Madhyakalin Rajasthan me Jain Dharma

Author(s): Rajesh Jain Mrs
Publisher: Parshwanath Shodhpith Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002114/1

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pArvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA:61 sampAdaka: DaoN0 sAgaramala jana madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 189 G)Wan EO (zrImatI) rAjeza jaina saccA logammisAramaya WRISH pAzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodhasasthAna,vArANasI

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pAzrvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA : 61 sampAdaka : DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma lekhikA DaoN0 (zrImatI) rAjeza jaina SER bArANasI-5 saccaM logammi sArabhUyaM pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI-5

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prakAzaka: pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna (kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya dvArA mAnyatA prApta) AI0 TI0 AI0 roDa, karauMdI, vArANasI-5 phona : 311462 artha sahayoga : zrImAn bha~varalAla jI vaida kalakattA saMskaraNa : prathama 1991-92 mUlya : rupaye eka sau sATha Madhyakalina Rajasthana men Jainadharma Dr. (Smt.) Rajesh Jain Price Rs. : 160.00 First Edition : 1991-92 mudraka : varddhamAna mudraNAlaya javAharanagara kAlonI, vArANasI-10

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prastuta pustaka ke artha sahayogI zrI bha~varalAla jI sA0 vaida prastuta pustaka ke prakAzana ke lie zrIyut bha~varalAla jI sA0 vaida, kalakattA dvArA arthaM sahayoga pradAna kiyA gayA hai / Apa bIkAnera saMgha ke pUrva adhyakSa sva0 zrIyut jasarAja jI sA0 vaida ke jyeSTha suputra haiM / zrI veda sA0 mUlataH bIkAnera ke nivAsI haiM evaM vartamAna meM Apa kalakattA meM vyavasAyarata haiM / Apa taruNa TeksaTAila, kalakattA ke saMsthApaka saMcAlaka haiM / Apa eka prasiddha udyogapati haiM / apane vyavasAya meM ativyasta rahate hue bhI Apa samAja evaM saMghahita ke lie sadaiva prayatnazIla rahate haiM / Apake do anuja zrI jha~vara lAla jI veda evaM zrI rikhabacanda jI veda haiN| tInoM bhAI evaM pUrA parivAra dhArmika bhAvanAoM se ota-prota hai / zrIyut vaida sA0 atyanta udAra evaM sarala svabhAvI haiM / Apa sAmAjika, zaikSaNika evaM sevA sambandhI racanAtmaka kAryoM meM sadaiva agraNI rahate haiM aura tanamana-dhana se usameM sahayoga pradAna karate haiM / vartamAna meM Apa nimna saMghoM evaM saMsthAoM meM apanI sevAe~ pradAna kara rahe haiM / (1) adhyakSa - zrI a0 bhA0 sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha, bIkAnera (2) adhyakSa -- zrI zve0 sthAnakavAsI jaina sabhA, kalakattA (3) adhyakSa -- zrI su0 zikSAsAMDa sosAyaTI naukhA pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna kI pravRttiyoM meM ApakI prArambha se hI ruci rahI hai / zrI veda sA0 kA yaha sahayoga unake sAhitya evaM zodha ke prati prema kA hI paricAyaka hai /

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prakAzakIya rAjasthAna kI sAMskRtika garimA kI sabhI vizeSatAoM ko samAhita karate hue jaina dharma ne usake itihAsa-nirmANa meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA kA nirvAha kiyA haiN| rAjasthAna ke dhArmika itihAsa kA avalokana karane se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki 8 vI se 18 vIM zatAbdI taka madhyakAlIna kI sAMskRtika dhArA meM jainadharma eka mahatvapUrNa jIvanta kendra rahA hai / lekhikA ne vizeSa zramapUrvaka 'madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma' viSaya para jo zodha prabandha likhA thA usI kA yaha mudrita rUpa hai| ise grantha rUpa meM pAThakoM ke kara kamaloM meM prastuta karate hue hama atIva prasannatA kA anubhava kara rahe haiN| kisI bhI dharma athavA saMskRti kI jIvantatA kA pratIka usakA sAhitya hotA hai / sAhitya eka aimA darpaNa hai jo atIta ko prativimbita karatA hai, vartamAna svarUpa kA bodha karatA hai aura bhaviSya kA nirdhAraNa karatA hai| madhyakAla meM rAjasthAna jaina sAhityika sAdhanA kA pramukha kendra thaa| tatkAlIna rAjanaitika uthala-puthala ke kAraNa bhI yahA~ kI sAhitya-sAdhanA vizeSa prabhAvita nahIM huii| katipaya mugala zAsakoM kI barbaratA ke kAraNa yadyapi yahA~ ke jaina mandiroM aura zAstra bhaNDAroM kI apUraNIya kSati huI, phira bhI rAjasthAna ke zAstra bhaNDAroM meM vipula jaina sAhitya surakSita rahA / Aja bhI yahA~ ke bhaNDAroM evaM mandiroM Adi meM itanI adhika mAtrA meM jaina sAhitya evaM kalAkRtiyA~ vidyamAna haiM, jinase tatkAlIna dharma evaM saMskRti ko sahajatA pUrvaka samajhA jA sakatA hai / prastuta grantha DA0 (zrImatI ) rAjeza jaina ke zodha prabandha kA mudrita rUpa hai unhoMne isameM madhyakAlIna ( rAjasthAna meM ) jaina dharma evaM saMskRti ke vividha pakSoM kA vivaraNa diyA hai / prastuta kRti para zrImatI jaina ko vikrama vizvavidyAlaya, ujjaina dvArA pI-eca. DI0 kI upAdhi se sammAnita kiyA gayA thaa| unhoMne apanI isa kRti ko pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ko prakAzanArtha diyA, etartha hama unake AbhArI haiN| hameM AzA hai ki unakI isa kRti se pAThakagaNa madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna ke jainadharma ke vividha pakSoM se paricita hoMge aura unake zodha-zrama kA samyak mUlyAMkana kara skeNge| prastuta kRti ke prakAzana hetu kalakattA nivAsI jainavidyA premI zrI bhaMvaralAla jI vaidya ne gyAraha hajAra rupaye kI rAzi pradAna kI, vidyAzrama parivAra unakI usa udAratA ke prati kRtajJa hai| prastuta kRti ke sampAdana evaM prakAzana meM saMsthAna ke nidezaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina kA vizeSa yogadAna rahA hai, hama unake prati AbhArI haiN| isI prakAra prapha saMzodhana Adi kAryoM meM saMsthAna ke DA0 azoka kumAra siMha evaM DA0 indrezacandra siMha kA bhI hameM vizeSa sahayoga prApta huA ataH hama inake bhI AbhArI haiM / anta meM sundara kalApUrNa mudraNa ke lie hama varddhamAna mudraNAlaya ko bhI dhanyavAda jJApita karate haiM / bhUpendra nAtha jaina hii

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1851 lekhakIya 8vIM se 18vIM zatAbdI taka madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna kI sAMskRtika dhArA meM, jaina dharma eka mahattvapUrNa kriyAzIla dhArmika zakti rahA hai / jIvana ke zAzvata satya ko pahicAnane aura manasA, vAcA, karmaNA use jIvana lakSyoM meM samAdRta aura samAhita karate rahane kA jo mahattvapUrNa kArya jaina dharma ne niSpAdita kiyA hai, vaha kisI bhI dharma ke liye eka Adarza hai / rAjasthAna kI dharatI kI gandha liye, yahA~ ke sAMskRtika sauSThava kI sabhI vizeSatAoM ko AveSThita kara, jaina dharma ne eka aisI sAMskRtika bhUmikA kA nirvAha kiyA hai, jo pratyeka kAla meM cirasmaraNIya rahegI / udAramanA rAjapUta zAsakoM ne, zaiva va vaiSNava dharmI hote hue bhI, kartavyaniSTha jaina rAjanayikoM, sadguNI evaM vidvAn jainAcAryoM, dhanapati zreSThiyoM evaM lokamAnasa meM jainamata kI lokapriyatA se prabhAvita hokara, jaina dharma ke saMrakSaNa, saMvarddhana evaM utkarSa meM gahana abhirUci pradarzita kara prazaMsanIya yogadAna diyA / rAjasthAna kA bhaugolika dRSTi se apanA alaga hI vaiziSTya hai, jisakA prabhAva Arthika, rAjanItika, sAmAjika yahA~ taka ki dhArmika kSetra meM bhI dekhane ko milatA hai / 23deg 3' uttara se 30deg 12' uttarI akSAMza aura 69deg30' pUrva se 78deg17' pUrvI dezAntara ke madhya vistRta isa pradeza kA kSetraphala 3,42, 274 varga ki0 mI0 hai / yaha pUrva meM uttara pradeza, madhya pradeza, dakSiNa meM gujarAta, pazcima meM pAkistAna tathA uttara va uttara pUrva meM paMjAba va hariyANA se ghirA huA hai / gujarAta ke cAMpAnera se, uttara-pUrvI dizA meM dillI taka vistRta arAvalI parvata zrRMkhalA, yahA~ kI pramukha bhU-AkRtika vizeSatA hai / isa parvata zrRMkhalA ke uttara-pazcima meM pradeza kA 3 / 5 bhAga marusthalIya hai / rAjasthAna meM bA~savAr3A, DUMgarapura, udayapura, bhIlavAr3A, ajamera, jayapura, bharatapura, bUndI, koTA Adi aise kSetra haiM, jo apekSAkRta paThArI, upajAU, saghana vanaspati vAle va jala suvidhAoM se sampanna haiM / rAjasthAna kA rAjanaitika svarUpa va nAmakaraNa, yugAnurUpa parivartita hotA rahA hai / lagabhaga 7vIM zatAbdI se isa pradeza meM gurjara pratihAra, cauhAna, cAlukya, paramAra, guhila Adi rAjapUta jAtiyoM ne apane prabhAva kSetra va sattA kendra sthApita karanA prArambha kiye, jisake pariNAma svarUpa tatkAlIna rAjya zaktiyoM ke kendra, anya pradezoM se haTakara isa bhU-pradeza meM saMkendrita hone lage / 8vIM se 12vIM va 13vIM rAjapUta zaktiyoM dvArA sthApita parivartanazIla sImAoM vAle ye sAhityika pramANoM ke anusAra -- jAMgaladeza, sapAdalakSa, ananta, saptazatabhUmi, bhAdAnaka, zatAbdI taka, vibhinna pradeza, abhilekhIya evaM

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medapATa, prAgvATa, bAgar3a, pAriyAtra, zatapaMcAzata, marU, abudadeza aura aSTAdaza zatadeza, mADa, valla travaNI, dazeraka, gurjara yA gurjarAtra Adi nAmoM se abhihita the| isI kAla meM musalamAnoM ke vidhvaMsaka AkramaNoM ke prArambha hone se, rAjapUta jAtiyoM kI vIratA va udAratA se surakSA ke prati Azvasta hokara, bahusaMkhyaka jana samudAya ina pradezoM meM visthApita hokara Aye evaM naye nagara, rAjadhAniyA~ va vyApArika kendra vikasita huye| isa daurAna rAjapUta vaMzoM kI vibhinna zAkhAe~ apane choTe-choTe rAjya sthApita karane ke liye nirantara saMgharSa karato rahIM / 13vIM zatAbdI se hI, deza meM kendrIya muslima sattA ke nyUnAdhika rUpa se sthiratA prApta kara astitva meM Ane ke vyApaka sAmAjika, rAjanItika, Arthika va dhArmika prabhAva huye| rAjasthAna pradeza meM, vibhinna rAjapUta vaMzoM kI zAkhAoM ke dvArA svataMtra rUpa se choTI riyAsatoM kI sthApanA va naI rAjadhAniyoM kA nirmANa kiyA jAne lgaa| 18vIM zatAbdI taka isa prakAra ke kaI rAjapUta rAjya, jaise--mevAr3a, sirohI, jodhapura, jaisalamera, bIkAnera, jayapura, ajamera, bUndI, koTA, bharatapura, alavara Adi astitva meM A gaye the| kendriIya mugala sattA meM bhI lambe saMgharSa, raktapAta va hiMsA ke pazcAt akabara ke kAla taka sthiratA A gaI thii| akabara kI dharmasahiSNu nIti va anya dharmoM ke prati Adara bhAva se sAmAjika, Arthika, dhArmika va jana jIvana ke vividha kSetroM meM zAnti, sthiratA aura vikAsa kA vAtAvaraNa bana gayA thA, kintu kaTTara va dharmAndha muslima zaktiyA~ andara hI andara sulaga rahI thiiN| akabara kI mRtyu ke uparAnta 17vIM zatAbdI se hI kaTTara muslima zaktiyA~ kendrIya sattA para hAvI hone lagI jisakI pariNati va parAkASThA auraMgajeba ke sattA meM Ane para huii| auraMgajeba kI atyadhika kaTTaratA, dharmAndhatA aura bhUmija dharmoM ke prati ghRNA, mugala sAmrAjya ke patana va avasAna meM pratiphalita huii| ataH 17vIM zatAbdI meM muslima vidhvaMsaka zaktiyoM meM uphAna AyA, jisake sAmAjika va dhArmika kSetra meM atyadhika prabhAva hye| rAjasthAna meM isa kAla meM marAThoM va piMDAriyoM ne bhI bahuta utpAta macAye / pUrvI va dakSiNa-pUrvI rAjasthAna kA adhikAMza bhAga auraMgajeba, marAThoM Adi vidhvaMsaka zaktiyoM ke mArga meM hone ke kAraNa apUrva kSati kA kendra rahA, jisake pramANa ina kSetroM meM vistRta rUpa se bikhare huye bhagnAvazeSa haiM / paravartI zatAbdiyoM meM rAjapUtoM ke isa pradeza meM susthApita ho jAne ke pazcAt, sthAnIya bhASA meM yaha bhapradeza "rAjavAr3A" va "rAyathAna' kahalAtA thA / aMgrejoM ne isa bhaugolika pradeza ko "rAjapUtAnA'' nAma diyA va svataMtra bhArata meM yaha "rAjasthAna' ke nAma se abhiSikta kiyA gyaa| 8vIM se 18vIM zatAbdI taka rAjasthAna meM madhyakAlIna jaina dharma kA adhyayana, pradeza kI sAmAjika, dhArmika, Arthika, rAjanItika Adi paristhitiyoM para vicAra karate huye, 3 kAlakhaNDoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai

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8vIM se 12vIM zatAbdI - pUrva madhyakAla, 13vIM se 16vIM zatAbdI - madhyakAla, 17vIM va 18vIM zatAbdI - uttara madhyakAla vibhinna pariprekSyoM para AdhArita ukta sthUla kAlika-anukramaNa, rAjasthAna ke laukika va sAMskRtika itihAsa ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se ucita aura yuktiyukta hai| muslima zAsana deza ke vibhinna pradezoM meM bhinna-bhinna kAloM meM sthApita huA, ataH muslima zAsana kI sthApanA se hI madhyakAla kA prArambha mAnanA anucita hai| 8vIM zatAbdI ke kucha pUrva se, rAjasthAna meM vibhinna kSatriya vaMzoM kA adhivAsana prArambha hone va vibhinna pradezoM se jana samudAyoM ke Agamana se, jaina dharma kA isa pradeza meM aparva utkarSa prArambha huA, jo 12vIM zatAbdI ke anta va kucha kSetroM meM 13vA zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha taka caramotkarSa para rhaa| jaina dharma ke pracAra va prasAra ke spaSTa pramANa 8vIM zatAbdI se hI upalabdha hone lagate haiN| haribhadra sUri, udyotana sUri, siddharSi Adi aneka jainAcAryoM ne, vipula maulika sAhitya sRjana kara jainamata ko lokapriya banAne ke athaka prayAsa kiye| jaina rAjanayikoM va dhaSThI varga ne rAjapUta rAjAoM kI sahAnubhUti va udAratA prApta kara anekoM maMdira, mUrtiyA~ Adi pratiSThita krvaaii| AbU ke vimala va vastupAla-tejapAla dvArA nirmita maMdira, zilpakAroM va vAstukAroM ke dIrgha anubhava se utpanna-sthApatya va takSaNakalA kI zreSTha nimitiyA~ rahIM, jinakI vilakSaNa kurAI va utkIrNana adyatana atulanIya hai / prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, rAjasthAnI va loka bhASAoM meM vidvAn jaina muniyoM ne maulika sAhitya sRjana kiyA / citrakalA kI dRSTi se isa kAla meM tAr3apatrIya granthoM, kASTha paTTakoM Adi para jaina citrakalA kI laghu zailI vikAsamAna huii| jaina sAdhuoM ne jaina dharma kA ujjavala pakSa prastuta kara, vibhinna samudAyoM ko jaina mata meM dIkSita hone ke liye pravRtta kiyA, phalasvarUpa 8vIM se 12vIM zatAbdI ke madhya kSatriya aura vaizyoM ke dvArA jaina mata svIkAra karane se, uttarI bhArata kI kaI mahattvapUrNa jaina jAtiyA~-osavAla, khaMDelavAla, poravAla, bagheravAla, jAyasavAla, pallIvAla Adi, tathA inake vibhinna gotra astitva meM Aye / jaina saMgha meM bhI 84 gacchoM kI utpatti huI / isa prakAra jaina dharma meM 8vIM se 12vIM zatAbdI taka sAhitya, kalA, sthApatya, jAti-nirmANa Adi vividha kSetroM meM, jainAcAryoM, zreSThiyoM, rAjAoM, rAjanItijJoM va zrAvakoM ke apUrva sahayoga se atyadhika unnati huI, ataH pUrva madhyakAla meM jaina mata kI prabhAvanA caramotkarSa para hone ke kAraNa hara dRSTi se ise "svarNakAla" mAnA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi muslima AkramaNa evaM tajjanita dharmAndha vidhvaMsa kA prArambha rAjasthAna meM 11vIM zatAbdI se hI ho gayA thA, kintu 13vIM zatAbdI se hameM parivartana kI eka naI

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dhArA dekhane ko milatI hai| dillI meM kendrIya muslima zAsana kI sthApanA se, zAsana-zakti ke AdhAra para muslima mata meM dharmAntaraNa, anya dharmAvalambiyoM kA utpIr3ana, vidhvaMsa Adi prArambha huye / kendra ke atirikta anya sthAnoM para bhI muslima sattA ke kendra vikasita huye| kaI nagara va bastiyA~ khAlI ho giiN| rAjasthAna meM rAjapUtoM kI choTI-choTI riyAsateM banane lgiiN| sAmAjika, Arthika, rAjanaitika va dhArmika kSetra meM parivartana kI bAr3ha A gii| yadyapi jainamata ko pUrvavat rAjapUta rAjAoM kA udAra saMrakSaNa milatA rahA aura isa kAla meM bhI isake jana prabhAva meM kamI nahIM huI , kintu asaMkhya jaina maMdira va mUrtiyA~, muslima-vidhvaMsa kI bAr3ha meM dhvasta ho gaye / jaina cintana para kucha kSetroM meM muslima prabhAva pdd'aa| jaina zAstroM kA punaH adhyayana kara muslima darzana se sAmaMjasya rakhane vAlA nayA amUrtipUjaka darzana zvetAmbara sampradAya meM loMkApaMtha va digambara sampradAya meM tAraNa paMtha ke nAma se astitva meM aayaa| yahI nahIM muslima zAsana kA astitva meM rahanA ina paMthoM ke liye itanA anukUla siddha huA ki uttara madhyakAla meM to ye jaina dharma kI pRthak rUpa se pramukha dhArA hI bana gye| mugala samrATa akabara ke kAla meM jaina dharma ke prabhAva meM kucha bar3hottarI huI / akabara eka udAra-cetA aura dharma-sahiSNu mugala zAsaka thaa| hIravijaya sUri aura jinacandra Adi jainAcAryoM se prabhAvita hokara, usane unheM kramazaH "jagadguru" aura "yugapradhAna" kI upAdhiyA~ dI thIM / jaina darzana ke prabhAva se usane kaI amAri ghoSaNAe~ karavAI va svayaM nirAmiSa hokara AkheTa Adi hiMsaka kRtya, apane jIvana ke pazcAtvartI kAla meM tyAga diye the| bhaviSyadRSTA jaina santoM ne muslima vidhvaMsa ke prahAroM ko dekhate huye, isa kAla meM maulika sAhitya sRjana kI apekSA mahattvapUrNa granthoM ke pratilipikaraNa aura zAstra-bhaNDAroM ke nirmANa para jora diyaa| isa kAla meM mUla granthoM para aneka bhASya, TIkAe~ va pratilipiyA~ taiyAra huI tathA kaI sthAnoM para grantha bhaNDAra sthApita kiye gaye / 13vIM se 16vIM zatAbdI taka rAjasthAna se jaina dharma ke svarUpa meM hameM kaI utAra-car3hAva dekhane ko milate hai| 17vIM zatAbdI se hI akabara kI mRtyu ke bAda kaTTarapaMthI muslima hAvI hone lage / jahA~gIra apane pUrvavartI zAsanakAla meM to jaina mata ke prati udAra thA, kintu bAda meM gujarAta meM, usane bhI jaina matAvalambiyoM ke prati utpIr3ana kA rukha pradarzita kiyA / auraMgajeba ne akabara kI dharma sahiSNutA kA DaTa kara badalA liyA aura apane kAla meM asaMkhya jaina pratimAnoM ko dhvasta kiyA, jisameM rAjasthAna ke bhI kaI jaina maMdira va pratimAe~ thiiN| uttara madhyakAla meM jaina mata meM aura naye paMtha vikasita hote rahe aura adhikAMza mahattvapUrNa sAhitya granthAgAroM meM surakSita rakha diye gye|| rAjasthAna ke vibhinna kSetroM meM jaina dharma viSayaka vipula sAmagro abhilekhoM, sAhitya,

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pratimAoM, bhagnAvazeSoM Adi ke rUpa meM bikharI par3I hai / inase prApta sUcanAoM ko saMyojita kara, samagra rUpa se prastuta karane kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai| isa saMdarbha meM DaoN0 ke0 sI0 jaina kA "jainijma ina rAjasthAna" yadyapi eka agraNI evaM prazaMsanIya zodhaparaka prayAsa hai aura isameM prAcIna kAla se adyatana, sudIrgha avadhi ke jaina itihAsa ke vibhinna pakSoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai, kintu rAjasthAna kA jaina itihAsa isa pradeza ke sAMskRtika itihAsa ke liye hI nahIM, apitu sampUrNa bhArata ke jaina itihAsa-nirmANa meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai, kyoMki jaina mata kI mahattvapUrNa jAtiyoM evaM gotroM kI utpatti va prasAra yahIM se huA, mahattvapUrNa jaina sAhitya adhikAMzaH yahIM racA gayA aura isI pradeza ke bhaugolika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa surakSita pradezoM meM kalA evaM sAhitya ke katipaya utkRSTa pratimAnoM ko surakSita rakhA gayA / itane mahattvapUrNa jaina itihAsa ko choTe kAlakhaNDoM meM bA~Takara samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kI AvazyakatA pichale kaI varSoM se anubhava kI jA rahI hai, ataH jaina dharma saMbaMdhI, rAjasthAna ke vibhinna konoM meM sudIrgha kAla se upekSita, ajJAta va achUtI par3I sAmagrI ko bhI, yathAzakya saMkalita kara, AlocanAtmaka, sUkSma nirIkSaNa ke uparAnta, naye tathya prApta karake, madhyakAla ke vibhinna kAlakhaNDoM meM, samekita rUpa se prastuta karane kA yaha tuccha evaM vinamra prayAsa isa zodha-prabaMdha ke dvArA kiyA jA rahA hai, tAki jaina dharma ke aparicita prabhAva kA aura adhika sahI mUlyAMkana kiyA jA sake aura 8vIM se 18vIM zatAbdI taka ke madhyakAla meM isake pracAra-prasAra, utkarSa-apakarSa, vidhvaMsa evaM jIrNoddhAra sambandhI gaveSaNAtmaka niSkarSoM se eka kramabaddha itihAsa sRjita ho sake / prastuta zodha-prabaMdha meM gaveSaNAtmaka sAmagrI ko, madhyakAla ke pUrvokta 3 kAla khaNDoM ke antargata agralikhita adhyAyoM meM vibhinna zIrSakoM ke antargata saMyojita kiyA gayA hai / prathama adhyAya meM jaina itihAsa sRjana ke srotoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM rAjasthAna ke vibhinna zAsakoM ke antargata jaina dharma kI aitihAsika bhUmikA kA vivecana hai / tRtIya adhyAya rAjasthAna meM jaina mata ke zvetAmbara evaM digambara sampradAyoM meM, vivecya kAla meM huI TUTana va alagAvavAdI paMthoM se sambandhita hai| caturtha adhyAya meM pratyeka kAlakhaNDa ke jaina tIrthoM evaM pavitra sthAnoM kA ullekha hai, jinakI rAjasthAna meM pracuratA rahI hai| paMcama adhyAya rAjasthAna kI jaina citrakalA, jaina mUrtikalA, rUpaprada aMkana va sthApatya vaibhava kI zailI kA AlocanAtmaka vivecana hai / SaSTha adhyAya meM jaina sAhitya sRjana kA svarUpa, vibhinna kAlakhaNDoM evaM zatAbdiyoM meM prayukta bhASAnusAra saMyojita hai / saptama adhyAya, zAstra bhaNDAroM arthAt sAhitya ke koSAgAroM se sambandhita hai aura aSTama adhyAya meM rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma kI bhUmikA kA mUlyAMkana va rAjasthAna tathA bhAratIya sAMskRtika jIvana meM isake yogadAna kA Akalana hai /

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( 10 ) zodhaprabaMdha ke lekhana meM jaina mAnyatAoM kI tulanA meM abhilekhIya evaM sAhityika pramANoM ko prAthamikatA dI gaI hai| yadyapi jaina srotoM meM vyApaka sUcanAe~ sannihita haiM, kintu ekamAtra inhIM kA Azraya lekara rAjasthAna ke laukika evaM sAMskRtika itihAsa se sambandhita anya srotoM va kRtiyoM kI bhI upekSA nahIM kI gaI hai / karnala TaoNDa, zyAmaladAsa, gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda ojhA, muzI devI prasAda, rAmanAtha ratanU , jagadIza siMha gahalota, paMDita gaMgA sahAya, DaoN. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla, DaoN0 raghuvIra siMha, hara vilAsa zAradA, DaoN. satyaprakAza, DaoN0 mathurAlAla zarmA, DaoN0 dazaratha zarmA, DaoN0 gopInAtha zarmA, DA0 vI0 esa0 bhArgava prabhRti vidvAnoM kI rAjasthAna se sambandhita zodhaparaka evaM anya kRtiyoM se bhI jaina dharma ke itihAsa viSayaka tathyoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| rAjasthAna ke jaina dharma sambandhI lekhana ke liye pUrNacandra nAhara, mani kAMtisAgara, muni jinavijaya, muni puNyavijaya, maho0 vinayasAgara, muni hastImala, zrI agaracanda nAhaTA, DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, DaoN0 narendra bhAnAvata, DaoN. kailAzacanda jaina evaM rAmavallabha somANI Adi suvikhyAta haiM / inakI racanAoM evaM kRtiyoM kI sAmagrI kA bhI yathocita upayoga kiyA gayA hai / katipaya videzI lekhakoM ne bhAratIya jaina dharma kA acchA adhyayana karake apanA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyA hai / inameM kaniMghama, phagysa na, harmana jekobI, buhalara, zubiga Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| inake abhimatoM ko bhI yathAvazyaka prayukta kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta arvAcIna zodha viSayaka prakAzita sAmagrI, navazodhita tathyoM, itihAsa paraka nibandhoM, zodha granthoM, navIna sAhityika va aitihAsika racanAoM, khyAtoM, rAsa va gotoM, smRti granthoM, patra-patrikAoM meM prakAzita vibhinna lekhoM Adi se bhI upayogI sAmagrI lI gaI hai / ____ navIna tathyoM kI gaveSaNA karane, prakAzita tathyoM kI prAmANikatA kA abhijJAna karane tathA jaina dharma ke pArthiva pratimAnoM ke pratyakSa avalokana ke nimitta, lekhikA ke dvArA rAjasthAna ke vividha kSetroM kA bhramaNa evaM sarvekSaNa bhI etadartha kiyA gayA aura tadviSayaka katipaya prAthamika tathyoM kA bhI saMkalana kiyA gayA hai, jinheM viSaya kI AvazyakatAnusAra yathAsthAna nirUpita kara diyA gayA hai| pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodhasaMsthAna ke nidezaka DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne isa grantha ke prakAzana kA dAyitva vahana kiyA etadartha maiM unake evaM saMsthAna ke prati apanA AbhAra vyakta karatI huuN| DA0 (zrImatI) rAjeza jaina

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viSayAnukramaNikA adhyAya 1 : sAdhana-srota 1-15 (a) purAtattva : (1) abhilekha-(ka) mandiroM ke punanirmANa evaM pratiSThA sambandhI lekha 3 (kha) pratimA lekha 4 (ga) anudAna sambandhI lekha 4 (gha) aitihAsika lekha 4 (Ga) saMgha yAtrA sambandhI lekha 5 (ca) anya lekha (cha) abhilekhoM meM prayukta san, saMvat / (2) mandira mUrtiyAM evaM smAraka 6 (ba) sAhitya : (1) sAhityika grantha 7 (2) aitihAsika kRtiyAM 8 (3) prazastiyA~ 8 (4) paTTAvaliyA~ 10 (5) vaMzAvaliyA~ 11 (6) tIrtha mAlAe~ aura tIrtha stavana 12 (7) sanada evaM patra 13 (8) vijJapti patra 13 (9) sacitra hastalekha / (sa) videziyoM ke dvArA kiyA gayA kArya evaM vRttAnta 15 adhyAya 2 : jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi 16-75 (a) pUrva madhyakAla 16 (1) pratihAroM ke antargata jainadharma 17 (2) cauhAnoM ke antargata jaina dharma 18 (3) cAvar3A tathA solaMkI rAjavaMza ke antargata jaina dharma 23 (4) paramAra rAjavaMza ke antargata jaina dharma 25 (5) hastikuNDI ke rASTrakUToM ke antargata jaina dharma 26 (6) zUrasena rAjavaMza ke antargata jaina dharma 27 (7) mevAr3a kSetra meM jaina dharma 29 (8) dakSiNa-pUrvI rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma 30 mADa kSetra meM jaina dharma 32 / (ba) madhyakAla 33 (1) mevAr3a meM jaina dharma 34 (2) vAgar3a pradeza meM jaina mata 40 (3) hAr3otI kSetra meM jaina dharma 43 (4) sirohI rAjya meM jaina mata 44 (5) jaisalamera kSetra meM jaina dharma 46 (6) jodhapura aura bIkAnera rAjyoM meM jaina mata 48 (7) jayapura rAjya meM jaina dharma 50 (8) alavara rAjya meM jaina dharma 52 /

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( 12 ) (sa) uttara madhyakAla 53 (1) mevAr3a meM jaina dharma 53 (2) DUMgarapura, bA~savAr3A aura pratApagar3ha rAjyoM meM jaina dharma 55 (3) koTA kSetra meM jaina dharma 55 (4) sirohI kSetra meM jaina dharma 56 (5) jaisalamera kSetra meM jaina dharma 57 (6) jodhapura evaM bIkAnera rAjyoM meM jaina dharma 58 (7) jayapura rAjya meM jaina dharma 60 (8) alavara rAjya meM jaina dharma 63 / (da) muslima zAsaka aura jaina dharma 64 (1) musalamAnoM dvArA kiyA gayA vidhvaMsa 64 (2) muslima zAsakoM kI jaina dharma ke prati sahiSNutA 69 / adhyAya 3 : jainadharma ke bheda aura upabheva 76-161 pRSThabhUmi : 76 (a) caityavAsI prathA 78 (1) zvetAmbara sampradAya meM caityavAsI prathA 78 (2) digambara sampradAya meM caityavAsI prathA 80 / (ba) bheda evaM upabheda 81; prayukta zabdAvalI 82; gaNa, gaccha 82 kula, zAkhA 82 / (1) pUrvamadhyakAla (ka) zvetAmbara sampradAya ke bheda-prabheda 83 (ka-1) pravartamAna gaccha 83 / (kha) digambara sampradAya meM bheda-prabheda 88 (kha-1) pravartamAna saMgha 88 1. mUlasaMgha 90; 2. mAthurasaMgha 93; 3. lADavAgar3a saMgha 94 / (2) madhyakAla 94 (ka) zvetAmbara sampradAya meM bheda-prabheda 94 (ka-1) pravartamAna gaccha 94 (ka-2) navIna sampradAya va pantha 108; 1. lokA sampradAya 108; 2. bIjAmata yA vijayagaccha 109; 3. kaDuA mata 109 (kha) digambara sampradAya meM bheda-prabheda 110 (kha-1) pravartamAna saMgha 110; 1. kASThA saMgha 110; kASThA saMgha ke lAr3abAgar3a gaccha ke madhyakAlIna AcArya 111; kASThAsaMgha ke bAgar3agaccha ke madhyakAlIna AcArya 112, kASThAsaMgha ke naMdI taTa gaccha ke madhyakAlIna AcArya 112; 2. devasena gaccha 113; 3. mUlasaMgha 113; bhaTTAraka gAdiyoM kA sthAnAntaraNa 115; IDara zAkhA ke madhyakAlIna bhaTTAraka 115; nAgaura zAkhA ke madhyakAlIna bhaTTAraka 115; ajamera zAkhA ke madhyakAlIna bhaTTAraka 115; dillI jayapura zAkhA cittaur3a sahita ke madhyakAlIna bhaTTAraka 116; bhaTTArakoM kA yogadAna 118 (kha-2)

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( 13 ) navIna sampradAya va pantha 120; 1. tAraNa pantha yA samaiyA pantha 120 2. bIsapanthI varga 121 3. vidhi mArga 121 / (3) uttaramadhyakAla 121 (ka) zvetAmbara sampradAya meM bheda - prabheda 121 ( ka - 1 ) pravartamAna gaccha 121 (ka-2) navIna sampradAya va paMtha 123 (kha) digambara sampradAya meM bhedaprabheda 125 ( kha - 1) pravartamAna saMgha 125 ( kha - 2) navIna saMpradAya va paMtha 130 niSkarSa evaM samAlocanA 131 / (sa) jaina jAtiyA~ evaM gotra - pRSThabhUmi 133 (1) osavAla 134 osavAloM ke gotra 135 (ka) kSetrIya prAdezika yA sthAnika gotra 136 ( kha ) vyAvasAyika gotra 137 (ga) vyaktioM ke nAmoM para AdhArita gotra 138 (gha) kuloM se parivartita gotra 140 ( Ga ) vizeSa kAryoM ke uparAnta nirmita gotra, gaccha evaM gotroM ke antarsambandha 142 ( 2 ) zrImAla 143 zrImAloM ke gotra 144 ( 3 ) poravAla 146 ( 4 ) pallIvAla 146 (5) khaNDelavAla jAti 147 ( ka ) kSatriyavaMzotpanna gotra 148 ( kha ) prAdezika gotra 148 ( ga ) vyAvasAyika gotra 149 (gha ) pada evaM upanAmoM para AdhArita gotra 150 ( 6 ) bagheravAla jAti 151 (7) agravAla jAti 151 (8) narasiMhapurA evaM jAyasavAla jAtiyA~ 153 (9) cittaur3A va nAgadA jAtiyA~ 153 (10) hummar3a jAti 153 (11) ghaTa vaMza 154 (12) zrImor3ha jAti 155 (13) gurjara jaina jAti 155 ( ka) zvetAmbara sampradAya ke antargata 156 ( kha ) digambara sampradAya ke antargata 157 ( ka ) zvetAmbara jaina jAtiyoM ke gotra 157 (kha) digambara jaina jAtiyoM ke gotra 158 (ka) bhojaka yA sevaka 158 (kha) mahAtmA yA matheNa 158; niSkarSa evaM samAlocanA 159 / adhyAya 4 : jaina tIrtha (a) pUrva madhyakAla (1) AbU tIrtha 164 ( ka ) vimala vasahi 1965 (kha) lUNavasahi 168 (ga) pitta-lahara yA jaina mandira, bhImAzAha 171 (gha) caumukhA yA pArzvanAtha jaina mandira 171 (Ga) kunthunAtha digambara jaina maMdira 172 (ca) mandira vardhamAna svAmI 172 (cha) acalagar3ha, mandira caumukhajI 173 (ja) AdinAtha mandira 173 () kunthunAtha mandira 173 ( ba ) zAMtinAtha mandira 174 (2) lodravA tIrthaM 175 (3) bagherA tIrthaM 176 (4) naraiNA tIrthaM 178 (5) bijauliyA tIrthaM 180 (6) nANA tIthaM 182 (7) 162-268

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( 14 ) mUgathalA tIrtha 183 (8) talavAr3A tIrtha 185 (9) madAra tIrtha 186 (10) morakhAnoM tIrtha 187 (11) phalaudI tIrtha 188 (12) jIrAvalA tIrtha 190 (13) kirADU tIrtha 194 (14) bhInamAla ( zrImAla ) tIrtha 194 (15) osiyA tIthaM 196 (16) mer3atA tIrtha 199 (17) jAlaura ( suvarNagiri) tIrtha 201 (18) sAMcaura tIrtha 204 (19) nAgadA, nAgadraha yA adrabhudajI tIrtha 206 (20) Ahar3a ( AghATapura ) tIrtha 207 (21) nAgaura tIrtha 209 (22) khaMDelA tIrtha 211 (23) hathUNDI (rAtA mahAvIra ) tIrtha 212 (24) nADola tIrtha 213 (25) koraTA tIrtha 214 (26) saMDerA tIrtha 215 (27) nADalAI tIrtha 216 (28) pAlI tIrtha 217 (29) kher3A tIrtha 219 (30) harasUra tIrtha 220 (31) raNathambhaura tIrtha 221 (32) barodA ( vATapadraka ) tIrtha 222 (33) jUnA tIrtha 223 (34) varamANa tIrtha 225 (35) candrAvatI tIrtha 227 (36) mIrapura tIrtha 228 (37) narahada tIrtha 229 (38) ArAsaNa tIrtha 230 (39) ghaMdhANI tIrtha 231 (40) muchAlA mahAvIra tIrtha (ghANerAva ) 232 (41) barakANA tIrtha 232 (42) kareDA pArzvanAtha tIrtha 233 (43) nAMdiyA tIrtha 234 (44) diyANA tIrtha 234 (45) aMjArI tIrtha 234 (46) loTANA tIrtha 235 (47) jhAlarA pATana tIthaM 235 (48) kezorAya pATana tIrtha 237 (49) caMvalezvara pArzvanAtha ( cUlezvara ) tIrtha 339 (50) cittaur3a tIrtha (citrakUTa ) 240 / (ba) madhyakAla 243 (1) jaisalamera kI paMcatIrthI 243 (ka) cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha mandira 244 (kha) sambhavanAtha mandira 247 (ga) zItalanAtha mandira 248 (gha) zAMtinAtha aura aSTApada mandira 248 (Ga) candraprabha svAmI mandira 249 (ca) RSabhadeva mandira 250 (cha) mahAvIra svAmI mandira 250 (ja) supArzvanAtha mandira 250 (jha) vimalanAtha mandira 250 (2) raNakapura jaina tIrtha 251 (3) RSabhadeva ( kesariyA jI) tIthaM 255 (4) nAkor3A pArzvanAtha tIrtha (nagara) 257 (5) rAvaNa pArzvanAtha tIrtha, alavara 259 (6) jAvara tIrtha 260 (7) devakula pATaka tIrtha (delavAr3A-mevAr3a) 261 (8) bhIlar3iyA tIrtha 262 / (sa) uttara madhyakAla 262 (1) zrI mahAvIra jI 262 (2) cA~dakher3I tIrtha 264 (3) kAparaDA tIrtha 266 (4) dayAla zAha kA kilA 267 (5) jaisalamera paMcatIrthI ke anya mandira evaM tIrtha 267 (ka) amarasara ke jaina mandira 267 (kha) brahmasara ke jaina mandira 268 (ga) devIkoTa ke jaina mandira 268 (gha) barasalapura ke jaina mandira 268 /

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( 15 ) adhyAya 5 : jaina kalA 269-329 (a) jaina citrakalA 269 (1) pUrvamadhyakAla (ka) bhitti citra 271 (kha) laghu citrazailI 271 (kha-1) sacitra tAr3apatrIya grantha 271 (kha-2) sacitra kAgaja grantha 272 (kha-3) sacitra vastra paTTa 272 (kha-4) kASTha phalaka 272 (2) madhyakAla (ka) bhitti citra 275 (kha) laghu citra zailI 276 (kha-1) sacitra tAr3apatrIya grantha 276 (kha-2) sacitra kAgaja grantha 278 (kha-3) sacitra vastra paTTa 279 (kha-4) kASTha phalaka 280 (kha-5) sacitra vijJapti patra 280 (3) uttara madhyakAla (ka) bhitti citra 280 (kha) laghu citra zailI 281 (kha-1) sacitra tADapatrIya graMtha 281 (kha-2) sacitra kAgaja graMtha 281 (kha-3) sacitra vastra paTTa 283 (kha-4) kASTha phalaka 285 (kha-5) sacitra vijJapti patra 285; niSkarSa evaM vizeSatAe~ 286; sacitra tADapatrIya granthoM kI vizeSatAe~ 286; sacitra kAgaja ke granthoM kI vizeSatAe~ 287; jaina laghu zailI ko sAmAnya vizeSatAe~ 288 (ba) jaina mUrtikalA 291 jaina pratimAoM kI sAmAnya vizeSatAe~ 291 (1) pUrva madhyakAla 293 (ka) prastara pratimAeM 293 (kha) dhAtu pratimAeM 295 (2) madhyakAla mUrtiyA~ 302; AcAryoM kI 12. yantroM kI pUjA 392; 13. dAniyoM va saMrakSakoM kI mUrtiyA~ 302; 14. hindU devI-devatAoM kI mUrtiyA~ 303; rAjasthAna ke jaina prastara mUti kalA kendra 303; rAjasthAna ke jaina dhAtu mUrti kalA kendra 304 (sa) jaina sthApatya kalA 305 (1) pUrva madhyakAla (ka) 8vIM se 9vIM zatAbdI ke jaina sthApatya pratimAna evaM vizeSatAeM 305 (kha) 11vIM se 13vIM zatAbdI-svarNa kAla 310; anya mandira 314 (2) madhyakAla 317; caturmukha evaM samavasaraNa zailI ke mandira 319; anya jaina mandira 321 (3) uttara madhyakAla 322 (da) jaina rUpaprada kalA 323 (1) sajjAMkana 323 (2) takSita pratimAe 323 (3) varNanAtmaka rUpAMkana 326 (ya) jaina kalAniSkarSa evaM samAlocanA 326 / (ka) prastara pratimAe 297 (kha) dhAtu pratimAeM 298 (3) uttara madhyakAla (ka) prastara pratimAeM 298 (kha) dhAtu pratimAe 299; tIrthakaretara mUrtiyA~ 299 (1) devI-devatA 299 (2) sarasvatI (3) ambikA 300 (4) padmAvatI 300 (5) anya yakSiyA~ 300 (6) cakrezvarI 301 (7) saccikA devI 301 (8) marudevI 301 (9) yakSa 301 (10) kubera 302 adhyAya 6 : jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra 330-418 (a) pUrva madhyakAla (1) prAkRta sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra 322 prAkRta

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zilAlekha 340 (2) apabhraMza sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra 340; apabhraMza evaM abhilekha 343 (3) saMskRta sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra 343; saMskRta abhilekha 347 (4) rAjasthAnI bhASA sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra 348 (5) hindI sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra 349 (ba) madhyakAla (1) prAkRta bhASA sAhitya evaM , sAhityakAra 350 (2) apabhraza sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra 352 (3) saMskRta sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra 355 saMskRta abhilekha 380 (4) rAjasthAnI bhASA sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra 370 (ka) padya sAhitya 370 (ka-1) purANa sAhitya 375 (kha) rAsaka sAhitya 375 (ga) gIta evaM stavana 375 (gha) kathA sAhitya 375 (Ga) pUjA sAhitya 376 (kha) gadya sAhitya 381 rAjasthAnI bhASA evaM abhilekha 383 (5) hindI bhASA sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra 383 (sa) uttara madhyakAla (1) prAkRta bhASA sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra 384 (2) apabhraMza bhASA sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra 384 (3) saMskRta sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra 384 (4) rAjasthAnI bhASA--sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra 392 (ka) padya sAhitya 393 (kha) gadya sAhitya 403 (6) hindI gadya-padya sAhitya evaM sAhitya kAra 406 niSkarSa evaM samAlocanA 415 / adhyAya 7 : jaina zAstra bhaNDAra 419-460 ___ mahattva evaM vizeSatAe~ 420; jainAcAryoM kA yogadAna 423; rAjanayikoM dvArA saMrakSaNa evaM yogadAna 424; vyApAriyoM evaM zreSThiyoM kA yogadAna 426; jaina samAja kA yogadAna 426; rAjasthAna ke prasiddha zAstra bhaMDAra (a) jodhapura saMbhAga ke jainazAstra bhaNDAra (1) jaisalamera ke jaina grantha bhaNDAra 427 (ka) bRhad jJAna bhaNDAra jaisalamera 428 (kha) kharataragaccha kA paMcAyatI bhaNDAra 428 (ga) paMcAnau zAstra bhaNDAra 429 (gha) tapAgaccha jJAna bhaNDAra 429 (Ga) bar3A upAsarA jaina jJAna bhaNDAra 429 (ca) loMkAgacchIya jJAna bhaNDAra 429 (cha) thAharUzAha jJAna bhaNDAra 429 (2) harisAgara jJAna bhaNDAra, lohAvata 430 (3) bhaTTAraka grantha bhaNDAra, nAgaura 430 (4) jodhapura ke grantha bhaNDAra 431 (5) phalaudhI ke grantha bhaNDAra 431 (6) rAjendra sUri zAstra bhaNDAra, Ahora 431 (7) jaina zAstra bhaNDAra, kucAmana siTI 431 (8) dhanArI kA zrIpUjya jJAna bhaNDAra 432 (9) tiloka vijaya jJAna bhaNDAra, mohabbata nagara 432 (10) jayavijaya jJAna mandira, sirohI 432 (11) kevalavijaya jJAna bhaNDAra, kAlandrI 433 (12) zrImatI paMkubAI jJAna mandira, zivagaMja 432 (13) sohanalAla paTanI nijI saMgraha, sirohI 432 bIkAnera saMbhAga : (1) bIkAnera ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAra 433

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( 17 ) (2) gaMgAzahara kA zAstra bhaNDAra 437 (3) curu ke do pustakAlaya 437 (4) rAjagar3ha kA osavAla pustakAlaya 437 (5) jaina zve0 terApanthI sabhA kA grantha bhaNDAra, saradAra zahara 437 (6) bhInAsara kA jJAna bhaNDAra 437 (7) kAlU grAma ke saMgraha 437 (8) nauhara 437 (9) sUratagar3ha 437 (10) hanumAna gar3ha 438 (11) rAjadelasara 438 (12) ratanagar3ha 438 (13) bIdAsara 438 (14) chApara 438 (15) sujAnagar3ha 438 (16) riNI 438 (17) anya saMgraha 438 uparokta bhaNDAroM ke durlabha grantha 438 (sa) ajamera saMbhAga : (1) jayapura 439 (ka) Amera zAstra bhaNDAra 439 (kha) bar3A mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra 440 (ga) pAMDyA lUNakaraNa kA grantha bhaNDAra 440 (gha) bAbA dulIcanda kA zAstra bhaNDAra 440 (Ga) badhIcanda jaina mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra 441 (ca) TholiyA jaina mandira kA grantha bhaNDAra 441 (cha) pATaudI jaina mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra 442 (ja) candraprabhu sarasvatI bhaNDAra 442 (jha) jobanera mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra 443 (na) pArzvanAtha digambara jaina sarasvatI bhavana 443 (Ta) godhA mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra 443 (Tha) zvetAmbara jaina grantha bhaNDAra, jayapura 444 (2) nayA mandira kA grantha bhaNDAra 444 (Dha) caudhariyoM ke digambara jaina mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra 444 (Na) kAlA chAbar3A jaina zAstra mandira 445 (ta) megharAja jI mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra 445 (tha) yazodAnanda jaina mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra 445 (da) vijayarAma pAMDyA digambara jaina mandira kA zAstra bhaMDAra 445 (dha) digambara jaina mandira saMghIjI kA zAstra bhaNDAra 445 (na) lazkara ke digambara jaina mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra 446 (pa) lAla bhavana sthita vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra 446 (ka) anya bhaNDAra 446 (2) (ka) digambara jaina terApanthI mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra, basavA 446 (kha) digambara jaina paMcAyatI mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra, basavA 446 (3) zAstra bhaNDAra, bhAdavA 447 (4) bhaTTAraka zAstra bhaNDAra, ajamera 447 (5) grantha bhaNDAra alavara 447 (6) bharatapura ke zAstra bhaNDAra : (ka) paMcAyatI mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra 448 (kha) phaujUrAma digambara jaina mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra, bharatapura 448 (7) DIka zAstra bhaNDAra 448 (ka) paMcAyatI mandirakA zAstra bhaNDAra 448 (kha) bar3A paMcAyata digambara jaina mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra 448 (ga) jaina mandira purAnI Doga kA zAstra bhaNDAra 449 (8) kAmA ke zAstra bhaNDAra 449 (ka) digambara jaina khaNDelavAla mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra 449 (kha) agravAla paMcAyatI mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra 4 (9) bayAnA ke zAstra bhaNDAra 449 (10) vaira ke zAstra bhaNDAra

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( 18 ) 450 (11) karaulI ke zAstra bhaNDAra 450 (12) hiNDauna ke grantha bhaNDAra 450 (13) zrI mahAvIra jI kA grantha bhaNDAra 450 (14) byAvara ke zAstra bhaNDAra 450 (15) sIkara kA grantha bhaNDAra 451 (16) dausA ke grantha bhaNDAra 451 (17) maujamAbAda kA zAstra bhaNDAra 451 (18) digambara jaina mandira zAstra bhaNDAra, narAyaNA 451 (19) digambara jaina mandira zAstra bhaNDAra, sAMbhara 452 (20) digambara jaina mandira zAstra bhaNDAra, dudu 452 (21) jaina zAstra bhaNDAra, jhuMjhunU 452 (22) grantha bhaNDAra, mAroTha 452 (23) digambara jaina agravAla mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra, phatehapura 452 (24) digambara jaina mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra, dUnI 452 (25) digambara jaina baravAla mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra, AvA~ 453 (26) jaina zAstra bhaNDAra, rAjamahala 453 (27) grantha bhaNDAra, ToDArAya siMha 453 (28) jaina zAstra bhaNDAra mAlapurA 453 (29) grantha bhaNDAra, ToMka 454 (da) udayapura saMbhAga : (1) udayapura ke zAstra bhaNDAra 454 (ka) saMbhavanAtha digambara jaina mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra 454 ( ga ) khaNDelavAla digambara jaina mandira kA (kha) agravAla digambara jaina mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra 454 zAstra bhaNDAra 455 (gha) gaur3I jI ke upAsare kA zAstra bhaNDAra 455 (Ga) anya 455 (2) digambara jaina mandira zAstra bhaNDAra, DUMgarapura 455 (3) yati bAlacaMdra vaidya kA saMgraha, cittaur3a 456 (4) bhaTTAraka yazakIrti jaina sarasvatI bhavana, dhuleva (kesariyA jI ) 456 ( da ) koTA saMbhAga 456 (1) (ka) kharataragacchIya zAstra bhaNDAra, koTA 456 ( kha ) vIraputra Ananda sAgara jJAna bhaNDAra, koTA 456 (ga) borasalI jaina mandira kA grantha bhaNDAra koTA 457 (2) bUMdI ke grantha bhaNDAra 457 (ka) digambara jaina mandira pArzvanAtha kA grantha bhaNDAra 457 (kha) digambara jaina mandira AdinAtha kA grantha bhaNDAra 457 (ga) digambara jaina mandira abhinandana svAmI kA zAstra bhaNDAra 457 (gha) digambara mandira mahAvIra svAmI kA zAstra bhaNDAra 457 (Ga) neminAtha digambara jaina mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra 458 (ca) sthAnakavAsI zAstra bhaNDAra 458 (3) naiNavA ke zAstra bhaNDAra 458 (ka) digambara jaina mandira bagheravAla kA zAstra bhaNDAra 458 (kha) digambara jaina terApanthI mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra 458 (ga) digambara jaina mandira agravAla kA zAstra bhaNDAra 458 ( 4 ) digambara jaina mandira zAstra bhaMDAra DabalAnA 458 (5) zAstra bhaNDAra, indragar3a 459 (6) jaina sarasvatI bhavana, jhAlarApATana 459 rAjasthAna ke anya zAstra bhaNDAra 459 / Those

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( 19 ) adhyAya 8 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma kA mUlyAM kana evaM yogadAna 461-476 (a) bhaugolika pariprekSya kA prabhAva 461 ( ba ) jaina saMskRti ke AdhArabhUta stambha 464 (1) jainAcArya yA zramaNa varga 464 (2) zreSThI varga 465 (3) mandira evaM Azraya 465 ( sa ) rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma ke yogadAna kA svarUpa 466 (1) naitika mUlyoM kI sthApanA 466 (2) ahiMsA kA darzana 466 (3) lokopakArI pravRttiyoM ko protsAhana 467 ( 4 ) sAttvika jIvana kI preraNA 468 (5) sarvadharma evaM prANI samabhAva 468 (6) saMghazakti evaM ekatA ko protsAhana 469 (7) sainika, prazAsanika evaM rAjanItika kSetra 469 (8) Arthika unnayana meM yogadAna 470 (9) zaikSika evaM bauddhika unnayana meM yogadAna 473 (10) sAhitya sRjana meM yogadAna 473 (11) sAhitya saMrakSaNa meM yogadAna 474 (12) itihAsa sRjana meM sahAyaka 474 (13) jaina jAtiyoM kA udgama sthala 475 (14) sthApatya kalA meM yogadAna 475 (14) mUrtikalA meM yogadAna 476 (15) citrakalA meM yogadAna 476 | sandarbha grantha sUcI 477

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zabda-saMkSepa aprajailesa ane0 asAvai ajailesa Asaieri Asari ie esiTArA erirAmyua ojAi khabRgu gAosi jabAbArAeso jabiuriso : abudAcala pradakSiNA jaina lekha saMdoha : anekAnta, dillI : abudamaMDala kA sAMskRtika vaibhava : abudAcala jaina lekha saMdoha : Arkiyolojikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA, enuala riporTa : Akiyolojikala sarve riporTa : iNDiyana enTIkverI : eMzyaNTa siTIja aiMDa TAunsa oNpha rAjasthAna : enuala riporTa rAjapUtAnA myUjiyama, ajamera : epigrAphikA iMDikA : osavAla jAti kA itihAsa : kharataragaccha bRhada gurvAvalI : gAyakavAr3a orienTala sirIja : jajarna oNpha da bAmbe brAMca oNpha dI rAyala eziyATika sosAiTI : janarala oNpha dI bihAra aiMDa ur3IsA risarca sosAiTI : jainijma ina rAjasthAna : jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa : jaina satya prakAza : jaina gurjarakavio : jaina grantha prazasti saMgraha : jaina grantha aura granthakAra : jaina zilAlekha saMgraha : jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka : jaina sAhityako saMkSipta itihAsa : jaina saMskRti aura rAjasthAna : jaina saMpradAya zikSA : jaina inskripzansa oNpha rAjasthAna : jaina sekTsa aiMDa skUlsa ; jaina grantha bhaNDArsa ina rAjasthAna jaiirA jaisAaui jaisA jaiguka jaigraprasa jaigrana zisa jaisaMzo jaisAsai jaisarA jaisaMzi jairA jaiseskU jaibharA

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jaisibhA jinacaMdrasmRna nAjalesa paprasa prAlesa pralesa prasa proriAsavesa prAjailesa bIjailesa bhapApai bhAdijaitI muhasmRga rAbhA ( 22 ) : jaina siddhAMta bhAskara : jinacaMga sUri aSTama zatAbdI smRti grantha : nAhara jaina lekha saMgraha : paTTAvalI prabaMdha saMgraha : prAcIna lekha saMgraha : pratiSThA lekha saMgraha : prazasti saMgraha : progresa riporTa oNpha Arkiyolojikala sarve, vesTarna sarkala : prAcIna jaina lekha saMgraha ( jinavijaya) : bIkAnera jaina lekha saMgraha : bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA itihAsa : bhArata ke digaMbara jaina tIrtha : muni hajArImala smRti grantha : rAjasthAnI bhAratI : rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM kI grantha sUcI : rAjasthAna kA jaina sAhitya : rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta vyaktitva evaM kRtitva : rAjasyAna ke itihAsa ke srota : rAjasthAna thU da ejeja : vIra nirvANa smArikA : vIra zAsana ke prabhAvaka AcArya : vividha tIrtha kalpa : sekreDa buksa oNpha da IsTa : siMdhI jaina sirIja : zodha patrikA : zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra : zrImad vijaya rAjendra sUri smAraka grantha : zrI jina pratimA lekha saMgraha rAjaizAgrasU rAjaisA rAjasaMpa rAisro rAtha e vinismA vIzApraA vitIka sebuI sijaisi zopa zrabhama zrIvirAsmA zrIpralesa

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adhyAya prathama sAdhanasrota madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma kA bahuAyAmI vaibhava sampanna itihAsa rAjasthAna kI sAMskRtika virAsata kI eka amUlya dharohara hai| zuravIra evaM parAkramI rAjapUta rAjAoM kI udAra dhArmika nItiyoM ne, na kevala jaina dharma ke cAra pramukha stambha zrAvaka, zrAvikAoM, sAdhu evaM sAdhviyoM ko prazraya evaM saMrakSaNa diyA, apitu jaina dharma ke pracAraprasAra meM bhI mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyaa| jaina dharma ke sAMskRtika vaibhava ko caramotkarSa taka pahu~cAne kA zreya 8vIM se 12vIM zatAbdI taka ke vibhinna rAjapUta zAsakoM ko hai, to 11vIM se 17vIM zatAbdI taka ke muslima AkramaNoM se jaina dharma ke vividha pratimAnoM yathA-jaina tIrthasthala, sAhitya, kalA, mUrtiyoM, sthApatya Adi ko saMrakSaNa dene evaM surakSita bacAye rakhane kA zreya bhI vibhinna rAjapUta rAjAoM ko hI hai / muslima vidhvaMsa ke uparAnta mandiroM kA punaruddhAra karane, unake rakha-rakhAva Adi ke liye na kevala rAjAoM ne stutya prayAsa kiye, apitu jana-sAmAnya ne bhI aparimita sahayoga diyaa| bhramaNazIla jaina muniyoM ke naitika utthAna ke prayAsoM aura dharma meM nihita AdarzavAda, tyAga, sAdA jIvana evaM jJAnamayI paramparA ke kAraNa, loka kalyANakArI kArya bahuvidha sampanna hote rhe| vastutaH madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma loka jIvana ko gati pradAna karane vAlI mahattvapUrNa dArzanika, dhArmika evaM sAMskRtika zakti rahI hai| jaina matAvalaMbiyoM ne rAjyAzraya pAkara jaina dharma ko puSpita pallavita kiyA / yahI nahIM, unhoMne apanI bauddhika pratibhA se rAjya kI nItiyoM ko bhI prabhAvita kiyA aura kaI zAsakoM ko apanI kUTanIti, raNacAturya aura prazAsanika kuzalatA se lAbhAnvita kara apUrva svAmibhakti kA bhI paricaya diyaa| rAjAoM aura zrAvakoM ke anukUla sAmaM. jasya ke kAraNa jaina dharma kI prabhAvanA meM nirantara vRddhi huI tathA isa yukti ke pariNAma svarUpa mandira nirmANa, mUrtikalA, citrakalA tathA sAhitya sRjana ke kSetra meM apAra pragati huI / jaina sAhitya dhArmika hote huye bhI, apane kalevara meM aitihAsika, bhaugolika, sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika jJAnakoSa sameTe huye haiN| rAjasthAna ke vibhinna mandiroM va upAzrayoM meM sthita, jJAta va ajJAta grantha bhaNDAroM kI vizAla va pracura sAhitya-sampadA, zodha ke vibhinna AyAma prastuta karatI hai| bar3I saMkhyA meM tAr3apatrIya grantha, hastalikhita grantha tathA prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza evaM hindI Adi bhASAoM meM racita grantha bhASA ke vikAsa ke vibhinna sopAna pradarzita karate haiM tathA tatkAlIna samAja ke vibhinna pahaluoM

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2 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadhamaM ko chupAye huye haiM / prastuta zodha prabandha meM etadarthaM nimnalikhita aitihAsika srotoM ko AdhAra banAyA gayA hai (a) purAtattva : purAtAttvika sAmagrI kI upalabdhi kI dRSTi se rAjasthAna paryApta samRddha rahA hai / sAmAnyatayA, yaha kalpanA kI jAtI hai ki rAjasthAna kI bhaugolika vizeSatAoM evaM atizayatAoM ke kAraNa, yahA~ mAnava kI sAMskRtika upalabdhiyA~ nagaNya rahI hoMgI, lekina sthAnIya purAtAttvika srotoM kI vipula upalabdhi isa bhrAnti kA nirAkaraNa kara detI hai / madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma ke vibhinna sopAnoM ke adhyayana aura itihAsa sarjana ke liye yaha sAmagrI vizvasanIya va prAmANika mAnI jAtI hai, kyoMki saMzaya kI avasthA meM purAtattva hI itihAsa kI aneka zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna prastuta karatA hai / purAtattva sAmagrI bhI punaH do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kI jA sakatI hai : (1) abhilekha : abhilekha atIta ke mUlyAMkana evaM pariNAmoM ke dRSTikoNa se sarvAdhika prAmANika evaM vizvasanIya sAdhana haiM / yahA~ taka ki sAhityika srotoM meM pradatta tathyoM kI puSTi yadi abhilekhoM se hotI hai, to ve tathya prAmANika mAne jAte haiM / abhilekha isa prakAra anya sAdhanoM kI prAmANikatA kI kasauTI ke rUpa meM prayukta kiye jAte haiM / ye abhilekha pASANa zilAoM, stambhoM, prastarapaTTiyoM, bhavanoM, dIvAroM, patthara evaM dhAtu kI mUrtiyoM, tAmrapatroM, mandiroM ke bhAgoM evaM stUpoM Adi sthAnoM para utkIrNa milate haiM / ye saMskRta, prAkRta, rAjasthAnI, hindI aura milI-julI bhASAoM meM haiM / chaThI zatAbdI taka ke abhilekha brAhmI lipi meM, sAtavIM se nauvIM zatAbdI taka ke kuTila lipi meM aura tadanantara devanAgarI lipi meM milate haiM / inameM se adhikAMza abhilekha, vivecya kAla kI sAMskRtika, dhArmika, Arthika, sAmAjika va rAjanItika sthitiyoM para bRhad prakAza DAlate haiM / isake sAtha hI ye tatkAlIna zAsakoM ke astitva, kArya, vaMzAvaliyoM, upalabdhiyoM, dAna, vijaya, mRtyu, rAjAjJAoM, nirmANa kAryoM, durgoM kI sthiti, zAsakIya padAdhikAriyoM, mugala samrAToM evaM anya rAjAoM se rAjanItika aura sAMskRtika sambandhoM, aitihAsika ghaTanAoM kI tithiyoM tathA sAhityika sthiti ke bAre meM bhI prAmANika jAnakArI pradAna karate haiM / abhilekhoM se jaina dharma ke vistAra, unnati evaM itihAsa ke sambandha meM bhI paryApta sUcanAe~ milatI haiN| rAjasthAna ke adhikAMza jaina isase spaSTa hai ki rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma ko paryApta lokapriyatA prApta huI tathA sthAnIya zAsakoM kI bhI isa dharma ke prati sadbhAvanA rahI thI / mandira abhilekha yukta haiM /

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sAdhana srota : 3 yadyapi kisI zAsaka ke jaina matAvalambI hone kA pratyakSa ullekha kisI abhilekha maiM nahIM huA hai, lekina kisI jaina mata virodhI zAsaka kA ullekha bhI prApta nahIM hotA hai | vastutaH sthAnIya zAsana meM jaina matAvalambiyoM ko pratiSThita pada prApta the, ataH unake dvArA jaina dharma ko protsAhana diyA gayA / inhIM ke prabhAva se jaina dharma ko rAjakIya samarthana paryApta mAtrA meM prApta huA / isakA spaSTa ullekha jaina abhilekhoM se prApta hotA hai / yahA~ prApta hone vAle jaina abhilekhoM meM prAyaH muniyoM ke nAma, zrAvakoM ke nAma, mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA, mandira ke nirmANa athavA jIrNoddhAra kA ullekha milatA hai / inameM mandira ke nimitta diye gaye sthAyI dAna tathA niyamita anudAna kA bhI ullekha milatA / isa niyamita anudAna kI vyavasthA sthAnIya zAsakoM dvArA bhI kI jAtI thI / jaina abhilekhoM kA rAjasthAna meM pracalita jaina mata ke vibhinna saMgha, gaNa va gaccha-bhedoM kA satat itihAsa nirmita karane ke sandarbha meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai / pramukha evaM pratiSThita jaina AcAryoM kA nAmollekha evaM unakI ziSya paramparA kA ullekha bhI abhilekhoM meM upalabdha hotA hai / isake atirikta, vibhinna jAtiyoM evaM gotroM ke astitva evaM utpatti viSayaka jAnakArI bhI prApta hotI hai / moTe taura para rAjasthAna ke jaina lekhoM ko nimna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM ' : (ka) mandiroM ke punanirmANa evaM pratiSThA sambandhI lekha : mandiroM ke nirmANa, pratiSThA evaM jIrNoddhAra sambandhI lekha mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika tathya pradAna karate haiM / madhyakAla meM, 11vIM zatAbdI se hI jaina mandiroM ko muslima vidhvaMsa kA sAmanA karanA par3A, kintu jaina zreSThiyoM evaM rAjya-zakti ke dharmAnurAga ke kAraNa inakA bAra-bAra navInIkaraNa hotA rahA / kucha mandira pUrNataH dhvasta kara diye gaye / unakI jAnakArI bhI bhagnAvazeSoM va avaziSTa zilAkhaNDoM se jJAta hotI hai / cittaur3a kSetra meM, gambhIrI nadI ke pula meM, alAuddIna khilajI ke putra evaM gavarnara khijra khA~ dvArA kucha zilAlekha bhI cunavA diye gaye the, jo mahattvapUrNa jAnakArI ke srota haiM / kaI khaNDita evaM akhaNDita lekha purAgAroM meM bhI surakSita haiM / pUrvavartI kAla meM mandira kI nirmANa yojanA sAmAnya hotI thI, kintu 10vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt se inameM trika-maMDapa, raMga maNDapa, deva kulikAe~ Adi bhI banavAye jAne lage / alaMkaraNoM va sajjA kI pracuratA ke kAraNa eka hI zreSThI dvArA sampUrNa racanA karavAnA kaThina thA, ataH vibhinna vyaktiyoM dvArA choTe-choTe nirmANa kArya karavA kara lekha aMkita karavAne kI prathA prArambha ho gaI thI / pUrva - madhyakAla meM lekha aMkita karavAne ke koI nizcita mAnadaNDa nahIM the; bar3A nirmANa kArya karavAne ke 1. somANI, Ara0 vI0 - jaina iMskripzansa oNpha rAjasthAna, pR0 3 /

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4 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma uparAnta choTe se lekha meM isakA sandarbha dene kA udAharaNa bhI hai jaise - vimala vasahi meM pRthvIpAla ke dvArA 1149 I0 meM vRhata navInIkaraNa va parivarddhana kA ullekha eka paMkti ke lekha meM hI hai / isI prakAra lUNa vasahi ke jIrNoddhAra ko pethar3a kumAra dvArA sampanna karavAne kA bhI choTA abhilekha upalabdha hotA hai / madhyakAla va uttara madhyakAla meM aise lekhoM meM apekSAkRta adhika vivaraNa diye jAne lage the / (kha) pratimA lekha : pratimAoM ke zilApaTTa yA caraNa caukI para utkIrNa lekhoM meM prArambha meM 'zrI' yA 'hrIM' likhA dekhane ko milatA hai / tithi yA to isake pazcAt yA sabase anta meM dI hotI hai / tadanantara, bahuta kama pratimAoM meM zAsakoM ke nAma dekhane ko milate haiM, anyathA pratimA sthApaka zreSThI parivAra kA vivaraNa aura usake bAda preraka jainAcArya kA nAma gaNa, gaccha, va kabhI-kabhI guru-ziSya paramparA sahita dekhane ko milatA hai / kucha pratimA lekhoM meM sUtradhAra kA nAmollekha bhI asAmAnya nahIM hai / dhAtu pratimAoM meM abhilekha pRSTha bhAga para utkIrNaM dekhane ko milate haiM / katipaya lekhoM meM sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa zreSThI, vyavahArI, vAstavya, upakeza, gaccha Adi zabdoM kA saMkSipta rUpa meM prayoga bhI dekhane ko milatA hai / (ga) anudAna sambandhI lekha : rAjAoM, zreSThiyoM evaM zrAvakoM dvArA pradatta anudAna sambandhI lekha lambI prazastiyoM va choTe lekhoM ke rUpa meM upalabdha hote haiM / rAjya parivAra - pradatta anudAna " suraha" kahe jAte haiM, jisakI utpatti "surabhi " ( icchA pUrNa karane vAlI devI gAya ) se huI hai / suraha lekha ke Upara sUrya, candra tathA nIce gAya va bachar3A pratIkAtmaka rUpa meM utkIrNa milate haiM / suraha lekha ke prArambha yA anta meM tithi, dAnadAtA yA rAjA kA nAma, vaMzavarNana, anudAna kA uddezya, lAbhAnvita hone vAloM kA vivaraNa tathA anta meM sAkSiyoM ke nAma va anudAna kA ullaMghana na karane kI cetAvanI do huI hotI hai / anudAna kA ullekha sAmAnyataH mandira kI dainika pUjA vyavasthA, prabandha, rathayAtrA, aSTAhnikA parva, kalyANaka parva, vArSika samAroha, dhUpa, tela, dIpa Adi kI pUrti tathA tIrthayAtriyoM ko karoM se mukta karane sambandhI dekhane ko milate haiM / anudAna nakada yA dravya ke rUpa meM hote the / maMDapikA zulka kA kucha hissA, vastuoM, pazuoM va vyApArika padArthoM ke AyAta-niryAta zulka kA kucha bhAga nizcita rAzi yA nizcita rAzi ke byAja Adi anudAna ke vibhinna svarUpa lekhoM meM dekhane ko milate haiM / (gha) aitihAsika lekha : jaina abhilekhoM kA uddezya aitihAsika ghaTanAoM kA aMkana karanA nahIM hotA thA / kintu lekhana kI paramparA ke mAnya siddhAntoM ke anupAlana 1. ayaM tIrthaM samuddhAroatbhuto akAri dhImatA zrImadAnaMda putreNa zrI pRthvIpAla maMtriNA " a0 jai0 le0 saM0, kra0 72 / 2 . vahI, kra0 382 /

