAta rahita kalama cale / kevala kavitA para carcA karU~ / na AlocanA ke lie AlocanA ho aura na bhakta kI taraha mAtra stuti, vandanA ho| 'mUkamATI' meM mukta chanda kA prayoga huA hai para racanAkAra gItAtmakatA se kahIM mukta nahIM ho paayaa| viSaya se adhika dhyAna zabdoM ke tilisma para rahA hai / jaise ki 'prastavana' meM kaha bhI diyA gayA hai : "kavi ke lie atizaya AkarSaNa hai zabda kA', yathA : 0 "nirI mATI kA/daraza karatA hai/...sarA mATI kA/parasa karatA hai ...tana se mana se/haraSa karatA hai|" (pR.44) 9 "ziSToM kA utpAdana-pAlana ho/duSToM kA utpAtana-gAlana ho|" (pR. 235) yaha sahI hai ki kavitA zabdoM kI layabaddhatA bhI hai para prAkRtika prasphuTana usakI pahalI zarta hai / samartha kavi ke zabda vicAroM para thirakate saTIka zabda sahaja cale Ate haiM, unheM zrama se nahIM lAnA par3atA / zilpa aura kAvya meM zrama avazya hotA hai para vaha pratIta nahIM hotA, zailI hotI hai para vaha racanAkAra kI maulika ho to maz2A hI kucha aura hotA hai| 'mUkamATI' kI stuti-vandanA Aja bahuta sAre jaina bhakta jagaha-jagaha kara rahe haiM para pUrI kRti par3ha pAne kA zrama aura sAhasa kadAcit bahuta kama ne kiyA hogA! bhakta kI taraha 'mUkamATI' kA moTA grantha bahutoM ne mandiroM ke lie kharIda bhI liyA hogA para mATI kI taraha jar3a hokara dikhAve ke lie, mukhara hokara usakA adhyayana kitanoM ne kiyA hogA --yaha zaMkAspada hai / apekSA bhI nahIM kI jA sakatI lagabhaga pA~ca sau pRSTha par3hane kI--vyavasAyI varga se| para yadi virAma de-dekara ise par3hA jAe to 'mUkamATI' se mATI to mukhara ho hI uThatI hai| san aura mAha to yAda nahIM hai aba, para bahuta pahale lalitapura yAtrA ke daurAna mujhe munivara AcAryazrI ke darzana karane kA avasara milA thA, to isI kRti ke kucha aMza AcAryajI ne mujhe dikhAe the, likhita pANDulipi ke rUpa meM, kucha par3hakara--taba bhI maiMne isake gIta-tattva kI prasaMzA kI thI : "isa paryAya kI/iti kaba hogI ?/isa kAyA kI/cyuti kaba hogI ? batA do, mA~ ise !/...kucha upAya karo mA~ !/khuda apAya haro mA~ !
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________________ 310 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA __ aura suno,/vilamba mata karo/pada do, patha do/pAtheya bhI do mA~ !" (pR. 5) isameM kabIra kA phakkar3apana aura garvIlApana bhale na ho para tulasI-sI vinamratA avazya parilakSita hotI hai| __ mATI kA darda apanI carama sImA para ubharA hai isa kRti meM / yaha kabIra kA bhI viSaya thA parantu tevara bhinna haiM : - "jo ghara ke ApanA cale hamAre saath|" 0 "mATI kahe kuMbhAra se tUM kyA rUMdhe mohi / ika dina aisA AyagA maiM saiMdhUMgI tohi // " racanAkAra kI pratibaddhatA jaba kisI vicAradhArA se ho jAtI hai to vaha racanAkAra kama raha pAtA hai sambandhita vicAradhArA kA pravaktA adhika ho jAtA hai| mere katipaya sAthI racanAkAra bhI kisI vizeSa vicAradhArA se pratibaddha haiM aura nizcaya mAnie ki unakA sahaja zilpa aura prAkRtika racanAkAra kahIM kho gayA hai / apanI lAvI meM, apanI patrikAoM meM bhale ve tIsamArakhA~ bana jAe~ para hai yaha zuturamurgI adA hii| kahane ke lie ve kahane lagate haiM binA vicAradhArA ke sRjana kaisA? para maiM socatA hU~ sRjana ke lie vicAra Avazyaka haiM, na ki sImAoM meM ba~dhI dhArA / dhArA kA pravAha to racanA meM honA cAhie na ki vicArabaddhatA meM, udgama meM, racanA kA viSaya pratibaddha honA cAhie na ki kisI dhArA vizeSa se sambaddha / vidyAsAgarajI ne kaI jagaha yaha pratibaddhatAe~ tor3I bhI haiM, jabaki ve saMyamita hI nahIM indriyavijayI santa haiM para kavi kI taraha jaba socate haiM to racanA meM zRMgAra bhI khUba ubharatA hai| prAkRtika zRMgAra kI eka bAnagI dekhate banatI hai : 0 "phUla ne pavana ko/prema meM nahalA diyA,/aura badale meM/pavana ne phUla ko/prema se hilA diyA !" (pR. 258) 0 "bIcoM-bIca mukha hai/aura/sAvaraNA-sAbharaNA/lajjA kA anubhava karatI, ____ navavivAhitA tanUdarA/yU~ghaTa meM se jhA~katI-sI..!" (pR. 30) / 0 "sAgara se zazi kI mitratA huI/apayaza-kalaMka kA pAtra banA zazi kisI rUpavatI sundarI se/sambandha nahIM hone se zazi kA sambandha nizA ke sAtha huA, so sAgara ko zreya milatA yaha !" (pR. 229) hAlA~ki svabhAvata: jainatva unakI kalama para hAvI huA hai aura honA anucita bhI nahIM, kAraNa ki racanAkAra kA uddezya mAtra kavitA kalA meM khonA nahIM hai varan kavitA to unheM eka sopAna hai Atmatva taka pahu~cane kA, pahu~cAne kA / isIlie kAvya ke viSaya kA cayana bhI atyanta sayAnepana se kiyA gayA hai / mATI pada-dalita mATI, lekina kumbhakAra apane zrama se isakI pariNati kahA~ se kahA~ pahu~cA detA hai / aura vidyAsAgarajI isa mAdhyama se vaha sabhI kucha sandeza de dete haiM, jo ve socate haiM aura Atmatva ke lie Avazyaka hai / eka dakSiNa bhAratIya qalamakAra hindI kI sAdhanA itane utkRSTa stara taka kara, zabdoM ko qalama kI noka para bhAvanAoM ke anurUpa thirakAne kA prayAsa kara, mana to jIta hI letA hai / yadyapi kAvya meM zabdoM kI tor3a-maror3a kSamya hai parantu kaI jagaha liMga viSamatA athavA anAvazyaka tor3amaror3a yA to racanAkAra para dakSiNa bhAratIya prabhAva ke kAraNa huA yA sahajatA ke abhAva meM, yathA :
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________________ O O O kahIM-kahIM upadezAtmaka zailI bojhila bhI huI hai, para viSaya kI gUr3hatA ke kAraNa racanAkAra kI yaha majabUrI ho sakatI hai, yathA : O O "isIlie suno ! / AyAsa se DaranA nahIM / Alasya karanA nahIM !" (pR. 11) " isalie / pratikAra kI pAraNA / chor3anI hogI, beTA ! aticAra kI dhAraNA / tor3anI hogI, beTA !" (pR. 12) " eka bAta aura kahanI hai / ki / kisI kArya ko sampanna karate samaya anukUlatA pratIkSA karanA / sahI puruSArtha nahIM hai|" (pR. 12-13 ) vyaktiyoM ke prabhAva kA apanA raMga hai, yathA : "bAyeM hiraNa / dAyeM jAya - / laMkA jIta / rAma ghara Aya / " (pR. 25) aneka zabdoM ke artha, nae sandarbhoM meM kholane meM racanAkAra ne mahArata hAsila kI hai / akSaroM ke vinyAsa se yaha artha rocaka aura preraka bhI bana par3e haiM, yathA : O D D mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 311 " apanI parAga ko / " (pR. 2) 'parAkrama se rItA /viparItA hai isakI bhAgya rekhA / " (pR. 4) " RjutA kI yaha / parama dazA hai / aura / mRdutA kI yaha / carama yazA hai|" (pR. 44-45) 66 '... zilpI se / kar3avI ghU~Ta - sI pIkara / " (pR. 51) "kumbhakAra ! / 'kuM' yAnI dharatI / aura / 'bha' yAnI bhAgya - 64 yahA~ paraM jo/bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho / kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai / " (pR.28) 'gada' kA artha hai roga/'hA' kA artha hai hAraka/ maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA banU~ ***basa,/aura kucha vAMchA nahIM / gada- hA gadahA..!" (pR. 40 ) Aja kI varNa-bheda samasyA para santa racanAkAra 'atyanta samIcIna saMstuti dI hai / yaha kAla kI dRSTi se prAsaMgika bhI hai : O aneka prasaMgoM meM zabdoM kA camatkAra darzanIya hai, yathA : 'kSIra meM nIra milAte hI / nIra kSIra bana jAtA hai / ... gAya kA kSIra bhI dhavala hai / Aka kA kSIra bhI dhavala hai ... nIra kA kSIra bananA hI / varNa-lAbha hai, / varadAna hai / / aura kSIra kA phaTa jAnA hI / varNa saMkara hai / " (pR. 48-49) " rAhI bananA ho to / hIrA bananA hai, / svayaM rAhI zabda hI viloma - rUpa se kaha rahA hai - / rAhI " hiiraa|" (pR.57) O "rAkha bane binA / kharA-darzana kahA~ ? / rAkha"kha""rA N N / " (pR.57) jainatva ke nirgrantha kI atyanta jAnadAra vyAkhyA AcAryazrI dvArA kI gaI hai| rassI kA udAharaNa dete hue ve ise
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________________ 312 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA granthi se jor3ate haiN| ve kahate haiM gA~Tha hai to hiMsA hogI hI, ataeva gA~Tha pAlanA khatare se khAlI nahIM hai varan varjita hai| "granthi hiMsA kI sampAdikA hai aura nirgrantha-dazA meM ho/ahiMsA palatI hai|" (pR. 64) 'vasudhaiva kuTumbam' kI vyAkhyA Adhunika pariprekSya meM draSTavya hai : "vasu yAnI dhana-dravya/dhA yAnI dhAraNa karanA/Aja dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai/dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kA / " (pR. 82) kahIM-kahIM jainatva kI caturAI aqhara jAtI hai / kahA jAtA hai ki jaina dharma kA pAlana karane vAle adhikAMza tIrthakara kSatriya hue haiN| purAne jainiyoM meM aneka loga apane nAma ke sAtha siMha likhate haiN| kahate haiM yahI apabhraMza hokara siMghaI bana gyaa| ina sabhI zauryapUrNa sthitiyoM ke hote hue bhI baniye yA bAniyA (jainiyoM ko bhI kahIM-kahIM bAniyA kahA jAtA hai) apanI avasaravAdI caturAI ke kAraNa kA~iyA~ kahalAte haiM aura yahI kAyaratA ko janma detI hai / kAyaratA meM ahiMsA nahIM pala sktii| "phUla kI gandha-makaranda se/vaMcita rahanA/ajJatA hI mAnI hai, aura/kA~ToM se apanA bacAva kara/surabhi-saurabha kA sevana karanA vijJatA kI nizAnI hai / " (pR. 74) manovikAroM kI sapATabayAnI kA bhI apanA kauzala hai| kahIM-kahIM tuka yA zabdakauzala ke kAraNa aspaSTatA bhI jhalaka jAtI hai para adhikAzaMtayA sArthakatA upalabdha hai : "mana kI chA~va meM hI/mAna panapatA hai/mana kA mAthA namatA nahIM na-'mana' ho, taba kahIM/namana ho 'samaNa' ko isalie mana yahI kahatA hai sadA-/nama na ! nama na !! nama na !!!" (pR. 97) zabdoM kA gahana bodha racanA meM jhalaka-jhalaka uThatA hai / anubhUta zabda apane Apa bolate haiM : "bodha ke siMcana binA/zabdoM ke paudhe ye kabhI lahalahAte nahIM, yaha bhI satya hai ki/zabdoM ke paudhoM para/sugandha makaranda-bhare bodha ke phUla kabhI mahakate nahIM,/phira !/saMvedya-svAdya phaloM ke dala dolAyita kahA~ aura kaba hoge..?" (pR. 106-107) kahA jAtA hai ki kavi kA svabhAva straiNa hotA hai| binA caMcala mana ke kavitA janmatI hI nahIM, para vidyAsAgarajI isa satya ko anubhavajanya hI jJApita karate haiM : 0 "sthira mana hI vaha/mahAmantra hotA hai/aura/asthira mana hI pApatantra svacchanda hotA hai,/eka sukha kA sopAna hai eka duHkha kA so pAna hai|" (pR.109) 0 "apane ko chor3akara/para-padArtha se prabhAvita honA hI/moha kA pariNAma hai
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 313 aura/saba ko chor3akara/apane Apa meM bhAvita honA hI mokSa kA dhAma hai|" (pR. 109-110) 0 "hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai ____ aura/sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai / " (pR. 111) racanAkAra kI sUkSmadarzitA kahIM-kahIM kAvya ke atyanta anukUla parilakSita hotI hai : 0 "mauna kI maunatA gauNa karAtA ho/aura/mauna gunagunAtA hai use jo sune, vahI bar3A hai mauna se|" (pR. 118) 0 "AsthA kA darzana AsthA se hI sambhava hai na A~khoM se, na AzA se|" (pR. 121) aneka jagaha tuka aura zAbdika vyaMjanA ke kAraNa na samajha Ane vAlI jaTilatA bhI utpanna ho jAtI hai / pUre mahAkAvya meM yadi bodhagamyatA bhI dRSTi meM rahatI to yaha sAmAnya jana ko bhI upayogI ho sakatA thaa| kevala canda logoM ke lie yA munivara kI jaya-jayakAra bolane ke lie dikhAve kA mAdhyama bhI nahIM bntaa| "na saritA rahe, na sAgara !/yaha sarakana hI saritA kI samiti hai, yaha nirakhana hI saritA kI pramiti hai|" (pR. 119-120) aba saritA kI sAgara kI ora sarakana taka to bAta spaSTa hai, para samiti kA yahA~ Azaya ulajhAvapUrNa pratIta hotA hai / isI taraha vyaMgya ke bhI kAvya meM darzana hote haiM para kahIM-kahIM jhuThalAne vAlI sthApanAe~ pratIta hotI haiM : "vetana vAle vatana kI ora/kama dhyAna de pAte haiN|" (pR. 123) aba rASTrapati se lekara bhRtya taka, sabhI vetana yA aisA hI kucha bharaNa-poSaNa ke lie dhana ke rUpa meM pratimAha prApta karate haiM to kyA ve sabhI vatana kI ora kama dhyAna dete haiM ? aura vyApArI evaM nijI mokSa kI kAmanA meM rata saMsArasAdhu, vatana kA kyA z2yAdA dhyAna rakhate haiM ? yaha vicAraNIya hai| kyoMki ina paMktiyoM kA Azaya, racanAkAra ke mana meM kucha bhI ho para pratyakSa rUpa se yaha zabda-jAla kI gale na utarane vAlI asaphalatA hai| 'sa' kA kamAla dekhie : "suta-santAna kI susupta zakti ko/saceta aura zata-pratizata sazakta-/sAkAra karanA hotA hai, sat-saMskAroM se / santoM se yahI zruti sunI hai|" (pR. 148) manovikAroM ke citraNa aura zamana kA sundara upakrama haiM ye paktiyA~ / krodha ko pApa kA mUla batAte hue RSi-racanAkAra bahuta spaSTa kahate haiM : "vIra rasa se tIra kA milanA/kabhI sambhava nahIM/aura/pIra kA miTanA trikAla asambhava !/...isake sevana se/udreka-uddaNDatA kA atireka jIvana meM udita hotA hai,/para para adhikAra calAne kI bhUkha
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________________ 314 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA isI kA pariNAma hai |/bbuul ke TUTha kI bhA~ti mAna kA mUla kar3A hotA hai|" (pR. 131) hAsya ke bAre meM Ama dhAraNA se jaina dharma meM viparIta vicAra haiM / racanAkAra ne kisa khUbI se yaha bAta kahI hai dekhiegA: "kheda-bhAva ke vinAza hetu/hAsya kA rAga Avazyaka bhale hI ho kintu veda-bhAva ke vikAsa hetu/hAsya kA tyAga anivArya hai hAsya bhI kaSAya hai nA!" (pR. 133) saMyama aura sAdhanA ke AdhyAtmika kSetra meM bhI saMgIta aura prema jaise zabda apanA artha rakhate haiN| racanAkAra salIke se inheM paribhASita karatA hai : "saMgIta use mAnatA hU~/jo saMgAtIta hotA hai aura prIti use mAnatA hU~/jo aMgAtIta hotI hai|" (pR. 144-145) racanAkAra saMsAra se virakta haiM para saMsAra ke duHkhoM ke kAraNoM para usakI pakar3a kama nahIM hai varan kucha z2yAdA hI sAravAn hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki kathanI-karanI ke antara ko unhoMne gaharAI se samajhA hai : "usa pAvana patha para/dUba uga AI hai khUba !/varSA ke kAraNa nahIM, cAritra se dUra raha kara/kevala kathanI meM karuNA rasa ghola dharmAmRta-varSA karane vAloM kI/bhIr3a ke kAraNa !" (pR.151-152) isI pRSTha 152 para paMktiyA~ haiM : "jise patha dikhAyA jA rahA hai/vaha svayaM patha para calanA cAhatA nahIM, auroM ko calAnA cAhatA hai|" prathama paMkti isa taraha ho sakatI hai : "jo patha dikhA rahA hai/vaha svayaM patha para calanA cAhatA nahIM, auroM ko calAnA cAhatA hai|" yadyapi Azaya spaSTa hai| dhyAna ojhala hone ke kAraNa kadAcit aisA huA hogaa| itanA adhika uddhRta karane yogya isa kRti meM hai ki kyA chor3A jAya ? utthAna-patana kA Amukha racanAkAra ne kitane choTe sUtra meM kaha diyA hai jo dekhate hI banatA hai : "vikAsa ke krama taba uThate haiM/jaba mati sAtha detI hai jo mAna se vimukha hotI hai,/aura/vinAza ke krama taba juTate haiM jaba rati sAtha detI hai/jo mAna meM pramukha hotI hai| utthAna-patana kA yahI Amukha hai|" (pR. 164) aMkoM kA bhAva, zvAna aura siMha meM antara, anya pazuoM kI pravRtti, antarnihita sUkSma vyAkhyA Adi racanAkAra
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 315 kI vivecanA aura vivekapUrNa vicAra kI paricAyaka hai| tIsare khaNDa meM kucha adbhuta aura sArthaka vyAkhyAe~ racanAkAra dvArA kI gaI haiM jinase kRti kI prAsaMgitA bar3hI hai, yathA : "sarva-sahA honA hI/sarvasva ko pAnA hai jIvana meM / " (pR. 190) nArI kI maulika vyAkhyA ullekhanIya hai : 0 " 'na ari' nArIathavA/ye ArI nahIM haiM/so 'naarii'..|" (pR. 202) - "na balA' "so ablaa|" (pR. 203) strI jAti ke lie racanAkAra ne jahA~ vividha zabda vyAkhyAe~ kara sammAna diyA hai, vahIM socane ke lie kucha prazna cihna bhI khar3e kara die haiM, yathA : "svastrI ho yA parastrI,/strI-jAti kA svabhAva hai,/ki kisI pakSa se cipakI nahIM rahatI vh|| anyathA,/mAtRbhUmi mAtR-pakSa ko/tyAga-patra denA khela hai kyA ?"(pR. 224) uparyukta paMktiyoM kA bhAva bhale prazaMsAtmaka liyA jAe, para Age dekhie : "isIlie bhUlakara bhI/kula-paramparA saMskRti kA sUtradhAra strI ko nahIM banAnA caahie|/aur/gopniiy kArya ke viSaya meM vicAra-vimarza-bhUmikA/nahIM batAnA caahie|" (pR. 224) kadAcit ye paMktiyA~ hameM puna: nArI ke sandarbha meM rUr3hivAditA kI ora atIta meM dhakela detI haiN| strI kA caMcalA svabhAva paristhitivaza bhI hotA hai aura AturatA naroM meM bhI hotI hai / parantu isakA Azaya yaha zAzvata rUpa se nahIM liyA jA sakatA ki nAriyoM ke peTa meM bAta nahIM pctii| racanA dharma apane Apa meM eka alaga karma hai jise racanAkAra ne bakhUbI nibhAyA hai / isameM vaha kahIM-kahIM 'jina'- siddhAntoM se jur3A hai to kahIM-kahIM kaTA bhI hai : "hiMsA kI hiMsA karanA hI/ahiMsA kI pUjA hai prazaMsA / " (pR. 233) ____ isameM zabda hiMsA to ho hI rahI hai bhale hI hiMsA kI hI kyoM na ho| aura zabda vicAra se hI janmatA hai, usI kI abhivyakti hai / prakRti kI saMgItAtmakatA ko munivara ne na kevala AtmasAt kiyA hai varan qalama para bhI kamAla kara utArA hai : "kAka-kokila-kapotoM meM/cIla-cir3iyA-cAtaka-cita meM bAgha-bher3a-bAja-bakoM meM/sAraMga-kuraMga-siMha-aMga meM khaga-kharagozoM-kharoM-khaloM meM/lalita-lalAma-lajIla latAoM meN|" (pR. 240) - racanA karma ke pUrva spaSTa bimba kA honA sRjana kI pahalI zarta hai aura isameM AcAryazrI ne sAfagoI baratI hai : "maiM yathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/vyathAkAra nahIM /
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________________ 316 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA aura/maiM tathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~ / kathAkAra nahIM / " (pR. 245) naI kavitA kI taraha chanda mukta hote hue bhI isa kAvya meM jahA~ gItAtmakatA hai vahIM utkRSTa tathya yaha hai ki kAvya meM eka sArthaka aura sulajhA huA sampravAha hai| jaTilatA bhASA kI bhale kisI pAThaka ko lage, para bhAvoM kI kiMcit bhI nahIM hai| naI kavitA kI bhA~ti isa para yaha Aropa nahIM lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki UTapaTAMga bimba-vidhAna dvArA kucha bhI likha diyA gayA hai - 'khuda likhe khudA bA~ce' jaisA / prakRti kI eka aura bAnagI dekhie : 0 O 0 "kaliyA~ khula khila par3IM / pavana kI ha~siyoM meM, chaviyA~ ghula-mila gaIM / gagana kI galiyoM meM, O nayI umaMga, naye raMga / aMga-aMga meM nayI taraMga nayI USA to nayI USmA / ... nayA maMgala to nayA sUraja nayA jaMgala to nayI bhU-raja / " (pR. 263 ) "uttuMga - -tama gagana cUmate / taraha-taraha ke taruvara / chattA tAne khar3e haiM, zrama-hAriNI dharatI hai / harI-bharI lasatI hai jIvana kA yaha patha sarala nahIM hai| binA tapa ke karmoM ke AvaraNa haTatA nahIM aura binA ise haTAe AtmA parama hotI nahIM / isIlie AcAryazrI kahate haiM: : dharatI para chAyA ne darI bichAI hai / / phUloM-phaloM patroM se lade laghu-guru gulma- guccha / zrAnta - zlatha pathikoM ko muskAna - dAna karate-se / " (pR. 423) " 'Aga kI nadI ko bhI pAra karanA hai tumheM, / vaha bhI binA naukA ! hA~ ! hA~ !! / apane hI bAhuoM se taira kara, tIra milatA nahIM binA taire / " (pR. 267) " nirantara sAdhanA kI yAtrA / bheda se abheda kI ora veda se aveda kI ora/ bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI cAhie / " (pR. 267 ) zrAvaka aura santoM meM mUlabhUta antara sadaiva smaraNa rakhanA hogaa| AcaraNa, dhana-sampadA se hI nahIM, jJAna-vijJAna se bhI sadA Age rahA hai| isalie kRti meM kahA gayA hai : "asaMyamI saMyamI ko kyA degA ? / virAgI rAgI se kyA legA ?" (pR. 269 ) AtmA kI sAdhanA meM rata jina-muni samAja kI vyavasthA aura vikAsa ke ArohoM -avarohoM se aparicita nahIM haiM / gaNatantra aura dhanatantra kI vyAkhyAoM ko spaSTa karate hue ve lakar3iyoM ke mAdhyama se kahalavAte haiM : " kabhI - kabhI hama banAI jAtI / kar3I se aura kar3I char3I
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________________ O AtmAvalokana ko prAya: sabhI AdarzavAdI ucita ThaharAte haiM para vidyAsAgarajI paramparA se haTakara akATya tarka prastuta karate hue kahate haiM : O O D m mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 317 racanAkAra kI AkAMkSA kRti meM gUMja uThatI hai| yaha gU~ja sAdhAraNa kavi kI nahIM, sAdhaka racanAkAra kI hai : 00 aparAdhiyoM kI piTAI ke lie | / prAya: aparAdhI - jana baca jAte niraparAdha hI piTa jAte, / aura unheM / pITate-pITate TUTatIM hama / ise hama gaNatantra kaise kaheM ? / yaha to zuddha 'dhanatantra' hai yA/manamAnA 'tantra' hai !" (pR. 271) O O " apanI kasauTI para apane ko kasanA / bahuta sarala hai, para sahI-sahI nirNaya lenA bahuta kaThina hai, / kyoMki, apanI A~khoM kI lAlI / apane ko nahIM dikhatI hai / eka bAta aura bhI hai, ki / jisa kA jIvana auroM ke lie / kasauTI banA hai vaha svayaM ke lie bhI bane / yaha koI niyama nahIM hai|" (pR. 276) " mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI / mujhe jilAnA hai / sva-para doSoM ko jalAnA parama-dharma mAnA hai santoM ne / " (pR. 277) "viSayoM aura kaSAyoM kA vamana nahIM honA hI unake prati mana meM / abhiruci kA honA hai|" (pR. 280 ) "dAha ke pravAha meM avagAha karU~ / parantu, / Aha kI taraMga bhI kabhI nahIM uThe / isa ghaTa meM saMkaTa meM / / isake aMga-aMga meM / raga-raga meM vizva kA tAmasa A bhara jAya / koI cintA nahIM, zabdoM kI siddhi sArthaka kavitA hai aura AcArya vidyAsAgara ne isameM mahArata hAsila kI hai| zava aura ziva kA upayoga rAgI aura virAgI meM kitanI khUbasUratI se kiyA gayA hai ki eka madyapAna meM aura dUsarA Atma-dhyAna meM khoyA hai, para : kintu, viloma - bhAva se / yAnI / tAmasa sa Mma MtA N N!" (pR. 284) " dhyAna kI bAta karanA / aura / dhyAna se bAta karanA ina donoM meM bahuta antara hai - / dhyAna ke kendra kholane - mAtra se dhyAna meM kendrita honA sambhava nahIM / " (pR. 286 ) " eka zava ke samAna / nirA par3A hai, aura eka / ziva ke samAna / kharA utarA hai / " (pR. 286 ) " darzana kA srota mastaka hai, / svastika se aMkita hRdaya se adhyAtma kA jharanA jharatA hai / / darzana ke binA adhyAtma - jIvana cala sakatA hai, calatA hI hai / para, hA~ ! / binA adhyAtma, darzana kA darzana nahIM / ... binA saravara lahara nahIM / " (pR. 288 )
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________________ 318 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA AtmA meM DUbane kA apanA Ananda hai / UrjA ke ArohaNa kA maz2A kucha aura hI hai| racanAkAra ne ghaTa aura zilpI ke mAdhyama se bar3e karIne se yaha tathya sa~joyA hai : "grAhaka ke rUpa meM AyA sevaka/camatkRta huA/mana-mantrita huA usakA tana tantrita-stambhita huA/kumbha kI AkRti para/aura zilpI ke zilpana camatkAra para |/ydi milana ho/cetana cit camatkAra kA phira kahanA hI kyA !/cit kI cintA, cItkAra canda paloM meM caupaTa ho calI jAtI/kahIM bAhara nahIM, saravara kI lahara saravara meM hI samAtI hai|" (pR. 306) jo kathita vidvAn isa duniyA ko kevala arthazAstra ke tarAjU para taulate haiM, racanAkAra unase do TUka kaha detA "dhanika aura nirdhana-/ye donoM/vastu ke sahI-sahI mUlya ko svapna meM bhI nahIM A~ka sakate,/kAraNa,/dhana-hIna dIna-hIna hotA hai prAya: aura/dhanika vaha/viSayAndha, madAdhIna !!" (pR. 308) jIvana kalA ke bAre meM racanAkAra ne kAvya mantra diyA hai : "adharoM para manda muskAna ho,/para parihAsa nhiiN| utsAha ho, umaMga ho/para utAvalI nhiiN|/aNg-aNg se vinaya kA makaranda jhare,/para,dInatA kI gandha nhiiN|" (pR. 319) mana aura tana kI adbhuta gutthI hai jo Aja taka anasulajhI hai / racanAkAra ne ise apanI taraha bimbita kiyA "indriyA~ ye khir3akiyA~ haiM/tana yaha bhavana rahA hai, bhavana meM baiThA-baiThA puruSa/bhinna-bhinna khir3akiyoM se jhA~katA hai vAsanA kI A~khoM se/aura/viSayoM ko grahaNa karatA rahatA hai|" (pR. 329) zramaNa aura santoM kI vRttiyoM kI vyAkhyA dekhie : "kaisA bhI ho, azana ho/udarAgni zamana karanA hai nA! aura/yahI agni-zAmaka vRtti hai zramaNa kI/saba vRttiyoM meM mahAvRtti ! parAga-pyAsA bhramara-dala vaha/koMpala-phUla-phaloM-daloM kA saurabha sarasa pItA hai/para unheM,/pIr3A kabhI na pahu~cAtA; ...aura yahI to/bhrAmarI-vRtti kahI jAtI santoM kI!" (pR. 333-334) mATI kA manthana bArIkI se karate-karate racanAkAra usake pUjane kA artha spaSTa karatA hai : "jahA~ taka mATI-raja kI bAta hai,/mAtra raja ko koI/sara para nahIM car3hAtA mUr3ha -mUrkha ko chor3a kara |/rj meM pUjyatA AtI hai caraNa-samparka se|"(pR.358)
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________________ yaha : dRSTi kI sUkSmatA dekhane kI A~kheM bhI kavi kI bahuta dUradarzI hotI haiM, dekhie : mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 319 "A~khoM kI racanA yaha / aise kauna se paramANuoM se huI hai .. jaba A~kheM AtI haiM to / du:kha detI haiM ! / jaba A~kheM jAtI haiM -- to duHkha detI haiM !/ kahA~ taka aura kaba taka kahU~, jaba A~kheM lagatI haiM... to / duHkha detI haiM ! A~khoM meM sukha hai kahA~/ ye A~kheM / du:kha kI khanI haiM sukha kI hanI haiM / " (pR. 359-360) sonA aura mATI kA antara kitane vilakSaNa DhaMga se kiyA hai santa racanAkAra ne, adbhuta aura anupama dRSTi hai "tuma svarNa ho / ubalate ho jhaTa se / mATI svarNa nahIM hai / para svarNa ko ugalatI avazya, / tuma mATI ke ugAla ho !" (pR. 364-365) vartamAna ke sAmAjika vyavasthA ke vAdoM se racanAkAra bhalI-bhA~ti paricita hai| dekhie, eka jagaha sAmyavAda kisa taraha ubharA hai : " tana ke anurUpa vetana anivArya hai, / mana ke anurUpa vizrAma bhI / mAtra damana kI prakriyA se / koI bhI kriyA / phalavatI nahIM hotI hai, kevala cetana-cetana kI raTana se, / cintana-manana se / kucha nahIM milatA !" (pR. 391) prakRti aura puruSa ke sambandhoM ko vyAkhyAyita kisa sahaja DhaMga se isa kRti meM kiyA gayA hai, dekhie : " puruSa aura prakRti / ina donoM ke khela kA nAma hI saMsAra hai, yaha kahanA / mUr3hatA hai, moha kI mahimA mAtra ! khela khelane vAlA to puruSa hai / aura / prakRti khilaunA mAtra ! svayaM ko khilaunA banAnA / koI khela nahIM hai / " (pR. 394) kRti meM kRtikAra ke pariveza kA prabhAva par3anA svAbhAvika hai / kadAcit isIlie 'mUka mATI' meM 'seTha' eka khAsa caritra kA pratIka liyA gayA hai aura isake irdagirda eka pUrI samAja kI pravRttiyoM kA bahudRSTikoNIya vivecana bhI huA hai : " bahuvidha vyaMjana upekSita hue haiM, / usI kA pariNAma hai ki dAha-roga kA pracalana huA hai / jisase seTha jI bhI ghira gaye haiM / aura sattva - zUnya jvAra ke daliyA ke sAtha / sAra-mukta chAcha kA sevana daridratA ko nimantraNa denA hai|" (pR. 414) kadAcit isIlie AtaMkavAda ko bhASita karate samaya racanAkAra kI dRSTi ekAMgI pratIta hotI hai : 44 'yaha bAta nizcita hai ki / mAna ko TIsa pahu~cane se hI, AtaMkavAda kA avatAra hotA hai|" (pR. 418)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAM kyoMki paMjAba kA AtaMkavAda, yadi bhare peToM kA ativAda hai to kazmIra meM dhArmika kaTTaratA isakI taha meM hai / naksalavAda kA AtaMka bhUkha aura zoSaNa kI pratikriyA kI upaja hai to pUrvottara kA AtaMka kSetrIya saMkucana ke kAraNa se / 320 :: zoSaNa ke sambandha meM kRtikAra ne 'pada' ko doSI mAnA hai aura isIlie apada kI kAmanA kI hai, yathA : 0 "padavAle hI padopalabdhi hetu / para ko pada - dalita karate haiM, ... jitane bhI pada haiM / vaha vipadAoM ke Aspada haiM / " (pR. 434) " samAja kA artha hotA hai samUha / aura / samUha yAnI sama - samIcIna Uha - vicAra hai / jo sadAcAra kI nIMva 1 ... pracAra-prasAra se dUra/ prazasta AcAra-vicAra vAloM kA O O jIvana hI samAjavAda hai / " (pR. 461) "cora itane pApI nahIM hote / jitane ki / coroM ko paidA karane vAle / " (pR. 468) jIvana aura kumbha kA sAMgopAMga varNana Adi se anta taka aura mATI ke ujale jIvana kA mATI meM milakara mukti pA jAnA hI 'mUkamATI' kI sAragarbhita kathA hai aura hai anubhUta preraNA / pRSTha 103 aura suno ! ----- aba se kaba taka ?
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________________ 'mUkamATI': zabdArtha to dekho DaoN. rAmasvarUpa Arya zabda ko brahma ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra brahma 'eko'haM bahusyAma' arthAt eka ho kara bhI aneka rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai, usI prakAra zabda meM bhI aneka arthacchaTAe~ samAhita rahatI haiM / janmajAta rasasiddha kavi apanI navanavonmeSazAlinI pratibhA se unameM nae arthoM kI udbhAvanA karate haiM / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke racayitA AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI bhI eka aise hI rasasiddha kavi haiM, jinhoMne sarvathA upekSita mUkamATI ko vANI dI hai tathA mATI se ghaTa taka kI yAtrA kA cintanaparaka sarasa varNana prastuta kiyA hai| unakI isa racanA kA adhyayana- manana karate hue mere mana meM sUphI kavi malika mohammada jAyasI kI nimnalikhita paMktiyA~ nirantara gUMjatI rahI haiM : "mATI mola na kichu ahai au mATI saba mola / dRSTi jo mATI soM karai mATI hoi amola // " 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA mahattva kaI dRSTiyoM se hai- viSaya kA cayana, guru-gambhIra cintana, bhAva pravaNatA, prastutIkaraNa, AlaMkArika saundarya tathA zailI sabhI dRSTiyoM se yaha eka anUThA mahAkAvya hai| AcAryazrI ne apanI maulika udbhAvanAoM ke AdhAra para aneka zabdoM meM navIna arthoM kA AdhAna kiyA hai tathA unheM navIna arthavattA pradAna kI hai| 'mUkamATI' ke 'prastavana' (pR.VII) meM zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ne grantha ke racanAkAra ke isa guNa kI ora iMgita karate hue likhA hai- "kavi ke lie atizaya AkarSaNa hai zabda kA, jisakA pracalita artha meM upayoga karake vaha usakI saMgaThanA ko vyAkaraNa kI sAna para car3hAkara nayI-nayI-dhAra dete haiM, nayI-nayI parateM ughAr3ate haiN| zabda kI vyutpatti usake antaraMga artha kI jhA~kI to detI hI hai, hameM usake mAdhyama se artha ke anUThe aura achUte AyAmoM kA darzana hotA hai|" isa lekha meM 'mUkamATI ke kucha aise hI zabdArthoM kA vivecana prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| zabdoM meM navIna arthoM ke AdhAna hetu AcAryazrI ne mukhya rUpa se pA~ca paddhatiyoM kA Azraya grahaNa kiyA hai : 1. varNa vizleSaNa 2. varNa sannidhi 3. pada bhaMga 4. nirvacana 5. varNa viparyaya 1. varNa-vizleSaNa : varNa-vizleSaNa ke antargata zabda ke eka-eka varNa kA vizleSaNa karake unake arthoM ke samavAya se navIna artha kI udbhAvanA kI gaI hai, yathA- kumbha- kuM = dharatI, bha = bhAgya / inake AdhAra para AcAryazrI 'kumbhakAra' kA artha bhAgya-vidhAtA siddha karate haiM : "yuga ke Adi meM/isakA nAmakaraNa huA hai/kumbhakAra ! 'kuM' yAnI dharatI/aura/'bha' yAnI bhAgya-/yahA~ para jo bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho/kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai|" (pR.28) svapna - sva = apanA, p = pAlana, saMrakSaNa, na = nhiiN| tInoM vargoM ko milA kara artha huA- 'nija-bhAva kA rakSaNa nhiiN|' AcAryazrI ise isa rUpa meM prastuta karate haiM :
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________________ 322 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA " 'sva' yAnI apanA/'pa' yAnI pAlana-saMrakSaNa/aura/'na' yAnI nahIM, jo nija-bhAva kA rakSaNa nahIM kara sakatA/vaha auroM ko kyA sahayoga degA ?" (pR. 295) isI prakAra 'kalA' zabda meM bhI navIna artha kA AdhAna kiyA gayA hai| kalA-ka = AtmA-sukha, lA = laanaadenaa| AcAryazrI ke zabdoM meM: "kalA zabda svayaM kaha rahA ki/'ka' yAnI AtmA-sukha hai 'lA' yAnI lAnA-detA hai/koI bhI kalA ho/kalA mAtra se jIvana meM sukha-zAnti-sampannatA AtI hai|" (pR. 396) 2. varNa-sannidhi : saMgIta ke sapta svaroM meM varNa-sannidhi dvArA navIna artha kI sadbhAvanA kI gaI hai : "sAre gama yAnI/sabhI prakAra ke duHkha pa'dha yAnI ! pada-svabhAva/aura/ni yAnI nahIM, du:kha AtmA kA svabhAva-dharma nahIM ho sakatA, ...ina sapta-svaroM kA bhAva samajhanA hI sahI saMgIta meM khonA hai/sahI saMgI ko pAnA hai|" (pR. 305) 3. pada-bhaMga : aneka sthaloM para pada-bhaMga dvArA zabdoM meM navIna arthoM kA sandhAna kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ lekhaka kA buddhi kauzala, zabdArtha bhaMgimA tathA kalpanA vaibhava dekhate hI banatA hai| 'mUkamATI' se isa prakAra ke kucha zabda udAharaNArtha prastuta haiM : gadahA : gada-hA = roga hantA "merA nAma sArthaka ho prabho !/yAnI/gada kA artha hai roga hA kA artha hai hAraka/maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA banU~ "basa/aura kucha vAMchA nahIM/gada-hA "gadahA!" (pR. 40) saMsAra : saM-sAra = samyak rUpa meM sarakane vAlA "sR dhAtu gati ke artha meM AtI hai, saM yAnI samIcIna/sAra yAnI sarakanA jo samyak sarakatA hai/vaha saMsAra kahalAtA hai|" (pR. 161) niyati : ni-yati = nija meM hI sthiratA "'ni' yAnI nija meM hI/'yati' yAnI yatana-sthiratA hai apane meM lIna honA hI niyati hai/nizcaya se yahI yati hai|" (pR. 349) vaikharI : vai-kharI = nizcaya hI kharI "sajjana-mukha se nikalI vANI/'vai' yAnI nizcaya se 'kharI' yAnI saccI hai,/sukha-sampadA kI smpaadikaa|" (pR. 403)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 323 4. nirvacana : pada-bhaMga dvArA zabdArtha siddhi hetu nirvacana zailI bhI apanAI gaI hai| AcAryazrI ke cintana se isa prakAra ke zabda navIna arthacchaTA se maNDita hue haiM, yathA : AdamI : A-damI = saMyamI "saMyama ke binA AdamI nahIM/yAnI/AdamI vahI hai jo yathA-yogya/sahI AdamI hai / " (pR. 64) , kRpANa : kRpA-na = kRpAlu nahIM __ "kRpANa kRpAlu nahIM haiM/ve svayaM kahate haiM hama haiM kRpANa/hamameM kRpA na !" (pR. 73) vasudhaiva kuTumbakam : vasu (dhana) hI kuTumba hai " "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam"/isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai vasu yAnI dhana-dravya/dhA yAnI dhAraNa karanA/Aja dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai/dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kaa|" (pR. 82) rasanA : rasa-nA = rasa (Ananda) nahIM "mukha se bAhara nikalI hai rasanA/thor3I-sI ulaTI-palaTI, kucha kaha rahI-sI lagatI hai-/bhautika jIvana meM rasa nA!" (pR. 180) caraNa : cara-na = cara (vicaraNa) na kara "svayaM caraNa-zabda hI/upadeza aura Adeza de rahA hai hitaiSiNI A~khoM ko, ki/caraNa ko chor3akara kahIM anyatra kabhI bhI/cara na ! cara na !! cara na !!!" (pR. 359) 5. varNa-viparyaya : bhASA vijJAna meM dhvani vicAra ke antargata varNa-viparyaya kA vivecana milatA hai para vahA~ isake kAraNa artha meM parivartana nahIM hotA hai / AcAryazrI ne zabdoM meM varNa-viparyaya (viloma rUpa) dvArA navIna arthoM kI udbhAvanA kI hai, udAharaNArtha : yAda = dayA : "sva kI yAda hI/sva-dayA hai/viloma-rUpa se bhI yahI artha nikalatA hai/yA"da d"yaa|" (pR. 38) rAhI = hIrA : "saMyama kI rAha calo/rAhI bananA hI to/hIrA bananA hai svayaM rAhI zabda hI/viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai raa"hii"hii"raa|" (pR. 56-57) kharA = rAkha: "kharA zabda bhI svayaM/viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai rAkha bane binA/kharA-darzana kahA~ ?/raa"kh"kh"raa"|" (pR. 57) lAbha =bhalA: "sukha yA du:kha ke lAbha meM bhI/bhalA chupA huA rahatA hai, dekhane se dikhatA hai samatA kI A~khoM se,/lAbha zabda hI svayaM viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai-/lAbha "bh"laa"|" (pR. 87) tAmasa = samatA : "isake aMga-aMga meM/raga-raga meM/vizva kA tAmasa A bhara jAya koI cintA nahIM,/kintu, viloma bhAva se/yAnI tA"ma"sa sa" m"taa"|" (pR. 284)
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________________ 324 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kucha sthaloM para zabda kI punarukti dvArA artha bhaMgimA kA vidhAna huA hai| isa dRSTi se nimnalikhita udAharaNa meM 'pAnI' zabda kA prayoga draSTavya hai : "he mAnI, prANI !/ pAnI ko to dekha, / aura aba to pAnI-pAnI ho jA..!" (pR. 53) nimnAMkita udAharaNa meM bhaMga pada dvArA 'parakho' tathA 'apanA lo' meM bhI yahI pravRtti parilakSita hotI hai : " kisI vidha mana meM / mata pApa rakho, / para, kho use pala-bhara parakho pApa ko bhI / phira jo bhI nirNIta ho, ho apanA, lo, apanAlo use !" (pR. 124) kahIM-kahIM AcAryazrI ne zabdoM kI svAnubhUta paribhASAe~ bhI nirdhArita kI haiM, yathA : "saMgIta use mAnatA hU~ / jo saMgAtIta hotA hai / aura prIti use mAnatA hU~/jo aMgAtIta hotI hai / " (pR. 144-145) strI ke vibhinna paryAyoM - nArI, mahilA, abalA, kumArI, strI, sutA, duhitA, mAtR, aMganA kA AcAryazrI ne uparyukta vibhinna zailiyoM meM saTIka nirvacana kiyA hai| AcAryazrI ne grantha kI samApti taka pahu~cate-pahu~cate 'samAjavAda' kI arthasiddhi karate hue svayaM zabdArtha ke mahattva kI ora saMketa kiyA hai : " are kama-se-kama / zabdArtha kI ora to dekho !" (pR. 461 ) isa prakAra zabdoM meM navIna arthoM ke AdhAna kI dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya nizcaya hI advitIya hai / pRSTha 43 adhomukhI jIvana UrdhvamukhI ho..... Arya pA jAte haiM, yahA~ pr|
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________________ dArzanika pRSThabhUmi para sRjita advitIya mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. rAmacaritra siMha digambara jaina santa AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara dvArA praNIta 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya paramparA kI anupama evaM adbhuta kalAkRti hai / prastuta mahAkAvya jahA~ Adhunika kavitA kA utkRSTa nidarzana hai vahIM yaha AdhyAtmika bhAvabhUmi para AdhArita jIvana-jagat kI anupama jhA~kI prastuta karane vAlI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi para sRjita aisI saMracanA hai jo apane meM advitIya hai / mahAkAvya ke prastavana' meM ise sahaja hI svIkArA gayA hai : 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA sRjana Adhunika bhAratIya sAhitya kI eka ullekhanIya upalabdhi hai| sabase pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki mATI jaisI akiMcana, pada-dalita aura tuccha vastu ko mahAkAvya kA viSaya banAne kI kalpanA hI nitAnta anokhI hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki mATI kI tucchatA meM carama bhavyatA ke darzana karake usakI vizuddhatA ke upakrama ko mukti kI maMgala-yAtrA ke rUpaka meM DhAlanA kavitA ko adhyAtma ke sAtha a-bheda kI sthiti meM pahu~cAnA hai| isIlie AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara kI kRti 'mUkamATI' mAtra kavi-karma nahIM hai, yaha eka dArzanika santa kI AtmA kA saMgIta hai-santa jo sAdhanA ke jIvanta pratirUpa haiM aura sAdhanA jo Atma-vizuddhi kI maMz2iloM para sAvadhAnI se paga dharatI huI, lokamaMgala ko sAdhatI hai / yaha santa tapasyA se arjita jIvana-darzana ko anubhUti meM racA-pacA kara sabake hRdaya meM guMjarita kara denA cAhate haiN| nirmala-vANI aura sArthaka sampreSaNa kA jo yoga unake pravacanoM meM prasphuTita hotA hai-usameM mukta chanda kA pravAha aura kAvyAnubhUti kI antaraMga laya samanvita karake AcAryazrI ne ise kAvya kA rUpa diyA hai|" kAvya kA prArambha mahAkAvyocita guNoM ke AdhAra para prakRti citraNa se hotA hai : "nizA kA avasAna ho rahA hai/...prAcI ke adharoM para manda madhurima muskAna hai/...adha-khulI kamalinI/DUbate cA~da kI cA~danI ko bhI nahIM dekhatI/A~kheM khola kr|" (pR. 1-2) prakRti kA mAnavIkaraNa kitanA mohaka hai : "abalA bAlAyeM saba/taralA tArAyeM aba/chAyA kI bhA~ti/ apane patideva candramA ke pIche-pIche ho/chupI jA rahIM/kahIM"sudUra"diganta meM" divAkara unheM/dekha na le, isa zaMkA se|" (pR. 2) prakRti ke mAdhyama se hI kavi ne jIvana ke zAzvata pravAha kA sandeza diyA hai : "manda-manda/sugandha pavana/baha rahA hai;/bahanA hI jIvana hai bahatA-bahatA/kaha rahA hai|" (pR. 2-3) prastuta kAvya ke mUla meM jaina darzana pUrNarUpeNa samAhita hai / grantha ke Amukha rUpa 'mAnasa-taraMga' meM hI kahA gayA hai : "kucha darzana, jaina-darzana ko nAstika mAnate haiM aura pracAra karate haiM ki jo Izvara ko nahIM mAnate haiM, ve nAstika hote haiN|" yaha mAnyatA unakI darzana-viSayaka alpajJatA ko hI sUcita karatI hai / jJAta rahe, ki zramaNa-saMskRti ke sampoSaka jaina-darzana ne bar3I AsthA ke sAtha Izvara ko parama zraddheya-pUjya ke rUpa meM svIkArA hai, sRSTi-kartA ke rUpa meM nahIM / isIlie jaina-darzana, nAstika darzanoM ko sahI dizAbodha denevAlA eka Adarza Astika darzana hai| ...isIlie
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________________ 326 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'saMkara - doSa' se bacane ke sAtha-sAtha varNa-lAbha ko mAnava jIvana kA audArya va sAphalya mAnA hai / jisane zuddhasAttvika bhAvoM se sambandhita jIvana ko dharma kahA hai; jisakA prayojana sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM praviSTa huI kurItiyoM ko nirmUla karanA aura yuga ko zubha-saMskAroM se saMskArita kara bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dekara vItarAga zramaNa-saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai aura jisakA nAmakaraNa huA hai 'muukmaattii|" loka maMgala kI bhAvanA se abhiSikta yaha 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai / dharatI mA~ kA yaha sandeza hai : 'kala ke prabhAta se / apanI yAtrA kA / sUtra - pAta karanA hai tumheM ! prabhAta * kumbhakAra AyegA / patita se pAvana banane, / samarpaNa-bhAva-sa usake sukhada caraNoM meM / praNipAta karanA hai tumheM / apanI yAtrA kA sUtra -pAta karanA hai tumheM !" (pR. 16-17) prastuta khaNDa meM samarpaNa kI bhAvanA, sneha, audArya jaise mAnavIya guNoM ko nirUpita kiyA gayA hai : " dayA kA honA hI / jIva-vijJAna kA / samyak paricaya hai / " (pR. 37) " vAsanA kA vilAsa / moha hai, / dayA kA vikAsa / mokSa hai/ bhayaMkara hai, aMgAra hai ! eka jIvana ko burI taraha / jalAtI hai eka jIvana ko pUrI taraha / jilAtI hai / zubhaMkara hai, zRMgAra hai / " (pR.38) "pApI se nahIM / pApa se / paMkaja se nahIM, / paMka se / ghRNA karo / ayi Arya ! / nara se / nArAyaNa bano / samayocita kara kArya / " (pR. 50-51 ) m 0 0 isa prakAra prathama khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' meM vibhinna mAnavIya mUlyoM kI sthApanA ke sAtha hI kumbhakAra mATI meM mile kaMkara kaNoM ko chAna kara, jo varNa saMkara haiM, maMgala ghaTa kA sArthaka rUpa denA cAhatA hai / dUsare khaNDa ' zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' meM kavi apane dArzanika vicAroM ko abhivyakta karatA huA kahatA hai : " puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI / mokSa hai, sAra hai / / aura anyatra ramanA hI / bhramanA hai / moha hai, saMsAra hai|" (pR. 93) santa kavi ne svIkArA hai : " bodha ke siMcana binA / zabdoM ke paudhe ye kabhI lahalahAte nahIM, yaha bhI satya hai ki / zabdoM ke paudhoM para / sugandha makaranda-bhare bodha ke phUla kabhI mahakate nahIM / " (pR. 106 - 107 ) kumbhakAra racanAkAra hai jo kSamA kI mUrti hai : " are suno ! / kumbhakAra kA svabhAva - zIla / kahA~ jJAta hai tumheM ? jo apAra aparampAra / kSamA- sAgara ke usa pAra ko / pA cukA hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 327 kSamA kI mUrti/kSamA kA avatAra hai vh|" (pR. 105) kavi kI mAnyatA hai : "kulAla-cakra yaha, vaha sAna hai/jisa para jIvana car3hakara anupama pahaluoM se nikhara AtA hai,/pAvana jIvana kI aba zAna kA kAraNa hai|" (pR. 162) khaNDa tIna puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' meM kavi ne puNya karmoM dvArA sampAdita zreyaskara upalabdhiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai / paropakAra parAyaNa nimna paMktiyA~ ullekhanIya haiM : "vasudhA kI sArI sudhA/sAgara meM jA ekatra hotI/phira preSita hotI Upara.. aura/usakA sevana karatA hai/sudhAkara, sAgara nahIM sAgara ke bhAgya meM kSAra hI likhA hai|" (pR. 191) strI jIvana kI vividhi sArthaka abhivyaktiyA~ kAvya meM santa kavi ne bar3e hI tArkika DhaMga se prastuta kI haiM : " 'sa' yAnI sama-zIla saMyama/'trI' yAnI tIna artha haiN| dharma, artha, kAma-puruSArthoM meM/puruSa ko kuzala-saMyata banAtI hai so'"strI kahalAtI hai|" (pR.205) sAdhanA ke svarUpa kA vizleSaNa karatA huA kavi kahatA hai : "jala aura jvalanazIla anala meM/antara zeSa rahatA hI nhiiN| sAdhaka kI antara-dRSTi meN|/nirntr sAdhanA kI yAtrA/bheda se abheda kI ora veda se aveda kI ora/bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI cAhie/anyathA, vaha yAtrA nAma kI hai/yAtrA kI zurUAta abhI nahIM huI hai|" (pR. 267) khaNDa cAra 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' meM kavi ne kumbhakAra dvArA nirmita ghaTa ko agni se tapA kara pUrNatA pradAna karane ke vividha citroM ke sAtha hI jIvana ke vividha mAnavIya evaM dArzanika pakSoM ko bhI ujAgara kiyA hai : "niyama-saMyama ke sammukha/asaMyama hI nahIM, yama bhI apane ghuTane Teka detA hai|" (pR. 269) mAnavIya mUlyoM para AdhArita nimna paMktiyA~ atyanta sArthaka haiM : "nirbala-janoM ko satAne se nahIM,/bala-saMbala de bacAne se hI balavAnoM kA bala sArthaka hotA hai|" (pR. 272)
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________________ 328 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sAdhaka kI sAdhanA ke viSaya meM kavi kahatA hai : "...kSamA dharanA kSamA karanA/dharma hai sAdhaka kA dharma meM ramA karanA !" (pR 283) avA se nikale hue ghaTa ke bhAvoM meM kavi ne santoM ke vajra se kaThora aura puSpa se bhI komala hRdaya kI avadhAraNA ko isa prakAra vyakta kiyA hai : 0 "lo, kumbha ko avA se bAhara nikale/...aba durlabha nahIM kucha bhI ise saba kucha sammukha "samakSa !/bhakta kA bhAva apanI ora bhagavAna ko bhI khIMca le AtA hai|" (pR. 299) 0 "pIyUSa pAyI haMsa-paramahaMsa ho,/apane prati vajra-sama kaThora para ke prati navanIta "/mRdu...|" (pR. 300) santa samAgama kI mahimA kA ullekha karate hue kavi kahatA hai : "santa-samAgama kI yahI to sArthakatA hai/saMsAra kA anta dikhane lagatA hai, samAgama karanevAlA bhale hI/turanta santa-saMyata/bane yA na bane isameM koI niyama nahIM hai,/kintu vaha/santoSI avazya banatA hai|" (pR. 352) anta meM santa kavi 'kumbha' ke mukha se 'maMgala kAmanA' vyakta karatA hai : "yahA~ saba kA sadA/jIvana bane maMgalamaya/chA jAve sukha-chA~va, sabake saba TaleM-/amaMgala-bhAva,/sabakI jIvana latA/harita bharita viha~sita ho guNa ke phUla vilasita hoM/nAzA kI AzA miTe/AmUla mahaka uThe/ basa!" (pR.478) aura, isa samIkSA ke anta meM kumbhakAra ke svara meM svara milA kara apanA vinamra nivedana karU~gA : "yaha saba/RSi-santoM kI kRpA hai,/unakI hI sevA meM rata eka jaghanya sevaka hU~ mAtra,/aura kucha nhiiN|" (pR. 484) anta meM, santa kavi kI hI vANI meM : "vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI/avazya milegI/magara mArga meM nahIM, maMz2ila para !" (pR. 488) pRSTha370dIpA le cala sakatA hai -..-AkheM bhI banda ho jAtI haiN|
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________________ mukti kI AkAMkSA aura mUka vedanA kA mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. manujI zrIvAstava 'santa' zabda kI utpatti prAyaH 'zAnta' yA 'satya' se mAnI jAtI hai / sAdhAraNa rUpa se 'santa' zabda kA prayoga kisI pavitrAtmA aura sadAcArI puruSa ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| kabhI-kabhI yaha sAdhu yA mahAtmA kA paryAya bhI samajha liyA jAtA hai| DaoN. dhIrendra varmA ne kahA hai : "yaha usa vyakti kA bodha karAtA hai jisane sata-rUpI parama tattva kA anubhava kara liyA ho aura jo isa prakAra apane vyaktitva se Upara uTha kara usake sAtha tadrUpa ho gayA ho|" santoM ke lakSaNa vibhinna bhaktoM ke dvArA prastuta vANI ke anusAra ye haiM : " viSayoM ke prati nirapekSa rahane vAle, satkarma karane vAle, kisI se vaira pradarzita na karane vAle, nissaMga, niSkAma puruSa santa hote haiM"-ye sabhI vizeSatAe~ 'mUkamATI' ke racayitA AcArya vidyAsAgarajI meM vidyamAna haiN| kavi ne bhautikatA se dUra raha kara bhI sahRdaya ke hRdaya meM yaha bhAva jAgRta karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai ki mATI jaisI dalita vastu Aqhira hai to nArI kA sajIva rUpa / usake andara vaha vedanA hai, vaha abhilASA hai ki kabhI to usakA nAyaka use apanI nAyikA banAegA / usakI isa AkAMkSA ko AcAryajI ne apane jJAnamaya zabda-puSpoM se kisa taraha varNita kiyA hai, isakA anumAna pAThaka hI lagA sakate haiN| vidyAsAgarajI kI kAvya-pratibhA kA yaha camatkAra hai ki mATI jaisI nirIha, dalita vastu ko mahAkAvya kA viSaya banA kara usakI mUka vedanA aura mukti kI abhilASA ko vANI dI hai| kumbhakAra ne miTTI kI dhruva aura bhavya sattA ko pahacAna kara, kUTa-chAna kara, varNa saMkara aura kaMkara ko haTAkara use nirmala mRdutA kA varNalAbha diyA hai| phira cAka para car3hAkara, Aga meM tapAkara use aisI maMz2ila taka pahu~cAyA hai, jahA~ vaha pUjA kA maMgala ghaTa bana kara jIvana kI sArthakatA prApta karatI hai| sarvaprathama prathama khaNDa - 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' meM dharatI mA~ ke sammukha mATI apanA hRdaya khola kara satya kaha rahI hai : "svayaM patitA hU~/aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se, "adhama pApiyoM se/pada-dalitA hU~ mA~ ! sukha-muktA hU~/duHkha-yuktA hU~/tiraskRta tyaktA hU~ mA~ ! isakI pIr3A avyaktA hai/vyakta kisake sammukha karU~ !" (pR. 4) dharatI mA~ apanI dukhita beTI kI sArI bAtoM ko suna kara samajhAte hue kahatI hai ki saMsAra satya ko svIkAratA hai aura asatya kI jIta nahIM hotI beTe : "asatya kI sahI pahacAna hI/satya kA avadhAna hai, beTA !" (pR. 9) khaNDa eka meM hI spaSTa kara diyA hai ki 'mUkamATI' kA sRjana vAstava meM "karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana" (gItA,2/47) ke artha ko samajhAtA hai| khaNDa do kI mukhya vizeSatA to zIrSakagata hI hai / zIrSaka hai- 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nhiiN|' jaba kisI vastu kI prAthamika jAnakArI nahIM hotI to usakA anusandhAna asambhava hai| kumbhakAra ne mATI ko khodane kI prakriyA ko badala-badala kara mATI se bheMTa kI hai / zodha aura bodha kI vAstavikatA kA spaSTIkaraNa 'mUkamATI' meM isa prakAra varNita hai : "bodha kA phUla jaba/DhalatA-badalatA, jisameM/vaha pakva phala hI to zodha kahalAtA hai|/bodh meM AkulatA palatI hai/zodha meM nirAkulatA phalatI hai,
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________________ 330 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA phUla se nahIM, phala se/tRpti kA anubhava hotA hai|" (pR. 107) ___ tRtIya khaNDa meM cAra puruSArtha evaM naitika mUlyoM ke dvArA lokakalyANa kI kAmanA varNita hai| isa khaNDa meM kumbhakAra ne mATI kI vikAsa-yAtrA ke mAdhyama se, puNya karma ke sampAdana se upajI zreyaskara upalabdhi kA citraNa kiyA hai / caturtha khaNDa meM jIvana kA sAra chipA huA hai / jaina muni ne vikhaNDita samAja ko ekAkAra karane meM vyakti-vyakti ke karma kA phala anta meM kisa prakAra milatA hai usako tathA nArI bhAvanA ko jAnane ke lie na jAne kitane vistRta arthoM meM spaSTa kiyA hai| kumbhakAra ne ghaTa ko rUpAkAra to de diyA hai, aba use tapAnA hai| isameM kavi kI kitanI hI kalpanAe~ samAhita haiN| 'mUkamATI' vartamAna yuga kI eka mahattvapUrNa kAvya kRti evaM hindI sAhitya kI eka amara racanA hai| ___ 'mUkamATI' kA vizleSaNAtmaka anuzIlana isa prakAra se kiyA jA sakatA hai- "mUkamATI : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana'- prathama- 'mUkamATI' kA sRjana, dvitIya- kathAvastu, tRtIya- pAtra evaM caritra citraNa, caturtha- mahAkAvyatva, paMcama- anubhUti pakSa, SaSTha- abhivyakti pakSa, saptama- darzana evaM aSTama- hindI kAvya paramparA meM 'mUkamATI' kA sthaan| 'mUkamATI' kA sRjana : svayaM ko vidyAsAgarajI ne 'gurucaraNAravinda-caMcarIka' ke rUpa meM likhA hai| 'mAnasataraMga' meM kAvya sRjana kA uddezya ina zabdoM meM varNita hai : "brahmA ko sRSTi kA kartA, viSNu ko sRSTi kA saMrakSaka aura maheza ko sRSTi kA vinAzaka mAnanA mithyA hai, isa mAnyatA ko chor3anA hI AstikatA hai| ...aise hI kucha mUla-bhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana hetu isa kRti kA sRjana huA hai aura yaha vaha sRjana hai jisakA sAttvika sAnnidhya pAkara rAgAtireka se bharapUra zRMgAra-rasa ke jIvana meM bhI vairAgya kA ubhAra AtA hai; ...jisameM zabda ko artha milA hai aura artha ko paramArtha ; jisameM nUtana zodha-praNAlI ko Alocana ke miSa, locana diye haiM; jisane sRjana ke pUrva hI hindI jagat ko apanI AbhA se prabhAvita-bhAvita kiyA hai| pratyUSa meM prAcI kI goda meM chupe bhAnu-sama; jisake avalokana se kAvya-kalA-kuzalakavi taka svayaM ko AdhyAtmika-kAvya-sRjana se dUra pAe~ge; jisakI upAsya-devatA zuddha-cetanA hai / jisake pratiprasaMga-paMkti se puruSa ko preraNA milatI hai- susupta caitanya-zakti ko jAgRta karane kI, jisane varNa-jAti-kula Adi vyavasthA-vidhAna ko nakArA nahIM hai parantu janma ke bAda AcaraNa ke anurUpa, ucca-nIcatA rUpa parivartana ko svIkArA hai| ...jisakA prayojana sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM praviSTa huI kurItiyoM ko nirmUla karanA aura yuga ko zubha-saMskAroM se saMskArita kara bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dekara vItarAga zramaNa-saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai'"aura jisakA nAmakaraNa huA hai 'mUkamATI' / ".."mar3hiyA jI (jabalapura) meM/dvitIya vAcanA kA kAla thA sRjana kA atha huA aura/nayanAbhirAma - nayanAgirI meM pUrNa patha huA/samavasaraNa mandira banA/jaba gajaratha huaa|" (mAnasa-taraMga, pR. XXIV) kathAvastu : miTTI yugoM se kumbhakAra kI pratIkSA karatI rahI hai ki kumbhakAra uddhAra karake usakI avyakta sattA meM se ghaTa kI maMgala mUrti udghATita kregaa| isa kAvya meM bhakta seTha anta meM pUjA ke lie vahI ghaTa letA hai / pAtra evaM caritra-citraNa : kAvya ke nAyaka svayaM guru haiM, antima nAyaka arhanta deva haiM / AdhyAtmika racanA hone ke kAraNa nAyaka-nAyikA kA vibhAjana laukika evaM pAralaukika hai / mATI isa mahAkAvya kI nAyikA hai / seTha sahanAyaka hai / svarNakalaza eka AtaMkavAdI dala AhUta karatA hai / vaha khalanAyaka mAnA gayA hai jisane trAhi-trAhi macA dI hai seTha parivAra meM / seTha kI kSamA-prArthanA se AtaMkavAdiyoM kA hRdaya-parivartana hotA hai / kathA vistRta hotI calI jAtI hai| ye kucha hI pAtra haiM jo ubharakara sAmane Ae haiN|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA : : 331 mahAkAvyatva : mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM ke anurUpa ise mahAkAvya kahanA ucita nahIM hai / parantu isake vistRta AkAra lagabhaga 500 pRSThoM meM samAhita hone ke kAraNa yaha mahAkAvya kahalAne yogya hai / yaha cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai / prakRti citraNa, AdhyAtmika romAMsa, rasa-chanda - alaMkAra kA citraNa, bhAratIya saMskRti citraNa, guru-mahimA, darzana, nAyaka-nAyikA milana Adi sabhI kA samAveza hone ke kAraNa ise hama mahAkAvya kaha sakate haiN| anubhUti pakSa : mahAkAvya kI saphalatA kI kasauTI kAvya ke marmasparzI sthaloM kA cayana aura unake sarala citraNa se mAnI jAtI hai| isa dRSTi se AcArya zrI eka saphala kavi haiN| mATI kI vedanA, vyathA mArmikatA se vyakta huI hai / karuNA sAkAra ho uThI hai| zabda-sAdhanA se Antarika arthoM ko kavi ne spaSTa kiyA hai| nArI, sutA, duhitA, kumArI, strI, abalA Adi zabdoM se AcAryazrI ne mahilAoM ke prati Adara bhAva vyakta kie haiN| pUjA ke upakaraNa bhI sajIva hokara vArtAlApa meM nimagna dikhAI dete haiM / abhivyakti pakSa : AcArya zrI - kavi ke antara meM bhAvoM kA jo uddAma jvAra umar3atA hai usakI abhivyakti vaha vividha kAvyopakaraNoM ke mAdhyama se karatA hai / bhAvoM kI pradhAnavAhinI bhASA hai| isake atirikta zailI, alaMkAravidhAna, chanda vidhAna Adi bhAvAbhivyakti ke anya upakaraNa haiN| AcAryajI ke pAsa zabdoM kA asIma bhaNDAra hai, isalie bhASA unakI cerI hai / unake lie uccAraNa mAtra zabda hai, zabda kA sampUrNa artha samajhanA bodha hai aura bodha ko anubhUti meM, AcaraNa meM utAranA zodha hai / kavi ne khaNDa do meM nava rasoM ko paribhASita kiyA hai| zrRMgAra kI maulika vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai| 'mUkamATI' meM zabdAlaMkAra aura arthAlaMkAroM kI chaTA nae sandarbhoM meM hai| kama se kama 80 udAharaNa maine isa kAvya meM aise dekhe haiM jinameM kavi kI camatkArI arthAnveSiNI dRSTi kA jJAna milatA hai / dhvanyAtmaka, saMgItAtmaka bhASA hai / tukAnta evaM atukAnta kA citraNa hai| abhidhA, lakSaNA evaM vyaMjanA- tInoM dRSTigata hotI haiM / darzana : 'mUkamATI' kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai ki isameM jIvana darzana paribhASita hotA hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki yaha darzana Aropita nahIM lagatA hai balki apane prasaMga va pariveza se udghATita hokara zikSA pradAna karatA hai| mukta chanda ke pravAha meM jIvana kI anubhUti kA citraNa santa ke AcaraNa meM badala kara prastuta kiyA hai| jaina darzana kI cAroM khaNDoM meM saMkSipta rUpa meM vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| hindI kAvya paramparA meM 'mUkamATI' kA sthAna : hindI kAvyakAnana ke saurabha - sikta - prasUnoM meM se eka 'mUkamATI' hai| AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara dvArA praNIta yaha grantha hindI sAhitya kI eka dedIpyamAna vibhUti hai, bhArata aura mA~ bhAratI kA gaurava hai, kavi kI kIrti kA prathama amara AdhAra hai, 'mUkamATI' eka santa kI AtmA kI AvAja hai, AdhyAtmika racanA hai| dharma-darzana evaM adhyAtma ke sAra ko Aja kI bhASA meM evaM mukta chanda kI manorama kAvyazailI meM nibaddha kara kavitA racanA ko nayA AyAma dene vAlI eka anupama kRti hai / karmabaddha AtmA kI vizuddhi kI ora bar3hatI maMz2iloM kI mukti-yAtrA kA rUpaka yaha mahAkAvya hai / isa kRti meM jahA~ hameM svayaM ko aura mAnava ke bhaviSya ko samajhane kI naI dRSTi milatI hai aura eka naI sUjhabUjha ke dvArA hama apane jIvana kI dizA ko sat mArga para le jA sakate haiM, vahIM Aja kI vikRta, vikhaNDita samAja vyavasthA ke sudhAra ke lie yaha eka anupama upalabdhi hai / darzana ke kSetra meM evaM santa kAvya paramparA ke kSetra meM 'mUkamATI' kA sthAna anyatama hai / 'mUkamATI' ko hindI kAvyAkAza kA eka dedIpyamAna nakSatra ni:saMkoca rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai| kasauTI para kasane para yaha eka nIti grantha bhI hai / samAja-vyavasthA ko pUrNa rUpa se nItiparaka banAne ke lie tathA AdarzavAda kI sthApanA ke lie 'mUkamATI' kA sahayoga sarAhanIya hai| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne loka hitakArI sAhitya kI racanA kI hai / [' dainika vizva parivAra,' jhAMsI- uttarapradeza, 13 akTUbara, 1995] O
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________________ hindI ke mahAkAvya aura 'mUkamATI' paM. darabArI lAla jaina zAstrI mahAkAvya kI koI sArvakAlIna yA sarvamAnya paribhASA denA kaThina hai, kyoMki vibhinna yugoM meM usakA svarUpa parivartita hotA rahA hai / mahAkAvya sRjana kA eka sAMskRtika prayAsa hai| mahAkAvya vyaSTi jIvana kI abhivyakti na hokara samaSTi ke jIvana kA citra hotA hai| usameM mAnava-jIvana kI sAmAjika, sAmayika paristhitiyoM aura vizva jIvana kI pracalita pravRttiyoM kA pratibimbana svata: hI ho jAtA hai / vizva ke mahAkAvya manuSyatA kI pragati ke mArga meM mIla ke patthara ke samAna haiN| mahAkAvya meM jIvana kA sarvAMgINa citraNa aMkita hotA hai / mahAkAvya kI racanA yuga jIvana ke saMgharSa ko vyApaka rUpa meM citrita karane ke nimitta se hotI hai / aura sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika jIvanAdarzoM kI pratiSThA kA Agraha hone ke kAraNa mahAkAvya meM pratipAdita jIvana darzana AdarzavAdI hI hotA hai| Adhunika yuga meM hindI ke mahAkAvyoM kI mahAnatama upalabdhi unakA mAnavatAvAdI dRSTikoNa hai / hindI ke mahAkAvyoM kA bAhyAkAra bhI saMskRta meM paribhASita paribhASA ke niyamoM ke hI sarvathA anurUpa nahIM hai| udAharaNArtha tulasI kRta rAmacaritamAnasa, prasAdakRta 'kAmAyanI' evaM AcArya vidyAsAgarakRta 'mUkamATI' draSTavya haiM / ina mahAkAvyoM ne zAstrIya niyamoM ko hI nahIM mahAkAvya ke guNoM ko bhI AtmasAt kara liyA hai / aura ye mahAkAvya apanI mahArghatA ke kAraNa hI loka aura zAstra meM samAdRta haiN| mahAkAvya kI ina vizeSatAoM aura paribhASAoM ke pariprekSya meM 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya sarvathA samAdaraNIya hai| DaoN. zambhunAtha siMha ne hindI ke mahAkAvyoM meM 'pRthvIrAja rAso', 'padamAvata', 'AlhA khaNDa', 'rAmacaritamAnasa' aura 'kAmAyanI'-ina pA~ca ko hI mahAkAvya likhA hai| DaoN. govinda rAma zarmA, DaoN. pratipAla siMha, DaoN. zyAma nandana kizora, DaoN. zyAma sundara vyAsa Adi ne apane zodha prabandhoM meM 'priya pravAsa', 'sAketa, 'kRSNAyana', 'vaidehI vanavAsa' aura 'sAketa santa' ko mahAkAvya mAnA hai| kucha zodha prabandhakAroM ne 'kurukSetra', 'rAvaNa', 'ekalavya', 'siddhArtha', 'aMgarAja', 'pArvatI' aura 'vardhamAna' ko mahAkAvya kI zreNI meM aMkita kiyA hai / ina lekhakoM, samAlocakoM ke zodha prabandha likhe jAte samaya taka 'mUkamATI' kA prakAzana nahIM ho pAyA thA / ata: vaha mahAkAvya unake dRSTigata nahIM ho pAyA thaa| mahAkAvya ko ina guNoM se samanvita honA mAnya huA hai : 1. vastu varNana 2. kalpanAzakti 3. mArmika prasaMgoM kI sRSTi 4. garimApUrNa bhASA zailI- ye bAhya saundarya ke lie evaM antaraMga pakSa meM- 1. rasAtmakatA 2. mahat uddezya aura jIvana-darzana 3. mAnavatAvAdI jIvana-mUlyoM kI pratiSThA 4. yugIna jIvanAdarzoM kI sthApanA 5. sAMskRtika unnayana meM yogadAna 6. unnata vicAra darzana / inheM mahAkAvya sRjana ke pratimAna aura mahAkAvyAlocana ke mAnadaNDa kaha sakate haiN| hindI mahAkAvya rASTrIya jIvana kA pratinidhitva, yugIna cetanA kI abhivyakti, sAmAjika utthAna, kalAtmaka audAtya evaM kAvyAtmaka vaibhava se sampanna hone ke kAraNa mahAkAvyoM kA bhaviSya AzApUrNa evaM Alokamaya hai / vartamAna yuga ke mahAkAvya hindI bhASA aura sAhitya kI sarvatonmukhI pragati ke paricAyaka haiN| hindI ke mahAkAvyoM kI zrRMkhalA meM 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya apanA ati maulika aura garimAmaya sthAna rakhatA hai| 'mUkamATI' : hindI mahAkAvya ke siddhAnta aura mUlyAMkana kI dRSTi se jaba 'mUkamATI' kAvya para vicAra karate haiM to svata: siddha ho jAtA hai ki yaha kAvya saMskRta bhASA ke mahAkAvyoM kI tattva saMhitA ke siddhAntoM ke anusAra bhAmaha, daNDI aura kavirAja vizvanAtha kI mAnyatAoM se pRthak apanI maulika udbhAvanAoM, nUtanatama viSaya kathAnaka, AkarSaka zailI, anokhI vicAra garimA ke kAraNa apanI alaga upalabdhi sthApita karatA hai / yaha cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 333 evaM lagabhaga pA~ca sau pRSThoM meM vistRta hai| isa prakAra vizAlatA ke pariprekSya meM bhI mahAkAvyatva ke gaurava ko dhAraNa karatA hindI ke mahAkAvyoM meM rAmacaritamAnasa', 'sUrasAgara', 'kAmAyanI', 'priyapravAsa', 'sAketa', 'varddhamAna', 'kurukSetra', 'siddhArtha' Adi mahAkAvya paramparAgata paribhASA kI kasauTI para kasane para pUrNata: khare nahIM utarate / kintu isakA Azaya yaha nahIM ki prAcIna paramparAgata paribhASA sadA ke lie hI niyAmaka hai| parivartanazIla sAmAjika pariveza meM vaiyaktika vaiziSTya ke prabhAva se ye hindI mahAkAvya apanI pRthak aura maulika paribhASA-garimA niyojita kara cuke haiN| isa dRSTikoNa se 'sAketa', 'priyapravAsa', 'kAmAyanI' apanI maulika udbhAvanAoM, chAyAvAdI zailI, saundarya evaM pratIkAtmaka bhASA ke kAraNa lakSaNoM se bhinna hone para bhI sarvamAnya mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM samAdRta haiN| __kathAnaka kI nUtanatA, kalpanAoM kA nUtana unmeSa, pAtroM evaM caritroM kI nUtana bhAvapravaNatA ke dRSTikoNa se 'mUkamATI' bhI mahAkAvya kI sImA meM AtA hI hai / dhIrodAtta, dhIra prazAnta, dhIra lalita nAyaka nAyikAoM ke paramparAgata caukhaTe meM jar3ane se vidrohAtmaka racanA-saundarya evaM vyakti vizeSa kA apanA sAMskRtika jIvana-darzana, AdhyAtmika evaM saiddhAntika vaiziSTya ke kAraNa 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya hindI mahAkAvya kI nUtana paribhASA sthApita karane kA gaurava rakhatA hai| prasAda kI 'kAmAyanI' ke prakAzana para niyata mAnyatAoM kI vicAradhArA vAloM ne kAmAyanI'ko samucita samAdara dene meM saMkoca kA anubhava kiyA thA / tabhI AcArya rAmacandra zukla, AcArya nandadulAre vAjapeyI jaise dhurandhara samAlocakoM ne kAvya kalA evaM bhASA-zailI kI dRSTi se ise hindI kA mahAkAvya samAdRta kiyA thaa| Aja ke yuga meM hindI meM aneka mahAkAvyoM kA praNayana ho cukA hai, jinameM prAcIna paramparA kI sImA-rekhAoM ko tor3a kara navIna kathAnaka, maulika udbhAvanAoM, zailI kA AkarSaka vaiziSTya, sAmAjika-dArzanika cintana, sAMskRtika gaurava evaM nUtana jIvana-darzana ke kAraNa unheM mahAkAvya kA gaurava prApta hai, unakI tAlikA lambI hai| ___ 'mUkamATI' kA praNayana Adhunika hindI mahAkAvya zrRMkhalA meM eka ullekhanIya upalabdhi mAnA jA rahA hai| isakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isa mahAkAvya meM mATI jaisI tuccha, upekSita, akiMcana vastu ko viSaya banAkara use parabhAva se mukta karAkara apane Apa meM, svayaM meM sthApita kara vizuddhatA ke prayAsa se mukti ke maMgala ghaTa ke rUpaka dvArA jIvana kA sAphalya nirUpita karanA hai| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara mahArAja jaina dharma-darzana evaM sAdhanA mArga ke tapasvI mahAn santa haiN| jaina darzana kA apanA maulika cintana hai, jo parabhAva se pRthak hokara svabhAva meM Akara, mukta hone kI prakriyA batalAtA hai| vahI jIvana kI saphalatA hai / mahAn santa AcAryazrI se aise hI mahAkAvya ke racanA kI sambhAvanA apekSita thI, jo pUrI huii| kathAvastu, pAtra aura unakA caritra-citraNa, manovaijJAnika bhAva nirUpaNa, rasa-paripAka yA rasasiddhi kI dRSTi se yaha mahAkAvya sampUrNa rUpa se navInatA se paripUrNa aura stutya hai / mATI apane Apa meM tuccha hai, kyoMki usameM prastara-kaNa parabhAva rUpa se vidyamAna haiM, vibhAva rUpa se sampRkta haiN| Atmazuddhi ke lie, para se nija ko (prastara kaNoM kI mATI se) pRthak kara, apane svabhAva meM, mRdutA meM, sahajapane meM A jAnA hotA hai| sAdhanA se, tapa se (agni ke saMsarga se) zuddha ho jAnA hotA hai / isa zuddhatA-vizuddhatA upArjana hetu mana, vacana evaM kAya kI saralatA honA tathA krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rAga, dveSa jaisI duSpravRttiyoM para vijaya prApta karanA AtmA kA mukti-patha para ArUr3ha honA hai| mATI ko racayitA AcAryazrI isI prakriyA se sAdhanA ke patha para agrasara karAte hue loka maMgalakArI sthiti taka pahu~cAte haiN| aisI hI prakriyA dvArA jIvana kI yAtrA saphala hotI hai, loka maMgalakArI hotI hai| mATI, kumbhakAra, pUjA-upAsanA ke upakaraNa, svarNa kalaza se mATI ke kalaza kI zreSThatA, kathAnAyaka kA use Adara denA Adi kA manorama citraNa hai / eka macchara ke dvArA Aja kI jIvana paddhati kA yathArtha citraNa prastuta hotA
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________________ 334 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "sUkhA pralobhana mata diyA karo/svAzrita jIvana jiyA kro|" (pR. 387) aura anta meM pASANa zilA para AsIna vItarAga sAdhu kI vandanA se AtaMkI dala kA Atmazodhana ho jAnA Adi lakSaNAvyaMjanA ke kalAtmaka pariprekSya meM ye prasaMga atyanta mohaka, adbhuta, sundara bana par3e haiN| rasa-paripAka, rasa-siddhi kI dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' pAvana evaM rasasiddha racanA hai / bAlabrahmacArI, mahAn tapasvI santa ne zRMgAra rasa kI aisI pAvana udbhAvanA kI hai jaise meghoM ke AvaraNa ke madhya se dhavala cA~danI dRSTigata ho jaae| zRMgAra ke aise pAvana prasaMga varNana santa-ziromaNi se hI bana sakate haiN| isa mahAkAvya meM AcAryazrI ne varNya viSaya se sambandhita evaM vartamAna janajIvana ke sAmAjika pariveza kI samasyAoM aura jaTilatAoM kA samAdhAna Atmazodhana ke darzana-cintana se kiyA hai| navarasoM kA vizleSaNa, RtuoM kA varNana, prakRti citraNa, mAnava-prakRti se saMzliSTa vivaraNoM ke sAtha-sAtha saMgIta kI svara lahariyoM kA Aroha-avaroha, vaijJAnika khojoM, Ayurvedika evaM jyotiSa jJAna Adi isa mahAkAvya meM pada-pada para pratibimbita hotA hai| bhASA kI dRSTi se isa mahAkAvya ko sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa racanA mAnA jaaegaa| arthAlaMkAra ke bhAvabodha ko zabdAlaMkAra kI chaTA meM veSTita kara, zabda saMgaThana ko sandhi aura viccheda ke mAdhyama se nae artha yA viloma kA bhAva prakaTa karanA, zabda-zakti aura usakI AtmA ko dhvani-pratidhvani ke anurUpa arthAntarita karanA AcAryazrI kI qalama kA adbhuta jAdU hai, jo atimohaka hai| ___ isa mahAkAvya kA sRjana anya darzanoM kI mAnyatA ke samakSa jaina darzana ke mUlabhUta siddhAtoM ke udghATana hetu huA hai / yaha kRti kAvya aura adhyAtma kA sundara samanvaya hai / isameM mATI ke mAdhyama se jIvana zodhana kI abhinava vyAkhyA prastuta hai / yaha jIvana-mukti kA zAstra hai / bhoga aura yoga, bhukti aura mukti kI rasAyana prastuti hai / yaha mahAkAvya ke tattvoM aura guNoM se yukta hai / aura vaha utanA hI zlAghya hai jitane AcAryazrI apane tapa evaM jJAna garimA se pUjyatva ko prApta haiN| 'mUkamATI' meM rasa, chanda, alaMkAra saMyojana bharata muni kA nATya zAstra hI prAcInatama upalabdha grantha hai, jisase kAvyazAstrIya rasa siddhAnta kA sUtrapAta hotA hai / pratyeka avadhAraNA ke mUla utsa ko vedoM se sambaddha karane kI bhAratIya paramparA rahI hai / brahmA, sadAziva, bharata, bharata taNDu nandI, bAsuki Adi nATyAcArya evaM rasAcArya kA RNa svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| unhoMne mAnA ki unake pUrva rasa kI do paramparAe~ pracalita thiiN| eka thI duhiNa kI, jo sAhityika ATha hI rasa mAnate the, dUsarI bAsuki kI, jo zAnta rasa nAmaka nauvA~ rasa bhI mAnate the| sUra sAhitya ke praNayana ke bAda vAtsalya nAmaka dasavA~ rasa pratiSThita ho gyaa| vAtsalya rasa kA zRMgAra Adi kisI bhI rasa meM antarbhAva nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki vAtsalya kA sthAyI bhAva sneha hai, na ki prema / AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne apane 'cintAmaNi' grantha meM zraddhA, bhakti, prema aura sneha kI vizada vyAkhyA karake inameM spaSTa antara nirUpita kiyA hai| prema meM vaha bhAva nahIM hai jo sneha meM vigalita hotA hai| pati-patnI yA premIpremikA ko jo prema meM bhAva vikalatA hotI hai vaha mAtA aura putra ke sneha-vAtsalya bhAva meM isa prakAra kI bhAvanA nahIM hotI / usI prakAra zAnta rasa kI niSpatti, udreka aura rasAnubhUti ke pariprekSya meM kisI aura rasa meM isakA antarbhAva nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isakA sthAyI bhAva nirveda-vairAgya hai| isa rasa ke udreka aura paripAka ke sambandha meM saMskRta ke aneka vidvAnoM ne bahuta kucha vicAra-vimarza kiyA hai| abhinavagupta ne AcArya bharata ke ATha rasoM ke viruddha zAnta rasa ko nauvA~ rasa mAnakara usakI pratiSThA kI hai / aura zAnta rasa kA sthAyI bhAva nirveda, AtmajJAna, tattvajJAna mAnA hai / bhoja ne bhI zAnta rasa kA sthAyI bhAva 'sama' mAnA hai / Ananda
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA : : 335 prakAza dIkSita ne bhI zAnta rasa ke sthAyI bhAva ke rUpa meM AtmajJAna ko mAnyatA pradAna kI hai| AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne apane grantha 'rasa samIkSA' evaM DaoN. nagendra ne apane grantha 'rasa siddhAnta' meM zAnta rasa kI anubhUti ko brahmAnanda sahodara nAma diyA hai / anyathA adhyAtmavAdI samasta sAhitya, jJAna-vairAgya sambandhI kAvya, bhagavad-bhakti sambandhI gIta kAvya phira kisa rasa ke kAvya grantha mAne jAe~ge ? ata: yaha nirvivAda ho gayA hai ki zAnta rasa jJAna-vairAgya mUlaka sAhitya kA AdhAra hai| SatarabhUti ke sambandha meM rasa siddhAnta kI sabase bar3I dena zAnta rasa kI parikalpanA hai aura sabhI rasoM kI pariNati zAnta rasa meM hotI hai, isa spaSTa aura nirbhrAnta sthApanA kA zreya abhinavagupta ko hai / pazcima ke saundarya - zAstriyoM ne bhI yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki saundaryAnubhUti meM, rasAnubhUti meM, eka prakAra kI cintanajanita zAnti evaM vizrAnti kA anubhava hotA hai / prAcIna bhAratIya paramparA meM yaha zAnti tattva aneka kSetroM meM vyApaka rUpa se gRhIta rahA hai| bauddha sAhitya, jaina sAhitya Adi isI zAnta rasa ke AdhAra para sRjita hue haiN| pazcima ke Adhunika vicAraka AI. e. ricarDsa ne saMveda santulana siddhAnta ke rUpa meM zAnta rasa kI mahattvapUrNa sthApanA kI hai, jo abhinavagupta kI dhAraNA ke anurUpa hai / sanAtana hindU dharmazAstroM meM aura kAvyoM meM aneka kAvya vairAgyapoSaka haiM, ata: ve sabhI zAnta rasa sikta haiM / isalie yaha siddha hotA hai ki zAnta rasa sAhitya kA eka pradhAna aura sarvamAnya rasa hai / "zRMgAravIrakaruNahAsyAdbhutabhayAnakAH / raudrabIbhatsazAntAzca navaiti rasAH smRtAH // " uparyukta nau rasoM ke nau sthAyI bhAva isa prakAra svIkAra kie gae haiM- rati, hAsya, zoka, krodha, utsAha, bhaya, jugupsA, vismaya aura zama- ye nau sthAyI bhAva haiM / "ratihAsyau ca zokazca krodhotsAhau bhayaM tathA / jugupsAvismayazamA: sthAyIbhAvaH prakIrtitaH // " Adhunika sAhitya samIkSaka DaoN. rAmavilAsa zarmA rasoM kI saMkhyA nirdhAraNa ke virodhI haiN| unakA kathana hai ki nava yA dasarasoM kI meMr3a bA~dhakara na to sAhitya / kAvya sRjana ho sakatA hai aura na hI apanI manogata saMvedanAoM, bhAvanAoM, kalpanAoM ko unameM bahAyA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki Aja ke mAnava kA jIvana itanI vividhatAoM, samasyAoM, raMgoM se AkrAnta hai ki una saba anubhUtiyoM ko sImita rasoM ke bandhana meM bA~dhakara pratibhA ke prakAza kI pUrNa abhivyakti sambhava nahIM hai| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara dvArA racita 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ko rasa siddhAnta aura rasAnubhUti ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para yaha siddha hotA hai ki isa mahAkAvya meM sabhI pramukha rasoM kA saMyojana saphalatApUrvaka huA hai| zAnta rasa kA pariNAma to vividha saMghaTanAoM ke sAtha draSTavya hai / aMgrejI sAhitya samIkSaka elIsio vAivAsa ne 'kavitA kyA hai' zIrSaka nibandha meM likhA hai : "kalAkRti kI bahutavastugata vizeSatAoM kA jJAna tabhI hotA hai jaba hama usa kRti ke nirmANa, lakSya aura prabhAva ko pahacAnane meM saphala hoM evaM kRtikAra ke vyaktitva ke prakAza meM hama usa kRti ko dekha sakeM / " isa kathana ke anusAra 'mUkamATI' ke racayitA ke vyaktitva kA abhijJAna Avazyaka hai, tabhI hama 'mUkamATI' kI vizeSatAoM ko jJAta kara sakeMge / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara bAlayogI, jaina dharma aura darzana ke prakANDa vidvAn, abhIkSNa jJAnopayogI, adhyAtma
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________________ 336 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA yogI, mahAn santa, santa kAvya-paramparA meM rASTrIya stara ke khyAti prApta kavi haiM / unake dvArA racita yaha 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya mukta chanda kAvyazailI meM nibaddha navIna unmeSoM ko nayA AyAma dene vAlI naI manorama kalAkRti hai| mATI jaisI nirIha, tuccha vastu kI mUka vedanA-kathA ko apane mahAkAvya kA viSaya banAnA AcAryazrI jaise mahAn racanAkAra kI kAvya-pratibhA kA hI camatkAra hai| yaha adbhuta racanA vaiziSTya dhAraNa kie hue hai / isameM kavi ne mATI ke kaMkara Adi doSoM ko dUra kara, use mRdu banA kara, kumbhakAra dvArA kalazAkAra rUpa dekara, agni kI A~ca meM use tapA kara, kalyANakArI banA kara, pUjA jaise pavitra anuSThAna meM lagA kara usakA mATI honA saphala kara diyA hai| isake kathAnaka ne mATI se sambaddha pAtroM kA caritra nirmita kara vartamAna yuga kI aneka samasyAoM, viSamatAoM ko aneka raMga-rUpoM meM ra~gakara isa kAvya kA AkAra sa~bhAlA hai| Ayurveda, nItizAstra, jyotiSa, gaNita Adi viSayoM kA samAveza isa kAvya meM darzanIya hai / karmAvRta AtmA kA mATI jaisI prakriyA ke rAste se guz2aranA ho jAe, tabhI vaha mukti-lAbha prApta kara sakatA hai| bAlayogI santa kavi ne apane santa svabhAva ke anurUpa zrRMgAra kA varNana bhI apane hI anurUpa kiyA hai, jo atyanta manohArI hai / aisA pAvana zRMgArika varNana niSkAma yogI se hI bana sakatA hai : "phUla ne pavana ko/prema meM nahalA diyA,/aura/badale meM pavana ne phUla ko/prema se hilA diyA !" (pR. 258) isa mahAkAvya meM rasoM kA saMyojana bahuta hI svAbhAvika rUpa meM huA hai / mahAkAvya meM zAnta, zRMgAra, vIra, adbhuta, bhayAnaka, raudra Adi rasoM kA paripAka Avazyaka hotA hai / vaha 'mUkamATI' meM sthAna-sthAna para upalabdha hai| kucha viziSTa rasotpAdaka sthala bhI haiN| vaise to isa kAvya meM rasa, alaMkAra Adi kA vivecana eka pRthak pustaka kA AdhAra bana sakatA hai / kintu yahA~ kucha rasAtmaka sthala ko hI sparza kiyA hai| bhayAnaka aura vIra rasa kI udbhAvanA meM utsAha aura krodha sthAyI bhAvoM kA varNana draSTavya hai : "jaladhi kI jaghanyatA ko/tarjanA ke kaThora zUloM se padocita puraskRta karatA/prabhAkara phira/svAbhimAna se bhara AyA, jitanI thI utanI hI pUrI-kI-pUrI/usakI teja uSNatA vaha ubhara AI Upara |/rudhir meM sanI-sI, bhaya kI janI Upara uThI-tanI bhRkuTiyA~/lapalapAtI rasanA banI, mAno Aga kI bUMdeM TapakAtI hoM,/ghanI "kahIM... 'nahIM, nahIM, kisI ko choDUMgI nhiiN|/yuuN garajatI dAvAnala-sama dhadhakatI vanI-sI banI/sahI-sahI samajha meM nahIM aataa| pUrI khulI donoM A~khoM meM/lAvA kA bulAvA hai kyA ?/bhulAvA hai yaha ! bAhara ghUra rahA hai jvAlAmukhI/teja tattva kA mUla-srota/vizva kA vidyut-kendra / saMsAra ke kone-kone meM/teja tattva kA niryAta yahIM se hotA hai, jisake abhAva meM yAtAyAta Thap/jar3a-jaMgamoM kA ! cAroM ora andhakAra, ghup"|" (pR. 233) raudra aura adbhuta rasa kA paripAkamaya aura vismaya sthAyI bhAvoM ke sAtha sammilita huA hai : "kuTila vyAla-cAlavAlA/karAla-kAla gAlavAlA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA : : 337 sAdhu-bala se rahita huA / bAhu-bala se sahita huA / varAha-rAha kA rAhI rAhu/ hitAhita- viveka-vaMcita svabhAva se krUra, kruddha huA / raudra- pUra, ruSTa huA kolAhala kiye binA / eka-do kavala kiye binA / basa, sAbuta hI nigalatA hai pratApa - puMja prabhAkara ko / / sindhu meM bindu-sA mA~ kI gahana - goda meM zizu-sA / rAhu ke gAla meM samAhita huA bhAskara / dinakara tirohita huA so / dina kA avasAna - sA lagatA hai dikhane lagA dIna-hIna dina / durdina se ghirA daridra gRhI - sA / " (pR. 237-238) karuNa aura vAtsalya rasa apanA paricaya svayaM apanI bhASA meM dete hue isa kAvya meM prApta hote haiN| una rasoM kA susaMvedana kara AcAryazrI ne uttama vizleSaNa kSamatA kA paricaya diyA hai : 'karuNA-rasa jIvana kA prANa hai /... vAtsalya - jIvana kA trANa hai ...zAnta - rasa jIvana kA gAna hai / ... karuNA - rasa use mAnA hai, jo kaThinatama pASANa ko bhI / moma banA detA hai, / vAtsalya kA bAnA hai jaghanatama nAdAna ko bhI / soma banA detA hai / " (pR. 159) aura zAnta rasa kA paricaya dete hue svayaM zAnta rasa kI sAkAra mUrti AcAryazrI mAnoM svayaM apanA paricaya de rahe "saba rasoM kA anta honA hI - / zAnta - rasa hai / " (pR. 160 ) yaha samUcA mahAkAvya zAnta rasa kA udAharaNa hI hai| zAnta rasa kA sthAyIbhAva nirveda hai yAnI saMsAra se vimukhatA tathA para se sva kI ora dRSTi / isa mahAkAvya meM samasta pAtra nija meM nijatA kI khoja karate haiM : "apane ko chor3akara / para - padArtha se prabhAvita honA hI moha kA pariNAma hai / aura / saba ko chor3akara apane Apa meM bhAvita honA hI / mokSa kA dhAma hai|" (pR. 109-110) mATI kA kumbha zivapathagAmI munirAja ke pAda - prakSAlana kara apane ko dhanya mAnatA hai aura kaha uThatA hai : " zaraNa, caraNa haiM Apake, / tAraNa taraNa jahAja, bhava-dadhi taTa taka le calo / karuNAkara gururAja !" (pR. 325) isa prakAra isa mahAkAvya meM rasoM kI apanI sthiti kA paricaya apane Apa karAte hue kavi ne svayaM sabhI rasoM zAnta meM Dubo diyA hai| rasa vivecana ke mahAn saMskRtAcArya abhinavagupta (11 vIM zatAbdI) ne zAnta rasa ko rasarAja kahA tathA rasa ke svAda kA kalAtmaka vivecana kara ise dRr3ha dArzanika AdhAra bhUmi pradAna kI hai| 'mUkamATI' meM chandoM ke sambandha meM itanA kahanA paryApta hogA ki mAtrika aura varNika chanda apanI sImA meM Abaddha rahane ke kAraNa kavi ke bhAva - pravAha meM avarodha utpanna kara sakate the / hindI kavitA meM tukavihIna chanda ko jayazaMkara prasAda, sumitrAnandana panta aura sUryakAnta tripAThI 'nirAlA' jaise mahAkaviyoM ne apanI kavitA kA AdhAra banA kara isa layabaddha chanda ko mAnyatA pradAna kii| taba se yaha pravahamAna chanda hindI kavitA kA priya AdhAra bana gayA hai| yaha
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________________ 338 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA mahAkAvya isI pravahamAna chanda meM pravAhita hotA hai / alaMkAroM kI chaTA adbhuta hai / bhAvoM ke pravAha meM jaise darzana, siddhAnta, nItigata uktiyA~, gaNita ke siddhAnta kA svarUpa, jyotiSa, Ayurveda Adi siddhAnta, jIvana evaM darzana kI gutthiyA~ sulajhA kara sAtha meM pravAhita hone lagatI haiM, usI prakAra isameM pada-pada para upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA, yamaka, zleSa aura anuprAsa Adi alaMkAra usa pravAha meM, gati meM, laya meM DUbate-utarAte se dRSTigata hote haiM / alaMkAroM kI balAt bharamAra raMca mAtra bhI dikhAI nahIM par3atI hai| saMskRta ke AcAryoM ke anusAra kevala abhidhA ke sahAre vibhAva AdikoM kI vAcyArtha pratIti karAne se usakA laukika rUpa hI pratIta hotA hai, jo rasAnubhUti ke sarvathA anupayukta hai / lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA ke dvArA sahI rasAnubhUti sambhava hotI hai| prasAdajI kA 'kAmAyanI' kAvya chAyAvAdI zailI kA sarvottama kAvya mAnA jAtA hai| isameM mana kI sUkSma bhAvanAoM ko sAkAra rUpa pradAna kara unheM isa kAvya ke pAtroM ke rUpa meM darzAyA gayA hai| mana, mana meM utpanna hone vAlI bhAvanAoM, cintA, AzA, kAma vAsanA, lajjA, ir3A (baddhi) Adi sabhI pAtra rUpa dhAraNa kara 'kAmAyanI' kI kathA ko saundarya pradAna karate haiN| aura inhIM pAtroM ke mAdhyama se prasAdajI ne apane vaicArika siddhAntoM ke dvArA mAnava jIvana kI sArthakatA kA sandeza sAkAra kiyA hai / yaha mahAkAvya hindI sAhitya kA zreSTha mahAkAvya mAnA jAtA hai| ____ AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara mahArAja kA 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya 'kAmAyanI' mahAkAvya se aura Age bar3ha gayA hai| isameM mATI se ghaTa banakara aura ghaTa ke pAvana jala se paramAtmA ke caraNa prakSAlana taka Ane vAle samasta upakaraNa, sAdhana, avA, lakar3I, agni, havA, bAdala, nadI, rassI evaM samasta prakRti sajIva pAtra banakara isa mahAkAvya kI kathAvastu ko saundarya pradAna karate hue use Age bar3hAte haiM / ina nirjIva upakaraNoM aura vastuoM kI bhASA, unameM bhAvoM kA Adarza, siddhAntoM kA vivecana, nItigata upadeza, sat-asat bhAvoM kA saMgharSa, sat kI vijaya asato mA sad gamaya' kA dhruva siddhAnta mahAn saundarya ke sAtha pratiphalita huA hai| aisA koI viSaya nahIM jo isa mahAkAvya meM prasaMgAnusAra upasthita hokara apanA Adarza rUpa prakaTa na karatA ho / sabhI nirjIva pAtra sajIva rUpa dhAraNa kara mAnava-jIvana kI azAnta avasthAoM ko zAnti kI ora le jAte haiM aura aneka anuttarita praznoM ke sahI uttara prastuta karate haiN| mRtyormA amRtaM gamaya' kA sandeza dete haiN| jinakA samasta jIvana hI zAnta rasa kA svarUpa hai, svabhAva hai, aise mahAn santa se aise hI mahAkAvya kI kAmanA pUrI ho sakatI thii| _ 'mUkamATI' kI bhASA ke sambandha meM pRthak se eka svatantra pustaka nirmita kI jAnI cAhie, kyoMki isa mahAkAvya kI bhASA, usakA svarUpa, vyaMjanAtmaka dhvani, lakSaNAtmaka prayoga, zabda kI banAvaTa evaM usakA viccheda kara artha kA sAmya aura vaiSamya artha bhAva, zabda kA anekArthoM meM prayoga, pratyeka zabda kI vyutpatti kI sArthakatA ityAdi zabda-zakti kA jJAna jitanA isa kAvya ke racayitA ko hai, utanA anyatra dekhane ko nahIM miltaa| jo isa kAvya meM hai, vaha thor3A-thor3A saba meM hai, jo isa kAvya meM nahIM, vaha kahIM nahIM hai| 'mATI ke mAdhyama se jisameM, Atma-tattva kA zodhana / usa 'mATI' ke nirmAtA ko. merA zata-zata vandana // ' pRSTha 355 yaha lekhanI bhI... hamArIbhI yahI bhAvanA hai|