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sAdhana srota : 5 meM aitihAsika tathya svayameva samAviSTa ho jAte the| aise lekha mukhyataH bar3I prazastiyoM aura chiTapuTa aitihAsika tathyoM vAle upalabdha hote haiN| bRhad prazastiyoM meM prArambha meM tIrthakara, zAsana devatA yA sarasvatI kA smaraNa hotA hai| "vimala vasahi" kA 1321 I0 ko ziva stuti' se prArambha hone vAlA lekha eka apavAda hai| stuti ke pazcAt usa kSetra ke rAjavaMza kA varNana, sambaddha kSetroM kA bhaugolika vivaraNa, jainAcAryoM kI guru ziSya paramparA, zreSThI vaMza kA vivaraNa, jAti, gotra, kula, nivAsa sthAna kA nAma, anya puNya kAryoM kA vivaraNa tathA sAdhuoM ke gaNa, gaccha Adi diye hote haiM / tatpazcAt anudAna kA svarUpa, lekha ke racanAkAra, lipikartA evaM sUtradhAra kA nAma tathA sarvAMta meM tithi dI hotI hai / sabhI prazastiyoM meM ukta krama kA anupAlana Avazyaka nahIM thaa| inameM se kucha tathya lupta bhI dekhane ko milate haiN| pUrva-madhyakAlIna abhilekhoM meM kevala varSa aMkita hotA thA, kintu bAda meM mAsa va tithi bhI aMkita kI jAne lagI / lekha ke anta meM ''itizubham" yA "cha" bhI aMkita dekhane ko milatA hai / (Ga) saMgha yAtrA saMbaMdhI lekha : jaina tIrthoM kI yAtrA ke nimitta caturvidha saMgha ke gaThana evaM vibhinna tIrthoM ke nAmollekha sahita kaI abhilekha dekhane ko milate haiM / kaI bAra aise ullekha svataMtra abhilekha meM nahIM, apitu kisI vaMza vizeSa kI upalabdhiyoM meM vaNita milate haiM / katipaya choTe lekha tIrthoM ke vyaktigata rUpa se darzana karane sambandhI bhI milate haiM / AbU meM isa prakAra ke 15vIM se 19vIM zatAbdI taka ke kaI lekha upalabdha hai, jo sAmAnyataH sthAnIya bhASAoM meM haiN| inase saMghapati, jainAcArya, vibhinna dhAvakoM, jAtiyoM, gotroM evaM tatsamaya ke lokapriya tIrthoM ke nAma jJAta hote haiN| (ca) anya lekha : jaina paramparAoM meM mandira ke sammukha kIrti stambha yA mAna stambha nirmita karavAne ke kaI udAharaNa haiN| inakA sarvaprathama ullekha 861 I0 meM maNDora aura rohiMsakUpa meM kIrti stambha nirmita karavAne kA milatA hai| bagheravAla jIjA aura isake putra puNyasiMha dvArA nirmita cittaur3a kA jaina kIrti stambha rAjasthAna ke mahattvapUrNa smArakoM meM se haiM / digambara jainAcAryoM ke avazeSoM para nirmita smAraka "niSedhikA" kahalAte haiN| inake Upara aMkita lekha rAjasthAna meM 10 vIM zatAbdI se hI upalabdha haiN| inameM divaMgata AcArya kA nAma, vidhi Adi aMkita hotI hai| satI lekha aura jujhAra 1. a0 ja0 le0 saM0 kra. 1 / 2. vahI, kra0 174-183, 379-406 / 3. ei, ji0 8. pR0 87 / 4. ane; apraila, 1969 /

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6 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma lekha jaina abhilekhoM meM bahuta kama dekhane ko milate haiN| 10vIM se 17vIM zatAbdI ke madhya ke nainavAM va bIkAnera se aise kucha lekha prApta haiN|' (cha) abhilekhoM meM prayukta san, saMvat : rAjasthAna ke adhikAMza jaina abhilekhoM meM "vikrama saMvat" kA prayoga huA hai / jaisalamera se 14vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva prApta lekhoM meM "bhaTrika saMvat"2, tadanantara bhaTTika va vikrama saMvat donoM kA tathA kucha samaya pazcAt ke lekhoM meM kevala vikrama saMvat kA prayoga dekhane ko milatA hai| cittaur3a se prApta paramAra naravarmA kAlIna abhilekha ke alAvA "zaka saMvat' kA prayoga sAmAnyataH jaina abhilekhoM meM nahIM miltaa| gujarAta meM lokapriya rahe "siMha saMvat' kA bhI kahIM-kahIM prayoga dekhane ko milatA hai| "siMha saMvat" 31 kA nADalAI abhilekha prasiddha hai / jaina paramparAnusAra "vIra nirvANa saMvat" kA prayoga bhI kaI lekhoM meM dekhane ko milatA hai / __jaina abhilekhoM kI khoja, sampAdana, prakAzana evaM saMgraha kI dRSTi se pUrNacandra nAhara, muni jinavijaya, muni jayanta vijaya, agaracanda nAhaTA, daulatasiMha lor3hA, mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara, ke0 sI0 jaina, rAmaballabha somANI Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / isa prakAra jaina abhilekha paryApta mAtrA meM prakAza meM lAye jA cuke haiM aura nirantara lAye jA rahe haiN| (2) maMdira, mUrtiyAM evaM smAraka : madhyayugIna jaina mandira, mUrtiyA~ evaM smAraka tatkAlIna dharma, sabhyatA evaM saMskRti ke darpaNa hai| vibhinna prakAra ke bhavana, prAsAda, sabhA maNDapa, AvAsIya gRha, caitya, Adi apane mUla rUpa meM yA bhagnAvazeSa rUpa meM apane pichale itihAsa ko prakAzita karate haiM / apane sAdhAraNa svarUpa meM to ye kalAtmakatA hI darzAte haiM, kintu vizeSa adhyayana ke uparAnta tatkAlIna dhArmika avasthA kA bhI paricaya dete haiM / jainapUjA-paddhati aura dhArmika vizvAsoM ko jAnane meM ye bahuta sahAyaka haiN| mandira aura unameM utkIrNa aneka mUrtiyAM tatkAlIna sabhyatA, saMskRti, dhArmika vizvAsa aura kalA ke gaurava kA samyaka citraNa karatI haiN| isI prakAra kaI nagaroM ke bhagnAvazeSa kAla vizeSa ke vAstu, nagara-nirmANa tathA zilpa-zailiyoM ke sAkSI haiN| prAcIna imAratoM kI prAcIroM, bhittiyoM, pASANapaTTiyoM evaM makAnoM ke khaMDaharoM se, sAmAjika sthiti kA acchA bodha hotA hai / mandira evaM mUrtiyAM, vAstukalA evaM mUrtikalA kA parijJAna hI nahIM karAte, varan apane vikAsa kI kahAnI bhI kahate haiN| inase jana-jIvana kI jhalaka ke sAtha-sAtha samAja kI vicAra1. varadA, ji0 14, saM0 4, pR0 11-14 / 2. iNDiyana hisTrI kvATaralI, sitambara, 1959, pR0 227-238 / 3. somANI, Ara0 vI0-vIrabhUmi cittaur3a, pR0 219-220 / 4. prAjelesa, bhAga 2, kra0 324 /

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sAdhana srota : 7 dhArA kA bhI pratinidhitva hotA hai / ye smAraka jaina devAlayoM kI samRddhi, jaina samAja Arthika sampannatA evaM ucca sAmAjika pratiSThA ke bhI sUcaka haiM | ( ba ) sAhitya : madhyakAlIna jaina sAhitya na kevala jaina dharma ke avabodhana ke liye, apitu rAjasthAna ke timirAcchanna atIta ko Aloka patha para lAne ke liye bhI ati mUlyavAna hai / bhAratIya sAhitya - paramparA ke nirmANa meM jaina muniyoM evaM racanAkAroM kA yogadAna nirantara evaM akSuNNa rahA hai / saMskRta se lekara prAkRta, apabhraMza tathA anyAnya dezyabhASAoM taka jainoM kI sRjana salilA kA pravAha kabhI nahIM sUkhA / jaina sAhitya jitanA pracura hai, utanA hI prAcIna bhI; jitanA parimArjita hai, utanA hI viSaya vaividhyapUrNa bhI; aura jitanA praur3ha hai, utanA hI vividha zailI sampanna bhii| jaina sAdhaka sadaiva dezakAla evaM tajjanya paristhitiyoM ke prati jAgarUka rahe haiM / unakI aitihAsika buddhi kabhI suSupta nahIM rahI; aura yahI kAraNa hai ki dhArmika evaM sampradAya mUlaka sAhitya sRjana karate huye bhI ve dezakAla se sambandhita apanI racanAoM meM sAMskRtika evaM aitihAsika tathya de gaye haiM, jinakA yadi vaijJAnika paddhati se adhyayana kiyA jAya to bhAratIya itihAsa ke kaI timirAcchanna pakSa Alokita ho uThe / vividhatIrtha - kalpa, prabhAvaka caritra, prabandha koza, kathAe~, vijJapti patra, prAcIna tIrthaM mAlAeM, tIrtha stavana, gacchoM evaM saMghoM kI paTTAvaliyoM, prazasti saMgraha, pratiSThA lekha Adi aisI upalabdhiyA~ haiM, jo madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma kI sudRr3ha evaM samRddha paramparA kI dyotaka haiM / sAtha hI inase tatkAlIna bhaugolika, sAMskRtika evaM rAjanItika dhAraNAoM kA prAmANika vivecana bhI prApta hotA hai / (1) sAhityika grantha : paripUrNa hai, jo jaina dharma ke ", " AcArAMga sUtra" aura / rAjasthAna meM racita jaina prArambhika jaina sAhitya pUrNarUpeNa dharma evaM darzana se siddhAntoM kI AdhArabhUmi nirmita karatA hai / " kalpasUtra " uttarAdhyayana sUtra " jaina mata ke AdikAla ke paricAyaka haiM sAhityika kRtiyA~ inake uttaravartI kAla ko haiM / ye kRtiyA~ rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma kI sthiti para acchA prakAza DAlatI haiM / bArAM ( koTA jilA ) meM 10vIM zatAbdI meM padmanandI racita "jambUdvIpapaNNatti", 779 I0 meM jAlaura meM udyotanasUri racita " kuvalayamAlA", 1370 I0 meM jayAnanda racita "pravAsagIti kAvya", 1486 I0 meM somacarita gaNI racita " guruguNa ratnAkara kAvya" aura 18vIM zatAbdI meM meghavijaya racita " digvijaya mahAkAvya" vizeSa mahattvapUrNa sAhityika kRtiyA~ haiM / " 1. jaiirA, pR0 4 /

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8 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma (2) aitihAsika kRtiyA~ : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna ke vibhinna rAjavaMzoM ke utthAna, patana evaM astitva ko nizcita niSkarSoM taka pahu~cAne meM bhI jaina aitihAsika kRtiyAM mahatvapUrNa haiM / hemacandra sUri racita "dvayAzraya" evaM "triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra" cAlukya kAlIna jaina dharma ke itihAsa ke liye upayogI haiM / 1304 I0 meM prabhAcaMda sUri racita "prabhAvaka caritra" evaM ajJAta AcArya dvArA saMkalita "purAtana prabandha saMgraha" meM kaI jaina zAsakoM evaM muniyoM se sambandhita dhAraNAoM kA rocaka varNana hai| 15vIM zatAbdI meM jinaharSa racita "vastupAla caritra" aura 1511 I0 meM lAvaNya samaya racita "vimala caritra" isa kAla ke jaina santoM ke itihAsa sambandhI jAnakArI ke liye vizvasanIya srotra haiM / 852 I0 meM devasena racita "darzanasAra," digambara sampradAya meM saMghoM kI utpatti para prakAza DAlatA hai| 1336 I0 meM likhA gayA "upakezacaritra" jaina itihAsa ke anuzIlana ke liye upayogI hai| 1248 I0 meM jinapati upAdhyAya racita "yugapradhAnAcArya gurvAvalI" jaina santoM ke jIvana sambandhI tathyoM ke liye vizvasanIya srota hai| 17vIM zatAbdI meM jayasoma racita "karamacandra vaMzotkIrtana kAvyam" karamacandra ke jIvana sambandhI vizvasanIya sUcanAoM kI khAna hai; tathA bIkAnera rAjya meM jaina dharma ke astitva evaM prabhAva para kAphI prakAza DAlatA hai / 1349 I0 meM racita rAjazekhara ke "prabandha koza' meM kaI jaina sAdhu, kavi, rAjA aura anya vyaktiyoM kA jIvana vRtta hai| isake atirikta, haribhadra sUri kI "samarAiccakahA" tathA hariSeNa kA "bRhatkathAkoSa" Adi aise prabandha haiM, jinase tatkAlIna dhArmika, rAjanItika evaM sAmAjika jIvana para acchA prakAza par3atA hai| pUrva-madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna ke itihAsa ko samRddha banAne ke liye bhI ina prabandhoM kA upayoga atyanta vAMchanIya hai| (3) prazastiyA~ : inakI mahattA evaM upayogitA abhilekhoM ke sadRza hai / madhyakAla meM 8vIM evaM 9vIM zatAbdI se hI prazastiyAM likhI jAne lagI thiiN| unameM se jo surakSita raha pAI haiM, ve jaina itihAsa ke punanirmANa meM atyadhika mahatvapUrNa srota siddha huI haiN| jaina sAhityetihAsa nirmANa ke sandarbha meM bhI inakA yogadAna hai| 12vIM evaM 13vIM zatAbdI se inakA nirmANa sAmAnya rIti se hone ke kAraNa ye hameM mUlyavAna jAnakArI se lAbhAnvita karAtI haiN| inameM grantha kI nirmANa tithi, tatkAlIna zAsaka kA nAma, dAnadAtA va dAnagrahItA kA nAma, unake saMgha, gaNa, gaccha, guruoM ke nAma, dAnadAtA kI jAti, gotra, vaMzAvalI Adi kA ullekha hone se mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika tathya prApta hote haiN| pANDu1. caudharI, jI0 sI0-paoNliTikala hisTrI oNpha iMDiyA, pR0 3-4 / 2. vahI, pR0 3-4 /

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sAdhana srota : 9 lipiyoM kI kaI-kaI pratiyAM jana-audArya kI bhI sUcaka haiM / vijayasiMhasUri dvArA 1134 I0 meM viracita "upadezamAlA vRtti" evaM candrasUri dvArA 1136 I0 meM viracita "munisuvratacaritra" kI prazastiyoM se jJAta hotA hai ki pRthvIrAja prathama ne raNathambhaura ke jaina mandiroM para svarNa kalaza car3hAye the| "paMcAzaka vRtti" ko eka prati se hI hameM jJAta hotA hai ki kumArapAla ne 1150 I0 ke AsapAsa pAlI ko vijita kiyA thaa| AzAdhara racita "dharmAmRta TIkA" kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki AzAdhara ne mohammada gorI ke AkramaNa ke kAraNa mANDalagar3ha chor3akara dhArA nagarI ko prasthAna kiyA thaa| isI prakAra kI jAnakArI 1278 I0 meM racita "jinadatta caritra" kI prazasti se kavi lakSmaNa ke bAre meM tribhuvanagirI ko chor3ane ke sandarbha meM milatI hai| samaya sundara ko "aSTalakSa prazasti" se jinabhadra sUri dvArA jaisalamera, jAlaura, nAgaura Adi meM jJAna bhaNDAroM kI sthApanA kI jAnakArI milatI hai| inake dvArA cittaur3a, maMDora, talavAr3A Adi meM pratimAoM evaM mandiroM ke pratiSThA-samAroha sampanna karavAne kI jAnakArI bhI 1440 I0 kI "jaisalamera jinAlaya prazasti" se jJAta hotI hai| 1461 I0 meM racita "vardhamAna caritra" kI ekamAtra prati kI prazasti se khaMDelA ke zAsaka udayakaraNa ke bAre meM jJAta hotA hai / tijArA aura nAgaura ke khAnajAdA aura khAna zAsakoM ke kAla meM racita granthoM kI prazastiyAM unake itihAsa ke punanirmANa ke liye mahattvapUrNa haiM / 1490 I0 meM racita "Atmaprabodhana" kI prazasti bayAnA ke bAre meM tathA 1551 I0 meM racita "holi reNukA caritra" kI prazasti, sAMbhara va raNathambhaura ke itihAsa nirmANa kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiM / deg Amera meM 1712 I0 meM racita "harivaMza purANa" kI prazasti yahAM ke kile, bAjAra, janatA Adi ke bAre meM mahattvapUrNa tathya pradAna karatI hai / 11407 I0 meM malayagiri racita "saptati TIkA" kI prazasti ke zloka saMkhyA 12 meM mahArANA 1. gAosi, ji0 76, pR0 312-316 / 2. vhii| 3. jaisAoi, 10 344 / 4. ane, ji0 8, pR0 400 / 5. jaisapra, ji0 16, pR0 16 / 6. vhii| 7. isa grantha kI prati byAvara ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM hai| 8. esiTArA, pR0 15 / 9. isa grantha ko prati bayAnA ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM hai| 10. jainaprasa, saMkhyA 45 / 11. esiTArA, pR0 15 /

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10 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma lAkhA ke rAjya meM jAvara ke unnati karane evaM delavAr3A (mevAr3a) ke zreSThI kAnhA dvArA "vIra vihAra" va zAntinAtha mandira nirmita karavAne kA ullekha hai / 1499 I0 kI eka aprakAzita bRhat prazasti ke 127veM zloka meM, isake racayitA sAdhu rAjazIla kA nAma hai, jo agaracaMda nAhaTA ke anusAra bAda meM AcArya pada pAne para rAjaratna sUri khlaaye| isameM mevAr3a ke rAjAoM tathA jana caitya nirmAtA mantrI ke vaMza kA vivaraNa hone ke sAtha-sAtha kharataragaccha kI pippalaka zAkhA kI AcArya paramparA kA bhI acchA vivaraNa milatA hai| isa prazasti ke anusAra, isa zAkhA ke pravartaka jinavarddhana sUri ke paTTadhara jinacaMdra sUri haye the / unhIM ke samaya meM 1499 I0 meM yaha prazasti racI gaI / "aSTasaptatikA", cittaur3a ke mandira kI eka anya prazasti hai, jisameM kharataragaccha evaM caitya paripATI ke viSaya meM patA calatA hai| isa prakAra anyAnya kaI prazastiyA~ jainadharma aura bhAratIya sAhitya ke itihAsa nirmANa ke liye mahattvapUrNa srota haiN| (4) paTTAvaliyAM : ye bhI itihAsa nirmANa kI vizvasanIya srota haiN| jaina paTTAvaliyoM se, jaina guru paramparA evaM dhArmika sthiti kI jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| sAtha hI inase kaI rAjAoM ke nAma, nagaroM ke varNana, vyApArika sthiti Adi para bhI acchA prakAza par3atA hai / mahattvapUrNa paTTAvaliyAM-kharataragaccha paTTAvalI, tapAgaccha paTTAvalI, mUlasaMgha paTTAvalI, bhaTTAraka paTTAvalI, nandisaMgha paTTAvalI Adi haiN| inameM vibhinna jAtiyoM evaM gotroM ke utpatti viSayaka varNana bhI haiN| kharataragaccha paTTAvalI se hI patA calatA hai ki kaI mAhezvarI parivAroM ko jaina dharma meM dIkSita kiyA gayA thaa| upakezagaccha paTTAvalI osiyA~ ke bAre meM tathA koraMTagaccha paTTAvalI koraTA ke bAre meM upayogI jAnakArI detI haiN| ina paTTAvaliyoM meM jaina guruoM ke dhArmika kRtyoM ke sambandha meM to tathya prApta hote hI haiM, sAtha hI tatkAlIna aitihAsika jAnakArI bhI prApta hotI hai| udAharaNArtha, jinapAla upAdhyAya kI "kharataragaccha bRhada gurvAvalI" meM arNorAja, pRthvIrAja, samarAsiMha, jaisalamera ke karNadeva tathA sultAna kutubuddIna kA bhI varNana hai / prasaMgavaza 11vIM se 14vIM zatAbdI taka ke anya aitihAsika viSayoM kI bhI isameM carcA kI gaI hai| DUMgarapura se prApta eka prAcIna paTTAvalI meM 1. zopa varSa 37, aMka 2, apraila-jUna 1986, rAmaballabha somAnI kA lekha harikalaza kI tithi, pR0 38 / 2. somAnI, vIrabhUmi cittaur3a, pR0 271-275 / 3. esiTArA, pR0 16 / 4. ie, ji0 20, iNDiyana hisTorikala kvATaralI, ji0 26, pR0 233 /

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sAdhana srota : 11 * AcArya bhuvanakIrti ko 1451 I0 meM bhaTTAraka honA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jabaki kaI paTTAvaliyoM meM inheM bhaTTAraka honA svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA / " somakIrti racita "gurvAvalI" se kASThA saMgha ke itihAsa kA bodha hotA hai / yaha kRti sAhitya ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se bahuta mUlyavAna hai / mUlasaMgha paTTAvalI se AcAryoM kI vibhinna nagaroM meM gatividhiyoM kA bhI jJAna hotA hai / kSemendra kIrti racita bhaTTAraka paTTAvalI se bhI mahattvapUrNa jAnakArI prApta hotI hai / vividha gacchoM ko paTTAvaliyoM ke saMgraha ke rUpa meM cAra grantha vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / prathama - muni darzana vijaya dvArA sampAdita "paTTAvalI samuccaya", 2 bhAgoM meM hai / isake prathama bhAga meM kalpasUtra, nandIsUtra kI sthavirAvalo, tapAgaccha kI kaI paTTAvaliyA~, upakeza gacchIya paTTAvalI Adi tathA dvitIya bhAga meM kacchUlIgaccha, pUrNimAgaccha, Agamagaccha, bRhadagaccha evaM kevalAgaccha kI padyabaddha bhASA paTTAvaliyoM kA saMgraha hai / dvitIya grantha---- - mohana lAla desAI ke "jaina gurjara kaviyoM" ke bhAga 2 va 3 ke pariziSTa meM vibhinna paTTAvaliyoM kA gujarAtI meM sArAMza hai / tRtIya prayatna muni jinavijaya kA "vividha gacchIya paTTAvalI saMgraha " hai / isameM prAkRta, saMskRta, rAjasthAnI evaM gujarAtI Adi bhASAoM kI paTTAvaliyoM kA saMgraha hai / caturthaM prayAsa jaina itihAsavid muni kalyANavijaya kA "zrI paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha " hai, jisameM choTI-bar3I 64 paTTAvaliyoM kA sArAMza hai / " paTTAvalI prabaMdha saMgraha" meM loMkAgaccha kI sAta paTTAvaliyoMpaTTAvalI prabaMdha, gaNI tejasI kRta padya paTTAvalI, saMkSipta paTTAvalI, bAlApura paTTAvalI, aster paTTAvalI, moTA pakSa kI paTTAvalI aura loMkA gacchIya paTTAvalI; tathA sthAnaka -- vAsI paramparA kI dasa paTTAvaliyoM vinayacanda kRta paTTAvalI, prAcIna paTTAvalI, jIvarAja jI kI paTTAvalI, khaMbhAta paTTAvalI, gujarAta paTTAvalI, bhUdharajI kI paTTAvalI, marudhara paTTAvalI, mevAr3a paTTAvalI, dariyApurI saMgha paTTAvalI aura koTA paramparA kI paTTAvalI Adi kA saMgraha hai / inameM pradatta sUcanAe~ jainadharma ke itihAsa nirmANa kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiM / paTTAvaliyoM meM dI gaI jAnakArI pUrNarUpeNa prAmANika va spaSTa nahIM kahI jA sakatI hai, phira bhI AlocanAtmaka parIkSaNa ke uparAnta ye bahuta upayogI. sAdhana siddha hotI haiM / 5. vaMzAvaliyA~ : vaMzAvaliyA~ bhI jaina itihAsa ko jAnane meM bahuta upayogI siddha huI haiM / ye jaina samudAya meM utpanna hone vAle prasiddha vyaktiyoM ke jIvana para to prakAza DAlatI hI haiM.. 1. tArA maMgala - mahArANA kuMbhA aura unakA kAla, pR0 151 / 2. kAsalIvAla - rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 44 / 3. vahI, pR0 50 // 4. nAhaTA, agaracaMda - paTTAvalI prabaMdha saMgraha kI bhUmikA, pR0 37 /

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12 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma sAtha hI vibhinna jAtiyoM evaM gotroM kI utpatti evaM vikAsa ke sambandha meM bhI batAtI haiM / inase rAjanItika itihAsa kA nirmANa karane meM bhI sahAyatA milatI hai / rAjA mAladeva ne jodhapura ko zerazAha se tejAgaDhayyA kI sahAyatA se punapti kiyA thA, yaha tathya hameM eka vaMzAvalI se hI jJAta hotA hai / 16vIM se 18vIM zatAbdI kI osavAla vaMzAvaliyAM bIkAnera meM agaracaMda nAhaTA ke saMgrahAlaya meM haiM / jJAnasundara ke adhikAra meM bhI vaMzAvaliyoM kA acchA saMgraha thaa|2 inase maMdiroM evaM pratimAoM ke nirmANa tathA tIrthayAtrA ke liye gaThita saMghoM kA vivaraNa bhI milatA hai / 6. tIrtha mAlA aura tIrtha stavana : ye jaina muniyoM dvArA likhita evaM saMgrahIta vivaraNa haiM, jinheM ve vibhinna tIrthoM kI cAturvidha saMgha ke sAtha kI gaI dharmayAtrAoM ke samaya aMkita karate the| kaI bAra ve akele bhI yAtrA karate the| inameM tIrthoM ke nAma, unakA itihAsa, sambaddha camatkAra, tIrtha kA mahattva, mandiroM va pratimAoM Adi kA varNana hotA hai| 14vIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa jinaprabhasUri racita "vividhatIrthakalpa" aura saubhAgyavijaya tathA zIlavijaya kRta "tIrthamAlA" kucha jaina santoM kI jIvana jhA~kI prastuta karane kI dRSTi se bhI mahattvapUrNa haiN| inameM mandiroM ke nirmANa aura pratimAoM kI sthApanA kA vivaraNa bhI milatA hai| dhanapAla viracita, kavitA "satyapurIya mahAvIra utsAha" meM sAMcora, Ahar3a, zrImAla, koraTA aura naraiNA Adi tIrtha sthAnoM kA varNana hai, jo 10vIM zatAbdI meM astitva meM the| 12vIM zatAbdI ke siddharSi ke "sakala tIrtha stavana" meM tIrtha sthAnoM kI sUcI hai|4 1446 I0 meM racita "upadeza saptatikA" meM bhI kucha tIrthoM kA varNana hai|" jinavarddhana sUri racita "pUrva deza tIrtha mAlA", siddhasena sUri kA "sakala tIrtha stotra", zAMtikuzala viracita "gaur3I pAzvaM tIrthamAlA" bhI tIrthoM ke bAre meM mahattvapUrNa jAnakArI detI hai| dharmaghoSa gaccha ke padmAnaMda sUri ke ziSya harikalaza ne kaI dezoM kI yAtrAe~ kii| inake dvArA racita nimna tIrthamAlAe~ jJAta hai-kurukSetra tIrthamAlA, dakSiNa deza tIrthamAlA, gurjara sauraTha-deza tIrthamAlA, dillI mevAtI deza catya paripATI, bAgar3a deza tIrthamAlA, AdIzvara bInatI, jIrAvallA bInatI aadi| madhyakAla meM caitya 1. ane0, bhAga 2, saM0 6, pR0 249 / 2. esiTArA, pR0 16 / 3. jaisAsana, ahamadAbAda, 3 pR0 1 / 4. gAosi, ji0 76, pR0 156 / 5. esiTArA, pR0 13 / / 6. zopa, varSa 37, aMka 2, pR0 38 / 7. ye grantha abhaya jaina grantha bhaNDAra bIkAnera meM haiN|

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sAdhana srota : 13 yAtrA para jAne, vahA~ ke saMkhyA bhI aMkita kI sUri kI " jaisalamera paripATiyA~ bhI likhI giiN| inameM vibhinna saMghoM ke tIrtha mandiroM, unake nAmoM, avasthiti, dizA, yahA~ taka ki mUrtiyoM kI jAtI thI / inameM nAgaSi kI " jAlaura caitya paripATI", jinakuzala caitya paripATI", jayahemasI kI "citrakUTa paripATI, padmAnaMda sUri kI " nAgaura caitya paripATI" va " badanaura caitya paripATI" tathA " mer3atavAla paripATI" ullekhanIya haiM / " jIrAvalA, varddhanapura kI caitya paripATiyoM se jJAta hotA hai ki ye donoM sthAna kuMbhA ke rAjya meM the / kuMbhA ke samaya " pArzvanAtha stavana" tathA " nADalAI mahAvIra stavana"" race gaye, jinake racanAkAra ajJAta haiM / kanakasoma ke stavana se sirohI meM turAsAna khAna dvArA kiye gaye pratimAoM ke vidhvaMsa kI jAnakArI milatI hai / vinayaprabha kA "tIrthayAtrA stavana" bhI tIrthoM sambandhI tathyoM para paryApta prakAza DAlatA hai / 7. sanada evaM patra : samakAlIna itihAsa ko jAnane ke liye sanada evaM patra bhI eka vizvasanIya sAdhana haiM / madhyakAla meM rAjapUtAnA ke zAsakoM evaM jaina AcAryoM ke bIca patra-vyavahAra hotA thA / zAsakoM ne mandira nirmANa hetu jainAcAryoM ko bhUmi khaNDa AvaMTita kiye the tathA pUjA, prakSAlana Adi ke vyaya ke liye anudAna ityAdi bhI diye the, jinase sambandhita sanadeM jaina muniyoM ke adhikAra meM rahI haiM / sAtha hI jaina rAjanItijJoM kI sevA se prabhAvita hokara, vibhinna riyAsatoM ke zAsana pramukhoM ne unake dharma se sambandhita jo anudAna va riyAyateM pradAna kI thIM, unakI sanadeM bhI unake uttarAdhikAriyoM ke pAsa surakSita haiM / sthAI anudAnoM ke dAnapAtra, tAmrapatroM para bhI likhe hote the / pahale inameM saMskRta bhASA kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thA, kintu bAda meM sthAnIya bhASA kA prayoga kiyA jAne lagA / dAnapatra meM rAjA kA nAma, anudAna pAne vAle kA nAma, kAraNa, bhUmi kA vivaraNa, samaya, dAnadAtA kA nAma Adi kA ullekha hotA thA / 8. vijJapti - patra : jo sampradAya vizeSa keM vyatIta karane ke liye ye jaina muniyoM ko preSita eka prakAra ke nimantraNa patra the, jaina saMghoM dvArA muniyoM ko AgAmI cAturmAsa nizcita sthAna para preSita kiye jAte the / saMgha ke kisI sadasya ke karmoM va kAryakalApoM ke prAyazcita hetu ye Adeza patra ke rUpa meM, tathA sampUrNa mAnavatA ke prati sadbhAvanAe~ sampreSita karane ke liye bhI ye taiyAra kiye jAte the / vijJapti va Adeza patroM ko svataMtra sAhityika racanA ke rUpa meM sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai, phira bhI ye patra bhAratIya sAhitya kI amUlya nidhi 1. esiTArA, pR0 14 / 2 . tArA maMgala - mahArANA kuMbhA aura unakA kAla, pR0 150 / 4. vahI, pR0 150 / 5. bIjailesa, pR0 27 /

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14 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadhamaM haiM / tatkAlIna patra sAhitya, saMskRti aura kalA ke anyatama pratIka haiM / samasAmayika - mahattva kI rAjanaitika, sAmAjika aura dhArmika bAtoM kA prAmANika ullekha inameM milatA hai / katipaya patra to mahAkAvya kI saMjJA se abhihita kiye jA sakate haiM / ye patra tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM ke acche nidarzana to haiM hI, sAtha hI bhASA vijJAna kI dRSTi se bhI upAdeya haiM / anya kaI dRSTiyoM se bhI ye mahatvapUrNa haiM / ye sAmAnyatayA preSaka - samudAya ke bAre meM sacitra jAnakArI bhI dete haiM / sthAnIya itihAsa evaM ghaTanAoM ko jAnane ke dRSTikoNa se inakI mahatI upAdeyatA hai / inameM sthAnIya janatA ke vyApAra, vANijya, rojagAra, kalA evaM udyoga dhaMdhoM sambandhI sAmagrI hone se bhI ye lAbhakArI haiM / jaina kalA ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se bhI ye atyanta upayogI srota haiM / vijJapti patra jaina samAja kI santoM ke prati zraddhA bhAvanA ke dyotaka haiM, tathA tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM para vizada prakAza DAlate haiM / inase sthAna vizeSa kI bhaugolika vizeSatAoM kA jJAna bhI prApta hotA hai / ye mukhya rUpa se jaisalamera, cittaur3a, jodhapura, bIkAnera, udayapura, sirohI jaise nagaroM se preSita kiye jAte the / sacitra vijJapti patroM kI paramparA 16vIM zatAbdI se vijayasena sUri vAle patra se prArambha hotI hai / 3 akabara, jahA~gIra evaM zAhajahA~ ke samaya -inake nirmANa meM zAhI citrakAroM kA bhI upayoga kiyA jAtA thA / 9. sacitra hastalekha : bIkAnera, jayapura, nAgaura, jaisalamera Adi ke jaina grantha bhaNDAroM meM kaI sacitra hastalikhita grantha saMgrahIta haiM / ye jaina matAvalambiyoM kI sussaMkRta abhiruci evaM pariSkRta - kalA jJAna kA digdarzana karAte haiM / rAjasthAna meM citrakalA kI samRddhi meM jainoM kA aparimita yogadAna hai / nirmANa tithi aMkita hone ke kAraNa ye sacitra grantha jaina citra - kalA evaM prakArAntara se bhAratIya citrakalA kA itihAsa udghATita karate haiM, jisakA prArambha 12vIM zatAbdI kI kASTha paTTikAoM aura alaMkRta tAr3apatrIya pratiyoM se mAnA jAtA hai / vastrapaTTa para tIrthoM kA citraNa karane kI paramparA hone se tatkAlIna tIrthoM kI sthiti bhI spaSTa hotI hai / ina citroM se jaina-dharma ke sAMskRtika stara kA bodha hone - ke sAtha-sAtha citrakalA ke itihAsa, jaina dharma kA yogadAna, kalAkAroM ke nAma, raMgoM kA prayoga evaM saMyojana Adi tathyoM kA bhI jJAna hotA hai / bhaugolika vastra paTTa bhI vikrama kI 15vIM zatAbdI se barAbara banate A rahe haiM, jo jaina bhaugolika mAnyatAoM ko jAnane ke liye sacitra elabama haiM / 1. muhasmRga, pR0 855 / 2. vahI, pR0 855 / 3. nAhaTA, rAjasthAna vaibhava pR0 12 / 4. vahI, pR0 12 /

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sAdhana srota : 15 (sa) videziyoM ke kArya evaM vRtAnta : 10vIM zatAbdI se pUrva kI sthiti para prakAza DAlane vAle yUnAnI, cInI aura araba yAtriyoM ke vRtAnta haiM, jinase pazcimI bhArata meM jaina dharma kI bhUmikA kI svalpa jAnakArI milatI hai / madhyakAla meM muslima va phArasI itihAsakAroM kI kRtiyoM meM bhI jaina mata kA yatkicita sandarbha hai| uttara madhyakAla meM va usake bAda kaI videzI, vizeSataH yUropIya lekhakoM ne bhArata ke dharma, kalA, sAhitya, sthApatya, samAja, rItirivAja Adi ke bAre meM likhA hai, jisase bhI rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma kI aitihAsikatA para kucha prakAza par3atA hai / katipaya videzI lekhakoM ne to jaina dharma kA acchA adhyayana karake apanA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna bhI diyA hai| jarmanI ke harmana jekobI, viTaraniTja, pizela, glAzanepa, zubriga evaM elsaDorpha vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai / phrAMsIsI vidvAn gurnoTa aura oliviTa lekombe ke nAma bhI mahattvapUrNa haiM / aMgrejI lekhakoM meM zrImatI sTIveMsana ne bhI jaina dharma kA adhyayana karake mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyA hai| iTalI ke DaoN0 ela0 pI0 kaisI torI rAjasthAna aura usake sAhitya ke premI the| inakI zodha kA vivaraNa eziyATika sosAiTI ne prakAzita kiyaa| rAjasthAna ke sAhitya va itihAsa ke sambandha meM kucha aMgreja adhikArayoM ne bhI yogadAna diyA jinameM alekjeNDara kiloMka, pharsa, kaniMghama, kArlAila evaM gairika Adi mukhya haiM / pharsa ne AbU ne kaI zilAlekhoM kI nakale kI aura delavAr3A ke donoM jaina maMdiroM kI kArIgarI kA vRtAnta likhaa| bhArata sarakAra ke purAtattva vibhAga ke tatkAlIna adhyakSa, kaniMghama ne rAjapUtAnA ke kaI zilAlekhoM evaM zilpa Adi para prakAza DAlA hai / azoka ke kAla kA bairATha kA lekha, mahArANA kuMbhA sambandhI kaI tathyoM tathA kaI purAne sikkoM ko prakAza meM lAne kA zreya inako hI hai| kArlAila ne bhI kaI zilAlekhoM va sikkoM kA patA lgaayaa| gairika, cittaur3a ke kIrti stambha ko bacI huI do zilAoM tathA rAvala samarasiMha ke samaya ke 1273 I0 ke cittaur3a ke zilAlekha kA citra sarvaprathama prasiddhi meM lAye / nArmana, brAuna, binsenTa smitha, lepela griphina, mekaDonela, jI0 epha0 mUra, je0 phargyusana, DA0 goeTja, haoNvela Adi ne bhI apanI kRtiyoM meM bhAratIya jaina dharma ke pahaluoM ko ujAgara kiyA hai| jarmanI ke DA0 buhalara ne bhI isa pradeza ke aitihAsika zodha kArya meM apanA yogadAna diyA / jarmana vidvAna kIlahaoNrna, aMgreja vidvAna pITara pIsana, DA~0 veba, DaoN0 phlITa evaM sesila beDAla nAmaka vidvAnoM ne bhI rAjasthAna ke itihAsa kI kaI bAtoM ko prakAza meM lAne kA kArya kiyA, jisase madhyakAlIna jaina dharma kI sthiti para acchA prakAza par3atA hai| 1. jaiseskU pR0 1 / 2. rAbhA, apraila 1950 / 3. muhasmRga, pR0 630.640 /

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adhyAya dvitIya jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi jaina dharma kI paramparAoM, prAcIna abhilekhoM aura sAhityika pramANoM se jJAta hotA hai ki rAjasthAna pradeza meM jaina dharma vyApaka rUpa se pracalita thA / 7vIM, 8vIM zatAbdI se, rAjapUtoM ke utkarSa se hI, isa bhUpradeza meM jaina mata bahuta samRddha aura lokapriya huA yadyapi kisI rAjapUta zAsana ke jaina matAvalambI hone kA pratyakSa ullekha nahIM hai, lekina kisI jaina mata virodhI zAsaka kA ullekha bhI prApta nahIM hotA hai / mUlataH zaiva yA vaiSNava dharmI hote huye bhI, vibhinna sthAnIya rAjapUta zAsaka dharma - sahiSNu aura jaina mata ke udAra saMrakSaka the / sthAnIya zAsana meM jaina matAvalambiyoM ko pratiSThita pada prApta huye / unake pAdavihAra tathA vidvAna jainAcAryoM ke upadezoM dvArA, jaina mata niraMtara pracArita, prasArita hotA rahA / padAdhikAriyoM, vyApAriyoM tathA dharmAcAryoM ke prabhAva se rAjakIya samarthana pAkara anekoM maMdira nirmita huye, asaMkhya mUrtiyoM ke pratiSThA mahotsava sampanna huye tathA vibhinna bhASAoM meM vipula sAhitya , sRjita huA / puSTi hotI hai ki 11vIM abhilekhIya evaM sAhityika pramANoM se isa tathya kI zatAbdI ke pazcAt se satata hiMsA, yuddha, lUTapATa, Adi ke bAvajUda bhI ahiMsaka jaina dharma isa pradeza meM nirantara zAnti kI vRSTi karatA rahA aura vidvAna jainAcArya apane dharmopadezoM se jana-jIvana ke naitika aura AdhyAtmika unnayana meM lage rhe| aneka naI jaina jAtiyA~ evaM gotra nirmita huye / jaina saMgha bhI madhyakAla meM alagAva kI bhAvanA se grasta hokara kaI khaNDoM meM vibhakta ho gaye, kintu isa TUTana se jaina dharma ke matAnuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA meM kamI nahIM huI, apitu jaina dharma ko jIvaMta banAye rakhane kI pratispardhA svarUpa, aneka naye mandira nirmita huye, AcAryoM se mUrtiyA~ pratiSThita karavAyI gaI tathA mahattvapUrNa granthoM kI pratilipiyA~ muniyoM ko bheMTa svarUpa dI gii| jainAcAryoM ke prayAsoM se grantha bhaNDAra astitva meM Aye, jinameM amUlya sAhitya ko surakSita rakhane ke liye, bhAratIya saMskRti, sadaiva jaina dharma ke AcAryoM evaM zrAvakoM ko RNI rhegii| jainAcAryoM, jaina rAjanItijJoM evaM jaina zreSThI varga ke prabhAva se rAjapUta zAsaka hI nahIM, apitu kati - paya mugala zAsaka, jaise akabara, jahA~gIra Adi bhI isa dharma ke prati sahiSNu rahe aura samaya-samaya para jainAcAryoM ko sammAna dete rahe / (a) pUrva madhyakAla : rAjasthAna ke prArambhika rAjapUta vaMzoM meM mAravAr3a ke pratihAra, mevAr3a ke guhila, zAkambharI ke cauhAna, bhInamAla tathA AbU ke cAvar3A, sirohI, jAlaura mAlavA ka

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jaina dharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 17 vAgar3a ke paramAra, jaisalamera ke bhATI, pUrvI rAjasthAna ke zUrasena, nAgavaMza, taMvara vaMza, gaur3a vaMza Adi the| dharma ke sambandha meM, isa samaya ke zAsakoM ko "dharma pratipAla", "dharma parAyaNa" Adi kahA gayA hai / pUrva madhyakAla meM, rAjasthAna meM digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM sampradAya lokapriya the / bayAnA se prApta 1043 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM, zvetAmbara AcArya mAhezvara sUri kA ullekha hai| cittaur3a se prApta 1150 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM, digambara sampradAya ke jayakIrti ke ziSya rAmakIti kA ullekha hai| isa kAla meM aneka anya gacchoM kI sthApanA huI aura kaI nagara jaina dharma ke kendra bane / cAturmAsa meM sabhAoM evaM goSThiyoM ke Ayojana se dhArmika vAtAvaraNa kI saMracanA huii| jainAcArya haribhadra sUri ke prayAsoM se, cittaur3a jaina dharma kA mukhya kendra bana gayA thaa| inhoMne "anekAMta jayapatAkA", "dharmabindu" Adi granthoM kI racanA kara, jaina siddhAntoM ko lokapriya banAne kA prayAsa kiyaa| isake bAda udyotana sUri, siddharSi Adi jainAcAryoM ne bhI jaina mata kA bahuvidha pracAra kiyaa| 1. pratihAroM ke antargata jaina dharma : 7vIM zatAbdI se hI pazcimI rAjasthAna meM pratihAroM ke zakti sampanna ho jAne aura dharma, kalA, sAhitya ke prati inakI atyadhika udAratA ke kAraNa, jaina dharma kI bahuvidha pragati huii| jAlaura, ujjaina va kannauja se sambandhita pratihAroM kI zAkhA meM, nAgabhaTTa prathama kA jaina sAdhu yakSadeva se pragAr3ha sambandha thaa| isa vaMza ke cauthe pratihAra zAsaka vatsarAja ke samaya meM osiyA kA mahAvIra svAmI maMdira astitva meM thA / 956 I0 ke osiyA ke lekha meM, vatsarAja ke pura meM vaizya samAja kA honA vaNita hai| isake samaya meM, 778 I0 meM jAlaura meM "kuvalayamAlA" tathA 783 I0 meM AcArya jinasena ne "harivaMza purANa" kI racanA kI, jo usa samaya kI dhArmika, rAjanItika va sAmAjika sthiti para acchA prakAza DAlate haiM / 794 I0 meM vatsarAja kI mRtyu ke uparAnta nAgabhaTTa dvitIya zAsaka huA, jisakA jana prasiddha nAma "Ama" thaa| candraprabhasUri racita "prabhAvaka caritra" ke anusAra, Ama yA nAgavaloka eka hI zAsaka thA, jisane vaizya kI putrI se vivAha kiyA thA, jisake vaMzajoM meM se hI eka 1. ie, 14, pR0 8-10 / 2. ei, 2, pR0 421-424 / 3. rAtha e, pR0 420 / 4. Asaieri, 1908-09, pR0 108 / 5. nAjailesa, bhAga 1, kra0 788 / 6. rAthU e, pR0 124-134 /

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18 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma jaina vaMzaja karmAzAha ne 1530 I0 meM zatruJjaya tIrtha ko sthApanA kI thii|' nAgabhaTTa jainAcArya bappasUri kA bahuta sammAna karatA thaa| unake upadezoM se usane kaI sthAnoM para jina maMdira banavAye / lagabhaga 840 I0 meM mihira bhoja zAsaka banA, jisane bappasUri ke ziSyoM nannsUri aura govindasUri ke sazakta vyaktitva ke prabhAva se jaina dharma ko saMrakSaNa diyaa| maMDora ke pratihAra zAsakoM meM kakkuka, saMskRta kA bahuta vidvAn, parAkrarmA evaM jaina mata kA saMrakSaka zAsaka thaa| 861 I0 ke ghaTiyAlA abhilekha se spaSTa hai ki usane rohiMsakUpa evaM maNDora meM do kIrti-stambha banavAye the / rAjogar3ha ke pratihAra zAsakoM ne bhI jaina dharma ko saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyaa| alavara kSetra meM, rAjogar3ha se prApta 923 I0 kI sAgaranandi aura lokadeva dvArA racita prazasti meM ullekha hai ki pulInda rAjA ke Agraha se, dharkaTa vaMza ke zilpakAra sarvadeva ne, rAjogar3ha meM zAMtinAtha mandira va zAMtinAtha kI prasiddha naugajA pratimA kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| isa prazasti meM rAjA sAvaTa kA bhI ullekha hai / 960 I0 ke, yahIM se prApta eka anya lekha meM, rAjyapura (rAjogar3ha) para, pratihAsa gurjara sAvaTa ke putra mahArAjAdhirAja mathanadeva ke zAsana hone kA ullekha hai, jo mahIpAla kA sAmaMta thA / 2. cauhAnoM ke antargata jaina dharma : jaina dharma ko cauhAna zAsakoM kA bhI saMrakSaNa prApta huaa| 1105 I0 meM, pRthvIrAja prathama ne, apane zAsanakAla meM, raNathambhaura durga sthita jaina maMdiroM para svarNa kalaza banavA kara car3hAye the| isa ullekha se unakI jaina dharma ke prati udAratA hI nahIM, apitu raNathambhaura para Adhipatya bhI siddha hotA hai| inakA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI ajayarAja, parama ziva bhakta hote huye bhI jaina dharma ke prati atyadhika sahiSNu rahA / usane navasthApita ajamera nagara meM jaina maMdira nirmANa hetu svIkRti pradAna kI', evaM pArzvanAtha maMdira ke nimitta eka svarNa kalaza bheMTa kiyA / usane zvetAmbara AcArya dharmaghoSa sUri evaM digambara 1. prAjalesa, bhAga 2, kra0 12 / 2. rASa e, pR0 416 / 3. da hisTrI oNpha iMDiyA eja TolDa bAI iTsa ona pIpula, bhAga 1, pR0 316 / 4. jaizisa, kra. 15, pR0 18 / 5. ei, 3, pR0 266 / 6. erirAmyUa, 1934, kra0 4 / 7. kaiTelaoNga oNpha yainyuskripTsa ina da paTTana bhaNDAsaM, pR0 316 / 8. janamana, varSa 1, aMka 1, pR0 4 /

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jainadharmaM kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 19 muni guNacandra ke madhya zAstrArtha meM nirNAyaka kA bhI kArya kiyA thA / " isake uttarAdhikArI arNorAja athavA Anhaladeva kI kharataragacchIya jinadatta sUri ke prati agAdha zraddhA thI, jo 1133 I0 ke pUrva siMhAsanArUr3ha ho cukA thA / unake upadeza se usane jaina maMdira banavAne hetu eka ucita sthAna bhI pradAna kiyA thA / jinadattasUri kI mRtyu 1954 I0, ajamera meM huI evaM unakA nirvANa sthala "dAdAbAr3I" ke nAma se jAnA jAne lgaa| isake pazcAt rAjasthAna ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM kaI sthAnoM para inakI smRti meM dAdAbAr3iyoM kA nirmANa huA / Anhaladeva (arNorAja) ne, saMDeraka gaccha ke nADola sthita, mahAvIra maMdira kI pUjA ke nimitta dhUpa-dIpa kI vyavasthA hetu maNDapikA kI Aya meM se pratimAha 5 bhrama dene kI ghoSaNA kI thI / 3 1152 I0 meM arNorAja kA uttarAdhikArI bIsaladeva vigraharAja huaa| isane bhI jaina dharma ko apane pUrvajoM kI bhA~ti ucita prazraya diyA / usane jainiyoM ke liye bihAra banavAye tathA dharmaghoSa sUri Adi jainAcAryoM ke Agraha para ekAdazI ke dina jAnavaroM ke vadha para roka lagA dI / nADaula se prApta 1156 I0 ke tAmrapatra se jJAta hotA hai ki tIna jaina maMdiroM ke nirvAha ke liye, bAdarI nagara kI maNDapikA se pratidina eka rUpaka kA dAna diyA jAtA thA / 5 isake bAda aparagAgya evaM phira pRthvIrAja dvitIya kramazaH zAsaka bane / 1169 I0 ke bijauliyA abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki pRthvIrAja dvitIya ne bijauliyA ke pArzvanAtha maMdira ke nimitta, maurakurI nAmaka gA~va dAna meM diyA thA / pRthvIrAja dvitIya kA uttarAdhikArI, usakA cAcA somezvara huA, jo arNorAja kA putra thA, usane svargaM prApti kI icchA se revA nadI ke taTa para sthita pArzvanAtha maMdira ko revAnA grAma kI sampUrNa Aya dAna kI thii| apanI vyaktigata zUravIratA se, vaha "pratApa laMkezvara" nAma se bhI prasiddha hai / somezvara kA uttarAdhikArI, 1979 I0 meM pRthvIrAja tRtIya huA / vaha dhArmika vAkyuddhoM ko pasanda karatA thA / usake darabAra meM 1982 I0 meM jinapati sUri aura upakezagacchIya caityavAsI padmaprabhu ke madhya eka vAda-vivAda kA Ayojana huA jisameM jinapati sUri vijayI rahe / " jaina granthoM se jJAta hotA hai ki inake eka mantrI thA, 1. kaiTelaoNga oNpha menu0 ina da paTTana bhaNDArsa, pR0 316 / 2. khabRgu, pu0 16 / 3. ei, 11, pR0 47 / 4. kaiTelaoNga oNpha da menu0 ina da paTTana bhaNDArsa, pR0 370 / 5. ie, 41, pR0 202 / 6. ie, 31, pR0 19 / 7. ei, 24, pR0 84 / 8. khabugu, pR0 25-33 /

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20 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadhamaM rAmadeva ne jaina saMgha ke saMcAlakoM ko eka sandeza prasArita kara anurodha kiyA thA ki ve jaina mUrtiyoM ko reta ke TIle meM chipAkara rakheM, tAki dharmAndha vyaktiyoM se unakI rakSA ho sake / cauhAnoM kI eka zAkhA ne nADaula meM 960 I0 se 1252 I0 taka thaa| cauhAna azvarAja, solaMkI zAsaka kumArapAla ke adhInastha thA / svIkAra kara liyA thA aura use saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyA thA / isane apane pAlana ke lie kucha nizcita dinoM para jIva hiMsA kA niSedha ghoSita kara rakhA thA / rAjya meM ahiMsA azvarAja ne apane putra kaTukarAja ko sevAr3I grAma jAgIra ke rUpa meM diyA, jahA~ kA mahAvIra kA jina maMdira khyAti prApta thA / sevAr3I se prApta 1110 I0 ke zilAlekha meM, azvarAja ke rAjyakAla meM pradatta dAna kA vivaraNa hai| isa anudAna ke anusAra padrAr3A, meMdracA, chechar3iyA evaM meMddaDI gA~va ke pratyeka kue~ vAle kisAna ko eka hAraka yava (jau) dharmanAtha deva kI dainika pUjA-arcanA hetu, mahAsthAnIya uppalarAka dvArA samIpATI - maMdira meM dene kA Adeza thA / 1115 I0 meM aMkita dUsare zilAlekha meM varNita hai ki kaTukarAja ne 8 drama vArSika kA anudAna thallaka ko diyA thA, tAki vaha zivarAtri ke dina khattaka meM pratiSThita zAMtinAtha kI pUjA kara sake / 2 1130 I0 ke, nADalAI ke mahAvIra maMdira ke lekha ke anusAra, morakarA gA~va se ghANaka tela se cauhAna patrA ke putra binasarA ne kalaza ke nApa kA tela anudAna meM diyaa| cauhAna rAjA rAyapAla bhI jaina dharma kA mahAn saMrakSaka thA / 1132 I0 ke nADalAI zilAlekha se, rAyapAla ke donoM putroM, rudrapAla evaM amRtapAla tathA unakI mAtA, rAnI mAnaladevI ke dvArA nADalAI ke bAhara ke jaina santoM ko, prati ghANI do pallikA tela anudAna ke rUpa meM diye jAne kA ullekha hai / isakI sAkSI meM kucha vyaktiyoM ke nAma bhI diye huye haiM tathA dAna kI avahelanA karane vAle ke liye, eka hajAra gAya tathA brahma hatyA pApa batAyA gayA hai / * 1138 I0 meM, rAyapAla ke rAjyakAla ke, nADalAI se hI prApta eka anya abhilekha meM, guhilavaMzIya uddharaNa ke putra Thakkura rAjadeva dvArA neminAtha kI pUjA ke nimitta, nADalAI meM Ane-jAne vAle lade huye vRSabhoM para liye jAne vAle kara kA dazamAMza pradAna karane kA ullekha hai / " 1143 I0 kA, nADalAI ke AdinAtha maMdira kA lekha, yahA~ zAsana kiyA isane jaina dharma 1. kanayanayaniya mahAvIra pratimA kalpa, somANI - pRthvIrAja cauhAna aiMDa hija TAimsa, pR0 89 / 2. ei, 11, pR0 30-32 / 3. nAjailesa, 1, kra0 842, pR0 212 / 4. ei, 11, pR0 34-35 / 5. vahI, pR0 37-41 /

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 21 sampanna hue utsava meM rAyapAla kI upasthiti kA varNana karatA hai, jisake anusAra rAula rAjadeva ne usa samaya apanI mAtA ke kalyANa tathA dharma ke nimitta eka viMzopaka va do pallikA tela pradAna kiyA tathA isa paramparA ko tor3ane vAle ko strI hatyA va bhrUNa hatyA ke pApa kA bhAgI btaayaa| mahArAjA rAyapAla ke hI zAsanakAla ke, 1145 I0 ke, nADalAI ke AdinAtha maMdira ke zilAlekha meM, ThAkura rAvata rAjadeva ke dvArA mahAvIra caitya ke sAdhuoM ke nimitta dAna kI vyavasthA kA ullekha hai| kirADU ke abhilekha se patA calatA hai ki solaMkI kumArapAla ke sAmaMta, mahArAjA Anhaladeva ne 1152 I0 meM, apane svAmI ke anugraha se kirAtakUpa, lAtarahada aura zivA gAMva jAgIra meM prApta kiye| yaha bhI jaina dharma ke prati sahiSNu thA evaM agASa zraddhA bhI rakhatA thaa| etadartha, usane ukta gAMva meM mahAjanoM tathA tAmbUlikoM ke santoSa tathA svayaM ke AdhyAtmika unnayana ke liye, pratimAsa aSTamI, ekAdazI evaM caturdazI ko pazu hiMsA kA niSedha kara diyA thA tathA isakA ullaMghana kara, pazu vadha karane yA pazu hiMsA kA kAraNa banane vAle ke liye usane gambhIra daNDa kA prAvadhAna ghoSita kara diyA thaa| ahiMsA ke isa Adeza kA sammAna aura pAlana karane ke liye brAhmaNa, purohita aura mantrI bhI pratibaddha the| yadi inameM se koI aparAdha karatA hai to usake Upara pAMca drama kA jurmAnA tathA yadi aparAdhI rAjA ke nikaTa samparka kA hai to usa para eka drama jurmAne kA prAvadhAna nizcita kiyA gayA thaa| alhaNa evaM kelhaNa ke nADaula dAna patra se vidita hotA hai ki unhoMne rAjaputra kIrtipAla ko bAraha gAMva diye the tathA 1160 I0 meM, nADalAI meM, sUrya evaM mAhezvara kI ArAdhanA kara, snAnoparAnta, kIrtipAla ne bAraha gAMvoM meM se pratyeka grAma kI ora se nADalAI ke mahAvIra mandira hetu, do drama vArSika dAna kI ghoSaNA aMkita karavAI thii| 1171 I0 ke nADola anudAna meM vivaraNa milatA hai ki mahArAjA alhaNadeva ne, sUrya evaM IzAna kI pUjA karake tathA brAhmaNa, guruoM ko upahAra bheMTa karake tadanantara, nAgaura ke saMDeraka gaccha ke mahAvIra jaina mandira ko, nADola talapaTa kI zulka maMDapikA se pAMca drama kI rAzi pratimAha anudAna ke rUpa meM dene kI ghoSaNA kI thii| alhaNa ke uttarAdhikArI evaM putra kalhaNadeva ne bhI jaina dharma ke vikAsa meM yogadAna diyA thaa| sAMDerAva ke mahAvIra devAlaya ke 1164 I0 ke lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki kalhaNadeva kI rAnI Anala ne, mandira ke bhoga ke liye eka hAela kA anudAna diyA thaa|" 1164 I0 kA sAMDerAva zilAlekha batAtA 1. ei, 9, pR063-66 / 2. ei, 9, pR0 159 / 3. ei, 11, pR0 43-46 / 4. ei, 9, pR0 66-70 / 5. nAjailesa, bhAga 1, kra0 883, pR0 229 /

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22: madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma hai ki kalhaNadeva kI mAtA ne, mahAvIra mandira ke caitya meM hone vAle kalyANika utsava ke nimitta, rAjakIya bhoja se eka hAela jvAra pradAna kI / isake atirikta rASTrakUTa pAna, kalhaNa va unake bhatIjoM-uttamasiMha, sadraka, kAlhaNa Ahar3a, Asala, aNatiga Adi ne isI nimitta, talArakha kI Aya se eka drama dAna diyaa| isI utsava ke liye rathakAra dhanapAla, sUrajapAla, jIpAla, sIMgaDA, amiyapAla, jisahar3a, dolhaNa Adi ne bhI jvAra kA eka hAela arpita kiyaa|' kalhaNa deva ke zAsanakAla ke 1176 I0 ke lAlarAI ke eka jaina mandira ke 18 paMktiyoM ke lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki rAjaputra lakhanapAla va abhayapAla tathA rAnI mahAdevI ne, grAma paMcoM ke samakSa, zAntinAtha kI rathayAtrA ke utsava ke nimitta, bhAdiyAtra va grAma ke purahAri rahaTa se gujarAtI nApa ke eka hAraka yava pradAna kiye| lAlarAI ke zAntinAtha ke mandira ke 1176 I0 ke zilAlekha se vidita hotA hai ki nANaka grAma ke svAmI, rAjaputra lakhanapAla evaM abhayapAla ke adhInastha kRSaka bhIMvar3A, AzAdhara va anyoM ne, tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha se sambaddha gurjaroM ke utsavoM ke liye, 4 sera jo apane kheta khADisirA se Atma kalyANArtha bheMTa kiyA thA / 1176 I0 ke nADaula ke lekha ke anusAra, kalhaNa ke rAjya meM, nANaka bhauktA, rAjaputra lakhana Adi parivAra ke dvArA, pratyeka raha~Ta se paidAvAra kA kucha bhAga zAntinAtha kI yAtrA ke nimitta, grAma ke paMcakula ke sammukha anudAna diyA gyaa|4 1179 I0 ke, sAMDerAva ke pArzvanAtha mandira ke lekha meM, kalhaNadeva kI rAnI jAlhaNa devI ke dvArA apanA ghara pArzvanAtha ko bheMTa meM dene kA ullekha hai|" ___kIrtipAla ne cauhAnoM kI rAjadhAnI nADaula se jAbAlipura (jAlaura) sthAnAntarita kI, jahA~ se bhI jaina dharma ke utthAna ke aneka ullekha prApta hote haiM / sattA meM Ane se pUrva bhI isane jaina mandiroM ko niyamita anudAna diye the| mahArAjA alhaNa ke pautra evaM kIrtipAla ke putra, mahArAjA samarasiMha ke rAjyakAla ke, 1182 I0 ke jAlaura zilAlekha ke anusAra, zrImAla parivAra ke seTha yazovIra ne, apane bhAI evaM goSThI ke samasta sadasyoM ke sAtha eka maNDapa nirmita karavAyA thaa| yazovIra samarasiMha ke uttarAdhikArI udayasiMha kA mantrI bnaa| cauhAna mahArAjA samarasiMha ke Adeza se, 1. ei, 11, pR0 46-47 / 2. ei, 11, pR0 49-50 / 3. vahI, pR0 50-51 / 4. nAjailesa, 1, kra0 892, pR0 231 / 5. ei, 11, pR. 51-52 / 6. vahI, pR0 52-54 / .

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 23 bhaNDArI yazovIra ne, kumArapAla dvArA nirmita pArzvanAtha mandira kA punaruddhAra 1985 I0 meM jAlaura meM karavAyA thA / " osiyA se prApta 1188 I0 ke lekha ke anusAra yazodharA nAmaka mahilA ne mahAvIra kI rathazAlA ke nimitta apanA ghara bheMTa meM diyA / 1 isa prakAra cauhAnoM ke udAra rAjyakAla meM pUrva madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna ke mAravAr3a, ajamera, bijauliyA evaM sA~bhara ke kSetroM meM jaina dharma kA utkarSa aura prasAra huA thaa| cauhAna zAsakoM ne jainetara dharma ke anuyAyI hone para bhI ve sahiSNutA vaza jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI bhI arcanA karate rahe tathA jaina matAvalambiyoM ke utsavoM meM bhAga lekara jaina prajA ke prati sauhArdra kA paricaya dete rahe / (3) cAvar3A tathA solaMkI rAjavaMza ke antargata jaina dharma : cAvar3A tathA solaMkI zAsakoM ne bhI jaina mata ko saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyA / ina rAjavaMzoM ke kAla meM jaina dharma kA atyadhika pracAra huA / yadyapi, ye zAsaka mUlataH zAkta the, kintu jainAcAryoM ke prati atyadhika Adara va sahiSNutA kA bhAva rakhate the / katipaya zAsakoM ne svayaM jaina dharma ke pracAra meM sakriya sahayoga diyaa| prasiddha jainAcArya hemacandra ke caritra, pAMDitya evaM prabhAva ke kAraNa jaina mata kA gujarAta va rAjasthAna meM atyadhika prasAra huA thA / vidvattA evaM jIvana meM zucitA kI dRSTi se hemacandra ko zaMkarAcArya ke tulya mAnA jA sakatA hai / anhilavAr3A ke saMsthApaka, vanarAja ne cAvar3A vaMza kI sthApanA kI thI / vanarAja ne zIlaguNa sUri ko apanI rAjadhAnI meM AmaMtrita kiyA tathA apanA sampUrNa rAjya vaibhava sUri jI ke zrIcaraNoM meM arpita karane kI tatparatA vyakta kI / zIlaguNa sUri ke prati atyadhika zraddhA kA kAraNa yaha bhI batAyA gayA ki vanarAja bAlyAvasthA meM jaMgala meM pAlane meM soyA huA thA, taba sUri jI ne usake zArIrika lakSaNoM ko dekhakara, usake rAjA hone kI bhaviSyavANI kI thI / niHsvArtha, tyAgI aura tapasvI sUri jI ne dAna ke isa prastAva ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA, kintu sUrijI ke AdezAnusAra vanarAja ne ahilapura pATana meM paMcAsara nAmaka mandira kA nirmANa karavAkara pArzvanAtha kI pratimA pratiSThita kI thI / vanarAja ne apanI rAjadhAnI meM basane ke liye zrImAla tathA marudhara deza ke anya sthAnoM ke jaina vyApAriyoM ko bhI nimaMtrita kiyA thA / antima vaMzaja se lagabhaga 942 I0 meM mUlarAja solaMkI ne mUlarAja zaktizAlI zAsaka thA, jisake rAjya meM sArasvata, " vanarAja cAvar3A ke sattA hastagata kara lI / 1. proriAsavesa, 1908-09, pR0 55 / 2. nAjailesa, 1, kra0 806, pR0 98 / 3. prabandhacintAmaNi, vanarAja prabandha, pU0 15 /

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24 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma satyapuramaMDala, kaccha evaM saurASTra ke bhAga sammilita the / yaha jaina mata kA mahAn saMrakSaka thA tathA isane "mUlarAja vasahikA' nAmaka jaina mandira nirmita karavAyA thaa|' siddharAja jayasiMha evaM kumArapAla ke jaina dharma ke prati anurAga evaM udAtta vicAradhArA ke kAraNa, jaina mata kA utthAna evaM prasAra adhika teja huaa| jayasiMha yadyapi zaiva thA, tathApi jaina dharma ke prati usakI udAratA prazaMsanIya thii| jayasiMha ke darabAra meM digambara AcArya kumudacandra aura zvetAmbara AcArya deva sUri ke madhya, 1125 I0 meM vAda-vivAda huA thA, jise sunane ke liye sampUrNa rAjya ke jaina dharmAvalambI ekatrita huye the| jayasiMha vidvAnoM kA AzrayadAtA bhI thA / tatkAlIna udbhaTa AcArya hemacandra bhI isake darabAra meM Ate rahate the| jayasiMha kA uttarAdhikArI, kumArapAla, hemacandrAcArya ke prabhAva ke kAraNa jaina dharmAnuyAyI ho gayA thaa| kumArapAla ne jaina dharma ke pracAra ke liye kaI upAya kiye tathA apane rAjya ko eka Adarza jaina rAjya ke rUpa meM saMsthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| jaina matAnusAra tyAjya vilAsapriya vastuoM ko, na kevala svayaM ne tyAgA, apitu apanI prajA ko bhI tadanurUpa AcaraNa karane kA parAmarza diyA / usane apane rAjya meM jIva vadha para pAbandI lagA dI tathA isakA kaThoratA pUrvaka pAlana bhI krvaayaa| "dvayAzraya" kAvya ke anusAra, pAlI deza ke brAhmaNoM ko, yajJa meM pazu bali ke sthAna para anna kA upayoga karanA hotA thaa| merutuga ke anusAra, sapAdalakSa ke eka sAdhAraNa vyApArI ko eka mUSaka ko mArane ke daNDa svarUpa apanI samasta sampatti yUka bihAra banavAne meM kharca karanI par3I thI / yadyapi yaha vivaraNa atiraMjanApUrNa hai, kintu isase yaha avazya siddha hotA hai ki kumArapAla ahiMsA ke anupAlanArtha kaTibaddha thaa| ___ kumArapAla vidyAnurAgI aura vidvAnoM kA AzrayadAtA bhI thaa| usane apane rAjya meM vibhinna sthAnoM para zAstra bhaNDAroM kI sthApanA kI thii| ka vaha itanA dharmAnuprANita thA ki merutuga ke anusAra, usane 1440 mandira nirmita karavAye the| sambhava hai ki isa saMkhyA meM lekhaka atiraMjanA kA samAveza kara baiThA ho, kintu usake dvArA bar3I saMkhyA meM mandira nirmita karavAnA asaMdigdha hI hai| 1134 I0 ke abhilekha se vidita hotA hai ki usane jAlaura meM bhI eka mandira kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa|" kumArapAla ko mRtyu 1. prabandhacintAmaNi, mUlarAja prabandha, pR0 22 / 2. prabhAvakacaritra, pR0 171-182, prabandha cintAmaNi, pR0 78-82 / 3. prabandha cintAmaNi, pR0 110 / 3.ka prabhAvaka caritra, pR0 92 / 4. prabandha cintAmaNi, pR0 115 / 5. proriAsavesa, 1908-09, pR0 55 /

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 25 ke pazcAta rAjanItika asthiratA ke kAraNa, jainadharma kI satata pragati kucha avaruddha avazya huI, kintu jainAcAryoM evaM jaina rAjanayikoM ke prabhAva se jainamata nirantara 'vikAsonmukha rhaa| jaina dharma ne vimala, vastupAla evaM tejapAla jaise mahAna maMtriyoM ke netRtva meM atyadhika unnati kii| ye mahAn zrAvaka apane dharma ke prasArArtha hamezA tatpara evaM utsAhI rahe / cAlukya zAsaka bhIma prathama ne vimala ko apanA prAntIya zAsaka niyukta kiyA thaa| isane bhIma evaM dhaMdhuka ke madhya maitrI sthApita karavAI tathA dhaMdhuka ke Adeza se 1032 I0 meM AbU meM AdinAtha ke eka sundara, bhavya evaM vizAla mandira kA nirmANa krvaayaa| vastupAla evaM tejapAla pahale bhIma dvitIya ke maMtrI the, jinheM bhIma ne vIradhavala ke anurodha para maitrIvaza bAghelA rAjya kI sevArtha bheja diyA thA, ataH bAda meM ye vIradhavala ke mantrI rahe / somasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM, vastupAla ke anuja tejapAla ne, 1230 I0 meM apane putra lUNasiMha ko smRti meM, lUNa vasahi nAmaka neminAtha mandira nirmita krvaayaa| isa mandira kI pUjA ke nimita samarasiMha ne sirohI rAjya kA dabANI gA~va dAna meM diyA thaa| (4) paramAra rAjavaMza ke antargata jainadharma : paramAra zAsakoM ne bhI jaina dharma kI unnati meM atyadhika yogadAna diyA thaa| "953 I0 meM, RSabha jina mandira kI pratiSThA karavAne vAle sarvadeva sUri ne candrAvatI ke kuMkaNa nAma ke maMtrI ko dIkSA pradAna kI thI aura isa kuMkaNa ne candrAvatI meM eka jaina mandira banavAyA thaa| sirohI rAjya ke diyANA grAma ke jaina mandira meM, viSTita parivAra ke vartamAna dvArA mahAvIra kI mUrti pratiSThita karane kA vivaraNa hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se diyANA kA yaha jaina zilAlekha, kRSNarAja paramAra kA samaya nizcita karane kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai / kRSNarAja, Abu ke paramAra rAjavaMza meM utpalarAja kA pautra evaM araNyarAja kA putra thaa| AbU ke paramAra zAsakoM se sambandhita yaha prAcInatama abhilekha hai| jhAr3olI ke mahAvIra jaina mandira ke 1197 I0 ke zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki paramAra rAjA dhArAvarSa kI rAnI zRGgAra devI ne mandira nirmANa hetu bhUmi dAna kI 1. rAjapUtAnA kA itihAsa, pR0 200 / 2. gurvAvalI, zloka saM0 57-58, pR06| 3. aprajailesa, kra0 486 / 4. vahI, kra0 311 /

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26 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma thI / kAsindrA ke jaina mandira ke 1034 I0 ke lekha meM bhInamAla kI samRddhi aura prAgvATa vaizyoM ke bAhulya kA ullekha hai / ' athUNA ke jaina mandira ko 1109 I0 ko prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki isa samaya vAgar3a kSetra paramAroM ke antargata thaa| isa prazasti meM maMDalIka, cAmuNDarAja va usake putra vijayarAja kA aMkana hai| isI prakAra 994 I0 ke rAjapUtAnA myUjiyama ke eka mUrti lekha meM "jayati zrI vAgaTa saMghaH" ullikhita hai, arthAt 10vIM zatAbdI meM vAgar3a kSetra meM jaina mata kA atyadhika pracAra thaa| __dhAra (mAlavA) ke paramAra zAsakoM ne bhI jainadharma ke prati sahiSNu dRSTikoNa apanAyA / rAjasthAna ke bahuta se kSetra-mevAr3a, sirohI, koTA aura jhAlAvAr3a inake zAsanAntargata the| ina pradezoM meM jainadharma kI lokapriyatA kA jJAna, vistRta bhagnAvazeSoM se hotA hai| dhAra kA paramAra zAsaka naravarmana, zaiva matAvalambI hote hue bhI, AcArya jinavallabha sUri ke kAraNa jainadharma ke prati atyanta zraddhAlu thaa| kharataragaccha kI paramparA se jJAta hotA hai ki naravarmana ke darabAra meM do dakSiNAtya brAhmaNa eka samasyA ke nidAna hetu dhAra Aye the| dhAra ke vidvAn usa samasyA kA santoSaprada hala nahIM kara sake, ataH rAjA ne una brAhmaNoM ko jina vallabha sUri ke pAsa, cittaur3a bheja diyA, jinhoMne turanta santoSaprada hala nikAla diyaa| jaba jinavallabha sUri dhArA nagarI Aye, to rAjA naravarmana ne unako rAjamahala meM Amantrita kiyA tathA unake sAragarbhita upadezoM se atyanta prabhAvita huaa| naravarmana ne sUri jI ko 3 gA~va yA 30 hajAra drama dAna dene kI icchA vyakta kI, jise unhoMne asvIkAra kara diyaa| sUri jI ke upadezoM se, naravarmana ne cittaur3a kI maMDapikA se, vahA~ ke kharataragaccha ke mandiroM ko 2 drama dainika diye jAne ke Adeza diye| (5) hastikuNDI ke rASTrakUToM ke antargata jaina dharma : hathaMDI, mAravAr3a meM bIjApura ke nikaTa hai| yahA~ 10vIM zatAbdI meM rAThaur3oM kA zAsana karanA jJAta hotA hai| hathUDI ke jaina mandira se prApta 916 I0, 939 I0 aura 996 I0 ke abhilekhoM meM rASTrakUToM kI rAjavaMzAvalI meM harivarmA, vidagdharAja, mammaTa, dhavala aura bAlAprasAda ke nAma vaNita hai| sAmAnyataH, yaha rAThaur3a rAjavaMza 1. zrI jaina tIrtha sarva saMgraha, bhAga 1, khaNDa 2, pR0 261 / 2. vIra vinoda, bhAga 2, pR0 1197-98, ojhA-bAMsavAr3A rAjya, pR0 35 / 3. ojhA-DUMgarapura rAjya, pR0 1 / 4. khabRgu, pR0 13 / 5. ei, 10, pR0 10-18; nAjailesa, bhAga 1, R0 898; prAjalesa, 2, saM0 308 / "

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 27. jaina dharmAvalambI vidita hotA hai|' hastikuNDI se prApta 996 I0 ke, sUryAcArya viracita prazasti lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki vAsudevAcArya ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara harivarmana ke putra, vidagdharAja ne hastikuNDI meM eka jaina devAlaya kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa| usakI dharmaniSThA kA sabase mahattvapUrNa pramANa, saMsAra se virakta honA tathA apane putra bAlAprasAda ko rAjya bhAra sauMpa denA thaa| isa prazasti meM jaina mandira ke liye rAjakIya anudAna dene kI paddhati tathA sabhI dharmAvalambiyoM dvArA usameM yogadAna dene kI pravRtti, usa yuga kI dharma sahiSNutA ke dyotaka haiN|vidgdh ke putra mammaTa ne bhI isa mandira ko kucha dAna diye the| mammaTa ke putra dhavala ne, apane pitAmaha dvArA nirmita isa mandira kA jIrNoddhAra karavAyA tathA jaina dharma kI kIrti sthApita karane hetu sabhI prakAra ke prayatna kiye / hastikuMDI kI goSThI ne isa mandira ko punaH nirmita karavAyA thA, tatpazcAt vAsudevAcArya ke ziSya, zAntibhadra ke hAthoM, 1053 I0 meM pratimA ko pratiSThA sampanna karavAI thI, jisameM kucha jaina zrAvakoM ne bhI sahayoga pradAna kiyA thA / ina rAThaur3a zAsakoM kA svarNa se tulakara, use garIboM meM vitarita karavAne ke bhI ullekha milate haiM / (6) zUrasena rAjavaMza ke antargata jaina dharma : Adhunika bharatapura riyAsata ke kSetroM para prAcIna kAla meM, 6vIM se 12vIM zatAbdI taka zUrasena rAjavaMza ne zAsana kiyA thaa| inake zAsanakAla meM bhI jaina dharma kI tagapri ke kaI pramANa upalabdha hote haiN| vibhinna zAsakoM ne jaina mata ko saMrakSaNa pradAna kara kaI mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA krvaaii| kaI jainAcArya samaya-samaya para isa kSetra meM Ate rhe| zUrasena janapada kI prAcIna rAjadhAnI mathurA, jaina dharma kI prasiddha kendra thii| muslima vidhvaMsa ke kAraNa aba adhika pramANa upalabdha nahIM hote haiM, para bharatapura kSetra meM jaina dharma se saMbaddha ullekha 10vIM zatAbdI se milate haiM, kintu isa kSetra se khojI gaI, eka AdinAtha sarvatobhadra pratimA se pramANita hotA hai ki yahA~ jaina mata guptakAla yA usase pUrva bhI astitva meM thaa| mevAr3a ke rAjA allaTa ne samakAlIna pradyumna sUri ko, sapAdalakSa evaM tribhuvanagiri ke rAja darabAroM meM sammAnita kiyA thaa| pradyumna sUri ke ziSya, abhayadeva sUri ne, dhanezvara sUri ko jaina sAdhu hone kI preraNA dI thI / dhanezvara sUri 'tribhuvanagiri 1. jaiharA, pR0 27 / 2. nAjailesa, bhAga 1, kra0 898, pR0 233-238 / 3. vhii| 4. vahI / 5. vhii| 6. pITarasansa riporTa sa 3, pR0 158-162 /

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28 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma ke kardama bhUpati" ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| dhanezvara sUri ne "rAjagaccha" kI sthApanA kI thI tathA ye dhAra ke paramAra zAsaka vAkpati muMja ke samakAlIna mAne jAte haiM / ' muMja kI antima tithi 997 I0 thii| isa kadamabhUpati kI pahicAna 1155 I0 ke anaMgapAla deva ke thAkaradA (iMgarapura) abhilekha meM ullikhita, rAjA pRthvIpAla deva urpha bhartRpaTTa se kI jAtI hai| isa abhilekha meM pRthvIpAla deva ke putra tribhuvana pAla deva, pautra vijayapAla evaM prapautra sUrapAla deva ke bhI ullekha haiM / yadyapi inameM rAjavaMza kA nAma nahIM hai, parantu ye zUrasena zAsaka hI rahe hoNge| digambara jaina kavi durgadeva ne, apanI kRti "RSTa samuccaya" kI racanA 1032 I0 meM rAjA lakSmI nivAsa ke zAsanakAla meM, kuMbhanagara ke zAMtinAtha maMdira meM pUrNa kI thii| isa kuMbha nagara kI pahicAna bharatapura ke nikaTavartI kAmA se kI jAtI hai / isameM ullikhita, rAjA lakSmI nivAsa kI pahicAna 1012 I0 ke bayAnA abhilekha meM varNita, citralekhA ke putra lakSmaNarAja se kI jAtI hai| rAjA vijayapAla ke zAsanakAla ke, zvetAmbara kAmyaka gaccha ke viSNu sUri evaM mahezvara sUri ke nAmollekha yukta, bayAnA ke 1043 I0 ke zilAlekha" meM mahezvara sUri ke nirvANa kA vivaraNa hai| isI vijayapAla ko, durga kA punanirmANa evaM vistAra kara, vijaya maMdira gar3ha nAma dene kA zreya diyA jAtA hai| kAmyakagaccha kI sthApanA, bharatapura ke nikaTavartI kAmA se mAnI jAtI hai tathA isI kSetra meM zvetAmbaroM ke isa gaccha kA vistAra bhI jJAta hotA hai| bayAnA se prApta abhilekhoM meM nagara kA nAma 'zrIpatha' diyA hai, jo ki bayAnA kA prAcIna nAma thA / bayAnA tahasIla ke nAraulI grAma se bhI 1136 I0 kI lekhayukta jaina pratimAe~ milI haiM, jisase yaha kSetra jaina dharma kA mahAn kendra prakaTa hotA hai| bayAnA kA antima zUrasena zAsaka kumArapAla thA, jo 1954 I0 meM siMhAsana para baitthaa| isa kumArapAla ko jainAcArya jinadatta sUri ne dhArmika zikSA dI thii| yahA~ ke zAMtinAtha maMdira para svarNa kalaza evaM dhvaja, jinadatta sUri dvArA pratiSThita karavAne kA samAroha bar3e utsAha se manAyA gayA thaa| jinadatta sUri ke do ziSyoM-jinapAlagaNi evaM dharmazIlagaNi ne yazobhadrAcArya ke nikaTa adhyayana kiyA thaa| apane guru jinadatta 1. jaina sAhityanoM saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 197-198 / 2. erirAmyUa, 1915.16, pR0 3 / 3. siMghI jaina sirIja, 21, bhUmikA / 4. ei, 22, pR0 120 / '5. ie, 21, pR0 57 / 6. proriAsavesa, 1920-21, pR0 116 / 49. khabRgu, pR0 19 /

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 29 sUri kI AjJA milane para 1988 I0 meM, tribhuvana giri ke saMgha ko lekara inhoMne tIrthayAtrA kI, tathA anya saMghoM ke sAtha jinadatta sUri se bheMTa kI / tribhuvana giri ke durga meM 12vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM, vAdideva sUri ne kisI prakANDa vidvAn ko vAda-vivAda meM parAsta karane kA gaurava arjita kiyA thA / tribhuvanagiri meM upakeza gaccha se sambaddha eka prAcIna maMdira bhI thA / 3 uparyukta vibhinna ullekhoM se bharatapura ke nikaTavartI kSetroM meM zUrasena rAjavaMza ke zAsana ke antargata jaina dharma kI pratiSThA evaM prasAra kA jJAna hotA hai / (7) mevAr3a kSetra meM jaina dharma : mevAr3a kSetra meM atyanta prAcIna kAla se jaina dharma kA astitva rahA hai / 8vIM zatAbdI se hI vibhinna zAsakoM ne jaina dharma ke prasAra va unnati ke liye stutya prayAsa kiye / maMdira nirmANa, mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA, ahiMsA pAlana kI udghoSaNA tathA jainAcAryoM kA hArdika evaM sammAnanIya svAgata tathA pravacana zravaNa dvArA, mevAr3a meM, jainetara dharmAvalambI hote huye bhI, rAjAoM ne jaina dharma ke prati sahiSNutA evaM zraddhA banAye rakhI / 943 I0 * rAjA bhartRbhaTTa kA zAsana thA, jisane apane nAma para bharataripura basAyA thA / inhoMne "guhila - vihAra" nirmita karavA kara usameM caityapuriyA gaccha ke budagaNI ke mAdhyama se AdinAtha kI pratimA sthApita karavAI thI / " inake putra rAjA allaTa ke mantrI ne, karavAI gaI thI / Ahar3a kI eka rAjA allaTa, naravAhana evaM zakti samaya kA pratIta hotA hai / aisA ghATa (Ahar3a ) meM eka jaina maMdira nirmita karavAyA thA, jisameM saMDeraka gaccha ke AcArya (3 yazodava sUri ke dvArA pArzvanAtha kI pratimA sthApita devakulikA ke 977 I0 ke khaNDita lekha meM, mevAr3a ke kumAra kA nAma ullikhita hone se, yaha zakti kumAra ke pratIta hotA hai ki zakti kumAra ke akSa-paTalAdhIza ke dvArA banavAye gaye kisI maMdira kA yaha lekha hai / aba yaha lekha Ahar3a ke jaina maMdira kI devakulikA ke chabane meM khaNDita rUpa meM lagA huA hai / 977 I0 ke hI Ahar3a ke eka anya zilAlekha meM zaktikumAra kA nAmollekha tathA Ahar3a meM vipula - vaibhava sampanna vaizyoM ke nivAsa kA varNana hai / " 12vIM 1. khabRgu, pR0 34 / 2. bhAratIya vidyA, 2, pR0 62 / 3. bhAratIya vidyA, 2, pR0 62 / 4. erirAmyUa 1914, kra0 1 / 5. jaisA, 7, pR0 146-147 / 6. ojhA - udayapura rAjya, bhAga 1, pR0 124 -133 / 7. rAistrI, pR0 66 // 8. ie, 39, pR0 191 /

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30 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jenadhamaM zatAbdI ke cittaur3a se prApta eka khaMDita lekha meM khumANa vaMza ke rAjA jaitra siMha kA ullekha hai / " isa lekha meM cittaur3a ke prAvATa yazonAga ke vaMza kA varNana tathA cAhamAna, paramAra tathA gurjaroM dvArA pUjita, AcArya zubhacandra kA bhI varNana hai / isa lekha kI racanA saMskRta bhASA meM zubhakIrti ne, jaina maMdira ke nirmANa ke samaya kI thI / " (8) dakSiNI-pUrvI rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma : vartamAna meM koTA bUndI aura jhAlAvAr3a kSetra meM jaina dharma kA astitva prAcIna kAla se mAnA jAtA hai| koTA ke nikaTa, kezorAya pATana meM guptakAla meM bhI jaina maMdira ke astitva kI saMbhAvanA mAnI gaI hai / vastutaH yaha kSetra prArambha se hI jaina dharma kI gati'vidhiyoM kA kendra rahA / kucha samaya pUrva hI darA ( koTA ) meM dUsarI zatAbdI IsvI pUrva ke lekha khoje gaye haiM / eka abhilekha meM Avara ( maMdasaura) nivAsI zramaNa silpIsena kA - saMdarbha hai / dvitIya abhilekha meM kalAvida Apabhasena kA nAmollekha hai spaSTa hai ki IsA se dUsarI zatAbdI pUrva, yahA~ katipaya zramaNa nivAsa yA vicaraNa karate hoMge / kintu isa kSetra meM jaina dharma ke astitva kA nizcita pramANa, zeragar3ha se prApta 790 I0 ke abhilekha haiM / " isa kSetra meM kaI prAcIna jaina maMdiroM ke avazeSa prApta hote haiM, jinameM aTarU, bArAM, zeragar3ha, jhAlarApATana, raMgapaTTana, kezorAyapATana, bhImagar3ha, kAMkoNI, kelavAr3A Adi mahatvapUrNa haiM, kintu ina maMdiroM meM abhilekha bahuta kama upalabdha hote haiM / aTarU meM 10vIM zatAbdI ke do jaina maMdira dhvasta avasthA meM haiM / isa kSetra meM kaI pratimAe~ khojI gaI haiM, jo koTA saMgrahAlaya meM rakhI huI haiM, inameM se do pratimAoM para paramAra naravarmA ke zAsanakAla ke abhilekha aMkita haiM / 6 1108 I0 ke pratimA lekha meM zubhaMkara ke ziSya, lokanaMdI ke upadeza se zreSThI sahadeva dvArA caturviMzati mUla paTTa sthApita karane kA ullekha hai / " dUsarI pratimA, agravAla jinapAla ke putra rAmadeva ke dvArA sthApita kI gaI thI / 'koTA saMgrahAlaya' kI 10vIM zatAbdI kI eka pArzvanAtha pratimA ke lekha meM "zrI sarvanaMdyAcArya - aura zrAvakA - naMdi vihAra" ullikhita hai / " padmanaMdi ne " jambUdvIpapaNNatti" bAroM meM hI likhI / isa kRti se jJAta hotA hai ki bAroM meM kaI jaina maMdira evaM bahusaMkhyaka zrAvaka 9 1. nAjailesa, kra0 113, 1052 / 2. rAistro, pR0 77 / 3. jair3arA, pR0 111 / 4. varadA, 21, saM0 4, pR0 3-4 / 5. ie, 14, pR0 45 / . 6 varadA, ji0 16, saM0 2, pR0 34 / 7. vahI / -8. vahI /

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 31 the| yaha zahara "pAriyAtra" meM thA aura zakti nAmaka rAjA ke dvArA zAsita thA, jo utkRSTa caritra evaM sadjJAna kA svAmI thaa|' isa kSetra ke prAcIna maMdiroM ko dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki pUrvakAla meM yaha jaina dharma kA bahuta bar3A kendra thaa| yaha sthAna mUlasaMgha ke bhaTTArakoM kI pITha bhI rahA / 2 zakti kumAra ke pitAmaha bhartRbhaTTa kA rAjya dakSiNapUrva meM pratApagar3ha kI sImA taka thaa| inakA putra allaTa bhI zaktizAlI zAsaka thA, tatpazcAt zakti kumAra ne apane sAmrAjya kA aura adhika vistAra kiyaa| usake rAjya meM sambhavataH koTA kSetra kA kucha hissA bhI sammilita thaa| zeragar3ha ke 1134 I0 ke eka abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki naravarmana ke rAjyakAla meM naye caitya meM neminAtha mahotsava manAyA gayA thA / zeragar3ha meM 11vIM zatAbdI meM eka rAjapUta saradAra devapAla ke dvArA, tIna vizAla jaina pratimAeM sthApita karavAI gaI thIM, jo vartamAna meM eka dhvasta makAna meM rakhI huI haiM / eka anya abhilekha meM vIrasena aura sAgarasena kA nAmollekha hai, jisase spaSTa hotA hai ki yaha digambara sampradAya kA bhI kendra thaa| pratimAoM ke abhilekha ke anusAra usa samaya isa nagara kA nAma "koSavarddhana" thA / aTarU tahasIla kI sImA para bhImagar3ha kAMkoNI kA jaina maMdira bhI pUrNataH dhvasta hai| 1170 I0 ke eka pratimA lekha meM AcArya vRSabhasena ke upadezoM se, dharakaTa zreSThI pAsar3a ke putra DAla aura bilha dvArA pratimA sthApita karane kA ullekha hai / bArA kSetra meM hI rAmagar3ha se tIna mIla dUra, 8vIM va 9vIM zatAbdI kI jaina guphAeM haiN| prAcIna kAla meM isakA nAma "zrInagara" thaa| yaha kSetra saghana vanasampadA va parvatIya dharAtala ke mAdhyama se elorA tulya vAtAvaraNa kA sRjana kara, jaina muniyoM ke liye anukUla ekAMtika vAtAvaraNa kI sRSTi karatA rhaa| guphAoM ke nikaTa hI jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI katipaya mUrtiyoM evaM maMdiroM ke bhagnAvazeSa haiN| isI kSetra meM aTarU meM, 12vIM zatAbdI ke do jaina mandiroM ke bhagnAvazeSa haiN| 12vIM zatAbdI meM yahA~ sambhavataH paramAra zAsakoM kA zAsana thaa| aTarU se hI 12 mIla pUrva meM "kRSNa vilAsa" hai, jo vartamAna meM "vilAsa" hI kahalAtA hai| isa sthAna ke khaNDahara aura 1. purAtana jaina vAkya sUcI, pR0 67 / 2. ie, 21, pR0 57 / 3. erirAmyUa, 1916, pR0 2 / 4. ie, 32, pR0 186 / 5. ei, 21, pR0 80 / 6. enuripo; ie, 1942-43, pR070 / 7. koTA rAjya kA itihAsa, pR0 28 / 8. jairA, pR0 151 /

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32 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharmaM avazeSoM kA nirIkSaNa karane para yaha vidita hotA hai ki 8vIM se 11vIM zatAbdI ke ya avazeSa vibhinna jaina evaM hindU maMdiroM ke haiM / vilAsa se 25 mIla pUrva meM, zAhabAda nAmaka prAcIna kasbe se 5 mIla dUra tAlAba ke nikaTa bhI hindU va jaina maMdiroM ke khaNDahara haiM / bUndI jile meM navA~ kA saMghiyoM kA mandira 11vIM zatAbdI kA hai / isameM 1052 I0 kA lekha aMkita hai / yahIM ke bagheravAla mandira meM zAMtinAtha kI 1145 I0 kI mUrti hai, jisakI pratiSThA dharakaTa jAti ke mahIda putra jAlhA ne AcArya sagarasena ke dvArA karavAI thI / isI mandira meM 1088 I0, 1152 I0 aura 1171 I0 kI pratiSThita pratimAe~ bhI vidyamAna haiM / saMghiyoM ke mandira meM 1090 I0 kI anantanAtha kI pratimA pratiSThita hai / nainavAM ke zamazAna ke pAsa 9 niSedhikAe~ haiM, jinameM se katipaya 11vIM va 12vIM zatAbdI kI bhI haiM / jhAlarApATana meM zAMtinAtha jaina mandira 1046 I0 meM zAhapIpA dvArA nirmita karavAyA gayA thA, jisakI pratiSThA bhAvadeva sUri ne kI thI / ukta sabhI tathyoM se spaSTa siddha hotA hai ki yaha kSetra jaina dharma kA eka mahattvapUrNa kendra thA / yaha kSetra dakSiNa meM mAlavA se uttara-pazcima va uttara ke vyApArika mArga meM sthita hone ke kAraNa hamezA AvAgamana kA kendra rahA, ataH dharma prasAra bhI isI kSetra se prArambha hokara uttara kI ora sambhava huA tathA uttara se Ane vAle muslima AkramaNakAriyoM ke dakSiNa- gamana ke mArga meM hone ke kAraNa atyadhika vidhvaMsa kA kSetra bhI rahA hai / (9) mADa kSetra meM jaina dharma : bhATI rAjapUtoM ke dvArA jaisalamera nagara kI sthApanA se pUrvaM bhI, yaha pradeza jaina dharmaM kA mahatvapUrNa kendra thA / registAna ke hRdaya meM avasthita va muslima AkramaNoM se surakSita, isa kSetra kI prAcIna rAjadhAnI "ludravA " thI / lagabhaga 994 I0 meM rAjA sAgara ke rAjyakAla meM kharataragaccha ke varddhamAna sUri ke ziSya jinezvara sUri ludravA Aye the / unake upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara, sAgara ke zrIdhara evaM rAjaghara nAmaka do putroM ne zrAvaka bananA svIkAra kiyA thA evaM ludravA meM 'ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAtha mandira' kA nirmANa karavAyA thA, isI mandira kA navInIkaraNa 1618 I0 meM zreSThI thArUzAha ke dvArA karAvAyA gayA" / usa samaya isa kSetra kA vikramapurA (bikamapurA) bhI jaina dharma kA eka pR0 53 / 1. kAsalIvAla - kezorAyapATana, 2 . vahI / 3. ane, 13, pR0 125 / 4. nAjailesa, 3, saM0 2543 / 5. vahI, kra0 2544 /

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 33 mahattvapUrNa kendra thaa| vizeSa rUpa se kharataragaccha kA yahA~ adhika prabhAva rhaa| isa gaccha ke AcArya bahudhA yahA~ Akara dhArmika gatividhiyoM kA saMcAlana karate rahate the / 1111 I0 meM jinavallabha sUri vikramapurA Aye the', jinapati sUri kA 1153 I0 meM yahIM janma huA thA, tadanantara 1160 I0 meM sanyAsI jIvana meM praveza kI preraNA tathA 1166 I0 meM ve isI sthAna para paTTadhara huye the / vikramapura ke katipaya jaina zrAvakoM ne jinapati sUri se vibhinna avasaroM para dIkSA lI thI tathA 1175 I0 meM inhoMne "bhANDAgArika" guNacandra gaNi ke stUpa kA pratiSThA samAroha sampanna karavAyA thaa| sAtha hI jinapati sUri ke netRtva meM anhilapaTTana se 1185 I0 meM, abhaya kumAra ke netRtva meM nikalane vAle saMgha meM sammilita hokara tIrtha yAtrAe~ kI thiiN| (ba) madhyakAla: 12vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt bhI katipaya cauhAna va solaMkI rAjAoM ke antargata rAjasthAna ke kucha kSetroM meM jaina dharma pragatizIla rhaa| cAhamAna zAsaka cAciga deva ke zAsanakAla meM 1245 I0 meM, teliyA osavAla narapati ne mahAvIra mandira ke bhaNDAra meM 50 drama diye| 1275 I0 ke eka anya zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki sAmanta siMha ke rAjyakAla meM narapati ne pArzvanAtha mandira meM kucha bheMTa arpita kI thii| caMdrAvatI ke zAsaka AlhaNasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM, pArzvanAtha mandira ko bheMTa dene kA vivaraNa 1243 I0 ke abhilekha meM varNita hai / candrAvatI ke mahArAja bIsaladeva aura sAraMgadeva ke zAsanakAla meM dattANI ke paramAra ThAkura pratApa va hemadeva ne pArzvanAtha mandira ke vyaya ke nimitta, 2 kheta 1288 I0 meM dAna diye the| 1243 I0 ke kalAgarA ke naSTaprAya pArzvanAtha mandira ke lekha meM, candrAvatI ke paramAra rAjA AlhaNa kA ullekha hai / rAvala mahipAla deva ke putra suhar3asiMha ne bhI isI mandira ko dhAmika mahotsava manAne ke liye, 400 drama dAna meM diye the| diyANA se prApta 1334 1. khabRgu, pR0 13 / 2. vahI, pR0 24 / 3. vahI, pR0 34 / 4. proriAsavesa, 1908-09, pR0 55 / 5. vhii| 6. aprajailesa, kra0 55 / 7. vahI, kra0 490 / 8. jaina tIrtha sarva saMgraha, bhAga 1, khaNDa 2, pR0 254 /

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34 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma I0 ke zilAlekha meM varNita hai ki mahArAja tejapAla aura unake mantrI kRpA ne eka hauja banavAkara mahAvIra mandira ko bheMTa kiyA thA / 1287 I0 ke kizanagar3ha ke ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAtha mandira kI paMcatIrthI ke lekha ke anusAra, bAhauga ke rAjya meM ukta mUrti kI pratiSThA ratnaprabha sari ke ziSya dvArA sampanna huI thii| 13vIM evaM 14vIM zatAbdI meM adhikAMza rAjapUta rAjavaMza rAjasthAna meM susthApita ho gaye the| vibhinna sthAnoM meM rAjadhAniyA~ sthApita kara 3-4 zatAbdI ke saMvarSa ke uparAnta, apanI riyAsateM sthApita kara unhoMne kucha sthiratA prApta kI thii| ataH madhyakAla meM vibhinna ApasI saMgharSa evaM muslima AkramaNa kA sAmanA karatI rahIM / dharmasahiSNu rAjapUta zAsaka phira bhI dharma vimukha nahIM haye / isa kAla meM jaina dharma pUrvavartI zatAbdiyoM kI apekSA aura adhika unnatizIla huaa| Antarika sAmpradAyika vikhaNDana ke anantara bhI aneka mandira nirmita haye, asaMkhya mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA kI gaI tathA sahastroM granthoM kI pratilipiyA~ va maulika graMtha nibaddha kiye gaye / rAjAoM, rAjanayikoM evaM katipaya mugala zAsakoM ne bhI jainAcAryoM ko Adara kI dRSTi se dekhA / rAjapUta zAsakoM ke audArya ke phalasvarUpa jaina dharma evaM ahiMsA kA prabhAva akSuNNa banA rhaa| ( 1 ) mevAr3a meM jainadharma : mevAr3a kSetra jaina dharma ke digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM hI sampradAyoM kA mahattvapUrNa kendra thaa| isase siddha hotA hai ki yahA~ ke zAsaka isa dharma ke prati atyadhika udAra the| cittaur3a ke nikaTa nirmita gaMbhIrI nadI ke pula meM lage vibhinna maMdiroM ke avazeSoM ke madhya lage huye, 1268 I0 ke lekha meM varNita hai ki caitra gaccha ke AcArya ratnaprabha sUri ke upadeza se tejasiMha ke pradhAna, rAjaputra kAMgA ke putra ne kisI bhavana kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa| cIravA gA~va se prApta 1273 I0 ke zilAlekha meM, guhilavaMzIya zAsana paramparA ke atirikta tatkAlIna caitra gaccha ke AcAryoM-bhadrezvara sUri, devabhadra sUri, siddhasena sUri, jinezvara sUri, vijayasiMha sUri aura bhuvanasiMha sUri kA bhI ullekha hai| ye AcArya dharma aura vidyA ke kSetra meM labdha-pratiSTha the| bhuvanasiMha sUri ke ziSya ratnaprabha sUri ne cittaur3a meM isa zilAlekha ko racanA kI aura unake mukhya ziSya pAvacandra ne ise lipibaddha kiyA / jina prabodha sUri cittaur3a ke mahArAvala kSetrasiha ke samakAlIna 1. khabRgu, pR0 13 / 2. jaiirA, pR0 26 / 3. pralesa, kra0 15 / 4. ojhA-udayapura rAjya, 1, pR0 370 / 5. vahI, pR0 173-175 / 6. rAistro, pR0 111 /

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 35 the| jinaprabodha 1277 I0 ke AsapAsa jaba cittaur3a meM Aye, taba rAjya ke brAhmaNoM, saMnyAsiyoM, rAjaputra kSetrasiMha aura karNarAja, sabhI ne inakA bhavya svAgata kiyA thA / 1277 I0 meM utkIrNa, cittaur3a meM navalakha bhaNDAra kI dIvAra ke lekha meM, ratnasiMha zrAvaka ke dvArA nirmita zAMtinAtha ke caitya meM, samadA ke putra mahaNa siMha kI bhAryA sAhiNI kI putrI kumArilA zrAvikA ke, pitAmaha pUnA aura mAtAmaha dhADA ke zreyArtha, devakUlikAe~ banavAne kA ullekha hai / ___mevAr3a ke zAsaka samarasiMha aura unakI mAtA jayatallA devI, devendra sUri ke upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara unake bhakta bana gaye the| cittaur3a ke 1278 I0 ke lekha se sUcanA milatI hai ki bharataripurIya gaccha ke jainAcArya ke upadeza se, rAjA tejasiMha kI rAnI jayatallA devI ne cittaur3a meM eka zyAma pArzvanAtha kA maMdira bnvaayaa| isameM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki isI maMdira ke pRSTha bhAga meM usI gaccha ke AcArya pradyumna sUri ko mahArAvala samarasiMha ne maTha ke liye bhUmidAna diyaa| lekha meM yaha bhI varNita hai ki isa maMdira ke liye cittaur3a kI talahaTI, Ahar3a, khohara aura sajjanapura kI maMDapikAoM se kaI drama ghI, tela Adi vastuoM ke milane kI vyavasthA kI gii| muhila rAjA samarasiMha ke kAla ke anya abhilekha meM varNita hai ki bharataripuriya gaccha ke jaina maMdira ko bhI kucha bhami apanI mAtA ke AdhyAtmika kalyANa hetu pradAna kI gaI thI tathA isa dAna kI preraNA sAdhvI sumalA ke dhArmika upadezoM se, jayatallA devI ko huI thii| isake atirikta sUri jI ke udbodhana se samarasiMha ne eka adhyAdeza jArI kara, apane rAjya meM prANI hiMsA kA niSedha karavA diyA thaa| ukta adhyAdeza meM janatA se zarAba kA tyAga tathA dharma aura nyAya ke niyamoM kA kaThoratA se pAlana karane kI bhI apekSA kI gaI thii| gambhIrI nadI ke pula meM hI prayukta, 1273 I0 ke eka zilAlekha meM ullekha hai ki rAvala samarasiMha ne bharataripurIya gaccha ke AcAryoM ko poSadhazAlA ke nimitta kucha bhUmi dI tathA apanI mAtA ke dvArA nirmita maMdira ke liye hATa tathA bAga kI bhUmi bhI dAna meM dI thii| cittaur3a kI talahaTI evaM sajjanapura kI maMDapikAoM se kucha drama anudAna ke rUpa meM diye jAne ko bhI AjJA dii| ratanapura ke 1286 I0 ke jaina maMdira ke eka lekha meM, mahaNadevI dvArA dramoM kA dAna evaM unake byAja se jainotsava manAne kA ullekha hai|' 1. jaisAsai, pR0 193 / 2. khabRgu, pR0.56 / 3. rAistro, pR0 113 / 4. ei, 11, pR0 30-32 / "5. erirAmyUa, 1922-23, kr09| 6. ojhA-udayapura rAjya, 1, pR0 178 / 7. nAjailesa, 2, kra0 1706, pR0 163 /

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36 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jenadhamaM pratApagar3ha ke maMdira kI pratimA para utkIrNa 1306 I0 ke abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki jayatallA devI ke kalyANArthaM, rAjaputra tejAka ne apanI bhAryA ratanAdevI aura putra vijayasiMha ke sAtha jaina pratimA kI sthApanA kI / ' 1300 I0 ke cittaur3a ke eka khaNDita lekha meM dharmacandra, unakI guru paramparA tathA eka mAna stambha kI sthApanA kA varNana hai / isa prazasti meM tatkAlIna jainAcAryoM kI paramparA tathA zikSA ke stara kA ullekha hai / lekhAnusAra, kuMdakuMda - AcArya - paramparA meM kezavacandra, devacandra, abhayakIrti, vasantakIrti, vizAlakIrti, zubhakorti aura dharmacandra the / kezavacandra ko tInoM vidhAoM kA vizArada va 101 ziSyoM kA guru batAyA gayA hai lekha kI prathama paMkti meM puNyAsaha kA bhI nAma hai / 2 13vIM zatAbdI ke hI cittor3a ke jaina kIrti stambha ke tIna lekha prApta hote haiN| tInoM lekhoM kA sambandha cittaur3a ke jaina kIrti stambha se hai, kyoMki tInoM meM stambha ke saMsthApaka sAha jIjA tathA unake vaMza kA vivaraNa hai| vaise ina lekhoM meM samaya aMkita nahIM hai, kintu 1300 I0 kI ukta prazasti meM varNita jainAcAryoM kI paramparA ke sandarbha meM, ye lekha bhI 13vIM zatAbdI ke hI haiM / prathama lekha ke prArambha meM dInAka tathA usakI bhAryA vAMchI ke putra, nAtha ke dvArA eka maMdira ke nirmANa kA varNana hai / nAtha kI patnI nAgazrI aura usakA putra jIjU the, jinhoMne cittaur3a meM candraprabha maMdira aura khohara nagara meM bhI eka maMdira banavAyA thA / jIjU ke putra pUrNasiMha ne apane dhana kA upayoga dAna ke dvArA kiyA / inake guru vizAlakIrti ke ziSya zubhakIrti ke ziSya dharmacandra the / ye mahArANA hammIra dvArA sammAnita the tathA inhoMne mAna stambha kI sthApanA bhI kI thii| dUsare lekha kI antima paMkti meM bagheravAla jAti ke sAnAya ke putra jIjA dvArA stambha nirmANa kA ullekha hai / tIsare lekha ke antima bhAga meM jIjA yukta saMgha kI maMgala kAmanA kI gaI hai / ina tInoM lekhoM ko cittaur3a ke 1300 I0 ke lekha ke sAtha par3hane para jaina kIrti stambha kA nirmANa 13vIM zatAbdI meM huA mAnA jAnA cAhiye / jaina kIrti stambha ke anya do lekhoM ke anusAra jIjA dvArA stambha nirmANa va puNyasiMha dvArA isakI pratiSThA kA varNana hai / 4 RSabhadeva maMdira, dhuleva ke khelA maMDapa kI dIvAra meM anusAra kASThA saMgha ke bhaTTAraka dharma kIrti ke upadeza se 1. erirAmyUa 1921-22, kra0 3 / 2. jaizisa, pR0 63-64 / 3. jaizisa, pR0 64 -70 / 4. rAistro, pR0 121 / 5. varadA, 9, aMka 1 | lage 1374 I0 ke lekha ke sAha jIjA ke beTe haradAna ne

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 37 isa maMdira kA jIrNoddhAra krvaayaa|' rANA khetA ke kAla meM jaina maMdira ke nimitta Ayojita eka pratiSThA mahotsava ke avasara para, saMskRta meM tatsambandhI eka vijJapti lekha kI racanA huI, jisakI puSpikA se pratIta hotA hai ki isakI racanA kelavAr3A grAma meM huI thii| khetA kI paramparA kA nirvAha usake putra evaM uttarAdhikArI, rANA lAkhA dvArA bhI kiyA gyaa| inake samaya taka delavAr3A tathA cittaur3a ke jJAna-kendra susamRddha ho cuke the tathA delavAr3A meM to eka grantha bhaNDAra kI sthApanA bhI ho cukI thii| desUrI gAMva ke nikaTa, koTa-solaMkiyoM ke eka jIrNa maMdira ke 1418 I. ke abhilekha meM, rANA lAkhA ke vijaya kAla meM, pArzvanAtha ke caitya ke maNDapa ke jIrNoddhAra kA varNana hai| jAvara gA~va ke pArzvanAtha maMdira meM utkIrNa 1421 I0 kI prazasti meM varNita hai ki rANA mokala ke samaya, prAgvATa sAha nAnA ne usakI bhAryA phanI aura putra sAharatana Adi ke sAtha vibhinna tIrthoM kI yAtrA kI thI, tathA saMghapati sAha dhanapAla ne bhI putra evaM putra-vadhuoM ke sAtha zAMtinAtha kA maMdira banavAyA thaa|" isa prazasti meM kaI jainAcAryoM ke nAma bhI aMkita haiM / rANA mokala ke khajAMcI (koSAdhyakSa), guNarAja ne 1428 I0 meM rANA ke AdezoM se mahAvIra kA eka maMdira nirmita karavAyA / nAgadA meM 1429 I0 meM poravAr3a jAti ke eka vyApArI ne pArzvanAtha maMdira nirmita krvaayaa| mokala ke pazcAt unake putra kumbhakarNa rAjA huye, jo jainamata ke bahuta bar3e samarthaka the| unake zAsanakAla meM na kevala pratimAoM aura maMdiroM kI sthApanA huI, apitu inhoMne svayaM sAdar3I meM eka bhavya jaina maMdira nirmita krvaayaa| inake zAsana meM hI, raNakapura aura kamalagar3ha ke prasiddha caumukha jaina maMdira nirmita huye the| delavAr3A ke eka jaina Azrama meM upekSita par3e huye prastara para utkIrNa 1434 I0 ke abhilekha meM, unake vijayapUrNa zAsana meM dharma ciMtAmaNi maMdira kI pUjA ke liye 14 TaMkA AvaMTita karane kA ullekha hai / 1434 I0 ke hI nAgadA ke jaina maMdira ke eka lekha meM, zreSThI rAmadeva ke parivArajanoM kI dharmaniSThA va jainAcAryoM kA nAmollekha hai / delavAr3A ke 1436 I0 ke lekha meM varNita hai ki sthA 1. ojhA-udayapura rAjya, 1, 50 41-42 / 2. vijJapti lekha saMgraha, saM0 muni jinavijaya / 3. tArAmaMgala-mahArANA kuMbhA aura unakA kAla, pR0 141 / 4. marU bhAratI, apraila 1967, pR0 1 / 5. ojhA-udayapura rAjya, 1, pR0 279 / 6. madhyaprAMta, madhyabhArata aura rAjapUtAnA ke prAcIna jaina smAraka, pR0 137 / 7. proriAsa vesa, 1904-5, pR0 62 / 8. hisTrI oNpha iMDiyana ArkiTekcara, pR0 240 / 9. erirAmyUa, 1923-24, kra0 7 /

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38 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharmaM nIya poravAr3a paNDita lakSmaNasiMha ne pArzvanAtha jinAlaya meM, pArzvanAtha kI do kAyotsarga pratimAe~ pratiSThita karavAI / " lakSmaNasiMha, kAcholIvAlagacchIya AcArya bhadrezvara sUri, ratnaprabha sUri ke paTTAlaMkAra sarvAnanda sUri kA zrAvaka thA / delavAr3A ke hI eka anya 1437 I0 ke abhilekha meM picholiyA jAti ke hAsA dvArA eka kAyotsarga pratimA kI pratiSThA karavAne kA ullekha hai 13 delavAr3A ke hI 1437 I0 ke dUsare lekha meM, vatsarAja ke putra vIsala dvArA "kriyAratnasammuccaya" kI dasa pratiyA~ likhavAne kA varNana hai / * nAgadA ke adbhuta jI ke mandira meM 1437 I0 meM eka vyApArI sAraMga ke dvArA, kumbhA ke zAsanakAla meM hI zAntinAtha kI vizAla pratimA sthApita karavAI gaI thI / " cittaur3a se hI prApta 1438 I0 ke eka vistRta zilAlekha meM kaI sUcanAe~ haiM / isameM eka jaina mandira ke nirmANa, usake nirmAtA sAghu guNarAja kI vaMzAvalI, 1420 I0 kI zatruMjaya yAtrA meM soma sundara sUri ke netRtva meM zreSThI kA sahayoga tathA bAdazAha ke pharamAna se yAtrA meM suvidhAe~ prApta karane, rANA mokala kI AjJA se mandira nirmita karavAne tathA prazasti ke racanAkAra jaina sAdhu cAritrya ratnagaNi Adi tathyoM kA ullekha hai / 1439 I0 kI kumbhAkAlIna rANakapura mandira kI prazasti meM mevAr3a rAjavaMza, mandira nirmAtA dharaNA zreSThI kA vaMza, pratiSThAkAraka AcAryoM jaise jagacandra sUri, devendra sUri va somasundara sUri tathA sUtradhAra depAka Adi ke nAma varNita haiM / " cittaur3a durga sthita zRMgAra ca~varI' ke jaina mandira ke 1448 I0 ke stambhalekha ke anusAra, kumbhA ke eka viziSTa adhikArI sAhakolA ke putra bhaNDArI velA ne isa zAntinAtha mandira kA nirmANa karavAyA thA / mandira ke sthApatya ke AdhAra para yaha aura bhI prAcIna pratIta hotA hai / sambhavataH velA ne to muslima vidhvaMsa ke uparAnta isakA jIrNoddhAra va pratiSThA hI karavAI thI / deg kumbhA ke kAla ke hI AbU ke 1449 I0 ke suraha lekha meM, dilavAr3A ke mandiroM ke liye yAtrA karane vAloM se maMDapikA kara yANa, 1. rAistro, pR0 136 // 2. vahI / 3. vahI / 4. rAistro, pR0 137 // 5. proriAsavesa, 1905, pR0 61 / 6. varadA, varSa 11, aMka 2 / 7. vahI / 8. bhAvanagara inskripzansa, kra0 8, pR0 114 / 9. erirAmyUa 1920 -21, kra0 10 / 10. rAistro, pR0 142 /

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 39 balAvI, rakhavAlI, gAr3iyoM aura bailoM para liye jAne vAle kara, Age se nahIM lene kA Adeza hai / 1450 I0 ke rANakapura ke laghu lekha meM, kucha zrAvakoM dvArA prAsAda aura devakulikAeM nirmita karavAne kA ullekha hai / 2 nADola ke 1451 I0 ke abhilekha meM, sthAnIya jagasI parivAra dvArA caturvizati jina-pratimAoM ke nirmANa va unakI pratiSThA, devakula pAThaka meM, ratnazekhara sUri dvArA karavAne kA ullekha hai| basantagar3ha ke jaina mandira meM eka pratimA lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki dhanasI ke putra bhAdAka ne yaha pratimA sthApita karavAI aura muni sundarasUri se 1453 I0 meM isakA pratiSThA samAroha karavAyA gyaa| mAuNTa AbU meM, acalagar3ha meM, AdinAtha pratimA para utkIrNa 1462 I0 ke abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki jaba kumbhalamera para mahArANA kumbhA kA zAsana thA, taba yaha pratimA DUMgarapura meM rAvala somadAsa ke zAsanakAla meM banavAI gaI thI aura tapAgaccha saMgha ke dvArA AbU lAI gaI thii| yahAM kI eka anya pItala kI AdinAtha ko pratimA ke 1473 I0 ke lekha meM bhI, pratimA kA Dugarapura meM hI nirmita hone kA ullekha hai / kumbhAkAla meM mevAr3a meM tapAgaccha va kharataragaccha kA vizeSa prabhAva rahA / tapAgaccha ke AcArya somasundara sUri, muni sundara, somadeva, jayazekhara sUri, jinaharSagaNi, ratnazekhara, mANikyaratnagaNi, kharataragaccha ke jinarAja, jinavaddhana, jinacandra, jinasAgara, jina sundara tathA digambara AcArya sakalakIrti, bhuvanakIrti, brahma jinadAsa Adi ne cittaur3a meM vipula sAhitya sRjana kiyaa| __ jaina dharma rANA kumbhA ke putra evaM uttarAdhikArI, rANA rAyamala ke zAsanakAla meM bhI phalatA-phUlatA rahA / inake kAla ke 1481 I0 ke lekha meM, kharataragacchIya paramparA ke AcAryoM kI nAmAvalI, zAntinAtha mandira aura jayakIrti kA ullekha milatA hai|' udayapura ke 1499 I0 ke eka abhilekha se sUcanA milatI hai ki vijayI rAjA rANA rAyamala ke zAsanakAla meM mahAvIra, ambikA Adi ke mandira nirmita huye the / rAyamala ke kAla kI 1500 I0 kI, nADalAI ke AdinAtha mandira kI stambha-prazasti vizeSa 1. rAistro, pR0 142 / 2. vahI, pR0 143 / 3. vhii| 4. erirAmyUa, 1923-24, sN08| 5. vahI, 1925-16, kra0 8 / 6. ojhA-DUgarapura rAjya, pR0 71 / 7. tArA maMgala-mahA0 kumbhA, pR0 145-152 / 8. rAistro, pR0 153 / / 9. proriAsavesa, 1905-06, pR0 60 /

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40 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM ukeza vaMza ke sIhA aura samadA dvArA, mahArANA rAyamala ke kAla meM, unake putra kuMara pRthvIrAja kI AjJA se, AdinAtha kI mUrti kI sthApanA kA ullekha hai / AcArya IzvarasUri kRta aura sUtradhAra somA dvArA utkIrNa, isa lekha meM saMDeraka gaccha ke AcArya yazobhadra sUri dvArA 907 I0 meM isa mandira ko banavAne kA ullekha hai / yazobhadra sUri kA dhArmika prabhAva kSetra gauDavAr3a, mevAr3a va cittaur3a taka bhI thaa| cittaur3a ke 'satabIsa devarI' ke 10vIM zatAbdI ke khaNDita lekha meM bhI yazobhadra sUri-paramparA ke AcArya kA ullekha hai| rAjapUtoM ke apratima nAyaka mahArANA pratApa ne muni hIravijaya ko eka patra likhakara dharma pracArArtha mevAr3a meM Ane kA nivedana kiyA thA / 1578 I0 meM prAcIna mevAr3I bhASA meM likhita yaha patra, jaina itihAsa kA eka mahattvapUrNa dastAveja hai| isase yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki rANA pratApa akabara ke viruddha nirantara yuddharata rahate huye bhI dharma-tatva evaM prajA ko bhAvanAoM ko upekSA nahIM karate the tathA mahAn jaina santoM kA samAdara karate the| ve dharmAnurAgI evaM jaina mata ke prati bahata snehazIla the| 1583 I0 kI rANakapura prazasti meM ullekha hai ki hIravijaya sUri ke upadeza se, prAgvATa jAti ke sAha khetA Adi ne, 48 suvarNa mANaka pratolI ke nimitta anudAna diyA thaa| (2) vAgar3a pradeza meM jaina mata : DUgarapura, bA~savAr3A aura pratApagar3ha rAjyoM kA sammilita nAma vAgar3a pradeza thA / yahA~ ke zAsakoM ke saMrakSaNa meM jaina mata bahuta samRddha huaa| isa kSetra meM digambara jainoM kA adhika prabhAva thA / abhilekhIya pramANoM ke anusAra DUMgarapura, galiyAkoTa, sAgavAr3A, naugAma Adi digambara jainoM ke kendra the, kintu vAgar3a "pravAsagItikA' ke anusAra isa pradeza meM zvetAmbara jainiyoM ne bhI kucha mandira banavAye the| isa pradeza meM kaI maMtriyoM evaM AcAryoM ne mandira nirmita karavAye aura unake sthApanA tathA pratiSThA samAroha dhUmadhAma se sampanna krvaaye| inake saMrakSaNa meM aneka hastalikhita grantha bhI taiyAra karavAye gaye / yahA~ jaina mata ke pracAra ke liye anukUla paristhitiyA~ thIM, ataH telI Adi anya jAtiyoM ke loga bhI sammAnavaza ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kA pAlana karate the| isa kSetra kI prAcIna rAjadhAnI vaTapradA (bar3audA) thii| isa kSetra meM pArzvanAtha mandira kI eka zilA para 24 tIrthaMkaroM ko AkRtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / isa zilA kA 1307 I0 kA lekha, kharataragaccha ke jinacandra sUri dvArA isakI sthApanA kA varNana karatA 1. bhAvanagara inskripzansa, saM0 12, pR0 143-145 / 2. rAistro, 158 / 3. rAjapUtAnA ke jaina vIra, pR0 341-42 / 4. nAjailesa, bhAga-1, saM0 714 /

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 41 hai| mevAr3a meM, dhuleva meM sthita kesariyAjI kI pratimA, mUlataH isa sthAna se hI le jAI gaI thii| DUMgarapura se lagabhaga ATha mIla dUra "upara", nAmaka grAma ke, digambara jaina AmnAya ke zreyAMsanAtha mandira kI 1404 I0 kI prazasti meM, digambara AmnAya ke kASThA saMgha aura nanditaTagaccha ke AcAryoM kI paramparA, mandira nirmANa-kartA narasiMha'purA jAti ke prahlAda ke pUrvajoM evaM bhAiyoM ke nAma, DUMgarapura ke rAvala pratApasiMha tathA ratnakIrti ke upadeza se mandira banavA kara 52 mUtiyA~ sthApita karane kA ullekha hai| DUgarapura kA prAcIna nAma "girivara" thA, jisakI sthApanA lagabhaga 1358 I0 meM huI thii| 1370 I0 meM jayAnaMda viracita "pravAsa gItikAtraya" se jJAta hotA hai ki yahA~ para pA~ca jaina maMdira aura lagabhaga 900 jaina parivAra nivAsa karate the / rAvala pratApasiMha ke uttarAdhikArI gajapAla ke zAsana meM bhI jaina mata pragatizIla rhaa| inake zAsanakAla kI cAra hastalikhita pratiyA~ upalabdha haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM1423 I0 kI "paMca prasthAna viSama pada vyAkhyA", 1428 I0 kI "dvayAzraya mahAkAvya saTIka", 1429 I0 kA "dvitIya khaNDagraMthAgratriyasakala grantha" aura 1430 I0 kA "kathAkoSa" / AntarI ke jaina maMdira kI dIvAra ke 1469 I0 ke abhilekha se yaha spaSTa hai ki amAtya sAMbhA ne zAMtinAtha maMdira nirmita karavAyA thA evaM 1438 I0 meM A~tarI meM eka bhikSAgRha bhI banavAyA thaa| isa maMdira meM usane zAMtinAtha ko pItala ko pratimA sthApita karavAI thii| gajapAla ke pazcAt usakA putra somadAsa zAsaka huaa| mAuMTaAbU meM acalagar3ha meM AdinAtha kI pItala kI pratimA ke 1461 I0 ke lekha meM isa pratimA ke DUMgarapura meM rAvala somadAsa ke zAsanakAla meM nirmita hone kA ullekha hai / yaha mUrti tapAgaccha saMgha dvArA AbU meM lAI gaI thI tathA sAMbhA ne apanI patnI karaNAde aura putroM sAlhA aura mAlhA ke sAtha milakara sthApita karavAI, jisakA pratiSThA samAroha tapAgaccha ke lakSmIsAgara sUri ke dvArA sampanna huA thaa|' sAMbhA ke pazcAt usakA putra sAlhA somadAsa kA amAtya banA, jisane udAratA pUrva dAna diye / 1. ojhA-DUgarapura rAjya, pR0 1 / 2. vahI, pR0 15 / 3. rAistro , pR0 129 / 4. ojhA-mevAr3a rAjya, pR0 42 / 5. erirAmyUa, 1915-16 / 6. vhii| 17. zrI mahArAvala abhi0 grantha, pR0 398 / 8. erirAmyUa, 1929-30, kra0 3 /

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42 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 1464 I0 meM duSkAla ke samaya vaha pratidina 2000 logoM ko bhojana karavAtA thaa|" usane giripura ke pAzvanAtha maMdira kA jIrNoddhAra karavAyA tathA apane pitA dvArA nirmita AMtarI ke maMdira meM eka maNDapa aura devakulikA kA nirmANa krvaayaa| usane vahAM para marudevI kI eka gajArUr3ha pratimA bhI bnvaaii| isa punanirmita maMdira kA pratiSThA-samAroha 1468 I0 meM somavijaya sUri ke dvArA sampanna karavAyA gayA thaa| usane apane janma sthAna DUMgarapura se 5 mIla dUra thAnA meM eka jaina maMdira kA nirmANa kArya bhI prArambha karavAyA, jo pUrNa nahIM ho skaa|2 sAhityika pramANoM se jJAta hotA hai ki "siddha-hema-bRhada vRtti aSTama", "zrI sukamAlasvAmI caritra", aura "kAvya-kalpalatAkavi-zikSAvRtti" nAmaka grantha-rAvala somadAsa ke zAsanakAla meM ho likhe gaye the| inake kAla kA eka jainAcArya kA smAraka bhI upalabdha hai|4 inhIM ke rAjyakAla meM 1462 I0 aura 1473 I0 meM katipaya jaina pratimAoM kA pratiSThA samAroha bhI sampanna huA thaa|5 rAvala somadAsa ke putra gaMgadAsa the va gaMgadAsa ke uttarAdhikArI udayasiMha hue| bA~savAr3A rAjya ke naugAmA meM zAMtinAtha jaina maMdira kI dIvAra para utkIrNa 1514 I0 ke zilAlekha meM ullekha hai ki yaha rAjA udayasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM hummar3a jAti ke dozI campA ke putra aura pautroM ke dvArA nirmita karavAyA gayA thA / paravartI kAla meM bhI jaina mata yahA~ nirantara unnatizIla rahA, jo pazcAtavartI kAla meM yahA~ khojI gaI pratimAoM se pramANita hotA hai / pratApagar3ha rAjya meM bhI jaina dharma unnatizIla sthiti meM thA, jisakA pramANa 14vIM va 15vIM zatAbdI kI devalI, jhA~sadI aura pratApagar3ha ke jaina maMdiroM kI pratimAoM ke lekhoM se spaSTa hotA hai| devalo ke jaina maMdira meM pItala kI pratimA ke pRSTha para utkIrNa 1316 I0 ke abhilekha meM, dhandhalezvara vAtaka kasbe ke nivAsI zrImAlajAtIya ThAkura khetAka ke dvArA pArzvanAtha kI pratimA apane pitA ThAkura phampA aura mAtA hA~salA. devI ke AdhyAtmika kalyANa ke nimitta sthApita karavAne kA ullekha hai| 1. erirAmyUa, 1925-26, ka0 8 / 2. ojhA-DUMgarapura rAjya, pR0 58 / 3. zrI mahArAvala abhi0 grantha, pR0 399 / 4. erirAmyUa, varSa 1916-17 / 5. ojhA-DUMgarapura rAjya, pR0 70-71 / 6. erirAmyUa, 1916-17, kra0 5 / 7. vahI, 1914-15 / 8. vahI, pR0 1921-22 / 9. vahI, 1921-22, kra0 6 /

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 43 (3) hAr3otI kSetra meM jainadharma : madhyakAla meM hAr3autI kSetra meM jaina mata zrAvakoM meM paryApta lokapriya thA kintu yahA~ rAjyAzraya prApta karane ke adhika abhilekhIya pramANa upalabdha nahIM hote haiN| 13vIM zatAbdI meM bUndI meM hAr3autI rAjya kI sthApanA ho cukI thI tathA koTA va jhAlAvAr3a ke kSetra bhI isI ke antargata the| madhyakAla meM yaha pradeza mugala samrAToM ke dillI se mAlavA jAne ke mArga meM thA / mugala abhiyAnoM kA ina zatAbdiyoM meM isa pradeza meM. bAhulya rahA, ataH jaina mata vyApaka rUpa se rAjAoM kA saMrakSaNa grahaNa nahIM kara pAyA, kintu sthAnIya zAsaka jaina dharma ke virodhI bhI nahIM the| isakA spaSTa pramANa hameM hAr3autI kI rAjadhAnI bandI meM dekhane ko milatA hai, jahA~ vartamAna meM 12 digambara jaina mandira, eka nasiyA~ va 2 zvetAmbara jaina mandira haiN| inameM bahuta se maMdira madhyakAla meM nirmita huye| gar3ha ke nikaTa RSabhadeva jaina mandira, abhinandana svAmI mandira, zAMtinAtha, pArzvanAtha, neminAtha Adi ke mandira racanA zailI se atIva sAdagIpUrNa tathA madhyakAlIna pratIta hote haiM / RSabhadeva mandira meM 1257 I0 kI kASThAsaMghIya bhaTTAraka dvArA pratiSThita sambhavanAtha kI pratimA hai / yahA~ ke jaina mandiroM meM madhyakAla meM pratiSThita anekoM pratimAeM haiN| hAr3autI kA prasiddha jaina tIrtha kezorAyapATana 14vIM zatAbdI meM bUndI riyAsata ke antargata A gayA thA / yahA~ aneka santoM evaM AcAryoM kA bihAra hotA rahatA thA / nemicandra siddhAnti-deva jaise tapasvI muni kA yaha sthAna sAdhanA kendra thaa| unhoMne 266 "gAthAtmaka padArtha-lakSaNa rUpa laghu dravya saMgraha" evaM vizeSa tatva jJAna ke liye "bRhad dravya saMgraha" kI isI mandira meM racanA kI thii| yaha nagara usa samaya mAlavA zAsana ke antargata thA evaM mAlavA evaM dhArAdhipati paramAravaMzIya bhojadeva ke prAMtIya zAsaka, paramAravaMzIya zrIpAla dvArA zAsita thaa| soma nAmaka rAjazreSThI zrIpAla kA vizvasanIya adhikArI thaa| isI dharmAnurAgI zreSThI ke anurodha para ukta granthoM kI racanA huI thii| isa mandira meM kaI madhyakAlIna jaina pratimAeM haiM aura kucha to 1270 I0, 1293 I0 ko bhI hai| isI prakAra isa kSetra meM nainavAM prAcInakAla se hI jainadharma kA kendra rhaa| yahA~ ke mandiroM meM zAstra bhaNDAra bhI haiM, jinameM 1412 I0 kI 'pradyumna caritra" kI prati prAcInatama hai| kezavasiMha nAmaka kavi ne "bhadrabAhu caritra" kI racanA yahIM samApta kI thii| jainavAM meM 6 jaina mandira va eka nasiyA hai / yahAM se prApta 1294 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM digambara bhaTTAraka pratApadeva kA sandarbha hai| 1. ane0, varSa 19, aMka 1-2, pR070 / 2. vahI, kAsalIvAla, ke0 pATana, pR0 13 / 3. vahI, pR0 52 / 4. varadA, 14, pR0 22-25 /

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44 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma yahIM ke eka 1276 I0 ke prastara lekha meM padmanandI ke eka ziSya kA ullekha milatA hai|' nagara kI nau niSedhikAoM meM se adhikAMza 13vIM se 16vIM zatAbdI taka kI haiM / "siddha cakra kathA" grantha kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki jaba yaha grantha nainavAM meM 1458 I0 meM likhA gayA thA, taba vahA~ mAlavA ke sultAna alAuddIna kA rAjya thA / jhAlAvAr3a kSetra ke bakAnI grAma meM AdinAtha kI 1488 I0 kI prAcInatama pratimA upalabdha hai / jhAlarApATana ke zAntinAtha jaina mandira meM kucha pratimAe~ 1433 I0 se 1563 I0 taka kI haiM, jinakI pratiSThA balAtkAragaNa ke IDara zAkhA ke vibhinna bhaTTArakoM ne karavAI thii| 14vIM zatAbdI meM, muslima senAoM dvArA zAMtinAtha maMdira dhvasta hone ke bAda koTA ke mahArAva ummedasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM isakA punanirmANa huA thaa| ( 4 ) sirohI rAjya meM jaina mata : ____ arbuda maNDala kA yaha pradeza prAcIna paramparAoM ke anusAra jaina mata kA samRddha va utkarSazIla kendra rahA hai| muslima AkramaNoM evaM vidhvaMsa ke bAvajUda jainAcAryoM kI preraNA va rAjakIya saMrakSaNa se mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra hotA rahA aura yaha kSetra jaina dharma ko samRddha banAtA rahA / dhanArI ke jaina mandira ke 1291 I0 ke lekha meM paramAra vaMza ke naye rAjA sAlAsuta jaitamAla kA nAma hai| sambhavataH yaha lekha mandira ke jIrNoddhAra se sambandhita hai| sirohI kSetra ke vadhinA ke zAntinAtha mandira ke 1302 I0 ke lekha meM mahArAja sAmanta deva siMha ke kalyANavijaya rAjya meM, zAntinAtha deva kI yAtrA mahotsava ke nimitta kucha solaMkiyoM dvArA sAmUhika rUpa se gA~va, kheta aura kue ke hisAba se kucha anudAna kI vyavasthA kA ullekha hai|" jUnA, bAr3amera se prApta 1295 I0 ke AdinAtha mandira ke lekha meM bhI sAmantasiMhadeva kA ullekha hai / isa lekha meM mandira kI vyavasthA ke nimitta kucha karoM kA ullekha hai| 1332 I0 ke "kAlandrI abhilekha" se jJAta hotA hai ki eka sampUrNa saMgha ne yahAM AmaraNa upavAsa kiyA thaa| isa prakAra amaratva prApta karane vAle sabhI logoM ke nAma isa abhilekha meM haiN| yaha varNana 14vIM zatAbdI meM jaina dharma aura isake siddhAntoM ke prati logoM kI niSThA aura AsthA kA pramANa hai / sirohI ke zAsakoM ke rAjyakAla meM jaina dharma nirantara pravaddhita 1. varadA, 14, pR0 22-25 / 2. yaha grantha jayapura ke biradhIcanda jaina mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM saMgrahIta hai| 3. jairA, pR0 153 / 4. jaina tIrtha sarva saMgraha, pR0 253 / 5. nAjailesa, bhAga 1, kra0 959 / 6. vahI, kra0 918, pR0 244 / 47. jaiirA, pR0 37 /

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 45 aura prasArita hotA rahA / piMDavAr3A ke mahAvIra mandira meM 1408 I0 ke abhilekha meM varNana milatA hai ki rAjakumAra sohaja ke zAsanakAla meM sthApanA kI gaI thI / ' varddhamAna kI pratimA kI AbU delavAr3A ke pittalahara mandira ke 1468 I0 ke lekha meM "zrI arbuda girI devar3A zrI rAjadhara sAgara zrI DUMgarasiMha rAjya " aMkita hai, jisase isa kSetra meM rAjanItika uthala-puthala hone kA AbhAsa hotA hai, kyoMki ye nAma isa kAla kI sirohI kI rAjya - paramparA se mela nahIM khAte / 1458 I0 ke khartaravasahi mandira ke lekha ke sandarbha meM, isa samaya yahA~ rANA kumbhA kA rAjya honA cAhiye / 3 AbU roDa sTezana se tIna mIla dUra RSabha mandira meM prastara para utkIrNa abhilekha se isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai ki 1542 I0 meM rAyasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM RSabha Azrama kA nirmANa rAyamala ne karavAyA thA / 1546 I0 meM durjana sAla ke rAjyakAla meM lacchalade" aura teja -- pAla 6 kI smRti meM do mUrtiyA~ banavAI gaI thIM / tejapAla dvArA nirmita mUrti 1565 I0 meM banI thI / isI prakAra piMDavAr3A ke mahAvIra mandira meM bAI gaurAMgade aura lakSmIkI smRti meM do mUrtiyA~ nirmita huI thIM / akabara ke nimantraNa para phatehapura sIkarI jAte samaya hIravijaya sUri sirohI meM ruke the, jahA~ unakA svAgata rAjA suratANa siMha ke dvArA kiyA gayA thA / isa avasara para rAjA ne zarAba na pIne, AkheTa na karane, mAMsa na khAne evaM aniyamita seksa jIvana vyatIta na karane kI pratijJA lI thI / sUri jI ke upadezoM se usane kucha kara bhI samApta kara diye the / sirohI ke mandira ke abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki nagara kA caturmukha jaina mandira 1577 I0 meM suratANa siMha ke putra mahArAjA rAjasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM nirmita huA thA / 10 sirohI kSetra meM madhyakAla meM vipula jaina sAhitya kA sRjana huA / nAgendra gaccha ke udayaprabha sUri ne AbU meM "dharmAbhyudaya" mahAkAvya, 1. erirAmyUa, 1909-10, kra0 3 / 2. apralesa, saM0 407, pR0 161 / 3. vahI, saM0 441, pR0 173 / 4. erirAmyUa, 1924-25, kra0 110 / 5. aprajailesa, kra0 379 / 6. vahI, kra0 380 / 7. vahI, kra0 383 / 8. vahI, kra0 383-84 9. sUrIzvara aura samrAT akabara, pR0 188 | 10. aprajailesa, kra0 250 / 1233 I0 meM 1230 I0 meM

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-46 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jenadhamaM " - isI gaccha ke vijayasena sUri ne "revaMtagiri rAsa" kI racanA AbU meM kI / candrAvatI evaM AbU meM hI 1225 I0 meM somezvara ne "kIrtikaumudI" evaM "suratotsava", koraTA meM 1306 I0 meM prajJAtilaka sUri ne "kacchulI rAsa ", caMdrAvatI meM 13vIM zatAbdI meM udayasUri ne "piDavizuddhi vivaraNa", dharmapravRtti" evaM "caMtya vaMdana dIpikA ", jinaprabha sUri ne AbU meM 1221 I0 meM "tIrthakalpa", somasundara sUri ke ziSyoM ne AbU meM " guruguNaratnAkara kAvya", jIrAvalA meM mANikyasundara sUri ne 1421 I0 meM "pRthvIcandra caritra" kI racanA, jIrAvalA meM hI 1428 I0 meM pippalagaccha ke hIrAnanda sUri ne "vidyAvilAsa caritra pavAr3e" va AbU meM " vastupAla * tejapAla rAsa", jIrAvalA meM 1446 I0 meM tapAgacchIya paMDita somadharmagaNi ne " upadeza saptatikA" tathA yahIM para 1467 I0 meM " somasaubhAgya kAvya" kI racanA huI / ' (5) jaisalamera kSetra meM jainadharma : madhyakAla meM jaisalamera meM bhATI rAjapUtoM ke zAsanakAla meM jaina dharmaM atyadhika unnatizIla huA / kaI rAjAoM ne dhArmika samArohoM meM sammilita hokara dhArmika gatividhiyoM meM apanI rUci pradarzita kI / yahA~ kaI kalAtmaka mandiroM ke nirmANa huye, saMgha yAtrAe~ Ayojita huIM tathA asaMkhya grantha maulika rUpa se likhe gaye yA pratilipi kiye gaye / 13vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvAddha meM jaisalamera nagara bhATiyoM kI rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM astitva meM AyA / jaisalamera bhaNDAra meM saMgrahIta 1228 I0 kI kRti "dhanyazAlibhadra caritra" meM isa nagara kA nAmollekha hai, jisase spaSTa siddha hotA hai ki yaha nagara nirmANa ke turanta bAda se hI jaina dharma kA kendra rahA hogA / 2 1283 I0 meM jina prabodha sUri ke jaisalamera Agamana para mahArAjA karNa ne apanI senA ke sAtha unakA hArdika svAgata kiyA thA / mahArAjA ke Agraha para sUrijI ne cAturmAsa vahIM vyatIta kiyA / jaitrasiMha prathama ke rAjyakAla meM jainAcArya jinacandrasUri jaisalamera Aye the, usa samaya yahA~ aneka dhArmika Ayojana huye the / jaisalamera meM 1416 I0 meM rAjA lakSmaNa siMha ke zAsanakAla meM jinezvara sUri ke upadezoM se cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha kA mandira nirmita karavAyA gayA / ludravA se lAI gaI pArzvanAtha kI pratimA ko isa mandira meM sthApita kiyA gayA aura isa mandira ko "lakSmaNa vilAsa" nAma diyA / yaha nAmakaraNa jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI rAjA ke prati kRtajJatA tathA rAjA ke jainadharma ke prati sneha kA dyotaka hai| 1. asAve, pR0 48-51 / 2. somANI - rAjasthAna ke aitihAsika zodha lekha, pR0 148 / 3. khabRgu, pu0 58 / 4. nAjailesa, 3, kra0 2112 /