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________________ mAtA kA jaya-ga DaoN. suzIlA guptA nArI kI pada maryAdA bhArata deza meM pravRtti mArga ke utthAna se uThatI aura nivRtti mArga ke pracAra se giratI rahI hai| isa deza kI janatA ne loka kI pratiSThA bar3hAne aura aihika sukha ko mahattva dene kI manovRtti ke sAtha nArI ko atyanta sammAnajanaka sthAna diyA hai aura samAja kI unnati ke lie nArI kI unnati ko Avazyaka mAnA hai| "yatra nAryastu pUjyante ramante tatra devatAH" jaise udgAra nArI kI pratiSThA aura sammAna ke dyotaka mAne jA sakate haiM, parantu samAja kA eka aisA bhI varga rahA hai, jisane jIvana ko asatya aura kSaNabhaMgura mAna loka kI apekSA paraloka kI cintA meM vairAgya kI svIkRti ke sAtha nArI kI maryAdA kI pUrNa upekSA kI hai| jIvana ko bhoga-vilAsa kI vastu samajhane vAloM ne jIvana kA saccA sukha pAne ke lie nArI ko sammAna diyA, usakI pUjA kI, kyoMki ve samajhate the ki nArI Ananda kI khAna hai / ata: usa Ananda kI khAna nArI ko ThukarAkara nahIM, varan use svIkRti pradAna karake hI jIvana meM Anandopabhoga sambhava hai, parantu jinhoMne jIvana meM vairAgya kA rAstA apanAyA, unhoMne vaiyaktika mukti ke lie nArI ko siddhi ke mArga meM bAdhaka samajha use tyAga dene aura usakI upekSA meM hI apanA gaurava smjhaa| punarutthAna yuga ke manISiyoM, cintakoM aura samAja-sudhArakoM ke mArgadarzana meM dezavAsiyoM ne jisa prakAra apanI rAjanItika parAdhInatA kI dAha kA anubhava kiyA, usI prakAra nArI ke prati ativAdI dRSTikoNoM kI vAstavikatA kA sAmanA kiyaa| nArI ke nakha-zikha ke saundarya para mugdha ho kartavya-patha se vicalita ho vAsanApUrNa jIvana jIne aura nAriyoM kI avajJA sikhAne vAlI kutsita paramparA donoM kA Adhunika yuga meM mUloccheda ho gayA aura dezavAsiyoM ke mana meM yaha anubhUti jagI ki nArI apane vyaktitva, nirNaya aura yogyatA kI dhanI hai tathA samAja meM Adara, zraddhA aura sneha kI pAtra hai| ___ 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke racayitA AcArya vidyAsAgara eka dArzanika santa haiN| maharSi aravinda kA kathana hai ki AdhyAtmika satya kA cintaka aura dArzanika, dhArmika aura naitika hI nahIM, vyAvahArika jIvana kA bhI sarvottama mArgadarzaka hotA hai| AcArya vidyAsAgara kA adhyayana sUkSma hai, unakI lekhanI meM lokamaMgala kI tAqata hai aura unakI kRti 'mUkamATI' meM jana-sAdhAraNa hI nahIM, vidvAnoM ke lie bhI amara sandeza hai / unhone jisa taraha miTTI ko svarNa se bhI U~cA ThaharAyA hai, usI taraha nArI ko bhI bahuta U~cA sthAna pradAna kiyA hai| - AcArya vidyAsAgara meM strI ke jananI rUpa ko sabase bar3hakara mAnA hai / unakI dRSTi meM jananI kA yaha svabhAva hotA hai ki bhUkhe-pyAse baccoM ko dekhakara usakA vAtsalya umar3a par3atA hai| usake hRdaya se dUdha kI dhAra bahane lagatI hai, yadi baccA kSudhAta hotA hai / yA yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki usake dUdha ko isI avasara kI pratIkSA rahatI hai ki vaha apanI santAna kI kSudhA kA nivAraNa kre| AcAryazrI ke anusAra strI kA nAma bhIru' isalie par3A ki vaha pApa-bhIru hotI hai| vaha svabhAva se hI pApa ke palar3e ko bhArI nahIM par3ane detI, isalie usakI pApa-bhIrutA palatI rahatI hai| strI yadi bhUle-bhaTake kupathagAminI hotI hai to usakA kAraNa vaha svayaM nahIM, balki puruSa hotA hai| use to kupatha aura supatha kI acchI parakha hotI hai, isalie svecchA se vaha kupatha kI ora agrasara ho hI nahIM sktii| vaha to puruSa hai, jisase bAdhya hokara use kupatha kI ora agrasara honA par3atA hai| nArI ko nara se zreSTha mAnane kA bar3appana rASTrakavi maithilIzaraNa gupta ke kAvya meM bhI milatA hai : "eka nahIM do do mAtrAe~, nara se bhArI naarii|" ('dvApara')
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________________ 340 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA AcArya vidyAsAgara ke anusAra 'nArI' zabda kA artha hai- na+ari, arthAt jisakA koI zatru nahIM hai aura jo ajAtazatru banakara vizvabandhutva kI ora bar3hatI hai / usakI A~khoM se karuNA kI ajasra dhArA pravAhita hotI rahatI hai aura zatrutA use chU nahIM sktii| nArI mahilA' kahalAne kI haqadAra hai, kyoMki vaha puruSa ke jIvana meM maMgalamaya vAtAvaraNa lAtI hai : "jo/maha yAnI maMgalamaya mAhaula,/mahotsava jIvana meM lAtI hai, mahilA kahalAtI vh|" (pR. 202) ___ jo nirAdhAra hotA hai, nirAvalamba hotA hai, jise AdhAra yA sahAre kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hotI hai, jo jIvana meM pUrNatayA nirAza aura hatotsAha hotA hai, usa puruSa meM : "mahI yAnI dharatI/dhRti-dhAraNI jananI ke prati apUrva AsthA jagAtI hai| aura puruSa ko rAstA batAtI hai sahI-sahI gantavya kA-/mahilA kahalAtI vaha !" (pR. 203) yahI nahIM, jo saMgrahaNI vyAdhi se pIr3ita hotA hai, jisake jIvana meM saMyama aura jaTharAgni manda par3I hai aura jo parigraha saMgraha se pIr3ita hotA hai, usa puruSa ko vaha maThA-maherI pilAtI hai, isalie 'mahilA' kahalAtI hai| aura sukhada Azcarya ! 'abalA' kI vyutpatti AcArya vidyAsAgara ne aba' meM DhU~r3hI hai, arthAt "...jo/puruSa-citta kI vRtti ko/vigata kI dazAoM/aura anAgata kI AzAoM se/pUrI taraha haTAkara/ aba' yAnI, Agata - vartamAna meM lAtI hai/abalA kahalAtI hai vaha"!" (pR. 203) 'abalA' kA eka aura artha hai, jo balA ko dUra rakhe, vaha abalA hai / balA kA matalaba hai samasyA- saMkaTa / abalA kA sahayoga aura sAhacarya pratyeka qadama para puruSa ke lie Avazyaka hotA hai, usake binA sabala puruSa bhI nirbala bana jAtA hai| yadi abalA kA sAtha puruSa ko prApta na ho to puruSa jIvana kI anekAneka samasyAoM se nistAra nahIM pA sktaa| nistAra pAne kI bAta to dUra, vaha sRSTi kI samasyA se jUjhane ke lie paryApta bala nahIM dhAraNa kara sktaa| patnI kA rAvaNa dvArA haraNa ho jAne para maryAdA puruSottama zrI rAma kA hRdaya bhI eka bAra bhayabhIta ho gayA thA : "ghana ghamaMDa nabha garajata ghoraa| priyA hIna Darapata mana morA // " (rAmacaritamAnasa : kiSkindhA kANDa) mAMgalika paryoM meM kumArI kanyAoM kI pUjA kI jAtI hai / 'kumArI' kA viziSTa artha sampadA-sampannA hai| 'kuM' kA artha pRthivI hai, 'mA' kA lakSmI aura 'rI' kA dAtA / saMketa isa tathya kI ora hai ki jaba taka dharA para kumAriyA~ raheMgI, yaha dharA samasta sampadAoM se paripUrNa rhegii| s' yAnI samazIla saMyama evaM trI' yAnI dharma, artha aura kAma- arthAt jo ina tInoM puruSArthoM meM puruSa ko kuzala saMyata banAtI hai, vahI 'strI' hai / gRhastha dharma kA saphalatApUrvaka AcaraNa karane ke lie dharma, artha aura kAma jaise puruSArthoM kI puruSa ko nitAnta AvazyakatA hotI hai / ina puruSArthoM ke mArga meM puruSa ke lie pApa kI ora agrasara hone kI AzaMkA rahatI hai| usa pApa ko puNya meM badalane ke lie strI sadaiva prayatnazIla rahatI hai| puruSa kI vAsanA saMyata ho aura upAsanA saMgata
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 341 ho, arthAt kAma rUpI puruSArtha nirdoSa ho, isalie vaha garbha-dhAraNa karatI hai / artha rUpI puruSArtha ke mArga meM vaha saMgrahavRtti aura apavyayavRtti donoM se arjita artha kA samucita vitaraNa karake puruSa ko sadmArga kI ora prerita karatI hai / gRhastha dharma ke pAlana meM vaha dAna-pUjA-sevA Adi satkarmoM dvArA dharma paramparA kI rakSA karatI hai| __ zruta-sUktiyoM ke anusAra ghara meM sukha-suvidhAoM kA jo bhaNDAra lAe, vaha 'sutA' kahalAtI hai / 'su' kA artha hai suhAvanI acchAiyA~, isameM 'tA' pratyaya jor3ane para sutA banatA hai- sukha-suvidhAoM kA parama srota sutaa| jisa strI meM do hita nihita hoM, vaha 'duhitA' kahalAtI hai| vaha apanA hita to sAdha hI letI hai, patita se patita pati kA jIvana bhI hitoM dvArA sArthaka banA detI hai| AcArya vidyAsAgara ke anusAra : "ubhaya-kula maMgala-vardhinI/ubhaya-loka-sukha-sarjinI sva-para-hita sampAdikA/kahIM rahakara kisI taraha bhI hita kA dohana karatI rahatI/so duhitA kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 206) AcAryazrI ne 'mAtR' zabda kI mahattA bhI pratipAdita kI hai| pramANa kA artha hotA hai jJAna, prameya kA artha hotA hai jJeya aura pramAtR ko santajana jJAtA kahate haiM / jAnane kI zakti mAtR-tattva ke sivA kahIM anyatra upalabdha nahIM hotI, isIlie sabakI AdhAra-zilA koI puruSa nahIM hotA, sabakI jananI mAtR-tattva hI hotI hai : "mAtR-tattva kI anupalabdhi meM/jJeya-jJAyaka sambandha Thap ! aisI sthiti meM tuma hI batAo,/sukha-zAnti mukti vaha kise milegI,kyoM milegI/kisa vidha ?/isIlie isa jIvana meM mAtA kA mAna-sammAna ho,/usI kA jaya-gAna ho sadA,/dhanya!" (pR. 206) strI 'aMganA'zabda se bhI vibhUSita kI jAtI hai / aMganA kA artha hai- aMga+nA, arthAt vaha kevala aMga nahIM hai / usake aMga-pratyaMga kA zArIrika saundarya hI usakA paricaya nahIM hai, usakI zakti asIma hai, kevala use pahacAnane kI dRSTi puruSa ke pAsa honI caahie| strI ko usake aMga se pare dekhane kA prayatna kiyA jAya to bahuta kucha hAsila ho sakatA hai : "aMga ke sivA bhI kucha /mA~gane kA prayAsa karo, jo denA cAhatI hU~,/lenA cAhate ho tuma ! 'so' cirantana zAzvata hai/so niraMjana bhAsvata hai bhAra-rahita AbhA kA AbhAra mAno tuma!" (pR. 207) nArI ko atyanta sImita dRSTi se dekhane vAloM ko maithilIzaraNa gupta ne 'dvApara' meM dhikkArA hai : "hAya, vadhU ne kyA vara-viSayaka eka vAsanA pAI ? nahIM aura koI kyA usakA pitA, putra yA bhAI ? nara ke bA~Te kyA nArI kI nagna mUrti hI AI ? mA~, beTI yA bahina hAya kyA saMga nahIM vaha lAI ?" santa tulasIdAsa taka ne nArI ke sAtha nyAya nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne use atyanta nimna koTi kA darjA pradAna kiyA :
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________________ 342 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "Dhola ga~vAra zUdra pazu nArI ye saba tAr3ana ke adhikArI / " santa kabIra jaise samAja-sudhAraka santa ne bhI nArI ko vaha sammAna nahIM diyA, jisakI vaha adhikAriNI hai : "nArI to hamahU~ karI, taba nA kiyA vicAra / " DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana ne satya hI kahA hai : "bauddha dharma aura jaina dharma ke pracAra ke uparAnta jaba nivRtti mArga kA pracAra prArambha huA, taba striyoM ko samAja meM anAvazyaka prANI ke rUpa meM ghoSita kara diyA gyaa| saMyAsiyoM ko striyoM se dUra karane ke lie unheM burAI kA ghara batAyA gayA evaM duniyAdArI kA mUla batAkara unheM ghRNA kA pAtra kahA gayA / " ( dharma aura samAja, pR. 167) dinakarajI ko yaha zikAyata thI ki itihAsa ne nArI ke prati nyAya nahIM kiyA : "nArI triyA nahIM, vaha kevala kSamA, zAnti, karuNA hai / isIlie itihAsa pahu~catA jabhI nikaTa nArI ke, ho rahatA vaha acala yA ki phira kavitA bana jAtA hai / " itihAsa ne nArI ke prati nyAya nahIM kiyA, vaha nArI gAthA ke aneka prasaMgoM para mauna rahA, parantu kaviyoM ne nArI apane kAvya meM ucita sthAna dene kA prayatna kiyA / kavi-manISI AcArya vidyAsAgara ne nArI kI garimA, yogyatA, I zakti aura sAmarthya para gaharAI se manana- cintana kiyA aura 'mUkamATI' meM use vANI pradAna kI hai| nArI ke aneka rUpoM kA unhoMne apane mahAkAvya meM pratipAdana kiyA hai aura sabase bar3hakara usake mAtR rUpa kA jaya gAna kiyA hai| nArI kA aisA mukhara jaya-gAna anyatra durlabha hai / pRSTha 333-334 parAga-pyAsA bhramara-dala vaha bhrAmrI-vRtti kahI jAtI santoM kI ! O
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : dArzanika avadhAraNA DaoN. zamIra siMha "AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kI kRti 'mUkamATI' mAtra kavi-karma nahIM hai, yaha eka dArzanika santa kI AtmA kA saMgIta hai" (prastavana) / unakI yaha racanA loka-maMgala kI sAdhanA kA niyojana bana kara mAnavIya jIvana-yApana sambandhI darzana ko vyAvahArika rUpa meM prastuta karatI hai / yaha kavi-jIvana se jur3I huI vividha kriyAkalApoM se ati prabhAvita hai aura isIlie vaha apanI nijI anubhUtiyoM ko jIvanadarzana ke mAdhyama se pAThakoM ke sammukha anAvRta kara detA hai| usane mATI jaisI tuccha, akiMcit, pada-dalita vastu ko lekara nitAnta bhavya tathA vizuddha sRjanazIlatA ke darzana karAe haiN| nirIha mATI kI mukti evaM mokSa pramukhyata: puruSa kI prakRti para AdhArita hai| isa kavi kA yaha mantavya hai ki puruSa jisa sImA taka prakRti ke sAmIpya va saMsparza ko grahaNa karatA hai, usI sImA taka use jIvana kI sArthakatA kA bodha hogaa| 'mUkamATI' meM puruSa ke prakRti meM ramane ko 'mokSa' tathA prakRti se dUra rahane ko 'bhramanA' batAyA gayA hai: "puruSa prakRti se/yadi dUra hogA/nizcita hI vaha/vikRti kA pUra hogA puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI/mokSa hai, sAra hai| aura anyatra ramanA hI/bhramanA hai/moha hai, saMsAra hai"|" (pR. 93) bhAgyavAn bhAgyavidhAtA kartavyaprabuddha kumbhakAra apane bhavya-sRjana-hetu mATI ko kudAlI se khoda kara borI meM banda kara letA hai| zilpI kI isa nirdaya kriyA para mATI krodha athavA rudana taka vyakta nahIM karatI aura mUka bhAva se lajjAzIla banI huI navavivAhitA dulhana kI bhA~ti borI meM se jhA~katI rahatI hai| usake sAttvika gAloM para ghAvoM ke chidra dikhAI dene lagate haiN| vaha mAtra dIrgha zvAsa lekara apane avyakta bhAvoM ko vANI detI hai| nirIha mATI kI isa mUka vedanA kA AbhAsa karake saMvedanazIla zilpI mATI ke itihAsa ko usake mukha se sunakara sahaja rUpa se jIvana sambandhI vAstavikatA evaM rahasya ko pA letA hai aura dhanya ho jAtA hai| isa rahasyodghATana ke uparAnta jIvana-darzana sambandhI jisa akATya niyama kI vyAkhyA huI hai, vaha isa kavi kI dArzanika pravRtti kI dyotaka hai : "ati ke binA/iti se sAkSAtkAra sambhava nahIM/aura iti ke binA/atha kA darzana asambhava !" (pR. 33) yaha kavi to jIvana kI pIr3A ko mAnava maMgala kA niyojaka svIkAra karane lagatA hai : "artha yaha huA ki/pIr3A kI ati hI/pIr3A kI iti hai aura/pIr3A kI iti hI/sukha kA artha hai / " (pR. 33) darzana prabuddha yaha kavi agni ke dharma kI carcA karatA huA ise nirvikAra, nidhUma, anAdi, vikAsonmukha, anidhana va sahAzrita batAtA hai| isIlie to sambhavata: yaha janma lekara apane meM hI samA jAtI hai / saMsAra meM jo prANI agni ko AtmasAt kara letA hai use jIvana meM yathecchita phala prApti hotI hai| isa kavi kI jIvana sambandhI vividha anubhUtiyoM ke prati dArzanika dRSTi ina zabdoM meM citrita huI hai :
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________________ 344 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "prati vastu jina bhAvoM ko janma detI hai/unhIM bhAvoM se miTatI bhI vaha, vahIM samAhita hotI hai|" (pR. 282 ) isa racanA meM kavi vidyAsAgara mAnava ke sAdhanA ke kSaNoM meM dhyAna kendrita hone ko do dharAtaloM para vANI detA hai| eka bhoga-rAga va madya-pAna bhakSI hai, jo vikalpoM ke moha jAla meM ulajha kara zava rUpa ho jAtA hai, parantu dUsarA yogatyAga ke mAdhyama se ziva rUpa hokara jIvana-yApana meM kharA utaratA hai : "isa yuga ke/do mAnava/apane Apa ko/khonA cAhate haiMeka/bhoga-rAga ko/madya-pAna ko/cunatA hai;/aura eka yoga-tyAga ko/Atma-dhyAna ko/dhunatA hai |/kuch hI kSaNoM meM donoM hote/vikalpoM se mukta |/phir kyA kahanA !/eka zava ke samAna nirA par3A hai,/aura eka/ziva ke samAna/kharA utarA hai|" (pR. 286 ) kumbha kI agni-parIkSA hotI hai / vaha jIvana paddhati meM darzana kI abAdhatA tathA adhyAtma kI agAdhatA kA rahasya agni se nivedita karatA hai| usakI jijJAsA- "kyA darzana aura adhyAtma/eka jIvana ke do pada haiM ?" (pR.287)-se abhibhUta hokara pUjya-pUjaka evaM kArya-kAraNa kI manobhUmi para na TikI rahakara mukti kI maMgala kAmanA ke nimitta nivedita ho uThatI hai| darzana aura adhyAtma kI mImAMsA se hI agni kI dezanA kA zrIgaNeza hotA hai aura mATI mUkabhAva se kavi darzana kI mana:sthiti meM lIna ho jAtI hai / dArzanika kavi ne darzana aura adhyAtma kI jo vyAkhyA kI hai, vaha niHsandeha usake dArzanika mana kI paratoM ko anAvRta karatI hai / usa ke anusAra svastha jJAna hI adhyAtma hai, antarmukhI athavA bandamukhI cidAbhA niraMjana kA digdarzana karAtI hai / darzana kA mUlasrota mastaka batAyA gayA hai, jabaki svastika se aMkita hRdaya se adhyAtma pravRtta hotA hai / darzana kabhI satya rUpa va kabhI asatya rUpa tathA zuddhatattva vihIna hotA hai, jabaki adhyAtma sadA, sarvathA satya rUpa va bhAsvata banA rahatA hai / darzana kA Ayudha zabda evaM vicAra batAyA gayA hai, jabaki adhyAtma nirAyudha va nirvicAra kahA gayA hai / astu, darzana va adhyAtma sambandhI yaha mImAMsA isa kavi ke dvArA anekAneka saMkalpoM-vikalpoM meM vyasta jIvana darzana kI jhA~kI prastuta karatI hai : "darzana kA srota mastaka hai,/svastika se aMkita hRdaya se adhyAtma kA jharanA jharatA hai|/drshn ke binA adhyAtma-jIvana cala sakatA hai,/calatA hI hai/para, hA~ !/binA adhyAtma, darzana kA darzana nhiiN| ...darzana ke Asa-pAsa hI ghUmatI hai/tathatA aura vitathatA/yAnI, kabhI satya-rUpa va kabhI asatya-rUpa/hotA hai darzana, jabaki adhyAtma sadA satya cidrUpa hI/bhAsvata hotA hai| svastha jJAna hI adhyAtma hai |/...bhirmukhii yA bahumukhI pratibhA hI darzana kA pAna karatI hai,/antarmukhI, bandamukhI cidAbhA niraMjana kA gAna karatI hai |/drshn kA Ayudha zabda hai-vicAra, adhyAtma nirAyudha hotA hai |/srvthaa stabdha-nirvicAra ! eka jJAna hai, jJeya bhI/eka dhyAna hai, dhyeya bhii|" (pR. 288-289)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 345 kavi vidyAsAgara ke dvArA vyakta adhyAtma aura darzana sambandhI vyAkhyA ati gahana tathA rahasya bharapUra hai / vaha darzana tathA adhyAtma ko mAnavIya jIvana ke AdhAra samajhane meM sandeha prakaTa karatA hai aura sadAzaya, sadAcAra va santoSa jaise mAnava-mUlyoM ko mAnava-jIvana ke anivArya tattva svIkAra karatA hai| spaSTa hai yaha kavi eka dharmopadezaka kI bhA~ti mUlyoM ko jIvana-yApana meM dhAraNa karane kI salAha bhI detA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM santoSa kI grahaNazIlatA sambandhI vyAkhyA "binA santoSa, jIvana sadoSa hai/yahI kAraNa hai, ki prazaMsA-yaza kI tRSNA se jhulasA/yaha sadoSa jIvana sahaja jaya-ghoSoM kI, sukhada guNoM kI saghana-zItala chA~va se vaMcita rahatA hai|" (pR. 339) jaina dharma meM samyak darzana, samyak jJAna tathA samyak cAritra ko 'triratna' kahA gayA hai| inheM jaina darzana ke mUlAdhAra bhI batAyA gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM mokSa kA mArga jaina dharma meM pUrNa AsthA, jaina dharma ke upadezoM kA pUrNa jJAna tathA AcaraNa sammata jIvana-yApana se prazasta hotA hai| 'mUkamATI' kA kavi satya-asatya ke nirUpaNa meM apane dArzanika bhAvoM ko vANI detA hai / sat kI khoja meM lona dRSTi sat-yuga aura asat-viSaya-vikAroM meM DUbI huI, sat ko asat svIkAra karane vAlI bhramita dRSTi kaliyuga kI AkhyAyikA banatI hai / sat zAnti kA mAnasa aura asat bhrAntimaya banA rahatA hai / asat vyaSTiparaka aura sat samaSTiparaka hotA hai / sat amRta samAna hokara ziva rUpa kI sRSTi karatA hai, jabaki asat mRtaka va kAntivihIna hokara zava rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai / isa kavi kI sat-asat sambandhI vyAkhyA prastuta hai : "sat kI khoja meM lagI dRSTi hI/sat-yuga hai, beTA !/aura asat-viSayoM meM DUbI/A-pAda-kaNTha/sat ko asat mAnane vAlI dRSTi svayaM kaliyuga hai, beTA !/...sat kI A~khoM meM/zAnti kA mAnasa hI laharAtA hai sadA/eka kI dRSTi/vyaSTi kI ora/bhAga rahI hai, eka kI dRSTi/samaSTi kI ora/jAga rahI hai, ...eka kA jIvana/mRtaka-sA lagatA hai/kAntimukta zava hai, eka kA jIvana/amRta-sA lagatA hai/kAntiyukta ziva hai|" (pR. 83-84 ) isIlie, yaha kavi-"satya-dharma kI jaya ho !/satya-dharma kI jaya ho !!"(pR. 216) kA jayaghoSa AlApa uThatA hai / __ AcaraNa kI zuddhatA mAnava-jIvana kA anivArya tattva hai / zuddha sAttvika jIvana-yApana kA pakSadhara banatA huA yaha kavi saMkara-doSa se mukta hone ke lie varNa-lAbha ko mAnava-jIvana kA audArya va sAphalya svIkAra karatA huA 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' ke siddhAnta kI vyAkhyA bhI karatA hai : "nIra kA kSIra bananA hI/varNa-lAbha hai,/varadAna hai| aura/kSIra kA phaTa jAnA hI/varNa-saMkara hai/abhizApa hai isase yahI phalita huA,/alaM vistareNa !" (pR. 49)
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________________ 346 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sambhavataH isIlie 'mUkamATI' meM jijJAsuoM ko nara se nArAyaNa banane kA bhavya sandeza diyA gayA hai : "RSi - santoM kA/sadupadeza - sadAdeza/hameM yahI milA ki pApI se nahIM/pApa se/paMkaja se nahIM,/paMka se/ghRNA kro| ayi Arya !/nara se/nArAyaNa bano/samayocita kara kArya / " (pR. 50-51) vAstava meM jaina dharmAvalambI yaha kavi mAnava-jIvana ko zubha saMskAroM se sampuSTa banAkara vItarAga zramaNasaMskRti ke nirUpaNa ke lie dRr3hasaMkalpita hai| astu, AcArya vidyAsAgara jIvana meM zubha tattva ke pratiSThApana ke lie"laghutA kA tyajana hI/gurutA kA yajana hI"-ke mUlabhUta siddhAnta kI pakSadharatA karane lagatA hai| ___ jIvana meM satyagAmI bane rahanA, krodhAdi niSedha, Atma-niyantraNa, mana aura vacana se sAttvikatA ke prati anurakta bane rahanA Adi mAnava-jIvana ke anivArya tattva mAne gae haiN| vahA~ ahiMsA ko mAnava dharma kA pramukha aMga svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| manusmRti' meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai : "ahiMsA satyamakrodha AnRzaMsyaM damastathA / Arjavazcaiva rAjendra ! nizcitaM dharmalakSaNam // " parantu jainadharma meM ahiMsA ko upAsya devatA ke rUpa meM mAnyatA prApta hai aura jahA~ jIva-ajIvoM ke prati jo prema tathA dayAbhAva darzAyA gayA hai, vaha bauddha Adi anya dharmoM se kahIM adhika hai| 'ahiMsA paramo dharma:'-jaina dharma kA mUlabhUta dArzanika siddhAnta hai| 'mUkamATI' ke racayitA ne bhI ahiMsA kI vizada vyAkhyA kI hai| isa kavi ne rassI aura rasanA ke saMvAda meM zilpI ke saMyamI svabhAva ko udghATita karake hiMsA ke prati nindA-pradarzana va ahiMsA kI pakSadharatA ko jIvana yApana meM pramANita kiyA hai : "mere svAmI saMyamI haiM/hiMsA se bhayabhIta,/aura ahiMsA hI jIvana hai unakA |/unkaa kahanA hai/ki saMyama ke binA AdamI nahIM/yAnI/AdamI vahI hai jo yathA-yogya/sahI AdamI hai / " (pR. 64) yahI nahIM, isa kavi ne svIkAra kiyA hai ki jIvana se jur3I huI vividha kriyAoM meM gatirodha (granthi) hiMsA kI sampAdikA banatI hai| isIlie isa racanA meM nirgrantha jIvana-yApana para bala diyA gayA hai, kyoMki aise jIvana yApana kI saMsAra meM carcA-arcA-prazaMsA banI rahatI hai : "hamArI upAsya-devatA/ahiMsA hai/aura/jahA~ gA~Tha-granthi hai vahA~ nizcita hI/hiMsA chalatI hai|/arth yaha huA ki granthi hiMsA kI sampAdikA hai/aura/nirgrantha-dazA meM hI ahiMsA palatI hai,/pala-pala panapatI,/ "bala pAtI hai| hama nirgrantha-panya ke pathika haiM/isI pantha kI hamAre yahA~ carcA-arcA-prazaMsA/sadA calatI rahatI hai|" (pR. 64) yaha kavi ahiMsA ke prati itanA anurakta hai ki ahiMsA kI pUjA karane kA AhvAna karane lagatA hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 347 "hiMsA kI hiMsA karanA hI / ahiMsA kI pUjA hai "prazaMsA, /aura hiMsaka kI hiMsA yA pUjA / niyama se / ahiMsA kI hatyA hai" nRzaMsA / " (pR.233) 'mUkamATI' meM anyatra jJAnendriyoM ko khir3akiyA~, zarIra ko bhavana kahA hai, jisameM baiThakara prANI ina jJAnendriyoM rUpI khir3akiyoM se apane vAsanA rUpI netroM ke dvArA jhA~ka kara viSaya vikAroM kA bodha karatA hai / isa kavi ke dvArA apanAyA gayA rUpaka dArzanika prakriyA kI sAkSI bharatA hai : "viSayoM kA grahaNa - bodha / indriyoM ke mAdhyama se hI hotA hai viSayI-viSaya-rasikoM ko / / vastu-sthiti yaha hai ki indriyA~ ye khir3akiyA~ haiM / tana yaha bhavana rahA hai, / bhavana meM baiThA-baiThA bhinna-bhinna khir3akiyoM se jhA~katA hai / vAsanA kI A~khoM se aura / viSayoM ko grahaNa karatA rahatA hai|" (pR. 329) puruSa aura jaba mAnava-zarIra para se mana aura vacana kA bandhana TUTa jAtA hai to vaha mokSAvasthA meM zuddha dazA ko prApta ho jAtA hai / use alaukika Ananda kI prApti hotI hai, jisakI prApti ke pazcAt vaha sAMsArika AvAgamana se mukta ho jAtA hai| isa kavi kA dArzanika zabda citra prastuta hai : "bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA / AmUla miTa jAnA hI mokSa hai / / isI kI zuddha - dazA meM / avinazvara sukha hotA hai jise / prApta hone ke bAda, / yahA~ / saMsAra meM AnA kaise sambhava hai tuma hI batAo !" (pR. 486-487) vAstava meM mokSa-prApti ko mAnava-jIvana kA antima dhyeya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jise jaina dharma meM 'nirvANa prApti' kahA gayA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke dvitIya khaNDa meM " vasanta kA anta ho cukA hai / ananta meM sAnta kho cukA hai" (pR. 177)-zabda isa kavi ke dvArA janma-maraNa ke cakra kI dArzanika vyAkhyA prastuta karate haiN| ise isa kavi ne prakRti kA akATya niyama batAyA hai: : " jisane maraNa ko pAyA hai / use janana ko pAnA hai / aura jisane janana ko pAyA hai / use maraNa ko pAnA hai yaha akATya niyama hai !" (pR. 181) jainadharmAvalambI yaha kavi isa siddhAnta kI vyAkhyA dugdha va ghRta ke udAharaNa se apane dArzanika pravacana ke dvArA prastuta karatA hai : " dugdha kA vikAsa hotA hai / phira anta meM / ghRta kA vilAsa hotA hai, kintu / ghRta kA dugdha ke rUpa meM / lauTa AnA sambhava hai kyA ? tuma hI batAo !" (pR. 487 ) AcArya vidyAsAgara ne isa dRzyamAn jagat ko puruSa aura prakRti kA krIr3A sthala kahakara puruSa ko eka kuzala
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________________ 348 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA khilAr3I tathA prakRti ko usake hAthoM kA khilaunA mAtra batAyA hai, kyoMki eka kuzala khilAr3I ko prakRti kA khilaunA nahIM samajhanA cAhie: "puruSa aura prakRti/ina donoM ke khela kA nAma hI saMsAra hai, yaha kahanA/mUr3hatA hai, moha kI mahimA mAtra ! khela khelane vAlA to puruSa hai/aura/prakRti khilaunA mAtra ! svayaM ko khilaunA banAnA/koI khela nahIM hai, vizeSa khilAr3I kI bAta hai yaha !" (pR.394) ___ isa kavi kI prakRti tathA puruSa ke sambandha kI vyAkhyA puruSa ko dharatI para mahimAmaNDita sRjanazIlatA kI dyotikA siddha karatA hai| anyatra isa racanA meM puruSa va prakRti ke sambandha ko sAdhanA kI rIti ke zAzvata satya ke dvArA bhI darzAyA gayA hai, jo isa kavi ke dArzanika cintana kA paricAyaka hai : "prakRti ke viparIta calanA/sAdhanA kI rIta nahIM hai| binA prIti, virati kA palanA/sAdhanA kI jIta nahIM, ...puruSa hotA hai bhoktA/aura/bhogyA hotI prakRti / " (pR. 391) isa dArzanika kavi ne anyAnya pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA evaM tulanA se bhI apanI dArzanika mana:sthiti kA paricaya diyA hai| 'svabhAva' aura 'vibhAva' zabdoM ke antara ko spaSTa karatA huA yaha kavi kahatA hai : "jala jIvana detA hai/hima jIvana letA hai,/svabhAva aura vibhAva meM yahI antara hai,/yahI santoM kA kahanA hai/jo/jaga-jIvana-vettA haiN|" (pR.54) mAnava jIvana meM saMyama kI rAha para cala kara rAhI bane rahanA hIrA' bananA hai aura prANI apane tana aura mana ko tapasyA kI agni ke sAtha tapA-tapA kara rAkha banA letA hai, to usakI cetanA 'kharA' rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai : "saMyama kI rAha calo/rAhI bananA hI to/hIrA bananA hai, svayaM rAhI zabda hI/viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai-/rAhI hIrA ...tana aura mana ko/tapa kI Aga meM/tapA-tapA kara jalA-jalA kara/rAkha karanA hogA/yatanA ghora karanA hogA tabhI kahIM cetana-AtmA/kharA utaregA |/khraa zabda bhI svayaM viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai-/rAkha bane binA/kharA-darzana kahA~ ? rAkha khraa|" (pR. 57) puna: isa kavi ne 'mUkamATI' ke anyAnya prasaMgoM meM 'sva' aura 'para' kI carcA karake apanI dArzanika sUjha kA bodha karAyA hai| kumbha va sphaTika jhArI ke vArtAlApa meM isa kavi ne zuddha jJAna tathA isake dvArA phala-prApti ke mahattva ko bhI pratipAdita kiyA hai| 'kalA' zabda ko lekara kavi vidyAsAgara ne sukha-zAnti-sampannatA kI jo carcA kI hai, vaha ni:sandeha isa kavi kI dArzanika antarAtmA kI paricAyaka hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 349 "kalA zabda svayaM kaha rahA ki/'ka' yAnI AtmA-sukha hai 'lA' yAnI lAnA-detA hai/koI bhI kalA ho/kalA mAtra se jIvana meM sukha-zAnti-sampannatA AtI hai|/n artha meM sukha hai/na artha se sukha hai !" (pR. 396) anyatra isa racanA meM kumbha ke mukha maNDala para aMkita kachuve aura kharagoza ke citra sAdhaka ko yadi sAdhanA kI vidhi batA kara-"pramAda pathika kA parama zatru hai" (pR. 172)-kI ora saMketa karate haiM, to 'hI' aura 'bhI' do bIjAkSaroM se racanAkAra ne jisa darzana kA pratinidhitva kiyA hai, vaha 'hI' se ekAntavAda tathA 'bhI' se anekAnta va syAdvAda hai| 'mUkamATI' meM anyAnya uktiyoM kI bhI isa kavi ne dArzanika vyAkhyA kI hai| yaha kavi janma-maraNa arthAt saMsAra meM prANI ke Ane-jAne ko-'utpAda-vyaya-dhauvyayuktaM sat' (pR. 184) ukti kI vyAkhyA ke dvArA prastuta karatA hai / "AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai/AnA yAnI janana-utpAda hai jAnA yAnI maraNa-vyaya hai/lagA huA yAnI sthira-dhauvya hai aura/hai yAnI cira-sat/yahI satya hai yahI tathya !" (pR. 185) jainadharma meM kisI jagat-niyantA ke astitva meM vizvAsa nahIM rakhA gyaa| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne bhI kAlacakra ko zAzvata mAnakara mAtra ise hI parama sattA kA rahasya kahA hai aura prANImAtra sadA kAla ke pravAha meM bahatA rahatA hai aura ise hI prANI kA karma batAyA gayA hai : "yaha eka nadI kA pravAha rahA hai-/kAla kA pravAha, basa/baha rahA hai|/lo, bahatA-bahatA/kaha rahA hai, ki/jIva yA ajIva kA yaha jIvana/pala-pala isI pravAha meM/baha rahA/bahatA jA rahA hai,/yahA~ para koI bhI/sthira-dhuva-cira/na rahA, na rahegA, na thA/bahAva bahanA hI dhuva/raha rahA hai,/sattA kA yahI, basa/rahasa rahA, jo viha~sa rahA hai|" (pR. 290) 'mUkamATI' ke caturtha khaNDa meM eka dharmopadezaka santa ke dvArA ajJAnI seTha ko 'santa samAgama' kA sandeza bhI dilavAyA hai / ajJAnI seTha dharmopadeza kA sAra grahaNa karake anamane bhAva se ghara lauTa jAtA hai| mAnoM use jIvana kA sahI gantavya dRzyamAn ho gayA ho / seTha kI udAsa mukha-mudrA ko dekha kara gauravazAlI kumbha kahatA hai : "santa-samAgama kI yahI to sArthakatA hai/saMsAra kA anta dikhane lagatA hai,/samAgama karanevAlA bhale hI/turanta santa-saMyata/bane yA na bane/isameM koI niyama nahIM hai, kintu vaha/santoSI avazya banatA hai|/shii dizA kA prasAda hI/sahI dazA kA prAsAda hai" (pR.352) / isa racanA meM zramaNa saMskRti ke prati jisa vizvAsa ko darzAyA gayA hai, vaha bhI isa kavi kI dArzanika cetanA kI AkhyAyikA hai / isa kavi kA mata hai ki prANImAtra ke akSaya sukha-sambandha usake AcaraNa kI zuddhatA ke kAraNa bane rahate haiN| isIlie yaha kavi jIvana ke prati vizvasta bane rahane kI anumati detA hai| usakA kathana hai ki prANI ko jaba jIvana kI sahI maMz2ila mila jAtI hai to usake vizvAsoM ko anubhUti kI saMjJA upalabdha ho jAtI hai / AcaraNa kI zuddhatA se ghanIbhUta aura sajaga anubhUtizIla prANI sarvahita kI maMgala kAmanA kI puNya bhAvanA se sarAbora ho jAtA hai / aura jIvana meM sukha-samRddhi kI kAmanA karane lagatA hai : "yahA~ saba kA sadA/jIvana bane maMgalamaya/chA jAve sukha-chA~va, sabake saba TaleM-/amaMgala-bhAva,/saba kI jIvana latA
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________________ 350 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA harita-bharita viha~sita ho/guNa ke phUla vilasita hoM nAzA kI AzA miTe/AmUla mahaka uThe/"basa !" (pR. 478) vyutpatti ke anusAra 'jJAna ke prati anurAga'-darzana hai / darzana kI isa paribhASA meM 'jJAna' zabda se tAtparya mAtra tathyoM kA bodha hI nahIM hotA, varan vizva tathA mAnava-jIvana sambandhI gahanatama praznoM kI jAnakArI bhI hai| anurAga zabda kevala bauddhika chAna-bIna taka sImita nahIM hai, usakA bhAvAtmaka pakSa bhI mahattvapUrNa hai, jo darzana kI nIrasatA ko sAhitya kI vyAvahArikatA tathA sarvahita kI maMgalamaya puNyabhAvanA se jor3atA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke kavi ne isa racanA meM jJAna tathA anurAga meM jo bhAvAtmaka samanvaya sthApita kiyA hai, vaha isa racanA kI vizeSa upalabdhi hai| sAtha hI isa kavi ne darzana sambandhI tattva, jJAna va tarkazAstrIya pakSoM kI naitika tathA kalAtmaka jIvana sthitiyoM ke mAdhyama se jo vyAkhyA kI hai, vaha jIvana se jur3e hue kaI dArzanika praznoM kA samAdhAna prastuta karatI hai| vastuta: jIvana-darzana kalAkAra kI jIvana kI AlocanA hotI hai aura isa dArzanika kavi ne kumbha kI sRjanazIlatA ke dvArA mAnavIya jIvana sambandhI jina laghutama tathA udAtta jIvana sthitiyoM kI vyAkhyA kI hai, vaha use eka kavi ke sAtha-sAtha dArzanika vyAkhyAkAra kI saMjJA se abhihita kara sakatA hai| niHsandeha isa kavi ke pAsa kavitA ke sAtha-sAtha nizcita kAvya vidhi hai, jise apanAkara vaha jIvana-darzana kI vyAkhyA prastuta karatA hai| isIlie hamArA mata hai ki AcArya vidyAsAgara dArzanika vyAkhyAkAra adhika haiM aura kavi kama / pRSTha 148. suta ko prasUta kara. A~khoM meM rotI huI kamagA, ..... prati mA~kI
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : AdhyAtmika cintana kA apUrva bhaNDAra DaoN. kastUracandra jaina 'sumana' AcArya vidyAsAgara praNIta 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya AdhyAtmika cintana kA abhUtapUrva bhaNDAra hai / mATI jaisI tuccha vastu ko mahAkAvya kI viSayavastu banAkara aura use maMgala ghaTa ke rUpa meM darzAkara AtmA kI vizuddha sthiti ko udghATita karane meM pradarzita AcAryazrI kI sUjha-bUjha stutya hai / dArzanika evaM dhArmika pakSa dArzanika evaM dhArmika viSayoM kI vivecanA meM AcAryazrI ne pUrvAcArya-vicAradhArA kA anugamana kiyA hai| saMsArI prANI kI svAbhAvika sthiti kA citraNa karate hue unhoMne use azAnta batAkara usakI zAnti-khoja kA gaharAI se adhyayana kiyA aura unhoMne pAyA ki zAnti kI khoja jar3a (zarIra) meM kI jA rahI hai jabaki zAnti usameM nahIM hai : "jar3a meM zItalatA kahA~...?" (pR. 85) / zAnti ke prasaMga meM AcAryazrI kA cintana hai ki jar3a kI cintA chor3anI hogii| jar3a (zarIra) zava hai| ziva ke lie jar3a kA-zava kA upayoga Avazyaka hai, kintu rAga nhiiN| unhoMne isa tathya ko isa prakAra likhA hai: "zava meM Aga lagAnA hogA,/aura/ziva meM rAga jagAnA hogaa|" (pR. 84) zAnti ke lie apekSita hai sAdhanA aura sAdhanA ke kie apekSita hai AsthA-tattva zraddhA / isa sandarbha meM dhyAtavya haiM kavi ke nimna vicAra: ___"AsthA ke tAroM para hI/sAdhanA kI aMguliyA~/calatI haiM sAdhaka kii|" (pR. 9) AsthA bodhagamya hotI hai| kavi ne nadI aura sAgara ke dRSTAnta dvArA AsthA sambandhI apane vicAra nimna prakAra abhivyakta kie haiM : "jo khisakatI-sarakatI hai/saritA kahalAtI hai/so asthAI hotI hai / aura/sAgara nahIM sarakatA/so sthAI hotA hai/parantu, saritA sarakatI sAgara kI ora hI nA!/anyathA,/na saritA rahe, na sAgara ! yaha sarakana hI saritA kI samiti hai,/yaha nirakhana hI saritA kI pramiti hai, basa yahI to AsthA kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 119-120) AsthA na dRzya hotI hai na spRzya / vaha gUMge kI zarkarA hai| par3hiegA kavi ke vicAra isa sandarbha meM : "AsthA kA darzana AsthA se hI sambhava hai/na A~khoM se, na AzA se|" (pR. 121) kavi ne AsthA ke lie pratikAra aura aticAra ko heya batAyA hai| dhyAtavya hai mAtA kA miTTI ko upadeza : "pratikAra kI pAraNA/chor3anI hogI, beTA !/aticAra kI dhAraNA tor3anI hogI, beTA !/anyathA,/kAlAntara meM nizcita/ye donoM
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________________ 352 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA AsthA kI ArAdhanA meM/virAdhanA hI siddha hogI!" (pR. 12) prastuta mahAkAvya meM vyavahRta AsthA aura jJAna yA bodhi zabda AdhyAtmika kSetra meM samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna ke nAma se varNita haiN| inameM AcAryazrI dvArA praNIta AsthA sambandhI vicAradhArA kA ullekha pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| jJAna nimna prakAra paribhASita hai : " 'sva' ko sva ke rUpa meM/'para' ko para ke rUpa meM/jAnanA hI sahI jJAna hai, aura/'sva' meM ramaNa karanA/sahI jJAna kA 'phl'|" (pR. 375) samyak cAritra kA mahattva pratipAdita karate hue kavi ne likhA hai ki AsthA parvata kA mUla hai aura cAritra hai cUla phala pAne ke lie cUla para pahu~canA hI par3atA hai aura vahA~ pahu~canA jaise caraNoM kA prayoga kie binA sambhava nahIM hai, aise hI samyak cAritra ke binA phala-prApti nahIM / ina vicAroM ko par3hie kavi ke zabdoM meM : "parvata kI talahaTI se bhI/hama dekhate haiM ki/uttuMga zikhara kA darzana hotA hai,/parantu/caraNoM kA prayoga kiye binA zikhara kA sparzana/sambhava nahIM hai !" (pR. 10) samyak darzana aura samyak cAritra donoM kI upayogitA darzAne ke lie kavi ne vRkSa kA anupama udAharaNa diyA hai / jaise, mUla ke binA vRkSa sthira nahIM rahatA isalie mUla cAhie hI, kintu yaha bhI saca hai ki mUla meM phala nahIM lgte| ve to vRkSoM ke cUla meM phalate haiN| unheM pAne ke lie cUla taka pahu~canA hotA hai / yaha cUla taka pahu~cane kI kriyA hI hai-samyak AcaraNa / isakA tAtparya hai ki phala-prApti ke lie sAdhaka ko donoM Avazyaka haiN| kavi kI yaha vicAradhArA nimna zabdoM meM vyakta huI hai : "yaha bAta sahI hai ki,/AsthA ke binA rAstA nahIM/mUla ke binA cUla nahIM, parantu/mUla meM kabhI/phUla khile haiM ?/phaloM kA dala vaha dolAyita hotA hai/cUla para hI Akhira !" (pR. 10) sAdhanA ke kSetra meM kavi kI anubhUti meM gaharAI hai| kavi ke vicAra haiM : "nirantara abhyAsa ke bAda bhI/skhalana sambhava hai|" (pR. 11) AcAryoM ne samyak jJAna ko AsthA aura AcaraNa ke madhya sambhavata: isIlie sthAna diyA hai, tAki vaha donoM ko sa~bhAle rahe / saca hai samyak jJAna hI eka hai jo donoM kI sthiti banAe rakha sakatA hai / sAdhanA kI prAthamika dazA meM bahuta dhairya aura bala caahie| isa sandarbha meM dhyAtavya haiM kavi kI nimna paMktiyA~ : "bhale hI vaha/AsthA ho sthAyI/ho dRDhA, dRr3hatarA bhI/tathApi prAthamika dazA meM/sAdhanA ke kSetra meM/skhalana kI sambhAvanA pUrI banI rahatI hai, beTA !/svastha-prauDha puruSa bhI kyoM na ho kAI lage pASANa para/pada phisalatA hI hai !" (pR. 11) jaba sAdhanA kAla meM pratikUlatAe~ janmatI haiM taba sAdhaka ke gumarAha ho jAne kI aura g2ama kI Ahe nikalane kI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 353 sambhAvanAe~ bar3ha jAtI haiN| aisI sthiti meM samyak jJAna sthira nahIM raha paataa| kavi ke vicAra isa sandarbha meM draSTavya haiM nimna paMktiyoM meM : "bodhi kI cir3iyA vaha/pura kyoM na kara jAyegI ? krodha kI bur3hiyA vaha/gurra kyoM na kara jAgegI?" (pR. 12) sAdhanA se skhalita vyakti kA jIvana viphala ho jAtA hai| usake jIvana meM sArthakatAoM kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| aise vyakti ke sandarbha meM kavi ne nimna do paMktiyoM meM hI sAra rUpa meM saba kucha kaha diyA hai / paMktiyA~ haiM : "sAdhanA-skhalita jIvana meM/anartha ke sivA aura kyA ghaTegA ?" (pR. 12) mokSa : AcAryazrI ne jise AsthA, bodhi aura AcaraNa kahA hai, adhyAtma ke kSetra meM unake apara nAma haiMsamyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra / ina tInoM ke samanvita rUpa kA phala hai mokSa / kavi ne mokSa kI nimna vyAkhyA kI hai : "puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI/mokSa hai, sAra hai |/aur anyatra ramanA hI/bhramanA hai/moha hai, saMsAra hai|" (pR. 93) ___ ina paMktiyoM meM sva svabhAva meM ramaNa karane ko mokSa saMjJA dI gaI hai| yaha bhI samajhA diyA gayA hai ki moha vibhAva hai| jo usameM par3egA vaha saMsAra meM hI bhaTakegA / svabhAva aura vibhAva kyA haiM ? unakA phala kyA hai ?-kavi ne ise nimna paMktiyoM meM samajhAyA hai : "apane ko chor3akara/para-padArtha se prabhAvita honA hI moha kA pariNAma hai/aura/sabako chor3akara apane Apa meM bhAvita honA hI/mokSa kA dhAma hai|" (pR. 109-110) kavi ne mokSa ke sandarbha meM jJAnAvaraNAdi aSTa karmoM ko hI bAdhaka nahIM mAnA hai apitu unhoMne tana, mana aura vacana ko miTA denA hI mokSa kahA hai| ThIka hai-'na rahegA bA~sa, na bajegI baaNsurii|' jaba ye tInoM hI nahIM hoMge to aSTa karmoM ke bandhana kA prazna hI utpanna nahIM hogaa| ___kavi ne dUdha kA saTIka udAharaNa dekara yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki jaise dUdha ke ghI bana cukane para vaha puna: dUdha nahIM bana pAtA, isI prakAra mokSa dhAma meM pahu~cA jIva lauTakara saMsAra meM nahIM AtA / ina vicAroM kI abhivyakti nimna paMktiyoM meM draSTavya hai : "bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA/AmUla miTa jAnA hI/mokSa hai| isI kI zuddha-dazA meM/avinazvara sukha hotA hai/jise/prApta hone ke bAda, yahA~/saMsAra meM AnA kaise sambhava hai/tuma hI batAo! dugdha kA vikAsa hotA hai/phira anta meM/ghRta kA vilAsa hotA hai, kintu/ghRta kA dugdha ke rUpa meM/lauTa AnA sambhava hai kyA ? tuma hI batAo !" (pR. 486-487) satya aura tathya : kavi ne AcArya umAsvAmI ke 'tattvArthasUtra' (5/30) meM Ae utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya-yuktaM sat' isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA karate hue sat ko hI satya aura tathya saMjJA dI hai / isa sandarbha meM draSTavya haiM kavi kI nimna paMktiyA~ :
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________________ 354 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "AnA,jAnA, lagA huA hai/AnA yAnI janana-utpAda hai jAnA yAnI maraNa-vyaya hai/lagA huA yAnI sthira-dhauvya hai aura/hai yAnI cira-sat/yahI satya hai yahI tathya!" (pR. 185) karma-vyavasthA : Upara kathita cetana kI saMsAra meM Ane aura jAne kI kriyA taba taka banI rahatI hai jaba taka karmoM kA saMzleSaNa banA rahatA hai / cetana cAhe to vizleSaNa karake unase mukta ho sakatA hai / kavi ne ina vicAroM ko nimna prakAra se abhivyakta kiyA hai : "karmoM kA saMzleSaNa honA,/AtmA se phira unakA sva-para kAraNavaza/vizleSaNa honA,/ye donoM kArya AtmA kI hI/mamatA-samatA-pariNati para AdhArita haiN|" (pR. 15-16) duHkha aura sukha kRta karmoM ke phala haiN| unakI prApti meM kisI anya ko hetu mAnanA apane bhaviSya ko hI dUSita karanA hai| kavi ne isa satya ko sItA-haraNa kA udAharaNa dekara bhalI prakAra udghATita kiyA hai / dhyAtavya haiM nimna paMktiyA~ : "rAvaNa ne sItA kA haraNa kiyA thA/taba sItA ne kahA thA : yadi maiM /itanI rUpavatI nahIM hotI/rAvaNa kA mana kaluSita nahIM hotA aura isa/rUpa-lAvaNya ke lAbha meM/merA hI karmodaya kAraNa hai, yaha jo/karma-bandhana huA hai/mere hI zubhAzubha pariNAmoM se ! aisI dazA meM rAvaNa ko hI/doSI ghoSita krnaa| apane bhaviSya-bhAla ko/aura dUSita karanA hai / " (pR. 468-469) kavi ne karma-saMzleSaNa kA kAraNa mamatA batAyA hai / yahI mamatA hai moha / kavi ne moha kI paribhASA kI hai : "vAsanA kA vilAsa/moha haiM" (pR. 38) / isakA tAtparya hai ki indriya-viSaya moha ke mUla haiM / indriya-viSayoM meM kavi ne rasanendriya-viSaya ko sabase adhika duHkhotpAdaka mAnA hai| isa sandarbha meM nimna paMktiyA~ dhyAtavya haiM : "rasanendriya ke vazIbhUta huA vyakti/kabhI bhI kisI bhI vastu ke sahI svAda se paricita nahIM ho sktaa|" (pR. 281) santa : kavi ne santoM ke sambandha meM bhI acchA adhyayana kiyA hai| unake anusAra saMsAra kA anta santa hI karate haiM kintu ve sabhI santoM ko santa nahIM maante| unhoMne likhA hai : "jo rAgI hai aura dveSI bhI,/santa ho nahIM sakatA vaha/aura nAma-dhArI santa kI upAsanA se/saMsAra kA anta ho nahIM sktaa|" (pR. 363) saMsAra kA anta karane vAle santoM ko kavi ne 'pAtra' saMjJA dI hai| unake anusAra pAtra kaisA ho, yaha jAnane ke lie dhyAtavya haiM isa mahAkAvya kI nimna paMktiyA~ : "pAtra ho pUta-pavitra/pada-yAtrI ho, pANipAtrI ho pIyUSa-pAyI haMsa-paramahaMsa ho,/apane prati vajra-sama kaThora
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________________ para ke prati navanIta / mRdu aura / para kI pIr3A ko apanI pIr3A kA prabhu kI IDA meM apanI krIr3A kA / saMvedana karatA ho / mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 355 pApa - prapaMca se mukta, pUrI taraha / pavana - sama ni:saMga / paratantra - bhIru, darpaNa - sama darpa se parIta/ harA-bharA phUlA - phalA / pAdapa-sama vinIta / nadI - pravAha - sama lakSya kI ora / aruka, athaka gatimAna / mAnApamAna samAna jinheM, / yoga meM nizcala meru- sama, upayoga meM nizchala dhenu- sama, / lokaiSaNA se pare hoM / mAtra zuddha-tattva kI gaveSaNA meM pare hoM;/chidrAnveSI nahIM / guNa-grAhI hoM,/ pratikUla zatruoM para kabhI barasate nahIM, / anukUla mitroM para / kabhI harasate nahIM, / aura khyAti - kIrti-lAbha para / kabhI tarasate nahIM / krUra nahIM, siMha- sama nirbhIka / kisI se kucha bhI mA~ga nahIM bhIkha, prabhAkara-sama paropakArI / pratiphala kI ora / kabhI bhUla kara bhI nA nihAreM, nidrAjayI, indriya-vijayI / jalAzaya - sama sadAzayI mitAhArI, hita- mitabhASI / cinmaya - maNi ke hoM abhilASI; nija- doSoM ke prakSAlana hetu / Atma-nindaka hoM, para-nindA karanA to dUra, / para- nindA sunane ko bhI jinake kAna utsuka nahIM hote / mAno hoM bahare ! yazasvI, manasvI aura tapasvI / hokara bhI, / apanI prazaMsA ke prasaMga meM jinakI rasanA gU~gI banatI hai / / sAgara - saritA - saravara - taTa para / jinakI zIta-kAlIna rajanI kaTatI / phira / giri para kaTate grISma-dina dinakara kI adIna chA~va meM / " (pR. 300 - 302 ) parISaha aura upasarga : sAdhanA ke kSetra meM parISahoM kA apanA mahattva hai / kavi ne svarga aura mokSa kI prApti meM parISaha aura upasargoM kA vizeSa mahattva batAyA hai| isa sandarbha meM dhyAtavya haiM nimna paMktiyA~ : " parISaha - upasarga ke binA kabhI / svarga aura apavarga kI upalabdhi na huI, na hogI / traikAlika satya hai yaha !" (pR. 266) - sAdhanA ke kSetra meM agni parIkSA - sI hotI hai / usameM aneka parISaha aura upasarga Ate haiN| jo sAdhaka unheM bheda - vijJAna kA sahArA lekara saha letA hai, ve mukta ho jAte haiM / kavi ne likhA hai : " agni- parIkSA ke binA Aja taka / kisI na hI bhaviSya meM milegI / " (pR. 275 ) bhI mukti milI nahIM, tapa : karma-nirjarA tapa se hI hotI hai| karma taba taka sAtha nahIM chor3ate jaba taka unheM tapa rUpI agni kA sparza nahIM hotA / tapa kA abhAva saMsAra kA sadbhAva hai| isa sambandha meM par3hie kavi ke vicAra : " tapa ke abhAva meM hI / tapatA rahA hai antarmana yaha
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________________ 356 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA analpa saMkalpa-vikalpoM se, kalpa-kAloM se|" (pR. 176) hiMsA-ahiMsA : prastuta mahAkAvya meM hiMsA aura ahiMsA kI vyAkhyAe~ maulika haiM / gambhIra cintana kI pratIka haiM ve : "jahA~ gA~Tha-granthi hai/vahA~ nizcita hI/hiMsA chalatI hai| artha yaha huA ki/granthi hiMsA kI sampAdikA hai/aura nirgrantha dazA meM hI/ahiMsA-palatI hai / " (pR. 64) anekAnta-syAdvAda : anekAnta meM samAhita hotA hai bhAva 'bhI'- sabakI garimA kA, aura ekAntavAda meM akelepana kA- 'hI' kA / 'bhI' aura 'hI' ke mAdhyama se kavi ne isa prakAra kahA hai : " 'hI' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai/'bhI' anekAnta, syAdvAda kA pratIka / ...'hI' dekhatA hai hIna dRSTi se para ko/ bhI dekhatA hai samIcIna dRSTi se saba ko, 'ho' vastu kI zakla ko hI pakar3atA hai| 'bhI' vastu ke bhItarI-bhAga ko bhI chUtA hai|" (pR. 172-173) artha aura paramArtha : artha aura paramArtha sAtha-sAtha nahIM calate / artha-lipsu paramArtha se dUra rahate haiN| AcAryazrI kA vicAra hai : "artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sktiiN|" (pR. 192) arthAbhilASI vItarAga deva se artha mA~gane meM nahIM cUkatA kintu kavi ne isa yAcanA ko acchA nahIM mAnA hai| unhoMne artha ko itanA mahattva nahIM diyA hai jitanA paramArtha ko : "artha kA abhAva koI abhAva nahIM hai/aura prabhu se artha kI mA~ga karanA bhI/vyartha hai nA !" (pR. 253) sAdhanA-rIti : sAdhanA ke do rUpa dikhAI dete haiM-bAhya aura Abhyantarika / bAhya sAdhanA janmatI hai damana se / isameM mana kA yogadAna nahIM rahatA / phalasvarUpa sAdhaka kI sAdhanA se prIti nahIM hotii| kriyAoM meM pradarzana hotA hai| isa sandarbha meM kavi ne sundara cintana prastuta kiyA hai : "mAtra damana kI prakriyA se/koI bhI kriyA/phalavatI nahIM hotI hai, ...prakRti se viparIta calanA/sAdhanA kI rIta nahIM hai| binA prIti, virati kA palanA/sAdhanA kI jIta nhiiN|" (pR. 391) sAdhaka sahatA hai saba kucha, saharSa / ApadAoM se karatA hai saMgharSa / AcAryazrI kA anubhava isa sandarbha meM ullekhanIya hai : "sarva-sahA honA ho/sarvasva ko pAnA hai jIvana meN|" (pR. 190) nimitta-upAdAna : kavi ne upAdAna ko kArya kA janaka nahIM mAnA hai| usake aisA hone meM unhoMne nimitta kI anivAryatA para bala diyA hai| kavi ke vicAra haiM :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 357 "upAdAna kA koI yahA~ para/para-mitra hai . "to vaha/nizcaya se nimitta hai jo apane mitra kA/nirantara niyamita rUpa se/gantavya taka sAtha detA hai|" (pR.481) sallekhanA : jaina darzana meM maraNa ke aneka prakAra batAe gae haiN| sallekhanA bhI maraNa kA hI eka bheda hai / aisA maraNa acchA mAnA gayA hai / kavi kI dRSTi meM sallekhanA kA svarUpa nimna prakAra hai : "sallekhanA, yAnI/kAya aura kaSAya ko/kRza karanA hotA hai, beTA ! kAyA ko kRza karane se/kaSAya kA dama ghuTatA hai/"ghuTanA hI cAhie / aura/kAyA ko miTAnA nahIM,/miTatI-kAyA meM/milatI-mAyA meM mlAna-mukhI aura mudita-mukhI/nahIM honA hI/sahI sallekhanA hai, anyathA Atama kA dhana luTatA hai, beTA!" (pR. 87) zrIphala : zrIphala, jise laukika bhASA meM nAriyala kahA jAtA hai, dhArmika avasara para maMgala ke rUpa meM use maMgala kalaza para virAjamAna kiyA jAtA hai| anya phala bhI haiM kintu zrIphala ko hI yaha sammAna kyoM prApta huA ? isa sandarbha meM kavi kA cintana hai : "prAya: saba kI coTiyA~/adhomukhI huA karatI haiM,/parantu zrIphala kI UrdhvamukhI hai |/ho sakatA hai/isIlie zrIphala ke dAna ko mukti-phala-prada kahA ho|" (pR. 311) laukika pakSa zabda prayoga : prastuta mahAkAvya meM zabdoM kI prayoga zailI itara mahAkAvyoM kI apekSA bhinna hai / isameM sandhiviccheda dvArA zabda ke mUla artha meM parivartana darzAyA gayA hai| yaha do prakAra se huA hai-mUla zabda kA zabda-viccheda pUrvaka do yA koI eka varNa badalakara aura kevala varNa-viccheda dvaaraa| ___ a : aise zabda jinameM sandhi-viccheda ke pazcAt do varNa badalakara abhISTa artha prastuta kiyA gayA hai| udAharaNArtha : "nizA kA avasAna ho rahA hai/uSA kI aba zAna ho rahI hai|" (pR. 1) ba : mUla zabdoM kA viccheda karake jahA~ kevala eka varNa badalakara abhISTa artha prastuta kiyA gayA hai| kucha aise zabda haiM : 1. "vahI rasanA hai vahI vasanA hai/kisI ke bhI rahI vaza nA hai|" (pR. 456) 2. "orI kalazI!/kahA~ dikha rahI hai tU/kala "sI ?" (pR. 417) 3. "o mA~ ! jaladevatA!/hameM yaha de btaa|" (pR. 456) 4. "mATI ke kumbha meM bhare pAyasa ne/pAtra-dAna se pA yaza upazama-bhAva meM kahA, ki/tuma meM pAyasa nA hai tumhArA pAya sanA hai/pApa-paMka se pUrA apAvana |"(pR. 364) 5. "caraNa ko chor3akara/kahIM anyatra kabhI bhI cara na ! cara nA !! cara nA !!!" (pR. 359) 6. "hama haiM kRpANa/hama meM kRpA na!" (pR. 73)
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________________ 358 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sa : aise zabda jinakA varNa-viccheda dvArA bhinna artha nikAlA gayA hai : 1. "orI rassI ! / ... Aja tU / rasa - sI nahIM !" (pR. 62) 2. " AdamI vahI hai / jo yathA - yogya / sahI AdamI hai|" (pR. 64) 3. " yahI merI kAmanA hai ki / AgAmI chorachIna kAla meM basa isa ghaTa meM / kAma nA rahe !" (pR. 77 ) 4. " harSA kI varSA kI hai / terI zItalatA ne / mA~ ! zIta-latA ho tuma !" (pR. 85) 5. " kisalaya ye kisalie/kisa laya meM gIta gAte haiM ?" (pR. 141) 6. " mukha se bAhara nikalI hai rasanA / thor3I-sI ulaTI-palaTI, kucha kaha rahI - sI lagatI hai - / bhautika jIvana meM rasa nA / " (pR. 180 ) 7. "maiM aMganA hU~ / parantu, / mAtra aMga nA huuN|" (pR. 207) 8. "hameM nAga aura nAgina / nA gina, he varabhAgin !" (pR. 432 ) 9. "hama to aparAdhI haiM / cAhate aparA 'dhI' haiN|" (pR. 474 ) da: aise zabda jahA~ varNa-mela se artha badalA gayA hai : 1. " mAnava - mana para / hiMsA kA prabhAva nA ho, / divi meM, bhU meM bhUgarbhoM meM / jiyA-dharma kI / dayA-dharma kI / prabhAvanA ho N!'' (pR. 77-78) 2. "tAmasatA kAya-ratA hai / vahI sahI mAyane meM / bhItarI kAyaratA hai !" (pR. 94 ) 3. "na- 'mana' ho, taba kahIM / namana ho 'samaNa' ko / " (pR. 97 ) 4. "mara, hama 'marahama' bneN|" (pR. 175) 5. "dhI - ratA hI vRtti vaha / dharatI kI dhIratA hai / " (pR. 233) 6. " kAya - ratA hI vRtti vaha / jaladhi kI kAyaratA hai / " (pR. 233) 7. "kama balavAle hI / kambalavAle hote haiN|" (pR. 92) 8. "maiM do galA / ... maiM dogalA / " (pR. 175) pAribhASika zabda : zabdoM meM prayukta varNAzrita vyAkhyAoM meM kavi kA cintana draSTavya hai / prastuta haiM udAharaNArtha aisI katipaya paribhASAe~ : 1. 2. "" 'saM' yAnI samIcIna / sAra yAnI sarakanA" jo samyak sarakatA hai/ vaha saMsAra kahalAtA hai|" (pR. 161) "" 'ni' yAnI nija meM hI / 'yati' yAnI yatana - sthiratA hai apane meM lIna honA hI niyati hai / " (pR. 349) 3. " 'puruSa' yAnI AtmA - paramAtmA hai / 'artha' yAnI prAptavya - prayojana hai AtmA ko chor3akara / saba padArthoM ko vismRta karanA hI 4. sahI puruSArtha hai / " (pR. 349) " 'kuM' yAnI dharatI / aura / 'bha' yAnI bhAgya -, -/ yahA~ para jo
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 359 bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho/kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai|" (pR. 28) 5." 'gada' kA artha hai roga/'hA' kA artha hai hAraka/maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA banU~ "basa,/aura kucha vAMchA nahIM/gada-hA gadahA"!" (pR. 40) nArI sambandhI avadhAraNA : kavi kA mahilAoM se sambandhita cintana draSTavya hai, vizeSata: mahilAoM ke nAmoM kI vyAkhyAoM meM / isake lie avalokanIya haiM-nArI, mahilA, abalA, kumArI, strI, sutA, duhitA, mAtA, aMganA Adi zabda (pR.201-207)| ___ ina paribhASAoM meM to kavi kI strI-sambandhI avadhAraNA draSTavya hai hI, sAtha hI kAvya meM anya sthaloM meM bhI yaha avadhAraNA dikhAI detI hai| ve sthala haiM : 1. "IrSyA para vijaya prApta karanA/saba ke vaza kI bAta nahIM, __ aura vaha bhI"/strI-paryAya meM-/anahonI-sI ghaTanA !" (pR. 2) 2. "svastrI ho yA parastrI,/strI-jAti kA svabhAva hai,/ki ___ kisI pakSa se cipakI nahIM rahatI vh|" (pR. 224) 3. "isIlie bhUlakara bhI/kula-paramparA saMskRti kA sUtradhAra strI ko nahIM banAnA caahie|/aur/gopniiy kArya ke viSaya meM vicAra-vimarza-bhUmikA/nahIM batAnA caahie|" (pR. 224) 4. "mA~ kI mamatA hai vaha/santAna ke prati/vaMza-aMza ke prati aisA kadama nahIM uThA sakatI/""kabhI bhUlakara bhI, saba kucha kaSTa-bhAra/apane Upara hI uThA letI hai/aura bhItara-hI-bhItara/cuppI biThA letI hai|" (pR. 55) 5. "santAna kI avanati meM/nigraha kA hAtha uThatA hai mA~ kA/aura santAna kI unnati meM/anugraha kA mAtha uThatA hai mA~ kaa|" (pR. 148) 6. "santAna kI prakRti zaitAnI hai,/phira bhI santAna para mA~ kI kRpA hotI hI hai|" (pR. 475) 7. "mA~ kI gauravapUrNa goda meM/gusse kA ghusa AnA/na sunA, na dekhA jisa goda meM sukha ke kSaNa/sahaja bItate haiM zizu ke|" (pR. 476) jIvana-mUlya : kavi ne jIvana-mUlyoM ke sambandha meM bhI cintana kiyA hai| unake vicAra bhinna-bhinna viSayoM para Azrita haiN| kucha uddharaNIya aMza nimna prakAra haiM : 1. "anukUlatA kI pratIkSA karanA/sahI puruSArtha nahIM hai|" (pR. 13) / 2. "saMgharSamaya jIvana kA/upasaMhAra/niyamarUpa se/harSamaya hotA hai|" (pR. 14) 3. "duHkha kI vedanA meM/jaba nyUnatA AtI hai ___duHkha bhI sukha-sA lagatA hai|" (pR. 18) 4. "pIr3A kI ati hI/pIr3A kI iti hai/aura pIr3A kI iti hI/sukha kA atha hai / " (pR. 33)
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________________ 360 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 5. "pApI se nahIM/pApa se/paMkaja se nahIM,/paMka se/ghRNA kro|" (pR.50-51) 6. "nirgrantha-dazA meM hI/ahiMsA palatI hai|" (pR. 64) 7. "sahadharmI sajAti meM hI/vaira vaimanaska bhAva/paraspara dekhe jAte haiM!"(pR.71) 8. "sat kI khoja meM lagI dRSTi hI/sat-yuga hai, beTA !/aura asat-viSayoM meM DUbI/A-pAda-kaNTha sat ko asat mAnanevAlI dRSTi/svayaM kaliyuga hai, beTA!" (pR. 83) 9. "sukha yA du:kha ke lAbha meM bhI/bhalA chupA huA rahatA hai, dekhane se dikhatA hai samatA kI A~khoM se|" (pR. 87) 10. "mana kI chA~va meM hI/mAna panapatA hai|" (pR. 97) 11. "lalAma cAma vAle/vAma-cAla vAle hote haiN|" (pR. 101) 12. "dama sukha hai, sukha kA srota / " (pR. 102) 13. "mada duHkha hai, sukha kI mauta !" (pR. 102) 14. "para-padArtha se prabhAvita honA hI/moha kA pariNAma hai|" (pR. 109) 15. "rasanA hI/rasAtala kI rAha rahI hai|" (pR. 116) 16. "AdhA bhojana kIjie/duguNA pAnI piiv| tiguNA zrama cauguNI ha~sI/varSa savA sau jIva !" (pR. 133) 17. "paramArtha tulatA nahIM kabhI/artha kI tulA meN|" (pR. 142) 18. "eka-dUsare ke sukha-duHkha meM/paraspara bhAga lenA sajjanatA kI pahacAna hai|" (pR. 168) 19. "pramAda pathika kA parama zatru hai|" (pR. 172) 20. "tapa ke abhAva meM hI/tapatA rahA hai antarmana yaha analpa saMkalpa-vikalpoM se, kalpa-kAloM se|" (pR. 176) 21. "para-sampadA haraNa kara saMgraha karanA ___ moha-mUrchA kA atireka hai|" (pR. 189) 22. "sarva-sahA honA hI/sarvasva ko pAnA hai jIvana meN|" (pR. 190) 23. "artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sktiiN|" (pR. 192) 24. "prAya: puruSoM se bAdhya hokara hI kupatha para calanA par3atA hai striyoM ko|" (pR. 201) 25. "para-dhana kaMcana kI giTTI bhI/miTTI ho sajjana kI dRSTi meM!" (pR. 212) 26. "strI aura zrI ke caMgula meM phaMse/dussaha duHkha se dUra nahIM hote kbhii|" (pR.214) 27. "hiMsA kI hiMsA karanA hI/ahiMsA kI pUjA hai"prshNsaa|" (pR. 233) 28. "mA~-pRthivI kI pratiSThA/dRr3ha niSThA ke binA/Tika nahIM sktii|"(pR. 212) 29. "artha kA abhAva koI abhAva nahIM hai|" (pR. 253)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 361 30. "chala-bala se/hala nahIM nikalane vAlA kucha bhii|" (pR. 261) 31. "asaMyamI saMyamI ko kyA degA ?/virAgI rAgI se kyA legA ?"(pR. 269) 32. "niyama-saMyama ke sammukha/asaMyama hI nahIM, yama bhI ___ apane ghuTane Teka detA hai|" (pR. 269) 33. "agni-parIkSA ke binA Aja taka/kisI ko bhI mukti milI nahIM, ____ na hI bhaviSya meM milegii|" (pR. 275) 34. "ziSToM para anugraha karanA/sahaja-prApta zakti kA ___sadupayoga karanA hai, dharma hai|" (pR. 276-277) 35. "adhyAtma svAdhIna nayana hai/darzana parAdhIna upanayana / " (pR. 288) 36. "bhakta kA bhAva apanI ora/bhagavAna ko bhI khIMca le AtA hai|"(pR. 299) 37. "parIkSaka banane se pUrva/parIkSA meM pAsa honA anivArya hai|" (pR. 303) 38. "mRdutA aura kAThinya kI sahI pahacAna/tana ko nahIM, hRdaya ko chUkara hotI hai|" (pR. 311) 39. "zramaNa kA zrRMgAra hI/samatA-sAmya hai"|" (pR. 330) 40. "para se sva kI tulanA karanA/parAbhava kA kAraNa hai dInatA kA pratIka bhii|" (pR. 339) 41. "binA santoSa, jIvana sadoSa hai|" (pR. 339) 42. "sva kI upalabdhi hI sarvopalabdhi hai|" (pR. 340) 43. "bhAgyazAlI bhAgyahIna ko/kabhI bhagAte nahIM, prabho ! bhAgyavAn bhagavAn banAte haiN|" (pR. 342) 44. "vairAgya kI dazA meM/svAgata-AbhAra bhI/bhAra lagatA hai|" (pR. 353) 45. "koSa ke zramaNa bahuta bAra mile haiM/hoza ke zramaNa hote virale hii|"(pR. 361) 46. "zrama kare so zramaNa!" (pR. 362) 47. "jo rAgI hai aura dveSI bhI,/santa ho nahIM sakatA vh|" (pR. 363) 48. "tana aura mana kA gulAma hI/para-padArthoM kA svAmI bananA cAhatA hai|"(pR.375) 49. "svabhAva samatA se vimukha huA jIvana/amaratva kI ora nahIM __samaratva kI ora,/maraNa kI ora, lur3haka rahA hai|" (pR. 381) 50. "mAtra damana kI prakriyA se/koI bhI kriyA ____ phalavatI nahIM hotI hai|"(pR. 391) 51. "mATI, pAnI aura havA/sau rogoM kI eka dvaa|" (pR. 399) 52. "siddhAnta apanA nahIM ho sakatA/siddhAnta ko apanA sakate hm|"(pR. 415) 53. "krodha kI kSamatA hai kitanI!/kSamA ke sAmane kaba taka TikegA vaha ?"(pR.416) 54. "gandhasevI hone mAtra se/bhramara aura makSikA
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________________ 362 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA eka nahIM ho sakate |"(pR. 419) 55. "deha-neha karane se hI/Aja taka tujhe ____ videha-pada upalabdha nahIM huaa|" (pR.429) 56. "jitane bhI pada haiM/vaha vipadAoM ke Aspada haiN|" (pR. 434) 57. "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda/zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI dharatI yh|" (pR. 441) 58. "AcaraNa ke sAmane Ate hI/prAya: caraNa thama jAte haiN|" (pR. 462) 59. "cora itane pApI nahIM hote/jitane ki/coroM ko paidA karane vaale|" (pR.468) 60. "sajjana apane doSoM ko/kabhI chupAte nhiiN|" (pR. 468) 61. "kaSAya ke vega ko/saMyata hone meM samaya lagatA hI hai !" (pR. 473) 62. "parta se kendra kI ora/jaba mati hone lagatI hai ___ anartha se artha kI ora/taba gati hone lagatI hai|" (pR. 175) 63. "samarpaNa ke bAda samarpita kI/bar3I-bar3I parIkSAyeM hotI haiN|" (pR. 482) 64. "bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA AmUla miTa jAnA hI/mokSa hai|" (pR. 486) sAmayika rAjanIti : deza aura kAla kA pratyeka racanA meM prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai / prastuta mahAkAvya bhI isase achUtA nahIM rahA / kavi ne deza meM phaile AtaMkavAda ko lekara paMjAba ke tatkAlIna mukhyamantrI prakAzasiMha bAdala aura unake sthAna para Ae mukhyamantrI surajIta siMha baranAlA ke upanAmoM kA mAno gopanIya DhaMga se ullekha kiyA hai / sahaja rUpa se ye nAma samajha meM nahIM Ate haiN| paMktiyA~ haiM : "bAdala dala chaMTa gaye haiM/kAjala-pala kaTa gaye haiN| varanA, lAlI kyoM phUTI hai/sudUra "prAcI meM !" (pR. 440) ___ isI prakAra rASTrasanta kavi ne pAkistAna ke tatkAlIna rASTrapati janarala jiyA ula haka ko mAtra 'jiyA' nAma se sambodhita karake, dayA bhAva aura samaSTi se jIne kA upadeza diyA hai / draSTavya haiM nimna paMktiyA~ : "sadaya bano !/adaya para dayA karo/abhaya bano ! sabhaya para kiyA karo abhaya kI/amRta-maya vRSTi sadA sadA sadAzaya dRSTi/2 jiyA, samaSTi jiyA karo!" (pR. 149) yamaka aura zleSa : prastuta mahAkAvya meM yamaka aura zleSa alaMkAroM ke prayoga bhI hue haiM / udAharaNArtha prastuta haiM kucha uddharaNa : 're jiyA ! samaSTi jiyA kro|" (pR. 149 ) yahA~ 'jiyA' pada do bAra AyA hai| prathama pada kA artha hai-jiyA ula haka aura dUsare pada kA artha hai jIvana jInA / isameM yamaka alaMkAra hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 363 "maiM do glaa|" (pR. 175) yaha zleSa alaMkAra kA udAharaNa hai| isa pada meM 'maiM'zabda ke do artha haiM-(1) maiM (2) mAna / isI prakAra do galA meM do artha haiM-galAne kA Adeza aura dvibhaassii| "bhramara se bhI adhika kAlA hai/yaha pahalA bAdala-dala / " (pR. 228) yahA~ bAdala meM zleSa hai / isake do artha haiM-megha aura prakAzasiMha bAdala / "sAgara meM viSa kA vizAla bhaNDAra milatA hai|" (pR. 194) yahA~ viSa zabda meM zleSa hai / isake do artha haiM- pAnI aura viss| "pAtra ne apane yugala karoM ko/pAtra banA liyaa|" (pR. 327) yahA~ pAtra zabda meM yamaka hai / prathama pAtra kA artha hai- nirgrantha muni aura dUsare pAtra kA artha hai bartana / "pAtra se pAnI pIne vAlA/uttama pAtra ho nahIM sktaa|" (pR. 335) yahA~ bhI pAtra zabda meM yamaka hai| pRSTha 452-453 jaba AgakI nIko pAra karaAye hasa....... ... nIrako dhAraNakare sodharagI nIrakA pAlana kareso dharaNI / M
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________________ 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI bhASA DaoN. zambhuzaraNa zukla bhASA bhAvoM aura vicAroM kI vAhikA hai| ucca bhAvoM aura vicAroM kI abhivyakti ke lie bhASA kA sUkSma jJAna aura usa para adhikAra Avazyaka hai| samartha bhASA ke binA acche se acche vicAra bhI vAMchita prabhAva nahIM DAla pAte / kAvya ke abhivyakti pakSa meM bhASA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / AcArya vidyAsAgara kRta 'mUkamATI' Adhunika yuga kA abhinava mahAkAvya hai, jisameM mATI jaisI pada-dalita vastu ko kAvya kI nAyikA ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| Aja se varSoM pahale santa kabIra ne mATI ke mahattva ko svIkAra karate hue likhA thA : 'mUkamATI' mAtra kavi karma na hokara eka dArzanika santa ke dArzanika siddhAntoM kI bhI abhivyakti hai / isameM kavitA ko adhyAtma sAtha abheda kI sthiti meM pahu~cAyA gayA hai| brAuniMga ne eka sthAna para kahA hai ki jahA~ kAvya aura darzana eka sAtha mileM, vahA~ hameM mahAn kavi ke darzana hote haiN| Alocya kAvya kA kavi mahAn hai / isa mahAn kAvya kI bhASA kI parakha rucikara hogii| bhASA ke do upakaraNa haiM : (1) nAda (2) artha / kAvya ke udbhava ke samaya nAda kI pradhAnatA thI / Aja kI kavitA vikAsa ke jina AyAmoM ko pAra kara cukI hai, unameM artha kA mahattva bar3ha gayA hai, para isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki artha pradhAna bhASA meM nAda saundarya hai hI nahIM / Aja kA kavi nAda ko arthabodha ke sahAyaka ke rUpa meM letA hai| yadyapi Alocya kAvya ke 'prastavana' lekhaka zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ke anusAra : "kavi ke lie atizaya AkarSaNa hai zabda kA, jisakA pracalita artha meM upayoga karake vaha usakI saMgaThanA ko vyAkaraNa kI sAna para car3hAkara nayI-nayI dhAra dete haiM, nayI-nayI parateM ughAr3ate haiM / zabda kI vyutpatti usake antaraMga artha kI jhA~kI to detI hI hai, hameM usake mAdhyama artha ke anUThe aura achUte AyAmoM kA darzana hotA hai (pR. VII ) / " phira bhI nAda saundarya kI upekSA nahIM hai| artha ko binA kSati pahu~cAe kabhI dvirukti, kabhI punarukti, to kabhI anuprAsa ke mAdhyama se bhAva ke tIvra Avega kI sazakta abhivyakti huI hai, yathAH 0 O "mATI kahe kuMbhAra se tU kyA raude mohi / ika dina aisA AyagA maiM rauMdUMgI tohi // " m 0 O 'kSaNa-kSaNa / " (pR. 35 ) 'chana-chana kara / " (pR. 35 ) "yU~ ! cirar cirar cillAtI / " (pR. 137) " " guna-guna-guMjana-gAna sunAtA / " (pR. 334) " cama cama cama cama / camakanevAlI camaciyA~ / " (pR. 356 ) "khadabada khadabada / khicar3I kA pakanA vaha / " (pR. 362) aba zabda kI naI dhAra dekheM, usake achUte aura anUThe artha ke kucha udAharaNa prastuta haiM : " merA nAma sArthaka ho prabho ! / yAnI / gada kA artha hai roga hA kA artha hai hAraka/ maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA banU~ / basa !" (pR. 40 ) kitanA camatkArika artha hai, kavi ne gadhA ko usake paramparAgata pratIka se mukti dilAI hai| hamArI saMskRti ke mahattvapUrNa siddhAnta vAkya 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kA kitanA avamUlyana huA hai, AcAryajI kI qalama se usakA anUThA artha dekhie:
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 365 " "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam"/isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai vasu yAnI dhana-dravya/dhA yAnI dhAraNa karanA/Aja dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai/dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kA |"(pR. 82) kavi ne zabda ke artha ko naI dhAra dete hue Aja ke mAnava kI dhana ke prati Asakti kI sundara abhivyakti kI hai| sampUrNa mahAkAvya se kama se kama aise pacAsa udAharaNa die jA sakate haiM jinameM kavi kI gahana zabda sAdhanA aura arthAnveSiNI dRSTi ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| ____ Adhunika mahAkAvyoM meM muhAvaroM kA prAyaH abhAva milatA hai / muhAvaroM ke prayoga se bhASA meM saMyama A jAtA hai| samIkSya mahAkAvya meM lokajIvana ke race-pace muhAvaroM kA svAbhAvika prayoga huA hai / kavi ne muhAvaroM kI lAkSaNika zakti kA sAdhikAra lAbha uThAyA hai : - "phUlI nahIM samAtI,/...apalaka tAka rahI hai|" (pR. 25); 0 "pAnI-pAnI ho jA"!"(pR. 53) D "phUTa-phUTa kara rotI hai|" (pR. 80) - "nAca nAcatI rahatI haiN|" (pR. 101) 0 "jaba A~kheM AtI haiM.../...jaba A~kheM jAtI haiM... ...jaba A~kheM lagatI haiN...|" (pR. 359-360) bhASA kA eka anya guNa hai-saMkSipti / saMkSipti se tAtparya hai-kalAtmaka mitavyayatA / isase bhASA meM gati, zakti tathA sundaratA AtI hai| isake lie lokoktiyoM tathA kahAvatoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| samIkSya mahAkAvya meM sthAna-sthAna para lokoktiyoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai jisase bhASA sundara, zakti-sampanna tathA caTapaTI ho gayI hai : . "pUta kA lakSaNa pAlane meM |"(pR. 14 evaM 482) - "kyA patA nahIM tujhako !/choTI ko bar3I machalI sAbuta nigalatI hai yahA~ / " (pR. 71) - "mu~ha meM rAma/bagala meM churii|" (pR. 72) __ "AdhA bhojana kIjie/duguNA pAnI pIva / tiguNA zrama cauguNI ha~sI/varSa savA sau jIva!" (pR. 133) 0 "Amada kama kharcA z2yAdA/lakSaNa hai miTa jAne kA kUbata kama gussA z2yAdA/lakSaNa hai piTa jAne kaa|" (pR. 135) 0 "bina mA~ge motI mile/mA~ge mile na bhIkha / " (pR. 454) bhASA ko vyAvahArika rUpa dene ke lie kavi ne vyavahAra meM bole jAne jor3e ke zabdoM kA udAratA ke sAtha prayoga kiyA hai, "dina-dahAr3e''(pR. 235), "phUlA-phalA'(pR. 300), "kaTI-piTI'(pR. 332), "ar3osa-par3osa" (pR. 313), "camaka-damaka'' (pR. 346), "TUTe-phUTe' (pR. 435), "Ter3hI-mer3hI' (pR. 444) / ina zabdoM ke prayoga se bhASA meM svAbhAvikatA AI hai| svAbhAvikatA aura preSaNIyatA kA kavi ko itanA dhyAna hai ki usane urdU zabdoM kA prayoga bhI ni:saMkoca kiyA hai, yathA : "bezaka" (pR. 223), "qismatavAloM' (pR. 222), "mAsUma' (pR. 239), "AsIna" (pR. 255), "tAz2I mahaka" (pR. 264), "afasosa' (pR. 292), "qImata" (pR. 31) / '
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________________ 366 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA vizeSatA yaha hai ki ye zabda hindI, saMskRta ke zabdoM ke sAtha raca-basa gae haiM, ve paibaMda se nahIM lagate / AtmIyatA kI svAbhAvika abhivyakti ke lie dezaja sambodhana bhI svIkRta haiM : "suna rI rassI!" (pR. 63), "orI rassI !" (pR. 62) "loMdA'' (pR. 400)- jaise dezaja zabdoM kI upasthiti bhI dekhI jA sakatI hai / kucha zabdoM aura muhAvaroM kA sAbhiprAya prayoga to camatkRta karatA hai, dekhate hI banatA hai aura svAbhAvikatA bhI apanI carama sImA para hai : "Aie svAmin!/bhojanAlaya meM praveza kIjie aura/binA pITha dikhAye/Age-Age hotA hai pUrA parivAra / " (pR. 323-324) "pITha dikhAnA" muhAvarA hai| isakA prayoga adhikatara yuddha bhUmi meM zatru se Darakara bhAgane ke sandarbha meM hotA hai, para kavi ne isakA prayoga bhAratIya saMskRti kI vizeSatA ke rUpa meM kiyA hai / hamArI saMskRti meM atithi ko devatA mAnA gayA hai / devatA ko pITha nahIM dikhAI jaatii| yahA~ pITha na dikhAnA atithi ko sammAna denA hai| isIlie "binA pITha dikhAe" pUrA parivAra Age-Age hotA hai| kahIM-kahIM saMskRta bhASA ke vAkya akhaNDa aura kahIM-kahIM khaNDita rUpa meM milate haiM, yathA : 0 "bho svAmin !/namostu ! namostu ! namostu ! ___atra ! atra ! atra !/tiSTha ! tiSTha ! tiSTha !" (pR. 322) 0 "alaM vistrenn|" (pR. 49) 0 "parasparopagraho jIvAnAm / " (pR. 41) kahIM-kahIM padAvalI kI paMktiyoM para saMskRta bhASA kI chAyA pratIta hotI hai, yathA : "dRr3hA dhruvA saMyamA AliMgitA" (pR. 242) sambodhana kAraka meM savibhaktika prayoga bhI mila jAte haiM, yathA : "prabho" ! (pR. 40), "cAru-zIle'' (pR. 31) / saMskRta ke kucha aise zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai jinakA prayoga dainika bolacAla meM bhI kiyA jAtA hai : "AvaraNa' (pR. 462), "mudita" (pR. 221), "sAdhu" (pR. 237) / zabda evaM artha se sambandhita bhASA meM tIna vizeSatAe~ hotI haiM, jinheM guNa kahate haiN| prasAda, oja aura mAdhuryatIna guNa haiN| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM prasAda guNa kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA gayA hai / jaTila evaM sUkSma viSayoM ko bhI sarala bhASA meM abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai / oja guNa mAnava svabhAva kI puruSa vRttiyoM se sambandhita hai / yathAsthAna bhASA ke isa guNa kA bhI upayoga kiyA gayA hai : "indra ne amogha astra calAyA/to"tuma/rAmabANa se kAma lo ! pIche haTane kA mata nAma lo/IMTa kA javAba patthara se do! vilamba nahIM, avilamba/olA-vRSTi karo"upalavarSA / " (pR. 248) ___ mAdhurya guNa kA sambandha mAnava kI komala vRttiyoM se hai| 'mUkamATI' kI bhASA meM mAdhurya guNa kI bhI kamI nahIM "bhAnu kI nidrA TUTa to gaI hai/parantu abhI vaha/leTA hai mA~ kI mArdava-goda meM,/mukha para aMcala lekara,/karavaTeM le rahA hai / " (pR. 1) kAvya kI lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA zakti ke mAdhyama se Aja kI jvalanta samasyA AtaMkavAda kA samAdhAna prastuta
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________________ kiyA gayA hai| niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI bhASA atyanta praur3ha hai / svAbhAvika hote hue bhI alaMkRta hai, para alaMkAra bhArAkrAnta nahIM / bhASA meM vaividhya hai, isa kAraNa pAThaka ko ekarasatA kA AbhAsa nahIM hotA / bodhagamya hone ke kAraNa preSaNIyatA ke guNa se sampanna hai / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya apane abhinava kathya ke sAthasAtha abhinava bhASA ke lie bhI sAhitya jagat meM samAdRta hogA, aisA vizvAsa hai / LO mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 367 M 396-397 pRSTha kelA zabdasvayaM kaha rahA ki eka hI mata hai, basa -
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : eka vihaMgama dRSTi DaoN. (zrImatI) nIrA jaina munizreSTha AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI kRti 'mUkamATI' jaina sAhitya, darzana, dharma evaM jJAna ke kSetra meM eka anupama grantha hai| miTTI ke kumbha ke pratIka ke mAdhyama se mAnava jIvana kI sUkSma, gambhIra vyAkhyA kI hai / kumbhakAra padadalita miTTI ko kUTa - chAna kara, usase kaMkara - patthara pRthak kara, jIvanadAyI jalatattva ko milA kara, usa miTTI se manacAhI vastuoM ko rUpAkAra detA hai| miTTI dvArA nirmita vastuoM meM kumbha sarvAdhika upayogI siddha hotA hai / ave kI Aga meM tapane ke uparAnta hI vaha jana-kalyANakArI evaM pUjA kA nimitta kAraNa rUpa maMgala ghaTa banatA hai| pudgaloM se nirmita hokara bhI Atma tattva ke abhAva meM zarIra niSprANa hai / isI Atma tattva pahacAna karAne ke lie munizrI ne apanI kAvyapratibhA kA saundarya 'mUkamATI' grantha meM sAkAra kiyA hai / vAstava meM yaha kAvya mAnava jIvana kI vizada vyAkhyA mahAkAvya ke udAtta va bhavya phalaka para prastuta karatA hai / mahAkAvya kI rUpavidhA meM mAnava jIvana kI rUpaka pradhAna abhivyaMjanA karane kA sarvaprathama prayAsa Adhunika hindI sAhitya ke mahAn kavi jayazaMkara prasAdajI kI anupama kRti 'kAmAyanI' meM saphalatA pUrvaka kiyA jA cukA hai| sRSTi ke Adi puruSa manu (jo mAnava mana kA pratIka hai) zraddhA aura ir3A (mana kI do vRttiyoM) ke sahayoga se jIvana meM zaiva darzana ke AnandavAda kI pratiSThA karate haiM / jisa prakAra prasAdajI ne mAnava-jIvana ke zAzvata mUlyoM (prema, karuNA, dayA Adi) kI sthApanA karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai usI prakAra muni zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne apane isa grantha meM jaina dharma, darzana ke AdhAra para mAnava-jIvana ko adhyAtma ke dharAtala para parakhane kA stutya prayAsa kiyA hai| saMsAra meM karmarata manuSya buddhi aura viveka se yukta hokara bhI isa mAyAvI kintu kSaNabhaMgura saMsAra ke AkarSaNoM pIche unmatta ho aMdhI daur3a lagAtA rahatA hai| isa digbhramita lakSyahIna mAnava kI sadvRttiyoM ko jagA kara AcAryazrI ne yaha samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki mAnava jIvana kI sArthakatA usake jIvana kA dUsaroM ke hita meM kAma Ane meM hai / ni:svArtha bhAva se paropakAra karate hue Atma tattva ko pahacAnanA aura jIvana ko sanmArga para calAte hue lakSya taka pahu~cAnA mAnava-jIvana kA parama dhyeya honA caahie| miTTI jaisI nirIha vastu ko mahAkAvya ke udAtta viSaya ke samakakSa rakha usakI garimA ko pahacAnane kI preraNA dekara AcArya zrI manuSya ko batAnA cAhate haiM ki jisa prakAra dharatI kA mUla miTTI ananta kAla se ananta kaSTa sahatI huI jar3a-cetana jagat ke sabhI prANiyoM va padArthoM ke bojha ko mUka bhAva se vahana karatI A rahI hai, sabakA avalamba banakara bhI kisI ke prati rAga-dveSa nahIM rakhatI varan mA~ samAna acche-bure, puNyAtmA-pApI, bar3e-choTe, dharmI- adharmI sabakA pAlana-poSaNa karatI hai, usI prakAra dharatI ke aMza rUpa pudgaloM se nirmita mAnava zarIra rUpI ghaTa ko, sva ko (AtmA) pahacAna kara sabake prati samatA kA bhAva rakhanA caahie| sAMsArika jIva kI sthiti isake viparIta yahA~ ke bhautika sukha-sAdhanoM, viSaya-vAsanAoM ke bhoga meM Asakta rahatI hai| AtmarUpa ko bhulA kara ajJAna kI nidrA meM soe isa manuSya ko hI kavi ne prabodhA hai aura jJAna ke prakAza meM sva ko pahacAnane kI dizA meM unmukha kiyA hai| svastika cihna kI garimA ko spaSTa karate hue munizrI ne kahA hai ki yaha svayaM kA pratIka hai| isakI cAroM pA~khuriyA~ aura unameM aMkita bindu saMsAra kI una cAra gatiyoM kI sUcaka haiM jo sukha se zUnya haiN| 'om' ke uccAraNa ke dvArA manuSya svayaM kI pahacAna karatA hai / Atma tattva ko pahacAna kara use Izvaronmukha karanA yA Izvara - sama bananA hI mAnava-jIvana kA lakSya hotA hai /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 369 yuga vizeSa ke udAtta kathAnaka, udAtta nAyaka kI sthUla dRSTi se yaha kAvya mahAkAvya nahIM hai, kyoMki isameM to usa manuSya ke jIvana-pravAha kI gAthA hai jo atyanta sAdhAraNa hai / bhAva-vicAra, darzana evaM adhyAtma kI jisa bhavya nIMva para isa kAvya kA mahala nirmita huA hai, vaha udAttatA kI parAkASThA kI paricAyaka hai| yaha kAvya vivekazIla prANI ke lie mukti kA agamya patha prazasta karatA hai / mahAkAvya kI zAstrIya niyamAvalI ke anuzAsana kA pAlana na hone para bhI isa grantha meM prabandhakAvya kI garimA hai / vyakti vizeSa ke caritra kA udghATana na hone para bhI yaha mAnava-jIvana kA AkhyAna bana gayA hai| cintana ke dharAtala para bhAvoM aura vicAroM kI ekasUtratA, zAnta rasa kI pratiSThA meM hI anya sabhI rasoM kA samAhAra, ghaTanA, paristhiti tathA uddezya ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie prakRti ke upAdAnoM kA yathAsambhava upayoga Adi isa kAvya ko ucca koTi kA prabandhakAvya siddha karate haiN| yaha manuSya kI mukti yAtrA kI maMgalamaya gAthA hai / isake cAroM sarga mAnava kI Atma-sAdhanA ke hI sopAna haiN| bhAratIya darzana ke nirguNa aura saguNa sabhI bhaktoM ne Izvara prApti kI dizA meM Atma-cintana, dhyAna evaM yoga-sAdhanA dvArA mukti-patha kI khoja kA prayAsa kiyA hai| isI prakAra jaina darzana meM Atma-darzana ke lie jisa kaSTa kara sAdhanA, tapa-tyAga Adi kI anivAryatA hotI hai usI ke svarUpa ko samajhAne ke lie miTTI ke ghar3e kA dRSTAnta prastuta kiyA hai / tuccha miTTI se maMgala ghaTa taka banane kI sampUrNa prakriyA kA sUkSma vivecana evaM vizleSaNa karake yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki manuSya kA bhautika zarIra, jIvAtmA ko yugoM-yugoM ke kaThina saMgharSoM aura tapasyA ke uparAnta hI prApta hotA hai / ata: use sAMsArika AkarSaNoM kI mRga-marIcikA ke pIche na ga~vAkara use mukti kI rAha para lAne meM hI mAnava-jIvana kI sArthakatA hai| jisa prakAra sonA-cA~dI ke amUlya ratnajar3ita kumbhoM ke jala ke samakSa miTTI ke tuccha ghar3e ke nirmala va svaccha jala kI zItalatA hI mana ko tRpta kara tRSNA ko zAnta karatI hai, yahA~ taka ki svastika se aMkita miTTI kA kumbha eka tyAgI, tapasvI kI AhAra-prakriyA meM upayogI siddha hotA hai, usI prakAra manuSya jaba vaibhava vilAsa ke bahumUlya upakaraNoM kI tulanA meM sAdhAraNa jIvana aura uccavicAroM ko mahattva detA huA sAMsArika kaSToM ke avA' meM svayaM ko tapAkara AtmA ko parakhatA hai tathA use nirantara vikAsa ke patha para agrasara karatA hai tabhI usakI jIvana-yAtrA maMgalamaya bana kara sukhada phala detI hai| isI se manuSya-jIvana dUsaroM ke lie anukaraNIya banatA hai / munizrI kI svata: anubhUta tapasyA aura sAdhanA hI isa grantha meM rUpAyita huI hai| cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita yaha kAvya parimANa kI daSTi se mahAkAvya kI sImAoM kA sparza karatA hai| prakRti ke udAtta citraNa jaTila darzana aura vicAroM ko sarala rUpa dene meM sahAyaka bane haiN| saritA taTa kI miTTI kI bhA~ti hara prANI apanI yoni (paryAya) se mukti pAnA cAhatA hai / yahI kAvya kA mUlabhUta dArzanika prazna hai : "isa paryAya kI/iti kaba hogI ?/isa kAyA kI/cyuti kaba hogI ? batA do, mA~ "ise !/...pada do, patha do,/pAtheya bhI do mA~ !" (pR. 5) kAvya kA prathama khaNDa- 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha', mUka mATI kI usa prAthamika dazA ke parizodhana kI prakriyA ko vyakta karatA hai jahA~ vaha piNDa rUpa meM kaMkara-kaNoM se milI-julI avasthA meM hai| kumbhakAra eka sundara ghar3A banAne ke lie isa miTTI ko kUTa-chAnakara ati sUkSma banAtA hai tabhI usakA svarUpa svaccha bana pAtA hai / dvitIya khaNDa- 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' meM kavi ne zabda aura bodha kI prakRti ko eka vizeSa AyAma diyA hai : "bodha ke siMcana binA/zabdoM ke paudhe ye kabhI lahalahAte nhiiN|" (pR. 106) bodha kA phala jaba DhalatA-badalatA jisameM, vaha pakva phala hI to zodha kahalAtA hai / tRtIya khaNDa - 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' meM mATI kI vikAsa-kathA ke mAdhyama se puNyakarma ke sampAdana se upajI zreyaskara upalabdhi kA
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________________ 370 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA citraNa kiyA hai / kumbhakAra ke prAMgaNa meM megha muktA ke barasane kA samAcAra suna kara rAjA ke karmacAriyoM dvArA muktArAzi ko boriyoM meM bharane kA upakrama hote hI, AkAza kI guru gambhIra garjanA, anartha aura pApa ke udghoSa ke sAtha rAjA sahita sabhI kA mantrAbhizapta avasthA meM mahasUsa karanA, anta meM sArA dhana rAjA ko hI samarpita kara die jAne ke pIche mAnava-mana kI nirvikAra dazA kA hI citraNa kiyA gayA hai| caturtha khaNDa - 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' meM kumbha kA ave meM tapa kara pakva sthiti prApta karanA vAstava meM jIvAtmA kA zuddha nirmala svarUpa pAnA hai jo rAga-dveSa se sarvathA mukta ho kara parahita meM tatpara rahe tathA Atma-sAdhanA kI U~cAiyoM ko bhI sparza kare / "sva - para doSoM ko jalAnA / parama-dharma mAnA hai santoM ne / " (pR. 277) isI khaNDa meM sAdhu ko AhAra dAna kI prakriyA kA vistAra se varNana karake eka nagara seTha ke hRdaya parivartana kI sthiti dikhAkara jIvana ke gantavya ko lakSita karane kA sArthaka prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| " santa samAgama kI yahI to sArthakatA hai / saMsAra kA anta dikhane lagatA hai, ... sahI dizA kA prasAda hI / sahI dazA kA prAsAda hai / " (pR. 352) mana kI zuddha dazA meM hI avinazvara sukha kI anubhUti hotI hai| isa satya ko udghATita karake munizrI ne mAnavajIvana kI maMz2ila kA spaSTa saMketa kiyA hai| kAvya ke anekAneka mArmika prasaMgoM ke citraNa aura pariveza-varNana ke dvArA jIvana-darzana svataH udghATita hotA jAtA hai / kumbhakAra aura miTTI ke pratIkArtha kAvyagata paramAtmA evaM AtmA rUpa pAtra hI jIvana ke zAzvata siddhAntoM ko rUpAyita karate haiM / jisa prakAra maMgala ghaTa kI sArthakatA guru ke pAda - prakSAlana meM hai usI prakAra mAnava-jIvana kI upAdeyatA jIvana kI gati ko parama sattA kI ora unmukha karane meM hai / kAvya ke nAyaka haiM kintu guru ke bhI ArAdhya haiM 'arahanta deva' haiM jo moha mukta, sarvathA nizcinta, janama-maraNa, jarA jIrNatA se pare, aSTAdaza doSoM se mukta haiN| isI parama tattva ke samAna hI AtmA ko pahu~cAne kI preraNA kavi ne dI hai| mAnava zarIra rUpI vahI ghaTa sArthaka hai jo bhavasAgara meM nirbAdha gati se, vizvAsa kI mazAla hAtha meM lie Atmakendrita hokara vighna-bAdhA ko pAra karatA calA jAtA hai / viSaya kaSAyoM ko tyAgakara jitendriya, vijitamanA hokara apane bhItara chupI IzvarIya zakti ko jAgRta karanA hI AtmA kA vizuddha svarUpa hai| jisa prakAra eka bAra dUdha se ghRta bana jAne para vaha puna: dUdha nahIM bana sakatA usI prakAra Atmatattva ko adhyAtma ke nikaSa para kasane vAlA punaH saMsAra meM nahIM AtA / 'mUkamATI' kAvya dvArA munizrI ne jaina darzana ke isI svarUpa ko spaSTa kiyA hai| isa dRSTi se prastuta kAvya cintana pradhAna vicArAtmaka prabandhakAvya hai / kRti meM dharma ke satya svarUpa ko vyAkhyAyita karake apane yuga kI cetanA ko sAmAjika, rAjanItika, dhArmika, zaikSaNika evaM sAMskRtika kSetroM meM vyApta kurItiyoM ke prati sajaga karake zubha saMskAroM kI ora unmukha kiyA hai| caturtha sarga meM svarNa kalaza dvArA apanI svArthasiddhi hetu AtaMkavAda kA AhvAna aura usake dvArA dharmarata seTha ke parivAra para kiyA gayA upasarga (atyAcAra) Aja ke svArtha- prerita mAnava kI kaluSita vRttiyoM ko pratibimbita karatA hai / kAvya kI lakSaNA evaM vyaMjanA zabda - zaktiyoM ke dvArA Adhunika yuga kI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna bhI mana kI sadvRttiyoM, ahiMsA aura kSamAbhAva meM khojane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| eka tuccha se macchara ke mAdhyama se sAmAjika dAyitvabodha ko avagata karAyA hai tathA samAja kI vikRtiyoM ko udghATita kiyA hai / daheja prathA ke abhizApa ko nimna udAharaNa se samajhA jA sakatA hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 371 "...kheda hai ki/lobhI pApI mAnava/pANigrahaNa ko bhI prANa-grahaNa kA rUpa dete haiN|" (pR.386) manuSya ke vighaTita mUlyoM kI pratichavi kA rUpa ye paMktiyA~ haiM : "ye apane ko batAte/manu kI santAna !/mahAmanA mAnava ! dene kA nAma sunate hI/inake udAra hAthoM meM pakSAghAta ke lakSaNa dikhane lagate haiN|" (pR. 387) kavi ne bAra-bAra isa bAta ko spaSTa karanA cAhA hai ki ahaM ke visarjana ke binA Atma-zuddhi sambhava hI nahIM hai| cetana tattva cintana ke mArga para calakara hI paramatattva-sama banane rUpa lakSya ko prApta kara sakatA hai / vAstava meM darzana zAstra ke zuSka siddhAntoM ko kAvya ke bhAvanApradhAna kalevara meM samAhita karake mAnava mAtra ke lie sampreSaNIya banAne kA prayAsa hI 'mUkamATI' kA uddezya rahA hai| sAMsArika manuSya tathA saMkalpaprajJa jIva dvArA bhavasAgara se ubarane kI sthiti kI sundara vyaMjanA kI hai : "tairane vAlA tairatA hai saravara meM/bhItarI nahIM,/bAharI dRzya dikhate haiM use / vahIM para dUsarA DubakI lagAtA hai,/saravara kA bhItarI bhAga bhAsita hotA hai use,/bahirjagat kA sambandha TUTa jAtA hai|" (pR. 289) isameM darzana aura adhyAtma kI gaharI DUba tathA Upara-Upara tairane ke antara kI sUkSma vyaMjanA hai : "isa yuga ke/do mAnava/apane Apa ko/khonA cAhate haiMeka/bhoga-rAga ko/madya-pAna ko/cunatA hai; aura eka/yoga-tyAga ko/Atma-dhyAna ko/dhunatA hai / kucha hI kSaNoM meM/donoM hote/vikalpoM se mukta |/phir kyA kahanA ! eka zava ke samAna/nirA par3A hai,/aura eka ziva ke samAna/kharA utarA hai|" (pR. 286) saMsAra meM lipta aura saMsAra se virakta, parizuddha AtmA ke inhIM svarUpoM kI vizada vyAkhyA karanA kavi kA dhyeya rahA hai| ___sazakta bhAvoM aura udAtta vicAroM ke dvArA zAzvata satya kA pratipAdana kavizrI ne utanI hI sundara, prAMjala evaM pariSkRta bhASA meM kiyA hai / bhAvoM kI rasasiddha pariNati ke sAtha isa kAvya meM kalAgata saundarya kA maNikAMcana saMyoga huA hai / jaina dharma kI zramaNa saMskRti ke anurUpa isa kAvya kI bhASA meM sAhityika hindI kA tatsama pradhAna saMskRtaniSTha aura pariSkRta rUpa milatA hai / saMskRta ke tatsama rUpoM kI bahulatA ke kAraNa jahA~ bhASA ke stara meM praur3hatA parilakSita hotI hai vahIM bodhagamyatA kI dRSTi se kahIM-kahIM usakA svarUpa jaTila va kliSTa bhI ho gayA hai jisase gambhIra vicAroM kI dArzanika vyAkhyA aura bodhagamyatA meM pAThakoM ko asuvidhA kA anubhava hotA hai, phira bhI kavi kI lekhanI se niHsRta pratyeka zabda prabandhasUtratA meM ba~dha kara mahattvapUrNa ho gayA hai / zabdoM ke pracalita artha ke upayoga ke sAtha zabda kI racanAtmakatA ko vyAkaraNa kI sAna para car3hAkara usakI sUkSma paratoM ko ughAr3A hai aura jina maulika arthoM kI gaveSaNA