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 47 lakSmaNa kA uttarAdhikArI vayarasiMha haa| 1436 I0 meM pAsada ne apane parivAra ke sadasyoM ke sAtha cintAmaNi mandira meM supArzvanAtha kI pratimA kI sthApanA, vayarasiMha ke rAjyakAla meM hI karavAI thii|' sAha hemarAja aura pUnA ne 1437 I0 meM sambhavanAtha kA mandira nirmita karavAyA thaa| isa mandira kA pratiSThA mahotsava harSollAsa 'pUrvaka 1440 I0 meM Ayojita huA thaa| jinabhadra sUri ne sambhavanAtha sahita anya 300 mUrtiyoM kI sthApanA va pratiSThA yahA~ kI thii| rAjA vayarasiMha bhI isa utsava meM sammilita huye the| inake zAsana kAla meM zAha lolA ne apane parivAra ke kaI -sadasyoM ke sAtha pArzvanAtha ko eka kAyotsarga pratimA 1440 I0 meM sthApita kI / 3 cAcigadeva, vayarasiMha kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI, 1448 I0 meM siMhAsanArUr3ha huA / inake zAsana kAla meM 1461 I0 meM sajAka, sacoharAja" aura sajjA ne kramazaH nandIzvara paTTikA, zatrujaya giranArAvatAra paTTikA kA pratiSThA mahotsava jinacandra sUri ke dvArA Ayojita krvaayaa| devakarNa ke zAsana kAla meM bhI jaina dharma kA tIvra saMvardhana huaa| isake kAla meM sAMvalecA gotra ke khetA aura copar3A gotra ke pA~cA ne zAntinAtha aura aSTApada ke do prasiddha mandira 1479 I0 meM nirmita karavAye / sambhavataH ye donoM zreSThI parivAra Apasa meM sambandhI the| saMghavI khetA ne apane parivAra ke sAtha zatrujaya giranAra Adi tIrthoM kI kaI bAra yAtrA kii| usane sambhavanAtha mandira kI prasiddha tapapaTTikA kA pratiSThA-samAroha bhI sampanna karavAyA thaa| 1479 I0 meM pATaNa ke zreSThI dhanapati ne inake rAjyakAla meM hI zAntinAtha kI pratimA kA pratiSThA mahotsava Ayojita kara, ise pArzvanAtha mandira meM pratiSThita krvaayaa| isI mandira meM 1479 I0 meM hemA aura bhImasI ne "jinavarendra paTTikA' nirmita krvaaii| isI samaya RSabhadeva mandira meM marUdevI kI pratimA nirmita karavAI gii| 1524 I0 meM rAvala jaitra siMha ke Adeza se kiye gaye nirmANa kAryoM kA ullekha 1. nAjailesa, kra0 2114 / 2. vahI, kra0 2139 / 3. vahI, kra0 2145 / 4. vahI kra0 2116 / 5. vahI, kra. 2117 / 6. vahI kra. 2119 / 7. vahI, kra0 2154 / 8. vahI, kra0 2120 / 9. vahI, kra0 2404 /

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48 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma hai, jisameM eka kUpa tathA dazAvatAra kI pratimAoM ke nirmANa kA bhI ullekha hai / " 1523 I0 kI jaisalamera kI zAntinAtha mandira kI prazasti meM, jayantasiMha ke rAjyakAla meM, ukezavaMzIya saMghavAla gotra ke saMghI ambA ke putra saMghI kocara Adi ke dvArA saMgha ke sAtha dharma sthAnoM kI yAtrA kI tathA usake upalakSya meM 'lahaNa' dene kA ullekha hai | 'kalpasiddhAnta' Adi dhArmika graMthoM ke likhavAne va dAna dene kA bhI isameM varNana hai / 1526 I0 kI jaisalamera ke zAntinAtha mandira kI eka anya prazasti meM rAjA jayantasiMha aura kuMvara lUNakarNa kI duhAI ke pazcAt ukezavaMzIya saMkhavAla AmbA ke putra kocara ke dvArA koraMTa nagara aura saMkhvAlI gA~va meM UMce toraNa vAle prAsAda banavAne aura AbU kI saMgha yAtrA meM jAne kA ullekha hai / isane apanA samasta dhana logoM ko dAna dekara 'karNa' kA sthAna prApta kiyaa| isI ke vaMzaja khetA ne jaisalamera durga meM aSTApada tIrtha prAsAda 1479 I0 meM banavAyA thA / isane sunaharI akSaroM meM kalpasiddhAnta kI pustakeM bhI likhavAI thIM / 1593 I0 meM bhImasena ke zAsanakAla meM saMghavI pAsadatta ke dvArA jinakuzala sUri kI pAdukA nirmita karavAI gaI / " ( 6 ) jodhapura aura bIkAnera rAjyoM meM jaina mata : / jodhapura aura bIkAnera rAjyoM meM, mukhyataH rAThaur3a zAsakoM ke saMrakSaNa meM, isa kAla meM jaina mata bahuta puSpita evaM pallavita huA / ina kSetroM ke zAsaka jainAcAryoM ke prati zraddhAlu evaM dharma sahiSNu the / zAsaka Adara bhAva se unase milate the aura rAjya meM unake Agamana para unakA hArdika svAgata kiyA jAtA thA jAlaura kI eka masjida, jo musalamAnoM dvArA tor3e mandiroM kI avaziSTa sAmagrI se nirmita hai, meM 1211 I0 kA eka zilAlekha prApta huA hai / chaH paMktiyoM vAle isa lekha meM kAMcanagiri para sthita vihAra aura jaina mandira ke nirmANa kA byaurA hai / lekha ke anusAra cAlukya rAjakumAra pAla dvArA yahA~ eka vihAra kA nirmANa devAcArya kI adhyakSatA meM 1964 I0 meM huA thA / isake pazcAt 1985 I0 meM cahamAnavaMzIya samarasiMha deva kI AjJA se bhaNDArI yazovIra ne isakA punarnirmANa karavAyA thA / 1199 I0 meM yahA~ dhvajArohaNa, toraNa 1. nAjailesa, pR0 35-40 / 2. vahI, kra0 2154 / 3. gAosa, 21, ape0 5 / 4. vahI / 5. nAjailesa, 3, kra0 2494 / 6. rAistro, pR0 100 /

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 49 Adi kI pratiSThA huI aura phira 1211 I0 meM dIpotsava para pUrNa deva sUri ke ziSya rAmacandrAcArya ne svarNa kalaza kI pratiSThA kI / " mahArAjA cAcigadeva ke zAsanakAla ke, jAlaura ke mahAvIra mandira ke 1266 I0 ke lekha meM, maThapati goSThika ke samakSa mandira ke nimitta anudAna kA ullekha hai / jAlaura se hI prApta mahAvIra mandira ke 1263 I0 ke lekha meM bhI mandira ko diye gaye dAna kA ullekha hai / 3 jasolA se 3 mIla dUra sthita, nagara meM jaina mata atyadhika lokapriya thA / yaha nagara jodhapura rAjya kI prAcIna rAjadhAnI kheDA ke zAsaka mallinAtha ke uttarAdhikAriyoM dvArA zAsita hotA thA / isa sthAna ke rAThaur3a zAsaka udAra dRSTikoNa vAle the / ataH jaina mata unnatizIla rahA / 1459 I0 meM rAduMda ke zAsanakAla meM govindarAja ne modarAja gaNi ke upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara mahAvIra mandira ke liye anudAna diyA thA / rAvala kuzakaNa ke zAsanakAla ke RSabhadeva mandira se prApta 1511 I0 ke abhilekha meM varNita hai ki vimalanAtha mandira ke raMgamaNDapa kA nirmANa vIramapurA ke saMgha ke dvArA karavAyA gayA thA / " jodhapura meM sumatinAtha evaM zItalanAtha kI pratimAoM ke 1508 I0 ke lekhoM meM, bhaNDArI gotra ke sAhU narA evaM parivAra dvArA, saMDeragaccha ke zAMti sUri ke mAdhyama se sumatinAtha bimba pratiSThA aura upakezavaMzIya sAMDA evaM parivAra dvArA, siddhAntigaccha ke devasundara sUri dvArA zItalanAtha kI bimba pratiSThA karavAne kA ullekha hai / rAvala meghavijaya rAjA ke zAsanakAla meM zAMtinAtha mandira ke nalI maNDapa kA nirmANa kArya pUrNa huA thA / 7 1580 I0 ke abhilekha meM varNita hai ki isa mandira kA rAvala meghavijaya ke zAsanakAla meM jIrNoddhAra kiyA gayA thA, jo akabara pratibodhaka hIravijaya sUri ke dvArA sampanna huA thA / lagabhaga 1488 I0 meM bIkAjI ne apane samarthakoM ke sAtha jodhapura nagara tyAga kara bIkAnera kI sthApanA kI thI / unhoMne va unake uttarAdhikAriyoM ne jaina dharma kI prabhAvanA ko puSTa karane meM atyadhika utsAha pradarzita kiyA / akabara kA samakAlanI mahArAjA rAyasiMha, jinacandra sUri kA ziSya bana gayA thA / apane maMtrI karmacandra ke nivedana va sahayoga se 1582 I0 meM vaha akabara kI AjJA se, sirohI jaina mandira se turAsAnakhAna 1. rAistro, pR0 101 / 2. nAjailesa, 1, kra0 903, pR0 238 / 3. vahI, kra0 901 / 4. vahI, 3, kra0 931 / 5. proriAsavesa, 1911-12, pR0 54 / 6. nAjailesa, bhAga 1, kra0 596 / 7. proriAsavesa, 1911-12, pR0 54 / 4

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50 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharmaM dvArA lUTI gaI 1050 pratimAe~ vApasa lAyA thA / sambhavataH isa vaktavya meM kiMcita atizayokti hai, kyoMki turAsAnakhAna kA sambhavataH akabara se koI lenA-denA nahIM thA / bIkAnera durga ke dvAra ke pArzva meM mahArAjA rAyasiMha ke samaya kI, 1594 I0 kI eka prazasti meM, racayitA kSemacandra kA ziSya jayitA nAmaka eka jaina muni varNita hai tathA durga-nirmANa mantrI karmacandra ke nirIkSaNa meM sampanna hone kA bhI ullekha hai / karmacandra ne lAhaura meM jinacandra sUri kA 'yuga pradhAna padotsava' Ayojita karavAyA thA, jisameM mahArAjA rAyasiMha ne kuMara dalapatasiMha ke sAtha bhAga liyA thA aura sUri jI ko bahuta se dhArmika grantha bheMTa meM diye the / jinacandra sUri ke paTTadhara jinasiMha sUri se mahArAjA rAyasiMha ke acche sambandha the / inhIM ke zAsanakAla meM hammIra ne apane parivAra ke sadasyoM ke sAtha neminAtha kI pratimA sthApita kI thI / (7) jayapura rAjya meM jenadhamaM : jayapura rAjya meM kachAvA zAsakoM ke antargata jaina dharma unnati aura samRddhi ko prApta huA / rAjya meM lagabhaga 50 jaina dIvAna kArya karate the, jinake saMrakSaNa meM dhArmika pustakoM kI pratiyA~, mandiroM kA nirmANa aura pratimAoM ke pratiSThA Ayojana sampanna huye / isa kAla meM jayapura rAjya kI vibhinna choTI-choTI riyAsatoM meM zaktizAlI ThAkuroM kI jAgIradArI meM bhI jaina dharma ko paryApta saMrakSaNa aura pravarddhana prApta huA / hiNDauna ke zreyAMsanAtha mandira kI AdinAtha ekatIrthI ke 1485 I0 ke lekha meM rAjA mAnasiMha rAula kA nAmollekha hai / 4 1538 I0 meM karmacandra ke zAsanakAla meM " bhaviSyadatta caritra" kI prati likhI gaI thI / " 1559 I0 meM neminAtha mandira meM "pANDava purANa" aura "harivaMza purANa' 7 kI pratilipiyA~ taiyAra kI gaI thIM / bhAramala ke uttarAdhikArI bhagavAnadAsa ke zAsanakAla meM mAlapurA meM " vardhamAna caritra" kI eka prati kI racanA kI gaI thI / " mAnasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM bhI jaina dharma ne nirantara pragati kI / inake zAsanakAla meM 1588 I0 meM mAlapurA ke AdinAtha mandira meM 1. bIjailesa, pR0 27 // 2. ojhA, bIkAnera rAjya, 1, pR0 179 / 3. bIjailesa, pR0 7 / 4. pralesa, kra0 833 / 5. prasa, pR0 148 / 6. vahI, pR0 126 / 7. vahI, pR0 77 / 8. vahI, pR0 170 /

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 51 "harivaMza purANa" kI prati taiyAra kI gaI thI / 1591 I0 meM khaNDelavAla jAti ke thAnasiMha ne bihAra meM pAvApurI meM " SoDazakAraNa yaMtra" kA sthApanA samAroha sampanna karavAyA thA / sAMgAnera kI dAdAbAr3I meM jinakuzala sUri kI pAdukA ke 1599 I0 ke abhilekha meM mAnasiMha ke vijayarAjya meM va mahAmaMtrI karmacandra ke kAla meM kharataragaccha ke yugapradhAna jinacandra sUri ke vijaya rAjya meM, jinakuzala sUri kI pAdukA sarva saMgha ke kalyANArthaM sthApita karane kA ullekha hai / 3 akabara ke kAla meM bairATha meM 1587 I0 meM zrImAla indrarAja ke dvArA pArzvanAtha mandira nirmita karavAne kA ullekha hai / vimalanAtha ko arpita isa mandira kA nAma " mahodayaprAsAda" aura " indravihAra" donoM hI rakhe gaye the / isa samaya bairATha indrarAja nAmaka sAmaMta dvArA zAsita thA / solaMkI rAjAoM dvArA zAsita ToDArAyasiMha meM 1536 I0 meM solaMkI rAjA sUryasena ke zAsanakAla meM uniyArA ke nikaTa Ava meM saMghavI kAlU ne pratimAoM kA pratiSThA samAroha Ayojita kiyA thA 14 jaba ToDArAyasiMha ke Upara rAvarAmacandra kA zAsana thA, taba "yazodhara caritra" kI pRthak-pRthak do pratiyA~ kramaza: 1553 I0 aura 1555 I0 meM likho gaI / 7 isa kAla meM cAtasU jaina dharma kA pramukha kendra thA / yahA~ para graMthoM kI kaI pratiyA~ taiyAra huI / 1525 I0 meM "samyaktva kaumudI 1525 I0 meM " rAjavArtika 9, 1526 I0 meM "candraprabha caritra 10, 1537 I0 meM "zatapAhuDa' 11 aura 1556 I0 meM " upAsakAdhyayana 12 likhI gaI thii| ina graMthoM kI prazastiyA~ aitihAsika mahattva kI haiM / "caMdraprabha caritra" kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki cAtasU rAjA saMgrAma siMha ke adhikAra meM thA aura unake sAmanta ToDArAyasiMha ke rAva rAmacandra, yahA~ rAjya kara rahe the / " zatapAhuDa" 1. prasa, pR0 73 / 2. jaiirA, pR0 45 / 3. pralesa, kra0 1070 / 4. proriAsavesa, 1909-10, pR0 44-45 / 5. pR0 109-10 / vIravANI - 4, 6. prasa, pR0 168 / 7. vahI, pR0 163 / 8. vahI, pR0 63 // 9. vahI, pR0 54 / 10. vahI, pR0 99 / 11. vahI, pR0 175 / 12. vahI, pR0 94 /

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52 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki isake pazcAt yaha pradeza mer3atA ke rAThaura zAsaka vIramade ke niyantraNa meM A gayA thaa| anta meM Amera ke rAjA bhAramala ne yahA~ zAsana kiyA, jaisA ki unake zAsana kAla meM likhita "upAsikA-adhyayana' se jJAta hotA hai / (8) alavara rAjya meM jainadharma : ajabagar3ha', naugAmA aura rAjagar3ha se prApta jaina pratimAoM ke abhilekhoM tathA katipaya prAcIna jaina-smArakoM ke abhilekhIya adhyayana se yaha siddha hotA hai ki isa pradeza meM jaina dharma prAcIna kAla se hI astitva meM thA / gurjara pratihAroM ke pazcAt khAnajAdAoM ke zAsanakAla 15vIM va 16vIM zatAbdI meM bhI, yahA~ jaina mata lokapriya banA rhaa| khAnajAdA mUlataH hindU the, jo 14vIM zatAbdI meM phiroja tugalaka ke zAsanakAla meM dharmAntarita hokara musalamAna ho gaye the, ataH svabhAva evaM saMskAravaza ye sahiSNu the evaM jaina dharma ke prati Adara bhAva rakhate the| madhyakAla meM alavara tIrtha sthAna ke rUpa meM prasiddha ho gayA thA aura asaMkhya tIrthayAtrI yahA~ Ate rahate the| madhyakAla meM likhita tIrthamAlAoM meM yaha sthAna 'rAvaNa pArzvanAtha tIrtha' ke rUpa meM ullikhita hai / sambhavataH rAvaNa ne usa sthAna para kabhI pArzvanAtha pUjana kiyA hogaa| yadyapi yaha tathya kAlpanika va pAramparika hai, kintu alavara kSetra meM jaina dharma kA prAcInatA ko to siddha karatA hI hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki alavara ke nikaTa "pArA nagara" kasbe kA nAmakaraNa jaina tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke nAma para hI huA ho, kyoMki yahA~ asaMkhya jaina bhagnAvazeSa upalabdha haiM aura sambhavataH prAcInakAla meM isa sthAna kA tIrthakara pArzvanAtha se koI sambandha rahA ho / ' tIrtha kSetra hone ke kAraNa bhramaNazIla jaina santa aura vidvAn yahA~ Ate rahate the| alavara kSetra meM katipaya mahattvapUrNa granthoM, jaise-1567 I0 meM sAdhu kIrti ke dvArA "mauna ekAdazI stavana", 1543 I0 meM "laghusaMghatrayI" va "haMsadUta" aura 1546 I0 meM "laghukSetrasamAsa vRtti" kI pratiyA~ taiyAra kI gii| khAnajAdAoM ke zAsanakAla meM tijArA aura bahAdurapura meM bhI hastalikhita granthoM kI kaI pratiyA~ nibaddha kI gii| 1. erirAmyUa, 1918-19, kra0 4, 9evaM 10 / 2. vahI, 1919-20, kra0 3 evaM 4 / 3. Asari, 20, pR0 124 / 4. jaisapra, 10, pR0 99 / 5. jaiirA, pR0 50 / 6. zrI prazasti saMgraha, pR0 96, 108, 115 evaM 125 / 7. vahI, pR0 35 evaM 54 /

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 53 15vIM va 16vIM zatAbdI meM khAnajAdAoM ke zAsanakAla meM mandira bhI nirmita huye aura unameM mUrtiyA~ bhI pratiSThita ko gii| 1516 I0 ke eka jaina abhilekha meM varNita hai ki bahudravyapura ke AdinAtha caitya kA nirmANa zrImAla saMgha ke dvArA karavAyA gayA thA aura usameM eka pratimA kI sthApanA puNyaratna sUri ke dvArA kI gaI thii|' 1531 I0 meM alavara ke upakeza jAti ke eka zrAvaka ne siddhasUri ke mAdhyama se sumatinAtha kI pratimA sthApita karavAI thii| (sa) uttara madhyakAla : 17vIM va 18vIM zatAbdI meM bhI jaina dharma kI rAjasthAna meM bahuta sudRr3ha sthiti raho evaM yaha pragatizIla rahA / yadyapi isa kAla taka jaina mata vibhinna saMghoM evaM gacchoM ke atirikta lokapriya paMthoM meM bhI vibhakta ho cukA thA, jinameM se kucha pUrvavartI zatAbdiyoM ke muslima vidhvaMsa ke prabhAva ke kAraNa amUrtipUjaka bhI the, phira bhI mandiroM ko sthApanA aura pratiSThAoM kA krama rAjakIya saMrakSaNa meM nirantara jArI rhaa| akabara ke dharma sahiSNu vicAroM ke pariNAmasvarUpa 16vIM zatAbdI ke anta taka evaM 17vIM zatAbdo ke pUrvAhna meM jahA~gIra ke kAla taka jainAcAryoM ko atyadhika sammAna prApta thA, kintu tatpazcAt se ho muslima kaTTaratA ke punarjAgRta hone se, 17vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM arthAt auraMgajeba ke zAsanakAla meM, jainadharma ke pratimAnoM ko mUrti bhaMjaka viplava kA sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| 18vIM zatAbdI meM mugala saltanata ke hrAsa ke sAtha hI jaina dharma ko nirbAdha pragati meM nayI pravRttiyA~ vikasita hone lagI evaM samAja meM jaina mata kI lokapriyatA va varcasva akSaNNa banA rahA / (1) mevAr3a meM jainadharma : mahArANA pratApa ke uttarAdhikArI unake putra amarasiMha huye / 1602 I0 ke mevAr3I bhASA ke eka vistRta abhilekha meM amarasiMha ke dvArA vizAla dhanarAzi ke anudAna kA ullekha hai| isI varSa ke nANA gAMva ke abhilekha meM rANA amarasiMha dvArA nANA gAMva mohatA nArAyaNa ko diye jAne kA ullekha hai| isI gAMva se nArAyaNa ne mahAvIra pUjA ke liye eka rahaTa anudAna diyA thaa| nANA gA~va usa samaya mevAr3a rAjya ke antargata thaa| mahArANA jagatasiMha ke kAla meM jaina dharma ko vizeSa rAjakIya saMrakSaNa prApta huA / nADaula meM 1629 I0 meM eka pratimA jayamAlatI dvArA sthApita kI gaI thii|" 1. Asari, 20 pR0 119 / 2. nAjailesa, 1, kra0 1464 / 3. proriAsavesa, 1007-8, pR0 48-49 / 4. nAjailesa, 1, kra0 890 pR0 230 / 5. proriAsa, vesa, 1908-9 pR0 46 /

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54 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jenadhamaM isI varSa nADalAI meM sampUrNa saMgha ke dvArA eka pratimA sthApita kI gaI thI / ' AcArya devasUri kI guNa kIrti sunakara mahArANA jagatasiMha ne apane pradhAnamaMtrI jhAlA kalyANa siMha ke dvArA unheM udayapura meM cAturmAsa vyatIta karane hetu nimantrita kiyA thA / " digvijaya mahAkAvya" se vidita hotA hai ki AcArya devasUri ne nimantraNa svIkAra kiyA aura udayapura Agamana para unakA rAjakIya sammAna ke sAtha bhavya svAgata kiyA gayA / unake vyAkhyAnoM se atyanta prabhAvita hokara rANA ne varakANA nAmaka sthAna para prativarSa hone vAle logoM se vasUla kiye jAne vAle kara aura cuMgI Adi ke liye niSedhAjJA jArI kara dI / eka anya adhyAdeza ke anusAra pichaulA aura udayasAgara jhIla se machalI yA anya kisI jIvita prANI ko pakar3ane kI manAhI thI / prativarSa bhAdrapada mAha, mahAvIra janma mAha aura mahArANA ke rAjyArohaNa divasa ke dinoM meM pazu vadha kA niSedha thA / usane rANA kumbhAkAlIna manIcanda durga para nirmita jaina mandiroM ke jIrNoddhAra kA bhI Adeza diyA evaM udayapura ke jaina mandira meM RSabhadeva kI pratimA kA pUjana kA Ayojana bhI kiyaa| mahArANA jagatasiMhakAlIna mevAr3a ke delavAr3A grAma meM 1741 I0 meM hemarAja ne eka jaina upAzraya banavAyA thA / mahArANA rAjasiMha ke mukhyamantrI dayAla zAha ne rAjanagara meM sundara jaina mandira nirmita karavAyA aura 1675 I0 meM usakA pratiSThAna samAroha vijayasAgara sUri se sampanna karavAyA / " inhIM ke zAsanakAla meM zvetAmbara sampradAya meM sthAnakavAsI zAkhA meM eka krAntikArI parivartana huA / jodhapura rAjya ke kaMTAliyA~ grAma nivAsI bhokhaNajI, raghunAtha ke ziSya the / usa samaya rAjanagara ke zrAvakoM meM raghunAtha jI ke AcAra-vicAra sambandhI mAnyatAoM ko lekara kAphI antardvanda thA / unako samajhAne ke liye 1758 I0 meM raghunAtha jI ne bhIkhaNajI ke netRtva meM eka dala bhejA, kintu bhIkhaNajI bhI apane guru ke AcaraNa para sahamata nahIM the tathA zAstra sammata dRSTi se vicAra karane para unheM Apatti pratIta huI aura inhoMne apane guru se sambandha viccheda kara 1760 I0 meM "terApaMtha " kI sthApanA kI / mahArANA arisiMha ke kAla meM bhISaNa jI ne terApaMtha ke AcArya ke rUpa meM kelavA meM 1763 I0 meM, rAjAnagara meM 1764 I0 meM tathA punaH kelavA meM hI 1768 I0 meM cAturmAsa vyatIta kara terApaMtha kA pracAra-prasAra kiyA 1. proriAsa, vesa, 1908-9, pR0 46 / 2. sijaisi grantha 14 bhUmikA / J 3. rAjapUtAnA ke jaina vIra, pR0 341 / 4. ojhA mevAr3a rAjya, pR0 303 / 5. kesariyA jI tIrtha kA itihAsa, pR0 27 / 6. terApaMtha kA itihAsa, pR0 40-66 /

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 55 isa kAla meM mevAr3a kSetra meM kIrtisundara kAnhajI ne "ApattikumAra coDhAliyA", "maoNkaDadAsa kautuka paccIsI" Adi grantha tathA mahAkavi daulatarAma kAsalIvAla ne udayapura meM rahate huye 1738 I0 meM "jIvandharasvAmI caritra", 1741 I0 meM "adhyAtma bArahakhar3o", "vivekavilAsa" Adi racanAe~ likhiiN| udayapura pravAsa ke samaya meM ho inhoMne kaI granthoM ke Tabbe, TIkAe~ Adi bhI likhiiN|' (2) DUMgarapura, bAMsavAr3A aura pratApagar3ha rAjyoM meM jainadharma : ____ vAgar3a pradeza meM pazcAtavartI kAla meM bhI jaina dharma paryApta samRddha rahA / devalI ke eka jaina mandira kI dIvAra para utkIrNa zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki 1715 I0 meM mahArAvala pRthvIsiMha ke zAsanakAla meM kasbe ke samasta telI, mahAjana samudAya ke sAraiyA aura jIvarAja ke Agraha para 44 dinoM taka apanI ghANiyoM ko banda rakhane ke lie taiyAra ho gaye the| devalI ke hI mallinAtha mandira ke 1717 I0 ke abhilekha meM varNita hai ki jaba mahArAjAdhirAja mahArAvala pRthvIsiMha devagar3ha para zAsana kara rahe the aura pahAr3asiMha unake hone vAle uttarAdhikArI the, taba mallinAtha kA mandira siMghavI zrIvarSa ke putra varddhamAna aura usakI bhAryA rukmiNI ke dvArA banavAyA gayA thaa| mahArAvala sAmantasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM 1781 I0 meM AdinAtha kA mandira dhanarUpa, manarUpa aura abhayacandra ke dvArA nirmita karavAyA gayA / 4 (3) koTA kSetra meM jaina dharma : 17vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM auraMgajeba dakSiNa jAne ke liye isa kSetra se hokara hI gujarA thA aura usakI phauja ne apAra vidhvaMsa lIlA kI thii| usake bAvajUda sthAnIya rAjanayikoM ke saMrakSaNa meM jaina dharma kI pragati nirantara hotI rhii| digambara saMgha ke vibhinna bhaTTAraka samaya-samaya para isa kSetra ko apane Agamana se pAvana karate rahe / koTA meM zvetAMbara sampradAya ke sthAnakavAsI muniyoM kI gAdI bhI rahI / 1689 I0 meM auraMgajeba ke zAsanakAla meM koTA kA rAjA, sAmanta kizorasiMha cauhAna thaa| inake kAla meM koTA kSetra meM sAMgoda ke eka dhanI vyApArI kRSNadAsa ne khAnapura ke nikaTa 1689 I0 meM eka jaina mandira nirmita karavAyA aura apanI patnI va putroM ke sAtha pratiSThA samAroha Ayojita krvaayaa|" isa samaya auraMgajeba dakSiNa meM 1. mahAkavi daulata rAma kAsalIvAla, vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 42-46, 80, 150-252 / 2. erirAmyUa, 1921-22 / 3. vahI, 1934-35, kra0 18 / 4. vahI, kra0 20 / 5. jayapura ke jai0 ma0 ke yantra kA abhilekha /

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56 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadhamaM thA, jahA~ kizora siMha pUrI niSThA se usakI sevA meM thA, to bhI bAra-bAra unase javAba talaba kiyA gayA ki zAhI nIti ke viruddha maMdira kyoM nirmita karavAyA jA rahA hai, kintu sthAnIya adhikArI mugala sAmrAjya kA anta nikaTa jAnate huye use vaMcanApUrNa pratyuttara bhejate rahe / bUndI digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM sampradAyoM kA kSetra thA / isa kAla meM yahA~ aneka hastalikhita granthoM ko pratilipiyA~ taiyAra kI gayIM, jo yahA~ ke 6 zAstra bhaNDAroM meM surakSita / yahA~ kA pArzvanAtha mandira, osavAla jAti ke copar3A rAmalAla ke dvArA 1677 I0 meM nirmita karavAyA gayA thA / isa mandira meM anya sthAnoM se lAyI pratimAe~ bhI surakSita rakhI huI haiM, jinameM se prAcInatama 1274 I0 kI hai / RSabhadeva mandira bAphanA parivAra dvArA banavAyA gayA thA / (4) sirohI kSetra meM jaina dharma : uttaramadhya kAla meM sirohI kSetra meM jaina mata sadA kI bhA~ti pragatizIla rahA / akhaIrAja ke zAsanakAla meM vIravAr3A meM 1667 I0 meM dharmadAsa ne siMhavijaya kI pAdukA kI sthApanA cAtuvidha saMgha ke sAtha milakara karavAI / vIravAr3A "brAhmaNavAr3A" kA prAcIna nAma hai / 1664 I0 meM udayamAna aura jagamAla ne inake zAsanakAla meM kramaza: AdinAtha aura zItalanAtha kI pratimAoM kA pratiSThA samAroha Ayojita karavAyA / isI samaya sampUrNa saMgha ne pesuvA nAmaka sthAna para kunthunAtha kI mUrti kA sthApanA samAroha dhUmadhAma se manAyA evaM 1714 I0 meM mAnasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM sUri jI kI pAdukAe~ pIthA ke dvArA sthApita kI gayIM / " inhIM ke zAsanakAla meM 1730 I0 meM bhaTTAraka cakrezvara sUri ne anya AcAryoM ke sAtha milakara madAra meM sthApanA samAroha sampanna karavAyA / " sirohI ke mA~karorA grAma ke 1733 I0 ke lekha meM ratnasUri, kamala vijaya Adi sAdhuoM dvArA maoNkarorA meM cAturmAsa vyatIta karate samaya zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM dvArA unake prati kI gaI bhakti kA ullekha hai / 1deg 17vIM 1. pralesa, 2, kra0 438 / 2. jairA, pR0 153 // 3. vahI, pR0 154 // 4. aprajailesa, kra0 298 / 5. vahI, kra0 243 / 6. vahI, kra0 257 / 7. vahI, kra0 504 / 8. vahI, kra0 101 / 9. vahI, kra0 103 / 10. nAjailesa, 1, kra0 970, pR0 249 /

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 57 zatAbdI ke prArambha meM aMcala gaccha ke kavi jagalAbha ne "jinAjJA huNDI' sirohI meM, 1626 I0 meM sirohI ke AdIzvara mandira meM tapAgacchIya guNavijaya ne "vijaya prakAza rAsa'' tathA 1690 I0 meM sirohI meM meghavijayopAdhyAya ne "ahaMdagItA" nAmaka saMskRta racanA kA praNayana kiyA / ' (5) jaisalamera kSetra meM jaina dharma bhATiyoM ke udAra saMrakSaNa meM 17vIM va 18vIM zatAbdI meM bhI isa kSetra meM jaina dharma pragatizIla evaM samRddha rahA / 1606 I0 meM pArzvanAtha mandira ke stambha kI pratiSThA sampanna huii| 1615 I0 meM kalyANadAsa ke vijayI zAsanakAla meM jinasiMha sUri ne jinacandra sUri kI pAdukA nirmita krvaaii|3 1616 I0 meM mantrI ToDaramala ne eka upAsarA nirmita krvaayaa|4 1621 I0 meM jinasiMha sUri jaisalamera Aye aura lodravA se lAI gaI ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAtha kI pratimA ko samArohapUrvaka "lakSaNavihAra' mandira meM pratiSThita kiyaa|" buddhasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM gaMgArAma ne apane parivAra ke sAtha 1712 I0 meM tattvasundara gaNi ke sadupadezoM ke prabhAva se pratimAoM kI sthApanA kI akhaIsiMha ke zAsanakAla meM 1749 I0 aura 1755 I0 meM jina udaya sUri ko pUjya pAdukA kA nirmANa, unake ziSyoM ke dvArA karavAyA gayA / mUlarAja bhATI ne bhI jaina mata ko saMrakSaNa diyaa| 1768 I0 meM jinayukta sUri kA stUpa banavAyA gayA / 1733 I0 ke abhilekha meM jinakuzala sUri ke stpa ke pAsa dIvikAoM ke nirmANa kA ullekha hai| yaha stapa jinacandra sUri kI satpreraNA se saMgha ke dvArA sthApita kiyA gayA thaa|deg 1786 I0 meM dhamma pAdukA banavAI gaI, jisakA sthApanA samAroha paM0 rUpacandra ke dvArA sampanna karavAyA gayA / 11784 I0 meM paNDita vardhamAna ke avazeSoM 1. asAvai, pR0 48-51 / 2. nAjalesa, 3, kra0 2595 / 3. vahI, ka0 2497 / 4. vahI, kra0 2447 / 5. vahI, kra02498 / 6. vahI, kra0 2501 / 7. vahI, kra0 2508 evaM 2509 / 8. vahI, kra0 2503 / / 9 jailesa, pR0 125 / 10. nAjailesa, 3, kra0 2502 / 11. vahI, kra0 2510 /

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58 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadhamaM para stambha nirmita karavAyA gyaa| isa prakAra jaina dharma kA prArambhika kAla se hI yahA~ kAphI prabhAva rahA / bhaugolika vizeSatAoM, zuSka prakRti va AvAgamana ke sulabha sAdhanoM ke abhAva ke phalasvarUpa jaisalamera pradeza sAmAnyataH bAhya AkramaNakAriyoM ke prabhAva se bacA rahA / yaha kSetra zAnti va surakSA kA kSetra thA, isI se prabhAvita hokara jaina zreSThiyoM ne yahA~ apanA nivAsa cunA; ataH yaha jainAcAryoM kI dharmasthalI bana gayA / surakSA kI dRSTi se jainAcAryoM ne prAcIna tAr3apatrIya graMthAdi sAhitya, yahA~ saMgrahIta kiyA / jaisalamera graMtha bhaNDAroM ke liye sAre deza meM prasiddha hai / yahA~ durlabha, prAcIna evaM hastalikhita granthoM evaM citroM kA anupama saMgraha hai / (6) jodhapura evaM bIkAnera rAjyoM meM jaina dharma : jodhapura evaM bIkAnera rAjyoM meM bhI uttara madhyakAla meM jaina dharma avirala phalatAphUlatA rahA / 1609 I0 ke kokinda ke pArzvanAtha mandira ke lekha meM mahArAjA zUrasiMha, kumAra gajasiMha va jaina AcArya vijayakuzala, sahajasAgara, vijaya jayasAgara Adi kA ullekha haiM / rAvala tejasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM saMgha ke dvArA zAMtinAtha mandira kA jIrNoddhAra sampanna huA / RSabhadeva mandira ke abhilekha meM varNita hai ki rAvala tejasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM bhaTTAraka vijayadeva sUri ne apane upadezoM se 1610 I0 meM isa mandira kA kucha bhAga punarnirmita karavAyA / isa sthAna ke jaina samudAya ne rAvala jagamAla ke zAsanakAla meM nAkor3A pArzvanAtha tIrtha ke nimitta 1629 I0 meM catu:zikIkA kA nirmANa karavAyA / 1624 I0 meM pArzvanAtha mandira meM rAvala jagamAla ke zAsanakAla meM hI jaina samAja ke dvArA eka nirgama catuHzikIkA, jisameM tIna khir3akiyA~ bhI thIM, kA nirmANa karavAyA gayA / jodhapura ke rAThaura zAsakoM ne dhArmika sahiSNutA kI nIti kA nirantara pAlana kiyA / 1612 I0 meM sUryasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM vastupAla ne apanI bhAryA aura putra sahita pArzvanAtha kI pratimA kA sthApanA samAroha sampanna kiyA / gajasiMha ke zAsanameM 1629 I0 meM bhAmA ne kApar3a meM apanI patnI, putroM evaM pautroM ke sAtha pArzvanAtha 1. nAjailesa, 3 kra0 2511 / 2. vahI, 1, kra0 874 / 3. proriAsavesa, 1911-12, pR0 54 / 4. vahI / 5. vahI / 6. vahI / 7. nAjailesa, kra0 773 /

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 59. kI pratimA sthApita kii|' yaha abhilekha aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI mahattva rakhatA hai, kyoMki isase siddha hotA hai ki sirohI rAjya kA aMga kAparDI, usa samaya jodhapura rAThaur3ake zAsakoM ke antargata thA / sambhavataH rAThaur3oM kA isa para adhikAra sUryasiMha dvArA suratANasiMha ke samarpaNa ke uparAnta huA hogA / abhilekha se yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki AdinAtha, mahAvIra aura pArzvanAtha ke madiroM meM 14 I0 meM jAlaura ke zAsaka gaNasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM jayamala ke dvArA naI pratimAeM nirmita karavAI gii| jAlaura ke 1624 I0 ke mahAvIra mandira ke lekha meM ballekha hai ki mahAvIra bimba kI pratiSThA vijayadeva sUri dvArA huI thii| jAlaura ke hI 1626 I0 ke lekha meM muhaNota parivAra dvArA gajasiMha ke rAjya meM dharmanAtha kI bimba pratiSThA kA ullekha hai| inake zAsanakAla meM hI mer3atA" aura pAlI meM 1629 I0 meM katipaya pratimAeM sthApita kI gaI thiiN| mer3atA kI pratimA ke lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki bAI pUrNA maniyA ne apane putroM ke sAtha sumati nAtha kI pratimA kI sthApanA kI thii| pAlI kI pArzvanAtha kI pratimA ke lekha meM gajasiMha ke zAsanakAla va unake kavara amarasiMha kA ullekha hai tathA pAlI para jasavaMta ke putra jagganAtha cauhAna kA adhikAra hone kA ullekha hai| yaha pratimA pAlI nivAsI zrImAla jAtIya do bhAI DUnIgara aura bhavAra ke dvArA banavAI gaI thii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pAlI ke cauhAna rAjA jagganAtha ne jodhapura ke rAThaur3a zAsakoM kA prabhutva svIkAra kara liyA thA evaM jaina mata ko saMrakSaNa diyaa| 1629 I0 ke pAlI ke pratimA lekha meM jagat guru tathA gacchAdhipati hIravijaya sUri evaM vijayasena sUri kA ullekha hai / 1629 I0 ke nADaula lekha meM mahArAja gajasiMha aura vijayadeva sUri kA ullekha hai / 1629 I0 ke pAlI ke naulakhA mandira ke lekha meM mahAvIra kI pratimA kI pratiSThA kiye jAne kA ullekha hai| 1629 I0 ke hI mahArAjA gajasiMha ke zAsanakAla ke jAlora ke lekha meM, rAjya ke pramukha nyAyAdhIza jayamalla ke putra jaisA dvArA candraprabhu ke bimba kI pratiSThA kA ullekha hai, jo jahA~gIra pradatta mahAtapA ke viruda ko 1. nAjailesa, kra0 981 / 2. proriAsavesa, 1908-09, pR0 55 / 3. nAjailesa, 1, kra0 904, pR0 241 / 4. vahI, kra0 905 / 5. vahI, kra0 783 / 6. proriAsavesa, 1907-08, pR0 45 / 7. nAjailesa, 1, kra0 229, pR0 203 / 8. vahI, kra0 837, pR0 207 / 9. vahI, kra0 826, pR0 203 /

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60 : madhyakAlona rAjasthAna meM jainadharma dhAraNa karane vAle vijayadeva sUri ke netRtva meM sampanna huI thii| 1737 I0 meM mahArANA abhayasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM jaba bakhtAsiMha aura bairIsAla mAroTha ke Upara rAjya kara rahe the, taba sAhA ke mandira evaM pratimAoM kA pratiSThA samAroha Ayojita huA thaa| yaha utsava dovAna rAmasiMha ke dvArA Ayojita karavAyA gayA thaa| mAroTha jodhapura ke rAThaur3oM ke adhikAra meM thA yaha tathya isa abhilekha se siddha hotA hai, ataH isakA aitihAsika mahattva bhI hai / abhayasiMha ke putra rAmasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM 1746 I0 meM giradharadAsa ne bilAr3A kA mandira banavAyA thaa| 1767 I0 meM inake hI eka sAmanta hukmasiMha nAmaka mer3atiyA rAjapUta ke zAsana meM harSollAsa pUrvaka eka rathayAtrA mahotsava manAyA gayA, isa avasara para mAroTha meM bhaTTAraka vijayakIrti bhI upasthita huye the| bIkAnera kSetra meM bhI vahA~ ke uttaravartI zAsakoM ne jainamata ko protsAhana dene kA krama prArambha rkhaa| 1631 I0 meM karNasiMha ne jaina upAzraya ke nirmANa hetu bhUmi kA anudAna diyA thaa| mahArAjA anupasiMha ke jinacandra sUri aura jaina kavi dharmavarddhana se bar3e sumadhura evaM AtmIya sambandha the / kavi dharmavaddhana sUri ne rAjA anUpasiMha ke rAjyArohaNa ke avasara para eka stuti padya kI racanA kI thI, jisameM rAjA kI kalA, sAhitya evaM dharma ke bahucacita saMrakSaka ke rUpa meM prazaMsA kI thii| jinacandra sUri evaM bIkAnera ke mahArAjAoM, jaise-anUpasiMha, jorAvarasiMha, sajjanasiMha va gajasiMha ke madhya sammAnajanaka patra vyavahAra hotA rahatA thaa| 1765 I0 meM jaina muniyoM ke prazaMsaka evaM bhakta, mahArAjA sUratasiMha bIkAnera ke zAsaka bane / ve jinasAgara muni kA sammAna nArAyaNa ke avatAra ke rUpa meM karate the| inhoMne katipaya jaina upAzrayoM ke nirmANa hetu bhUmi anudAna meM dI thii| inakA dAdAjI ke prati bhI bahuta Adara bhAva thA, etadartha pUjA ke vyaya saMcAlana hetu unhoMne 150 bIghA jamIna dAna meM dI thii| (7) jayapura rAjya meM jaina dharma : 17vIM va 18vIM zatAbdI meM jayapura kSetra meM bhI jaina dharma atyanta unnatizIla avasthA meM thaa| jayapura muslima vidhvaMsa kI AzaMkA kI dRSTi se saubhAgyazAlI rahA, kyoMki yahA~ ke rAjAoM ke mugala bAdazAhoM se acche sambandha the| isa kAla meM jayapura kSetra meM digambara AcAryoM kA adhika varcasva rhaa| rAjA mAnasiMha ke kAla meM 1605 I0 1. nAjailesa, 1, kra0 837, pR0 207 / 2. mAroTha ke maMdira kA eka stambha lekha / 3. nAjailesa, 1, kra0 937 / 4. jaiirA, pR0 45 /

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 61 meM cAtasU meM bhaTTAraka candrakIti ke dvArA eka stambha nirmita karavAyA gayA thaa|' inake hI zAsanakAla meM rAjamahala aura saMgrAmapura meM 1604 I0 meM, 1605 I0 meM "harivaMza" kI do pratiyoM kI racanA kI gaI thii| 1607 I0 ke abhilekha se vidita hotA hai ki mAnasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM amAtya nAnU godhA ke samaya, jetA ne apane putroM evaM pautroM ke sAtha maujamAbAda meM vizAla stara para pratimAoM kA pratiSThA samAroha Ayojita karavAyA thA / 4 1605 I0 meM mahArAjAdhirAja rAyasiMha ke vijaya rAjya meM jayapura ke masutinAtha mandira meM mUla nAyaka pratimA kI pratiSThA yuga-pradhAnajinacandra sUri ke dvArA sampanna huI thii| jayapura ke paMcAyatI mandira kI pArzvanAtha pratimA ke eka lekha meM mahArAjA rAjasiMha ke rAjya meM pratiSThA sampanna hone kA ullekha hai| mirjA rAjAjayasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM bhI jainadharma nirantara pragati karatA rhaa| mugala samrATa zAhajahA~ evaM jayapura ke rAjA jayasiMha ke zAsana kA 1654 I0 kA eka lekha sAMgAnera ke godhA jaina mandira ke zilA-phalaka para utkIrNa hai| Amera ke jaina mandira ke abhilekha se vidita hotA hai ki jayasiMha ke pradhAnamantrI khaNDelavAla mohanadAsa ne Amera meM vimalanAtha kA eka mandira nirmita karavA kara use svarNa-kalaza se suzobhita kiyA thaa| isI abhilekha meM Age yaha bhI varNita hai ki isa samaya hI ukta mandira meM mohanadAsa ne aura bhI nirmANa kArya sampanna karavAyA thaa| savAI jayasiMha eka vidvAn zAsaka thA, unake rAjya meM tIna jaina dIvAna pada para rahe-rAmacandra chAbar3A, rAva kRpArAma va vijayarAma chAbar3A / isa samaya ina rAjanayikoM ne jaina dharma ke unnayana meM prazaMsanIya yogadAna diyaa| rAmacandra chAbar3A ne jayapura aura rAmagar3ha ke madhya zAhabAda meM eka jaina mandira kA nirmANa karavAyA thA / ye apane putra kizanasiMha ke sAtha bhaTTAraka devendra kIti ke paTTa samAroha meM bhI sammilita huye the| isa tathya kI puSTi nemicandra racita bhaTTAraka devendra kIrti kI "jakarI" se hotI hai| mantrI kRpArAma kI bhI dhArmika gatividhiyoM meM gahana ruci 1. erirAmyUa, 1927-28, kra0 11 / 2. prasa, pR0 72 / 3. vahI, pR0 72 / 4. jaiirA, pR0 45 / 5. pralesa, kra0 1081 / 6. pralesa, 1161 / 7. airirAmyUa, 1925-26, kra0 11 / 8. vahI, 1933, 34, kra0 13 / 9. jayapura ke pATodI jaina mandira meM guTakA saM0 189 /

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62: madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma evaM AsthA thii| inhoMne cAtasU meM eka jaina mandira banavAyA tathA jayapura kA "cAtasU kA cauka" nAmaka vizAla jaina mandira bhI inake dvArA hI nirmita karavAyA gayA thaa| apanI havelI meM bhI inhoMne eka caityAlaya nirmita karavAyA thaa| ye mahendra kIrti ke paTTasamAroha evaM abhiSeka meM bhI sammilita huye the| isakI puSTi akhaIrAma dvArA likhita mahendra kIrti kI 'jakarI' se hotI hai|' 1740 I0 meM mantrI vijayarAma chAbar3A ne 'samyaktva kaumudI' likhavA kara paNDita govardhana ko bheMTa svarUpa pradAna kI thii| jayasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM hI "karmakANDa saTIka" ko prati bhI nibaddha kI gaI thii| savAI mAdhosiMha ke saMkaTapUrNa zAsanakAla meM bhI jaina dharma kI pragati satata pravAhamAna rahI / jayasiMha ke rAjyakAla kI bhAMti kaI rAjanItijJoM ne inheM bhI niSThApUrvaka sevAe~ pradAna kii| 1761 I0 meM bAlacanda chAbar3A savAI mAdhosiMha ke pradhAnamantrI bane / inake pUrva, isa pada para zyAmarAma nAmaka asahiSNu brAhmaNa thA, jisane pratizodha ke kAraNa kaI jaina mandiroM ko naSTa karavA diyA thaa| bAlacanda ke kAla meM jaina dharma ko eka nayA jIvana prApta huaa| usane purAne mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra karavAyA tathA kaI naye mandira bhI nirmita karavAye / 1764 I0 meM bAlacandra ke satprayAsoM ke phalasvarUpa jayapura meM indradhvaja pUjA mahotsava manAyA gyaa| rAjya ne isa mahotsava ke liye hara sambhava suvidhAe~ aura sahAyatA pradAna kii| dIvAna ratanacandra sAha ne bhI eka jaina mandira banavAyA aura indradhvaja pUjA mahotsava meM sammilita huye / nandalAla ne jayapura evaM savAI mAdhopura meM jaina mandira nirmita krvaayaa| isane 1769 I0 meM pRthvIsiMha ke zAsanakAla meM savAI mAdhopura meM bhaTTAraka surendra kIrti ke parAmarza para vizAla stara para pratimAoM kA sthApanA samAroha Ayojita krvaayaa| dIvAna kesarIsiMha kAsalIvAla ne jayapura meM siramauriyA kA eka sundara jaina mandira nirmita krvaayaa| mAdhosiMha ke kAla meM jayapura meM kanhaiyArAma ne "vaidyoM kA caityAlaya" nAmaka jaina mandira nirmita krvaayaa|6 1770 I0 ke sAMbhara ke eka phArasI lekha meM jaina mandiroM ko bhI anya ThAkura-dvAroM ke sAtha hI paimAiza se mukta karane kA ullekha hai|" 1. jayapura ke pATodI jaina mandira meM guTakA saM0 189 / 2. isa hastalikhita grantha kI prati Amera zAstra bhaNDAra meM hai| 3. prasa, pR0 7 / 4. vIravANI, pR0 29-30 / 5. jaiirA, pR0 47 / 6. vhii| 7. enyuala riporTa, i0 e0, 1955-56, kra0 DI0 148 /

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 63 bAlacanda ke putra rAmacandra ne pradhAnamantrI ke rUpa meM apanI sevAe~ mahArAjA jagatasiMha ko pradAna kii| apane gahana dhArmika vicAroM ke kAraNa usane tIrthoM ko jAne vAle kaI saMghoM kA netRtva kiyA, etadartha unheM saMghapati kI upAdhi se bhI sammAnita kiyA gayA thaa| bhaTTAraka surendra kIti ke upadezoM ke sulAbha se inhoMne 1801 I0 meM jUnAgar3ha meM yantra pratiSThA sampanna kI thii|' jayapura rAjya ke anya bhAgoM meM bhI jainadharma kA saMvarddhana hotA rahA / 1694 I0 meM vijayasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM jobanera ke jaisA ne apane putroM ke sAtha pratimAeM sthApita kI / 2 1653 I. ke eka abhilekha se vidita hotA hai ki zAhajahA~ ke zAsanakAla meM jaba mAlapurA para arjuna gaur3a kA rAjya thA, taba saMghI nADA, bhIkhA, sambhu aura lAlacanda ne eka 'bRhada dasa lakSaNa yantra' kA sthApanA samAroha sampanna karavAyA thaa| yaha abhilekha mAlapurA ke Adhipatya ke sambandha meM isa mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika tathya kI ora iMgita karatA hai ki jayapura ke kachAvoM ke sthAna para isa samaya yahA~ para mAroTha ke zAsaka arjuna gaur3a kA niyantraNa thaa| 1604 I0 ke sIkara kSetra ke revAMsA ke eka abhilekha meM varNana milatA hai ki bAdazAha akabara ke zAsanakAla meM mahArAjAdhirAja rAyasAla ke mukhyamaMtrI devIdAsa ke do putroM, sAhajItamala evaM bhAI nathamala ke dvArA AdinAtha kA mandira nirmita karavAyA gayA thaa| mantrI devIdAsa khaNDelavAla jAti kA zrAvaka thA evaM mandira nirmANa kI pRSThabhUmi meM mUlasaMgha ke bhaTTAraka yazakIrti kI upadezoM kI satpreraNA thii|4 1607 I0 meM mahArAjA jagganAtha ke zAsanakAla meM ToDArAyasiMha ke AdinAtha mandira meM "AdinAtha parANa" kI eka prati nAna ke dvArA likhavAI gaI thii| isI kasbe ke rAjA rAjasiMha ke mantrI vAdirAja ne 1672 I0 meM "vAga-bhaTTAlaMkArAva cUri'' tathA "kavi candrikA" likhI thii|6 1726 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM cUhar3asiMha ke zAsanakAla meM hRdayarAma ke dvArA jayapura ke nikaTa bA~sakhoha meM pratimAoM ke sthApanA samAroha sampanna karavAye jAne kA ullekha hai / cUhar3asiMha sambhavataH isa sthAna kA koI kSetrIya sAmanta pratIta hotA hai / (8) alavara rAjya meM jaina dharma : uttaravartI kAla meM bhI alavara meM jainadharma nirantara lokapriya dharma banA rahA / 1624 1. jaiirA, pR0 47 / 2. vahI, pR0 48 / 3. vahI, pR0 48 / 4. erirAmyUa, 1934-35, kra0 11 / 5. prasa, pR0 89 / 6. jaigraprasa, kra0 141 / 7. jaiirA, 49 /

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64 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma I0 meM zivacandra ne "vidagdha-mukhamaNDana-vRtti" va 1625 I0 meM lAlacandra ke dvArA "devakumAra caupaI' kI racanA kI gaI / alavara meM 1619 I0 meM kASThAsaMgha ke bhaTTAraka bhUSaNa ne eka pratimA kA sthApanA samAroha sampanna karavAyA / 1628 I0 ke eka jaina mandira kI dIvAra para utkIrNa prastara lekha meM varNita hai ki mUlarUpa se dillI nivAsI evaM vartamAna meM AgarA ke nivAsI osavAla jAti ke hIrAlAla ke dvArA mandira meM eka pratimA kA pratiSThA mahotsava sampanna huA thaa| vartamAna samaya meM yaha mandira eka ThAkura ke nivAsa sthAna ke rUpa meM prayukta hai| isI lekha meM rAvaNa pArzvanAtha ke mandira nirmANa kA bhI ullekha hai / 2 (da) muslima zAsaka aura jaina dharma : (1) musalamAnoM dvArA kiyA gayA vidhvaMsa : rAjapUta zAsakoM ke saMrakSaNa meM jaina dharma muslima AkramaNoM se bahuta kucha surakSita rahA, phira bhI muslima dharmAndhatA ke vinAzakArI duSpariNAmoM se baca nahIM pAyA / 11vIM se 17vIM zatAbdI ke madhya muslima vidhvaMsa ke bavaMDara meM aneka jaina mandira dhvasta hue, sundara pratimAe~ Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara dI gaIM, amUlya granthoM ko jalA diyA gayA aura asaMkhya dharmAnurAgI vyaktiyoM ko yAtanAyeM dI giiN| dhvasta jaina mandiroM ke Upara hI yA unakI avaziSTa sAmagrI se masjideM banA dI gaIM, jinase jhA~katI huI sundara nakkAzI, gumbada, stambha Adi abhI bhI muslima pAzvikatA kI gavAhI de __ mahamUda gajanI apane AkramaNoM ke madhya rAjasthAna se hokara gujarA aura usane bahuta vidhvaMsa kiyaa| 1009 I0 meM usane narainA meM mUrtiyoM va mandiroM ko nirdayatApUrvaka todd'aa| 1024 I0 ke AkramaNa ke samaya usakI senAe~ rAjasthAna ke maru pradeza se hokara gujarI, jinhoMne lodravA, sA~caura, candrAvatI Adi mArga ke nagaroM ko lUTA aura mandiroM evaM mUrtiyoM ko dhana prApti kI AzA se Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara diyaa| isI prakAra ajayarAja cauhAna ke samaya se hI turuSkoM ke AkramaNa prArambha ho gaye the aura muhammada bahalIma ne 1112 I0 ke pazcAt nAgaura ko apane vidhvaMsa kA kendra banAkara yahAM sattA sthApita kara lI thii| ye loga ajamera taka bhI pahu~ca gaye the| ataH inhoMne bahuta vidhvaMsa lIlA kI hogii| phalaudI pArzvanAtha tIrtha ke bAre meM jinaprabha sUri ne "vividhatIrthakalpa" meM 1. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, kra0 686 / 2. erirAmyUa, 1919-20, kra0 15 / 3. esiTArA, pR0 575 /

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 65 mahattvapUrNa sUcanA dI hai, ki zahAbuddIna gorI ne isa mandira meM virAjamAna mUla nAyaka pratimA ko bhaMga kiyA, mandira ko nahIM; evaM adhiSThAyaka deva kI icchA nahIM hone se dUsarI mUrti sthApita nahIM kI jA skii|' yaha ghaTanA lagabhaga 1178 I0 meM ghaTita huI thii| kirADa ke 1178 I0 ke abhilekha meM turuSkoM dvArA mUrti vidhvaMsa kA vizeSa rUpa se ullekha hai| 2 sA~caura se acalagar3ha meM lAI gaI jaina pratimAoM ke 1179 I0 ke lekhoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki mandira ke dhvasta kara diye jAne ke pariNAma svarUpa, 1077 I0 meM sthApita pratimAoM kI punarsthApanA kI gaI thI aura mandira kA bhI 1179 I0 meM jIrNoddhAra kiyA gayA thA / pAlI ke mandira ke abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki vartamAna meM mUlanAyaka pArzvanAtha kA mandira mUlataH mahAvIra ke nimitta nirmita karavAyA gayA thaa| yaha parivartana sambhavataH musalamAnoM ke pAlI para haye AkramaNa meM pratimA ko dhvasta karane ke uparAnta huA hogaa| tArIkha-e-phariztA se bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki mohammada gorI kA dAsa hI ekamAtra muslima zAsaka thA, jisane pAlI ko adhikAra meM liyA thaa| 1196 I0 meM kutubuddIna aibaka ne anhilavAr3A jAte samaya pAlI aura nADaula ke kile adhikAra meM liye the| nizcita rUpa se isI avasara para mUrti bhaMjana kA duSkRtya sampanna huA hogaa| jIrNoddhAra ke pazcAt nayI mUrti kI pratiSThA karate samaya isa tathya ko ki yaha mandira mUlataH mahAvIra svAmI ko samarpita thA, bhulA diyA gyaa| mohammada gorI ke 1195 I0 ke AkramaNa ke samaya isakI senAe~ kirADU ko dhvasta karatI huI bar3hI thiiN| isane nADaula meM pRthvIrAja tRtIya ko parAsta karake cauhAna sAmrAjya ke samasta nagaroM ko nirdayatApUrvaka vidhvaMsa kiyA thA / " "upakeza gaccha prabandha" se jJAta hotA hai ki mohammada gorI kI senAoM ne 1195 I0 meM idhara se gujarate huye osiyA meM vidhvaMsa lIlA macAI thI aura sthAnIya janatA bhayagrasta hokara nagara chor3a gaI thii| AzAdhara racita "dharmAmRta TIkA" kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki AzAdhara ne muslima AkramaNa ke bhaya ke kAraNa mANDalagar3ha se dhArA nagarI ko prasthAna kiyA thaa| cauhAnoM kI parAjaya ke kAraNa sAMbhara, nADaula, naraiNA, narahada Adi aneka sthAnoM para muslima vidhvaMsa kA tANDava huA thA / bayAnA kSetra meM bhI bahAuddIna tugarila ne jaina mandiroM ko 1. vitIka, pR0 106 / 2. ie, 62, pR0 42 / 3. ajailesa, kra0 465-466 / 4. proriAsavesa, 1907-8, pR0 43-44 / 5. esiTArA, pR0 576 / 6. ei, 9, pR0 12 / 7. jaisAoi, pR0 344 /

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66 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma bahuta kSati pahu~cAI aura unake avazeSoM para kaI masjideM banavAIM / ' 1218 I0 meM racita "jinadatta caritra" kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki kavi lakSmaNa tribhuvana girI se "kRSNa vilAsa " inhIM kAraNoM se Aye 2 AbU para alAuddIna khilajI ke AkramaNa va mandiroM ko kSati pahu~cAne kA ullekha ojhA jI ne kiyA hai / 1332 I0 meM likhita, jinaprabha sUri ke "vividha tIrtha kalpa" ke " arbudakalpa" meM vimala vasahi tathA lUNa vasahi donoM mandiroM kA bhaMga, musalamAnoM ke dvArA kiye jAne kA ullekha hai / eka samakAlIna racanA "nAbhinandana jinoddhAra prabaMdha " meM bhI alAuddIna ke dvArA kiye gaye vidhvaMsa kA varNana milatA hai / vimala vasahi kI deharI saMkhyA 52 ke 1321 I0 ke lekha meM "mandira ke vidhvaMsa" sUcaka vAkyAMza kA upayoga huA hai / vimala vasahi meM bahuta sI deva kulikAoM, zikhara, maMDovara, mukhya mandira, garbhagRha Adi alAuddIna ke AkramaNa ke daurAna dhvasta kara diye gaye the, jinakA jIrNoddhAra 1321 I0 se 1338 I0 ke madhya sampanna huA / " 1200 I0 ke pUrva taka " ar3hAI dina kA jhoMpar3A" eka sundara jaina mandira thA jo 1192 I0 meM mohammada gorI kI ajJAnatA, dharmAndhatA va paizAcika saMskAroM kI bali bana gayA / usakI senA ne ise dhvasta kara ise masjida ke rUpa meM parivartita kara diyA / 1200 I0 ke phArasI lekha meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki ajamera vijaya ke sAtha hI imAratoM ke parivartana kA kArya bhI prArambha kara diyA gayA thA / isameM kucha naI meharAbeM, mInAra aura dIvAra Adi banavA dI gaIM / zveta saMgamaramara se banI imAmagAha 1199 I0 meM evaM Age kI dIvAra, iltutamiza ke zAsanakAla meM 1213 I0 meM nirmita karavAI gaI hai / 13vIM zatAbdI meM muslima zAsana susthApita ho jAne ke pazcAt bhI vidhvaMsa lIlA samApta nahIM huI / iltutamiza ne mevAr3a ko rauMda DAlA tathA guhila rAjadhAnI nAgahrada ( nAgadA ) ko naSTa kara diyA / isa samaya asaMkhya jana-dhana kI hAni bhI huI / 1226 I0 meM raNathambhaura aura maNDora tathA 1228 I0 meM isane jAlaura ko dhvasta kiyA / 1224 I0 meM phirojazAha khilajI ne bhI vinAza lIlA kI / 1301 I0 meM alAuddIna khilajI ne raNathambhaura ko hastagata kara nagara ke mandiroM ko naSTa kara diyA / jaisalamera 1. esiTArA, pR0 577 / 2. ane0, 8, pR0 400 / 3. ojhA, sirohI rAjya, pR0 70 / 4. arbudakalpa, pR0 15 / 5. jairA, pR0 31-32 / 6. epigrAphikA iMDo mohaslemikA, 1911-12, pR0 15, 30, 33 Adi / 7. esiTArA, pR0 577 //

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 67 bhI do bAra isake vidhvaMsaka AkramaNa kA zikAra huaa| 1303 I0 meM alAuddIna ne cittaur3a ko jItakara durga sthita mandiroM ko dhvasta kiyaa| jAlaura, bhInamAla, bAr3amera, AbU Adi nikaTavartI kSetroM ko bhI vinAza sahanA pdd'aa| do saMskRta evaM do phArasI abhilekhoM se spaSTa hai ki sAMcaura kI jAmA masjida, alAuddIna khilajI ke uttarAdhikArI aura putra nAsiruddIna ke zAsanakAla meM, mahAvIra jaina mandira ke dhvaMsa kI prApta sAmagrI se banAI gaI thii| jinaprabha sUri ke "tIrthakalpa" se spaSTa hai ki sAMcaura meM eka bhavya jaina mandira vidyamAna thA aura tIna bAra isa para muslima AkramaNa kA khatarA maMDarAyA thA tathA anta meM 1310 I0 ke AkramaNa meM yaha naSTa kara diyA gyaa| yahI nahIM, balki dhvaMsa kA tathAkathita nAyaka alAuddIna khilajI pratimA ko dillI le gayA aura usake Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara diye| tArIkha-e-phariztA meM bhI isa ghaTanA kA varNana hai| ___ mAravAr3a meM jAlaura kI masjida ke stambha lekhoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki isakA nirmANa kama se kama cAra mandiroM ke vidhvaMsa se prApta sAmagrI se kiyA gayA thA, jinameM se eka hindU mandira aura zeSa tIna jaina mandira the, jo tIrthaMkara AdinAtha, mahAvIra aura pArzvanAtha ke nimitta bane haye the|2 sirohI rAjya meM jIrAvalA ke neminAtha mandira ke lekha se vidita hotA hai ki yaha mandira mUlataH pArzvanAtha ko samarpita thaa| isake nAma parivartana ke sambandha meM pracalita anuzruti ke anusAra 'bokar3a pAtazAha" nAmaka muslima zAsaka ke rAjyakAla meM kucha musalamAna sainikoM ke dvArA pArzvanAtha pratimA tor3a-phor3a dI gaI evaM lUTapATa bhI kI gii| 3 jIrAvalA pAzvanAtha stavana ke 7veM zloka meM alAuddIna dvArA bhI 1311 I0 meM mandira ko dhvasta karane kA vizeSa rUpa se varNana hai|| 1576 I0 meM akabara ke sirohI AkramaNa ke samaya lagabhaga 1050 jainapratimAe~ mugaloM dvArA lUTa lI gaI thIM, jo bAda meM bIkAnera ke rAjA rAyasiMha ko lauTA dI gaI thiiN| humAyaM ke bhAI kAmarAna ne bIkAnera AkramaNa ke samaya jaina mandira bhI dhvasta kiye the| bIkAnera ke cintAmaNi mandira meM 1535 I0 ke eka pratimA lekha se vidita hotA hai ki mUrti kA parikara bhI usake dvArA naSTa kiyA gayA thaa| kanaka soma ke 1. proriAsavesa, 1907-8, pR0 34-35 / 2. vahI, 1908-9, pR0 54-57 / 3. vahI, 1916-17, pR0 67 / 4. bIjailesa-bhUmikA / 5. bIjalesa, kra0 2 / 6. vahI /

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68 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma stavana meM turAsAnakhAna dvArA sirohI meM kiye gaye pratimAoM ke vidhvaMsa kA jIvaMta citraNa hai| madhyakAla meM rAjasthAna ke kucha nagaroM jaise-nAgaura, bayAnA, jAlaura, sAMcaura, DIDavAnA, narahada, cAtasU Adi meM muslima gavarnaroM kA zAsana thaa| ataH svAbhAvika rUpa se inake zAsana ke samaya meM prAcIna mandiroM ko kSati pahuMcI hI hogii| zerazAha ne apane mAlavA abhiyAna ke daurAna koSavardhana (zeragar3ha) ke jaina mandiroM ko va nagara ko dhvasta hI nahIM kiyA, apitu isakA nAma taka parivartita kara diyaa| akabara aura auraMgajeba ke AkramaNoM ke madhya vidhvaMsa lIlA se cittaur3a ke dhArmika pratimAna bhI prabhAvita huye the| auraMgajeba kI dhArmika kaTTaratA ne to aTarU, rAmagar3ha, bagherA, bayAnA Adi kA nirdayatApUrvaka dhvaMsa kiyA thaa| cittaur3a se prApta 1438 I0 kI "mahAvIra prAsAda-prazasti" meM guhilota hammIra va muslima senAoM ke madhya huye yuddha kA varNana milatA hai|' isa yuddha meM alAuddIna kI senAoM ne kaI hindU evaM jaina mandiroM ko naSTa kiyA thA, jisake spaSTa pramANa usake putra evaM mevAr3a ke gavarnara khijra khA~ dvArA banavAye gaye gambhIrI pula ke nirmANa meM prayukta sAmagrI va 1267 va 1273 I0 ke zilAlekha haiM / isa AkramaNa ke duSprabhAvoM se digambara jaina kIrti stambha evaM usake sAmane kA mandira bhI prabhAvita huA thaa| kesariyAjI va dhuleva ke mandira ko bhI muslima senAoM ne kSati pahu~cAyI thI, yaha tathya 1374 I0 ke jIrNoddhAra sambandhI lekha se spaSTa hai / 2 raNakapura mandira ke abhilekha bhI vibhinna vidhvaMsoM kI jAnakArI pradAna karate haiN| 1554 I0 meM nirmita maNDapa, 36 varSa uparAnta hI, 1591 I0 meM, usmAnapura ke usI parivAra ke dvArA punanirmANa karavAyA gayA thaa| isase spaSTa hai ki akabara kA rAjyakAla bhI lUTapATa evaM vidhvaMsa se ekadama achUtA nahIM thaa| 1621 I0 meM zreSThI vIrada ne bhI kucha punanirmANa karavAyA thaa| 1611 I0 meM rANA amarasiMha ke kAla meM mevAr3a aura mugaloM ke bIca raNakapura meM huye yuddhoM meM bhI mandira ke katipaya bhAga dhvasta huye the| phArasI srotoM ke anusAra mAlavA aura gujarAta ke sultAnoM ne bhI 15vIM va 16vIM zatAbdI meM mevAr3a va dakSiNI rAjasthAna meM vidhvaMsa lIlA macAI thii| devakulapATaka, nAgadA, sirohI, AbU, jAvara va hAr3autI ke mandira inake dvArA naSTa kiye gaye / / 1. jabAbArAeso, 23, pR0 50 / 2. marUbhAratI, agravAla dvArA saM0 / 3. prAjailesa, 2, kra0 308, 309 / 4. jairA, pR0 32 /