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________________ 372 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kI hai vaha kisI camatkAra se kama nahIM hai / aneka zabdoM ke samAna rUpa hone para bhI bhinna artha kI parikalpanAe~ kavi pratibhA kI paricAyaka haiN| naI bhAvabhaMgimA se yukta zabdoM kI vizleSaNa prakriyA pAThaka kI buddhi ko bhI camatkRta kara jAtI hai| zabdoM kI vyutpatti, unake antaraMga arthoM kI jhA~kI aura nae AyAmoM ko chUtI bhASA apanI upamA svayaM bana gaI hai| 'kumbhakAra' zabda ko vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai : " 'kuM' yAnI dharatI/aura/'bha' yAnI bhAgya-/yahA~ para jo bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho/kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai|" (pR. 28) sAhitya zabda ko ina bhAvoM meM paribhASita kiyA hai : "zilpI ke zilpaka-sA~ce meM/sAhitya zabda DhalatA-sA! 'hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai/aura sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai,/artha yaha huA ki jisake avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava - sampAdana ho, sahI sAhitya vahI hai...|" (pR. 110-111) kavi ne zabdoM ke sampUrNa artha kI gaveSaNA ke dvArA bodha kI anubhUti ko AcaraNa meM utArane kI prakriyA ko hI Atmazodha kA rUpa mAnA hai / jar3a ko jar3atva se mukta kara muktAphala kA rUpa denA hI jIvana kA lakSya batAyA hai| kavi ne rasoM kI maulika vyAkhyA prastuta karake prakRti ke upakaraNa SaT RtuoM ke varNana ke dvArA tattva darzana ko rUpAyita kiyA hai / 'utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyayuktaM sat' sUtra ko vyAvahArika bhASA meM anUdita karake sahaja bodhagamya banAyA "AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai/AnA yAnI janana-utpAda hai jAnA yAnI maraNa-vyaya hai/lagA huA yAnI sthira-dhauvya hai aura/hai yAnI cira-sat/yahI satya hai yahI tathya!" (pR. 185) 'mUkamATI' meM mukta chanda kA prayoga hone para bhI usakI bhASA meM eka pravAha hai / gIta va saMgIta kI svara laharI yatra-tatra prasphuTita hotI pratIta hotI hai| Apane saMgIta ke sAta svaroM kI maulika vyAkhyA prastuta kara apanI vidvattA kA paricaya diyA hai : "sAre ga"ma yAnI/sabhI prakAra ke duHkha pa'dha yAnI pada-svabhAva/aura/ni yAnI nahIM, du:kha AtmA kA svabhAva-dharma nahIM ho sktaa|" (pR. 305) puruSArtha se hI manuSya AtmA kA uddhAra kara pAtA hai| ____ kAvya meM alaMkRta bhASA kA prayoga huA hai / bhASA ke sahaja pravAha meM alaMkAra bhAvoM kA anusaraNa karate haiM para kahIM usakA svarUpa bojhila ho gayA hai, phira bhI alaMkAroM kA sahaja saundarya kAvya ko garimA pradAna karatA hai / zabdAlaMkAroM meM yamaka, zleSa evaM anuprAsa kI anvaya zakti ke mAdhyama se naI artha-vyaMjanA kI hai to arthAlaMkAroM meM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 373 upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA, dRSTAnta, udAharaNa, punarukti, vibhAvanA, mAnavIkaraNa, anyokti Adi aneka alaMkAroM kI sundara chaTA bhASA ke rUpa ko saundarya pradAna karatI hai| vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki sampUrNa kAvya rUpaka aura anyokti kI pratIkAtmaka zailI meM likhA gayA hai / pAnI aura machalI, Aga aura lakar3I, kuA~ aura rassI, miTTI aura kumbhakAra ke aneka rUpaka kAvya ke adhyAtmaparaka artha ko vyaMjita karate haiN| kambha aura ave kA rUpakajanita artha hai ki ye saMsAra jIvana ke lie eka saMgharSa-samara hai jisakI agni meM tape binA mAnava apane saMkalpoM meM dRr3ha nahIM ho sktaa| zAnta rasa ke sthAyitva kI vyaMjanA ke dvArA rasAsvAda kI lokottaratA ko IzvarIya Ananda ke samakakSa mAnakara munizrI vidyAsAgara ne zAnta rasa ko zRMgAra se bhI U~cA sthAna diyA hai, kyoMki zRMgAra ke ubhaya pakSa (saMyoga aura viyoga) mana ko azAnta karate haiM jabaki zAnta rasa mana meM Ananda kI anubhUti ko zAzvata banAne meM samartha hai / jIvana aura mRtyu se Upara uThakara hI jIva mukta hotA hai / AcAryazrI ne usa prema ko mahattva diyA hai jo dezakAla kI sImA se mukta satata pravahamAna rahatA hai aura mUlata: ahiMsA kA paryAyavAcI hai| 'mUkamATI' meM prema ke vyApakatva ke AdhAra para hRdaya parivartana kI prakriyA ko jIvanta kiyA hai| - prema aura saundaryAnubhUti ko prakRti ke mAdhyama se vyakta kiyA hai': mAnavIkaraNa : 0 "prAcI ke adharoM para/manda madhurima muskAna hai|" (pR. 1) 0 "lajjA ke ghUghaTa meM/DUbatI-sI kumudinI prabhAkara ke kara-chuvana se/bacanA cAhatI hai vh|" (pR. 2) 0 "taTa svayaM apane karoM meM/gulAba kA hAra lekara svAgata meM khar3A huA hai / " (pR. 479) upamA: "khasakhasa ke dAne-sA/bahuta choTA hotA hai/bar3a kA bIja vaha / " (pR. 7) "dRr3ha-taToM se saMyata,/sarakana-zIlA sritaa-sii|" (pR. 22) ___ "jala meM tairatI-sI/saMvedana karatI hai lekhnii|" (pR. 24) / 0 "nizA ke A~cala meM se jhA~katA/cakita cora-sA!" (pR. 95) "bodha kI jaayaa-sii|" (pR. 119) "kUpa-maNDUka-sI"/sthiti hai merii|" (pR. 67) virodhAbhAsa: 0 0 punarukti : 0 "jala meM janama lekara bhI/jalatI rahI yaha mchlii|" (pR. 85) "phUloM ko chUte nahIM bhagavAn/zUla-dhArI hokara bhii| kAma ko jalAyA hai prabhu ne / " (pR. 103) "ujalI-ujalI jala kI dhArA/bAdaloM se jharatI hai dharA-dhUla meM A dhUmila ho/dala-dala meM badala jAtI hai|" (pR. 8) "binA artha/zilpI ko yaha/arthavAn banA detA hai / " (pR. 27) "sAgara meM jA giratI/lavaNAkara kahalAtI hai| ...viSadhara mukha meM jA/viSa-hAlA meM DhalatI hai|" (pR. 8) vibhAvanA : tadguNa : 0 0
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________________ 374 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA yamaka : 0 "karaNa-gaNa kA para para nahIM,/tana para/niyantraNa-zAsana ho sdaa|" (pR.125) udAharaNa : 0 "babUla ke DhU~Tha kI bhA~ti/mAna kA mUla kar3A hotA hai|" (pR.131) lATAnuprAsa : 0 "kisalaya ye kisalie/kisa laya meM gIta gAte haiN|" (pR.141) . "yahI merI kAmanA hai/ki/AgAmI chorahIna kAla meM basa isa ghaTa meM/kAma nA rahe !" (pR. 77) 0 "mana ke gulAma mAnava kI/jo kAmavRtti hai/tAmasatA kAya-ratA hai vahI sahI mAyane meM/bhItarI kAyaratA hai !" (pR. 94) alaMkAroM kI adbhuta chaTA sampUrNa kAvya ko anokhA saundarya pradAna karatI hai| kavi ne bhASA kI artha-vyaMjanA meM muhAvaroM, lokoktiyoM aura kahAvatoM kA paryApta sahayoga liyA hai| mahAvare : 0 "pUta kA lakSaNa pAlane meM" (pR. 14 evaM482); 0 "sara ke bala para calanA" (pR.151); 0 "dAla na galanA" (pR. 134); 0 "nAka meM dama karanA" (pR. 135) / kahAvata : 0 "choTI ko bar3I machalI/sAbuta nigalatI hai yahA~ / " (pR. 71) . "mu~ha meM rAma/bagala meM churii|" (pR. 72) lokokti : "AdhA bhojana kIjie/duguNA pAnI pIva / tiguNA zrama cauguNI ha~sI/varSa savA sau jIva !" (pR. 133) kavi ne zabdoM ke navIna prayoga ke moha meM bhASA ko jaTila banA diyA hai, jaise- arcA, bhAsvata, cArmika, sparzana, zAstA (patha batAne vAlA), apAya (pIr3A) Adi / kahIM para zabdoM ke viloma krama se navIna artha prastuta kara camatkRta kiyA hai : dharaNI >nIradhaH . ""raNI /nI "ra"dha/nIra ko dhAraNa kare 'so'"dhrnnii|" (pR.453) rAhI>hIrA : "rAhI bananA hI to/hIrA bananA hai / " (pR. 57) rAkha>kharAH "rAkha bane binA/kharA-darzana kahA~ ?" (pR. 57) kucha zabdoM kI naI vyAkhyA kI hai : saMsAra : 0 "sR-dhAtu gati ke artha meM AtI hai,/saM yAnI samIcIna/sAra yAnI sarakanA" jo samyak sarakatA hai/vaha saMsAra kahalAtA hai|/kaal svayaM cakra nahIM hai saMsAra-cakra kA cAlaka hotA hai vh|" (pR. 161) " "maiM do galA"/...maiM dvibhASI hU~/...'maiM" yAnI ahaM ko do galA-kara do samApta / " (pR. 175)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 375 isI prakAra nIra-kSIra ke antara ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai : ___ "nIra kA kSIra bananA hI/varNa-lAbha hai,/varadAna hai |/aur kSIra kA phaTa jAnA hI/varNa-saMkara hai/abhizApa hai|" (pR. 49) gadahA zabda kI bhI naI vyaMjanA kI hai : "gada kA artha hai roga/hA kA artha hai hAraka / " (pR. 40) apane nAma ke anurUpa sabake rogoM kA haraNa karane kI kAmanA karatA hai gadahA, jabaki loka meM vyaMjita artha hai 'ajJAnI aura mUrkha / kavi ne 'mAnavatA' zabda ko bhI nayA bodha pradAna kiyA hai- 'mAnavattA (ahaMkAra) se ghirakara manuSya mAnavatA se gira jAtA hai' (pR.114)| 'mUkamATI' meM kavi ne gaNita vidyA kA camatkAra dikhAkara 9 ke aMka ke mahattva kA pratipAdana adhyAtma ke dharAtala para kiyA hai-jIva darzana kI sUkSma vyAkhyA : " 99 vaha/vighana-mAyA chalanA hai,/kSaya-svabhAva vAlI hai/aura anAtma-tattva kI udyotinI hai;/aura 9 kI saMkhyA yaha saghana chAyA hai/palanA hai, jIvana jisameM palatA hai/akSaya-svabhAva vAlI hai ...saMsAra 99 kA cakkara hai/...bhavika mumukSuoM kI dRSTi meM 99 heya ho aura/dhyeya ho 9/nava-jIvana kA srota !" (pR. 167) isI prakAra 63 kI saMkhyA ke aMkoM kI sthiti se mAnava-mana kI cittavRtti kI vyAkhyA kI hai : "chaha ke mukha ko/tIna dekha rahA hai aura tIna ko sammukha dikha rahA chaha !/eka-dUsare ke sukha-du:kha meM paraspara bhAga lenA/sajjanatA kI pahacAna hai,/...jaba Adarza puruSoM kA vismaraNa hotA hai/taba/63 kA viloma pariNamana hotA hai yAnI/36 kA Agamana hotA hai/...vicAroM kI vikRti hI AcAroM kI prakRti ko/ulaTI karavaTa dilAtI hai|" (pR. 168) isa prakAra kavi kI kAvya pratibhA kA pratiphalana grantha ke hara pRSTha para huA hai| niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki prastuta grantha bhAva evaM kalA donoM dRSTiyoM se anupama pANDitya, pratibhA, buddhi, vilAsa aura mana manthana ke dvArA zuddha Atmatattva rUpI amRta ko prApta karane meM sahAyaka banA hai| pRSTha 47 dugdhakA vikAsa hotA hai.... aMtima kucha krtaa| TANAM
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________________ loka-maMgala kI samAdhi avasthA : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. sureza gautama AcArya vidyAsAgara racita 'mUkamATI' eka vicAra mahAkAvya hai / AcAryazrI kA AdhyAtmika cintana mATI kI mUkatA meM mukhara huA hai / sRSTi ke mUla meM mATI hI hai / mATI kA vyaktitva virAT evaM vyApaka hai / mATI meM hI sahanazIlatA hai, sajjanatA hai aura sRjana kI kSamatA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke mahAkAvyAtmaka vyaktitva ke isa mUkatva ko pahacAnanA apane Apa meM eka tapasyA-sAdhanA hai| munizrI kA vairAgyamukhI mana-jIvana ke vividha gambhIra anubhUti-kSaNoM ke bIca se guz2aratA huA adhyAtma kI sarvonmukhI 'sarve bhavantu sukhina:' ke svaroM ko abhivyakta karatA hai| ___ 'prastavana' meM ThIka kahA gayA hai : "mATI kI tucchatA meM carama bhavyatA ke darzana karake usakI vizuddhatA ke upakrama ko mukti kI maMgala-yAtrA ke rUpaka meM DhAlanA kavitA ko adhyAtma ke sAtha a-bheda kI sthiti meM pahu~cAnA hai|" isameM sandeha nahIM ki "AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara kI kRti 'mUkamATI' mAtra kavi-karma nahIM hai, yaha eka dArzanika santa kI AtmA kA saMgIta hai-santa jo sAdhanA ke jIvanta pratirUpa haiM aura sAdhanA jo Atma-vizuddhi kI maMz2iloM para sAvadhAnI se paga dharatI huI, lokamaMgala ko sAdhatI hai| yaha santa tapasyA se arjita jIvana-darzana ko anubhUti meM racApacAkara sabake hRdaya meM guMjarita kara denA cAhate haiN| nirmala-vANI aura sArthaka sampreSaNa kA jo yoga inake pravacanoM meM prasphuTita hotA hai-usameM mukta chanda kA pravAha aura kAvyAnubhUti kI antaraMga laya samanvita karake AcAryazrI ne ise kAvya kA rUpa diyA hai|" mAnasa-taraMga' isa vicAra mahAkAvya kA AkAza-dIpa hai| yaha AdhyAtmika kAvya asti aura nAsti ke siddhAnta kI sarala vyAkhyA karatA hai / isa mahAkAvya ke sRjana ke mUla meM sRSTi kA kArya-kAraNa bhAva Alokita hai| munizrI kA dArzanika cintana Aja ke vartamAna jIvana kI pIr3AoM, kuNThAoM aura yAtanAoM ke anubhUti-kSaNoM ko sAtha lekara calatA hai / mAnava-jIvana ke vartamAna svarUpa ko dekhakara hI munizrI ne usakI mukti ke lie yaha AdhyAtmika kAvya racA / Izvara hai yA nahIM-AdikAlIna zaMkA hai| isake sAtha hI munizrI ne jaina darzana ko nAstika kahane vAloM ke aneka tarka sapramANa kATa die haiM / munizrI kA pragatizIla cintana jaba ubharatA hai to vaha isa nirNaya para pahu~catA hai : "brahmA ko sRSTi kA kartA, viSNu ko sRSTi kA saMrakSaka aura maheza ko sRSTi kA vinAzaka mAnanA mithyA hai, isa mAnyatA ko chor3anA hI AstikatA hai|" AstikatA kI yaha paribhASA atyanta kaThina hai / isake lie tapasvI tana aura manasvI mana caahie| isakA sAttvika sAnnidhya pAkara rAgAtireka se bharapUra zRMgAra rasa ke jIvana meM bhI vairAgya kA ubhAra AtA hai jisameM laukika alaMkAra alaukika alaMkAroM se alaMkRta hue haiM aura mAnava ko bhoga se yoga kI ora unmukha karanA isa sRjana kA uddezya hai| - isa mahAkAvya kA prArambha sUryodaya ke sundara citraNa se huA hai| yaha prakRti ke mAdhyama se mAnavIya prakRti ko rekhAMkita karane kI kuzala kalA hI hai : "lo !"idhara'!/adha-khulI kamalinI/DUbate cA~da kI cA~danI ko bhI nahIM dekhatI/A~kheM khola kr| IrSyA para vijaya prApta karanA/sabake vaza kI bAta nahIM, aura "/vaha bhI"/strI-paryAya meM-/anahonI-sI"ghaTanA !" (pR. 2) prArambha kI ina paMktiyoM ne hI Aja ke viSama jIvana kI jhA~kI prastuta kara dI hai| IrSyA Aja ke samAja ko khokhalA kara rahI hai| yahA~ kI aMgrez2iyata dekhakara aMgrez2a bhI zaramAte haiN| bhArata kA uddhAra isa pravRtti se nahIM ho sktaa| munizrI kI dRSTi ne vartamAna svarUpa ko bahuta bhItara se pahacAna liyA hai| isIlie miTTI se kahalAyA : "asatya kI sahI pahacAna hI/satya kA avadhAna hai, beTA !" (pR. 9)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 377 pahalA khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' zIrSaka se hai| mATI mA~ ke prati yaha kathana sRSTi ke eka prakRta satya ko ujAgara karatA hai : "prakRti aura puruSa ke / sammilana se / vikRti aura kaluSa ke / saMkulana se bhItara hI bhItara / sUkSma-tama / tIsarI vastu kI / jo racanA hotI hai / " (pR. 15) munizrI kA cintana jIvana ke vyApaka svarUpa ko Alokita karatA hai / isa Aloka meM hI gA~Tha khulatI hai| gA~Tha ko kholanA AsAna nahIM hai / gA~Tha hI rahasya hai| isa rahasya ke lie rassI aura rasanA kA rUpaka atyanta rocaka hai| rahasya kI utkaNThA aura vartamAna kA citra, ina donoM kA samanvaya hI racanA ko zreSTha banAtA hai| taba Aja se sAkSAtkAra ho jAtA hai : "kahA~ taka kaheM aba !/ dharma kA jhaNDA bhI / DaNDA bana jAtA hai zAstra zastra bana jAtA hai / avasara pAkara / " (pR. 73) pahale khaNDa meM mATI aura machalI kA saMvAda kavi ke vicAroM ko prakaTa karatA hai| isa vistRta saMvAda kI prastuta paMktiyA~ sAra prakaTa karatI haiM: : " apane jIvana-kAla meM / chalI machaliyoM se / chalI nahIM bananA viSayoM kI laharoM meM / bhUla kara bhI / mata calI bananA / " (pR. 87) mATI kA yaha vAkya machalI ke lie sandeza hai| isa khaNDa kI eka paMkti kI ora dhyAna cAhatA hU~ jahA~ munizreSTha satyuga aura kaliyuga kA antara spaSTa kiyA hai : "suno beTA ! / yahI / kaliyuga kI sahI pahacAna hai jise / kharA bhI akharA hai sadA / aura / sat - yuga tU use mAna burA bhI / 'bUrA-sA lagA hai sadA / " (pR. 82-83) bhASA kA alaMkRta rUpa bhAva ko prabhAva de gayA hai| aisI sUktiyA~ isa mahAkAvya kI ananta nidhiyA~ haiM / ke AdamI kI tasvIra hai isa pahacAna meM / azikSA yA AdhyAtmika ruci ke prabhAva meM Aja yaha mahAkAvya jitane manoM meM isa pahacAna kI zakti de jAya, utanA hI puNya hai| zilpI ne machalI ko yathAsthAna bhejakara jIvana ke eka pakSa para pardA girA diyA hai| dUsarA khaNDa 'zabda aura bodha' kA avicchinna aura anavicchinna bodha hI vAk aura artha kA samanvaya hai / isameM paurvAtya aura pAzcAtya sabhyatA kA spaSTa svarUpa hai| isa kavi-manISI ne manuSya ko samagra dRSTi se dekhA hai| pU~jIpati, rAjanIti, sAhitya Adi sabhI para vicAra kiyA hai| mATI ke isa gambhIra cintana meM eka digvastrI santakavi ke ekAnta kSaNoM meM pavitra jIvana dRSTi Alokita ho uThI hai| mATI ke mAdhyama se itanA bar3A mahAkAvya isa jIvana kI mahAnatA ko prakaTa karatA hai jo use isa rUpa meM jI sakatA hai vaha jIvana kitanA Adarza hogA, yaha zabdAtIta hai| zailI meM koI pratibandha nahIM hai / svatantra abhivyakti sAdhanA kI tapana se aura camaka uThI hai| mahAkAvya kI bhASA sAhityika aura prakAzana sundara hai / mAnavamukti ke isa bhojapatra 'mUkamATI' meM loka maMgala kI samAdhi avasthA kI brahma anubhUtiyA~ haiM jo munizreSTha ke anusandhAnacintana kA akSata-akSara rUpa haiN| akSara - deha meM gU~jatI 'mUkamATI' pAradarzI AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra hai, jise munizrI ne loka aura paraloka ke bIca setu banA diyA hai| hama isa kastUrI gandha se sAkSAtkRta hokara mukti-parva manAe~ yahI isa grantha kA mahAkAvyAtmaka uddezya-bodha hai| 'puNyoM kA pAlana' aura 'pApoM kA prakSAlana' isI kA dUsarA pakSa hai, ataH cintaka AcAryazreSTha zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne bilkula ThIka kahA hai 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM / '
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : dArzanika cetanA kA cArutama nidarzana DaoN. rAmanareza santa AcArya vidyAsAgara kRta 'mUkamATI' dArzanika cetanA kA zreSThatara kAvya kalevara meM cArutama nidarzana hai| mATI jaisI sAmAnya viSaya vastu mahAkAvyAtmaka garimA kI sArthakatA pradAna karanA, sAdhaka kI sahaja siddhi kA apratima pramANa hai / samarpita santoM kI tapa:pUta vANI unakI AtmA kA anahada saMgIta hotI hai / use kAvya ke pAramparika pratimAnoM ke nikaSa para parakhanA nyAyocita na hogA / 'santa vANI' kA uddezya, kAvyazAstrIya siddhi kA pradarzana nahIM hotA, kalAtmaka camatkAra bhI nahIM hotA / usake mUla pradeya kA mUlyAMkana jIvanAnubhUti ke dArzanika rUpAntaraNa ke svarUpa meM hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| tathApi santa vANI kAvya ke apekSita upAdAnoM se sarvathA zUnya hotI hai, sAhitya kA itihAsa isa dhAraNA kI AMzika rUpa se bhI puSTi nahIM kara sktaa| loka-maMgala kI ananya niSThA aura AcaraNa kI zucitA vA sahaja alaMkaraNa haiM, kavitA ke arthavAn pratimAna haiN| 'mUkamATI' kA kRtikAra bhAratIya santa paramparA kA ujjvala ratna hai| usakA vANI vidhAna sAhitya kI mahAn nidhi hai / bhArata kI vaicArika cetanA kA pravAha mukhyata: do dhArAoM meM lakSita kiyA jA sakatA hai| prathamavarNAzramadharmAnumodita aura dvitIya isake samAntara varNa-jAti nirapekSa samatAmUlaka pravAha / ina donoM dhArAoM kI pRthak-pRthak aneka zAkhAe~-upazAkhAe~ haiM / sabakI apanI-apanI zreSThatama upalabdhiyA~ haiM / inakI sImAe~ bhI rekhAMkita kI jA sakatI haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki dUsarI dhArA Adhunika aura navIna jIvana-mUlyoM ke adhika nikaTa hai, adhika zAzvata hai / parimANa meM dekhA jAya to prathama dhArA ko upajIvya mAnakara AdhunikIkRta, santulita, samanvita aura viveka sammata grAhyatA kI dRSTi se race gae kAvyoM kI paramparA adhika samRddha hai| yaha hamAre deza kI sAmAjika saMracanA kA svAbhAvika pratiphalana hai / parantu ina kRtiyoM ke anuzIlana se yaha suspaSTa ho jAtA hai ki isa dhArA ne dUsarI dhArA kI vicArormiyoM ko adhikAdhika AtmasAt kara liyA hai| merA vicAra hai ki svatantra rUpa se dUsarI dhArA para AdhRta kRtiyoM meM 'mUkamATI' kA sthAna anyatama hai / jIvana-jagat ko jisa nirapekSa aura vastuniSTha dharAtala para udAttatA ke sAtha AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne 'mUkamATI' pratiSThita kiyA hai, vaha unakI tapazcaryA aura unake zreSTha dhArmika pariveza kA zubhra pratIka hai| unake dvArA nirUpita AtmA kI 'mukti yAtrA' mAnava kI 'jaya yAtrA' kA paryAya hai| kRtikAra ne darzana ke gUr3hatama aura durbodha rahasyoM ko loka prakRti ke suparicita upamAnoM kA Azraya lekara sugama aura subodha rUpa meM preSaNIya banA diyA hai / 'mUkamATI' kA yaha vaiziSTya yatra-tatra - sarvatra draSTavya hai / 'mUkamATI' meM sAmAjika-sAMskRtika paramparAoM ke arthavAhaka zabdoM se navIna udbhAvanAoM kA sRjana kiyA gayA hai / yaha kavi dvArA 'dUra kI kaur3I' lAne kA prayAsa nahIM hai| zabda - krIDA kA kautuka nahIM hai| yahA~ zabdoM ko arthavAn gAmbhIrya milA hai| yaha AcAryajI ke santocita vyaktitva ke sarvathA yogya hai / merA vizvAsa hai 'mUkamATI' jaisI divya kRti ke adhikAdhika prasAra se jIvana-jagat meM vyApta sarvagrAsI bhautikatAvAdI andhakAra vidIrNa hogA aura mAnavatA kA zreSTha pantha prazasta hogA / 'mUkamATI' nissandeha naitika mUlyoM hrAsamAna yuga ko naI saMjIvanI zakti se anuprANita karane meM samartha hai| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI yaha kRti manuSya mAtra ko mAnavatA ke svarNa zikhara sparza karane ke lie sadaiva utprerita karatI rhegii| 0
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________________ mahAkAvya-paramparA kI amara kRti 'mUkamATI' meM rASTrIya ekatA ke svara DaoN. bArelAla jaina jana, bhUmi aura saMskRti milakara rASTra kI parikalpanA karate haiN| rASTra kA adhikAMza svarUpa bhAvAtmaka hai| jana surakSita raheM, bhUmi pavitra rahe aura saMskRti bhavya evaM pAvana rahe, yahI rASTrIya ekatA hai / yahI rASTra kI saccI pUjA hai| rASTrIya ekIkaraNa kA artha hai kisI deza ke nivAsiyoM meM bhAvAtmaka ekatA kA honA / Apasa meM prema kI bhAvanA rASTrIyatA kI jar3oM ko majabUta karatI hai| rASTrIya ekatA kI talAza hama aise saMkramaNa kAla meM kara rahe haiM jaba dogalI aura svacchanda rAjanIti kA bolabAlA hai / sarvatra hI dhanatantra kA sAmrAjya hai tathA padalipsA kA ghinaunA daura hai / jAtIya saMskRti meM jahA~ hamane sArthaka samAdhAna khojane kA asaphala prayAsa kiyA hai, vahIM hamArI dUSita manovRttiyoM ne dharma ke vikRta rUpa ko lekara madAndhatA ke Agoza meM sRSTi kI sarvottama ikAI manuSya aura prakRti kA dohana karanA zurU kara diyA hai / isase cAroM ora kalaha, zItayuddha, gumarAha hone kA zora hai / jAna-mAla kI surakSA para bhayaMkara AtaMka hai / siraphire aura svArthI asAmAjika tattvoM dvArA pRthak rAjya banAne kA krUra Andolana hotA hai, jisase Arthika evaM janahAni ke kAraNa sAmUhika vikAsa zUnya ho gayA aura sar3akoM para A gayA hai / satyAgrahI saMyamI, anuzAsita aura kSamAzIla vyaktitva hAzie para cale gae haiN| svArthI loga zAsana aura sattA ke kendra meM basa gae haiM jo sirpha jhUThe, lekina mIThe bhASaNa dekara jana-zoSaNa meM lage hue haiN| aise kSaNoM meM rASTrIya sAhitya kI AvazyakatA eka punIta karma hai, kyoMki usameM nihita ekatA ke sUtra hI jana, bhUmi, saMskRti ke svarUpa ko sthiratA pradAna kara sakate haiN| jo rAjanIti sirpha pada aura paise ke lie, svayaM ke lie aizvaryazAlI jIvana jIne ke khAtira mAnavatA kA galA taka ghoMTa detI hai, use aba badalanA pdd'egaa| aisA samAjavAda lAnA hogA jo vAstava meM AcAra-vicAra meM pAvanatama ho, jo vikAsa aura vinamratA ke daravAje kholatA ho tathA sabake lie samAna avasara aura nyAya kI bAta karatA ho| isI talAza meM jo rASTrIya sAhityakAra svatantratA, samAnatA, sadbhAva, paraspara sahayoga aura zAnti kI surakSA meM apane svaroM kI gati de sake haiM, unameM bhAratendu harizcandra, paM. sUryakAnta tripAThI 'nirAlA', maithilIzaraNa gupta, jayazaMkara prasAda, bAlakRSNa zarmA 'navIna', subhadrAkumArI cauhAna Adi pramukha haiM / madhyayuga ke bhakta aura kaviyoM meM kabIra, dAda, nAnaka Adi ke kAvya meM rASTrIya ekatA, akhaNDatA ke svara sunAI par3ate haiN| AcArya vidyAsAgara vartamAna samaya ke digambara jainAcArya haiM / ve karnATaka prAnta meM avasthita belagAma jile ke sadalagA grAma ke nikaTavartI grAma 'cikkor3I' meM 10 akTUbara, 1946 I. ko zrI mallappAjI aSTage tathA zrImatI zrImatIjI aSTage ke dvitIya putra ke rUpa meM janma lekara 'vidyAdhara' ke nAma se jAne ge| bAda meM yaha virAT vyaktitva apane parama guruvara jainAcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja kI caraNa-raja meM tyAga, tapasyA, sAdhanA, saMyama, anuzAsana, dhairya, dayA, kSamA Adi guNoM ko dhAraNa karate hue guruprasAda se santa-kavi AcArya vidyAsAgara bne| rASTrIya ekatA ke mArga meM sabase bar3I bAdhA mAnava meM prema aura dayA kI bhAvanA kA abhAva honA hai| prema aura dayA se zUnya vyakti pASANa-hRdaya ho jAtA hai aura bhAvanAtmaka ekatA ke svarUpa meM vikRti lAtA hai| aura phira eka khela zurU ho jAtA hai svArthatA, lipsA, AtaMka kA, apane ko pratiSThita karane kA, dUsare ke avamUlyana kA-jo vinAza kI kagAra taka le jAtA hai / isI sandarbha ko ukerate hue AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kahate haiM : "dharatI ke prati vaira-vaimanasya-bhAva/guruoM ke prati garvIlI dRSTi
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________________ 380 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sabako adhIna rakhane kI/adamya AkAMkSA sarva-bhakSiNI vRtti"|" (pR. 224-225) isa vikhaNDana kI sthiti ko rokane ke lie mAnava-mUlyoM ke rakSArtha AcAryazrI ne eka sArthaka sandeza diyA hai : "apanA hI na aMkana ho/para kA bhI mUlyAMkana ho, para, isa bAta para bhI dhyAna rahe/para kI kabhI na vAMchana ho para para kabhI na lAMchana ho!" (pR. 149) aura isa prakAra manuSya ke 'sadaya' (pR. 149) hone kI bhAvanA hI rASTrIya ekatA ke svarUpa ko surakSita rakha skegii| sAmpradAyikatA kI bhAvanA : sAmpradAyikatA kI bhAvanA deza ke Antarika aura bAhya svarUpa ko khaNDita karatI hai| isa bhAvanA ke vazIbhUta ho vyakti apane ko dUsaroM se zreSTha ThaharAne kA prayAsa karatA hai, jisase jAtIya saMgharSa paidA hotA hai / taba dharma ke vikRta pakSa ke A jAne se dharma kA jhaNDA bhI DaNDA bana jAtA hai jo logoM para amAnavIya aura hiMsaka kArya karatA hai (pR.73)| hiMsA, daMgA-fasAda, tanAva aura vinAza sAmpradAyikatA ke kAraNa hI hote haiM, jisase Arthika hAni ke sAtha hI sAtha rASTrIya asmitA bhI khatare meM par3atI hai / AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne isa sAmpradAyikatA se nijAta pAne ke lie mAnava ko Atmadharma pAlane kI zikSA dI hai| unhoMne sabhI ke uddhAra aura AtmA meM hI paramAtmA kA nivAsa hai, batAkara dharma ke vitaNDAvAda ko rokane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| Apane sAmpradAyika sadbhAva ke lie zarIra, vANI, mana ko samatA se sudhArane ke sandeza ko mukharita kiyA hai, jo rASTrIya ekatA kA sundara kavaca hai / ve kahate haiM ki jo apane ko bar3A aura zreSTha kahatA hai vaha dharma ke vAstavika svarUpa ko nahIM pahacAnatA / AcAryazrI ke anusAra saccA dharma vahI hai, jisameM hiMsA nahIM hai| sAmAjika samAnatA kI mAnavatA : sRSTi kI sarvottama ikAI manuSya hai / manuSya ke bagaira kucha bhI sArthaka nhiiN| manuSya ne dambha aura ajJAna ke vazIbhUta hokara paraspara apane hI bIca amIra-garIba, strI-puruSa, U~ca-nIca kI vibhAjaka rekhA khIMca lI hai, jisase sAmAjika svarUpa gar3abar3A gayA hai aura rASTra vikhaNDana kI sthiti meM aura nIce calA gayA hai / AcAryazrI ne isa vibhAjaka rekhA ko pATane ke lie 'mUkamATI' meM svara die haiM : "parivAra kI zaraNa meM jAnA hI/patavAra ko pAnA hai aura/apAra kA pAra pAnA hai|" (pR. 472) Arthika asamAnatA samApta karane ke lie unhoMne 'dhana-saMgraha' kI vRtti para virodha jatAyA hai aura samucita vitaraNa vyavasthA kI ora saMketa kiyA hai : "aba dhana-saMgraha nahIM,/jana-saMgraha karo!/aura/lobha ke vazIbhUta ho aMdhAdhundha saMkalita kA/samucita vitaraNa kro|" (pR. 467) rAjanaitika ekatA aura paraspara sahayoga kA bhAva : Aja ke bhIr3atantra meM arAjakatA kA pramukha kAraNa rAjanaitika visaMgatiyA~ haiM, jisameM dalitoM evaM alpasaMkhyakoM ke prati pUrI sahAnubhUti nahIM hai| sirpha voTa baiMka ke lie 'ArakSaNa' jaisI suvidhA hai / vaha bhI ayogyatA kA varaNa aura yogyatA kA haraNa karane vAlI hai : "prAya: bahumata kA pariNAma/yahI to hotA hai,
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________________ pAtra bhI apAtra kI koTi meM AtA hai / " (pR. 382) inhIM kAraNoM se sAmAjika asantoSa bhar3akatA hai, garIba AdamI ko nyAya vilamba se milatA hai jo anyAya ke barAbara hI hai : mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 381 0 yahA~ aparAdhI baca nikalate haiM, niraparAdhI piTa jAte haiM (pR. 271) / isa kAraNa bhI rASTrIya ekatA khatare meM hai / svayaM rAjanItijJa, sattAdhIza apane lie sukha-suvidhA juTAkara samAja / janatA ko pIche rakhate haiM (pR. 460 - 461) / svayaM vetana-bhogI haiM (pR. 123) phira rASTrIyatA kA svarUpa kaise rahegA ? vastutaH lokatantra meM samAjavAda kA artha 'pracAraprasAra se dUra, prazasta AcAra-vicAra vAloM kA jIvana hI samAjavAda hai' (pR. 461) / ata: rAjanItika sattAdhAriyoM ko cAhie ki ve 'zUlazIlA jIvana ko varaNa kareM aura pada- lipsA kI bhAvanA se dUra rheN| O " AzAtIta vilamba ke kAraNa / anyAya nyAya - sA nahIM nyAya anyAya-sA lagatA hI hai| / aura yahI huA isa yuga meM isa ke sAtha / " (pR. 272 ) " zAstA kI zAsana - zayyA phUlavatI nahIM / zUla zIlA ho, / anyathA, rAjasattA vaha rAjasatA kI / rAnI - rAjadhAnI banegI / " (pR. 104 ) " padavAle hI padopalabdhi hetu / para ko pada - dalita karate haiM, pApa-pAkhaNDa karate haiN| / prabhu se prArthanA hai ki / apada hI bane raheM hama ! jitane bhI pada haiM / vaha vipadAoM ke Aspada haiN|" (pR. 434) rAjanItijJoM ko cAhie ki ve dalita varga, alpasaMkhyakoM ko sAttvika saMskAroM se otaprota kara rASTrIya meM lAne ke lie sahAnubhUti rakheM : mukhyadhArA ... jo / pada - dalita hue haiM / kisI bhA~ti, / ura se sarakate - sarakate una taka pahu~ca kara / unheM ura se cipakAyA hai, / prema se unheM pucakArA hai, unake ghAvoM ko sahalAyA hai / " (pR. 433) lokatantra meM AsthA : lokatantra kI sthApanA se hI sAmAjika nyAya aura samAnatA kI bAta phalIbhUta hotI hai / svatantratA aura vikAsa ke bIja lokatantrIya vyavasthA meM hI nihita hote haiN| zoSaNa aura anAcAra se mukti bhI isI praNAlI meM milatI hai / AcArya vidyAsAgara lokatantra meM AsthA rakhate hue 'bhI' saMskRti kA guNagAna karate haiM : "loka meM lokatantra kA nIr3a / taba taka surakSita rahegA jaba taka 'bhI' zvAsa letA rahegA / / 'bhI' se svacchandatA - madAndhatA miTatI hai svatantratA ke svapna sAkAra hote haiM, / sadvicAra sadAcAra ke bIja 'bhI' meM haiM, 'hI' meM nahIM / " (pR. 173 ) jAtigata antarvirodhoM kA anta : rASTrIya ekatA ke mArga meM bAdhaka tattva jAtigata bhedabhAva kI sthApanA bhI hai| sabhI mAnavoM meM eka hI AtmA kA vAsa hai, eka hI jaisA khUna hai phira jAtigata bhedabhAva kyoM ? AcArya vidyAsAgarajI
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________________ 382 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ne jAtigata bhedabhAva sambandhI tattvoM ko nirutsAhita karate hue kahA hai ki jo ucca karma karatA hai, vahI ucca ta arthAt sahI AdamI hai / unhoMne AcaraNa ko hI pramukha mAnA hai aura kahA hai : "gAta kI ho yA jAta kI, /eka hI bAta hai - / hamameM aura mATI meM samatA - sadRzatA hai / ... varNa kA Azaya / na raMga se hai / na hI aMga se varan/ cAla-caraNa, DhaMga se hai|" (pR. 46-47) svatantratA kI bhAvanA : jahA~ paratantratA bandhana hai, duHkha hai, a~dherA hai vahA~ paratantra vyakti dAsatA ke ghere meM rahakara svayaM avikasita rahatA hai, phira vaha samAja / rASTra ke vikAsa meM kyoM yogadAna degA ? vahIM, svatantratA sukha hai, prakAza kI kiraNa hai, vikAsa kI sambhAvanA hai, astu / AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne 'svatantratA' kI bhAvanA ko rASTroddhAra kI sIr3hI mAnA hai aura kahA hai : "yahA~ / bandhana rucatA kise ? / mujhe bhI priya hai svatantratA/ tabhI "to" kisI ke bhI bandhana meM / ba~dhanA nahIM cAhatA maiM, / na hI kisI ko bA~dhanA cAhatA huuN|" (pR. 442) ApasI prema aura sadbhAva : alagAvavAdI pravRttiyoM ke kAraNa hI rASTra kA kSitija starahIna huA hai, bikharane ke kagAra para AyA hai| apaharaNa, hatyA, vyabhicAra jaise ghinaune kRtya alagAvavAda kI hI ghRNita pravRtti se upaje haiM, jo rASTrIya ekatA ko chitara-bitara karate haiM / AcAryazrI paraspara lagAva kI bhAvanA ko protsAhana dete hue kahate haiM : 'alagAva se lagAva kI ora / ekIkaraNa kA AvirbhAva aura/ phUla rahI hai mATI / " (pR. 89) 66 rASTra-prema kI bhAvanA : jaba taka manuSya apanI dharatI, rASTra, saMskRti se prema, bhakti kI bhAvanA nahIM rakhegA, taba taka deza khuzahAla aura unnatimaya nahIM ho skegaa| rASTra aura rAjA ke prati sammAna kI bhAvanA, rAjA dvArA prajA ke sAtha putravat kAmanA hI rASTrIya asmitA ko barakarAra rakha sakatI hai| isI taraha se dharatI ke prati anurAga kI ora Apane saMketa kiyA hai / isa sambandha meM AcAryazrI kahate haiM : "dharatI kI pratiSThA banI rahe, aura / hama sabakI dharatI meM niSThA ghanI rahe, basa / " (pR. 262 ) zikSA aura bhASA kI dRSTi se ekatA meM vikAsa : zikSAvihIna nara pazutulya hai| zikSA ke hI sAe meM mAnava kI manovRttiyoM kA vikAsa hotA hai / use Atmika zAnti prApta hotI hai / zikSA kI avadhAraNA kA artha ajJAna rUpI a~dhere meM prakAza lAnA hai| acchI zikSA AtmanirbharatA, cAritratA, dezaprema aura mokSa prApti Adi kA kAraNa hai / AcAryazrI kahate haiM jo zikSA ke artha ko nahIM jAnate haiM, ve du:khI rahate haiM / ajJAnI rASTra ke vikAsa meM bAdhaka haiM / anuzAsana, brahmacarya, pUrNa sevA, tyAga, zAkAhAra jaise udAtta guNoM se bharapUra 'gurukulI zikSA' ko prAthamikatA dete hue AcAryazrI ne zikSArthI ko "jJAnI bano sahaja pAkara uccazikSA" jaise vAkya prasArita kie haiN| isI prakAra bhASAgata udAratA kA paricaya Apake anya kAvyoM meM bhI hai / kisI rASTra ke svarUpa ko zAzvata banAe rakhane ke lie eka samparka
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 383 bhASA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai jo bhAvAtmaka rUpa se sampUrNa rASTra ko ekatA ke sUtra meM bA~dhatI hai| mAtRbhASA ke jarie hI hama madhura, sarala aura suSThu vAtAvaraNa taiyAra kara sakate haiN| karma-AdhArita samAja : bekArI kI samasyA ke kAraNa hI rASTra apane mUla patha se bhaTaka rahA hai| isakA pramukha kAraNa udarapUrti ke lie hita-sAdhana banI zikSA-vyavasthA, jo sirpha DigriyA~ dekara logoM meM berojagArI paidA kara rahI hai aura kucha loga to binA mehanata kie hI ArAma se rahanA cAha rahe haiN| yahI vajaha hai ki hama svayaM dina-pratidina kamaz2ora hokara rASTra ko kamaz2ora kara rahe haiN| isIlie unhoMne karma AdhArita saMskRti kA stutigAna kiyA hai : "parizrama karo/pasInA bahAo/bAhubala milA hai tumheN|" (pR. 211-212) Aja deza meM alagAvavAda, berojagArI, AtaMkavAda, sAmpradAyikatA jaisI ghAtaka samasyAe~ banI huI haiN| yadi samaya rahate inake nirAkaraNa kI ora dhyAna nahIM diyA gayA to ye viSavela kI taraha aisI phaila jAe~gI ki sArA vAtAvaraNa hI viSAkta ho jaaegaa| AcAryazrI kahate haiM jaba taka AtaMkavAda jIvita hai, zAnti kA zvAsa lenA kaThina hai' (pR.441)| isIlie isake mukAbale ke lie ve jana-samarthana ke sAtha hI buddhijIviyoM kA AhvAna karate haiM : "ye A~kheM aba/AtaMkavAda ko dekha nahIM sakatIM,/ye kAna aba AtaMka kA nAma suna nahIM sakate,/yaha jIvana bhI kRta-saMkalpita hai ki usakA rahe yA isakA/yahA~ astitva eka kA rhegaa|" (pR. 440) andhavizvAsoM-rUr3hiyoM-kurItiyoM kA virodha : deza ke vikAsa meM kurItiyA~ aura rUr3hiyA~ bAdhaka tattva haiM / AcAryazrI ne nArI-cetanA ke svaroM ko gati dete hue daheja jaisI kurIti ko abhizapta mAnA hai| "...kheda hai ki/lobhI pApI mAnava/pANigrahaNa ko bhI prANa-grahaNa kA rUpa dete haiN|" (pR.386) isake sAtha hI rUr3hiyA~ bhI hameM vinAza kI ora le jAtI haiM / pApa karake puNya kI bAta karanA kahA~ kI buddhimAnI hai? vastuta: yaha to vinAza kI rAha hai| ____ isa prakAra AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara ke kAvya meM hameM rASTrIya ekatA ke svara sunAI par3ate haiN| mAnavatA kI rakSArtha aura rASTrIya ekatA tathA dharatI, saMskRti (bhAratIya saMskRti) ke guNagAna meM unakI dezabhakti kI bhAvanA prabala dikhAI par3atI hai / ApakA samUcA sAhitya hI rASTrIya bhAvanAoM se otaprota hai / ve kahate haiM ki kalA mAtra se jIvana meM sukhazAnti-sampannatA AtI hai ' (pR.396) / aura 'sAhitya vaha hai jisase sukha kA samudbhava-sampAdana ho, sahI sAhitya vahI haiM' (pR.111) / Apake kAvya meM mAtRbhAvanA tathA jIva-kalyANa bhAvanA kI dRSTi bhI vidyamAna hai : "yahA~ "saba kA sadA/jIvana bane maMgalamaya/chA jAve sukha-chA~va, sabake saba TaleM-/amaMgala-bhAva / " (pR. 478) ApakA kAvya kSamA aura prema kA kAvya hai : "kSamA karatA hU~ sabako,/kSamA cAhatA hU~ sabase, sabase sadA-sahaja basa/maitrI rahe merI !" (pR. 105)
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________________ 384 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA strI-cetanA ke svara bhI Apake kAvya meM dekhe jA sakate haiM : "jo/'maha' yAnI maMgalamaya mAhaula,/mahotsava jIvana meM lAtI hai 'mahilA' kahalAtI vh|" (pR. 202) AcArya vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja kA 'mUkamATI' kAvya rASTrIya cetanA se sampRkta kAvya hai / isameM bhArata kI prAcIna mUlya-sampadA, svaccha rAjanIti, mAnava-kalyANa, dharma, Adarza, samAjavAda vyavasthA aura sAMskRtika dharohara kI amiTa citra-chaviyA~ aMkita haiN| saMskRta meM chaha zatakam, rASTrabhASA meM sAta zataka saMgraha, pA~ca kAvya saMgraha aura eka kAlajayI 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya, lagabhaga paccIsa-tIsa granthoM ke padyAnuvAda-kAvyAnuvAda saMgraha tathA aneka pravacana saMgraha, sphuTagIta, kavitAoM ke sarjaka muni vidyAsAgarajI digambara jaina santa haiM / Apane apane kAvya ke mAdhyama se rASTrIya ekatA ke khataroM ko sAvadhAnIpUrvaka samAja, rASTra ke samakSa rakhA hai| dharma ke vitaNDAvAda, viDambanAoM se rASTrIya ekatA khaNDita hotI hai| vargavAdI saMskRti se bhI deza kI asmitA ko khatarA hai| svArthapUrNa nItiyA~, saMkIrNa soca aura rAjanItika tuSTIkaraNa kI bhAvanA bhI rASTrIyatA ko coTa pahu~cAtI hai / isIlie Apa ne likhA hai ki ekatA ke lie jarUrata hai ki hama pahile manuSya baneM aura mAnavatA kA vikAsa kreN| zikSA nIti meM sadguNoM aura zrama niSThA vAle pAThyakrama rakhe jAe~ / lokatantra kI nIti deza ke prati bahumAna, gaurava evaM apanatva kI bhAvanAoM ke dvArA hI surakSita rhegii| 'mUkamATI' - eka mUlyAMkana mAnava-mUlyoM kI mahimA se maNDita, mahAkAvyoM kI paramparA meM mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi ke rUpa meM 'mUkamATI' kA sRjana santa-kavi AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI jIvanta AsthA aura sAdhanA kA pratIka hai| ___mATI ko AdhAra banAkara AcAryazrI ne apanI sAdhanA se prasUta bhAvoM ko kalpanA ke raMga meM raMgakara, yugIna prasaMgoM ko prastuta kara yuga-citraNa kI jhA~kI ko citrita kiyA hai jo mAnavatAvAdI jIvana-dRSTi se prerita hokara bhAratIya saMskRti aura jIvana cetanA ke svaroM ko udghoSita karatI hai / 'mahAkAvya' rASTrIyatA, bhakti, mAnavIya saMvedanA ke bhAvoM, mAnava kI paripUrNatA hetu AdhAra, pavitra, zAzvata saMskRti ke mUlyoM se paripUrita racanA hotI hai / ina dRSTiyoM kA pratipAdana hama 'mUkamATI' meM dekhate haiN| kahanA cAhie samagratA se sAkSAtkAra kA bolabAlA 'mUkamATI' meM hai| vijJAna kI pragati ne mAnava ko adhikAdhika suvidhAe~ dene kA prayAsa kiyA, lekina usake durupayoga meM jisa jahara kA nirmANa huA, usase jIvana ke hara kSetra meM aneka duSpravRttiyA~ praveza kara gaIM aura sukha kI jagaha tanAva, zAnti kI jagaha klAnti dina-pratidina bar3hatI gaI, phalasvarUpa sirpha vedanA kI anubhUti ke sivAya kucha aura nahIM rahA / sAhitya aisI hI samasyAoM ke prati sajaga aura samAdhAna ke lie satata prayAsarata rahA hai / AcAryazrI kA yaha sRjana bhI usI khoja kA prayoga hai / yugIna prasaMgoM ko mahAkAvyAtmaka AdhAra dekara unhoMne jisa racanA phalaka kA nirmANa kiyA hai, usameM unakI antardRSTi sadaiva satya ko hI pakar3e rahI hai| asatya, anAsthA, hiMsA, vyabhicAra, parigraha, anIti Adi se utpanna duHkha aura tanAvagrasta yathArtha kA citraNa karake unhoMne AsthA, vizvAsa, zraddhA, sAdhanA, anuzAsana, prema, samatA, zIla Adi kA Adarza citra hamAre sAmane rakhakara Atmika sukha-zAnti dene kA prayAsa kiyA hai| becaina mATI apane patita-dalita rUpa se Upara uTha sArthaka jIvana meM DhalanA cAhatI hai / mA~ dharatI use zraddhA, AsthA, anuzAsana, samarpaNa, sAdhanA kI zikSA detI hai / kathAnAyaka kumbhakAra saMkara doSa vAraNa kara varNalAbha detA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 385 hai| mATI se kumbha nirmANa prakriyA meM mATI ko upasarga sahane par3ate haiN| vaha nirantara saMgharSa kara apane mUla rUpa (maMz2ila) ko prApta hotI hai / kathAnAyaka kI yahIM sArthakatA siddha hotI hai / bIca-bIca meM aneka pAtroM ke saMvAda mAnava ko tyAga, sevA, samatA, ahiMsA, satya, zIla, parizrama, prema Adi rUpa aneka saMskAra-zikSAe~ dete haiM to yahIM para paryAvaraNavAda, nArIvAda, adhyAtmavAda kI aneka ulajhI samasyAe~ sulajhI huI yugIna pariveza meM prastuta huI haiN| kathA kahate-kahate jIvana ke aneka rUpoM ko rUpAyita kiyA hai kavi ne / samAjavAda ke vAstavika rUpa kI vyAkhyA, dharma kI mahattA, AtaMkavAda kI samasyA, rAjanIti, arthanIti ke vAstavika tathyoM kA itanA sundara varNana kiyA hai ki 'mUkamATI' ko Adyanta bAra-bAra par3hane mana ho uThatA hai / yahI kavitA kI sArthakatA bhI hai / dhArA kI gati kI dizA meM calanA jitanA sarala hai, usake viparIta calanA utanA hI kaThina bhii| 'mUkamATI' meM aise hI virodhI praznoM kA samAdhAna hai jo hameM darpaNa kI bhA~ti sukhamaya vartamAna aura bhaviSya kI jhalaka dete haiN| upabhoktA saMskRti ke vikAsa meM mAnava-mUlyoM kA jo hrAsa huA hai usase mAnava-cetanA svArthI aura saMkucita gheroM meM ghirakara vyaktivAdI tathA avasaravAdI ho jAne se kuNThita ho gaI hai| arthalolupatA meM bhAvanAe~ kutsita ho gaI haiM, phalasvarUpa sAmAjika vidrUpatAe~, dhArmika madAndhatAe~, Arthika asamAnatAe~, rAjanaitika viSamatAe~, pArivArika vizRMkhalatAe~ Adi aneka arAjakatAe~ surasA kI taraha mu~ha bAye khar3I hotI jA rahI haiN| AcAryazrI ne inhIM samasyAoM ke samAdhAna meM apanI pahacAna banAI hai| 'mUkamATI'kAra ne mahAkavi dinakara ke zabdoM ko - "jo mahAkavi yuga kI aneka vegavanta dhArAoM ke lie sAgara kA nirmANa kare, usI kA mahAkAvya likhane kA prayAsa saphala rahatA hai" - pUrNatayA samAhita kara liyA hai| AcAryazrI ne bhogavAdI saMskRti - pravRtti meM mAnava aura prakRti donoM kA hI vartamAna evaM bhaviSya vikRta dekhA hai| tabhI Apane yogavAdI saMskRti (bhAratIya saMskRti) kA yazogAna gAyA hai, jo mahAmAnava kI pUrNa kalpanA kI antima dazA bhI hai| ___ pratyeka prANI kA antima dhyeya sukha kI prApti hai / vaha duHkha se chuTakArA cAhatA hai, lekina use moha, mAyA, mAna, lobha, krodha, kAma Adi vRttiyA~ sukha kI ora agrasara nahIM hone detIM / inhIM vRttiyoM ke tyAgane tathA tapa, tyAga aura sAdhanA Adi ke dvArA lakSya kI prApti kI jA sakatI hai| vidyAsAgarajI ne inhIM sandezoM kA zaMkhanAda kiyA hai / aise hI sandeza vaira, paratantratA, pU~jIvAda, akarmaNyatA Adi ko samUla naSTa kara sakate haiM : ___ "para ko parakha rahe ho/apane ko to parakho ''jarA ! parIkSA lo apanI aba!" (pR. 303) tIra milatA nahIM taire, Aga kI nadI pAra karanI hogI, saMyama kI rAha calanA hogI, dayA kA vikAsa karanA hogA, prakRti meM ramanA hogA, tabhI 'varNa-lAbha, puNya kA pAlana, zodha kA bodha, cA~dI-sI rAkha' prApta kI jA sakatI hai| inhIM mUlyoM kI udbhAvanA karate hue kavi ne sarvatra phailI kalaha, azAnti, arAjakatA ko naSTa karane ke lie vizvabhAvanA bhAyI hai: 0 "divi meM, bhU meM/bhUgarbho meM/jiyA-dharma kI dayA-dharma kI/prabhAvanA ho.!" (pR. 77-78) 0 "maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA baneM /'basa,/aura kucha vAMchA nhiiN|" (pR. 40) 0 "jIvana kA muNDana na ho/sukha-zAnti kA maNDana ho / " (pR. 214) inhIM uddezyoM kI mahat preraNA kA pratiphalana hai 'mUkamATI' / isameM dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa puruSArtho kA varNana,
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________________ 386 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA AdarzoM kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| isameM sAMskRtika uccatA ko vaMcita karane vAle tattvoM kA bar3A hI mArmika varNana kiyA gayA hai : " sukha-zAnti se / dUra nahIM karanA hai isa yuga ko / aura du:kha-klAnti se/cUra nahIM karanA hai|" (pR. 115) 'jiyo aura jIne do, karma hI pUjA hai, vyakti janma se nahIM - karma se mahAn banatA hai' - jaise sarvodayI vicAroM ko jIvantatA pradAna kara AcAryazrI ne mAnavatA ko pratiSThita kiyA hai / sAMskRtika unnayana hI mahAkAvya kI sArthakatA hai / yahA~ jAti, samAja, rASTra tathA vizva meM sAMskRtika utkarSa kI bhAvanA ko utpanna kara ekatva lAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| isameM bIjAkSaroM ke mAdhyama se bhAratIya saMskRti kI mahattA ko punarjIvita kiyA hai : 66 'hI' pazcimI sabhyatA hai / 'bhI' hai bhAratIya saMskRti, bhAgya-vidhAtA / 'hI' se hIna ho jagat yaha / abhI ho yA kabhI bhI ho 'bhI' se bheMTa sabhI kI ho / " (pR. 173) ... 'sabase sadA sahaja basa maitrI rahe merI, pApI se nahIM - pApa se ghRNA karo, vAsanA kA vikAsa moha hai- dayA kA vikAsa mokSa hai' - Adi sUktiyoM ko vyAkhyAyita kara AcAryazrI ne samatA, prema, ahiMsA, samAjavAda aura sRjana mahattva Adi se samasyAoM kA samAdhAna kara samAjasudhAraka ke rUpa meM spaSTata: cetAvanI dI hai : ke "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI / dharatI yaha / " (pR. 441) dhana lolupatA hI mAnava ke vinAza kA kAraNa hai / isI kI pUrti meM lagA mAnava vrata, niyama, siddhAnta, Adi ko pIche chor3atA jA rahA hai| dhana-saMgraha kI pravRtti hI duHkha aura tanAva kA kAraNa hai| AcAryazrI ne isakA samucita vitaraNa karane ke lie AhvAna kiyA hai, aura mAnava ko prakRti meM ramane kA sandeza bhI diyA hai / " puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI / mokSa hai, sAra hai / " (pR. 93) isa taraha 'mUkamATI' meM udAtta kathAnaka, vizAla caritrasRSTi, mahat preraNA hai / isakA uddezya bhAratIya saMskRti kI sthApanA hai / isake sAtha hI viziSTa racanA - zilpa kA nirmANa mahAkAvyatva ko darzAtA hai / bhAva pakSa ko kahane ke lie kavi ne jisa kalA pakSa kA nirvAha kiyA hai, vaha kisI bauddhika AyAsa kA pratiphala nahIM apitu sUkSma aura svatantra dRSTi meM svataH hI nirUpita huA hai| 'varNana vaividhya' mahAkAvya kI apratima vizeSatA hai| usake dvArA hI jIvana kI, jIvana ke aneka rUpoM kI vyaMjanA kI jA sakatI hai| 'mUkamATI' meM bar3e hI kalAtmaka saundarya ke sAtha ina bhAvoM kA abhivyaktIkaraNa prakRti ke mAdhyama se, kahIM mAnavIkaraNa rUpa meM, kahIM Alambana rUpa meM, kahIM upadeza rUpa meM aura kahIM sandeza rUpa meM tathA kahIM saMvedanAtmaka rUpa meM kuzalatApUrvaka kiyA gayA hai / sandeza rUpa ko vyakta karatI huI prakRti sundarI kA anupama citraNa kiyA hai, jo draSTavya hai : "parAga-pyAsA bhramara-dala vaha / koMpala phUla - phaloM daloM kA saurabha rasa pItA hai/ para unheM, / pIr3A kabhI na pahu~cAtA / " (pR. 333)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 387 'rasAtmakatA' mahAkAvya hI mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi hai / vidyAsAgarajI ne yahA~ vividha rasoM kA manohArI varNana karate hue rasarAja 'zAnta rasa' kI pradhAnatA ko svIkArA hai : "sadaya bano !/adaya para dayA karo/abhaya bano ! sabhaya para kiyA karo abhaya kI/amRta-maya vRSTi / sadA sadA sadAzaya dRSTi/re jiyA, samaSTi jiyA karo!" (pR. 149) apane bhAvoM ko vyakta karane ke lie AcAryazrI ne jisa bhASA kA prayoga kiyA hai, vaha vizuddha hindI kI khar3I bolI hai| usameM kahIM bhI durUhatA yA kliSTatA nahIM balki sampUrNa bhASA meM pravahamAnatA, sahajatA aura saralatA hai / bhASA kahIM choTI, kahIM barAbara to kahIM lambI zabdAvaliyoM se yukta hai / bhAvoM ko samajhane ke lie kahIM bhAganA nahIM par3atA, kavi kI isa viziSTa bhASA kI yahI vizeSatA hai / bhASA kahIM sAmAsika padAvalIyukta oja evaM mAdhuryaguNayukta, gambhIra yojanAyukta hai to kahIM kama zabdoM meM adhika bhAvoM kI vyaMjanA, navanavonmeSazAlinI, mukta vega se vihAra karatI huI bAlaka hRdaya ke samAna samAdhi bhASA hai : - "mATI ke prANoM meM jA,/pAnI ne vahA~/nava-prANa pAyA hai, jJAnI ke padoM meM jA/ajJAnI ne jahA~/nava-jJAna pAyA hai|" (pR. 89) AcAryazrI ke saMyamita AcaraNa ke samAna hI ApakI bhASA bhI samaya, saMyamita laya, yati-gati se pUrNa hai / yahA~ zabda sAdhanA ke sA~ce meM Dhale haiM jo zabda se artha, artha ko nava artha dete haiM / bhASA meM AzAvAditA, citropamatA, pratIkAtmakatA aura lAkSaNikatA pada-pada para ubharI hai / bhASA kA AzAvAdI svarUpa draSTavya hai : "hA~, hA~ !!/vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI avazya milegI/magara/mArga meM nahIM, maMz2ila para !" (pR. 488) zabdoM ke raMgoM kI mukta bauchAreM - phuhAreM, artha kI chaTA sahaja hI hRdayastha ho jAtI haiN| nAda saundarya aura mAdhurya bharI zabdaracanA se yukta bhASA kA svarUpa dekhate hI banatA hai : "jahA~ kahIM bhI dekhA/mahi meM mahimA hima kI mahakI, aura Aja!/ghanI aliguNa-hanI/zani kI khanI-sI.. bhaya-mada-agha kI janI/duguNI ho AI rAta hai|" (pR. 91) ve zabdoM ke zilpI haiN| unakI bhASA meM zabda kI vyutpatti, zabda kA artha pAThaka ko barabasa hI ramAe rahatA hai, yathA: " 's' yAnI sama-zIla saMyama/'trI' yAnI tIna artha haiM dharma, artha, kAma-puruSArthoM meM/puruSa ko kuzala-saMyata banAtI hai so "strI' kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 205) bhASA meM lokoktiyA~, muhAvare, sUktiyA~, jo bhASA kI zRMgAra tathA sAhitya kI anupama nidhi hotI haiM, jinase bhASA meM kasAvaTa, bhAva vyakta karane kI sAmarthya bar3ha jAtI hai, unake prayoga bhI sahaja upalabdha haiM / yathAmuhAvare : "ura meM udAratA uganA, dUdha ko chauMkanA, bAla kI khAla nikAlanA, mAna yAna ke nIce utaranA, niyati ke raMjana meM ramanA" Adi / lokoktiyA~ : "bAyeM hiraNa dAyeM jAya, laMkA jIta rAma ghara Aya, lakSmaNa kI bhA~ti ubalanA"
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________________ 388 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA Adi / sUktiyA~ : "bagulAI chalanA, alaM vistareNa" Adi / isake sAtha hI bhASA meM saMskRtaniSTha zabda, saMskRta ke tatsama, tadbhava evaM arabI, phArasI, aMgrejI bhASA Adi ke zabdoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai, jo kadAcit hindI ke rame hue hI zabda haiN| zailI kI dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' kI viziSTatA hai ki isameM aneka zailiyoM kA prayoga kavi ne kiyA hai, yathApraznAtmaka zailI, tarka zailI, samIkSAtmaka zailI, manovaijJAnika zailI, dRSTAnta zailI aura tulanAtmaka zailI Adi / tulanAtmaka aura dRSTAnta zailI kA svarUpa dekhie : tulanAtmaka zailI : "isa yuga ke/do mAnava/apane Apa ko/khonA cAhate haiM eka/bhoga-rAga ko/madya-pAna ko/cunatA hai; aura eka/yoga-tyAga ko/Atma-dhyAna ko/dhunatA hai| kucha hI kSaNoM meM/donoM hote/vikalpoM se mukta / phira kyA kahanA!/eka zava ke samAna/nirA par3A hai, aura eka/ziva ke samAna/kharA utarA hai|" (pR. 286) dRSTAnta zailI: 'sAdhu bana kara/svAda se haTakara/sAdhya kI pUjA meM DUbane se yojanoM dUra vAlI mukti bhI vaha/sAdhaka kI ora daur3atI-sI lagatI hai saroja kI ora ravi kirnnaavlii-sii|" (pR. 382-383) 'mUkamATI' meM alaMkAroM kA prayoga paga-paga para dikhAI detA hai / anuprAsa aura upamA to aise haiM, jaise ve kavi ke priya alaMkAra hI hoM, jo camatkAra karate haiN| bhAvoM ko spaSTa karane ke lie 'mUkamATI' meM jina alaMkAroM kA prayoga huA hai, unameM mukhya alaMkAroM kI sUcI draSTavya hai : anuprAsa : "prAcI ke adharoM para/manda madhurima muskAna hai|" (pR. 1) upamA: "sindUrI dhUla ur3atI-sI/raMgIna-rAga kI AbhA / " (pR. 1) pratIka: "atithi ke abhaya-cihnita/ubhaya kara-kamaloM meM saMyamopakaraNa diyA mayUra-paMkhoM kA/jo mRdula komala laghu maMjula hai|" (pR. 343) yamaka : 0 "kisalaya ye kisalie/kisa laya meM gIta gAte haiM ?/kisa valaya meM se A kisa valaya meM krIta jAte haiM ?/aura/anta-anta meM zvAsa inake kisa laya meM rIta jAte haiM ?" (pR. 141-142) "hAya re !/samagra saMsAra-sRSTi meM/aba ziSTatA kahA~ hai vaha ? avaziSTatA duSTatA kI rahI mAtra!" (pR. 212) "satya kA Atma-samarpaNa/aura vaha bhI/asatya ke sAmane ?/he bhagavan ! yaha kaisA kAla A gayA,/kyA asatya zAsaka banegA aba ? kyA satya zAsita hogA?" (pR. 469) zleSa: "haritA harI vaha kisase ?/hari kI haritA phira kisa kAma kI rahI ?" (pR. 179) sandeha :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 389 'mUkamATI' kA chanda-vidhAna mukta rUpa meM hai| sampUrNa mahAkAvya meM sirpha mAtrika chanda rUpa dohA' (pR. 325) tathA vasantatilakA' (pR. 185) haiN| mukta chanda meM vicaraNa karatI huI 'mUkamATI' meM kavinirmita chandoM kA prayoga huA hai, jo nae, manohArI, yugAnukUla ho gae haiN| chanda vidhAna meM kavi kI svatantra dRSTi hI kAma karatI dikhAI detI hai, varanA Apake dvArA racita hindI evaM saMskRta meM anya zatakoM tathA padyAnuvAdita racanAoM meM bhI aneka chandoM kA kavi ne upayoga kiyA hai / 'mUkamATI' meM paramparAnusAra chandoM kA prayoga na honA kisI khAsa uddezya kI pUrti hai, zAyada 'mukta chanda' meM prathama mahAkAvya' / isakA kAraNa unakI dRSTi bhI hai, jisakA Azaya unhoMne spaSTa kiyA hai : "yahA~/bandhana rucatA kise ?/mujhe bhI priya hai svtntrtaa|" (pR. 442) kavi dvArA jina mukta chandoM kI racanA huI hai, unameM se kucha kI mAtrAe~ draSTavya haiM : 0 "pakSapAta se dUroM kI/yathAjAta yatizUroM kI = 28 dayA-dharma ke mUloM kI/sAmya-bhAva ke pUroM kii|" = 28 (pR. 315) - "gagana kA pyAra kabhI/dharA se ho nahIM sakatA = 25 madana kA pyAra kabhI/jarA se ho nahIM sktaa|" = 25 (pR. 353) isI taraha 17-17, 23-23, 26-26, 19-19, 34-34, 31-31, 28-28, 25-25 ityAdi mAtrAoM se yukta chandoM kA bhI nirmANa huA hai| niHsandeha, 'mUkamATI' adhika parimANa ke sAtha hI kathAvastu kI uccatA, caritra sRSTi kI udAttatA, nAyaka kA viziSTa guNoM se bharapUra honA, mahat uddezya kI pUrti, viziSTa racanA zilpa, varNana vaividhya, rasAtmakatA, puruSArthatA Adi lakSaNoM se yukta mahAkAvya kI zreNI meM yuga-jIvana kI jIvanta tasvIra prastuta karatI hai / samAjasApekSa mahAkAvya kI taraha yugIna parivezoM kA vizada varNana yahA~ huA hai, ata: 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya, mahAkAvya paramparA meM amara kRti' ke rUpa meM hai / DaoN. nemIcanda jaina isa mahAkAvya ko 'upanyAsAtmaka mahAkAvya' kahate haiM, jo sarvathA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki upanyAsa meM sampUrNa jIvana-citraNa sambhava nahIM hai / DaoN. vijayendra snAtaka tathA sukamAla jaina isa kRti meM adhyAtma pradhAnatA hI dekhate haiN| ve zAyada jIvana-jagat ke anya vyApAroM ko 'mUkamATI' se uddhRta nahIM kara pAe haiN| isa sandarbha meM DaoN. devavrata jozI kA kathana kiMcit satya bhI hai ki isa mahAkAvya meM sArvabhauma aura sArvajanika satya kA udghoSa hai / DaoN. ke. ela. jaina kA mata hI adhika saTIka jAna par3atA hai : "na to isa mahAkAvya ko hama kevala darzana kI sImAoM meM bA~dha sakate haiM aura na hI ise hama adhyAtma kI cAdara hI or3hA sakate haiM; kRti para nA to sAMsArikatA kA lebila hI lagA sakate haiM aura na hI sAmAjika samasyAoM kA dastAvez2a hI kaha sakate haiN| sacce arthoM meM yaha mahAkAvya jIvana ke puMjIbhUta satyoM kI khulI kitAba hai, jisameM hama icchAnusAra apane jIvana ke svarUpa ko prApta kara sakate haiN|" nizcita hI, yaha mahAkAvya grantha ke 'prastavana' lekhaka zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ke anusAra 'Adhunika jIvana kA abhinava zAstra sAhityakAra mohana zazi ke zabdoM meM 'amara zilAlekha'; 'sanmati vANI' patrikA ke anusAra patita se pAvana banane kI yAtrA; tathA sAhityAlaMkAra Anandavallabha zarmA kI dRSTi meM 'mRttikopaniSad' hai| vAstava meM 'mUkamATI' meM mahAkAvyAtmaka vistAra hai, sAtha hI hai AlocanA kI dizA, kAvya kI preraNA, vyaSTi se samaSTi ke sAdhana aura hindI jagat ke lie preraNAyukta sRjana / 'mUkamATI' ke racayitA, muktimArga ke netA AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ko hamArA koTizaH nmn| U
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________________ 'mUkamATI': eka vimarzAtmaka adhyayana pro. habIbunnIsA saundarya kA saMsAra yadi taba ujar3a jAe jaba usakI sarvAdhika AvazyakatA ho, pyAra kA sAgara yadi taba sUkha jAe jaba usakI sabase jyAdA cAhata ho, jaba jIvana kI paribhASA sukhada banakara jIvana kA artha sArthaka kara sake, tabhI vaha eka duHsvapna banakara jIvana ko nirarthaka banA de to mAnava nirAza ho jAtA hai / aura vaha apane Apa ko vahA~ khar3A huA pAtA hai, jahA~ para dUra-dUra taka caTiyala registAna hotA hai / usa samaya mAnava ko apanI pyAsa bujhAne ke lie pAnI kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai to usake pyAse mana ko tRpta karane ke lie kahIM na kahIM eka cazamA ghanI chA~va aura amRta lie usa nirAza mAnava ko dRSTigocara hotA hai| isI prakAra jaba mAnavatA U~ce AdarzoM se gira kara pyAsI ho jAtI hai to usakI AtmA zItalatA ke lie tarasatI hai| aisI sthiti meM santa, dArzanika athavA eka vicAraka isa dharatI para janma letA hai| usakI vANI azAnta mAnavatA ko zAnti pradAna karatI hai aura usake vicAra dukhI mAnava kI pyAsI AtmA ko zItalatA pradAna karate haiN| aise hI eka santa, dArzanika, kavi tathA AcArya kA janma Aja se 58 sAla pahale huA, vaha haiM-AcArya vidyAsAgarajI muni mhaaraaj| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke kavi AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kA janma karnATaka rAjya ke jilA belagAma ke sadalagA grAma ke nikaTavartI grAma 'cikkor3I' meM 10 akTUbara, 1946 meM huaa| ApakA bAlya kAla kA nAma 'vidyAdhara' thA / Apane kannar3a mAdhyama se prArambhika zikSA prApta kI, praur3hazAlA taka ApakI par3hAI huii| isa bIca meM Apake andara jo dArzanikatA basI thI vaha jAgRta ho gii| aura usake phalasvarUpa 30 jUna, 1968 ko guruvara zrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja se ajamera (rAjasthAna) meM Apane muni dIkSA prApta kii| usake bAda Apa jaina dharma ke pracAra va prasAra kArya meM nirantara lage rahe tathA svAdhyAya aura cintana-manana meM apanA samaya lagAyA / 22 navambara, 1972 ko guruvara ke karakamaloM se hI nasIrAbAda (ajamera) rAjasthAna meM Apako 'AcArya' kA pada milA / isa samaya taka ApakI kucha racanAe~ hindI, saMskRta tathA aMgrejI meM prakAzita ho cukI thiiN| ___ samprati, gadya aura padya donoM meM ApakI racanAe~ upalabdha haiN| kAvya ke kSetra meM narmadA kA narama kaMkara', 'DUbo mata-lagAo DubakI, 'cetanA ke gaharAva meM', 'totA kyoM rotA' aura isa lekha meM carcita 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya / padya ke kSetra meM AcArya kundakunda prabhRti jainAcAryoM kI kRtiyA~ - 'samayasAra, 'niyamasAra, 'pravacanasAra' tathA 'samayasAra kalaza' Adi ke sAtha-sAtha 'samaNasuttaM' jaise 26 granthoM ke padyAnuvAda rUpa racanAe~ Apane kI haiN| Apake pravacana saMkalana 'guru vANI, 'pravacanAmRta, 'pravacana pArijAta' evaM 'pravacana prameya' ityAdi haiM / aba to Apake dvArA racita vAGmaya 'samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara' evaM 'mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgara granthAvalI' nAma se cAra-cAra khaNDoM meM upalabdha hai| hindI sAhitya kI santa-kAvya-paramparA meM Apako rASTra-khyAti prApta hai / AcAryazrI nagara, grAma tathA tIrtha kSetroM kA vihAra karate hue apane anokhe vicAra aura amRtavANI ke dvArA mAnava-kalyANa meM lage hue haiN| mAnava dharma tathA jaina dharma kI sevA aura nirantara Atma-sAdhanA meM ApakA jIvana bIta rahA hai| 'mUkamATI' dakSiNa se uttara ko pradatta eka amUlya dena hai / dakSiNa bhArata prAcIna kAla se hI uttara ko RSi, santa aura AcAryoM ko detA A rahA hai / isa kar3I ke eka aura bahumUlya motI vidyAsAgarajI haiN| 'mUkamATI' ahindI kSetra se hindI kSetra ko eka anupama bheTa hai| kisI bhI kAvya kRti ko mahAkAvya kahane ke pahale usake lakSaNa ko dekhanA Avazyaka hai| kAvya athavA kavitA ko racanA ke AdhAra para tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 391 (1) nibaddha kAvya (2) anibaddha kAvya aura (3) prabandha kAvya / (1) nibaddha kAvya : isake antargata Ane vAlI racanAoM meM eka vicAradhArA athavA eka bhAvasUtra meM chanda vyavasthita rUpa se ba~dhe hue rahate haiN| (2) anibaddha kAvya : isako muktaka kAvya kA nAma bhI diyA jAtA hai| isakI racanAe~ svatantra haiN| inheM kisI bhI krama meM rakha sakate haiN| (3) prabandha kAvya : prabandha kAvya kI racanA meM eka kathA hotI hai jo kramabaddha rUpa se Age bar3hatI hai / yahA~ chanda bhAva kA poSaka banakara sAtha-sAtha calate haiN| chanda ke krama ko svacchanda meM parivartana nahIM kara sakate / yaha prabandha kAvya kA pramukha lakSaNa hai / isako do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA hai-mahAkAvya tathA khaNDa kAvya / mahAkAvya : mahAkAvya ke rUpa tathA svarUpa ke bAre meM saMskRta ke AcAryoM ke vicAra pramukha haiN| 'agni purANa' meM kAvya ke lakSaNa kI carcA meM mahAkAvya ke svarUpa kA varNana milatA hai / AcArya daNDI kA kAvyAdarza,' vidyAnAtha kA 'pratAparudra-yazobhUSaNa, hemacandra kA 'kAvyAnuzAsana' aura vizvanAtha ke sAhitya darpaNa' meM mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM kA paricaya milatA hai| __hindI sAhitya ke vidvAn tathA vimarzaka DaoN. bhagIratha mizrajI ne apanI kRti meM mahAkAvya ke nimnalikhita sAta lakSaNa batAe haiN| inhIM lakSaNoM kI kasauTI ke AdhAra para 'mUkamATI' kA adhyayana kreNge| (1) kathAvastu : mahAkAvya kI kathA meM mUlata: vistRta aura sampUrNa jIvana kI ghaTanAoM kA varNana honA caahie| isameM nyUnatama ATha sarga ho / tathA pratyeka sarga ke anta meM Ane vAle sarga kI sUcanA honI caahie| kathA kA prArambha AzIrvacana athavA maMgalAcaraNa se honA caahie| isakI kathA aitihAsika ho yA kisI mahApuruSa kI jIvana-gAthA se sambandhita ho| 'mUkamATI' ina sabhI lakSaNoM se U~cA hai / jaba sArA kAvya hI maMgalamaya ho to vahA~ maMgalAcaraNa kI kyA AvazyakatA ? ghara-maTha ke vyAmoha ko tyAga kara, Atma-kalyANa ke mArga para nirantara calane vAle, dizAoM ko hI apanA ambara banAne vAle AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kA prati zabda mantropadeza hai evaM pratyeka paMkti AzIrvacana hai| merI dRSTi meM aisI mahAn kRti ke Arambha meM AzIrvacana athavA maMgalAcaraNa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| AcAryazrI sIdhe viSaya-praveza karate haiM : "sImAtIta zUnya meM/nIlimA bichAI,/aura "idhara'nIce nirI nIravatA chAI,/...karavaTeM le rahA hai / " (pR. 1) ____ 'mUkamATI' meM AcArya vidyAsAgarajI sIdhe viSaya-praveza kara gae haiN| aise to prAcIna kAla meM bhI maMgalAcaraNa ke ullaMghana karane vAle udAharaNa milate haiN| mahAkavi kAlidAsa kI meru kRti 'kumArasambhava' meM maMgalAcaraNa nahIM hai / kavi sIdhe himAlaya ke varNana ko lekara calatA hai / isI ko maMgalAcaraNa kA sthAna diyA gayA hai, kyoMki himAlaya hamArI mahimA aura garimA kA dyotaka hai / isI prakAra mahAkavi jayazaMkara prasAda ke mahAkAvya 'kAmAyanI' kA prArambha bhI maMgalAcaraNa ke binA hI hotA hai / kavi apanI kRti kA prArambha yU~ karatA hai : "himagiri ke uttuMga zikhara para,/baiTha zilA kI zItala chA~ha, eka puruSa, bhIge nayanoM se,/dekha rahA thA pralaya pravAha ! nIce jala thA, Upara hima thA,/eka tarala thA eka saghana; eka tattva kI hI pradhAnatA-/kaho use jar3a yA cetn|"
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________________ 392 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA isI prakAra vidyAsAgarajI bhI sIdhe viSaya-praveza karate haiM / hama pahale batA cuke haiM ki mahAkAvya meM ATha sarga honA cAhie, parantu isa mahAkAvya ke cAra hI sarga haiM / pratyeka sarga AtmA ke saMgIta se bharapUra hai / isakI gU~ja ananta hai| merI dRSTi meM ye cAra khaNDa cAra dizAoM kA pratinidhitva karate haiN| 'mUkamATI' jaise adhyAtma kAvya ko aitihAsika kathA athavA mahApuruSa kI jIvana-gAthA kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / asaMkhya itihAsoM ko apane sIne para lie hajAroM mahApuruSoM ke jIvana ke jvArabhATA tathA utAra-car3hAva ko mauna rUpa se dekhate hue lAkhoM bhavyAtmAoM aura divyAtmAoM ko apanI godI meM lekara ciranidrA meM sulAne vAlI 'mATI' hI isakI kathAvastu hai / yahA~ hama vidyAsAgarajI kI pratibhA tathA unake kAvya kI pratIkAtmakatA ko dekha sakate haiM / miTTI jaisI pada-dalita, upekSita vastu ko mahAkAvya kI kathAvastu banAkara aura usakI mUka vedanA ko vANI pradAna karake kavi ne eka amUlya kArya kiyA hai| (2) nAyaka : mahAkAvya kA nAyaka devatA, kisI ucca kula meM janmA kSatriya yA kisI U~ce vaMza kA rAjA athavA aneka vaMzoM meM janma lene vAle rAjA ho sakate haiM / parantu, vaha nAyaka dhIrodAtta guNa rakhane vAlA ho, usakA vyaktitva samAja meM nizcaya rUpa se sadbhAvanAoM ko vardhita karane vAlA ho, usake sAtha-sAtha usameM saMrakSaka guNa vidyamAna honA cAhie / yahA~ para 'mUkamATI' kA nAyaka mATI se banA huA maMgala ghaTa hai arthAt miTTI hI yahA~ pramukha hai / karake use kathA kA pravAha isa prakAra hai - kumhAra ghaTa banAne ke pahale miTTI meM rahane vAle kaMkar3a-patthara ko zuddha banAtA hai tathA pAnI milAkara miTTI ko mRdu banAtA hai| phira use cAka para car3hAkara ghaTa kA rUpa detA hai| havA usake andara rahane vAle jalatattva ko sukhAtI hai| isa bIca meM sUrya use apane tApa se dRr3ha banAtA hai / usa dRr3hatA ko aura majabUtI pradAna karane ke lie Aga ke Ave meM tapAyA jAtA hai| jaba miTTI kA ghar3A Ave se nikAlA jAtA hai to vaha maMgala ghaTa bana jAtA hai / anyokti ke dvArA AcAryajI ne yahA~ dArzanika vyAkhyAna prastuta kie haiN| samUce kAvya meM kumhAra aura miTTI hI pramukha rUpa se hamAre sAmane Ate haiM / isalie miTTI ko hI hama nAyaka kA sthAna de sakate haiM / (3) rasa : mahAkAvya meM sabhI rasoM kA varNana anivArya hai| jaba vyApaka jIvana kI gAthA kA varNana hotA hai to usake vibhinna mor3a para dUsare - dUsare rasoM kA prayoga hotA hai| zAstrakAroM ne zRMgAra rasa, vIra rasa tathA zAnta rasa ko pradhAna rasa mAnA hai| ina tIna rasoM meM se kisI eka rasa ko mahAkAvya kA mUla rasa mAnA jAtA hai aura dUsare rasa gauNa rUpa kAvya kI dhArA ko agrasara karate haiM / 'mUkamATI' AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa se yukta mahAkAvya hai jisameM mUla kathA ke sAtha-sAtha cintana aura darzana gaMgA-jamunA ke samAna supta rUpa se sAtha-sAtha bahate haiM / zAnta rasa ko 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA pradhAna rasa mAna sakate haiM / (4) chanda : kAvya meM kathA ke vikAsa tathA pravAha kI dRSTi se eka sarga meM athavA khaNDa meM eka hI chanda kA honA anivArya hai / sarga ke anta meM chanda kA parivartana honA caahie| kabhI-kabhI vividhatA tathA adbhuta rasa kI niSpatti ke lie eka sarga meM vividha chandoM kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai| 'mUkamATI' kAvya laukika tathA alaukika jijJAsA aura satyAnveSaNa kI vicitra zailI ko lekara calatA hai| aisI sthiti meM bhAvoM ko chanda ke bandhana meM bA~dhane se banAvaTIpana AtA / isa bAta ko dhyAna meM rakha kavi ne 'svacchanda' zailI ko kAvya kA chanda banAyA hai| isI kAraNavaza chanda mukta svatantra dhArA samUce kAvya meM vidyamAna hai / se (5) varNana : mahAkAvya yathArtha aura vaividhyamaya varNana ko lekara calatA hai| jaisA ki prakRti ke aneka rUpa usameM apanA citraNa lete hue Age bar3hate haiM-sAgara se jharanoM taka, TIle se parvata taka, vasanta se patajhar3a taka, TimaTimAte tAroM se camakate candramA taka, lahalahAte paudhoM se khilate - khilate phUloM taka kA varNana kisI na kisI rUpa meM mahAkAvya
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 393 meM A jAtA hai / isake sAtha-sAtha mAnava-jIvana kA varNana bhI isa prakAra AtA hai ki bacapana se bur3hApe taka, viraha se milana taka, jIvana se mRtyu taka sAre rUpoM kA paricaya A jAtA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM bhI sUrya, candra, parvata, sAgara Adi kA citraNa milatA hai / mAnava-jIvana kA bhI varNana pratyakSa aura parokSa rUpa se milatA hai| kevala itanA hI nahIM, kavi samAja kI kuprathAoM se dukhita manuSya ke svArtha kA citraNa bhI karatA hai| aise bahuta se udAharaNa kAvya meM dekhane ko milate haiN| udAharaNa ke lie : ___ "...kheda hai ki/lobhI pApI mAnava/pANigrahaNa ko bhI prANa-grahaNa kA rUpa dete haiN|" (pR. 386) (6) zIrSaka: sAmAnyata: mahAkAvya kA nAma kavi, nAyaka, ghaTanA, sthAna yA kathA tattva ke AdhAra para rakhA jAtA hai| isa kAvya kA zIrSaka 'mUkamATI' hai / isa zIrSaka kI mahattA isI meM chipI huI hai| miTTI kI mahimA aura usake mUka hone kI garimA kAvya kI vizeSatA hai / maMgala ghaTa banatA miTTI se hI hai, sRSTi ke adhikAMza jIva, mAnava ko bhI usameM milAkara isa dharatI para hI palate haiM / kAvya kA kendra bindu bhI miTTI hI hai| isalie isakA zIrSaka 'mUkamATI' samIcIna aura artha garbhita hai| (7) uddezya : mahAkAvya kA uddezya puruSArtha kI prApti hai| dharma, artha, kAma tathA mokSa rUpa puruSArtha prApta karane ke lie nAyaka jo saMgharSa karatA hai, jisa sAdhanA meM nirantara lagA rahatA hai, isI ke citraNa ko mahAkAvya kA uddezya mAnA jAtA hai / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kAyA, vAcA evaM manasA lokahita aura vizvakalyANa kI bhAvanA ko lekara calatA hai / isakI buniyAda kSamA guNa hai / Aja saMsAra ko jala aura vAyu se jyAdA kSamA guNa kI AvazyakatA hai| eka sUtra kAvya meM AyA hai- 'khammAmi khamaMtu meM' yAnI kSamA karatA hU~ sabako, kSamA cAhatA hU~ saba se(pR. 105) / kavi kI dRSTi meM sAre puruSArthoM kA AdhAra kSamA guNa hai / isa kAvya kA eka aura lakSaNa anekAnta dRSTi hai| kumhAra, miTTI tathA ghaTa kevala prAkRtika sAdhana haiM / yahA~ kumhAra guru kA svarUpa hai to miTTI mAnava kA / mAnava dhIre-dhIre laukikatA se alaukikatA kI ora, nazvaratA se amaratva kI ora, mRNmayatA se cinmayatA kI ora agrasara hokara pUrNatva ko pA letA hai| yahI pratIka maMgala ghaTa kA rUpa hai / 'paropakArArthamidaM zarIram'- manuSya zarIra paropakAra ke lie hai / isa prakAra kI bhAvanA se maMgala ghaTa anta meM nadI ke pravAha meM seTha ke prANa bacAtA hai / mahAkAvya ke sAre lakSaNa pratyakSa athavA parokSa rUpa se 'mUkamATI' meM haiN| zAstrakAroM ke anusAra mahAkAvya kathA pradhAna, caritra pradhAna, alaMkAra pradhAna athavA bhAva pradhAna hote haiN| hamArI dRSTi meM 'mUkamATI' bhAva pradhAna mahAkAvya hai / isameM dUsarI vizeSatAoM ke sAtha-sAtha vaicArika dRSTikoNa tathA dArzanika cintana pradhAna hotA hai| samUce kAvya ko par3hane ke bAda kathA aura pAtra se bar3hakara, karttavya kI preraNA aura usakI bhAvAtmaka vicAradhArA hameM prabhAvita karatI hai / ina sAre vicAroM se AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI kRti 'mUkamATI' eka yazasvI mahAkAvya hai| mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI': eka vizleSaNa 'pRthvIrAja rAso' hindI kA AdikAlIna mahAkAvya mAnA jAtA hai, isI prakAra 'mUkamATI' atyAdhunika mahAkAvya hai| hindI kAvyodyAna meM anaginata, raMga-biraMge sugandhita paudhe haiM, usameM mUkamATI' mahakatI huI phUloM se ladI eka komala vallarI hai| pUre kAvya ke adhyayana se yaha patA calatA hai ki kavi ko rUpaka tattva priya hai| nadI, kaMkara, miTTI jaise vyakta mAdhyama ke dvArA avyakta kA paricaya kavi karAtA hai / kahIM-kahIM avyakta ke z2arie vyakta kA anubhava bhI hameM karAyA jAtA hai / kavi kA Azaya maMgala ghaTa ke dvArA eka sAdhaka kA pUrNa paricaya karAnA hai| sAdhaka zraddhA se apane mArga meM nirantara Age bar3hatA hai, samyak AcaraNa aura samyak jJAna use Ananda ke rasa taka le jAte haiN| yahI pUrNatva hai|
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________________ 394 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA isa mahAkAvya ke cAra sopAna haiM / isI taraha kavi ne miTTI kI cAra maMz2iloM ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| pahale bhAga kA nAma saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' hai| isa adhyAya meM kavi kaMkara aura kA~ToM se bhare miTTI ke usa rUpa ko prastuta karatA hai, jo prakRti ke eka jIva kA hai| eka prasaMga meM svayaM miTTI apanI mA~ pRthvI se prazna karatI hai| mA~, merI paryAya kA anta kaba hogA ? isakI sthiti saMgharSa meM phaMse hue prANI ke samAna hai| isalie miTTI pUchatI hai : "svayaM patitA hU~/aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se,/"adhama pApiyoM se pada-dalitA hU~ mA~ !/sukha-muktA hU~/duHkha-yuktA hU~ tiraskRta tyaktA hU~ mA~ !" (pR. 4) "isa paryAya kI/iti kaba hogI ?/isa kAyA kI cyuti kaba hogI?/batA do, mA~ "ise !" (pR. 5) manuSya apane viveka ke Aloka meM apane astitva aura AtmA ke sthAna-mAna ko prApta karane kA prayatna karatA hai to usake sAmane yaha prazna khar3A ho jAtA hai ki isa jIvana kA uddezya kyA hai : "mATI kA saMzodhana huA,/mATI ko sambodhana huA,/parantu, niSkAsita kaMkaroM meM/samuciMta-sA anubhUta/saMkrodhana huaa|" (pR. 45) kumhAra miTTI meM pAnI milAkara usako khUba bhigotA hai aura usameM yukta kaMkara-pattharoM ko nikAla kara usa miTTI ko zuddha banAtA hai / aba yaha ghaTa kA svarUpa dhAraNa karane yogya bana jAtI hai / yahA~ prathama adhyAya samApta ho jAtA 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' nAmaka dvitIya adhyAya athavA sarga pratIkAtmaka hai| isameM ghaTa kA nirmANa hotA hai| isI prakAra manuSya bhI apane vyaktitva kA nirmANa miTTI ke ghaTa ke samAna hI karatA hai| isa bhAga meM kavi ne mahAkAvya ke Avazyaka guNa arthAt nava rasoM kI vyAkhyA, RtuoM kA varNana, saMgIta kI vividhatA kA paricaya karAyA hai| kavi kA dArzanika hRdaya apanI mUladhArA ko nahIM bhUlatA / vaha phira manuSya kI eka mUla samasyA kI tarafa hamArA dhyAna AkarSita karatA hai : "AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai/AnA yAnI janana-utpAda hai jAnA yAnI maraNa-vyaya hai/lagA huA yAnI sthira-dhrauvya hai aura/hai yAnI cira-sat/yahI satya hai yahI tathya"!" (pR. 185) isa khaNDa ke sArAMza ko yU~ kaha sakate haiM-zabda kA artha samajhanA 'zabda' hai aura isakA anubhava pAnA 'bodha' hai / jIvana kI sArthakatA kA anveSaNa hI 'zodha' hai / isI prakAra se ghaTa kA saMskAra hotA hai / vaha Aga meM tapakara paripakvatA pAne ko tatpara hai| isake bAda mahAkavya tIsare khaNDa meM praveza karatA hai / isakA zIrSaka 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' hai| yaha maMgala ghaTa kI parIkSA kA samaya hai / vaha sUrya ke tApa se sUkhatA hai / bAdaloM ke prakopa se bacatA hai| Ave kI Aga meM apane Apa ko tapAtA hai| isa kriyA ke bAda vaha pUrNatva pAtA hai / isake sAtha-sAtha usameM lokakalyANa kI bhAvanA jagatI hai| yahI puNyodaya hai| jaba taka manuSya bhI ina maMz2iloM ko pAra nahIM karatA, taba taka usameM puNyodaya kA praveza nahIM hotaa| "jaba taka unakA jalanA nahIM hogA/maiM nirdoSa nahIM ho sktaa|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 395 ...mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI/mujhe jilAnA hai|" (pR. 277) ghaTa kI yaha icchA Aga meM tapane ke bAda pUrI hotI hai| ghaTa kI pUrNatA tabhI siddha hotI hai, jaba eka seTha kA sevaka use acchI taraha se parakha kara prApta kara letA hai / jaba usakA upayoga sAdhu-santoM ko AhAra dene meM lAyA jAtA hai to usakI mahimA bar3ha jAtI hai aura vaha maMgala kalaza kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai| Age nadI ke pravAha se seTha ko yahI kalaza bacAtA hai| 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' isa mahAkAvya kA cauthA aura antima sarga hai / yahA~ AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kumbha kI paripakvatA ke dvArA manuSya kI Atmonnati kA paricaya denA cAhate haiM : " 'kumbha kI kuzalatA so apanI kuzalatA' yU~ kahatA huA kumbhakAra/sollAsa svAgata karatA hai avA kaa|" (pR. 296) miTTI agni-sparza ke bAda apane paryAya ko khotI hai aura nae rUpa ko dhAraNa kara letI hai / antima khaNDa eka prakAra se 'mUkamATI' kA mastiSka hai / kavi yahA~ apane laukika aura alaukika cintana ko kavitA ke rUpa meM DhAlane meM samartha hue haiN| Aja ke mAnava kI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna apanI rIti se prastuta karate hue ve Age bar3hate haiN| bhAratIya samAja jisa AtaMka se bhayabhIta hai, use kavi apanI vANI dvArA yU~ zabda pradAna karatA hai : "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda/zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI dharatI yaha,/ye A~kheM aba/AtaMkavAda ko dekha nahIM sktiiN|" (pR. 441) isakA kAraNa kyA ho sakatA hai ? kavi svayaM uttara detA hai| asatya jaba cAroM ora phaila gayA ho to 'satya' kI kyA dazA hotI hai, yaha draSTavya hai : "satya kA Atma-samarpaNa/aura vaha bhI/asatya ke sAmane ? he bhagavan !/yaha kaisA kAla A gayA,/kyA asatya zAsaka banegA aba ? kyA satya zAsita hogA ?/hAya re "jauharI ke hATa meM Aja hIraka-hAra kI hAra !" (pR. 469) yadyapi asatya ke bAjAra meM satya Atma-samarpaNa karatA huA dRSTigocara hotA hai, parantu yaha kucha hI dinoM ke lie hai| jaise sUrya kI prathama kiraNa ke Agamana ke sAtha sAtha andhakAra ojhala ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra asatya ko bhI eka dina satya ke sAmane AnA hogA / asatya kabhI satya ke sAmane Tika nahIM pAtA, taba satya aura adhika prajvalita hotA hai aura usase nikalakara phailatI haiM maMgala kiraNeM, jo dUra karatI haiM ajJAna ko, andhakAra ko aura amaMgala ko : "yahA~ "saba kA sadA/jIvana bane maMgalamaya chA jAve sukha-chA~va,/sabake saba TaleM-/vaha amaMgala-bhAva / " (pR. 478) AcArya vidyAsAgarajI apane mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' ke dvArA apane ina vicAroM ko vizva ke sAmane prastuta karate haiN| anta meM ve AzIrvAda vyakta karate haiN| santa kavi kI yaha kRti adhyAtma-pratIkAtmaka maMgalamaya mahAkAvya hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : AtmA kA uddhAra karane vAlI AdhyAtmika kRti saubhAga mala jaina AcArya vidyAsAgarajI digambara jaina paramparA ke aise mahAn santa haiM jo sahI mAyanoM meM sAdhanA va tapasyArata hokara Atma-kalyANa ke mArga para agrasara haiN| AcArya vidyAnandajI ne unake bAre meM eka bAra yaha sahI kahA thA ki ve isa paMcama kAla meM caturtha kAla ke santa haiN| mATI jaisI nirIha aura pada-dalita vastu para jaba isa mahAn santa kI lekhanI calI to 'mUkamATI' jaise mahAkAvya kA sRjana huA, jise samajhanA AsAna nhiiN| 'mUkamATI' AtmA kA uddhAra karane vAlI aisI AdhyAtmika kRti hai jisameM jaina darzana kA eka taraha se pUrA nicor3a hai| ___sAhitya kA mUlyAMkana kRti svayaM karatI hai| use samajhane ke lie vyakti ko sahRdaya tathA jijJAsApUrNa hone ke sAtha-sAtha eka taraha se usameM paiTha jAnA caahie| isa mahAkAvya meM dharma, siddhAnta, nava rasa, zabdoM kA adbhuta viccheda tathA unake nae-nae artha samAhita haiM jo AcAryazrI kI sAdhanA tathA adbhuta pratibhA kA paricaya dete haiM / yaha mahAkAvya eka rUpaka mahAkAvya hai jisameM rUpakoM ke dvArA mATI kI maMgala kalaza banane taka kI yAtrA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| aba taka dharatI para hI sAhitya-sRjana huA hai, miTTI nirIha hone se sAhityakAroM kI dRSTi se bhI ojhala rahI lekina AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne mATI para yaha mahAkAvya likhakara sAhitya ke kSetra meM mahAn yogadAna kiyA hai| isa mahAkAvya se unakI kAvya-pratibhA bhI pUrI taraha khulakara sAmane AI hai| prastavaka lakSmIcandra jaina ke zabdoM meM : "karmabaddha AtmA kI vizuddhi kI ora bar3hatI maMz2iloM kI mukti-yAtrA kA rUpaka hai yaha mahAkAvya / " mATI kI vedanA-vyathA ko kyA kabhI koI vyakti itanI mArmikatA se vyakta kara pAyA hai : "isa paryAya kI/iti kaba hogI ?...batA do, mA~ "ise ! ...kucha upAya karo mA~ !/khuda apAya haro mA~ ! aura suno,/vilamba mata karo/pada do, patha do/pAtheya bhI do mA~ !" (pR. 5) isa mahAkAvya meM racayitA ne zabdoM ke jo nae artha die haiM, ve vAstava meM camatkArI haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM "yuga ke Adi meM/isakA nAmakaraNa huA hai/kumbhakAra ! 'kuM' yAnI dharatI/aura/'bha' yAnI bhAgya-/yahA~ para jo bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho/kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai / " (pR. 28) isI taraha gadhe kI bhagavAn se yaha prArthanA dekheM : "merA nAma sArthaka ho prabho!/yAnI/gada kA artha hai roga hA kA artha hai hAraka/maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA baneM / "basa / " (pR. 40) 1. 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' 2. 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' 3. 'puNya kA pAlana : pApaprakSAlana' 4. 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha'- zIrSaka cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta isa mahAkAvya meM miTTI ke parizodhana se lekara kumbha banane, usake avA meM tapAne taka kI prakriyA na kevala kAvyabaddha hai apitu isa birala santa ne isake mAdhyama se jo vicAra die haiM ve vAstava meM hRdaya ko chUne vAle haiN|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 397 isa mahAkAvya meM aise eka nahIM aneka udAharaNa haiM jinameM kavi kA tattva-cintana pUrI taraha ubharakara sAmane AyA hai| kisI bhI racanA kI saphalatA tabhI hai jaba pAThaka pUre manoyoga se usameM kho jAya aura vaha racanA use bAra-bAra par3hane ko prerita karatI rahe / AcAryazrI kI yaha racanA isa dRSTi se saphalatama kRti kahI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki bAra-bAra par3ha kara hI pAThaka isake bhAvoM kI thAha pA sakatA hai| bhAratIya jJAnapITha ne na kevala jaina sAhitya apitu jainetara sAhitya ko bhI prakAza meM lAne kA jo bIr3A uThAyA hai vaha ni:sandeha abhinandanIya hai / lokodaya granthamAlA ke 465 veM granthAMka ke rUpa meM isa mahAn kRti ko prakAza meM lAkara jJAnapITha ne apanI sAhitya mAlA meM eka aura motI piro liyA hai| ['rAjasthAna patrikA' (dainika), jayapura-rAjasthAna, 28 akTUbara, 1990] 25 pRSTha 56 bIca meM hI ukaroMkI ora se... ...... aura kharA bane kaMcana-sA !"