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 69 dakSiNa meM jAte samaya rakhA koTA rAjya ke zAhabAda kasbe kA nAma auraMgajeba ne thA / apane eka dina ke par3Ava meM hI usane isa kSetra ke kaI jaina va hindU mandira dhvasta kiye evaM AgarA kI jAmA masjida ke prarUpa para dhvaMsa se prApta sAmagrI se eka masjida banavAI | yaha masjida abhI bhI maujUda hai, jisameM prayukta sAmagrI spaSTa rUpa se mandiroM kI hI hai / (2) muslima zAsakoM kI jaina dharma ke prati sahiSNutA : 11vIM se 17vIM zatAbdI ke madhya jaina dharma ke katipaya pratimAnoM ko musalamAnoM dvArA dhvasta kiye jAne ke paryApta pramANa upalabdha haiM, kintu sabhI muslima zAsaka amAnavIya yA dharmAndha nahIM the / kucha muslima zAsakoM ne jaina jainAcAryoM ko atyadhika sammAna pradAna kara apanI sahiSNutA kA bhI paricaya diyA / dharma ke mahAn AdarzoM va vidvAn dharma - gata- udAratA aura para-dharma alAuddIna khilajI vaise to eka kaTTara dharmAndha zAsaka thA, phira bhI apane rAjyakAla meM digambara AcArya mAdhava sena kI vidvattA, tapasyA evaM camatkAra kI khyAti sunakara usane nagara zreSThI pUrNa candra agravAla ke mAdhyama se unako darabAra meM AmaMtrita kiyA / mAdhavasena ne darabAra meM huye zAstrArtha meM bAdazAha ke do paMDitoM rAdho aura cetana ko harAyA evaM isa prakAra aise kaTTara muslima bAdazAha ke zAsanakAla meM bhI jainadharma kI prabhAvanA sthApita kii| isI bAdazAha ke zAsanakAla meM nandisaMgha ke AcArya prabhAcanda ne dillI meM apane saMgha kI gAdI sthApita kI thI / 1318 I0 meM kutubuddIna se tIrthaM kA nirvirodha pharamAna prApta kara jinacandra sUri ne saMgha sahita tIrtha yAtrA kI thI / gayAsuddIna tugalaka ne 1323 I0 meM tIrthayAtrA kA pharamAna prApta kara jina kuzala sUri saMgha sahita tIrthayAtrA ko gaye the / 3 1446 I0 meM somadharmaM racita " upadeza saptatikA" meM jinaprabha sUri dvArA bAdazAha mohammada bina tugalaka ko pratibodha evaM kaI camatkAroM ko dikhAne kA vivaraNa hai / 1464 I0 meM tapAgacchIya zubhazIla gaNI ke '"prabandha paMcazatI" meM bhI etad- saMdarbhita vivaraNa hai, kintu mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA kA samakAlIna vivaraNa " vividha tIrtha - kalpa" ke kanayanayanIya mahAvIra pratimA kalpa aura usake kalpa parizeSa meM prApta hai| isake anusAra jinaprabha sUri ne muhammada tugalaka se bahuta bar3A sammAna prApta kiyA thA / unhoMne kannANA kI mahAvIra pratimA sultAna se prApta kara dillI ke jaina mandira meM sthApita karAyI thI / isake bAda muhammada tugalaka ne 1. vIzApraA, pR0 116 / 2. jinacandra smRga, pR0 29 / 3. vahI, pR0 30 / 4. somadharma, upadeza saptatikA, tRtIya gurUtvAdhikAra, paMcama upadeza /

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70 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma inake ziSya jinadeva sari ko "surajAna sarAya" dI thI, jisameM 400 zrAvakoM ke ghara, pauSadhazAlA va mandira banAye gaye va usI meM ukta pratimA kI pratiSThA bhI kI gaI / ' "kanayanayanIya-mahAvIra-pratimA-kalpa" ke likhane vAle "jinasiMha sUri ziSya" batalAye gaye haiM, ataH jinaprabha sUri yA unake kisI guru bhAI ne isa kalpa kI racanA kI hai| 1328 I0 meM hA~sI ke sikadAra ne zrAvakoM ko bandI banAkara isa pratimA ko dillI meM tugalakAbAda ke zAhI khajAne meM rakha diyA thaa| vihAra karate huye jinaprabha sUri dillI Aye tathA rAjyasabhA meM paMDitoM kI goSThI meM sultAna ko prabhAvita kiyA va pratimA punaH prApta kI / tugalaka ne arddharAtri taka sUrijI ke sAtha goSThI kI / prAtaH santuSTa sultAna ne 1000 gAyeM, vipula dravya, vastra, candana, karpUrAdi bheMTa meM dene cAhe, jinheM muni jI ne asvIkRta kara diyaa| sultAna ne mahotsava ke sAtha unheM pauSadhazAlA phuNcaayaa| samaya-samaya para sUri evaM unake ziSya jinadeva sUri kI vidvattAdi se camatkRta hokara sultAna ne zatrujaya, giranAra, phalaudI Adi tIrthoM kI rakSA ke liye pharamAna jArI kiye / bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra (1257 I0-1351 I0) ne phirojazAha tugalaka kA prArambhika zAsana dekhA thaa| jaina pAramparika anuzrutiyoM ke anusAra inake camatkAra kI kaI avizvasanIya ghaTanAe~ jJAta hotI haiN| phirojazAha tugalaka ke pramukha maMtrI, cA~dA gUjara pApar3IvAla ne dillI meM pratiSThA samAroha ko sampanna karavAne ke liye bhaTTAraka prabhAcaMdra ko nimantrita kiyA jo bar3e camatkArika rUpa se dillI pahu~ce aura unakA bhavya svAgata huaa| svayaM bAdazAha unheM livAne AyA, darabArI paNDita rAdho va cetana ne IrSyA se prerita hokara unakI pratiSThA ko AghAta paha~cAne ke liye pAlakI ko kIlanA, kamaNDala meM madirA batAnA, Adi duScakra kiye, jinase AcArya camatkArika DhaMga se nipaTe / unhoMne na kevala zAstrArtha meM donoM paNDitoM ko harAyA, apitu amAvasyA ko bhI candrodaya siddha kara diyaa| unake suyaza ke kAraNa begamoM ne bhI unake darzana kI utkaTa icchA bAdazAha ke sAmane prakaTa kii| AcArya ne deza-kAlAnusAra laMgoTa pahanakara harama meM jAkara begamoM ko prabodha pradAna kiyaa| ukta donoM dharmAndha bAdazAhoM ke kAla kI ye pAramparika atiraMjita ghaTanAyeM adhika prAmANika evaM vizvasanIya nahIM mAnI jA sakatIM, phira bhI yaha suspaSTa hai ki usa kAla khaMDa meM bhI jainAcAryoM kA sammAna hotA thaa| mugala samrAToM meM akabara hI ekamAtra zAsaka thA, jisake zAsana meM jainAcAryoM kA 1. jinacandrasmRga, pR0 34 / 2. vahI, pR0 35 / 3. vIzApraA, pR0 122-125 /

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 71 atyadhika sammAna huA aura usake svayaM ke jIvana para bhI jaina dharma ke ahiMsAtmaka darzana kA atyadhika prabhAva pdd'aa| 1568 I0 meM usane jaina dharma ke donoM sampradAyoM ke madhya zAstrArtha karAyA thaa|' nAgaura ke 1552 I0 ke phArasI zilAlekha meM bhaTTAraka kIrticandra kI pauzAla, jo pahale banda kara dI gaI thI, ko punaH cAlU karane kA ullekha hai / isase mugala bAdazAha kI udAratA prakaTa hotI hai / akabara ke kAla ke sabase mahattvapUrNa jaina santa tapAgacchIya hIravijaya sUri the / 1582 I0 meM gujarAta ke gavarnara ke mAdhyama se inako nimantrita kiyA gyaa| jaina paramparAnusAra ye paidala hI phatahapura sIkarI kI tarapha ravAnA ho gaye tathA vahA~ muslima vidvAn abula-phajala se vicAra-vinimaya ke uparAnta samrATa akabara se mile / samrATa ne inakA bhavya evaM hArdika svAgata kiyaa| zatruJjaya pahAr3I para AdinAtha mandira ke pUrvI praveza dvAra ke barAmade meM utkIrNa 1593 I0 ke hemavijaya likhita abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki hIravijaya ne 1592 I0 meM bAdazAha ko eka Adeza jArI karane ko prerita kiyA, jisameM chaH mahIne jIvahiMsA ko banda karane, mRta vyakti kI sampatti ko jabta karane kI prathA ko samApta karane, sajiji kara evaM zulka, bandiyoM kI rihAI, zatruJjaya tIrtha ko jainiyoM ko bheMTa dene Adi ke Adeza jArI karavAye the / isa samaya phatahapura sIkarI meM machalI mArane kA bhI niSedha ho gayA thaa| inake agAdha jJAna, gambhIra cintana tathA sAdhu svabhAva se prabhAvita hokara akabara ne varSa meM kucha dinoM ke liye svayaM mAMsa bhakSaNa banda kara diyaa| ye mugala rAjadarabAra meM 2 varSa rahe tathA akabara ne inheM "jagataguru" kI upAdhi pradAna kI / abula-phajala ne akabara ke darabAra ke sarvocca 21 vidvAnoM meM inheM bhI sammilita kiyA hai, jinake liye kahA jAtA thA ki ye loga "donoM lokoM kA rahasya" jAnate haiN| jAlaura ke mahAvIra mandira ke 1624 I0 ke lekha se bhI hIravijaya sUri ke sandarbha meM ukta tathyoM kI puSTi hotI hai / pAlI kI mahAvIra pratimA para aMkita 1629 I0 ke lekha" aura nADalAI kI AdinAtha mUrti ke 1629 I0 ke lekha meM bhI akabara bAdazAha dvArA hIravijaya ko "jagataguru" kA viruda pradAna karane kA ullekha hai / akabara se sammAna prApta hone para 1. zrIvAstava, bhArata kA itihAsa, pR0 468 / 2. enuala riporTa, ie, 1952-53, kra0 sI-107 / 3. zrIvAstava, bhArata kA itihAsa, pR0 468 / 4. nAjailesa, 1, kra0 905 / 5. vahI kra0 229, 826, 827 Adi / 6. rAistro , pR0 180 /

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72 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma gujarAta meM gavarnara Ajama khAna, jAmanagara ke jAma sAhiba, khAna muhammada Adi kaI muslima adhikArI inake prati sammAna pradarzita karane Aye / inake pazcAt kucha anya jainAcAryoM ne bhI samrAT se bheMTa kI, jinameM zAMtibhadra, vijayasena sUri, bhAnucandra upAdhyAya, harSa sUri aura jayasoma upAdhyAya pramukha the / kucha uccakoTi ke jainAcArya to darabAra meM sthAyI rUpa se rahane lage the|' AcArya jinahaMsa sUri ke bAre meM aisA ullekha hai ki inhoMne AgarA meM bhavya rAjakIya svAgata ke uparAMta, apanI daivika zakti se bAdazAha kA manoraMjana karake 500 kaidiyoM ko chur3avA kara 'abhaya ghoSaNA" karavAyI thii| kharataragaccha ke jainAcArya jinacandra sUri kI vidvattA evaM sAdhu svabhAva kI mahimA sunakara akabara ne mantrI karmacandra bacchAvata ko Adeza dekara AcArya jI ko lAhaura padhArane kA nimantraNa, khaMbhAta preSita kiyA thaa| AcAryajI vRddhAvasthA ke bAvajUda padavihAra karate huye, sirohI hokara jAlaura phuNce| bAdazAha kI ora se zIghratA kA pharamAna pAkara inhoMne mahimarAja vAcaka ke sAtha 6 ziSyoM ko Age bhejA tathA svayaM cAturmAsa samApta hone para pAlI, sojata, mer3atA, nAgaura, riNI hote hue, 31 sAdhuoM sahita lAhaura pahu~ce, jahAM bAdazAha ne inakA bhavya svAgata kiyaa| samrAT inake dharmopadezoM se bahuta prabhAvita huA aura pratidina mahala meM bulavAkara upadeza zravaNa prArambha kiyaa| samrATa ne inako svarNa mudrAe~ Adi bheMTa bhI denI cAhIM, jo nispRha AcArya ne asvIkAra kara dii| zahajAdA salIma ke mUla nakSatra meM putrI utpanna hone para, jyotiSiyoM dvArA ise azubha aura pitA ke liye aniSTakArI batAye jAne para, inhoMne jaina vidhi se grahazAMti evaM anuSThAna karane kA, mantrI karmacandra ko Adeza diyA / mantrI ne sone, cA~dI ke ghar3oM meM, 1 lAkha rupaye vyaya karake, vAcaka mahimarAja ke dvArA, supArzvanAtha mandira meM, zAnti-snAna krvaayaa| maMgala dIpa va AratI ke samaya samrAT va zahajAdA salIma ne snAna jala ko netroM se lagAyA tathA antaHpura meM bhI bhejA, aura prabhu bhakti meM 10,000 rupaye bheMTa kiye| samrATa akabara sUri jI ko "vRhada guru" nAma se pukAratA thaa| __nauraMgakhAna dvArA dvArikA ke jaina mandiroM ke vinAza kI sUcanA pAkara inhoMne samrAT ko tIrtha-mahAtmya batAte hue, unakI rakSA kA upadeza diyaa| samrATa ne turanta pharamAna jArI karake samasta jaina tIrtha mantrI karmacandra ke adhIna kara die| gujarAta ke sUbedAra Ajama khAna ko tIrtha rakSA ke lie sakhta hukma bhejA gyaa| kAzmIra vijaya ke nimitta jAte hue samrATa ne sUrijI ko bulAkara AzIrvAda prApta kiyA aura ASAr3ha zuklA navamI se pUrNimA taka bAraha sUboM meM jIvoM ko abhaya 1. zrIvAstava, bhArata kA itihAsa, pR0 468 / 2. kharataragaccha kA itihAsa, 190 /

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 73 dAna dene ke liye bAraha pharamAna likha bheje' / isake anusaraNa meM sabhI rAjAoM ne apaneapane rAjyoM meM dasa, pandraha, bIsa dina, mahIne yA do mahIne taka ke liye jIvoM ke abhayadAna kI udghoSaNAyeM kii| samrAT ne kAzmIra pravAsa meM dharma goSThI va jIva dayA pracAra ke liye, vAcaka mahimarAja ko bhejane kI prArthanA kii| maMtrIzvara evaM zrAvakoM ke bhI sAtha meM hone ke kAraNa sUri jI ne muni harSa vizAla, paMcAnana mahAtmA, samaya sundara Adi ke sAtha vAcaka jI ko bhI bhejA / mArga meM eka vizAla sabhA meM samaya sundara ne "rAjAnau dadate saukhyama" vAkya kA vibhinna arthoM vAlA 'aSTalakSI grantha' par3hakara sunaayaa| samrAT ne use apane hAtha meM lekara racayitA ko samarpita karake pramANIbhUta ghoSita kiyaa| AcAryoM ke upadezoM ke suprabhAva se mArgavartI tAlAboM ke jalacara jIvoM kA mAranA niSiddha huaa| samrAT, kAzmIra yAtrA ke daurAna, sAdhuoM ke kaThina jIvana ko dekhakara bahuta prabhAvita huaa| vijaya prApta karane para samrAT ne zrInagara meM 8 dina taka amAri udghoSaNA karavAI / 1592 I0 meM lAhaura lauTane para samrAT ne maMtrI karmacandra se parAmarza karake mahimArAja vAcaka ko "siMha sUri" kI upAdhi tathA bar3e guru jinacandra sUri ko "yuga pradhAna" kI upAdhi pradAna kI, jisake upalakSya meM karmacandra ne vizAla mahotsava Ayojita kiyaa| samrATa ne lAhaura meM to amAri ghoSaNA kI hI, kintu sUrijI ke upadezoM ke suprabhAva se, khambhAta ke samudra ke asaMkhya jalacara jIvoM ko bhI varSAvadhi abhayadAna dene kA pharamAna jArI kiyaa| yuga pradhAna guru ke nAma para maMtrI karmacandra ne savA karor3a rupaye kA dAna kiyaa| rAjA rAjasiMha ne isa zubha avasara para sUri jI ko AgamAdi aneka grantha bheMTa kiye, jinheM bIkAnera jJAna bhaNDAra meM rakhA gayA / 1594 I0 meM sUri jI ne akabara ko nirantara dharmopadeza dene ke liye cAturmAsa lAhaura meM hI vyatIta kiyaa| abhilekhIya pramANoM se jJAta hotA hai ki jinacandra sUri ke upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara, samrATa ne kula milAkara varSa meM chaH mAha apane rAjya meM jIva hiMsA niSiddha kI; sarvatra govadha banda kara, gaurakSA kI; evaM zatrujaya tIrtha ko karamukta kiyA / anuzrutiyoM ke anusAra samrAT ke Agraha se inhoMne pA~ca nadiyoM ke pA~ca pIroM, maNibhadra, yakSa, khoDiyA, kSetrapAla Adi ko bhI vaza meM kiyA thaa| jahA~gIra kI AtmajIvanI, vinseMTa e0 smitha, purtagAlI yAtrI pina hero, IzvarI prasAda Adi ke ullekhoM se spaSTa hai ki jinacandra ke samparka se akabara bahuta dayAlu ho gayA thaa| samrAT ke pratiSThita darabArI vyaktiyoM jaise-abula phajala, AjamakhAna, khAnakhAnA ityAdi para bhI sUrijI kA atyadhika prabhAva thaa| samrATa akabara vijaya sena sUri se bhI atyadhika prabhAvita thA aura usane unheM bhI 'jagataguru' kI upAdhi 1. jinacandrasmRga, pR0 48 /

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74 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma pradAna kI thii| 1629 I0 ke, pAlI kI mahAvIra pratimA para aMkita lekha meM, akabara ke dvArA vijayasena sUri ko jagataguru-viruda dhAraka varNita kiyA gayA hai|' isa prakAra jaina muniyoM ke upadezoM kA akabara ke jIvana para bahuta prabhAva par3A / usane zikAra khelanA evaM mAMsa khAnA bhI lagabhaga banda kara diyA / niSiddha dinoM para pazu-pakSiyoM kA vadha karane para mauta kI sajA dene kA prAvadhAna rakhA / ina AjJAoM kA kaThoratA pUrvaka pAlana karane ke liye samasta adhInastha adhikAriyoM ko pharamAna jArI kiye gaye the / jahA~gIra kI daSTi meM bhI jinacandra sUri kA bahuta ucca sthAna thA / 1611 I0 meM darzanI ke durAcaraNa se kruddha hokara jahA~gIra ne na kevala use hI deza se nahIM nikAlA, apitu jaina paMtha ke anya logoM ko bhI rAjya se bAhara jAne kA Adeza diyaa| isase jaina dharma ke sabhI ghaTakoM meM bhaya vyApta ho gyaa| jaba yaha samAcAra jinacandra sUri taka pahu~cA to ve pATaNa se AgarA Akara jahA~gIra se mile| dharma para lambe vAda-vivAda ke uparAnta sUri jI bAdazAha se Adeza vApasa lene meM saphala huye| 1612 I0 kA cAtumasi sUrijI ne AgarA meM hI vyatIta kiyA, jisameM sUrijI kA bAdazAha jahA~gIra se acchA samparka rahA / zAhI darabAra meM bhaTTa ko zAstrArtha meM parAsta kara inhoMne "savAIyuga-pradhAna' bhaTTAraka nAma se prasiddhi prApta kii| jahA~gIra para jinasiMha sUri kA bhI acchA prabhAva thA / inakI anunaya para bAdazAha ne sabhI jIvita prANiyoM ke prati surakSA kA AzvAsana diyaa| bAdazAha ne inako "yuga pradhAna" kI upAdhi bhI pradAna kI / 1624 I0 meM zrIsAra racita "jinarAja sUri rAsa" meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki jahA~gIra inase milane ke liye bahuta utsuka thA aura usane inheM nimaMtrita karane ke liye bIkAnera eka adhikArI bhI bhejA thaa| abhilekhIya pramANoM se siddha hotA hai ki tapAgacchIya vijayadeva sUri se jahA~gIra bahuta adhika prabhAvita thA aura usane unheM "mahAtapA" ko upAdhi pradAna kI thii| 1629 I0 ke nADola ke lekha meM vijayadeva sUri ko jahAMgIra dvArA "mahAtapA" kI upAdhi dene kA ullekha hai| isI prakAra nADalAI ke 1629 I0 ke AdinAtha mandira kI mUrti ke chaH paMktiyoM vAle lekha tathA 1629 I0 ke jAlaura ke, jodhapura ke gajasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM racita lekha meM bhI mahAtapA vijayadeva sUri kA ullekha hai / upAdhyAya guNavijaya se bhI jahA~gIra atyadhika prabhAvita thaa| inakI asAdhAraNa kAvyapratibhA se prabhAvita hokara samrATa ne inako kavirAja kI upAdhi pradAna kI thii| yaha 1. nAjailesa, 1, kra0 229, pR0 203 / 2. vahI, kra0 837, pR0 207 / 3. rAistro, pR0 180 / 4. nAjailesa, 1, kra0 837, pR0 207 /

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jainadharma kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : 75. tathya inake ziSya matikIti racita "niyukti-sthApana" praznottara grantha kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai / ' jahA~gIra apane zAsana ke pazcAtvartI kAla meM jaina mata evaM matAvalambiyoM se kruddha evaM asantuSTa ho gayA thA, jisakA kAraNa sambhavataH rAjanItika hI thaa| bIkAnera ke mantrI va jainiyoM ke mArgadarzaka mAnasiMha ne khusaro ke vidroha ke samaya yaha bhaviSyavANI kI thI ki do varSa meM jahAMgIra kA zAsana samApta ho jAyegA; isase cir3hakara hI 1616 I0 kI apanI gujarAta yAtrA ke samaya usane jainAcAryoM para anaitika vyavahAra kA evaM jaina mandiroM para upadrava evaM asantoSa ke kendra hone kA Aropa lagA kara jainiyoM ko apane sAmrAjya se nirvAsita karane kI bhI ghoSaNA kI, jo bAda meM vApasa bhI le lI gaI thii| apane zAsana ke pUrvavartI kAla meM to vaha apane pitA kI bhA~ti jainAcAryoM ko atyadhika sammAna karatA rahA / / samrATa zAhajahA~ ke zAsanakAla meM 1629 I0 meM AcArya jinarAja sUri AgarA meM samrAT se mile the aura vahA~ vAda-vivAda meM brAhmaNa vidvAnoM ko parAjita kiyA thaa| inhoMne samrATa se Agraha karake kucha niSedha haTavAye the / tatkAlIna mugala adhikArI bhI inake prazaMsaka the, jaise khAna evaM Alama dIvAna Adi / 1645 I0 ke AsapAsa, sindhu deza meM vihAra karate samaya, upAdhyAya samaya sundara ne siddhapura ke makhanUma mahamUda zekha ko pratibodha dekara paMcanadIya jalacara jIvoM tathA gaurakSA kI "amAri" ghoSaNA karavAI thii| 1. ballabha bhAratI, pR0 170 / 2. kharataragaccha kA iti0, pR0 196 / 3. ballabha bhAratI, pR0 169 /

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adhyAya tRtIya jainadharma bheda aura upabheda pRSThabhUmi : mahAvIra ke samaya se hI jaina dharma ne pracArita, prasArita hokara vibhinna pravRtti evaM 'vicAroM vAle jana samudAyoM ko AtmasAta kara liyA thaa| ataH bhinna-bhinna vaicArika dharAtala ke vyaktiyoM ke milana kI pratikriyAsvarUpa jaina saMgha meM naye-naye matamatAMtaroM, "phUTa, vilagAva Adi kA paidA honA svAbhAvika thA aura kAlAntara meM yaha jaina mata ke do vRhat saMpradAya yA paramparAoM-digambara evaM zvetAMbara ke rUpa meM astitva meM A gayA / zvetAmbara evaM digambara meM nimnalikhita matabheda haiM : 1. zvetAmbara nagna rahane ko mokSa ke liye anivArya nahIM samajhate jabaki digambara vastroM ko parigraha kA rUpa samajhakara mokSa meM bAdhaka mAnate haiN| 2. zvetAmbara striyoM ko isI jIvana meM mokSa kI adhikArI mAnate haiM, digambara isakA niSedha karate haiN| 3. zvetAmbaroM kA vicAra hai ki kaivalya jJAna kI prApti ke bAda bhI manuSya ko bhojana kI AvazyakatA rahatI hai| digambara darzana ke anusAra vaha nirAhAra raha sakatA hai| 4. zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra mahAvIra ne yazodA se vivAha kiyA aura unake priyadarzanA nAma kI putrI huI / digambaroM ke anusAra ve avivAhita rhe| 5. zvetAmbara 19veM tIrthaMkara mallinAtha ko strI mAnate haiM, jaba ki digambara puruSa / 6. zvetAmbara purAnI vAcanAoM ke anusAra 12 aMga, 12 upAMga, 10 prakIrNaka, 6 chedasUtra, 4 mUla sUtra, 2 anya ( nandI aura anuyoga dvAra ) ina 46 AgamoM ko mAnate haiM / digambara inheM svIkAra nahIM krte| inake anusAra prAcIna Agama kA kevala eka aMza 'SaTkhaMDAgama" ke rUpa meM bacA hai| ina bhedoM ke hone para bhI donoM sampradAyoM kA dArzanika AdhAra eka hI hai| donoM umAsvAmI ke "tatvArthAdhigama sUtra" meM pratipAdita darzana ko prAmANika mAnate haiN| guptakAla ke pazcAt 7vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha se hI kendrIya rAjanItika sattA ke vidhvaMsa se zAsana meM vikendrIkaraNa prArambha huaa| saMskRti evaM jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM meM prAdezikatA evaM vyaktivAda kA varcasva prArambha huaa| isase sabhI dharmoM meM bhI vibhinna paMtha, vilagAva evaM bheda-prabheda dRSTigata hone lge| rAjasthAna meM sampUrNa madhyakAla meM

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 77 jainAcAryoM ke vyaktigata varcasva evaM vyaktitva ke mUlyAMkana kI kasauTI unake dvArA sthApita paMtha evaM anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA bana gaI / bahusaMkhyaka gaccha, saMgha, jAti bheda evaM asaMkhya gotra isI pravRtti kI dena hai| paurANika dharma ke udaya va zaMkarAcArya ke prabhAva se bauddha dharma kA pazcimI bhArata se uccheda ho gayA thA / bAhya AkramaNoM kA sadaiva bhaya banA rahatA thA, phira bhI rAjasthAna meM rAjapUtoM ke zAsana ke kAraNa apekSAkRta zAMtipUrNa vAtAvaraNa thaa| kaI zAsaka vidvAnoM ke AzrayadAtA the| jaina matAvalaMbiyoM kI Arthika sthiti acchI thii| sArA dhana nagaroM va mandiroM meM ekatra ho gayA thaa| samAja meM striyoM kI acchI pratiSThA thii| pardA prathA nahIM thii| rAjapUtoM kA prabhAva uttarottara bar3ha rahA thA, ataH brAhmaNoM ne sAmAjika bandhana kaThora kara diye the / __ jainAcAryoM ko samAja ke sabhI vargoM meM apratihata gati thii| vaidika dharma kI ora anicchA pUrvaka AkRSTa hone vAle sAmAnya janoM ko isa samaya jainAcAryoM kI vANI se avalamba milA / jainAcArya sabhI ko samAna rUpa se pratibodha dete the tathA rAjadarabAra se lekara garIba vargoM taka meM ve samAna rUpa se AdaraNIya the / jaina matAvalambiyoM ko zAsana meM ucca pada prApta the / bhoja, vigraharAja, kumArapAla Adi udAra zAsakoM ne jaina mata ko prazraya dekara svarNa kAla kI parAkASThA taka pahu~cAyA / samakAlIna bahuvidha kAraNoM ke pariNAma svarUpa jaina dharma ke ukta 2 vRhat saMpradAya bhI kAlakrama meM gaNa yA gaccha, saMgha, kula, zAkhA, sambhoga, paDhayyA, samudAya, AmnAya, anvaya, vaMza, maNDali Adi bhedopabhedoM meM vibhAjita hone lge| isa TUTana ke uttaradAyI kAraka saiddhAMtika matabheda, vyaktigata mahatvakAMkSA yA katipaya sthAnIya kAraNa the| sAdhusAdhviyoM kI vilagAvavAdI pravRtti zrAvaka varga meM bhI pratibimbita hokara kaI jAtiyoM aura gotroM kI utpatti kA preraka hetu bnii| pUrva madhyakAla meM jaina mata meM vibhinna bheda-upabheda naimittika hetuoM se udbhata hokara gacchoM evaM saMghoM ke rUpa meM astitva meM Aye / caityavAsa kA avasAna tathA suvihita pakSa kA udaya huaa| jainAcAryoM kI dharmaprasAraka prabhAvanA evaM udbodhana se vibhinna jAtiyA~ mukhyataH kSatriya jaina mata meM dIkSita huye / madhyakAla meM sAdhu evaM zrAvakoM kI ina laghu ikAiyoM ne caramotkarSa dekhaa| isI kAla meM rAjanItika avasthAoM kI viDambanA, mUlataH zAsana zakti ke sahayoga se muslimoM dvArA vidhvaMsa evaM dharma pracAra, kI vyApaka sAmAjika pratikriyA ke kAraNa jaina dharma meM bhI kucha naye amUrti-pUjaka evaM virodhI paMtha astitva meM aaye| zrAvaka varga choTe dAyaroM meM vibhakta hotA gayA / uttara madhyakAla meM upabhedoM meM se bhI zAkhAyeM, prazAkhAyeM nikalanA prArambha huIM aura matagata dAyaroM kI saMkIrNatA zrAvakoM kI mAnasikatA ko bhI prabhAvita karane lgii| sAmaMjasya buddhi kA abhAva tathA dhArmika kaTTaratA meM vRddhi hone lgii|

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-78 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharmaM (a) caityavAsI prathA : (1) zvetAmbara saMmpradAya meM caityavAsI prathA : rAjasthAna meM zvetAmbara sampradAya meM caityavAsI prathA saphala aura lAbhakArI DhaMga se vidyamAna thI / jaina sUtroM meM varNita AcAra ke niyamAnusAra koI bhI sAdhu kisI gA~va meM eka rAtri aura kisI nagara meM pA~ca rAtri se adhika nahIM Thahara sakatA / yaha prathA jaina evaM bauddha zramaNa saMskRti kI virAsata hai / kintu dhIre-dhIre muniyoM ke AcAra meM zithilatA Ane lagI / zvetAmbara sampradAya ke yati yA zrIpUjya jina mandiroM meM rahate the, unako prAyaH caitya-gRha kahA jAtA thA / AcArya dharmasAgara ne 355 I0 meM caityavAsI prathA prArambha honA batAyA hai / " muni kalyANa vijaya ke anusAra yaha isase pUrva hI sthApita ho gaI thI aura 355 I0 taka to eka susthApita paramparA ho gaI thI / pUrvakAlIna kucha muniyoM ne isa kuprathA kA virodha karake vanavAsa ko prAthamikatA dI jisase " vanavAsI gaccha" nAma prArambha huA / kintu rAgAtireka se muniyoM meM sthiravAsa kI pravRtti bar3hane lagI jo kramika rUpa se " basativAsa" va tadanantara caityavAsa meM parivartita ho gaI / rAjasthAna meM caityavAsI prathA lagabhaga 8vIM hai / rAjasthAna ke jainAcAryoM, jaise haribhadrasUri - dhyAna isa zithilAcaraNa kI tarapha AkRSTa prakaraNa" meM ullekha hai ki zatAbdI se aura jina kiyA thA / "ye kusAdhu caityoM aura maThoM meM rahate haiM / pUjA karane kA DhoMga karate haiM / deva-dravya kA upabhoga karate haiM / jina mandira aura zAlAyeM banavAte haiM / raMga-biraMge, sugandhita dhUpavAsita vastra pahanate haiM / binA nAtha ke bailoM ke sadRza striyoM ke Age gAte haiM / AryikAoM dvArA lAye gaye padArtha khAte haiM aura taraha-taraha ke upakaraNa rakhate haiM / sacitta jala, phala, phUla Adi dravya kA upabhoga karate haiM / dina meM 2-3 bAra bhojana karate aura tAmbUla, lavaMgAdi bhI khAte haiM / ye loga muhUrta nikAlate haiM, nimitta batalAte haiM tathA bhabhUta dete haiM / jyonAroM meM miSTha AhAra prApta karate haiM / AhAra ke liye khuzAmada karate haiM aura pUchane para bhI satya dharma nahIM batalAte / svayaM bhraSTa hote huye bhI AlocanaprAyazcita Adi karavAte haiM / snAna karate, tela lagAte, zRMgAra karate aura itra phulela 1. jaisAaui, pR0 351 / 2. vahI / 3. sambodha prakaraNa, 4. saMgha paTTaka, zloka, 7, 11, 12, 15, 21 Adi / vikasita huI pratIta hotI ballabha sUri ne janatA kA haribhadrasUri kRta " saMbodha zloka - 27, 34, 46-49, 61, 63, 68 Adi /

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 79 kA upayoga karate haiM / apane honAcArI mRta guruoM kI dAhabhUmi kA stUpa banavAte haiM / striyoM ke samajha vyAkhyAna dete haiM aura striyA~ unake guNoM ke gIta gAtI haiN| sArI rAta sote, kraya-vikraya karate aura pravacana ke bahAne vyartha bakavAda meM samaya naSTa karate haiN| celA banAne ke liye choTe-choTe baccoM ko kharIdate, bhole logoM ko Thagate aura jinapratimAoM kA kraya-vikraya karate haiM / uccATana karate aura vaidyaka, maMtra, yantra, tantra, gaNDA, tAbIja Adi meM kuzala hote haiM / ye suvihita sAdhuoM ke pAsa jAte huye zrAvakoM ko rokate haiM / zApa dene kA bhaya dikhAte haiM / paraspara virodha rakhate haiM aura celoM ke liye Apasa meM lar3a par3ate haiN|" caityavAsa kA yaha citra to 8vIM zatAbdI kA hai| isake pazcAt to inakA AcAra uttarottara zithila hotA gayA aura caityAlaya bhraSTAcAra ke aDDe bana gye| uttaravartI sthiti ke bAre meM muni jinavijaya likhate haiM : "caitya hI unakA maTha yA vAsa sthAna thaa| unake AcAra-vicAra jaina zAstroM meM vaNita nirgrantha jaina muni ke AcAroM se asaMgata dikhAI dete the / ve eka taraha se maThapati the / zAstrakAra zAntyAcArya, mahAkavi sUrAcArya, maMtravAdI vIrAcArya Adi prabhAvazAlI, pratiSThA sampanna aura vidvAn caityavAsI yati jana usa samaya jaina samAja ke dharmAdhyakSakatva kA gaurava prApta kara rahe the| jaina samAja ke atirikta Ama janatA meM aura rAja darabAra meM bhI inakA bar3A prabhAva thaa| jaina gRhasthoM ke baccoM kI vyavahArika zikSA kA kAma prAyaH inhIM ke adhIna thaa| inakA yaha saba vyavahAra jaina zAstra kI dRSTi se yati mArga ke sarvathA viparIta aura hInAcAra kA poSaka thA / " anahilapura pATaNa ke rAjA vanarAja cAvar3A (765-825 I0) dvArA unake guru zIlaguNa sUri ne yaha AjJA prasArita karavA dI thI ki nagara meM caityavAsI sAdhuoM ke atirikta anya vanavAsI Adi sAdhu praveza nahIM kara skeNge| isa anucita AjJA ko nirasta karavAne ke liye 1017 I0 meM jinezvara sUri aura buddhisAgara sUri ne rAjA durlabha deva kI sabhA meM caityavAsiyoM ke sAtha zAstrArtha kara unheM parAjita kiyA, taba kahIM pATaNa meM vidhi mAgiyoM kA praveza ho skaa| caityavAsI, jaina sAdhuoM ke pAramparika mArga se vicalita hokara jaina mandiroM aura pratimAoM kI sthApanA karane lage the, jo ki jana sAmAnya kI prathA thI na ki sAdhuoM kI / caityavAsI isameM hAni nahIM mAnate the aura isake liye anucita tarka bhI dete the| rAjasthAna meM caityavAsiyoM kI gatividhiyoM ke bAre meM jAnakArI dene vAle kaI abhilekha haiM / 1354 I0 meM jIrApallI gaccha ke rAmacandra sUri ne jIrApallI meM devakulikA 1. saMbodha prakaraNa, yuga pradhAna jinadatta sUri prakaraNa, pR0 8-9 / 2. kathA koSa prakaraNa, pR0 3 /

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80 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa| hematilaka sUri ne guru-bhakti ke kAraNa 1389 I0 meM varamANa meM mandira kA raMgamaNDapa nirmita karavAyA thaa| 1397 I0 meM vAcaka soma prabhasUri, jo pippalAcArya gaccha ke the, ne ajArI meM sumatinAtha kI pratimA nirmita karavAI thI / vIraprabha sUri ne vIravAr3A gA~va meM 1418 I0 meM maNDapa nirmita karavAyA thaa| 1464 I0 meM kAcholIvAla gaccha ke vijayaprabha sUri ne sirohI meM ajitanAtha ke mandira meM guNasAgara sUri kI smRti meM devakulikA kA nirmANa karavAyA / ' bhadrezvara sUri ne jIrApallI meM AdinAtha mandira meM tilakasUri kI smRti meM devakulikA bnvaaii| kAcholIvAla gaccha ke udayavarddhana sUri ne sirohI meM devakulikA banavAI thii| nAnaka gaccha ke pArzvadeva sUri ne apane ziSya vIracandra ke sAtha bilAr3A meM "lagikA" nirmita karavAI thii| isa prakAra caityavAsa kA astitva rAjasthAna meM 15vIM zatAbdI taka rhaa| usake bAda yaha yati samAja meM parivartita ho gayA / (2) digambara sampradAya meM caityavAsI prathA : zvetAmbara sampradAya kI taraha digambara sampradAya meM bhI caityavAsI prathA pravartana meM rhii| bhaTTArakoM kI gAdiyA~ caityavAsa aura maThavAsa kI hI pratinidhi kahI jA sakatI haiM / digambara jaina sAhitya meM caityavAsI prathA ke prArambha hone ke nizcita samaya kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| kintu 8vIM zatAbdI meM yaha dakSiNa meM astitva meM thii| AcArya kundakunda ke "liMgapAhuDa" se prApta sUcanAnusAra patA calatA hai ki usa samaya aise bhI jaina sAdhu the, jo gRhasthoM ke vivAha juTAte aura kRSi-karma, vANijya Adi hiMsA karma karate the| caityavAsa ke samarthaka muni zivakoTi ne apanI "ratnamAlA" meM likhA hai ki uttama muniyoM ko kalikAla meM vanavAsa nahIM karanA cAhiye / jina mandira aura vizeSakara grAmAdi meM rahanA hI unake liye ucita hai / yaha bhI anumAna hai ki digambara muniyoM ne 415 I0 meM vanavAsa chor3akara "nisIhi' Adi meM rahanA prArambha kiyA ho evaM usameM 1. aprajailesa, kra0 119 / 2. vahI, ka0 113 / 3. vahI, kra0 432 / 4. vahI, kra0 278 / 5. vahI, kra0 246-248 / 6. vahI, kra0 116 / 7. vahI, kra0 249 / 8. vahI, kra0 337 / 9. "jo joDejja vivAhaM, kisikammavANijja jIvadhAdaM ca" / (liMga pAhuDa)

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 81 vikRti hone para 1162 I0 ke pazcAt maThavAsa cAlU kiyA ho aura unameM rahane vAle maThavAsI bhaTTAraka hI kahe jAne lage hoN| rAjasthAna meM bhaTTAraka kaI gAMvoM aura udyAnoM ke svAmI hote the| ve mandiroM kA punanirmANa karavAte aura dharmazAlAyeM banavAte the, yahA~ taka ki anya muniyoM ko bhojanAdi bhI dete the| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki caityavAsI hone ke bAvajUda prArambhika bhaTTAraka nagna hI rahate the| sambhavataH zvetAmbara muniyoM se apanI pRthakatA siddha karane ke liye yaha Avazyaka bhI thaa| vartamAna samaya meM bhaTTArakoM meM kevala bhojana karate samaya vastra utArane kI paramparA hai| zeSa samaya ve vastra dhAraNa kiye huye rahate haiM / spaSTa hai ki bhUtakAla meM ve nagna hI rahate the va vastra dhAraNa kI paramparA pazcAtvartI hai / 16vIM zatAbdI ke bhaTTAraka zrutasAgara likhate haiM ki kalikAla meM yatiyoM ko nagna avasthA meM dekhakara musalamAnoM ne unake sAtha durvyavahAra prArambha kiyA, isaliye maMDapadurga meM basaMtakIrti ne nirdeza diye ki caryA (bhikSA ke lie jAnA) ke samaya santoM ko apanA zarIra caTAI yA anya kisI cIja se Dhaka lenA cAhie / mUla saMgha kI paTTAvalI meM cittaur3a ke bhaTTArakoM ke nAma haiN| unameM se eka basaMtakIrti ke samaya meM (1207 I0) musalamAnoM kA atyadhika bhaya thaa| 13vIM zatAbdI aura usake pazcAt se kucha digambara santa bAhara jAte samaya caTAI yA anya cIjoM kA prayoga nagnatA ko Dhakane ke liye karane lge| dharma zAsana meM bhaTTAraka aise adhyAtma guru the, jinake adhIna bahuta se paMDita aura AcArya the| ye zrAvakoM se vibhinna tarIkoM se dhana vasUla karate the aura sukha suvidhAyeM bhogate the| inake pAsa saMgha kI prazAsanika zaktiyA~ hotI thIM tathA ve AcAryoM aura paMDitoM kI niyukti, vibhinna sthAnoM para dhArmika vRttiyoM ko saMpanna karane ke lie karate the / (ba) bheda evaM upabheda : 8vIM se 18vIM zatAbdI taka jaina mata kaI choTI-choTI ikAiyoM meM vibhakta hotA rahA / zAstra sammata vyAkhyAoM tathA vyaktigata nAma aura prasiddhi ke AdhAra para samayasamaya para vibhinna paMtha evaM mata astitva meM Ate rhe| inameM sAmaMjasya banAye rakhane vAlA koI kendrIya saMgaThana jaina saMgha meM nahIM thaa| saMgha va gaNa mUlataH rAjanItika zabda haiM / mahAvIra kA janma gaNatAMtrika vAtAvaraNa meM hone ke kAraNa jaina dharma meM saMgha, gaNa Adi astitva meM Aye / vRhat saMkhyA meM saMghoM evaM gacchoM kA astitva isa bAta kA 1. jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, 2, pR0 628 / 2. jaisAAI, pR0 363 / 3. ie, 20, pR0 347 /

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82 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma saMketa detA hai ki jaina dharma rAjanItika aura sAMskRtika dRSTi se atyadhika jAgarUka va saMgaThita thA / saMgaThana kauzala ke kAraNa hI sambhavataH jaina dharma sabhI parivartanoM ke madhya bhI jIvita rhaa| prayukta zabdAvalI : gaNa, gaccha--vibhinna samAcArI sAdhuoM yA saMbhogiyoM ke milane se banane vAlI ikAI gaNa kahalAtI hai| "gaNa"2 hI kAlAntara meM "gaccha'' kahalAne lage / jekobI kA abhimata hai ki Adhunika gaccha prAcIna gaNoM ke samatulya dikhAI dete haiM / "gaccha" kA zAbdika artha, eka hI zreNI ke muniyoM dvArA viziSTa saiddhAMtika patha abhipreta hai / gaccha-sandarbha-upAMga, niyuktiyoM aura prakIrNakoM meM bhI dekhane ko milate haiN| "gaNa" zabda se "gaccha" zabda kA nAmAntaraNa "mahAnisIha" meM bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai / gaccha eka samAcArI sAdhuoM kA samUha hai, jo usa samUha vizeSa ke niyamoM kA zuddhatApUrvaka pAlana karate haiM / "gaccha" zabda pUrvakAla meM 3-4 se lekara hajAroM sAdhuoM kI Tukar3iyoM ke artha meM pracalita thaa| dhIre-dhIre isakA artha pAMca adhikAriyoM se bane huye samUha tathA kAlAntara meM "gaNa vyavasthApaka maMDala" ke artha meM pracalita huA aura phira yaha "gaNa" kA paryAya bana gyaa| 12vIM zatAbdI kI sUtra TIkAoM meM unake racayitAoM ne "gaccha'' kA artha "kuloM kA samUha" kiyA hai, jo tatkAlIna sthiti ke anurodha se Thoka kahA jA sakatA hai, siddhAnta ke anusAra nahIM / gaNa kA pramukha AcArya, gaNasthavira kahalAtA thaa| kula-eka hI AcArya kA ziSya parivAra zramaNa paribhASA meM "kula" kahalAtA thA / rAjasthAna meM ise "saMghAr3A" bhI kahate haiN| do yA do se adhika kuloM se gaNa nirmita hote the| "kula'' kA pramukha AcArya "kula sthavira" kahalAtA thA / zAkhA-AcArya vizeSa se zikSA prApta karane vAle ziSya, cAhe ve eka hI kula ke hoM yA nahIM, zAkhAyeM kahalAtI thiiN| 1. bRhatkalpa, 4, 18-20 / 2. zubriga, DaoNkTrIna oNpha da jainsa, pR0 67 / 3. bRhatkalpa bhASya, 5, pR0 1486 / 4. sebuI, 22 / 5. zukiMga, mahAnisIha, pR0 76 / 6. aupapAtika sUtra, pR074 / 7. muhasmRga, pR0 545 / 8. aupapAtika sUtra-TIkA, pR0 81 / 9. sebuI, 22, kalpasUtra, pR0 286 /

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 83 inake atirikta gumma aura paDhayyA bhI sAdhuoM ko viziSTa samUha bodhaka saMjJAe~ thIM' / muniyoM ko yogyatAnusAra yugapradhAna, AcArya, upAdhyAya, gaNI, pravartaka, sthavira, gaNAvacchedaka Adi pada diye jAte the| digambara sampradAya ke bhedoM va upabhedoM ke sandarbha meM, zvetAmbara sampradAya ko tulanA meM bhinna zabdAvalI prayukta huI hai| sabhI gaNoM kA saMyukta maMDala saMgha kahalAtA thA / saMgha ke antargata AmnAya, anvaya, bali, samudAya, gaccha, gaNa, vaMza Adi zabdoM kA prayoga dekhane ko milatA hai, jo zvetAmbara sampradAya ke lekhoM meM dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| (1) pUrva madhyakAla : (ka) zvetAmbara sampradAya ke bheda-prabheda : (ka-1) pravartamAna gaccha : jaina paramparA ke anusAra, 65 I0 meM jinadatta ke cAra putroM candra, nAgendra, nivRtti aura vidyAdhara sahita zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA vajrasena ke AcAryatva meM grahaNa karane ke uparAnta, kramazaH candrakula, nAgendra kula (nAilI zAkhA) nivRtti kula va vidyAdhara kula prakaTa hue / candragaccha se sambandhita paTTAvalI evaM TippaNoM ke anusAra candra, nAgendra Adi cAroM AcAryoM meM se pratyeka ne apane suvizAla ziSya samUha meM se 21-21 suyogya zramaNoM ko pRthak-pRthak rUpa se AcArya padoM para niyukta kiyA, jinase 84 I0 meM 4 gaNoM aura 84 gacchoM kI utpatti huI / sambhavataH cAroM gaNoM kA mahattva jatAne ke lie isa prakAra kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| upAdhyAya dharmasAgarakRta paTTAvalI meM inakA kramika astitva meM AnA varNita hai / tathAkathita 84 gacchoM yA unameM se kucha kA bhI kahIM nAmollekha nahIM milatA hai| kucha paTTAvaliyoM meM 937 I0 meM 84 gacchoM ke astitva meM Ane kA ullekha hai| yaha AMzika rUpa se asatya pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki kharataragaccha, aMcalagaccha, tapAgaccha Adi kaI mahattvapUrNa gaccha bAda meM astitva meM Aye aisA pramANa upalabdha hai| kucha paTTAbaliyA~ inakA kramika rUpa se astitva meM AnA bhI vaNita karatI hai| 84 kI saMkhyA 1. aupapAtika sUtra, pR0 86 / 2. muhasmRga, pR0 546 / 3. jaisaMzo, 2, aMka 4, vicAra zreNI, pariziSTa, pR0 10 / 4. tapAgaccha paTTAvalI, bhAga 1, pR0 71 ( svopajJa vRtti-kalyANa vijaya ) 5 jaisaMzo, khaMDa 2, aMka 4, vicAra zreNI pariziSTa, pR0 70 / 6. "tasmAcca krameNAneka gaNahetavoaneke sUrayo babhUvAMsa'' tapAgaccha paTTAvalI, pR071 / 7. paprasa, pR0 91 evaM 97 / 8. vahI, pR0 101 evaM 134 /

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84 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma kevala pAramparika pratIta hotI hai, kyoMki madhyakAla meM hI 84 se kahIM adhika gacchoM ke astitva meM hone ke pramANa haiM / saMkhyA vRddhi kA yaha prayAsa 11vIM zatAbdI ke bAda se zurU huA / ye gaccha adhikatara sirohI, mAravAr3a, jaisalamera aura mevAr3a rAjyoM meM pracalita the| samaya vizeSa para gaccha kA astitva, anuyAyiyoM kI acchI saMkhyA va gaccha kI lokapriyatA kA dyotaka hai| 1. kharataragaccha-kharataragaccha rAjasthAna meM sarvAdhika prabhAvazAlI, lokapriya aura prasiddha gaccha rahA / 1017 I0 meM jinezvara sUri ne durlabha rAja solaMkI ke rAja darabAra pATaNa meM caityavAsiyoM ko parAjita kara "kharatara" kI padavI prApta kI tathA "suvihita" yA "vidhi-pakSa" kI sthApanA kii| inhIM se "kharatara gaccha" prArambha huA / ' yadyapi isakI utpatti rAjasthAna se bAhara huI, kintu rAjasthAna meM isake bahuta anuyAyI huye| __kAlakrama meM yaha bhI kaI zAkhAoM meM vibhakta ho gayA / 2 madhukara kharatara zAkhA 1110 I0 meM jinavallabha sUri ne, rudrapallIya kharatara zAkhA 1112 I0 meM jayazekhara sUri ne, laghu kharatara zAkhA 1274 I0 meM jinasiMha sUri ne, vaikaTa kharatara zAkhA 1365 I0 meM jinezvara sUri ne, pippalaka kharatara zAkhA 1404 I0 meM jinavardhana sUri ne, AcAbiyA kharatara zAkhA 1507 I0 meM zAntisAgara sUri ne, bhAvaharSIya kharatara zAkhA 1555 I0 meM bhAvaharSa ne, laghu AcArthiyA kharatara zAkhA 1629 I0 meM jinasAgara sUri ne, raMgavijaya kharatara zAkhA 1643 I0 meM raMgavijaya gaNI ne aura sArIya kharatara zAkhA upAdhyAya sUri ne sthApita kii| AcArya mahendra kIrti ne, 1835 I0 meM kharataragaccha kI eka upazAkhA maMDovarA meM prArambha kii| isake atirikta abhilekhoM meM kharataragaccha kI nimna zAkhAyeM bhI dekhane ko milatI haiM--jinacandra suri dvArA sthApita sAdhu zAkhA, mANikya sUri zAkhA", kSemakIrti zAkhA, jinaraMga sUri zAkhA, kharataragaccha kA candrakula', kharataragaccha kA nandigaNa', vardhamAna svAmI 1. ie, 9, pR0 248 / 2. prAjailesa, 2, "kharatara" suucii| 3. ei, 1, pR0 119, buhalara ke anusAra jinazekhara sUri ne 1147 I0 meM sthApita kii| 4. nAjailesa, 3, kra0 2199, bhAga 1. kra0 196-197 / 5. vahI, kra0 527 / 6. vahI, kra0 2064 / 7. vahI, bhAga 1, kra0 206 / 8. ei, 23, kra0 777 / 9. vahI, kra0 1853 /

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 85 anvaya' jinavardhana sUri zAkhA, raMga vijaya zAkhA / isa gaccha ke vibhinna AcAryoM ne anekoM mUrtiyoM kI sthApanA kI aura vipula sAhitya sRjita kiyaa| rAjasthAna ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM isake ullekha ke abhilekha pAye jAte haiM / kintu jaisalamera va pazcimI rAjasthAna meM yaha vizeSa lokapriya rahA / vartamAna meM bIkAnera va jayapura meM isakI gAdiyA~ haiN| isa gaccha ke abhilekhIya pramANa 1090 I0 se upalabdha hote haiM / ____2. bRhad gaccha-arbuda parvata para sthita telI gAMva meM eka vaTa vRkSa ke nIce, udyotana sUri ne devasUri sahita muniyoM ko sUri pada pradAna kiyaa| kucha vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki yaha upAdhi kevala sarvadeva sUri ko hI dI gaI thii| cUMki yaha pada vaTa vRkSa ke nIce pradAna kiyA gayA thA ataH nirgrantha gaccha ko vaTa gaccha kahA jAne lgaa| caTa gaccha hI kAlakrameNa bRhadagaccha ke rUpa meM jAnA jAne lgaa| isa gaccha ke 1046 I0 ke prArambhika abhilekha, sirohI rAjya meM koTarA meM upalabdha haiN| 1158 I0 ke abhilekha nADaula (mAravAr3a) meM bhI pAye gaye haiN| sirohI va mAravAr3a rAjyoM meM yaha vizeSa rUpa se pracalana meM thaa| isa gaccha kA prAcInatama abhilekha 954 I0 kA, sirohI meM dayANA caitya sthita kAyotsarga pratimA kA hai, jisameM bRhadagaccha ke paramAnanda sUri ke ziSya yakSadeva sUri kA ullekha hai|' 3. upakeza gaccha-isa gaccha kI utpatti rAjasthAna meM osiyA yA upakeza nagara se mAnI jAtI hai / isa gaccha ke devagupta sUri ne sirohI meM loTANA tIrtha meM dhAtupaMcatIthI kI pratiSThA 954 I0 meM, prAgvATa sAha siMhadeva ke putra nala dvArA karavAI thii|10 ataH 954 I0 ke pUrva yaha utpanna ho gayA hogaa| 4. saMDeraka gaccha -isa gaccha kI utpatti mAravAr3a meM sthita saMDerA yA saMDeraka sthAna se yazodeva sari ke dvArA kI gii| muslima AkramaNa ke kAraNa kAThiyAvAr3a se 1. bhAvanagara iMskri0, 7, pR0 112-113 / 2. nAjailesa, 2, kra0 1996 / 3. vahI, kra0 1005 / 4. vaho, bhAga 3, kra0 2124 / 5. zrabhama, 5, 2, sthavirAvalI, pR02| 6. prAlesa, 1, kra0 3 / 7. nAjailesa, kra0 833, 834 / 8. aprajailesa / 9. zrI pralesa, kra0 331 / 10. vahI, kra0 321 /

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86 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma lauTate samaya eka tAlAba ke kinAre sA~Da va zera ke yuddha meM, sAMDa ko vijayI dekhakara, gA~va va gaccha kA nAma saMDerA rakhA gyaa| yaha gaccha rAjasthAna ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM prasArita huaa| 12vIM zatAbdI meM nADaula meM yaha astitva me thaa|' isa gaccha ke zAntisUri ne 1147 I0 meM sirohI rAjya meM dharAda meM pArzvanAtha kI eka pratimA sthApita krvaaii| 5. malladhArI gaccha-isa gaccha ke prItisUri ke ullekha kA mahAvIra muchAlA (ghANerAva) meM 1157 I0 kA lekha upalabdha hai| 6. brahmANa gaccha--yaha gaccha sirohI rAjya meM brahmANaka (varamANa tIrtha) se utpanna huaa| isa gaccha ke pradyumna sUri kA 1160 I0 kA dharAda meM aura 1185 I0 kA sirohI ke varamANa tIrtha meM ullekha prApta hai| isI gaccha kA ullekha 1166 I0 ke sirohI ke ajitanAtha mandira ke eka pratimA lekha meM bhI hai| 7. nivRtti gaccha-nivRtti kula evaM zekhara sUri ke ullekha kA 1073 I0 kA lekha loTANA tIrtha se prApta hotA hai / 8. bRhattapA gaccha-isa gaccha ke hemacandrAcArya kA ullekha, 1163 I0 ke sirohI rAjya meM dharAda ke eka pratimA lekha meM prApta hotA hai| isa gaccha ko tapAgaccha kI eka zAkhA mAnA jAtA hai| kintu tapAgaccha ke 1228 I0 meM utpanna hone se pUrva bhI yaha astitva meM thaa| sambhavataH madhyakAla meM isa gaccha ke AcArya tapAgaccha meM sammilita ho gaye / isa gaccha kA nAma "vRddhatapA" bhI dekhane ko milatA hai / 9. vAyaTa gaccha :-isa gaccha kA utpatti sthala ajJAta hai / sirohI meM ajitanAtha mandira meM 1078 I0 ke pratimA lekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha hai|' 10. pArA gaccha :-isa gaccha kI utpatti mAlavA meM dhArA nagarI meM huI mAnA 1. prAlesa, kra0 5 evaM 23 / 2. zrI jaipralesa, kra0 173 / 3. vahI, kra0 324 / 4. vahI, kra0 200 / 5. vahI, kra0 328 / 6. pralesa, kra0 32 / 7. zrI jaipralesa, kra0 318 / 8. vahI, kra0 85 / 9. pralesa, kra0 7 /

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 87 jAnA caahiye| sirohI ke ajitanAtha mandira meM 1177 I0 kI isa gaccha ke ullekha kI pratimA hai| 11. candra gaccha--candra kula se kAla krama meM utpanna isa gaccha ke lekha 1182 I0 ke jAlaura se' va 1125 I0 ke sirohI se prApta hote haiN| 12. yaza sUri gaccha-isa gaccha kI utpatti AcArya yaza sUri se huii| ajamera se prApta 1185 I0 ke lekha meM isakA ullekha hai| 13. bhAvadevAcArya gaccha-bhAvadevAcArya ke nAma se isa gaccha kA prArambha huaa| selAnA ke muni suvrata mandira meM 1157 I0 ke mUrti lekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha hai|" 14. bhAvaharSa gaccha-muni bhAvaharSa se isa gaccha kI utpatti huii| bAlotarA se prApta 952 I0 ke pratimA lekha meM isa gaccha kA nAmollekha hai|6 15. dhanezvara gaccha-dhanezvara sUri ke nAma para isa gaccha kI utpatti kI gaI hogii| ghaTiyAlA se prApta 861 I0 ke abhilekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha hai| 16. kAmyaka gaccha-zrIpatha ( bayAnA) se prApta 1043 I0 ke lekha meM isa gaccha kA nAmollekha hai| isa gaccha kI utpatti vartamAna kAmA se huii| 17. osavAla gaccha-osavAla jAti se sambandhita isa gaccha kA ullekha 1043 I0 ke pratimA lekha meM milatA hai| 18. brAhmI gaccha-isa gaccha kA utpatti sthAna va kAraNa ajJAta hai| pAlI se prApta 1087 I0 ke abhilekha meM isa gaccha kA nAma upalabdha hai| 19. devAbhidita gaccha-delavAr3A ( mevAr3a ) se prApta 1144 I0 ke lekha meM isa gaccha kA nAmollekha hai / 11 1. pralesa, kra0 36 / 2. nAjailesa, kra0 899 / 3. aprajelesa / 4. jaiseskU, pR0 59 // 5. pralesa, kra0 24 / 6. nAjailesa, 1, kra0 736 / 7. vahI, kra0 945 / 8. jeseskU, pR0 53 / 9. prAjailesa, 2, kra0 316 / 10. ei, 1, pR0 119, 319-24 / 11. nAjalesa, 2, kra0 1998 /

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88 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 20. pizapAlAcArya gaccha-isI nAma ke AcArya se isa gaccha kI utpatti huii| sirohI rAjya se prApta 1151 I0 ke pratimA lekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha milatA 21. AmradevAcArya gaccha-nivRtti kula ke AmradevAcArya se sambandhita yaha gaccha sirohI ke ajArI aura loTANA meM 11vIM zatAbdI meM pracalana meM thA / 22. bharataripurA gaccha-mevAr3a ke bhaTevara sthAna se yaha gaccha 10vIM zatAbdI meM rAjA allaTa ke pitA bharataribhaTTa ke dvArA utpanna kiyA gayA / 23. jalayodhara gaccha-yaha gaccha jorodra nAmaka gA~va se utpanna huaa| sirohI rAjya ke ajArI tIrtha se prApta 1156 I0 ke pratimAlekha meM isa gaccha kA nAma hai| 24. vAtapIya gaccha-jaisalamera kSetra meM khoje gaye 1105 I0 ke abhilekha meM isa gaccha kA nAmollekha hai| 25. ArAsaNA gaccha-thArApadra gaccha ke AcArya yazodeva sari (1127 I0) se ArAsaNA gaccha kA prArambha kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| ArAsaNA sthAna kA Adhunika nAma kuMbheriyA hai / isa gaccha ke AcArya devacandra sUri ne dilavAr3A, vimala vasahi maMdira kI bahuta-sI mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA karavAI thii| 26. kAsahRda gaccha--yaha vidyAdhara gaccha kA upagaccha hai aura sirohI rAjya ke kAsindrA gA~va se utpanna huaa| isa gA~va ke jaina mandira se prApta 1034 I0 ke abhilekha meM isakA ullekha hai| (kha) digaMbara sampradAya meM bheda-prabheda (kha-1) pravartamAna saMgha : digambara paramparA meM aneka saMghoM, gaNoM evaM zAkhAoM ke utpanna hone kA ullekha milatA hai / paramparAnusAra, AcArya arhabali taka mUla saMgha avicchinna rUpa se calatA rahA / 66 I0 meM arhadbali ne mUla saMgha ko kaI saMghoM, jaise naMdI saMgha, vIra saMgha, aparAjita saMgha, paMcasUpa saMgha, sena saMgha, bhadrasaMgha, guNadhara saMgha, gupta saMgha, siMha saMgha, 1. aprajailesa, jaiirA, pR0 62 / / 2. aprajalesa, kra0 396, 470, 471, 472, 473 / 3. vahI, kra0 408 / 4. jaiirA, pR0 68 / 5. asAva, pR0 225 / 6. aprajalesa, asAvaM, pR0 226 /

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 89 candra saMgha ityAdi meM vibhAjita kara diyaa| pazcAtavartI kAla meM katipaya saMghoM meM zithilAcAra Ane se unakI gaNanA jainAbhAsoM meM kI jAne lgii| digambara paramparA ke anusAra mUla saMgha se hI anya sabhI saMghoM kI utpatti mAnI gaI hai| ataH mUla saMgha ko bhinna na mAnakara sAmAnya digambara saMgha hI batAyA gayA hai| bAda meM kaI naye saMgha bhI prakaTa huye va digambara paramparA meM bhI zAkhAoM aura kuloM kA kAphI vistAra huA / "jainendra siddhAnta koSa" ke anusAra digambara paramparA ke zAstrIya ullekhoM ke AdhAra para aneka saMgha gaveSaNA hetu svIkAra kiye gaye haiM-ananta kIrti saMgha, aparAjita saMgha, kASThA saMgha, guNadhara saMgha, gupta saMgha, gopuccha saMgha, gopya saMgha, candra saMgha, drAvir3a saMgha, naMdi saMgha, naMditaTa saMgha, niSpicchika saMgha, paMcastUpa saMgha, punnATa saMgha, bAgar3a saMgha, bhadra saMgha, bhillaka saMgha, mAghanaMdi saMgha, mAthura saMgha, yApanIya saMgha, lADavAgar3a saMgha, vIra saMgha aura sena saMgha / rAjasthAna meM pUrvavartI kAla meM AcAryoM ke nAma saMghoM se sambaddha nahIM kiye jAte the| jahA~ kahIM bhI AcAryoM ke saMdarbha haiM, vahA~ binA kisI saMgha aura gaNa ke ullekha ke kevala unakA nAma varNita kiyA gayA hai / rAjasthAna ke vibhinna sthAnoM se prApta abhilekhoM se pUrva madhyakAla kI yaha pravRtti spaSTa hai| kizanagar3ha se Der3ha mIla dakSiNa meM rUpanagara meM 3 jaina smAraka haiM / 961 I0 ke stambha lekha meM ullekha hai ki yaha meghasenAcArya kI niSedhikA hai, jo unakI mRtyu ke pazcAt unake ziSya vimalasena ne nirmita karavAI thI / dUsare stambha lekha se padmasenAcArya ke 1019 I0 meM divaMgata hone aura citranandI dvArA isa stambha ko nirmita karavAne kA ullekha hai| jhAlarApATana meM bhI 1009 I0 kA nemidevAcArya aura baladevAcArya kA smAraka hai|4 alavara rAjya meM naugAvA~ ke digambara jaina mandira meM anantanAtha kI khaDgAsana pratimA ke abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha 1118 I0 meM vijayakIrti ke ziSya narendrakIrti dvArA sthApita kI gaI thii|" isI mandira meM zAntinAtha pratimA ke 1138 I0 ke lekha meM varNita hai ki paM0 guNacandra ne AcArya guptanando ke liye yaha pratimA banavAI thii| isI prakAra jayapura se 3 mIla dUra, purAnA ghATa ke bAlAjI ke mandira ke nikaTa, mUla rUpa se jaina mandira pratIta hone vAle, kintu vartamAna meM ziva mandira ke daravAje ke UparI hisse meM utkIrNa lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha 1160 I0 kA hai aura isameM AcArya vejraka va unake ziSya 1. dhavalA, bhAga 1, prakaraNa 14 / 2. jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, 2, pR0 614 / 3. proriAsavesa, 1910-11, pR0 43 / 4. erirAmyUa, 1912-13 / 5. vahI, 1919-20, kra0 3 / 6. vahI, 1919-20, kra0 4 /

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90 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma catarasena aura dharmabhAI ambarasena kA ullekha hai / ' ukta udAharaNoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki pUrvakAla meM AcArya kisI saMgha se sambaddha nahIM the / digambara sampradAya ke sabhI saMgha rAjasthAna se bAhara mukhyataH dakSiNa meM sthApita hue the aura vahIM pracalana meM the| uttarI bhArata meM ye bAda meM prakaTa hue| sambhavataH zaivoM ke trAsa ke kAraNa digambara saMta dakSiNa se gajarAta aura rAjasthAna kI tarapha pravAsita hue, jahA~ unhoMne saMghoM kI gAdiyA~ sthApita kii| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki uttara ke digambara matAvalambiyoM ne dakSiNa ke saMghoM kI nakala kI ho| rAjasthAna meM pUrva madhyakAla meM nimnalikhita saMghoM, anvayoM, gacchoM, gaNoM Adi kA ullekha abhilekhIya va sAhityika pramANoM se upalabdha hotA hai / 12vIM zatAbdI ke abhilekhoM meM inakA ullekha hone se siddha hotA hai ki isI zatAbdI meM rAjasthAna meM saMghoM kA pracAra huaa| rAjasthAna se prApta abhilekhoM meM saMgha, gaNa, gaccha, anvaya aura AcArya kA nAma, isa krama meM adhikAMza dekhane ko milate haiN| 1. mUlasaMgha-yaha digambara sampradAya kA prAcInatama saMgha hai| 1100 I0 ke abhilekha ke anusAra yaha kundakunda ke dvArA sthApita kiyA gyaa| kintu yaha lekha pazcAtvartI hone ke kAraNa adhika vizvasanIya nahIM hai / paTTAvaliyoM se prApta jAnakArI ke anusAra AcArya mAghanandI ne isa saMgha kI sthApanA kI thii| cauthI aura pA~cavI zatAbdI ke abhilekhoM ke adhyayana se, mUla saMgha kI sthApanA IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM zvetAmbara va digambara sampradAyoM ke astitva meM Ane ke samaya huii|" mUla saMgha meM nimna upabheda pAye jAte haiMAmnAya-- 1. candrakIrti AmnAya 2. digambara AmnAya 3. kAkopala AmnAya 4. kundakundAdi AmnAya 5. nandi AmnAya0 6. sada AmnAya1 1. erirAmyUa, 1920-21, kra0 3 / 2. bhAdijaitI, 4, pR0 122 / 3. jaizisa, 1, kra0 55 / 4. ie, 20, pR0 341 / 5. jaiirA, pR0 69 / 6. nAjailesa, 2, kra0 1132 / 7. jaisibhA, 14, aMka 2, pR0 56-61 / 8. ie, 7, pR0 209 / 9. jaisibhA, 14, aMka 2, pR0 56-61 / 10. vhii| 11. nAjailasa, 1, kra0 325 /

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anvaya bali gaccha 1. candrakavAta anvaya ' 3. dravir3a anvaya 5. khaNDelavAla anvaya" 7 7. nandi saMgha anvaya 9. pustaka anvaya 11. tAlakola anvaya 1. haMsojI yA paMsojI bali' .11 .13 3. vANada bali 1. citrakUTa gaccha 3. hotajI gaccha 18 .20 5. parAba gaccha 7. pogarI gaccha22 -16 5. vahI, kra0 388 / 6. jaisibhA, 7, aMka 1, pR0 13 / 7. ei, 15, pR0 345 / 8. gurnATa, pR0 193; jaiseskU, pR0 126 | 9. vahI, pR0 126 / jainadharmaM bheda aura upabheda : 91 2. citrakUTa anvaya 2 4. jaisavAla anvaya 4 6. kundakunda anvaya 8. pASANa anvaya 10. sena anvaya 10 12. bagheravAla anvaya 12 2. iMgyUlezvara bali 14 1. ei, 16, pR0 53 / 2. ie, 9, pR0 65-66 / 3. eprigrAphikA karnATakA, 6, kra0 18; jaiseskU, pR0 126 | 4. nAjailesa, 1, kra0 472 / 2. hojarI gaccha 17 4. meSa pASANa gaccha . 19 6. pArijAta gaccha 21 R3 8. puSkara gaccha 10. ei, 13, pR0 190 / 11. epigrAphikA karnATakA, 7, pR0 136; jaiseskU, pR0 127 | 12. nAjailesa, 2, kra0 1594 / 13. jabAbArAeso, 10, pR0 173 - 175 / 14. epigrAphikA karnATakA, 3, pR0 63, 32, 123 Adi; jaiseskU, pR0 127 // 15. vahI, pR0 51 / 16. jaiseskU, pR0 127 / 17. nAyaka, e0 vI0, ArkiyolojI oNpha da Dekana, pR0 412 | 18. epigrAphikA karnATakA, 4, 26, jaiseskU, pR0 127 / 19. vahI, 5 / 20. vahI, 11, 13 / 22. ie, 19, 0 268 / 21. gurnATa, bhUmikA, pR0 44 / 23. jee, 13, aMka 2, pR0 19-7 /