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________________ sanmArga kI ora prerita karane vAlA mahAgrantha : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. gaMgAprasAda gupta 'barasaiMyA' AcArya vidyAsAgara deza ke jAne-mAne prakhyAta jaina santa haiM jinhoMne jIvana aura samAja ko bahuta nikaTa se bar3I gambhIratA se dekhA-jAnA-samajhA hai, aura bhAratIya AdhyAtmika vAGmaya tathA darzanoM kA sUkSma adhyayana-cintana-manana karate hue AtmasAt kara jIvana meM ekAkAra bhI kiyA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki unakI vANI kevala upadezaka kI vANI na hokara zrotAoM aura pariveza ke bhItara praveza kara mAnavIya AcaraNa ke lie utprerita karane vAlI cetanA-zakti bhI hai, jisake sAkSI unake tamAma ve grantha haiM jinameM unake vicAroM kA saMgraha hai athavA jinakI racanA unhoMne svayaM kI hai| una sabakA pramukha uddezya hai sadAcArI mAnavatA kI sthApanA aura mAnava-kalyANa, jahA~ viSayagata svArthoM kI kaluSatA kA sparza na ho aura na kisI prakAra kI saMkucita vRtti hI; jahA~ zRMgAra bhI adhyAtma se jur3a jAtA hai aura rAga-virAga ke antara samApta ho jAte haiN| mUkamATI' unakA navInatama 488 pRSThIya bRhat kAvya-grantha hai jisameM mATI ko racanA kA AdhAra banAyA gayA hai| mATI ko kendra meM rakhakara jIvana aura samAja ke vividha pakSoM kI jaisI gambhIra-vyApaka aura maulika vivecanA kI hai vaha unake cintana kA sAra kahA jA sakatA hai| mATI ko hamAre yahA~ bahuta sAdhAraNa, upekSaNIya tathA nirmUlya mAnA jAtA hai jabaki sRSTi kA sabhI kucha usa mATI para hI AdhArita hai / AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne apane isa grantha meM yahI pratipAdita karanA cAhA hai ki 'mATI' koI sAdhAraNa, gaira mahattvapUrNa, upekSaNIya vastu nahIM hai balki sabhI kA AdhAra aura sabhI kI jananI hai| sabhI para usakA mAtRvat mamatva hai / AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki mATI ko sRjana aura karma se samanvita kara samAja ke lie upayogI banAyA jAya / yaha bAta mATI para hI nahIM, sabhI para lAgU hotI hai / sRjana-zakti se rahita anapayogI vasta amalya hokara bhI nirmalya aura nirarthaka hai| kambhakAra kI sajana kalA kA saMsarga pAkara ghaTa ke rUpa meM vahI sabhI ke lie upayogI aura mahattvapUrNa bana jAtI hai / usakA jIvana sArthaka bana jAtA hai / kumbhakAra apane sRjana aura saMsarga se use saubhAgya pradAna karatA hai / aisA kumbhakAra, jisake mana meM uttama sRjanakalA bhAvanA ke sAtha hI vyaktigata svArtha kA na kaluSa hai aura na kisI ke prati koI kaSAya / aisI sArvajanIna sevA bhAvanA se sRjita kumbha bhI usI bhAvanA se ApUrita hai / kalAkAra kI bhAvanA hI to sRjana ko bhI bhAvanA maNDita karatI hai / svArtha aura ahaMkAra kI sImAoM se Upara uThe hue sRjana saMsAra kI viSama-se-viSama sthitiyoM se bhI saMgharSa kara apane lakSya ko pA lete haiN| bhayaMkara-se-bhayaMkara viparIta zaktiyA~ bhI antata: yA to parAjita hotI haiM athavA unakA hRdaya parivartita hotA hai / satya aura sarvakalyANa kI bhAvanAe~ sarvAdhika zaktizAlI tathA ajeya hotI haiM / rAga-dveSa, lAbha-alAbha tathA viSaya-vAsanAoM, vyaktigata mAnaasammAna kI bhAvanAoM se pare rahakara vinamratApUrvaka satya aura parahita ke mArga para calanevAle kabhI vicalita nahIM hote| zakti aura sampannatA se vyakti bar3A tathA mahattvapUrNa nahIM bana sakatA / vyakti ke AcaraNa aura bhAva-vicAra hI use mahAn banAte haiN| yahI isa 'mUkamATI' kA pramukha svara hai / isa racanA ke uddezya ko spaSTa karate hue svayaM svAmIjI likhate haiM : "jisake prati-prasaMga-paMkti se puruSa ko preraNA milatI hai-suSupta caitanya-zakti ko jAgRta karane kI; jisane varNajAti-kula Adi vyavasthA-vidhAna ko nakArA nahIM hai parantu janma ke bAda AcaraNa ke anurUpa, unameM ucca-nIcatA rUpa parivartana ko svIkArA hai / isIlie 'saMkara-doSa' se bacane ke sAtha-sAtha varNa-lAbha ko mAnava-jIvana kA audArya va sAphalya mAnA hai| jisane zuddha-sAttvika bhAvoM se sambandhita jIvana ko dharma kahA hai; jisakA prayojana sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM praviSTa huI kurItiyoM ko nirmUla karanA aura yuga ko zubha-saMskAroM se saMskArita
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 399 kara bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dekara vItarAga zramaNa-saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai aura jisakA nAmakaraNa huA hai... 'muukmaattii'|" ___ isa atukAnta bRhat kAvya saMgraha ko cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai- 1. saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha, 2. zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM, 3. puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana, 4.agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI raakh| pahale khaNDa meM kumbhakAra dvArA mATI ke parizodhana kA citraNa hai| kumbhakAra mATI ko kUTa-chAna kara, kaMkar3a Adi vikAroM se alaga kara sRjana ke yogya banAtA hai / sRjana ke viparIta AcaraNa vAle tatvoM ko yadi alaga na kiyA gayA to sRjana kI kriyA nirbAdha pUrI nahIM ho sakatI / yadi kisI prakAra pUrA kiyA bhI jAya to vaha nirdoSa nahIM ho sakatA / kaMkar3a Adi saba maMgala ghaTa ke sRjana meM bAdhaka haiN| ata: mATI ko sabase pahale doSa rahita kara nirmala, tarala aura locadAra rUpa diyA gyaa| yahA~ varNa kA Azaya raMga mAtra se na lekara AcaraNa se jor3A gayA hai : "varNa kA Azaya/na raMga se hai/na hI aMga se/varan cAla-caraNa, DhaMga se hai|" (pR. 47) zuddha aura locadAra mATI se hI ghaTa kA sRjana sambhava hai / kumbhakAra kI Antarika bhAvanA hI mATI ko maMgala ghaTa kA AkAra degii| dUsare khaNDa meM kumbhakAra dvArA kudAlI se mATI khodate samaya kA~Te ko lagI coTa ke Akroza aura pratikAra bhAvanA kA varNana hai / kumbhakAra dvArA glAni aura kheda vyakta karane para kA~Te kA Akroza zAnta ho jAtA hai / isI khaNDa meM kavi ne sabhI rasoM ke rUpoM aura svabhAvoM kA vistRta kintu sUkSma vivecana kiyA hai| isake sAtha hI saMgIta, prakRti, RtuoM Adi kA bhI citraNa hai jisameM dArzanika vivecana kA prabhAva hai| yahA~ Akara mUla kathA Thahara-sI jAtI hai| pravAha avaruddha ho jAtA hai / kathA ke atirikta anya bAteM pramukha ho jAtI haiN| bIca-bIca meM use mUla se jor3ane kA smaraNa-sA karAyA jAtA hai kintu kathA ko gati nahIM miltii| AdhyAtmika aura dArzanika vivecana ke sAgara meM kathA vilupta-sI lagatI hai| tIsare khaNDa meM kathA ko nayA jIvana milatA hai / kumbhakAra ke mAdhyama se mATI ke uddhAra aura vikAsa kA citraNa karate hue puNya karmoM kI mahattA aura pApa karmoM se mukta rahane kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| dharatI ke prati nAnA prakAra ke atyAcAra kie jAne para bhI vaha saba sahatI hai : "apane sAtha durvyavahAra hone para bhI/pratikAra nahIM karane kA saMkalpa liyA hai dharatI ne,/isIlie to dharatI/sarva-sahA kahalAtI hai sarva-svAhA nhiiN|" (pR. 190) eka hI tattva apane svabhAva ke kAraNa acchA-burA banatA hai / sAgara ratnAkara bhI hai aura viSa kA bhaNDAra bhii| dharatI kA sArA vaibhava usake pAsa hai / bA~sa, nAga, sUkara, matsya, gaja, megha, zuktikA Adi sabhI meM motI hotA hai| ye sabhI dharatI se poSita haiN| phira bhI IrSyA karane vAle dharatI kA apakAra karate haiN| candramA, sAgara, jala isI prakRti ke haiN| sAgara ne kambhakAra dvArA nirmita mATI ke ghaTa ko varSA se galAkara naSTa karane kA parA prayAsa kiyA. kyoMki 'sAgara meM paropakArI buddhi kA abhAva janmajAta abhAva hai|' 'artha kI A~kheM jaba paramArtha ko dekhane meM asamartha hotI haiM to isI prakAra ke kuvicAra utpanna hote haiN| dharatI to mA~ hai-udAra, sahanazIla, saMyamI / strI, mahilA, nArI, abalA, sutA, duhitA, kumArI, mAtA, aMganA Adi sabhI dharatI ke hI rUpa haiM jo mRdutA, muditA, zIlA, saralA, taralA guNoM se yukta
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________________ 400 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA. haiN| usake evaM sUrya ke prabhAva ke kAraNa badaliyoM se pAnI ke sthAna para kumbhakAra ke A~gana meM motiyoM kI varSA hone lagI : " muktA kI varSA hotI / apakva kumbhoM para / kumbhakAra ke prAMgaNa meM...! pUjaka kA avataraNa !/ pUjya padoM meM praNipAta / " (pR. 210 ) muktAvRSTi kI carcA rAjA taka phuNcii| lobhI rAjA ne motiyoM ko borI meM bharavAne kI ceSTA kii| tabhI AkAzavANI huI ki yaha anartha hai| 'binA zrama ke dUsaroM kA dhana lenA pApa hai / ' sparza karate hI motI bicchU ke DaMka sama ge| loga mUrcchita ho gae / rAjA ghabarAyA / antataH kumbhakAra ne svataH rAjA ko motI samarpita kara die / Aja sarvatra artha-saMcaya aura artha - moha hI vyApta hai / yahI anartha kA kAraNa hai : "kali- kAla kI vaiSayika chA~va meM / prAya: yahI sIkhA hai isa vizva ne vaizyavRtti ke pariveza meM - / vezyAvRtti kI vaiyAvRtya !" (pR. 217) sAgara kI IrSyA aura ahaM kama hone kI bajAya nirantara bar3hatA gayA / dharatI kI rakSA ke lie sUrya aura sAgara meM saMgharSa hotA hai / sAgara nAnA prakAra se kumbha ko naSTa karane ke lie dharatI para prahAra karatA hai / rAhu kA AhvAna / oloM kI varSA / indra kA Agamana / vAyu dvArA dharatI kI rakSA / kumbha aura kumbhakAra ananya vizvAsa se sthira / antataH jalaplAvana ke pazcAt unakI rakSA hotI hai / caturtha khaNDa meM kumbhakAra kumbha ko pUrNa susajjita AkRti pradAna karane ke bAda agni meM pakAne ke lie avA vyavasthA karatA hai / agni meM tapakara hI koI bhI sAdhaka nirmala aura nirdoSa bana sakatA hai| jo agni ke tApa ko sahakara bhI sthira hai vahI siddha aura saphala sAdhaka hai, jo kisI bhI paristhiti meM avicala raha sakatA hai| sAdhaka ko tapana kI anubhUti hotI hai| yahA~ kavi ne babUla kI lakar3I, kumbhakAra aura agni ke paraspara saMvAdoM dvArA kaI tathyoM kA udghATana tathA vivecana kiyA hai / kumbha kA agni ke prati yaha kathana bar3A mahattvapUrNa hai : " mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI / mujhe jilAnA hai / " (pR. 277) aise saMkalpavAnoM ko hI agni meM bhI rasAnubhUti hotI hai : " rasa kA svAda usI rasanA ko AtA hai / jo jIne kI icchA se hI nahIM, mRtyu kI bhIti se bhI Upara uThI hai|" (pR. 281 ) apane vyaktitva ko pUrNataH tirohita kara kumbha karttavya sattA meM DUbatA hai / pariNAma paridhi se Upara uThanA yA na uThanA, yaha to sAdhaka para nirbhara hai ki vaha ziva bananA cAhatA hai athavA zava / isa caturtha khaNDa ko itanA vividhavarNI banAyA gayA hai ki use sameTa pAnA sAmAnya vyakti ke sAmarthya kI bAta nahIM ho sakatI / avA taiyAra karane se lekara pake hue kumbha ko bAhara nikAlakara, phira jo usakI yAtrA aMkita kI gaI hai usameM jIvana-jagat ke prAya: sabhI pakSoM ko jor3A gayA hai| yathA - lakar3I kI vedanA, agni kI bhAvanA, kumbhakAra kI kalpanA, adhyAtma-darzana kI vivecanA, kumbha kA parIkSaNa, isI ke sAtha saMgIta ke sapta svaroM kI navIna vyAkhyA, jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna, zrama aura kalA kI mahattA kA pratipAdana, seTha dvArA kumbha kA maMgala kalaza ke rUpa meM usakI sajjA, seTha ke yahA~ svAmIjI (santa) kA Agamana, mATI ke kumbha ke jala se svAmIjI kI arcanA, sonA-cA~dI evaM ratna - sphaTika pAtroM kI upekSA se pIr3A, gocara vRtti tathA bhramara vRtti Adi kI vivecanA, satpAtra kI mImAMsA, santoM kI paribhASA,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 401 svarNa kalaza aura mATI ke kalaza kA vArtAlApa, kumbha aura mATI kA vAda-vivAda, anya sabhI pAtroM kI uttejanA kA citraNa, macchara-matkuNa prasaMga, seTha kI mUrchA, aneka prakAra ke upacAroM kI carcA, puruSa aura prakRti ke sambandhoM kA vizleSaNa, kaliyuga meM artha kA prAdhAnya, mATI se sarvottama upacAra kI vidhi-vivecanA, AtaMkavAda kA udbhava Adi / AtaMkavAda ko lekara vistRta citraNa kiyA gayA hai aura usI ke mAdhyama se anya tamAma bAtoM kI carcA tathA vivecanA kI gaI hai| Aja sAre deza meM AtaMkavAda kA jora hai jo sAre niyama-kAyadoM, naitikatA-maryAdA aura paramparAoM kI hatyA kara manamAnI karane para utArU hai / hiMsA, lUTapATa, durAcAra hI usakA caritra hai / AtaMkavAda ke Dara se seTha parivAra kumbha ke nirdeza para ghara chor3akara palAyana karatA hai kintu AtaMkavAda apanI vividha zaktiyoM se kumbha tathA seTha parivAra ko vinaSTa karane kI pUrI ceSTA karatA hai- kabhI bhArI varSA, olAvRSTi, jalaplAvana, jala-jantuoM kA prayoga Adi / lekina isI ke sAtha kabhI gaja yA sarpa daloM dvArA, kabhI pavana dvArA kumbha va seTha parivAra kI nirantara rakSA bhii| kumbha dvArA nadI ko DA~Takara dharatI kI maulika vyAkhyA / antataH nadI ke Akroza kA zamana / hRdaya-parivartana / AtaMkavAda dvArA punaH prayAsa kintu nadI dvArA asahayoga / nadI spaSTa kahatI hai : "aba/bala kA durupayoga nahIM hogA/samarpaNa ho cukA hai UrjA upAsanA meM ulaTa cukI hai/ura meM udAratA uga cukI hai|" (pR. 459) phira bhI durAgrahI, ahaMkArI AtaMkavAda mAnane ko taiyAra nhiiN| vaha pattharoM kI varSA kara sabhI ko pAtAla bhejane kI cetAvanI detA hai / jAla meM phaMsAne kI ceSTA tathA devatAoM kI bhI upekSA karatA hai| AtaMkavAda parAjita huaa| usakI sArI kuceSTAe~ viphala ho giiN| seTha parivAra kumbha aura rassI ke sahAre sakuzala surakSita nadI pAra ho gayA aura isa prakAra antata: satya aura sadAcAra kI vijaya huI : "AtaMkavAda kA anta/aura/anantavAda kA zrIgaNeza!" (pR. 478) kumbha kI saphalatA para mA~ dharatI sahita sabhI ko hArdika prasannatA huii| sabhI ke bhItara maMgalamayI bhAvanAoM kA udaya huaa| svayaM kumbha ke mukha se maMgalavANI nikalI : "yahA~ saba kA sadA/jIvana bane maMgalamaya/chA jAve sukha-chA~va, sabake saba TaleM-/amaMgala-bhAva,/saba kI jIvana latA harita-bharita viha~sita ho/guNa ke phUla vilasita hoN|" (pR. 478) isa prakAra jIvana-sAdhanA ke cAra sarga udghATita hue- 1. kumbhakAra ke saMsarga se sRjanazIla jIvana kA prArambha, 2. caraNoM meM samarpaNa se ahaM kA utsarga, 3. samarpaNa ke bAda kaThina-se-kaThina parIkSAe~, 4. parIkSA ke bAda prApta prinnaam| anta meM apane sRjana se mATI ko sArthakatA pradAna karane vAle kumbhakAra dvArA sabhI ke prati kRtajJatA vyakta kI gii| sAdhu mahArAja dvArA zAzvata sukha ke lAbha kA zubhAzISa / avinazvara sukha kI vyAkhyA karate hue akhaNDa vizvAsa kI abhivyakti kI jAtI hai : "bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA/AmUla miTa jAnA hI/mokSa hai| isI kI zuddha-dazA meM/avinazvara sukha hotA hai|" (pR. 486) "vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI/avazya milegI magara/mArga meM nahIM, maMjila para!" (pR. 488)
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________________ 402 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA - "jisane dharatI kI zaraNa lI hai/dharatI pAra utAratI hai use yaha dharatI kA niyama hai"vrata!" (pR. 451) 'mUkamATI' ko mahAkAvya kI kasauTI meM kasakara usake zAstrIya parIkSaNa kA koI bahuta aucitya Aja ke sandarbha meM nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha vivAda kA viSaya hogA / taya hai ki zAstrIya kasauTI para ise mahAkAvya siddha karane meM kaThinAI hogI lekina viSaya vistAra, viSaya vaividhya, AkAra aura bhASA tathA AlaMkArika kalevara kI dRSTi se yaha nirvivAdata: mahAkAvyIya garimA se yukta mahattvapUrNa bRhat kAvya hai| dharatI aura zilpakAra, sarjaka aura sRjana, mATI aura kumbhakAra, tattva aura karma ke ekIkaraNa se sArthakatA kI sthApanA karate hue usameM mATI se kumbha kI racanA aura phira aneka saMgharSa tathA viparItatAoM ko apanI sAdhanA aura AcaraNa se sabake maMgala ke saMkalpa ke sAtha kumbha kI saphala aura yazasvI yAtrA kA citraNa to hai hI, usa yAtrA ke mAdhyama se jIvana-jagat, adhyAtma aura darzana, manuSya aura samAja, sat aura asat, tyAga aura saMgraha, ahaMkAra aura vinamratA, satya aura asatya, vidyA aura avidyA, jJAna aura ajJAna, hiMsA aura ahiMsA, udAratA aura kRpaNatA, sevA aura zoSaNa, rAga aura virAga, lobha aura dAna, vaibhava aura sAdagI kI sahaja, maulika tathA tarkasaMgata vivecanAe~ bhI kI gaI haiN| pUrA grantha sUktiyoM kA mahattvapUrNa aura mUlyavAn saMgraha kahA jA sakatA hai / sthAna-sthAna para paMkti-paMkti meM sUktiyA~ saMyojita kI gaI haiN| grantha meM prArambha se anta taka sUktiyoM ke motI camakate dikhAI dete haiN| ye sUktiyA~ pAThaka ke bhItara eka nae artha kI udbhAvanA karatI haiN| ina sUktiyoM meM jIvana kA sAra bharA huA pratIta hotA hai / udAharaNArtha : - "artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatIM / " (pR. 192) 0 "hI' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai/ bhI anekAnta,syAdvAda kA prtiik|" (pR.172) 0 hI pazcimI-sabhyatA hai/ 'bhI' hai bhAratIya sNskRti,bhaagy-vidhaataa|" (pR.173) 0 "hiMsA kI hiMsA karanA hI/ahiMsA kI pUjA hai "prshNsaa|" (pR. 233) "vikAsa ke krama taba uThate haiM/jaba mati sAtha detI hai|" (pR. 164) __ "vinAza ke krama taba juTate haiM/jaba rati sAtha detI hai|" (pR. 164) 0 "paramArtha tulatA nahIM kabhI/artha kI tulA meN|" (pR. 142) "jo samyak sarakatA hai/vaha saMsAra kahalAtA hai|" (pR. 161) "saMgIta use mAnatA hU~/jo saMgAtIta hotA hai/aura prIti use mAnatA hU~/jo aMgAtIta hotI hai|" (pR. 144-145) __"vAsanA kA vilAsa/moha hai,/dayA kA vikAsa/mokSa hai|" (pR. 38) 0 "jJAna kA padArtha kI ora/dulaka jAnA hI/parama Arta pIr3A hai,/aura jJAna meM padArthoM kA/jhalaka AnA hI-/paramArtha krIr3A hai|" (pR. 124) "lobhIpApI mAnava/pANigrahaNa ko bhI/prANa-grahaNa kA rUpa dete haiN|"(pR.386) __"pracAra-prasAra se dUra/prazasta AcAra-vicAra vAloM kA jIvana hI samAjavAda hai / " (pR. 461) "karuNA-rasa jIvana kA prANa hai/"zAnta-rasa jIvana kA gAna hai| Oo oo oooooo
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 403 ...saba rasoM kA anta honA hI-/zAnta-rasa hai / " (pR. 159-160) jIvana kI sArthakatA sevA, zAnti aura vinamratA meM hai| svArtha aura ahaMkAra ke vazIbhUta hokara use raNa banAnA buddhimAnI nahIM hai / isIlie ve isase bacane kI bAta kahate haiM : "jIvana ko mata raNa banAo/prakRti mA~ kA na mana dukhAo !" (pR. 149) / ve AtmA ko chor3akara sabhI ko vismRta karanA zreyaskara aura puruSArtha mAnate haiM : "AtmA ko chor3akara/ saba padArthoM ko vismRta karanA hI/sahI puruSArtha hai" (pR. 349) / / jisameM dravaNazIlatA nahIM hai vaha jar3a aura mUlyahIna hai / udAratA aura taralatA hI mUlya kA AdhAra hai : "dukhI-daridra jIvana ko dekhakara/jo dravIbhUta hotA hai vahI dravya anamola mAnA hai|" (pR. 365) 'apane aura parAe ko jAnanA-samajhanA hI to sahI jJAna' hai| binA usake jJAna kaisA ?: " 'sva' ko sva ke rUpa meM / 'para' ko para ke rUpa meM/jAnanA hI sahI jJAna hai, aura/'sva' meM ramaNa karanA/sahI jJAna kA 'phl'|" (pR. 375) jinake mana meM ISyA, dveSa aura ahaMkAra se pare, apane-parAe kI bhAvanA se dUra rahakara samatA kA niSkaluSa bhAva hai, ve hI sacce sAdhaka, siddha, saphala mAnava haiN| unake lie jIvana meM kucha bhI durlabha nahIM hai| ve kisI kI upekSA nahIM karate aura kisI ke mukhApekSI bhI nahIM hote : "jo mA~-sattA kI ora bar3ha rahA hai/samatA kI sIr3hiyA~ car3ha rahA hai usakI dRSTi meM/sone kI giTTI aura miTTI/eka hai aura hai aisA hI tattva!" (pR. 420) artha aura pada ke lobhIjana apane svArthI durAcAra se na kevala apane ko kaluSita karate haiM balki padoM kI garimA bhI khaNDita karate haiN| pada pAne aura unheM surakSita rakhane ke lie na jAne kina-kina hathakaNDoM aura duSkRtyoM kA prayoga karate haiN| pariNAmata: Aja koI bhI pada nirdoSa aura nirmala tathA jana hitakArI nahIM rahA : "padavAle hI padopalabdhi hetu/para ko pada-dalita karate haiM, pApa-pAkhaNDa karate haiN|" (pR. 434) AcAryajI kI mAnyatA hai ki jaba taka jIvana aura samAja ke bIca ahaMkArI, lobhI AtaMkavAda jIvita hai taba taka zAnti kI sthApanA nahIM ho sakatI : "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI/dharatI yaha / " (pR. 441) AtaMkavAda sabhI prakAra ke bhraSTAcAra, durAcAra, hiMsA aura pAkhaNDa ko poSita-pallavita karatA hai / isa AtaMkavAda ko bhI samatA, vinamratA aura sadAcAra se hI badalA jA sakatA hai| use daNDita karake naSTa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| phira krUratA se daNDita karanA bhI to aparAdha hai :
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________________ 404 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "jise daNDa diyA jA rahA hai/usakI unnati kA avasara hI samApta / daNDa-saMhitA isako mAne yA na mAne, / krUra aparAdhI ko krUratA se daNDita karanA bhI eka aparAdha hai, nyAya-mArga se skhalita honA hai|" (pR. 431) AcAryajI kI yaha bhI mAnyatA hai ki puruSa aura prakRti kA milana hI kisI bhI tattva yA jIvana kI saphalatA aura sArthakatA hai / prakRti ke viparIta calakara manuSya na to sukhI ho sakatA hai aura na hI yazasvI / prakRti prema meM hI saccA sukha aura puruSArtha kI siddhi hai : "prakRti se viparIta calanA/sAdhanA kI rIta nahIM hai/... 'prIti binA rIti nahIM - aura/rIti binA gIta nahIM/ apanI jIta kA-/sAdhita zAzvata satya kA / .....puruSa hotA hai bhoktA/aura/bhogyA hotI prakRti / " (pR. 391) "puruSa ke jIvana kA jJApana/prakRti para hI AdhArita hai| prakRti yAnI nArI nAr3I ke vilaya meM/puruSa kA jIvana hI samApta !/... puruSa aura prakRti ina donoM ke khela kA nAma hI/saMsAra hai, yaha kahanA mUr3hatA hai, moha kI mahimA mAtra!.../'prakRti kA prema pAye binA puruSa kA puruSArtha phalatA nhiiN|" (pR. 392-395) isa prakAra mATI kI kahAnI ke sAtha jIvana-jagat aura adhyAtma darzana ke gUDhAtigUDha tathyoM ko bar3I kuzalatA, saralatA se AcAryajI ne isa grantha meM prastuta kiyA hai| grantha meM prayukta zabdAvalI unake navIna aura maulika artha tathA vyAkhyAe~ jahA~ AcAryajI kI vidvattA, bahujJatA aura cintanazIlatA kA paricaya dete haiM vahIM unakI navIna dRSTi kI bhI sAkSI hai / ve zabdoM aura eka-eka varNa kI aisI tArkika vyAkhyA karate haiM ki kaI bAra cakita raha jAnA par3atA hai / zabda ke vargoM ko ulaTa kara, varNoM ko idhara-udhara kara aisA artha udghATita karate haiM jo sAmAnya ke lie sambhava hI nahIM hai / udAharaNa ke lie dharatI ke sandarbha meM (pR.28, 452-453) Adi para tathA nArI ke lie prayukta vibhinna zabdoM ke, jo unhoMne artha udghATita kie haiM, ve usakI taha taka pahu~cAne vAle haiM / nArI, mahilA, kumArI, strI, sutA, duhitA, abalA, mAtR, aMganA Adi kI vyAkhyAe~ bhI isI prakAra kI haiM, jo pR. 201-207 para avalokanIya haiN| isameM zabdoM ko ulaTa-palaTa kara bhI nae artha prastuta kie haiM, yathA : rAkha-kharA, rAhI-hIrA, lAbha-bhalA aadi| rasa aura alaMkAroM kA prayoga bharapUra hai| upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka to prAyaH mileMge hii| rasoM kA vizada vivecana prastuta karate hue unake svarUpa aura prabhAva kA prabhAvI aMkana kiyA hai| isa prakAra se kaI aMza bar3e utkRSTa bana par3e haiN| isI prakAra vAtAvaraNa athavA bhAvoM ke citraNa meM jisa bhASA-zailI kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai vahA~ sAre citra sajIva ho uThe haiN| cAhe vaha samudra kA pralayaMkArI rUpa ho athavA AtaMkavAda kI bhayAvahatA / isI prakAra prakRti-citraNa ke bhI kaI citra mArmika aura mohaka bana par3e haiN| kahAvatoM, muhAvaroM ke saTIka prayoga ke sAtha hI sabhI bhASAoM ke zabdoM kA bedhar3aka prayoga kiyA gayA hai / urdU, phArasI, hindI, saMskRta, rAjasthAnI yahA~ taka ki aMgrejI ke zabda bhI prayukta kie gae haiN| AnuprAsikatA ke lie kahIM-kahIM kI gaI koziza spaSTa dikhAI detI hai / isa prayAsa meM zabdoM ke svarUpa meM parivartana kI bhI ceSTA kI gaI haiM, jo khaTakatI haiM, yathA :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 405 "Aja!/osa ke kaNoM meM/ullAsa - umaMga hAsa - damaMga/hoza naz2ara A rahA hai / " (pR. 21) isI prakAra: "AsthA se rItA jIvana/yaha cArmika vatana hai, mA~ !" (pR. 16) yoM kAvya-yAtrA meM zabda AcAryajI ke samakSa karabaddha khar3e-se pratIta hote haiM aura ve unakA kisI bhI prakAra se prayoga karane meM sakSama bhI haiM kintu uparyukta prayoga aspaSTatA aura khuradurApana kA bodha karAte haiN| eka-do udAharaNa aura bhI: 0 "isa para prabhu pharmAte haiN|" (pR. 150) 0 "mATI ke mukha para/krudhana kI sAja kyoM nahIM chAI ?" (pR. 30) isI prakAra mATI kI saMvadenazIlatA kI tulanA gadahe se karanA bhI prItikAra nahIM lgaa| yaha alaga bAta hai ki gadahA kA artha (gada-roga, hA-hAraka) rogoM kA hantA batAyA gayA hai| phira bhI bhAratIya janamAnasa meM yaha prayoga pracalita nahIM hai| piMDaliyoM para lipaTI gIlI miTTI kI tulanA candana taru para lipaTI nAgina se karanA bhI saTIka nahIM lagatA / isameM sAmya kA aucitya nahIM hai / nAgina patalI rassI-sI aura miTTI gIlI lepa-sI / isa prakAra ke prayoga kahIM-kahIM avazya khaTakate haiN| mUla kathA ke pravAha meM avAntara prasaMgoM ne kaI bAra bAdhAe~ upasthita kI haiN| phalata: mUla kathA vahA~ gauNa aura avAntara kathAe~ pradhAna bana gaI haiN| yaha bAta pada-pada para dekhI jA sakatI hai| rassI kI gA~Tha aura machalI kA prasaMga, zUla kI mahattA kA pratipAdana, rasa vivecana, AtaMkavAda Adi pacAsoM prasaMga isa prakAra ke haiM jo kathA se sIdhe sambaddha nahIM haiN| bhale hI unakA AdhyAtmika aura dArzanika mahattva adhika ho| vahA~ kathA yA to zithila hai athavA vilupta yA khaNDita / pariNAmata: pAThaka Ubate hue chUTI kathA kA sUtra pAne ke lie vyagra ho uThatA hai| cetana va zilpI jaise bahuta se prasaMga apanI atidIrghatA aura vyAkhyAtmakatA ke kAraNa bhI bojhila bana gae haiM / yadyapi zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ke 'prastavana' aura AcAryajI ke 'mAnasa taraMga' meM viSaya ke nihita gUr3ha tathyoM ko bakhUbI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| isase bar3I sahAyatA milatI hai| isa bRhad grantha meM Adyanta AcArya-manovRtti kA AdhyAtmika va dArzanika cintana mukhara aura pramukha hai| zailI pravacanAtmaka, upadezAtmaka hai jisameM vivecana ke bAda niSkarSAtmaka rUpa meM tathyoM ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ve bIca-bIca meM masalana, yU~ kaheM, tAtparya yaha, artha yaha, isase yahI phalita huA' Adi kA prayoga karate haiM : 0 "artha yaha huA ki/pIr3A kI ati hI/pIr3A kI iti hai|" (pR.33) 0 "isase yahI phalita huA/ki/saMgharSamaya jIvana kA/upasaMhAra niyamarUpa se/harSamaya hotA hai, dhanya !" (pR.14) isa sabake bAda bhI yaha eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa kAvyakRti hai jisameM jIvana jagat ke vividha kSetroM kA, zabdoM meM nihita arthoM kA aura mAnavIya AcaraNa kI vizada, gambhIra aura sahaja vivecanA kara sAttvika, tyAgI, maMgalakArI sAdhanA ko sarvazreSTha aura ajeya batAyA gayA hai| mATI ko racanA kA AdhAra banAkara itane bar3e grantha kA praNayana hI apane Apa meM eka aitihAsika upalabdhi hai| jisa lekhanI se isa mahAgrantha kA sRjana huA hai usakI dRSTi sAttvika, udAra aura para-hitakArI hai / jo lekhanI sRjana ke isa uddezya kI pUrti karatI hai, vahI sArthaka hai / tulasIdAsa ne "kIrati bhaniti
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________________ 406 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA bhUti bhala soI / surasari sama saba kaha~ hita hoI" kahA hai / AcAryajI kI mAnyatA hai ki sArthaka lekhanI sadaiva pApAcAroM, durAcAroM, durvicAroM ko lalakArane aura dhikkArane vAlI hotI hai| tabhI to lekhanI spaSTa bolatI hai : "lekhanI yaha bola par3I ki -/ adha:pAtinI, vizvaghAtinI isa durbuddhi ke lie/dhikkAra ho, dhikkAra ho ! AtatAyinI, ArtadAyinI/dIrgha godha-sI isa dhana-gRddhi ke lie,/dhikkAra ho, dhikkAra ho !" (pR. 197) kyoMki sRjana to vahI hai jisameM sabhI kA hita samanvita ho : 0 "hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai aura/sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai,/artha yaha huA ki jisake avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava-sampAdana ho/sahI sAhitya vahI hai ...isa sAhitya ko/A~kheM bhI par3ha sakatI haiM/kAna bhI suna sakate haiM isakI sevA hAtha bhI kara sakate haiM/yaha sAhitya jIvanta hai nA!" (pR. 111) . "koI bhI kalA ho/kalA mAtra se jIvana meM sukha-zAnti-sampannatA AtI hai |"(pR. 396) isa uttama maMgalakArI cetanAmaya prakaraNa se sanmArga kI ora prerita karane vAle navIna bhAvabhUti se yukta mahAgrantha kI racanA ke lie AcAryajI abhinandanIya aura praNamya haiN| unakA santatva kRti meM sarvatra vyApta aura jIvanta hai| pRSTha 485 samagra saMsarI duHkhase bharapUra hai,.... ... apanA anubhava nA salA
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : manorama mahAkAvya DaoN. gaMgAsahAya premI maiMne parama santa AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara ke darzanoM kA hI saubhAgya lAbha prApta nahIM kiyA hai apitu lagabhaga eka Adhe ghaNTe taka unase sArthaka, sAragarbhita vArtAlApa karane kA gaurava bhI prApta kiyA hai / vaha bhI usa samaya/dina jaba unakA maunavrata thaa| mujha jaise atisAdhAraNa vyakti ke lie unakA maunavrata tyAga karanA kama se kama mere lie mahatI upalabdhi hai| unakI advitIya kAvyakRti para vivecanA/samAlocanA bhI usI koTi kI garimAmayI ghaTanA hai| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM aise aneka pakSa sambhava haiM, jina para vistArapUrvaka lekhana karake bhI mana santuSTa nahIM hogaa| mujhe do binduoM ko AdhAra banAkara vicAra vyakta karanA hai| pahalA 'bhASA saundarya' tathA dUsarA 'sAmayika jIvana kI samasyAe~ aura nidaan|' __ zAstrIya mAnyatA ke anusAra rasa kAvya kI AtmA hai to zabdArtha usake zarIra kA sthAna grahaNa karate haiN| zabda aura artha kI pRthak-pRthak mahattA kI parikalpanA mRga-marIcikA athavA AkAza kusuma ke samAna hai / zabda aura artha meM zabda zarIra hai tathA artha usameM jIvana-saMcAra karane vAlI AtmA / zabda ke binA artha kI abhivyakti sambhava nahIM hai to artha ke abhAva meM zabda nirarthaka evaM niSprayojya bana jAtA hai| ___ zabda aura artha kI saMgati arthAt sArthaka zabdoM kI kramabaddha evaM niyamAnukUla sthiti 'vAkya' hai / vAkyoM kA samUha hI 'bhASA' hai / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM AcAryazrI ne sarvAdhika dhyAna bhASA saundarya arthAt zabda yojanA para kendrita rakhA hai / yaha svIkAra karane meM kisI ko vicikitsA zobhA nahIM detii| bhASA saundarya ke aneka AyAma sambhava haiM / jaise-zabda vyutpatti, dhvani sAmya, navIna artha kI sthApanA, zabdAlaMkAra, arthAlaMkAra Adi / AcAryazrI saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke apratima manISI haiN| yaha tathya isa mahAkAvya meM yatratatra vicitra zabda vyutpatti ke jharokhe se jhA~katA pratIta hotA hai, yathA : "kumbhakAra !'/'kuM' yAnI dharatI/aura/'bha' yAnI bhAgya yahA~ para jo/bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho/kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai|" (pR. 28) 'gadahA' arthAt gadhA zabda kI vyutpatti : "merA nAma sArthaka ho prabho !/yAnI/'gada' kA artha hai roga 'hA' kA artha hai hAraka/maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA banUM/"basa !" (pR. 40) isI prakAra 'rassI' zabda kI vyutpatti, jisameM rasanA rassI se kahatI hai : "orI rassI !/merI aura terI/nAmarAzi eka hI hai/parantu/Aja tU rasa-sI nahIM,/nirI nIrasa laga rahI hai|" (pR. 62) 'AdamI' zabda kI manorama vyutpatti : "saMyama ke binA AdamI nahIM/yAnI/AdamI vahI hai jo yathA-yogya/sahI AdamI hai|" (pR. 64) 'kRpANa' zabda kI vyutpatti :
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________________ 408 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "kRpANa kRpAlu nahIM haiM/ve svayaM kahate haiM hama haiM kRpANa/hama meM kRpA na !" (pR. 73) 'kambala' kI vyutpatti : "kama balavAle hI/kambala vAle hote haiM !" (pR. 92) 'kAyaratA' kI vyutpatti : "tAmasatA kAya-ratA hai/vahI sahI mAyane meM/bhItarI kAyaratA hai !" (pR. 94) 'dhokhA' kI vyutpatti : "dhokhA diyA ! dhokhA hI sahI/yU~ bAra-bAra kaha, use bhI puruSa ne A~khoM ke jala se/dho, khA diyaa|" (pR. 122) 'saMgIta' tathA 'prIti' zabda kI vyAkhyA : "saMgIta use mAnatA hU~/jo saMgAtIta hotA hai aura prIti use mAnatA hU~/jo aMgAtIta hotI hai !" (pR. 144-145) aneka sthAnoM para AcAryazrI ne zabdoM ke varNa-viparyaya dvArA arthAt akSaroM ko Age-pIche karake bhI zabdoM kI vyutpatti kara unakI sArthakatA ko rekhAMkita kiyA hai, jaise : yAda aura dayA : "sva kI yAda hI/sva-dayA hai/viloma-rUpa se bhI yahI artha nikalatA hai/yA "da "da "yaa"|" (pR. 38) hIrA aura rAhI : "rAhI bananA hI to/hIrA bananA hai,/svayaM rAhI zabda hI viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai-/rA"hI"hI"rA!" (pR. 57) kharA aura rAkha : "tana aura mana ko/tapa kI Aga meM/tapA-tapA kara/jalA-jalA kara rAkha karanA hogA/yatanA ghora karanA hogA/tabhI kahIM cetana-AtmA kharA utregaa|/khraa zabda bhI svayaM/viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai rAkha bane binA/kharA-darzana kahA~ ?/rA"kha"kha"rA!" (pR. 57) lAbha aura bhalA : "sukha yA du:kha ke lAbha meM bhI/bhalA chupA huA rahatA hai, dekhane se dikhatA hai samatA kI A~khoM se,/lAbha zabda hI svayaM viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai-/lAbha"bha' "lA"!" (pR. 87) bhASA kI karNasukha-sAdhaka kSamatA anuprAsa alaMkAra evaM dhvani sAmya ke mAdhyama se rUpa grahaNa karatI hai| bhASA AcAryazrI ke saMketa para kaThaputalI-sI nartana karatI huI pratyeka pRSTha para dhvani sAmya evaM anuprAsa alaMkAra ko luTAtIsI pratIta hotI hai / pramANa ke rUpa meM kucha uddharaNa prastuta haiM : 0 "abalA bAlAyeM saba/taralA tArAyeM aba / " (pR. 2)
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________________ O O "AsthA ke binA rAstA nahIM / mUla ke binA cUla nahIM / " (pR. 10) "yaha jIvana bodhita ho, / abhibhUta huA, mA~ ! / kucha halakA - sA lagA kucha jhalakA-sA / anubhUta huA, mA~!" (pR. 14-15 ) zabda-saundarya, varNa-maitrI evaM saMgItamayatA ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM kucha paMktiyA~ prastuta haiM : O " jahA~ kahIM bhI dekhA / mahi meM mahimA hima kI mahakI, / aura Aja ! ghanI aliguNa - hanI / zani kI khanI-sI / bhaya-mada- agha kI janI duguNI ho AI rAta hai / " (pR. 91) 0 " svara ke binA svAgata kisa vidha sambhava hai / zAzvata bhAsvata sukha kA !" (yahA~ za aura bha ko parivartita kara diyA gayA hai ) svara saMgIta kA prANa hai/saMgIta sukha kI rIr3ha hai /aura sukha pAnA hI saba kA dhyeya / isa viSaya meM sandeha ko geha kahA~ ? niHsandeha kaha sakate haiM - /videha bananA ho to mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 409 O viSaya-vastu evaM kathya ke anurUpa AcAryazrI ne sarala, gahana evaM prAMjala bhASA kA prayoga karake zabda zAstra evaM bhASA vijJAna para apane asAdhAraNa adhikAra kA paricaya diyA hai| AcAryazrI kA uddezya hai - bhAva sampreSaNa / isake hetu unhoMne urdU ke pracalita evaM sarala zabdoM kA prayoga karane meM raMca mAtra bhI saMkoca nahIM kiyA, jaise : O svara kI deha ko svIkAratA denI hogI / ... isa para sAfa-sAfa kahatA hai zilpI kA sAfa-sutharA sAfA / khAdI kA - / puruSa aura prakRti ke saMgharSa se khara-nazvara prakRti se/ubharate haiM svara !/ para, parama puruSa se nahIM / du:svara ho yA susvara / sAre svara nazvara haiM / " (pR. 143) 66 '... vaha rAhI / guma-rAha ho sakatA hai / usake mukha se phira g2ama-Aha nikala sakatI hai| " (pR. 12) "Aja ! / osa ke kaNoM meM / ullAsa - umaMga / hAsa-damaMga / hoza naz2ara A rahA hai| Aja ! / joza ke kSaNoM meM / prakAza - asaMga / vikAsa abhaMga /toSa naz2ara A rahA hai| Aja ! / roSa ke manoM meM / udAsa - anaMga / le nAza kA raMga / behoza naz2ara A rahA hai Aja ! / doSa ke kaNoM meM / trAsa tar3apana - taMga / hrAsa kA prasaMga / aura guNoM kA koSa naz2ara A rahA hai / " (pR. 21) bhASA-saundarya kA yaha vivecana saMskRta tatsama pradhAna eka sthala ko rekhAMkita karake spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai / maiMne svayaM unako dekhA hai jaba vo apane vidyArthiyoM / ziSyoM ko vyAkaraNa par3hA rahe the| mujhe bar3A Ananda AyA unakI vyAkaraNa par3hAne kI paddhati ko dekha-suna kara, hAlA~ki maiMne bAraha varSa vyAkaraNa par3hI hai / saMskRta kI 'sR' dhAtu ke sambandha meM dekhie : "sR dhAtu gati ke artha meM AtI hai, / saM yAnI samIcIna / sAra yAnI sarakanA""" jo samyak sarakatA hai/ vaha saMsAra kahalAtA hai / " (pR. 161) isa vivecana ke AdhAra para yaha kahane kA sAhasa kiyA jA sakatA hai ki 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke kaNa-kaNa
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________________ 410 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA meM, varNa-varNa meM bhASA-saundarya kI vidyamAnatA cAmatkArika hai| sama-sAmayikatA : pratyeka sAhityakAra sama-sAmayika pariveza se prabhAvita hotA hai| rAgI ho athavA vairAgI samakAlIna paristhitiyA~ aura samasyAe~ sabhI ko prabhAvita karatI haiN| kalA, kalA ke lie vicAradhArA ke pakSadhara uddezyavihIna sAhitya-sarjanA karake bhI sama-sAmayika samasyAoM ke vivecana aura nidAna ko apanI kRti meM usI prakAra sthAna dete haiM jisa prakAra phrema meM citra zobhAyamAna hotA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke racayitA AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kA kathya jaina siddhAnta evaM mAnyatAoM ke anusAra zrAvaka ko mukti mArga kA sarala evaM rucikara vivecana hai / parantu prasaMgavaza sAyAsa athavA anAyAsa aneka sama-sAmayika mAnyatAe~, samasyAe~ evaM sthitiyoM ne isa mahAkAvya meM sthAna prApta kiyA hai| Ajakala phaizana kI bAr3ha meM bahuta logoM ke vastra pUrvajoM ke samAna sAde, ikaraMge aura sAttvika nahIM hote| Aja vastroM ke bhar3akIle raMgoM aura DijAinoM ke sAtha-sAtha una para bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke nAre bhI aMkita hote haiM, yathA : . "aba to'""/astroM, zastroM, vastroM/aura kRpANoM para bhI 'dayA-dharma kA mUla hai'/likhA milatA hai / " (pR. 73) jaba koI vyakti saMsAra kA bhautika AkarSaNa tyAga kara AdhyAtmikatA kI ora bar3hatA hai to Ajakala phUlamAlAe~ aura gaganabhedI nAroM se usakA svAgata kiyA jAtA hai / Aja adhyAtma bhI pradarzana kA AdhAra bana gayA hai| kUpa kI eka machalI uddhAra kI kAmanA se bAlaTI meM saharSa A jAtI hai / zeSa machaliyA~ use bhAvabhInI vidAI detI haiM : "taraMgoM se ghirI machaliyA~/aisI lagatI haiM ki/saba ke hAthoM meM eka-eka phUla-mAlA hai/aura/satkAra kiyA jA rahA hai/mahA machalI kA, nAre laga rahe haiM-/'mokSa kI yAtrA/"saphala ho...|" (pR. 76) patitoM, pichar3e evaM upekSitoM kA pakSagrahaNa bhI adhunAtana pravRtti hai / 'mUkamATI' ke do prasaMgoM meM yaha pravRtti pratIta hotI hai / phUla ko sabhI Adara evaM sneha dete haiM aura zUla aba taka ghRNA evaM upekSA sahatA AyA hai / kavi kA komala mAnasa zUla ke prati dravita ho uThatA hai / usakI dRSTi meM zUla ke samakSa phUla tuccha bana jAtA hai : "kAmadeva kA Ayudha phUla hotA hai/aura/mahAdeva kA Ayudha zUla / eka meM parAga hai/saghana rAga hai/jisakA phala saMsAra hai/eka meM virAga hai anagha tyAga hai/jisakA phala bhava-pAra hai|" (pR. 101-102) vaidika RSi ne samAjarUpI puruSa kA jo citra pratIka rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai usameM kSatriya ko hAtha aura zUdra ko caraNa mAnA hai / a-savarNoM ke prati sahAnubhUti ke isa yuga meM AcAryazrI kI dRSTi meM kara yAnI hAthoM kI apekSA caraNa kA mahattva adhika ho gayA hai : "kara prAya: kAyara banatA hai/aura/kara mA~gatA hai kara/vaha bhI khula kara ! itanA hI nahIM,/mAnavattA se ghira jAtA hai/mAnavatA se gira jAtA hai; isase viparIta-zIla hai pA~va kA/parizrama kA kAyala banA yaha pUre kA pUrA, parizrama kara/prAyaH ghAyala banatA hai/aura/pA~va natA se milatA hai pAvanatA se khilatA hai|" (pR. 114) (mAtra bindI haTAne se artha parivartana)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 411 nArI kA sammAna bhArata kI prAcIna paramparA rahI hai| paurANika mAnyatA vahA~ devoM kA vAsa svIkAra karatI hai, jahA~ nAriyoM kA Adara-sammAna ho-- 'yatra nAryastu pUjyante, ramante tatra devtaaH|' madhyakAla meM nArI kA gauravamaya svarUpa usase china gayA vaha paira kI jUtI aura dAsI kahI jAne lgii| vartamAna kAla meM nArI kI mahattA kI ora puna: dhyAna gayA hai| AcAryazrI ne bhI puruSa kI apekSA nArI kA mahattva svIkAra kiyA hai : "dharma, artha aura kAma-puruSArthoM se/gRhastha jIvana zobhA pAtA hai| ina puruSArthoM ke samaya/prAya: puruSa hI/pApa kA pAtra hotA hai, vaha pApa, puNya meM parivartita ho/isI hetu striyA~ prayala-zIlA rahatI haiM sdaa|" (pR. 204) bAdala kI tAr3anA ke prasaMga meM unhoMne dharatI ko mahattva diyA hai aura bAdala ko burA kahA hai / isa prasaMga meM AcAryazrI kA dhyAna isa ora gayA hai ki jala tattva tejI se zataraMja kI cAla calane lagatA hai / yadA-kadA jala barasA kara bAdala ne thor3I varSA kI bhI to usake dvArA daladala/kIcar3a ho jAtA hai jo ki kama/aparyApta varSA kA hI pariNAma hai| isase dharatI kI ekatA-akhaNDatA ko kSati pahu~cAne hetu daladala paidA ho jAtA hai| zoSaNa evaM dalana para AdhArita pU~jIvAda kA Aja sarvathA virodha ho rahA hai| nagara seTha ke samIpa gayA macchara isa prakAra dhana kI garhaNA karatA hai : "are, dhanikoM kA dharma damadAra hotA hai, unakI kRpA kRpaNatA para hotI hai, unake milana se kucha milatA nahIM,/kAkatAlIya-nyAsa se/kucha mila bhI jAya vaha milana lavaNa-mizrita hotA hai/pala meM pyAsa dugunI ho uThatI hai| sarvaprathama praNipAta ke rUpa meM/unakI pAda-pUjana kI,/phira/svara laharI ke sAtha guNAnuvAda-kIrtana kiyA/unake karNa-dvAra pr|/phir bhI merI durdazA yaha huii|" (pR. 385) AtaMkavAda Aja bhArata kI hI nahIM vizva kI jvalanta samasyA hai| sukha-zAnti ke candramA ko AtaMkavAda rUpI rAhu nigala jAnA cAhatA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM eka prasaMga hai jaba nadI meM nagara seTha ko saparivAra pAkara coroM-luTeroM rUpa AtaMkavAda ne gherakara samarpaNa hetu vivaza kiyaa| seTha AtmasamarpaNa kI bAta soca hI rahA thA, taba nadI ne use utAvalA na banane kA parAmarza diyA / devagaNa bhI nagara seTha kI rakSA na kara sake to nadI kI dhArA ne usakA uddhAra kiyA : "nAva kI karadhanI DUba gaI/jahA~ para likhA huA thA'AtaMkavAda kI jaya ho/samAjavAda kA laya ho bheda-bhAva kA anta ho/veda-bhAva jayavanta ho'|" (pR. 473-474) isI prakAra kI aneka sama-sAmayika samasyAoM evaM sthitiyoM ko AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI ne isa 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM sthAna dekara jana-jana ke udgAra dekara upakAra karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : hindI prabandha sAhitya kI mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi DaoN. devendra dIpaka santa satya aura sat ke pracAraka hote haiM, isIlie ve kisI varga, jAti, bhASA yA dharma ke lie nahIM, varan sabake lie hote haiN| unakI rozanI sabake lie hotI hai / ve mAtra pracAraka hI nahIM hote, varan kisI vicAra kA pracAra karane se ve usa vicAra ko Atmarasa meM pAga dete haiN| AcAra aura vicAra donoM eka rUpa ho jAte haiM unameM / koI dvaita nahIM rahatA hai donoM meN| AcAra aura vicAra donoM eka-dUsare kA anumodana aura samarthana karate haiN| AcArya muni vidyAsAgara aisI hI santa paramparA ke Adhunika jIvita tIrtha haiN| ___ muni vidyAsAgara nAma se hI vidyAsAgara nahIM haiM, varan vaha sacamuca meM vidyA ke sAgara haiN| kisI bhI viSaya para unase carcA kI jA sakatI hai aura Apako aisA lagegA ki sacamuca hameM kucha atirikta mila rahA hai, hamAre jJAna koza meM kucha vRddhi ho rahI hai| ___ ajJeya hindI kI eka zreSTha vibhUti haiN| unakA eka kathana yahA~ uddhRta karanA cAhU~gA / unakA kahanA hai : "pazcima kA kalAkAra rUpa (fArma) kI khir3akI se dekhakara vastu ko saMvedya banAtA hai, usakA sampreSaNa karatA hai / bhArata kA kalAkAra pratIka kI khir3akI se vastu ko nahIM, vastu ke pAra vastu sat ko saMvedya banAtA hai|" santa aura phira santa kavi ! unakI lekhanI aura vANI to pratIkoM ko apane astra-zastra ke rUpa meM prayukta karatI hai / 'mUkamATI' eka pratIka kAvya hai / jJAna, adhyAtma aura anubhUti kI eka triveNI hai / 'mUkamATI' aura isa triveNI meM pratIka bIca-bIca meM jalAvarta jaise haiN| pAThaka kA mana jaba kisI aise hI jalAvarta meM pha~satA hai to phira dhaMsatA hI jAtA hai| ubarane ke lie DUbanA usakI niyati hai| ajJeya kA hI eka uddharaNa aura : "kRtikAra kA uddezya yA lakSya kevala anubhava kA sampreSaNa hai / sahaja bodha dvArA apanI anubhUtiyoM se vyApaka anubhavoM meM praveza, una anubhavoM kI pakar3a aura unakA sampreSaNa - yahI usakA lakSya 'mUkamATI' ke kavi ke pAsa vyApaka jIvanAnubhava haiN| ye anubhava use par3hakara nahIM, pratyakSa dekhakara aura bhogakara prApta hue haiN| 'mUkamATI' jaisI kRti jIvana ke vyApaka anubhavoM ke binA likhI hI nahIM jA sktii| unake anubhava unakA arjana haiM aura yaha arjana unheM bhramaNa ke dvArA prApta hue haiN| ... muni vidyAsAgara eka yAyAvara haiN| cAturmAsa ke atirikta to vaha ghUmate hI haiN| logoM kI A~kheM kholane ke lie ghUmane vAlA AdamI svayaM A~kha mUMda kara thor3e hI ghUmegA / isase bhI Age kA saca yaha hai ki vaha jIvana ko A~kha gar3Akara dekhate haiN| aise vyakti ke pAsa jIvana ke anubhavoM kI kyA kamI ho sakatI hai ? __'mUkamATI' ke kavi kA bhASA para acchA adhikAra hai / vaha zabdoM ko apane DhaMga se vyAkhyAyita karate haiN| sahamati-asahamati kI aneka sambhAvanAoM ke bAda bhI 'mUkamATI' apane aise aneka sthaloM ke lie rekhAMkita kI jAyagI, jahA~ kavi aneka pracalita zabdoM ko apane DhaMga se tor3atA hai aura unameM eka naI arthavattA bharatA hai| yoM aise zabda pAThaka aura zrotA donoM kI smRti meM sthAI adhivAsa banA lete haiN| bAnagI ke rUpa meM kevala eka aMza : "hama to 'aparAdhI haiM/cAhate aparA 'dhI' haiN|" (pR. 474) loga phUla ko dekhakara mugdha hote haiM, lekina 'mUkamATI' ke racanAkAra kI dRSTi isase Age jAtI hai / phUla
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 413 jIvana kA bodha hai, lekina phala jIvana kA zodha hai / isIlie vaha kahate haiM : "phUla se nahIM, phala se/tRpti kA anubhava hotA hai / " (pR. 107) isa paMkti ko par3hakara mugdha ho gayA hU~ maiM / merI smRti meM narasI mehatA kI eka paMkti ubharatI hai- "bIja mA vRkSa tU, vRkSa mA bIja hU~"- bIja meM vRkSa aura vRkSa meM bIja ! bIja kI sArthakatA vRkSa banane meM nahIM, puna: bIja banane meM hI hai / muni vidyAsAgara aura narasI mehatA donoM santoM ko isa bindu para eka sAtha hotA dekhakara lagA ki bhAratIya manISA kA jIvana meM praveza kitanA sArthaka aura kitanA samarUpa hai| lekina eka do bAtoM kI ora saMketa bhI / kavi ne kahIM-kahIM apane kathana ko atirikta vistAra diyA hai| yaha zAyada isalie bhI huA kyoMki muni vidyAsAgara kavi hone ke sAtha eka pravacanakAra santa mahAtmA bhI haiN| unakA lakSya mAtra kavitA likhanA nahIM hai, apitu kavitA ko apanI bAta kahane ke mAdhyama ke lie cunA hai unhoMne / yoM yaha bhI sahI hai ki tanika-sA dhyAna rakhane para kavi aise abhidhAparaka kathanoM se baca sakatA thaa| 'mUkamATI' hindI ke prabandha sAhitya kI eka mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi hai / 'mUkamATI' ke lie racanAkAra muni vidyAsAgara ko bdhaaii| pRSTha 322 pAtrakI gati kodekha kara ---... abhyAgatakA svAgata prArambhamA:
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________________ hindI kA Adhunika kAvya : 'mUkamATI' mahendra kumAra 'mAnava' bahudhA muni kavi nahIM hote aura kavi muni nahIM hote| vaise prAcIna jaina vAGmaya meM bhI isake aneka apavAda mila jaaeNge| aneka jaina AcAryoM ne zAstroM kI racanA kI hai aura aneka AcAryoM ne bhAvapravaNa hokara stotroM kI racanA kI hai / lekina AcArya vidyAsAgara kA apavAda apane DhaMga kA anUThA aura paramparA se haTakara hai / ve muni bhI haiM aura kavi bhii| unhoMne kevala bhagavAn kI stutiyA~ nahIM gAI haiM apitu unhoMne sArI upamAe~, alaMkAra sAMsArika vastuoM se hI lie haiM, lekina unakI dRSTi AdhyAtmika hai| sAMsArika vyakti sAMsArika vastuoM ko bhautika dRSTi se dekhatA hai to AdhyAtmika vyakti sAMsArika padArthoM ko AdhyAtmika dRSTi se dekhatA hai| sAMsArika vyaktiyoM kA izka mijAz2I hotA hai, AdhyAtmika vyaktiyoM kA izka haqIqI hotA hai| pataMjali ne likhA hai ki abhinetAoM (maiM unameM 'kavi' bhI jor3anA cAhU~gA) kA caritra zaMkAzIla hotA hai / mujhe lagatA hai ki abhinetA aura kavi bhAvukatA meM bahate haiM aura saMsAra jisako caritra' kahatA hai, usakI paravAha nahIM krte| AcAryajI ke sAtha yaha dUsarA apavAda hai / ve kavi haiM aura kavi nahIM bhI yAnI dUsare kaviyoM kI taraha nahIM / mATI se zarIra kA bodha hotA hai| aMgrez2I meM kahAvata hai- "For dust thou art, and unto dust shart thou return."miTTI kI kAyA hai aura miTTI meM mila jAtI hai| lekina isa mahAkAvya meM 'mATI' ko 'AtmA' kA rUpa banAyA gayA hai| ___ 'mUkamATI' ko santa kavi ne cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| pahalA khaNDa mATI kI usa prAthamika dazA ke parizodhana kI prakriyA ko vyakta karatA hai, jahA~ vaha piNDa rUpa meM kaMkara kaNoM se milI-julI avasthA meM hai / dUsare khaNDa meM mATI ko khodane kI prakriyA meM kumbhakAra kI kudAlI eka kA~Te ke mAthe para jA lagatI hai, usakA sira phaTa jAtA hai, vaha badalA lene kI socatA hai / yaha dekha kumbhakAra ko apanI asAvadhAnI para glAni hotI hai / isa khaNDa meM santa-kavi ne sAhitya-bodha ko aneka AyAmoM meM aMkita kiyA hai / tIsare khaNDa meM kumbhakAra ne mATI kI vikAsa-kathA ke mAdhyama se puNya-karma ke sampAdana se upajI zreyaskara upalabdhi kA citraNa kiyA hai| isa khaNDa meM 'dvija' zabda sArthaka banatA hai| 'megha' se 'megha-muktA' kA avatAra hotA hai / kaccA hIrA tarAza kara samajhadAra hIrA banAyA jAtA hai / cauthe khaNDa meM kumbhakAra ne 'ghaTa' ko rUpAkAra de diyA hai| aba use avA meM tapAne kI taiyArI hai| agni-parIkSA kA samaya A gayA hai| bar3e-bar3e siddha puruSa agni-parIkSA meM anuttIrNa ho jAte haiN| mahAtmA gA~dhI ko apane brahmacarya kI parIkSA lenI pdd'ii| ve apane sAtha apanI bhatIjiyoM ko nirvastra sulAte the aura apane mana kI parIkSA lete the ki unakA brahmacarya aDiga hai yA nhiiN| AcAryajI mahAna vidvAna haiM aura unheM sAhitya kA. jaina darzana kA, mantra vidyA kA aura chanda zAstra kA gambhIra jJAna hai, jo unakI racanA meM pratibimbita hotA hai / racanA zuddha khar3I bolI meM vartamAna kI vastu sthitiyoM evaM ghaTanAcakroM meM se guz2aratI hai, jisake kAraNa ise hindI ke Adhunika kAvyoM meM samAviSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| ___ yadyapi racanA meM AcAryajI kI jaina darzana sambandhI mAnyatA bauddhika hai, tathApi usameM unakI apanI AdhyAtmika anubhUti jur3I huI hai| isake kAraNa racanA bahuta ucca stara kI bana gaI hai| ucca AtmA se nikalI racanA ucca hotI hai| lekina aisA bhI dekhA gayA hai ki kabhI-kabhI nimna AtmA se nikalI racanA bhI ucca hotI hai aura ucca AtmA se nikalI racanA nimna hotI hai / lekina AcAryajI meM 'sone meM suhAgA' jaisA saMyoga bana par3A hai / manuSya kA jIvana milAvaTI sonA hai, kaccA hIrA hai| use tapAkara hI kaMcana banAyA jA sakatA hai, use tarAzakara hI usameM camaka lAI jA sakatI hai| 'mUkamATI' hameM aisA karane kI hI preraNA detI hai|
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________________ bhArata bhAratI ke bhaNDAra kI advitIya kRti : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. rAjakumAra tivArI 'sumitra' tulasI patra kI na to khetI hotI hai, na bikrii| isake viparIta teMdUpattoM ke jaMgaloM kI bar3I kImata lagAI jAtI hai| lekina isase tulasI ke guNa, mAna yA pavitratA meM koI antara nahIM pdd'taa| jarA soceM ki aisA kyoM? merI samajha se tulasI aura tendUpatte kI sthitiyoM ke mUla meM hai unakA AcaraNa / ___AcaraNahIna sAhityakAra kI mUlyavAn kRti bhI prANahIna hotI hai jabaki AcaraNazIla sAhitya sAdhaka kI sAdhAraNa kRti bhI preraNA parAga vikIrNa karane meM samartha siddha hotI hai| sAhityakAroM ke likhe sAhitya ko santa sAhitya nahIM mAnA jAtA jabaki santoM ne jo kahA yA likhA use santatva kA avataraNa svIkAra liyA jAtA hai| santoM dvArA sAdhAraNa DhaMga se sAdhAraNa bhASA meM kahI bAta bhI asAdhAraNa mahattva kI hotI hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki unakI abhivyakti AcaraNa AbhA-maNDita hotI hai / santa kabIra kA sAhitya isakA jvalanta pramANa hai| kabIra kahate haiM : "mATI ke hama pUtare, mAnasa rAkhyo nAu / cAri divasa ke pAhune, bar3a bar3a rUvahiM ThAu // " ___ gaharI bAta sAdhAraNa zabdoM meM vahI kaha sakatA hai jo granthi rahita ho / bhItara-bAhara eka-sA rahane vAlA hI kabIra kI bhA~ti isa satya kA sAkSAt kara sakatA hai : "yaha tana kAcA kumbha hai, liyA~ phirai thA sAthi / DhabakA lAgA phuTi gayA, kachU na AyA hAthi // " santoM kI yaha paramparA akSuNNa hai / AcArya vidyAsAgara isa paramparA ke bhagIratha haiM / ve santoM meM kavi aura kaviyoM meM santa haiN| AcAryazrI kI aneka mahattvapUrNa kRtiyoM meM 'mUkamATI' advitIya hai / 488 pRSThoM meM samAhita aura cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita yaha kRti AcArya bhAmaha, rudraTa, Anandavardhana, daNDI yA paNDitarAja jagannAtha kI kisI paribhASA ke caukhaTe meM kaida nahIM kI jA sktii| ise kathA kAvya, khaNDa kAvya, bRhat kAvya yA sargabandha kI kasauTI para bhI nahIM rakhA jA sakatA / maiM ise 'mahA kAvya' kA samAsa vigraha kara 'mahat kAvya' hI khuuNgaa| AcAryazrI ne mATI kA avalamba lekara jana-mana ko adhyAtma kI AbhA kA upahAra aura jIvana-darzana diyA hai| 'mUkamATI' kA kathya gAgara meM sAgara jaisA kula itanA hI hai ki mATI ne yugoM-yugoM se maMgala ghaTa banane kI sAdha lie kumbhakAra kI pratIkSA kii| mATI maMgala ghaTa banI aura guru ke pAda prakSAlana kara dhanya huA / anya pAtra bhI haiM jinake sahayoga se kathA gatizIlA aura arthavatI huI hai| 'mUkamATI' mukta chanda meM racita hai / sambhavata: vizRMkhalita yuga taka sampreSaNa kA yahI mAdhyama AcAryazrI ko yugAnukUla pratIta huaa| sampUrNa kRti meM rasa-alaMkAra kA vaividhya hai / zabdoM kA artha-sandhAna preraka, rocaka, grahaNIya aura prabhAvI hai| 'Ama AdamI' yA sarvahArA varga ke bAre meM likhanA Aja ke yugadharma' se adhika 'phaizana' ho gayA hai / aura isa prakAra kA lekhana karane vAle apane Apake masIhA' hone kA bhrama pAla lete haiN| ina sthitiyoM meM mATI' ko apane kAvya kA AdhAra banAkara manuSya to manuSya, pazu-pakSiyoM, vanaspatiyoM tathA anya jar3a padArthoM kI vyathA kI anubhUti kara, use vANI dete hue, yuga ke praznoM ko samAdhAna kI dizA dene vAle kRtikAra ko kisa saMjJA se sajjita aura kisa vizeSaNa se
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________________ 416 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA vibhUSita kiyA jAya ? yaha 'siyArAmamaya saba jaga jAnI' kA phalitArtha nahIM to aura kyA hai ? ____ adhyAtma kA ujAsa dene vAlI yaha kRti saMsAriyoM ke lie bhI utanI hI upAdeya hai / 'mUkamATI' meM jIvana saMgharSa aura AsthA ke svara guMjarita ho rahe haiM : "saMgharSamaya jIvana kA/upasaMhAra/niyamarUpa se harSamaya hotA hai, dhanya!" (pR. 14) AcAryazrI kA kathana hai : "...jIvana kA/AsthA se vAstA hone para/rAstA svayaM zAstA hokara sambodhita karatA sAdhaka ko/sAthI bana sAtha detA hai|" (pR. 9) kintu samasyA hai AsthA AtmasAt kaise ho ? sUtra bhI diyA hai AcAryazrI ne : "AsthA ke viSaya ko/AtmasAt karanA ho/use anubhUta karanA ho to/sAdhanA ke sA~ce meM/svayaM ko DhAlanA hogA saharSa / " (pR. 10) jIvana meM viSama sthitiyA~ bhI AtI haiM kintu AsthAvAn ke lie ve abhizApa nhiiN| eka udAharaNa dekheM : "kabhI-kabhI/gati yA pragati ke abhAva meM/AzA ke pada ThaNDe par3ate haiM, dhRti, sAhasa, utsAha bhI/Aha bharate haiM,/mana khinna hotA hai/kintu yaha saba AsthAvAn puruSa ko/abhizApa nahIM hai|" (pR. 13) / AsthA aura niSThA ke binA AcaraNa meM Ananda nahIM AtA, yathA : "AsthA ke binA AcaraNa meM/Ananda AtA nahIM, A sakatA nhiiN| phira, AsthAvAlI sakriyatA hI/niSThA kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 120) bahudhA loga mAna lete haiM ki sukha-duHkha, vijaya-parAjaya se pare rahane vAle santa jana mAnavIya svatantratA aura svAbhimAna ke sandarbha meM kore hI rahate haiN| kintu 'mUkamATI' isa dhAraNA ko nirmUla siddha kara detI hai / Apane svatantratA aura svAbhimAna ke pariprekSya meM siMha aura zvAna kI tulanA karate hue likhA hai : "...zvAna/svatantratA kA mUlya nahIM samajhatA, parAdhInatA-dInatA vaha/zvAna ko cubhatI nahIM kabhI, zvAna ke gale meM jaMjIra bhI/AbharaNa kA rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai|" (pR. 170) svarNa ko zoSaka varga aura miTTI ko zoSita varga kA pratinidhi citrita karate hue AcAryazrI ne likhA hai : "tuma svarNa ho/ubalate ho jhaTa se,/mATI svarNa nahIM hai/para svarNa ko ugalatI avazya,/tuma mATI ke ugAla ho !" (pR. 364-365) ve svarNa ko hI sambodhita karate hue kahate haiM : "paratantra jIvana kI AdhAra-zilA ho tuma/pU~jIvAda ke abhedya
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 417 durgama kilA ho tuma/aura/azAnti ke antahIna silasilA!" (pR. 366) __ aba koI samIkSaka batAe ki ina paMktiyoM meM nirAlA kI 'suna be gulAba' kavitA se kama tilamilAhaTa hai ? svarNa ke sandarbha meM hI eka vyaMgya draSTavya hai : "yathArtha meM tuma savarNa hote/to phira vaha dinakara kA durlabha darzana/pratidina kyoM na hotA tumheM ?" (pR. 366) vartamAna meM cAroM ora amarabela-sI phaila rahI pada-lipsA kI ora bhI AcAryazrI kI painI dRSTi gii| unhoMne likhA: "padavAle hI padopalabdhi hetu/para ko pada-dalita karate haiM, pApa-pAkhaNDa karate haiN|/prbhu se prArthanA hai ki/apada hI bane raheM hama!" (pR. 434) nAriyoM kI sthiti aura pratiSThA ke sandarbha meM bhI 'mUkamATI' mUka nahIM hai / eka kaTu satya ujAgara huA hai : "prAya: puruSoM se bAdhya ho kara hI kupatha para calanA par3atA hai striyoM ko!" (pR. 201) vilamba se milane vAle nyAya ke bAre meM kitanI saTIka bAta kahI gaI hai : "AzAtIta vilamba ke kAraNa/anyAya nyAya-sA nahIM nyAya anyAya-sA lagatA hI hai|" (pR. 272) arAjakatA aura AtaMkavAda kA a~dherA bar3hatA hI jA rahA hai / prazna hai ki aisA kyoM ho rahA hai ? uttara hai : "bAta kA prabhAva jaba/bala-hIna hotA hai/hAtha kA prayoga taba kArya karatA hai / aura/hAtha kA prayoga jaba/bala-hIna hotA hai hathiyAra kA prayoga taba/Arya karatA hai|" (pR. 60) kintu 'AtaMkavAda' ke kAraNa kyA sthiti bana rahI hai : "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda/zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI dharatI yaha / " (pR. 441) yahI to ho rahA hai deza meM / devAlaya zastrAgAra bana rahe haiN| dharma kA svarUpa parivartita ho gayA hai / AcAryazrI ne isa viDambanA kA yathArtha citraNa kiyA hai : "aba to astroM, zastroM, vastroM/aura kRpANoM para bhI 'dayA-dharma kA mUla hai'/likhA milatA hai |/kintu,/kRpaann kRpAlu nahIM haiM ve svayaM kahate haiM/hama haiM kRpANa/hama meM kRpA na !/kahA~ taka kaheM aba ! dharma kA jhaNDA bhI/DaNDA bana jAtA hai/zAstra zastra bana jAtA hai avasara paakr|" (pR. 73)
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________________ 418 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA prazna hai ki aisA hotA kyoM hai ? AcAryazrI kahate haiM ki 'badale kA bhAva' hI isakI jar3a hai : "badale kA bhAva vaha dala-dala hai/ki jisameM bar3e-bar3e baila hI kyA,/bala-zAlI gaja-dala taka burI taraha phaMsa jAte haiM/aura/gala-kapola taka pUrI taraha dhaMsa jAte haiN|" (pR. 97) isa prakAra kI hInapravRtti vAloM ke lekhe deza kA kyA mahattva ? "vetana vAle vatana kI ora/kama dhyAna de pAte haiN|" (pR. 123) loga bhraSTAcAra, corI aura kAlAbAjArI se trasta haiM kintu vAstava meM doSI kauna hai ? AcAryazrI ke anusAra : "cora itane pApI nahIM hote/jitane ki coroM ko paidA karane vAle / " (pR. 468) azAnti aura corI kA kAraNa khojeM to kavi dinakara kI paMktiyA~ smaraNa AtI haiM : "zAnti nahIM ho sakatI tabataka jabataka/sukha-bhAga na nara kA sama ho, nahIM kisI ko bahuta adhika ho/nahIM kisI ko kama ho|" isI Azaya kI abhivyakti 'mUkamATI' meM huI hai : "aba dhana-saMgraha nahIM /jana-saMgraha karo!/aura/lobha ke vazIbhUta ho aMdhAdhundha saMkalita kA/samucita vitaraNa kro|" (pR. 467) AcAryazrI ne pIr3A ko sukha kA mAdhyama mAnA hai / ve kahate haiM : 0 "pIr3A kI ati hI/pIr3A kI iti hai aura/pIr3A kI iti hI/sukha kA atha hai|" (pR. 33) "vAsanA kA vilAsa/moha hai,/dayA kA vikAsa/mokSa hai / " (pR. 38) preraka sandezadAtA santa tapasvI vidyAsAgarajI ne 'mUkamATI' jaisI kRti se bhArata bhAratI ke bhaNDAra kI zrIvRddhi kI hai| unhoMne dharma, darzana aura hindI ko jo yogadAna diyA, vaha praNamya hai| saMyama-saurabha-sAdhanA, jinako kare praNAma / tyAga-tapasyA-tIrtha kA 'vidyAsAgara' nAma / / .
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________________ 'mUkamATI' lAlacandra jaina 'rAkeza' AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI jJAna-dhyAna- taporakta prakhara tapasvI haiM / AcAryazrI janmajAta alaukika, bahumukhI pratibhA ke dhanI haiN| ve bahubhASAvid to haiM hI, kAvya - vyAkaraNa - darzana - adhyAtma Adi aneka viSayoM meM unakI gaharI pahu~ca hai / AcAryazrI kI anubhavasiddha lekhinI se aneka kAvyakRtiyA~ prasUta huI haiN| pratyeka agalI kRti unakI kAvyakalA ke bar3hate sopAnoM kI pratIka hai / unake kathya laukika se Arambha hokara alaukika meM, sAdhAraNa se asAdhAraNa, artha se paramArtha meM, Atma se paramAtma meM evaM bAhyajagat se antarjagat meM vilInatA prApta karA kara pAThaka ko 'adbhuta' loka meM pahu~cA dete haiM / : vizva - sAhitya kI apratima upalabdhi isI zrRMkhalA meM prasUta unakA 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya Adhunika bhAratIya sAhitya ke sAtha hI vizva sAhitya ke kSetra meM bhI apratima, ullekhanIya upalabdhi hai / yaha kAlajayI racanA hai jo kathya, tathya aura pratipAdya ke zAzvata mahattva kAraNa kabhI purAnI nahIM par3egI / prathamataH, kRti ke nAma kA bhI usakI mahattA meM yogadAna hotA hai / nAma, kRti kA mukha hotA hai jisameM usakI AtmA jhA~katI hai / nAma vaha dhurI hai jisake AdhAra para kathAnaka ke ghaTanAcakra gatimAn hote haiN| nAma honA cAhie laghu, svayaM meM pUrNa, AkarSaka evaM jijJAsAmUlaka / isa nikaSa para 'mUkamATI' kA nAmakaraNa sArthaka hai| bar3A anokhApana hai isa nAma meN| par3hate-sunate hI kautUhala jAga jAtA hai| Adi se anta taka sampUrNa kathAnaka meM 'mUkamATI' AtmA ke rUpa meM vidyamAna hai| nAma kI vilakSaNatA yaha hai ki vaha ina paMktiyoM ke mAdhyama se uddhAra ke lie chaTapaTAtI / vyAkula AtmA kI ora saMketa karatI hai| 0 O D "svayaM patitA hU~ / aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se, *** adhama pApiyoM se/pada - dalitA hU~ mA~ ! " (pR. 4) " yAtanAyeM pIr3AyeM ye ! / kitanI taraha kI vedanAyeM kitanI aura *** Age / kaba taka patA nahIM / inakA chora hai yA nahIM ! " (pR. 4) " isa paryAya kI / iti kaba hogI ? / isa kAyA kI ? cyuti kaba hogI ? batA do, mA~ ise !" (pR. 5) " aura suno, / vilamba mata karo / pada do, patha do pAtheya bhI do mA~ !" (pR. 5) ... dvitIya, kathAnaka kI maulikatA para vicAra kareM to kaha sakate haiM ki mATI jaisI nirIha, pada- dalita, upekSita, akiMcana, tuccha evaM akathya vastu mahAkAvya kA kathya banAnA hI vismayakArI hai| mATI para bhI mahAkAvya likhA jA sakatA hai, yaha kalpanA se pare hai / prAyaH hotA yaha rahA hai ki purAtana kathAnaka ko hI thor3e-bahuta parivartana kA AvaraNa pahanAkara yA gadya ko padya kA rUpa dekara navIna kRti ke rUpa meM prastuta kara diyA jAtA rahA hai / phalata: usameM maulikatA kama, piSTapeSaNa hI adhika dRSTigata hotA hai / isa pariprekSya meM 'mUkamATI' kA kathya pUrNataH maulika, acintya, akalpya, abhinava evaM aspRSTa hai /
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________________ 420 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA jinake caraNa, AcaraNa, pravacana bhava-bhava meM bhaTakate bhavyoM ko satpatha-darzaka banakara bhagavAn banane kA udghoSa kara rahe hoM, aise santa ke mana meM hI mATI se maMgala ghaTa taka kI maMgala yAtrA kI parikalpanA udbhUta honA sambhava hai| AdhyAtmika pakSa meM yaha yAtrA AtmA ke vikAsa kI kathA hai / mATI se maMgala ghaTa aura maMgala ghaTa dvArA seTha ke parivAra kA saritA-taraNa-AtmA kI taraNa-tAraNa sthiti kI vyaMjanA hai| mahAkAvya cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai- khaNDa 1- 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' ; khaNDa 2-'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' ; khaNDa 3-'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' evaM khaNDa 4-'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha / ' prathama khaNDa meM yaha darzAyA gayA hai ki mATI usa prAthamika avasthA meM hai jisameM kaMkara-kaNa mizrita haiN| yaha usakI varNa-saMkara dazA hai / mATI meM maMgala ghaTa banane kI pAtratA taba A sakatI hai jaba usameM se bemela tattva kaMkara-kaNoM ko pRthak kara diyA jAya / prakRti ke viparIta bemela tattvoM kA pRthak hokara mATI kA mUlarUpa/svAbhAvika dazA ko prApta honA hI mATI kA varNalAbha hai / AdhyAtmika pakSa meM AtmA anAdikAla se karma mela se varNasaMkara sthiti meM hai| nimitta milane para vaha varNalAbha (pAtratA) kI sthiti taka pahuMcatI hai| yaha vaha sthiti hai jaba AtmA meM saMskAra grahaNa karane kI yogyatA AtI hai| dvitIya khaNDa meM yaha vyaMjita huA hai ki varNalAbha prApta AtmA zabdabodha (zabda kA sampUrNa artha samajhanA)kara sakatA hai aura zabdazodha (bodha ko anubhUti meM, AcaraNa meM utAranA) bhii| 'bodha' aura 'zodha' zabdajJAna aura cAritra ko dhvanita karate haiN| varNalAbha prApta mATI (AtmA) zabdabodha evaM zabdazodha kI ora isa prakAra bar3hatI hai : _ "lo, aba zilpI/kuMkuma-sama mRdu mATI meM/mAtrAnukUla milAtA hai chanA nirmala-jala |/nuutn prANa phUMka rahA hai/mATI ke jIvana meM karuNAmaya kaNa-kaNa meM,/...mATI ke prANoM meM jA,/pAnI ne vahA~ nava-prANa pAyA hai,/jJAnI ke padoM meM jA/ajJAnI ne jahA~ nava-jJAna pAyA hai|/asthir ko sthiratA milI/acira ko ciratA milI nava-nUtana parivartana"!" (pR. 89) "mAna-ghamaNDa se achUtI mATI/piNDa se piNDa chur3AtI huI kumbha ke rUpa meM DhalatI hai/kumbhAkAra dharatI hai / " (pR. 164) "do-tIna dina kA/avakAza milA/so kumbha kA gIlApana miTa-sA gayA ""/so "kumbha kA DhIlApana/simaTa-sA gayA / Aja zilpI ko bar3I prasannatA hai/kumbha ko uThA liyA hai hAtha meM / aura phira,/eka hAtha meM soTa le/dUje se oTa kara kumbha kI khoTa para coTa kI hai|" (pR. 165) phira kumbhakAra kumbha para saMkhyAoM, yathA- 9, 99, 63 evaM siMha, zvAna, kachuA, kharagoza Adi pazuoM kA aMkana kara use alaMkRta karatA hai| ullekhanIya hai ki manuSya kI kaccI (bAlya) avasthA meM DAle gae saMskAra jIvana bhara vikasita hokara use prabhAvita karate rahate haiN|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 421 kumbha kA jalIya aMza sUkhane para hI kumbha para aMkana sthAyI ho sakatA hai / usI prakAra AtmA meM DAle gae saMskAra jar3Iya (Da-la-yorabhedaH) aMza (ajJAna) ke samApta hone para hI sthAyI ho sakate haiM aura isake lie AvazyakatA hai tapa kI / tapa ke dvArA hI mATI maMgala ghaTa evaM AtmA kalyANamayI bana sakegI : "binA tapa ke jalatva kA, ajJAna kA/vilaya ho nahIM sakatA/aura binA tapa ke jalatva kA, varSA kA/udaya ho nahIM sktaa|" (pR. 176) isa khaNDa meM santa kavi ne zilpI, kA~TA aura miTTI ke mAdhyama se sAhitya ke vividha viSayoM kA navIna rUpeNa citraNa kiyA hai / nava rasa, Rtu varNana camatkArI zailI meM citrita haiN| kahanA na hogA ki tattva-darzana evaM adhyAtma kI udbhAvanA paga-paga para kI gaI hai| tRtIya khaNDa meM citraNa hai ki ajJAna ke abhAva meM mana-vacana-kAya kI nirmalatA se, jalatva kA - varSA kA udaya arthAt lokakalyANa kI bhAvanA tathA zubha kAryoM se puNya upArjita hotA hai jabaki krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobhAdi asat bhAvanAoM se pApArjana hotA hai / ajJAna ke abhAva meM 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' kI kriyA calatI hai| __ jaladhi dharatI ko lUTa kara ratnAkara bana jAtA hai tathA candramA ghUsa lekara, canda sampadA kA svAmI hokara bhI, sudhAkara bana gayA hai| jala, sUrya, pRthvI Adi satkArya kara puNya kA pAlana karate haiN| dhanalipsA kA samudra ke mAdhyama se kiyA gayA citraNa Aja kI samAja kI ghRNita bhAvanA ko ujAgara kara detA hai : "yaha kaTu-satya hai ki/artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatIM, artha kI lipsA ne bar3oM-bar3oM ko/nirlajja banAyA hai / " (pR. 192) dUsarI ora dharA ke mAdhyama se dharma kI ora samAja kA dhyAna AkarSita kiyA hai : "jala ko jar3atva se mukta kara/muktA-phala banAnA, patana ke garta se nikAla kara/uttuMga-utthAna para dharanA, dhRti-dhAriNI dharA kA dhyeya hai |/yhii dayA-dharma hai yahI jiyA karma hai|" (pR. 193) puNya karma ke dvArA prApta vibhinna zreyaskara upalabdhiyoM kA citraNa bhI isa khaNDa meM kiyA gayA hai| caturtha khaNDa 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' zIrSaka se hI spaSTa hai ki ghar3e ko ave meM tapAyA jAtA hai, usake doSa jalakara bhasma ho jAte haiN| doSoM kI rAkha bikhara jAtI hai aura ghaTa cA~dI-sA kharA hokara maMgala ghaTa ho jAtA hai| tabhI to nagara seTha kA sevaka jaba maMgala ghaTa kI kaMkara se sAta bAra bajAkara parIkSA karatA hai taba ghaTa se ye svara nikalate haiM: "sA re ga "ma yAnI/sabhI prakAra ke duHkha/pa. dha yAnI pada-svabhAva aura/ni yAnI nahIM,/du:kha AtmA kA svabhAva-dharma nahIM ho sakatA, moha-karma se prabhAvita AtmA kA/vibhAva-pariNamana mAtra hai vaha / " (pR. 305) jo AtmA tapa aura dhyAna ke dvArA apane doSoM ko jalAne meM tatpara hai vaha mATI se maMgala ghaTa kI taraha sabake lie maMgala ghara bana jAtI hai / kumbha ke mukha se ni:sRta paMktiyA~ ukta AtmA ke hI svara haiM :
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________________ 422 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA isa khaNDa kA AkAra bahuta vistRta hai / do sau se bhI adhika pRSTha yAnI sampUrNa kRti ke arddha bhAga ko yaha khaNDa sameTe hue hai / kathya ko prastuta karane kI zailI anokhI hai / bAta-bAta meM nae-nae kathA-prasaMgoM kI udbhAvanA ho jAtI hai aura saritA kI taraha kathApravAha aneka mor3a letA huA Age bar3hatA jAtA hai / anta meM sAdhu dezanA ke sAtha yaha khaNDa samApta hotA hai : O O "yahA~ saba kA sadA / jIvana bane maMgalamaya / chA jAve sukha - chA~va, sabake saba TaleM - / amaMgala - bhAva, / saba kI jIvana latA harita - bharita viha~sita ho / guNa ke phUla vilasita hoM nAzA kI AzA miTe / AmUla mahaka uThe / ... basa !" (pR. 478) 0 "bandhana - rUpa tana, / mana aura vacana kA / AmUla miTa jAnA hI / mokSa hai / isI kI zuddha-dazA meM / avinazvara sukha hotA hai / jise / prApta hone ke bAda, yahA~/ saMsAra meM AnA kaise sambhava hai / tuma hI batAo !" (pR. 486 - 487) AmUla sAdhu dezanA ke rUpa meM kavi ne mahAkAvya kA uddezya prakaTa kara diyA hai- ' bandhana - rUpa tana, mana aura vacana kA miTa jAnA hI, mokSa hai / isI kI zuddha dazA meM avinazvara sukha hotA hai'- isa dazA ko prApta karanA hI pratyeka AtmA kA carama lakSya hai / "vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI / avazya milegI / magara mArga meM nahIM, maMjila para ! / aura / mahA- mauna meM / DUbate hue santa aura mAhaula ko / animeSa nihAratI - sI / mUka mATI / " (pR. 488 ) .... yadi hama isake mahAkAvyatva para vicAra kareM to asandigdharUpeNa kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha eka mahAkAvya hai / AkAra kI dRSTi se yaha cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai evaM lagabhaga 500 pRSTha gheratA hai| 'mUkamATI' yAnI suSupta caitanya zakti isakI nAyikA hai| kumbhakAra, mUkamATI, nagara seTha, atithi, nIrAga sAdhu isake pramukha pAtra haiN| mUkamATI se lekara ghaTanirmANa aura bIca-bIca meM aneka utAra-car3hAva - ghumAva letI huI kathA, ghaTa dvArA nagara seTha ke parivAra kA saritAtaraNa, AtaMkavAda se rakSA aura anta meM sAdhu dezanA ke sAtha samApta hotI hai| isameM aneka anta: kathAe~ bhI haiM / nava rasoM kA varNana bar3e hI anUThe evaM AdhyAtmika sandarbha meM kiyA gayA hai jo paThanIya, cintanIya evaM ramaNIya hai / prakRti-citraNa camatkArika evaM maulika hai / kalpanA ke loka meM vicarate hue bhI yathArtha kA dharAtala chUTA nahIM hai / sampUrNa kAvya atukAnta chanda meM likhA gayA hai, phira bhI prakAra se na sahI, AkAra se to unameM bheda dRSTigata hotA hI hai, yathA : O "manda-manda/ sugandha pavana / baha rahA hai; bahanA hI jIvana hai / bahatA - bahatA / kaha rahA hai / " (pR. 2-3 ) "antima bhAga, bAla kA bhAra bhI / jisa tulA meM tulatA hai vaha koyale kI tulA nahIM sAdhAraNa-sI, sone kI tulA kahalAtI hai asAdhAraNa !" (pR. 142 ) bhASA para kavi kA asAdhAraNa adhikAra hai / adhyAtma evaM darzana jaise gUr3ha viSayoM ko bar3I sahajatA ke sAtha abhivyakti
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 423 milI hai| zabda ko artha aura artha ko paramArtha milA hai| zAbdika vyutpatti dvArA zabda kI AtmA ko ujAgara kara diyA hai| zabdAkSaroM ko viloma karake nUtana artha vyaMjita kara bhASAvidoM ko vismaya meM DAla diyA hai| rAhI, rAkha, lAbha, tAmasa, caraNa ityAdi aise hI zabda haiM / zabdoM se akSara alaga kara utpanna hue dhvanita artha bhI kama rocaka nahIM haiM / rasanA-rasa nA, kRpANa-kRpA na, AdamI-A damI, aMganA-aMga nA , nAgina-nA gina ityAdi aise zabda haiM jo hameM cintana ke dorAhe para chor3a dete haiN| AcAryazrI bahubhASAvid haiM, ata: Apane yathAsthAna vividha bhASAoM ke zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, jinakA bhAvAbhivyakti meM pUrNa yoga hai| bhASA viSayAnukUla evaM bhAvAnukUla badalatI rahI hai| alaMkAra alaM cAhate hue bhI sahaja, svAbhAvika rUpa meM A hI gae haiN| dharma AtmA kI vastu hai / dharmAtmA kA jIvana manasA-vAcA-karmaNA ekarUpatA dhAraNa kara letA hai / samatA meM vaha ramatA hai, rAga bhI use virAga kA kAraNa hotA hai| dharatI kI taraha kSamAzIla, pavana kI taraha pragativAn aura AkAza kI taraha nirbhaya, unnata evaM svaccha vaha jIvana zAzvata ananta anubhatiyoM kA akSayapaMja bana jAtA hai| ve anabhatiyA~ jaba zabda kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI haiM to amara kAvya kA sRjana hotA hai / AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI kI 'mUkamATI' aisA hI mahAkAvya hai / vaha lekhanI se nahIM, AtmA se prasUta hai / vaha eka nirgrantha santa kA kAvya hai jisameM anubhUtiyoM kA Aloka laukika jIvana aura jagat se uThakara AtmA aura paramAtmA kI parama pAvana sattA meM praveza kara jAtA hai, phira vahA~ kucha bhI laukika nahIM rahatA, saba kucha alaukika aura pAralaukika ho jAtA hai / yaha kAvya ke sAtha hI sAtha mahAzAstra bhI hai| isakA kSetra itanA vyApaka hai ki prakArAntara se samAja, rAjanIti, Ayurveda, zikSA, gaNita, vijJAna, saMgIta, mantra, bIjAkSara Adi viSaya bhI isameM yathAsthAna A gae haiM kintu vaiziSTya yaha hai ki jisa prakAra sabhI nadI-pravAha antataH sAgara meM samA jAte haiM, usI prakAra sabhI viSaya-vicAra darzana/adhyAtma meM mila jAte haiN| yaha kevala par3hane ke lie nahIM hai, paThana ke sAtha guNana kIjie / guNana se Ananda kaI gunA ho jAtA hai / ise ikSu kI gA~ThoM ke samAna cabAne para rasAnubhUti hotI hai| yaha eka dArzanika santa kA kAvya hai / ata: sapATa-samatala mArga kI taraha isameM sarapaTa daur3a nahIM lagAI jA sakatI, isameM sa~bhalakara, samajhakara calane kI AvazyakatA hai, anyathA ko na vimuhyati shaastrsmudre'| yathAsthAna rukie, rasAbhiSikta hokara tRpti evaM sphUrti pAkara Age bar3hie / yadA-kadA kyA, bahudhA aise avasara Ae~ge ki jahA~ taka hamArI mati kI gati pahu~cI nahIM hogI, vahA~ taka isake zabdArtha hameM vAcyArtha se bar3hakara lakSyArtha-vyaMgyArtha aura paramArtha taka pahu~cA deNge| aneka zabdoM ke vyutpatti artha pAThaka ko ravi-kavi-anubhavI kI sImAoM se bhI pare le jAte haiN| zabdoM ko viloma karake dhvanita artha rAhI ko hIrA aura rAkha ko kharA banAkara mAnI ke mAna ko namA dete haiN| ___ isakA artha yaha nahIM ki isameM sarala, pravAhamaya sthaloM kI nyUnatA hai / saMskRta ke sudIrgha sUtroM ke gUr3ha artha ko kama zabdoM meM atyanta saralatA ke sAtha abhivyakti kA anUThApana darzanIya hai : 0 'utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya-yuktaM sat' (tattvArthasUtra-5/30) "AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai/AnA yAnI janana-utpAda hai jAnA yAnI maraNa-vyaya hai/lagA huA yAnI sthira-dhauvya hai aura/hai yAnI cira-sat/yahI satya hai, yahI tathya !" (pR. 185) 0 'bandhahetvabhAvanirjarAbhyAM kRtsnakarmavipramokSo mokSaH' (tattvArthasUtra-10/2) "bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA
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________________ 424 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA AmUla miTa jAnA hI/mokSa hai|" (pR. 486) parizrama kA phala vyaMjanA ke mAdhyama se isa prakAra mukharita huA hai : "aura, suno !/moThe dahI se hI nahIM,/khaTTe se bhI samucita manthana ho/navanIta kA lAbha avazya hotA hai|" (pR. 13-14) mAnava-jIvana meM saMyama ke mahattva ko saMkSepa meM kintu camatkArika DhaMga se prasphuTita kiyA hai : "saMyama ke binA AdamI nahIM/yAnI/AdamI vahI hai jo yathA-yogya/sahI AdamI hai|" (pR. 64) mahilA zabda ke vyutpattiparaka aneka artha kie haiN| eka alaukika artha prastuta hai : "jo saMgrahaNI vyAdhi se grasita huA hai/jisakI saMyama kI jaTharAgni manda par3I hai, parigraha-saMgraha se pIr3ita puruSa ko/mahI yAnI maThA-maherI pilAtI hai,/mahilA kahalAtI hai vaha.!" (pR. 202-203) isI prakAra strI, duhitA, sutA Adi zabdoM ke arthoM ko dhvanita kara nArI ke prati Adara bhAva vyakta kiyA hai| kiMbahunA ? vistareNa alaM-jo kucha kahA gayA hai vaha, jo kucha kahA jAnA cAhie-kI tulanA meM bahuta hI kama hai| itanA-sA kaha denA kRti ke prati nyAya nahIM hai kintu sAgara ko gAgara meM to bharA nahIM jA sktaa| kuzala se kuzala gotAkhora bhI sAgara tala kI gaharAI se samasta ratnarAzi ko nikAla nahIM sakatA phira rahA kinAre baiTha' vAle kI to hastI hI kyA hai ? hRdaya ne jo anubhava kiyA hai use jar3a lekhanI likha nahIM sakatI / astu / pRSTha 309 phira bAyeM hAtha meM kumbha lephara...... prAya: isI para TikatA hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' ke rahasyoM ko lipibaddha karanA laghukAya naukA se samudra pAra karanA DaoN. narendra zarmA darzana kI gaharAI kI antima sImA 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya hI nahIM hai, apitu mAnava ke lakSya 'mokSa' prApti kA sopAna bhI hai / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kI amara kRti 'mUkamATI' sAmAnya cetanA kA viSaya nahIM hai / isa anUThI dharohara ke vizleSaNa ke lie tapa kI agniyoM se guz2aranA hogA / sAmAnya vyakti to kevala isake zabdoM ko hI gunagunAtA raha jAegA / marma - artha kI gaharAI taka pahu~cane ke lie use darzana ke saiddhAntika pakSoM ko jJApita karanA hogA / mAnya vidhAyakoM meM yaha avarodha hai ki 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya hai athavA kAlidAsa ke 'meghadUta' kI taraha mAtra khaNDa kAvya hai / zAstrIya paribhASA ke anusAra khaNDa kAvya kI apanI eka sImA hai / kintu, mahAkAvya vividha prasaMgoM, upa prasaMgoM ke sAtha khaNDagata vibhAjana meM anubandhita hotA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke cAra khaNDa isa tathya ke spaSTa pramANa haiM ki 488 pRSThoM kA yaha divya grantha mahAkAvya hI hai / antaH sAkSya bhI 'mUkamATI' ko mahAkAvya kI sImA meM le lete haiN| 'mUkamATI' ke kucha prArambhika pRSTha apane kucha sahayogI pRSThoM ke sAtha prakRti ko samarpita haiN| kAlAntara meM kAla kI upekSA kie binA prAkRtika dRzya manuSya ke darzana tala ko chUne lagate haiM : " isa paryAya kI / iti kaba hogI ? ... pada do, paMtha do/ pAtheya bhI do mA~ ! " (pR. 5 ) bhAratIya darzana meM jIva kA mUla lakSya 'mokSa' hai / vedoM meM bhI isa mokSamArga ko mohagarta se nikAlA gayA hai| sAMsArika mohagarta itanA asIma hai ki vedoM ko bhI antata: 'neti neti' kaha kara mauna rakhanA pdd'aa| paryAya zabda - vidhAna sAMsArika asaMkhya anubhUtiyoM kA pratIka hai / sAMsArika anubhUtiyoM kI 'iti' hI vedoM ke 'neti neti' kathana meM saMgharSarata hai| AcAryazrI kA hI dhairya hai ki ve mAtra eka hI paMkti meM vedoM kI samasta gaharAiyoM ko sparza kara lete haiN| AtmA sAMsArika aizvaryoM kI ghuTana se pIr3ita hai / vaha kAma, krodha, lobha aura moha Adi meM jakar3a gaI hai| vaha vyathita hai, upAya kI khoja meM hai aura khoja meM vaha vilamba nahIM sahana kara sakatI : "kucha upAya karo mA~ ! / khuda apAya haro mA~ ! aura suno, / vilamba mata karo / " (pR. 5) 'mATI' mUka hai, usameM karuNA hai / vaha kumbhakAra kI AzritA hai / usakI kalA ke lie lAlAyita hai / vaha kumbhakAra kI samarpitA banakara 'ghaTa kalaza' meM rUpAntarita ho jAnA cAhatI hai : "vilamba mata karo / " (pR. 5) samprati, anAma 'mATI' sAMsArika bandhanoM kA atikramaNa karanA cAhatI hai / usameM na moha hai, na rAga hai aura na janma-maraNa kI jarA-jIrNatA hai / vaha bhaya sImAoM se dUra, nidrA - tandrA ke doSoM se mukta honA cAhatI hai / vaha aise prakAza ghaTa meM lIna honA cAhatI hai jisake pAsa na saMga hai, na saMgha / vaha samasta doSoM se zUnya honA cAhatI hai / bhAratIya darzana meM bhI Atma tattva, uparyukta kathita prasaMgoM se mukta hokara paramAtmA meM lIna honA cAhatA hai / sAMsArikatA ke praveza meM hI vaha rudana se apanI truTiyoM ko spaSTa kara detA hai /
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________________ 426 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pA~coM indriyA~ bAhya jagat meM vicaraNa karane lagatI haiM - asIma sImA unake vicaraNa kI / antataH ve thaka jAtI haiN| thakatI haiM to vApasa lauTatI haiM - yahI antarmukhI gati hai / isa gati se hI mokSa prArambha ho jAtA hai| bhAratIya darzana meM pratyeka jIva 'AtmA' pakSa meM eka hai| ata: vaha antarmukhI avasthA meM apane bhItarI svarUpa meM svata: ko pratibimbita karatA hai / vaha yathArthabhUta 'sva' ko mUlyAMkita kara svataH ko sArthaka karanA cAhatA hai / jisa prakAra rAma meM rAmatva ko tathA kRSNa meM kRSNatva ko dekhatA hai, usI prakAra vaha 'aham' meM brahma ko anveSita karatA hai / gada+hA ke vigraha meM 'gada' yAnI roga aura 'hA' yAnI hantA arthAt 'roga hantA' kI 'sva bhUmikA' ko prApta kara 'gadahA ' asIma Ananda rUpa mokSa ko pA hI letA hai| rAhI kI bhUmikA meM 'hIrA' tathA 'kharA' kI prApti meM tana, mana kI dUSikAoM ko rAkha karanA hI hogA, tabhI jIva 'rAma' ke 'tva' arthAt 'rAmatva' ko jAna sakegA / deva se devatva ke lie use lambI yAtrA karanI par3atI hai, tabhI kahIM cetana AtmA kharA utaratA hai : " tabhI kahIM cetana - AtmA / kharA utaregA / ...rA M"kha"""kha"rA N / " (pR. 57 ) 'mUkamATI' meM 'mauna' se 'mukti' taka kA vivecana cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| prathama unmeSa meM santa kavi ne mATI ke prathama rUpa kI vivecanA kI hai| yahI mATI kI varNa saMkara avasthA hai| mATI ke adRzya svarUpa ke sAtha kaMkar3a-patthara rUpa bhI haiM / svarUpa hetu kurUpa ko tyAganA hI hogaa| 'IzAvAsyam' ( 1 ) meM kahA gayA hai : 'tena' tyaktena bhuMjIthAH / " 66 yaha zabdAvalI spaSTa Adeza hai ki rUpa (sAMsArika anubhUtiyoM) ke tyAga se hI svarUpa ( sva + rUpa = anta: pakSa) arthAt paramAtmA kI upalabdhi hotI hai / AtmA kA aizvarya meM AkarSaNa hI varNa saMkara hai jabaki kaMkar3a-patthara kA sAhacarya vikAra hai / "nIra kA kSIra bananA hI / varNa-lAbha hai, / varadAna hai / / aura kSIra kA phaTa jAnA hI / varNa-saMkara hai/ abhizApa hai / " (pR. 49 ) yahI jIva kA lakSya hai / kintu, mA~ kI kokha se zmazAna kI, dUrI pAra karane meM eka arasA laga jAtA hai| mahAkAvya ke dvitIya unmeSa meM AcArya apekSAkRta praur3ha haiM / kAvyazAstriyoM ne isa unmeSa ko 'sAhitya-bodha' nAma se svIkAra kiyA hai / yaha 'kAvya-bodha' vividha kAvya vizeSatAoM kI maryAdA meM puSpita hai / 1 kavivara ne atyanta kuzalatA se mAnya nava rasoM ko anUThe DhaMga se dArzanika pariveza diyA hai| bhAratIya mAnyatA hai navarasoM kI anubhUti ke lie 'sAmAjika' honA anivArya hai / sAmAjika hI rasoM kI maryAdA ke anusAra bhAvanAoM ko rasAnukUla prerita karatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki eka hI 'bhAva' rasa ke anusAra kabhI karuNa to kabhI zRMgAra ho jAtA hai / saMkSepa meM, sukha-duHkhAtmaka prasaMgoM meM eka hI sAmAjika pRthak-pRthak bhAvAnukUla abhinIta hotA hai / ina sukhaduHkhAtmaka prasaMgoM kI viSAdAspada paristhitiyoM se zUnya hokara antataH 'zama' kI prApti hotI hai| anya rasoM kI apekSA zRMgAra rasa kI akathita vyAkhyA 'mUkamATI' meM hai / zRMgAra rasa mokSamUlaka hai| isa tathya ko jIvana dAna denA, santa pariveza meM kaThora tapasyA karanA hai| aisI avasthA meM AcArya saMskRta ke kAlidAsa ke samIpa A jAte haiN| kAlidAsa ne bhI 'vasa paridhUsare vasAnA' meM zRMgAra rasa ko mokSa prApti kA sAdhana nirUpita kara diyA hai| sAMkhya darzana meM bhI prakRti - puruSa siddhAnta zRMgAra rasa ke mokSa pakSa meM hI matadAna karatA hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 427 dvitIya unmeSa meM santa kavi ne "utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvya yuktaM sat" jaise kaThina sUtroM ko bhI saralIkRta kara diyA "AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai / AnA yAnI janana- utpAda hai jAnA yAnI maraNa - vyaya hai / lagA huA yAnI sthira - dhrauvya hai / aura hai yAnI cira- sat / yahI satya hai, yahI tathya ..!" (pR. 185) kavi ne AnA-jAnA kI vivecanA karake punarjanma ko svIkArA hI nahIM, apitu isa prasaMga ko sthira mAnA hai / spaSTa hai ki manISI isa samaya gItA ke karma - siddhAnta ke samIpa A jAte haiN| kavivara 'zabda' kI paribhASA meM uccAraNa ko svIkRti dete haiM / ve 'uccAraNa' ko hI 'zabda' kahate haiM / vaidika darzana meM zabda hI brahma hai / isa zabda - brahma kA rahasya samajhanA 'bodha' hai / isa 'bodha' kI anubhUti hI 'zodha' hai jo anAdi Rta hai, satya hai tathA mUla tathya hai / 'gItA' ke darzana meM karma ko mAnyatA dI gaI hai| karma meM adhikAra kI 'sattA' bhI spaSTa hai / kintu karma se phala cintana kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai : " mA phaleSu kadAcana / " (2/47) AcAryavara 'phala' ko antima bindu svIkAra karate haiM / isa hetu ve gItA darzana se kucha dUra saraka jAte haiN| ve puSpa se nahIM, apitu phala se tRpti ko anubhUta karate haiM : "phUla se nahIM, phala se / tRpti kA anubhava hotA hai / " (pR. 107) uparyukta donoM pakSoM meM virodhAbhAsa nahIM hai| gItA ke anusAra karma ke adhikAra kI paribhASA se 'phala' prApta to hogA hI / ata: cintA anAvazyaka hai / phala prApti ke mUla meM cintA kA ropaNa phala bAdhaka bhI ho sakatA hai, ata: 'gItA' meM 'phala' ko AtmAnubhUti mAnA gayA hai| isI pakSa ko AcAryazrI ne phala se tRpti kA anubhava svIkAra kiyA hai / 'zabda' brahma hai| 'bodha' puSpa hai / puSparUpI bodha meM anukUlatA hai saguNa pakSa meM, jabaki nirguNa pakSa meM yahI bodha zodha haipariNati hai - mAnava jIvana kI upalabdhi hai / mAnava-jIvana ke AdhyAtmika pakSa ko pApa-puNya ina do zabdoM se pUrita kiyA gayA hai| prAcya vidhAyakoM ne ina donoM zabdoM ko paribhASita kiyA hai / prAyaH samasta vidhAyaka isa vicAra para eka mata haiM ki mana, vacana tathA kAya kI amalatA se puNya milatA hai| isake viparIta doSoM se pApa kI vRSTi hotI hai| manuSya kI prakRti meM pApa kA AkarSaNa sarala hai, svAbhAvika hai / aizvarya 'kSobha' ko prasUta karatA hai / mAnyavara ne spaSTa kahA hai ki dharatI kI yaza: sthiti se sAgara kSubhita ho jAtA hai aura anta meM isa kSobhalatikA kA anta pralaya meM badala jAtA hai / bhAratIya darzana meM 'krodhAt bhavati sammohaH...vinazyati' kA prAyogika upadeza uparyukta kathAnaka ko hI puSTa karatA hai| 'mUkamATI' kI vRddhAvasthA caturtha khaNDa meM hai / kumbhakAra ghaTa ko svarUpa de detA hai / yaha svarUpa sAMsArika praveza kahA jA sakatA hai| mAnava ke bhautika pakSa ko ihalaukika yAtanAoM meM tapanA par3atA hai / 'ghaTa' tapegA / babUla vyathita hai / lakar3iyA~ jalatI haiM, bujhatI haiM / babUla kI araNiyA~ vyathita haiM / babUla kI niyati jalane-bujhane meM hI hai| 'ghaTa' satarka hai| vaha tapa ke antima rUpa meM hai / use nikhAra 'mokSa' kI pratIkSA hai / ' "mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI / mujhe jilAnA hai" (pR. 277 ) - yaha 'jilAnA' tabhI sambhava hai jaba babUla ko tapa
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________________ 428 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kI sAmagrI meM samAviSTa kiyA jAegA / babUla kA kArya puNyamaya hai| kisI ko svarUpa dene ke lie apane ko 'iti' meM lAnA hI upakAra hai| ___"sva-para doSoM ko jalAnA/parama-dharma mAnA hai santoM ne" (pR. 277)- isameM santoM kA anumodana bhI hai| 'babUla' kA tyAga hI ghaTa kA svarUpa hai / kAlAntara meM, ghaTakAra kI saphalatA hai| kumbha kA saundarya hI kumbhakAra kI saphalatA hai, kuzalatA hai : "'kumbha kI kuzalatA so apanI kuzalatA'/yU~ kahatA huA kumbhakAra sollAsa svAgata karatA hai avA kA,/aura retila rAkha kI rAzi ko,/jo avA kI chAtI para thI hAthoM meM phAvar3A le, haTAtA hai |/jyoN-jyoN rAkha haTatI jAtI, tyoM-tyoM kumbhakAra kA kutUhala/bar3hatA jAtA hai, ki kaba dikhe vaha kuzala kumbha'"!" (pR. 296) antata:, vaha kumbha ko agni tApa se bAhara nikAlatA hai| 'kumbha' apane antima tapa ko prApta kara 'sAdhutva' ko pA letA hai / vaha sabakI tRSA-tRpti kA puNya prApta kara letA hai / yaha tRSA tRptRtva jaina muniyoM kA lakSya hai - mokSa hai| yahI Adeza hai, yahI upadeza hai| antima khaNDa meM seTha kA AhAradAnoparAnta rikta hAtha lauTanA isI satya kA pratIka hai ki vaha apane gantavya patha ko jAna gayA hai| aba use mAyAvI rAjamArgoM para lauTane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / use nirdiSTa mArgoM kA bhAna ho gayA hai| vaha anamanA hai, apane bhUta ke mArgoM se vyathita hai / kintu abhI to mAtra mArga hI milA hai-mukti nahIM / mukti meM lauTanA kaisA: "sahI dizA kA prasAda hI/yahI dazA kA prAsAda hai|" (pR. 352) ___mahAkavi kAlidAsa viracita 'abhijJAna zAkuntalam' kA caturtha aMka jisa prakAra mAnavIya anubhUtiyoM se saMvalita ho yathArtha kA poSaka hai, usI prakAra 'mUkamATI' kA caturtha khaNDa mAnavIya udvegoM kA samaSTi khaNDa hai / AcAryazrI ne atyanta sUkSma divyadRSTi se isa aMka ko 'caturtha dhAma' meM sthApita kiyA hai| maiM vyaktigata rUpa se isa khaNDa ko 'mokSa khaNDa' kI saMjJA dete hue vicalita nahIM hotaa| AcAryazrI ne 'IrSyA' pakSa kA ananvaya prasaMga prastuta kiyA hai| 'mATI' lAja bhare saundarya meM avaguNThita ho kara apane ko saMskRti ke anukUla prastuta kara sakI hai / vaha mUka hai / 'mATI' kA saundarya 'ghaTa' tapa kI samasta zreNiyoM kA atikramaNa kara 'svarNa ghaTa' ko jhuThalA detA hai / 'svarNa ghaTa' meM IrSyA hai / vaha AtaMka kI sthiti meM hai / vaha gajadala aura nAga-nAginiyoM kI apekSA meM hai| nAva kA DUbanA ihalaukika' hai jabaki seTha kA kSamA bhAva' antata: yathArtha hai / hRdaya parivartana mAyAvAda ke anta kA kAraNa hai| 'svarNa kalaza' apane mAyAvI saundarya se glapita hai| caturtha khaNDa sAmAjika pakSa ke dAyitva bodha kI cetanA hai / AcAryazrI ne dAyitvabodha ko manuSya taka hI sImita nahIM kiyA hai, apitu eka tuccha 'macchara' se isa bodha ko saralIkRta bhI kiyA hai : "sUkhA pralobhana mata diyA karo/svAzrita jIvana jiyA karo, kapaTatA kI paTutA ko/jalAMjali do !/gurutA kI janikA laghutA ko
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 429 zraddhAMjali do ! / zAlInatA kI vizAlatA meM / AkAza samA jAya / aura jIvana udAratA kA udAharaNa bane ! / akAraNa hI para ke duHkha kA sadA haraNa ho !" (pR. 387 - 388) AcAryazrI mokSamArga ko dikhA sakate haiM - mokSa ko nhiiN| vidhAyaka pravacana de sakate haiM, vacana nhiiN| guru dizA de sakate haiM, dizAnta nahIM / mokSa, vacana aura dizAnta to Atma-puruSArtha se hI sambhava haiN| 'ghaTa' ko dizAnta taka kI yAtrA meM apane hI puruSArthoM kA prayoga karanA par3atA hai| 1 yaha sampUrNa saMsAra tana, mana aura vacana ke bandhanoM se ghirA rahatA hai / ina bandhanoM kI 'iti' hI mokSa hai| zuddhAvasthA meM amiTa sukha hai| usakI prApti meM AvAgamana samApta ho jAtA hai| samApti hI lakSya hai, mokSa hai : "bandhana - rUpa tana, / mana aura vacana kA / AmUla miTa jAnA hI / mokSa hai / isI kI zuddha - dazA meM / avinazvara sukha hotA hai / jise / prApta hone ke bAda, yahA~/ saMsAra meM AnA kaise sambhava hai / tuma hI batAo ! ... vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI / avazya milegI / magara mArga meM nahIM, maMjila para ! / aura / mahA- mauna meM / DUbate hue santa" aura mAhaula ko/animeSa nihAratI - sI / mUkamATI / " (pR. 486 - 488 ) AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI 'mUkamATI' kI sAttvika prazaMsA ke lie zabda-koza adhUrA hai / satya hI, yaha kRti 'divya' hai / yaha sAmAnya bauddhika vicAroM kA saMgraha nahIM hai / yaha kRti hai tapa kI antima bindu; yaha kRti hai eka atulanIya tapasvI ke tapa kI USmA kA; yaha kRti hai mAnava kI digdarzikA; yaha kRti hai eka sAMsArika Azcarya; yaha kRti hai avAk kI antima sImA aura aura yaha kRti hai mahAtmA RSi maharSi - rAjarSi - nahIM nahIM nahIM apitu eka devarSi kA unmukta AzIrvAda mAnava ko / maiMne samIkSA nahIM kI, devarSi se zikSA lI hai / sampUrNa vivecanA hetu janmajanmAntaroM kI AvazyakatA hai / pRSTha 158 mA~ kI goda meM bAlaka bAlaka kA mukha chipA letI hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : hindI sAhitya kI aitihAsika upalabdhi DaoN. zakuntalA siMha 'mUkamATI' jaina muni AcArya vidyAsAgarajI dvArA racita kAvyakRti hai / bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ne isa kRti kA paricaya prastavana' zIrSaka se dete hue likhA hai- "mUkamATI mahAkAvya kA sRjana Adhunika bhAratIya sAhitya kI eka ullekhanIya upalabdhi hai|' yadyapi zrI jaina ne ise mahAkAvya yA khaNDakAvya yA mAtra kAvya kI kisa zreNI meM rakhA jAya, yaha prazna uThAyA hai, para yaha prazna aprAsaMgika hI hai / vastuta: isakA kRtikAra na to hindI sAhitya kA viziSTa kavi hai aura na hI usakA mUla uddezya mAtra kAvya sRSTi hai| kRtikAra AcArya vidyAsAgara jaina dharma hI nahIM, vartamAna bhAratIya dArzanikoM aura santoM meM ziromaNi haiM / ataeva unhoMne isa racanA ke mAdhyama se samagra mAnava samAja ke lie zAzvata, kalyANakArI, dArzanika vivecana prastuta kiyA hai, ataeva zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ke isa kathana se adhikAMza pAThaka sahamata hoMge ki yaha eka dArzanika santa kI AtmA kA saMgIta hai| bhAratIya kAvya kI paramparAgata sImA meM bA~dha kara isakA sahI mUlyAMkana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, yadyapi 'mUkamATI' nizcita eka kAvya kRti hai / kAvya dRSTi se vicAra kareM to yaha paramparAgata mahAkAvya ke svarUpa kI jhalaka avazya detI hai / isakA bRhat svarUpa (lagabhaga 500 pRSTha), kAvya ke mAdhyama se eka kathAnaka kI abhinava kalpanA, miTTI, kumbhakAra, dharatI, saritA, machalI, puSpa, candra, sUrya, nakSatra, mAnavoM meM eka rAjA, mantrI, nagara seTha Adi pAtroM kA saMketa, kRti kA sargoM meM vibhAjana-ina saba kAvyagata avayavoM se yaha kRti mahAkAvya kI jhalaka avazya detI hai kintu jaisA hamane Arambha meM hI nivedana kiyA hai ki racanAkAra kA mUla uddezya kAvya-racanA nahIM varan darzana nirUpaNa hai| ata: kRti ke kAvya svarUpa kA vivAda nirarthaka hai| sampUrNa kRti ke adhyayanoparAnta siddha hai ki AcArya vidyAsAgara jaise tapasvI ke hRdaya meM dArzanikatA ke kaThora parvata khaNDa ke bhItara kavi kI eka anta:salilA avazya pravAhita hai / isI zakti ne unameM 'miTTI' jaisI laghu kintu lokAcAra meM heya vastu ko udAtta kalpanA aura bhAvajanita raMga se apUrva banA dene kA kAvyagata camatkAra prastuta kiyA hai| unakI kathA-kalpanA jahA~ komala bhAvapravaNa hai vahIM usameM prAkRtika dRzyoM, vastuoM ke vAstavika mUlyAMkana kI adbhuta tArkika zailI hai| prakRti ke vibhinna mohaka rUpoM ke abhinava dRzyoM ko unakI mahat zabda-zakti ne jIvanta banAyA hai, jaise: "prAcI ke adharoM para/manda madhurima muskAna hai/sara para pallA nahIM hai aura siMdUrI dhUla ur3atI-sI/raMgIna-rAga kI AbhA-/bhAI hai, bhAI! lajjA ke ghUghaTa meM/DUbatI-sI kumudinI/prabhAkara ke kara-chuvana se bacanA cAhatI hai vaha;/apanI parAga ko-/sarAga-mudrA ko pA~khuriyoM kI oTa detI hai|" (pR. 1-2) vastuta: pUrI kRti meM AcAryajI kA vizada pANDitya va prabhAva parilakSita hai / aura unake dArzanika cintana ke bauddhika, tArkika evaM navya artha pradAya ke anekAneka prasaMga prastuta haiM / darzana jaise vikaTa aura jaTila viSaya ko apanI tArkikatA, nUtana upamA, dRSTAnta, atyanta rocaka gUr3ha arthatattvoM ke mAdhyama se sAmAnya jana ke lie bhI paThanIya banA diyA hai| merI dRSTi se AcAryajI kI cintanazIlatA kisI ekAnta vana pradeza athavA kandarA meM rahane vAle RSi-puruSa kI nahIM hai varan usa mahAn vicAraka kI hai jisakI cintanazIlatA kI lambI zRMkhalA meM Adhunika yuga evaM jIvana ke sabhI jvalanta prazna aura samasyAoM kA gahana adhyayana evaM nidAna bhI hai| kRti ke Arambha meM hI 'miTTI' kI AkulatA para dharatI kA prastuta vivecana Adhunika yuga ke yakSa praznoM kA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 431 nitAnta saTIka uttara hai, jaise : "sattA zAzvata hotI hai, beTA!/prati-sattA meM hotI haiM anagina sambhAvanAyeM/utthAna-patana kI,/khasakhasa ke dAne-sA bahuta choTA hotA hai/bar3a kA bIja vaha !" (pR. 7) Aja ke vaiSamya, mAnavIya santrAsa, vividha saMgharSa, hiMsA aura vibhISikA ke mUla meM sattA kI, mithyA sukha kI adamya AkAMkSA aura AsthA ke zAzvata, dRr3ha sambala kA abhAva hI to mukhya bindu hai / AcAryazrI cintaka ke U~ce pada se utarakara eka bhAvuka kavi kI dharatI para AsIna hokara jo ghoSaNA karate haiM use sAmAnya pAThaka kA mana bhI sahaja svIkAra karatA hai, jaise : "ujalI-ujalI jala kI dhArA/bAdaloM se jharatI hai dharA-dhUla meM A-dhUmila ho/dala-dala meM badala jAtI hai| vahI dhArA yadi nIma kI jar3oM meM jA milatI/kaTutA meM DhalatI hai|" (pR. 8) tabhI to yaha niSkarSa hai : "jaisI saMgati milatI hai/vaisI mati hotI hai/mati jaisI, agrima gati milatI jAtI"milatI jaatii"|" (pR. 8) mAnava-jIvana meM sukha-du:kha, utthAna-patana kA cakra cirantana hai / AcAryajI ne isa kaThora satya ko apanI svAbhAvika, laukika kAvyamayI upamAoM se sahaja banA diyA hai, jaise : "parvata kI talahaTI se bhI/hama dekhate haiM ki/uttuMga zikhara kA darzana hotA hai,/parantu/caraNoM kA prayoga kiye binA zikhara kA sparzana/sambhava nahIM hai !" (pR. 10) 'AsthA hI jIvana hai'- yaha sandeza yugoM se hamAre sAmane rahA hai kintu AcAryajI ne apanI abhinava tArkikatA se use nizcita hI anukaraNIya banA diyA hai| unhIM ke zabdoM meM : "AsthA ke tAroM para hI/sAdhanA kI a~guliyA~/calatI haiM sAdhaka kI, sArthaka jIvana meM taba/svarAtIta saragama jharatI hai !" (pR. 9) jIvanadhArA ke donoM kinAroM-uccatA aura nimnatA kI pahacAna Avazyaka hai / vastuta: mAnavIya durbalatAe~ nirAzA kA viSaya nahIM haiN| ye durbalatAe~ hI hamAre lie uccatA ke nApane kI tulA haiN| isa sambandha meM prastuta dRSTAnta kitanA saTIka evaM bodhagamya hai : "AsthA ke binA rAstA nahIM/mUla ke binA cUla nahIM/parantu mUla meM kabhI/phUla khile haiM ?" (pR. 10) jJAna aura darzana ke jaTila mArga ko sugama banAne meM isa kRti kI vibhinna abhivyaktiyA~ hamAre lie ukti aura sUkti kA bhaNDAra ekatra karatI haiM, jaise : "ati ke binA/iti se sAkSAtkAra sambhava nahIM/aura/iti ke binA
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________________ 432 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA atha kA darzana asambhava !/artha yaha huA ki/pIr3A kI ati hI/pIr3A kI iti hai aura/pIr3A kI iti hI/sukha kA atha hai|" (pR. 33) ina uktiyoM kA prayoga kRti meM prayukta vibhinna pAtroM ke mAdhyama se svAbhAvika rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| isameM rocakatA kA aisA aMza hai jisase zuSka evaM nIrasa darzana kA bodha halakA ho jAtA hai / mATI aura machalI kA saMvAda isI tAratamya meM draSTavya hai / machalI ke prazna kA uttara mATI detI hai : "sat kI khoja meM lagI dRSTi hI/sat-yuga hai, beTA !/aura asat viSayoM meM DUbI/A-pAda-kaNTha sat ko asat mAnanevAlI dRSTi/svayaM kaliyuga hai, beTA !"(pR. 83) zilpI aura mATI ke prasaMga meM AcAryazrI ne saMsAra 99 kA cakkara hai'--yaha udghoSa karate hue rocaka zailI meM niSThA evaM zraddhA kI vivecanA kI hai : "labdha-saMkhyA ko paraspara milAne se/9 kI saMkhyA hI zeSa raha jAtI hai|" (pR. 166) bhAvasAmyatA ke lie hameM gosvAmI tulasIdAsa kI ina paMktiyoM kA smaraNa ho AtA hai : "rAma nAma meM prIti karU~, chA~r3i sakala vyavahAra / jaise ghaTai na aMka nau, nau ke likhata pahAra // " kRtikAra kI cintanadhArA hamAre deza ke jIvana para AdhunikatA ke prabhAva ko aisI vyaMgyAtmaka zailI meM prastuta karatI hai ki bAta pAThaka ke hRdaya meM sIdhe praveza kara jAtI hai / eka udAharaNa prastuta hai : " "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam"/isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai vasu yAnI dhana-dravya/dhA yAnI dhAraNa karanA/Aja dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai/dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kaa|" (pR. 82) prastuta kRti kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai ki eka jaina RSi dvArA praNIta isa kAvya-racanA meM Arambha se anta taka dArzanikatA ke gUr3ha cintana kA avirala pravAha hai kintu pAramparikatA se yukta, sAmpradAyika avadhAraNA se zUnya hai| isameM kRtikAra ke nijI dharma yA darzana kA kahIM bhI pracArAtmaka puTa nahIM hai| isa kRti meM jina dArzanika binduoM kA vivecana hai ve sArvajanIna aura sarva dharma ke AdhAra stambha haiN| ina binduoM meM kaThina darzana, vaicArika pradeya, sarvahitAya aura sarvakalyANakArI sandeza kA sazakta pravAha hai, jaise : " 'sva' ko sva ke rUpa meM/'para' ko para ke rUpa meM/jAnanA hI sahI jJAna hai, aura/ 'sva' meM ramaNa karanA/sahI jJAna kA 'phl'|" (pR.375) __yaha sampUrNa grantha triveNI kA pratirUpa hai jisameM gUDha darzana kI adRzya sarasvatI hai, vipula jJAna kI gaMgA, mAnavIya mUlyoM kI gahana vegamayI yamunA eka sAtha pravAhita hai| saMkSepa meM, yaha mahAn kAvya grantha hindI sAhitya ke lie aitihAsika upalabdhi hai, jisakA praNetA hindItara bhASAbhASI hai / vastutaH yaha kAvya kRti mAnavIya jIvana-mUlyoM evaM bhAratIya saMskRti ke cintanaparaka niSkarSoM kA Adhunika itihAsa hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : jIvana-zAlA kI khulI kitAba DaoN. (zrImatI) nIlama jaina kAlajayI, prAsaMgika evaM hRdayasparzI mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' maunapriya, sAdhaka, AtmaniyantA, taporata karmazilpI jagat-vandya AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke anubhavI, gahana manthana kI svAnubhUta anubhUtiyoM kI eka aisI racanA hai, jo jar3a ke mAdhyama se cetana pArasa se sparzita hokara maNivat prakaTa huI hai| dharma, darzana evaM adhyAtma ke svara navInatama chAyAvAdI aura rahasyavAdI DhaMga se mukharita hokara sAmAnya jana-jana ke soca aura bhAvoM ko nijatva meM DhAla kara prabhAvI DhaMga se isameM zabdAyita hue haiN| mUka, ni:svara, jar3a mATI--jise jo cAhe pairoM tale rauMda de--vahI mATI jaba kinhIM saMvedanazIla, sahRdaya, sakSama hAthoM kI zobhA banatI hai taba vahI dhUla sAdhanA, ArAdhanA kI utkaTa bhAvanA se maMgala kalaza ke rUpa meM pUjya ho jAtI hai, zavatva zivatva bana jAtA hai aura prastara bhagavAn / isa prakAra karma-zrama ke rAjapatha kI zobhA ke sammukha hara zIza nata hotA hai / ____ AcAryazrI kI 'mUkamATI' eka sandeza mAtra nahIM, eka prAyogika evaM vyAvahArika kRti hai evaM tapasyA aura nimitta kI mahimAvalI hai / akATya tarka hai jIvana kA, darpaNa hai mAnava mana kA / saMsAra kI acchI suraMga meM bhaTakane, khone, rone, sisakane vAloM ke lie jIvanadAyinI saMjIvanI mATI ko AcAryapravara kI divya lekhanI ne sa~bhalane, pAne, ha~sane tathA basane kA patha batalAyA hai / sampUrNa jIvana zailI aura jaina darzana ko Agama sammata dRSTikoNa se nIrasa viSaya ko bhI sarasa banAkara jisa kAvyAtmaka DhaMga se isameM prastuti huI hai vaha ananya, azrutapUrva va abhinna hai| vartamAna meM arAjakatA, asantoSa, naitika avamUlyana, bhraSTAcAra, damana, zoSaNa, utpIr3ana ke durdAnta evaM khataranAka yuga meM AtmAnuzAsana ke mAdhyama se AtmotthAna kI pradIpikA samunnata, vikasita, sabhya, ziSTa, zubhra, sAndra jIvana ke sampanna aura samartha muhAvare ke rUpa meM prakaTita hotI hai / yaha jIvana-nirmANa saMkalana ke hAzie kI katarana nahIM, pRSTha-dara-pRSTha kI jIvanta sAmagrI hai| eka preraNA bindu : "kintu beTA!/itanA hI paryApta nahIM hai| AsthA ke viSaya ko/AtmasAt karanA ho use anubhUta karanA ho/to/sAdhanA ke sA~ce meM svayaM ko DhAlanA hogA saharSa!/parvata kI talahaTI se bhI hama dekhate haiM ki/uttuMga zikhara kA/darzana hotA hai,/parantu caraNoM kA prayoga kiye binA/zikhara kA sparzana/sambhava nahIM hai !" (pR. 10) aura isa satya se sAkSAtkAra karate hI AsthA sthAI tathA dRr3hA, dRr3hatarA, dRr3hatamA ho jAtI hai aura isa prakAra taiyAra ho jAtA hai nIMva kA ispAtI sUtrapAta, vizleSaNa va vivecana kA prAdurbhAva / aura isa prakAra prApta ho jAtI hai eka viziSTa dRSTi, jisase hama svayaM apane darpaNa va dIpaka donoM hI bana jAte haiN| eka pakSa evaM catura lakSyabhedaka ke zara-sandhAna ti 'makamATI' apanI racanA-prakriyA meM kahIM koI upakaraNAtmaka sAjo-sAmAna ekatra kie binA eka sazakta vidyA aura varadAna ke rUpa meM vaha bIja pAThaka ke mana meM botI hai jo jar3a, tanA, pattA, zAkhA, phUla aura phala se yukta sampUrNa vRkSa rUpI soca ko AdhAra detA hai|
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________________ 434 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA isameM sAhitya, kalA, vijJAna ke sabhI pahaluoM kA saMsparzana, zramaNakula- gurudeva ke vyApaka anubhava, spaSTa cintana-manana, vistRta soca-samajha ke sAtha-sAtha jIvana kI nikaTatA, AlocanA, rahasyodghATana, samakAlIna sandarbhoM kI visaMgatiyA~, manobhAvoM ke Aroha-avaroha evaM racanAzIla bhAvanA kI anuraMjita gAthA bhI haiM / prakRti pradatta pratibhA ke dhanI, abhidhA - vyaMjanA evaM lakSaNA ke siddhazilpI isa dazAbdI kI uSA velA meM lekhanI kA bhI uddezya ve yahI kahate haiM : "maiM yathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~ / vyathAkAra nahIM / / aura maiM tathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~ / kathAkAra nahIM / isa lekhanI kI bhI yahI bhAvanA hai - / kRti rahe, saMskRti rahe AgAmI asIma kAla taka / jAgRta "jIvita" ajita !" (pR. 245) janamAnasa ko lekhanI se eka vyAvahArika sandeza, upadeza se pare vicAra pradAna kiyA hai : " corI mata karo, corI mata karo / yaha kahanA kevala / dharma kA nATaka hai uparila sabhyatA upacAra ! / cora itane pApI nahIM hote / jitane ki coroM ko paidA karane vAle / " (pR. 468) prati zabda svayaM meM vizada, sArthaka, saTIka hai| artha vizleSaNa yukta nIti vAkyoM kI navIna zailI se susajjita mahAkAvya ko vidyA vizeSa, Andolana vizeSa, sandarbha vizeSa se dUra rakhate hue hI AcAryaratna zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne jIvana kI sannikaTatA se jor3A hai / antararASTrIya khyAti prApta bhAratIya jJAnapITha se prakAzita 488 pRSThIya amUlya, laukikaalaukika nidhi pradAtA, AkarSaka, prabhAvI viSayavastu anurUpa mukhapRSTha yukta yaha mahAkAvya sabhI vargoM meM apane hI damakhama se khyAti prApta kara pAyA hai| satya to yaha hai mahAkAvyAtmaka samasta guNoM se yukta, navIna zabda vizleSaNa kA koza 'mUkamATI' eka khulI pustaka hai jIvana zAlA kii| [ 'jaina mahilAdarza' (mAsika), lakhanaU- uttarapradeza, disambara, 1991 ] Le pRSTha 63 gA~Tha ke sandhi-sthAna para turanta gA~Tha khola dete haiN| O
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________________ siddha sarjaka kI mukhara sAdhanA : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. dAdUrAma zarmA kAvyaprakAzakAra AcArya mammaTa ne kAvya ke chaH prayojana yA uddezya batalAe haiM- 1. yazaHprApti, 2. arthaprApti, 3. vyavahAra jJAna, 4. zivetarakSati, 5. sadya: paranirvRtti yA lokottarAnanda kI prApti aura 6. kaantaasmmitopdesh| inameM antima tIna kAvya ke mahat uddezya haiN| 'sva' kI kArA se mukta hone para hI vyakti ko lokottarAnanda kI anubhUti ho sakatI hai| yaha 'sva' kI kArA hai indriya parAyaNatA tathA apane aura parAe kA bhedbhaav| usase mukti kA sugama upAya hai kAvya kA kAntAsammitopadeza-sahadharmiNI patnI kI bhA~ti sarasa, preraka mArgadarzana / isameM darzana kI-sI durUhatA aura dharmagranthoM kA-sA nIrasa zAbdika upadeza nahIM hotaa| 'zivatarakSati' arthAt AtmakalyANa aura lokamaMgala kAvya kA carama lakSya hai| gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ke zabdoM meM : "kIrati bhaniti bhUti bhali soI / surasari sama saba kaha~ hita hoii||" gaMgA kI taraha jana-mana aura loka-jIvana ke kalmaSoM kA prakSAlana kara loka-kalyANakArI samAja kI saMracanA karanA hI kAvya (bhaNiti) kA antima lakSya hai| dharma ke upadeza sIdhe-sIdhe hRdaya meM nahIM utarate, mana ko bA~dha nahIM pAte, hamArI prasupta cetanA ko tIvratA se jhakajhora kara jagA nahIM pAte aura kartavya kI uddAma preraNA se hameM Urjasvita nahIM kara pAte, tabhI to bauddha dharmopadeSTA mahAkavi azvaghoSa jaise ko sarasa kAvya kA Azraya lenA par3A thA : "ityeSA vyupazAntaye na rataye mokSArthagarbhAkRtiH / zrotRRNAM grahaNArthamanyamanasAM kAvyopacArAt kRtA ||"(saundrnnd, 18/63) digambara jaina santa AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ne mumukSu jIva ke sAdhanApatha kI durUha, jaTila, bojhilatA aura manomaloM tathA sAMsArika rAga-dveSoM kI abhitaptatA ko apanI kavitA-gaMgA kI dhArA meM zItala, pAvana aura grAhya banA diyA hai / 'mUkamATI' unakA pratIkAtmaka mahAkAvya hai / ise rUpaka kAvya bhI kaha sakate haiM / 'mATI' mumukSa yA sAdhaka jIvAtmA hai| dharatI mAtA' virATa citzakti yA paramAtma tattva kA pratIka hai| 'kumbhakAra' muktimArgopadeSTA guru hai| santa-kAvya-paramparA meM isa vicAraNA ke utsa ko bAbA kabIra kI isa sAkhI meM khojA jA sakatA hai : "guru kumhAra ghaTa siSa hai, gar3ha-gar3ha chA~Tai khoTa / antara hAtha sahAra de, bAhara mArai coTa // " miTTI svayaM ni:sva aura niSkriya hai / usakI sArthaka sakriyatA do rUpoM meM prakaTa hotI hai- (1) kSudhita loka kI bubhukSA ko zAnta karane ke lie apanI kokha se bIja ko phaladAra per3a ke rUpa meM janma dekara yA apanI chAtI para lahalahAtI phasala ugAkara aura (2) pipAsAkula janoM kI pyAsa bujhAne ke lie svayaM ko ghaTa rUpa meM pariNata karake / prathama sthiti meM usakA astitva avikala rahatA hai / vaha zramajIvI kRSaka kA sAnnidhya pAkara bIja praroha kA pradhAna nimitta kAraNa hI bana pAtI hai jabaki dUsarI sthiti meM vaha kumbhakAra ke pArasa karoM ke saMsparza se ghaTatva kA upAdAna kAraNa bana jAtI hai|
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________________ 436 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA vidyAsAgarajI ne mATI kI ghaTatva meM mahimAmayI pariNati ko hI apane kAvya kA viSaya banAyA hai / mAnava bhI mATI kI bhA~ti ni:sva aura niSkraya hai| usake jIvana kI sArthakatA to paramArthopadezaka samartha guru kA sazakta sambala aura karuNAmaya pArasa sparza pAkara apanI kSudra - upekSita vyakti sattA ko ghaTatva (lokakalyANa ke lie svayaM ko azeSa bhAva se arpita kara dene) meM pariNata kara dene meM hai / 'gadahA ' ( gadhA ) bhI ni:sva hai, kyoMki vaha mATI ko apanI pITha para Dhokara kumhAra ke kAryasthala taka le jAtA hai, phira khAlI ho jAtA hai, usake pAsa kucha nahIM raha jAtA / kintu isa upekSita nimitta kAraNa kI bhI apanI anupekSaNIya mahattA aura upayogitA hai, kyoMki svArtha se sarvathA achUtA usakA jIvana parArtha lie samarpita hai| mATI kI ghaTatva - pariNati meM usakI basa yahI pAramArthika abhilASA hai : "merA nAma sArthaka ho prabho ! / yAnI / 'gada' kA artha hai roga 'hA' kA artha hai hAraka / maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA banU~ / basa, aura kucha vAMchA nahIM/gada - hA gadahA !" (pR. 40 ) .. 1 kisI sAdhaka ke siddhimArga meM gadhe kI bhA~ti sahAyaka honA bhI kama sArthaka aura mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai / gadhe kI isa mahat AtmAbhilASA meM parasantApaharaNa ke lie 'mokSa' (apunarbhava) ko bhI ThukarA dene vAle parama bhAgavata mahArAja rantideva kI udghoSaNA zrImad bhAgavata mahApurANa meM jaise sAkAra ho uThI hai : " 'na kAmaye'haM gatimIzvarAt parAmaSTarddhiyuktAmapunarbhavaM vA / ArtiM prapadye'khiladehabhAjAmantaH sthito yena bhavantyaduHkhAH || " (9/21/12) pRSTha 258-258 phUla ne pavana ko aura koI prayojanA nahIM---- hA~ !