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"92 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma -gaNa 9. pustaka gaccha' 10. sarasvatI gacchara 11. sena gaccha 12. tagarI jala gaccha 13. tintriNikA gaccha" 14. vAka gaccha 15. vakra gaccha 1. dezI yA dezIya gaNa 2. deva gaNa 3. dravir3a gaNa 4. kAlona gaNa1 5. kANUra gaNa12 6. nandi gaNa 7. paMkura gaNa14 8. pogariyA gaNa15 9. surasta gnn| 10. udAra gaNa17 11. varasena yA vIrasena gaNa kula kRha kula19 samadAya- zrI samudAya20 vaMza- 1. candrikA vaTa vaMza21 2. nanna vaMza22 1. ei, 6, pR0 26 / 2. ie, 20, pR0 341; nAjailesa, 1, kra0 505, 551, 590, 696 Adi / 3. gurnATa pR0 538; jaiseskU, pR0 127 / 4. epi0 karnATakA, 5, pR0 99 / 5. ei, 20, pR0 95 / / 6. jaisibhA, 14, aMka 1, pR0 26 / 7. epi0 karnATakA, 2, 69 / .8. vahI, 4,150 / 9. ei, 6, pR0 81 / 10. epi0 karnATakA, 6,18; jaiseskU, pR0 127 / 11. vahI, 4,148, 161 / 12. jaiseskU, pR0 128 / 13. vhii| 14. jaisibhA, 7, aMka 1, pR0 16 / 15. ei, 10, pR0 69 / 16, jaiseskU, pR0 128 / 17. vhii| 18. ei, 17, pR0 121 / 19, vahI, 13, pR0 166 / 20. jaiseskU, pR0 128 / 21, vhii| 22. vhii|

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 93 rAjasthAna meM ukta sabhI bheda pracalana meM nahIM the / mUla saMgha ke astitva kA rAja - sthAna meM prathama abhilekha 11vIM zatAbdI kA milatA hai, kintu isase pUrva bhI yaha astitva meM thA / bAda meM yaha "sarasvatI" zabda dvArA pRthak se jAnA jAne lagA, jo saMbhavataH 14vIM zatAbdI meM huA hogA, jabaki padmanandI ne sarasvatI kI prastara pratimA ko bulavAne kA camatkAra dikhAyA thA / 2 beMter3a meM vimalanAtha mandira kI pArzvanAtha ekatIrthI para aMkita 1177 I0 ke lekha meM mUla saMgha kA ullekha hai / 3 ajamera myUjiyama meM rakhI sarasvatI mUrti ke 1197 I0 ke lekha meM bhI kevala mUla saMgha kA ullekha hai 2. mAthura saMgha : - ise kASThA saMgha kA mAthura gaccha bhI batAyA jAtA hai / " kintu rAjasthAna se prApta kucha abhilekhoM meM '' mAthura saMgha" kA ullekha hai / saMbhavataH pazcAt - vartI kAla meM yaha saMgha kASThA saMgha meM milakara usakA eka anvaya yA gaccha bana gayA / "darzana - sAra" ke anusAra mAthura saMgha eka dharmaM virodhI saMgha thA, jo kASThA saMgha kI sthApanA ke 200 varSa bAda, 896 I0 meM astitva meM AyA / yaha saMgha AcArya rAmasena ke dvArA sthApita kiyA gayA thaa| isa saMgha kA nAmakaraNa " mathurA" nagara ke nAma para huA / 7 ke0 sI 0 jaina ne ise madurA ( dakSiNa ) se utpanna batAyA hai, jo sahI pratIta nahIM hotA / " isa saMgha kI mAnyatAnusAra picchI rakhanA Avazyaka nahIM hotA / I rAjasthAna meM 11vI va 12vIM zatAbdiyoM meM mAthura saMgha digambara sampradAya meM bahuta lokapriya thA / isa kAla meM isa saMgha ke AcAryoM dvArA vibhinna sthAnoM para mUrtiyA~ sthApita karavAI gaIM / bagherA ke jaina mandira meM brahmANI kI prastara pratimA ke 1158 I0 ke lekha meM mAthura saMgha ke paNDita mahAsena kA ullekha hai / vartamAna meM sAMgAnera meM sindhI jI ke mandira meM pratiSThita eka zveta prastara pratimA ke 1167 I0 ke lekha meM isa saMgha ke yazakIrti kA nAmollekha hai / isI prakAra 1175 I0 kI mAthura saMgha ke ullekha 1. jaizisa, kra0 208 / 2. jabAbA rAeso, saM0 44, bhAga, 17, pR0 163 evaM pITarasana riporTa 1883-84 3. pralesa, kra0 37 / 4. vahI, kra0 45 / 5. jaiseskU, pR0 112; nAjailesa, 1, kra0 145, 326-327, 336 / 6. darzanasAra, pR0 17 / 7. jaisaskU, pR0 112 / 8. jaiirA, pR0 70 / 9. erirAmyUa, 1919-20, kra0 4 / 10. vIravANI, 5, pR0 41 /

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94 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma kI zveta saMgamaramara kI padmaprabhu kI pratimA vartamAna meM mAroTha meM hai / ' 1175 I0 meM hetyA aura usake putra vilhaNa ne mAroTha meM eka pratimA isa saMgha ke yazakIrti dvArA hI pratiSThita krvaaii|2 1170 I0 ke bijauliyA zilAlekha ke lekhaka mAthura saMgha ke guNabhadra the / udayapura ke nikaTa rUpAhelI ke jaina mandira meM 1176 I0 ke caukora jaina stambha para utkIrNa abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha stambha mAthura saMgha ke eka AcArya kI ajikA kI ziSyA padmazrI ke dvArA nirmita karavAyA gayA thaa| ajamera myUjiyama meM rakhI pArzvanAtha pratimA ke 1174 I0 ke lekha meM mAthura saMgha kA ullekha hai / " isI prakAra yahIM rakhI eka sarasvatI mUrti ke 1179 I0 ke lekha meM mAthura saMgha ke AcArya cArukIti kA ullekha hai|6 3. lADovAgar3a saMgha :-ajamera myUjiyama meM rakhI huI eka pratimA ke 1179 I0 ke abhilekha meM isa saMgha kA nAmollekha hai / yaha saMgha sambhavataH dakSiNI rAjasthAna meM vAgar3a pradeza se sambandhita thaa| madhyakAla meM yaha saMgha kASThA saMgha meM vilIna hokara usakA eka gaccha bana gyaa| (2) madhyakAla : ( ka ) zvetAmbara sampradAya meM bheda-prabheda : (ka-1 ) pravartamAna gaccha : 13vIM se 16vIM zatAbdI taka rAjasthAna meM nimnalikhita gacchoM kA astitva dekhane ko milatA hai| 1. aMcala gaccha-isakA pUrvanAma vidhi pakSa thA jisakA uddezya zuddha evaM zAstrokta siddhAntoM kA pAlana karanA thaa| eka bAra kotI nAmaka vyApArI ne pATaNa meM pratikramaNa ke samaya mu~hapattI ke sthAna para apane hI vastra ( aMcala ) kA prayoga kiyA / kumArapAla ne apane guru vijayacanda se isakA kAraNa puuchaa| guru ne use naye vidhi pakSa ke bAre meM 1. saMvat 1232 phAlguna sudI 10 mAthura saMghe paNDitAcArya zrI yazakIrti bhakta zreSThI manoratha suta kulacandra lakSmIya zrIyase kariteya / 2. saMvat 1232 phAlguna sudI 10 mAthura saMghe paNDitAcArya zrI yazakIrti bhavatena sAha hetyAkena putra vIlhaNa hutena zreya saMkAriteya / 3. ei, 24, pR0 84 / / 4. erirAmyua, 1925-26, kra0 3 / 5. pralesa, 34 / 6. vahI, 38 / 7. vahI, 39 /

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 95 samajhAyA, tabhI se kumArapAla bhI apane A~cala kA prayoga praNAma karate samaya karane lagA !' yaha gaccha 1156 I0 meM rAjasthAna ke bAhara prArambha huA, kintu madhyakAla meM rAjasthAna meM jaisalamera va sirohI rAjyoM meM bahuta pracalana meM rhaa| rAjasthAna meM isakA sarvaprathama ullekha 1206 I0 meM dharmaghoSa sUri dvArA pratiSThita jIrAulA tIrtha kI eka pratimA para milatA hai / 2 1392 I0 se 1495 I0 taka ke 21 pratimA lekha, aMcala gaccha ke vividha AcAryoM ke ullekha sahita sirohI ke vividha sthAnoM se prApta huye haiN| isI prakAra 34 anya pratimA lekha rAjasthAna ke vividha bhAgoM se vibhinna mandiroM se 1376 I0 se 1597 I. taka ke bhI upalabdha haiN| 2. Agamagaccha yA Agamika gaccha-pUNimiyA gaccha ke zIlaguNa sUri aura devabhadra sUri ne A~calagaccha kI sadasyatA grahaNa kara lii| kintu kucha hI samaya meM ise bhI chor3akara unhoMne nayA gaccha nirmita kara liyaa| inake anusAra kSetrapAla kI pUjA nahIM kI jAnI cAhiye / inhoMne kucha naye siddhAnta bhI pratipAdita kiye aura apane paMtha ko Agamika gaccha nAma diyA / " yaha gaccha 1157 I0 yA 1193 I0 meM utpanna huA, kintu rAjasthAna meM yaha 14vIM zatAbdo se astitva meM AyA pramANita hotA hai| yaha sirohI, mAravAr3a, osiyA, jaisalamera, ajamera, jayapura, nAgaura aura bAr3amera kSetroM meM pracalana meM thaa| isa gaccha kA sarvaprathama nAmollekha 1364 I0 ke jIrAulA tIrtha ke pratimA lekha meM utkIrNa milatA hai / isa gaccha ke ullekha ke 1414 I0 se 1524 I0 taka ke 11 anya abhilekha bhI vividha kSetroM se prApta haiN| 3. tapAgaccha :--jagacandra sUri mahAn vidvAn va tapasvI muni the| unhoMne apane jIvanakAla meM 12 varSa taka Ayambila sAdhanA mRtyu paryanta kI aura isa prakAra 12 varSa gujAre / unakI kaThora sAdhanA ko dekhakara 1228 I0 meM mevAr3a ke rAjA jaitrasiMha ne unheM "tapA" ( vAstavika saMnyAsI) kI upAdhi do| tabhI se nirgrantha gaccha ko 1. zrabhama, 5, khaNDa 2, sthavirAvalI, pR0 65 / 2. zrIjaipralesa, kra0 308 / 3. vahI, kra 0 347, 294, 295, 301, 277, 237, 16, 209, 64, 254, 195, 263, 272, 239, 26, 146, 361, 63 Adi / 4. pralesa, pariziSTa 2, pR0 222 / 5. zrabhama, 5, khaNDa 2, pR0 66 / 6. zrI jaipralesa, kra0 304 a / 7. vahI, kra 0 75, 1,82, 247; pralesa , kra0 215, 420, 531, 572, 639, 745, 887 /

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96 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma "tapA" nAma milaa|' karnala mAilsa ne tapAgaccha kI nimna zAkhAyeM batAI haiM |vijy deva sUri tapA zAkhA 1675 I0 meM, vijayarAja sUri tapA zAkhA 1534 I0 meM, kamalakalaza tapA zAkhA 1534 I0 meM, vRhataposAla tapA zAkhA 1526 I0 meM, laghu posAla tapA zAkhA 1526 I0 meM, sAgaragaccha tapA zAkhA 1557 I0 meM, kutubapurAgaccha tapA zAkhA, vijayAnanda sUri tapA zAkhA 1600 I0 meM, vijayaratna sUri tapA zAkhA, AgamIya tapA zAkhA 1300 I0 meM, brAhmI tapA zAkhA tathA nAgaurI tapA zAkhA 1576 I0 meM astitva meM aaiiN| inake atirikta abhilekhoM meM nimna zAkhAoM kA aura ullekha hai-vRddha tapA zAkhA, vijaya tapA zAkhA", candrakula tapA zAkhA', kutubupurA tapA zAkhA, saMvighna tapA zAkhA / ' rAjasthAna meM yaha gaccha mukhyataH sirohI', mevAr3a aura jaisalamera, meM adhika prabhAvazAlI rahA / isa gaccha ke AcAryoM dvArA sthApita mUrtiyA~ rAjasthAna ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM pAI jAtI hai| madhyakAla meM 1356 I0 se 1600 I0 taka kI, tapAgaccha ke AcAryoM dvArA pratiSThita 158 pratimAoM ke lekha rAjasthAna ke vibhinna mandiroM se prApta haiN|1| 4. pUrNimiyA gaccha yA pUrNimA gaccha yA sAradhA pUrNimiyA gaccha :-isa gaccha kI utpatti pUrNimA ke dina hone se aisA nAma huaa| sAradhA pUrNimiyA gaccha 1179 I0 meM prArambha huA12 / eka anya mata ke anusAra isakI utpatti 1102 I013 meM huI / kumArapAla ne hemacandra muni ke dvArA pUNimiyA gaccha ke AcArya ko bulavAkara unake zAstra-sammata AcaraNa ke bAre meM prazna kiyaa| saMtoSaprada uttara na milane para isa gaccha 1. nAjailesa, kra0 1194 / 2. jaiseskU, pR0 60 / 3. ie, 23, pR0 179 / 4. nAjailesa, 2, kra0 1753 / 5. vahI, bhAga 1, kra0 63 / 6. ie, 19, pR0 234 / / 7. nAjailesa, 1, kra0 849 evaM 851 / 8. vahI, kra0 1799 / 9. aprjailes| 10. nAjailesa, bhAga 1, 2-3 evaM pralesa / 11. pralesa, pariziSTa 2, pR0 224-225 / 12. jaiirA, pR0 59 / / 13. zrabhama, 5, khaMDa 2, pR0 23 /

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 97 ke sAdhuoM ko deza nikAlA de diyA gyaa| kumArapAla kI mRtyu ke uparAnta AcArya sumati siMha pATana aaye| unhoMne apane Apako sAradhA pUNimiyA gaccha se saMbaMdhita btaayaa| isa gaccha ke anuyAyI phaloM se pUjana nahIM karate haiN| rAjasthAna se bAhara utpanna hone para bhI yahA~ isa gaccha ke anuyAyI the / madhyakAla meM yaha sirohI, mAravAr3a, jaisalamera, jodhapura, nAgaura, ajamera aura udayapura kSetroM meM pracalita rahA / isa gaccha meM 3 zAkhAeM nirmita huI3-pradhAna zAkhA, bhImapallIya zAkhA aura sAdhu zAkhA / sirohI kSetra se isa gaccha ke ullekha ke 43 pratimA lekha dekhane ko mile haiM, jo 1347 I0 se 1567 I0 taka ke haiM / 5. pUrNimA pakSIya--pUrNimA gaccha se hI yaha zAkhA sambhavataH saMbaddha rahI hogii| isa gaccha kA ullekha 1329 I0 se 1547 I0 taka rAjasthAna ke vibhinna jaina maMdiroM se prApta 28 mUrti lekhoM meM milatA hai| 6. pUrNimApakSe bhIma pallIya gaccha-pUrNimA gaccha kI bhImapallIya zAkhA kA ullekha 1456 I09, va 1519 I010 ke lekhoM meM draSTavya hai| 7. pUrNimApakSe kaccholIvAla-pUrNimA gaccha kI isa zAkhA kA ullekha 1456 I011, 1474 I012, 1468 I013 aura 1470 I014 ke hI eka anya pratimA lekha meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| 1. zrabhama, 5, khaNDa 2, pR0 65 / 2. nAjailesa bhAga 1, 2, 3 evaM aprajailesa / 3. jaiseskU, pR0 56 / 4. nAjailesa, 3, kra0 2294, 2484 / 5. vahI, kra0 2309, 2342 / 6. vahI, kra0 2469, 2457 / 7. zrI jaipralesa, kra0 178, 70, 273, 54, 139, 360, 119, 221, 18, 94, 121, 356, 363, 28, 2, 368, 56, 262, 32, 140, 141, 93, 71, 8, 261, 79, 168, 11, 95, 126, 217, 166, 207, 31, 246, 101, 29, 207, 267, 53, 362, 226 / 8. pralesa, pari0 2, pR0 226 / 9. pralesa, kra0 521 / 10. vahI, kra0 962 / 11. vahI, kra0 523 / 12. vahI, kra0 657 // 13. vahI, kra0 84 / 14. vahI, kra0 685 /

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98 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 8. pUrNimA pakSe vaTapadrIya-pUrNimA gaccha se saMbaMdhita rahI isa zAkhA kA ullekha 1466 I0 kI sAMgAnera ke mahAvIra maMdira ko mUrti ke lekha meM milatA hai|' 9. upakeza gaccha-upakeza nagara ( osiyA ) se utpanna isa gaccha kA nAmollekha 1287 I0 se 1535 I0 taka kI 58 pratimAoM ke lekhoM meM dekhane ko milatA hai| 10. kRSNaSi gaccha--isa gaccha kA ullekha 1416 I0, 1444 I0, 1467 I0 aura 1477 I0 ke mUrti lekhoM meM upalabdha hai| isake atirikta sirohI kSetra meM 1426 I0 kI 2 mUrtiyoM meM bhI isakA ullekha draSTavya hai|4 11. kRSNaSi tapA gakSa-tapAgaccha kI isa zAkhA kA ullekha 1426 IsvI, 1450 IsvI, 1468 IsvI, 1473 IsvI aura 1477 IsvI ke pratimA lekhoM meM dekhane ko milatA hai|" 12. komala gaccha ---isa gaccha kA nAma derAsara ke jar3AU pAzvanAtha mandira kI ajitanAtha paMcatIrthI ke 1477 I0 ke lekha meM upalabdha hotA hai| 13. khaDAyatha gaccha-sirohI AdinAtha mandira ke caturviMzati paTTa ke 1236 I0 ke abhilekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha hai| 14. kharatara gaccha-madhyakAla meM yaha gaccha rAjasthAna kA sarvAdhika lokapriya gaccha thA / madhyakAla meM isa gaccha ke AcAryoM dvArA aneka pratimAeM sthApita karavAI gaIM / rAjasthAna ke vibhinna kSetroM ke 1251 I0 se 1599 I0 taka ke 152 pratimAlekhoM meM isa gaccha ke AcAryoM va zrAvakoM kA nAmollekha dekhane ko milatA hai| 15. kharatara madhukara gaccha--yaha kharatara gaccha kI eka zAkhA thii| mer3atA ke dharmanAtha mandira ko zItalanAtha paMcatIrthI para aMkita 1490I0 ke lekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha hai| 16. koraMTa gaccha-isa gaccha kI utpatti rAjasthAna ke prAcIna nagara va jaina 1. pralesa, kra0 626 / 2. vahI, pari0 2, pR0 222 / 3. vahI, kra0 211, 351, 648, 782 / 4. zrI jaipralesa, kra. 288, 291 / 5. pralesa, kra0 241, 416, 659, 722, 780 / 6. vahI, kra0 770 / 7. vahI, kra0 56 / 8. vahI, pari0 2, pR0 223 evaM zrI jaipralesa 339, 136, 66, 73, 97, 48, 84, 72 / 9. pralesa, kra0848 /

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 99 tIrtha koraTA se haI / isa gaccha kA nAmollekha vividha kSetroM se prApta 1335 I0 se 1511 iM0 taka kI 18 mUrtiyoM ke lekhoM meM upalabdha haA hai| 17. jagadeva saMtAnIya gaccha-sirohI rAjya meM dharAda se prApta 2 mUrtiyoM1465 I0 aura 1526 I02 tathA jIrAulA se prApta 1364 I0 kI pratimAoM ke lekhoM meM isa gaccha kA ullekha milatA hai| 18. kAcholI gaccha-sirohI rAjya ke kAcholI gAMva se isa gaccha ko utpatti huii| isI gA~va kI 1246 I0 kI eka pratimA ke lekha meM isa gaccha ke merU muni kA nAma hai| 19. caitragaccha-caitragaccha kA nAmollekha 1252 I0 se 1525 I0 taka kI 22 matiyoM ke abhilekhoM meM dRSTavya hai| 20. jIrApallI gaccha-sirohI rAjya ke jIrApallI tIrtha (jIrAulA) ke nAma se yaha gaccha prasiddha huaa| isa gaccha kA nAma sirohI rAjya se prApta 1354 I0 se 1470 I0 taka ke 6 mUrtilekhoM tathA sAthAM meM prApta vAsupUjya paMcatIrthI ke 1426 I0 ke lekha meM milatA hai| 21. jIrAulA gaccha-pUrvokta gaccha kA apabhraMza rUpa hI jIrAulA gaccha hai / isake ullekha vAle 1492 I0 va 1500 I0 ke abhilekha draSTavya haiN| 22. vRhattapA yA vRddhatapA gaccha--yadyapi abhilekhIya pramANoM ke AdhAra para yaha tapAgaccha se bhI prAcIna hai, kintu vivecya kAla meM isakA tapAgaccha meM vilaya ho gayA pratIta hotA hai / rAjasthAna meM yaha bahuta lokapriya gaccha thA, jisakI puSTi adhika saMkhyA meM prApta abhilekhoM se hotI hai / rAjasthAna ke vividha kSetroM kI 1424 I0 se 1580 I0 ke madhya kI pratiSThita 63 mUrtiyoM ke lekhoM meM isakA ullekha draSTavya hai / 10 1. pralesa, pari0 2, pR0 223 evaM zrI jaipralesa kra0 7, 205 / 2. zrI jaipralesa, kra0 40 / 3. vahI, kra0 10 / 4. vahI, kra0 303 a / 5. vahI, kra0 332 / 6. pralesa, pari0 2, pR0 224 tathA zrI jaipralesa, kra0 106, 67, 17, 155, 37, 213, 267 / 7. zrI jaipralesa, kra0 309, 310, 99, 62, 266, 138 / 8. pralesa, kra0 245 / / 9. pralesa, kra0 855 evaM 892 / 10. zrI jaipralesa, pR0 43-45 kI tAlikA /

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.. 100 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 23. cirApadrIya gaccha-isa gaccha kA ullekha sirohI kSetra ke vibhinna sthAnoM se prApta 1413 I0 se 1475 I. taka ke 8 mUrti lekhoM meM milatA hai| 24. dharmaghoSa gaccha-AcArya dharmaghoSa ke nAma se yaha gaccha prasiddha huaa| rAjasthAna ke vibhinna jaina mandiroM ke 1252 I0 se 1520 I. taka ke 53 pratimA lekhoM meM isa gaccha kA ullekha dekhane meM AtA hai| 25. nAgendra gaccha--yaha gaccha nAgendra kula se utpanna huaa| rAjasthAna ke vividha pradezoM meM isa gaccha ke ullekha vAle 22 mUrtilekha 1238 I0 se 1560 I0 ke madhya ke upalabdha huye haiM / 26. nigama prabhAvaka gaccha-isa gaccha kA ullekha 1524 I0 ke 2 abhilekhoM meM milatA hai jo sirohI rAjya kI pratimAoM se prApta hue|4 27. nivRtti kula yA gaccha-nivRtti kula se nivRtti gaccha utpanna huaa| isakA ullekha 1472 I0 aura 1510 I0 ke mUrtilekhoM meM hai|" 28. piSpala gaccha-isa gaccha ke nAmollekha vAle 51 lekha 1234 I0 se 1504 I0 ke madhya ke sirohI kSetra ke vibhinna sthAnoM se prApta huye haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha eka sthAnIya gaccha thA jo sirohI kSetra meM hI vizeSa pracalana meM thaa| 29. bRhada gaccha-pUrva madhyakAla meM AbU se utpanna yaha gaccha madhyakAla meM rAjasthAna meM paryApta lokapriya thaa| isa gaccha ke 1259 I0 se 1502 I0 taka ke 39 mUrti lekha sirohI kSetra meM dekhane ko milate haiM / 30. brahmANa gaccha-sirohI rAjya meM brahmANa (varamANa) tIrtha se pUrva madhyakAla meM utpanna isa gaccha kA ullekha 1284 I0 se 1511 I0 taka ke 48 pratimA lekhoM meM bhI hai| 1. zrI jaipralesa, kra0 206, 268, 65, 142, 229, 61, 165, 172 evaM pralesa, pari0 2, pR0 227 / 2. zrI jaipralesa, kra0 199, 290, 98,269, 123, evaM pralesa, pari0 2, pR0225 / 3. zrI jaipralesa, kra0 57, 6, 183, 369, 218, 96, 197, 365, 39, 215, 122, 27 evaM pralesa kra0 22, 58, 151, 167, 366, 696, 883, 931, 946, 951 / 4. zrI jaipralesa, kra0 80, 241 / 5. pralesa, kra0 712, 937 / 6. zrI jaipralesa, pR0 40-50 taka kI sUcI / 7. zrI jaipralesa, kra0 292 a, 219,22 evaM pralesa pari0 2, pR0 226 / 8. zrI jainalesa, pR0 53 evaM 54 para sUcIbaddha; pralesa, pari0 2, pR0 226 /

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jainadharmaM bheda aura upabheda : 101 -- - isa gaccha kA ullekha 1292 I0 se 1580 I0 taka ke 31. bhAvaDAra gaccha lagabhaga 25 mUrti lekhoM meM upalabdha hotA hai' | 32. maDAhaDa gaccha -- isa gaccha kA udbhava madAhada yA madAra nAmaka sthAna se huA / isa gaccha ke 1310 I0 se 1526 I0 taka ke 9 mUrti lekha sirohI rAjya se upalabdha hote haiM / 33. maDADa ratnapurIya gaccha - isa gaccha ke nAmollekha ke 1428 I0, 1444 I0 va 1500 I0 ke lekha prApta haiM / 34. malladhArI gaccha-- isa gaccha ke ullekha ke 1401 I0 se 1527 I0 taka ke 30 pratimA lekha sirohI rAjya meM upalabdha hote haiM / 35. vimala gaccha -- isa gaccha ke nAmollekha kA eka mUrtilekha sirohI kSetra meM luANA ke jaina mandira meM ajitanAtha paMcatIrthI para milA hai / 36. saMDeraka gaccha -- pUrva madhyakAla udbhUta meM isa gaccha kA ullekha 1211 I0 se 1531 I0 taka ke 38 mUrti lekhoM meM bhI milatA hai / 37. sarasvatI gaccha -- isa gaccha ke ullekha vAle 1456 I0 va 1563 I0 ke pratimA lekha sirohI rAjya ke dharAda gA~va meM prApta haiM / 38. siddhAnti gaccha - isa gaccha ke 1444 I0 se 1541 I0 taka ke 7 mUrti lekha dekhane ko milate haiM / " 39. citrApallIya gaccha - isa gaccha ke nAmollekha kA 1277 I0 kA pratimA lekha jayapura paMcAyatI maMdira kI paMcatIrthI para aMkita hai / 1460 I0 kA utkIrNa dekhane ko 1. zrI jaipralesa, kra0 20, 113; 176,255, 150, 235, 124, evaM pralesa, kra0 169, 342, 362, 545, 578, 583 Adi / 2. zrI jaipralesa, kra0 334, 103, pralesa, kra0 210, 603, 672, 788, 789 Adi / 162, 88, 157, 9, 191, 363, 402, 463, 527, 3. pralesa, kra0 253, 339, 891 / 4. zrI jaipralesa, kra0 292ba, evaM pralesa, pari0 2, pR0 227 // 5. zrI jaipralesa, kra0 359 / 6. vahI, kra0 208 evaM pralesa, pari0 2, pR0 228 / 7. zrI jaipralesa, kra0 174, 264 // 8. vahI, kra04, 153, 145, 252, 19, 212, evaM pralesa, kra0 999 / 9. pralesa, kra0 86 /

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102 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 40. citrAvAla gaccha-isa gaccha ke ullekha ke 1444 I0, 1446 I0, 1448 I0, 1451 I0 va 1456 I0 ke mUrti lekha upalabdha haiN| 41. citrAvAlA dhArApadrIya gaccha-do gacchoM ke sammizraNa se nirmita isa gaccha kA nAma nAgaura ke mahAtmA jeThamala upAzraya meM muni suvrata paMcatIrthI ke 1504 I0 ke lekha meM prApta hotA hai / 42. chahitarA gaccha-jayapura meM sumatinAtha maMdira kI anaMtanAtha paMcatIrthI para 1555 I0 ke lekha meM isa gaccha kA sandarbha diyA gayA hai| '43. jAkhaDiyA gaccha-isa gaccha kA ullekha nAgaura ke bar3A maMdira kI zItalanAtha paMcatIrthI ke 1477 I0 ke lekha meM hai| 44. jAloharIya gaccha-mAlapurA ke muni suvrata mandira kI pArzvanAtha paMcatIrthI ke lekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha hai / " 45. DekAtrIya gaccha-koTA meM candraprabhu mandira kI pArzvanAtha paMcatIrthI para 1351 I0 ke lekha meM isa gaccha kA nAma hai| 46. dvivaMdanIka gaccha-isa gaccha kA ullekha 1390 I0, 1466 I0 aura 1468 I0 ke pratimA lekhoM meM dekhane ko milatA hai| 47. nAgara gaccha-isa gaccha kI utpatti rAjasthAna ke prAcIna nagara "nagara" ke nAma para huI / isa gaccha kA nAmollekha kekar3I ke candraprabhu mandira kI pArzvanAtha paMcatIrthI para aMkita hai, jo 1236 I0 kA hai| 48. nAgorI tapAgaccha-tapAgaccha kI yaha zAkhA nAgaura meM astitva meM aaii| 1494 I0 ke eka mUrti lekha meM isakA ullekha prApta hai| 49. nANakoya yA jJAnakoya gaccha-isakI utpatti nANA nAmaka prAcIna tIrtha se huI / isa gaccha kA ullekha nANakIya nAma se 1253 I0 se 1473 I0 ke madhya ke 4 1. pralesa, kra. 346, 370, 397, 434, 505 / 2. vahI, kra0 913 / 3. vahI, kra0 1010 / 4. vahI, kra0 773 / 5. vahI, kra0 23 / 6. vahI, kra0 146 / 7. vahI, kra0 173, 372, 652 / 8. vahI, kra0 57 / 9. vahI, kr0865|

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 103 mUrti lekhoM aura jJAnakIya nAma se 1444 I0 se 1504 I0 taka ke 11 mUrti lekhoM meM dekhane ko milatA hai| 50. nANAvAla gaccha-isa gaccha kI prasiddhi bhI nANA tIrtha ke nAma se huI / isake ullekha ke 1472 I0 se 1513 I0 taka ke 7 pratimA lekha prApta hote haiN| 51. pallo gaccha-~pAlI nagara se yaha gaccha utpanna huaa| 1378 I0 se 1518 I0 taka ke 11 lekhoM meM isakA nAma dekhane ko milatA hai / 52. pallIvAla gaccha-isa gaccha kI utpatti pallIvAla jAti se sambandhita hai / isake nAmollekha ke 1453 I0 se 1526 I. taka ke 5 pratimAlekha upalabdha hote haiM / 4 53. kAzadraha gaccha-koTA ke kharataragaccha AdinAtha mandira meM 1565 I0 ke pratimA lekha meM isa gaccha kA nAma upalabdha hai| 54. pippala gaccha-isa gaccha kA utpatti sthAna ajJAta hai| isakA ullekha 1459 I0, 1473 I0 aura 1480 I. ke mUrti lekhoM se prApta hotA hai| 55. pippalagacchetalAjIya-harasUlI ke pArzvanAtha mandira kI sumatinAtha paMcatIrthI para isa gaccha kA nAmollekha hai| 56. pippalagacche tribhavIyA-pippala gaccha se sambaddha isa zAkhA kA ullekha 1419 I0, 1467 I0 aura 1468 I0 ke pratimA lekhoM meM dekhane ko milatA hai|' 57. vRhada gacche jinerAvaTaMke-nAgaura bar3A mandira kI suvidhinAtha paMcatIrthI para 1456 I0 ke lekha meM vRhada gaccha kI isa zAkhA kA ullekha hai| 58. vRhadagacche jIrApallI gaccha-sambhavataH yaha jIrApallI meM vikasita vRhadagaccha kI eka zAkhA hai| savAI mAdhopura ke vimalanAtha mandira meM mani suvrata paMcatIrthI ke 1462 I0 ke lekha meM isa gaccha kA nAma hai / 10 1. pralesa, kra0 68, 89, 139, 301 evaM 349, 381, 467, 519, 675, 697 aadi| 2. vahI, kra0 713, 783, 819, 930, 932, 934, 943 / 3. vahI, kra0 162, 177, 183, 261, 262, 197, 430, 759,863, 901, 956 / 4. vahI, kra0 470, 4720, 723, 823 evaM 973 / 5. pralesa, kra0 1021 / 6. vahI, kra0 553, 723, 813 / 7. vahI, kra0 778 / 8. vahI, kra0 217, 640, 677 / 9. vahI, kra. 514 / 10. vahI, kra0 594 /

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104 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 59. boMkar3iyA gaccha--isa gaccha kA nAmollekha 1439 I0 se 1505 I0 taka ke 4 mati lekhoM se upalabdha hotA hai|' 60. boMkar3ayA vahada gaccha-vRhadagaccha se sambandhita isa zAkhA kA nAmollekha panavAr3a ke mahAvIra mandira kI dharmanAtha paMcatIrthI ke 1473 I0 ke lekha meM prApta hotA hai| 61. bhInamAla gaccha--bhInamAla se utpanna isa gaccha kA nAma bhinAya ke kesariyA nAtha mandira meM suvidhinAtha paMcatIrthI para 1456 I0 ke lekha meM upalabdha hotA hai| 62. rAja gaccha-1447 I0, 1452 I0 va 1453 I0 ke pratimA lekhoM meM isa gaccha kA nAma dekhane ko milatA hai| 63. rAmasenIya gaccha-nAgaura bar3A mandira ko padmaprabhu paMcatIrthI ke 1401 I0 ke mUrti lekha meM isa gaccha kA nAma hai|" 64. rudrapallIya gaccha-1449 I0 se 1496 I0 ke madhya ke 12 pratimA lekhoM meM isa gaccha kA nAma upalabdha hai| 65. vidyAdhara gaccha--isa gaccha kI utpatti vidyAdhara kula se huii| nAgaura bar3A mandira, kuMthunAtha caturviMzati paTTa ke 1463 I0 ke lekha meM isa gaccha kA nAma hai| 66. vRtrANA gaccha--mer3atA ke yugAdIzvara mandira kI zAMtinAtha paMcatIrthI ke 1450 I0 ke lekha meM isa gaccha kA nAma diyA gayA hai| 67. vRddha thArApadrIya gaccha--thArApadrIya gaccha se sambandhita isa zAkhA kA ullekha 1383 I0 va 1470 I0 ke pratimAlekhoM meM dekhane ko milatA hai| 68. satIzalI gaccha-isa gaccha kA sandarbha mAlapurA ke muni suvrata mandira kI AdinAtha paMcatIrthI ke 1477 I0 ke lekha meM hai| 1. pralesa, kra0 315, 714, 716, 916 / 2. vahI, kra0 725 / 3. vahI, kra0 509 / 4. vahI, kra0 379, 441, 458 / 5. vahI, kra0 182 / 6. vahI, kra0 401, 438, 454-456, 520, 570, 669, 741, 830, 840, 873 / 7. vahI, kra0608 / 8. vahI, kra0 426 / 9. vahI, kra0 166, 687 / 10. vahI, kra0 875 /

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 105 69. sAdhupUrNimA gaccha-yaha pUrNimA gaccha kI eka zAkhA hai / 1375 I0 se 1476 I0 ke madhya ke 5 pratimAlekhoM meM isa gaccha kA nAmollekha hai|' ___ 70. sItara gaccha-savAI mAdhopura ke vimalanAtha mandira kI AdinAtha paMcatIrthI ke 1405 I0 ke lekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha hai / 2 71. suvihita pakSa gaccha--caityavAsa ke virodha svarUpa utpanna isa gaccha kA ullekha koTA ke mANikyasAgara mandira kI suvidhinAtha paMcatIrthI ke 1555 I0 ke lekha meM hai| 72. sudharma gaccha--bheMsaror3a gar3ha sthita RSabhadeva mandira kI ajitanAtha paMcatIrthI ke 1600 I0 ke mUrti lekha meM isa gaccha kA nAmollekha hai / / 73. harSapurIya gaccha-isa gaccha kI utpatti harasUra (harSapurA) se huii| nAgaura bar3A mandira kI ajitanAtha paMcatIrthI ke 1498 I0 ke lekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha hai|" 74. hAroja gaccha- harasUlI ke pArzvanAtha mandira kI mahAvIra paMcatIrthI ke 1388 I0 ke lekha meM isa gaccha kA sandarbha diyA gayA hai / / 75. vApaDIya gaccha--yaha gaccha jaisalamera kSetra meM 13vIM zatAbdI meM pracalana meM thaa| 76. devAcArya gaccha--pAlI se prApta eka abhilekha meM isa gaccha ke mahezvarAcArya AmnAya kA ullekha hai / 13vIM zatAbdI ke abhilekhoM meM isakA ullekha haiN|' 77. prabhAkara gaccha--mer3atA se khoje gaye eka abhilekha meM isa gaccha kA sandarbha diyA gayA hai| 78. vyavasiha gaccha-ratnapura, mAravAr3a se prApta 1286 I0 ke eka lekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha hai / 11 1. pralesa, kra0 158, 359, 361, 709, 765 / 2. vahI, kra. 186 / 3. vahI, kra0 1011 / 4. vahI, kra0 1074 / 5. vahI, kra0 879 / 6. vahI, kra0 170 / 7. nAjalesa, 3, kra0 2218 / 8. vahI, kra 0 813 (bhAga 1) / 9. prAjailesa, 2, sUcI dekheM / 20. nAjailasa, 3, kra0 764 / 11. prAjailesa, 2, kra0 474 evaM 477 /

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106 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 79. hummar3a gaccha-yaha gaccha 15vIM zatAbdI meM udayapura kSetra meM astitva meM thaa|' 80. pAlIkoya gaccha-prakArAntara se pAlI nagara se sambandhita isa gaccha kA ullekha 1425 I0 ke lekha meM hai| 81. purandara gaccha-yaha gaccha vRhattapA gaccha se utpanna huA / renapura, mevAr3a se prApta 1439 I0 ke lekha meM isa gaccha kA sandarbha diyA gayA hai| 82. kutubapurA gaccha-yaha tapAgaccha kI eka zAkhA thI jo, 16vIM zatAbdI meM mAravAr3a meM pracalana meM thii| isakI utpatti kutubapurA se huii| 83. jJAnakappa gaccha-jayapura se prApta 1444 I0 ke abhilekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha hai|" 84. tAvakIya gaccha yA jJAnakIya gaccha-sambhavataH jJAnakIya gaccha ko isa rUpa meM par3ha liyA gayA hai / nANA se prApta 1448 I0 ke lekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha hai|6 85. nAgapurIya gaccha-isa gaccha kI utpatti nAgapura yA nAgaura se huii| 86. udyotanAcArya gaccha--pAlI ( mAravAr3a ) se prApta abhilekha meM isakA ullekha hai| isI lekha meM isakI utpatti pallikIya gaccha se batAI gaI hai| 87. sAgara gaccha-yaha tapAgaccha se rAjasAgara sUri dvArA pRthak kiyA gayA / osiyA se prApta lekha meM isakA sandarbha milatA hai| 88. caMdra gaccha-isa gaccha kI utpatti candrakula se huI / abhilekhIya pramANoM ke anusAra yaha sirohI rAjya meM 1435 I0 meM bhI astitva meM thaa| 10 89. hastikuNDI gaccha-isakI utpatti hastikuNDI mAravAr3a meM huii| udayapura se prApta 1396 I0 ke lekha meM isakA varNana hai|" 1. nAjalesa, 3, kra0 1059 / 2. vahI, 1, kra0825ba / 3. vahI, 3, kra0 700 / 4. vahI, 1, kra0 149-151 / 5. vahI, 2, kra0 1143 / 6. vahI, 1, kra0 887 / 7. vahI, 2, kra0 1606 / 8. vahI, 1, 825 / 9. vahI, kra0 304 / 10. aprajailesa / 11. prAlesa, kra. 43 /

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 107. 90. bharataripura gaccha-mevAr3a meM pUrva madhyakAla meM utpanna isa gaccha kA 13vIM zatAbdI ke eka abhilekha meM ullekha hai|' 91. ratanapuriyA gaccha--mUla rUpa se yaha maDAhaDa gaccha ko zAkhA hai| mevAr3a meM ratanapura meM yaha eka pRthak gaccha ho gyaa| udayapura ke jaina maMdira kI dhAtu pratimA ke 1453 I0 ke lekha meM isakA varNana milatA hai / 2 . 92. bhImapallIya gaccha-bhImapallI nAmaka gA~va se pUrNimA gaccha kI yaha zAkhA utpanna huI / jodhapura se prApta 1541 I0 ke abhilekha meM isakA varNana hai / ' 93. jApadAnA gaccha--isakA ullekha nAgaura ke 1477 I0 ke abhilekha meM. milatA hai| 94. tAvadAra gaccha-jodhapura ke muni suvrata mandira meM 1442 I0 ke pratimA lekha meM isa gaccha kA nAma hai| 95. vAtapoya gaccha-jaisalamera se prApta 1281 I0 ke lekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha hai| 96. saravAlA gaccha---yaha gaccha bhI 13vIM zatAbdI meM jaisalamera kSetra meM astitva meM rahA pratIta hotA hai| 97. caMcalA gaccha-jayapura se prApta 1472 I0 ke abhilekha ke anusAra isa gaccha ke brajezvara sUri ke dvArA padmaprabhu kI pratimA sthApita kI gaI thii| 98. prAyA gaccha-yaha eka sthAnIya gaccha thaa| 1317 I0 ke udayapura se prApta lekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha hai| 99. niththati gaccha-mevAr3a kSetra ke 1439 I0 ke lekha meM isakA ullekha hai / 10 100. begaDa kharatara gaccha-yaha gaccha dharma ballabha, jinakA eka nAma jinezvara sUri bhI thA, ke dvArA 1355 I0 meM prArambha kiyA gayA thaa| isa gaccha ke jinacandrasUri 1. erirAmyUa, 1923, kra0 9 / 2. prAlesa, kra0 49, 124 evaM 256 / 3. nAjailesa, kra0 604 / 4. vahI, kra0 1288 / 5. vahI, kra0 616 / 6. jaiirA, pR0 68 / 7. nAjalesa, 3, kra0 2220, 2221, 2222 Adi / 8. vahI, kra0 1159 / 9. jaiirA 1068 / / 10. nAjailesa, kra0 1078 /

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108 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma ke AcAryatva meM devabhadra ne "kAtaMtravyAkaraNa" kI pratilipi 1531 I0 meM taiyAra kI thii| 101. kAsahada gaccha-kAsiMdrA se utpanna isa gaccha kA ullekha isI gAMva ke jaina mandira ke 1242 I0 ke lekhoM meM hai| (ka-2) navIna sampradAya va pantha : 1. loMkA saMpradAya-muslima AkramaNoM ke prabhAva se 15vIM-16vIM zatAbdI vaicArika krAntiyoM kA yuga rahI / jainadharma meM isake pariNAmasvarUpa vibhinna jaina paMtha, Atma surakSA hetu paraspara nikaTa Aye / sAtha hI kucha loga mUrti pUjA se bilkula pRthaka ho gye| amUrtipUjaka varga mUrti pUjA kI kaTutApUrvaka AlocanA karane lge| lokAzAha sirohI jile ke araThavAr3A grAma ke nivAsI the, jo ahamadAbAda meM yati jJAnajI ke upAzraya meM pratilipi lekhana kArya se jIvikopArjana karate the / pratilipi-karaNa ke daurAna inheM yaha jAnakara Azcarya huA ki zAstroM meM mUrti pUjA kA kahIM varNana nahIM thaa| inhoMne yaha tathya jJAnajI va anya vidvAnoM ke samakSa rkhaa| isase mUrti pUjA ke aucitya ke sambandha meM tIkhA vivAda paidA ho gyaa| antatogatvA 1451 I0 meM lokAzAha ne apane hI nAma para eka pRthak varga yA paMtha saMgaThita kara liyaa| inhoMne na kevala pratimAoM kI sthApanA va pUjana kA niSedha kiyA, apitu pauSadha, pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna Adi ke prati bhI avizvAsa ghoSita kiyaa| hiMsA yA parapIr3ana se sambandhita sabhI dhArmika saMskAroM kA inhoMne kar3A virodha kiyaa| cUMki isa kAla meM musalamAna mandiroM evaM pratimAoM kA vidhvaMsa kara rahe the, ataH inheM apanI vicAradhArA aura siddhAntoM ke pracAra kA suavasara milA / jaina bhikSuoM meM bhI zithilatA va tAttvika vikAra paidA ho gaye the tathA ve pustake, vastra va dhana kA parigraha karane laga gaye the| unakI ApasI kalaha se jana sAmAnya bhI unakA Alocaka ho gayA thA / lokAzAha ne ina paristhitiyoM kA lAbha uThAkara vibhinna sthAnoM kA bhramaNa karake apanA saiddhAMtika abhiyAna yuddha stara para calAye rkhaa| lokAzAha ne apanA saiddhAntika AdhAra 31 sUtroM yA zAstroM ko ghoSita kiyA aura inakI nayI zAstra sammata vyAkhyAyeM dI, jo mUrtipUjA virodhI thiiN| inhoMne "Avazyaka sUtra" kI bhinna vyAkhyAyeM dekara usakA svarUpa hI pUrNataH badala diyA / 1476 I0 meM sirohI ke nikaTa "ArA-ghaTa-pATaka" ke nivAsI bhANa se milane para, use svayaM adI'kSita hote hue bhI dIkSA dilA dI / bhANa ne apanA nAma dhaMdhaka rakha liyA aura 1511 1. jairA, pR0 194 / 2. aprajailesa-kAsiMdrA grAmasya lekha /

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 109. I0 meM inheM rUpaka nAmaka ziSya tathA 1530 I0 meM varasiMha nAmaka ziSya bhI mila gye| paTTAvaliyoM ke pramANoM se jJAta hotA hai ki sAta pATa pazcAt loMkA gaccha ke do mukhya bheda-gujarAtI aura nAgaurI loMkA hue / nAgaurI loMkAgaccha 1523 I0 meM hIrAgara aura rUpacanda se prakaTa huA / gujarAtI loMkAgaccha kI bhI nAnIpakSa, moTI pakSa aura lAhorI loMkA gaccha, tIna zAkhAyeM banIM / isa prakAra loMkA gaccha ke anuyAyI 16vIM zatAbdI ke anta taka atyadhika saMkhyA meM ho gye| 2. bIjAmata yA vijayagaccha-1513 I0 meM loMkAgaccha ke anuyAyI muni bIjA ne eka pRthak gaccha vijaya gaccha ke nAma se sthApita kara liyaa| pahale yaha bIjA mata ke nAma se prasiddha thaa| inhoMne mUrti pUjA ko punaH svIkAra kara apanA svataMtra astitva banA liyaa| yahA~ taka ki apanI paTTAvalo meM loMkAzAha kA ullekha taka nahIM kiyaa| 3. kaDuA mata--kaDuA zAha nADalAI meM 1438 I0 meM paidA huA thaa| pahale vaha nAgara jAti kA thA kintu bAda meM jaina ho gayA aura aMcala gaccha kA anuyAyI bnaa| 1467 I0 meM vaha ahamadAbAda gayA, jahA~ lokAzAha ke vicAroM se prabhAvita hokara usakI bauddhika tRSNA jAgrata huI / vahA~ vaha Agamika gaccha ke panyAsa harikIrti se bhI milA aura unase AgamoM kA adhyayana karane ke bAda usako dIkSA lene kI preraNA huii| harikIti ne use batAyA ki isa yuga meM zAstra sammata AcaraNa karane vAle guru birale hI hai / ataH zAstrIya dIkSA sambhava nahIM ho sakatI / isa tathya ko jAnakara usane apanA pRthak mata sthApita kara liyA, jisakA mUla uddezya yahI pracArita karanA thA ki sAdhuoM kI saMsthA vyartha hai, kyoMki koI saccA sAdhu nahIM hai| unhoMne gRhasthoM kA pakSa liyA aura isa prakAra "kaDuA mata" kI sthApanA kii| yaha mata mUrti pUjA virodhI nahIM hai| rAjasthAna ke bhI kucha kSetroM meM kaDuA mata kA prabhAva rhaa| kaDuA zAha ne apane kaI anuyAyI banAye, jinameM se adhikAMza gujarAta ke the / usane 1466 I0 meM isa paMtha ko sthApita kara 40 varSoM taka isakA pracAra kiyaa| 1507 I0 meM inakI mutyu ke bAda, inake uttarAdhikArI kramazaH khemAzAha, vIrazAha, zAhajIva rAja, tejapAla, zAha ratnapAla jinadAsa aura zAha tejapAla dvitIya, 16vIM zatAbdI kI samApti taka hue| 1. pprs-bhuumikaa| 2. vahI, bhUmikA, pR0 34 / 3. jaiseskU, pR0 78 / 4. vhii|

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110 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma (kha) digambara sampradAya meM bheda-prabheda : (kha-1) pravartamAna saMgha : 1. kASThA saMgha : ___ "darzanasAra" ke anusAra dravir3a saMgha kI bhA~ti yaha bhI eka dharma virodhI va alagAvavAdI paMtha thaa| kumArasena ne maryAdA se cyuta hone para punaH sAdhu jIvana grahaNa nahIM kiyA, apitu 696 I0 meM "kASThA saMgha" nAmaka eka pRthak saMgha sthApita kiyaa| isa saMgha kI sthApanA nAnder3a meM huI / kASThA saMgha kA nAma dillI ke nikaTavartI 'kASThA' nAmaka grAma ke AdhAra para rakhA gyaa| surendra kIrti ne kASThA saMgha ke 4 bheda batAye haiM--1. kASThA saMgha kA mAthura gaccha, 2. kASThA saMgha kA bAgar3a gaccha, 3. kASThA saMgha kA lAr3avAgar3a gaccha aura 4. kASThA saMgha kA naMdI taTa gaccha / surendra kIti svayaM naMdItaTa gaccha ke AcArya the| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prabheda pahale se hI astitva meM the aura bAda meM kASThA saMgha ke hI aMga bana gaye / kumAra sena ke samaya meM yaha saMgha bAgar3a pradeza meM bahuta pracalita huA / isa saMgha kI paramparAyeM mUla digambara saMghoM se bahuta bhinna haiN| kASThA saMgha ke nimnalikhita bheda-prabheda haiM :-- AmnAya : 1. jinakIrti AmnAya 2. lohAcArya AmnAya5 3. rAmasena AmnAya anvaya: 1. agrotaka anvaya 2. khaNDelavAla anvaya 3. lohAcArya anvaya 4. mAthura anvaya 5. rAmasena anvaya1 1. puSkara gaccha12 1. puSkara gaNa 1. darzanasAra, pR0 14 / 2. jaiseskU, pR0 112 / 3. vhii| 4. jaisibhA, 12, aMka 2, pR0 6-8 / 5. nAjailesa, 1, kra0 145-327 / 6. vahI, kra0 641 / 7. vahI, kra0 145 evaM 327 / 8. jaisibhA, 12, aMka 2, pR0 6.8 / 9. nAjailesa, 1, kra0 326 / 10. vahI, bhAga 2, kra0 1483 / 11. vahI, 1, kra. 541 / 12. jaiseskU, pR0 125 / 13. nAjailesa, bhAga 2, kra. 1135 / "gaccha :

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 111 rAjasthAna meM kucha sthAna aise the, jo isa saMgha se atyadhika sambandhita the| udayapura ke pAsa dhuleva ke prasiddha RSabhadeva mandira meM isa saMgha ke bhaTTArakoM kI gAdI rahI hai / kASThA saMgha ke bhaTTArakoM ne isa mandira meM bahuta sA nirmANa kArya aura pratiSThA kArya sampanna karavAyA / yahA~ se prApta lekhoM meM kASThA saMgha ke bhaTTArakoM ke sambandha meM gacchagaNAdi kA vivaraNa isa krama meM diyA gayA hai-kASThA saMgha, naMdItaTa gaccha, vidyAgaNa, rAmasenAnvaya / kisI mUrti lekha meM lohAcAryAnvaya bhI milatA hai / 1696 I0 ke zilAlekha meM lAr3abAgar3a gaccha aura bhaTTAraka pratApakIrti AmnAya kA bhI ullekha hai| RSabhadeva meM kASThA saMgha kI zAkhA, naMdI taTa gaccha ke bhaTTArakoM kA prabhAva prArambha se hI rahA hai| kaI zatAbdiyoM se isa kSetra ko vyavasthA bhI inake hAtha meM rahI / isa saMgha ke prArambhika ullekha kA 1374 I0 kA zilAlekha yahA~ upalabdha hai, jisameM bhaTTAraka dharmakIrti ke padeza se maMdira ke jIrNoddhAra kA ullekha hai| isa abhilekha meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki sAha bIjA ke putra haradAna ne yaha jIrNoddhAra karavAyA thaa| isa kSetra meM upalabdha zilAlekhoM aura mUrtilekhoM meM kASThA saMgha kI eka zAkhA naMdItaTa gaccha vidyAgaNa ke nimnalikhita bhaTTArakoM kA ullekha milatA hai bhaTTAraka rAmasena, dharmakIrti, yazakIti, vizvabhUSaNa, tribhuvanakoti, bhImasena, gopasena, rAjakIrti, lakSmIsena, iMdrabhUSaNa, surendra kIrti, pratApakIrti, zrIbhUSaNa, zubhacaMdra, jayakIti, sumati kIrti, devendra kIrti, jJAna kIrti Adi / / kASThA saMgha ke mAthura gaccha ke madhyakAlIna AcArya : lalita kIrti (1177 I0), mAdhavasena, uddhara sena, devasena, vimala sena, dharma sena, bhAvasena, sahastrakIrti, guNakIrti (1411 I0-1416 I0), yazakIrti (1429 I01440 I0), malaya kIrti (1445 I0-1453 I0), guNabhadra (1453 I0-1533 I0), guNacandra (1519 I0), bhAnukIti (1549 I0), kumArasena (1558 I0-1575 I0), vijayasena / kASThA saMgha ke lAr3abAgar3a gaccha ke madhyakAlona AcArya : anaMtakIrti, vijayasena, citrasena, padmasena, tribhuvana koti, dharmakIti (1374 I0), malaya kIrti (1436 I0), narendra kIti, pratApa kIti, tribhuvana kIrti / 1. bhAdijaitI, 4, pR0 124 / 2. vhii| 3. vhii| 4. vhii| 5. jaiseskU, pR0 117 / 6. vahI, pR0 120 /

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112 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma kASThA saMgha ke bAgar3agaccha ke madhyakAlIna AcArya' : sUrasena, yazakIti, ( yaha saMgha bAda meM lAr3abAgar3a saMgha meM mila gayA ) kASThA saMgha ke naMdI taTa gaccha ke madhyakAlIna AcArya : ratnakoti, lakSmIsena, bhImasena va dharmasena, somakIrti (1469 I0-1483 I0) ka vimalasena, vijayasena va vizAlakIti, yazakIrti va vizvasena (1539 I0), udayasena ka vijayakIrti tathA vidyAbhUSaNa (1547 I0-1579 I0), tribhuvana kIrti, zrIbhUSaNa (1577 I0-1679 ii0)| kASThA saMgha ke bhaTTAraka yazakIti ne 1515 I0 meM sabhAmaMDapa aura naucaukI kI pratiSThA RSabhadeva meM krvaaii| zilAlekhoM aura prazastiyoM se jJAta hotA hai ki vAgar3a pradeza isa saMgha kA mukhya prabhAva kSetra thaa| jayapura ke paMcAyatI mandira ke caturviMzati paTTa ke 1333 I0 ke lekha meM kASThA saMgha, lAr3avAgar3a gaNa ke AcArya tribhuvanakIrti kA nAmollekha hai| isI mandira meM sumatinAtha paMcatIrthI para 1338 I0 ke lekha meM kevala kASThA saMgha kA nAma hai| jayapura ke pArzvacandra upAzraya meM sthita sumatinAtha paMcatIrthI ke 1433 I0 ke lekha meM kASThA saMgha, naMdI taTa gaNa kA ullekha hai|5 karmadI AdinAtha mandira kI caMdraprabha paMcatIrthI ke 1447 I0 ke lekha meM kASThA saMgha vAgar3a gaccha ke hemakIrti kA ullekha hai| ___ hiNDona ke zreyAMsanAtha maMdira meM AdinAtha ekatIrthI ke 1485 I0 ke lekha meM kASThA saMgha mAthura anvaya ke kamalakIrti ke paTTadhara zubhacandra ke paTTadhara haMsasenadeva kA varNana hai / jayapura paMcAyatI maMdira kI anaMtanAtha paMcatIrthI ke 1459 I0 ke lekha meM kASThA saMgha bAgar3agaccha naMdIgaNa ke dharmasena kA varNana hai| jayapura padamaprabha maMdira kI sumatinAtha paMcatIrthI ke 1465 I0 ke lekha meM kASThA saMgha sarasvatI gaccha ke bhaTTAraka somakIrti kA nAma hai| mer3atA ke ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAtha maMdira kI AdinAtha paMcatIrthI ke 1540 I0 ke lekha meM kASThA saMgha ke somakIrti kA ullekha hai| 1. jaiseska, pR0 121 / 2. bhAdijaitI, 4, pR0 111 / 3. pralesa, kra0 133 / 4. vahI, kra0 141 / 5. vahI, kra0 279 / 6. vahI, kra0 383 / 7. vahI, kra0 833 // 8. vahI, kra0 551 / 9. vahI, kra0 625 / 10. vahI, kra0 996 /

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jainadharmaM bheda aura upabheda : 113 2. devasena saMgha- nAgaura meM AdinAtha mandira hIrAbAr3I kI sambhavanAtha pratimA ke 1496 I0 ke lekha meM isa saMgha kA ullekha hai / isI mandira kI 1496 I0 kI eka anya mUrti para bhI isa saMgha kA nAmollekha milatA hai | 3. mUla saMgha - rAjasthAna meM digambara sampradAya meM mUlasaMgha ho 13vIM se 16vIM zatAbdI taka adhika pracalana meM rahA / isake anuyAyI mukhyataH khaNDelavAla jaina the / rAjasthAna se prApta vibhinna abhilekhoM ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki mUla saMgha ke sAtha balAtkAra gaNa, nandi saMgha aura sarasvatI gaccha bhI aMkita kiyA jAtA thA / kucha abhilekhoM meM isa paricaya ke atirikta "kundakundAcAryAnvaya" bhI dekhane ko milatA hai / rAjasthAna meM mUla saMgha ke balAtkAra gaNa kI uttara zAkhA AcAryoM kA varcasva rahA / inhIM AcAryoM kI paramparA meM rAjasthAna meM praveza ke pazcAt se vibhinna sthAnoM para gAdiyA~ sthApita kara kaI zAkhAoM kI sthApanA kI gii| inake nivAsa, pravAsa va uttarAdhikAra ke sambandha meM paTTAvaliyoM meM paramparAoM kI vividhatA dekhane ko milatI hai / 4 paTTAvaliyoM meM mukhya binduoM para ekarUpatA hai, kintu 5vIM paTTAvalI bhinna paramparA batalAtI hai / 5vIM paTTAvalI 1443 I0 taka zubhacandra ke AcAryatva ke ullekha ke sAtha samApta hotI hai aura prAcInatama hai, ataH yaha paryApta vizvasanIya hai| paTTAvaliyoM ke anusAra prathama 26 AcArya bhaddddalapura meM hue, jo prathama cAra paTTAvaliyoM ke anusAra mAlavA meM hai, jabaki vastutaH yaha dakSiNa meM hai, jo 5vIM paTTAvalI se jJAta hotA hai / 27veM AcArya ne apanI gAdI bhaddalapura se ujjaina sthAnAMtarita kara lI / sabhI paTTAvaliyA~ isa tathya kI puSTi karatI haiM / ujjaina se 1083 I0 meM 53veM AcArya mAghacandra ne apanI gAdI koTA kSetra ke bAroM nagara meM sthApita kara lI / 63veM yA 64veM AcArya bAroM meM hI huye / isake pazcAt 77veM krama taka ke AcArya gvAliyara meM rahe / 63 se 77veM arthAt 14 AcAryoM ke bAre meM ukta tathya 4 paTTAvaliyoM meM ullikhita hai, kintu 5vIM paTTAvalI ke anusAra 10 AcArya cittaur3a meM aura 4 bagherA meM pratiSThita hue, jo satya pramANita hotA hai / isakI puSTi isa tathya se bhI hotI hai ki kumArapAla ke samaya cittaur3a durga meM digambara jainoM kI eka sampanna bastI astitva meM thI / " 1. pralesa, kra0 871 / 2. vahI, kra0 872 / 3. jaise skU, pR0 94 / 4. prathama paTTAvalI 1883-84 kI pITarasana riporTa meM prakAzita huI thI, dvitIya, tRtIya evaM caturtha paTTAvaliyA~ i0 e0, jilda 20 meM dI gaI haiM tathA pA~cavIM paTTAvalI ie jilda 21 ke pR0 58 para dI gaI hai / 5. proriAsavesa, 1903-4, pR0 46 / 8

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114 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jenadhamaM isI samaya bagherA meM dharmAMtaraNa ke kAraNa bagheravAla astitva meM Aye tathA 11vIM zatAbdI meM bagherA meM jaina mandira nirmita hue cch 78veM AcArya basantakIrti se ho yaha gAdI 1208 I0 ke lagabhaga ajamera sthAnAM - tarita ho gaI / isa tathya kI sabhI paTTAvaliyA~ - puSTi karatI haiM / basantakIrti kA paTTAbhiSeka 1207 I0 meM huA / zrutasAgara sUri ke anusAra musalamAnoM ke durvyavahAra kAraNa inhoMne hI digambara sAdhuoM ke liye caryA ke samaya zarIra AcchAdana kA prAvadhAna maMDapadurga ( mAMDalagar3ha) meM kiyA thA / ye bagheravAla jAti ke ajamera nivAsI the / bijauliyA abhilekha meM bhI inakA ullekha hai / inake pazcAt 1209 I0 meM vizAlakIrti paTTadhara hue / vizAlakIrti ke pazcAt zubhakIrti paTTadhara hue / bijauliyA abhilekha meM inakA dUsarA nAma damanakIrti bhI diyA huA hai / " zubhakIrti ne 1213 I0 meM kaI pratimAoM kI pratiSThA krvaaii| inake uttarAdhikArI 1214 I0 meM dharmacandra hue, jo humbar3a jAtIya ajamera nivAsI the / 1239 I0 meM inake paTTadhara ratnakIrti huye, jo 14 varSoM taka rahe / ye bhI humbar3a jAtIya ajamera nivAsI the / inake pazcAt 1253 I0 se 1327 I0 taka prabhAcandra paTTadhara rahe / prabhAcandra ke pazcAt 1328 I0 se 1393 I0 taka padmanandI paTTadhara rahe / 4 paTTAvaliyoM ke anusAra 1328 I0 meM padmanandI se hI yaha gAdI ajamera se dillI sthAnAntarita ho gaI / kintu 5vIM paTTAvalI se prApta sahI jAnakArI ke anusAra yaha IDara meM sthAnAntarita huI, kyoMki padmanandI bAgar3a pradeza se sambandhita the / bAgar3a ke eka zrAvaka ne ajamera ke prabhAcandra dvitIya ko pratimAoM kI pratiSThA hetu nimaMtrita kiyA / unake na A sakane ke kAraNa padmanandI ko hI sUrimaMtra de diyA gayA aura zrAvaka ne unheM bhaTTAraka kI upAdhi pradAna kI / isa prakAra IDara meM 1328 I0 meM prathama bhaTTAraka padmanandI huye jo 1393 I0 taka rahe / bhaTTAraka zabda se abhiprAya una vizeSa digambara jaina sanyAsiyoM se hai, jo muniyoM se viparIta eka taraha se dhArmika zAsakoM kI taraha se hote the aura dhArmika mAmaloM meM inakI sarvocca sattA hotI thI / 1. ei, 24, pR0 84 ( bijauliyA abhilekha, zloka 82-83) / 2. jaiseskU, pR0 95 / 3. vahI / 4. ei, 24, pR0 84 / 5. vahI / 6. jaise skU, pR0 95 /

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 115 bhaTTAraka gAdiyoM kA sthAnAntaraNa : pUrvokta vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki mUla saMgha ke AcAryoM kI gAdI bArI se cittaur3a va bagherA, vahA~ se ajamera tathA ajamera se IDara sthAnAntarita huI aura bhaTTAraka gAdI bana gii| bhaTTAraka padmanando (1328 I0-1393 I0) ke 3 ziSyoM se 3 zAkhAe~ astitva meM AI-1. zubhacandra se dillI-jayapura zAkhA, 2. sakalakIti se IDara zAkhA aura 3. devendrakIti se sUrata zAkhA / dillI zAkhA meM zubhacandra (1393 I0-1450 I0) ke pazcAt jinacandra (1450 I0-1514 I0), inake pazcAt prabhAcandra (1514 I0) haye / prabhAcandra ke kAla meM 1515 I0 meM dillI se yaha gAdI cittaur3a A gii| prabhAcandra ke guru bhAI ratnakIrti ne isI samaya nAgaura kI gAdo pRthak se sthApita kara lii| nAgaura meM punaH matabheda ubharane para eka bhAga to ajamera calA gayA va dUsarA nAgaura meM hI rahane lagA / isI prakAra cittaur3a se prabhAcandra ke uttarAdhikArI candrakIrti ke samaya gAdI cAtasU sthAnAntarita huii| isake bAda yaha kramazaH sAMgAnera, AMvA, Amera aura anta meM jayapura sthAnAntarita ho gii| IDara zAkhA ke madhyakAlIna bhaTTAraka' : 1. padmanandI-uttara zAkhA 2. sakala kIrti (1393 I0-1453 I0) 3. bhuvana kIrti (1451 I0-1470 I0) 4. jJAna bhUSaNa (1477 I0-1503 I0) inake samaya meM jJAnakIti ne bhAnapurA zAkhA pRthak se sthApita kii| 5. vijaya kIrti (1500 I01511 I0) 6. zubhacandra (1516 I0-1556 I0) 7. sumatikIrti (1565 I01568 I0) 8. guNakIrti (1574 I0-1582 I0) vAdibhUSaNa (1595 I01599 ii0)| nAgaura zAkhA ke madhyakAlIna bhaTTArakara 1. jinacandra ke kAla meM dillI-jayapura zAkhA se cittaur3a meM pRthak hokara sthApanA 2. ratlakIrti 1524 I0 3. bhuvanakIrti 1529 I0 4. dharmakIrti 1533 I0 5. vizAla kIti 1544 I0 6. lakSmIcandra 1554 I0 7. sahastra kIrti 1574 I0 8. nemIcandra 1593 ii0|3 ajamera zAkhA ke madhyakAlIna bhaTTAraka : 1. vizAlakIrti 1209 I0 2. zubhakIrti 3. dharmacandra 1214 I0 4. ratnakIrti 1239 I0 5. prabhAcandra 1253 I0-ye dillI meM rahe / inake pazcAtvartI padmanaMdI se IDara zAkhA prArambha huii| 1. jaiseskU, pR0 105 / 2. vahI, pR0 100 / 3. vahI, pR0 101 /

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116 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma dillI-jayapura zAkhA ke madhyakAlIna bhaTTAraka cittaur3a sahita' : 1. padmanandI ke ziSya zubhacandra ( 1393 I0-1540 I0 ) ne dillI meM isa zAkhA ko prArambha kiyaa| ye 56 varSa paTTArUr3ha rhe| 2. jinacandra ( 1450 I01514 I0 ) 3. prabhAcandra ( 1514 I0-1523 I0 )-inake gurubhAI ratnakoti ne 1524 I0 meM nAgaura meM gAdI sthApita kii| 4. dharmacandra-1518 I0 meM bhaTTAraka hue, inhoMne 1524 I0 meM gAdI cittaur3a meM sthAnAMtarita kara lii| 5. lalitakIrti 1546 I0-inake kAla meM gAdI Amera sthAnAMtarita ho gii| 6. candrakIrti ne 1575 I0 meM cAtasU meM gAdI sthAnAntarita kii| 13vIM se 16vIM zatAbdI taka mUla saMgha kI ukta gAdiyoM ke bhaTTArakoM ne vividha pratiSThA kArya, mUrti sthApanA evaM sAhitya sRjana krvaayaa| savAI mAdhopura ke vimalanAtha mandira ke AdinAtha caturvizati paTTa ke 1263 I. ke lekha meM kevala "mUlasaMgha" kA ullekha hai / mAlapurA ke muni suvrata mandira kI AdinAtha paMcatIrthI ke 1323 I0 ke lekha meM bhI kevala "mUlasaMgha" kA ullekha hai| jayapura ke paMcAyato mandira sthita paMcatIrthI ke 1405 I0 ke lekha meM "mUlasaMgha ke padmanandI deva gomArADAnvaya" kA ullekha hai|4 sAMgAnera sthita mahAvIra mandira kI saMbhavanAtha paMcatIrthI ke 1423 I0 ke lekha meM "mUlasaMgha, sarasvatI gaNa kuMdakuMdAcAryAnvaya" varNita hai|" saMbhavataH 15vIM zatAbdI se hI mUlasaMgha ke sAtha anvaya, AmnAya, saMgha, gaNa, gaccha jor3ane kI paramparA prArambha huii| ajamera ke saMbhavanAtha mandira ke padmaprabhu caturvizati paTTa ke 1433 I0 ke lekha meM "mUlasaMgha ke nandi saMgha, balAtkAra gaNa, sarasvatI gaccha kundakundAcAryAnvaya" ke bhaTTAraka padmanandI dvArA pratiSThA kA ullekha milatA hai| bheMsaroDagar3ha kesariyAnAtha mandira kI vAsu-pUjya paMcatIrthI ke 1442 I0 ke lekha meM mUlasaMgha ke padmanando anvaya ke sakalakIrti ke ziSya bhuvanakIti dvArA pratiSThA kA varNana hai| isI prakAra koTA ke mANikya sAgara mandira kI zAntinAtha paMcatIrthI ke 1468 I0 ke lekha meM mUlasaMgha ke bhuvanakIrti 1. jaiseskU, pR0 98 / 2. pralesa, kra0 74 / 3. pralesa, kra0 120 / 4. vahI, kra0 187 / 5. vahI, kra0 226 / 6. vahI, kra0 278 / 7. vahI, kra0 331 /