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________________ mATI kI saundarya-yAtrA kA kAvya : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. candragupta 'mayaMka' bhautika kAyA meM adhyAtma kA anveSaNa hai 'muukmaattii'| santa kavi zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne isa asahaja kArya ko sahaja hI sampAdita kara sAhityazrI ko abhimaNDita kiyA hai / 'mUkamATI' kI vANI kA zravaNa, zravaNagata anubhUti ko cintana kI kharAda para car3hA kara, jJAna kI chainI se tarAzakara jisa advitIya saundarya kI saMracanA santa kavi ne kI haiusakA nAma hai 'mUkamATI' / vastutaH 'mUkamATI' mATI kI saundarya yAtrA kA kAvya hai| isa kAvyakRti kA kathA sUtra itanA mahIna hai ki use samajhane ke lie Atma-cakSu kA sacetana honA Avazyaka hai, carma-cakSu ke basa kA nahIM hai yaha kAma / sAmAnya pAThaka ke lie usake kAvyatva kA AsvAda grahaNa karanA to sahaja hai kintu usa kAvyatva ke AvaraNa meM adhyAtma kA jo saundarya nikharA hai, usakA Ananda anta:cakSu se hI mila sakatA hai| vastutaH 'mUkamATI' jJAna-vijJAna ke sAtha hI cintana aura manana ke nae vAtAyana nirmANa meM sakSama hai / niHsandeha AcAryazrI ne apane anubhava aura adhyayana ke sAtha cintana aura manana ko samanvita kara hindI kAvya ko nae AyAma dene kA prayAsa kiyA hai / vizva samAja kI santapta deha ke lie zItala havA kA jhoMkA hai- 'mUkamATI' kA avtrnn| "cora itane pApI nahIM hote/jitane ki coroM ko paidA karane vAle / " (pR. 468) usa anAma sthAna para kathA kA prArambha prAta: sandhivelA meM hotA hai jahA~ mATI apanI jananI mA~ dharitrI ke A~cala meM kunamunA rahI hai| vaha apanI antarvyathA ko abhivyakta karatI hai| usakA darda ina zabdoM meM ubharatA hai : "pada do, patha do/pAtheya bhI do mA~ !" (pR. 5) mA~ apanI sutA ke isa prazna se abhibhUta ho uThatI hai, use sAntvanA detI hai : "jaisI saMgati milatI hai/vaisI mati hotI hai mati jaisI, agrima gati/milatI jAtI "milatI jaatii"|" (pR. 8) yaha zAzvata satya hai / manuSya saMgati se pahicAnA jAtA hai / aMgrejI meM kahA gayA hai : "A man is known by the company he keeps." mA~ kA kathana hai ki 'AsthA' se hI jIvana kI sArthakatA sambhava hai / isake lie Avazyaka hai-sAdhanA : "AsthA ke binA rAstA nhiiN|" (pR. 10) sAdhanA sugama nahIM hai / sAvadhAnI Avazyaka hai phira bhI skhalana kI sambhAvanA ko nakAranA mUrkhatA hai| dharatI mA~ ke isa kathana ke marma se mATI spandita ho uThatI hai aura mA~ ke nirdeza para samarpita bhAva se kumbhakAra kI zaraNa grahaNa karatI hai| kumbhakAra dharitrI ke A~cala se mATI khodatA hai / mATI kudAlI ke AghAta sahatI hai-mauna ! mUka !! kyoM ? :
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________________ 438 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "pIr3A kI ati hI/pIr3A kI iti hai/aura pIr3A kI iti hI/sukha kA atha / " (pR. 33) kumbhakAra mATI khoda, use gadahe para lAdakara, upAzrama le jAtA hai / rAha meM mATI kI dRSTi gadahe kI pITha para par3atI hai| vaha chila gaI hai usake khuradare sparza se| mATI pIr3A se bhara uThatI hai tathA pazcAtApa se ro par3atI hai| usameM karuNA kA AvirbhAva hotA hai / dayA kA yaha vikAsa hI mokSa hai| mATI kI yAtrA samApta hotI hai upAzrama meM / vahA~ usakA saMzodhana hotA hai / rUpa parivartita hotA hai / use nava jIvana milatA hai| yahIM kumbhakAra ke jJAna aura anveSaNa vRtti ko kavi ne kathA meM bodha aura zodha ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA hai| miTTI ke upayoga aura prayoga kA bodha kumbhakAra ke mana meM vikalatA jAgrata karatA hai kintu vahIM vikalatA-atRpti kA zamana hotA hai zodha se / mATI se ghaTa kA nirmANa, vastuta: bodha se zodha kI ora prasthAna yAnI jJAna se mukti kI ora kI yAtrA hI hai| kumbhakAra ghaTa-nirmANa kI prakriyA meM nimagna hotA hai / pA~voM se mATI ko gUMdhanA hai| mATI mUka hai / vaha dRr3hatA ke sAtha saba kucha sahatI hai / kavi ne mATI ko bodha mArga se nikAlakara zodha maMca para lA khar3A kiyA hai, kintu mUka ! yaha mUkatA ekAgratA kA prathama caraNa hai / yahI parIkSA-sthala hai / isameM saphala honA duSkara hai| mATI manthana ke sAtha sAtha zilpI kA mAnasa-manthana bhI calatA hai, phalataH kathA-pravAha kI gati manda ho jAtI hai| taba kathA gauNa ho jAtI hai tathA manthana se utpanna navanIta tairane lagatA hai sataha para, kAvya rasa ke rUpa meN| kavi rasa vivecanA meM DUba jAtA hai| zAnta citta kumbhakAra kI rauMdana kriyA samApta hotI hai| phira vaha mATI ko cAka para car3hAtA hai / usakI dRSTi meM ubharatA hai kumbha kA citra aura mATI AkAra grahaNa karane lagatI hai : "mAna-ghamaNDa se achUtI mATI/piNDa se piNDa chur3AtI huI kumbha ke rUpa meM DhalatI hai/kumbhAkAra dharatI hai dhRti ke sAtha dharatI ke Upara uTha rahI hai|" (pR. 164) zilpI mATI kI nava nirmita AkRti rUpa ghaTa ko dharatI para utAratA hai manoyoga pUrvaka / do-tIna dina pazcAta zilpI ne use jA~cA, parakhA aura sugar3ha kiyA / phira usane ghaTa ko maMgala ghaTa ke rUpa meM pratiSThita karane hetu usa para samaSTi kalyANa ke sUtra citrita kie| ye sUtra haiM gaNitIya / kAraNata: kathA phira aTaka jAtI hai kintu yaha na aTakAva hai aura na bhaTakAva, yaha hai bhramaNa laharadAra / isake pazcAt pazu AkRtiyoM kA aMkana, unakA tAttvika vivecana, phira bIjAkSara to kucha kAvya paMktiyA~-jinakA apanA viziSTa artha hai / kavi yahI to cAhatA hai ki yaha ghaTa sAmAnya ghaTa nahIM hai, viziSTa ghaTa hai- maMgala ghtt| gIlI miTTI se nirmita ghaTa-adhasUkhe ghaTa para mAMgalika maNDana ke pazcAt kumbhakAra sUkhane ke lie use dhUpa meM rakha detA hai| phira kAraNavaza do-cAra divasa ke lie pravAsa para calA jAtA hai| usakI anupasthiti meM megha Ate haiM, usa adhapake ghaTa para muktA kI varSA karate haiN| logoM ke lie yaha ghaTanA carcA kA viSaya bana jAtI hai / carcA calate-calate jA pahu~catI hai rAjadarabAra meN| rAjA sabhAsadoM sahita jA pahu~catA hai kumbhakAra ke yahA~ / aura A~gana meM bikhare motiyoM ko baTorane kA nirdeza
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 439 detA hai| tabhI sahasA eka AkAzavANI kA avataraNa hotA hai, jo unheM zramavihIna dravya se dUra rahane ko kahatI hai, kintu artha ke AkarSaNa se ba~dhe ve muktA uThAne ko hAtha bar3hAte haiM to unheM vRzcika daMza kA anubhava hotA hai / sabhI viSa se prabhAvita hote haiN| rAjA bhaya se grasta ho uThatA hai / use jar3atA A gheratI hai| tabhI A pahu~catA hai kumbhakAra / apane A~gana meM mUrcchita mantrI pariSad, stambhita rAjA aura pRSThabhUmi meM bikhare muktA dala ko dekhakara vismaya, viSAda aura virati se bhara uThatA hai kumbhakAra kA mana / use glAni hotI hai isa dRzya para, kyoMki vaha to maMgala ghaTa kI nirmANa-prakriyA meM hai aura apakva maMgala ghaTa ke pArzva meM yaha amaMgala ? phira usakA vAstavika svarUpa udita hotA hai jo isa amaMgala kA nivAraNa karatA hai| tabhI apakva kumbha manuSya kI artha-kAmanA para vicAra vyakta karatA hai / antata: kumbhakAra sampUrNa muktA rAzi rAjakoSa ko samarpita kara detA hai| udhara IrSyAgrasta sAgara mATI kI garimA-mahimA ko AtmasAta nahIM kara pAtA hai| vaha ghaTa samaha ko galAne ke lie meghoM kI sRSTi karatA hai / megha avilamba maidAna meM Ate haiM, jahA~ jalakaNoM aura bhUkaNoM kA saMgharSa hotA hai / apakva maMgala ghaTa na bhayatrasta hai na santapta / tabhI upAzrama ke A~gana meM mukulita gulAba puSpa ke AmantraNa para pavana AtA hai aura nirdeza pAkara bAdaloM ko bhagA detA hai| isake pazcAt manorama vAtAvaraNa meM kumbhakAra avA lagAtA hai / nizcita avadhi ke bAda use kholatA hai aura kumbha ko bAhara nikAlatA hai| kumbha kA niSkaluSa rUpa dekhakara kumbhakAra prasanna vadana ho use nikAla kara dharatI para rakhatA hai| nagara seTha ne rAta meM eka svapna dekhA ki ve mATI kA maMgala ghaTa hAthoM meM lie mahAsanta kA svAgata kara rahe haiN| prAta: uThate hI unhoMne sevaka ko mATI kA kumbha lAne kA nirdeza diyA ! sevaka kumbhakAra ke yahA~ se kumbha lAtA hai| usameM vaha kumbha bhI hai / nagara seTha usa kumbha para mAMgalika cihna aMkita karatA hai| sarvaprathama kumbha ko zItala jala se snAna karAyA jAtA hai / dAyeM hAtha kI anAmikA se usa para candana se svastika banAtA hai| kumbha para aMkita cAroM pA~khuriyoM meM kesara mizrita candana se cAra-cAra bindiyA~ lagAtA hai, phira pratyeka svastika ke zIrSa para oMkAra aMkita karatA hai / kaNTha para haldI kI do patalI rekhAe~ khIMcatA hai| unheM kuMkuma se sajAtA hai| kumbha ke mukha para pAna-patra rakhatA hai aura unake Upara zrIphala / phira usa para haladI-kuMkuma chir3akatA hai / zrIphala kI coTI ko gulAba puSpa se sajjita karatA hai / isake pazcAt maMgala ghaTa ko candana kI caukI para pratiSThita kara detA hai| phira nagara seTha prabhu pUjA meM nimagna ho jAtA hai| pUjana se nivRtta ho prAMgaNa meM maMgala ghaTa le khar3A ho jAtA hai atithi kI pratIkSA meN| tabhI Agamana hotA hai atithi kaa| mArga meM aneka dAtA khar3e the isa AzA se ki sambhavata: atithi kI kRpA dRSTi una para ho jAe to unake bhAgya khala jaay| atithi eka viziSTa paNya ke AkarSaNa se ba~dhe-se cale jA rahe the ki nagara seTha ko sAmane maMgala ghaTa lie khaDA dekha ThiThaka jAte haiN| nagara seTha apane ko dhanya mAnatA hai tathA atithi ko dA~yI ora kara unakI saparivAra tIna bAra pradakSiNA karatA hai| unheM Asana grahaNa karavAtA hai| phira unake pada mATI ke kumbhagata jala se prakSAlita karatA hai / kumbha ko guru-padanakha-darpaNa meM apanA bimba dikhAI par3atA hai / sahasA usake mukha se 'dhanya-dhanya' kI dhvani nikala par3atI hai| pada-prakSAlana ke pazcAt nagara seTha saparivAra gandhodaka mastaka para lagAtA hai / tabhI bhojanotsuka atithi khar3e ho jAte haiM kara-pAtra banA karake / jaise hI dAna-prakriyA prArambha hotI hai, atithi kara-pAtra banda kara lete haiN| svarNarajata-sphaTika ke pAtroM meM dugdha, gannA, dADima rasa lAyA gayA kintu atithi kA kara-pAtra nahIM khulA / taba nagara seTha ne mATI ke kumbha ko Age bar3hAyA to atithi kA kara rUpI pAtra khula gayA / jala-pAna huA tatpazcAt bhojn|
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________________ 440 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA bhojana ke pazcAt mahAsanta vana kI ora prasthita hue| unheM nasiyA jI taka chor3a kara nagara seTha apane AvAsa para lauTa aayaa| ghara Akara use anubhava hotA hai : "kumbha ke vimala - darpaNa meM / santa kA avatAra huA hai|" (pR. 354) kumbha ke kAraNa nagara seTha kA jIvana parivartita ho jAtA hai / vaha bhoga-roga se mukta hotA hai / jvara ke AtaMka chUTa jAtA hai| AtaMkavAda ke paMje se mukta ho saparivAra bhava nadI se pAra utaratA hai / yaha hai 'mUkamATI' kA saMkSipta kathAnaka / santa kavi zrI vidyAsAgara ne isa kathA ko kAvyabaddha kara jana-mAnasa ke samakSa prastuta karake zramaNa saMskRti ke mahattva ko pratipAdita kiyA hai / vastuta: 'mUkamATI' mahAkAya kAvya eka pratIkAtmaka racanA hai / maMgala ghaTa ke rUpa meM kavi ne 'zramaNa' jIvana ko rekhAMkita kiyA hai jo apane guru kA sAhacarya aura nirdeza pAkara jana-kalyANa kI ora unmukha hotA hai / yaha bhAvanA itanI prabala hotI hai ki vaha sabhI daihika kaSToM ko sahakara bhI apane saMkalpa para aTala rahatA hai / kathAnaka kI sampuSTi ke lie kavi ne aneka prAsaMgika bodha kathAe~ bhI saMyojita kI haiM, jinakA apanA mahattva hai / 'mUkamATI' kA sRjana eka vizeSa saMskRti ke pratipAdana kI preraNA se huA hai / pratipAdana kI bAdhyatA ke kAraNa kathAnaka kI gati jAne-anajAne bauddhika bhUlabhulaiyA~ meM kho jAtI hai / kathAnaka kA prArambha aura samApana kA sthAna eka hI hai kintu isa antarAla meM mUkamATI jIvana aura jagat ke vividha prasaMgoM se sAkSAtkAra karatI huI apanI yAtrA pUrNa karatI hai| isa yAtrA meM use samaya aura sRSTi ke satya kA bodha huA aura yaha satya hI saundarya hai / isake sAtha hI hai zivam - jo isa kAvya kI AtmA hai : "yahA~'"saba kA sadA/jIvana bane maMgalamaya / chA jAve sukha-chA~va, sabake saba TaleM - / amaMgala - bhAva !" (pR. 478 ) pRSTha 40. para ke prati---- bhagavAna se prArthanA karatA hai ki
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________________ 'mUkamATI' kI sAMskRtika cetanA DaoN. sandhyA Tikekara 'mUkamATI' sAMskRtika cetanA se sampanna kAvya hai / isa dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' zIrSaka kA vizeSa prayojana hai| mUka kA artha 'mauna' nahIM hai / mauna meM svecchA ho sakatI hai, mUka meM vivazatA / mauna meM sAmarthya hai, mUka asamartha, cAha kara bhI na bola pAne kI vivazatA se bharA / 'mUkamATI' kA mUla kathya bhI yahI hai / bhAratIya saMskRti - darzana meM 'zabda' kA vizeSa mahattva hai / zabda hI brahma hai| zabda kA artha samajha liyA, to samajho brahma ko samajha liyA, lekina yahIM eka mahIna antara bhI hai ki brahma ko samajhanA, brahma ko pAnA nahIM hai / brahma ko samajhane ke dharAtala para pahu~cate-pahu~cate zabda mAtra mAdhyama raha jAtA hai, aura santoM ko kahanA par3atA hai ki vaha akhaNDa - ananta zabdAtIta hai, dRzyAtIta hai aura varNanAnIta hai / isa dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' kI vyathA bhI vastuta: kavi kI antara vyathA hai / kavi akhaNDa sattA taka apanI bAta pahu~cAne meM laukika mAdhyama ko akSama pAtA hai, phalata: akhaNDa se milane kI vyAkulatA use barAbara vyathita karatI rahatI hai / viraha kI yahI tar3apa hamArI saMskRti kA mUla hai| yahI vaha cetanA hai, jo hameM isa ora se jAgRta rakhatI hai ki 'maiM' (aham) kI apanI sImAe~ haiM / yaha maiM hameM bhale hI saba kucha de de, parantu saccA sukha nahIM de sakatA / 'maiM' ko vigalita kara jIne meM hI parama santoSa hai / 'kalpanA' aura 'anumAna' se pare kA yathArtha jIvana hI saccA sukha de sakatA hai, kyoMki 'kalpanA jamIna se ukhAr3atI hai aura anumAna prAya: galata siddha hote haiN|' sva-mUlyAMkana hamArA sAMskRtika caritra hai| isI ke calate Aja bhI aise hI caritra vizvasanIya haiM, jo sahaja - sarala haiM, jinhoMne dikhAve ke AvaraNa se svayaM ko surakSita rakhA hai, jo svAbhAvika jIvana jIte haiM, unakA 'AcaraNa prakaTa hotA hai, AvaraNa nahIM / ' sva-mUlyAMkana ke abhAva meM, AcaraNa - AvaraNa ke dohare caritra ke kAraNa mAnava jAti kA jo sAMskRtika hrAsa rahA hai, vahI 'mUkamATI' kI cintA hai / Aja 'zabdArtha' kI ghora upekSA ho rahI hai| brahma tulya zabda kA artha-mUlya na samajhane ke kAraNa hamArI vaicArika dRSTi bhramita ho rahI hai / yaha vicAra bhrama mAnava samAja meM jisa avyavasthA ko janma de rahA hai, usameM 'prazasta AcAravicAra vAloM kI jIvana kI avadhAraNA' cUra-cUra ho gaI hai| 'svatantratA' kI icchA kA sthAna Dhera sAre bandhanoM ne le liyA hai / bandhanoM se mukta hone aura mukta karane kI 'svatantratA' kI sAttvika saMkalpanA yahA~ ekadama ulaTa gaI hai / svatantratA 'svacchandatA' kA paryAya bana cukI hai aura isI svacchanda vRtti ke kAraNa dhana saMgraha kI lAlasA ne eka ora pU~jIvAdI vyavasthA ko panapAyA hai, to dUsarI ora corI - bhraSTAcAra kI vRtti ko siMcita-poSita kiyA hai| AtaMkavAda kI jisa samasyA se vizva Ae dina jUjha rahA hai, vaha isI pU~jIvAda kA pratiphalana hai| 'maro yA hamArA samarthana karo' ke AtaMkI AcaraNa ne jInA dUbhara kara diyA hai| dhana aura suvidhA upabhoga kI tIvra lAlasA isakA kendrIya kAraNa hai| jabaki dhana kA samucita vitaraNa hamArI saMskRti kA carama lakSya hai| "sAIM itanA dIjie, jA meM kuTumba samAya / maiM bhI bhUkhA nA rahU~, sAdhu na bhUkhA jAya" kA bhI vastuta: yahI nihitArtha hai / zrama kI mahattA hamArI saMskRti kA anUThA lakSaNa hai / sveda - binduoM ke utkRSTa saundarya-varNana zrama kI mahat ko rekhAMkita karate haiN| isa ghora bhogavAdI yuga meM zrama ko krUratA se kucalA jAnA, 'mUkamATI' meM gaharI cintA ko upajAtA hai| binA zrama ke nirantara suvidhAoM se prApta hone vAlA jIvana arthAt saMgharSahIna jIvana-yAtrA meM 'mUkamATI' eka aise apakarSa ko dekhatI hai, jisakA utthAna lagabhaga asambhava hai / 'saMvAdahInatA' Aja kA eka bar3A mAnavIya saMkaTa hai| yaha mAnava jAti ke lie bada se badatara kI sthiti hai / -
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________________ 442:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA saMvAdahInatA sampreSaNa ko avaruddha karatI hai aura yahI avarodha paraspara vaimanasya ko bhar3akA rahA hai| AtaMkavAdI hamaloM se lekara sAmpradAyika daMgoM taka ke bahutere dRzya, saMvAdahInatA kI upaja haiN| aisI sthiti meM sampreSaNa ke mahattva kI nae sire se par3atAla Avazyaka hai, kyoMki 'sampreSaNa vaha khAda hai jisameM sadbhAva kI paudha puSTa hotI hai / ' paraspara ke prati vizvAsa, prema aura dayA- yahI hamArA maulika caritra hai, kintu dayA bhAva ke damana kA jaisA kucakra vartamAna meM cala rahA hai, vaha hamAre saMskAravAn hone para praznacihna lagAtA hai| prakRti pradatta manobhAvoM ke yathocita upayoga ko nakAranA, kisI bhI sthiti meM janopayogI nahIM hai, isIlie 'mUkamATI' AcaraNa ke prakaTIkaraNa para bala detI hai / hama apane AcaraNa se 'tIrtha' ko pA sakate haiN| 'zaraNAgata ko tAra kara tIrtha lAbha' le sakate haiN| tIrtha kSetra hamAre bhItara hI vidyamAna hai, bAharI kSetra to pratIka mAtra haiM / 'mUkamATI' kA Adyanta yahI Agraha hai ki nirdhArita sAMskRtika mArga para cala kara hI una saMkaToM se pAra pAyA jA sakatA hai, jo hameM nirantara hrAsa kI ora le jA rahe haiM / sva ke niyantraNa tathA ananta kI AkulatA meM vaha zakti hai jo AtaMkI AcaraNa kA mUlata: nAza kara sakatI hai, kyoMki 'DhalAna se lur3hakatI nadI parvata se kaba bolatI hai ?' vastuta: AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI 'mUkamATI' kI sAMskRtika cetanA hamAre samakSa mAnava hone banane ke sacce arthoM ko kholatI hai| vaha loka se paraloka, azAnti se akhaNDa zAnti, duHkha se sAttvika sukha kI praNetA hai, ata: usakI preraNAoM ko gambhIratA se lenA hogA / pRSTha iTa kyoMki, suno ! yA 'da dayA |
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________________ jIvana ke zAzvata satya ko mukhara karatI 'mUkamATI' kRSNa kumAra caube Aja ke isa bhautikavAdI, bhogapriya yuga meM mAnava-mana eka digbhramita mRga kI taraha vibhinna tRSNAoM kI tarapha sahaja hI AkRSTa ho jAtA hai / aura pariNAmasvarUpa apane astitva kI sarvAdhika mUlyavAn nidhi, apanI antazcetanA, apanI saMvedanazIlatA aura Atmabodha ko ga~vA baiThatA hai| isa amUlya nidhi kI khoja karane, use pAne aura phira ananta kAla taka use saheja rakhane ke lie samaya-samaya para cintakoM, RSiyoM, manISiyoM, yogiyoM, tapasviyoM, sAdhakoM evaM ArAdhakoM ne bhI gahana cintana-manana ke pazcAt vizva-mAnava ko jo sAdhanA ke puSpa sauMpe haiM, ve puSpa hI apanI mahaka aura tAz2agI se jIvana-kuMja ko sudhi-surabhi, rasa-saurabha aura alaukika raMga-rUpa pradAna karate rahe haiN| aisI hI ananta puSpa kyAriyoM ko rasa, gandha, prANa, spandana, cirantana saundarya aura indradhanuSI amRta chaTA sauMpanevAlI eka anamola kalAkRti hai AcAryaziromaNi vidyAsAgarajI kI 'muukmaattii'| "mRdu mATI se/laghu jAti se/merA yaha zilpa/nikharatA hai aura khara-kAThI se/guru jAti se/vaha avilamba/bikharatA hai / " (pR. 45) ye paMktiyA~ mATI kI mRdulatA kI ora iMgita karatIM, usake laghu kalevara kI mahattA jatAtI tathA zilpa ke nikhAra ke lie usakI AvazyakatA ko dviguNita karatI haiN| uparyukta paMktiyA~ kuzala zilpakAra ke nirNAyaka mastiSka kI paricAyaka hI nahIM, varan kAvya ke zIrSaka 'mUkamATI' kI sArthakatA ko bhI pratipAdita karatI haiN| __. mATI kI apekSA gurugAta kaThora tathA nIrasa kaMkaroM se kahI gaI zilpakAra kI uparyukta ukti prastuta kAvya ke marma ko, usake sArAMza ko pAThaka ke anta:sthala meM samAhita kara jIvana ke cirantana, mUlabhUta satya se, nirvivAda yathArtha se tathA kAvya meM sarvatra pravAhita vinIta sevA kI bhAvanA va nirmalatA se paricita karA detI hai| upekSitA, pada-dalitA, parityaktA, tiraskRtA, akiMcanA mATI, jo sampUrNa jIva-jagat, carAcara sRSTi kI carama pariNati hai, usakI mahattA ko hI AcAryajI ne prastuta kAvya meM pratipAdita kiyA hai| isa mUkamATI ko kAvya ke mAdhyama se vANI pradAna kI hai / mAnoM zUnya meM sRSTi kA nirmANa kiyA hai tathA mAnavIya komala bhAvanAoM ke AropaNa dvArA mRttikA meM prANa bhare haiN| . AcAryaziromaNi ne kathA kA sUtrapAta prakRti kI manorama chaTA ke varNana se kiyA hai / rAtri apanI nIlimA sameTe vigata huI / bhAnu zaizavAvasthA meM mA~ ke A~cala meM mu~ha chupAe leTA-leTA karavaTeM le rahA hai : "bhAnu kI nidrA TUTa to gaI hai/parantu abhI vaha/ leTA hai/mA~ kI mArdava-goda meM, mukha para aMcala lekara/karavaTeM le rahA hai|" (pR. 1) vAtsalya ke sparza se kathA kA prArambha hotA hai / prakRti ke mohaka evaM komala citroM ke citere AcAryajI prakRti ke vibhinna citroM kA aMkana karate hue hameM saritA-taTa kI mATI ke nikaTa le calate haiM, jahA~ vaha dharatI mA~ se apanI vyathA-kathA kahane meM ulajhI hai, lIna hai : "aura, saMkoca-zIlA/lAjavatI lAvaNyavatI-/saritA-taTa kI mATI apanA hRdaya kholatI hai/mA~ dharatI ke sammukha !/svayaM patitA hU~
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________________ 444 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se,/ adhama pApiyoM se/pada-dalitA hU~ mA~ !" (pR. 4) uparyukta paMktiyoM meM vaha mA~ ke sammukha apanI vyathA, apanI vedanA vyakta karatI hai| kitanI sahaja citrAtmakatA hai ina paMktiyoM meM ki putrI apanA hRdaya apanI mAtA ke samakSa hI khola sakatI hai, kyoMki vahI usake sarvAdhika nikaTa hotI hai| isake atirikta usa para hI use sarvAdhika vizvAsa bhI hotA hai / ata: vaha apane bandhita jIvana kI mukti kA mArga pUchatI hai, paritrANa kI dizA jAnanA cAhatI hai| use kitanI vedanA hai, kitanI vyathA hai : "isa paryAya kI/iti kaba hogI ?/isa kAyA kI cyuti kaba hogI ?/batA do, mA~ ise !" (pR. 5) putrI ke vyathita hRdaya ko dhairya ba~dhAtI huI mAtA kI ananya AtmIyatA kA saMsparzana hotA hai| dhRti-dhAriNI dharatI mA~ putrI ko parama sattA kA paricaya dekara, use mukti kI sambhAvanAoM kI AzA se bhara detI hai| sAtha hI vaha kumbhakAra ke Ane kA saMketa dekara use umaMga, AzA va AhlAda se paripUrNa kara detI hai : "prabhAta meM kumbhakAra AyegA/patita se pAvana banane, samarpaNa-bhAva-sameta/usake sukhada caraNoM meM/praNipAta karanA hai tumheM, apanI yAtrA kA/sUtra-pAta karanA hai tumheM !" (pR. 16-17) aura satya hI miTTI ke kAyAkalpa hetu prabhAta ke sAtha hI Agamana hotA hai kuzala zilpI kA / usa nipuNa zilpakAra kA, jisakI pratIkSA meM palaka pA~var3e bichAe na jAne kitanI zatAbdiyoM se Akula-vyAkula-sI baiThI hai maattii| __ Aja mATI ko zilpI ke Ane para usake sAtha prasthAna karanA hogaa| cirakAla kI sAdha pUrI hogii| yaha usakI prathama yAtrA hai, prathama pravAsa hai / ata: bholI jijJAsAe~ anta:sthala meM aMkurita hotI haiN| pratIkSA kI ghar3iyA~ samIpa AtI jAtI haiM aura Akhira bhora ke sAtha hI zilpakAra kA Agamana bhI ho jAtA hai| usa samaya kA kitanA sundara citra khIMcA hai AcAryaziromaNi ne : "bhora meM hI/usakA mAnasa/vibhora ho AyA, aura/aba to ve caraNa nikaTa-sannikaTa hI A gaye !/...vaha eka kuzala zilpI hai !/usakA zilpa kaNa-kaNa ke rUpa meM/bikharI mATI ko/nAnA rUpa pradAna karatA hai|" (pR. 26-27) zilpI mATI ke kAyAkalpa kI zuruAta karatA hai / oMkAra ko namana kara apane kArya meM juTa jAtA hai| kArya kI pUrti ke lie use kucha kaThora bhI honA par3atA hai / krUra, kaThora kudAlI se sarvaprathama to mATI para prahAra hotA hai / bandhana se mukti pAne kA kaTu va kaSTa kara prathama sopAna Arambha hotA hai| mATI khodI jAtI hai| borI meM bharI jAtI hai| vAhana hai gadahA / usake pRSThabhAga para borI lAdI jAtI hai / yAtrA zurU hotI hai / mATI nava-vivAhitA vadhU-sI borI ke chidroM se, avaguNThana se jhA~katI-sI apane jIvana kI prathama yAtrA ke kutUhala ko zAnta karatI prakRti ke ramya darzana meM nimagna ho jAtI hai / AcAryazrI ne yahA~ nArI-mana kI komalatA va bhAvukatA tathA navavadhU kI lAjavatI mAnasikatA kA itanA vizada rekhAMkana kiyA hai ki pAThaka Atmavibhora hue binA nahIM raha sakatA balki sAtha pravAha meM baha jAtA hai / yAtrA lambI hai| kintu pratyeka yAtrA kA kahIM na kahIM anta hotA hI hai / ata: mATI va zilpakAra kI yAtrA kA bhI anta hotA hai| aura yaha anta hotA hai zilpakAra kI prayogazAlA para, usake kalAkendra pr|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 445 mATI ke kAyAkalpa kA dvitIya sopAna prArambha ho jAtA hai| prayogazAlA meM use chAnA jAtA hai, bhigoyA jAtA hai, phulAyA jAtA hai evaM rauMdA jAtA hai| vaha saba saharSa svIkAra karatI hai| use nava-jIvana jo pAnA hai, navIna kalevara jo grahaNa karanA hai / vaha sabhI kaThora se kaThora parIkSAoM ko kaSTa se sahate hue bhI saharSa utsAha, umaMga ke sAtha pAra karatI jAtI hai| zilpI use vizAla cakra para car3hAkara ghaTa kA AkAra detA hai / mATI kI isa kathA ke mAdhyama se AcAryaziromaNi ne mAnava mAtra ko jIvana ke prati AsthA kA pAvana sandeza diyA hai| jisa prakAra mATI pratyeka kaSTa sahakara anta meM navIna, icchita kalevara pA hI jAtI hai, usI prakAra pratyeka mAnava kaThora sAdhanA va ekaniSThA se apane lakSya taka pahu~ca hI jAtA cAka para car3hane ke bAda mATI ko sundara, subhaga, maMgala ghaTa kA rUpa prApta hotA hai| zilpakAra apane kuzala hAthoM se use mohaka AkAra pradAna karake sundara citroM, aMkoM Adi se sajAtA hai| kintu abhI kAyAkalpa pUrNa nahIM huA hai, adhUrA hai| abhI to use antima sopAna agni-parIkSA se guz2aranA hai / kacce ghaTa ko avA meM DAla diyA jAtA hai, jahA~ vaha dhU-dhU karatI lapaToM meM tapatA hai, dagdha hotA hai aura carama vikasita rUpa pA jAtA hai- zyAmala, kintu kAntimaya va dedIpyamAna / aba vaha mATI-sA caraNoM meM nahIM rauMdA jaaegaa| akiMcana-sA pada-dalita nahIM hogaa| nahIM nahIM 'kadApi nhiiN| aba to use gauravazAlI sthAna prApta hogaa| garimAmaNDita zreya evaM mahimAmaNDita pada prApta hogaa| idhara mATI, jo kumbha kA rUpa prApta kara cukI hai, uparyukta vicAroM meM magna hai| aura idhara kumbhakAra apanI navanirmita kRti kumbha kI pUrNatA ko prApta karane, aneka jijJAsAe~ lie avA kI ora agrasara hotA hai| kitanA kutUhala hai zilpakAra ke mana meM apanI isa nava kalAkRti ke prati : "jyoM-jyoM rAkha haTatI jAtI,/tyoM-tyoM kumbhakAra kA kutUhala bar3hatA jAtA hai, ki/kaba dikhe vaha kuzala kumbh|" (pR. 296) aura avA kI rAkha meM kumbha dikha jAtA hai| rAkha se use bAhara nikAla kumbhakAra atyadhika harSita hotA hai| ho kyoM nahIM, kRti banI jo anupama hai| isa prakAra aneka sahAyaka kathAoM ke sAtha kathA agrasara hotI hai / kathA meM sarvatra rocakatA va jijJAsA banI rahatI hai / pAThaka yaha vicAra karatA hI rahatA hai ki aba kyA hogA? pAThaka kI ekAgratA kahIM khaNDita nahIM ho paatii| AcAryazrI vAcaka ko sarvatra ekasUtra meM Abaddha kie rahate haiN| aura kathA agrasara hotI rahatI hai / ___ nagara ke mahAseTha eka rAta svapna dekhate haiN| usa svapna meM ve apane prAMgaNa meM padhAre bhikSArthI mahAsanta kA svAgata kara rahe haiN| svapna meM yaha bhI dekhate haiM ki ve mATI ke eka atyanta sundara ghaTa se mahAsanta kA pada-prakSAlana kara rahe haiN| basa phira kyA thA, nIMda khulane para mahAseTha svapnAdeza se prerita hokara tathA svapna ke mAdhyama se saMketa pAkara apane sevaka ko kumbha lAne kA Adeza dete haiN| seTha kA sevaka Adeza pAkara kumbhakAra ke yahA~ pahu~catA hai| navInAkAra prApta mATI ke navIna garimAmaNDita kAntimaya ghaTa ko dekhakara grAhaka ke rUpa meM AyA seTha kA sevaka camatkRta hue binA nahIM raha pAtA : "grAhaka ke rUpa meM AyA sevaka/camatkRta huA/mana-mantrita huA usakA tana tantrita - stambhita huA/kumbha kI AkRti para/aura zilpI ke zilpana camatkAra pr|" (pR. 306) kumbha ko mahAseTha ke nivAsa sthAna para lAyA jAtA hai / nAnA prakAra se sajAyA, sa~vArA jAtA hai / kumbha ke
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________________ 446 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA caturdik kuMkuma lagAyA jAtA hai| malayAcala ke cAru candana se mAMgalya pratIka svastika kA aMkana kiyA jAtA hai / use kazmIra kesara mizrita candana se susajjita kiyA jAtA hai / Aja mATI apane bhAgya parivartana para avAk raha jAtI hai| apane bhAgya kI sarAhanA karate nahIM thktii| susajjita ghaTa gRha kI zobhA bar3hAtA eka caukI para surakSita rakha diyA jAtA hai| AcAryaziromaNi ne kitanI sundaratA se bhAratIya saMskRti ke pratIkoM ko ujAgara kiyA hai| idhara mahAseTha ke yahA~ AhArArtha mahAsanta kA zubhAgamana hotA hai / vibhinna rasAhAroM se unakA svAgata kiyA jAtA hai| zraddhA sahita unake samakSa vibhinna mUlyavAn dhAtuoM, yathA- svarNa, rajata, kAMsya ityAdi se nirmita kalazoM meM nAnA prakAra ke madhura rasa ApUrita kara rakhe jAte haiN| kintu yogI vItarAgI haiN| unheM ina sAMsArika rasa-gandhoM meM Asakti nahIM hai / ata: ve nAnA mUlyavAn dhAtu nirmita, rasApUrita sabhI ghaTa asvIkAra kara dete haiM / AhAra prArambha karane ke lie ve mATI ke kalaza ko cunate haiN| AhAroparAnta upadeza-pravacana ke pazcAt ve prasthAna karate haiN| ___idhara anya dhAtuoM se nirmita vibhinna pAtroM meM apamAna va IrSyA-dveSa kI bhAvanAoM kA sUtrapAta hotA hai / ve dveSa va badale kI bhAvanA se prerita ho SaDyantra racate haiN| svarNa kalaza, rajata kalaza Adi nAnA mUlyavAn dhAtuoM se nirmita kalaza va anya pAtra kupita hokara seTha, usake AtmIya svajana va usake priya pAtra mATI ke ghaTa ke vinAza kI kuTila yojanA banAte haiN| AcAryaziromaNi ne Adhunika kAla meM sarvatra vyApta AtaMkavAda kA bar3A saTIka citra pAtroM ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA hai| yojanA banatI hai aura yahIM se AtaMkavAda kA bIjAropaNa hotA hai / AtaMkavAdI pravRtti vinAzakArI hai / isa kAvya meM Aja ke yuga meM sarvatra sira uThAe, phana mAratI isa arAjakatApUrNa sthiti, vidhvaMsAtmaka, vinAzakArI pravRtti kA citraNa itanA sajIva bana par3A hai ki pAThaka svayaM ko isa sthiti aura anubhUti se alipta nahIM mahasUsa kara paataa| rAtri ke gahana andhakAra meM jaba vinAza kI yojanA bana rahI thI, usa ApAtkAla meM mATI kA ghaTa apane upakArI mahAseTha ke parivAra ke lie sajaga praharI-sA jAga rahA thaa| sArI kI sArI kumantraNA suna vaha caina se na baiTha sakA / seTha ke prati apanI bhakti va niSThA, uttaradAyitva va surakSA kI bhAvanAoM, sneha va kRtajJatA ke vega se prerita hokara vaha apanI sadAzayatA, medhA va sadbuddhi se eka yukti khoja hI nikAlatA hai| jisa ghara meM AtaMkavAda viSavRkSa-sA sarvatra apanI zAkhAe~ pasAra rahA ho, viSaile sarpa-sA viSa vamana kara rahA ho, vahA~ se palAyana karanA hI surakSA kA ekamAtra upAya raha jAtA hai| ata: ghaTa sabake sone para seTha va usake parivAra ko uThAkara yathAsthiti se avagata karAtA hai / bar3I satarkatA se vaha yaha samAcAra seTha ke kAnoM taka pahuMcAtA hai, sAtha hI usase bacane kA upAya bhI sujhAtA hai / gRhatyAga hI surakSA kA ekamAtra upAya hai| usakI neka salAha mAna sabhI dabe pA~va ghara se nikala par3ate haiN| usa samaya jaba AtaMkavAda SaDyantra racane kI thakAna se thakakara bekhabara gahana nidrA meM soyA hotA hai / unheM kAnoMkAna khabara hue binA seTha, usakA priya ghaTa va parivAra palAyana karate haiN| ghaTa unakA patha-pradarzaka banatA hai| Age ghaTa hai, pIche hai seTha va usakA parivAra / nagara, patha, vana-upavana, parvata, vRkSa, nadI-nAle pAra karate hue ve saritA ke pAvana taTa para pahuMcate haiN| kintu, taba taka AtaMkavAda kI gahana nidrA bhI TUTa cukI hotI hai / vaha bhI ghara se nikala unakA pIchA karatA hai / AcAryazrI ne bar3A hI romAMcaka citra khIMcA hai| ghaTanAe~ tIvragati se kathA ko agrasara karatI haiN| idhara seTha va ghaTa ke lie sarit pulina para pahu~cakara samasyA A khar3I hotI hai| seTha va usakA parivAra tairanA nahIM jAnatA / anta meM ghaTa ke mukha para rassI bA~dhakara seTha va usakA parivAra jalacara prANiyoM kI sahAyatA se nadI pAra karatA hai| aura isa prakAra kaThina parizrama ke uparAnta sabhI taTa pA hI lete haiN|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 447 udhara vivekahIna AtaMkavAda bhI apanI gati teja kara, pIchA karatA-karatA nadI meM kUda par3atA hai / taira nahIM pAne ke kAraNa vaha nadI meM DUbane lagatA hai aura apanI bhUla ko svIkAra kara seTha parivAra se kSamA mA~gakara, unase zaraNa pradAna karane kI prArthanA karatA hai / vinAza kA anta hotA hai| jIvana ke prati AsthA hI mAnoM kAvya kA lakSya hai / santrasta mAnava ko AzA kA sandeza de AcAryajI ne jIvana ke prati vizvAsa jagAyA hai / taTa pAkara seTha va usakA parivAra caina kI sA~sa lete haiM / yaha vahI taTa hai, jahA~ se mATI kA utkhanana huA thA / yugoM kI kaThora kArA meM kaida, upekSitA, pada- dalitA, akiMcana mATI ko zilpakAra ke kuzala va snehila hAthoM kA sparza huA thaa| use bandhana mukta kiyA gayA thaa| yahA~ mATI ke kumbha kA apanI jananI dharatI mA~ se punarmilana hotA hai| sAtha hI apane muktidAtA zilpakAra se bhI sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| asat para sat kI, hiMsA para ahiMsA kI, kupravRttiyoM para supravRttiyoM kI, pApa para puNya kI aura amaMgala para maMgala kI vijaya dikhAkara mAnavatA kA eka adbhuta sandeza diyA hai| anta meM mokSa kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| nadI taTa para hI kucha dUra, eka vizAla vRkSa kI zItala chAyA ke nIce pASANa phalaka para vItarAga sAdhu AsIna haiN| sabhI unake pAsa mokSa kI kAmanA se jAte haiM / santa upadeza de mokSa kI vyAkhyA karate haiM : "bandhana - rUpa tana, / mana aura vacana kA AmUla miTa jAnA hI / mokSa hai|" (pR. 486) santaziromaNi dvArA pradatta prabodhana se kathA kA samApana hotA hai| kathA sukhAnta hai| kAvya kA vivecana kareM to pAe~ge ki kathA meM mATI hI sarvatra pramukha pAtra ke rUpa meM chAI hai| usakA mAnavIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| akiMcana mATI ke udAtta, dhIra, gambhIra guNoM ke Aropa dvArA AcAryaziromaNi ne mAnava mAtra ko satsandeza diyA hai| sahiSNutA, vinamratA, sahRdayatA, karuNA, sneha, dayA, mamatA, paropakAra Adi nAnA sadAzayoM va sadguNoM se vibhUSitA, saMvedanazIlA mATI ke tyAga kI kathA hI vAstava meM isa kAvya kI kathA hai / isa kAvya kA bhAvapakSa kalApakSa donoM hI eka-dUsare ke paripUraka haiN| donoM pakSoM kA nirvAha ati saphala bana par3A hai| bhASA komalakAnta, svataHsphUrta, layabaddha va gatimAn hai / bhASA sarit pravAha-sI nirmala, nirbAdha va pravAhamayI hai| yadyapi saMskRtaniSTha samAsa - bahulA - zabdAvalI kA prayoga yatra-tatra huA hai, kintu vaha pravAha meM bAdhaka nahIM apitu sAdhaka hai aura kAvya meM saundaryazrI kI vRddhi karatI hai| eka udAharaNa lIjie : 0 O "kauna sahArA ? " so suno ! / dRr3hA dhuvA saMyamA- AliMgitA yaha jo cetanA hai - / svayaMbhuvA kAma karatI hai|" (pR. 242) isa prakAra tatsama zabdoM kA prayoga prayAsa karake camatkAra pradarzana kI bhAvanA se nahIM, sahaja sphUrta hI huA hai| para bhASA kahIM bhI kliSTa nahIM huI hai| khar3I bolI ke atirikta braja, a~grejI, urdU Adi bhASAoM ke zabdoM kA prayoga bhI yatra-tatra huA hai / kAvya meM Adhunika yuga meM bahucarcita zabdoM jaise- 'sTAra vAra' Adi ke prayoga dvArA AdhunikatA kA saMsparzana huA hai / urdU ke zabdoM kA prayoga dekheM : "isa para prabhu pharmAte haiN|" (pR. 150 ) 'jaba davA kAma nahIM karatI / taba duA kAma karatI hai / " (pR. 241 )
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________________ 448 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA zabda zaktiyoM, yathA- abhidhA, lakSaNA va vyaMjanA kA saphala nirvAha huA hai| prasAda, mAdhurya va oja guNoM kA prayoga siddhahastatA se kiyA gayA hai / bhASA samRddha hai| bhASA meM citrAtmakatA, dhvanyAtmakatA tathA vAtAvaraNa-nirmANa kI kSamatA hai / bhASA bhAvAnukUla hai / zailI sarala hai, kahIM bhI kliSTa yA durUha nahIM bana par3I hai| pracalita muhAvaroM kA prayoga sahajatA se anAyAsa evaM saTIka bhI huA hai| yaha kAvya kI eka anya vizeSatA hai| isase bhASA meM rocakatA A gaI hai, yathA : "nAka meM dama kara rakkhA hai" (pR. 135); "Ter3hI khIra" (pR. 224) "kUTa-kUTa kara" (pR.227); "guravela to kar3avI hotI hI hai aura nIma para car3hI ho/to kahanA hI kyA !" (pR.236) nIti va upadezaparaka uktiyoM kA prayoga ati saphalatApUrvaka kiyA gayA hai| unameM aisI layabaddhatA hai ki pAThaka AkarSita hue binA nahIM raha sakatA / kucha zabda citra dekheM : "Amada kama kharcA jyAdA/lakSaNa hai miTa jAne kA kUbata kama gussA jyAdA/lakSaNa hai piTa jAne kaa|" (pR. 135) ____ "AdhA bhojana kIjie/duguNA pAnI pIva / __ tiguNA zrama cauguNI ha~sI/varSa savA sau jIva !" (pR. 133) jahA~ rahIma jaise kaviyoM ne jihvA ko 'bAvarI' kahA hai, vahIM AcAryajI ne bhI usakI nirarthaka vAcAlatA para aMkuza lagAne kA upadeza diyA hai : "anucita saMketa kI anucarI/rasanA hI/rasAtala kI rAha rahI hai|" (pR. 116) AcAryajI ne jahA~-jahA~ zabdoM ko paribhASita kiyA hai, vahA~-vahA~ prasaMga cittAkarSaka va manohArI bana par3e haiN| yaha sambhavata: AcAryajI ke isa kAvya meM jitanA dRSTigata hotA hai, vaha anyatra kahIM durlabha hI nahIM ananya bhI hai| jaise sAhitya ko paribhASita karate hue AcAryazrI kahate haiM : "hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai aura sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai,/artha yaha huA ki jisake avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava - sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai/anyathA,/surabhi se virahita puSpa-sama sukha kA rAhitya hai vaha/sAra-zUnya zabda-jhuNDa"!" (pR. 111) alaMkAroM meM zabdAlaMkAra, arthAlaMkAra va ubhayAlaMkAroM kI chaTA atyanta cittAkarSaka bana par3I hai| jahA~ eka ora anuprAsa, yamaka, zleSa Adi kA saphala nirvAha huA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora upamA, rUpaka evaM utprekSA Adi kI chaTA anupama bana par3I hai| anuprAsa kA prayoga to kAvya meM sarvatra dRSTigocara hotA hai| udAharaNa dekheM : "uttuMga U~cAiyoM taka/uThane vAlA UrdhvamukhI bhI IMdhana kI vikalatA ke kAraNa/ulaTA utaratA huA ati udAsIna anala-sama/krodha-bhAva kA zamana ho rahA hai|" (pR. 106)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 449 yamaka kI bahAra dekheM: "kisalaya ye kisalie/kisa laya meM gIta gAte haiN|" (pR. 141) chanda meM Adhunika chanda pravRtti parilakSita hotI hai / kAvya mukta chanda meM hai| chanda bhinna tukAnta hai, kintu atukAnta hote hue bhI unameM laya kA saMgIta pratyeka paMkti meM parilakSita hotA hai / chandoM meM gati, laya, tAla hai aura eka adbhuta pravAha bhI hai| kahIM-kahIM to kAvya meM jharanoM kA saMgIta hI chalaka uThatA hai / kAvya meM saMgIta-saurabha kA Apa bhI pAna kareM: "nayA yoga hai, nayA prayoga hai/naye-naye ye nayopayoga haiM nayI kalA le harI lasI hai/nayI sampadA varIyasI hai| nayI palaka meM nayA pulaka hai/nayI lalaka meM nayI jhalaka hai naye bhavana meM naye chuvana haiM/naye chuvana meM naye sphuraNa haiN|" (pR. 264) vibhinna kAvya rasoM kA sundara, ati sundara paripAka huA hai| yadyapi zAnta rasa isa kAvya kA aMgIrasa hai tathApi vAtsalya, karuNa, vIra, bIbhatsa evaM raudra ke atirikta zRMgAra kI jhA~kI bhI atyanta manohArI bana par3I hai| zRMgAra kI manorama jhA~kI prakRti ke mAdhyama se apanI apUrva chaTA bikhera rahI hai : "lajjA ke ghUghaTa meM/DUbatI-sI kumudinI/prabhAkara ke kara-chuvana se bacanA cAhatI hai vaha;/apanI parAga ko-/sarAga-mudrA ko pA~khuriyoM kI oTa detI hai|" (pR. 2) yahA~ kumudinI apane priyatama aMzumAlI se lajjita ho apanI hI pA~khuriyoM ke avaguNThana meM chupanA cAhatI hai| priyatama aMzumAlI apane kiraNa-karoM se avaguNThana ke pare jhA~kanA cAhate haiM kintu kumudinI dekhane detI kahA~ hai ? yaha kalpanA kitanI komala, snigdha, sajIva va manohArI bana par3I hai| vAtsalya kA manorama dRzya dekheM : "bhAnu kI nidrA TUTa to gaI hai/parantu abhI vaha/leTA hai moM kI mArdava-goda meM,/mukha para aMcala le kara/karavaTeM le rahA hai / " (pR. 1) uSA mA~ ke rUpa meM citrita hai tathA sUrya putra rUpa meM / yaha kitanA sundara vAtsalya meM pagA citra hai ! zAnta rasa to sarvatra chAyA hai / mA~ dharatI apane upadezoM va sneha-saMsparzana dvArA mATI ke Andolita hRdaya ko adbhuta zAnti pradAna karatI hai : "sattA zAzvata hotI hai, beTA!/prati-sattA meM hotI haiM/anagina sambhAvanAyeM utthAna-patana kI,/khasakhasa ke dAne-sA/bahuta choTA hotA hai bar3a kA bIja vaha !" (pR. 7) AcAryazrI ne svayaM rasoM kI vyAkhyA karake pAThakoM kA mArgadarzana bhI kiyA hai / rasoM kI vyAkhyA dekheM : zAnta rasa : 0 "zAnta-rasa kA kyA kaheM,/saMyama-rata dhImAna ko hI
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________________ 450 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'om' banA detA hai |/jhaaN taka zAnta rasa kI bAta hai vaha AtmasAt karane kI hI hai/kama zabdoM meM/niSedha-mukha se kahU~ saba rasoM kA anta honA hI-/zAnta rasa hai|" (pR. 159-160) 0 "zAnta-rasa kisI bahAva meM/bahatA nahIM kabhI / jamAnA palaTane para bhI/jamA rahatA hai apane sthAna para / " (pR. 157) karuNA kI mImAMsA karate hue ve kahate haiM : "karuNA tarala hai, bahatI hai/ para se prabhAvita hotI jhtt-sii|" (pR. 156) vAtsalya ke viSaya meM AcAryajI ke vicAra paThanIya haiN| ve kahate haiM : "vAtsalya ko hama/pola nahIM kaha sakate/na hI kapola-kalpita / mahAsattA mA~ ke/gola-gola kapola-tala para. pulakita hotA hai yaha vAtsalya / " (pR. 157) isa prakAra kA vivecana anyatra durlabha hai| prakRti anAdi kAla se mAnava kI vAMchita sahacarI rahI hai / kavimana to mAnoM bhramara-sA na jAne prakRti kI hRdayahArI chaTA para kitanA guMjAra kara cukA hai aura na jAne kitane rUpoM kA ullekha kara cukA hai / AcAryaziromaNi ke prastuta kAvya meM bhI unhoMne prakRti ke nAnA rUpoM kA kuzala citraNa kiyA hai / Alambana, uddIpana, mAnavIkaraNa, pratIkAtmaka, upadezAtmaka, alaMkRta vAtAvaraNa-nirmANa meM sahAyaka tathA parokSa sattA kA AbhAsa detA rahasyAtmaka Adi sabhI rUpoM meM AcAryajI kA mana ramA hai| virahiNI mATI ke duHkha ko prakRti aura adhika bar3hA detI hai| viraha vidhurA mATI ko rAtri meM nidrA sahaja nahIM AtI / ata: vaha vyAkula hai : "rAtrI"/lambI hotI jA rahI hai|/dhrtii ko/nidrA ne ghera liyA aura/mATI ko nidrA/chUtI taka nhiiN|" (pR. 18) kintu vahI mATI zilpakAra ke Ane ke saMvAda se, usake Agamana ke samAcAra se AhlAdita hai| aura prakRti bhI use apane samAna harSAtireka se jhUmatI-sI, praphullita dikhAI detI hai : "aura, harSAtireka se/upahAra ke rUpa meM/komala koMpaloM kI halakI AbhA-ghulI/haritAbha kI sAr3I/detA hai rAta ko / " (pR. 19) Alambana rUpa meM kavizrI kA hRdaya adhika ramA hai / Alambana rUpa kA citraNa sarvatra dRSTigocara hotA hai : "prAcI ke adharoM para/manda madhurima muskAna hai/sara para pallA nahIM hai/aura siMdUrI dhUla ur3atI-sI/raMgIna-rAga kI AbhA-/bhAI hai, bhAI ..!" (pR.1) mAnavIkaraNa kI pravRtti to kAvya ke nAmakaraNa dvArA hI pradarzita ho jAtI hai jisameM prakRti ke mahattvapUrNa aMga mATI ko mAnava rUpa de kAvyAdhAra banAyA gayA hai / vaise mAnavIkaraNa kI pravRtti kAvya meM sarvatra parilakSita hotI hai / "abalA bAlAyeM saba/taralA tArAyeM aba/chAyA kI bhA~ti
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________________ apane patideva / candramA ke pIche-pIche ho / chupI jA rahIM .. kahIM" sudUra "diganta meM / divAkara unheM / dekha na le, isa zaMkA se / " (pR.2) tArikAoM ko abalAoM ke rUpa meM va candramA ko unake priyatama ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| yaha kaisA madhura - manorama citra hai| upadezAtmaka rUpa meM bhI prakRti kA darzana hotA hai : paramparAgata zailI ke kahIM to kahIM vasanta kA / kie haiN| "haMsa - rAjahaMsa sadRza / kSIra-nIra viveka-zIla !" (pR. 113) AdhAra para SaD-Rtu varNana bhI parilakSita hotA hai - grISma kahIM to kahIM zIta kA, varSA isa prakAra RtuoM ke anurUpa bhI prakRti ke ugra, saumya, zAnta va manohArI citra rekhAMkita grISma kI vibhISikA dekheM : D 0 mUkamATI-mImAMsA : : 451 "yahA~ jala rahI hai kevala / tapana tapana" tapana !" (pR. 178) "jalA huA jala vASpa meM DhalA / " (pR. 190) jahA~ grISma va sUrya kI agni se jala vASpa meM parivartita ho rahA hai, vahIM varSA Rtu ke Agamana para jalada ke svayaM jala bana kara barasane kI kalpanA zItalatA pradAna karatI hai : "jalada bana jala barasAtA rahA / " (pR. 191 ) yU~ to zItakAla kI bAta hI nirAlI hai / kintu zIta ke Adhikya se manuSya to kyA per3a-paudhe bhI nahIM bace haiN| himapAta ne sarvatra saphedI lA dI hai : " zIta-kAla kI bAta hai / avazya hI isameM / vikRti kA hAtha hai per3a-paudhoM kI/DAla-DAla para / pAta-pAta para / hima - ma-pAta hai / " (pR. 90) jahA~ zItakAla ne DAla-DAla ko himapAta ke AvaraNa meM Dhaka diyA hai vahIM zizira ke Agamana ke sAtha latAlatikAe~ zizira ke chuvana se pIlI par3atI jA rahI haiM : "latA- latikAyeM ye,/ zizira - chuvana se pIlI par3atI-sI pUrI jala - jAta haiN|" (pR. 90 ) prakRti ke vibhinna upAdAna, yathA- vRkSa, sari, saritA, sAgara, megha, AkAza, pakSI, sUrya, candramA, tAre, varSA, puSpa, pallava evaM druma Adi kA varNana pAThaka ko prakRti kI kror3a meM hI mAnoM le calatA hai| isake atirikta kucha bhaugolika tathyoM, vaijJAnika satyoM tathA prAkRtika yathArthoM kA citraNa kalAtmakatA se kara use grAhya banAyA hai / sUrya kI tapana se sAgara kA ubalanA tathA candrAkarSaNa se jvAra Ane ke tathya ko kaisA kAvyamaya DhA~cA pradAna kiyA hai| draSTavya hai sAgara kI mAnasikatA :
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________________ 452 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "idhara sAgara kI bhI yahI sthiti hai/candra ko dekha kara umar3atA hai aura/sUrya ko dekhakara ubalatA hai|" (pR. 192) ___ eka ora 'mUkamATI' kA kalA pakSa jahA~ apanI indradhanuSI chaTA bikhera rahA hai vahIM dUsarI ora usakA bhAva pakSa atyanta samRddha, puSTa, sarvAMga evaM saphala bana par3A hai| ___ yaha bhAva pakSa kahIM himagirI kI uttuMga U~cAiyA~ lie kAvya ko dRr3hatA pradAna kara rahA hai to kahIM sarit pravAha-sA nizchala, chala-chala, kala-kala ninAdita ho, pravAhita ho kAvya ko gati pradAna kara rahA hai| bhaktikAlIna santoM-sA kavizrI kA hRdaya va mano-mastiSka dhana ke lobha kI nindA karatA hai tathA artha kI nirarthakatA svIkAratA hai : "yaha kaTu-satya hai ki/artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatIM, artha kI lipsA ne bar3oM-bar3oM ko/nirlajja banAyA hai|" (pR. 192) karuNA, sneha evaM mamatA ko unhoMne vizeSa gurutA pradAna kara uccAdarzoM kI sthApanA kI hai| mAtA ke sammAna ko aparihArya va parama Avazyaka mAnA hai / bhAratIya saMskRti meM mAtA kA sthAna sarvopari mAnA hai : "mAtA kA mAna-sammAna ho,/usI kA jaya-gAna ho sdaa|" (pR. 206) isake atirikta pracalita bhAratIya sAmAjika mAnyatAe~, bhAratIya saMskRti va paramparAoM kA saphala nirvAha bhI kiyA gayA hai| candra grahaNa va sUrya grahaNa ke lagane para paramparAnusAra anna-jala kA tyAga karanA par3atA hai| usI kA varNana dekheM : "sUrya-grahaNa kA saMkaTa yaha/jaba taka dUra nahIM hogA taba taka bhojana-pAna kA tyAga !/jana-raMjana, manaraMjana kA tyAga !" (pR. 240) isake atirikta mAMgalya ke pratIka svastika cihna, kuMkuma, candana, maMgala ghaTa, kalaza Adi kA bhI prasaMgAnusAra citraNa bhAratIya saMskRti ko mAnoM mukharita-sA karatA pratIta hotA hai : "...sajAyA huA/mAMgalika kumbha rakhA gayA aSTa pahalUdAra candana kI caukI pr|" (pR. 311-312) kula milAkara 'mUkamATI' eka aisA kAvya grantha bana par3A hai jo Atma-darzana to karavAtA hI hai, kintu sAtha hI sAtha parokSa rUpa se pratIkAtmaka zailI meM AtaMkavAda jaisI kupravRttiyoM para bhI aMkuza lagAne kA saMketa detA hai| aura sabase bar3I bAta to yaha hai ki 'mUkmATI' eka dArzanika, cintaka, sAdhaka, indriyajit tapasvI kA asatya para satya kA, amaMgala para maMgala kA aura azubha para zubha kI antima vijaya kA amara sandeza dene vAlA eka jayanAda hai, eka antarnAda hai, eka zAzvata aura alaukika jayaghoSa evaM anUThI kRti bhI hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI': mATI ke mAdhyama se jIvana-darzana rAjendra nagAvata mATI mAnava kA AdhAra, AkAra va pariNati hai / mATI or3hana hai, mATI bichAvana hai / eka taraha se mATI hI manuSya kI pahacAna hai| mATI mUka hai parantu racayitA ne ise eka aisI gUMjana se paripUrNa kara diyA hai ki vaha jIvana ke samagra darzana kI anugUMja bana gaI hai / bahuta adhika gUr3hatA na dekara, sahaja dRSTAntoM, bimboM, rUpakoM ke dvArA sarala zabdoM meM pariveza kA parivezana kiyA hai| prathama khaNDa meM mATI kA Alor3ana-vilor3ana hai, dUsare meM utpatti ke saMketa to tIsare meM upArjana / parvata ke ArohaNa ke ye tIna zivira sampanna kara caturtha khaNDa meM zikhara ArohaNa hai / isameM tapta svarUpa va pariNati kA citraNa prathama khaNDa meM prathamata: saMketa hai : "prabhAta meM kumbhakAra AyegA/patita se pAvana banane,/samarpaNa-bhAva-sameta usake sukhada caraNoM meM/praNipAta karanA hai tumheN|" (pR. 16-17) taba ubharatI pIr3A ke prati yaha kathana draSTavya hai : "pIr3A kI ati hI/pIr3A kI iti hai/aura pIr3A kI iti hI/sukha kA atha hai|" (pR. 33) isI ko aura Age le jAte kahA gayA hai : "kAyA ko kRza karane se/kaSAya kA dama ghuTatA hai|" (pR. 87) dvitIya khaNDa meM sarjanAtmaka svara hai : "mAna-ghamaNDa se achUtI mATI/piNDa se piNDa chur3AtI huI kumbha ke rUpa meM DhalatI hai|" (pR. 164) to mokSa kI ora iMgita karate ye zabda bhI haiM : "apane ko chor3akara/para-padArtha se prabhAvita honA hI moha kA pariNAma hai/aura/saba ko chor3akara apane Apa meM bhAvita honA hI/mokSa kA dhAma hai|" (pR. 109-110) tRtIya khaNDa meM puruSArtha kA saMketa hai : "parizrama karo/pasInA bahAo/bAhubala milA hai tumheM karo puruSArtha shii|" (pR. 211-212) parISaha se bharI sAdhanA kA AhvAna bhI :
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________________ 454 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "parISaha-upasarga ke binA kabhI/svarga aura apavarga kI upalabdhi na huI, na hogI/kAlika satya hai yaha !" (pR. 266) caturtha khaNDa meM paripUrNatA ko prApta kumbha ke prati abhivyakta vicAra draSTavya haiM : "kumbha ke vimala-darpaNa meM/santa kA avatAra huA hai aura/kumbha ke nikhila arpaNa meM/santa kA AbhAra huA hai|" (pR. 354-355) mATI kI mahattA ke prati kavi ke vicAra avalokanIya haiM : - "mATI svarNa nahIM hai/para/svarNa ko ugalatI avazya / " (pR. 364-365) 0 "he svarNa-kalaza!/eka bAra to merA kahanA mAno, kRtajJa bano isa jIvana meM,/mA~ mATI ko amApa mAna do|" (pR. 366) [sampAdaka- 'jaina prakAza' (pAkSika), naI dillI, 15 julAI, 1990] pRSTha 100 hameM apane zIla-svabhASa se/--... dAga nahIM lagA pAtI vaha ( O
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________________ 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI sAhitya-zodha kI dizAe~ DaoN. jagadIzapAla siMha 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM kathya tathA zilpa stara para abhinava prayoga haiN| ata: yaha sampUrNa mahAkAvya apanI samUcI saMracanA, prakRti tathA kAryakAritA meM zodhavya hai| 'zodha' zabda 'zudh' dhAtu se vyutpanna huA hai| zudh kA artha zuddha karanA hai / zodha zuddhIkaraNa kI prakriyA hai / vikRta, malina, vismRta, ajJAta tathA azuddha tathyoM ko pariSkRta tathA parimArjita banAne kI sampUrNa prakriyA zodha kahalAtI hai / 'mUkamATI' ke racayitA jaina muni zrIyut vidyAsAgara ne 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke dUsare sarga 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' meM bodha tathA zodha ke antara ko nimnalikhita chanda meM spaSTa kiyA hai : "bodha kA phUla jaba/DhalatA-badalatA, jisameM/vaha pakva phUla hI to zodha kahalAtA hai/bodha meM AkulatA palatI hai zodha meM nirAkulatA phalatI hai/phUla se nahIM, phala se tRpti kA anubhava hotA hai,/phala kA rakSaNa ho aura phala kA bhakSaNa ho;/hA~ ! hA~ !!/phUla meM bhale hI gandha ho para, rasa kahA~ usameM!/phala to rasa se bharA hotA hI hai sAtha-sAtha/surabhi se surabhita bhI ".!" (pR. 107) zodha kI vastuniSThatA ko racanAkAra ne nimnalikhita paMktiyoM meM abhivyaMjita kiyA hai : __ "apanA hI na aMkana ho/para kA bhI mUlyAMkana ho|" (pR. 149) racanAkAra ne nimnalikhita paMktiyoM meM zodha-zailI ke svarUpa kA bhI saMketa kiyA hai : "lambI, gagana cUmatI vyAkhyA se/mUla kA mUlya kama hotA hai sahI mUlyAMkana guma hotA hai / " (pR. 109) racanAkAra kI dRSTi meM tAttvika jJAna kyA hai, vaha nimnalikhita pa~ktiyoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai : " 'sva' ko sva ke rUpa meM / 'para' ko para ke rUpa meM jAnanA hI sahI jJAna hai|" (pR. 375) racanAkAra ne ukta pahale chanda meM bodha aura zodha meM tAttvika antara spaSTa kiyA hai| 'bodha' gandhayukta, rasa zUnya puSpa hai aura 'zodha' rasa tathA surabhi se yukta phala hai / phala meM mAdhurya tathA Ananda donoM vidyamAna haiN| zodha parizuddha jJAnajanya Ananda hI to hai| racanAkAra ne bahuta hI saTIka likhA hai- 'bodha meM AkulatA hai aura zodha meM niraakultaa|' vastutaH zodha kA prathama sopAna bodha hai / parizuddha bodha hI zodha banatA hai / zodha AtmatoSa ko janma detA hai / jJAna ko nirdhAnta tathA nirmala banAtA hai zodha / / dUsare chanda kI paMktiyoM meM racanAkAra ne AtmaniSThatA ko zodha kA bAdhaka tattva mAnA hai / vastuta: zodha kI samasta prakriyA tathA paddhati vastuniSTha tathA vaijJAnika hai / usameM AtmaniSThatA kA saMsparza sthAna pA hI nahIM sktaa|
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________________ 456 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA tathya saMkalana se lekara vargIkaraNa-vibhAjana, samAyojana-vizleSaNa tathA vivecana samasta racanA-vidhAna meM tArkikatA, kramabaddhatA, prAmANikatA, vastuniSThatA tathA vaijJAnikatA Adi guNa anusyUta rahate haiM / pRSTha 109 para tIsare chanda kI paMktiyoM meM zodhI racanAkAra ne spaSTa saMketa kiyA hai ki anupayukta, anAvazyaka tathA anapekSita vizleSaNa - vivecana se tathyagata tattva spaSTa nahIM hotA balki tathyagata satya kA sahI mUlyAMkana tirohita ho jAtA hai| racanAkAra kA abhimata hai ki vizleSaNa-vivecana, saMyamita, santulita tathA sAragarbhita honA caahie| anAvazyaka zabdAvalI, anapekSita vAkya - racanA tathA zabdoM ke jAla se tathyagata satya athavA tattva kI rakSA karanI caahie| pRSTha 375 para anveSI racanAkAra kA abhimata hai ki zodhaka ko AtmaniSThatA tathA vastuniSThatA ke madhya spaSTa vibhAjaka rekhA khIMcanI caahie| arthAt tathyoM kA prakRti tathA pratyaya-stara para vizleSaNa karake tathyagata tattva ko prakArya ke AdhAra para spaSTa karanA zodhaka kA saccA dAyitva hai / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA zodha kI dRSTi se mUlyAMkana nimnalikhita binduoM para kiyA jA sakatA hai : 1. sAhitya zodha / 2. sAhityetara zodha / 3. bhASAvaijJAnika zodha / 4. bhASetara zodha / sAhitya sambandhI zodha ko sAhitya racanA ke tattvoM kI dRSTi se nimnalikhita bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai : 1. kathA saMracanA, prayoga tathA prakArya se sambandhita zodha / 2. bhAva nirUpaNa tathA rasa - prayoga kI dRSTi se sambandhita zodha / 3. vaicArikatA tathA dArzanika dRSTi se sambandhita zodha / 4. bhASA zodha / 5. kalA athavA zilpa-vidhAna se sambandhita zodha / sAhityetara zodha ko sAhityetara viSaya - bheda se nimnalikhita bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM : 1. mUkamATI mahAkAvya kA samAjazAstrIya mUlyAMkana / 2. mUkamATI mahAkAvya kA manovaijJAnika mUlyAMkana / 3. mUkamATI mahAkAvya kA sAMskRtika parizIlana / 4. mUkamATI mahAkAvya kA rAjanIti - vaijJAnika anuzIlana / 5. mUkamATI mahAkAvya kA nItizAstrIya mUlyAMkana / bhASA vaijJAnika zodha kI dRSTi se mUka mATI para nimnAMkita prakAra ke zodha kArya kie jA sakate haiM: : 1. mUkamATI mahAkAvya kA dhvani - vaijJAnika anuzIlana / 2. mUkamATI mahAkAvya kA zabda - vaijJAnika parizIlana / 3. mUkamATI mahAkAvya kA pada - vaijJAnika mUlyAMkana / 4. mUkamATI mahAkAvya meM prayukta AdhArabhUta zabdAvalI kA vaijJAnika adhyayana / 5. mUkamATI mahAkAvya meM pratyaya prayoga / 6. mUkamATI mahAkAvya meM parasarga - vidhAna /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 457 7. mUkamATI mahAkAvya kA vAkya-vaijJAnika mUlyAMkana / 8. mUkamATI mahAkAvya kA artha-vaijJAnika anuzIlana / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya para nimnAMkita prakAra ke bhASetara zodha kArya kie jA sakate haiM : 1. mUkamATI mahAkAvya kA samAjabhASA vaijJAnika adhyayana / 2. mUkamATI mahAkAvya kA manobhASA vaijJAnika mUlyAMkana / 3. mUkamATI mahAkAvya kA rAjabhASA vaijJAnika mUlyAMkana / . 4. mUkamATI mahAkAvya kI AdhArabhUta zabdAvalI kA samAjazAstrIya adhyayana / 5. mUkamATI mahAkAvya kA saMsthAgata bhASAvijJAna kI dRSTi se mUlyAMkana / isa zodha lekha kA pratipAdya mUkamATI mahAkAvya kA sAhitya kI dRSTi se zodha hai / ata: sAhitya ke racanA ghaTakoM ke prayoga, saMracanA tathA prakAryoM taka hI prastuta zodha viSaya sImita hai / sAhitya racanA ke pratyeka tattva kA adhyayana paddhatiyoM kI dRSTi se nimnAMkita prakAra se mUlyAMkana apekSita hai : 1. varNanAtmaka paddhati kI dRSTi se| 2. saMracanAtmaka paddhati kI dRSTi se / 3. tulanAtmaka dRSTi se| 4. aitihAsika dRSTi se| 5. prAyogika paddhati kI dRSTi se / kathA saMracanA,prayoga, prabhAva tathA kAryakAritA kI dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya para ukta paddhatiyoM kI dRSTi se aneka zodha kArya sampanna kie jA sakate haiN| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki ukta kRti para vibhinna vizvavidyAlayoM dvArA yojanAbaddha paddhati se zodha kArya karAne caahie| bundelakhaNDI, bAMgarU, vraja, kauravI, kannaujI, avadhI, baghelI, chattIsagar3hI tathA muNDA bhASA parivAra kI bhASAoM, boliyoM, sAhityika kRtiyoM tathA sAMskRtika avadAnoM ke sandarbha meM ukta kRti ke zodha mUlyAMkana kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai / kathA-prayoga kI dRSTi se ukta kAvya kRti para nimnalikhita zodha kArya sampanna kie jA sakate haiM : bhAratIya prabandha kAvyoM ke kathAnakoM ke sandarbha meM 'mUkamATI' ke kathAnaka kA mUlyAMkana' / yaha yojanAbaddha paddhati kA kArya mAnA jaaegaa| isake nimnalikhita yojanA vibhAga sambhava hoMge : 'saMskRta sAhitya ke kathA-prayogoM ke sandarbha meM 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke kathAnaka kA mUlyAMkana / ' yaha viSaya bhI svatantra-zodha yojanA kA viSaya mAnA jAegA / saMskRta-sAhitya ke pratyeka kavi kI samasta racanAoM athavA ekaeka kRti ke kathA-prayogoM ke sandarbha meM saMracanA,tulanA tathA aitihAsikatA kI dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' kAvya ke kathAnaka kA anuzIlana sambhava hai| isI prakAra 'prAkRta sAhitya ke kathA-prayogoM ke sandarbha meM mUkamATI mahAkAvya ke kathAnaka kA vibhinna adhyayana paddhatiyoM kI dRSTi se mUlyAMkana' zodha viSaya vistRta zodha kArya yojanA kA viSaya hai / prAkRta sAhitya bheda se isa bRhad yojanA ke nimnalikhita upavibhAga sambhava haiM : 1. mahArASTrI prAkRta sAhitya ke kathA-prayogoM ke sandarbha meM 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke kathA-prayogoM kA __ adhyyn| 2. zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya ke kathA-prayogoM ke sandarbha meM 'mUkamATI mahAkAvya ke kathA-prayogoM kA prishiiln| 3. mAgadhI prAkRta sAhitya ke kathAnakoM ke sandarbha meM 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke kathAnaka kA mUlyAMkana /
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________________ 458 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 4. arddhamAgadhI prAkRta sAhitya ke kathAnakoM ke sandarbha meM 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvyoM ke kathAnaka kA anuzIlana / 5. paizAcI prAkRta sAhitya ke kathA-prayogoM ke sandarbha meM 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke kathA prayogoM kA anuzIlana / ukta zodha yojanAgata viSaya eka hI racanAkAra kI samasta tathA ekala kAvya kRtiyoM ke sandarbha meM vibhinna adhyayana paddhatiyoM kI dRSTi se sampanna karAe tathA kie jA sakate haiN| prAkRta sAhitya kI taraha 'apabhraMza sAhitya ke (ukta bhedoM ke) sandarbha meM 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke kathAnaka kA mUlyAMkana' kiyA jA sakatA hai / isI prakAra 'hindI tathA usakI janapadIya boliyoM meM viracita kAvya-kRtiyoM ke kathA-prayogoM ke sandarbha meM 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke kathA-prayogoM kA vivecana' ukta adhyayana paddhatiyoM kI dRSTi se kiyA jA sakatA hai| hindI sAhitya kI taraha bhArata kI vibhinna bhASAoM tathA boliyoM meM viracita sAhitya ke kathA-prayogoM ke sandarbha meM 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke kathA-prayogoM kA mUlyAMkana' kiyA jA sakatA hai| kAvya rUpoM kI dRSTi se bhI 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA mUlyAMkana sambhava hai| bhAratIya kAvya-rUpoM ke sandarbha meM 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke rUpa kA nirdhAraNa' yaha bhI zodha yojanA kA viSaya ho sakatA hai| rasa prayoga, prakriyA tathA prabhAva kI dRSTi se bhI 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA zodhastarIya mUlyAMkana kiyA jA sakatA hai / racanAkAra ne 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM navarasoM kA tAttvika vivecana kiyA hai / prabhAva tathA lokahita kI dRSTi se racanAkAra ne zAnta rasa ko zreSThatama svIkAra kiyA hai / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM aMgIrasa ke rUpa meM lokarasa, prakRti rasa tathA zAnta rasa svIkAre jA sakate haiN| bhAratIya tathA bhAratIyetara sAhitya meM isa prayoga ke sandarbha meM 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI rasa-yojanA kA adhyayana kI vibhinna paddhatiyoM kI dRSTi se mUlyAMkana kiyA jA sakatA hai| ___ vicAra tattva athavA darzana kI dRSTi se bhI 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA zodhastarIya mUlyAMkana sambhava hai / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM sAmAjikatA, 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM dArzanikatA, 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM rAjanIti tattva, 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM nIti tattva, 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM paramparA tathA AdhunikatA Adi aneka zodha viSaya sambhava haiN| racanAkAra ne AtaMkavAda, alagAvavAda,bhautikatAvAda, kUTanIti tathA antarikSa yuddha Adi ko mAnava jAti ke lie ghAtaka mAnA hai / ata: 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM jIvana-mUlya zodha viSaya para bhI kArya kiyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA zodha kI dRSTi se ukta kAvyakRti kA zabda prayogoM kI dRSTi se, bhAva-vicAra tathA bhASA santulana kI dRSTi se bhI ukta mUlyAMkana kiyA jA sakatA hai| dhvani prayoga zabda racanA,pada-racanA, vAkya-vinyAsa tathA ArthI prayoga ke atirikta zabdakozIya tathA zailI vaijJAnika Adi dRSTiyoM se bhI ukta mahAkAvya kA mUlyAMkana kiyA jA sakatA hai| ukta kAvyakRti kathya prayoga kI dRSTi se hI maulika nahIM hai apitu abhinava arthabodhaka bhASika prayogoM kI dRSTi se bhI sarvathA navIna tathA maulika hai| kalA tattva kI dRSTi se ukta racanA kA zodhastarIya mUlyAMkana nimnAMkita rUpa meM sambhava hai : 1. upamAna-prayoga kI dRSTi se / 2. bimba-vidhAna kI dRSTi se| 3. pratIka-vidhAna kI dRSTi se| 4. chanda-vidhAna kI dRSTi se| AcArya muni vidyAsAgara cintana, manana tathA kalpanA- sabhI staroM para advitIya sthAna rakhate haiN| unhoMne isa mahAkAvya meM paramparAgata upamAnoM kA kama apatui nae upamAnoM kA prayoga adhika kiyA hai / jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM tathA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 459 pakSoM se unhoMne upamAna cune haiN| nimnalikhita udAharaNoM se unake upamAna-cayana kI prakriyA ko samajhA jA sakatA hai : 0 "tana kA bala vaha/kaNa-sA rahatA hai/aura mana kA bala vaha/mana-sA-rahatA hai|" (pR. 96) 0 "zAnta, rasa hai/ nadI kI bhA~ti !" (pR. 155) 0 "palAza kI ha~sI-sI sAr3I pahanI gulAba kI AbhA phIkI par3atI jisase / " (pR. 200) uparyukta tInoM chandoM meM abhinava upamAna prayukta hue haiN| ata: 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM prastuta bimboM tathA pratIkoM kA adhyayana kI samasta paddhatiyoM kI dRSTi se mUlyAMkana kiyA jA sakatA hai| bimba tathA pratIka lokajIvana se adhika cune gae haiN| ata: 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM prayukta bimboM tathA pratIkoM kA adhyayana kI samasta paddhatiyoM kI dRSTi se mUlyAMkana kiyA jA sakatA hai| racanAkAra ne 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM aneka prakAra ke chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| pratyeka chanda bhAvoM tathA vicAroM ko sArthaka abhivyakti pradAna karatA hai / chanda kahIM bhI, kisI bhI stara para bhAvoM tathA vicAroM ke pravAha meM bAdhaka nahIM haiN| eka hI sarga meM aneka prakAra ke chanda prayukta hue haiN| paramparAgata chandoM ke atirikta abhinava chanda adhika prayukta hue haiN| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM prayukta chandoM kA mUlyAMkana adhyayana kI vibhinna paddhatiyoM kI dRSTi se kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha mUlyAMkana bhI bhAratIya tathA bhAratIyetara sAhitya ke chanda-vidhAna ke sandarbha meM bhI sambhava hai| pRSTha 53 bIja kA vapana liyA hai.- usa pakI phasalako / IWWWHICH AAPP Gor
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________________ 'mUkamATI' aura usake sarjaka AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI mohana zazi prAta:smaraNIya yazasvI santa, tapaHpUta AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara mahArAja aura unakI mahAn kRti 'mUkamATI' ko zata-zata namana karatA huuN| mahArAjazrI kA sAnnidhya-sukha-saubhAgya prApta karane ke mujhe aneka suavasara upalabdha hue haiM / unake hI zrImukha se unakI amUlya racanAoM ko sunane tathA apanI racanAe~ unake zrIcaraNoM meM arpita karane ke svargika Ananda kI anubhUti ke kSaNa bhI mujhe prApta hue haiN| kintu, maiM ati vinamratA ke sAtha yaha spaSTa kaha dUM ki mahArAjazrI ko samajha pAnA merI sAmarthya ke pare hai| aura jaba maiM unheM hI nahIM samajha sakA taba do-cAra bAra par3hakara unakI mahAn kRti 'mUkamATI' ko samajha lU~, yaha to kataI sambhava nhiiN| kisI loka kavi ne kahA hai : ___ "mATI ur3haunA, mATI bichaunA, mATI meM mila jAnA... eka dina rAma ghare saba jaanaa|" aisA nahIM hai ki hama isa zarIra kI gati nahIM jAnate / hama meM se eka-eka yaha jAnatA hai : "AyA hai so jAegA, rAjA, raMka, phkiir|" phira bhI kAma, krodha, lobha, moha ke vazIbhUta hama kauna-sI tasvIra prastuta kara rahe haiM ? saba kucha jAnakara anajAna bane hue haiM : "mATI ke putale.../kAhe ko bisArA hari nAma !" RSi, muniyoM, gurujanoM, santa-mahAtmAoM, vidvajjanoM ne kitanI bAra khole haiM hamArI jJAnendriyoM ke paTa, kintu hara bAra vahI--DhAka ke tIna pAta / dizAdarzana karane vAloM kI sarAhanA karate hama nahIM aghAte, lekina usa dizA meM adhyayana, manana, cintana kI apekSA, puna: 'maiM aura merA' ke ghere meM kAmakAja, kArobAra meM laga jAte haiN| jaba taka jIvana hai, taba taka kAma hai, mukti nahIM / tArIfa to taba hai ki jaba kAma karate hue bhI, mukti kA mArga prazasta karane kA samaya nikAlA jaae| yahI sandeza detI hai 'mUkamATI', aura yahI sAra bhI hai 'mUkamATI' kaa| "sAra-sAra ko gahi rahe, thothA deya ur3Aya / " kannaDabhASA ke mAdhyama se hAIskUla taka kI zikSA prApta karane vAle mahArAja zrI vidyAsAgarajI hindI racanAdharmitA ke aise catura citere haiM ki kisI paripATI meM unheM gherA nahIM jA sakatA / bAta sirpha hindI kI hI kyA, saMskRta aura aMgrejI Adi meM bhI unakI zAnI nhiiN| aisA zabda camatkAra dikhalAyA hai mahArAjazrI ne ki jise zabda kI sImA meM nahIM bA~dhA jA sakatA / mUkamATI jaise viSaya para mahAkAvya koI sAdhAraNa nahIM, apitu a-sAdhAraNa bAta hai / maiM puna: isI niSkarSa para pahu~cane para bAdhya hU~ ki pada dalita, vyathita, lAcAra mATI kI taraha isa tana para dhyAna deM jo eka dina mATI ho jAnA hai, mATI meM mila jAnA hai / aura isI bhAvanA ke sAtha 'mUkamATI' kA eka-eka akSara, eka-eka zabda, eka-eka paMkti nae sire se phira pddh'eN| mujhe vizvAsa hai ki usake sandeza ko Apa grahaNa kara paaeNge| karmabaddha AtmA kA vizuddhi kI ora agrasara hokara maMz2ila kI prApti ke lie mukti yAtrA kA rUpaka hai 'muukmaattii'|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 461 kumbhakAra, mATI kI vikAsa-kathA, sAgara, bar3avAnala, dhana Adi ke pralayaMkara dRzyoM ke mAdhyama se kAvyamahArathI mahArAjazrI ne apanI dArzanika AtmA kA vazIkaraNI-saMgIta hamAre samakSa prastuta kara diyA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki 'mAno to deva, nahIM to ptthr'| 'mUkamATI' mujhe yaha kahane ko vivaza kara rahI hai ki par3ho aura gahare DUbo to amUlya dharohara, varanA basa eka pustk'| rakha lIjie zo-kesa meM aura kara lIjie zauka puuraa| 'mUkamATI' kI bhUmikA svarUpa prastavana' meM lakSmIcandra jaina ne kahA hai : "guru to pravacana hI de sakate haiM, 'vacana' nhiiN|" AtmA kA uddhAra to apane hI puruSArtha se ho sakatA hai / aura avinazvara sukha vacanoM se batAyA nahIM jA sktaa| vaha to sAdhanA se prApta Atmopalabdhi hai / khaNDa cAra 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' kA kenavAsa to ati vizAla hai| "idhara dharatI kA dila/dahala uThA, hila uThA hai" (pR.269) se prArambha kara isa caturtha khaNDa kA anta huA "...ina/zabdoM para vizvAsa lAo,/hA~ , hA~ !! vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI/avazya milegI/magara mArga meM nahIM, maMz2ila para !/aura/mahA-mauna meM/DUbate hue santa.. aura mAhaula ko/animeSa nihaartii-sii/''muukmaattii|" (pR. 488) 'mUkamATI' ke zabda zilpa, jIvana darzana, anekAnta dRSTi se samajhane kI sAmarthya, zabdAlaMkAra, arthAlaMkAra, artha ke achUte aura anUThe AyAma, kavitA kA antaraMga svarUpa, sAhitya ke AdhArabhUta siddhAntoM kA digdarzana, nava rasoM kA pratipAdana, tattva darzana, AhAra-dAna sahita aneka prakriyAe~, tattva-cintana, laukika evaM pAralaukika jijJAsAoM tathA anveSaNoM kI amara dharohara, sAmAjika dAyitvabodha, kAvya kI maryAdA evaM garimA, mantra evaM vidyA kI AdhArabhitti, aMkoM tathA bIjAkSaroM kA camatkAra, Adhunika jIvana kA abhinava zAstra, adhyAtma kA sAgara Adi hone se kyA kucha nahIM hai isameM ! mere jaisA abodha sahaja hI to nahIM samajha sakatA 'mUkamATI' ko| AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI ko vinata praNAma nivedita kara apane kathana kI iti ina paMktiyoM ke sAtha karatA hU~: 'kI kiraNeM pada-dalita mUkamATI para mohaka mahAkAvya, he mahAsanta ! yaha mAtra tumhIM guna sakate ho| ApAdhApI, jaMjAla, vikaTa vidrUpatAe~ dukha ke ye saptaka tAra, tumhIM suna sakate ho / / 1 / / upalabdhi anokhI hai yaha kavitA kAnana kI, tapa, tyAga aura cintana kI yaha rasa dhArA hai| AyAma nae, nUtana zailI meM, nayA sRjana, mandira hai yaha, masjida hai au' gurudvArA hai / / 2 / / hai mukta-chanda meM, alaMkAra, rasa rocakatA, adhyAtma aura darzana kA yaha to hai sAgara /
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________________ 462 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA jo par3he aura pA jAe isakA mahA-marma, nizcita mAnoM, jAgeMge usameM karuNAkara ||3|| karuNA hotI sAkAra, mukhara hotA cintana, zabdoM ke nae artha nartita ho jAte haiM / are ! anekAnta aura darzana ke AyAma navala, mAnasa para par3e kaluSa sAre dho jAte haiM // 4 // cintana, caritra, nirvANa aura mana-manthana ke, hara dvAra kholane Ae zrI vidyAsAgara / mAno to deva, nahIM to patthara hai patthara, bhavasAgara pAra lagAte zrI vidyAsAgara ||5|| khuda kI khAtira to hama-tuma saba jI lete haiM, yaha mahAsanta, janaraMjana khAtira jItA hai / mAnava mana para ho gaI 'mUkamATI' candana, gahare DUbo to kaliyuga kI yaha gItA hai // 6 // arthAnveSaNI dRSTi jarA DAlo to tuma, vizleSaNa karake bhAvabodha pahacAno to / dAyitvabodha yaha mahAsRjana karavAtA hai, yaha mahAvIra varadAna, ise tuma jAno to // 7 // isakA adhyayana to tIratha kA phaladAyaka hai, anuzIlana hai, bhavasAgara pAra lage naiyA / kaliyuga ke dardoM kI hai davA 'mUkamATI', mAnoM to deva, nahIM to patthara hai bhaiyA // 8 // prAsaMgika, anuSaMgika, bahutere camatkAra, bIjAkSara, mantra, aMka, hara chaTA nirAlI hai / 'sTAra vAra' taka pahu~cI kavi kI divya dRSTi, kavitA ke samIpa vyaMjanoM - maya, yaha thAlI hai ||9|| adbhuta sukha aura santoSa milegA adhyayana se, isako par3hakara tuma marma, dharma ke jAnoge / 'zazi' ke mana meM vizvAsa jagA hai Aja sakhe ! tuma, sAra 'mUkamATI' kA, khuda pahacAnoge // 10 //
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________________ saubhAgya mAna, mAnava apanA saubhAgya mAna, tujhe tArane, hAthoM meM yaha ThaharI hai| yaha jJAna, dhyAna kI gaMgA parama suhAnI hai, himagiri se U~cI, sAgara se bhI gaharI hai // 11 // buddhihIna, balahIna aura sAmarthyahIna, kRti kI karanA pahacAna mujhe to duSkara hai| AcAryazrI he vidyAsAgara ! svIkAro, prabho ! Apake zrI caraNoM, nata yaha sara hai // 12 // 'mUkamATI' mathatI hai manasA vAcA karmaNA, jIne kI dizAe~ naI hameM dikhalAtI hai| mana ke sitAra ke, ye tAra jhanajhanAtI sakhe !, pRSTha- pRSTha pUjya santa vidyAsAgara lAtI hai // 13 // mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 463 'mUkamATI' baiTha jAta, mAtha meM to suno tAta ! darzana ke hAtha, jagannAtha ye karAtI hai| kabhI bhI nahIM akelI bhAvabhUmi kI sahelI, cAvala sudAmA ke kanhaiyA ko khilAtI hai ||14|| suno../suno mere mIta,/ 'mUkamATI' mahAn dArzanika santa/ AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja kA hai/ amara jIvana saMgIta / 'mUkamATI' ko / sirfa dekho mata ise / antara ke paTa kholakara / lagana - niSThA evaM ImAnadArI se bA~co / na sahI jana-maMgala na sahI loka - maMgala / svayaM ke hita meM nAco / jisa dina / 'mUkamATI kA / sahI-sahI artha ApakI samajha meM A jAegA, / usa dina / ApakA tana-mana-jIvana / vidyAsAgara ho jAegA / o 'mUkamATI' ko/lapaka kara kharIdane vAlo kA~ca ke zo-kesa meM/ DrAiMga rUmoM meM sajAne vAlo ! isase pahale/ki/tumheM benakAva kiyA jAe apanI kaida se / mukta kara do 'mUkamATI'' tumhArI AlamAriyoM meM / isa amara kRti ko dekha phaTatI hai chAtI / phaTatI hai chAtI /
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________________ 464 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA svayaM nahIM par3ha sakate/to/ itanA upakAra kIjie jo kharIda nahIM sakate / kintu par3ha sakate haiM unheM par3hane de diijie| gAgara meM / sAgara hai 'mUkamATI' ba~dhI nahIM / chupI nahIM / dabI nahIM ujAgara hai 'muukmaattii'| Aja nahIM to kala / kala nahIM to parasoM yA / bIta jAe~ barasoM / eka na eka dina merI yaha bAta / karanA par3egI svIkAra, ki / 'mUkamATI' ke / adhyayana-manana- cintana aura dizAdarzana meM/nihita hai uddhAra / pradUSaNa se bhare / jaharIle vAtAvaraNa meM cAtaka se / cItkAra karate / vicaraNa karane vAlo ! bhaTako mata / yaha amRta kalaza uThA lo / ise par3ho aura par3hAo / NamokAra mantra / athavA rAmAyaNa kI taraha / samajho au' samajhAo AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ne jana- hita meM / jo / sahaja samarpita kara diyA / amUlya camatkArI / sAhitya-darzanacintana - adhyAtma Adi se sarAbora 'mUkamATI' meM / jisa dina gahare utara jAoge, merA dAvA hai / usa dina / kaisI bhI bhIr3a meM alaga hI naz2ara Aoge / kaisI bhI bhIr3a meM alaga hI naz2ara Aoge !
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________________ 'mUkamATI': Adhunika sAhitya ko nayA mor3a dene vAlA kAvya paM. bharata cakravartI jaina zAstrI anAdi-ananta kAlacakra se bhramita isa paMcama kAla meM sanmArgopadezaka khadyota ke samAna yatra-tatra nayanagocara hote haiN| inameM AtmasAdhanArata, tyAgI, nagna mudrA mudrita digambara sAdhu atyanta virale haiM, kyoMki digambara sAdhu kA yamaniyama-saMyama hara vyakti ke lie sulabha nahIM hai / digambaratva kA pAtra ve hI ho sakate haiM jinake antaraMga meM moha-rAga aura mUrchA Adi kA yathAyogya abhAva huA ho| AtmasAdhanArata sAdhu-mahAtmA loga apanI prakhara pratibhA kA paricaya jana-kalyANa hetu samaya-samaya para apUrva kAvya racanAoM dvArA dete Ae haiN| isI zRMkhalA meM 'mUkamATI' ke racayitA bAlayogI svanAmadhanya AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI zarIrAzrita indriyabhoga evaM kaSAyavardhaka ghaTanAoM se pUrita varNana ko hI kAvya ke nAma se sAmAnya janatA jAnatI AI hai / parantu AcAryazrI kI adhyAtma rasapUrNa isa racanA ne pUrvokta mAnyatA para kuThArAghAta kara diyA hai| sAtha hI Adhunika sAhitya ke lie eka nayA mor3a pradarzita kara mahAn upakAra kiyA hai| Akhira bhAvanA kI abhivyakti hI to kAvya hai| cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta 'mUkamATI' grantha meM kahIM adhyAtma hai to kahIM nimitta-upAdAna; kahIM nizcaya-vyavahAra; kahIM dAna-dAtA-pAtra-vidhi; kahIM dhyAna-dhyeya-dhyAtA to kahIM ApA-parAyA Adi aneka siddhAntoM ko sarala, subodha evaM janasAdhAraNa ke paricita udAharaNoM se spaSTa kiyA hai / ata: sabakA abhimata ullekha karanA yahA~ sambhava nahIM, anyathA eka lagha grantha banane kI AzaMkA hai| isalie maiM kucha-eka udAharaNoM se hI apanA abhimata likhanA ucita samajhatA hU~: "sattA zAzvata hotI hai, beTA!/prati-sattA meM hotI haiM/anagina sambhAvanAyeM utthAna-patana kI,/khasakhasa ke dAne-sA/bahuta choTA hotA hai bar3a kA bIja vaha !/samucita kSetra meM usakA vapana ho/samayocita khAda, havA, jala use mileM/aMkurita ho, ho kucha hI dinoM meM/vizAla kAya dhAraNa kara vaTa ke rUpa meM avatAra letA hai,/yahI isakI mahattA hai|" (pR.7) - jaise atyanta choTA vaTa kA bIja samucita kSetra, kAla Adi bAhya sAdhanoM ko pAkara rAjA kI caturaMga senA ke vizrAma yogya bRhat kAya vRkSa bana jAtA hai, vaise hI kSudra zarIravAlA jIva bhI yogya sAdhanoM ko pAkara mahAn bana sakatA hai / ataH kisI bhI jIva ko usakI vartamAna paryAya kI dRSTi se na dekhakara dravya dRSTi se usakI ananta zakti ko dekhA kro| Azaya yaha hai ki AcAryazrI yahA~ hameM paryAya dRSTi ko gauNa kara dravya dRSTi se vastu ke svabhAvabhUta ananta zakti kI ora AkRSTa karate haiN| parvata kI talahaTI se dekhane para uttuMga zikhara kA darzana ho jAtA hai lekina zikhara kA sparza karanA to binA caraNoM ke prayoga ke sambhava nahIM hai| isI prakAra bhavya jIva kA gantavya sthAna sva-svarUpa meM samA jAnA hI hai / sva-svarUpa meM samA jAne ke lie saMyama rUpa pada (caraNa) prayoga avazyaMbhAvI hai| jana raMjAyamAna, gaganacumbI tattva nirUpaNa karane vAloM ko bhI saMyamArUr3ha hue binA iSTArtha mRga-marIcikA ke samAna hai| miTTI bhI apanI ananta paryAya rUpa pada-prayoga dvArA hI kalaza rUpa paryAya ko prApta huI hai| nimna padyAMza kA sAra yahI hai ki kathanI kA mahattva karanI para hI nirbhara hai : "parvata kI talahaTI se bhI/hama dekhate haiM ki/uttuMga zikhara kA darzana hotA hai,/parantu/caraNoM kA prayoga kiye binA
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________________ 466 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA zikhara kA sparzana / sambhava nahIM hai !" (pR. 10) Ajakala prAya: sabhI 'para' kA mArgadarzaka bananA cAhate haiM kintu svayaM ko patha dikhatA nahIM, kyoMki ve patha para calanA nahIM cAhate / bulanda AvAz2a se tattva - vivecana karane para bhI 'cirAga tale a~dherA' kahAvata ke anusAra svayaM gumarAha ho rahe haiM / isIlie AcArya zrI kA kahanA hai ki pahale kathana ko kArya rUpa dekara svayaM ko Adarza banAo, varanA tumhAre kathana kA koI sAra nahIM nikalegA : : "Aja patha dikhAne vAloM ko / patha dikha nahIM rahA hai, mA~ ! kAraNa vidita hI hai - / jise patha dikhAyA jA rahA hai vaha svayaM patha para calanA cAhatA nahIM, /auroM ko calAnA cAhatA hai aura/ina cAlAka cAlakoM kI saMkhyA anagina hai / " (pR. 152) kumbhakAra ne khAlI bAlaTI ko kUpa meM utaaraa| taba vahA~ ke machalI Adi jIva-jantu AzA ke sAtha usakI ora dekhane lage / bAlaTI jyoM-jyoM nIce utaratI gaI, tyoM-tyoM prANI nirAza ho prANa-rakSA hetu bhAga kara chipa ge| isI prakAra AtmA jaba apanI bAhya dRSTi ko sameTa kara apane meM utarane lagI to kucha kSaNa ke lie jalacara jIvoM ke jaise TakaTakI nigAha se apanI puSTi ke hetu viSaya - kaSAya bhI utsAha se dekhane lage / parantu AtmA apane sahaja siddha zAnta rasa meM nimagna ho apane meM samA jAne lagI to ve viSaya - kaSAya bhI azaraNa jAnakara bhAgane lage arthAt viSaya- kaSAya kA abhAva hotA gayA / yaha padyAMza kevala vacana jAla nahIM hai, adhyAtmavAdI ke lie yaha samaya-sAra hai : " machalI kI zAnta A~kheM / Upara dekhatI haiM / / utaratA huA yAna-sA dikhA, likhA huA thA usa para / " dhammo dayA - visuddho" / tathA "dhammaM saraNaM gacchAmi " / jyoM-jyoM kUpa meM / utaratI gaI bAlaTI tyoM-tyoM nIce, / nIra kI gaharAI meM / jhaTa-paTa cale jAte prANa-rakSaNa hetu / maNDUka Adika anagina / jalIya -jantu / " (pR. 70) do vyaktiyoM meM se eka bhoga meM lipta hai to dUsarA dhyAna meM magna hai| donoM kucha kSaNa bAda saMkalpa-vikalpa se mukta hote haiM para bhogI zava ke samAna jAtA hai to dhyAnI ziva ke samAna / yogI ke sAmane bhogI avAMchanIya ThaharatA hai / kAraNa, bhogI kA jJAna asvastha hai tathA yogI kA jJAna svastha hai / svastha jJAna hI adhyAtma hai / ise pAnA hI jIvana kA lakSya hai / isa udAharaNa se AcAryazrI ne adhyAtmazAstroM kA sAra nikAla kara rakha diyA hai / antarmukhI yogI cidAtmA kA darzana kara Ananda vibhora hotA hai : " isa yuga ke / do mAnava / apane Apa ko / khonA cAhate haiMeka/ bhoga-rAga ko / madya-pAna ko / cunatA hai; aura eka / yoga-tyAga ko / Atma- dhyAna ko / dhunatA hai / kucha hI kSaNoM meM / donoM hote / vikalpoM se mukta / phira kyA kahanA ! / eka zava samAna/nirA par3A hai, / aura eka ziva ke samAna / kharA utarA hai|" (pR. 286) isa prasaMga ko 'mUkamATI' grantha kA siramaura kaheM to koI atyukti nahIM / alaM vistaraNa ! O
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________________ MOOKMATI : An Eminent Epic for Seeker of Truth Manak Chandra Chhabra 'MOOKMATI' is the Hindi Epic composed and invented for the variations of the utility of the soil for its indifference potentiality and perfectness upto the highest peak of climax in defining its qualities by the great dignified personality and angel known as Digamber Jain saint and sage Acharya Sri Vidyasagarji, a Philosopher Poet, a preacher and eminent spiritual devotee engaged in devotion for seeking salvation of the present era for the betterment of human kind and seeker of Reality and Truth. It is the universal law that man is respected by his own virtue, deeds, action and meritorious activities for the noble cause. As such I have to write Hon'ble and respected Acharya Sri Vidyasagarji has prooved all this by his practical life and has put before the world the various aspect of the soil, in various stages and its mode of implications from every angle of version, vision and qualities in the great Epic 'MOOKMATI' with golden words of idioms, poems, poetry with proverbial addition for the learning of man-kind by the media of indifference soil. The Great Epic 'MOOKMATI' grouped under the various heads of marvellous topic taking into consideration the utility of the soil and its reflection on the life of man-kind to mould and divert to achieve the blissful journey of life. It (The Great Epic 'MOOKMATI') consists of sloaks, chhand and talented sayings and proverbs curved into lyric and poetry by the Acharya Sri Vidyasagarji. With the vivid topics more connected with life, Philosophy, Spiritual, ethical and National awakening of human being, it added another link of golden chains to the great scriptures of Indian heritage and philosophy. In nut-shell it may broadly be mentioned with humbleness for the great ocean of wisdom filled in the great Epic 'MOOKMATI' that it appropriately deals and narrates the theories connected with the deliverance and achievement of the highest stage of life, literature and philosophy. Theory of consciousness, culture, heritage and scientific clarification, Theory of creation, Theory of substance, Theory of path of knowledge, Theory of resurrection are the combination of all branches of knowledge and unique in its loftyness, modesty and version. The said Great Epic 'MOOKMATI' can be compared without any motivation but with justification in clear sense with other Epics and will stand to the top of its credit. Several brilliant Scholars, eminent Writers and worthy Academicians have written their valuable thesis on this Great Epic - 'MOOKMATI' and deserves for appreciations, thanks and worthy recognitions. It is also worth to mention that respected saint and sage Acharya Vidyasagarji has no time to write such great epic due to his religious duties of routine life, like meditation, teaching to desciples and to deliver his holy message to the seeker of Truth and peace. More-over in night his holiness Acharya Sri Vidyasagarji doesnot use the light or any worldly things of ease but most of the time devotes in divine duties, divine prayers, meditation and concentrate on the consciousness of soul. Despite all this, with shortage of time how His Holiness utilises his time and courageously has written with keen spirit and speed his valuable thoughts, imaginations, in the splendid way which reflected in the great valuable 'MOOKMATI'.