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 117 kA ullekha hai| sAgodiyA RSabhadeva mandira kI AdinAtha paMcatIrthI ke 1474 I0 ke lekha meM mUlasaMgha ke bhuvanakIrti ke ziSya jJAnabhUSaNa kA nAmollekha hai / / savAI mAdhopura vimalanAtha mandira kI saMbhavanAtha paMcatIrthI ke 1478 I0 ke lekha meM bhI ukta AcAryoM ke nAma haiN| kizanagar3ha zAntinAtha mandira kI pArzvanAtha pratimA para 1491 I0 ke lekha meM mUlasaMgha ke sAtha kevala sarasvatI gaccha kA ullekha hai| kizanagar3ha ke yati svarUpacandra upAzraya kI pArzvanAtha ekatIrthI ke 1528 I0 ke lekha meM mUlasaMgha ke vijayakIti kA varNana hai| isI upAzraya meM eka paMcatIrthI ke 1545 I0 ke lekha meM mUlasaMgha ke bhaTTAraka lAbhacandra kA ullekha hai| dAhoda pAzvanAtha mandira ke zAntinAtha catuvizati paTTa ke 1559 I0 ke lekha meM mUlasaMgha, sarasvatI gaccha, balAtkAra gaNa, kundakundAcAryAnvaya ke sakalakIrti kA ullekha hai / bheMsaroDagar3ha meM upalabdha pArzvanAtha pratimA ke 1562 I0 ke lekha meM mUlasaMgha ke zubhacandra ke paTTadhara sumatikIrti kA ullekha hai|' mer3atA ke ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAtha mandira ke navapaTTa yantra ke 1563 I0 ke lekha meM sumatikIrti kA ullekha hai / ajamera myUjiyama kI munisuvrata mUrti ke 1568 I0 ke lekha, aura jayapura sumatinAtha mandira ke pArzvanAtha mUrti ke 1571 I0 ke lekha meM sumatikIrti kA ullekha hai| harasUlI ke pArzvanAtha mandira ke zreyAMsanAtha caturviMzati paTTa ke 1575 I0 ke lekha meM kevala mUlasaMgha kA ullekha hai|11 ajamera myUjiyama kI AdinAtha pratimA ke lekha aura caeNdalAI zAntinAtha mandira kI zAntinAtha pratimA ke 1594 I0 ke lekha meM bhI mUlasaMgha kA ullekha hai / 12 1. pralesa, kra0 662 / 2. vahI, kra0 732 / 3. vahI, kra0 791 / 4. vahI, kra0 851 / vahI, kra0 957 / vahI, kra0 1003 / 7. vahI, kra0 1015 / 8. vahI, kra0 1017 / 9. vahI, kra0 1019 / 10. vahI, kra0 1024, 1026 / 21. vahI, kra. 1028 / 12. vahI, kra. 1038, 1049 /

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118 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma bhaTTArakoM kA yogadAna : madhyakAlIna bhaTTArakoM ne dharma, sAhitya evaM saMgha yAtrAoM ke kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyA, jisake katipaya udAharaNa isa prakAra haiM / 1400 I0 meM padmanandI ke upadeza se pratimA sthApita kI gii| 1413 I0 meM vilhaNa aura usake putra ne vizAlakIrti ke dvArA kaI mUrtiyA~ sthApita krvaaii| inhIM ke upadeza se asapAla ne 1415 I0 meM pAzvanAtha kI pratimA bnvaaii| isa pratimA kA pratiSThA samAroha inake ziSya nemIcandra dvArA ApA ne krvaayaa| AbU ke digambara jaina mandira kI pratimA ke 1430 I0 ke lekha meM sakalakIrti kA nAmollekha hai|5 inhIM ke upadezoM se 1433 I0 meM AdinAtha caubIsI aura 1435 I0 meM caMpA ne zAntinAtha pratimA bnvaaii| 1443 I0 meM trimUrti kA sthApanA samAroha mUlasaMgha ke bhuvanakIrti ke dvArA karavAyA gayA / 1455 I0 meM sArA ke putra nAhayA ke dvArA inake upadezoM se "dazalakSaNa yantra" kI pratiSThA tathA 1459 I0 meM isI vaMza ke sUrA ke dvArA pratiSThA samAroha karavAyA gyaa| cApA aura usakI patnI gaMgA ne 1471 I0 meM eka yantra kA sthApanA samAroha manAyA / 10 1377 I0 meM mUlasaMgha ke jJAnabhUSaNa ne eka yantra pratiSThita karavAyA, jo udayapura ke jaina mandira meM hai| inhoMne hI 1387 I0 meM mahAvIra pratimA bhI sthApita krvaaii|" 1513 I0 meM vijayakIrti ke upadeza se zreSThI melA ne AdinAtha ke samavazaraNa kI pratiSThA krvaaii|12 1515 I0 se 1556 I0 ke madhya mUlasaMgha ke AcAryoM kI preraNA se vipula sAhitya sRjita huaa| 1538 I0 meM dhannAde aura usakI patnI ne pArzvanAtha kI dhAtu 1. nAjalesa, ka. 1009 / 2. viirvaannii-7| 3. ane0 13, pR0 126 / 4. vhii| 5. jainaprasa, bhUmikA, pR0 10 / 6. jaiirA, pR0 75 / 7. ane0 13, pR0 126 / 8. jayapura ke jaina mandira meM / 9. jaiirA, pR0 76 / 10. jaiirA, pR0 76 / 11. ane0 12, pR0 126 / 12. baidarA, pR0 76 /

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda . 119 pratimA zubhacandra ke upadeza se bnvaaii|' 1551 I0 meM zAntinAtha pratimA tathA 1550 I0 meM jJAna nirvANa samAroha inhIM ke upadezoM se sampanna hue|2 1563 I0 meM sumatikIrti ke upadeza se padmaprabhu kI mUrti sthApita huii| inhoMne hI muni suvrata aura anantanAtha' kI pratimAe~ kramazaH 1562 I0 aura 1570 I0 meM sthApita krvaaii| IDara ke AsA ne apanI patnI aura putrI ke sAtha neminAtha kI pratimA sthApita krvaaii|6 maujIpurA ke zvetAmbara jaina mandira kI zItalanAtha pratimA ke 1597 I0 ke lekha meM mUlasaMgha ke vAdibhUSaNa kA ullekha hai| cittaur3a ke prasiddha jaina kIrti stambha kA pratiSThA samAroha bhaTTAraka dharmacandra ke dvArA sampanna huaa| bijauliyA meM eka prastara stambha ke eka pAzvaM meM bhaTTAraka padmanandI aura dUsarI tarapha zubhacandra kA nAma utkIrNa hai / A~vA meM zubhacandra kI niSedhikAe~ haiN| bhaTTAraka jinacandra ke samaya meM 1450 I0 ke pazcAt vipula sAhitya sRjita huaa| 1460 I0 meM mUlasaMgha ke zrAvaka hararAja ne eka caubIsI pratiSThita krvaaii| 1466 I0 meM eka pratiSThA samAroha bhI sampanna huA / ' pArzvanAtha kI dhAtu pratimA kA sthApanA samAroha 1485 I0 meM zubhacandra ke dvArA sampanna huaa| 1461 I0 meM rAvala zivasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM mandAsA sthAna para jIvarAja pApar3IvAla ne inhIM ke nirdezoM para kaI pratimAoM kA pratiSThA samAroha Ayojita krvaayaa|deg 1514 I0 meM zubhacandra ne eka yaMtra kI pratiSThA krvaaii|11 AMvA meM jinacandra kI niSedhikA upalabdha hai| 1518 I0 meM prabhAcaMdra kI preraNA se bAI pArvatI ne "yazodhara caritra" ko prati likhavAkara unako bheMTa meM dI / 12 unhoMne kaI pratimAoM aura yantroM kI pratiSThA 1515 I0 meM krvaaii| prabhAcandra ke upadeza se 1516 I0 meM "cAraNa yantra"13 aura isI 1. jaiirA, pR0 76 / 2. vhii| 3. vahI, pR077| 4. nAjailesa, kra. 1636 / 5. vahI, kra0 631 / 6. ane0 13, pR0 126 / 7. proriAsavesa, 1904-5, pR0 57 / 8. jaiirA, pR0 78 / 9. vahI, anya lekha / 10. vahI, anya lekh| 11. vahI, anya lekha / 12. prasa, pR0 163 / 13. baiharA, pR071|

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120 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 39 varSa " samyaka caritra yantra " " kI pratiSThA bhI huI / inakI niSedhikA A~vA meM hai / 1518 I0 ke pazcAt dharmacandra ke kAla meM kaI granthoM ko pratilipiyA~ taiyAra kI gaI / 1532 I0 meM mUlasaMgha ke zrAvaka tAlU aura vAlamItA ke dvArA " samyak darzana yantra" aura " SoDaSakAraNa yantra' kA pratiSThA samAroha karavAyA gayA / 1536 I0 meM sAha pAsA aura hemA ne "arahama-yantra sthApita karavAyA / bhaTTAraka dharmacandra lalitakIrti aura candrakIti ke kAla meM anekoM granthoM kI pratilipiyA~ mUlasaMgha ke zrAvakoM ne taiyAra karavAI | candrakIrti ne 1584 I0 meM sAhamokA", sAhakAlU, sAhacelA' aura sAharatnA' ko upadezoM se prerita kara kramazaH " samyak darzana yantra", " RNakAra yantra', 'karakaMDu pArzvanAtha yantra", aura " dazalakSaNa yantra " kI pratiSThA karavAI / yahI nahIM, 1591 I0 meM thAnasiMha ne pAvApurI meM " SoDaSakAraNa yantra" kI pratiSThA candrakIrti ke upadeza se karavAI / 1591 I0 meM hI cokhA ne apane kuTumba ke sAtha "samyak caritra yantra" aura " samyak jJAna yantra" sthApita karavAyA / 10 ( kha - 2 ) navIna saMpradAya va paMtha : 1. tAraNa paMtha yA samaiyA paMtha - digaMbara saMpradAya meM yaha eka amUrtipUjaka varga hai / lokAzAha kI taraha inhoMne bhI mUrti pUjA kI bhartsanA kI / yaha paMtha tAraNa svAmI ke dvArA prArambha kiyA gayA / tAraNa svAmI kA janma 1448 I0 aura mRtyu 1515 I0 meM huI / tAraNapaMthI kevala apane 14 zAstroM kI pUjA karate haiM, ataH yaha paMtha sikha anuyAyiyoM jaisA pratIta hotA hai / ye 14 zAstra tAraNa svAmI ne svayaM likhe the / isa paMtha ke anuyAyI eka sarasvatI mandira nirmita karavA kara usameM pratimA ke sthAna para zAstroM ko sthApita karate haiM / inakA jAti bheda meM bhI vizvAsa nahIM hai tathA zUdroM aura musalamAnoM ko bhI isa paMtha meM praveza kI anumati thI / tAraNa svAmI kA svayaM eka 1. jaiirA, anya lekha / 2. vahI, pR0 80 / 3. vahI, pR0 80 / 4. vahI, anya lekha / 5. vahI, pR0 81 / 6. vahI, pR0 81 / 7. vahI, anya lekha / 8. vahI, anya lekha / 9. vahI, anya lekha / 10. vahI, anya lekha / ,

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 121 musalamAna ziSya thA / bAhya sajjA aura dikhAvaTa ke sthAna para ye Atmika unnayana ko mahattva dete haiM / musalamAnoM ke vidhvaMsa se trasta hokara pratikriyA svarUpa yaha paMtha utpanna huA / rAjasthAna meM isakA bahuta kama pracAra rahA / 2. bosapaMthI varga-isa paMtha ke astitva meM Ane kA ullekha 13vIM zatAbdI meM milatA hai| kintu yaha mata satya pratIta nahIM hotaa| sambhavataH isa mata ko utpatti tAraNa paMtha ke pracAra-prasAra ke samaya bhaTTArakoM kA virodha hote samaya, bhaTTAraka samarthaka logoM ne kI hogI / glAsanepa kA abhimata hai ki basanta kIrti ne, eka vastra se muniyoM ke caryArtha jAte samaya AcchAdana kA jo prAvadhAna sthApita kiyA thA, usako mAnane vAle "vizvapaMthI' yA 'bosapaMthI" kahalAne lge| yaha paMtha bhaTTArakoM ke netRtva meM rahatA hai| ye bhairava Adi kSetrapAloM sahita tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ sthApita karavAte haiN| ye pratimAoM kA pUjana phala, phUla, jala, dIpa, caMdana Adi se karate haiM / buhalara kA mata hai ki isa paMtha ke bhaTTAraka bhojana karate samaya pUrNataH nagna rahate haiM aura usa samaya unakA eka ziSya ghaMTI bajAtA rahatA hai, tAki sAmAnya jana vahA~ se dUra raheM / isa paMtha ke anuyAyI mukhyataH jayapura, ajamera, nAgaura aura mAroTha meM pAye jAte haiM / 3. vidhi mArga--bIsapaMthI bhaTTArakoM ke AcaraNa kI pratikriyA svarUpa eka nayA varga-vidhi mArga astitva meM AyA / kucha vidvAn ise terApaMtha kI saMjJA se abhihita karate haiM, jo ucita pratIta nahIM hotaa| vastutaH terApaMtha 17vIM zatAbdI meM astitva meM aayaa| isase pUrva yaha suvihita vidhi mArga hI, 1528 I0 se pracalana meM rahA / isa paMtha kA uddezya AdhyAtmika unnayana tathA bIsapaMthI bhaTTArakoM kI gatividhiyoM kA virodha karanA thaa| ye mUrti pUjaka haiM, kintu tIrthaGkara mUrtiyoM ke alAvA kSetrapAla kI mUrti sthApita nahIM karate / (3) uttara madhyakAla : (ka) zvetAmbara sampradAya meM bheda-prabheda : (ka-1) pravartamAna gaccha : 1. kaDuAmati gaccha-yaha gaccha kaDuAzAha dvArA 15vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM sthApita kiyA gayA thaa| isa gaccha kA ullekha sirohI rAjya meM tharAda ke jaina mandiroM meM 1604 I0, 1626 I0, 1651 I0 aura 1728 I0 ke mUrti lekhoM meM 1. jaiseskU, pR0 137 / 2. ie, 7, pR0 28 // 3. jaiseskU, pR0 137 /

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122 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma milatA hai|' 1626 I0 ke osiyA abhilekha meM bhI isakA nAma hai / 2. vRhattapAgaccha-isa gaccha kA ullekha 1608 I0 meM sirohI rAjya meM luANA, 1700 I0 meM tharAda, 1776 I0 meM jetar3A aura 1780 I0 ke bhIlar3iyA tIrtha kI pratimAoM ke lekhoM meM hai| 3. aMcala gaccha--aMcala gaccha kA nAmollekha 1606 I0 ke 3 mUrti lekhoM meM upalabdha huA hai, jo savAI mAdhopura, jayapura aura ajamera nagaroM meM prApta huA hai| 4. kharatara gaccha--rAjasthAna ke sarvAdhika lokapriya, isa gaccha kA ullekha 1603 I0 se 1612 I0 taka ke 3 mUrti lekhoM meM bhI dRSTigata hotA hai / 5. dharmaghoSa gaccha--isa gaccha kA ullekha uttaravartI kAla meM mAlapurA meM muni suvrata pratimA para 1634 I0 ke mUrti lekha meM hai| 6. nAgorI tapAgaccha--hiNDona meM zreyAMsanAtha mandira meM mUlanAyaka pratimA ke 1610 I0 ke lekha meM isa gaccha ke candrakIti sUri kA ullekha hai|' 7. vijaya gaccha- loMkA gaccha se pRthak hokara vijaya muni ne bojA mata sthApita kiyA / unhIM ke nAma para vijaya gaccha prasiddha huaa| inhoMne kAlAntara meM mUrti pUjA punaH svIkAra kara lI thii| isa gaccha ke AcAryoM dvArA pratiSThita 3 mUrtiyA~ 1610 I0 kI tathA eka 1627 I0 kI vajIrapura, bAmaNavAsa, hiNDona Adi kSetroM meM milatI haiN| isake atirikta sirohI rAjya ke bhAraja se prApta 1642 I0 ke lekha aura bAlotarA se 1661 I0 ke mUrti lekha meM bhI isakA ullekha hai / 10 / / 8. vegar3a zAkhA--kharatara gaccha kI 1365 I0 meM dharma ballabha gaNI dvArA sthApita 1. zrI jaipralesa, kra0 265, 109, 108, 223 evaM pralesa, kra0 1163, 1164 // 2. jaiirA, pR0 62 / 3. zrI jaipralesa, kra. 366, 41, 370, 371, 336, 337 / 4. pralesa, kra0 1082, 1100-1102 / 5. pralesa, kra0 1150-1155, 1161, 1196 / 6. vahI, kra0 1187 / 7. vahI, kra0 1092 / 8. vahI, kra0 1089-1091, 1168 / 9. nAjalesa, kra0 738 / 10. vhii|

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jainadhamaM bheda aura upabheda : 123: isa zAkhA kA ullekha 17vIM - 18vIM zatAbdI meM jaisalamera kSetra meM dekhane ko milatA hai / 9. brahmANa gaccha-- rAjasthAna meM isa gaccha ke ullekha ke 1606 I0 taka ke abhilekha prApta hue haiM / 10. rudrapallIya gaccha - - kharatara gaccha kI isa zAkhA kA ullekha 17vIM zatAbdI abhilekhoM se bhI prApta hotA hai / a 11. caitra gaccha--- isake nAmollekha ke abhilekha 17vIM zatAbdI ke bhI prApta hote haiM / bAda meM isa gaccha kI 2 zAkhAe~ zArdUla zAkhA aura rAja gaccha anvaya ho gaIM / " 12. pAlikIya gaccha - - pAlI se utpanna isa gaccha kA ullekha 1686 I0 ke abhilekha meM bhI hai / 6 13. vivandanika gaccha - - isakA nAma dvivandanika bhI milatA hai / 17vIM va 18vIM zatAbdI ke abhilekhoM meM bhI isakA ullekha hai / 14. laghuposAla gaccha----- devendra sUri dvArA pravartita isa gaccha kA nAmollekha 1758 I0 ke abhilekha meM hai / " 15. kharatara pippala gaccha-- kharatara gaccha kI isa zAkhA kA ullekha 1797 I0 ke eka abhilekha se prApta hotA hai / " 16. AcArya gaccha-- 1866 I0 ke jaisalamera se prApta lekha meM isakA varNana hai / 1degyaha bhI kharatara gaccha kI eka zAkhA thI / (ka-2) navIna sampradAya va paMtha : sthAnaka vAsI paMtha -- loMkA paMtha kI sthApanA ke 8 pATa taka muniyoM kA zuddhAcaraNa. calatA rahA / ye muni krameNa bhANA, bhIdA, nUNA, bhImA, jagamAla, rikha sakhojI, . rUpajI aura jIvAjI rahe / 17vIM zatAbdI ke anta meM AcaraNa zaithilya prArambha ho 1. nAjailesa, bhAga 3 | 2. vahI, bhAga 2, kra0 2097 / 3. vahI, kra0 2029 / 4. e 22, pR0 291 / 5. jaiseskU, pR0 62 / 6. nAjailesa, bhAga 1, kra0 825 / 7. vahI, bhAga 2, kra0 1658 / 8. jaiseskU, pR0 67 / 9. nAjailesa, bhAga 2, kra0 1828 / 10. vahI, bhAga 3, kra0 2445 /

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124 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma gayA aura caityavAsa jaisI burAiyA~ praviSTa hone lagIM / sUrata nivAsI lavajI jo mUlataH lokA gaccha ke anuyAyI the, ne jaina mata meM muni dIkSA grahaNa kii| zAstroM ke pratikUla AcaraNa ko dekhakara, unhoMne apane guru se virodha prakaTa kiyaa| antataH zAstrokta saMyama pAlana kI pratijJA lekara ve apane do sAthiyoM thobhaNa va sakhiyA ke sAtha loMkA gaccha se pRthak ho gaye / eka DhUMDhe meM Thaharane ke kAraNa loga inheM 'daMDhiyA" kahane lge| ye TUDhiyA sAdhu hI sthAnaka meM vAsa karane ke kAraNa sthAnakavAsI kahalAne lge| ___isa paMtha ke muniyoM ne svayaM ke jIvana meM kaThora saMyama pAlana kA Adarza prastuta kara vyavahArika zikSA dI, jisase yaha bahuta lokapriya huA / loMkA gaccha ke bahuta se anuyAyI sthAnakavAsI ho gye| lavajI ne yaha amUrtipUjana paMtha 1657 I0 meM sthApita kiyA / isa paTTa kI AcArya paramparA meM dharmadAsa ne svayaM hI dIkSA grahaNa kii| inake 99 ziSya kAlAntara meM 22 zAkhAoM ( ToloM ) meM vibhakta ho gye| ataH yaha paMtha "bAIsA -sampradAya" yA "bAIsa TolA" bhI kahalAne lgaa| ye Tole isa prakAra the lAlacanda TolA, dhanAjI TolA, manAjI TolA, prIthAjI TolA, bAlacanda TolA, lohoDA pIthAjI TolA, rAmacanda TolA, mUlacanda TolA, tArAcanda TolA, khemajI TolA, paMdArathajI TolA, khemAjI TolA, talokajI TolA, padArathajI TolA, bhANdAsa TolA, parasarAma TolA, bhavAnIdAsa TolA, mukuTa rAma TolA, manohara TolA, sAmIdAsa TolA, sAgajI TolA aura samaratha TolA / kAlAntara meM sthAnakavAsiyoM va ToloM se bhI kaI zAkhAe~ pRthak hotI gaI / jaise 'dhanAjI Tole meM raghunAtha sampradAya, jayamala, sampradAya, ratanacandra sampradAya, cauthamala sampradAya alaga-alaga hye| isI prakAra anya Tole bhI kaI zAkhAoM meM vibhakta ho gaye / rAjasthAna meM sthAnakavAsI sampradAya 17vIM va 18vIM zatAbdI meM atyadhika loka'priya huA aura aneka sthAnoM para sthAnaka va upAzraya nirmita hue / 2. terApaMthI samudAya-sthAnakavAsI sampradAya se hI yaha terApaMtha alaga huA / AcArya dharmadAsa ke 22 ziSyoM meM se eka dhannojI the| inakI gAdI ke tRtIya uttarAdhikArI AcArya raghunAtha hue| isa paMtha ke saMsthApaka bhIkhaNa ne raghunAtha se hI dIkSA prApta kii| paMtha ke katipaya siddhAntoM ke sambandha meM guru ziSya meM matabheda paidA huA, jo antatogatvA 1760 I0 meM ASAr3ha kI pUrNimA ke dina eka naye paMtha ke rUpa meM astitva meM aayaa| prArambha meM isa paMtha meM 13 muni aura 13 vyakti the, ataH yaha terApaMtha khlaayaa| AcArya bhIkhaNa ne terApaMtha kA abhiprAya, "Izvara yaha terA hI mArga hai" aisA 1. paprasa, pR0 146 / 22. vahI, pR0 311 /

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jainadharmaM bheda aura upabheda : 125 / batAyA / zAstroM ke AlocanAtmaka adhyayana ke pazcAt inhoMne niSkarSa nikAlA ki jaina sAdhu zAstrokta niyamoM ke anusAra jIvana vyatIta nahIM karate the / bhIkhaNa jI ne sthAnakoM ke alAvA anya sthAnoM para bhI ThaharanA prArambha kara diyA / eka bAra kucha sAdhu aura unake anuyAyI, jo saMkhyA meM kula 13 the, eka dUkAna meM Thahare hue the / ise dekhakara sevaga jAti ke eka kavi ne inakA upahAsa karate hue eka dohA racA Apa Aparo gelo karaI, o terApaMthI maMta | suNa jo re zahara rA logoM, o terApaMthI maMta // kintu bhIkhaNa ne isakI samucita vyAkhyA dI aura kahA ki teraha ke antargata 5 pratijJAyeM ( mahAvrata ), 5 AcaraNa ke niyama ( samiti ) aura 3 guptiyA~ sammilita haiM / terahapaMthI mUrtipUjaka nahIM haiM / unake anusAra mUrti pUjA se mokSa prApta nahIM hotA / ve dhyAna para jora dete haiM / karma bandhana se mukta ho cukI AtmAoM kA mAnasika pUjana karate haiM / inakA vizvAsa una jIvita prANiyoM kI pUjA va sammAna meM hai, jinhoMne saMsAra ko tyAga kara paMcamahAvrata kA pAlana karate hue kaThora tyAgapUrNa jIvana vyatIta karane kA nizcaya kiyA hai / sabhI sAdhu-sAdhvI AcArya ke AdezoM kA pAlana karate haiM / inake gaNaveza sthAnakavAsI sAdhuoM kI taraha hI hai, kevala mu~hapattI kI lambAI meM antara hai / isa paMtha kI lokapriyatA rAjasthAna meM bahuta rahI tathA bIkAnera, saradAra zahara, jodhapura, mevAr3a Adi kSetroM meM yaha vizeSa rUpa se lokapriya rahA / terApaMtha kA abhyudaya 18vIM zatAbdI taka huye, zvetAmbara sampradAya ke bheda-upabheda meM antima bheda mAnA jA sakatA hai | (kha) digambara sampradAya meM bheda-prabheda : ( kha - 1 ) pravartamAna saMgha : 1. kASThA saMgha :-- - 17vIM va 18vIM zatAbdI meM yaha saMgha rAjasthAna meM adhika pracalana meM nahIM thA / ina zatAbdiyoM ke isa saMgha ke ullekha ke bahuta kama lekha prApta hote haiM | Adizvara mandira gAgaraDU meM sthita ananta yantra ke 1608 I0 ke lekha meM kASThA saMgha ke bhaTTAraka vizvasena ke ziSya vidyAbhUSaNa va unake paTTadhara zrI bhUSaNa dvArA sAgavAr3A meM pratiSThA kA ullekha hai / 1697 I0 meM surendrakIrti ke upadeza se eka choTA mandira banavAne kA ullekha bhI prApta hotA hai| kesariyA jI ke mandira meM isa saMgha ke ullekha ke 1647 I0, 1677 I0, 1691 I0, 1696 I0, 1699 I0, 1706 I0, 1707 I0, 1708 I0, 1711 I0 aura 1792 I0 ke 1. pralesa, kra0 1084 / 2. ojhA, udayapura rAjya, pR0 41 / 1703 I0, zilAlekha evaM

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126 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma - mUrtilekha haiM, jinameM isa saMgha ke kaI bhaTTArakoM kA varNana hai / isa mandira ke 1629 I0 "ke lekha meM kASThA saMghIya koDiyA bhImA ke putra jasavanta ke dvArA jina mandira para kalaza aura dhvajAdaNDa car3hAne kA ullekha hai / 1709 I0 ke zilAlekha meM kASThA saMgha, naMdItaTa gaccha, vidyAgaNa, rAmasenAnvaya ke bhaTTAraka rAjakIrti ke ziSya sumatikIrti ke paTTadhara pratApakIrti kA ullekha hai / isI prakAra 1696 I0 ke lekha meM kASThA saMgha, lAr3a bAgar3a gaccha, lohAcAryAnvaya ke pratApakIrti tathA kASThA saMgha naMdItaTa gaccha vidyAgaNa rAmasenAnvaya ke bhaTTAraka bhImasena, candrakIrti, rAjakIrti, lakSmIsena, indrabhUSaNa, kamala madhukara aura - surendrakIrti kA ullekha hai / ' kASThA saMgha ke mAthura gaccha ke uttara madhyakAlIna AcArya : 2 sahastrakIrti 1606 I0, mahIcandra 1682 I0, devendra kIrti 1713 I0, jagatkIrti - 1785 I0 / * kASThA saMgha ke naMdItaTa gaccha ke uttara madhyakAlIna AcArya : 1. ratnabhUSaNa ( 1617 I0 ) va candrakIrti ( 1597 I0 - 1624 I0 ) 2. jayakIrti (1629 I0) va rAjakIrti, 3. kezavasena va lakSmIsena ( 1639 I0 - 1646 I0 ) 4. vizvakIrti ( 1639 I0 - 1643 I0 ) va indrabhUSaNa ( 1658 I0 - 1679 I0 ), 5. surendrakIrti ( 1687 I0 - 1716 I0 ) 6. lakSmIsena va vijayakIrti ( 1755 I0 ) 7. sakalakIti ( 1759 I0 ) 8. devendra kIrti ( 1824 I0 ) / 2 mUlasaMgha: - 17vIM va 18vIM zatAbdI meM digambara sampradAya meM yahI sarvAdhika lokapriya saMgha rhaa| isakI vibhinna zAkhAoM ke kaI AcAryoM ne maMdira nirmANa, pratimA nirmANa va yantra pratiSThAe~ karavAI tathA anekoM hastalikhita granthoM kI 'pratilipiyA~ taiyAra karavA kara zAstra bhaNDAroM ko samRddha kiyA / IDara zAkhA ke uttara madhyakAlIna bhaTTAraka : 1. rAmakIrti 1600 I0 - 1615 I0 2. padmanandI 1626 I0 - 1645 I0 3. devendrakIrti 1656 I0-1668 I0 4. kSemakIrti 1677 I0 5. narendrakIrti 1705 I0 6. vijayakIrti 7 nemIcandra 8 candrakIrti 1755 I0 9. rAmakIrti 10. yazakIrti 1806 I0 / 1. bhAdi jaitI, 4, pR0 124 / 2. vahI, pR0 124 / 3. vahI / 4. jaise skU, pR0 105 /

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nAgaura zAkhA ke uttara madhyakAlIna bhaTTAraka 9: 1. yazakIrti 1615 I0 2. bhAnukIrti 1633 I0 3. bhUSaNa 1648 I0 4. dharmacandra 1655 I0 5. devendrakIrti 1670 6. surendra kIrti 1681 I0 7. ratnakIrti 1688 I0 / I0 ajamera paTTa ke uttara madhyakAlIna bhaTTAraka' : 1. ratnakIrti 1. vidyAnanda 1709 I0 3. anantakIrti 1716 I0 5. bhavana bhUSaNa 1740 I0 7. jJAna bhUSaNa 8. candra kIrti 9. padmakIrti 10. padmanandI dillI jayapura zAkhA ke uttara madhyakAlIna bhaTTAraka : 1. jaise skU, pR0 100 // 2. vahI, pR0 101 / 3. vahI, pR0 98 / 4. pralesa, kra0 1027, 1073 / janadharmaM bheda aura upabheda : 127 1. devendrakIrti 1606 I0 2. narendrakIrti 1634 I0 3. surendrakI rti 1665 I0 4. jagatkIrti 1676 I0 5. devendra kIrti dvitIya 1713 I0 6. mahendrakIrti 1733 I0 7. kSemendrakIrti 1758 I0 8. surendrakIrti dvitIya 1765 I0 sukhendra kIrti 1795 I0 / jayapura ke sumatinAtha mandira meM pArzvanAtha kI do pratimAe~ haiM, jina para 1601 ke lekha haiM / pahalI pratimA para kevala mUla saMgha va dUsarI para mUla saMgha ke bhaTTAraka candrakIrti kA ullekha hai / 4 1604 I0 meM haMsa ne apanI patnI va putra ke sAtha SoDaSa- kAraNa yantra kI sthApanA karavAI / " mUla saMgha ke padmanandI dvitIya ke upadeza se ratanA ne pratiSThA samAroha Ayojita karavAyA thA / 1639 I0 meM kSemakIrti ke upadeza se - mUla saMgha ke zrAvakoM ne zAMtinAtha kI pratimA banavAI / 1603 I0 meM sAha jUTA aura sAha juMgA' ne candrakIrti ke dvArA ghAtu pratimA kI pratiSThA aura SoDaSakAraNa yantra kI sthApanA pRthak-pRthak karavAI / 1601 I0 meM ajamera ke bohita ne apane putra aura potoM ke sAtha caubIsI sthApita kI / 1604 I0 meM AsAnAtha ne candrakIrti se RRNakAra 5. jaiirA, pR0 77 / 6. ane, 13, pR0 127 // 7. jaiirA, pR0 81 / 8. vahI, pR0 82 / 9. vahI, pR0 82 / mahendrakI rti 1712 I0 4. 6. vijayakIrti 1745 I0 11. sakala bhUSaNa /

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128 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jenadhamaM yantra kI pratiSThA karavAI / candrakIrti cAtasU meM the / 2 likhita pratiyA~ bheMTa meM do / 3 1649 I0 meM narendrakIrti ne cAtasU ke neminAtha mandira meM eka stambha sthApita karavAyA / 1652 I0 meM nevatA ke saMghI tejaso aura udayakaraNa ne giranAra meM yantra kI pratiSThA narendra kIrti ke mAdhyama se sampanna kI / 1653 I0 meM saMghI zaMbhu aura nAdA ne daza lakSaNa yaMtra kI pratiSThA inase karavAI / 1654 I0 meM jagatasiMha ne hastinApura ke samyaka yaMtra kI sthApanA kI / 1659 I0 meM jagata siMha ne RNakAra yaMtra kA sthApanA samAroha Ayojita karavAyA / " Amera ke mUla saMghI zrAvaka khemasiMha ne hastinApura meM RNakAra yantra kI pratiSThA narendrakIti se sampanna karavAI / " 1672 I0 meM saMghI naraharidAsa aura pUrvAnanda ne sammeda zikhara meM dazalakSaNa yantra kA sthApanA samAroha surendrakIrti kI preraNA se karavAyA / 1675 I0 meM unhoMne hI pararzvanAtha yantra kI pratiSThA kI / " surendrakIrti ke uttarAdhikArI jagatkIrti ne kaI granthoM kI pratilipiyA~ karavAI / 12 1689 I0 meM saMghI sonapAla ne karavara meM inase yantra kI pratiSThA karavAI / 131689 I0 meM hI cAMdakher3I meM saMghI kRSNadAsa dvArA kaI pratimAoM kA pratiSThA samAroha inhIM ke mAdhyama se Ayojita karavAyA gayA / 14 1716 I0 meM dholetA nAmaka sthAna para kucha pratimAoM kA sthApanA samAroha devendrakIti 10 1604 I0 ke stambha lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya devendrakIti ko kaI zrAvakoM ne vibhinna granthoM kI hasta 1. jaiirA / 2. erirAmyUa 1927-28, pR0 11 / 3. prasa, pR0 76, 89, 28, 189-90 / 4. erirAmyUa 1927-28, kra0 12 / 5. jaiirA, pR0 82 / 6. vahI / 7. vahI, pR0 83 // 8. vahI / 9. vahI / 10. vahI / 11 vahI / 12. prasa, pR0 429, 174 // 13. jaiirA, pR0 84 / 14. vahI /

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 129 ke dvArA chIhada aura sagamala nAmaka zrAvakoM ne karavAyA / ' 1726 I0 meM bA~sakhoha nAmaka sthAna para hRdayarAma dvArA pratimAoM kA pratiSThA samAroha inhIM kI preraNA se Ayojita kiyA gayA / devendra kIrti ke pazcAt mahendra kIrti ne sAMgAnera se apanI pITha Amera meM sthApita kii| inake bhaktoM ne 1736 I0 meM "jambU svAmI caritra" aura 1741 I0 meM trilokadarpaNa' ko pratilipiyA~ taiyAra krvaaii| 1769 I0 meM savAI mAdhopura meM surendra kIrti ke upadezoM se saMgho nandalAla dvArA bar3e paimAne para pratimAoM kA pratiSThA samAroha Ayojita huaa| mUla saMgha ke nAgaura paTTa ke bhaTTAraka yazakIrti ke upadeza se 1604 I0 meM revAMsA meM AdinAtha mandira rAyasAla ke pradhAnamantrI devIdAsa ke do putroM, sAha jItamala aura nathamala ne banavAyA thaa| 1615 I0 meM revAMsA ke paMcoM dvArA yazakIrti ko eka siMhAsana bheMTa meM diyA gayA thaa| 1694 I0 meM ajamera paTTa ke ratnakIti ke upadeza se jobanera meM saMghI jesA ke dvArA pratimAoM kA pratiSThA samAroha inhIM ke dvArA karavAyA gyaa| 1737 I0 meM rAmasiMha dvArA AcArya anantakIrti se pratimAoM kA pratiSThA samAroha Ayojita karavAyA gyaa| 1795 I0 meM dharmadAsa ne bhaTTAraka bhuvanakIrti se bar3e paimAne para pratimAoM kA pratiSThA samAroha sampanna krvaayaa|" kesariyAjI tIrtha para mUla saMgha ke bhaTTArakoM kI gAdI rahI hai| isa mandira meM mUla saMgha ke AcAryoM ne anekoM mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA krvaaii| yaha tathya 1654 I0, 1685 I0, 1689 I0, 1710 I0, 1711 I0, 1712 iM0, 1716 I0 aura 1806 I0 kI mUrtiyoM ke lekhoM se jJAta hotA hai / 12 1. jaiirA, jayapura caudharI mandira kA lekha / 2. vahI, pR0 84 / 3. prasa, pR0 48 evaM 56 / 4. vahI, pR0 214 / 5. vahI, pR0 219 / 6. jaiirA, pR0 84 / 7. erirAmyUa, 1934-35 / 8. jaiirA, pR0 85 / 9. vahI, pR0 48 / 10. vahI, pR0 43 / 11. vahI, pR0 86 / 12. bhAdijaitI, pR0 124 /

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130 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma (kha-2) navIna sampradAya va paMtha : 1. terApaMtha---madhyakAla meM vidhi mArga nAma se pracalita paMtha hI sambhavataH kAlAMtara meM terApaMtha ke nAma se jAnA jAne lgaa| yaha paMtha sAMgAnera ke nivAsI paM0 amaracanda bar3ajAtyA ke dvArA 17vIM zatAbdI meM sthApita kiyA gayA hai, jo rAjasthAna meM tejI se lokapriya huaa| terApaMthiyoM ne bhaTTArakoM ke atyadhika saMskAroM aura karmakAMDoM ke prati virodha prakaTa kiyaa| banArasIdAsa, jo AgarA ke apratima vidvAn aura samAja sudhAraka the, ne isa paMtha ko pracArita karane meM bahuta sahayoga diyaa| yahA~ taka ki yaha banArasI mata bhI kahA jAne lagA / terApaMtha ko vyAkhyA yaha kahakara kI jAtI hai ki yaha paMtha AtmAnuzAsana aura caritra nirmANa ke 13 binduoM para jora detA hai| jabaki anya logoM ne yaha mata vyakta kiyA hai ki yaha nAma virodhiyoM ne upahAsa ke rUpa meM diyA thaa| terApaMthiyoM ko bhaTTAraka varga nIcI dRSTi se dekhatA hai, ThIka vaise hI jaise ki zvetAmbara terApaMthiyoM ko yati va zrIpUjya varga heya mAnatA hai| bakhtArAma ne "buddhivilAsa" meM likhA hai ki isa paMtha ke, mUla dhArmika mata se 13 binduoM para vicAra pArthakya rakhane se isakA nAma terApantha huaa| terApaMthI, bhaTTArakoM ke zAsana aura uccasthiti ko asvIkAra karate haiM / digambara terApaMthI mUrti pUjaka varga hai| ye mUrti pUjA meM puSpa, phala, caMdana, prakSAla Adi kA prayoga nahIM karate, kyoMki inameM hiMsA nihita hai| ye mUrti pUjA cAvala, lauMga, bAdAma, khoparA Adi zuSka mevoM se karate haiN| nAthUrAma premI ke anusAra zvetAmbara terApaMtha ke sAtha hI digambara terApaMtha kA udaya huaa| jisa prakAra sthAnakavAsiyoM se zvetAmbara terApaMthI udita hue, usI prakAra bhaTTArakoM se digambara terApaMtha udita huA / digambara aura zvetAmbara terApaMtha eka dUsare se pUrNatayA bhinna haiM / digambara paMtha mUrtipUjaka hai / isI prakAra digambara terApaMtha nagnatA kA pakSadhara hai, jabaki zvetAmbara terApaMtha nahIM / 2 2. gumAnapaMthI varga-yaha paMtha jayapura nivAsI paMDita ToDaramala ke putra gumAnI rAma ke dvArA pravartita kiyA gyaa| isa paMtha ke anusAra jaina mandiroM meM diyA-battI karanA pUrNataH niSiddha hai, kyoMki yaha kRtya jainadharma ke ahiMsA ke mUlabhUta siddhAnta ke viparIta hai / isa mata ke anuyAyI kevala mandira jAte haiM aura mUrtiyoM ko dekhate haiM, koI bheTa nahIM car3hAyI jAtI / yaha paMtha lagabhaga 1761 I0 meM astitva meM AyA aura isa zatAbdI meM hI khUba pracArita huA / yaha zuddha AmnAya ke nAma se bhI prasiddha huA, kyoMki isake anuyAyI AtmAnuzAsana, AcaraNa kI pavitratA aura niyamoM para atyadhika jora dete haiN| 1. jaisAoi, pR0 367 / 2. vahI

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 131 yaha paMtha rAjasthAna ke kaI bhAgoM vizeSataH jayapura, mAroTha, bhAdavA Adi kSetroM meM phailA / 3. totApaMthI varga-bIsa paMtha aura terApaMtha ke saMgharSa ke pariNAmasvarUpa isa paMtha kA udaya huaa| bIsa paMtha aura terApaMtha meM samajhaute ke kaI prayAsa kiye gaye, jisase yaha madhya mArga arthAt sAr3he solaha paMtha yA totApaMtha paidA huaa| isa paMtha ke anuyAyI bIsa paMtha aura terApaMtha donoM ke thor3e-thor3e siddhAnta mAnate haiM / yaha varga kevala nAgaura taka hI somita rhaa| niSkarSa evaM samAlocanA : 1. zvetAmbara sampradAya ke pUrvokta gaccha bhedoM ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki ye mUlataH nimna kAraNoM se astitva meM Aye : (ka) prAntoM yA kSetroM ke nAma para, jaise-gujarAto loMkA Adi / (kha) sthAnoM ke nAmoM ke AdhAra para, jaise-madAra se madAhaDa gaccha, nANA se nANAvAla gaccha, kAcholI se kAcholI gaccha, bhInamAla se bhInamAla gaccha, pAlI se pallI gaccha Adi / (ga) jAtiyoM ke AdhAra para, jaise-osavAla gaccha, pallIvAla gaccha, hu~baDa gaccha Adi / (gha) saMsthApaka AcAryoM ke nAma para, jaise-devAcArya gaccha, dharmaghoSa gaccha, dhanezvara gaccha, loMkA gaccha Adi / (Ga) viziSTa ghaTanA yA saMyoga se udbhUta, jaise-vaDa gaccha, tapA gaccha, kharatara gaccha Adi / (ca) viziSTa dhArmika saMskAroM ke AdhAra para, jaise-aMcala gaccha, vidhi pakSa, Agamika gaccha Adi / - 2. gacchoM kA nirmANa va sAmpradAyika vibheda kI prakriyA pUrva madhyakAla meM prArambha huI, jo nirantara vRddhizIla rhii| isa kAla meM gacchollekha ke abhilekhIya pramANa kama upalabdha hote haiM, ataH yaha gacchoM kA utpatti kAla rhaa| 3. madhyakAla meM 13vIM se 16vIM zatAbdI taka gacchoM ke vipula abhilekhIya pramANa upalabdha hote haiM, jisase siddha hotA hai ki inake anuyAyI adhika saMkhyA meM the tathA ye lokapriya bhI the / gacchoM kI adhika saMkhyA yaha iGgita karatI hai ki rAjasthAna meM jaina matAvalambo adhika saMkhyA meM the, tabhI itane gacchabheda poSita hote rahe aura jIvita raha sake / yaha gacchotkarSa kAla rahA / 4. madhyakAla meM utpanna loMkA gaccha atyadhika lokapriyatA ke kAraNa pRthaka paMtha hI bana gayA jabaki isI se pRthaka huA "bIjA mata" vijaya gaccha ke rUpa meM sImita ho gyaa| muslima vidhvaMsa va dharmAntaraNa ke kAraNa zatAbdiyoM se calI A rahI mUrtipUjA

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132 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma kI paramparA kA virodha huA aura amUrti pUjaka sampradAya astitva meM Aye, jinheM ke0 sI0 jaina ne "proTesTenTa" samudAya ko saMjJA se abhihita kiyA hai|' 5. uttara madhyakAla meM sthAnakavAsI mata va terApaMthI mata astitva meM Akara rAjasthAna meM atyadhika prabhAvazAlI rahe, kyoMki isa kAla meM mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA meM kamI A gaI tathA madhyakAla meM astitvamAna gacchoM kA ullekha bhI lekhoM meM milanA kama ho gyaa| isa kAla ko gacchoM kA hrAsa kAla va navodita paMthoM kA prasAra kAla mAnA jA sakatA hai| 6. gaNoM ke sthAna para gacchoM kA prAdhAnya rahA va gaNa zabda luptaprAya ho gyaa| 7. gacchoM kI utpatti ke kAraNoM para prakAza DAlane vAle abhilekhIya va sAhityika sAkSya bahuta kama haiN| 8. vibhinna gacchoM meM saiddhAntika, zAstrIya yA dArzanika AdhAroM para bheda karanA kaThina hai, jabaki sampradAya yA paMthoM ke sandarbha meM yaha sambhava hai| 9. adhikAMza gaccha rAjasthAna va uttarI gujarAta meM utpanna hue| 10. vividha gacchoM ke AcAryoM ne jaina sAhitya aura saMskRti-prasAra ke kSetra meM viziSTa yogadAna diyA / sambhavataH vividha gacchoM meM paraspara pratispardhA hone se bhI etadartha jAgarUkatA rhii| 11. madhyakAlIna sAhitya evaM abhilekhoM meM ullikhita yApanIya saMgha kA rAjasthAna meM ullekha prApta nahIM hotaa| 12. pUrva madhyakAla meM digambara sampradAya meM mAthura saMgha, devasena saMgha va mUla saMgha kA hI astitva dekhane ko milatA hai| yadyapi ye pahale se hI astitva meM the, kintu rAjasthAna meM inakA pracalana 11vIM zatAbdI se huaa| ataH isa kAla ko saMghoM kA udayakAla yA paricaya kAla mAnA jA sakatA hai| 13. madhyakAla meM anekoM saMgha bhedoM meM se rAjasthAna meM kevala mUla saMgha va kASThA saMgha hI astitva meM the| mAthura saMgha kI lokapriyatA uttarottara kSINa huI aura yaha kASThA saMgha kA eka gaccha banakara raha gayA / kASThA saMgha bhI vAgar3a pradeza aura kesariyA jI meM gAdI hone ke kAraNa astitva meM rahA / mUla saMgha dakSiNI, pUrvI va madhya rAjasthAna meM hI pracalana meM rahA / arAvalI ke pazcima meM, isa utkarSa kAla meM bhI isakA astitva sthApita nahIM huaa| 14. sAmAnya matabhedoM ke atirikta muslima AkramaNa bhI vibhinna saMghoM kI gAdiyoM ke sthAnAntaraNa ke liye uttaradAyI thaa| 15. madhyakAla meM muslima AkramaNoM, vidhvaMsa evaM balapUrvaka dharma pracAra kI pratikriyA svarUpa digambara sampradAya meM bhI tAraNapaMtha Adi astitva meM Aye / 1. jaiirA, pR0 90 /

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 133 16. madhyakAla meM bhaTTArakoM, AcAryoM va paMDitoM ne mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA kA nirvAha kiyaa| isa kAla meM arAjakatA, hiMsAtmaka vAtAvaraNa, lUTapATa va vidhvaMsa ke bAvajUda bhI dharma pracAra jArI rhaa| inameM se kucha, sakalakIrti aura zubhacandra Adi udbhaTa vidvAn the / inakA sabase amUlya yogadAna pAMDulipiyoM ko surakSita bacAye rakhane aura etadartha granthoM kI kaI-kaI pratiyAM taiyAra karavAne kI dRSTi se rahA / 17. bhaTTArakoM ke maTha sAMskRtika kendra the, jahA~ saMgIta, citrakalA, mUrtikalA, nRtya Adi zAstrIya kalAoM ko saMrakSaNa prApta thA / 18. uttara madhyakAla meM terApaMtha, gumAnapaMtha, totApaMtha Adi ke udaya se bhaTTAraka paramparA ko kSati huI aura saMghoM kA varcasva kucha kama ho gyaa| 19. zvetAmbara sampradAya kI bhA~ti rAjasthAna meM digambara sampradAya meM adhika bheda dekhane ko nahIM milate / isase siddha hotA hai ki rAjasthAna meM zvetAmbara matAnuyAyI adhika the / digambara sampradAya kA pracalana yahA~ prArambha se hI kama rahA pratIta hotA hai kyoMki sabhI saMgha bheda yahA~ kabhI astitva meM nahIM rhe| zvetAmbara sampradAya meM caityavAsiyoM ke viruddha jo vidroha 11vIM va 12vIM zatAbdI meM prArambha ho gayA thA, vaha bhaTTArakoM ke viruddha 16vIM va 17vIM zatAbdI meM parAkASThA para dekhane ko milatA hai / 20. zvetAmbara AcAryoM kI tulanA meM digambara AcAryoM meM vyaktigata mahatvAkAMkSA aura varcasva kAyama rakhane kI bhAvanA kama dikhAI detI hai, kyoMki digambara sampradAya meM vyaktigata nAmoM para AdhArita bheda-prabheda bahuta kama astitva meM Aye, jabaki zvetAmbara gacchoM meM inakI bharamAra hai| (sa) jaina jAtiyA~ evaM gotra : uttarI bhArata meM jaina matAnuyAyiyoM meM pAI jAne vAlI adhikAMza jAtiyoM kA utpatti sthAna rAjasthAna hai / inameM se bhI adhikAMza kA utpatti sthAna, tarIkA aura kAla, rahasya ke AvaraNa meM chupA huA hai evaM inakI prAcInatA ko siddha karane vAlI mAtra anuzrutiyA~ hI haiM / vastutaH jAtiyoM evaM gotroM kA nAmollekha 7vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kahIM dekhane ko bhI nahIM milatA hai| pRSThabhUmi : aitihAsika dRSTikoNa se ye jAtiyAM 8vIM se 13vIM zatAbdI ke madhya astitva meM AI hoMgI, kyoMki yaha kAla hI rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma kA svarNayuga thaa| isa kAla meM kaI prabhAvazAlI jainAcArya hue, jinhoMne asaMkhya rAjapUtoM, brAhmaNoM aura vaizyoM ko jaina mata meM dharmAntarita kiyaa| yaha yuga rAjasthAna meM pracura sampannatA kA thaa| osiyAM, maMDora, khaMDelA, kirADU, bhInamAla, jAlaura, Ahar3a, cittaur3a, basantagar3ha, dohada, candrAvatI, bayAnA, nagara, zeragar3ha, aTarU, sAMbhara, cAtasU, lADanU, nAgaura, DIDavAnA, meDatA

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134 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma Adi zrI sampanna evaM vyApArika mahatva ke nagara the / haribhadra sUri ko "samarAiccakahA " (8vIM zatAbdI) aura udyotana sUri kI " kuvalayamAlA" (778 I0) meM isa kAla kI vyApArika samRddhi kA acchA varNana hai / jaina rAjanItijJoM jaise - vimala, vastupAla Adi ne bhI jaina mata kA pracAra, prasAra kiyA / vyApAriyoM evaM zreSThI varga ne Arthika sahayoga dekara mandira, mUrtiyA~ Adi nirmita karavAI aura jaina dharma kI prabhAvanA evaM prasAra meM jainAcAryoM ko sahayoga diyA / bhinna-bhinna kAlakhaMDoM meM jaina mata meM dIkSita hokara Aye janasamUha, vibhinna AdhAroM para jAtiyoM evaM gotroM kA sRjana karate rahe / pUrva madhyakAla meM jAtiyoM ke utpanna hone ke liye bahuta upayukta vAtAvaraNa bhI thA / jaina mata ke AcArya svayaM vyaktigata AkAMkSAoM evaM choTI-choTI bAtoM ke AdhAra para alagAva ke zikAra ho rahe the / naye-naye gaNa-gaccha paidA ho rahe the / ataH svAbhAvika hai ki zrAvaka samUha para isakA prabhAva rahA ho, jo kaI jAtiyoM evaM gotroM ke rUpa meM parilakSita hotA hai / dhArmika bhedoM kI taraha jAtiyA~ evaM gotra bhI zanaiH zanaiH astitva meM Aye / madhyakAla meM muslima vidhvaMsa kI parAkASThA ke kAraNa dharmAntaraNa va AvAsapravAsa adhika hone se vibhinna vyavasAya, sthAnoM evaM kuloM ke samUhoM ne ina AdhAroM para hI apane gotroM kA nAmakaraNa kara liyA / madhyakAla meM gotroM kI utpatti bahusaMkhya evaM parAkASThA para rhii| uttara madhyakAla meM adhikAMza gotra evaM jAtiyA~ susthApita evaM dRr3ha ho gaI thIM, ataH naye gotrAdi kama paidA huye / rAjapUta mUlataH kSatriya jAti rahI hai, jisakA dharma hI yuddharata rahanA rahA hai / madhyakAla meM hiMsA va yuddha kI vibhISikA se bacane kA sugama upAya ahiMsaka jaina mata kI zaraNa grahaNa karanA thA, ataH adhisaMkhya kSatriya jaina bane / yahIM nahIM, jaina eka zrIsampanna samudAya va vANijyika karmI varga thA, jisakI samAja va rAjadarabAroM meM uttama pratiSThA bhI thI / jainAcAryoM kI rAjAoM evaM samAja meM acchI chavi thI, ataH aise uttama dharma va samAja se jur3anA anya vargoM ke liye kataI hAniprada nahIM thA, apitu lAbhadAyaka hI thA / sAmAjika, rAjanaitika, dhArmika, Arthika aura pAristhitika anukUlatA ke dharAtala para jainAcAryoM ke prayAsoM se jina jAtiyoM ke bIja pUrva madhyakAla meM boye gaye, ve madhyakAla meM gotroM ke rUpa meM puSpita, pallavita huye, jinakA saurabha asaMkhya abhilekhoM va prazastiyoM meM bikharA par3A hai / uttara madhyakAla meM bhI yaha saurabha cirasthAyI banA rahA / (1) osavAla : yaha rAjasthAna meM hI nahIM apitu sampUrNa bhArata meM zvetAmbara sampradAya kI pramukha jAti hai / abhilekhoM meM isake liye upakeza, uveza, uvezavAla, upakeza vaMza, usavAla Adi zabdoM kA prayoga bhI dekhane ko milatA hai / vANijyika, prazAsanika, rAjanaitika

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 135 aura jIvana ke vividha kSetroM meM yaha varga ucca sthAnoM para pratiSThita hai / isakI utpatti mAravAr3a ke osiyA~ nAmaka sthAna se mAnI jAtI hai| zrImAla ke rAjya parivAra ke eka vaMzaja uppaladeva yahA~ ke pratihAra zAsaka ke pAsa zaraNAgata hokara Aye aura kAlAntara meM yahIM ke zAsaka ho gaye / saMyoga se jaina muni ratnaprabha sUri isa sthAna para Aye, usa samaya uppaladeva ke ekamAtra putra ko sarpa ne Dasa liyA thA / rAjA ne muni se prArthanA kI aura AcArya ne camatkArika DhaMga se rAjakumAra ko svastha kara diyA / kRtajJa rAjA ne apanI prajA ke sAtha jaina dharma grahaNa kara liyA aura ratnaprabha sUri ne usa samUha ko osavAla jAti kI saMjJA pradAna kii| isa ghaTanA ke kAla nirdhAraNa aura osavAla jAti kI utpatti ke sambandha meM vibhinna mata haiN|' (ka) "nAbhinaMdanoddhAra-prabaMdha" aura "upakeza gaccha caritra" ke anusAra pArzvanAtha anavaya ke sAtaveM paTTadhara ratnaprabha sUri ne osavaMza kI sthApanA IsA pUrva 457 meM kii| (kha) bhAToM kI rAya ke anusAra osavAla jAti aThAraha gotroM ke sAtha ratnaprabha sUri ke upadezoM ke prabhAva se mAravAr3a meM upakeza nagara meM 165 I0 meM sthApita kI gaI thii| (ga) "paTTAvali-prabandha" ke anusAra 1124 I0 meM ucita sUri huye, inake samaya se dharmaghoSIya gaNa ucitavAla kahA jAne lagA aura inase pratibodha pAye gaye zrAvaka isa samaya osavAla kahalAte haiM / 2 (va) ukta tInoM mata sahI pratIta nahIM hote, kyoMki 8vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva isa jAti kA kahIM ullekha nahIM milatA aura "paTTAvali-prabandha" bahuta bAda meM likhI gaI thii| ucita mata yahI hai ki rAjA uppaladeva aura usako prajA ratnaprabha sUri ke dvArA jaina mata meM dharmAntarita kiye gaye aura osavAla jAti 8voM se 10vIM zatAbdI ke madhya nirmita huii| osavAloM ke gotra : dharmAntaraNa ke pazcAt osavAla saMkhyA meM bar3hate gaye / yaha saMkhyA vRddhi tejI se huI, kyoMki aba ye yuddha priya jAti meM nahIM the tathA yuddha na hone ke kAraNa janakSati bhI nahIM huI thii| kharatara gaccha ke vibhinna AcArya mukhyataH vardhamAna sUri, jinezvara sUri, abhayadeva sUri, jinavallabha sUri, jinadatta sUri, jinacandra sUri, jinapati sUri, jina kuzala sUri, jinabhadra sUri Adi 12vIM se 14vIM zatAbdI ke madhya vibhinna parivAroM 1. jaiisa, pR0 94 // 2. paprasa, pR0 14 / 3. jaiirA, pR0 94 /

Page #159
136 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma ko jaina mata meM dIkSita kiye gaye jana samUhoM ke mAdhyama se naye gotroM kA sRjana karate rahe / prArambha meM osavAla jAti ke kula aThAraha gotra the, jo isa prakAra haiM tAtahar3a, bAphanA, karaNATa, balahArA, morAkSa, kUlahaTa, birahaTa, zrI zrImAla, zreSThI, sucintI AicanAMga, bhUri, bhAdra, ciMcaTa, kummaTa, DinDU, kanauja aura laghu shresstthii| ina aThAraha gotroM se kAlAntara meM aneka zAkhAeM nikalIM, jinakI saMkhyA isa prakAra hai tAter3a se 22, bAphanA se 52, karaNATa se 14, balahArA se 26, morAkSa se 17, kulahaTa se 18, birahaTa se 17, zrI zrImAla se 22, zreSThI se 30, saMcetI se 44, AdityanAga se 85, bhUri se 20, bhadra se 29, ciMcaTa se 19, kummaTa se 19, DinDU se 21, kanaujiyA se 17 aura laghu zreSThI se 16 / isa prakAra kula 498 gotra huye / yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki osavAloM ke 1444 gotra haiM, vastutaH ye gotra nahIM haiM, apitu zAkhAe~ va upazAkhAe~ haiM / yati zrIpAla kI pAMDulipi ke anusAra 609 gotra vaNita haiM / 18vIM zatAbdI ke kavi rUpacandra ne apanI pustaka "osavAla rAsa" meM 440 gotroM kA varNana kiyA hai|4 ina bahusaMkhyaka gotroM meM se kucha sthAnAdhArita, kucha vyakti niSTha aura kucha vyavasAyika haiM / (ka) kSetrIya-prAdezika yA sthAnika gotra : kucha gotra utpatti sthAna ke AdhAra para nAmAMkita kiye gaye / 1116 I0 meM jinadatta sUri ne jaisalamera ke bhaMDasAla ke bhATo rAvala sAgara ke do putroM-zrIdhara aura rAjadhara ko vAsakSepa dekara mahAjana vaMza aura bhaMDasAlI gotra meM sthApita kiyA, jisase bhaMsAlI gotra astitva meM AyA / 5 1542 I0 meM isa gotra ke sAha vIdraka ne jaisalamera meM candraprabhu kI pratiSThA samAroha jinaprabha sUri ke dvArA Ayojita karavAyA thaa| sirohI ke kAMcholA gA~va ke AdhAra para 13vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM kAMcholI gotra nirmita huA / 1286 I0 meM isa gotra ke ajayasiMha ne sthAnIya mandira meM pArzvanAtha pratimA sthApita karavAI thii| mAravAr3a ke koraMta nAmaka sthAna se koraMta gotra utpanna 1. jaisaMzi, pR0 620 / 2. jJAna sundara, jaina jAti mahodaya, pR0 25 / 3. jaisaMzi, pR0 656 / 4. jaina bhAratI, 11, saM0 11 / 5. nAjailesa, 3, pR0 28 / 6. vahI, kra0 2328 / 7. aprajalesa, kra0 611 /

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 137 huaa| 1450 I0 meM isa gotra ke sAha vIsala ne sumatinAtha kI pratimA kI pratiSThA kakka sUri ke dvArA karavAI thii|' pUMgala kSetra ke kucha osavAla anyatra pravAsita hokara basa gaye aura paMgala hI kahalAne lge| mer3atavAla gotra mer3atA nagara ke nAma para astitva meM AyA / isa gotra ke ullekha ke 16vIM zatAbdI ke lekha mer3atA aura udayapura meM upalabdha haiN| kannauja se Ane vAle osavAla kannaujiyA gotra ke huye / 1502 I0 meM isa gotra ke sAkher3A ne apane pitA kI smRti meM zItalanAtha bimba kI pratiSThA krvaaii| kAMkariyA gotra kAMkarAvata ke rahane vAle bhImasI ke dvArA utpanna kiyA gayA / 4 ye udayapura ke mahArANA ke sAmanta the aura kharatara gaccha ke jina vallabha sUri dvArA jaina dharma meM dIkSita hue the| alavara se prApta 1442 I0 ke eka lekha meM isa gotra kA ullekha milatA hai|" (kha) vyAvasAyika gotra : katipaya gotra vyavasAyoM ke AdhAra para utpanna haye / 1155 I0 meM jina vallabha sUri ke pratibodha se khIMcI rAjapUta DoMDo, jisakA vyavasAya dhAr3A mAranA thA, mahAjana vaMza meM dIkSita huA, jisase dhAr3IvAla gotra sthApita huA / rAvacUr3A ne apanA koThAra ThAkarasI ko saMbhalAyA, ataH ThAkarasI ke vaMzaja koThArI kahe jAne lge| 1456 I0 ke abhilekha ke anusAra isa gotra ke megha ne vAsupUjya bimba vinayaprabha sUri ke mAdhyama se sthApita kiyaa| khajAne ke prabhArI khajAnco gotra ke ho gaye / bhaNDAriyoM ke pUrvaja dradarAva the| 992 I0 meM inhoMne saMDeraka gaccha ke yazobhadra sUri se jainadharma grahaNa kiyaa| bhaNDAra ke adhikArI hone ke kAraNa inake vaMzaja bhaNDArI gotra ke huye / 1132 I0 ke naDalAI se prApta isa gotra ke prArambhika lekha meM bhaNDArI nAnAziva ke kisI anudAna kI gavAhI dene kA ullekha hai| 1184 I0 ke lekha meM pallagA~va ke mAlika bhaNDArI yazovIra kA ullekha hai|' 1185 I0 ke jAlaura lekha ke anusAra mahArAjA sAmantasiMha ke Adeza para pAsu ke putra bhaNDArI yazovIra ne jaina maMdira kA jIrNoddhAra karavAyA thaa| 1. nAjailesa, 3, kra0 2325 / 2. vahI, kra0 1131, 1295 / 3. vahI, kra0 1101 / 4. aujAi, pR0 353 / 5. nAjailesa, kra. 988 / 6. jaisaMzi, pR0 626 / 7. nAjailesa, kra0 2084, jaisaMzi, pR0 625 / 8. samaDisTigvazDa jainsa, pR0 36 / 9. vhii|

Page #161
138 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma mahAjana vyavasAya se isI prakAra ghI kA vyApAra karane vAle vyakti aura unake vaMzaja ghiyA kahalAye / 1569 I0 meM isa gotra ke narabada ne tapAgaccha ke hIra vijaya ke AdezAnusAra saMbhavanAtha kI pratimA sthApita karavAI thI / anuzruti ke anusAra vaidya gotra ke kisI pUrvaja ne udayapura kI kisI rAnI kI A~kha kA ilAja kiyA thA, ataH unheM va unake vaMzajoM ko vaidya gotra kI saMjJA dI gaI / 2 1455 I0 meM isa gotra ke bhAdAka ne upakeza gacchIya kukar3AcArya ke dvArA vimalanAtha kI pratimA sthApita karavAI thI / mahAjanI gotra udita huA / isa gotra ke nAlhA ne kakka sUri ke mAdhyama se zAMtinAtha kI pratimA 1457 I0 meM pratiSThita karavAI thI / osavAloM meM cANDAliyA aura bAmbI gotra bhI pAye jAte haiM / cU~ki inakA vyavasAya cANDAloM aura bAmbiyoM ke sAtha thA, ataH unakA gotra yahI ho gayA / 1745 I0 meM caNDAliyA gotra ke ratanapAla ne maladhArI gaccha ke puNyanidhAna sUri ke mAdhyama se apane pitA kI smRti meM suvidhinAtha kI pratimA sthApita karavAI thI / " (ga) vyaktiyoM ke nAmoM para AdhArita gotra : katipaya gotroM kA nAmakaraNa prasiddha vyaktiyoM ke nAmoM para huA / rAThaur3a rAva rAyapAla ke putra chAjar3a ke vaMzaja chAjer3a jaina osavAla kahalAye / rAva rAyapAla ke dUsare putra mohaNa ke vaMzaja muhaNota osavAla kahalAye / muhaNota nainasI isI vaMza ke the / AdityanAga gotra kI utpatti prasiddha vyakti AdityanAga ke nAma para huI, jo mahAna dAnI, udAra aura paropakArI thA / isa gotra ke ullekha ke 14vIM 15vIM aura 16vIM zatAbdI ke kaI ullekha jodhapura, nAgaura, bAlotarA Adi sthAnoM para pAye gaye haiM / " 1110 I0 meM paMvAra rAjapUta lAlasiMha ke nAma para jinavallabha sUri ne lAlANI gotra sthApita kiyA / lAlasiMha ke 7 putra the jinameM sabase bar3A bAThA bahuta zaktizAlI thA aura usase bAThiyA gotra kI utpatti huI / lAlasiMha ke anya cAra putroM ke nAma se 1. nAjailesa, 3, kra0 5372 / 2. aujAi, pR0 166 / 3. nAjailesa, 1, kra0 2334 / 4. vahI, kra0 2577 / 5. jaiirA, pR0 96 // 6. AsopA, mAravAr3a kA mUla itihAsa, pR0 76 / 7. vahI / 8. nAjailesa, 1 evaM 2 | 9. jaisaMzi, pU0 626 /

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 139, viramecA, harakhAvata, sAha aura bhallAvata gotra utpanna huye|' 1444 I0 meM lAlANI gotra ke jayavada ne aMcalagaccha ke jayakeza sUri ke mAdhyama se dharmanAtha kI pratimA sthApita krvaaii|2 1419 I0 meM bAThiyA gotra ke sAha vhAmA ne jinacandra sUri ke mAdhyama se jinavarendra paTTa kA samAroha karavAyA / anuzruti ke anusAra gadAsAha ke vaMzaja gayA kahalAye / 1411 I0 meM isa gotra ke sAha AnA ne apanI patnI kI smRti meM upakeza gacchIya devagupta sUri se zAntinAtha pratimA kA pratiSThA samAroha sampanna karavAyA / " lUNiyA gotra kA nAma lUNasiMha ke nAma para huA, jisane jinadatta sUri se jainamata svIkAra kiyA thaa| 1456 I0 meM isa gotra ke gezaka ne kharataragacchIya jinabhadra sUri se pArzvanAtha kI pratimA kI pratiSThA karavAI thii|6 1148 I0 meM hemacandra sUri ke upadeza se paMvAra rAjapUta jagadeva, jaina mata meM dIkSita huaa|7. jagadeva ke do putra sUra va sAMvala the / sUra ke vaMzaja surANA aura sAMvala ke vaMzaja sAMkhalA kahalAye / 1444 I0 meM surANA gotra ke sonapAla ne dharmaghoSa gaccha ke vijayacandra sUri se sumatinAtha kI pratiSThA karavAI thii|9 1438 I0 meM sAMkhalA gotra ke lAkhA ne vijayacandra sUri se hI sumatinAtha kI pratimA kI pratiSThA karavAI thii|10|| dugar3a aura sugar3a nAma ke do bhAiyoM ne jinacandra sUri se jaina mata svIkAra kiyA thaa|' dugar3a ke vaMzaja duggar3a aura sugar3a ke vaMzaja suggar3a kahalAye / 1460 I0 meM isa gotra ke vaMzaja nAgarAja meM rudrapallI gaccha ke somasundara se zreyAMsanAtha kI pratimA kI pratiSThA sampanna karavAI thii|12 delavAr3A ke rAjA sAgara ke putra bohita ke nAma para botharA gotra utpanna huaa| 13 isakI kaI zAkhAe~ huIM, jaise--bohitharA, phophaliyA, 1. jaisaMzi, pR0 626 / 2. nAjalesa, kra0 2317 / 3. vahI, kra0 2404 / 4. jaisaMzi, pR0 628 / 5. nAjailesa, kra0 1062 / 6. jaisaMzi, pR0 635-37 / 7. nAjailesa, kra0 2186 / 8. jaisaMzi, pR0 637 / 9. nAjailesa, kra0 1079 / 10. vahI, kra0 1877 / 11. jaisaMzi, pR0 638 / 12. nAjailesa, kra0 1267 / 13. jaisaMzi, pR0 639-641 /

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140 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma bacchAvata, dasavANI, DUMgarANI, mukIma, sAha, ratANI va jaiNAvata / 1477 I0 meM botharA gotra ke thAhA ne jinacandra sUri se zreyAMsanAtha kI pratimA kI sthApanA sampanna karavAI thI / 1495 I0 meM jinacandra sUri ne gahalota rAjapUta giradhara ko pratibodha dekara gelar3A gotra sthApita kiyA / 3 lAkhanasiMha cauhAna se lor3hA gotra utpanna huA, jisakI cAra khA~deM - ToDaramalota, chajamalota, ratanapAlota aura bhAva sindho huI / dudherA nAmaka vyakti se dudheriyA gotra prasiddha huA / jina kuzala sUri ke upadezoM se cauhAna rAjapUta DUMgarasiMha ne jaina mata svIkAra kiyA, ataH inake vaMzaja DAgA gotra ke huye 14 8 (gha) kuloM se parivartita gotra : katipaya kula bhI kAlakrama meM gotroM se sambandhita hokara parivartita ho gaye / prAcIna kazyapa kula kAlAntara meM kazyapagotra ho gayA / 1458 I0 ke lekha ke anusAra isa gotra ke cUDA ne saMDeraka gaccha ke Izvara sUri se neminAtha kI pratiSThA karavAI thI / 13vIM zatAbdI meM karNasiMha ke putra zravaNa ne yazobhadra sUri se jaina mata svIkAra kiyA thA / unake vaMzaja sIsodiyA gotrIya huye / (Ga) vizeSa kAryoM ke uparAnta nirmita gotra : kucha gotra viziSTa kAryoM ke sampanna hone ke kAraNa astitva meM Aye / barar3iyA gotra kI utpatti lagabhaga 11vIM zatAbdI meM huI / eka anuzruti ke anusAra eka nAga vyantara ne nArAyaNa nAmaka vyakti ko vara diyA thA / yaha " vara diyA" zabda kAlakrama meM " baraDiyA " ho gayA / 1527 I0 meM isa gotra ke sAha ToDara ne zAntinAtha pratimA ko pratiSThA karavAI thI / " pAMsu hIre javAharAta kA bahuta bar3A parIkSaka thA, ataH usake vaMzaja pArakha kahalAye / 9 1461 I0 meM isa gotra ke surapati ne jinacandra se suvidhinAtha kI pratimA pratiSThita karavAI thI / 1120 I0 meM jinacandra sUri ne jobana 1. jaisaMzi, pR0 651 / 2. nAjailesa, kra0 1317 / 3. jaisaMzi, pR0 651 // 4. vahI, pR0 653 / 5. jaiirA, pR0 98 / 6. nAjailesa, kra0 1317 / 7. aujAi, pR0 393 / 8. nAjailesa, kra0 1192 / 9. jaisaMzi, pR0 628 /