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________________ 468 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA Un-doubtedly the great Epic 'MOOKMATI' is the precious stone of Indian culture shaped with the diamonds and pearls, and reflected as a mirror for those prudent scholars who loves literatures and have the faith in Indian culture and philosopy. MOOKMATI is a soul stirring poetry of multicoloured splendour with vast range of thoughts and emotions appropriately for its glorious writings, ocean of Wisdom and amp knowledge of emancipation and metaphysics. If MOOKMATI is thoroughly grasped and its preachings are practised in daily life then Humanity can gain safty, security, perfect knowledge of world and worldly affairs, achievement of bliss and eternal goal of emancipation (NIRWAN) through the spiritual renaissance based on the principles of this Great Epic. pRSTha86 aura mahalI karatI hai..... samAdhi ko basadekha skuu| smal
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________________ A Critique on MOOKMATI Prof. Uttam Chand Jain 'Premi' Rev. Jain Saint Vidyasagar's epic 'MOOKMATI' is a unique contribution to occultism and metaphysical poetry. He falls in line with Mahatma Valmiki, Saint Kabir, Jinsen, Mahatma Tulsidas. This poetic epic reveals the spiritual glory of life. It dwells upon the path that can lead a human being to the acme of perfection. This book enshrines the truth of life and the universe. It can lead the inspired readers from the darkness of ignorance to the eternal light of supreme truth. The whole epic is interspired with aphorisms which stick to the readers. The talented poet has made soil (Mati) a simple, downtrodden tormented and insignificant material, the subject matter of his epic. He has given vent to its silent agony and its ardent desire for emancipation in a dramatic way. In the first chapter the saint hints at the truth of life and points out that the essence of life is progress: 66 bahanA hI jIvana hai|" (pR. 2) A true aspirant does not look behind. He always looks ahead: 66 patha para calatA hai/ satpatha - pathika vaha mur3akara nahIM dekhatA / tana se bhI, mana se bhI / " (pR.3) In the dialogues between the Earth and the Soil it is revealed that the potentialities of life are infinite but suitable environment and constant endeavours are required to attain the heights of development, The Earth Says to the Soil: remarks: " "sattA zAzvata hotI hai, beTA !/ prati- sattA meM hotI haiM anagina sambhAvanAyeM / utthAna - patana kI / " (pR. 7) The influence of association plays an important role in moulding the shape and quality of a thing. He says: "jaisI saMgati milatI hai/ vaisI mati hotI hai .. mati jaisI, agrima gati / milatI jAtI milatI jaatii|" (pR. 8) Moreover, sterling faith in oneself is the bedrock of devotion (Sadhana) as the poet 'AsthA ke tAroM para hI / sAdhanA kI a~guliyA~ / calatI haiM sAdhaka kI / " (pR. 9 ) At the same time one should never suffer from inferiority complex. Selfconfidence is the aerodrome where the upward flight of the soul commences. The poet is aware of the realities of life, the journey of which is beset with many hindrances and pitfalls. He inspires the aspirant with the remark:
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________________ 470 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "AyAsa se DaranA nahIM/Alasya karanA nahIM !/kabhI kabhI sAdhanA ke samaya/aisI bhI ghATiyA~/A sakatI haiN...|" (pR.11-12) The poet emphasizes the path of moderation and tolerance and says: "pratikAra kI pAraNA/chor3anI hogI, beTA ! aticAra kI dhAraNA/tor3anI hogI, beTA!" (pR. 12) The Earth says to the Soil that the path leading to the heights of glory and greatness is not smooth, hence, an aspirant should be industrious, self-disciplined and self-confident. To such a person every obstacle proves an impetus for further progress. The Earth adds : "kisI kArya ko sampanna karate samaya anukUlatA kI pratIkSA karanA/sahI puruSArtha nahIM hai|" (pR. 13) In the modern materialistic world few persons have time to think or to talk about selfrealisation or about the omnipotence of Soul or about the creativity of Soul. The Earth says to Soil: "cetana kI isa/sRjana-zIlatA kA/bhAna kise hai ? cetana kI isa/dravaNa-zIlatA kA/jJAna kise hai ? isakI carcA bhI/kauna karatA hai ruci se ?" (pR. 16) Besides, without total self-surrender to the maker (the Supreme Power) salvation cannot be attained. Self-surrender may be defined as the substitution of the Divine will for the human will. The moment the aspirant surrenders to the will of the Supreme Power (here Potter), his actions turn into an inspired and involuntary flow from the Divine, Shakti or Divine will. The Soil is enjoined upon to surrender to the Potter : "samarpaNa-bhAva-sameta/usake sukhada caraNoM meM praNipAta karanA hai tumheN|" (pR. 17) The book 'Mookmati' is the voice of silence, the voice of the saint poet's sublime conscience. It can illumine the path of the true aspirant engaged in search of the supreme truth. The person whose behaviour is inspired by equal vision and harmony attains freedom from vices as the poet remarks : "vicAroM ke aikya se/AcAroM ke sAmya se sampreSaNa meM/nikhAra AtA hai !" (pR. 22) Then the poet throws light on the secret of happiness. True happiness comes from within not from without hence man should be introvert. He should try to realise his inherent powers. To an introvert this ephemeral world appears insignificant. He cares little for the sufferings and turmoils of the world. He knows that happiness emanates from the culmination of sufferings, as
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 471 the poet puts: "pIr3A kI ati hI/pIr3A kI iti hai|" (pR. 33) Then the poet remarks that the person who is taken to sensual pleasures, is engaged in them, e.g. "viSayI sadA/viSaya-kaSAyoM ko hI banAtA/apanA viSaya / " (pR. 37) But only true knowledge of the science of existence can emancipate man from the mesh of illusion (Maya). The quality of mercy is the gist of this knowledge as the poet says: __ "dayA kA honA hI/jIva-vijJAna kA/samyak paricaya hai|" (pR. 37) Moreover, mercy is a quality that beautifies the giver as well as the receiver of mercy. The Saint poet adds that involvement in passions ends in blind attachment while the expansion of the quality of mercy leads one to salvation. The former is horrible as it nips and ruins mans life while the latter revives and glorifies life. Passions make man blind to morality, on the contrary, mercy enlightens man's heart and elevates man above caste, colour and creed : . "vAsanA kA vilAsa/moha hai,/dayA kA vikAsa/mokSa hai|" (pR. 38) 0 "vAsanA kI jIvana-paridhi/acetana hai"tana hai dayA-karuNA niravadhi hai/karuNA kA kendra vaha saMvedana-dharmA'"cetana hai/pIyUSa kA ketana hai|" (pR. 39) Then the poet dwells upon the glories of life in an Ashrama. At an Ashrama man's life is not only maintained but created and sublimated. Here disciples rise above the common plane of life. Here dejected persons receive inspiration, strength and rejuvenation. An Ashrama (the abode of saints and sages) is a source of the gems of wisdom for all whether he is a warrior or a farmer, a scholar or an aspirant, e.g. "saMskArArthI ve/parAmarza pA jAte haiM, yahA~ para |/asi aura maSi ko bhI kRSi aura RSi ko bhI/kucha aise sUtra milate haiN|" (pR. 43) The dialogue of the pebbles (206) and the Potter are very inspiring. The poet has keen insight into the realities of life and the nature of things. He points out that adjustment is the law of a harmonious life. It is the key to co-existence. The saint says: _ "jise apanAyA hai/use/jisane apanAyA hai/usake anurUpa apane guNa-dharma-/"rUpa-svarUpa ko/parivartita karanA hogaa|" (pR.47) Only similarity in appearance is not the criteria of similarity in qualities. For example the milkof the cow and that of 'Aak'-Calotropis Gigantea/calotropis procera (Swallow-Wort) plant are similar in colour but totally different in qualities, hence man should not go by appearances
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________________ 472 :: mUkamAThI-mImAMsA alone (page 48). Then the Potter says to Pebbles that it is a pity that their entity or individuality could not be merged in that of the soil inspite of such a close association. Really stone-hearted persons do not melt with pity even at the sight of grim sufferings : "pASANa-hRdaya avazya hai tumhArA,/dUsaroM kA duHkha-darda/dekhakara bhI nahIM A sakatA kabhI/jise pasInA/hai aisA tumhArA/ "sInA !" (pR. 50) The following lines enshrine the philosophy of Jainism : "laghutA kA tyajana hI/gurutA kA yajana hI/zubha kA sRjana hai / apAra sAgara kA pAra/pA jAtI hai nAva/ho usameM/cheda kA abhAva bhara!" (pR. 51) These lines imply that the secret of attaining glory and greatness is to check the drains of energy and to give up meanness and narrow mindedness. All the senses of man are the drains ofhis energy, hence these should be controlled in order to cross cyle of birth and death (Bhavasagar) or to attain self-realisation. The saint poet compares the person who stands in the way of an aspirant to a glacier which remains static. Neither does such a person know how to proceed nor does he let others to go onwards. "na hI tairanA jAnatA hai/aura/na hI tairanA cAhatA hai / " (pR. 52) Similarly the simile office is very effective. The ice is like the persons who appear to be good but they are trouble creators not trouble eradicators. The poet defines Penance (Tapasya) and makes the soil say that in the fire of Tapasya (penance) man's physical body and mind turn into ashes and man's spirit is sublimated and awakened to supreme consciousness, e. g. "rAkha bane binA/kharA-darzana kahA~ ?" (pR. 57) The saint poet is quite conversant with the philosophy of Yoga and hints at the importance of the controlingofbreathing System (Pranayam/Pranavayu) retention of breathing called 'Kumbhak'. It intensifies man's inner powers (page 59). How practical is the piece of advice rendered to the potter in the lines : "bAta kA prabhAva jaba/bala-hIna hotA hai hAtha kA prayoga taba/kArya karatA hai| aura/hAtha kA prayoga jaba/bala-hIna hotA hai hathiyAra kA prayoga taba/Arya karatA hai / " (pR. 60) The use of the power of weapons is required after the power of words fails. The dialogues between Tongue and Rope reveal to us that frustration and suppression results in violence, while the state of freedom fosters non-violence. The philosopy of Jainism stands for total deliverance of the spirit as the saint poet remarks:
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 473 "nirgrantha dazA meM hI/ahiMsA palatI hai ...hama nirgrantha-pantha ke pathika haiN|" (pR. 64) Moreover, an aspirant should have no prejudices and inhibitions. How effectively the poet has philosophised the simple activities of day to day life, e.g. taking out water from a well with a rope and a bucket. The whole book is replete with aphorisms for instance : D "sAra-hIna vikalpoM se/jIne kI AzA ko viSa hI mila jAtA hai/khAne ke lie|" (pR. 68) ___ "sahadharmI sajAti meM hI/vaira vaimanaska bhAva/paraspara dekhe jAte haiM !" (pR.71) It is a universal truth that people of the similar class or calibre are jealous of each other. One dog resents the presence of another immediately. The poet exposes the present so called pious persons and says that it is the irony of time that now-a-days the flag of piety becomes the cause of violence, the teachings of the scriptures are the means of destruction hence all the prayers sound empty and meaningless, at a particular moment. "kahA~ taka kaheM aba !/dharma kA jhaNDA bhI DaNDA bana jAtA hai/zAstra, zastra bana jAtA hai|" (pR. 73) The poet therefore exhorts the wise to avoid vices and adopt Virtue. The Homeric simile of fish is illustrative of the poet's superb talent of invention. The fish that pursues the path of salvation is hailed by the other fish in the words. "mokSa kI yAtrA/"saphala ho/moha kI mAtrA/"viphala ho|" (pR. 76-77) It is a fact that without detachment man carinot attain salvation. The saint-poet's sense of amity and goodwill finds expression in the words of the fish: "yahI merI kAmanA hai/ki/AgAmI chorahIna kAla meM basa isa ghaTa meM/kAma nA rahe !" (pR. 77) 0 "...sAmya-samatA hI/merA bhojana ho/sadoditA sadollasA/merI bhAvanA ho, dAnava-tana dhara/mAnava-mana para/hiMsA kA prabhAva nA ho,/divi meM, bhU meM bhUgarbho meM/jiyA-dharma kI/dayA-dharma kI/prabhAvanA ho!" (pR. 77-78) Thus the poet wishes that in the entrie Universe love, compassion, nonviolence, quality, harmony, amity and goodwill should prevail. The visionary poet has perceived that when man's mind grows waveless and body inert, he can perceive the supreme truth. "spandana-hIna mativAlI huI hai/svabhAva kA darzana huA, ki kriyA kA abhAva huA-sA/lagatA hai aba..!" (pR.78)
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________________ 474 :: HH-IHIHI The Saint poet, although an ascetic is not indiffenent to the gist of the present age of moral decadence. At present all moral values have vanished from the world. Inhumanity reigns supreme. Money has become the most coveted commodity to man. He hankers after it like a rabbit. He remarks: "i gosta a TT / T 49EUR A 17 1199 " (q.CP) In the words of 'Mati' in The era of sins (Kaliyuga) all that is bad appears attractive to people. In fact The era of truth (Satyuga) and 'Kaliyuga' are two mental attitudes. When people are busy pursuing the truth it is 'satyuga' and the Vice versa (page 83). 'Satyuga' stands for love, amity and goodwill while 'Kaliyuga' for nescience, untruth, dissension and evil. In the words of Mati : "kali kI A~khoM meM/bhrAnti kA tamasa hI/gaharAtA hai sadA 3it/Ha a stat #/mp T HTH ET/ETATE HETI" (q.c8) Thus the dialogues of the Fish and Mati (Soil) hint at the eternal varities of life. Mati defines "Sallekhana' and says that it involves the process of enfeebling the body and stifling the passions that lie there-in. When senses are weakened all the vices and passions are stifled. While performing this penance the aspirant should remain indifferent to pain and pleasure. This attitude of aloofness is called Sallekhana (page 87). Purity of heart or innocence is the bedrock of the state of Samadhi as the Mati puts : "31 yal, azt/HTLH HEMA 671,461 Hafe oor I" (q.cc) The words 'uifana grl', i.e. mercy is true Religion embody the gist of Dharma'. Thus the very first chapter of Mook Mati' enshrines the gist of 'Dharma' and eternal verities of life. The style of the poet is remarkable for lucidity of diction, picturesqueness, vivid imagery, effective use of similes, metaphors and alliteration. The poet is an extra-ordinary sage. He is visionary, a prophet and inspired soul. This book is a scripture which will serve as a beacon light to mankind groping in the darkness of ignorance. pRSTha 71 use THAT GTCT-potta: --- DIAM kavalita roMge Tama
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________________ 'mUkamATI': sAdhanAcI anubhUti lAlacandra harizcandra jaina bhAratIya jJAnapIThAne 1988 sAlI pa.pU. AcArya vidyAsAgara racita 'mUkamATI' hA kAvyagraMtha prakAzita kelA Ahe. AcArya vidyAsAgara he digambara jaina sAdhu Aheta. ratnatraya sAdhanArata asalyAmuLe 'mUkamATI' he kAvya sukhada sAdhanecyA anubhUtIne otaprota Ahe. mhaNUna adhyAtmA viSayI he kAvya 'mUka' nAhI. AtmasAdhane viSayI "sva kI upalabdhi hI sarvopalabdhi hai" (pR.340) ase sAMgaNAre he kAvya mUka kase bare hoU zakela ? citravicitra jaDa jagAkaDe kAnADoLA karaNAre "adhyAtma svAdhIna nayana hai" (pR.288) heca khare / amuka mhaNaje kAMhI, aMdAje, anumAnAne asA artha nAhI. anumAnAne tasA artha kADhU naye. mAtIsArakhyA tuccha vastulA kavitecA viSaya banavaNe vizeSa Ahe ase kAhI jaNa mhaNatIla paNa sAdhyAhI viSayAMta moThA Azaya zodhaNAr2yA kavimanAcyA bhUmIcyA mAtIce tuccha hA guNa nAhI. avaDhe khare kI kavitecA viSaya mAtI nivaDaNe hI svayaM prakAzI kalpanA Ahe kavi AcAryAMnI mAtIce boTa dharuna kAvyAnaMdApAsUna AtmAnaMdAparyaMtacA pravAsa rasika manAlA ghaDavilA Ahe. mhaNUna "nirantara sAdhanA kI yAtrA/bheda se abheda kI ora/...bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI cAhie'(pR.267) asA nirvALA dilA Ahe. AcArya kavizreSTha' Aheta kI 'zreSTha kavi' Aheta ? nikaSa kAya lAvAve ? hI carcA vyartha Ahe, kAraNa tyAhI puDhace eka pAUla mhaNaje AcArya vidyAsAgara he 'santa kavi' Aheta . " 'sva' meM ramaNa karanA/sahI jJAna kA 'phala'' (pR. 375) / hA saMta kavicA saMdeza hoU zakato. svata: svAzrita svataMtra jIvana jagUna "svAzrita jIvana jiyA karo" (pR.387) ase saMta kavIca samarthapaNe mhaNU zakatAta. cAra moThamoThyA khaMDAta ANi 488 pAnAta nibaddha kAvya pAhile kI, AcArya zIghra kavi Aheta he paTate, paNa te zIghrakavipekSAhI 'sahaja kavi' jAsta zobhatAta. kavizreSTha padavIsAThI zIghra pekSA 'sahaja' nikaSa lAvaNe adhika yogya. zIghra kavitvAmuLe zabdAMcI pAyaghaDI pasarU zakate, kalpanAMcI navheM! kalpanAMcyA pAyaghaDIvarUna cAlatAMnA komalatecA anubhava yeto tara kevaLa zabdAMcyA pAyaghaDI khAlI nirasatece kATe asU zakatAta. sahaja kavi naisargika kiMvA svAbhAvika vATato. AtmasAdhanArata munivaryAMnI ApalyA kAvyAtUna avadhya AdhyAtmika pravRttI disalI tara navala nAhI. "sahajasAkSI bhAva se, basa/saba kucha saMvedita hai" (pR.251); "prabhu se artha kI mA~ga karanA bhI/vyartha hai nA !"(pR.253); "artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatIM"(pR.192) yA oLI adhyAtma sAMgaNAr2yA Aheta. adhyAtmAmadhye dona goSTI yetAta, eka mithyAtvarAgAdi samasta vikalpa samUhAcA tyAga ANi dusarI nijazuddhAtmyAce anuSThAna. rAgAdityAgAcI puSTIkaraNAr2yA yA oLI pahA : "...ahaMkAra ko santoSa kahA~ ?"(pR.339); "binA santoSa, jIvana sadoSa hai" (pR.339); "asaMyamI saMyamI ko kyA degA ?"(pR.269); "pApa-pAkhaNDa para prahAra karo" (pR.243); "bhoga-lIna bhoktA ko bhI/tRpta nahIM kara pAtI haiM" (pR.264); " 'maiM' yAnI ahaM ko/dogalA-kara do samApta"(pR. 175); "rAga-roSa Adi vaibhAvika/adhyavasAna kA kAraNa hai'(pR.161). adhyAtmAcI sRSTi karaNAr2yA yA oLI pahA : "sva kI yAda hI/sva-dayA hai"(pR. 38); "ho apanA, lo,apanAlo use!''(pR.124); "apanA svAmI Apa hai''(pR.185); "dama sukha hai, sukha kA srota''(pR.102); "apane Apa meM bhAvita honA hI/mokSa kA dhAma hai" (pR.109-110); "parama-kendra kI ora dekhane se/cetana kA jatana hotA
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________________ 476 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA hai"(pR.162); "adhyAtma nirAyudha hotA hai/ sarvathA stabdha - nirvicAra !" (pR. 289). mAtI hI kSullaka vastu nAhI. yA kAvyAta 'mAtI' hI vikAsonmukha mAnavIM svabhAvAcI pAradarzI pratimA Ahe. caDhatyA kramAne vikAsa mAMDatAnA saMtakavice bhAvavizva vAr2yAsArakhe gANe hoUna sudUra pasarate "isa paryAya kI / iti kaba hogI ? / ... batA do, mA~ ise !" (pR. 5). mAtIce he aMtaraMga svara vikAsAkaDIla vATacAla dAkhaviNAre Aheta tara "kucha upAya karo mA~ ! /... pada do, patha do / pAtheya bhI do mA~ ! " (pR. 5) yA zabdAtUna utsuka manAce darzana hote . taLamaLa vyakta karaNAre he zabda Aheta. vikAsAsAThI kaSTa jhelAve lAgatAta. unnati sahajAsahajI hota nAhI. " iti ke binA/atha kA darzana asambhava !" (pR.33) azA oLI heca sucavitAta. vikAsa, utkarSa, devAdhIna nAhI, daivAdhIna nAhI. "yatanA ghora karanA hogA / tabhI kahIM cetana - AtmA / kharA utaregA " (pR. 57) yA oLI purUSArthAce mahattva sAMgaNAr2yA Aheta. [' zrAvikA' marAThI - mAsika, solApura - mahArASTra, julAI - 1992] ka pRSTha 28 hA~! aba zilpI ne ahaMkAra kA vamana kiyA hai! 0
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : Adhunika hindI kAvya jagat kI anUThI kRti lAdUlAla jaina AcArya vidyAsAgara darzana evaM adhyAtma jagat ke eka jyotirmaya ratna haiN| karnATaka ke eka grAma meM janmA bAlaka vidyAdhara, muni jJAnasAgara rUpI pArasa patthara kA sparza pAkara vidyAsAgara rUpI svarNa bana gayA / dhanya haiM ve AcArya jJAnasAgara, jinhoMne bAIsa varSIya yuvA muni vidyAsAgara ko cAra varSa taka apanI jJAna gaMgA meM avagAhana karAkara AcArya vidyAsAgara ke rUpa meM pravAhita kara diyaa| Aja ve AcArya vidyAsAgara apane jJAna aura cAritra se jana-jana ko prabhAvita kara sahasroM yuvA-yuvatiyoM ko ratnatraya ke pAvana mArga para lagAte hue sva-para-kalyANa meM tallIna haiN| yogya guru se prApta samyak jJAna, cAritra ko yogya ziSya ne zataguNI dhArAoM meM pravAhita kara diyA hai / AcArya vidyAsAgara jahA~ eka ora khyAti, lAbha, pUjA evaM ADambara se dUra rahakara ratnatraya mArga para ArUr3ha raha AtmakalyANa kara rahe haiM, vahA~ dUsarI ora ve apanI anupama sAhityika racanAoM se hindI aura saMskRta sAhitya ke bhaNDAra ko bhara rahe haiN| mUlata: kannar3a bhASI hone para bhI unhoMne hindI evaM saMskRta meM aneka ucca starIya racanAe~ kI haiN| 'narmadA kA narama kaMkara, 'DUbo mata lagAo DubakI, 'totA kyoM rotA ?', 'mUkamATI' Adi unakI hindI meM anUThI kAvya racanAe~ haiN| 'samayasAra', 'pravacanasAra', 'niyamasAra', 'samaNa suttaM' Adi granthoM ke hindI padyAnuvAda unhoMne kie haiM / saMskRta evaM hindI meM aneka zatakoM kI unhoMne racanA kI haiN| unake pravacanoM ke aneka nAmoM se saMkalana prakAzita ho cuke haiN| unakI lekhanI nirantara gatizIla hai / unakI racanAoM meM zIrSa sthAna prApta racanA 'mUkamATI' hindI kAvya sAhitya meM eka anupama upalabdhi hai / ise mahAkAvya, khaNDakAvya athavA pratIka kAvya kahA jAe yA anya kucha, yaha kAvya marmajJoM kA viSaya hai / mahAkAvya ke samasta lakSaNa bhale hI isameM ghaTita nahIM hote para yaha mahAkAvya se kisI bhI prakAra kama nahIM hai / 488 pRSThoM kA yaha vizAla kAvya mahAkAvya, khaNDakAvya, muktaka kAvya, gItikAvya Adi sabhI ke guNoM ko apane meM samAe hue hai, yadi aisA kahA jAe to atyukti nahIM hogI / mahAkAvya ke prArambha meM tathA pratyeka mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA ke prArambha meM jisa prakAra prakRti citraNa hotA hai, vaha 'mUkamATI' meM bhI aneka ghaTanAoM kI pRSThabhUmi meM hai / eka citra prArambha meM hI dekhie : " sImAtIta zUnya meM / nIlimA bichAI, aura " ...idhara nIce / nirI nIravatA chAI, nizA kA avasAna ho rahA hai / uSA kI aba zAna ho rahI hai|" (pR. 1 ) kumbhakAra jaba miTTI lene nadI taTa para jAtA hai, taba saritA kI suSamA dekhie : "idhara*** saritA meM / laharoM kA bahAvA hai, / cA~dI kI AbhA ko jItatI, upahAsa karatI-sI / anagina phUloM kI / anagina mAlAyeM tairatI- tairatI / taTa taka A / samarpita ho rahI haiM mATI ke caraNoM meM, / saritA se prerita ve / " (pR. 19-20 ) isa prakAra aneka sthala prakRti-citraNa se bhare par3e haiN|
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________________ 478 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA mahAkAvya meM prayukta hone vAle nava rasoM kI vyAkhyA bar3e sundara rUpa meM 'mUkamATI' meM kI gaI hai| yahA~ sabhI rasoM kI paripUrNatA karuNa tathA zAnta rasa meM pradarzita kI gaI hai| mahAkAvya meM kisI mahattvapUrNa paurANika, aitihAsika athavA sAmAjika ghaTanA ko pramukha viSaya banAyA jAtA hai| koI mahApuruSa usakA nAyaka hotA hai / pramukha ghaTanA ke atirikta anya aneka ghaTanAe~ tathA aneka vyakti usameM gumphita rahate haiN| para 'mUkamATI' meM nirdhArita paramparA ko chor3akara mATI jaisI mUka, tuccha, padadalita vastu ko kAvya kI viSayavastu banAkara dArzanika, AdhyAtmika, naitika, sAmAjika dharAtala kI U~cAiyoM para use pahu~cAyA gayA hai| isa kAvya ke nAyaka, nAyikA, khalanAyaka kauna haiM, kAvya kA gantavya kyA hai, phala-prApti kise hotI hai - Adi prazna bar3e jaTila haiM / moTe taura para kahA jAe to mATI nAyikA hai, kumbhakAra nAyaka / phala-prApti hai mATI se nirmita maMgala ghaTa dvArA gurudeva kA seTha dvArA pAda-prakSAlana / para yaha saba sthUla stara para hI kahA jA sakatA hai| dhArmika stara para nAyaka to guru hI haiM, jinake bhI ArAdhya haiM arahanta deva, jo guru ke lie bhI antima nAyaka haiN| kAvya kA kathAnaka saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai - kumbhakAra dvArA khadAna se AdarapUrvaka miTTI khodakara ghara lAyA jAnA, usakA kaMkar3a Adi nikAlakara zuddha kiyA jAnA, zuddha chane-prAsuka jala se use bhigoyA jAnA, cAka cakra Adi se kumbhakAra dvArA usakA ghaTa nirmita kiyA jAnA, ghaTa ko sukhAyA jAkara avA meM pakAyA jAnA, pakane para use kalAtmaka rUpa diyA jAnA, seTha ke bhRtya dvArA use le jAyA jAnA, seTha dvArA ghaTa ko maMgala kalaza ke rUpa meM sthApita kara navadhA bhakti ke antargata guruvarya ke caraNa kamaloM kA prakSAlana / isa ghaTanA cakra ke antargata aneka ghaTanAoM tathA pAtroM kA ghAta-pratighAta huA hai / ghaTanA-cakra meM aneka prasaMga svAbhAvika rUpa se avatarita hote cale gae haiN| mATI, dharatI, kumbhakAra, seTha, maMgala kalaza Adi uttama pAtroM ke dhairya, kSamA, sahiSNutA, kIrti Adi ko na sahanakara kaMkara, zUla, samudra, megha, svarNa kalaza, maNi-muktA unase dveSa karate haiM tathA unake mArga meM aneka bAdhAe~ upasthita karate haiM, para ve antata: parAjita hote haiN| anta meM satya kI asatya para, puNya kI pApa para, dharma kI adharma para tathA nIti kI anIti para vijaya hotI hai, jo isa kAvya kA eka pramukha viSaya hai| 'mUkamATI' meM AcAryazrI ne aneka dArzanika siddhAntoM kA bhI vivecana kiyA hai / sRSTi kA kartA kauna hai, pratyeka kArya kA kartA kauna hai, upAdAna-nimitta kA kyA svarUpa hai, kyA jaina dharma nAstika hai, hiMsA-ahiMsA kyA hai, syAdvA-anekAnta kyA hai-ityAdi viSayoM kA sarala, kAvyAtmaka DhaMga se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| ina sabake pIche AcAryazrI kA uddezya rahA hai prANI kI suSupta caitanya zakti ko jAgRta kara, use zuddha banAkara parama vItarAga aura sarvajJa banAnA / eka ni:spRhI tathA vItarAga mArga ke sAdhaka isa santa ke anubhavoM para AdhArita samAdhAnoM ko yadi apanAyA jAya to Aja kA santapta mAnava tathA samAja zAnti prApta kara sakatA hai tathA vaha eka aise vizva kA nirmANa kara sakatA hai, jisameM : "yahA~ saba kA sadA/jIvana bane maMgalamaya/chA jAve sukha-chA~va, sabake saba TaleM-/amaMgala-bhAva,/saba kI jIvana latA harita-bharita viha~sita ho/guNa ke phUla vilasita hoN|" (pR. 478) racanAkAra ne saiddhAntika viSayoM ko sarala kAvyAtmaka zailI meM prastuta kiyA hai / 'utpAda-vyaya-dhauvya' kA pratipAdana dekhie : "AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai/AnA yAnI janana-utpAda hai
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________________ hai| dekhie : niyati aura puruSArtha kI vivecanA dekheM : jAnA yAnI maraNa - vyaya hai / lagA huA yAnI sthira - dhrauvya hai aura/ hai yAnI cira-sat / yahI satya hai yahI tathya..!" (pR. 185) "6 ''ni' yAnI nija meM ho / 'yati' yAnI yatana - sthiratA hai apane meM lIna honA hI niyati hai / nizcaya se yahI yati hai, aura / 'puruSa' yAnI AtmA-paramAtmA hai 'artha' yAnI prAptavya - prayojana hai / AtmA ko chor3akara saba padArthoM ko vismRta karanA hI / sahI puruSArtha hai / " (pR. 349) upAdAna-nimitta ke bahucarcita viSaya kI vyAkhyA dekhie: jaina darzana syAdvAda, anekAnta ko jIvana meM mahattva detA hai| ina donoM ko apanAne se hI jIvana samasyAoM kA samucita samAdhAna mila sakatA hai| donoM kI sarala, sIdhI vyAkhyA dekhie : O mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 479 O "upAdAna kAraNa hI / kArya meM DhalatA hai /yaha akATya niyama hai, kintu / usake Dhalane meM / nimitta kA sahayoga bhI Avazyaka hai, ise yU~ kaheM to aura uttama hogA ki / upAdAna kA koI yahA~ para para - mitra hai to vaha / nizcaya se nimitta hai / jo apane mitra kA nirantara niyamita rUpa se / gantavya taka sAtha detA hai / " (pR. 481 ) 66 ''hI' aura 'bhI'.... / ye donoM bIjAkSara haiM, apane-apane darzana kA pratinidhitva karate haiM / 'hI' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai / 'bhI' anekAnta, syAdvAda kA pratIka / hama hI saba kucha haiM / yU~ kahatA hai 'hI' sadA, tuma to tuccha, kucha nahIM ho ! / aura, / 'bhI' kA kahanA hai ki hama bhI haiM / tuma bhI ho/ saba kucha ! / 'hI' dekhatA hai hIna dRSTi se para ko 'bhI' dekhatA hai samIcIna dRSTi se saba ko, /'hI' vastu kI zakla ko hI pakar3atA hai 'bhI' vastu ke bhItarI bhAga ko bhI chUtA hai|" (pR. 172-73) "prabhu se prArthanA hai, ki / 'hI' se hIna ho jagat yaha abhI ho yA kabhI bhI ho / 'bhI' se bheMTa sabhI kI ho / " (pR. 173) isI prakAra hiMsA-ahiMsA, dAna, dAtA, pAtra ke guNoM kA, dayA Adi kA vivecana bhI sarala zailI meM kiyA gayA 'mUkamATI' meM jIvana O samyak rUpeNa jIne ke lie sthAna-sthAna para sarala sUtra die gae haiN| kucha sUtra "AsthA ke binA AcaraNa meM / Ananda AtA nahIM, A sakatA nahIM / " (pR. 120 )
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________________ 480 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 0 "parISaha-upasarga ke binA kabhI/svarga aura apavarga kI upalabdhi na huI, na hogI/traikAlika satya hai yaha !" (pR. 266) - "AdhA bhojana kIjie/duguNA pAnI pIva / / tiguNA zrama cauguNI ha~sI/varSa savA sau jIva !" (pR. 133) "Amada kama, kharcA z2yAdA/lakSaNa hai miTa jAne kA kUbata kama, gussA z2yAdA/lakSaNa hai piTa jAne kaa|" (pR. 135) 0 "lakSmaNa-rekhA kA ullaMghana (maryAdA kA ullaMghana) rAvaNa ho yA sItA/rAma hI kyoM na hoM/daNDita karegA hii|" (pR. 217) Aja ke pramukha mahattvapUrNa viSayoM para, yathA- samAja meM nArI kA sthAna, prajAtantra, AtaMkavAda, sTAra-vAra Adi kI bhI spaSTa vivecanA isa kAvya meM huI hai| samAjavAda kA samyaka rUpa dekhie : "prazasta AcAra-vicAra vAloM kA/jIvana hI samAjavAda hai| samAjavAda samAjavAda cillAne mAtra se/samAjavAdI nahIM bnoge|" (pR. 461) isI prakAra AtaMkavAda ke kAraNa ke viSaya meM ullekha huA hai : "yaha bAta nizcita hai ki/mAna ko TIsa pahu~cane se hI, AtaMkavAda kA avatAra hotA hai|/ati-possnn yA atizoSaNa kA bhI yahI pariNAma hotA hai,/taba/jIvana kA lakSya banatA hai, zodha nahIM, badale kA bhAva "pratizodha !/jo ki/mahA-ajJAnatA hai, dUradarzitA kA abhAva para ke lie nahIM,/apane lie bhI ghAtaka !'(pR. 418) Aja artha (dhana) kI prApti hI mAnavoM kA ekamAtra dhyeya banA huA hai parantu artha kA sahI mUlya A~kane vAle kama hI haiN| artha ke sambandha meM racanAkAra kA mantavya hai : "dhana kA apane Apa meM mUlya/kucha bhI nahIM hai| mUla-bhUta padArtha hI/mUlyavAna hotA hai |/dhn koI mUlabhUta vastu hai hI nahIM dhana kA jIvana parAzrita hai/para ke lie hai, kAlpanika ! hA~ ! hA~ !!/dhana se anya vastuoM kA/mUlya A~kA jA sakatA hai vaha bhI AvazyakatAnusAra/kabhI adhika kabhI hIna aura kabhI aupacArika,/aura yaha saba/dhanikoM para AdhArita hai| dhanika aura nirdhana-/ye donoM/vastu ke sahI-sahI mUlya ko svapna meM bhI nahIM A~ka sakate,/kAraNa,/dhana-hIna dIna-hIna hotA hai prAyaH aura/dhanika vaha/viSayAndha, madAdhIna !!" (pR. 307-308 )
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 481 use kyA prayojana jar3a zRMgAroM se !" (pR. 139) 0 "duHsvara ho yA susvara/sAre svara nazvara haiN|" (pR. 143) 0 "svara na hI dhyeya hai, na upAdeya/svara na hI ameya hai, na sudhA-peya sAdhaka yaha jAna le bhalI-bhA~ti !" (pR. 144) ANi zevaTI kavI mhaNato - kI yA nazvara jIvanAmadhye - "saba rasoM kA anta honA hI-/zAnta-rasa hai|"(pR.160) hI kavitA caitanya ANi jIvanakalA yA donahI Azaya pradezAMcA ThAva gheNArI Ahe. deharUpa-nyAhALatA, nyAhALatA ekA parabrahmAce bALarUpa pahANArI hI svAnaMdamayI kavitA Ahe. sva-svarUpAce, sva-svarUpA paryaMta neNAr2yA vATA dAkhaviNArI vaibhava saMpanna kavitA Ahe. pratyeka mANasAcyA manAmadhye azAMtatece vAdaLa ghoMghAvate Ahe. va aseca vAdaLa yA lekhakAcyA manAtahI yevUna gele asAve.paNa tyA vAdaLAlA te dizA detAta va tyAMnA he mahAkAvya sucate. mhaNUnaca hI kavitA sarva azAMta manAcI pratinidhika abhivyaktI Tharate yAcI carcA karatAnA kavi mhaNato : "he svAmin!/samagra saMsAra hI/duHkha se bharapUra hai,/yahA~ sukha hai, para vaiSayika/aura vaha bhI kSaNika!/ yaha to 'anubhUta huA hameM,/parantu/akSaya sukha para/vizvAsa ho nahIM rahA hai|" (pR. 484-485) yApuDhe jAvUna suMdara ase AdhyAtmika darzana lekhakAne kAvyAtUna ghaDavile Ahe. darzana ANi adhyAtma yAtIla sUkSma paNa, nizcita pharaka kavIne puDhIla paMktItUna mAMDalA Ahe. "kyA darzana aura adhyAtma/eka jIvana ke do pada haiM ? ...darzana kA srota-mastaka hai,/svastika se aMkita hRdaya se adhyAtma kA jharanA jharatA hai| ...adhyAtma svAdhIna nayana hai/darzana parAdhIna upanayana ...kabhI satya-rUpa kabhI asatya rUpa/hotA hai darzana, jabaki adhyAtma sadA satya-cidrUpa hI/bhAsvata hotA hai| ...darzana kA Ayudha zabda hai-vicAra/adhyAtma nirAyudha hotA hai sarvathA stabdha - nirvicAra !" (pR. 287-289) mAtI va kuMbha hI ekaca pratimA sarva kavitA madhye vAparUna pratyeka viSayAvaracI anubhutI vegaLI rAkhalI gelI Ahe. mATI va kuMbha heca hyA kAvyAnubhavAce mAdhyama Ahe. kAhI ThikANI urdU zabda prayogAcA yogya prabhAvahI lekhakAvara jhAlelA disato. asAca eka urdu prabhAvAcA prayatna karatAnA kavI mhaNato : "jaba havA kAma nahIM karatI/taba davA kAma karatI hai, aura jaba davA kAma nahIM karatI/taba duA kAma karatI hai| parantu,/jaba duA bhI kAma nahIM karatI/taba kyA rahA zeSa ? ...yaha jo cetanA hai-/svayaMbhuvA kAma karatI hai|" (pR. 241-242) rojacyA jIvanAtIla avalokanAtIla sAmAnya viSayAtUna moThA Azaya deNyAcA samarpaka prayatna ANi kimayA yA lekhakAne kelI Ahe. kuMbha hAtAta ghevUna,vikata gheNArA kuMbhAvara AvAja kADhato. ANi tyAtUna 'sA-re-ga-ma-pa
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________________ 482 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA dha-ni' asA AvAja nighato ase kavilA vATate. yA 'sA-re-ga-ma' baddala kavi vizleSaNa karato ANi mhaNato : "sA re ga ma yAnI/sabhI prakAra ke duHkha pa"dha yAnI ! pada-svabhAva/aura/ni yAnI nahIM duHkha AtmA kA svabhAva - dharma nahIM ho sktaa|" (pR. 305) mRdaMgAcyA AvAjA saMbaMdhI kavIcA kalpanA vilAsa va tyAtUna nighaNAr2yA 'dhA dhin dhin 'dhA...'hyA svarAbaddala kavI mhaNato : "dhA "dhina dhin "dhA"/dhAdhina dhindhA '.. vetana-bhinnA, cetana-bhinnA,/tA"tina tina tA'.. tA"tina "tina "tA/kA tana' "cintA, kA tana' "cintA ?" (pR. 306) kavIne sAhityAcI carcA karatAnA 'sAhitya' yA zabdAcA anvayArtha puDhIla oLItUna prabhAvIpaNe mAMDalA Ahe : "hita se jo yukta - samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai aura/sahita kA bhAva ho/sAhitya bAnA hai, artha yaha huA ki/jisa ke avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava - sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai / " (pR. 111) jaina darzanAtIla ucca koTIcA zabda 'nigraMtha' yA nigraMtha avasthebaddala carcA karatAMnA kavi mhaNato : "aba rassI pUchatI hai rasanA se/jijJAsA kA bhAva le-/ki Apake svAmI ko kyA bAdhA thI/isa gA~Tha se ? so rasanA rahasya kholatI hai:/'suna rI rassI!/mere svAmI saMyamI haiM hiMsA se bhayabhIta/aura/ahiMsA hI jIvana hai unkaa| ...hamArI upAsya-devatA/ahiMsA hai/aura/jahA~ gA~Tha-granthi hai/vahA~ nizcita hI hiMsA chalatI hai| ...nirgrantha dazA meM hI/ahiMsA palatI hai|" (pR. 63-64) AratyA, aSTake, jayamAlA, dhArmika-gIta yetheparyaMtaca jaina kavitecA racanA prakAra hotA ANi ekA viziSTa kAraNAne lihilI gelelI kAvye pracalita hotI. paNa AcArya vidyAsAgarAMnI tI sAhityika saMkucitatA soDUna yA jaina kavitelA navIna aviSkAra dilA Ahe. ApalyA mahAkAvyAcyA rUpAne adhyAtmika kavitA navIna rUpAne. tyAcyA AtmyAnizI bhAratIya zAradecyA bhUmIta rUjaviNyAce zreya yA vidyAsAgarAMnA dyAyalA have. 'mUkamATI' yA sAhitya kRtIbaddala yA dezAcI mAtI hI marAThI jaina sAhitya pariSada ANi Ajace he marAThI jaina sAhitya saMmelana (sAMgalI, mahArASTra, DIseMbara-1990)- ciraRNI rAhIla, tyA tapopUta vidyAsAgarAlA'. [ 'jaina bodhaka' (marAThI-mAsika), solApUra-mahArASTra meM prakAzita]
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________________ jisa ama-darA se dazana milAjisa bhAsadAsa - manilA - - tattvAMsa. jisane rasaka) liyA usake sohI samayamA 3 bhayo bhani 2 -MA nAra. aHi46411 pada 04 4404) 30124f-guruvara guja-arapAya Mp4 pAcana-kara-kara parosa205se. bhaka bhArata -sujalakAsamA 201381 - sarakAravira parI manokAyA maThiyA - me bhajanakA atha 31 aura me 2011 pUNa vaya huA samana saradara banA jaba gaja25 ) 'mUkamATI' racayitA kI hastalipi saujanya se : zrI abhinandana sAMdhelIya, pATana (jabalapura)
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________________ pariziSTa : prathama AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara : vyaktitva, jIvana-darzana aura racanA-saMsAra AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI khaNDa eka : vyaktitva kA vikAsa aura usakA paricaya vyaktitva vyakti kA sarvasva hai, jisa para AtmavAdI cintana ke Aloka meM to vicAra kiyA hI jAtA haivijJAna ke zAkhA vizeSa manovijJAna ke Aloka meM bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai / vijJAna vyAvahArika sattA para hI vicAra karatA hai, kAraNa vaha apane pariniSThita jJAna kA aindriya pratyakSa se satyApana karatA hai / pAramArthika sattA yA sattA ke pAramArthika pakSa kA parIkSaNa yA jAnakArI usakI prakriyA meM hai hI nhiiN| manovijJAna vyakti ke vyaktitva ko pariveza aura anuvaMza ke guNana kA pratiphala mAnatA hai, AtmavAdI usakI sambhAvanAoM ko aparimeya batAtA hai - ve Izvaratva paryavasAyinI haiN| isIlie mAnA gayA hai : "naratvaM durlabhaM loke"| manovijJAna mAnatA hai ki "vyaktitva vyakti ke vyavahAra kI vaha vyApaka vizeSatA hai jo usake vicAroM aura unako pragaTa karane ke DhaMga, usakI abhivRtti aura ruci, kArya karane ke usake DhaMga aura jIvana ke prati usake vyaktigata dArzanika dRSTikoNa se prakaTa hotI hai" (rAbarTa esa. vuddvrth)| vyaktitva zArIrika manovijJAna aura sAmAjika manovijJAna kA saMgamasthala hai / inakA milana kabhI-kabhI vaicArika dvandva khar3A kara detA hai / eka pakSa kahatA hai ki vyaktitva ke nirmANa meM kevala jaivika tattva kAma karate haiM, jabaki dUsarA sAmAjika tattvoM kI balapUrvaka duhAI detA hai| sAmAjika tattvoM ke mUla meM vaMzAnukrama aura pariveza kA prabhAva sammilita hai aura zArIrika kAraNa vaMzAnukrama aura pariveza-donoM kA pariNAma ho sakatA hai| abhiprAya yaha ki kisI ke vyaktitva para vicAra karate samaya vaMzAnukrama aura pariveza kA dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hai| donoM kI paraspara antaHkriyA bhI isa sandarbha meM ullekhya haiN| vaMzAnakrama se jo saMskAra milate haiM, pariveza meM unakA vikAsa hotA hai| AtmavAdI jaina mAnate haiM ki jIva cinmaya hai / jJAna usakA sAkSAt lakSaNa hai| vaha nisargata: anantajJAna viziSTa hai| usameM ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta sukha tathA ananta vIrya jaise ananta catuSTaya svabhAvata: vidyamAna haiM, para kaSAyajanya paudgalika karmoM se AvRta haiM / tapa aura dhyAna se karmoM kA saMvara aura nirjarA ho jAtI hai / isa prakAra manovijJAna kevala vyAvahArika vyaktitva kA aura AtmavAda pAramArthika svarUpa kA vicAra karatA hai| manovijJAna mAnava vyaktitva ko anuvaMza aura pariveza kA guNanaphala mAnakara sImA banAtA hai, AtmavAda ina sabako AtmasAt kara aura Upara jAtA hai aura use aparimeya nirUpita karatA huA jor3a-guNA kI sImA se ekadama pare uThA le jAtA hai / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke vyaktitva yA unake svabhAva ke ubhayavidha rUpoM para hama vicAra kreNge| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kA AnuvAMzika paricaya loka meM mAnava-janma kI upalabdhi durlabha hai kyoMki mAnavetara yoniyoM meM una aparimeya UrdhvagAminI sambhAvanAoM kA dvAra anAvRta nahIM hotA jo isa yoni meM hotA hai| para yaha sambhAvanA upalabdhi tabhI banatI hai jaba vidyA dhAryamANa hotI hai| patA nahIM kina ajJAta kAraNoM se mAtA-pitA ne vandyapAda zizu kA nAmakaraNa 'vidyAdhara' kiyA, para nAma tapa, dhyAna aura zAstraniSThApUrvaka arjita vidyA se anvartha bana gyaa| vidvAn ho mAnava aura usameM sarjanAtmaka kavitva kA udaya ho to sone meM sugandha kI sthiti A jAtI hai, para kavitA bhI kavitA taba hotI hai jaba pratibhAnurUpa zakti vidyamAna ho| AcAryazrI meM ye sAre pakSa apanI garimA meM uccatama zikhara taka pahu~ce hue haiN| ThIka hI kahA hai :
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________________ 484 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA " naratvaM durlabhaM loke vidyA tatra sudurlabhA / kavitvaM durlabhaM loke zaktistatra sudurlabhA / / " bhaviSNu AcArya kA dharAdhAma para avataraNa karnATaka prAnta ke belagAma jilA ke antargata sadalagA grAma ke nikaTavartI nagara 'cikkor3I' meM vikrama saMvat 2003 kI zarada pUrNimA, 10 akTUbara, 1946, bRhaspativAra ko lagabhaga ardharAtri ko huA thA / dizAe~ aneka haiM, para vAstavika aura mahanIya dizA to vahI prAcI hai jisake garbha se sUryodaya hotA hai / zrImatI zrImatIjI aSTage aisI hI prAcI dizA thIM jisake garbha meM vidyAdhara prabhAkara AyA / zrImatI zrImatIjI sadalagA nivAsI suzrAvaka zrI mallappA pArasappAjI aSTage kI dharmapatnI thiiN| zrI mallappAjI kA udaya bhI kisI aura zIbAI nAmaka prAcI se sambhava huA thA jo puNyazloka zrI pArasappA mallappAjI aSTage kI dharmapatnI thIM / isa prabhAkara vidyAdhara meM eka ora usa dahakane kI sambhAvanA bhI thI, jo amAMgalika tattvoM ko dhvasta kara DAlatI hai aura dUsarI ora vaha zItala prakAza bhI hai jo abhyudaya aura ni:zreyaskArI hai| ye aisI vizeSatAe~ haiM jo lokaprasiddha prabhAkara se isa prabhAkara kA vyatireka banAtI haiM / "udayati dizi yasyAM bhAnureSaiva prAcI / " nizcaya hI yaha vaMza AdhyAtmika saMskAroM se maNDita rahA hai / phalataH ve saMskAra aura praguNita hokara vidyAdharazrI kI cetanA meM saMkrAnta ho gae the| inake mAtA-pitA the to apane gA~va meM sAhUkAra ke rUpa meM parigaNita, para unameM vaNigvRtti udagra nahIM thI / kRSi jIvikA thii| lena-dena calatA thA, para ve samAja meM eka aise nyAsI (TrasTI) ke rUpa meM bhI jAne jAte the jo nirvyAja jJAta pAtroM kI sahAyatA karate the / pratidina devadarzana, zAstra svAdhyAya, samAja sabhAoM meM dharma - carcA unakI dinacaryA thI / yaha unakI vidyA - vinaya sampannatA hI thI ki loga unheM mallinAtha bhagavAn ke nAma se mallinAtha hI pukArane lage the| mAtA-pitA yadA-kadA muni darzana aura tIrthATana ke lie bhI bAhara jAyA karate the| yaha parivAra apane AcaraNa meM naitikatA, vrataniSThA kA pUrI cetanA se pAlana karatA thaa| bhojana meM zAkAhAra aura zuddhi kI bAta to sAmAnya thii| mAtA meM yaha bhAvanA ki saMsAra vinazvara hai, zarIra to apanI zIryamANatA ke lie prasiddha hai hI, ata: usakI cintA tapasyA ke sambandha meM Ar3e nahIM AnA cAhie, jama gaI thii| phalata: ve asvasthatA ko naz2araMdAz2a karatI huI vrataupavAsa to nirantara rakhatI thiiN| kisI racanAkAra ne kahA hai : "satyaM manoramA rAmAH satyaM ramyA vibhUtayaH / kintu mattAGganApAGgabhaGgalolaM hi jIvitam / / " yaha sahI hai ki saMsAra meM dAmpatya sukha abhilaSaNIya hai, puruSa ke lie ramaNI aura ramaNI ke lie puruSa vilokanIya hai| saMsAra meM bahuta kucha aisA hai jo cetanA ko apanI ora khIMcatA hai, para kucha loga ina sabake bIca bhI aise haiM jo jAnate haiM ki jisa jIvana ke lie yaha saba kucha hai usakI sattA kA kyA ThikAnA ? eka dUba kI noka para par3I osa kI bU~da kI sI sthiti usakI hai, jo eka halakI havA kI jhoMka se kabhI bhI girakara vinaSTa sakatI hai| isalie nirantara aisI sthiti kI ora lakSya rakhatI thIM jo niratizaya aura avinazvara ho| isa lakSya kI divyacetanA saMsAra ke kSaNika AkarSaNoM meM kaise pha~sa sakatI thI ? mAtA-pitA donoM hI dharmaparAyaNa, alpaparigrahI, parArthasevAbhAvI tathA paramArthI svabhAva ke vyakti the / ghara ke pramukha kI isa sadvRtti kI sugandha pUre pArivArika pariveza meM vyApta thI / sunA jAtA hai ki ye donoM pratyeka aSTamI aura caturdazI apane grAma se aThAraha kilomITara dUra eka aise samAdhisthala para jAyA karate the jo akkivATa nAma se prasiddha thA aura jisameM bhaTTAraka muni zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI smRti saMcita thii| aise hI pArivArika pariveza meM isa mahApuruSa kA avataraNa huA / nAma bhI kadAcit isa zizu kA inhIM munizrI ke nAma para vidyAdhara rakhA gayA /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 485 isa dampatI se dasa santAneM paidA huI-jinameM se cAra to akAla meM hI kAla kavalita ho gii| zeSa cha: meM cAra putra aura do putriyA~ raha ge| sabase bar3e putra zrI mahAvIra prasAda haiN| inakA janma 1943 meM huA thA / sadalagA ke nikaTa zamanevAr3I grAma meM pArivArika virAsata kI rakSA karate hue saparivAra sasammAna apanA kulocita jIvanayApana kara rahe haiN| vidyAdhara inhIM ke anujanmA haiN| inakI do anujAe~ haiM-zAntA aura svarNA / ina anujAoM ke anantara do bhAI aura Ae-anantanAtha aura zAntinAtha / bar3e bhAI mahAvIra ko chor3akara mAtA-pitA aura anuja-anujAe~ vidhivat jainasAdhanA kI paramArtha dhArA meM utarate ge| ka - pArivArika pariveza pArivArika, sArasvata tathA jaina dhArmika pariveza anuvaMzata: prApta saMskAra pariveza kI anukUlatA se vikasita hote haiM-vijJAnAntargata manovijJAna kI zAkhA yaha mAnatI hai / vaise, jaisA ki AtmavAda mAnatA hai Izvaratva paryavasAyinI sArI sambhAvanAe~ mAnava nisargata: lekara AtA hai, para pariveza usake vikAsa meM sahAyaka hotA hai| yaha mAnane meM kisI ko koI kaThinAI nahIM hai| mahApuruSoM ke garbhastha hone para mAtA-pitA ko maMgalasUcaka svapnAvasthA meM kucha ghaTanAe~ ghaTita hotI haiN| inake sAtha bhI kucha aisA hI ghaTita huA / garbhastha zizu kI mAtA aura pitA ke sAtha bhI yaha ghaTita huA / mAtA ke svapna meM cakra kA Akara rukanA aura do RddhidhArI muniyoM ko AhAra denA bhAvI zubha ghaTanA ke sUcaka the| usI rAta pitA ko bhI svapna AyA ki ve eka kheta meM khar3e haiM-jahA~ dahAr3atA huA eka siMha AyA aura unheM nigala gyaa| mAtA-pitA cU~ki tIrthATana ke nimitta prAyaH Ate-jAte the| eka bAra zizu vidyAdhara (jise pyAra se pIlU, ginI, marI, totA bhI kahA jAtA thA) jo kevala Der3ha varSa kA thA, sAtha gayA thaa| mAtA-pitA ne inase bhI zravaNabelagolA (hAsana, karnATaka) meM virAjamAna vizvavizruta gommaTezvara bhagavAn bAhubalI kI pUjA-arcA kraaii| bhaktibhAva se to ve yoM hI ApUrita the, vahA~ eka ghaTita ghaTanA se usameM aura vRddhi ho gii| huA yaha ki pUjA kAla meM anavadhAnatAvaza pIlU sIr3hiyoM se lur3hakatA huA nIce calA gayA, para gyArahavIM sIr3hI para sakuzala par3A rahA / mAtA-pitA sakuzala sthiti meM pAkara santuSTa ho ge| ve vahA~ se kArakala, mUDabidrI, hailiviDa aura maisUra Adi sthAnoM para deva-darzana aura muni-darzana karate hue ghara vApisa lauTe / nizcaya hI isa yAtrA se zizu kA svaccha mAnasa saMskArita aura raMjita huaa| bAlaka kI cetanA bhI Adarza dinacaryA dekhakara prabhAvita huI / bAlaka meM bacapana se hI titikSA aura vedanA ke saha sakane kI kSamatA vibhinna sandarbho meM bar3hane lagI / kabhI bicchU kA DaMka bardAzta karanA par3A to kabhI anyavidha pratikUla sthitiyoM kA dbaav| kha - sArasvata pariveza pA~ca varSa kI avasthA hone para pArivArika pariveza ke atirikta sArasvata saMsthAnoM kA pariveza milA / vahA~ pUrva saMskAravaza jJAnasaGkrAnti tejI se hotI gaI / sahapAThiyoM se sauhArda aura saumanasya tathA gurujanoM ke prati zraddhA barAbara ekarasa banI rahI / isI krama meM sArasvata saMsthAnoM se haTakara AcAryoM ke upadeza aura unakA sAnnidhya milatA rhaa| zeDavAla meM AcArya zrI zAntisAgarajI ke pravacana-zravaNa ne vidyAdhara ko aura dharmonmukha kara diyaa| unheM bhaktAmarastotra, mokSazAstra-sabhI kaNThastha the| muni zrI mahAbalajI mahArAja kA bhI Adeza aura AzIrvacana milA / eka tIsare AcAryapravara zrI dezabhUSaNajI the jo sadalagA grAma meM padhArakara una dinoM zAstra pravacana rUpa dharmopadeza dete the| vidyAdhara isa samaya kannar3a bhASA ke mAdhyama se sAtavIM kakSA ke chAtra the| usI samaya pU~jIbandhana saMskAra kA Ayojana huaa| bAraha varSa kI
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________________ 486 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA avasthA tathA tadartha mAtA-pitA kI anumati na milane para bhI bAlaka vidyAdhara isa saMskAra ke lie sannaddha hokara prathama paMkti meM baiTha gayA aura prathama pU~jIbandhana usI kA sampanna huaa| vidyAdhara kI ruci aura pratibhA vividhAyAmI thIkhelakUda, zataraMja, citranirmANa Adi meM bhI avasthAnurUpa acchI gati thii| hiMsA aura AtaMkavAda kA kaTTara virodhI bAlaka gA~dhI aura neharU se bhI prabhAvita thaa| ina sabake sAtha unakI dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika vRtti utkarSa kI ora isa prakAra bar3ha rahI thI ki mAtA-pitA ko yaha cintA satAne lagI thI ki lar3akA kahIM hAtha se nikala na jAya / solaha varSa kI avasthA meM to mandira jAne ke sAtha zAstra svAdhyAya aura pravacana kA krama bhI gati pakar3ane lgaa| sabhA meM praznottara bhI hote aura nirvikalpa jJAna prApti ke lie zaMkA samAdhAna bhI hote / sAtA vedanIya ke Asava ke hetuoM meM bhUtavratyanukampA' bhI eka hai-jisakA udreka unake AcaraNa meM spaSTa lakSita hotA thaa| prasiddha hai ki naukara dvArA baila ko piTate dekha svayam ko usake sthAna para Apane apane ko lagA liyaa| ga - jaina prasthAna kA dhArmika pariveza jahA~ kahIM bhI ve muniyoM kA Agamana sunate, vahA~ pahu~ca jAte the| eka bAra sunA ki boragA~va meM muni zrI nemisAgarajI ne samAdhimaraNa kA vrata le rakhA hai, so vahA~ pahu~ca gae aura unakI sevA-zuzrUSA meM rama gae / isa prakAra pArivArika, sArasvata saMsthAnoM ke pariveza tathA aneka muni mahArAjoM ke prati gaharA lagAva unameM vairAgyabhAva ko tIvra kara rahA thA / aba unakI cetanA meM kisI aise saMgha kI khoja kI abhIpsA jagI, jo sarvathA durnivAra thI / isa abhIpsA se mAtA-pitA kI anumati ke binA hI brahmacarya vrata dhAraNa karane ke aDiga saMkalpavaza ve jayapurastha AcArya zrI dezabhUSaNajI ke pAsa bIsa varSa kI avasthA meM hI pahuMca ge| unakI vairAgyavRtti ko havA milI zrI gopAladAsa baraiyA dvArA praNIta 'jaina siddhAnta pravezikA' ke kaNThasthIkaraNa se / zrI vidyAdhara meM gurubhakti bhI adbhuta thii| munivaroM kI sevA pratyeka sthiti meM bar3e manoyoga se karate the| ina saba sopAnoM para car3hate-car3hate antata: unheM brahmacarya vrata mila hI gyaa| parivAra se nikala jAne kA kleza parivAra jana ko thA hI, para vaha inake aDiga saMkalpa ke Ar3e nahIM A sakA / ikkIsaveM varSa meM vidyAdhara aba praviSTa ho cuke the| AcAryapravara zrI dezabhUSaNajI ke saMgha meM zarIka hokara cUlagiri, jayapura, rAjasthAna se unake sAtha zravaNabelagolA, hAsana, karnATaka pahu~cakara bhagavAn gomaTezvara ke mahAmastakAbhiSeka ke pavitra pariveza meM ve bhItara se bhIMga ge| upasarga aura parISahoM para vo nirantara vijaya lAbha karate hI ge| stavanidhi kSetra se zrI vidyAdhara bambaI hote hue ajamera, rAjasthAna pahu~ce / zrI kajaur3Imala ke ghara Ae aura unake Agraha para AhAra grahaNa kiyaa| phira unhoMne samIpastha madanagaMja-kizanagar3ha meM virAjamAna munivarya zrI jJAnasAgarajI ke caraNoM meM upasthita hone kA apanA saMkalpa sunaayaa| kajaur3ImalajI unheM vahA~ le gae aura vidyAdharajI unakA darzana kara dhanya-dhanya ho ge| guruvara ne parIkSA lene ke nimitta pUchA ki vaha yahA~-vahA~ ghUmate rahane kI pravRttivaza puna: vahA~ se lauTa to nahIM jAyagA? isa para zrI vidyAdharajI ne savArI ke upayoga karane kA tyAgakara 'IryA caryA' grahaNa karane kI bAta kii| gurudeva vismayAnvita ho utthe| aba ve zAstrAbhyAsa aura gurusevA meM DUbate gae / mUlata: kannar3a bhASAbhASI evaM navamI kakSA taka vidyAdhyayana karane vAle vidyAdhara ke saMskRta aura hindI bhASA ke jJAna kI kamI ko dUra kiyA paM. mahendrakumArajI ne / brahmacArI vidyAdhara abhI 22 varSa kA bhI nahIM huA thA-para usakI agAdha guruniSThA, zAstrAbhyAsa aura dRDhavrata kA bhAva dekhakara gurudeva itane prabhAvita hue ki ajamera, rAjasthAna meM vidyAdhara ko sIdhe (kSullaka, ailaka dIkSA kI sIr3hiyoM ko pArakara) muni dIkSA de dii| kezaluMca ho cukA thaa| dIkSA saMskAroM ke uparAnta ASAr3ha zukla paMcamI, vi. saM. 2025, 30 jUna, 1968 ko ve vidyAdhara se muni vidyAsAgara ho ge|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 487 gha - vAsantika pariNati dIkSA ke anantara zAstrajJAna kI tIvra pipAsA ne manISiyoM ke saujanya se tRpti pAI / san 1969 meM zrI jJAnasAgarajI ne AcAryapada grahaNa kiyaa| phira AcArya jJAnasAgarajI ne nasIrAbAda, ajamera, rAjasthAna meM mArgazIrSa kRSNa dvitIyA, vi. saM. 2029, 22.navambara, 1972 ko gurudakSiNA ke rUpa meM vivaza kara muni vidyAsAgarajI ko AcAryapada para abhiSikta kara apanI sallekhanA unhIM kI dekharekha meM prArambha kI aura 1 jUna, 1973 ko samAdhistha ho ge| inakI tapazcaryA se parivAra itanA prabhAvita huA ki donoM bhAiyoM aura bahinoM ne bhI gRhatyAga kara jaina prasthAna meM dIkSA grahaNa kii| bAda meM to mAtA-pitA bhI mokSamArga meM zaraNAgata ho ge| "yo'nUcAnaH sa no mahAn"- hotA hai| kahA gayA hai-"na tena vRddho bhavati yenAsya palitaM ziraH" - jJAnavRddha, tapovRddha sarvocca hotA hai / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara isa zikhara para ArUr3ha ho cuke the| AcAryapada para vibhUSita hokara saMgha saMcAlana kA dAyitva avadhAnapUrvaka sa~bhAla rahe the| cAturmAsa Adi kI kAlAvadhi meM unake dvArA racanA praNayana kA jo zubhArambha huA, aneka stotra tathA kAvyoM ke nirmANa kI paramparA calI usakI vAsantika pariNati 'mUkamATI' meM huI / sAtha-sAtha saMgha meM dIkSAdAna kA krama bhI nirantara calatA rahA / isI ke sAtha hI mahilA varga meM jJAna aura cAritra ke unnayana hetu sAgara tathA jabalapura, madhyapradeza meM do AzramoM kI bhI sthApanA kii| ve 'brAhmI vidyAzrama' ke nAma se jAne jAte haiN| '84 jabalapura meM AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara zodha saMsthAna kI sthApanA huii| inake nirdezana meM aneka mandira aura mahanIya Azrama bhI banate jA rahe haiN| sAgara, madhyapradeza meM janasevA ke nimitta 'bhAgyodaya tIrtha' saMjJaka cikitsAlaya to jabalapura meM bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina prazAsakIya prazikSaNa saMsthAna' aura deza bhara meM gau sevA ke nimitta zatAdhika gauzAlAe~ bhI sthApita huI haiN| abhI taka Apase 89 muni, 172 AryikA, 20 ailaka, 14 kSullaka evaM 3 kSullikAe~ dIkSA pAkara mokSamArga para agrasara hue haiM tathA saikar3oM bAla brahmacArI yuvakayuvatiyA~ bhI sAdhanArata haiN| isa prakAra anuvaMza, pariveza tathA mahAmanISiyoM ke sAnnidhya se inakA vikasita aura vilokanIya vyaktitva apane AcaraNoM meM nirantara pratiphalita hotA A rahA hai| khaNDa do : jIvana darzana 'darzana' zabda kA jaina prasthAna meM artha hai - zraddhAna / ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra' meM kahA gayA hai : "zraddhAnaM paramArthAnAmAptAgamatapobhRtAm / trimUDhApoDhamaSTAGgaM samyagdarzanamasmayam" // 4 // paramArthabhUta deva, zAstra aura guru kA trividha mUr3hatAoM se rahita, ATha aMgoM se sahita tathA ATha prakAra ke madoM se rahita zraddhAna karanA hI 'samyak darzana' kahA jAtA hai / zramaNa prasthAna ke atirikta brAhmaNa prasthAna meM 'darzana' kA mukhya artha jJAna hai / jaina prasthAna meM jJAna 'darzana' se bhinna hai / 'darzana' sAkSAtkAra hai / sAkSAtkArAtmaka jJAna hai - jo do prakAra (brAhmaNa darzana) kA hai-paramparayA sAkSAtkArAtmaka tathA sAkSAt sAkSAtkArAtmaka / pahalA indriya tathA mana sApekSa hotA hai aura dUsarA donoM se nirapekSa svayam (Atma) se svayam kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai / ise sAkSAt aparokSAnubhUti kahate haiM / jaina prasthAna meM pratyakSa jJAna isI dUsare prakAra ke indriya-mana:-nirapekSa Atmabala se hone vAlA jJAna hai / vahA~ parokSa aura pratyakSa jaise jJAna ke do bheda haiN| inameM parokSabhUta mati-zrutajJAna se bhinna tathA indriya va mana kI sahAyatA binA Atmabala se hone vAlA pratyakSa jJAna bhI avadhi, mana:paryaya tathA kevalajJAna rUpa trividha hai / sAkSAt aparokSAnubhUti yA
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________________ 488 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kevalajJAna hI pratyakSa kA pAramArthika rUpa hai / jIvana darzana ke sandarbha meM isI sAkSAt aparokSAnubhUti yA kevalajJAna ko lenA avasarocita lagatA hai| isa darzana ko dRSTi kA paryAya mAnA jAtA hai / yaha darzana yA dRSTi trividha hai / dRSTi yA darzana vizvadRSTi, jIvanadRSTi, kAvyadRSTi aura AlocanadRSTi ke bheda se vividha prakAra kI hai| hameM yahA~ jIvanadRSTi yA darzana para vicAra karanA hai| vizvadRSTi se abhiprAya vizva ke mUlabhUta upAdAna se hai jabaki 'jIvanadarzana' trikoNa hai-zIrSa para gantavya hai, tadartha nirdhArita mArga dvitIya AdhAra bindu hai aura tRtIya bindu hai - mArga ke prati AsthA ke dRr3hIkaraNa ke lie manana yA cintana / isa manana meM apane mArga ke prati AsthA ko vikampita karane vAle jo vikAra hoM, unakA khaNDana kare / yahA~ khaNDana apane mArga ke prati AsthA ke dRr3hIkaraNa ke lie hai, na ki parakIya mata ke khaNDana ke lie| maMz2ilabaddha sAdhaka sabhI mArgoM ke prati sahiSNu hotA hai para AsthA apane prasthAna ke mArga ke prati rakhanA hai / anekAntavAda isI kA pariNAma hai| ___AcAryazrI ke jIvana-darzana kA jahA~ taka sambandha hai, unakI racanAoM se use prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| racanA yAnI kAvya meM sAdhanA-labdha saMvedanA mukhara rahatI hai| usakI puSTi meM, taha meM siddhAnta aura mAnyatAe~ saMlagna rahatI haiN| kisI santa kA jIvana-darzana usakI sAdhanA-prasUta saMvedanA kI abhivyakti se nirjharita hotA hai / ata: unakI racanAoM ke mAdhyama se unakA jIvana-darzana pAyA jA sakatA hai / AcAryazrI 'darzana' kA artha kevala 'manana' taka hI sImita rakhate haiN| ve kahate haiM: "darzana kA srota mastaka hai,/svastika se aMkita hRdaya se adhyAtma kA jharanA jharatA hai |/drshn ke binA adhyAtma-jIvana cala sakatA hai, calatA hI hai/...adhyAtma svAdhIna nayana hai darzana parAdhIna upanayana/darzana meM darza nahIM zuddhatattva kA... adhyAtma sadA satya cidrUpa hI/bhAsvata hotA hai|" ('mUkamATI, pR. 288) isa prakAra ve mAnate haiM ki darzana mastiSka kI upaja hai jabaki adhyAtma kA srota hRdaya hai / jo bhI ho, jIvanadarzana meM gantavya, mArga aura AsthA ke dRr3hIkaraNa meM upayogI manana-tInoM kA samAveza hai / Akhira mastiSka prasUta cintana sAdhana hI hai-sAdhya yA gantavya to hai nhiiN| uparyukta tInoM bindu paraspara saMlagna aura sambaddha haiN| unakA vicAra hai- "darzana kA Ayudha zabda hai - vicAra, adhyAtma nirAyudha hotA hai/sarvathA stabdha - nirvicAra !/eka jJAna hai, jJeya bhI/eka dhyAna hai, dhyeya bhI''('mUkamATI', pR. 289) / unakI dRSTi meM : " 'sva' ko sva ke rUpa meM/'para' ko para ke rUpa meM jAnanA hI sahI jJAna hai, aura/'sva' meM ramaNa karanA/sahI jJAna kA 'phl'|" ('mUkamATI, pR. 375) .. AcAryazrI kI dRSTi meM yahI gantavya hai / 'tattvArthasUtra' meM AcAryazrI umAsvAmI kA kahanA hai : "kRtsnakarmavipramokSo mokssH|" sampUrNa karma kA kSaya hote hI jIva apane naisargika svarUpa ko prApta kara letA hai aura usameM ina ananta catuSTayoM kI utpatti sadyaH ho jAtI hai - ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta sukha tathA ananta vIrya / AcAryazrI ne apane DhaMga se gantavya kA svarUpa ukta paMktiyoM meM spaSTa kara diyA hai| use yAnI mokSarUpa maMz2ila ko aura spaSTa karate hue unhoMne kahA hai : "bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA/AmUla miTa jAnA hI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 489 mokSa hai / isI kI zuddha-dazA meM/avinazvara sukha hotA hai/jise prApta hone ke bAda,/yahA~/saMsAra meM AnA kaise sambhava hai tuma hI btaao|" ('mUkamATI, pR. 486-487) dugdha se nikalane para navanIta puna: dUdha meM nahIM jAtA / tathA yaha anubhUti : "vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI/avazya milegI magara/mArga meM nahIM,/maMjila para!" ('mUkamATI, pR. 488) AcAryazrI bhI mArga-maMz2ila kI bAta spaSTa taura para kara rahe haiN| Upara jIvana-darzana ke phrema yAnI DhA~ce meM inakI carcA AI hai / isa prakAra jIvana-darzana ke bindu to spaSTa haiN| maMz2ila arthAt gantavya kA svarUpa spaSTa hai / samprati mArga kI bAta prakrAnta hai| _ AcAryazrI kI racanAoM meM jaina prasthAna kI mAnyatAe~ aura siddhAntoM kI rocaka prastuti huI hai| 'mUkamATI' ke 'mAnasa taraMga' meM lekhaka ne spaSTa kahA hai : "aise hI kucha mUla-bhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana hetu isa kRti kA sRjana huA hai|" prAyaH samasta kRti meM sAdhaka ghaTa ko pratIka banAkara jaina prasthAna kA tapa:sAdhya mArga hI nirUpita huA hai / 'zreyAMsi bahuvighnAni' kA jvalanta nidarzana hai taporata ghaTa kA pratIka / AcArya zrI umAsvAmI ne kahA hai : "samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokssmaargH|" mokSa, jo gantavya yA maMz2ila hai, taka le jAnevAlA mArga inhIM ratnatraya kA ekAnvita rUpa hai / samyagdarzana sAdhaka jIva kA zraddhAna hai, usake kAraNa hI jJAna meM samIcInatA kA AdhAna hotA hai aura tabhI AtmasvabhAva aura vibhAva, sva-para kA bheda samajha kara, jaisA ki AcAryazrI ne kahA hai, AtmA apane guNoM meM ramaNa karatI hai| samyak cAritra yahI hai / sArA kAvya batAtA hai ki sAdhaka kisa taraha Atmagata sAMkarya naSTa karatA hai, pApaprakSAlana karatA hai, upasarga aura parISahoM kA maraNAntaka sAmanA karatA hai, Aga jaisI paristhitiyoM meM tapakara paripakva hotA hai, satpAtratA arjita karatA hai, zraddhAjala se ApUrita hokara zrI sadguru ke netRtva meM AtmasamarpaNa karatA hai-svayaM aura apane avalamba ko vipatti sAgara se pAra utAratA hai aura svayaM santaraNa kara jAtA hai / maMz2ila taka pahu~cane meM caudaha guNasthAnoM ke sopAna pAra karane par3ate haiN| grantha meM unameM se bhI kucha kA upalakSaNa rUpa meM saMketa vidyamAna hai / antataH zrI sadguru sthAnIya zilpI kumbhakAra bhI usa arihanta kI ora saMketa karatA hai jo upadeza ke amRta kI dhArAsAra vRSTi kara rahA hai| jIvana-darzana kA tIsarA bindu hai-manana / isake dvArA svakIya mArga ke prati AsthA ke dRr3hIkaraNa ke lie cintana kiyA jAtA hai aura parakIya virodhI pakSoM kA nirasana kiyA jAtA hai| udAharaNa ke lie mUkamATI' meM kArya mAtra ke prati kevala upAdAna aura nimitta kAraNoM kI carcA kI gaI hai / jaina prasthAna mAnatA hai ki sRSTi anAdi hai-usake kartArUpa meM Izvara kI kalpanA nirarthaka hai / mAnava mAtra meM svayam Izvaratva paryavasAyinI sambhAvanA hai, pratyeka AtmA meM paramAtmA hone kI sambhAvanA hai, paramAtmA jaisI alaga se koI viziSTa sattA nahIM hai / AcAryazrI ne svAti ke jala se muktA ke banane meM kisI kartA kA astitva nahIM dekhA hai| jala svayam upAdAna hai aura viziSTa kakSa meM usakA A jAnA . nimitta hai / kArya aura kartA kA avinAbhAva sambandha hotA, jo yahA~ bhI lakSita hotA hai| AcAryazrI ne prasaMgAt aneka mAnyatAoM kI bAta kI hai / parA, pazyantI, madhyamA aura vaikharI kA uttama nirUpaNa bhI 'mUkamATI' (pR. 401-404) grantha meM huA hai / 'niyati' aura 'puruSArtha' ke dvandva para bhI unakI apanI mAnyatA isI grantha meM (pR. 349) vyakta huI hai / unakI dRSTi meM apane meM lIna honA hI niyati hai' tathA 'AtmA ko chor3akara saba padArthoM ko vismRta karanA hI puruSArtha haiN'| jIva kA svarUpa isa prasthAna meM na to aNurUpa hai aura na hI vibhu,
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________________ 490 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA vaha svadeha parimANa hai / aisI tamAma apane prasthAna kI mAnyatAe~ prasaMgata: vyakta huI haiN| ye mAnyatAe~ mananaprasUta haiM jo yahA~ paripuSTa huI haiN| ___ antataH niSkarSa rUpa meM AcAryazrI ke apane jIvana-darzana ke aMga rUpa vibhinna sopAnoM kA atyanta rocaka pakSa prastuta karane ke lobha kA saMvaraNa nahIM kara sktaa| unakA kitanA saMgata anubhava hai jo adhyAtmamArga meM sarvasammata prata hai| unhoMne kahA hai : " 'pUta kA lakSaNa pAlane meM kahA thA na beTA, hamane/usa samaya, jisa samaya tumane merI AjJA kA pAlana kiyA/jo/kumbhakAra kA saMsarga kiyA/so sRjanazIla jIvana kA/Adima sarga huaa|/jiskaa saMsarga kiyA jAtA hai usake prati samarpaNa bhAva ho,/usake caraNoM meM tumane/jo ahaM kA utsarga kiyA/so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA/dvitIya sarga huaa| samarpaNa ke bAda samarpita kI/bar3I-bar3I parIkSAyeM hotI haiM aura "suno !/kharI-kharI samIkSAyeM hotI haiM, tumane agni-parIkSA dI/utsAha sAhasa ke sAtha/jo/upasarga sahana kiyA, so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA/tRtIya sarga huaa| parIkSA ke bAda/pariNAma nikalatA hI hai/parAzrita-anusvAra, yAnI bindu-mAtra varNa-jIvana ko/tumane UrdhvagAmI-UrdhvamukhI/jo svAzrita visarga kiyA,/so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA/antima sarga huaa| nisarga se hI/sRj-dhAtu kI bhA~ti/bhinna-bhinna upasarga pA tumane svayaM ko/jo/nisarga kiyA,/so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA vargAtIta apavarga huaa|" ('mUkamATI, pR. 482-483) dharatI (mahAsattA) ke dvArA kumbha ko sambodhita ina vacanoM ne sabako kumbhakAra kI ora unmukha kara diyA aura kumbhakAra ne namratA kI mudrA meM Akara isa sabako RSi-santoM kI kRpA batAte hue kucha hI dUrI para pAdapa ke nIce pASANaphalaka para AsIna nIrAga sAdhu kI ora sabakA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA / unakI pradakSiNA huI, pAdodaka sara para lagAyA gayA, phira bhI cAtaka kI bhA~ti gurukRpA kI pratIkSA meM saba / gurudeva hAtha uThakAra kahate haiM : "zAzvata sukha kA lAbha ho" / isa prakAra manana se puSTIkRta mArga dvArA upalabdha maMz2ila (mokSa) kA svarUpa spaSTa karatA huA santa sadguru mauna ho jAtA hai| ziSyoM kI granthiyA~ chinna-bhinna ho jAtI haiN| isa prakAra AcAryazrI ne zAstrIya pAribhASika zabdAvalI kI lauha zrRMkhalA se mukta kara jisa sarvamAnya paddhati se apanA jIvana darzana prastuta kiyA hai, vaha hRdaya ko tRpta kara detA hai / isa nirvahaNAtmaka prastuti meM maMz2ila, mArga aura tadartha manana-sabhI kucha A gayA hai| AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja : prathama darzana aura anubhUti mahAkavi zrIharSa ne kahA hai : "guNAdbhute vastuni mauninA cet / vAgjanmavaiphalyamasahyazalyam // " naiSadhIya-caritam
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 491 koI vastu yA vyakti apane guNoM se adbhuta, aloka sAmAnya aura vismayAvaha lage aura darzaka ko isakA gaharAI se ahasAsa ho, cupa na rahA jAya-phira bhI cupa raha jAya, to darzaka kI vANI kA janma viphala ho jAtA hai aura yaha viphalatA kaleje meM gar3e kA~Te kI taraha nirantara kaSTa detI rahatI hai - vo apane Apa meM asahya hai / AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI kI vismayAvaha zArIrika dIpti aura mAnasika vRtti ko prathama darzana para dekhakara aisA hI lgaa| unakI deha se kAnti phUTatI hai-jo anyatra dRSTigocara nahIM hotI / unake sAnnidhya meM eka abhUtapUrva zAnti kA anubhava hotA hai- utanI dera ke lie jaise cetanA para chAI huI tamAma vikRtiyA~ tirohita ho jAtI haiM aura apUrva Ananda kA anubhava hotA hai| jihvA aura upastha ko janmajanmAntaragarjita vAsanA kA ambAra barAbara durnivAra dhakkA detA rahatA hai / UrjA, durnivAra UrjA, svabhAvata: jala kI taraha adha:kSaraNa ke lie becaina rahatI hai / sArA saMsAra isa udvela aura vegavAn pravAha meM DUbatA-utarAtA zava kI taraha bahatA calA jAtA hai, para yaha AcAryazrI aura inake prabhAva meM rahane vAlA zramaNa saMgha hai, jo apanI vismayAvaha saMyamavRtti kA paricaya detA hai, jo donoM indriyoM ke uttejaka aura uddIpaka pariveza kA una para vaise hI koI prabhAva nahIM hai, jaise kamala-patra para jala kaa| isa krama meM unakA zizabhAva darzanIya hai| jaise zizu usa ora se anajAna banA rahatA hai / vaha saba kucha usake bodha hI meM nahIM hotA, ThIka vahI dazA inakI bhI hai| saMsAra ke sAMsArika havA-pAnI kA una para koI duSprabhAva nahIM hai / tyAga kI to vahA~ parAkASThA hai| digambara, nirvastra mahAtmA ke zarIra para na koI spandana hai, na koI kabhI vikAra / dabAva se yaha sthiti nahIM A sktii| yaha svabhAva bana jAne para hI sambhava hai| damana yA dabAva cetana dazA meM hI kAma kara sakatA hai svapna aura suSupti kI acetana dazA meM nhiiN| vahA~ to svabhAva hI kAma karegA / AcAryazrI kI cetanA meM yaha svabhAva siddha hai| itanA saba to kevala unake darzana mAtra se pratItigocara hotA hai / sannidhAna meM rahakara bAtacIta ke daurAna eka ora nirvyAja prasAda, RjutA aura sahajatA se maNDita abhivyakti kA pravAha umar3atA lakSita hotA hai to dUsarI ora gahana aura gambhIra dArzanika cintana dhArA kA umar3Ava / vastuta: gAmbhIrya vahIM hotA hai jahA~ prasAda hotA hai / jo jalAzaya nirmala hotA hai vahA~ gaharAI hotI hI hai| unakI vAcika aura laiMgika abhivyakti kI gaharAI unake sAtha zAstrIya carcA meM nirantara jhalakatI rahatI hai| yaha carcA cAhe darzana ke kSetra kI ho yA kAvya ke-ubhayatra unakI prAtibhakSamatA kA atalasparzI rUpa lakSita hotA hai / 'mUkamATI' para carcA ke daurAna donoM kSetroM ke prasaMga DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave aura mere donoM ke sAmane Ae haiN| DaoN. mAcave kI bhUmikA isa sandarbha meM draSTavya hai| zAstra to unake jIvana meM bolatA hI rahatA hai| kAvya-carcA ke daurAna bhI ve aise-aise pakSa sAmane rakhate haiM ki nayA se nayA cintaka bhI stabdha raha jAtA hai / ve mAnate haiM ki kAvyaprAtibha akhaNDa vyApAra hai, ata: na to kAvya ko pAramparika sA~coM meM hI bA~dhA jA sakatA hai aura na hI racanA ko zIrSakoM meM / mahAkavi kI pahacAna hI yahI hai : "so'rthastadvyaktisAmarthyayogI ca zabdazca kazcana / yatnataH pratyabhijJeyau tau zabdArtho mhaakveH||" mahAkavi ke bala haiM-Akhara aura aratha / gosvAmI tulasIdAsa kahate haiM : "kavihiM Akhara aratha bala saaNcaa|" kAlidAsa bhI 'vAgarthapratipatti' ke lie jagat-mAtA-pitA kI ArAdhanA karate haiN| pratibhAprasUta ye zabda aura artha kucha aura hI hote haiN| na vahA~ artha kI paratoM kI koI iyattA hai aura na usake prakAzana meM samartha zabda kI asIma kSamatA kI / aise meM kavi se nirmukta racanA ko zIrSakoM meM kaise bA~dhA jA sakatA hai ? isa taraha unake sannidhAna meM Ane para aneka smaraNIya pakSa sAmane Ate rahate haiN|
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________________ 492 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA khaNDa tIna : AcArya vidyAsAgara kA racanA-saMsAra 'samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara' (eka) kavayitA AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara zramaNa dhArA ke zikhara puruSa haiN| kheda' aura 'tapa' ke artha vAlI 'zramu' dhAtu se niSpanna zramaNa' zabda inake sandarbha meM nitAnta anvartha hai| isa tapomUrti ne jisa bhI sAttvika kSetra meM kadama rakhA-usI meM apanA ullekhya sthAna banA liyaa| inake tapa kA eka pakSa sArasvata tapa bhI hai| usa prazasta aura puSkala tapa kA sAkSI hai - 'samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara' / isake cAra khaNDa haiM / prathama khaNDa meM inakI saMskRta bhASAbaddha maulika racanAe~ unhIM ke bhAvAnuvAda sahita saMgrahIta haiN| isa khaNDa meM kula pA~ca zataka haiM-zramaNa-zatakam, bhAvanA-zatakam, niraJjanazatakam, parISahajaya-zatakam (aparanAma jJAnodaya) tathA sunIti-zatakam / 1. 'zramaNa-zatakam' (saMskRta, 6 maI, 1974) evaM 'zramaNa-zataka' (hindI, 18 sitambara, 1974) 'zramaNa' yaha eka yogarUr3ha saMjJA hai| 'zramu' dhAtu se lyuT pratyaya hone para yaha zabda niSpanna hotA hai| 'tapa' aura tajjanya kheda' isakA vyutpattimUlaka artha hai, para pravRttinimitta kI dRSTi se pracalanavaza eka viziSTa dhArA ke tapasviyoM ke lie yaha rUr3ha ho gayA hai| bhArata meM sanAtanI vidyA kI abhivyakti dvividha hai-zAbda aura prAtibha / prAtibha abhivyakti vAlI dhArA ke tapasviyoM ke lie yaha saMjJAzabda rUr3ha ho gayA hai| yoM tapa aura tajjanya kheda sabhI AdhyAtmika dhArAoM meM hai, para rUr3hi jaina aura bauddha dhArA ke tapasviyoM ke lie hI hai| isameM bhI dhyAna-sAdhanA to ubhayatra samAna hai- para tapa meM jaina muniyoM kI barAbarI koI nahIM kara sktaa| jaina dhArA meM bhI digambarI tapa apratima hai / AcAryazrI ne ThIka hI kahA "yo dhatte sudRzA samaM munirvAGmanobhyAM ca vapuSA samam / vipazyati sahasA sa maM hyanantaviSayaM na tRSA samam" // 4 // isa padya kA Apane svayaM hI kAvyAnuvAda 'zramaNa-zataka' (hindI) meM kiyA hai : "vANI, zarIra, mana ko jisane sudhArA, sAnanda sevana kare samatA-sudhArA / dharmAbhibhUta muni hai vaha bhavya jIva; zuddhAtma meM nirata hai rahatA sadaiva" // 84 // ye tapasvI madamatta karaNakuMjaroM ko svabhAva meM pratiSThita hone ke lie vazIbhUta kara lete haiN| vismayAvaha hai inakI tpsyaa| 2. 'niraJjana-zatakam' (saMskRta, 23 maI, 1977) evaM 'niraJjana-zataka' (hindI, 16 jUna, 1977) isa zataka meM niraJjana jinezvara athavA siddha parameSThI kA stavana kiyA gayA hai tAki bhavabhramaNa dhvasta ho ske| unhoMne ThIka hI kahA hai : "nijarucA sphurate bhavate'yate, guNagaNaM gaNanAtigakaM yate !
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 493 viditavizva ! vidA vijitAyate ! nanu namastata eSa jinAyate" // 2 // rASTrabhASA meM anUdita 'niraJjana-zataka' meM isa padya kA bhAva avalokanIya hai : "svAmI, ananta-guNa-dhAma bane hue ho, zobhAyamAna nija kI yuti se hue ho / mRtyuMjayI sakala-vijJa vibhAvanAzI; vandU~ tumheM, jina baneM sakalAvabhAzI(SI)" // 2 // he aja, (parame tiSThati - iti parameSThI) zAnti vidhAyaka, sukhasvarUpa ! ApakI stuti se ApakA sukhaprada zraddhAna athavA ApakI stuti kI kiraNAvalI mere isa hRdaya meM paramArtha se usa taraha atyadhika praveza kara rahI hai jisa taraha kI prabhApuMja sUrya kI kiraNeM sacchidra ghara meM praveza karatI rahI haiN| isa stavana se sabhI stotAoM kA hRdaya prakAzamaya ho sakatA hai| 3. 'bhAvanA-zatakam' (saMskRta, 11 maI, 1975) evaM bhAvanA-zataka' (hindI, 10 agasta, 1975, aparanAma 'tIrthaMkara aise bane') zrI guru aura zAradA ke stavana ke anantara apane prati zrutaviSaya para Ate hue munizrI kI kevala yahI bhAvanA hai ki 'vibhAva' bhAva para vijaya pAI jAya-AtmA meM saMkrAnta Agantuka doSoM kA nAza kiyA jAya / gantavyAnurUpa bhAvanA meM cetanA nirantara ekatAna rahe to siddhi mila sakatI hai| vastuta: yaha sArA khela bhAvanA kA hI hai| yahI prabala sAdhanA hai / usake avalamba se sAdhaka abhISTa taka pahu~ca sakatA hai / bhAvanA se darzanamoha naSTa ho jAtA hai-ananta kaSAya niHzeSa ho jAtA hai-sadbhAratI kI yaha UrdhvabAhu ghoSaNA hai / munizrI kA dRr3ha vizvAsa hai : . "taM jayatAjinAgamaH zraya zreyaso na yena vinA gamaH / ___ na hi kalayati manAgamastvAM mado yad bhave'nAgamaH" / / 77 // 0 "bhavatA nijAnubhavataH prabhoH prabhAvanA kriyatAM hi bhavataH / mano'van manobhavataH kSaNavinAzavibhAvavibhavataH" // 89 // ina donoM padoM kA manohArI citraNa Apane bhAvanA-zataka' meM kiyA hai| jahA~ kAmadeva se bacane kA sandeza dete haiM, vahIM prabhAvanA ko bhI batAte haiM : "thA, he jinAgama, rahe jayavanta Age, pUjo ise tuma sabhI, ura bodha jaage| pAte kadApi phira nA bhavaduHkha nAnA; ho mokSalAbha, bhava meM phira ho na AnA" // 77 // "bhAI suno, madana se mana ko bacAo, saMsAra ke viSaya meM ruci bhI na laao| pAo nijAnubhava ko, nija ko jagAo;
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________________ 494 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sad dharma kI phira apUrva prabhAvanA ho" // 89 // jo sAdhu, samAdhi se rahita ho ahaMkAra Adi apakAra ko nahIM rokatA hai vaha mantu-parameSThI ko prApta karane meM samartha nahIM hai / svakIya AtmA ko namana karatA huA maiM usa caura mAnava-parapadArthoM ko apanA mAnane vAle mAnava kI kabhI icchA nahIM karatA / munizrI jinavara ko sambodhita karate hue kahate haiM ki yathArthata: nija svabhAva meM lIna apadadigambara-nirgrantha sAdhu se hI yaha vaiyAvRtya suzobhita hotA hai, isa prakAra, jisa prakAra SaTpada bhramara se kamala aura pada vyavasAya udyoga se janapada, deza suzobhita hotA hai / munizrI kA anurodha yA Adeza hai ki una sAdhujanoM kI bhakti karo, unheM pUjo jo nija svarUpa meM lIna hote hue vana se bhaya nahIM karate aura bhavana meM koI icchA nahIM rakhate / AcAryazrI kA sandeza hai ki jisa prakAra agni ke saMyoga se kalaMka kA nAza hotA hai usI prakAra vAtsalya bhAva se AtmA kA kalaMka-doSa nAza ko prApta hotA hai| 4. * parISahajaya-zatakam' (saMskRta, 9 mArca, 1982) evaM 'parISahajaya-zataka' (hindI, 9 mArca, 1982, aparanAma 'jJAnodaya') deva, mAnava, pazu yA prakRti dvArA anAyAsa Ane vAlI zArIrika tathA mAnasika bAdhA upasarga hai aura sardIgarmI, bhUkha-pyAsa Adi bAdhAe~ parISaha kahI jAtI haiM / sAdhu ko ina para vijaya prApta karanI cAhie tAki Atma-cintana meM avarodha paidA na ho / karma-nirjarA ke lie inheM zAntabhAva se sahanA caahie| isI Azaya se munizrI kA kathana hai : "pariSahaM kalayan saha bhAvataH, sa hatadeharucinijabhAvataH / paramatattvavidA kalito yatiH, jayatu me tu mana: phalato'yati" // 23 // parISaha vijaya karane vAle munIzvaroM kA smaraNa karate hue Apane ina paMktiyoM kA bhAvAnuvAda kiyA hai : "tana se, mana se aura vacana se uSNa-parISaha sahate haiM, nirIha tana se ho nija dhyAte, bahAva meM nA bahate haiN| parama tattva kA bodha niyama se pAte yati jayazIla rhe| unakI yazagAthA gAne meM nizidina yaha mana lIna rahe" // 23 // unakA dRr3hasaMkalpa hai ki yadi kaNTakAdi tRNa pairoM meM nirantara pIr3A karatA hai aura gati meM antara, vyavadhAna lAtA hai to muni usase utpanna kaSTa ko vAstava meM sahana karate haiN| munizrI bhI bhedajJAna ke pratApa se usa vidyamAna kaSTa ko sahana karate haiN| unakA vizvAsa hai ki yadi sAdhaka saMyama se rahita rahA to mAtra zArIrika duSkara tapa nirarthaka hai / yaha ThIka hai ki vratanirata rahe sAdhaka, parantu parISaha jaya binA use bhI saphalatA nahIM miltii| yadi samadarzana nahIM hotA to yamadama-zama sabhI vyartha haiM / usa jIvana se kyA lAbha, jo pApa-kalaMka meM lipta rahatA hai / aisA jIvana khokhalA hai| * noTa - isa zataka ke padya kra. 4 meM evaM grantha ke anta meM bhI caturtha khaNDa ko parISahajaya-zataka' kahA gayA hai, para madhya meM zataka ke prArambha hone se pahale bhUla se 'sunIti-zataka' mudrita ho gayA hai| isI prakAra grantha ke anta meM 'stuti khaNDa' kA ullekha nahIM hai, para grantha meM yaha zIrSaka vidyamAna hai| vastuta: yaha zataka 'sunIti-zataka' hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 495 5. 'sunIti-zatakam' (saMskRta, 25 apraila, 1983) evaM 'sunIti-zataka' (hindI, 25 apraila, 1983) isa khaNDa kA antima zataka hai 'sunIti -zatakam' / isa zataka meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki sAdhaka ko nirantara nIti mArga para ArUr3ha rahanA caahie| aura santoM ne bhI kahA hai : "...nIti patha caliya rAga-rila jIti / " para nIti patha hai kyA-yaha jAnakara calanA apane Apa meM praguNita ho jAtA hai / sat kriyA to acchI hai hI, jJAnapUrvaka sampAdita hone se vaha aura guNavatI ho jAtI hai| ata: sAdhakoM ke kalyANa ke lie AcAryazrI ne isa zataka ko nIti-nirbhara kara rakhA hai| AcAryazrI ne ucita hI kahA hai ki zAstra vyavasAya ke lie nahIM banA hai, jIvana ko gantavyAnurUpa sAdhanA-patha para calane ke, dizAdAna ke lie banA hai| munizrI kA upadeza hai ki indriya viSayoM meM Asakta rahane vAle jo manuSya saMyama se sandhi nahIM karate haiM, ve kevala avasthA se vRddha ho sakate haiM, 'jJAna' aura 'saMyama' se nahIM / cAritra meM zithilatA rakhane vAle manuSya tiryak yoni meM paidA hote haiN| unakA vicAra hai ki cAritra aura sauzIlya kA saMyoga pAkara sAdhAraNa jJAna bhI pUrNatA ko prApta kara letA hai, ThIka vaise hI jaise uttama zANopala kA saMyoga pAkara svarNa kA mUlya itanA bar3ha jAtA hai ki vaha sajjanoM ke kaNTha kA alaMkAra bana jAtA hai| isa prakAra prathama khaNDa AcAryazrI kI saMskRta evaM hindI rUpa ubhayabhASAoM meM likhita maulika racanAoM se maNDita hokara sAdhakoM ke lie jJAnAloka kI varSA karatA hai aura ajJAna-andhakAra ko kSINa karatA huA ni:zeSa kara sakatA hai| isa khaNDa ke anta meM mudrita zAradA-jinavANI ke stavana hetu bAraha padya Apane 'zAradAstutiriyam' (saMskRta, 1971) nAma se likhe / bAda meM inakA bhAvAnuvAda hindI meM janavarI, 1991 meM AcAryazrI ne kara diyA hai| _ 'samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara' (do) khaNDa-do meM AcAryazrI dvArA anUdita racanAe~ saMkalita haiN| ina racanAoM meM kucha to mUlata: saMskRta meM haiM aura kucha apabhraMza evaM prAkRta meM / sAmAnya jijJAsujanoM ke lie ye bhASAe~ durbodha haiM / eka to gambhIra vicAra aura dUsare saMskRta, apabhraMza evaM prAkRta bhASA-ina dohare avarodhoM ko pAkara jJAnAmRta kA pAna karanA kitanA kaThina hai, isa bhAvanA se bharita hokara dayAzIla aura karuNArdra AcAryazrI ne ina granthoM kA hindI rUpAntaraNa kara diyA hai / etadartha hama saba unake RNI haiN| jaina gItA (28 agasta, 1976) ___prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha 756 gAthAoM vAlA 'samaNasuttaM' saMjJaka grantha kA yaha anUdita rUpa hai| isameM cAra khaNDa haiN| isake prathama khaNDa jyotirmukha' meM 15 sUtroM (prakaraNoM) ke antargata gAthAe~ samAhita haiM-maMgala sUtra, jinazAsana sUtra, saMgha sUtra, nirUpaNa sUtra, saMsAracakra sUtra, karma sUtra, mithyAtva sUtra, rAgaparihAra sUtra, dharma sUtra, saMyama sUtra, aparigraha sUtra, ahiMsA sUtra, apramAda sUtra, zikSA sUtra, Atma sUtra / dvitIya khaNDa 'mokSamArga' meM mokSamArga sUtra, ratnatraya sUtra (vyavahAra ratnatraya evaM nizcaya ratnatraya sUtra), samyaktva sUtra (vyavahAra aura nizcaya samyaktva evaM samyagdarzana aMga), samyagjJAna sUtra, samyak cAritra sUtra (vyavahAra evaM nizcaya cAritra sUtra evaM samanvaya sUtra), sAdhanA sUtra, dvividha dharma sUtra, zrAvaka dharma
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________________ 496 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sUtra, zramaNa dharma sUtra, vrata sUtra, samiti-gupti sUtra, Avazyaka sUtra, tapa sUtra (bAhya tapa aura Abhyantara tapa), dhyAna sUtra, anuprekSA sUtra, lezyA sUtra, AtmavikAsa sUtra, sallekhanA sUtra-isa prakAra kula 18 sUtroM ke antargata gAthAe~ isa khaNDa meM saMkalita haiN| 'tattva darzana' nAmaka tRtIya khaNDa tattva darzana se sambaddha hai| isameM tattva darzana sUtra, dravya sUtra, sRSTi sUtra jaise tIna sUtroM ke antargata gAthAoM kA saMkalana hai / caturtha khaNDa 'syAdvAda' meM anekAnta sUtra, pramANa sUtra (pratyakSa-parokSa pramANa), naya sUtra, syAdvAda-saptabhaMgI sUtra, samanvaya sUtra, nikSepa sUtra ke sAtha samApana evaM vIra-stavana ke antargata bhI gAthAoM kA samAveza hai| isa khaNDa meM kula 8 sUtra haiN| kundakunda kA kundana (26 akTUbara, 1977) AcArya kundakunda svAmI dvArA prAkRta bhASA meM praNIta 'samayasAra' kA yaha anUdita rUpa hai / yaha grantha bhuktimukti kA bIja hai / isa grantha meM jIvAjIvAdhikAra, kartRkarmAdhikAra, puNyapApAdhikAra, AsravAdhikAra, saMvarAdhikAra, nirjarAdhikAra. bandhAdhikAra. mokSAdhikAra evaM sarvavizaddha jJAnAdhikAra kA samAveza hai| isa grantha kA anuvAda karane meM AcAryazrI ke samakSa kucha kaThinAiyA~ bhI AI haiM, jinakA ullekha unhoMne isa grantha meM kiyA hai / grantha paryApta gambhIra hai, ata: kaI TIkA-praTIkAoM kA sahArA lenA par3A / unhoMne mAnA hai ki kahIMkahIM zabdAnuvAda bhI hai, para adhisaMkhya bhAvAnuvAda jaisA uttama aura prazasta rUpAntaraNa huA hai| isa grantharAja samayasAra' para eka vRtti 'tAtparya' saMjJaka hai, jo jayasenAcArya dvArA praNIta hai / tadupari pUjya amRtacandra kI 'AtmakhyAti' kA bhI manthana karanA par3A / cetanA kI lIlAnubhUti se ApyAyita antas samucchala ho uThA aura layAdhRta chanda meM nirbAdha baha calA / yahI hai sArasvata samAveza dazA, jisameM anubhUti 'samucitazabdacchandovRttAdiniyantrita' hokara baha nikalatI hai| kAvya kI racanA-prakriyA kA vivecana karate hue abhinavaguptapAda ne yahI kahA hai / 'samayasAra' kA hI nahIM, nATyakAvyAtmaka AtmakhyAtigata kalazArUpa 278 kArikAoM kA bhI rUpAntara bana par3A hai / AcArya kundakunda kI tIna racanAe~ bar3I praur3ha mAnI jAtI haiM - pravacanasAra, paJcAstikAya tathA samayasAra / amRtacandrasUri ne ina tInoM para TIkAe~ likhI haiN| ina ubhaya TIkAoM meM gAthAoM kI saMkhyA samAna nahIM miltii| samasyA yaha bhI AI-AcArya amRtacandra kI TIkAoM meM kama aura AcArya jayasena kI TIkAoM meM adhika gAthAe~ kyoM haiM ? ___ 'pravacanasAra' kI cUlikA kA avalokana karate hue 'strImukti niSedha' vAle prasaMga para dhyAna gayA / vahIM 1012 gAthAe~ chUTI haiN| AcArya amRtacandra ne ina para TIkAe~ nahIM likhiiN| isase anumAna kiyA gayA ki AcArya amRtacandra ko strImukti niSedha kA prasaMga iSTa pratIta nahIM thaa| ina TIkAoM kI prazastioM se patA lagatA hai AcArya jayasena mUlasaMgha ke aura amRtacandra sUri kASThAsaMgha ke siddha haiN| AcAryazrI ko isase eka navIna viSaya milaa| gambhIra granthAntara kA adhigama, bhASAntaraNa, layabaddha padyabaddhIkaraNa - yaha saba eka se eka kaThina kArya haiM, para lagana aura abhyAsa se saba kucha sambhava hai / AtmakhyAtigata 278 kArikAoM kA saMkalana-'kalazA' nAma se khyAta hai| isake 188 veM kAvya ke viSaya meM chanda ko lekara ke kaThinAI AI / vaha na gadya jAna par3A aura na padya / kAphI jaddojahada ke bAda lagA ki yaha to nirAlA aura ajJeya kI racanAoM meM prApta atukAnta chanda kA prAcIna rUpa hai| isameM eka khoja yaha bhI huI ki AcArya amRtacandra saMskRta layAtmaka kAvya ke Adya AviSkartA haiN| AcAryazrI ne una logoM se asahamati vyakta kI hai jo loga zabdajJAna, arthajJAna aura jJAnAnubhUti ko parigrahavAn gRhastha aura pramatta meM bhI mAnate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki jJAnAnubhUti to AtmAnubhava hai-zuddhopayoga hai / vaha parigraha aura pramAdavAle gRhastha ko to kyA hogA-pramatta digambara muni ko bhI nahIM ho sktaa| bhoga aura nirjarA eka sAtha nahIM cala sakate / Agama isa mAnyatA se asahamata hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 497 nijAmRtapAna/ kalazAgIta' (21 apraila, 1978) 'samayasAra' kA padyAnuvAda 'kundakunda kA kundana' aura adhyAtma rasa se bharapUra 'samayasAra-kalaza' kA padyAnuvAda 'nijAmRtapAna' (kalazAgIta' nAma se bhI) hai / yaha grantha saMskRta meM mUlarUpa meM hai / isameM deva-zAstra-guru stavana ke bAda, 'jJAnodaya chanda' meM kalazoM kA padyabaddha rUpAntara prastuta huA hai| isakA lakSya hai jaina cintana meM prayukta pAribhASika zabdAvalI kI gA~The khula jAya~ tAki pAThaka usakA bharapUra AsvAda le sakeM / isameM kaI adhikAra haiMjIvAjIvAdhikAra, kartRkarmAdhikAra, puNyapApAdhikAra, AsravAdhikAra, saMvarAdhikAra, nirjarAdhikAra, bandhAdhikAra, mokSAdhikAra, sarvavizuddhajJAnAdhikAra, syAdvAdAdhikAra tathA sAdhyasAdhakAdhikAra / antata: maMgalakAmanA ke sAtha yaha bhASAntara sampanna huA hai| dravyasaMgraha (11 jUna, 1978 evaM 16 maI, 1991) mUlata: yaha grantha prAkRta bhASA meM hai| isake racayitA haiM nemicandra siddhAntideva / maMgalAcaraNa, zrIguru namana tathA grantha ke nirmANa kAla aura sthAna nirdeza ke sAtha yaha bhASAntara alaga-alaga chandoM meM kie jAne se do bhAgoM meM mudrita huA hai| 'vasantatilakA' chanda meM anUdita prathama bhAga meM jaina darzana ke vivecya viSaya carcita hue haiN| jaise, jIva svadeha parimANa hai| vaha svabhAvavaza UrdhvagAmI hotA hai| darzana ke cAra bheda, jJAna ke mati, zruta, avadhi jaise bheda, pratyakSa aura parokSa jJAna kA nirUpaNa, utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyayukta sat dravya, caturvidha guNayukta pudgala, pA~ca astikAya, karma, bandha, saMvara tathA nirjarA Adi tattvoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| sabakA paryavasAna mokSa meM hai| 'dravya saMgraha' bhAga do-meM 'jJAnodaya' chanda meM isa grantha ko puna: anUdita kiyA gayA hai / pUrvokta viSaya rUpa hI jIva-ajIva, aSTa karma, aSTa guNa, zuddha AtmA kA karmAtIta aura vaibhAvika guNoM se rahita honA, karmoM ke vividha bhedoM, samyagdarzana, jJAna, cAritra kA nirUpaNa, pUrNa jJAnarUpa kevalajJAna kI prApti Adi bhI varNita hai| aSTapAhur3a (31 akTUbara, 1978) AcArya kundakunda deva praNIta prAkRta bhASAbaddha grantha kA yaha padyabaddha rUpAntara nitAnta upAdeya aura kalyANakara hai| isake Arambha meM maMgalAcaraNa aura AcAryoM ko namana hai / tadanantara jinAgama kA rahasya anAvRta kiyA gayA hai| isameM darzana pAhur3a, sUtra pAhur3a, cAritra pAhur3a, bodha pAhur3a, bhAva pAhur3a, mokSa pAhur3a, liMga pAhur3a tathA zIla pAhur3a kA vivaraNa prastuta kara anya granthoM kI taraha isakA bhI samApana nirmANa ke sthAna evaM samaya paricaya ke sAtha huA hai| niyamasAra (25 agasta, 1979) AcArya kundakunda praNIta prAkRta bhASAbaddha 'niyamasAra' kA yaha bhASAntaraNa padyabaddha rUpa meM prastuta huA hai| moha aura pramAda ke nivAraNArtha yaha padyamaya anuvAda kiyA gayA hai| kevalI yA zrutakevalI AcAryoM ne jisa niyamasAra ko kahA hai, vahI yahA~ vidyamAna hai / pravRtti evaM nivRtti to prANimAtra ke lakSaNa haiM, para mokSAdhikArI mAnava ko svairAcAra varjita hai| use yadi svabhAva se pratiSThita honA hai to niyama-saMyama pUrvaka jijIviSA kI caritArthatA ke lie caryA banAnI par3egI: 0 "jo doSa mukta kRta kArita sammatI se, to zuddha, prAsuka yathAgama-paddhatI se /
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________________ 498 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sAgara anna dina meM yadi dAna detA, le sAmya dhAra, muni eSaNa pAla letA / / 63 / / . pAle use satata sAdhu, sukhI banAtI" // 64 // O isa taraha tamAma vidhi-niSedhamaya niyama yahA~ batAe gae haiN| sthAna, samaya, paricaya tathA maMgalakAmanA ke sAtha grantha pUrNa huA hai| dvAdazAnuprekSA (1979) AcArya kundakunda svAmI dvArA prAkRta bhASA meM likhe gae grantha kA yaha padyAnuvAdAtmaka bhASAntaraNa hai / dvAdaza bhAvanAe~ hI dvAdaza anuprekSAe~ haiM : "saMsAra, loka, vRSa, Asrava, nirjarA hai, anyatva aura azuci, adhruva, saMvarA hai / ekatva au azaraNA avabodhanA ye; bhAve sudhI satata dvAdaza bhAvanAyeM " // 12 // isameM anitya, azaraNa, ekatva, anyatva, saMsAra, loka, azuci, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, bodhidurlabha tathA dharma- ina anuprekSAoM kA mArmika vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| samantabhadra kI bhadratA (29 mArca, 1980) AcArya samantabhadra svAmI kI saMskRta bhASA meM eka racanA hai - 'svayambhU - stotram' / prastuta grantha usI kA - padyabaddha bhASAntaraNa hai| isameM stotavya caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA stavana kiyA gayA hai| jinakA stavana kiyA gayA hai, ve haiM zrI vRSabhanAtha, ajitanAtha, zambhavanAtha, abhinandananAtha, sumatinAtha, padmaprabha, supArzvanAtha, candraprabha, puSpadanta, zItalanAtha, zreyonAtha, vAsupUjya, vimalanAtha, anantanAtha, dharmanAtha, zAntinAtha, kunthunAtha, arahanAtha, mallinAtha, munisuvratanAtha, naminAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura antata: vIra stavana ke sAtha yathApUrva isa grantha kA bhI samApana huA hai| guNodaya (26 akTUbara, 1980 ) AcArya guNabhadra praNIta saMskRta bhASAbaddha 'AtmAnuzAsana' grantha kI AcArya zrI dvArA padyabaddha huI isa kRti meM jina darzana ke dazavidha samyagdarzanoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - AjJA, mArga, sadupadeza, sUtra, bIja, samAsa (saMkSepa), vistRta (vistAra) tathA artha samudbhava, avagAr3ha aura paramAvagAr3ha samyaktva / isameM ina sabakA rahasyodghATana kiyA gayA hai | kahA gayA hai 0:0 "sadgati sukha ke sAdhaka guNagaNa jinheM apekSita pyAre haiM, durgati dukha ke kAraNa sAre hue upekSita khAre haiM / phalata: sAdhaka ko bhajate haiM adhika vidhAyaka ko tajate; subudha janoM meM zreSTha raheM ve jana-jana haiM unako bhajate" / / 145 / /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 499 ataH "guNI rahA jo vahI niyama se vividha guNoM kA nilaya rahA, vilaya guNoM kA honA hI basa, huA guNI kA vilaya rhaa| ata: 'mokSa' guNa guNI vilaya hI anya matoM kA abhimata hai; rAgAdika kI kintu hAni hI mokSa rahA yaha 'jinamata' hai" // 265 // . rayaNamaMjUSA (4 apraila, 1981) AcArya samantabhadra praNIta saMskRta meM nibaddha ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra' kI yaha bhASAntarita padyabaddha kRti hai| yaha eka aisI maMjUSA hai jisameM zrAvakavarga ke lie upadeza ke ratna bhare hue haiN| jo inheM apane jIvana meM utAratA hai, vaha jIvana ko caritArtha kara letA hai| kahA gayA hai : "mithyAdarzana Adika se jo nija ko rItA kara pAyA, doSarahita vidyA darzana vrata ratnakaraNDaka kara paayaa| dharma artha kI kAma mokSa kI siddhi usI kA varaNa kare; tIna loka meM pati-icchA se svayaM usI meM ramaNa kare" // 149 // AptamImAMsA (16 sitambara, 1983) AcArya samantabhadra svAmI dvArA saMskRta bhASAbaddha 'AptamImAMsA' (devAgamastotram) kA AcAryazrI dvArA padyabaddha yaha bhASAntaraNa hai / isameM Aptajana kahate haiM : "vidheya hai pratiSedhya vastu kA avirodhI suna Arya mahA, kAraNa, hai vaha iSTa kArya kA aMga rahA anivArya rhaa| Apasa meM AdeyapanA au heyapanA kA pUraka hai; syAdvAdavaza yahI rahA saba vAdoM kA unmUlaka hai" // 113 // ekAnta nahIM, anekAnta dRSTi hI saMgata hai| iSTopadeza (1971 evaM 20 disambara, 1990) AcArya pUjyapAda kRta saMskRta bhASAbaddha 'iSTopadeza' kA AcAryazrI dvArA isakA bhASAntaraNa ('vasantatilakA' evaM 'jJAnodaya' chanda meM pRthak-pRthak padyabaddha) do bAra kiyA gayA hai| inameM mohagrasta jIva kI durdazA aura taporata kI svasthatA kA taraha-taraha se varNana milatA hai / eka pada dekheM : "nA jAnanA pariSahAdika ko virAgI, hotA na Asava jise vaha mokSamArgI / adhyAtma yogabala se phalata: usI kI; hotI sahI! niyama se nita nirjarA hii"||24||
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________________ 500 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sat - zAstra ke manana, zrIguru ke bhASaNa, vijJAnAtmA sphuTa netroM kI sahAyatA se jo sAdhaka yahA~ sva-para ke antara ko tA hai vahI mAnoM sabhI prakAra se paramAtmA rUpa ziva ko jAna letA hai| sudhI vahI hotA hai jo iSTopadeza kA jJAna prApta kare aura avadhAnapUrvaka use jIvana meM utaare| mAna-apamAna meM samAna rhe| vana ho yA bhavana sarvatra sAdhaka ko nirAgrahI honA cAhie | use cAhie ki vaha nirupama mukti sampadA pAle aura bhavoM kA nAza kara bhavyatA prApta kare / isa prakAra isameM aniSTakara sthitiyoM se nivRtti aura iSTakara sthitiyoM meM pravRtti kI bAta hai / gommaTeza aSTaka (1979) AcArya nemIcandra siddhAntacakravartI praNIta prAkRta bhASAbaddha 'gommaTesa - thudi' kRti kA AcAryazrI dvArA padyAnuvAda prastuta huA hai| isa kRti meM gommaTeza bAhubalI bhagavAn kA stavana huA hai| : " kAma dhAma se dhana- kaMcana se sakala saMga se dUra hue, zUra hue mada-moha - mAra kara samatA se bharapUra hue / eka varSa taka eka thAna thita nirAhAra upavAsa kiye; isIlie basa gomaTeza jina mama mana meM aba vAsa kie" // 8 // - kalyANamandira stotra (1971) AcAryazrI kumudacandra praNIta prastuta kRti mUlataH saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai / AcAryazrI ne usakA padyAnuvAda prastuta kiyA hai / isa kRti meM una kalyANanidhi, udAra, aghanAzaka tathA vizvasAra jina pada nIraja ko namana kiyA gayA hai jo saMsAravAridhi se sva-para kA santaraNa karane ke lie svayam pota svarUpa haiN| jisa mada ko brahmA aura maheza bhI nahIM jIta sake, use ina jinendroM ne kSaNa bhara meM jalAkara khAka kara diyaa| yahA~ aisA jala hai jo Aga ko pI jAtA hai| kyA vAr3avAgni se jala nahIM piyA gayA hai ? "svAmI ! mahAna garimAyuta Apako ve, saMsAri jIva gaha, dhAra sva- vakSa meM au / kaise su Azu bhavasAgara pAra hote; Azcarya ! sAdhu jana kI mahimA acintya " / // / 12 // nandIzvara bhakti (16 jUna, 1991) AcArya pUjyapAda praNIta saMskRta bhASAbaddha 'nandIzvara bhakti' kA padyabaddha bhAvAnuvAda AcAryazrI dvArA sampanna kiyA gayA hai isa kRti meM : " dvIpa rahA jo aSTama jisane 'nandIzvara' vara nAma dharA, nandIzvara sAgara se pUraNa, Apa ghirA abhirAma kharA / zazi- sama zItala jisake atizaya - yaza se basa ! daza dizA khilI; bhUmaNDala hI huA prabhAvita, isa RSi ko bhI dizA milI" // 11 //
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 501 isa prakAra pUrI kRti nandIzvara bhakti se ApUrita hai| samAdhisudhA-zatakam (1971) AcArya pUjyapAda praNIta saMskRta bhASAbaddha samAdhitantra' kA AcAryazrI dvArA padyAnuvAda prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa kRti meM una adhogAmI jIvoM kI bhartsanA kI gaI hai jinhoMne mithyAtva ke udaya se jar3a deha ko hI AtmA samajha rakhA hai / aisA mohagrasta rAgI apane 'svabhAva' ko kabhI nahIM samajha sakatA / ata: racayitA kahatA hai : 0 "jo grantha tyAga, ura meM ziva kI apekSA, mokSArtha mAtra rakhatA, sabakI upekSA / hotA vivAha usakA zivanAri-saMga; to mokSa cAha yadi hai bana tU nisNg"|| 71 // "jo Atma dhyAna karatA dinaraina tyAgI, hotA vahI parama Atama viitraagii| saMgharSa meM vipina meM svayameva vRkSa; hotA yathA anala hai ayi bhavya dkss!"|| 98 // yogasAra (1971) AcArya yogIndra deva dvArA racita apabhraMza bhASAbaddha yogasAra' kA padyAnuvAda rASTrabhASA meM AcAryazrI dvArA lokahitArtha kiyA gayA hai / isa kRti meM racayitA kI pratizruti hai : _ "jo ghAtikarma ripu ko kSaNa meM bhagAye, arhanta hokara ananta catuSka paaye| to lAkha bAra nama zrI jina ke padoM meM; pazcAt kahU~ sarasa zrAvya sukAvya ko maiM" // 2 // "jo haiM jinendra suna ! Atama hai vahI re ! 'siddhAntasAra' yaha jAna sadA sahI re ! yoM ThIka jAnakara tU ayi bhavyayogI ! sadya: ata: kuTilatA taja moha ko bhI" // 21 // ekIbhAva (1971) AcArya vAdirAja praNIta saMskRta bhASAbaddha isa kRti kA 'mandAkrAntA chanda' meM padyabaddha bhASAntaraNa AcAryazrI dvArA kiyA gayA hai / isa kRti meM yaha kahA jA rahA hai ki jaba ArAdhaka ke hRdaya meM ArAdhya se ekIbhAva ho gayA hai, taba yaha bhava-jalana kaise ho rahI hai ? "kaise hai au ! phira aba mujhe duHkha dAvA jlaataa?"||6|| racayitA kA hRdaya pukAra uThatA hai :
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________________ 502 :: 'samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara' ( tIna ) 'samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara' kA khaNDa tIna, AcAryazrI ke dugdha - dhavala hRdaya kA svataH sphUrta samucchala pravAha bhASA meM phUTa par3A hai| isameM unakA kavi mukhara hai, anyatra unakA dArzanika aura ArAdhaka santa udgrIva hai / kuntaka vicitrabhaNiti ko kAvya kahate haiM / gosvAmI tulasIdAsajI kA pakSa hai : 1. " bhaNiti vicitra sukavi kRta joI, rAmanAma binu soha na soI / ' kAvya kA kendrIya tattva 'saundarya' sukavikRta cAhe jitanI vicitra bhaNiti ho, para unakI dRSTi meM binA bhAgavat cetanA saMsparza ke vaha vyakta nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra santaziromaNi AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI mAnyatA hai ki unakI aura una jaise santoM kI prakRti aura ruci taba taka saundarya kA unmeSa nahIM mAnatI, jaba taka kAvyocita sArA pravAha zAnta paryavasAyI na ho / vyAsa kA mahAbhArata kAvya bhI bhavavirasAvasAyI aura zAntaparyavasAyI hI hai / abhiprAya yaha ki yaha bhAratIya paramparA sammata hai / 1. narmadA kA narama kaMkara (1980) chattIsa kavitAoM ke saMgraha svarUpa isa kAvya saMgrahagata kavitAoM meM nimna bhAva vyaMjita hotA hai : vacana sumana : isameM racayitA zakti srota ke prati kRtajJatA vyakta karatA huA apane vacana sumana arpita karatA hai| 3. mUkamATI-mImAMsA 4. "jo koI bhI manuja mana meM Apako dhAra dhyAtA, bhavyAtmA yoM avirala prabho ! Apa meM lau lagAtA / jaldI se hai ziva sadana kA zreSTha jo mArga pAtA; zreyomArgI vaha tuma suno ! paMcakalyANa pAtA " // 24 // 2. he Atman ! : yaha saMsAra vikala, azAnta aura vizrAnta kevala isalie hai ki usane apane hRdaya meM vItarAga kI pratiSThApanA kahA~ kI ? 5. 6. - 7. mAnasa haMsa : isameM racayitA anuttara se uttara cAhatA hai ki usakA mAnasa haMsa kyoM tumhAre zrIpAda se nirgata ameya Ananda sAgara meM nakhapaMktiyoM ke misa bikharI maNiyoM ko cugane ke lie itanA vyagra hai ? apane meM... eka bAra : racayitA isameM usa pAvApurI kI dharatI kA smaraNa kara rahA hai jahA~ se jinendra mahAvIra ne dhyAna-yAna para ArUr3ha ho nija dhAma ko prayANa kiyA thaa| vahA~ kI latA, phUla, pavana, bhramara va dharatI tRNa binduoM ke vyAja se apane dRga - binduoM dvArA mAnoM mahAvIra kA pAda prakSAlana kara rahI hoM / bhagavad bhakta : isameM kI gaI yaha vismayAvaha anubhUti ki vaha paudgalika labAde rUpa zarIra se mukta hokara sahaja Urdhvagamana karatA jA rahA hai, para akasmAt guru caraNoM kA gurutvAkarSaNa pratipAta ke lie sira jhukA detA hai aura unakI caraNa-raja mastaka para jJAnanetra kI zobhA pAtA hai| isa yAtrA meM samasta bAdhaka kAla-kAma dhvasta ho rahe haiM / ekAkI yAtrI : ekAkI yAtrI Urdhvagamana to kara rahA hai para avarodha aura bAdhAoM se jUjha bhI rahA hai, apAra pAragAmI bhagavAn se dizAnirdeza aura sahArA cAhatA hai / eka aura bhUla : isameM sAdhaka svabhAva meM pratiSThita hone ke lie eka athaka prayAsa to kara rahA hai, para vaha mAyA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 503 ke usa kAluSya aura kauTilya ko lakSita nahIM kara pA rahA hai jo uttamAMga para kAle bAloM ke vyAja se chAe hue haiN| 8. manamAnA mana : isameM racayitA jAnatA hai ki mana hI bandha aura mokSa-donoM meM upayogI hai / bandha meM upayogI hone kI to usakI purAnI Adata hai para usameM prayAsapUrvaka viveka jAgrata kiyA jA sakatA hai aura anukUla banAkara sAdhA jA sakatA hai, tabhI vibhAva se svabhAva kI ora bar3hA jA sakatA hai| zeSa rahA carcana : isameM racayitA kahatA hai ki malayAcala ke nAgina vyApta candana ke sparza se maNDita gandhavaha svayaM bhagavat caraNoM kA sparza kara apane Upara ma~DarAte alidala ko bhI caraNasparza kI preraNA detA hai| caraNasparza karate hI nakhadarpaNa meM kAle Atmapratibimba ko dekhakara unheM glAni hotI hai aura unakA kAyAkalpa ho jAtA hai| ve gunagunAte hue mAnoM kahate jAte haiM-bhrAmarI vRtti apanAo / para kheda hai viSayAnurAgIjana unhIM caraNoM meM nata rahakara bhI Atmagata kAluSya kA kSAlana nahIM kara paate| prabho ! unheM sadbuddhi do tAki ve moha-mAna kA vamana kara skeN| 10. mAnasadarpaNa meM : kavayitA apanI cintA una tathAkathita zraddhAluoM ke sambandha meM vyakta karatA hai jo putra-kalatra sahita prabhu ke caraNoM meM nata to hote haiM para apanA mAnasadarpaNa svaccha nahIM kara paate|| 11. bindu meM kyA...? : niSThAvAn upAsaka kI adamya abhIpsA hai ki vaha apane vyaktitva ke bindu ko mahAsattA ke sindhu meM vilIna kara de / para bindu meM yaha bhAva jage to sahI-sthira banA to rhe| 12. narmadA kA narama kaMkara : racayitA kI vyagratA-garbha prArthanA hai tIrthaMkaroM se ki vaha yA to isa narmadA ke kaMkara ko phor3a-phor3akara AsamAna meM uchAla de yA phira isameM antarhita zaMkara ke svarUpa ko gar3ha-gar3hakara ubhAra de|| 13. pUrNa hotI pA~khur3I : akasmAt vandanIya caraNoM meM samarpita hone kI bhAvanA to apramANa parimANa meM jagI, para na to hAtha jur3e, na vandana ke svara nikale / viparIta isake viSaya dAhadagdha cira tRSita cetanA aparUpa para jAkara Tika gaI, ThIka usa taraha jaise grISmatApa tapta dharatI varSA kA jala binA zvAsa lie pItI hai| 14. prabhu mere meM-maiM mauna : ziSya ne prabhu ke darzana kie, lagA prakAzapuMja prabhulocana praticchavi meM taira rahe haiN| tanmayatA ne gauNa-pradhAna-bhAva ko dhvasta kara diyA, tabhI yaha bhAvanA uThI ki yaha cira bujhA dIpa usa prakAzapuMja Alokamaya kA Aloka grahaNa kara Alokamaya ho jAya / para patA nahIM vaha kauna durdharSa vyavadhAna thA jo vaha saba na hone diyaa| zaraNa kI yAcanA umar3a utthii| 15. samarpaNa dvAra para : digambarI dIkSA ke anantara prakAzapuMja guruvarya se kannaDabhASI ziSya pAradarzI svaccha bhASA meM 'samayasAra' ke jJAna jala se aisA ApyAyita huA ki lagA jaise vaha saba bhedoM ko pAra kara prakAzapuMja bana gayA hai| 16. jIvita samayasAra : 'samayasAra' ke ucca zRMga se jJAnagaMgA kA nirjarA paryavasAyI jhara-jhara pravAha upAsaka kI ora calA A rahA hai| usakI cetanA usameM niSNAta hai, para maMz2ila se haTakara jisakI dRSTi paddhati (karmakANDa) para hI Tika gaI hai-use kyA kahA jAya ? 17. zaraNacaraNa : upAsaka kI cetanA kumudinI ko sadala praphullita karane vAle upAsya ke mukhamaNDala se zaraccandra kA pUrNa candra lajjita hokara usake caraNoM para nakhamaNDala ke rUpa meM zaraNa grahaNa kara rahA hai| 18. darpaNa meM eka aura darpaNa : upAsya nimitta banakara upAsaka rUpa upAdAna meM antarhita sampUrNa sambhAvanA ko upalabdhi meM pariNata kara detA/sakatA hai| para upAdAna meM bhI pAtratA honI caahie| gulAba kA raMga sphaTika meM hI pratibimbita hotA hai, nirA pASANa meM nhiiN| 19. vaMzIdhara ko : vivaza hokara mana ne zruta kA sahArA lekara gantavya taka pahu~cane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / phalata: vaha
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________________ 504 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA zvAsa nAbhimaNDala se pratikramA ke rUpa meM hRdaya-kamala-cakra pAra karatA brahmarandha taka use pahu~cAtA huA UrdhvagamyamAna hai aura ApakA zrutimadhura saMgIta zravaNa kara rahA hai / kyA avaMzajA mAdhavIlatA vaMzAzrita hokara bhI vaMzamukta ho lahalahAtI huI nahIM jItI ? 20. vibhAva- abhAva : he prabho ! Apane svabhAvaniSTha hokara vibhAva-prabhava krodha ko samUla ucchinna kara diyA hai / tabhI karuNA-nirbhara Apake netroM meM aruNa varNa kI lAlimA nahIM hai / 21. he nirabhimAna : aharniza svabhAva-nirata hone ke kAraNa mAna abhimAna kA bhAva bhI Apase prayANa kara cukA hai, tabhI nAsikA campaka phUla ko jIta rahI hai / 22. AkAra meM nirAkAra : isa racanA meM gambhIra kintu amUrta adhyAtma kSetra kI rahasyAnubhUti vyakta huI hai / 23. sthitaprajJA : mokSamArga kI tInoM rekhAe~ cetanA ke bhItarI bhAga meM pratiSThita hokara sabako prabhAvita karatI huI kambuvat grIvA meM bhI ubhara AI haiM - jisakI chaTA se lajjita hokara zaMkha ne samudra meM DUba kara rahanA behatara samajhA / 24. adharoM para : he prabho ! yaha anumAna se nahIM, apitu pratyakSa pramANa se siddha hai ki Apake vizAla pRthula udara ke andara Ananda kA aparampAra sAgara laharA rahA hai, anyathA adhara se aisI jJAnamayI taraMgeM kaise uchalatIM ? 25. arpaNa : he prabho ! kyA bAta hai ki amA aura pratipadA ko sudhA kA Akara bhI AkAza meM dRSTigocara nahIM hotA ? lagatA hai vaha bhI kisI Atapa se klAnta hokara Apake pAdaprAnta kI chA~va meM par3A rahatA hai| 26. lAghava bhAva : mahAn kI mahattA anubhavagocara hone para hI apanA lAghava bhAva anubhava meM utarane lagatA hai / 27. pratIkSA meM : zukti samudra ke agAdha jala se Upara Akara hara jalada khaNDa se nahIM, kevala svAti ke jala kI apekSA pratIkSArata rahatI hai ki muktA rUpa Dhalane vAlI bU~da usa para gire tAki usakI kokha caritArthatA kA anubhava kare / yahI manodazA jijJAsu upAsaka ke mana kI hotI hai| 28. amana : manoja ke bANa se dUra rahane para hI amana kA anubhava hotA hai / 29. vahIM vahIM kitanI bAra : svabhAva se kaTA huA mAnava telI ke baila kI taraha vahIM kA vahIM bhava-bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai / svabhAvagAmI puruSArtha hI vibhAva se mukti dilA sakatA hai| prabhu kA sahArA bhara caahie| 30. DUbA mana rasanA meM : svaparabodhavihInA rasanA kI kSudhA kabhI yoM hI miTI hai ? para jaba yaha jJAta huA ki rasanA parAzrita rasa cakha nahIM sakatI, taba Atmarasa ke nimitta samAhita huA aura rasamagna ho gayA / 31. dIna nayana nA : he karuNAkara ! aisI zakti do ki viSayoM-kaSAyoM meM sallIna mAnava ke mukha se azrAvya vacana sunakara vikalatA anubhava nayanoM se na Tapake / 32. rAjasI sparzA : rAjasI sparza kI tRSA kauna-kauna se kone nahIM jha~kAe, para jaba yaha jJAta huA ki merI cetanA tattvata: sparzAtItA hai jabaki yaha to vaibhAvikI rAjasI sparzA hai / 33. -zrAvya se pare : jisa prakAra azrAvya se, usI prakAra zrAvya stavana yA prazaMsA se bhI he mana ! tU prabhAvita na ho / 34. o nAsA : sparzanendriya, rasanendriya, zrotendriya kI bhA~ti ghrANendriya bhI sva-anapekSa paragandha ghrANana kI vAsanA se klAnta rahatI hai| para merI svabhAva cetanA anAsA hai / use na durgandha se kucha lenA na sugandha se / vaha ubhayAtIta AtmagandhA hai / basa, prabhu ke caraNoM kA sahArA paryApta hai / 35. saba meM vahI maiM : he amUrta zilpa ke zilpI ! aisI guNAvabhAsikA AsikA do ki vaha merI nAsikA dhruvaguNa kI upAsikA bana jAya /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA : : 505 36. huA hai jAgaraNa : he nirAvaraNa ! isa cetanA ne anAdi bhUla se sAvaraNa kA varaNa kara liyA hai / phalataH ananta kAla se janana-jarA-maraNa sahatI AyI hai, kintu aba sukRtavaza jAgaraNa ho cukA hai / ata: Apake nAmoccAraNa kA sahArA lekara tuma sA nirAmaya hone ko prastuta hai / 2. DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI (1981) isa saMgraha meM kula 42 racanAe~ haiM / AcAryazrI kA mantavya hai ki jaba gaharAI kA Ananda lene ke lie DubakI lagAnA cAho, to pahale tairanA sIkhanA hogA aura tairane ke abhyAsa ke lie tumbI kA sahArA anivArya hai / isa kalA meM niSNAta ho jAne para hI DubakI lagAnA sambhava hai / taba sahAre ko bhI chor3anA par3atA hai, anyathA vaha bAdhaka hI bnegii| taba hAtha-pA~va mAranA bhI bAdhaka banegA / tairane kI kalA meM niSNAta cetanA hI Azvasta aura svAyatta hogI / jJAna guNa sphuraNa ke lie AgamAloka - Alor3ana, guruvacana - zramaNa - cintana Avazyaka hai| yahI tairAkI kI kalA meM niSNAta hone ke lie tumbI hai / isa mukhya racanA ke atirikta anya prakAra kI bhI bhAva aura vicAra kI taraMgeM samucchalita haiM / kahIM gantavya kI dhairya aura AsthA ke sAtha bhora kI pratyAzA meM yAtrA hai, kahIM caraNoM meM dRSTi jhukI hai| kahIM pIyUSa bharI A~kheM haiM to kahIM manmatha kA manthana / kabhI lagatA hai ki kAphI vilamba ho gayA para aba vilamba mata karo / sudhAvarSaNa se zAnta zuddha paramahaMsa banA do ise / 3. totA kyoM rotA (1984) isa saMkalana meM kula 55 racanAe~ haiM / isakI pramukha kavitA 'totA kyoM rotA' meM dAtA aura pAtra - AdAtA ke pahalA prazasti kI apekSA rakhatA hai aura pAtra - AdAtA mAna-sammAna kii| donoM ko donoM se apekSita nahIM milatA dekhakara vRkSa kI DAla para baiThA totA pathika pAtra - AdAtA kI ora nihAratA hai / socatA hai yaha kSaNa usake lie puNyakara hai / vaha rasamaya paripakva phala cuna kara sasammAna pathika pAtra - AdAtA ko denA hI cAhatA hai ki atithi kI ora se bhASA kI zurUAta hotI hai| dAna apane zrama se arjita kA hotA hai, dUsare kI cIja curAkara dAna denA corI hai| aisA upakAra dAna kA nATaka hai| apane zrama se arjita AtmIya kA dAna hI dAna hai| dAna kI yaha kathA sunakara usakA mana 'vyathita hotA hai aura apanI akarmaNyatA para vaha rotA hai| prabhu se prArthanA kI jAtI hai ki isakA agalA jIvana zramazIla bane / pake phala ko cintA hotI hai ki kahIM abhyAgata khAlI lauTa na jAya, ataH pavana ko izArA karatA hai ki vaha sahAyaka bane / pavana kI sahAyatA se phala bandhanamukta hotA hai, mAna-sammAna aura prazasti kA sandarbha hI samApta / phala apane pitA vRkSa kI ora dekhatA hai jisakA pitta prakupita hai - A~gana meM atithi khar3A hai aura ye haiM ki niSkriya / svayaM dAna dete nahIM aura dene bhI nahIM dete| ye moha-drohagrasta haiM / pavana ke jhoMke se AtmadAna ke lie lAlAyita phala pAtra jAtA hai| phala pavana se kahatA hai ki vaha ise idhara-udhara nahIM, pAtra ke hAtha para hI girAe / phala kA svapna sAkAra hotA hai, pavana bhI bar3abhAgI banatA hai| atithi to prasthita ho jAtA hai, para DAla ke gAla para laTakatA adhapakA dala bola par3A - "kala aura AnA jI ! isakA bhI bhaviSya ujjvala ho, karuNA isa ora bhI lAnA jI" / atithi halakI-sI kAna se apanI gItA sunAtA calA jAtA hai aura phaladatta kI A~kha usakI pITha kI ora lagI raha jAtI hai| isa prakAra isa saMgraha kI bhinna-bhinna racanAoM meM aura aura bhI dizAnirdezaka upadezaprada bhAvanAe~ bharI huI haiN| 4. nijAnubhava - zataka (7 sitambara, 1973) isa zataka ke Arambha meM jineza smaraNa, zrIguru jJAnasAgara vandana, jinendra vANI kA stavana kara AcAryazrI ne
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________________ 506 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA nija ke sambodhanArtha kucha likhane kI isalie pratizruti kI hai tAki zIghra zuddhopayoga kI prApti sambhava ho sake, vItarAga bhAva A ske| upayoga meM tIna pakSa hote haiM-kabhI zubha kA, kabhI azubha kA aura kabhI zuddha kA bhI / yadi zubha upayoga rahA to kramavAra svarga-mokSa sabhI mileMge aura azubha upayoga hI banA rahA to duHkha kI prApti hotI rahegI / azubhopayoga mithyAsvarUpa hai aura zubhopayoga meM samyaktva vidyamAna hai / isa prakAra zubha aura azubha pakSoM ke lAbha-hAni kA nirUpaNa karate hue parigrahI vRtti kI nindA kI hai / zuddhopayoga rUpa sahaja svabhAva kI koI sImA nahIM hai / vaha jJAnagamya, atiramya, apratima tathA vacana-agocara hai / use chor3akara kahIM sukha nahIM / jar3a deha se AtmA ko ekAtma samajhanA AtmaghAta hai / jo moha, mAna, rAga-dveSa chor3akara tapolIna hote haiM, ve hI prApya ko pAte haiN| kevala kacalucana athavA vasana-mocana se sAdhutA nahIM AtI / jaba nija sahaja AtmA kI pratIti hotI hai tabhI rati, Iti, bhIti niHzeSa hotI haiN| nirgrantha munigaNa sabhI parISahoM aura upasargoM ko jhelate hue nadI kinAre dhyAnamagna rahate haiN| jo mAnApamAna meM samAna rahate haiM, AtmadhyAna karate haiM, ve kabhI bhI bhavabIca meM nahIM aate| jaba yaza-kIrti, bhoga Adi sabhI nissAra haiM to subuddha loga isa para vyathA garva nahIM karate / ve to nizcinta ho nija meM vihAra karate haiN| 5. muktaka-zataka (1971 meM Alekhana prArambha) muktaka ve racanAe~ haiM jo para se anAliMgita rahakara apane Apa meM pUrNa aura AsvAdakara hotI haiN| isa saMgraha meM aise hI muktaka saMkalita haiN| zrIguru ke dvArA die gae upadeza se AtmajAgaraNa, bhavasampRkti se kheda, tana-mana se jJAnaguNaniketana AtmA kA bheda Adi kI carcA muktakoM meM kI gaI hai / tadanantara aba unheM sarvatra ujAlA, nirAlA zivapatha, mohanizA kA apagama, bodharavi kiraNa kA prasphuTana, samatA-aruNimA kI vRddhi, unnata zikhara para ArohaNa, viSamatA kaNTaka kA apasaraNa anubhavagocara ho rahA hai| unheM laga rahA hai aba kisI kI cAha nahIM hai, duHkha Tala gayA hai, nija sukha mila gayA hai| avidyA kA tyAga, kaSAyakumbha kA vighaTana ho cukA hai / unakA vicAra hai ki muni vahI hai jo vazI hai, abhimAna zUnya hai / jise nija kA jJAna nahIM hai, vaha vyartha hI mAna karatA hai / sudhI jAnatA hai ki tattvata: vaha bAla, yuvA aura vRddha nahIM hai, vastuta: ye saba jar3a ke bavAla haiM / sudhIjana aisA samajhatA huA sahaja nija sukha kI sAdhanA karatA rahatA hai / AtmA na kabhI ghaTatA hai, na kabhI bar3hatA hai aura na kabhI miTatA hai, para kheda hai ki mUr3ha ko yaha bAta jJAta nhiiN| jhara-jhara bahatA huA jharanA logoM ko yaha sandeza detA hai ki nirantara gatizIla rahanA hai, mUla sattA se ekAtma honA hai tAki bAra-bAra calanA na pdd'e| sarojinI sacetanA kA jaba se udaya huA, jaba se pramoda kA nirantara lahalahAnA cala rahA hai / jo prakRti se sumela rakhatA hai, vaha mithyA khela khela rahA hai / vaha vibhAva se pUrNa aura svabhAva se dUra hai / aba to cirakAla se akelI puruSa ke sAtha kelirata huuN| vahA~ se amRtadhAra pIne ko nirantara milatA hai, sasmita pyAra prApta hotA hai / aba to unheM sadaiva cetanA prasanna aura anukUla rakhegI aura nirantara unakA sahavAsa banA rahegA, ciravAMchita sukhasamudra meM gotA lagatA rhegaa| 6. dohA-stuti-zataka (4 apraila, 1993) trividha pratibandhakoM ke nirAkaraNArtha, lokasaMgrahArtha Arambha maMgalAcaraNa se kara vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM jaise vandanIya caraNoM kA isa saMgraha meM stavana kiyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama zrI gurucaraNoM kA smaraNa isalie hai ki unhIM ne govinda banAyA hai| tadanantara tIrthaMkara zrI AdinAtha bhagavAn, zrI ajitanAtha bhagavAn, zrI zambhavanAtha bhagavAn, zrI abhinandananAtha bhagavAn, zrI sumatinAtha bhagavAn, zrI padmaprabha bhagavAn, zrI supArzvanAtha bhagavAn, zrI candraprabhu bhagavAn, zrI puSpadanta
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA : : 507 bhagavAn, zrI zItalanAtha bhagavAn, zrI zreyAMsanAtha bhagavAn, zrI vAsupUjya bhagavAn, zrI vimalanAtha bhagavAn, zrI anantanAtha bhagavAn, zrI dharmanAtha bhagavAn, zrI zAntinAtha bhagavAn, zrI kunthunAtha bhagavAn, zrI arahanAtha bhagavAn, zrI mallinAtha bhagavAn, zrI munisuvratanAtha bhagavAn, zrI naminAtha bhagavAn, zrI neminAtha bhagavAn, . zrI pArzvanAtha bhagavAn evaM zrI mahAvIra bhagavAn kA sarvavidha stavana, vandana, caraNAbhinandana kiyA gayA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra yadi kSIra haiM to AcAryazrI apane ko nIra mAna rahe haiM aura unakI vinatI hai ki ve isa prArthayitA ko apane se ekAtma kara leM / 7. pUrNodaya - - zataka ( 19 sitambara, 1994) isa saMkalana meM AcAryazrI dvArA zrAvakoM aura mumukSuoM ke lie tattva kI bAta batAI gaI hai, taraha-taraha ke upadeza die gae haiM, karaNIya - akaraNIya kA sandeza diyA gayA hai, pApa-puNya aura donoM se Upara uThane kA sandeza - nirUpaNa huA hai tAki sAdhakoM meM pUrNatA kA udaya ho sake / prastuta saMkalana kA bhI zubhArambha guNa-gaNa-ghana ke prati praNipAta se huA hai| vandana, namana, samarpaNabhAva kI ajasra bhAvadhArA ke pravAhaNa ke bAda AcAryazrI ne upadezAmRta kI dhArAsAra vRSTi kI hai| unhoMne batAyA hai ki svArtha aura paramArtha kA hI yaha pariNAma thA ki kaurava raurava meM gae aura pANDava zivadhAma ge| pArasamaNi ke to sparza se lohA sonA banatA hai parantu bhagavAn pArasanAtha ke darzana mAtra se moha kA vinAza aura pAramArthika kalyANa ho jAtA hai, upAsaka svabhAva meM pratiSThita ho jAtA hai / nAga sthala para hI meMDhaka ko nigalatA hai, jala meM nahIM / isI prakAra jo bhI nija-svabhAva se bAhara gayA use karma dabA detA hai| unakA upadeza hai ki yadi Atma-kalyANa cAhate ho to deha-geha kA neha chor3a do| yaha sneha (taila) hI hai jisake jalane se ujAlA hotA hai| yadi dUsaroM ke A~suoM ko dekhakara draSTA kI A~kheM na bhara jAya~ to usakA mAtra pUchanA aura poMchanA kisa kAma kA ? sAdhaka Atma-kalyANArthI ko cAhie ki vaha bar3e-bar3e pApa na kare aura bar3I-bar3I bhUla bhI na kare tAki usakI pagar3I kI lAja banI rahe / unakA upadeza hai ki sAdhu-santoM dvArA praNIta zAstroM kA svAdhyAya kiyA jAya tAki moha naSTa ho aura pratiSThA prApta ho / deza vahI maz2abUta hai jisameM dharma kI sampatti ho, bhavana vahI Tika sakatA hai jisakI nIMva maz2abUta ho / galatI dekhakara yadi hama sahI pAne ko vikala ho jAya~ to vaha galatI bhI kisI dRSTi se upAdeya hai| giranA bhI sarvathA vyartha nahIM hai yadi kisI gire ko dekhakara hama uTha jAya~ to vaha giranA bhI uThAne meM yogadAna karatA hai| hRdaya to milA, para yadi usameM dayA nahIM hai aura cirakAla taka adaya hI banA rahA, to isase bar3I cintA kI aura koI bAta nahIM / prArthanA kI gaI hai prabhu se ki vaha a - dayA kA vilaya kre| dayAvAn kI cira abhIpsA hai ki bhale laukikatA se dUra pAralaukikatA mile yA na mile, para lokahita kI kAmanA aura tadanusAra AcaraNa nirantara banA rahe / yahI zreya aura preya hai / cetanA ke zodhana kA yahI mArga hai / 8. sarvodaya - zataka (13 maI, 1994) pUrvokta anya saMkalanoM kI taraha isakA bhI zubhArambha zrI gurupAda vandana tathA mA~ bhAratI ke stavana - vandana ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai| AcAryazrI kI pratizruti hai : "sarvodaya isa zataka kA, mAtra rahA upadeza / deza tathA paradeza bhI, bane samunnata deza // 5 // " 'bahujana hitAya, bahujana sukhAya' - kI jagaha ' sabajana sukhAya sabajana hitAya' kA saMkalpa kahIM adhika sAttvika aura sukhakara hai| unakI vicAraNA hai ki ve sabameM guNa hI guNa sadA khojate raheM aura apane bhItara dekhate raheM ki dAga kahA~ -
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________________ 508 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA zeSa raha gayA hai / jaba taka dAga nahIM miTatA, taba taka guNoM ke sadbhAva kI sambhAvanA hI kahA~ hogI ? jisa prakAra makkhI apane pairoM ko sApha karake ur3atI hai, sAdhaka ko bhI cAhie ki vaha hara taraha ke saMga ko tyAgakara nirbAdha DubakI lagAe / sAdhu ko cAhie ki vaha svAzrita bhAva se samRddha hokara rahe, na ki gRhI kI bhA~ti rahe / vastuta: sAdhaka jaba taka siddha nahIM banatA taba taka zuddha kA anubhava use kisa prakAra sambhava hai ? kyA dugdhapAna se kabhI ghRtapAna sambhava hai ? sAdhanA vahI anvartha hai jisameM anartha na milA ho / mokSa bhale na mile, para pApa ke gaDDhe se sadA dUra rahe | choTA kaMkar3a bhI DUba jAtA hai aura sthUla kASTha bhI nahIM DUbatA - isameM tarka vyartha hai / yaha to svabhAva-svabhAva kI bAta hai / yadi puruSa santa hai to pApa bhI rAga kA dhvaMsa usI taraha kara detA hai jisa taraha garma pAnI bhI Aga ko zAnta kara detA hai / bhArata kA sAhitya kucha aura hI hai, zeSa dezoM ke sAhitya kI bAta kyA kahU~, ho sakatA hai - unameM lAlitya ? jisakI cetanA meM bhagavAn kA vAsa ho - vahA~ jar3atAdhAyaka rAga kA tyAga kyoM na ho ? cakavA ko candra mila jAya kyA taba vaha cakavI kA tyAga nahIM kara detA ? prArambhika racanAe~ 1. AcArya zrI 108 zAntisAgara jI mahArAja ke pAvana caraNAravinda meM hArdika zraddhAMjali (1971) isa saMkalana meM AcAryazrI kI prArambhika racanAe~ saMkalita haiM / isameM Apane zAntisAgarajI kA mUla vAsasthAna maisUra, belagA~va, bhoja tathA usa kSetra meM pravAhita hone vAlI dUdhagaMgA tathA vedagaMgA jaisI nadiyoM ke varNana ke bAda bhoja meM sthita kRSikalAvijJa dayAvAn manujottama bhImagaur3A kA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai / ve puNyAtmA tathA vIranAtha ke dharma ke paramabhakta the / unakI taraha unakI patnI bhI sItA ke samAna sundara aura sunItimAna thIM / unake donoM bacce bhI sUrya- - candra ke samAna suzAnta prakRti ke the| jyeSTha putra thA - devagaur3A aura kaniSTha thA sAtagaur3A / zaizavakAla meM hI sAtagaur3A kI patnI ke avasAna ho jAne para puna: vivAha kA jaba prasaMga AyA taba usane mA~ se kahA 'mA~, jaga meM sAra aura punIta hai - jaina dharma, ata: merI icchA hai ki maiM muni banU~' / yaha prastAva sunakara mA~ khinna ho uThI, para putra kA haTha banA rahA / vaha apane saMkalpa para ar3A rahA aura zrI devendrakIrtijI se dIkSA grahaNa kara lI aura mokSamArga para ArUr3ha ho hI gayA / unake zIla-saujanya aura tapa kA kyA kahanA ? phira eka bAra zeDavAla gurujI padhAre / aura Apake dharmopadeza kA hI yU~ prabhAva hai : 1 "bhArI prabhAva mujha pai taba bhAratI kA, dekho par3A isalie muni hU~ abhI kA / " janma hogA, to maraNa hogA hI / isa niyama ke anusAra AcAryavarya guruvarya ne antataH sallekhanApUrvaka maraNa hetu samAdhi le hI lii| ise dekha mahI meM sArI janatA duHkhI ho utthii| astu, AcAryavarya jahA~ bhI gae hoM, vahIM stutisaroja bhejatA huuN| isa prakAra AcAryazrI ne unake pAda-dvaya meM apanA bhAla navA diyaa| 2. AcArya zrI 108 vIrasAgarajI mahArAja ke pAvana caraNAravinda meM hArdika zraddhAMjali (1971) haidarAbAda rAjya eka sulalita rAjya hai / usI ke antargata hai - auraMgAbAda jilA / bar3A hI zAnta sthAna hai / yahIM eka jagaha hai - Ira, jisake samAna amarAvatI meM bhI vaibhava nahIM hai| vahA~ eka jinAlaya hai / usI Ira grAma meM eka vRSaniSTha seTha the zrI rAmacandra / ve nAmAnurUpa guNaikadhAma the / unakI patnI bhI manamohinI sItAsamA paramabhAgyavatI thI / inakI kokha se do zizu janme jo parama sundara aura sabake lAr3ale the / unakA nAma thA - zrI gulAbacandra tathA hIrAlAla / mA~ ne apanI icchA sAsa banane kI vyakta kI aura lAr3ale ke samakSa vivAha kA prastAva rkhaa| para beTe ne vivAha kI anicchA hI vyakta kI / mAtA isa nizcaya ko sunakara du:khI huI, para beTA apane saMkalpa para dRr3ha banA rahA / hIrAlAla yaha kahakara
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 509 guruvarya zAntisAgara ke pAsa calA gayA aura unase dIkSA grahaNa 'vIrasAgara' anvartha nAma grahaNa kiyaa| muni sulabha caryA grahaNa kI, ataH logoM ke bIca bar3e paramapUjya hue / zrIguru se samyak darzana, jJAna, cAritra prApta ho gayA thA / ve svAdhyAya lIna rahakara nirantara doSaprakSAlana karate rahate the / Apake prathama ziSya the yogI zivasAgarajI aura dUsare ziSya the siddhamUrti jayasAgarajI / vaise to zrutasAgara prabhRti bhI ziSyagaNa the / antata: Apane sallekhanAmaraNa kI bhAvanA se samAdhi lii| ve jahA~ bhI gae hoM, AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI kA prathama ziSya vidyAsAgara apane stuti - saroja vahA~ bheja rahA hai| 3. AcArya zrI 108 zivasAgarajI mahArAja ke pAvana caraNAravinda meM hArdika zraddhAMjali (1971) auraMgAbAda ke pAsa eka choTI sI jagaha hai - ar3apura / vahA~ nyAyamArgAdhirUr3ha dharmAtmA loga haiM / unameM zrI nemIcanda jI rA~vakA kI patnI zrImatI dagar3AbAIjI mRgAkSI thiiN| unakA baccA hIrA se bhI adhika rucivAlA hIrAlAla thA / inakI javAnI kA saundarya dekhakara sArI kumAriyA~ kAmapIr3ita ho uThatI thiiN| mA~ ne yuvAvasthA dekha vivAha kA prastAva rakhA, para unhoMne kahA ki vivAha karanA hI cAhatI ho to merA vivAha mokSarUpI ramA se kara do| mAtA kA netra azruplAvita ho utthaa| para unhoMne samajhAyA ki isa bhavavipina meM merA-terA kauna ? mujhe to dIkSA lekara zramaNa bananA hai, dharma kA svAda lenA hai / maiM zama-dama kA pAlana karU~gA aura AtmA ko phcaanuuNgaa| phira to virakta ho, svabhAva meM pratiSThita ho gae / AcAryazrI apanI zraddhAMjali unheM bhI de rahe haiM / T 4. AcArya zrI 108 jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja ke pAvana caraNAravinda meM hArdika zraddhAMjali (1973) "jaya ho jJAnasAgara RSirAja, tumane mujhe saphala banAyA Aja / aura ika bAra karo upakAra, mama praNAma tuma karo svIkAra " // 20 // isa khaNDa ke anta meM kucha anya bhakti gIta (1971) bhI saMkalita kara die gae haiM, jinake zIrSaka haiM- 'aba maiM mama mandira meM rahU~gA,' 'parabhAva tyAga tU bana zIghra digambara,' 'mokSalalanA ko jiyA ! kaba baregA ?,' 'bhaTakana taba taka bhava meM jArI,' 'bananA cAhatA yadi zivAMganA pati, 'cetana nija ko jAna jarA' tathA 'samAkita laabh'| ina sabake sAtha eka racanA hai, 'My self' jisameM unhoMne batAyA hai ki unakI prakRti niHsaMgatA kI hai / maiM apanA zikSaka svayaM hU~ / ina gItoM meM bhI munisulabha bhAva aura vicAra kI taraMgeM laharA rahI haiM, inheM par3hate hI banatA hai, mana bhIMga - bhIMga uThatA hai / 'samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara' (cAra) yaha khaNDa gadya zailI meM nibaddha hai| isa khaNDa meM kula nau upakhaNDa haiM- pravacanAmRta, guruvANI, pravacana pArijAta, pravacana paMcAmRta, pravacana pradIpa, pravacana parva, pAvana pravacana, pravacana prameya tathA pravacanikA / pravacanAmRta (1975) isa upakhaNDa meM phirojAbAda, uttarapradeza meM pradatta kula satraha pravacana nimnalikhita zIrSakoM se saMgrahIta haiM samIcIna dharma, nirmala dRSTi, vinayAvanati, suzIlatA, nirantara jJAnopayoga, saMvega, tyAgavRtti, sat-tapa, sAdhusamAdhi - sudhA-sAdhana, vaiyAvRtya, arhat bhakti, AcArya bhakti, zikSA - guru stuti, bhagavadbhAratI bhakti, vimala Avazyaka, dharma-prabhAvanA tathA vAtsalya / jaina zAstra ko hRdayaMgama karane meM ye pravacana nitAnta manorama aura upAdeya haiN| AcArya samantabhadra mAnate haiM ki samIcIna dharma karmoM kA nirmUlana karatA hai / aura prANimAtra ko duHkhoM se
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________________ 510 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ubArakara sukha pradAna karatA hai / parameSThiyoM ne batAyA hai ki samIcIna dRSTi, jJAna aura sadAcaraNa kI samaSTi hI dharma hai| nirmala dRSTi se unakA abhiprAya hai tattva-cintana se dRSTi meM Ane vAlI nirmalatA / darzana vizuddhi kA vAstavika abhiprAya yahI hai / tattva-manthana se vinaya guNa bhI upalabdha hotA hai jo vinayazIla ke pratyeka vyApAra se jharatA rahatA hai| yaha siddhatva-prApti kA mUla hai| 'suzIlatA' meM zIla kA artha svabhAva hai jisakI prApti ke lie niraticAra vrata kA pAlana karanA par3atA hai| jIvana ko zAnta aura sabala rakhanA hI niraticAra hai-yaha AtmAnuzAsana se hI sambhava hai / saMvega sarAga samyagdarzana ke cAra lakSaNoM meM se eka hai| isakA artha hai saMsAra se bhayabhIta honA / AtmA ke ananta guNoM meM bhI yaha eka guNa hai / saMvega se dRSTi lakSya para ekAgra ho jAtI hai| tyAga se matalaba hai viSayoM kA tyAga / unameM anAsakti / yaha tabhI sambhava hai jaba nijI sampatti kI pahacAna ho jAya / jAgarUka hI tyAga kara sakatA hai / sat tapa : doSanivRtti ke lie samIcIna tapa parama rasAyana hai aura etadartha nivRtti ke mArga para jAnA zreyaskara hai| sAdhu-samAdhi sudhA-sAdhana : isameM sAdhu-samAdhi kA artha hai-Adarza mRtyu athavA sajjana kA maraNa / tattvata: harSa-viSAda se pare AtmasattA kI satata anubhUti sAdhu-samAdhi hai / Adarza mauta vahI hai jise mauta ke rUpa meM na dekhA jAya / yaha tabhI sambhava hai jaba hameM apanI zAzvatatA kA bhAna ho jAya / vaiyAvRtya : isakA artha hai-sevA / tattvata: dekhA jAya to para-sevA se apane mana kI vedanA miTAkara sevaka apanI hI sevA karatA hai| dUsare to mAtra nimitta haiN| arhat sevA hai pUjya kI upAsanA / vAstavika bhakti yahI hai / arhat hone kI yogyatA pratyeka upAsaka meM vidyamAna hai / ata: usakI abhivyakti ke lie use apane meM hI DUbanA hogA, samarpita honA hogaa| bAhara kA pUjya to mAtra nimitta hai / isI prakAra AcArya-stuti kA bhI marma smjheN| arihanta parameSThI ke bAda AcArya parameSThI stutya haiM, kyoMki vahI ziSya ko tattva-bodha karAkara tattvAtmA banA detA hai| vastuta: mokSamArga meM AcArya se U~cA pada sAdhu kA hai / AcAryatva to usakI eka upAdhi hai jisakA vimocana muktiprApti se pUrva honA anivArya hai / AcArya upadeza aura Adeza to detA hai para sAdhanA pUrI karane ke lie sAdhu pada ko aMgIkAra karatA hai| zikSA guru ko upAdhyAya mAnA jAtA hai / vaha stutya isalie hai ki vaha svayaM saMsAra kI prakriyA se dUra rahakara sAdhaka ko bhI vaha prakriyA batAtA hai| bhagavad bhAratI bhakti meM vacana kI apekSA pravacana kI mahattA kA gAna hai / sAdhAraNa rUpa se bole gae zabda vacana haiM, para ajJAna kA jJAna aura anubhava prApta karake jo viziSTa zabda bole jAte haiM, ve pravacana haiM / vacana kA dravyazruta se aura pravacana kA bhAvazruta se sambandha hai / bhAvazruta andara kI pukAra hai / vimala Avazyaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki samala anAvazyaka karma karatA hai aura vimala yA avazI (indriya aura mana ke vaza meM na rahane vAlA) hI Avazyaka kArya sampanna karatA hai| svabhAva meM pratiSThita hone ke anurUpa kiyA jAne vAlA kArya hI Avazyaka hai na ki viSayavAsanAtarpaka / dharma prabhAvanA meM usa bhAvanA ko prakRSTa mAnA gayA hai jo Atmatattva prApti viSayaka ho / gantavya kI ora le jAne vAlA mArga hI dharma hai, ata: usakI prabhAvanA hI dharma prabhAvanA hai| vAtsalya hai samAnadharmiyoM ke prati karuNabhAva-sajAtiyoM ke prati karuNabhAva / sAdhujanoM ke pravacana meM yahI bhAva jharatA rahatA hai / pravacana hI kyoM, sabhI vyavahAra meM / manuSya meM prema kI eka aisI DorI hai jo sajAtiyoM ko bA~dha letI hai| guruvANI (1979) ___ isa upakhaNDa meM jayapura, rAjasthAna meM hue pravacanoM kI sArarUpa kula ATha guruvANiyA~ saMkalita haiN| aura ve isa prakAra haiM - Ananda kA srota-AtmAnuzAsana, brahmacarya-cetana kA bhoga, nijAtmaramaNa hI ahiMsA hai, AtmalInatA hI dhyAna, mUrta se amUrta, AtmAnubhUti hI samayasAra, parigraha tathA acaurya / AtmAnuzAsana : sabhI samasyAoM kA eka samAdhAna hai-anuzAsana, aura sabhI samasyAoM kA eka kAraNa hai - anuzAsanahInatA / kartRtvagata svAtantrya ko buddhigata viveka se hI AcaraNa meM utArA jA sakatA hai / sva-AtmA, tantrya
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA : : 511 =adhInatA, svAtantrya=AtmAdhInatA - AtmAnuzAsana / sat-asat ke bIca viveka kA jAgarUka rahanA hI AtmAnuzAsana hai / brahmacarya kA eka to pracalita purAnA artha sarvavidita hai, para usake artha meM eka nayApana bhI hai aura vaha hai paronmukhavRtti yA cittapravAha ko sva kI ora mor3anA / bhoga ke roga se nivRtti hI brahmacarya hai / nijAtmaramaNa hI ahiMsA hai-dUsaroM ko pIr3A na denA bhI ahiMsA hai para yaha adhUrI ahiMsA hai / vAstavika ahiMsA taba AtI hai jaba AtmA se rAga-dveSa kA pariNAma samApta ho jAya / dravya ahiMsA se bar3I hai-bhAva ahiMsA / isI se sva-para kA kalyANa sambhava hai / AtmalInatA hI dhyAna hai - dhyAna eka aisI citta kI ekAgravRtti hai jo sabhI meM sambhava hai, para adhikAMza meM vaha saMsAra kI ora rahatI hai, usI para mana TikA rahatA hai| use parAvRtta karanA hai, AtmA kI ora mor3a denA hai tabhI dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna hogA aura yahI dhyAna mokSa kA hetu hai| ArtadhyAna- raudradhyAna saMsAra ke hetu haiM / mUrta se amUrta : AtmA kI do dazAe~ haiM-- svabhAvastha aura vibhAvastha yA vaibhAvika / prathama avasthA meM vaha svabhAvata: amUrta hai, para dUsarI avasthA meM vaha mUrta hai / yadi vaibhAvika AtmA ko vItarAga mila jAya to vaha apane amUrta svabhAva meM A jAyagA / mUrta dazA se mUrta dazA meM A jAyagA / AtmAnubhUti hI samayasAra: samayasAra meM samaya kA artha hai - 'samyak ayana' - gamana karane 1 / gati kA artha jAnanA bhI hotA hai| isa prakAra samaya arthAt jo samIcIna rUpa se apane zuddha guNa- paryAyoM kI anubhUti karatA hai / usakA sAra hai - samayasAra arthAt zuddhAtmA / isa prakAra samayasAra AtmAnubhUti kA hI tattvata: dUsarA nAma hai / mAtra jAnanA samayasAra nahIM hai / parigraha : mAtra bAhya vastuoM kA grahaNa parigraha nahIM hai / vastuta: mUrcchA hI parigraha hai, una vastuoM ke prati lagAva hI parigraha hai, Asakti hI parigraha hai / Asakti hI AtmA ko bA~dhatI hai / acaurya : caurya-bhAva ke tyAga kA saMkalpa lene se 'para' ke grahaNa kA bhAva calA jAyagA / jaba dRSTi meM vItarAgatA A jAyagI, taba rAga meM bhI vItarAgatA dRSTigocara hone lgegii| jaba cetanA se caurya bhAva gayA, taba sarvatra acaurya dRSTigocara hone lagegA / isIlie kahA jAtA hai ki ghRNA cora se nahIM, caurya bhAva se karanA caahie| pravacana pArijAta (1978) isa upakhaNDa meM nainAgiri, chatarapura, madhyapradeza meM hue sAta vaktavya saMkalita haiM / ve haiM - jIva - ajIva tattva, Asrava tattva, bandha tattva, saMvara tattva, nirjarA tattva, mokSa tattva, anekAnta / jaina dhArA meM kula sAta tattva haiM : jIva-ajIva : jIva tattva ko prAthamikatA isalie prApta hai ki usameM saMvedana kSamatA hai / bhukti aura mukti donoM saMvedanagocara haiN| jIva hI pratyeka tattva kA bhoktA hai / ajIva meM saMvedanakSamatA nahIM hai / vaibhAvika sthiti se svAbhAvika sthiti meM Ane para use hI muktatA kA saMvedana hone lagatA hai| anAdikAla se karma, nokarma aura bhAvakarma rUpa ajIva kA jIva ke sAtha sambandha calA A rahA hai / isa sambandha ke Atyantika nirAsa se hI muktatA saMvedanagocara ho sakatI hai| anAdikAla se prApta kASAya se pudgala (kArmaNa vargaNArUpa) meM karmAtmaka pariNati, karma se zarIra, zarIra se indriyAdi kI racanA aura phira unase viSayoM ke grahaNa kI paramparA calatI rahatI hai, jisase bandha hotA hai / AtmA ke svabhAva kA anyathA bhavana yA vibhAvana hone lagatA hai / mokSamArga meM ArUr3ha hone para jIva vibhAva se svabhAva : Akara muktatA kA anubhava karatA hai| 1 Asrava : srava kA artha hai - bahanA, Amrava kA isakA viparItArtha hai - saba ora se AnA / karmoM kA Asrava AtmA kI hI 'yoga' nAmaka vaibhAvika sthiti se hotA hai / AcAryoM ne pAriNAmika bhAvoM meM prakhyAta tIna (jIvatva, bhavyatva, abhavyatva) ke atirikta ise bhI mAnA hai / isake na mAnane se AtmA kA svAtantrya pratihata hotA hai| isa Asrava ke pA~ca dvAra haiM - mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga / ina pA~ca meM mithyAtva ke sAtha anantAnubandhI ko bhI rakha rakhA hai / azubha 'lezyA ko zubhratama banAne se anantAnubandhI bhI calI jAtI hai| phalataH sAre Asrava ruka jAya~ge / bandha tattva : karma pradezoM kA AtmapradezoM se eka kSetrAvagAha ho jAnA hI bandha hai / rAga-dveSa rUpa kaSAya kI ArdratA se
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________________ 512 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA paudgalika karma AtmA se cipaka jAte haiM, phira usakA UrdhvagamanAtmaka svabhAva avaruddha ho jAtA hai / karma aura AtmA kAhI dha hai / isa karmabandha kI paramparA ko samApta karane ke lie avipAka nirjarA kI sahAyatA lI jAnI cAhie / saMvara tattva : saMsAra ke nirmAtA Amrava aura bandha haiM aura mokSa ke nirmAtA saMvara aura nirjarA haiN| Asrava kA nirodha hI saMvara hai | karmoM ke Anava rUpa pravAha ko hama apane puruSArtha ke bala para upayoga rUpa bA~dha ke dvArA bA~dha dete haiM / taba karmoM ke Ane kA dvAra ruka jAtA hai, saMvaraNa ho jAtA hai / upayoga AtmA kA ananya guNa hai / yahI Atmazakti usa pravAha kA saMvaraNa kara sakatI hai / nirjarA : karmoM kA AnA to saMvRta ho gayA, para jo karma AtmA para kaSAya kI ArdratA se cipaka gae haiM, unakI nirjarA karanI hai, unheM haTAnA hai| aSTavidha karmoM kA sA~pa chAtI para car3hA baiThA hai aura hama moha kI nIMda meM kharaTi bhara rahe haiN| nirjarA kA Azaya hai ki andara ke sAre ke sAre vikAroM ko nikAla kara bAhara pheMka denA / mokSa nirjarA kA hI phala hai| mokSa tattva : saMsArI AkramaNa yAnI bAhara kI ora yAtrA kara rahA hai aura muktikAmI ko pratikramaNa yAni bhItara kI ora yAtrA karanA hai| yahI apane Apa kI upalabdhi hai / kRtadoSa-nirAkaraNa hI pratikramaNa hai| doSoM se, kaSAya kI ArdratA se AtmA ko mukta karanA, tapa se use sukhA denA hI mukti kA mArga hai / doSamukta hote hI UrdhvagamanAtmaka svabhAva sakriya ho jAtA hai, mukti ho jAtI hai / mukti vimocanArthaka 'muMca' dhAtu se niSpanna hai yAnI chor3anA hai pApa ko, vaha chor3A jAtA hai / mukti pAne kA upakrama yahI hai ki samyakdarzana, jJAna, cAritra ko apanA kara nirgrantha ho jAya~ / anekAnta : prathamAnuyoga meM paurANika kathA, karaNAnuyoga meM bhaugolika kathA, caraNAnuyoga meM AcAra kathA tathA dravyAnuyoga meM Agama aura adhyAtma kI bAta AtI hai / adhyAtma meM to sabakA sAmya ho jAtA hai, para Agama alaga-alaga haiM / Agama ke bhI do bheda haiM - karma siddhAnta aura darzana | karma siddhAnta ko bhI sabane svIkAra kiyA hai, para darzana ke kSetra meM tattvacintaka apane-apane gantavya ke anurUpa vicAra karate haiM / aisI sthiti meM alpajJatA vaicArika saMgharSa kA kAraNa bana jAtI hai| hameM saMgharSa se bacanA hai / SaTdarzana ke antargata vastuta: jaina darzana koI alaga darzana nahIM hai / vaha ina chahoM ko sammilita karane vAlA darzana hai / saba ko ekatra karake samajhane - samajhAne vAlA darzana hai - jaina drshn| samatA meM pratiSThita hI ise ThIka samajha sakatA hai| samatA anekAnta kA hArda hai| hama dUsare kI bAta samatApUrvaka suneM aura samajheM aura usameM antarnihita 'dRSTi' ko pakar3eM / nizcaya bhI eka sApekSa dRSTi hai / viSamatA meM sthita grAhaka saMgharSazIla hogA to samatA meM sthita nirNaya lene vAlA niSpakSa hogA / pakSa hamezA ekAMgI hotA hai / syAdvAdI ke samakSa koI samasyA nahIM hotI, kyoMki vaha samajhatA hai ki jisa sApekSa dRSTi se bAta yA pakSa rakhA gayA hai vaha usa dRSTi se ThIka hai, para vahI ThIka hai, aisA nahIM / syAt vaha ThIka hai| nyAya ekAMgI hokara nahIM hotA / nyAya to anekAnta se hI hotA hai| syAdvAdI hI sahI nirNaya lene meM sakSama hai| vicAra vaiSamya kA kAraNa hai - saMkIrNatA / dRSTi ko vyApaka banAie / vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hotI hai aura jJAna vastu tantra ko jAnane rUpa hotA hai / ina ananta dharmoM meM kucha vidheyAtmaka haiM aura analpa niSedhAtmaka / vaktA patA nahIM kisa dharma ko pakar3akara kyA kaha rahA hai, ata: grAhaka ko cAhie ki vaha samatA meM sthira rahakara vyApaka dRSTi se vaktavya ko grahaNa kare / anekAntAtmaka hotA hai jJAna, jisake nirUpaNa meM sahAyaka hai- nayavAda / bhagavAn ne apane jJAna kI prarUpaNA nayavAda se hI kI hai / anekAnta kA artha hai - aneka dharma jisameM hoM, vaha vastu anekAntAtmaka yA ananta dharmAtmaka vastu hai / anekAnta koI vAda nahIM hai / vAda hai - syAdvAda, jisakA artha hI hai - kathaMcidvAda, arthAt nayavAda / anekAnta kA sahArA lekara syAdvAda ke mAdhyama se prarUpaNA hotI hai aura aisI prarUpaNA karane vAlA vyakti atyanta dhIra hotA hai| naya anekAntaka vastu kI ora le jAne ke kAraNa 'naya' kahA jAtA hai| isa naya se samagra vastu kA grahaNa nahIM hotA, isIlie mukhya rUpa se do nayoM kI vyavasthA hai - vyavahAra naya aura nizcaya naya /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 513 vyavahAra naya kA artha hai vizvakalyANa aura nizcaya naya kA artha hai-AtmakalyANa / AtmakalyANa ke lie donoM nayoM kA sahArA lenA hogA / AtmasurakSA ke lie nizcaya naya aura dUsaroM ko samajhAne ke lie vyavahAra naya kA prayoga honA caahie| naya zabdabhaMgI hai| pravacana paMcAmRta (1979) isa upakhaNDa meM madanagaMja-kizanagar3ha, ajamera, rAjasthAna meM pradatta pA~ca pravacana saMkalita haiM - janma : Atma - kalyANa kA avasara, tapa : Atma-zodhana kA vijJAna, jJAna : Atma-upalabdhi kA sopAna, jJAna kalyANaka (Atmadarzana kA sopAna) mokSa : saMsAra ke paar| janma : Atma-kalyANa kA avasara : janma-kalyANaka ke samaya kSAyika samyagdRSTi saudharma indra aura karor3oM kI saMkhyA meM deva loga Ate haiM / pANDuka zilA para bAlaka tIrthaMkara ko le jAkara janma kalyANaka manAte haiM / abhiSeka, pUjana aura nRtyagAna Adi karate haiN| ratnoM kI vRSTi karate haiN| jisane Aja janma liyA, yaha janma lene vAlI AtmA bhI samyagdRSTi hai| usake pAsa mati, zruta aura avadhijJAna bhI hai / jinazAsana meM pUjyatA vItarAgatA se AtI hai, isalie janma se koI bhagavAn yA tIrthaMkara nahIM hotaa| ata: isa samAroha meM muni loga nahIM Ate / janma zarIra kA hotA hai, AtmA kA nhiiN| vaha eka paudgalika racanA hai / pUraNa aura galana isakA svabhAva hai| tapa : Atma-zodhana kA vijJAna : yaha vaha zubha ghar3I hai jaba muni AtmasAdhanA prArambha karake paramAtmA ke rUpa meM Dhala rahe haiM / ve bheda-vijJAna prApta kara cuke haiM / yahI bheda-vijJAna unheM kevalajJAna karAegA / yaha Atma-sAdhanA hI hai jo kevalajJAna taka pahu~catI hai / bhedajJAna jaba jAgrata ho jAtA hai tabhI heya kA vimocana aura upAdeya kA grahaNa hotA hai / heya kA vimocana hone para hI upAdeya kI prApti sambhava hai / abhI gantavya dUra hai, para Trena meM baiTha gae haiN| abhI do sTezanoM taka aura rukanA pdd'egaa| abhI to yaha kevalajJAna se pUrva tapazcaraNa kI bhUmikA hai| abhI to tana, vacana aura mana tapegA, taba AtmA zuddha hogI / abhI to pravrajyA grahaNa kara parivrAja hue haiM, dIkSita hue haiM / Aja sarva parigraha kA tyAga kara bhava santaraNa ke lie isa jIva kA mokSamArga para ArohaNa huA hai| jJAna : Atma-upalabdhi kA sopAna : yaha vaha samaya hai jaba munirAja bhagavAn banane kA puruSArtha kara rahe haiN| eka bhakta kI taraha bhagavAn bhakti meM lIna hokara AtmA kA anubhava kara rahe haiM / aba unheM saMsAra kI nahIM, pratyuta sva-samaya kI prApti kI lagana lagI huI hai| samaya kI vyAkhyA pahale kI jA cukI hai| jJAna kalyANaka (Atma-darzana kA sopAna) : pUrva kalyANaka meM munirAja heya ko chor3a cuke haiM aura jo sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se chUTane vAle haiM unako haTAne ke lie sAdhanA meM rata hue haiN| jo granthiyA~ zeSa raha gaI haiM, jo andara kI nidhi bAhara prakaTa hone meM avarodha paidA kara rahI haiM, una granthiyoM ko tapa ke dvArA haTAne meM lage haiN| Aja munirAja ko kevalajJAna kI prApti huI hai, para kevalajJAna mukti nahIM hai / saMsAravardhaka bhAvoM ko haTAne ke lie Avazyaka hai ki moha aura yoga htte| yoga AtmA ke pradezoM kA parispandana hai aura moha arthAt vikRta upayoga / yoga se parispandana aura moha se karma-vargaNAe~ Akara cipaka jAtI haiN| moha ke abhAva meM ve Akara bhI calI jAtI haiN| mokSa : saMsAra ke pAra : mukti parama puruSArtha se prApta huI hai / isake pahale parama puruSArtha sampanna nahIM huA thaa| yaha parama puruSArtha hI hai jisase avyakta zakti vyakta huI aura mokSa kI prApti ho gii| AtmA vibhAva kA tyAga karatA huA svabhAva meM pratiSThita ho gayA aura svabhAva se UrdhvagamanazIla AtmA yathAsthAna pahu~ca kara pratiSThita ho gyaa|
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________________ 514 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pravacana pradIpa (1984) isa upakhaNDa meM jo vaktavya saMkalita haiM, ve haiM - samAdhidivasa, rakSAbandhana, darzana- pradarzana, vyAmoha kI parAkASThA, Adarza sambandha, AtmAnuzAsana, antima samAdhAna, jJAna aura anubhUti, samIcIna sAdhanA, mAnavatA / samAdhidivasa : AcAryazrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja ke prati isa pravacana meM AcAryazrI ne hArdika kRtajJatA jJApita karate zrIguru kI mahimA kA varNana kiyA hai / unhoMne ajJAnatimirAndha ziSya ke jJAnacakSu ko jJAnAJjanazalAkA se udghATita karane vAle zrIguru kI tahedila se vandanA kI hai| zrIguru vaha kumhAra hai jo tala se sahArA bhI detA hai aura Upara se coTa dekara usakA nirmANa bhI karatA hai / aisA zrIguru kyoM na vandanIya ho jo ziSya ko govinda hI banA detA hai / rakSAbandhana : yaha eka aise parva kA dina hai jo bandhana kA hone para bhI parva mAnA jA rahA hai aura isakA kAraNa hai usakI taha meM prema kI saMsthiti / yaha bandhana rakSA kA pratIka hai, jo nAma se bandhana hokara bhI mukti meM sahAyaka hai / isa bandhana se vAtsalya jharatA hai / darzana-pradarzana : bhagavAn mahAvIra kI jayantI para die gae isa pravacana meM AcAryazrI ne batAyA hai ki unakI upAsanA se upAsaka meM mahAvIra banane kI lalaka paidA hotI hai / usakA guNagAna isI lalaka kI abhivyakti hai / unakA darzana- pradarzana nahIM hai / darzana sva kA hotA hai, pradarzana dUsaroM ke lie dikhAvA hotA hai| unhoMne svayaM dikhAvA nahIM kiyA, svarUpa kI aparokSAnubhUti kI / unakA darzana nirAkulatA kA darzana hai / vyAmoha kI parAkASThA : "moha mahAmada piyo anAdi, bhUla Apako bharamata vAdi / " samasta du:kha kA mUla hai-moha, maiM aura merepana kA bhAva / moha ke vazIbhUta hokara saMsArI prANI zarIra aura para-padArthoM ko bhI apanA hI samajhane lagatA hai, mamatA kI DA~Ta meM vaha apane ko kasa letA hai / zarIra Adi ke dvArA sampAdita kriyAoM mUla meM apane (maiM) ko hI samajhatA hai| jisa ahaMtA - mamatA ke bandhana meM vaha apane ko bA~dhatA hai, maraNoparAnta vaha saba yahIM dharA raha jAtA hai| donoM eka-dUsare ko chor3a dete haiM, para yaha moha hai jo AjIvana jIva ko daboce rahatA hai aura svabhAva se cyuta kara detA hai, AtmA para bhArIpana lAda detA hai / mokSamArga para calane ke lie halakA honA apekSita hai / etadartha jAgarUka rahakara ahaMtA - mamatA kA tyAga hI zreyo vidhAyaka hai / Adarza sambandha : yaha Atma tattva pAnI kI taraha cAroM gatiyoM meM baha rahA hai / use niyantrita karanA aura UrdhvagAmI banAnA bar3A kaThina kArya hai| upayoga ke pravAha ko kaise bA~dhA jAya ? itane sUkSma pariNamana vAle parivartanazIla upayoga hat bA~dhanA sAdhanA ke binA asambhava hai| kArya vaha kaThina hotA hai jo parAzrita hotA hai / svAzrita kArya AsAnI se sadha jAtA hai, para etadartha apanI zakti ko jAgrata karanA par3atA hai - " nAyamAtmAbalahInena labhyaH / " pratyeka sambandha kA uddezya aisI zakti kA nirmANa karanA hai jo vizva ko prakAza de aura Adarza prastuta kara sake / bhArata 'bhA' meM 'rata' hai / vaha jo bandhana yA sambandha cunatA hai, usameM eka anuzAsana hotA hai| saba kucha bhUla jAnA, para apane Apa ko nahIM bhUlanA, isI ko kahate haiM dAmpatya bandhana / aba dampatI ho ge| apanI ananta icchAoM kA damana kara liyA, unako sImita kara liyA / vAsanA paricAlita nirniyantrita vyabhicArI sambandha anAdarza sambandha hai jo utthAna nahIM, patana kI ora le jAta / gRhastha ko cAhie ki vaha gRhasthAzrama ko bhI Adarza banAe, tadanantara vAnaprastha aura phira saMnyAsa dhAraNa kare / AtmAnuzAsana : kabIra ne apanA anubhava sunAyA ki cakkI ke do pAToM kI taraha saMsAra kI cakkI calatI rahatI hai,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 515 jo isameM par3A ki pisA / para unake lar3ake kamAla ne kamAla kI bAta khii| usane batAyA ki kendra ko pakar3e rahane vAle hat cakka kucha bhI nahIM bigAr3a sktii| kahane kA Azaya yaha ki raho saMsAra meM, para dharma jaise kendra se jur3e raho, taba tumhArA kucha bhI bigar3ane vAlA nahIM / kartRtva meM svAtantrya hai aura buddhi meM viveka, to yAtrA gantavya ko le jAyagI / AtmAnuzAsana viveka kA hI nAmAntara hai / tyAjya grAhya, heya - upAdeya kA viveka yA bheda samajha kara calanA hI AtmAnuzAsana hai / samyagdRSTi sAdhaka kI jo bAhya tapa se nirjarA hotI hai, vaha usake AtmAnuzAsana kA hI pariNAma hai / jJAna aura anubhUti: zrutajJAna AvaraNa meM se jhA~katA huA prakAza hai| yadyapi vaha AtmA kA svabhAva nahIM hai, para AtmasvabhAva pAne kA mAdhyama avazya hai| use mAtra zrotrendriya kA nahIM, mana kA viSaya banAnA cAhie, mana lagAkara hRdayaMgama karanA caahie| zabda bhItarI jJAna taka le jAne kA mAdhyama hai| isa jJAna kA prayojana dhyAna hai aura dhyAna kA prayojana jJAna hai, ananta sukha aura zAnti hai, AtmAnubhUti hai / samIcIna sAdhanA : prANimAtra sukha cAhatA hai para aisA sukha jo niratizaya aura avinazvara ho / yaha apane ko hI pAne abhIpsA hai, para etadartha sAdhanA bhI samIcIna honA caahie| sabhI bAhya sAdhana mila jAne para bhI antaraMga sAdhanA anivArya hai | bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA thA : "yaha sukha kI paribhASA, nA rahe mana meM AzA / IdRza ho prati bhASA, parita: pUrNa prakAzA // " aisI hI samIcIna sAdhanA karake mahAvIra 'mahAvIra' ho gae / mAnavatA : "vyaktitva kI sattA miTA deM, use mahAsattA meM milA deM / Ara-pAra tadAkAra, sattA mAtra nirAkAra // " " "dayA dharma kA mUla hai, pApa mUla abhimAna / tulasI dayA na chA~r3ie, jaba lauM ghaTa meM prAna // " mAnavatA paradu:kha-kAtaratA kA dUsarA nAma hai| 'sva' aura 'svIya' ke duHkha se to mAnavetara bhI du:khI ho letA hai, para inase bhinna ke duHkha se bhI du:khI hone kI vizeSatA manuSya meM hI hotI hai| yahI vizeSatA mAnavetara se mAnava ko pRthak aura viziSTa banAtI hai| isI vizeSatA ke kAraNa vaha dUsaroM ke duHkha ko dUra kara mAnavatA ko caritArtha karatA hai aura mAnava hone ko pramANita karatA hai / pravacana parva (1985) isa saMgraha meM jaina tIrthakSetra ahArajI, TIkamagar3ha, madhyapradeza meM hue pravacana saMkalita haiM - parva: pUrva bhUmikA, kSamA dharma, mArdava dharma, Arjava dharma, zauca dharma, satya dharma, saMyama dharma, tapa dharma, tyAga dharma, AkiJcanya dharma, brahmacarya dharma, pAribhASika zabdakoza / ye pravacana paryuSaNa parva para sampanna hue haiM jo mAnavIya bhAvanAoM ke pariSkAra yA udAttIkaraNa kA parva hai / adharmAcaraNa se utpanna hone vAle tanAva se mukti dilAnA hI isakA uddezya hai / prativarSa paryuSaNa parva para dasa dharmoM kA cintana-manana calatA hai, jo AtmA kI khurAka hai / isa khaNDa meM inhIM dasa dharmoM kA nirUpaNa hai, jinake cintana se Atmahita meM pravRtti hotI hai /
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________________ 516 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA parva : pUrva bhUmikA : dazalakSaNa parva bar3A mahattvapUrNa parva hai / kAraNa, dasa dina taka vibhinna prakAra se dharma kA AcaraNa karake hameM apanI AtmA ke vikAsa kA avasara milatA hai / smaraNIya yaha hai ki viSayoM kA vimocana kie binA dharma- sevana anAsvAdita hI raha jaaygaa| __ uttama kSamA : krodhotpatti ke nimitta prakAma kAraNa hone para bhI krodha kA na honA kSamA hai / vastu ke svabhAva ko dharma kahate haiN| dasa dharma to haiM hI, ratnatraya bhI dharma hai aura jIvoM kI rakSA bhI dharma hai| sabhI tattva vastu haiM, ata: saba kA svabhAva dharma hai / kSamA hamArA svAbhAvika dharma hai / krodha to vibhAva hai / usa vibhAva-bhAva se bacane ke lie svabhAvabhAva kI ora ruci jAgrata karanA caahie| uttama mArdava : jo manasvI puruSa kula, rUpa, jAti, buddhi, tapa, zAstra aura zIla Adi ke viSaya meM thor3A sA bhI ghamaNDa nahIM karatA, usameM mArdava dharma hotA hai / kSamA kI taraha mArdava bhI hamArA svabhAva hai| isameM jo uttama vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai usake pIche yaha bhAva hai ki usa dharma ke pAlana ke pIche koI dikhAvA nahIM hai| mArdava kA virodhI kaThoratA hai / aura yaha manogata bhAva hai jo AcaraNa se TapakatA hai / ata: mana ko sAdhanA Avazyaka hai / manogata kaSAya kA nivAraNa Avazyaka hai| uttama Arjava : jo manasvI puruSa kuTila bhAva yA mAyAcArI pariNAmoM ko chor3akara zuddha hRdaya se cAritra kA pAlana karatA hai, usake niyama se tIsarA Arjava nAma kA dharma hotA hai| yogoM kI vakratA kA na honA hI Arjava hai / mana, vacana aura kAya- ina tInoM kI kriyAoM meM vakratA nahIM hone kA nAma Arjava hai / Rju kA bhAva hai - RjutA, aura RjutA hai -sIdhApana / mRdutA ke abhAva meM RjutA nahIM aatii| ___ uttama zauca : jo parama muni icchAoM ko rokakara aura vairAgya rUpa vicAroM se yukta hokara AcaraNa karatA hai, usako hI zauca dharma hotA hai| zarIra to svabhAva se hI apavitra hai| usameM yadi pavitratA AtI hai, to ratnatraya se / ratnatraya hI pavitra hai / vastuta: pavitratA zarIrAzrita nahIM hai, lekina yadi AtmA zarIra ke sAtha rahakara bhI dharma ko aMgIkAra kara letI hai to zarIra bhI pavitra mAnA jAne lagatA hai| uttama satya : jo muni dUsaroM ko kleza pahu~cAne vAle vacanoM ko chor3akara apane aura dUsare ke hita ke lie hita karane vAle vacana kahatA hai, usako cauthA satya dharma hotA hai| kyA satya hai aura kyA asatya hai - yaha jAnane kI kalA tabhI A sakatI hai jaba moha kA upazama ho aura mAdhyastha bhAva A jAya / jaba taka hameM apane meM satya ko parakhane kI kSamatA nahIM AtI taba taka satya kA darzana nahIM hotaa| yaha kSamatA dRSTi meM samyaktva ke Ane se AtI hai / jo satya ko jAna letA hai vaha svayam bhI lAbhAnvita hotA hai aura dUsaroM ko bhI usake mAdhyama se satya kA darzana hone lagatA hai| uttama saMyama : vrata evaM samitiyoM kA pAlana, mana-vacana-zarIra kI pravRtti kA tyAga, indriyajaya-yaha saba jisako hote haiM, usI ko niyama se saMyama dharma hotA hai| jaise latA kI Urdhvagati aura samRddhi ke lie kisI sahAre kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, usI prakAra darzana aura jJAna ko apanI caramasImA arthAt mokSa taka pahu~cAne vAlA saMyama hI Alambana aura bandhana hai| jaise latA ko apanI samRddhi ke lie sahArA ke sAtha khAda-pAnI kI z2arUrata hotI hai usI prakAra mumukSu ko saMyama ke sAtha zuddhabhAva rakhanA bhI anivArya hai / saMyama se hI AtmAnubhUti hotI hai| uttama tapa : pA~coM indriyoM ke viSayoM ko tathA cAroM kaSAyoM ko rokakara zubha dhyAna kI prApti ke lie jo apanI AtmA kA vicAra karatA hai, usako niyama se tapa dharma hotA hai / tapazcaraNa ke binA bhavanavAsI, vanavAsI yA saMnyAsI meM paripakvatA nahIM AtI / ratnatraya se yukta hokara tapa ke dvArA hI sAkSAt mukti hotI hai / tapa dvividha haiMantaraMga aura bAhya / bAhya tapa sAdhana hai aura antaraMga tapa kI prApti meM sahakArI hai / tapa bhI tabhI taka tapa hai jaba zarIra
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 517 svastha ho aura indriyA~ bhI sampanna hoN| vRddhAvasthA meM tapa nahIM hotA / ratnatraya ke sAtha bAhya aura antaraMga- donoM prakAra ke tapoM kA Alambana lekara sAdhanA karane vAlA hI mukti pA sakatA hai| ___uttama tyAga : jinendra bhagavAn ne kahA hai ki jo jIva sAre paradravyoM ke moha ko chor3akara saMsAra, deha aura bhogoM se udAsIna pariNAma rakhatA hai, usako tyAga dharma hotA hai / dAna aura tyAga bhinna haiN| rAga-dveSa se apane ko chur3Ane kA nAma tyAga hai / vastuoM ke prati rAga-dveSa ke abhAva ko tyAga kahA gayA hai| dAna para ke nimitta ko lekara kiyA jAtA hai kintu tyAga meM para kI koI apekSA nahIM hotI / tyAga sva ko nimitta banAkara kiyA jAtA hai| uttama AkiJcanya : jo muni saba prakAra ke parigrahoM se rahita hokara aura sukha-duHkha ko dene vAle karmajanita nija bhAvoM ko rokakara nirdvandvatA se arthAt nizcintatA se AcaraNa karatA hai, usako hI AkiJcanya dharma hotA hai / sabhI ke prati rAgabhAva se mukta hokara apane vItarAga svarUpa kA cintana karanA hI AkiJcanya dharma kI upalabdhi hai| uttama brahmacarya : jo puNyAtmA striyoM ke sundara aMgoM ke dikha jAne para bhI unake prati rAga rUpa kutsita pariNAma karanA chor3a detA hai, vahI durdhara brahmacarya ko dhAraNa karatA hai / upayoga ko vikAroM se bacAkara, rAga se bacAkara vItarAgatA meM lagAnA cAhie / yahI brahmacarya dharma hai / vItarAga ke pApta vaha zakti hai jisake samakSa vAsanA ghuTane Teka detI hai| isa khaNDa meM eka atyanta upAdeya bhAga hai-pAribhASika zabdakoza / AcAryazrI ke pravacanoM meM prayukta ina pAribhASika zabdoM ke prayoga se pravacanAnuzIlana meM Ane vAlA avarodha samApta ho jAtA hai / pAThakoM ke lie yaha eka atyanta suvidhA aura sahakAra hai / isakA lAbha mujhe bhI milatA rahA hai| yaha zabdakoza akArAdi krama se atyanta vyavasthita aura subodha rUpa se rakhA gayA hai| pAvana pravacana ___ isa upakhaNDa meM tIna pravacana saMkalita haiM- dharma : Atma-utthAna kA vijJAna, antima tIrthaMkara- bhagavAn mahAvIra tathA parama puruSa-bhagavAn hanumAna / dharma : Atma-utthAna kA vijJAna (13 pharavarI, 1983, madhuvana-sammedazikhara, giriDIha, jhArakhaNDa) ... pavitra saMskAroM ke dvArA hI patita se pAvana banA jA sakatA hai| jo vyakti pApoM se apanI AtmA ko chur3Akara kevala vizuddha bhAvoM ke dvArA apanI AtmA ko saMskArita karatA hai, vahI saMsAra se Upara uThakara mokSa sukha pA sakatA hai| dharma isI AtmotthAna kA vijJAna hai / jaina dharma prANimAtra ke lie patita se pAvana banane kA mArga batAtA hai / dharma ke mAdhyama se karmarUpI bIja ko jalA diyA jAya to saMsAravRkSa kI utpatti sambhava nahIM hai / yaha kArya ratnatraya ke mAdhyama se sambhava hai| antima tIrthaMkara-bhagavAn mahAvIra (3 apraila, 1985, khuraI, sAgara, madhyapradeza) bhagavAn mahAvIra apane nAmAnurUpa mahAvIra bhI the aura varddhamAna bhI the / ve apanI antarAtmA meM nirantara pragatizIla the, varddhamAna cAritra ke dhArI the| pIche mur3akara dekhanA yA nIce giranA unakA svabhAva nahIM thA / ve pratikSaNa varddhamAna aura unakA pratikSaNa vartamAna thA / apane vikAroM para vijaya pAne vAle, apane AtmasvarUpa ko prApta karane vAle ve sahI mAne meM mahAvIra the| parama puruSa-bhagavAn hanumAna (7 apraila, 1985, khuraI, sAgara, madhyapradeza) hanumAnajI aMjanA aura pavanaMjaya ke putra the, isalie pavanaputra kahalAte the| unakA zarIra vajra ke samAna sudRr3ha
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________________ 518 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA aura zaktisampanna thA / isIlie unheM kahIM-kahIM bajaraMgabalI bhI kahA jAtA hai / pracalita vAnara rUpa unakA vAstavika rUpa nahIM hai| ve to sarvaguNa sampanna aura sundara zarIra ko dhAraNa karane vAle mokSagAmI parama puruSa the| pravacana prameya (1986, kesalI, sAgara, madhyapradeza) isa upakhaNDa meM dasa pravacana haiM / prasaMga paMca kalyANaka kA hai / isa prasaMga para pahale bhI pravacana ho cuke haiM para AcAryazrI ke pAsa kahane ko bahuta kucha hai / ve jaMgama zAstra aura mUrtimAn AcAra haiN| prathama pravacana : unhoMne batAyA ki prathama dina kA yaha Ayojana jina-patha para calane ke lie hai, rAga ke samarthana ke lie nahIM, vItarAgatA ke samarthana ke lie hai| jinavANI prathamAnuyoga, karaNAnuyoga, caraNAnuyoga aura dravyAnuyoga ke bheda se cAra bhAgoM meM bA~TI gaI hai| prathamAnuyoga bodhi aura samAdhi ko dene vAlA hai / caraNAnuyoga hameM calanA-phiranA sikhAtA hai / karaNAnuyoga meM bhaugolika sthitiyoM kA varNana hai| dravyAnuyoga meM heya evaM upAdeya kyA hai, isa para gambhIra cintana hai| isameM pUrA jaina darzana vivecita hai / sabhI tattvoM kA nirvacana hai / isa sandarbha meM Agama aura paramAgama do nAma Ate haiM / Agama meM bhI do bheda haiM- darzana aura siddhAnta / darzana meM jaina tattva kA aura siddhAnta meM jIva siddhAnta tathA karma siddhAnta kA vivecana hai / isa prakAra isameM jaina darzana aura siddhAnta kA gUr3ha marma samajhAyA gayA hai| dvitIya pravacana : isameM mokSamArga para puSkala prakAza vikIrNa kiyA gayA hai / mokSamArga dhyAna ke alAvA aura kucha nhiiN| vaha bhI upabhoga kI ekAgra dazA kA nAma hai / ratnatraya to hai hii| tRtIya pravacana : isameM Ayukarma para mananIya sAmagrI hai / aSTavidha karmoM meM Ayukarma ko chor3akara zeSa sAta kI nirjarA kI jAtI hai| karma ke sambandha meM isa pravacana meM paryApta manthana kiyA gayA hai| Ayukarma kI nirjarA para zIghratA nahIM honI caahie| vaha hamArA prANa hai / caturtha pravacana : isameM janma kalyANaka para vicAra karate hue AcAryazrI ne batAyA hai ki bhagavAn kA janma nahIM huA karatA, ve to janma para vijaya karane se banate haiN| janma unakA hotA hai jo bhagavAn banane vAle hote haiN| isI apekSA se janma-kalyANaka manAyA jAtA hai| jAnanA cAhie ki janma hai kyA ? aThAraha doSoM meM eka janma aura maraNa bhI ginA jAtA hai, para jisa maraNa ke bAda janma nahIM hotA vaha maraNa pUjya ho jAtA hai| vaise janma eka mahAdoSa hai para bhagavAn kI janma jayantI isalie manAI jAtI hai ki ve tIrthaMkara hone vAle haiN| paMcama pravacana : isameM janma kalyANaka ke bAda hone vAle dIkSA kalyANaka kA sandarbha vicArArtha AtA hai / isameM hama dekhate haiM ki kisa prakAra sAMsArika samasta sukha kA tyAga kara bhavana se vana kI ora prasthAna hotA hai| isa tyAga se darzaka zraddhAluoM meM bhI tyAga kI bhAvanA janma le sakatI hai| mArga do haiM- eka saMsAramArga aura dUsarA mokSamArga / isa dRzya se saMsAra mArga se haTakara mokSamArga kI ora jAne kI preraNA milatI hai / jo bhI mukti cAhatA ho use zrAmaNya svIkAra karanA hogA / zramaNa banane se pUrva kisa-kisa se pUchanA hai-'pravacanasAra' meM isakA uttama varNana hai / sabase pahale mA~ ke pAsa jAtA hai aura kahatA hai : "tU merI mA~ nahIM hai, merI mA~ to zuddha caitanya AtmA hai| Apa to isa jar3amaya zarIra kI mA~ ho / isI prakAra pitA, patnI Adi se bhI vyavahAra kI dRSTi se pUchatA hai aura antataH zrAmaNya svIkAra kara letA hai / rAga se vairAgya aura vairAgya se antarmukhatA / yaha yAtrA parISaha aura upasargoM se guz2aratI hai| jo isa rAste AtmavizvAsa ke sAtha calatA hai use saMvara aura nirjarA bhI hotI hai / aise zrAmaNya ko puna: puna: namana / cauthe dina ke pravacana meM AcAryazrI ne kahA ki janmakalyANaka aura dIkSAkalyANaka ke bAda AtA hai tapakalyANaka / tapolIna ko jJAnopalabdhi hotI hai| munirAja ke pAsa kisI prakAra kI granthI/parigraha nahIM rahatA / kAraNa, zuddhopayoga hI unakI caryA hai / digambara caryA bar3I kaThina hai| yahI pravrajyA hai, yahI zrAmaNya hai, yahI jinatva hai, yahI caitya aura caityAlaya hai| matalaba yahI sarvasva hai / aSTama pravacana meM dharma-puruSArtha
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 519 ke phalasvarUpa prApta hone vAle munirAja ke kevalajJAnopalabdhi kI carcA hai / kevalI tattvata: to apane ko jAnatA hai, para vyavahArata: sva aura para donoM ko jAnatA hai| aise arhanta kI bhakti kI jAnI caahie| eka samaya thA jaba samyagdarzana ke sAtha donoM dharma huA karate the-muni dharma aura zrAvaka dharma / pahalA mukti meM sAkSAt kAraNa hotA thA aura dUsarA paramparayA / parantu Aja donoM hI dharma-paramparA se hI mukti ke lie kAraNa haiN| kAraNa, Aja sAkSAt kevalajJAna nahIM hotaa| isalie AcAryazrI kA kahanA hai ki isa tathya ko sahI-sahI samajhakara apane mArga ko Age taka prazasta karane kA dhyAna rakhanA hai| navama pravacana meM AcAryazrI kA kahanA hai ki dravyakarma, bhAvakarma aura nokarma-ina tInoM karmoM se atIta hokara ke sacce arthoM meM usa AtmA kA janma to aba huA hai| siddha parameSThI kI sahI janma jayantI aba huI hai / nirvANa kalyANaka meM kucha aura hI Ananda hai / kala taka samavasaraNa kI racanA thii| taba ve arhanta parameSThI mAne jAte the| usa samaya taka kevalajJAna thA, para mukti nahIM thii| sattA milane kA AzvAsana aura bAta hai tathA sattA kA hastAntaraNa aura bAta hai / parameSThiyoM ke bhI kaI sopAna haiM- sAdhu parameSThI, upAdhyAya parameSThI, AcArya parameSThI, arahanta parameSThI, siddha parameSThI / arahanta rUpa tIrthaMkara bhI siddha parameSThI ko namana karate haiN| siddha sabake ArAdhya haiM - zeSa sabhI ArAdhaka haiM / arahanta parameSThI bhI bhagavAn nahIM haiM-unheM upacArata: bhagavAn kahA jAtA hai / sAdhu kI sAdhanA chaThe guNasthAna se caudahaveM guNasthAna taka hotI hai| siddha parameSThI caudahaveM guNasthAna ko bhI pAra kara jAte haiN| inheM zAzvata siddhi prApta ho jAtI hai| phira bhI arahanta ko pahale isalie praNAma karate haiM ki ve hameM dikhate haiM aura upadeza dete haiN| dasaveM pravacana meM gajaratha mahotsava kI bAta kI gaI hai aura prasaMgata: dAna aura dhyAna ke vibhinna rUpoM kI bhI bAta kI gaI hai| dAna meM dhanadAna, zAstradAna, bhUdAna Adi ke bIca zAstradAna tattvata: upakaraNadAna hai / jahA~ taka dhyAna kA sambandha hai-eka hai apAyavicaya dharmadhyAna / AjJAvicaya dharmadhyAna se isakI mahattA isalie adhika hai ki isameM sabake kalyANa kI bhAvanA hai / isa prakAra kI bahuta-sI bAteM karate hue antata: unhoMne jaina-ajaina sabase kahA hai ki ve loga dharma kI bhAvanA dina dUnI-rAta caugunI karate rheN| pravacanikA (1993, sAgara, madhyapradeza) isa upakhaNDa meM kula chaha pravacana haiM- prArambha, zreSTha saMskAra, janma-maraNa se pare, samatva kI sAdhanA, dharmadezanA tathA niSThA se pratiSThA / prArambha : isa pravacana meM AcAryazrI ne kahA hai ki abhI dhvajArohaNa huA hai, aba paMcakalyANaka hoNge| atIta meM yaha ghaTanA kisa prakAra ghaTita huI hogI, isa para vicAra kI pratizruti bhI dI gaI hai aura vavaraNa ke mala meM jAne kA uddezya yaha hai ki hama bhI moha kA tyAga kreN| para yaha saba sAdhana haiM aura sAdhya hama svayaM haiM / bharata cakravartI ko kAma-puruSArtha tathA artha-puruSArtha ne AkRSTa nahIM kiyA, parantu jaba sevaka se yaha sunA ki AdinAtha bhagavAn ko kevalajJAna prApta ho gayA hai to isa sUcanA para prasanna hokara tatkAla saparivAra bhagavAn AdinAtha ke samavasaraNa meM sammilita hone cale ge| hameM bhI isa ghaTanA se preraNA lenI cAhie aura saMsAra ke tamAma pralobhanoM se haTakara mokSa-puruSArtha kI ora pravRtta honA caahie| ina yA aise AyojanoM se hamArI dRSTi meM parivartana honA caahie| dRSTi ke Upara hI hamAre bhAva nirbhara haiN| jaise-jaise dRSTi antarmukha hotI jAtI hai, bhAva bhI apane Apa zAnta hote jAte haiM / antataH unakA yahI anurodha rahA ki cakravartI kI bhA~ti bhAvanA hamAre, Apa sabake bhItara Ae / zreSTha saMskAra : isameM batAyA gayA hai ki upAdAna meM uttama sambhAvanA hai, para nimitta yA naisargika saMskAra se hI uttama sambhAvanA upalabdhi banatI hai / jala kI bU~da meM motI banane kI sambhAvanA hai, para eka to vaha svAti nakSatra kI ho, dUsare vaha samudra kI khule mu~ha vAlI sIpI meM hI par3e aura phira vaha mukha banda kara sAgara meM nIce calI jAya, tabhI motI rUpa meM isa vi
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________________ 520 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pariNata hotI hai / isa taraha hara garbha meM tIrthaMkara motI banakara nahIM aate| usake lie Avazyaka hai ki mAtA-pitA kI nirmala bhAvanA ho / ve uttama saMskAra ddaaleN| aise putraratna kA zarIra zAnti ke paramANuoM se nirmita hotA hai| pratyeka kriyA saMskAra ke sAtha calatI hai / bhAratIya saMskRti meM saMskAra kA bar3A mahattva hai| saMskAra se hI antarhita divyatva kA unmeSa hotA hai / patA nahIM kauna se garbhastha zizu meM, kisa taraha kI UrdhvamukhI sambhAvanA antarhita ho, ata: use anyathA karane kA hameM koI adhikAra nahIM hai / janma-maraNa se pare: isa pravacana meM kahA gayA hai ki santoM ke vacana ko gA~Tha meM bA~dha lenA caahie| ve bar3e kAma ke hote haiM / mokSamArga meM bhI unake vacana kAma meM Ate haiN| AcAryoM ne kahA hai ki mokSamArga meM cAra bAtoM kA dhyAna rakhanA cAhie - eka, janmata: yathAjAta nirvastra rUpa rakhanA; dUsare, AcArya ke vacanoM kA pAlana; tIsare, vinaya, namratA aura abhimAna kA abhAva tathA cauthe, zAstrAnuzIlana / putra - mRtyu ke kAraNa vikSipta vRddhA ke dRSTAnta se santa ne pratipAdita kiyA ki janma-maraNa avicchedya haiM / use koI TAla nahIM sktaa| vyavahAra meM bhI kahA tyAgA jA rahA tA hai ki sUryodaya hotA hai aura sUryAsta hotA hai| sUrya janma letA hai, yaha koI nahIM kahatA / pudgaloM ke bikhara jAne ko loga AtmA kA maraNa kaha dete haiM / kevalajJAna ke abhAva meM saMsArI janma-maraNa kI galata dhAraNA lekara bhaTakatA rahatA hai / yahI ajJAna hai / AtmA janma maraNa se pare hai / yahI samajha isa janmakalyANaka kI upalabdhi hai / samatva kI sAdhanA : isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki isa dIkSAkalyANaka samAroha kA aisA prabhAva par3a rahA hai ki mukuTa utara rahA hai, siMhAsana - kaisA vinaya aura vairAgya kA AcaraNa hai| zramaNa kI zobhA rAga se nahIM, virAga se hai / daigambarI dIkSA hI niSkalaMka patha hai / bhagavAn vRSabhanAtha svayam bhI anuzAsita the, samatA sampanna the aura apanI prajA ko bhI unhoMne anuzAsita rakhA thA / bharata cakravartI bhI unakI AjJA kA pAlana karate hue mukta hue / dharmadezanA : isameM AcAryazrI ne kahA ki kumAra neminAtha kisI anya saMkalpa se rathArUr3ha hokara jA rahe the, para baddha pazuoM kA karuNakrandana nimitta bana gyaa| ve ratha chor3akara utara pdd'e| aba saMkalpa meM parivartana A gayA aura rAstA badala gayA / aba saMsAra kA bandhana nahIM, jIvana kA lakSya bandhanamukta honA ho gayA, para hama haiM ki saba dekhate - sunate haiM kintu patha nahIM badalate / dayA ne hI patha parivartana karAyA / yadi dayA hai to jIvana dharmamaya hai| dayA dharma - ahiMsA dharma eka vRkSa kI taraha hai / zeSa satya, acaurya Adi cAra usI kI zAkhAe~ haiM / parigraha tattvataH mUrcchA kA nAma hai / bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne hameM yahI upadeza diyA hai ki pratyeka AtmA AtmakalyANa ke lie svatantra hai / hameM dayAvAn hokara paraspara upakAra kI bhAvanA se antas ko raMjita karanA cAhie / niSThA se pratiSThA : isameM AcAryazrI ne sAgara, madhyapradeza meM sAnanda sampanna paMca kalyANaka evaM traya gajaratha mahotsava ke avasara para kahA ki aise kArya sabhI ke sahayoga se sampanna hote haiN| dharma ke prati AsthA jaba dhIredhIre niSThA kI ora bar3hatI hai, pragAr3ha hotI hai, tabhI pratiSThA ho pAtI hai aura jaba pratiSThA kI ora dRSTipAta nahIM karate hue Age bar3hate haiM to saMsthA bana jAtI hai| tabhI sArI vyavasthA ThIka ho pAtI hai| phira to prakRti bhI sahayoga dene lagatI hai / sAmUhika puNya ke mAdhyama se Aja bhI dharma ke aise mahAn Ayojana sAnanda sampanna ho rahe haiN| aise avasara para mahAn AtmAoM kA smaraNa karanA cAhie aura unheM apanA Adarza mAnakara apane jIvana kA kalyANa karanA caahie| - bhakti - pa -pATha 'samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara' ke cAra khaNDoM meM prakAzita racanAoM ke atirikta AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI ne sAdhu-sAdhviyoM, zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM para kRpA kara utthAna zamanAnta paThanIya, mananIya evaM preraNAspada hone se smaraNIya, phalata: nitAnta upAdeya nau bhaktiyoM kA anuvAda hindI bhASA meM kara diyA hai| isase saMskRta bhASA se anabhijJa upAsaka jana bhI arthAvabodhapUrvaka apanI cetanA ko susnAta aura sikta kara skeNge| upAsaka inhIM ke pAThArambha se apanI dinacaryA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 521 Arambha karate haiM aura isI se sampanna bhI / isase inakI mahattA spaSTa hai / ye nau bhaktiyA~ haiM- siddhabhakti, cAritrabhakti, yogibhakti, AcAryabhakti, nirvANabhakti, nandIzvarabhakti, caityabhakti, zAntibhakti tathA paJcamahAgurubhakti / zrutabhakti abhI pratIkSA sUcI meM hai / samAdhibhakti jijJAsA kA viSaya banI huI hai| ___ pahalI bhakti hai-'siddhabhakti' / paMca parameSThiyoM (parame tiSThati iti parameSThI) meM cAra kakSAoM ke adhikArI manuSya haiM aura eka kakSA ke adhikArI haiM mukta AtmAe~ / ye hI mukta AtmAe~ 'siddha' kahI jAtI haiN| AThoM prakAra ke karmoM ke kSaya se jaba zarIra bhI nahIM rahatA to use (videha, mukta) siddha kahate haiM / ye Urdhvaloka meM lokAgra meM puruSAkAra chAyArUpa meM sthita rahate haiN| inakA pana: saMsAra meM Agamana nahIM hotaa| ye sacce parama deva haiN| saMsArI bhavyajIva vItarAga bhAva kI sAdhanA se isa avasthA ko prApta kara sakate haiN| ve jJAna zarIrI haiN| siddhabhakti meM inhIM ke guNa-gaNa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / isameM pUrva meM kI gaI unakI sAdhanA aura usase upalabdha U~cAiyoM kA vivaraNa hai| dUsarI hai-cAritrabhakti / isameM ratnatraya meM parigaNita cAritra rUpa ratna kI mahimA gAI gaI hai aura usakI sugandha AcAra meM prasphuTita ho, yaha kAmanA vyakta kI gaI hai / darzana, jJAna aura cAritra kI sammilita kAraNatA hai - mokSa ke prati / jaina zAstroM meM isake antargata atyanta sUkSma aura vargIkRta vivecana milatA hai / AcAryazrI ne bhI tamAma pAribhASika zabdoM kA sAMketika prayoga kiyA hai / udAharaNa ke lie kAyotsarga, guptiyA~, mahAvrata, IryA Adi samitiyA~, terahavidha cAritra, karma-nirjarA aadi| tIsarI bhakti hai-yogibhakti / sanAtanI vidyA kI abhivyakti kI do dhArAe~ haiM-zabda aura prAtibha / abhivyakti kI dUsarI dhArA zramaNamArga kI dhArA hai / tapa evaM kheda ke arthavAlI divAdi gaNa meM paThita zramu' dhAtu meM 'lyuT' pratyaya hone para 'zramaNa' zabda niSpanna hotA hai / isakA artha hai - tapana yA tapa karanA / para dhArA vizeSa meM yaha yogarUr3ha' hai-yoM yaugika to hai hI / tapa hI isa dhArA kI pahacAna hai / yaha tattva na to usa mAtrA meM brAhmaNa dhArA meM hai aura na hI bauddha dhArA meM / yogibhakti meM AcAryazrI ne prabala tapovidhi kA vivaraNa diyA hai| kahA gayA hai : "bAhyAbhyantara dvAdazavidha tapa tapate haiM mada-mardaka haiN|" cauthI bhakti hai-aacaarybhkti| paMca parameSThI meM tRtIya sthAna AcArya kA hai / adhyAtmamArga ke pathika ko AcArya kI a~gulI, unakA hastAvalamba anivArya hai aura yaha unakI bhakti se hI sambhava hai / kahA gayA hai : "upAsyA guravo nityamapramattaiH zivArthibhiH / tatpakSatA_-pakSAntazcarAvighnoragottarAH // " sAgAra-dharmAmRta, 2/45 AcArya rUpa zrI sadguru svayaM darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa aura vIrya- ina pA~ca prakAra ke AcAroM kA pAlana karatA hai aura anya sAdhuoM se bhI usakA pAlana karAtA hai, dIkSA detA hai, vratabhaMga yA sadoSa hone para prAyazcita karAtA hai| Asrava ke lie kAraNIbhUta sabhI sambhAvanAoM se apane ko bacAtA hai| isameM AcArya ke chattIsa guNa batAe gae haiN| pA~cavI bhakti hai - nirvANabhakti / AcAryazrI kA saMkalpa hai : "nirvANoM kI bhakti kA karake kAyotsarga / Alocana usakA karU~ le prabhu tava sNsrg||" 'mahAvIra' padavI se vibhUSita tIrthaMkara vardhamAna kA nirvANAnta paMcakalyANaka atyanta zobhana zabdoM se varNita hai| ina tIrthaMkara ke sAtha katipaya anya pUrvavartI tIrthaMkaroM kI nirvANabhUmiyA~ unake cihnoM ke sAtha varNita haiN|
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________________ 522 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA chaThI bhakti hai - nandIzvarabhakti / yaha 16 jUna, 1991 ko siddhakSetra muktAgirijI, baitUla, madhyapradeza meM anUdita huI thI jabaki zeSa bhaktiyA~ gujarAta prAntavartI zrI vighnahara pArzvanAtha digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mahuA, sUrata, gujarAta meM 22 sitambara, 1996 ko anUdita huI thIM / nandIzvara - yaha aSTama dvIpa hai, jo nandIzvara sAgara se ghirA huA hai / yaha sthAna itanA ramaNIya aura prabhAvI hai ki usakA varNana par3hakara svayaM AcAryazrI to prabhAvita hue hI haiM aura bhI kitane muniyoM tathA sAdhakoM ko bhI yahA~ se dizA milI hai| aise hI parama punIta sthAnoM meM sammedAcala, pAvApura kA bhI ullekhanIya sthAna hai / aise aneka jina bhavana haiM jo mokSasAdhya ke hetubhUta haiM / caturvidha deva taka saparivAra yahA~ ina jinAlayoM meM Ate haiM / AcAryazrI ina aura aise anya jinAlayoM ke prati sazraddha natazira haiM / sAtavIM bhakti hai - caityabhakti / AcAryazrI ne batAyA hai ki jinavara ke caitya praNamya haiN| ye kisI dvArA nirmita nahIM haiM apitu svayam bane haiN| inakI saMkhyA anagina hai / auroM ke sAtha AcAryazrI kI bhI kAmanA hai ki ve bhI una saba caityoM kA bharatakhaNDa meM rahakara bhI arcana - vandana - pUjana karate raheM, tAki vIra maraNa ho, jinapada kI prApti ho aura sAmane sanmatilAbha ho / AThavIM bhakti hai-zAntibhakti / isa bhakti meM du:kha-dagdha dharatI para jahA~ kaSAya kA bhAnu nirantara Aga ugala rahA ho, kise zAnti abhISTa na hogI ? tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha zItala - chAyAyukta vaha vaTa vRkSa haiM jahA~ avizrAnta saMsArI ko vizrAnti milatI hai / isIlie AcAryazrI kahate haiM solahaveM tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha ko dRSTigata kara : " zAntinAtha ho vizvazAnti ho bhA~ti-bhA~ti kI bhrAnti haro / praNAma ye svIkAra karo lo kisI bhA~ti mujha kAnti bharo // " isa saMkalana kI antima bhakti hai - paMca mahAgurubhakti / isameM antata: paMca parameSThiyoM ke prati unake guNagaNoM aura apratima vaibhava kA smaraNa karate hue AcAryazrI kAmanA karate haiM : " kaSTa dUra ho, karmacUra ho, bodhilAbha ho, sadgati ho / vIramaraNa ho, jinapada mujhako mile sAmane sanmati o // "" ina vividhavidha bhaktiyoM ke atirikta Apake dvArA AcArya akalaMkadeva kRta 'svarUpa-sambodhana' (1996) grantha kA bhI sarasa anuvAda kiyA gayA hai, jo adyAvadhi aprakAzita hai| isameM jinadarzana sammata sarvavidha cintana kA sAra A gayA hai - vizeSakara Atmacintana kA / hAikU (1996) : AcAryazrI ne kucha kSaNikAe~ bhI likhI haiM jo jApAnI 'hAikU' kI chAyA lie hue haiN| yaha vidhA laghukAya hokara gaharI vyaMjanA karatI hai / isakI mahattA isakI vyaMjanakSamatA ke atireka meM hai / yathA : " ghanI nizA meM / mAthA bhayabhIta ho / AsthA AsthA hai / " AsthA, AsthA hai, vaha DiganA nahIM jaantii| abhI taka AcAryazrI ke dvArA DhAI sau se adhika hAikU likhe jA cuke haiN| isa prakAra AcAryazrI kI nirjhariNI lokahitArtha nirantara sakriya hai / munirAja zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke prati namanAMjali /
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________________ pariziSTa : dvitIya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja : vyaktitva, sRjana evaM zodha-sandarbha (ka) vyaktitva paricAyaka kRtiyA~ jaina sandeza (sAptAhika, 20 pharavarI, 1975), sampAdaka-paM. kailAzacandra siddhAntazAstrI, vArANasI, uttarapradeza kA pradhAna sampAdakIya Alekha- eka nae nakSatra kA udaya', prakAzaka-bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina saMgha, saMgha bhavana, caurAsI, mathurA-281 004, uttarapradeza, phona-(0565)2420711 / samAcAra patraka (mAsika, AcArya vidyAsAgara vizeSAMka, 30-9-1978), sampAdaka- pyArelAla jaina, zravaNa kamAra jaina Adi, saujanya sampAdaka-kalyANamala jhA~jharI. zrI digambara jaina yavaka samiti-kolakAtA. pI-4, kalAkAra sTrITa, kolakAtA-700 007, pazcima baMgAla, pRSTha-30+60+40 / tIrthaMkara (mAsika, navambara-disambara, 1978-AcArya vidyAsAgara vizeSAMka), sampAdaka-DaoN. nemIcanda jaina, 65-patrakAra kaoNlonI, kanAr3iyA mArga, indaura-452 018, madhyapradeza, mo.- 93006-01846 / vidyAsAgara (mAsika- 'pUjya AcArya vidyAsAgara dIkSA vizeSAMka', jUna-80, evaM 'vidyAsAgara kRtitva vizeSAMka', jUna-julAI, 1992)- pradhAnasampAdaka-nirmala Az2Ada, dvArA-AzISa jaina, vhI. ena. iNTara- prAijeja, 485-hanumAnatAla, jabalapura-482 002, madhyapradeza, phona-(0761)2650948, 5013948, mo. 94251-52318 mukti patha kA rAhI (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke jIvana vRttAnta para AdhArita nATaka), lekhikA-DaoN. vimalA jaina caudharI, vijaya hArDaveyara, lArDagaMja, jabalapura, madhyapradeza, prakAzaka-jaina pustaka sadana,161/ 1, mahAtmA gA~dhI mArga, kolakAtA-700 007, pazcima baMgAla, prathama AvRtti-1981, pRsstth-8+36| sAgara meM vidyAsAgara (sAgara meM prathama SaTkhaNDAgama vAcanA zivira 1980 ke prasaMga para) sampAdaka-DaoN. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, prakAzaka-prabandhakAriNI kameTI, gaNeza digambara jaina saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, morAjI, sAgara, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1981, pRSTha-12+146 / vidyAsAgarASTakam, (IsarI, jhArakhaNDa-3 apraila, 1983), racayitA-DaoN. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, pUrva nidezaka-zrI varNI digambara jaina gurukula, pisanahArI mar3hiyA, jabalapura-482 003, madhyapradeza, phona - (0761)2370991 / vidyAMjali - muni zrI guptisAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka -zrI digambara jaina kSetra kuNDalapura, damoha, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1988, pRSTha-40 / zrI 108 jJAnasAgarAcAryasya samAdhisAdhaka: zrI 108 AcAryaH vidyAsAgaraH, racayitA-paM. jaganmohana lAla zAstrI, kaTanI, madhyapradeza, 'kundakunda vANI', mAsika-maI-1990, sampAdaka - 683, bhAladArapurA, jabalapura-482 002, mdhyprdesh| vidyA-stuti (vidyAsAgara cAlIsA, AcAryazrI dvArA dIkSita ziSyoM ke nAma se AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI kA guNAnuvAda), racayitA-muni zrI uttamasAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-sakala digambara jaina samAja, barelA, prAptisthAna-munIza jaina, adhyakSa-sanmati yuvA maNDala, bAjAra mohallA, barelA, jabalapura, madhyapradeza, prathamaAvRtti-1990, pRSTha-24 / 10.
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________________ 524 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 11. divyadhvani (tribhASika mAsika-- AcArya vidyAsAgara vizeSAMka, julAI-agasta, 1991), prakAzaka zrImad rAjacandra AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kendra, zrI satzruta sevA sAdhanA kendra, kobA-382 009, gA~dhInagara, gujarAta, phona-(079)23276219, 24831484, pRSTha-120 / vidyA-zataka (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kA kAvyamaya jIvana paricaya), racayitA-pro. zIlacanda jaina, chindavAr3A, prakAzaka-zrI digambara jaina golApUrva samAja, chindavAr3A, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1992, pRsstth-4+14|| 13. guru garimA zataka (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara zataka), racayitA-muni zrI samatAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka rAjendrakumAra jaina, mesarsa-dazarathalAla rAjendrakumAra jaina, satanA, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1992, pRSTha-32 / vinaya-paMcakam (AcArya vidyAsAgara stavana, 3 janavarI, 1993) racayitA-DaoN. pannAlAla saahityaacaary| vidyA-vandanA (AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI evaM AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI para likhita aneka pUjana, AratI, bhajanarUpa bhaktiprasUna saMkalana), prakAzaka-vidyA sAhitya prakAzana samiti, vidizA, madhyapradeza, prAptisthAnaDaoN. vIrendra jaina, 10-subhASa patha, vidizA, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1993, pRSTha-8+176, mUlya- 20 rupe| zabda sumana mAlA (AcArya vidyAsAgara zataka), racayitA-zrIdhara zarmA, lakhanAdauna, sivanI, madhyapradeza, prakAzaka-pro. sureza canda jaina, vANijya vibhAga, zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya,devarI, sAgara, madhyapradeza, prathamaAvRtti-1993, pRSTha - 48 / vidyASTaka (guru vandanA)- ('catuSTaya aSTaka maMjarI' ke antargata saMgrahIta), muni zrI svabhAvasAgarajI mahArAja,), prakAzaka-trilokacandra mahendrakumAra gadiyA, nayA bAjAra, ajamera, rAjasthAna, prathamAvRtti1993, pRsstth-8| amUrta zilpI : AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara (vyaktitva aura vicAra) - muni zrI kSamAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka- gunA, madhyapradeza ke jaina yuvAoM kI vinamra prastuti, prathama saMskaraNa-1994, pRSTha-16 / vidyASTakam (svopajJa saMskRta va hindI TIkA evaM citra bandha, zabdakoza Adi sahita), racayitA-muni zrI niyamasAgarajI mahArAja, sampAdaka - DaoN. prabhAkara nArAyaNa kavaThekara, pUrva kulapati - vikrama vizvavidyAlaya, ujjaina, prakAzaka-pradIpa jaina, pradIpa kaTapIsa, azokanagara, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1994, pRSTha37+200, mUlya-100 rupa e / kundakunda vANI (mAsika, AcArya vidyAsAgara dIkSA smRti divasa vizeSAMka, jUna-julAI, 1994)sampAdaka-kamalakumAra jaina bAkalIvAla, zrI kundakunda prakAzana, jaina bAr3A, daulatagaMja, gvAliyara, madhyapradeza, phona-(0751)2325026 / / jyotirmaya nirgrantha (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke vyaktitva para upanyAsAtmaka prastuti), lekhaka evaM prakAzakamizrIlAla jaina eDavhokeTa, vidyAnidhi prakAzana, purAnA posTa oNphisa mArga, batAzA galI, gunA-473 001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07542)255906, prathama AvRtti-1994, pRSTha-111, mUlya-30 rupe| yugapuruSa AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara (vyaktitva evaM kartRtva paricaya), lekhaka-pro. zIlacanda jaina, hindI vibhAga, Deniyalasana kaoNleja, chindavAr3A, prakAzaka-zrImatI kusuma jaina, jhaNDA cabUtarA ke sAmane, mu.po.-ghuvArA 471 313, TIkamagar3ha, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1994, pRSTha-12 / 23. zramaNa paramparA ke Adarza santa : jainAcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja (hindI evaM gujarAtI), lekhaka 18. 20.
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 525 24. 27 DaoN. bArelAla jaina, hindI saMskaraNa-prakAzaka-vimalakumAra jaina ajamerA, rUpa TreDarsa, 702-zAstrI nagara, dAdAbAr3I, koTA, rAjasthAna, prathamAvRtti-1995, pRSTha-12, gujarAtI anuvAda- prakAzaka-vIra vidyA saMgha, gujarAta, bI-2, sambhavanAtha apArTamenTsa, bakhAriyA kaoNlonI, usmAnapurA, ahamadAbAda-380 013, gujarAta, phona-(079)27550180, 1996 / vidyAsAgara gItagaMgA (AcArya vidyAsAgara ke vyaktitva para AdhArita gIta evaM kavitAe~), lekhaka-kavi sundara jaina, prakAzaka-zrI digambara jaina atizaya siddhakSetra kuNDalapura prabandhakAriNI samiti, kuNDalapura, damoha, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1995, pRsstth-32| vidyA bhakti rasa (100 bhakti-gIta, bhajanoM kA sRjana-saMkalana), saMkalaka-bra. kiraNa jaina nirmohI, panAgara, jabalapura, madhyapradeza, sahayoga- bra. sunItA jaina, azokanagara, madhyapradeza, brAhmI vidyA Azrama, sAgara evaM jabalapura, madhyapradeza, prakAzaka-zrI sUrata sattara jilA digambara jaina mitra maNDala, sUrata, gujarAta, prAptisthAnadilIpa bhAI gA~dhI, 200-AhurA nagara, bhulakA bhuvana skUla ke sAmane, ar3Ajana roDa, sUrata, gujarAta, pRSTha80, 1996 / vidyAdhara se vidyAsAgara (jIvana vRtta), lekhaka-sureza sarala, prakAzaka-AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, seThajI kI nasiyA, byAvara-305 901, ajamera, rAjasthAna evaM zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera-303 902, jayapura, rAjasthAna, phona-(0141)2730390,2730552, 5177300, prathama saMskaraNa- 1996, pRSTha-102+170, mUlya-50 rupe| Jain Acharya Shri Vidyasagarji Maharaj [An Ideal Saints in Sraman (Ascetic) Tradition) Author - Dr. Barelal Jain, Hindi Dept.- Awadhesh Pratap Singh University, Rewa, M.P., Translator - Niranjan Jetalpuriya, 22-Chanchalbagh Society, Ranna park, Ghatlodiya, Ahmedabad, Gujrat, Publisher-K.S.Garments, 25-KhajuriBazar, Indore-452002,MadhyaPradesh, First Edition- 1997, Page-16. vidyAsAgara kI lahareM (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke vyaktitva evaM kartRtva para vistRta paricayAtmaka vizleSaNa), prakAzaka-zrI digambara jaina yuvaka saMgha, vidyAsAgara nagara, satyama gaisa ke sAmane, vijaya nagara, indaura-452 010, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1997, pRSTha-196, mUlya-25 rupe| vidyA vaibhava zataka, vidyA stuti zataka, vidyA maMjarI - ailaka zrI nirbhayasAgarajI mahArAja / prAptisthAna - mahAvIra mitra maNDala, zrI zAntinAtha digambara jaina mandira, 78-dhanalakSmI sosAyaTI, oDhava, ahamadAbAda, gujarAta, phona-(079)22872281, prathamAvRtti-1998 / 'kIrti stambha' evaM 'kAvyamaMjarI' (donoM kAvya saMgrahoM meM aneka kavitAe~ AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke prati samarpita)- ailaka zrI nizcayasAgarajI mahArAja, prathamAvRtti - 1999 / 'terI jIta-parAjaya merI', (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ke 51 veM janma divasa ke prasaMga para 51 kAvyAtmaka bhAvanAnubhUtiyA~), racayitA-AcArya zrI puSpadantasAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-prajJazrI saMgha, bhiNDa, madhyapradeza, prAptisthAna-pramoda kumAra jaina, pradhAna sampAdaka-puSpavArtA, sAbUjI kA bAr3A, dAla bAjAra, gvAliyara-474 001, madhyapradeza, phona-(0751)2336763, 2232368, dvitIya saMskaraNa-2000, pRsstth-88| santoM ke santa - [guru guNagAna, vidyA upamA chattIsI, gurugaurava gItA (AcArya vidyAsAgara paccIsI), vidyAsindhu bhajana saMgraha, guru ke guNa apAra, vidyA vandanA zataka, guru ke 108 nAma Adi saMkalana], racayitA 28. 32.
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________________ 526 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 34. muni zrI uttamasAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-zrImatI pramilA santoSa baisAkhiyA, lAr3apurA, itavArI, nAgapura440 00, mahArASTra, phona-(0712) 2768623 (ni.), 2746139 (kA.), prathama AvRtti-2001, pRsstth-14+192| AtmazilpI AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara : jIvana-darzana (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kA apratima vyaktitva, sAhitya, pravacanAMza, ArAdhanA evaM AtmazilpI ke jIvanta zilpa--dIkSita sAdhuoM kA jIvana paricaya), lekhaka-mizrIlAla jaina eDavhokeTa, gunA, madhyapradeza, phona-(07542)255906, sampAdana evaM prakAzanabra. amRtazrI, ahiMsA ArmI mAnava kalyANa jIvadayA ceriTebala TrasTa, 5-e, jalataraMga sosAyaTI, zAhapura pula ke pAsa, ahamadAbAda-380 004, gujarAta, prathama saMskaraNa-2001, pRSTha-19+540, mUlya-100 rupe| akSayanidhi kA anveSaka (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke jIvana para AdhArita citrakathA), lekhaka-DaoN. malacanda jaina, sampAdaka-sanamata kamAra jaina, prakAzaka-zAnti jJAnodaya zodha saMsthAna, bar3A bAjAra, pannA. madhyapradeza, phona - (07732) 252655, 2001, pRsstth-32|| nirmala raco umaMga (choTe bAbA AcArya vidyAsAgarajI se kuNDalapura ke bar3e bAbA taka anahadanAda-12 kAvyoM kA saMkalana), racayitA-nirmala jaina iTauriyA, prAptisthAna-bhAgacanda girIzakumAra iTauriyA, sTezana roDa, damoha-470 661, madhyapradeza, phona-(07812)222420, prathama AvRtti-2001, pRSTha-32 / yAdeM vidyAdhara kI ('vidyAdhara se vidyAsAgara' pustaka ke AdhAra para citrAtmaka prastuti), citrakAra-suzrI AzA jaina, chindavAr3A, prakAzaka-rAjeza jaina devar3iyA, laoNrela za, 23-ziva vilAsa pailesa, rAjavAr3A, indaura-452 004, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-2001, pRSTha-68, mUlya-15 rupe| vidyA guru vandanASTaka ('neka jIvana' pustaka ke caturtha sopAna stuti' ke antargata saMgrahIta), muni zrI ArjavasAgarajI mahArAja, prAptisthAna-- ajita jaina, ema. AI. jI., 8/4, gItAMjali kAmpaleksa, bhopAla, madhyapradeza, phona-(0755)2772945, prathama saMskaraNa-2004, pRSTha-50, mUlya-16 rupe| AtmAnveSI (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke jIvana vRtta kI sacitra prastuti evaM saMsmaraNa), lekhaka-muni zrI kSamAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-vidyA prakAzana mandira, 1681-dariyAgaMja, naI dillI-110 002, prAptisthAna- rAja pramoda zAha, 2600-nAgoriyoM kA cauka, ghIvAloM kA rAstA, jauharI bAjAra, jayapura302 003, rAjasthAna,phona-(0141)2566098, 5069549, gyArahavA~ saMskaraNa-2004, mUlya-40 rupe| yugAvatAra AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja (kAvyamaya jIvana paricaya), racayitA-paM. prabhudayAla motIlAlajI paTairiyA 'dayAla', prakAzaka-paM. saMjIva kumAra paTairiyA, maharaunI, lalitapura, uttarapradeza, prathama AvRtti-2004, pR.-32, mUlya-20 rupe| athaka pathika (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI para kendrita 30 kavitAoM kA saMgraha), racayitA-DaoN. anila siMghaI 'nIra', prAptisthAna-DaoN. anila siMghaI, 72-gA~dhI cauka vArDa, paThA jaina mandira ke pAsa, sAgara-470 002, madhyapradeza,mo. 98260-71055 prathama AvRtti-2004, pRSTha-48, mUlya-20 rupe| mahAmuni gAthA (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke jIvana vRtta para AdhArita kAvya grantha), racanAkAra-DaoN. anila siMghaI 'nIra', prAptisthAna-DaoN. anila siMghaI, kesaravAnI paoNlI klInika, bhagavAna gaMja, sAgara-470 002, madhyapradeza,phona - (07582)247101, prathama AvRtti-2004, pRSTha-12+252, mUlya-101 rupe| mahAzramaNa (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke vyaktitva evaM jIvanadarzana para kendrita 106 jJAnodaya chanda tathA 16 dohe)-- munizrI ajitasAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka -- prakAza zodha saMsthAna, prakAza hAusa,4-dariyAgaMja, 41. 42.
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 527 naI dillI-110 002, prathamAvRtti-2005 I., pRSTha- 58+53 citr| 43. paramapUjya AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI evaM AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke vyaktitva evaM kartRtva viSayaka zodha sandarzikA, saMkalana-DaoN. zItalacanda jaina, prAcArya-zrI digambara jaina AcArya saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, sAMgAnera, jayapura, rAjasthAna, prakAzaka-maitrI samUha, prAptisthAna -- 1/205, prophesarsa kaoNlonI,hariparvata, AgarA, uttarapradeza, phona- (0562) 2151127, mo. 098370-25087, prathamAvRtti- 2005, pRSTha- 54, mUlya-20 rupye| 44. saMsmaraNa (AcArya vidyAsAgara mahArAja ke 53 preraka prasaMgoM kA saMkalana evaM kucha anya racanAe~), saMkalana evaM sampAdana - muni zrI kunthusAgarajI mahArAja, prApti sthAna - zrI digambara jaina mandira TrasTa kameTI, lakSmInArAyaNa vArDa, karelI, narasiMhapura, madhyapradeza, pRSTha-72. prathamAvRtti-2006 / 45. In Ouest of the self (The life story of Aacharya Shri Vidyasagar) By-- Muni Kshamasagar Translated by--Kamalkant Jaswal (Retired Secretary,Department of Information Technology, Govt. of India), Publishedby--BhartiyaJnanpith,18-Institutional Area, Lodi Road, New Delhi110003, First Edition-2006, Page-154, Price - Rs.100/-. AlhA- AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke tyAga para, racayitA-phUlacanda siMghaI, prakAzaka-siMghaI phUlacanda ratanacanda jaina sarApha, rAjendra phlora eNDa oNyala milsa, mu.po. bar3agA~va, kaTanI, madhyapradeza, pRSTha-14 / 47. vidyAsAgara paMcaviMzatikA, racayitA-navaratana pATanI kAlUvAlA, pATanI sadana, hAthI bhATA, ajamera, raajsthaan| 48. 'AtmAnveSI' (muni zrI kSamAsAgarajI dvArA AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ke jIvana - vRtta para AdhArita 'AtmAnveSI' kRti kA marAThI anuvAda), anuvAdaka - zrI vhI.e. manorakara jaina, jJAna-vidyA', plATa naM. 59, naI gajAnana kaoNlonI, gArakher3A, auraMgAbAda-431 005,mahArASTra, phona - (0240) 2442795, mo. 99604 - 38115, samparka sUtra - digambara jaina sevA samiti, dvArA-gomaTeza ilekTraoNniksa, sarAphA roDa, khAdI bhaNDAra ke sAmane, auraMgAbAda-431 001, mahArASTra, aprkaashit| 49. (ka) arcana ke sumana, (kha) praNAma, (ga) vidyA paMcaka- racayitA-ailaka zrI udArasAgarajI mhaaraaj| vidyAsAgara AlhA - haragovinda vizva, sAgara, madhyapradeza / ___ vidyAsAgara AlhA - zailendra jar3iyA, sAgara, madhyapradeza / 52. vidyASTakam (saMskRta)- racayitA-DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAgendu', 28-saroja sadana, sarasvatI kaoNlonI, damoha-470 661, madhyapradeza, phona-(07812)231135, mo. 94254-55338, prakAzaka- zrI bhAgacandra iToriyA sArvajanika nyAsa, sTezana roDa, damoha, mdhyprdesh| guru bhakti (guru vandanA-AcArya bhakti, AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja evaM AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja kI pUjana, AratI), prakAzaka-zrI digambara jaina yuvaka saMgha, satyama gaisa ke sAmane, e. bI. roDa, indaura-452 010, madhyapradeza, pRSTha-40, mUlya-5 rupe| vidyA thudi (muni zrI niyamasAgarajI mahArAja dvArA kevala ATha akSaroM ke AdhAra para ATha zlokoM sahita citrAlaMkAra yukta vidyASTakam' saMskRta stavana evaM ailaka zrI samyaktvasAgarajI mahArAja dvArA usake padyAnuvAda kA laghu prakAzana), prakAzaka-jaina samAja, gunA, madhyapradeza, pRSTha-32 / 55. jJAnadUta vidyAdhara ('vidyAdhara' se 'AcArya vidyAsAgara' banane kI 38 citramaya prastuti), sampAdikA
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________________ 528 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA bra.piMkI dIdI, citrasajjA-navIna zarmA, prakAzaka-virendrakumAra evaM sunandA ajamerA, mo.098291-90231, pRSTha - 76 / (kha) sandarbha grantha cAritracakravartI AcArya zrI zAntisAgara smRti grantha, sampAdaka-bAlacanda devacanda zahA, mantrI-zrI cAritracakravartI 108 AcArya zrI zAntisAgara jinavANI jIrNoddhAraka saMsthA, phalaTaNa, mahArASTra, prathamAvRtti1973, pRSTha-176+360 / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara cAturmAsa smArikA, sampAdaka-dharmacanda modI, prakAzaka-adhyakSa-digambara jaina munisaMgha vyavasthA samiti, byAvara-305 901, ajamera, rAjasthAna, prathamAvRtti-1973, pRSTha-102 / paMcakalyANaka-gajaratha mahotsava smArikAe~, jabalapura-1993, nandIzvara jinAlaya nirmANa kameTI, pisanahArI mar3hiyA, jabalapura-482 003, madhyapradeza evaM khajurAho-1981, zahapurA bhiTaunI-jabalapura-1985, goTegA~va-1989, sAgara-1993 bhii| mukti patha ke bIja (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke sAnnidhya meM samAdhimaraNa karane vAle sAdhakoM kA paricaya), prakAzaka-kalyANamala jhA~jharI, pI-4, kalAkAra sTrITa, kolakAtA-700 007, pazcima baMgAla, prathama AvRtti-1983, pRSTha-20 / digambara jaina sAdhu paricaya, sampAdaka-brahmacArI dharmacandra zAstrI, prakAzaka-AcArya dharmazruta granthamAlA, godhA sadana, alasIsara hAusa, saMsAracandra roDa, jayapura, rAjasthAna, prathamAvRtti-20 akTUbara, 1985, pRSTha38+612, mUlya-31 rupe| bAlArjuna (aitihAsika upanyAsa), lekhaka-DaoN. gaNeza khare, prakAzaka-zabda bhAratI, 84- purAnA bairahanA, ilAhAbAda, uttarapradeza, prathama saMskaraNa-1987, pRSTha-212, mUlya-35 rupe| hindI sAhitya kA vastuparaka AlocanAtmaka itihAsa (do khaNDa), lekhaka-DaoN. rAmaprasAda mizra, 14sahayoga apArTameNTsa, po. bA. naM. 9117, mayUra vihAra-I, dillI-110 091, phona-(011) 22751970, prakAzaka- lakSmI nArAyaNa zarmA, sat sAhitya bhaNDAra, 57-bI, pAkeTa-e, azoka vihAra, pheja-2, dillI110 052, prathama saMskaraNa-1988, mUlya-1100 rupae prati khaNDa / saMskRta zataka paramparA aura AcArya vidyAsAgara ke zataka (DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara, madhyapradeza se 1984 meM pIeca.DI. hetu svIkRta zodha prabandha), lekhikA-DaoN. AzAlatA malaiyA, sAgara, prakAzakajayazrI oNyala milsa, gavalI pArA, durga, chattIsagar3ha, phona (0788) 2211704(ni.), 2210104, 2210304 (kA.), mo. 94252 -43412, prathama AvRtti-1989, pRSTha-30 + 472, mUlya-120 rupe| hindI sevI netA-dArzanika-yogI, lekhaka-DaoN. rAmaprasAda mizra, prakAzaka-bhAratIya grantha niketana, 2713kU~cA celAna, dariyAgaMja, naI dillI-110 002, prathama AvRtti-1992, pRSTha - 158, mUlya-50 rupe| parachAiyA~ mauna sAdhaka kI...(AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke rajata muni dIkSA varSa - 'saMyama varSa' ke prasaMga para AcAryazrI ke sambandha meM vidvat abhimata evaM 25 citroM kI prastuti), prakAzaka-subhASa ka. jaina, vidyAsAgara vicAra maMca, di thrI bradarsa (sAkSI proDakTsa), javAhara roDa, amarAvatI-444 601, mahArASTra, phona(0721)2578740, prathamAvRtti-1992, pRSTha-24 / 'dezabandhu', dainika jabalapura, 4 julAI 1992, 'svadeza', dainika gvAliyara, 22 navambara 1996, 'navabhArata' 8.. 11.
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 529 12. 13. dainika nAgapura-24 jUna 1993, 'sandeza' gujarAtI dainika-sUrata-29 julAI 1996, 'lokamata samAcAra', dainika nAgapura-26 jUna 1993, dezabandhu'-rAyapura-14 janavarI 1984, navIna duniyA -dainika jabalapuranavambara 1988 ko prakAzita viziSTa pariziSTa / mahAmanISI AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara : jIvana evaM sAhityika avadAna (DI.liT. ke lie likhita zodha prabandha), lekhaka-DaoN. vimalakumAra jaina, dillI, prakAzaka-nirmala kumAra jaina evaM rAjendra kumAra jaina, jJAnodaya saMsthAna, 8/1127, jaina bAga, vIra nagara, sahAranapura-247 001, uttarapradeza, phona - (0132) 2742186, 2746815, 2658848, 2724423, prathama AvRtti-1996, pRSTha-20+676, mUlya-100 rupe| saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM bIsavIM zatAbdI ke jaina manISiyoM kA yogadAna (DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara, ma.pra. se pIeca. DI. hetu 1992 meM svIkRta zodha prabandha), lekhaka-DaoN. narendra siMha rAjapUta, prakAzaka-AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, byAvara, ajamera, rAjasthAna evaM bhagavAn RSabhadeva granthamAlA, zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera-303 902, jayapura, rAjasthAna, phona (0141)2731952, prathama saMskaraNa-1996, pRSTha-16+304, mUlya-50 rupe| 14. AcArya vidyAsAgara : vyaktitva evaM kAvya kalA (mohanalAla sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura, rAjasthAna se 1996 meM pIeca. DI. hetu svIkRta zodha prabandha), lekhikA- DaoN. (zrImatI) mAyA jaina, sampAdaka-DaoN. ramezacandra jaina, prakAzaka-AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, byAvara, ajamera, rAjasthAna tathA zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera-303 902, jayapura, rAjasthAna, phona - (0141)2730390, prathama saMskaraNa-1997, pRSTha-52+332, mUlya-50 rupe| 15. parachAiyA~-patha pradarzaka kI (AcArya vidyAsAgara jI ke prati viziSTajanoM kI bhAvAbhivyakti evaM AcAryazrI ke citroM kI prastuti), saMkalaka-ailaka zrI samyaktvasAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-digambara jaina yuvaka saMgha, indaura, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1997 / 16. mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI sAhityArAdhanA evaM zodha sandarzikA (mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgara vAGmaya zodha yojanA), lekhaka - muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka - AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, sarasvatI bhavana, seThajI ke nasiyA~, byAvara - 305 901, ajamera, rAjasthAna, tRtIyAvRtti - 1997, pRSTha - 4+50, mUlya - 15 rupe| 17. hindI sAhitya kI santa kAvya-paramparA ke pariprekSya meM AcArya vidyAsAgara ke kRtitva kA anuzIlana (avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA se 1993 meM pIeca. DI. hetu svIkRta zodha prabandha), lekhaka-DaoN. bArelAla jaina, prakAzaka-kalyANamala jhA~jharI, zrI nirgrantha sAhitya prakAzana samiti, pI-4, kalAkAra sTrITa, kolakAtA- 700 007, pazcima baMgAla, phona-(033)22748879, 22746049, prathama AvRtti-1998, pRSTha-22+254, mUlya-45 rupe| 18. sadalagA ke santa (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI divya jIvana-yAtrA kA 767 padyoM meM 1997 taka kA kAvyamaya varNana), racayitA-kavi lAlacandra jaina rAkeza', prakAzaka-zrI digambara jaina munisaMgha cAturmAsa sevA samiti, bhagavAn mahAvIra vihAra, gaMjabAsaudA-464 221, vidizA, madhyapradeza, prathama saMskaraNa- 1998, pRSTha 32+204+pAribhASika zabdAvalI - 34, mUlya-50 rupe| 19. vidyAsAgara kI cetana kRti (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI dvArA dIkSita ziSyoM kA sacitra paricaya), prakAzaka - siMghaI jayakumAra jaina, siMghaI prinTarsa, sadara bAjAra, maNDalA, madhyapradeza, prAptisthAna-zrI padmAvatI oNphaseTa
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________________ 530 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA evaM paikejiMga iNDasTrIja, aNDarabrija roDa, madanamahala thAne ke pAsa, jabalapura-482 002, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1998, pRSTha-212, mUlya-311 rupe| 20. bhakti prasUna (kavitA saMgraha), racayitA-aruNa kumAra jaina, variSTha iMjIniyara-relve, sI-12/epha, candrazekhara pura relve kaoNlonI, bhuvanezvara-751 023, ur3IsA, prakAzaka-divAkIrti zikSA evaM kalyANa samiti, lalitapura284 403, uttarapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1998 , mUlya-21 rupae / paramapUjya santaziromaNi AcArya zrI 108 vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja sasaMgha paricaya evaM AhAradAna vidhi, saMkalana-rameza ToMgyA Adi, prakAzaka-sugana grAphiksa, siTI plAjA, mahAtmA gA~dhI mArga, indaura 452001, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1999, pRSTha-64, mUlya-15 rupe| 22. mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgara granthAvalI parizIlana (muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja ke sasaMgha sAnnidhya meM sIkara, rAjasthAna meM 1998 meM sampanna akhila bhAratIya vidvat saMgoSThI - SaSTha, 27 se 30 sitambara, 1998 taka Ayojita saMgoSThI meM paThita AlekhoM meM se 69 AlekhoM kA saMkalana), sampAdaka-DaoN. ramezacandra jaina evaM sAthIgaNa, prakAzaka-AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, byAvara, ajamera, rAjasthAna evaM bhagavAn RSabhadeva granthamAlA, zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera-303 902, jayapura, rAjasthAna, phona(0141) 2730390, prathama AvRtti-1999, pRSTha-694, mUlya-150 rupe| prANimAtra ke lie kAvyapatra (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke vyaktitva, kartRtva evaM unake 'mAMsa niryAta nirodha abhiyAna' ko kendrita kara kAvyamaya patra Alekhana), lekhaka - DaoN. zarada kumAra mizra, sahAyaka prAdhyApakahindI vibhAga, paM. zambhUnAtha zukla zAsakIya snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, zahaDola - 484 001, madhyapradeza, prakAzaka- jJAnodaya vidyApITha, vidyAsAgara insTITayUTa oNpha mainejameNTa, ballabhanagara, bI. eca. I. ela., bhopAla - 462 021, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1999, pRSTha-68, mUlya-15 rupe| 24. vIra nikalaMka (mAsika, smArikA-indaura cAturmAsa-1999 kI ) sampAdaka-rameza jaina kAsalIvAla, 24/ 5, pArasI mohallA, indaura-452 001, madhyapradeza, phona-(0731)2309695, 2000, pRSTha-225, mUlya-100 rupe| jaina darzana aura muni vidyAsAgara (DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara, madhyapradeza se pIeca.DI. hetu 1993 meM svIkRta evaM nAma parivartana kara prakAzita zodha prabandha), lekhikA-DaoN. (zrImatI) kiraNa jaina, prakAzaka-Aditya pablizarsa, jogezvarI mAtA kAmpleksa, pAThaka vArDa,bInA-470 113, sAgara, madhyapradeza, phona-(07580)220644 (ni.), 221372 (kA.) , prathamAvRtti-2001, pRSTha-14+378, mUlya- 450 rupe| sallekhanA : samatva kI sAdhanA (paM. darabArI lAla jaina koThiyA ke sallekhanApUrvaka samAdhimaraNa ke prasaMga para AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke dvArA pradatta udbodhanoM kA saMkalana evaM anya sAmagrI), saMkalana-muni zrI ajitasAgarajI mahArAja, sampAdaka-sureza jaina (AI. e. esa.), prakAzaka-svargIyA zrImatI lakSmIbAI pAramArthika phaNDa, bInA iTAvA- 470 113, sAgara, madhyapradeza, prAptisthAna-vibhava kumAra jaina koThiyA, bInA iTAvA-470 113, sAgara, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-2002, pRSTha-104 / 27. jinabhASita (mAsika, julAI-2002 evaM julAI-2003), sampAdaka-prophesara DaoN. ratanacandra jaina, e-2, 'mAnasarovara', zAhapurA, bhopAla-462 039, madhyapradeza, phon-(0755)2424666| 28. navabhArata (dainika, 17-11-2002 evaM 22-11-2002), sampAdaka-3, indirA presa kAmpleksa, rAmagopAla 6.
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________________ 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 1. 2. 3. mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 531 mAhezvarI mArga, ema. pI. nagara, bhopAla, madhyapradeza | inDiyA TuDe (sAptAhika, hindI - 27 navambara, 2002, a~grejI- 25-11-2002), sampAdaka - liviMga mIDiyA iNDiyA limiTeDa, epha-14/15, kanaoNTa plesa, naI dillI- 110001, phona - (011) 23315801 se 804 mAnatuMga puSpa (sAptAhika, 25 se 31 akTUbara, 2004), sampAdaka - subhASacandra gaMgavAla, 174- ema. TI. klAtha mArkeTa, dUsarA mAlA, indaura - 452002, madhyapradeza, phona - (0731) 2459130 (du.), 2469735(ni.)| jaina mitra (sAptAhika - 14 akTUbara, 2004), sampAdaka - zaileSa DAhyAbhAI kApaDiyA, jaina vijaya priMTiMga presa, khapATiyA cakalA, gA~dhI cauka, sUrata - 395003, gujarAta, phona - (0261) 2427621, mo. 9374724727 / navabhArata (dainika, 28 akTUbara, 2004), sampAdaka - purAne basa sTeNDa ke pAsa, nepiyara TAUna, jabalapura482 002, madhyapradeza, phona - (0761) 5005111 / zrI jinendra varNI smaraNAMjali, sampAdaka- DaoN. sAgaramala jaina evaM anya, prakAzaka - bra. arahanta kumAra jaina, zrI jinendra varNI granthamAlA, 58/4, jaina sTrITa, pAnIpata - 132103, hariyANA, phona - (0180) 2638655, mo. 94162 - 21237, dvitIya saMskaraNa - 2004, pRSTha- 12+190, mUlya 80 rupae / amRta vANI ( santoM kI vANiyoM kA saMkalana ) - saMkalana evaM sampAdana-parAgapuSpa, prakAzaka - DAyanemika pablikezansa (i.) li., dvArA - Ara. ke. rastogI, kRSNa prakAzana mIDiyA (prA.) li., 11 - zivAjI roDa, meraTha- 250001, uttarapradeza, mUlya - 50 rupae / vandanA ke svaroM meM, racayitA ailaka zrI samyaktvasAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka - zrIpAla jaina 'divA', zAkAhAra sadana, ela-75, kesara kuMja, harSavardhana nagara, bhopAla, madhyapradeza / (ga) AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI dvArA sRjita pramukha racanAe~ muni vidyAsAgarajI ne muni dIkSA grahaNa karane se pahale hI brahmacArI vidyAdhara kI avasthA meM AcArya zrI mANikyanandI kRta sUtragrantha 'parIkSAmukha' para AcArya zrI anantavIrya laghu dvArA saMskRta bhASA meM racita nyAyaviSayaka TIkAgrantha 'prameyaratnamAlA' kI paM. hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI dvArA sampAdita-anuvAdita 'cintAmaNi' nAmaka hindI vyAkhyA / kArikAoM ko 24 apraila 1968 se likhanA prArambha kara diyA thA / nasIrAbAda, ajamera, rAjasthAna se prArambha huA yaha lekhana kArya kramaza: mora, maNDA, dAdiyA Adi grAmoM meM 2 sitambara 1968 ko dvitIya samuddezya ke gyArahaveM sUtra taka upalabdha huA / AptaparIkSA kA kannar3a anuvAda - AcArya zrI vidyAnanda svAmI kRta nyAyaviSayaka grantha 'Apta-parIkSA' kA unhIM kI svopajJa saMskRta vRtti sahita kA kannar3a anuvAda munirAja zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne ajamera se kizanagar3harainavAla, jayapura, rAjasthAna kI ora vihAra kAla ke daurAna grAma phulerA meM 28 apraila 1970 se pUrva hI prArambha kiyaa| yaha adyAvadhi aprakAzita hai| paMcAstikAya (saMskRta), AcArya zrI kundakunda deva viracita 'paMcAstikAya' granthagata 181 prAkRta gAthAoM kA madanagaMja-kizanagar3ha, ajamera, rAjasthAna meM 1971 meM saMskRta bhASA meM anuvAda 'vasantatilakA chanda meM apUrNa upalabdha evaM aprakAzita / 1
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________________ 532 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA jambU svAmI caritra-AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja ke samAdhimaraNoparAnta hindI meM antima anubaddha kevalI zrI jambUsvAmI kA jIvana caritra Alekhana prArambha / kintu Adhe likhe jAne ke uparAnta prati guma jAne se apUrNa evaM aprApya / aMgrejI racanAe~ - ajamera, rAjasthAna meM likhita aMgrejI kavitAe~--My Self (mudrita), My Saint, My Ego-(anupalabdha) paMcAstikAya (hindI padyAnuvAda) - prAkRta 'paMcAstikAya' grantha kA hindI vasantatilakA' chanda meM padyAnuvAda kuNDalapura, damoha, madhyapradeza se madanagaMja-kizanagar3ha, ajamera, rAjasthAna ke lie 28-04-1978 ko vihAra kAla ke daurAna anuvAda prArambha / adyAvadhi anupalabdha evaM aprakAzita / vijjANuvekkhA (prAkRta), 1979 ke thUbauna, gunA, madhyapradeza ke varSAyoga kAla meM sRjita prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha vidyAnuprekSA' kI 8 gAthAe~ hI upalabdha ho pAI haiN| bhAvanAzatakam (tIrthaMkara aise bane), [DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara, madhyapradeza ke ema. e.saMskRta ke pAThyakrama meM svIkRta racanA] racayitA-AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja, saMskRta TIkAkAra-paM. DaoN. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, prakAzaka-mantrI, nirgrantha sAhitya prakAzana samiti, prAptisthAna-jaina sUcanA kendra, 10-e, citapura spara, kolakAtA-700 007, pazcima baMgAla, prathamAvRtti-1979, pRSTha-12+68, mUlya-3 rupe| gomaTesa-thudi ('gomaTeza aSTaka' kA AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kRta padyAnuvAda evaM DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAgendu' dvArA 'gomaTesa thudi' kI saMskRta chAyA, hindI artha evaM prastAvanA Adi, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara, madhyapradeza ke ema. e.- saMskRta pAThyakrama meM svIkRta kRti) prakAzaka - zrI bhAgacandra iToriyA sArvajanika nyAsa, sTezana roDa, damoha-470 661, madhyapradeza, dvitIya saMskaraNa-1982, pRSTha-12, mUlya-1.50 rupe| 10. jinendra stuti-AcArya pAtrakesarI ke pAtrakesarI-stotram' saMskRta grantha kA padyAnuvAda 50 hindI 'jJAnodaya' chandoM meM do dohoM sahita siddhakSetra nainAgirijI, chatarapura, madhyapradeza meM 24 julAI 1982 ko pUrNa / aprakAzita / jJAna kA vidyA-sAgara (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI dvArA sRjita 12 granthoM ke padyAnuvAdoM kA saMkalana), prakAzaka-zrImatI ramA jaina, dharmapatnI lAlA nemacanda jaina, purAnAgaMja, sikandarAbAda, bulandazahara, uttarapradeza, prathama saMskaraNa-1983, pRSTha -384 / / baMgalA kavitAe~ - IsarI, giriDIha, jhArakhaNDa ke pravAsakAla meM san 1983 meM likhita 3 baMgalA kvitaaeN| 13. dohA dohana - vibhinna granthoM ke padyAnuvAdoM ke sAtha atirikta likhita 137 dohoM kA 1984 meM prakAzita saMgraha kA rajakaNa prakAzana, Ananda laoNja, TIkamagar3ha, madhyapradeza se 1986 meM prakAzita dvitIya saMskaraNa, pRSTha-26, mUlya-2 rupe| vidyA vANI (khuraI meM 1985 meM pradatta pravacana evaM anya pravacana saMgraha), saMkalaka- vinodakumAra jaina, patrakAra sAhitya saciva evaM koSAdhyakSa-zrI vIra sevA dala, maMgala dhAma, khuraI, sAgara, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1986, pRSTha-42, mUlya-5 rupe| 15. caraNa AcaraNa kI ora (IsarI, jhArakhaNDa meM pradatta udbodhana), prakAzaka- zramaNa bhAratI, mainapurI, prAptisthAna - DaoN. suzIla kumAra jaina, jaina klInika, siTI posTa Aphisa ke sAmane, mainapurI-205 001, uttarapradeza,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 533 21. phona-(05672) 234302, mo. 98371-10220, prathamAvRtti-1986, pRSTha-18 / terA so eka (13 pravacana saMgraha), rajakaNa prakAzana, Ananda laoNja, TIkamagar3ha-472 001, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1986, pRSTha-4 +72 / akiMcitkara (Asava-bandha ke kSetra meM mithyAtva ke akiMcitkara viSayaka 16 va 26 jUna eva 6 agasta, '86 ko pradatta saiddhAntika pravacana), prakAzaka- jJAnodaya prakAzana, pisanahArI mar3hiyA, jabalapura-482 003, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti- 22 navambara, 1987, pRSTha-16+74, mUlya-4 rupe| kundakunda kA kundana (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke padyAnuvAdoM meM se cayanita pada saMgraha), saMkalana-DaoN. jinendrakumAra jaina, prakAzaka- AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara zodha saMsthAna, pisanahArI kI mar3hiyA, jabalapura-482 003, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1988, pRSTha-68, mUlya-3 rupe| cetanA ke gaharAva meM (sacitra pratinidhi kAvya saMgraha), ['DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI' kAvya saMgraha se 20, 'totA kyoM rotA ?' kAvya saMgraha se 36 evaM nUtana/anya 21 kavitAoM sahita 5 khaNDoM meM prakAzita prakAzaka-jJAnodaya prakAzana, pisanahArI mar3hiyA, jabalapura-482 003, madhyapradeza se prakAzita rAja saMskaraNa1988, pRSTha-6+92, mUlya-60 rupe| kannar3a kavitAe~ - pisanahArI mar3hiyA, jabalapura, madhyapradeza meM dvitIya cAturmAsa 1988 ke daurAna kannar3a meM likhita 4 kvitaaeN| satya kI chA~va meM - jJAnodaya prakAzana, pisanahArI kI mar3hiyA, jabalapura-482 003, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1988, pRSTha - 32, mUlya-2 rupe| digambara jaina atizaya kSetra antarikSa pArzvanAthajI, zirapura, vAzima, mahArASTra ke sambandha meM AcArya zrI madanakIrti kRta 'zAsana-catustriMzikA' ke padya kA anuvAda, 1990 / samAgama (pravacana saMgraha), sampAdaka-muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-bhagavAn RSabhadeva granthamAlA, zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera-303 902, jayapura, rAjasthAna, phona-(0141) 2730390, prathamAvRtti-1991, pRSTha-101, mUlya-15 rupe| vidyA kAvya bhAratI (6 hindI zataka evaM zAradA stuti kA saMkalana), prakAzaka-zrI vidyAsAgara zikSA samiti, kaTaMgI, jabalapura, madhyapradeza, dvitIya AvRtti-1991, pRSTha-112, mUlya-10 rupe| pravacanAmRta (phirojAbAda, uttarapradeza, 1975 ke pravacana saMgraha, bhAga-3), prakAzaka-jJAnodaya prakAzana, pisanahArI mar3hiyA, jabalapura-482 003, madhyapradeza, saMskaraNa-1991, pRSTha-12+25 / paJcazatI (saMskRta meM racita 5 zataka, inhIM meM se 3 zatakoM kA anvayArtha, inhIM pA~coM zatakoM kA padyAnuvAda AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI dvArA evaM DaoN. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya dvArA ina zatakoM para likhita saMskRta TIkA evaM hindI artha), prakAzaka-ajita prasAda jaina, 4141-AryapurA, purAnI sabjImaNDI, dillI-110 006, phona-(011)23829123, prathamAvRtti-1991, pRSTha-16+352 / / dhIvara kI dhI (pravacana), prakAzaka - dulIcanda devarAja kumbhAre parivAra, khAparakher3A , nAgapura, mahArASTra, prAptisthAna-jJAnodaya prakAzana, pisanahArI kI mar3hiyA, jabalapura-482 003, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1992, pRsstth-32| sIpa ke motI (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI sUktiyoM kA saMcayana), prakAzaka-jJAnodaya navayuvaka sabhA, lArDagaMja jaina mandira, jabalapura-482 002, madhyapradeza, prathama saMskaraNa-1993, pRSTha-32, mUlya-2 rupe| 25. 27. 28.
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________________ 534 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 29. pravacana surabhi (ajamera meM 1974 kI cAturmAsAvadhi meM pradatta pravacanoM kA sAra), saMkalaka-kamalakumAra jaina, ajamera, prakAzaka-vimalacandra jaina, 259- zrImantam, Adarza nagara, nyU baiMka kaoNlonI, ajamera roDa, byAvara, ajamera, rAjasthAna, prathama-saMskaraNa-1993, pRSTha-24+362, mUlya-25 rupe| 30. pravacana parva (siddhakSetra ahArajI meM 1985 meM dazalakSaNa parva para pradatta pravacana saMkalana), prakAzaka-zrI munisaMgha sAhitya prakAzana samiti, santoSakumAra jayakumAra jaina baiTarIvAle, kaTarA bAjAra, sAgara-470 002, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1993, pRSTha-130, mUlya-10 rupe| 31. pravacana pIyUSa (phirojAbAda, uttarapradeza meM 1975 ke pravAsa para pradatta pravacana saMgraha, pravacanAmRta-do bhAgoM kA saMkalana), prakAzana sampreraka-AryikA zrI dRr3hamatIjI sasaMgha, prakAzaka-zrI digambara jaina munisaMgha cAturmAsa samiti, bhagavAn mahAvIra vihAra, gaMjabAsaudA, vidizA, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1993, pRSTha-8+92, mUlya-15 rupe| 32. kara viveka se kAma (rAmaTeka, mahArASTra meM 29-8-1993 ko bhagavAn zAntinAtha ke mahAmastakAbhiSeka ke prasaMga para pradatta eka pravacana), sampAdana-muni zrI samatAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-sI. ema. TeksaTAilsa, 2-asembalI lena, dAdI seTha agyArI roDa, mumbaI-400 002, mahArASTra, prathamAvRtti-1993, pRsstth-16|| sarvodaya aSTaka - sarvodaya tIrtha amarakaNTaka, anUpapura, madhyapradeza meM prathama pravAsakAla ke daurAna 1994 meM 'sarvodaya zataka' ke sAtha sRjita / 34. sarvodaya sAra (sarvodaya tIrtha, amarakaNTaka meM 1994 meM pradatta 24 pravacanoM kA sAra-saMkSepa), saMkalaka vedacandra jaina, patrakAra, peNDrAroDa, chattIsagar3ha, prakAzaka-zrI digambara jaina sarvodaya tIrtha amarakaNTaka kameTI, amarakaNTaka, anUpapura, madhyapradeza, pa.thamAvRtti-1994, pRSTha-7+57 / / 35. stuti saurabha, (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI dvArA racita pA~ca zataka Adi aneka racanAoM kA saMkalana), prakAzana preraka-AryikA zrI dRr3hamatIjI sasaMgha, prakAzaka evaM prAptisthAna-digambara jaina samAja revAr3I, zrI digambara jaina mandira kuA~vAlA, jainapurI, revAr3I- 123 401, hariyANA, prathama saMskaraNa-1994, pRSTha-22 +344, mUlya-35 rupe| sAgara bUMda samAya (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke 1245 vicAra sUtroM evaM 156 dohoM kA saMgraha), saMkalanasaMyojana-muni zrI samatAsAgarajI mahArAja, prAptisthala-siMghaI mahezakumAra ajitakumAra jaina, siMghaI bradarsa, raghunAtha gaMja, kaTanI-483 001, madhyapradeza, dvitIya AvRtti-1995, pRSTha-14+168 / eka paricaya : mauna sAdhaka kA (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kA paricaya evaM unakI kucha racanAoM kA saMkalana) saMkalana-muni zrI sukhasAgarajI mahArAja, sampAdaka-manISa jaina modI, prakAzaka-hinda yuvA maMca, 927gaMjIpurA cauka, jabalapura-482 002, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1995, pRSTha-5+47 / sAgara manthana (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke 66 pravacana evaM 87 dohoM kA saMkalana), prakAzana-sampreraka- AryikA zrI dRr3hamatIjI sasaMgha, prakAzaka-zrImatI puSpAdevI subhASacandra sarrApha, jaina galI, hisAra, hariyANA, prathamAvRtti-1995, pRSTha-20+360 / 39. samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara (cAra khaNDa) - [AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke vAGmaya kA saMgraha] prathama khaNDa : [maulika saMskRta racanAe~, anvaya, unhIM granthoM ke padyAnuvAda evaM DaoN. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya kRta hindI artha] 1. zramaNazatakam (saMskRta), 2. zramaNazataka (hindI), 3. bhAvanAzatakam (saMskRta), 4. bhAvanAzataka (hindI), 5. niraJjana-zatakam (saMskRta), 6. niraMjanazataka (hindI), 7. parISahajayazatakam
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 535 (saMskRta), 8. parISayahajayazataka (hindI), 9. sunItizatakam (saMskRta), 10. sunItizataka (hindI), 11. zAradAstutiriyam (saMskRta), 12. zAradAstuti (hindii)| kula 12 racanAe~, pRSTha 8+520 / dvitIya khaNDa : [jaina AcAryoM dvArA sRjita prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha granthoM kA hindI bhAvAnuvAda] 1. jaina gItA - ('samaNasuttaM' kA padyAnuvAda), 2. kundakunda kA kundana ('samayasAra' kA padyAnuvAda), 3. nijAmRta pAna [kalazAgIta] ('samayasAra-kalaza' kA padyAnuvAda), 4. dravya-saMgraha ('vasantatilakA' chanda evaM jJAnodaya' chanda meM pRthak-pRthak padyAnuvAda), 5. aSTapAhur3a, 6. niyamasAra, 7. dvAdazAnuprekSA, 8. samantabhadra kI bhadratA ('svayambhU-stotra' kA padyAnuvAda), 9. guNodaya ('AtmAnuzAsana' kA padyAnuvAda), 10. rayaNamaMjUSA ('ratnakaraNDaka-zrAvakAcAra' kA padyAnuvAda), 11. AptamImAMsA ('devAgama-stotra' kA padyAnuvAda), 12. iSTopadeza ('vasantatilakA' chanda evaM jJAnodaya' chanda meM pRthakpRthak padyAnuvAda), 13. gommaTesa-thudi ('gommaTeza aSTaka' kA padyAnuvAda), 14. kalyANamandirastotra, 15. nandIzvara-bhakti, 16. samAdhi-sudhA-zatakam ('samAdhitantra' kA padyAnuvAda), 17. yogasAra, 18. ekIbhAva-stotra / kula 20 racanAe~, pRSTha 10+638 / tRtIya khaNDa : [maulika kAvya saMgraha, zataka, AcArya paramparA stavana evaM bhakti-gIta] 1. narmadA kA narama kaMkara, 2. DUbo mata,lagAo DubakI, 3. totA kyoM rotA ?, 4. nijAnubhava-zataka, 5. muktaka-zataka, 6. stuti-zataka, 8. sarvodaya-zataka, 9. AcArya zrI zAntisAgarajI stuti, 10. AcArya zrI vIrasAgarajI stuti, 11. AcArya zrI zivasAgarajI stuti, 12. AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI stuti, 13. bhakti gIta --(ka) aba maiM mama mandira meM rahU~gA, (kha) parabhAva tyAga tU bana zIghra digambara, (ga) mokSa-lalanA ko jiyA ! kaba baregA ? (gha) bhaTakana taba taka bhava meM jArI, (Ga) bananA cAhatA yadi zivAMganA pati, (ca) cetana nija ko jAna jarA, (cha) samakita lAbha, (ja) My Self / kula 13 racanAe~, pRSTha 6+466 / caturtha khaNDa : [samaya-samaya para prakAzita pravacana-saMgrahoM ke saMkalana rUpa pravacanAvalI]ka. pravacanAmRta - samIcIna dharma, nirmala dRSTi, vinayAvanati, suzIlatA, nirantara jJAnopayoga, saMvega, tyAgavRtti, sat-tapa, sAdhu-samAdhi sudhA-sAdhana, vaiyAvRtya, arhat bhakti, AcArya stuti, zikSAguru stuti, bhagavad bhAratI bhakti, vimala Avazyaka, dharma prabhAvanA, vAtsalya / (kula 17 prvcn)| kha. guru vANI - Ananda kA srota - AtmAnuzAsana, brahmacarya - cetana kA bhoga, nijAtmaramaNa hI ahiMsA hai, AtmalInatA hI dhyAna, mUrta se amUrta, AtmAnubhUti hI samayasAra, parigraha, acaurya / (kula 8 prvcn)| ga. pravacana pArijAta - jIva-ajIva tattva, Asrava tattva, bandha tattva, saMvara tattva, nirjarA, mokSa tattva, anekAnta / (kula sAta prvcn)| gha. pravacana paMcAmata- janma : AtmakalyANa kA avasara. tapa : Atma-zodhana kA vijJAna, jJAna : Atmaupalabdhi kA sopAna, jJAna kalyANaka, mokSa : saMsAra ke pAra / (kula pA~ca prvcn)| Ga. pravacana pradIpa - samAdhidivasa : AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI, rakSAbandhana, darzana-pradarzana, vyAmoha kI parAkASThA, Adarza sambandha, AtmAnuzAsana, antima samAdhAna, jJAna aura anubhUti, samIcIna sAdhanA, maanvtaa| (kula dasa prvcn)| ca. pravacana parva - parva : pUrva bhUmikA, uttama kSamA, uttama mArdava, uttama Arjava, uttama zauca, uttama satya, uttama saMyama, uttama tapa, uttama tyAga, uttama AkiMcanya, uttama brahmacarya evaM pAribhASika zabdakoSa / (kula 11 pravacana evaM pAribhASika shbdkosh)|
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________________ 536 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA cha. pAvana pravacana dharma : Atma - utthAna kA vijJAna, antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra, parama puruSa - bhagavAna hanumAna (kula 3 pravacana) / . pravacana prameya - ( kula 10 pravacana ) / jha. pravacanikA - prArambha, zreSTha saMskAra, janma-maraNa se pare, samatva kI sAdhanA, dharma dezanA, niSThA se pratiSThA / (kula 6 prvcn)| pRSTha 6+618 / samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara ( 4 khaNDa) : prakAzana sampreraka- muni zrI kSamAsAgarajI mahArAja sasaMgha, prakAzaka-samagra prakAzana, santoSakumAra jayakumAra jaina baiTarI vAle, kaTarA bAjAra, sAgara 470002, madhyapradeza, phona - (07582) 244475, 243755, mo. 94258- 909219, prathama saMskaraNa - 1996, mUlya - 300 rupae / mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgara granthAvalI (4 khaNDa) : (cAroM khaNDoM kA paricayAtmaka vivaraNa uparyuktavat) prakAzana sampreraka- muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja sasaMgha, prakAzaka- AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, seThajI kI nasiyA, byAvara - 305901, ajamera, rAjasthAna evaM zrI digambara jaina mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera303 902, jayapura, rAjasthAna, phona - (0141) 2730390, 2730552, 5177300, prathama saMskaraNa - 1996, prathama khaNDa-pRSTha- 32+528, mUlya 85 rupae, dvitIya khaNDa - 32+682, mUlya - 100 rupae, tRtIya khaNDa-32+488, mUlya-85 rupae, caturtha khaNDa - 32 + 618, mUlya - 100 rupae / vizvodaya ('sAgara bU~da samAya' kA laghurUpa sUkti saMkalana ), sampAdikA suzrI prIti jaina, prAptisthAnaprakAzacandra dIpacandra jaina luhAr3iyA, rAdhAkizanapurA vAle, 1 ka- 23, hAusiMga borDa, zAstrI nagara, jayapura, rAjasthAna, prathamAvRtti - 1996, pRsstth-6+34| kauna kahA~ taka sAtha degA ( pravacana saMgrahoM meM se cayanita 101 dRSTAnta saMgraha), saMkalaka-jayakumAra jaina, hisAra, prakAzaka-vIra vidyA saMgha - gujarAta, zAntinAtha digambara jaina mandira, sAbaramatI, ahamadAbAda, gujarAta, prathamAvRtti - 1996, pRSTha- 8+120, mUlya 12 rupae / pAvana zilpI (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kA vyaktitva evaM kRtiyoM kA saMkalana), prakAzana sampreraka- AryikA zrI dRr3hamatIjI sasaMgha, prakAzaka - trilokacanda pavanakumAra jaina, bar3atalA yAdagAra, sahAranapura - 247001, uttarapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1996, pRSTha-92 / pravacanikA (sAgara, madhyapradeza meM 1993 meM sampanna paMcakalyANaka evaM gajaratha mahotsava ke prasaMga para pradatta pravacana saMgraha), prakAzaka- zrI munisaMgha svAgata samiti, santoSakumAra jayakumAra jaina baiTarIvAle, kaTarA bAjAra, sAgara-470 002, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti - 1996, pRSTha-26 / svarUpa sambodhana - AcArya akalaMkadeva kRta 'svarUpa- sambodhanam' (saMskRta) kA 25 hindI padyoM meM bhAvAnuvAda / 1996, aprakAzita / zabda - zabda vidyA kA sAgara ('narmadA kA narama kaMkara', 'DUbo mata lagAo DubakI', 'totA kyoM rotA ?' saMgrahoM kA samanvita prakAzana), prakAzana sampreraka- AryikA zrI dRDhamatIjI sasaMgha, prakAzaka- vijayakumAra jaina, lakSmI prisijana skrUja limiTeDa, hisAra roDa, rohataka- 124001, hariyANA, phona - (01262)242524, 242520 (ni.), 248098, 248790, mo. 98101-72079, dvitIyAvRtti - 1996, pRSTha- 4+290 / hAikU kavitAe~ - zrI vighnahara pArzvanAtha digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mahuA, sUrata, gujarAta meM 1996 se pAnI kavitA zailI meM hAikU lekhana prArambha hokara abhI taka tIna sau se bhI adhika hAikU Alekhita / 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. - -
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________________ 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 537 dohA zataka saMgraha (aneka zatakoM evaM racanAoM kA saMkalana), prakAzaka- ke. esa. gArameNTsa, 25 - khajUrI bAjAra, indaura-452 002, madhyapradeza, phona - (0731) 2535953, prathamAvRtti - 1997, pRSTha- 116 / stuti maMjUSA (AcArya vidyAsAgara dvArA likhita pAMca zatakoM Adi kA saMkalana), saMkalana evaM sampAdanaAryikA zrI vizAlamatIjI, prAptisthAna - zrI digambara jaina pArzvanAtha atizaya kSetra kameTI, bijauliyA311 602, bhIlavAr3A, rAjasthAna, prathama AvRtti - 1997, pRSTha- 208 / siddhodaya sAra (siddhodaya tIrtha, nemAvara, devAsa, madhyapradeza ke pravAsa para 1997 meM pradatta 38 pravacanoM kA sAra-saMgraha), saMkalana- ailaka zrI namrasAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka- anila kumAra jaina, bAmbe - sAgara roDaveja, kveTA kaoNlonI, nAgapura - 440002, mahArASTra, phona - (0712) 2771491, 2770085, prathamAvRtti1998, pRSTha-10+134, mUlya - 10 vyaktiyoM ko zAkAhArI banAnA / AdarzoM ke Adarza (10 pravacanoM kA saMgraha), sampAdaka - - muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-bhagavAn RSabhadeva granthamAlA, zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera - 303902, jayapura, rAjasthAna, phona - (0141)2730390, prathamAvRtti - 1999, pRSTha 4+116, mUlya 20 rupae / ahiMsA kA sUtra (pravacanAMza), saMkalana - muni zrI ajitasAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka - zrImatI mInA anila kumAra jaina, bAmbe sAgara roDaveja, kveTA kaoNlonI, nAgapura, mahArASTra dvitIyAvRtti - 1999, pRSTha - 36 / vidyA- kathA - kuMja ( mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgara granthAvalI, bhAga-cAra para AdhArita 63 naitika zikSAprada kahAniyA~), prakAzana sampreraka - muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja, saMkalaka - DaoN. kastUracandra jaina 'sumana', prakAzaka - zrI digambara jaina sAhitya saMskRti saMrakSaNa samiti, DI - 302, viveka vihAra, dillI- 110 095, prathamAvRtti - 2000, pRSTha- 12+70, mUlya - 15 rupae / tapovana dezanA (gujarAta pravAsa - 1996 para pradatta 24 pravacanoM kA saMgraha), saMkalaka - ailaka zrI nirbhayasAgarajI mahArAja, sahayogI-ailaka zrI prajJAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka - zrI sakala digambara jaina samAja khA~dU kaoNlonI, bA~savAr3A, rAjasthAna, prAptisthAna - cetaka selsa kArporezana, 107 - kAmarziyala eriyA, bA~savAr3A, rAjasthAna, phona - (02962)241661, prathamAvRtti - 2000, pRSTha-6+86 / kuNDalapura dezanA (kuNDalapura - 1995 evaM nemAvara - 1997 meM pradatta pravacana - sAra saMgraha ), sampAdana- ailaka zrI nizcayasAgarajI mahArAja, prAptisthAna - zrI digambara jaina atizaya - siddhakSetra kuNDalapura, damoha, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti - 2001, pRSTha- 16+120, mUlya 15 rupae / pravacanasAra ('pravacanasAra' grantha kA bhAvAnuvAda), padyAnuvAdaka- AcArya vidyAsAgara, prakAzaka- cakreza jaina, cakreza kirAnA sTorsa, itavArI bAjAra, chindavAr3A - 480001, madhyapradeza, phona - (07162) 224206, prathamAvRtti - 2001, pRSTha- 5+105 / dharmadezanA (zrI digambara jaina siddhodaya siddha kSetra, nemAvara, devAsa, madhyapradeza meM dazalakSaNa parva, 1997 para pradatta pravacana saMgraha), prakAzaka- jJAnodaya prakAzana, pisanahArI kI mar3hiyA, jabalapura - 482003, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti - 2001, pRSTha- 136, mUlya - 20 rupae / Samana Suttam (Compiler-Jinendra Varni, Hindi Padyanuvad-Acharya Vidya Sagar) English Translator and Comantrator - Dasharathlal Jain, Pub.-Shri Digambar Jain Yuvak Sangh, Vidyasagar Nagar, Opp. Satyam Gas, Vijay Nagar, M.G. Road, Indore-452 010, Madhya Pradesh, Phone - (0731) 2570687, 2571851, 2570689, Mob. 98272-42453, First Edition
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________________ 538 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 59. 60. 2002, Page-78+374, Price-120/mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgara granthAvalI se sarvodaya Adi paMca zatakAvalI evaM AcArya stutisaroja saMgraha (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kRta sarvodaya zataka, pUrNodaya zataka, sUryodaya zataka, muktaka zataka, dohAdohana zataka evaM stuti-saroja kA saMcayana), prakAzana sampreraka-AryikA zrI mRdumatIjI sasaMgha, saMkalana-sampAdana-anila jaina, vidyodaya prakAzana, vijaya presa, lalitapura-284 003, uttarapradeza, phona(05176) 273945, prathamAvRtti-2003, pRSTha-20+92, mUlya-20 rupe| bhakti pAThAvalI (AcArya pUjyapAda svAmI dvArA racita bhaktiyoM kA mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgara kRta hindI padyAnuvAda)- prakAzana sampreraka- AryikA zrI mRdumatIjI sasaMgha, saMkalana-sampAdana-anila jaina, vidyodaya prakAzana, vijaya presa, lalitapura-284003, uttarapradeza, phona-(05176) 273945, prathamAvRtti-2003, pRSTha-20+44, muuly-15rupe| mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgara granthAvalI se jina stuti Adi sapta zatakAvalI (jinastutizataka, niraMjanazataka, bhAvanAzataka, zramaNazataka, parISahajayazataka, nijAnubhavazataka evaM sunItizataka), prakAzana sampreraka-AryikA zrI mRdumatIjI sasaMgha, saMkalana-sampAdana-anila jaina, vidyodaya prakAzana, vijaya presa, lalitapura-284 003, uttarapradeza, phona-(05176) 273945, prathamAvRtti-2003, pRSTha-20+156, mUlya-25 rupe| bhakti pATha (AcArya zrI pUjyapAda svAmI kRta 9 saMskRta bhaktiyoM kA AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kRta padyAnuvAda), prakAzaka-zrImatI puSpAdevI omaprakAza jaina, sAlU grupa, azvamegha apArTamenTsa, pArale pvAinTa, aThavA lAinsa, sUrata, gujarAta, phona-(0261) 2226098, 2226857, mo. 98792-21000, paMcama saMskaraNa-AcArya kundakunda dIkSA dvisahasrAbdi varSa sandabha, 2004, pRsstth-74| guru bhakti (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI dvArA sRjita racanAoM meM se cayanita padyoM kA saMkalana), prakAzana samprerakamuni zrI prazAntasAgarajI mahArAja sasaMgha, prakAzaka-sakala digambara jaina samAja, gunA, madhyapradeza, prAptisthAnapavana kumAra kaTharayA-adhyakSa-jaina samAja gunA, vidyAsAgara nagara, caudharI kaoNlonI, gunA-473001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07542)224936(ni.), 50119(du.), prathama AvRtti-2004, pRSTha4+84 / Pravachan-Parv (Preaching Paradise - English translation of Pravachan Parv- Preachings on Ten Dharmas) - Aacharya Vidyaasaagar, English Translation by - S. L. Jain, Flat-7/3, Nupur Kunj, E-3/185, Arera Colony, Bhopal - 462016 (M.P.),Ph. (0755)4293654, Mob. 94250-06804, Published by - Maitree Samooh, First Edition - April 2006, Page - 10+144, Price-40/Preaching Salvation (English translation of Pravachan Paarijaata - Preaching of Seven Tattavas)- Aacharya Vidyaasaagar, English Translation by - S. L. Jain, Flat - 7/3, Nupur Kunj, E-3/185, Arera Colony, Bhopal - 462016 (M.P.),Ph. (0755)4293654,Mob.9425006804, Published by- Maitree Samooh, First Edition- March 2007, Page - 16+108, Price50/pravacanAmRta (phirojAbAda, uttarapradeza, 1975 ke pravacana saMgraha, bhAga-2), prakAzaka-munisaMgha sAhitya prakAzana samiti, prAptisthAna-santoSakumAra jayakumAra jaina baiTarI vAle, kaTarA bAjAra, sAgara-470 002, madhyapradeza, pRSTha-8+44, mUlya-4 rupe| 65. P
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________________ 67. 68. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. mUkamATI-mImAMsA : : 539 cetana candrodaya - saMskRta meM likhita maulika zatAdhika padya / adyAvadhi aprakAzita / dhIvarodaya (saMskRta campUkAvya) - adyAvadhi aprakAzita / (gha) 'mUkamATI' para AdhArita grantha 'mUkamATI' (mahAkAvya), racayitA - AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka- bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 18- insTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI roDa, naI dillI - 110003, phona (011) 24626467, 24654196, 24656201, prathama saMskaraNa - 1988, mUlya 50 rupae, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa - 2004, pRSTha24+488, mUlya - 140 rupae / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke cayanita kAvyAMzoM para zrI azoka bhaMDArI, suputra zrI rAmagopAla bhaMDArI, jabalapura dvArA 110 bahuraMgI citra / peTiMga 1988 I. meM taiyAra kie gae, adyAvadhi aprakAzita / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA marAThI meM parizIlana, prA. sau. zrImatI lIlAvatI jaina, sampAdikA - 'dharma maMgala' (marAThI-hindI mAsika), 1 - salIla apArTamenTsa, plaoNTa naM 57, sAnevAr3I, auMdha, pUnA - 411 007, mahArASTra, phona - (020) 25887793 dvArA 'dharma maMgala' patrikA ke 16-1-89 se 16-2-91 ke aMkoM meM anuvAdAtmaka rasagrahaNa rUpa dhArAvAhika parizIlana / 'mUkamATI' kA marAThI rUpAntaraNa, anuvAdaka-manohara ga. mAravaDakara, 17-bI., 'svadharma', mahAvIra nagara, greTa nAga roDa, nAgapura - 440009, mahArASTra, 1990 I., aprakAzita / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya : kAvyazAstrIya nikaSa, lekhaka - pro. zIlacanda jaina, hindI vibhAga- Deniyalasana kaoNleja, chindavAr3A - 480001, madhyapradeza, prakAzaka - zrI digambara jaina samAja, chindavAr3A, madhyapradeza, prathama saMskaraNa-1991, pRSTha 4+144, mUlya 10 rupae / pratIka aura pratIka vijJAna ('pratIka vaijJAnika vizleSaNa' adhyAya ke antargata pR. 138-139 para 'mUkamATI' ke pratIkoM kA vizleSaNa), lekhaka - prophesara (DaoN.) vRSabhaprasAda jaina, nidezaka bhASA kendra, mahAtmA gA~dhI antararASTrIya vizvavidyAlaya, bI-1 / 23, sekTara- jI, jAnakIpuram, lakhanaU - 226 024, uttarapradeza, phona(0522)2732703 (ni.), 2761543 (kA.), prakAzaka - rAjakamala prakAzana prA. li., 1- bI, netAjI subhASa mArga, naI dillI - 110002, phona - (011) 23274463, 23266498, 23276379, prathama saMskaraNa - 1991, pRSTha- 158, mUlya 60 rupae / Mookmati ('mUkamATI' kA aMgrejI anuvAda), anuvAdaka - siMghaI sugamacanda jaina, svatantratA saMgrAma sainAnI, piNDaraI-481 668, maNDalA, madhyapradeza, dvArA - jayanta kumAra jaina, variSTha vyAkhyAtA-zAsakIya iMjIniyariMga mahAvidyAlaya-jabalapura, vihAna nivAsa, yAdava kaoNlonI, jabalapura - 482002, madhyapradeza, 1992 I., adyAvadhi aprakAzita / 'mUkamATI' : eka dArzanika mahAkRti ('rAmapuriyA puraskAra' evaM 'jejAnI TrasTa' puraskAra se puraskRta racanA), , DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara', prakAzaka - RSabha kumAra jejAnI, banavArIlAla vaMzIdhara jejAnI ceriTebala TrasTa, itavArI, nAgapura- 440002, mahArASTra, prathama AvRtti - 1992, pRSTha- 190, mUlya-15 rupae / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke pratIkoM kA vaijJAnika vizleSaNa (barakatullA vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla, madhyapradeza se 1990 meM ema.phila. hetu svIkRta laghu zodha prabandha), lekhaka - ramezacandra mizra, prAdhyApaka - hindI, sAdhu
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________________ 540 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA vAsavAnI DigrI kaoNleja, bairAgar3ha, bhopAla, madhyapradeza, prakAzaka- zakti prakAzana, 58- sultAniyA roDa, bhopAla, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti - 1992, pRSTha-64, mUlya-50 rupae / Acharya Vidyasagar's : Mookmati ( Mute - Mud ), Jaikishandas Sadani, Published by - Nirgrantha Sahitya Prakashan Samiti, P-4, Kalakar Street, Kolkata-700007, West Bengal, First Edition -1994, Page - 20. 'mUkamATI' : mukti kI maMgala yAtrA - muni zrI samatAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka- DaoN. candramohana pATanI, pATanI sadana, aspatAla roDa, vidizA - 464001, madhyapradeza, prathama saMskaraNa - mArca-1995, pRsstth-32| 'mUkamATI' : cetanA ke svara ( nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya, nAgapura, mahArASTra se DI. liT. ke lie 1988 meM svIkRta zodha-prabandha), lekhaka - DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara', pUrva vibhAgAdhyakSa-pAlI evaM prAkRta vibhAga, nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya, nAgapura, mahArASTra, prakAzaka - RSabhakumAra jejAnI, jejAnI ceriTebala TrasTa, purohita DAlaDA kampanI ke sAmane, ghATa roDa, nAgapura, mahArASTra, phona - (0712)2730015, 2762177 (du.), 2779045 (ni.), mo. 98231 - 16209, prathama AvRtti - 1995, pRSTha- 8 + 346, mUlya 50 rupae / AcArya kavi vidyAsAgara kA kAvya - vaibhava ('mUkamATI', 'narmadA kA narama kaMkara', 'totA kyoM rotA', 'cetanA ke gaharAva meM,' 'DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI' - -pA~ca kRtiyoM para samIkSAtmaka adhyayana), lekhaka- DaoN. zekharacandra jaina, pUrva prAcArya evaM hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa - zrImatI sadaguNA sI. yU. ArTsa kaoNleja, ahamadAbAda, prakAzaka - dayAcanda kAzIprasAda jaina, sukumAla nagara, dhanajI bhAI ke kuA~ ke pAsa, cA~dalor3iyA, ahamadAbAda382 481, gujarAta, prAptisthAna - zrI kunthusAgara grAphiksa senTara, 25 - ziromaNI baMgaloja, bar3odarA eksapresa hAive ke sAmane, sI. TI. ema. cAra rAstA ke pAsa, hAive, ahamadAbAda- 380026, gujarAta, phona - (079) 25850744, 2589177, prathama saMskaraNa - 1997, pRSTha- 10+108, mUlya 20 rupae / 'mUkamATI' (saMkSipta), sampAdaka - DaoN. azoka ke. zAha, rAjapIpalA, gujarAta, prakAzaka- paMkaja Ara. gA~dhI, pApyulara prakAzana, TAvara roDa, sUrata, gujarAta, prathama AvRtti - 1997, pRSTha 4+64, mUlya-10 rupe| 'mUkamATI' kA kannar3a rUpAntaraNa, anuvAdaka - eca. vhI. caudharI, dvArA -- e. vAya. iMcAla, ema.AI.jI. pharsTa, hAusa naM 58, huDako kaoNlonI, gadaga 582101, dhAravAr3a, karnATaka, 1998 I., aprakAzita / 'mUkamATI' kA saurabha ('mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM pratipAdita mAnava mUlya), saMkalana - DaoN. nIlama jaina, pradhAna sampAdikA-'jaina mahilAdarza,' lakhanaU, prakAzaka - zrI digambara sAhitya prakAzana samiti, jaina TreDarsa, jaina mandira ke sAmane, barelA, jabalapura, madhyapradeza, phona - (0761) 289487, 289483, prathama saMskaraNa1998, pRSTha-92, mUlya - 12 rupae / hindI sAhitya meM paryAvaraNIya cetanA (yU.jI.sI. ke rASTrIya seminAra meM paThita Alekha-saMkalana meM paryAvaraNa anucintana aura 'mUkamATI' Alekha, pRSTha 95 se 120 taka), sampAdaka - DaoN. vIrendra svarNakAra evaM DaoN. surendra kumAra jaina 'bhAratI', prakAzaka- sevA sadana mahAvidyAlaya, burahAnapura - 450 331, madhyapradeza, phona(07325) 254926, prathama AvRtti - 1999, mUlya - 200 rupae / saMvAdoM ke silasile - ( DaoN. santoSa tivArI dvArA likhita AlekhoM ke antargata 'mUkamATI' para 'vikAsa yAtrA kI nirantaratA : pada, patha aura pAtheya' samIkSAtmaka Alekha ), lekhaka - DaoN. santoSa kumAra tivArI, prakAzaka-amara prakAzana, paNDita kedAranAtha pacaurI bhavana, sadara bAjAra, mathurA - 281001, uttarapradeza, prathama saMskaraNa - 2000, mUlya - 150 rupae / 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 541 20. 19. 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA marAThI bhASA meM vyAkhyAtmaka anuzIlana, zrImatI vijayA avinAza saMgaI, aMjanagA~vasurjI - 444 705, amarAvatI, mahArASTra, phona-(07224)242079 dvArA 'sanmati' (marAThImAsika), bAhubalI vidyApITha, kumbhoja bAhubalI-413 110, kolhApura, mahArASTra, phona-(06186) 2484422 ke julAI se disambara, 2001 ke aMkoM meM 'mUkamATI' ke prathama khaNDa kA dhArAvAhika rUpa meM prkaashn| Aloka kathAe~ (jIvana ke utkarSa kI 98 kathAoM ke antargata 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI viSaya-vastu para kendrita 'dambhI kA sira nIcA' zIrSakagata 60 vIM kathA), lekhaka-padmazrI yazapAla jaina, prakAzaka-mantrIsastA sAhitya maNDala, ena-77, kanaoNTa sarkasa, naI dillI-110 001, phona-(011) 23310505, 51523565, dvitIya AvRtti-2001, pRSTha-116, mUlya-25 rupe| 21. The Silent Earth ('mUkamATI' kA aMgrejI rUpAntaraNa), anuvAdaka-lAlacanda jaina, pUrva adhyApaka-varNI jaina inTara kaoNleja, Aloka bhavana', 39- chatrasAlapurA, lalitapura-284403, uttarapradeza, phona-(05176) 272640, 273747, 2002 I., bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 18-insTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI roDa, naI dillI-110 003 se prkaashnaadhiin| 22. 'mUkamAtI' ('mUkamATI' kA marAThI rUpAntara), anuvAdaka-muni zrI samAdhisAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 18-insTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI roDa, naI dillI-110 003, prathama AvRtti 2002, pRSTha-32+488, mUlya-150 rupe| 23. 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke 64 cayanita kAvyAMzoM para rekhAcitrAMkana-citrakAra-prakAza mANikasA rAULa, zikSaka-sItAbAI saMgaI kanyA zAlA, saMgaI skUla ke sAmane, aMjanagA~va surjI-444 705, jilA-amarAvatI, mahArASTra, phona-(07224) 242962, 242079, 2004 I., meM taiyAra kie gae citra, 'mUkamATI-mImAMsA' (tIna khaNDa) meM prakAzita / 'mUkamATI' kA baMgalA rUpAntaraNa, anuvAdaka-bra. zAntikumAra jaina, terApanthI koThI, madhuvana-sammeda zikharajI, giriDIha, jhArakhaNDa, phona-(06528) 232228, 232222, 2005 I., aprakAzita / 25. Silent Soil (Mukamati) Author- Aacharya Vidyasagar, Translated by-Gyan Chand Biltiwala, Biltiwala House, Behind Rajasthan School of Arts, Kishanpole Bazar, Jaipur-302 003, Rajsthan, Phone (0141)2313970,2372640,Published by-Bhagwan Rishabhdev Granthmala, Shri Digamber Jain Atishaya Kshetra, Mandir Sanghiji, Sanganer, Jaipur, Rajsthan, Ph. (0141) 2730390, Fax-2731952, First Edition-- 2005, Page -- 42+512, Price-- 150/-. 26. 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA kannar3a kAvyAnuvAda- anuvAdaka-zrI bI.pI. nyAmagaur3A, prophe. kannar3a vibhAga, kusumAvatI mirajI kalA evaM vANijya mahAvidyAlaya, beDakIhALa- 591 214, tAlukA cikkor3I, belagAma, karnATaka, phona-(08338) 262598, 2005 I., prakAzanAdhIna /
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________________ (Ga) digambara jainAcArya santa ziromaNi 108 zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ke vipula vAGmaya sambandhI zodhakArya DI.liT. (1) 'mUkamATI' : cetanA ke svara (DI. liT., 1997, hindI vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya, nAgapura - 440 001, mahArASTra DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara', pUrva pAlI evaM prAkRta vibhAgAdhyakSa, nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya, nAgapura- 440001, mahArASTra 113 - tukArAma cAla, nyU eksaTeMzana eriyA, sadara, nAgapura - 440001, mahArASTra, phona - (0712) 2541726 banavArIlAla baMzIdhara jejAnI ceriTebala TrasTa, bhAjI maNDI, itavArI, nAgapura- 440002 evaM Aloka prakAzana, sanmati risarca insTITyUTa oNpha iNDolaoNjI, 113 - nyU eksaTeMzana eriyA, sadara, nAgapura - 440 001, mahArASTra prathamAvRtti- 1995, pRSTha 8+346, mUlya 50 rupae zodhArthI nivAsa prakAzaka samparka sUtra RSabha kumAra jejAnI, purohita DAlaDA kampanI ke sAmane, ghATa roDa, nAgapura, mahArASTra mo. 98231-16209, phona- (0712) 2762177 (kA.), 2709045 (ni.) (2) svAtantryottara hindI jaina sAhitya aura AcArya vidyAsAgara ke samagra sAhitya kA anuzIlana ( DI. liT., apUrNa, 1992, hindI vibhAga ) DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara 470 003 madhyapradeza DaoN. surendra kumAra jaina 'bhAratI', variSTha sahAyaka prAdhyApaka- hindI vibhAga, sevA sadana mahAvidyAlaya, burahAnapura- 450331, madhyapradeza, phona - (07325) 254926 nivAsa nidezaka ena-65, nyU indirA nagara-e, ahiMsA mArga, burahAnapura 450 331, madhyapradezaphona - (00325) 250662 DaoN. balabhadra tivArI, pUrva hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara -470003, madhyapradeza dube TrasTa bilDiMga, paoNvara hAUsa ke sAmane, sAgara 400001, madhyapradeza, phona - (07582) 22447 nivAsa (3) mahAmanISI AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara : jIvana evaM sAhityika avadAna (DI. liT., apUrNa, 1993, hindI vibhAga ) zodhArthI nivAsa prakAzaka - - vizvavidyAlaya - zodhArthI zodhArthI nivAsa prakAzaka samparka sUtra - - 2724423 (du.) / nirmala kumAra jaina, jaina bAga, vIra nagara, sahAranapura - 247001, phona - (0132) 2742186, 2746815 (4) AcArya jJAnasAgara evaM AcArya vidyAsAgara praNIta saMskRta sAhitya meM dharma, darzana evaM samAja kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DI. liT., zodharata, saMskRta vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya DaoN. bhImarAva ambeDakara vizvavidyAlaya, AgarA- 282004, uttarapradeza zodhArthI DaoN. ajita kumAra jaina, rIDara saMskRta vibhAga, epha. bI. kaoNleja, alIgar3ha-202002, uttarapradeza jaina galI, dhUliyAgaMja, AgarA 282003, uttarapradeza, mo. 94126-52568, phona - (0562) 2620302 nivAsa - (sva.) DaoN. vimala kumAra jaina, pUrva hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa DaoN. jAkira husaina kaoNleja, dillI vizvavidyAlaya, dillI 29/23 zakti nagara, dillI 110007, phona - (011) 27451560 27436140 9 jJAnodaya saMsthAna, jaina bAga, vIra nagara, sahAranapura- 247001, uttarapradeza prathamAvRtti - 1996, pRSTha- 20676, mUlya 100 rupae rAjendra kumAra jaina, 8/1127, jaina bAga, vIra nagara, sahAranapura, phona - (0132) 2658848 (ni.), pIeca. DI. (5) saMskRta zataka paramparA evaM AcArya vidyAsAgara ke zataka (pIeca. DI., 1984, saMskRta vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara 470 003, madhyapradeza DaoN. zrImatI AzAlatA malaiyA, prAdhyApikA evaM adhyakSa-saMskRta vibhAga, zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, sAgara sIniyara eca. AI. jI. 41, dvArikA bihAra, emplaoNyameNTa eksaceMja ke pIche, tilI grAma sAgara 400002, madhyapradeza, phona - (07582) 237135 zrI bAbUlAla jaina, jayazrI Aila milsa, gavalIpArA, durga, chattIsagar3ha, prathamAvRtti - maI, 1989, pRSTha- 30+472 sureza jaina, durga, phona - (0788) 2211704 (ni.) 2210104, 2210304 (du.), mo. 94252-42412
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 543 (6) saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM bIsavIM zatAbdI ke jaina manISiyoM kA yogadAna (pIeca. DI., 1992, saMskRta vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - DaoN. narendra siMha rAjapUta, adhyApaka-zAsakIya uccatara mAdhyamika vidyAlaya, paTerA, damoha, madhyapradeza phona- (07605)272301, 272305 nivAsa mar3iyA devIsIMga, tahasIla- paTerA- 470 772, jilA- damoha, madhyapradeza nidezaka - DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAgendu', pUrva prAdhyApaka-saMskRta vibhAga, zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, damoha, madhyapradeza nivAsa 28, saroja sadana, sarasvatI kaoNlonI, damoha-470 661, madhyapradeza, phona-(07812) 231135 prakAzaka AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, seThajI kI nasiyA, byAvara-305901, ajamera, rAjasthAna evaMbhagavAn RSabhadeva granthamAlA, zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera-303 902, jayapura, rAjasthAna se saMyukta rUpa meM prakAzita, phona-(0141)2730390, prathama saMskaraNa-1996,pRSTha-16+304, mUlya-50rupae (7) hindI sAhitya kI santa kAvya paramparA ke pariprekSya meM AcArya vidyAsAgara ke kRtitva kA anuzIlana (pIeca. DI., 1993, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - DaoN. bArelAla jaina, saMvidA prAdhyApaka-mahAkavi kezava adhyApana evaM anusandhAna kendra, avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya rIvA-486003, madhyapradeza, phona-(07662)231372 nivAsa - zrI digambara jaina mandira parisara, kaTarA, rIvA-486002, madhyapradeza, phona-(07662)406786, mo.94243-37801 nidezaka DaoN. ke. ela. jaina, prAcArya-zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, TIkamagar3ha, madhyapradeza evaM pUrva salAhakAra sadasya- rakSA mantrAlaya, bhArata sarakAra, naI dillI nivAsa nUtana vihAra kaoNlonI, DhauMgA, TIkamagar3ha-472001, madhyapradeza phona-(07683)240907(ni.),242335 (kA.), mo. 94258-82320 prakAzaka nirgrantha sAhitya prakAzana samiti, pI-4, kalAkAra sTrITa, kolakAtA-700 007, pazcima baMgAla, phona-(033) 22748879, 22746049 (ni.), 22748734, 22748241 (kA.), pheksa-22597786, mo.98310-10717 prathama saMskaraNa-1998, pRSTha-22+254, mUlya-45 rupae (8) jaina darzana ke sandarbha meM muni zrI vidyAsAgara jI ke sAhitya kA anuzIlana (pIeca. DI., 1993, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - DaoN. (zrImatI) kiraNa jaina, dharmapatnI-DaoN. jinendra kumAra jaina, variSTha pravaktA-vANijya vibhAga DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara, madhyapradeza nivAsa 117, je. ke. hAusa, levara korTa ke pIche, manoramA kaoNlonI, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza phona-(07582) 237353, 221246 nidezaka - prophesara DaoN. sureza AcArya, pUrva adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara, madhyapradeza mudrita grantha nAma - 'jaina darzana aura muni vidyAsAgara' prakAzaka - Aditya pablizarsa, jogezvarI mAtA kAmpleksa, pAThaka vArDa, bInA-470113, sAgara, madhyapradeza phona-(07580)220644 (ni.), 221372 (kA.), prathamAvRtti-2001, pRSTha-14+378, mUlya-450 rupae (9) AcArya vidyAsAgara : vyaktitva evaM kAvya kalA (pIeca. DI., 1996, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - mohanalAla sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura-313 001, rAjasthAna zodhArthI - DaoN. (zrImatI) mAyA jaina, dharmapatnI DaoN. udaya candra jaina, eso. prophe. evaM adhyakSa-jaina vidyA evaM prAkRta vibhAga, mohanalAla sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura-313001, rAjasthAna nivAsa piu kujja, 3-aravinda nagara, jaina sthAnaka ke pAsa, udayapura-313 001, rAjasthAna, phona-(0294) 2491974 nidezaka DaoN. pI. Ara. mAlIvAla, esozieTa prophesara-hindI vibhAga, mohanalAla sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura 313 001, rAjasthAna prakAzaka bhagavAn RSabhadeva granthamAlA, zrI digambara jaina mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera-303 902, jayapura, rAjasthAna phona-(0141) 2730390, prathamAvRtti-1997, pRSTha-52+332, mUlya -50 rupae
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________________ 544 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA (10) AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kRta 'mUkamATI' kA sAMskRtika anuzIlana (pIeca. DI., 1998, hindI vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya - paM. ravizaMkara zukla vizvavidyAlaya, rAyapura-492 010, chattIsagar3ha zodhArthI - DaoN. candra kumAra jaina, sahAyaka prAdhyApaka-hindI vibhAga, zAsakIya digvijaya mahAvidyAlaya, rAjanAMdagA~va, chattIsagar3ha nivAsa - durgA cauka, digvijaya patha, rAjanAMdagA~va-491441, chattIsagar3ha, phona-(07744) 225647 nidezaka - DaoN. gaNeza khare, pUrva prAcArya-zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, ghumakA, rAjanAMdagA~va, chattIsagar3ha nivAsa - siddhi sadana', gAyatrI kaoNlonI, kamalA kaoNleja roDa, rAjanAMdagA~va-491441, chattIsagar3ha, phona-(07744) 225990 (11) jaina viSaya vastu se sambaddha Adhunika hindI mahAkAvyoM meM sAmAjika cetanA (pIeca. DI., 1999, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - devI ahilyA vizvavidyAlaya, indaura-452 001, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - DaoN. (zrImatI) suzIlA sAlagiyA, pUrva prAcAryA-klAtha mArkeTa kanyA vidyAlaya, gaNezagaMja, indaura-452 002, madhyapradeza nivAsa - phleTa naM. 4, megnama apArTameNTsa, samavasaraNa mandira ke pIche, sAutha tukogaMja, indaura, madhyapradeza nidezaka - DaoN. dilIpa cauhAna, prAdhyApaka-hindI vibhAga, bI. esa. zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, depAlapura, indaura, madhyapradeza pUrva nidezaka - (sva.) DaoN. paramezvaradatta zarmA, pUrva prophesara-hindI vibhAga, devI ahilyA vizvavidyAlaya, indaura, madhyapradeza (12) 'kAmAyanI' aura 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA kAvyazAstrIya adhyayana (pIeca. DI., 2001, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - DaoN. saMjaya kumAra mizra nivAsa - (1) kRSNacandra mizra, balle basagar3I, grAma-atarailA naM. 12, vhAyA cAkaghATa-486 226, rIvA, madhyapradeza (2) dvArA-esa. esa. tivArI, subhASa mArga, urrahaTa, rIvA-486 001, madhyapradeza nidezaka prophesara (sva.) DaoN. kauzala prasAda mizra, hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa, mahAkavi kezava adhyApana evaM anusandhAna kendra, hindI vibhAga, avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza nivAsa - gAyatrI nagara, rIvA, madhya pradeza, phona-(07662) 230515 (13) AcArya vidyAsAgara kI loka dRSTi aura unake kAvya kA kalAgata anuzIlana (pIeca. DI., 2002, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla-462 026, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - DaoN. (zrImatI) sunItA dube, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA-hindI vibhAga, esa. esa. ela. jaina mahAvidyAlaya, vidizA-464001, madhyapradeza nivAsa dvArA-rameza dube, makAna naM. 110, gA~dhI nagara kaoNlonI, TIlAkher3I roDa, vidizA-464 001, madhyapradeza nidezaka DaoN. zIlacandra jaina pAlI vAle, hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa-esa. esa. ela. jaina mahAvidyAlaya, vidizA-464 001, madhyapradeza nivAsa - 19, vAcanAlaya mArga, vidizA-464001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07592)231089 (14) hindI sAhitya kI santa kAvya paramparA ke pariprekSya meM AcArya vidyAsAgara jI ke sAhitya kA mUlyAMkana (pIeca. DI., 2003, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - DaoN. bhImarAva ambeDakara vizvavidyAlaya, AgarA-282004, uttarapradeza zodhArthI - DaoN.rAmanareza siMha yAdava nivAsa - ATo pArTsa vikretA, jyoti TaoNkIja kA caurAhA, mainapurI-205001, uttarapradeza nivAsa - 146, kaTarA, mainapurI-205 001, uttarapradeza, phona-(05672) 240189 (15) 'mUkamATI' kA zailIparaka anuzIlana (pIeca. DI., 2004, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla-462026, madhyapradeza zodhArthI __- DaoN. (zrImatI) mInA jaina, dharmapatnI-sunIla jaina nivAsa - sunIla kirAnA sTorsa, mena roDa, obedullAgaMja-464993, rAyasena, madhyapradeza, phona-(07480) 224510 nidezaka - DaoN. (zrImatI) madhubAlA guptA, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA-hindI vibhAga, sarojinI nAyaDU zAsakIya snAtakottara kanyA svazAsI mahAvidyAlaya, zivAjI nagara, bhopAla, madhyapradeza mArgadarzana - DaoN. ratanacandra jaina, e-2, mAnasarovara, zAhapurA, bhopAla-462039, madhyapradeza, phona-(0755)2424666 (16) hindI mahAkAvya paramparA meM 'mUkamATI' kA anuzIlana (pIeca. DI., 2004 , hindI vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya - DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - DaoN. (zrImatI) amitA jaina, dharmapatnI-manISa kumAra modI, cvAisa selyUzana malTI iNTaranezanala limiTeDa, 49/15,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 545 nidezaka kAlakAjI, naI dillI-110019 nivAsa je-1/130, DI. DI. e. phleTsa, kAlakAjI, naI dillI-110019, mo. 98730-01553 nidezaka - DaoN. (zrImatI) saroja guptA, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA-zAsakIya snAtakottara kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, sAgara, madhyapradeza nivAsa - dvArA-DaoN. harimohana guptA, jI-4/1, jI. e. DI. kaoNlonI, sAgara-470002, madhyapradeza, phona-(07582)226718 (17) AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ke sAhitya meM udAtta mUlyoM kA anuzIlana (pIeca. DI., 2004, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - DaoN. razmi jaina, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA-hindI vibhAga, zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, bInA-470113, madhyapradeza nivAsa - dineza TreDarsa, sarvodaya cauka, bInA-470113, sAgara, madhyapradeza, phona-(07580)223628, mo. 94254-53251 nidezaka DaoN. (zrImatI) sandhyA Tikekara, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA-hindI, zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, bInA-470 113, ___ sAgara, madhyapradeza nivAsa - 'samAdhAna', kAnUnago vArDa, bInA-470 113, sAgara, madhyapradeza, phona-(07580)223873,mo.93297-83833 (18) AcArya vidyAsAgara ke sAhitya meM jIvana-mUlya (pIeca. DI., 2006, hindI vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya - avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - zrImatI nidhi guptA, dharmapatnI-subhASa candra guptA nivAsa - dvArA- Ara. pI. vyAsa, bI-3, vidyA vihAra, jaina mandira ke pAsa, padmanAbhapura, durga, chattIsagar3ha, mo.-078831-29992 - pro. DaoN. ke. ela. jaina, prAcArya-zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, TIkamagar3ha-472 001, madhyapradeza nivAsa - nUtana vihAra kaoNlonI, DhauMgA, TIkamagar3ha-472 001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07683)240907, mo. 94258-82320 (19) AcArya vidyAsAgara ke 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA anuzIlana (pIeca. DI., 2007, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - zrImatI nidhi e. jaina 'devA' nivAsa - (1) eca. 79, ema.AI.jI. kaoNlonI, indaura, madhyapradeza, mobA. 98267-98250, 98260-32959 (2) sumati candra jaina, asTona kuTIra, nagara bhavana ke sAmane, TIkamagar3ha-472 001, madhyapradeza phona- (07683)242060 nidezaka - pro. DaoN. ke. ela. jaina, prAcArya-zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, TIkamagar3ha-472 001, madhyapradeza nivAsa - nUtana vihAra kaoNlonI, DhauMgA, TIkamagar3ha-472 001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07683)240907, mo. 94258-82320 (20) santa kavi AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kI sAhitya sAdhanA (pIeca. DI. zodharata, hindI vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya - bundelakhaNDa vizvavidyAlaya, kAnapura roDa, jhA~sI-284128, uttarapradeza zodhArthI - zrImatI rAjazrI jaina, dharmapatnI-saMjIva kumAra jaina nivAsa - jI. eca.14/843, pazcima vihAra, naI dillI, mobA. 093100-76763, 093136-86627 nidezikA - DaoN. kusuma guptA, roDara-hindI vibhAga, bundelakhaNDa snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, jhA~sI-284 002, uttarapradeza nivAsa - 399/6, sI.pI. mizana kampAuNDa, jhAMsI, uttarapradeza, phona (0510) 2444225, mo. 094140-31550 (21) bhakti kAvya ke mUlya aura AcArya vidyAsAgara kA kAvya (pIeca. DI., zodharata, hindI vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya - avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - ku. zAlinI guptA nivAsa - suputrI-sundaralAla guptA, vidyAsAgara mArga, gaharavAra presa roDa, purAnI sindhI mila ke pAsa, kotamA-484 334, anUpapura, madhyapradeza, phona-(07658)234006 (komalacanda jaina) nidezaka DaoN. zrImatI urmilA dvivedI, prAdhyApaka evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, zAsakIya ThAkura raNamatasiMha mahAvidyAlaya, rIvA-486002, madhyapradeza nivAsa - ma. na. 283, mArutI skUla ke pAsa, neharU nagara, rIvA, madhyapradeza, phona (07662) 231520, mo. 94258-74445 (22) jaina darzana aura zaiva darzana meM sAmya tathA vaiSamya -'mUkamATI' va 'kAmAyanI' ke vizeSa sandarbha meM (pIeca. DI., zodharata, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - guru ghAsIdAsa vizvavidyAlaya, bilAsapura-495 009, chattIsagar3ha rAvA-4810
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________________ 546 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA zodhArthI nivAsa nidezaka vizvavidyAlaya zodhArthI nivAsa phona - (07771) 249323 prophe. (DaoN.) ziva prasAda mizra, adhiSThAtA kalA saMkAya, guru ghAsIdAsa vizvavidyAlaya, bilAsapura, chattIsagar3ha adhyakSa hindI vibhAga, sI. ema. DI. (pI. jI.) kaoNleja, bilAsapura- 495002, chattIsagar3ha phona - (07752) 225177 nivAsa basa sTeNDa, bilAsapura-495002, chattIsagar3ha, phona - (07752) 222298 (23) Adhunika hindI kAvya ke vikAsa meM AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kA yogadAna (pIeca. DI., zodharata, hindI vibhAga ) jIvAjI vizvavidyAlaya, gvAliyara 474011, madhyapradeza nidezaka nivAsa - vizvavidyAlaya zodhArthI nidezaka - saha-nidezaka nivAsa (24) AcArya vidyAsAgarajI - vizvavidyAlaya zodhArthI nivAsa nidezaka nivAsa - - - - - zrImatI arpaNA jaina 'sonU', suputrI - zrI santoSa kumAra jaina (1) zrImatI arpaNA jaina, dvArA prAcI Dresesa, dube kAmpleksa, sadara bAjAra, bilAsapura, chattIsagar3ha - mo. 98265-89430, 94241-63077 (2) dineza eNDa kampanI, vastra vikretA, jaina mandira ke sAmane, manendragar3ha- 490442, koriyA, chattIsagar3ha - - prazAnta kumAra jaina kirAnA marceNTa, digambara jaina bar3A maMdira ke pAsa, rAghaugar3ha 403226, gunA, madhyapradeza phona (00544 262352, 222354, mo. 99266-17326 DaoN. dinakara kI peMDhArakara, pUrva prAcArya zAsakIya snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, gunA, madhyapradeza maTakarI kaoNlonI, gunA, madhyapradeza, phona DaoN. satIzacandra caturvedI, sahAyaka prAdhyApaka sisodiyA kaoNlonI, gunA, madhyapradeza, phona - nivAsa (25) AcArya vidyAsAgara : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva (pIeca. DI., apUrNa, saMskRta vibhAga ) barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla- 462026, madhyapradeza (07542) 255057 zAsakIya snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, gunA, madhyapradeza (07542) 256924, mo. 98933-84831 - * vizvavidyAlaya zodhArthinI nivAsa nidezaka nivAsa (26) AcArya vidyAsAgara kI hindI sAhitya ko dena (pIeca. DI., apUrNa, hindI vibhAga ) DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara 400003 madhyapradeza kA bahuAyAmI vyaktitva evaM kRtitva (pIeca. DI., zodharata, saMskRta vibhAga ) DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470003, madhyapradeza suzrI saMgItA jaina, dvArA zrI DI. sI. jaina, Ara. Ara. bI., vasundharA kaoNlonI, damoha - 470661, madhyapradeza DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAgendu', pUrva saciva ma. pra. saMskRta akAdamI, bhopAla, madhyapradeza, pUrvaprAdhyApaka evaM adhyakSa saMskRta vibhAga, zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, damoha, madhyapradeza, nidezaka saMskRta prAkRta jainavidyA zodha kendra, damoha 470 661 madhyapradeza, mo. 94254-55138 - 28, saroja sadana, prophesara kaoNlonI, damoha 470 661, madhyapradeza, phona (07812) 221135 zrImatI maMjulatA jaina, dharmapatnI ravi kumAra jaina - (1) ravi kumAra jaina, AkAzavANI kendra, sAgara 470001 madhyapradeza, phona - (07582) 222039 (2) subhASa ATA cakkI ke pAsa, vipatapurA kaoNlonI, po. magaradhA, narasiMhapura, madhyapradeza, phona - (07792) 236282 DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAgendu', pUrva saciva - madhyapradeza saMskRta akAdamI, bhopAla, madhyapradeza evaM pUrva saMskRta vibhAgAdhyakSazAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, damoha, madhyapradeza 28, saroja sadana, sarasvatI kaoNlonI, damoha-470661, madhyapradeza, phona - (07812)231135 zrImatI prabhA siMghaI, dharmapatnI-prakAza siMghaI DUMr3A vAle siMghaI mazInarI sTorsa, bar3AgA~va dhasAna- 472010, TIkamagar3ha, madhyapradeza, phona - (07683) 257247 pro. DaoN. ke. ela. jaina, prAcArya zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, TIkamagar3ha-472001 madhyapradeza nUtana vihAra kaoNlonI, DauMgA, TIkamagar3ha- 472001, madhyapradeza, phona - (07683)240907, mo. 94258-82320 ema. phila. (27) 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke pratIkoM kA vaijJAnika vizleSaNa (ema.phila., laghu zodha prabandha, 1990, tulanAtmaka bhASA evaM saMskRti vibhAga ) barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla- 462026 madhyapradeza vizvavidyAlaya
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 547 28 nivAsa zodhArthI - rameza candra mizra, prAdhyApaka-hindI vibhAga, sAdhu vAsavAnI DigrI kaoNleja, bairAgar3ha, bhopAla, madhyapradeza nidezaka DaoN. vRSabha prasAda jaina, roDara-tulanAtmaka bhASA evaM saMskRti vibhAga, barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla, madhyapradeza samprati - prophesara evaM nidezaka-bhASA kendra, mahAtmA gA~dhI antararASTrIya hindI vizvavidyAlaya, 1/12, sekTara-eca, alIgaMja, lakhanaU, uttarapradeza phona-(0522)2761543, mo. 2000268, pheksa-2761543, mo. 94155-01976 nivAsa - bI-1/32, sekTara-jI, alIgaMja, lakhanaU-226 024, uttarapradeza, phona-(0522)2732703 prakAzaka - zakti prakAzana, 58-sultAniyA roDa, bhopAla, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1992, pRSTha-64, mUlya-50 rupae 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM rasoM evaM bimboM kA anuzIlana (ema. phila., laghu zodha prabandha, 2000, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI saMjaya mizra nivAsa dvArA- kRSNa candra mizra, balle basagar3I, grAma va po. atarailA naM. 12, vhAyA-cAkaghATa, tahasIla-tyauMthara, jilA- rIvA, madhyapradeza nidezaka - DaoN. dineza kuzavAha, rIDara evaM adhyakSa -mahAkavi kezava adhyApana evaM anusandhAna kendra, hindI vibhAga, avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza, phona (07662) 231372 - epha-1, vizvavidyAlaya parisara, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza, phona-(07662) 231929, mo. 94258-47022 (29) AcArya vidyAsAgara aura unakA kAvya : eka anuzIlana (ema.phila., laghu zodha prabandha, 2001, hindI vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya - avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - zrImatI kRSNA paTaila, dvArA-ambikA prasAda paTaila, prakSetra satata vistAra adhikArI-kRSi mahAvidyAlaya, rIvA, madhyapradeza nivAsa - jI-10, prophesara kaoNlonI, par3arA, rIvA, madhyapradeza, phona-(07662) 220284, mo. 94258-74659 nidezaka - (sva.) DaoN. kauzala prasAda mizra, AcArya evaM hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa, mahAkavi kezava adhyApana evaM anusandhAna kendra, hindI vibhAga, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza nivAsa - gAyatrI nagara, rIvA (madhyapradeza), phona-(07662) 230515 (30) AcArya vidyAsAgara viracita 'paJcazatI' kA sAhityika mUlyAMkana (ema. phila., laghu zodha prabandha, 2001, saMskRta-pAlI evaM prAkRta vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - kurukSetra vizvavidyAlaya, kurukSetra-136 119, hariyANA zodhArthI suzIlA yAdava nidezaka - DaoN. zrIcandra jaina, pravaktA-hindI vibhAga, kizanalAla kaoNleja, revAr3I-123 401, hariyANA nivAsa - 200, ema. kRSNA nagara, revAr3I-123 401, hariyANA, phona-(01274) 254315, mo.094166-06198 (31) AcArya vidyAsAgara ke dohA-dohana : eka anuzIlana (ema. phila., laghu zodha prabandha, 2004, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI ___- suzrI sunItA devI mizrA, suputrI-devarAja mizrA nivAsa - (1) mu.po. damehar3I, tahasIla-rAjendragrAma (puSparAjagar3ha), anUpapura, madhyapradeza (2) dvArA - nArAyaNa prasAda dIkSita, gautama kaoNlonI, rAjendragrAma (puSparAjagar3ha), anUpapura, madhyapradeza phona-(07629)268511 nidezaka DaoN. dineza kuzavAha, rIDara evaM adhyakSa, mahAkavi kezava adhyApana evaM anusandhAna kendra, hindI vibhAga, avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza, phona-(07662) 231372 nivAsa - epha-1, vizvavidyAlaya parisara, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza, phona-(07662) 231929, mo. 94258-47022 (32) 'cetanA ke gaharAva meM": AcArya vidyAsAgara jI kA kAvya - cintana (ema. phila., laghu zodha prabandha, 2006, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - vibhA tivArI, suputrI-zrI ramezaprasAda tivArI, grAma-rorA, posTa-DihiyA (govindagar3ha), rIvA, madhyapradeza phona-(07662) 682574, mo. 98265-27767 nidezaka - DaoN. dineza kuzavAhA, rIDara evaM adhyakSa - mahAkavi kezava adhyApana evaM anusaMdhAna kendra hindI vibhAga, avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza, phona - (07662) 231372
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________________ 548 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA nivAsa - epha-1, vizvavidyAlaya parisara, avadhezapratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza phona - (07662) 231929, mo. 94258-47022 (33) AcArya vidyAsAgara ke kAvya meM rASTrIya cetanA (ema.phila., laghu zodha prabandha, 2007, hindI vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya - avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003 (madhyapradeza) zodhArthI - zrImatI priyaMkA bauddha, dharmapatnI- zrI sI.ela. bauddha nivAsa - grAma-zAhapura, po. kakalapura, taha. amarapATana, jilA-satanA, madhyapradeza, mo. 93292-90899, 98275-16458 nidezaka DaoN. dineza kuzavAhA, rIDara evaM adhyakSa- mahAkavi kezava adhyApana evaM anusaMdhAna kendra, hindI vibhAga avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza, phona - (07662) 231372 nivAsa epha-1, vizvavidyAlaya parisara, avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza phona - (07662) 231929, mo. 94258-47022 ema. eDa. (34) AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara ke vyaktitva evaM zaikSika vicAroM kA adhyayana (ema. eDa., laghu zodha prabandha, 1992, zikSA vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthinI - zrImatI pratibhA jaina, zikSikA-liTila sTAra pablika skUla, makaroniyA-470 004, sAgara, madhyapradeza nivAsa zAnti vihAra kaoNlonI, makaroniyA, sAgara-470004, madhyapradeza, phona-(07582) mo. 311558 nidezaka DaoN. bI. pI. zrIvAstava, pUrva pustakAlayAdhyakSa-vizvavidyAlayIna zikSA mahAvidyAlaya, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza; samprati-korsa ko-ArDineTara-DisTeMsa ejUkezana, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470003, madhyapradeza; prAcArya-vidyAsAgara kaoNleja, sAgara nivAsa - ela.AI.jI. - 22, padmAkara kaoNlonI, makaroniyA, sAgara-470 004, madhyapradeza, phona-(07582)231875 (35) AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI kI kRti 'mUkamATI' kA zaikSika anuzIlana (ema. eDa., laghu zodha prabandha, 1993, zikSA vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - zrImatI pratibhA jaina, zikSikA-liTila sTAra pablika skUla, makaroniyA-470 004, sAgara, madhyapradeza nivAsa - zAnti vihAra kaoNlonI, makaroniyA, sAgara-470004, madhyapradeza, phona-(07582) mo. 311558 nidezaka DaoN. bI. pI. zrIvAstava, pUrva pustakAlayAdhyakSa-vizvavidyAlayIna zikSA mahAvidyAlaya, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza; samprati-korsa ko-ArDineTara-DisTeMsa ejUkezana, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470003, madhyapradeza; prAcArya-vidyAsAgara kaoNleja, sAgara nivAsa - ela. AI. jI. - 22, padmAkara kaoNlonI, makaroniyA, sAgara-470 004, madhyapradeza, phona- (07582) 231875 ema. e. (36) 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya : eka anuzIlana (ema. e., laghu zodha prabandha, 1990, hindI vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya - avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - zrImatI kalpanA jaina, dharmapatnI-aravinda kumAra jaina nivAsa - ena. sI. pI. eca. kaoNlarI, posTa-haldIvAr3I, ciramirI-497 451, koriyA, chattIsagar3ha, phona-(07771) 261544, nidezaka - pro. DaoN. ke. ela. jaina, prAcArya-zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, TIkamagar3ha-472001, madhyapradeza nivAsa - nUtana vihAra kaoNlonI, DhauMgA, TIkamagar3ha-472001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07683) 240907, mo. 94258-82320 (37) AcArya vidyAsAgara jI kRta 'mUkamATI': eka adhyayana (ema. e., laghu zodha prabandha, 1991, hindI vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya - rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura-302 004, rAjasthAna zodhArthI - nareza candra goyala nidezaka - (sva.) pro. DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata, pUrva hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura, rAjasthAna nivAsa dvArA-DaoN. saMjIva bhAnAvata, sI-235-e, dayAnanda mArga, tilaka nagara, jayapura-302 003, rAjasthAna phona-(0141)2620944, 2622862(ni.), 2703903(kA.), mo. 94140-73466
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 549 (38) AcArya kavi vidyAsAgara jI ke prabandha 'mUkamATI' kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (ema. e., laghu zodha prabandha, 1992, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - gujarAta vizvavidyAlaya, ahamadAbAda-380 009, gujarAta zodhArthI - mehera prasAda yAdava, ela. DI. ArTsa kaoNleja, ahamadAbAda, gujarAta nidezaka - DaoN. zekhara candra jaina, hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa evaM prAcArya-zrImatI sadaguNA sI. yU. ArTsa kaoNleja, ahamadAbAda, gujarAta nivAsa 25-ziromaNI baMgaloja, bar3odarA eksapresa hAive ke sAmane, sI.TI. ema. cAra rAstA ke pAsa ahamadAbAda-380026, gujarAta, phona-(079) 25850744, 25851771, pheksa-25850744 (39) AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI kRta 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya : eka sAhityika mUlyAMkana (ema. e., laghu zodha prabandha, 1992, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla-462026, madhyapradeza zodhArthI zrImatI sImA jaina, dharmapatnI-saMjIva kumAra jaina nivAsa - zrI jJAnacandra jaina, vinaya janarala sTorsa, basa sTeNDa ke pAsa, gyArasapura, vidizA, madhyapradeza phona-(07596)263055 (du.), 263155 (ni.) nidezaka - DaoN. je. pI. nemA, hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa, zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, barelI-464 669, rAyasena, madhyapradeza (40) AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI kI 'mUkamATI' kA samIkSAtmaka dArzanika anuzIlana (ema. e., laghu zodha prabandha, 1997, darzanazAstra vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla-462 026, madhyapradeza zodhArthI zrImatI anItA jaina, dharmapatnI-zrI zambhU kumAra jaina nivAsa - zrI zambhU kumAra jaina, mairI meDIkala, relve sTezana jaina mandira ke pAsa, vidizA-464 001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07592) 235126 (du.), 233679 (ni.) nidezaka DaoN. pradIpa khare, sahAyaka prAdhyApaka-darzana vibhAga, zAsakIya hamIdiyA kalA evaM vANijya mahAvidyAlaya, bhopAla, madhyapradeza (41) AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ke saMskRta zatakoM kA sAhityika anuzIlana (ema. e., laghu zodha prabandha, 2001, saMskRta vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - devI ahilyA vizvavidyAlaya, indaura-452 001, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - Aditya kumAra varmA nivAsa - 101, bAlAjI apArTameNTsa, 24-TelIphona nagara, kanADiyA mArga, indaura-452 001, madhyapradeza nidezikA - DaoN. (zrImatI) saMgItA mehatA, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA-saMskRta vibhAga, zAsakIya kalA evaM vANijya mahAvidyAlaya, indaura, madhyapradeza nivAsa - 'mayaMka', I. eca.-37, skIma naM. 54, indaura-452010, madhyapradeza, phona-(0731) 2558272 pRSTha 322 pAtrakI gatikodekhakara ammAgatakAsvAda prArambhamA:
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA dvitIya khaNDa pariziSTa : tRtIya lekhakoM ke pate (kucheka lekhakoM ke divaMgata ho jAne ke bAvajUda, zodhArthiyoM kI suvidhA ke lie, unake tatkAlIna pate diye gaye haiN|) DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave, pUrva nidezaka-bhAratIya bhASA pariSada, kolakAtA, pazcima baMgAla; pUrva saciva-sAhitya akAdamI, naI dillI; pUrva pradhAna sampAdaka-cauthA saMsAra, dainika, indaura, madhyapradeza (ni.)-dvArA-zrImatI nIlUjI, cetanA sureza kohalI, I-180, greTara kailAza-pArTa-II, naI dillI-110048, phona-(011)-29214488 AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI, pUrva prophesara-navIna ceyara; pUrva adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, vikrama vizvavidyAlaya, ujjaina, madhyapradeza (ni.)-2-sTeTa baiMka kaoNlonI, devAsa roDa, ujjaina-456 010, madhyapradeza, phona-(0734)2510772 DaoN. prabhudayAlu agnihotrI, pUrva kulapati-rAnI durgAvatI vizvavidyAlaya, jabalapura-482 001, madhyapradeza (ni.)-I-2/73, mahAvIra nagara, arerA kaoNlonI, bhopAla-462016, madhyapradeza, phona-(0755)2465240 prophesara kalyANa mala loDhA, prAktana kulapati-jodhapura vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura-342001, rAjasthAna; pUrvavariSTha AcArya evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, kalakattA vizvavidyAlaya, kolakAtA-700073, pazcima baMgAla (ni.)-2-e, dezapriya pArka (pUrva), kolakAtA-700029, phona-(033)24642300 bhagavatI prasAda berI, pUrva mukhya nyAyamUrti-rAjasthAna ucca nyAyAlaya, jodhapura, rAjasthAna (ni.)- dharmapatnI zrImatI satyabhAmA devI berI, pI-6, tilaka mArga, sI-skIma, jayapura-3020.5, rAjasthAna, phona-(0141)2385170 vizvamitra (dainika), sampAdaka-prakAzacandra agravAla, 74-lenina saraNI, kolakAtA-700013, pazcima baMgAla, phona-(033)22449567, 22441139, pheksa - 22446393 DaoN. prabhAkara zrotriya, nidezaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha; sampAdaka-nayA jJAnodaya (mAsika), 18-insTITyUzanala eriyA, posTa bAksa naM. 3113, lodI roDa, naI dillI-110003, phona-(011)24626467, 24654196, 24656201, 24698417, pheksa-24654197; pUrva sampAdakavAgartha (mAsika), bhAratIya bhASA pariSada, 36-e, zeksapiyara saraNI, kolakAtA-700017, pazcima baMgAla, phona-(033)22479962, 22811875, 22802309 (ni.)- DI-275, narmadA enakleva, alakanandA, naI dillI-110003 DaoN. viSNu datta rAkeza, nidezaka-svAmI zraddhAnanda anusandhAna prakAzana kendra; AcArya evaM pUrva adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, gurukula kA~gar3I vizvavidyAlaya, haridvAra-249404, uttarAMcala (ni.)-4, bhagavantapuram, po. kanakhala-249408, haridvAra, uttarAMcala, phona-(01334) 244994 prophesara (DaoN.) jagadIza candra jaina, iNDolaoNjisTa (ni.)-dvArA-anila jaina, 2/64, malhAra kooNpareTiva hAusiMga sosAyaTI, bAMdarA riklamezana, bAMdarA (pazcima), mumbaI-400 050, mahArASTra, phona-(022)56373333 pro. DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara', pUrva prophesara evaM adhyakSa-pAli-prAkRta vibhAga, nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya, nAgapura, mahArASTra pUrva nidezaka-pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, AI.TI.AI.roDa, karauMdI, vArANasI, uttarapradeza; sampAdaka-prAcIna tIrtha jIrNoddhAra (mAsika), lakhanaU (ni.)-113-tukArAma cAla, nyU eksaTeMzana eriyA, kastUrabA lAibrerI ke pAsa, sadara, nAgapura-440 001, mahArASTra, phona-(0712)2541726 DaoN. kAnti kumAra jaina, pUrva prophesara-mAkhanalAla caturvedI pITha; pUrva adhyakSa-bundelI pITha; pUrva adhyakSa-hindI evaM bhASA vijJAna vibhAga, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470003, madhyapradeza (ni.)-5-vidyApuram, makaroniyA, sAgara-470004, madhyapradeza, phona-(07582)262354 prA. mANikalAla zivalAla borA, 'advaita, mANika cauka, posTa-rAjaguru nagara-410505, pUnA, mahArASTra, phona-(02135)222537 10.
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 551 11. DaoN. baccUlAla avasthI 'jJAna', pUrva nidezaka-kAlidAsa akAdamI, ujjaina-456 010, madhyapradeza (ni.)-18/2, vasundharA apArTameNTsa, bharatapurI, ema. Ara. II roDa, ujjaina-456 010, madhyapradeza, phona-(0734)2515843 ___ DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva, pUrva vyAkhyAtA-prAkRta, prAkRta-jaina zAstra evaM ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna, vaizAlI, bihAra; pUrva upanidezaka (zodha) evaM sampAdaka-'pariSada patrikA'-bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA, bihAra (ni.)-37-bhAratIya sTeTa baiMka oNphIsarsa kaoNlonI, kAlI mandira mArga, hanumAna nagara, kaMkar3abAga, paTanA-800020, bihAra DaoN. komala candra jaina, pUrva rIDara evaM adhyakSa-pAli evaM bauddha adhyayana vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI-221005, uttarapradeza (ni.)-35/38-57, rohita nagara, nariyA, vArANasI-221 005, uttarapradeza, phona-(0542)2314103 DaoN. puSpA baMsala, pUrva prophesara evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, maharSi dayAnanda vizvavidyAlaya, rohataka-240 001, hariyANA (ni.)-dvArA-DaoN. baMsala, netra vizeSajJa evaM cikitsaka-apolo haoNspiTala, velu hila apArTameNTsa, phleTa naM.301, roDa naM. 6, baMjArA hilsa, haidarAbAda, Andhrapradeza, phona-(040) 23354971 (ni.), 23607777 (hA.), mo. 93933-57807 / DaoN. ghanazyAma gopAladAsa vyAsa, pUrva hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa-snAtakottara hindI vibhAga, nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya, nAgapura-440 001, mahArASTra (ni.)-gopAla bhavana, bhAjI maNDI, itavArI, nAgapura-440 002, mahArASTra, phona-(0712)2767872 pro. (DaoN.) sAgaramala jaina, pUrva sampAdaka-'zramaNa' (mAsika); pUrva nidezaka-pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, jaina iMsTITyUTa,AI.TI.AI. ke nikaTa, vArANasI-221005, uttarapradeza; nidezaka-prAcya vidyApITha, dupAr3A ror3a, zAjApura-465 001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07364)227425 prophe. DaoN. dharmacandra jaina, pUrva prophesara-saMskRta evaM prAcya vidyA saMsthAna, kurukSetra vizvavidyAlaya, kurukSetra-136 119, hariyANA (ni.)-kiraNa vilA, 5-jyoti nagara, nIlama sinemA ke nikaTa, kurukSetra-136 118, hariyANA, phona-(01744)290644 18. prophesara (DaoN.) umA zukla, pUrva prophesara evaM adhyakSa-snAtakottara hindI vibhAga, zrImatI nAthIbAI dAmodara ThAkarasI mahilA vizvavidyAlaya, pATakara hAla bilDiMga, 6vIM maMjila,1-nAthIbAI ThAkarasI mArga, mumbaI-400020, mahArASTra (ni.)-3/11, yazavanta nagara, goregA~va (pazcima), mumbaI-400062, mahArASTra, phona-(022)28724601 prophesara (DaoN.) mahendra nAtha dube, pUrva nidezaka- ka. muM. hindI tathA bhASA vijJAna vidyApITha,AgarA, uttarapradeza; pUrva adhyakSa-hindI tathA Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAe~ vibhAga, samprati-adhiSThAtA (DIna)-kalA saMkAya, DaoN. bhImarAva ambeDakara vizvavidyAlaya, AgarA-282004, uttarapradeza (ni.)-5-gopAla kuMja, prophesarsa kaoNlonI, bAga mujaphphara khA~, seNTa jAnsa-ghaTiyA roDa, AgarA-282 002, uttarapradeza, phona-(0562) 2155131 20. DaoN. rameza canda jaina, pUrva rIDara evaM adhyakSa-saMskRta vibhAga, varddhamAna mahAvidyAlaya, bijanaura-246701, uttarapradeza (ni.)-jaina mandira ke nikaTa, bijanaura-246701, uttarapradeza, phona-(01342)250935 21. vIrendra kumAra jaina, pUrva pradhAna sampAdaka-navanIta (mAsika) (ni.)-dvArA-pavana kumAra jaina, grAphika DijAinara, phleTa naM. 2, dUsarI maMjila, govinda nivAsa II, sarojinI roDa, vile pArale (pazcima), mumbaI-400056, mahArASTra, phona-(022)26143617 22. __kavirAja vidyA nArAyaNa zAstrI, kulapati-vikramazilA hindI vidyApITha, gA~dhI nagara, IzIpura, bhAgalapura-813 206, bihAra phona-(06429)282270 23. pro.(DaoN.)sudarzana majIThiyA, pUrva AcArya evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, hindI bhavana, bhAvanagara vizvavidyAlaya, bhAvanagara-364002, gujarAta (ni.)-dvArA-apUrva esa. majIThiyA, cArTarDa ekAuNTeNTa, 1652-ghoghA roDa, ekTiva iMgliza skUla ke sAmane, rAjArAma no-aveDo ke pAsa, bhAvanagara, gujarAta-364001, gujarAta, phona-(0278)2566620 prophe. (DaoN.) vRSabha prasAda jaina, prophesara evaM nidezaka-bhASA kendra, mahAtmA gA~dhI antararASTrIya hindI vizvavidyAlaya, e-1/12, sekTaraeca, alIgaMja, lakhanaU-226024, uttarapradeza, phona-(0522)2761543, mo. 94155-01976, mo. 2000268, pheksa-2761543 (ni.)-bI-1/23, sekTara-jI, jAnakIpuram, lakhanaU, uttarapradeza, phona-(0522)2732703 prophe. (DaoN.) mahendra nAtha rAya, adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga (kalA saMkAya), kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI-221 005, uttarapradeza (ni.)-118/8, zyAmA sadana, mahAmanApurI vistAra (dakSiNa), AI.TI. AI.roDa, vArANasI-221 005, uttarapradeza phona-(0542)2570389 ___DaoN. lakSmI kAnta pANDeya, rIDara evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, pI. pI. ena. kaoNleja, kAnapura, uttarapradeza, phona - (0512)2361924 (ni.)-33-bI (eka), gA~dhIgrAma, kAnapura, uttarapradeza, phona-(0512)2453300 27. DaoN. nemIcanda jaina, pUrva sampAdaka-tIrthaMkara (mAsika); zAkAhAra krAnti (mAsika), indaura, madhyapradeza
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________________ 552 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 31. 32. (ni.)-dvArA-premacanda jaina, sampAdaka-tIrthaMkara (mAsika), 65-patrakAra kaoNlonI, kanADiyA mArga, indaura-452 001, madhyapradeza, phona(0731)2565204, 2565271, pheksa-2565308 prophesara zrInArAyaNa mizra, pUrva saMskRta vibhAgAdhyakSa, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI-221 005, uttarapradeza (ni.)-bI. 31/40, bI-1-ela, bhogAvIra kaoNlonI, saMkaTamocana, vArANasI-221 005, uttarapradeza, phona-(0542) 2369879, 2312079 Dr. Indu Prakash Pandeya, Leiter-Indisches Kulturinstitut frankfun, Main Berlineestrasse 19,65824, Schwalbach/TS. GERMANY prophesara (DaoN.) gaNeza prasAda, pUrva yUnivarsiTI prophesara evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga; nidezaka-hindI patrakAritA evaM janasaMcAra, bAbAsAheba bhImarAva ambeDakara vizvavidyAlaya, mujaphpharapura-842001, bihAra (ni.)-umA meDIkalsa, ke-131, hanumAna nagara (subhASa nagara/lohiyA nagara), paTanA-800020, bihAra, phona-(0612)2390451 narendra prakAza jaina, sampAdaka-jaina gajaTa (sAptAhika), nandIzvara phlora mila, aiza bAga, lakhanaU-226 004, uttarapradeza phona-(0522) 2662589, 2662581 (ni.)- pUrva prAcArya, 104, naI bastI, phirojAbAda-283 203, uttarapradeza, phona-(05612)246146 prophe. (DaoN.) bI. vai. lalitAmbA, AcArya evaM adhyakSa-tulanAtmaka bhASA evaM saMskRti adhyayanazAlA; DIna-kalA saMkAya, devI ahilyA vizvavidyAlaya, vijJAna bhavana, khaNDavA roDa, indaura-4520017, madhyapradeza, phona-(0731)2468975 (kA.), 2461038, 2474469 (ni.), pheksa-2470372 DaoN.vijaya dvivedI, pUrva prophesara evaM hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa-ema.pI. sI. oNTonAmasa kaoNleja, takatapura, vArIpadA-757001, mayUrabhaMja, ur3IsA (ni.)-dvArA-anurAga dvivedI, hindI vibhAga, ema.pI.sI. oNTonAmasa kaoNleja, takatapura, vArIpadA-757 001, mayUrabhaMja, ur3IsA DaoN. mAdhavarAva regulapATI, prAdhyApaka evaM rIDara-kalA evaM vijJAna mahAvidyAlaya, kAkatIya vizvavidyAlaya, varaMgala-506010, Andhrapradeza (ni.)-2-4-1247/7, gA~dhI nagara, hanamAkuNDA, varaMgala-506001, Andhrapradeza, phona-(0870) 2573690 DaoN. (zrImatI) rAjamati divAkara, sahAyaka prAdhyApaka-hindI vibhAga, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza (ni.) 469- manoramA kaoNlonI, bI. ema. dube ke bAjU meM, ziva mandira ke pAsa, madhukarazAha vArDa, tilI roDa, sAgara-470001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07582) 236751, mo. 98266-07104 / pro. (DaoN.) devavrata jozI, pUrva prAdhyApaka-zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, ratalAma-457001, madhyapradeza (ni.)-24-veda vyAsa kaoNlonI-2, AzIrvAda narsiMga homa ke pAsa, ratalAma-457001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07412)239477 paNDita prakAza hitaiSI' zAstrI, pUrva sampAdaka-sanmati sandeza (mAsika), 535-gA~dhInagara, dillI-110031, phona-(011)22077372 DaoN. ajita zukadeva, darzana vibhAga, vizva bhAratI, zAnti niketana-731 235, pazcima baMgAla prophesara (DaoN.) pramoda kumAra siMha, pUrva yUnivarsiTI prophesara evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga; pUrva nidezaka-hindI patrakAritA evaM janasaMcAra, bAbAsAheba bhImarAva ambeDakara vizvavidyAlaya, mujaphpharapura-842001, bihAra (ni.)-AmagolA, par3Ava pokhara patha-1, mujaphpharapura-842002, bihAra, phona-(0621)2267906 DaoN. jayakumAra 'jalaja', pUrva prAcArya-zAsakIya snAtakottara kalA evaM vijJAna mahAvidyAlaya, ratalAma-457001, madhyapradeza (ni.)-30, indirA nagara, ratalAma-457 001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07412)504208, 200555 pro. (DaoN.) ramaNa lAla dhanezvara pAThaka, pUrva hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa-mahArAjA siyAjIrAva vizvavidyAlaya, bar3audA-390 002, gujarAta; pUrva prophesara-ema. ke. amIna ArTsa, kaoNmarsa eNDa sAinsa kaoNleja, pAdarA, bar3audA, gujarAta (ni.)-brAhmaNa phaliyA, jaina derAsara ke pAsa, tarasAlI, bar3audA-390 009, gujarAta, phona-(0265) 2655839 DaoN. vimalA caturvedI, pUrva prAcArya, zAsakIya snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, satanA, madhyapradeza (ni.)-3-sara teja bahAdura saprU mArga, ilAhAbAda-221003, uttarapradeza, phona-(0532)2608630, mo. 3112632 prophesara ajIta kumAra varmA, pUrva prophesara evaM adhyakSa-snAtakottara hindI vibhAga, lalitanArAyaNa mithilA vizvavidyAlaya, kAmezvara nagara, darabhaMgA-846004, bihAra (ni.)-muhallA evaM DAkaghara-lakSmIsAgara, darabhaMgA-846009, bihAra DaoN. (paM.) dayAcandra jaina sAhityAcArya, prAcArya-zrI gaNeza digambara jaina saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, varNI bhavana, morAjI, lakSmIpurA, sAgara-470002, madhyapradeza, phona-(07582)268393 DaoN. yajJa prasAda tivArI, prAdhyApaka evaM hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa-zAsakIya svazAsI snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, zahaDola-484001, madhyapradeza (ni.)-'zabda zilA', kaoNleja roDa, anUpapura-484224, madhyapradeza, phona-(07659)222106, mo. 94251-80785 DaoN. jI. zAntA kumArI, pUrva prophesara evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, senTa TeresA kaoNleja, eranAkulama, koccI-682 011, kerala 36. pra 46.
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________________ 47. 48. 49. 50. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. (ni.) - 'prasAdam', pI. jI. seNTara, seNTa TeresA ela. pI. esa. lena, kAnveNTa jaMksana, eranAkulama, koccI- 682011, kerala sureza sarala, pUrva mAnada janasamparka adhikArI AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara zodha saMsthAna dvArA zrI bAhyI sundarI prasthAzrama, 21, kaMcana vihAra, vijaya nagara kaoNlonI, jabalapura - 482002, madhyapradeza, phona - (0761) 2543883 (ni.) sarala kuTI, 293 gAphATaka, jabalapura 482002, madhyapradeza, phona - (0761) 2401672, mo. 98200-95484 zekha abdula vahAba, prAdhyApaka evaM adhyakSa hindI vibhAga, islAmiyA kaoNleja, vANiyambADI- 635752 tamilanADu (ni.) - 14- prophesarsa nagara, nyU TAuna, vANiyambADI- 635752, tamilanADu, phona - (04174) 235336 DaoN. ravIndra kumAra jaina, 13 - zaktinagara, pallAvaram, cennaI - 600043, tamilanADu, phona - (044) 22415022 DaoN. (zrImatI) AzAlatA malaiyA, prAdhyApikA evaM adhyakSa-saMskRta vibhAga, zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, sAgara 470002 madhyapradeza (ni.) sIniyara eca. AI. jI. 41. dvArikA vihAra, rojagAra kAryAlaya ke pIche, tilI grAma, sAgara-400 004 madhyapradeza - mUkamATI mImAMsA : 553 - phona - (07582) 237135 DaoN. sIeca. rAmulu rIDara hindI vibhAga, haidarAbAda vizvavidyAlaya, haidarAbAda-500045, Andhrapradeza - (ni.) - zrIkRpA, 12-2-725/15, pI. eNDa TI. kaoNlonI, reThI bAvalI, mehadIpaTanam, haidarAbAda - 500028, Andhrapradeza - DaoN. sukamAla kumAra jaina, pUrva cIpha mainejara - di TAimsa oNpha iNDiyA presa, AkurlA roDa, kAndIvalI (pUrva), mumbaI - 400 101, mahArASTra (ni.) e-403, zItala chAvA, 77- esa. vhI. roDa, malADa (vesTa), mumbaI- 400064 mahArASTra, phona - (022) 28825629. , mo. 98213-17098 prophesara jIvitarAma kA. setapAla, pUrva adhyakSa hindI vibhAga, Ara. DI. nezanala kaoNleja, bAndrA, mumbaI- 400050, mahArASTra, pradhAna sampAdaka- 'protsAhana, sindhu besameNTa, 205 / 31, zIva (pUrva), mumbaI - 400022, mahArASTra (ni.) - plaoNTa naM. 15, I-3/307, inaleksa nagara, yArI ror3a, varsovA, andherI (pazcima), mumbaI - 400 061, mahArASTra, phona - (022) 26365138 DaoN. rAjamala borA, pUrva prophesara evaM adhyakSa hindI vibhAga, DaoN. bhImarAva AmbeDakara marAThavADA vizvavidyAlaya, auraMgAbAda-431004, mahArASTra (ni.) 'ratnadIpa 5 manISA nagara, kesarasiMha purA, auraMgAbAda-431005, mahArASTra, phona - (0240) 2333249 rAjendra paToriyA, sampAdaka- khanana bhAratI (mAsika), vesTarna kola phIlDsa limiTeDa, kola isTeTa, sivila lAinsa, nAgapura - 440001, mahArASTra, phona - (0012) 2511381, 2510384/85 ema. 5679 (ni.) AjAda cauka, sadara, nAgapura - 440001, mahArASTra, phona - (0712) 2520320 - DaoN. rAmasvarUpa sare, pUrva hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa evaM prAcArya sva. bahAdura siMha mahAvidyAlaya, mAdhaugar3ha, jAlauna, uttarapradeza (ni.) -5- prAcArya nivAsa, rAjakIya jilA pazu cikitsAlaya ke pAsa, rATha mArga, uraI -285001, jAlauna, uttarapradeza, phona - (05162) 253184 DaoN. tejapAla caudharI, pUrva adhyakSa hindI vibhAga mUlAjI jeThA kaoNleja, jalagA~va 425002, mahArASTra phona - (0257) 2234281 (ni.) - 56 - rAmadAsa kaoNlonI, jalagA~va - 425002, mahArASTra, phona - (0250) 2235514 DaoN. satyadeva mizra, prophesara-hindI vibhAga, lakhanaU vizvavidyAlaya, lakhanaU 226016, uttarapradeza (ni.) 18 vizvavidyAlaya AvAsa, vizvavidyAlaya parisara, phaijAbAda roDa, lakhanaU- 226020, uttarapradeza, phona - (0522) 2741109 kailAza mahayA, pUrva saMyukta saMcAlaka sahakAritA vibhAga, madhyapradeza zAsana, bhopAla; adhyakSa- bundelakhaNDa sAhitya pariSada (ni.) - 75, citragupta nagara, koTarA, sultAnAbAda, bhopAla - 462003, madhyapradeza, phona - (0755) 2774037, mo. 98260-15643 DaoN. rAmasvarUpa nArya, pUrva roDara evaM adhyakSa- hindI vibhAga, varddhamAna kaoNleja, bijanaura- 246701 uttarapradeza (ni.) - bI-14, naI bastI, bijanaura - 246701, uttarapradeza, phona - (01342) 261363 DaoN. rAmacaritra siMha, rIDara evaM adhyakSa hindI vibhAga, pratApa bahAdura DigrI kaoNleja, pratApagar3ha siTI 230002, uttarapradeza DaoN. manujI zrIvAstava, upAcArya evaM adhyakSa hindI vibhAga, bundelakhaNDa mahAvidyAlaya, gvAliyara roDa, jhA~sI, uttarapradeza (ni.) - 1362-6, gondU kampAuNDa, sivila lAinsa, jhAMsI- 284003, uttarapradeza, phona - (0517) 2440669, mo. 94955-05979 paM. darabArI lAla jaina zAstrI, pUrva prAdhyApaka hindI vibhAga, varNoM jaina iNTara kaoNleja, sTezana roDa, lalitapura- 284403, uttarapradeza (ni.) 'chAvA' nyAyAlaya mArga, sivila lAinsa, lalitapura 284403, uttarapradeza, phona - (05176) 272883 DaoN. suzIlA guptA, prAcArya zrImatI bhAgIrathI bAI mAnamala yA mahilA mahAvidyAlaya (snAtaka vibhAga), 11- kRSNa kuMja, bAcchA gA~dhI mArga, gAmadevI, mumbaI- 400007, mahArASTra: hindustAnI pracAra sabhA, netAjI subhASa mArga parnI roDa (pazcima), mumbaI, mahArASTra DaoN. zamIra siMha, hindI vibhAga, khAlasA kaoNleja, amRtasara- 143002, paMjAba , (ni.) - 31 - esa. sI. epha., kabIra pArka, khAlasA kaoNleja, amRtasara- 143002, paMjAba, phona - (0183) 2257244, 2259998 DaoN. kastUracandra jaina 'sumana', variSTha vidvAn evaM prabhArI jaina vidyA saMsthAna, zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra, zrImahAvIrajI- 322220, -
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________________ 554 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 67. 68. 69. 70. Op. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. karaulI, rAjasthAna, phona - (07469) 224224- mainejara kSetra kameTI DaoN. zambhuzaraNa zukla, adhyakSa - hindI vibhAga, upAdhi snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, pIlIbhIta- 262001, uttarapradeza (ni.) -f 1- divya gIti, ekatA nagara, pIlIbhIta- 262001, uttarapradeza, phona - (05882) 242006 DaoN. (zrImatI) nIrA jaina, roDara-hindI vibhAga, vivekAnanda kaoNleja, viveka vihAra, dillI- 110095 (ni.) - DI - 165, rAmaprastha, gAjiyAbAda, uttarapradeza, phona - (0120) 2627753 DaoN. sureza gautama, variSTha rIDara - hindI vibhAga, satyavatI koejU. kaoNleja, dillI vizvavidyAlaya, azoka vihAra - III, dillI- 100052 (ni.) 'saubhAgya zrI', 737-DaoN. mukharjI nagara, dillI- 110009, phona - (011) 27651679, 27652841 (ni.) 20242644. 20234827 (kA.), mo. 98012 97078 DaoN. rAmanareza, prAcArya dayAnanda bacharAvAM pI. jI. kaoNleja, bacharAvAM 229301, rAyabarelI, uttarapradeza (ni.) - zrI mAdhava Azrama, bacharAvAM 229 301 rAyabarelI, uttarapradeza, phona - (0535) 263660, mo. 94151 17457 DaoN. bArelAla jaina, saMvidA prAdhyApaka mahAkavi kezava adhyApana evaM anusandhAna kendra, hindI vibhAga, avadheza pratApasiMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA - 486003, madhyapradeza, phona - (07662) 231372 - (ni.) - jaina mandira parisara, kaTarA, rIvA- 486002, madhyapradeza, phona - (07662) 506786 pro. habIbunnIsA, adhyakSa- hindI vibhAga, zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, tumakura 572 101, karnATaka (ni.) - hAUsa naM. bI. bI. - 7, ke. eca. bI. kaoNlonI, sultAnapAlyA, baiMgalora, karnATaka, phona - (080) 22943156 saubhAga mala jaina, pUrva upasampAdaka-rAjasthAna patrikA, jayapura, rAjasthAna (ni.) dvArA azoka kumAra jaina, 669, paM. cainasukha mArga, kizanapola bAjAra, boraDI kA rAstA, jayapura-302003, rAjasthAna, phona - (0141) 2315653 (ni.). 5103666 (kA.) DaoN. gaMgA prasAda barasaiMyA, pUrva AcArya evaM adhyakSa - hindI vibhAga, mahArAjA mahAvidyAlaya, chatarapura - 471001, madhyapradeza sevAnivRtta snAtakottara prAcArya (ni.) - 12 - ema. AI. jI., hAUsiMga borDa kaoNlonI (caube kaoNlonI), chatarapura- 471001, madhyapradeza, phona - (07682) 241024 DaoN. gaMgA sahAya premI, pUrva prAdhyApaka hindI vibhAga, zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, gunA- 403 001, madhyapradeza (ni.) dvArA svatantra premI, eTalasa Telara kI galI, udAsI Azrama, gunA 473001, madhyapradeza, phona - (07542) 507851 DaoN. devendra dIpaka, nidezaka-sAhitya akAdamI, madhyapradeza saMskRti pariSad, bhopAla, madhyapradeza, phona - (0755) 2557942; pUrva saMcAlaka - madhyapradeza hindI grantha akAdamI, ravIndranAtha ThAkura mArga, bANagaMgA, bhopAla - 462003, madhyapradeza, phona - (0755) 553048 (ni.) - DI - 15, zAlImAra gArDana, kolAra roDa, bhopAla, madhyapradeza, phona - (0755) 2495600, mo. 98931-86183 mahendra kumAra mAnava, pradhAna sampAdaka- paMcAyatI rAja, I-4/104, prophesara kaoNlonI, bhopAla- 462002, madhyapradeza, phona - (0755) 2660077 DaoN. rAjakumAra tivArI 'sumitra, sampAdaka - dainika jayaloka, saMjaya gA~dhI mArkeTa, posTa oNphisa ke pAsa, baldevabAga, jabalapura - 482002, madhyapradeza, phona - (0761) 2751895 (ni.) 'sumitra nivAsa, 112 sarAphA, siTI kotavAlI ke pIche, seTha cunnIlAla kA bAr3A, darahAI cauka, jabalapura 482002, madhyapradeza, phona - (0761) 2652027 lAlacandra jaina 'rAkeza' pUrva prAcArya zAsakIya hAIskUla, bareTha, vidizA, madhyapradeza - (ni.) - neharU cauka, galI naM. 4, gaMjabAsaudA 464221, vidizA, madhyapradeza, phona - (00594) 221080 DaoN. narendra zarmA, pUrva prAdhyApaka evaM vibhAgAdhyakSa saMskRta vibhAga, zAsakIya snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, sivanI 480 661, madhyapradeza - (ni.) hAusiMga borDa kaoNlonI, pampa hAusa ke pAsa, bArA patthara, sivanI 480 661, madhyapradeza - DaoN. zakuntalA siMha, prAcArya rAjA balavanta siMha mahAvidyAlaya, rAjanagara, khajurAho, chatarapura madhyapradeza, phona - (07686) 206259 (ni.) dvArA yuddhavIra siMha, padmA nivAsa, AgarA mohallA, purAne paoNvara hAusa ke pAsa, lAla phATaka, pannA - 488001, madhyapradeza - - phona - (07732) 252015. mo. 94250-76117 DaoN. (zrImatI) nIlama jaina, sampAdikA jaina mahilAdarza (mAsika), nandIzvara phlora mila, aiza bAga, lakhanaU 226004, uttarapradeza (ni.) - 'sItAkuMja', 273 - 1/1, Adarza nagara, nyU relve roDa, gur3agA~vA - 122002, hariyANA, phona - (0124) 3951039, mo. 98108 09727 DaoN. dAdUrAma zarmA, prAdhyApaka evaM adhyakSa hindI vibhAga, zAsakIya snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, sivanI 480 661, madhyapradeza (ni.) - DaoN. rAjendra prasAda vArDa, bhairavagaMja, mahArAja bAga, sivanI 480 661, madhyapradeza, phona - (00692) 227292 - DaoN. candragupta 'mayaMka', dvArA zrImatI suzIlA 'mayaMka' khaNDelavAla, kastUrabA niketana, 23 sadara bAjAra, Agara mAlavA - 465 441, -
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 555 85. vArDa, bInA- 470 roDa, sItAvaDa zvetAmbara 2 zAjApura, madhyapradeza, phona-(07362)258854 DaoN. sandhyA Tikekara, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA-hindI vibhAga, zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, bInA-470 113, sAgara, madhyapradeza (ni.)-'samAdhAna, kAnUnago vArDa, bInA- 470 113, sAgara, madhyapradeza, phona-(07580) 226718 kRSNa kumAra caube, DaoN. chaMgANI ke ghara ke pAsa, Tekar3I roDa, sItAbarDI, nAgapura-440012, mahArASTra, phona-(0712)2540670 rAjendra nagAvata, pUrva sampAdaka-jaina prakAza (pAkSika), akhila bhAratavarSIya zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI jaina kAnphreMsa, jaina bhavana, 12-zahIda bhagatasiMha mArga, naI dillI-110001 / / (ni.)-76-subhASa cauka, dhAnamaNDI, ratalAma-457001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07412)239918, mo. 98264-69200 DaoN. jagadIzapAla siMha, prAdhyApaka-hindI vibhAga, esa. esa. bI. (pI.jI.) kaoNleja, hApur3a-245101, gAjiyAbAda, uttarapradeza (ni.)-saMjaya vihAra, asoDAroDa, hApur3a-245101, gAjiyAbAda, uttarapradeza, phona-(0122)2316818, 2313573(kA.), 2310871(ni.) mohana zazi, saha sampAdaka (sAhitya)-dainika bhAskara, 581-sAutha sivila lAinsa, jabalapura-482001, madhyapradeza (ni.)-maheza caurasiyA kA makAna, paMkaja kirAnA ke bAjU se galI meM, trimUrti nagara, damoha nAkA, jabalapura-482 002, madhyapradeza, phona-(0761) 2640909 (ni.), 5045222, 5046888 (kA.) paNDita bharata cakravartI jaina zAstrI, dvArA-zrI dharaNI kumAra jaina, 14-veMkaTAcalama sTrITa, vesTa mAmbalaya, cennaI-600033, tamilanADu, phona-(044)24749326 mANaka candra chAbar3A, 33-maharSi devendra roDa, kolakAtA-700006, pazcima baMgAla, phona-(033)22590609, 22590743 (ni.)- mANakacandra mahendrakumAra, 67/50-sTrANDa roDa, nApita paTTI, prathama tallA, kolakAtA, pazcima baMgAla, phona-(033)22331873, 22321902, mo.98807-7713 prophesara uttama canda jaina 'premI' (uttama svAmI), pUrva prophesara-aMgrejI vibhAga, bir3alA kaoNleja, pilAnI, rAjasthAna; sanAtana dharma kaoNleja, palavala, hariyANA; rAjA balavanta siMha kaoNleja, AgarA, uttarapradeza; saMsthApaka evaM saMcAlaka-satyadharma evaM yoga sAdhanA saMsthAna, sikandarA, AgarA-282007, uttarapradeza (ni.)-'yogAzrama', 43/226, jaina galI, sikandarA, AgarA-282007, uttarapradeza, phona-(0562) 2641263p.p. lAlacandra harizcandra jaina, 'sukhasAgara', sarve naM.18, sAyara plesa, phleTa naM.7, kAtraja, pUnA-411049, mahArASTra, phona-(020)26961337, 24492819 lAdUlAla jaina, bilDiMga naM. 4-e, o. ena. jI. ela. viMga, phleTa naM. 604, AzA nagara, pheja-II, borIvalI (pUrva), mumbaI-400066, mahArASTra 93. 94. mAiTa pRSTha 110 jhila-mila jhila-mila--... bahuta kama sunane ko milaayh| 0 00.
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________________ 44 "yaha racanA darzana, jIvana aura kAvya kA eka sammilita avadAna hai, kyoMki yaha jisa dizA se AyA hai, jisa sAdhaka kI ora se AyA hai, jisa prayojana se AyA hai aura jitanI utkaTatA se AyA hai vaha nizcaya hI mahattvapUrNa hai|" DaoN. prabhAkara zrotriya 'bhArata ke jAtIya sAhitya kI antazcetanA se 'mUkamATI' otaprota hai| isameM vaidika bhUmiprema kI vyApakatA, laghutA kI garimA ke khyApaka ArSa mahAkAvyoM kI samadarzitA, nirguNapanthI santoM kI vANiyoM meM gU~jatI dalitoM evaM apAtroM kI asmitA, svAtantrya samara meM tapane vAle janoM kI manasvitA, tathAkathita pragativAda kI yathArthavAditA tathA sanAtana adhyAtma-sAdhanA kI pratIkAtmakatA eka sAtha sampuTita hai|" pro. (DaoN.) pramoda kumAra siMha "yaha mahAkAvya hindI ke kAvya sAhitya kI apUrva upalabdhi hai, bhAratIya sAhitya vAGmaya ke lie abhinava aura advitIya sArasvata upAyana hai tathA khar3I bolI ke hindI ke mahAkAvya kI racanA paramparA kI samRddhi meM sarvadhA navIna nikSepa hai|" DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva "bhAratIya manISiyoM kI racanA paramparA meM 'mUkamATI' adhunAtana samasyAoM ko cihnita karatI manuSya gAthA hai| isa mahAkAvya meM laghutA ko namana aura usake laghutva meM virATatA kA darzana hai| isalie naI bhaMgimA aura naI zailI meM prastuta isa mahAkAvya ko mAnavatA kA mahAkAvya aura saMskRti kA vizvakAvya kahA jA sakatA hai|" DaoN. lakSmIkAnta pANDeya "naI kavitA ke yuga meM dharma, darzana aura adhyAtma kSetra ke sAtha-sAtha sAhitya ke kSetra meM bhI apratima yogadAna denevAle AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kavi evaM dArzanika santa ke rUpa meM vikhyAta haiN| 'mUkamATI' meM viSayavastu se lekara pAtra parikalpanA taka paramparA kA vidroha hai| isameM saba nayApana hai| nimnavargIya pAtroM ko lekara unake mAdhyama se dharma, darzana aura adhyAtma kI jijJAsAoM ke samAdhAna prastuta kie gaye haiN|" zekha abdula vahAba 'mUkamATI' ko kAvyazAstra ke paramparAgata niyamoM aura lakSaNoM ke caukhaTe meM hI dekhane ke AgrahI bhale hI isake mahAkAvya zabda ko dekhakara nAka-bhauM sikor3ate raheM parantu isameM koI zaMkA nahIM ki 'mUkamATI' bhavya zAna liye apane DhaMga kA aura apane alaga ThATha kA mahAkAvya hai|" 44 prA. mANikalAla borA 'mUkamATI' Adhunika hindI kavitA kI zailI meM likhI huI "gItA" hai|" DaoN. rAjamala borA
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________________ bhAratIya jJAnapITha 18, insTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI roDa, nayI dillI - 110 003 saMsthApaka : sva. sAhU zAntiprasAda jaina, sva. zrImatI ramA jaina