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 141 aura sacca ko pratibodha diyA aura bAphanA gotra kI sthApanA kii| jinake vaMzaja yuddha kSetra se nahIM haTate the, ve nAhaTA kahalAye / bAphanA gotra ke liye yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki yaha "bappanAga" ke nAma se astitva meM aayaa|' 1329 I0 ke lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki isa gotra ke mokhala ne apane mAtA-pitA kI smRti meM kakka sUri se sumatinAtha kI pratimA sthApita karavAI thii| 1439 I0 meM nAhaTA gotra ke mAMjaNa ne narahada meM vimalanAtha ke mandira meM devakulikA nirmita karavAI thii| 1124 I0 meM sonagarA cauhAna ratnasiMha ke putra dhanapAla dvArA jaina mata svIkArane para ratnapurA gotra utpanna huA, jisakI dasa zAkhAe~-ratnapurA, koceTA, narANa, sApadrAha, malANiyA, sAMbhariyA, rAmasenyA, balAI va boharA gotra huye| mANDalagar3ha kA sultAna, jhA~jhaNasiMha ke guNoM se atyadhika prabhAvita huA aura usane unheM zAhI darabAra meM kaTAra rakhane ke liye adhikRta kara diyA, ataH unake vaMzaja kaTAriyA gotra ke huye / " 1426 I0 meM bhuvana sundara ke upadezoM se kaTAriyA gotra ke saMghI tukAde, pAsade, punAMsI aura mUlA ne jIrApallI ke mandira meM deva-kulikA nirmita karavAI thii|6 1157 I0 meM bhATI josala siMha ko jinacandra sUri ne pratibodha dekara AdhariyA gotra sthApita kiyaa| saMghavI kI upAdhi tIrtha yAtrA kA netRtva karane vAloM ko dI jAtI thI, jinake vaMzaja kAlAntara meM siMghavI gotra ke huye / kAkU nAma ke eka vyakti ko nagara seTha kI upAdhi dI gaI, ataH usake vaMzaja seThiyA gotra ke kahalAne lge| 1095 I0 meM jinavallabha sUri nAna de par3ihAra rAjA ke zAsasa kAla meM maNDora Aye, rAjA kA putra kUkar3adeva kuSTha roga se grasta thaa| rAjA dvArA muni se putra ko ThIka karane kI prArthanA karane para, muni ne gAya kI ghI ma~gavA kara rAjaputra ke zarIra para malA, tIna dina ke upacAra se rAjaputra svastha ho gyaa| rAjA ne apane kuTumba ke sAtha jaina mata svIkAra kara liyA aura sUrijI ne isa prakAra kukar3A-copar3A gotra kI sthApanA kii| parihAra rAjA ke maMtrI gaNadhara ne bhI jaina mata svIkAra kara liyA aura isa prakAra gaNadhara copar3A 1. bhapAi, pR0 1109 / 2. nAjalesa, kra0 2253 / 3. vahI, kra. 1957 / 4. jaisaMzi, pR0 633 / 5. vahI, pR0 634 / 6. aprajailesa, kra0 113 / 7. jaisaMzi, pR0 637 / 8. vahI, pR0 634 / 9. ojAi, pR0 427 /

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142 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma gotra sthApita huA / 1479 I0 ke eka lekha meM kukar3A-copar3A gotra' aura 1436 I0 ke eka lekha meM gaNadhara copar3A gotra kA ullekha hai / 2 kharatarasiMha rAThaur3a ne jinadatta sUri ke pratibodha se jaina mata svIkAra kiyA, inake bar3e putra ambadeva ne coroM kA mukAbalA karake unako pakar3a liyA, kAlAntara meM inake vaMzaja coraDiyA kahalAye / coraDiyoM kI 17 zAkhAe~ tejANI, dhannANI, popANI, nolANI, gallANI, devasapANI, nANI, zravaNI, saddANI, kakkar3a, makkar3a, bhakkar3a, lUTakkaNa, saMsArA, koberA, bhaTArakiyA aura pItaliyA huI / inhIM ke pautra sAha sUkhA se sAvaNa sUkkhA gotra, geloM se golecchA, buccoM se buccA aura pAMsujI se pArakha astitva meM aaye|4 1118 I0 meM jinadatta sUri ke pratibodha se siMdha deza meM bhATI abhayasiMha se AyariyA gotra tathA isI vaMza ke lUNe nAmaka buddhimAna vyakti se lUNAvata gotra astitva meM Aye / " gaccha evaM gotroM ke antarsambandha : pratimAoM ke kucha lekhoM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki katipaya gotra vizeSa gacchoM se hI sambandhita the| ina gotroM ke vyakti pratimAoM kI pratiSThA Adi nizcita gaccha ke AcAryoM se hI karavAte the| Aditya nAga gotra ke sabhI vyaktiyoM ke pratimAoM ke praStiThA samAroha upakeza gaccha ke AcAryoM dvArA hI sampanna huye| isI prakAra gadhaiyA gotra, bAphanA gotra, rAMvakA gotra ke vyaktiyoM ne upakeza gaccha ke AcAryoM se hI pratiSThAe~ sampanna krvaaii| gaNadhara copar3A, DAgA, doSI evaM lUNiyA~ gotra ke vyakti kharatara gaccha ke AcAryoM se hI pratiSThA va sthApanA samAroha sampamna karavAte the / ghAMgghA gotra aura caNDAliyA gotra ke vyakti maladhArI gaccha ke AcAryoM se pratimAeM sthApita karavAte the / chAjar3A gotra vizeSa rUpa se pallIvAla gaccha se sambandhita thaa| sisodiyA gotra ke vyakti saMDeraka gaccha ke guruoM se sambandhita the / duggar3a gotra aura miThaDiyA gotra ke zrAvaka bRhad gaccha aura aMcala gaccha ke AcAryoM se pratimAeM sthApita karavAte the| kabhI-kabhI eka hI gotra ke vyakti do gacchoM ke guruoM se bhI pratimAoM kI sthApanA karavA lete the| jaise sA~khavalecA gotra ke vyakti koraMTaka gaccha aura kharatara gaccha donoM ke AcAryoM se sthApanA karavAte the| 1. nAjailesa, kra0 2136 / 2. vahI, kra0 2114 / 3. ojAi, pR0 509 / 4. jaisaMzi, pR0 628 / 5. vahI, pR0 631 / / 6. jaiirA, pR0 100 /

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 143 (2) zrImAla : jainadharma meM zrImAloM kI utpatti zrImAla ( bhInamAla ) se huii| kAlakrama meM saMkhyA vRddhi hone para ye jodhapura, sirohI udayapura tathA anyatra phailate gaye / samAja meM inakA prabhAvazAlI sthAna thA / inakI utpatti 8vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kI mAnI jAtI hai / 1308 I0 kI 'kAlakAcArya kathA" ko prazasti' se jAnakArI milatI hai ki isa jAti ke eka zrAvaka dIdA ne zAnti sUri ke udbodhana se 647 I0 meM navahara meM AdinAtha caitya kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa| zrImAla jAti kI prAcInatama vaMzAvalI ke anusAra isa jAti ke bhAradvAja gotra ke eka vyApArI Tor3A ko 738 I0 meM eka jaina santa ne upadeza diyA thA / ataH spaSTa hai ki 8vIM zatAbdI meM zrImAla jAti meM jaina mata pracalana meM thaa| vijayanta nAmaka zrImAla rAjA ne udayaprabha sUri se jainadharma svIkAra kiyA, usake sAtha hI brAhmaNa matAnuyAyI bAsaTha seThoM ne bhI jainadharma aMgIkAra kiyA / ye saba zrImAla khlaaye| kavi udayaratna dvArA likhita -"paMcapatarAsa", jisameM upakeza gaccha kI dvivaMdanika zAkhA ke AcAryoM kA itihAsa hai, se jJAta hotA hai ki 700 zaka samvat meM ratnaprabha sUri isa kasbe meM Aye aura unhoMne zrImAla jAti kI sthApanA kii| ukta sabhI prakaraNoM se spaSTa pramANita hai ki zrImAla jAti 7vIM yA 8vIM zatAbdI meM astitva meM aaii| kAlAntara meM yaha jAti laghu zAkhA aura vRhada zAkhA meM vibhakta ho gaI / 1488 I0 ke lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki zrImAla jAti kI laghu zAkhA ke sahasakaraNa dvArA apanI mAM kI smRti meM aMcala-gacchIya siddhAnta sAgara se AdinAtha kI pratimA pratiSThita karavAI thii|" vRhada zAkhA se sambandhita eka pazcAtvartI lekha bhI upalabdha hai| isa jAti kI kaI zAkhAe~ huI, jo prAcIna rAjyoM ke nAmoM para AdhArita haiN| jaise-TAka zrImAla, hariyANA zrImAla, sonagariyA zrImAla Adi / bIkAnera se prApta katipaya abhilekhoM meM tAmbI zrImAla, dhanDaniyA zrImAla aura kumakumalota zrImAla kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| isa jAti ke vibhinna gotra, vyavasAya, sthAna ke nAmoM evaM anya AdhAroM para nirmita huye| 1. jaina pustaka prazasti saMgraha, kra0 35 / 2. jaina sAhitya saMzodhana evaM jainAcArya AtmArAma zatAbdI smA0 grantha, pR0 204 / 3. zrI jaina gotra saMgraha, pR0 13-29 / 4. prAgvATa itihAsa, bhUmikA, pR0 12 / 5. nAjailesa, kra0 1166 / 6. vahI, kra0 295 / 7. pralesa, kra0 982, 454 / 8. bIjailesa, kra0 1628, 2736, 1696, 2218, 1609 Adi /

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144 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma zrImAloM ke gotra : isa jAti meM vibhinna vidhiyoM se gotra utpanna hue / ambikA gotra devI ambikA se utpanna huA pratIta hotA hai / 1477 I0 meM isa gotra ke eka zreSThI ne apane pUrvajoM kI smRti meM lakSmI sAgara sUri se zAntinAtha kI pratimA sthApita karavAI thii|' aIlahara gotra kA ullekha 1442 I0 ke abhilekha meM upalabdha hotA hai| govaliyA gotra aura ghevariyA gotra ke abhilekha bhI upalabdha haiN| 1452 I0 ke abhilekha ke varNana ke anusAra gAMdhika gotra ke jAvada ne dharmanAtha kI pratimA sthApita kii|" 1476 I0 meM gautama gotra ke pAsada ke dvArA zAntinAtha kI pratimA kA pratiSThA samAroha Ayojita kiyA gayA thaa| isa gotra kI utpatti gautama nAma ke santa ke kula se utpanna huI pratIta hotI hai| caNDAleyA gotra" aura dazudA gotra kA bhI abhilekhoM meM ullekha milatA hai| dosI gotra', nalUriyA, jUnIvAla gotra, jhuMgariyA gotra, nAvara gotra"", bhA~DiyA gotra 12, mUthiyA gotra, mAMthalapurA gotra 4, vahagaTA gotra15, zreSThI gotra 6, siMghaDa gotra', phophaliyA gotra, bhANDAvata gotra, mUsala gotra20, aura 1. nAjailesa, kra0 1163 / 2. vahI, 1676 / 3. vahI, 412 / 4. vahI, 413 / 5. vahI, 2329 / 6. vahI, 2464 / 7. vahI, 830 / 8. vahI, 38 / 9. vahI, 391 / 10. vahI, 1993 / 11. vahI, 1974 / 12. vahI, 1956 / 13. vahI, 1967 / 14. vahI, 1932 / 15. vahI, 2085 / 16. vahI, 1224 evaM 1227 / 17. vahI, 737, 823 / 18. vahI, 577 / 19. vahI, 577 / 20. vahI, 2333 /

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 145 siddha gotra' kA ullekha 15vIM zatAbdI ke abhilekhoM se milatA hai| dhInA gotra, pATanI gotra aura muhavanA gotra bhI 16vIM zatAbdI ke abhilekhoM meM ullikhita haiN| (3) poravAla : yaha jAti bhI 8vIM zatAbdI meM zrImAla nagara se zrImAla jAti ke sAtha hI utpanna huI, aisA mAnA jAtA hai| nagara ke pUrvI dvAra ke loga jinhoMne jainAcAryoM se jainadharma svIkAra kiyA-poravAr3ha, poravAr3a yA poravAla kahalAne lge|5 "prabandha paTTAvalI" ke anusAra 1178 I0 meM praur3ha sUri ne plega kI bImArI dUra kara dI thI, ataH pUr3havAla jAti astitva meM AI, jo poravAr3a yA prAgvATaka kahalAye / paTTAvalI kA yaha mata sahI pratIta nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki isa kAla ke pUrva bhI poravAla astitva meM the| isIprakAra zrImAla nagara se inakI utpatti kA vicAra bhI sahI pratIta nahIM hotA hai| prAcIna abhilekhoM evaM granthoM meM poravAla ke liye 'prAgvATa' zabda prayukta huA hai| prAgvAta, mevAr3a ( medapAta ) kA dUsarA nAma thA / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prAgvAta pradeza ke loga hI jaina mata svIkAra kara lene para prAgvAta yA poravAla kahalAne lge| poravAla apanI utpatti mevAr3a ke 'pura" nAmaka gA~va se batAte haiM / sAmAnyataH yaha vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki isa jAti ko cittaur3a meM haribhadra sUri ne pratibodhita kiyA thaa| usake bAda se hI yaha jaina jAti huii| abhI taka isa jAti kA 10vIM zatAbdI se pUrva kA koI lekha upalabdha nahIM thA / indragar3ha se prApta 710 I0 ke lekha meM pAzupata zaiva se sambandhita prAgvATa jAti ke kumAra dvArA dAna dene kA ullekha hai|' sambhavataH usa samaya ke pUrva taka yaha jAti zaiva matAnuyAyI rahI hogii| isa jAti ke ullekha sambandhI adhikAMza abhilekha pazcimI rAjasthAna va uttarI gujarAta se prApta hote haiM / ataH inakA prArambhika adhivAsana ina kSetroM meM hI rahA hogA / 1 1034 I0 ke kAsindrA abhilekha meM zreSThI 1. nAjalesa, 2292 / 2. vahI, 2429 / 3. vahI, 750 / 4. vahI, 2370 / 5. zrI ujjagotra saMgraha, pR0 13-23 / 6. paprasa, pR0 14 / 7. ojhA nibandha saMgraha, pR0 25 / 8. jekobI, "samarAiccakahA" kI bhUmikA / 9. ei, 22, pR0 112 / 10. zopa, varSa 35, aMka 1, pR0 55 / 11. jairA, pR0 61 /

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146 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma golanacchI ke parivAra kA bhInamAla se pravAsa kA ullekha milatA hai| vimalazAha bhI isI jAti ke the evaM raNakapura mandira ke nirmAtA dharaNAzAha bhI isI jAti ke the| zrImAla jAti kI taraha poravAla jAti bhI laghu zAkhA aura bRhad zAkhA meM vibhakta thI, poravAla jAti kI laghu zAkhA kA 1653 I0 ke abhilekha meM ullekha hai / 2 1534 I0 meM prAgvATajAtIya bRhad zAkhA ke maMtrI vikAsa ne sumatinAtha kI pratimA sthApita kI thii| - ___ abhilekhIya evaM sAhityika pramANoM ke AdhAra para poravAla jAti ke vibhinna gotra dekhane ko milate haiN| jaise-jhUlara, munthAliyA, limbA, maMDAliyA, paTela, naravata, lolAniyA, posA, koThArI, bhaNDArI, ambI, koDakI aura nAga / 1546 I0 meM poravAla jAtIya koThArI gotra ke tejapAla, rAyapAla, ratnasI aura rAmadAsa ne sirohI rAjya ke piMDavAr3A meM mahAvIra mandira kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa| 1447 I0 meM isa jAti ke bhaNDArI gotra ke zAnti ne muni suvratanAtha ko pratimA sthApita karavAI thii| 1571 I0 meM ambaI gotra ke vyavahArI khImA ne dharmanAtha kI pratimA sthApita krvaaii| 1586 I0 meM kauDakI gotra ke mUla ne tapAgacchIya vijayasena sUri se AdinAtha kI pratimA pratiSThita karavAI thii| kucha gotra khyAti prApta pUrvajoM se bhI udbhUta huye, jaise-sAhilasantAniyA (sAhila ke vaMzaja) isI prakAra kA gotra hai|' (4) pallIvAla : digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM sampradAyoM meM pAyI jAne vAlI pallIvAla jAti sambhavataH mAravAr3a ke pAlI nAmaka sthAna se utpanna huii| pAlI kA prAcIna nAma pallikA thaa| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki 8vIM zatAbdI meM ratnaprabha sUri dvArA yahA~ ke logoM ko jaina dharma meM dharmAntarita kiyA gayA aura pallIvAla jAti kI sthApanA huii| pallIvAloM dvArA samaya-samaya para mUrtiyoM ke pratiSThA mahotsava Ayojita karane ke pramANa 1. aprajailesa, kra0 621 / 2. nAjalesa, kra0 1614 / 3. vahI, kra0 2151 / 4. zrI jaina gotra saMgraha, bhUmikA, pR0 50 / 5. nAjailesa, kra0 947, 948, 950 / 6. vahI, 621 / 7. vahI, 1214 / 8. vahI, 1308 / 9. aprajailesa, kra0 243 / :

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jena maM bheda aura upabheda : 147 upalabdha hote haiM / 1253 I0 meM isa jAti ke dIdA ne candragacchIya yazobhadra se mallinAtha kI pratimA sthApita karavAI thI / isa jAti ke loga samaya-samaya para pAlI se vibhinna tIrtha sthAnoM ko jAne vAlI saMgha yAtrAoM kA netRtva bhI karate the / (5) khaNDelavAla jAti : khaNDelavAla jAti kI utpatti khaNDelA nAmaka sthAna se mAnI jAtI hai / jaina paramparA ke anusAra khaNDelagirI nAmaka cauhAna rAjA ne khaNDelA nagara basAyA, jo vartamAna meM 'jayapura rAjya meM hai / eka bAra mahAmArI phailane para brAhmaNoM ke kahane se eka jaina muni kI yajJa meM Ahuti de dI gaI, jisase rAjA kI bahuta badanAmI huI tathA mahAmArI ne bhI bhayaMkara rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA / santa aparAjita ke mata ke jinasenAcArya ke pratibodha se rAjA ko jJAna huA, taba rAjA sahita 82 kSatriya gA~voM ke jAgIradAra tathA 2 svarNakAra gA~voM ke samUha 84 jAtiyoM ke rUpa meM dharmAntarita hue / isa prakAra khaNDelavAla jAti jaina dharma kI jAti ke rUpa meM astitva meM AI / isa mata ke anusAra vIra saMvat eka meM khaNDelavAla jAti kI sthApanA huI / eka anya mata ke anusAra vikrama saMvat 173 (116 I0 ) meM khaNDelA ke 84 gA~voM ke kSatriya jaina bane, jinameM do sunAra bhI the / ina prakaraNoM meM diyA gayA utpatti kAla sahI pratIta nahIM hotA hai / isa jAti ke 8vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva astitva meM hone ke koI Thosa pramANa upalabdha nahIM haiM / isa jAti kA sarvaprathama ullekha zeragar3ha se prApta 1105 I0 ke abhilekha meM milatA hai / sAMgAnera ke 1173 I0 ke jaina mandira ke lekha meM bhI isa jAti kA nAmollekha hai / isa jAti kA ullekha 1997 I0 ke abhilekha meM bhI dekhane ko milatA hai / zeragar3ha khaNDelA se paryApta dUra hai, ataH utpatti sthAna se yahA~ taka prasArita hone meM isa jAti ko paryApta samaya lagA hogA / isa AdhAra para bhI isakI utpatti 8vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga hI honI cAhiye / isI prakAra 84 gA~voM ke AdhAra para 84 gotroM kI eka hI samaya, eka hI sAtha utpatti sahI pratIta nahIM hotI hai / 84 kI saMkhyA rUr3hivAdI pratIta hotI hai / mUla rUpa 1. nArjalesa, kra0 1778 / 2. bhAi, pR0 544 / 3. guNArthI, rAjasthAnI jAtiyoM ko khoja, pR0 53 / 4. ajamera ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM saMgrahIta hastalikhita grantha / 5. seMsasa riporTa mAravAr3a, 1891, pR0 230 / 6. ei, 31, pR0 89 / 7. jaiharA, pR0 103 /

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148 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadhamaM se ye gotra kama rahe hoMge, jo dhIre-dhIre bar3ha gaye / jAti ke vibhinna gotra gA~voM ke nAmoM, vyavasAyoM evaM upanAmoM para AdhArita pratIta hote haiM / isa kSetra meM adhikAMza kSatriya rAjapUta the ataH unake vibhinna vaMzoM evaM gA~voM ke AdhAra para gotroM ke nAma hue / (ka) kSatriya vaMzotpanna gotra : khaNDelA ke cauhAnavaMzIya rAjAoM kA zAha gotra banA / pATanI gA~va ke ta~vara rAjapUta pATanI gotra ke, pApar3I gA~va ke cauhAna pApar3IvAla gotra ke, dausA ke rAThaura dosA gotra ke, seThAnI ke somavaMzIya kSatriya seThI gotra ke, bhaiMsA ke cauhAna bar3ajAtyA gotra ke, godhAnI gA~va ke godhar3avaMzIya kSatriya godhA yA TholiyA, candravAr3a ke candelA rAjapUta candravAr3a gotra ke, moThiyA gA~va ke ThImara rAjapUta moThiyA tathA ajamera ke gaur3a rAjapUta ajamerA gotra ke huye / isI prakAra darar3iyA, gadhaiyA, pAMDyA, chAbalA gotra cauhAnoM se, bhUca sUryavaMzI kSatriyoM se baja aura maharAyA hemavaMziyoM se, raoNkA somavaMziyoM se, pATaudI teMvara vaMziyoM se, gaMgavAla kachavAhoM se, sonI solaMkiyoM se, bilAlA somavaMziyoM se, biralAlA kurUvaMziyoM se, binAyakA gahalota vaMzIya, bAkalIvAla va kAsalIvAla mohila vaMzIya, pApar3IvAla paramAravaMzIya, sogAnI sUryavaMzIya, jhAMjharI aura kaTAriyA kachuvAhoM se, baMda soraTha vaMzIya, ToMgiyA paMvAroM se, boharA sor3hA kSatriyoM se, kAlA kuzavaMziyoM se, luMgiyA sUryavaMziyoM se, luhAr3iyA moraTha vaMzIya, bhaNDasAlI aura dagar3Avata solaMkiyoM se tathA caudharI ta~varavaMzIya kSatriyoM se utpanna huye haiM / yahIM khaNDelA kA kula zrAvaka varga prasiddha hai, jisako " sarAvagI " bhI kahate haiM / " (kha) prAdezika gotra kucha gotra kSetrIya va sthAnoM se sambandhita haiM / ajamerA gotra sambhavataH ajamera ke nAma para huA / isa gotra ke ajamera ke sAha surjana kI patnI ne 1538 I0 meM "pradyumna caritra" kI prati likhavA kara sAdhvI vijayazrI ko bheMTa meM dI thI / 1594 I0 ke abhilekha meM bhI isa gotra kA ullekha hai / pATaudI gotra zekhAvATI meM pATautI gA~va se utpanna huA / 1764 I0 kI eka prazasti meM isakA ullekha haiM / dosI gotra jayapura rAjya ke dausA nAmaka sthAna se utpanna huA isa gotra ke ajamera nivAsI bohita ne 1601 I0 meM caubIsI pratimA sthApita karavAI thI / kAsalIvAla gotra jayapura rAjya meM sIkara ke nikaTa kAsalI gA~va se astitva meM AyA / isakA ullekha 1524 I0 kI / 1. guNArthI, pR0 53 / 2. vahI, pR0 53 / 3. prasa, pR0 138 / 4. vahI, pR0 175 /

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 149 eka prazasti meM dekhane ko milatA hai / " pATanI gotra khaNDelA ke nikaTa pATana nAmaka gA~va se prArambha huA / isa gotra kI nAgaura nivAsI paharAja kI patnI pATanade ne 1520 I0 meM " Adi purANa" kI eka prati dharmacandra ko bheMTa meM dI / 2 1594 I0 ke abhilekha meM bhI isa gotra kA ullekha hai / 3 ToMgiyA gotra sambhavataH ToMka meM utpanna huA / isakA ullekha 1522 I0 kI prazasti meM milatA hai / kAlA gotra jayapura rAjya meM caumUM ke nikaTa kAlA devA nAmaka sthAna se utpanna huA pratIta hotA hai / 1576 I0 meM isa gotra ke rohoM ne eka pratimA pratiSThita karavAI thI / " 1607 I0 kI eka prazasti meM bhI isa gotra kA ullekha hai / (ga) vyAvasAyika gotra : katipaya gotra vyavasAyoM ke AdhAra para vikasita huye / auSadhiyoM kA vyApAra karane vAle vyakti aura unake vaMzaja kAlAntara meM vaida gotra ke huye / 1584 I0 meM isa gotra ke mothA ne apanI patnI aura putroM ke sAtha " samyak darzana yantra" kI sthApanA kI thI / paramparAgata anuzrutiyoM se spaSTa hai ki mohanAya baja aura AmnAya baja dharmAntaraNa ke pUrva sunAra the / 1646 I0 meM baja gotra ke hAthInAtha ne " dasalakSaNa yaMtra" kI pratiSThA Ayojita kI / " 1688 I0 ko prazasti meM bhI isa gotra kA ullekha hai / sonI gotra bhI logoM ke vyavasAya kI tarapha iMgita karatA hai / isakA sarvaprathama ullekha 1584 I0 ke abhilekha meM milatA hai, jisake anusAra isa gotra ke sAhatelA ne " karakuMda pArzvanAtha yaMtra" ko sthApanA kI thI / 1688 I0 kI eka prazasti meM bhI isa gotra kA ullekha hai / 10 boharA gotra dhana udhAra dene vAle logoM se utpanna huA / isa gotra ke ratna ne 1484 I0 meM apane putroM ke sAtha eka yaMtra kI pratiSThA karavAI thI / " 1. prasa, pR0 96 / 2. vahI, pR0 2 / 3. jaiirA, pR0 81 / 4. prasa, pR0 177 / 5. jaiirA, pR0 79 / 6. prasa, pR0 89 / 7. jaiirA, pR0 81 / 8. saMvat 1703 vaizAkha mAse pratiSThatAma -- bar3A zrI hAthInAtha praNamati / 9. jaiirA, pR0 81 / 10. prasa, pR0 4 / 11. jaiirA, pR0 81 /

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150 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma (gha) pada evaM upanAmoM para AdhArita gotra : caudharI kI padavI dI jAtI ke kucha gotra padaviyA~ aura upanAmoM se bhI udbhUta hue / sAha gotra una vyaktiyoM se utpanna huA pratIta hotA hai, jinheM AdaraNIya mAna kara "sAha" kahA jAtA thA / isa gotra ke sAha ne apanI patnI aura putroM ke sAtha 1539 I0 meM "arahama yaMtra" kI sthApanA kI / " isa gotra kA nAma 1518 I0 kI prazasti meM bhI dekhane ko milatA hai / kara va lagAna vasUla karane vAle logoM ko sarakAra ke dvArA thI / kAlakrama meM "caudharI" gotra bana gayA / isa gotra sAha mahArAjA ne 1554 I0 meM "pArzvanAtha caritra" kI pratilipi taiyAra karavA kara dharmacandra ko bheTa meM dI 13 chAvar3A gotra sambhavataH sAha va bar3A zabdoM ke milane se astitva meM AyA / pahale yaha zabda "sAbar3A" rahA hogA, kintu samaya ke antarAla se chAbar3A ho gayA / isa gotra ke sAhamoTA ne "nAgakumAra caritra" kI prati taiyAra karavA kara lalitakIrti ko bheMTa meM dI thI / 1591 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM bhI isa gotra kA ullekha hai / " " bhaiMsA" gotra sambhavataH bhAI va sAha zabdoM ke milane se nirmita huA hogA / isakA ullekha 1694 I0 kI prazasti meM hai / jaba isa gotra ke loga saMkhyA meM adhika ho gaye to bar3ajAtyA kahalAne lage / vartamAna samaya meM donoM gotra eka hI mAne jAte haiM / seThI gotra zreSThI zabda se utpanna huA / prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM yaha zabda bahudhA prayukta huA hai / isa gotra kA ullekha 1575 I0 kI eka prazasti meM bhI hai / uparokta gotroM ke atirikta kucha anya gotroM kI jAnakArI abhilekhoM va prazastiyoM se milatI hai / 1473 I0 ke abhilekha meM godhA gotra kA sarvaprathama ullekha milatA hai / isake anusAra isa gotra ke vilhaNa ne pratimAoM kA pratiSThA samAroha sampanna kiyA thA / " anya gotroM meM TholiyA gotra, pahAr3iyA gotra 10, bilAlA gotra ", gaMgavAla gotra 12, godikA gotra 13, pAMDyA gotra 4, 14 1. jaiirA, pR0 80 / 2. prasa, pR0 63 / 3. jaisaMzi, pR0 128 / 4. vahI, pR0 113 / 5. jaiirA, pR0 81 / 6. prasa, pR0 29 / 7. vahI, pR0 190 / 8. vIravANI, bhAga 7 / 9. jaiirA, pR0 12 / 10. vahI, pR0 105 / 11. vahI 12. prasa, pR0 99 / 13. prasa, pR0 169 14. vahI, 170 /

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 151 raoNvakA gotra' aura sogANI gotra haiN| 1584 I0 ke abhilekha meM "kurakurA gotra" kA bhI ullekha hai / isake anusAra isa gotra ke kAlU ne apane putroM evaM pautroM ke sAtha "RNakAra yaMtra" sthApita karavAyA thA / yaha gotra khaNDelavAla jAti ke caurAsI gotroM kI sUcI meM upalabdha nahIM hotA / prazastiyoM evaM abhilekhIya pramANoM se siddha hotA hai ki khaNDelavAla jAti ke loga sAmAnyataH mUla saMgha ke AcAryoM se hI sambaddha the / yaha tathya iGgita karatA hai ki rAjasthAna meM 'mala saMgha' gatividhiyoM kA kendra rahA / (6) bagheravAla jAti: __isa jAti kI utpatti kekar3I ke nikaTa purAtana mahattva ke sthAna bagherA se 8vIM zatAbdI meM mAnI jAtI hai / kaI prAcIna jaina pratimAoM, maMdiroM aura zilAlekhoM meM isa jAti kA ullekha hai / bijauliyA ke 1170 I0 ke zilAlekha meM bhI isakA ullekha hai| bagherA, 12vIM zatAbdI meM mUla saMgha ke bhaTTArakoM kI pITha bhI thii| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki digambara AcArya rAmasena aura nemasena ne isa nagara ke rAjA ko prajA sahita jaina mata meM dharmAntarita kiyA", paNDita AzAdhara, jo 12vIM zatAbdI meM mohammada gorI ke AkramaNa ke bhaya se mANDalagar3ha se dhArA nagarI ko cale gaye the, bagheravAla jAti ke hI the / puNyasiMha, jisane 15vIM zatAbdI ke kuMbhakarNa ke zAsanakAla meM cittaur3a ke prasiddha jaina kIrti stambha ko pUrNa karavAyA thA, isa jAti kA hI thA / vibhinna abhilekhoM evaM prazastiyoM ke anusAra isa jAti ke vibhinna gotra isa prakAra hai-rAya bhaNDArI, zAMkhavAla', zAnApati', DholA'', koTavA'', prabhA2 aura sivAMDyA / 13 (7) agravAla jAti : rAjasthAna meM agravAla bar3I saMkhyA meM haiM tathA samAja meM inakA bahuta sammAnajanaka 1. prasa, pR0 177 / 2. vahI, pR0 44 evaM 77 / 3. ei, 24, pR0 84, zloka 82-83 / 4. ie, 20, pR0 57 / 5. ajamera ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM saMgrahIta / 6. jaisAoi, pR0 134 / 7. nAjailesa, kra0 438 / 8. vahI, kra0 727 / 9. vahI, kra0 628 / 10. prasa, pR0 147 / 11. vahI, pR0 98 // 12. jaiirA, pR0 105 / 13. jaiirA, pR072

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152 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma sthAna hai / ye ucca zikSita va pragatizIla haiM / agravAla vaiSNava va jaina matAvalambI donoM prakAra ke haiN| yaha madhyama-vargIya vyApArika jAti prAcInakAla meM jainamata kI atyadhika samarthaka thii| inhoMne asaMkhya pratimAoM kI sthApanA aura granthoM kI pratilipiyA~ taiyAra karavAI thiiN| jaina paramparAnusAra, agravAla jAti kI utpatti 160 I0 meM jainAcArya lohityAcArya dvArA agarohA nagarI (paMjAba) se huii| AcArya ne nagara ke saMsthApaka rAjA agrasena va unake putroM ko ahiMsA kA upadeza diyA aura jaina mata meM dharmAntarita kiyaa| paTTAvaliyoM ke anusAra' lohityAcArya ne rAjA divAkara sahita prajA ko va anya rAjAoM ko jaina mata meM parivartita kiyaa| muni ke ahiMsA-upadezoM se prerita hokara rAjA ne punaH yajJa kiyA, jisameM bhArata ke kaI rAjA AmaMtrita the, kintu pUrvI rAjapUtAnA ke 17 rAjA hI Aye jo ki pRthak-pRthak gotroM ke kSatriya the| ye saba upadeza ke suprabhAva se vaizya bana gaye / nAgendranAtha vasu ke anusAra yaha agrasena vaha ugrasena hai, jisakA ullekha samudragupta ke ilAhAbAda abhilekha meM dekhane ko milatA hai / lohityAcArya, devaddhigaNI ke ziSya the, jinhoMne 453 I0 meM vallabhI meM vAcanA kA Ayojana karavAyA thA / lohityAcArya kA kAla nirdhAraNa devaddhigaNI ke 30 varSa pUrva kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra AcArya ne agravAloM ko 423 I0 meM dharmAntarita kiyA hogA kintu yaha vicAra vizvasanIya nahIM hai / prathama to yaha ki yaha ugrasena uttarI bhArata kA rAjA thA, jabaki ilAhAbAda abhilekha meM varNita rAjA dakSiNa meM zAsana karatA thaa| antataH hamAre pAsa aisA koI nizcita pramANa nahIM hai, jo ki 8vIM zatAbdI se pUrva isa jAti ke astitva ko siddha kare / prArambha meM 17 dezoM ke rAjAoM ke yajJa meM Ane ke kAraNa, unake / 7 gotroM kI utpatti mAnI jAtI hai| kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra agrasena ke 18 putra the, jinake nAma para 18 gotra bane, kintu yaha anumAna galata hai, kyoMki eka hI pitA ke putra paraspara vivAha nahIM karate haiM / sambhavataH rAjAoM ne rAjA agrasena ko pitRvat mAnakara agravAla samAja meM praviSTa honA svIkArA hogaa| agravAloM ke 18 gotra vibhinna rAjAoM ke nAma tathA unake asalI kSatriya gotra ke AdhAra para nava-sRjita huye| gulAbadeva ke mUla kSatriya garga gotra se garga, geMdUmala ke gobhila se gohila gotra, karaNa ke kazyapa gotra se kaMchala, maNipAla ke kauzika gotra se kAMsala, yandeva ke vaziSTha gotra se vidala, drAhakadeva 1. bhapApai, pR0 550 / 2. guNArthI, pR0 56 / 3. bhapApai, pR0 548 / 4. guNArthI, pR0 56 / 5. vahI

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 153 ke dhaumya gotra se Dhelana, siMdhupAla ke zAMDilya se siMghala, jaitra saMdha ke jaiminI gotra se jiMdala, maMtrapati ke maitreya gotra se mittala, taMbolakarNa ke tAMDava gotra se siMgala, tArAcaMdra ke tetariya gotra se tAyala, vIrabhAna ke vatsa gotra se baMsala, vAsudeva ke dhAnyAna gotra se TeraNa, nArasena ke nAgendra gotra se nAgila, amRta sena ke mAMDavya gotra se maMgala, indrasena ke orva gotra se airana, mAdhavasena ke mukula gotra se madhukula aura godhara ke gautama gotra se goina gotra astitva meM Aye / ' prazastiyoM evaM abhilekhoM meM gozala', garga3, siMghala, baMsala' Adi gotra dekhane ko milate haiM / rAjasthAna ke agravAla mUlataH kASThA saMgha se hI sambandhita rhe| (8) narasiMhapurA evaM jAyasavAla jAtiyA~ : narasiMhapurA va jAyasavAla jAtiyA~ digambara sampradAya meM madhyakAla meM mevAr3a ke narasiMhapurA aura jaisalamera sthAnoM se prArambha huii| vibhinna digambara jaina santa ina sthAnoM para jaina mata ke pracAra ke liye gaye aura logoM ke dvArA svIkAra kara lene para ye jAtiyAM astitva meM aaiiN| ina jAtiyoM kA nAmakaraNa sthAna ke AdhAra para huaa| (9) cittaur3A va nAgadA jAtiyA~ : digambara jainoM meM cittaur3A aura nAgadA jAtiyA~ kramazaH cittaur3A aura nAgadA se utpanna huii| ye jAtiyA~ kramazaH madhyakAla meM sambhavataH eka ke bAda eka astitva meM aaii| ina jAtiyoM ke logoM ne madhyakAla meM kaI granthoM kI pratilipiyA~ karavA kara jainAcAryoM ko bheMTa kii| inhoMne mandira evaM mUrtiyoM ke vizAla sthApanA mahotsava bhI Ayojita karavAye / ye mukhyataH bAgar3a ke mUlasaMgha ke bhaTTArakoM se sambandhita the / inake kASThA saMgha se sambandhita hone ke bhI pramANa milate haiN| 15vIM zatAbdI meM bhaTTAraka jinabhUSaNa ne nAgadA jAti para "nAgadaharAsa" likhA / (10) hummar3a jAti : ___ isa jAti kA utpatti sthAna jJAta nahIM hai| saMbhavataH anya jAtiyoM kI taraha yaha 1. guNArthI, pR0 56 / 2. prasa, pR0 85 / 3. vahI, pR0 119 / 4, vahI, pR0 82 / 5. vahI, pR0 97 / 6. jaiirA, pR0 107 / *7. udayapura ke baDA bAjAra ke saMbhavanAtha di0 jai0 ma0 ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM saMgrahIta /

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154 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jejanamaM bhI rAjasthAna ke hI kisI sthAna se utpanna huI hogii| rAjasthAna meM isa jAti ke loga DUMgarapura, bA~savAr3A aura pratApagar3ha, jo ki prAcIna bAgar3a pradeza meM haiM, pAye jAte haiM / ye digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM sampradAyoM meM pAye jAte haiM ye adhikAMzataH kASThA saMgha ke bhaTTArakoM se sambandhita rahe, na ki mUla saMgha ke saath| yaha jAti bhI anya jAtiyoM kI taraha 8vIM zatAbdI meM astitva meM AI pratIta hotI hai / isa jAti ke logoM ne kaI pratimAoM aura mandiroM ke sthApanA samAroha sampanna karavAye / jhAlarApATana kA prasiddha zAntinAtha jaina mandira hummar3a jAti ke sAha pIpA ke dvArA hI nirmita batAyA jAtA hai / " 2 hummar3a jAti kAlAntara meM kaI zAkhAoM aura gotroM meM vibhakta ho gaI / isa jAti kI tIna zAkhAe~ - laghu zAkhA, bRhada zAkhA va varSAvata zAkhA jJAta huI haiM / varSAvata zAkhA saMbhavataH mahArAvala harisiMha ke mantrI varSAzAha se utpanna huI | mahArAvala ke AdezAnusAra usane isa jAti ke 1000 parivAroM ko sAgavAr3A se kothala meM Amantrita kiyA / usane devaliyA meM digambara jaina mandira kA nirmANa kArya bhI prArambha karavAyA / isakA sthApanA samAroha usakI mRtyu ke pazcAt usake putra vardhamAna aura dayAla ke dvArA 1717 I0 meM sampanna huA / isa jAti ke 18 gotra haiM : 3kherajU, kamalezvara, kakar3ezvara, uttarezvara, maMtrezvara, bhImezvara, bhadrezvara, gaNezvara, vizvezvara, saMkhyezvara, ambezvara, cAMcanezvara, somezvara, rajIyAno, lalitezvara, kAMsavezvara, budhevavara aura saMghezvara / (11) dharkaTa vaMza : digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM sampradAyoM meM dharakaTa jAti ke loga pAye jAte haiM ! rAmacandra rAya ne savAI mAdhopura jile meM 10vIM zatAbdI ke digambara matAnuyAyI dharkaTa - parivAroM dvArA khudavAye gaye kucha abhilekha dekhe the / 4 " dhamma parIkkhA" ke lekhaka hariSeNa isa jAti ke hI the, jo 10vIM zatAbdI meM huye / " pazcimI rAjasthAna meM rahane vAle dharkaTa parivAra adhikAMzataH zvetAmbara the / 10vIM zatAbdI ke maNDora myUjiyama ke eka abhilekha meM mAravAr3a ke eka zvetAmbara dharkaTa jaina parivAra kA varNana hai / marukoTa kA 1. ane0, 13, pR0 124 / 2. vahI, pR0 124 / 3. vahI / 4. varadA, 14, aMka 2, pR0 56 / 5. jaisAaui, pR0 468 / 6. jairA, pR058 /

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 155 zreSThI golaka bhI zvetAmbara dharkaTa jaina thaa|' AbU se prApta 1986 I. ke lekha meM eka dharkaTa zvetAmbara parivAra va isI varSa ke eka anya lekha meM jAlaura ke prasiddha dharkaTa maMtrI yazovIra kA nAmollekha hai| isa jAti kA nAmollekha 1230 I0 ke dilavAr3A ke abhilekha meM bhI milatA hai| AbU ke do anya abhilekhoM meM bhI isa jAti kA ullekha hai|5 prArambha meM yaha jAti rAjasthAna meM hI utpanna huI pratIta hotI hai, kintu aba dakSiNa meM bhI yaha dekhane ko milatI hai / "siriujapuriyA thakkaDa kula" Adi hariSeNa dvArA prayukta zabdoM se paM0 nAthUrAma premI kA abhimata hai ki yaha jAti ToMka ke AsapAsa saroMja sthAna para utpanna huii| agaracanda nAhaTA ke anusAra isakI utpatti dhAkaDagar3ha se huI, jahA~ se mahezvarI jAti kI dhAkar3a zAkhA kI bhI utpatti huI hai| isa sthAna ke nirdhAraNa ke sambandha meM inhoMne do prazastiyoM ke pramANa prastuta kiye haiN| (12) zrImor3ha jAti : zrImor3ha Aja bhI bar3I saMkhyA meM haiM / kucha zrImor3ha brAhmaNa bhI haiM, jo apane Apako "zrImor3ha" sthAna kA honA batAte haiN| anhilavAr3A ke nikaTa modherA nAmaka sthAna se saMbhavataH yaha nAma astitva meM aayaa| hemacandra sUri isI jAti meM paidA huye the / isa jAti ke nAmollekha ke abhilekha 12vIM zatAbdI meM dekhane ko milate haiM / (13) gurjara jaina jAti : ___ yadyapi yaha jAti adhikAMzataH gujarAta meM pAI jAtI hai, kintu rAjasthAna meM bhI isa jAti ke ullekha ke kucha lekha prApta hote haiN| bIkAnera ke cintAmaNi mandira aura mandira ke bhUgRha meM surakSita 1300 I0, 1349 I0, 1400 I0 aura 1427 I0 ke cAra pratimA lekhoM meM gurjara jAti kA ullekha hai / 10 ye dhAtu pratimAeM sirohI kI haiN| 1469 I0 ke ArAsaNa jaina mandira ke eka stambha lekha meM bhI isa jAti kA ullekhna hai / 11 vimalavasahi ke 1546 I0 ke eka saMgha yAtrA lekha meM pAlanapura ke saMgha 1. pRthvIrAja cauhAna evaM unakA kAla, pR0 160 / 2. aprajailesa, 55, 57, 125, 150 / 3. vahI, kra0 251, 277 / 4. ane0, 3, pra0 124 / / 5. vhii| 6. jaisAaui, pR0 468 / 7. ane0, 4, pR0 610 / 8. jaina pustaka prasa, kra0 52 evaM 93 / 9. jaiirA, pR0 108 // 10. bIjailesa, kra0 230, 407, 470, 581 / 11. jarA, pR0 62 /

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156 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma ke sAtha eka gurjara jaina parivAra ke bhI Ane kA ullekha hai|' mahopAdhyAya vinaya sAgara dvArA khoje gaye paMcAyatI mandira jayapura ke 1283 I0 jayapura ke padmaprabhu mandira ke 1463 I0 aura sAMgAnera mahAvIra ke mandira ke 1482 I0 pratimA lekhoM meM bhI isa jAti kA ullekha hai| abhilekhoM meM vaNita katipaya anya jAtiyA~ : rAjasthAna meM prApta vibhinna abhilekhoM meM nimna jAtiyoM, kuloM evaM vaMzoM kA ullekha bhI dekhane ko milatA hai(ka) zvetAmbara sampradAya ke antargata : dIsAvAla, mor3havAla, mor3ha', vIravaMza, zrIkula, zrIvaMza', zrI zrIvaMza', kacchaka, kSatrapakula11,gaDAkavaMza12,nAga'3,nAgara, zrI zrImAla15,parabar3I6,bhaheDarA, bhAvasAra, maMtridalIya", vAyaDara, vRddhahumbar3a21, zrI vIrava jJAtIya22, simar3a 23, 1. aprajailesa, saM0 215 / 2. pralesa, kra0 92, 420, 820 / 3. zrI jaipralesa, kra0 54, 345, evaM pralesa kra0 147 / 4. zrI jaipralesa, kra0 364 / 5. pralesa, kra0 608, 861 / 6. zrI jaipralesa, kra0 64, 137, 175 / '7. vahI, kra0 329 / 8. vahI, kra0 26, 44, 189, 339, 324, 361 / 9. pralesa, kra0 547, 561, 692, 747, 951 / 10. vahI, kra0 280 / 11. vahI, kra0 676 / 12. vahI, kra0 895 / 13. vahI, 626 / 14. vahI, kra0 1026 / 15. vahI, pariziSTa 6, pR0 250-251 / 16. vahI, kra0 221 / 17. vahI, kra0 821 18. vahI, kra0 478 / 19. vahI, kra0 596, 597 / 20. vahI, kra0 645, 745, 887 / 22. vahI, kra0 999 / 21. vahI, kra0 1031 / 23. vahI, kra0 91 /

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 157. khahoDAnvaya', chohariyAnvaya', zrAvakAnvaya', sokhulAnvaya / / (kha) digambara sampradAya ke antargata : agrotakAnvaya", gomArADAnvaya', narasiMha, nAgadraha, nAgabhaTTa jAtIya ,bhadrAnvaya', siMhapara' aadi| abhilekhoM meM varNita katipaya anya gotra : vivecya kAla meM mahattvapUrNa jaina jAtiyoM meM pracalita gotroM ke atirikta anya gotra bhI abhilekhoM meM upalabdha hote haiM / 12 (ka) zvetAmbara jaina jAtiyoM ke gotra : aTakara, aMbAI, AirI, AcAimAna, AkadUdhiyA, iToTiyA, ucchavAla, ujarasura, uparaNami, usabha, uhavaDecA, uhasa, kacchaga, kaThavAliyA, kaThiyArA, kanauja, karamadIyA, kAkalavADyA, kAThar3a, khaTavar3a, khATar3a, khATar3A, khAraDa, khAbahI, khAhar3a, khAharaDA,. guhaucA, jUMgaliyA, goduDa, guhilavAla, guMdocA, ghAgha, car3acahyA, caNagIyA, cANa, ciNAliyA, cIpU, cIMcaTa, cupar3a, covaladaga, chIMchor3I, choharyA, jaMDiyA, jAilavAla, jAMDalavAja, jAvar3a, johANecA, Tapa, TaoNka, ThAkura, DIDAvata, DIvaur3A, DeDANA, Domela, Thora, tAtaraTIlA, telahara, thAmalecA, thirUta, thUlla, darar3A, dusAza, desalahara, dosI bohar3a, dhanANecA, naDavIyA, nagaDiyAnA, navala, nahunecA, nAviyAr3A, nAMdecA, parighala, prAjJecA, palhavar3a, pahANecA, paMculI, paMcANecA, pATadar3a, pAtANI, pApar3a, porasANI, pAlaDecA, pAlhAuta, pahila, baDAhaDA, balahi, balAhaDiyA, bahakar3A, bahurA, bAtarUNarU, bAvala, bAhiyA, bUTAr3A, bharaTANA, bharadaba, bahakaTA, bhAMDiyA, bhUrA, bhelaDiyA, maharola, 1. pralesa, kra0 101 / 2. vahI, kra0 100 / 3. vahI, kra0 222 / 4. vahI, kra0 107 / vahI, kra0 833 / 6. vahI, kra0 187 / 7. vahI, kra0 279, 996 / 8. vahI, kra0 662 / 9. vahI, kra0 45 / 10. vahI, kra0 833 / 11. vahI, kra0 120 / 12. dekheM, pralesa, pari0 7 /

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158 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma maMDalecA, maMDorecA, bahurA, mAdaDecA, mAlhU, mAMDutra, musala, mUMdhA, muMDaleha, mohaNecA, rekhANI, roTAgaNa, roharIyA, rohiNeya, rAvhI, laMDikA, lAbhU, lAlaNa, ligA, lUsar3a, letiyA, lolasa, vacchaza, vaDAlaMbiyA, vaNavaTa, vaDhAlA, balaTauNa, viNeliyA, varalava, vahakaTA, vinAyakIyA, vIcUhasa, vIrecA, svayambha, sAula, sAulecA, sAmakaTha, sAlI, sAhiDavAkha, sAhUlA, sAhU sAkha, sAMDa, sAMpuDA, sIkhano, siMghar3a, siMghAr3iyA, sIMdhuDa, sItorecA, sarUA, sethAla, sor3havAla, sona, soparA, haMgaDa Adi / (kha) digambara jaina jAtiyoM ke gotra : utrezvara, kAsina, kAkaDezvara, gaMgAdhA, girilava, dAnIpata, naMdakeratara, paravesaI, budha, koThecA, kAsila, saMpaDiyA, sAvar3a Adi / jainopajIvI jAtiyA~ : (ka) bhojaka yA sevaga : ___ bhojaka yA mAga brAhmaNa, jainiyoM dvArA mAnyatA prApta mahattvapUrNa jAti thI aura isa jAti ke hI pujArI mukhyataH niyukta kiye jAte the| 1179 I0 ke osiyA abhilekha meM mandira meM niyukta kiye gaye bhojaka jAti ke logoM kA ullekha hai|' isa jAti ke loga lambI saMgha yAtrAoM meM bhI jainoM ke sAtha jAte the| isa tathya kI puSTi AbU ke 1560 I0 ke lekha se bhI hotI hai| mAravAr3a se prApta kaI tAmrapatroM meM bhojakoM ko diye gaye anudAnoM ke ullekha milate haiM / jisameM loTANA se mahArAjA ajita siMha kA 1696 I0 kA loTANA kA hI 1704 I0 kA aura mahArAjA jasavanta siMha kA 1692 I0 kA tAmralekha vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai| bhojaka jAti ke loga osavAla jainiyoM se ghaniSTha rUpa se sambandhita the aura vivAhAdi avasaroM para unake liye paurohitya karma karate the| (kha) mahAtmA yA mathaNa : __ yaha jAti bhI jainiyoM se atyadhika ghaniSTha rhii| isa jAti kI utpatti kA spaSTa ullekha nahIM milatA hai / matheNa jAti ke loga kuzala lekhaka hote the va jaina grantha bhaMDAroM ke adhikAMza granthoM kI pratilipiyA~ va kalAkRtiyA~ inhIM ke dvArA racI huI prApta hotI haiM / bIkAnera ke ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAtha mandira ke 1627 I0 aura 1721 I0 ke lekhoM meM matheNa jAti ke vyaktiyoM ke nAmollekha hai / 1426 I0 ke AbU ke lekha meM matheNa 1. nAjailesa, 1, kra0 894 / 2. jairA, pR0 62 / 3. bIjailesa, kra. 24, 25 /

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jainadharma bheda aura upabheda : 159 parivAra ke AbU meM Ane kA ullekha hai|' bIkAnera ke 1703 I0 ke sAmIdAsa ke samAdhi lekha meM usake zvetAmbara jaina paMtha ke kharatara gaccha ke matAnuyAyI hone kA ullekha hai| 'niSkarSa evaM samAlocanA : 1. jaina mata meM pracalita adhikAMza mahattvapUrNa jAtiyoM kI utpatti rAjasthAna meM puurv| madhyakAla meM huii| 2. jAtiyoM ke nAmakaraNa kA AdhAra sAmAnyataH utpatti sthAna rahA / 3. jAtiyoM kI utpatti ke sAtha hI gotra bhI utpanna hue| prArambha se inakI saMkhyA bahuta kama thI, kintu dhIre-dhore sthAna, vyaktiyoM va vyavasAyoM ke AdhAra para inakI saMkhyA vRddhi hotI gii| 4. mUlataH vibhinna kSatriya vaMzoM se jaina jAtiyA~ utpanna huI, kintu bahusaMkhya gotroM ko dekhane para AbhAsa hotA hai ki anya jAtiyA~ bhI jaina mata meM dIkSita huI hoNgii| sambhavataH musalamAnoM ke atyAcAroM se trasta hokara bahuta sI jAtiyoM ne hathiyAra bA~dhana chor3akara, vANijya evaM vyavasAya ko apanAyA / guNArthI ne apanI pustaka meM likhA hai| ki "mIna purANa" bhUmikA ke lekhaka muni magana sAgara ke anusAra musalamAnoM aura anya rAjapUtoM ke atyAcAroM ke kAraNa taMga Akara kaI mINe musalamAna ho gaye aura kaI osavAla samAja meM parivartita ho gaye, jo "bar3agotyA" osavAla ke nAma se prasiddha haiM / "jAti bhAskara', 'jAti anveSaNa" va "zuddhi candrodaya'' meM likhA hai ki osavAla samAja meM kaI gotra unakI asaliyata ke pramANa haiM jaise-coraDiyA (corI, DAkA DAlane vAle), sonI (sunAra), birahaTa (bAreTha va damAmI), chAjiyA (sUpa banAne vAle), teliyA (telI), caMDAliyA (bhaMgI) aura kUkarA (kutte pAlane vAle) the / isI prakAra katipaya gotroM ke bAre meM kaI naI utpatti viSayaka vyAkhyAe~ bhI upa-labdha hotI haiM / kRSi se sambandhita jAtiyA~ va gotra khetapAliyA, dhAnya ko koThAra meM saMcita karane vAle koThArI va nyAtI, anya bhaNDAroM ke svAmI bhaNDazAlI, saMcetI va koThArI kahalAte the| isI prakAra vastra kA vyApAra karane vAle 'doSI", kapAsa ke "kapAsI", goMda ke vyApArI "kummaTa", svarNa ke vyApArI sonI va hiraNa, sone ke kAvaDiyA, phadiyA va gadhaiyA sikkoM ke vyApArI kramazaH kAvar3iyA, phirodiyA va gadaiyA, sabhI sikkoM ke vyApArI nAnAvaTI, ghI ke ghiyA, namaka ke lUNiyA, hIMga ke hIMgar3a, 1. ajailesa, kra0 176 / 2. bIjalesa, kra0 1973, 1974 / 3. guNArthI, pR0 59 / 4. jaisarA, pR0 352-353 /

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.160 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma jahAjoM se vyApAra karane vAle botharA, raMkU nAmaka bakarI ke bAloM ke kambaloM ke vyApArI rAMkA va jarI ke vyApArI paTanA huye / 5. gotroM ke atirikta sabhI jAtiyoM meM, dassA va bIsA yA laghuzAkhA evaM bRhatta zAkhA, choTe sAjana va bar3e sAjana, bar3A sAtha va lor3hA sAtha nAmaka prabheda bhI dRSTigata hote haiN| jAti se pRthak apekSAkRta nIcI jAti kI strI se vivAha karane para unakI saMtati "dassA" (Adhe jaina) tathA zuddha samUha svayaM ko bIsA yA bar3A mAnane lagA / zUdra jAtiyoM kI striyoM se vivAhoparAnta utpanna saMtati pAMcA (cauthAI jaina) bhI kahalAtI thii| 6. abhilekhIya pramANoM se siddha hotA hai ki naye gotroM kI utpatti ke sAtha hI kAlakrameNa katipaya gotra lupta bhI ho gaye, jaise-osavAla jAti meM dhora, cA~da, bikADiyA, bharatarA, guMDAliyA, bhUrA Adi / anya jAtiyoM meM bhI yahI sthiti rahI / 7. abhilekhIya pramANoM se yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki katipaya gotroM ke vyakti adhika artha sampanna evaM dharmaniSTha the| surANA, kAMkariyA, tAter3a, varaDiyA, nAhara, bAphanA, rAMkA, caMDAliyA, navalakhA, DAMgI, nAhaTA, saMcetI, kaTAriyA, pAmecA, lor3hA, copar3A, bachAvata, bhaNDArI, koThArI, botharA, seThiyA, muhanota, siMghavI Adi ke ullekha ke adhika abhilekha upalabdha hote haiN| 8. pUrvavartI kAla meM mAhezvarI jAti ke kucha gotra jainoM se sambaddha the, jinhoMne pAzcAtvartI kAla meM punaH zaiva mata grahaNa kara liyA / kharatara gaccha paTTAvalI ke anusAra jinadatta sUri ne bIkamapura meM kaI mahezvarI parivAroM ko jaina mata meM dIkSA dI thii| maMDovarA, devapurA, maMtrI, khAToda, nyAtI Adi gotra vAle pahale jaina hI the, kyoMki kaI pratimAlekhoM meM inakA ullekha milatA hai| 9. jaina mata meM jAtiyoM kA udaya rAjakIya prazraya meM huaa| adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM rAjA ne jaina mata svIkAra kiyA, tadanantara prajA ne bhI jaina mata meM dIkSita hokara vibhinna gotroM kA nirmANa kiyaa| 10. bhaNDArI, koThArI Adi gotra vibhinna jAtiyoM meM pAye jAte haiM / isase spaSTa hai ki vyavasAya va kArya gotra nirmANa kA pramukha AdhAra thaa| AvAsa, pravAsa ke kAraNa bhI pUgala se Ane vAle pUMgaliyA, mer3atA ke mer3atiyA Adi kahalAye / katipaya kSatriya jAtiyoM ne dharmAntaraNa ke bAvajUda mUla gotra banAye rakhA, jaise-sonigarA, sisodiyA, hayDiyA zrAvaka Adi / 11. jainamata meM jAtiyoM kI utpatti kA zreya jainAcAryoM dvArA diye gaye pratibodha ko hai| caturvidha saMgha meM bheda-prabheda va phUTa ke kAraNa laghu samUhoM meM ApasI pratispardhA 1. kharatara gaccha paTTAvalI, pR0 24 /

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jainadharmaM bheda aura upabheda : 161 rahane se adhikAdhika mandiroM va mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA huI tathA vipula sAhitya sRjita huA / isase madhyakAla meM jainadharma samRddha banA rahA / apane-apane mata ko satya va dharma ke AdarzoM kA rakSaka batAne ke saMgharSa meM, pArthiva pratimAnoM meM atyadhika saMkhyA vRddhi huI / 12. jainadharma ke bhedopabhedoM se jaina mAnyatAoM yA muni AcAra meM koI vizeSa parivartana nahIM huA, kintu digambara- zvetAmbara AcAra para gambhIra prabhAva par3A / zvetAmbara sampradAya meM muniyoM dvArA na kevala vastra grahaNa kI mAtrA bar3hI, apitu tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM meM bhI kaupIna kA cihna pradarzita kiyA jAne lagA tathA mUrtiyoM kA A~kha, aMgI, mukuTa dvArA alaMkaraNa bhI prArambha ho gayA / ye pravRttiyA~ 8vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva nahIM thIM / 13. caityavAsI prathA prArambha meM zAstroM ke paThana-pAThana va sAhitya sRjana kI suvidhA ke lie prArambha huI pratIta hotI hai, kintu dhIre-dhIre yaha sAdhu varga kI sthAyI jIvana praNAlI banane se parigraha mUlaka aura AcaraNa zaithilya kA kAraNa bana gaI / 14. caityavAsI prathA kA eka bar3A lAbha yaha huA ki ina gAdiyoM aura maThoM meM vizAla zAstra bhaNDAra sthApita ho gaye aura ye vidyAbhyAsa ke sudRr3ha kendra bana gaye / 9 vI va 10vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt inhIM sthAnoM para vipula sAhitya viracita huA / isI upayogitA ke kAraNa bhaTTAraka gAdiyA~ kaI nagaroM meM sthApita huIM va anekoM maMdiroM meM zAstra bhaNDAra sthApita huye / 15. 15vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt utpanna paMtha jainadharma meM krAMtikArI siddha hue, kyoMki vartamAna meM adhikAMza jaina matAvalambI inhIM ke antargata vibhakta dikhAI dete haiM / 11

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adhyAya caturtha jaina tIrtha madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM meM Atmazuddhi, Atma kalyANa evaM pUjya tIrthaMkaroM kI vaMdanArtha tIrtha** yAtrA kI mAnyatA vizeSa lokapriya thI / tIrtha zabda se una sabakA vyavahAra hotA hai, jo pAra karane meM sAdhaka haiN| kucha prAcIna jainAcAryoM ne tIrtha ke sthAna para "kSetramaMgala" zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / 2 "tIrtha" zabda "tIrtha kSetra" yA "kSetramaMgala' ke artha meM bahupracalita evaM rUr3ha hai| sampUrNa tIrtha kSetroM ko saMracanA meM bhaktoM kI pUjya puruSoM ke prati kRtajJatA kI bhAvanA hI mUla kAraNa hai / jaina samAja meM 3 prakAra ke tIrtha kSetroM kI mAnyatA kA pracalana hai ** tIrtha zabda "tR" dhAtu se niSpanna huA hai| "tR" dhAtu ke sAya "thak' pratyaya lagAne se tIrtha zabda kI niSpatti hotI hai / "tIyante anena Asmin vA" / arthAt jisake AdhAra se tarA jAya / jaina zAstroM meM tIrtha zabda kA prayoga aneka arthoM meM kiyA gayA hai, yathA : saMsArAbdherapArasya taraNe tIrthamiSyate / ceSTitaM jinanAthAnAM tasyoktistIrthasaMkathA / -jinasenakRta AdipurANa 418 arthAt jo isa apAra saMsAra-samudra se pAra kare, use tIrtha kahate haiM / aisA tIrthajinendra bhagavAn kA caritra hI ho sakatA hai| ataH usake kathana karane ko tIrthaAkhyAna kahate haiM / 'bRhatsvayaMbhU-stotra" meM mallinAtha kI stuti karate huye AcArya samantabhadra ne unake tIrtha ko janma-maraNa rUpa samudra meM DUbate hue prANiyoM ke lie pramukha taraNapatha batAyA hai / puSpadaMta bhUtabali praNIta "SaTkhaMDAgama" (bhAga 8, pR0 91) meM tIrthakara-ko dharmatIrtha kartA batAyA hai / "AdipurANa" meM zreyAMsakumAra ko dAna tIrtha kA kartA batAyA hai| "AdipurANa' meM (2/39) mokSa prApti ke upAyabhUta samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyak cAritra ko tIrtha batAyA hai / "Avazyaka-niyukti" meM cAturvarNa arthAt muni, sAdhviyoM, zrAvaka, zrAvikA, isa caturvidha saMgha ko tIrtha mAnA hai| 1. bhAdijaitI, 4, pR0 10 / 2. SaTkhaMDAgama, prathama khaMDa, pR0 28 /

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jaina tIrtha : 163 1. siddha kSetra yA nirvANa kSetra-ve kSetra jahAM kisI tIrthakara yA muni kA nirvANa hI huA hai| 2. kalyANaka kSetra-jahA~ kisI tIrthaMkara kA garbha, janma, dIkSA aura kevalya jJAna kalyANaka huA ho| 3. atizaya kSetra yA camatkArI tIrtha-jahA~ kisI mandira yA mUrti meM koI camatkAra dikhAI de / sAmAnyataH lokabhAvanA evaM anuzrutiyA~ hI inakI mAnyatA kI kasauTI haiN| __madhyakAla meM tIrtha yAtrA ke liye saMghapati ke netRtva meM, jainAcAryoM ke sAtha, cAturvidhasaMgha yAtrAyeM hAthI, ghor3e, ratha, gAr3I Adi ke dvArA sampanna kI jAtI thiiN| kabhI-kabhI inakA sampUrNa vyaya bar3e zreSThiyoM ke dvArA bhI vahana kiyA jAtA thaa| rAjasthAna meM jaina tIrthoM kA bAhulya dekhane ko milatA hai / ataH saMghoM dvArA eka hI yAtrA-cakra meM vibhinna tIrthoM ke darzanoM hetu, choTe kSetroM ke tIrthoM ke samUha ko 'paMcatIrthI' kI saMjJA de dI gaI hai| rAjasthAna kI kucha paMcatIthiyA~ nimnalikhita haiM : 1. mAravAr3a ko bar3I paMcatIrthI--isakA kendra sthala sAdar3I (mAravAr3a) hai / isake antargata raNakapura, muMchAlA mahAvIra, nADalAI, nADaula aura varakANA pArzvanAtha tIrtha haiN| 2. mAravAr3a kI choTI paMcatIrthI--AbU kSetra meM piMDavAr3A se mAravAr3a kI choTI aura bar3I paMcatIrthI kI jAtI hai / choTI paMcatIrthI meM nANA, diyANA, nAMdiyA, varamANa aura ajArI tIrtha haiN| 3. mevAr3a kI paMcatIrthI--isake antargata kesariyA jI, nAgadA, delavAr3A, dayAlazAha kA kilA aura karer3A tIrtha mAne jAte haiN| 4. jaisalamera kI paMcatIrthI--isake antargata jaisalamera, ludravA, amarasara, devIkoTa va barasalapura Ate haiN| rAjasthAna meM na to siddha kSetra haiM aura na kalyANaka kSetra hI, kevala atizaya va camatkArika tIrtha haiM / kucha jaina smAraka evaM maMdira kalAtmaka mAnyatA evaM bhavyatA ke kAraNa "kalAtIrtha" kI saMjJA se bhI vibhUSita kiye jAte haiN| sAmpradAyika sauhArdra ke pUrNa abhAva ke kAraNa kucha tIrthoM para zvetAmbara va digambara meM adhikAra ko lekara vivAda hai, jaise-kesariyA jI Adi / pUrva madhyakAla ke katipaya bahu-lokamAnya tIrtha yA to muslima vidhvaMsa kA zikAra ho gaye yA kAlagarta meM lupta ho gaye / AsthAvAn jainAcAryoM evaM zrAvakoM ne katipaya ko punarpratiSThita bhI karavAyA / rAjasthAna ke jaina tIrtha, prabhAvanA kI dRSTi se hI nahIM, apitu jaina mandira nirmANa kalA, mUrtikalA, sthApatya, vividha jinAyatanoM, zilAlekhoM, mUrtilekhoM, vibhinna smArakoM, sAhityika kendroM, zikSA kendroM evaM zAstra bhaNDAroM ke 1. jaisarA, pR0 196 /

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164 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma liye bhI ullekhanIya haiM / rAjasthAna ke jaina tIrthoM ko upekSita karake isa pradeza ke sAMskRtika itihAsa kA sRjana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / (a) pUrva madhyakAla : 1. AbU tIrtha : sirohI jile ke dakSiNI bhAga meM, marUtharA kI dakSiNI-pazcimI goda meM sthita AbU eka parvatIya sthala hai, jo rAjasthAna ke rIr3ha stambha arAvalI parvata kI siramaura zAkhA hai: evaM gurU zikhara ( 5653 " ) isakI sabase U~cI coTI hai / 30 ki0 mI0 lambe va 12 ki0 mI0 caur3e isa parvata ke nAma para, isa sthAna para kAlakrama meM eka bastI kA AvirbhAva huA / dvitIya zatAbdI pUrva ke sA~cI ke abhilekha meM varNita "aboda' sambhavataH AbU hI thA / pUrva madhyakAla se hI yaha sthAna " delavAr3A" kahA jAne lagA | mAunTa AbU kI vizeSa khyAti delavAr3A ke jaina mandiroM se hai, jo yahA~ ke basa sTaoNpa se lagabhaga Der3ha mIla dUra hai| karnala TaoNDa ke anusAra delavAr3A " devalavAr3A" kA saMkSipta rUpa hai, jisakA artha hai "devAlayoM" kA sthAna; isIliye yahA~ ke vizvavizruta mandiroM ke samUha ko yaha nAma diyA gayA / yahA~ ke mandiroM ke samUha meM 5 mandira haiM, tathA kucha dUrI para sthita acalagar3ha meM 4 mandira haiM / AbU rAjasthAna ke itihAsa, saMskRti aura purAtattva kA triveNI saMgama hai / yahA~ ke mandira apanI takSaNa kalA, dhAtu pratimAoM, vAstu kalA tathA zilAlekhoM kI viziSTatA ke kAraNa mahatvapUrNa haiM | "dIpArNava'", zilpArNava", zilparatnAkara ", " prAsAda maMDana " Adi zilpa zAstra ke pracalita grantha ina mandiroM ko Adarza namUne mAnate haiM / AbU 1032 I0 se pUrva hI jaina tIrtha thA / Aryabhadra bAhusvAmI viracita "bRhat kalpasUtra" meM isakA tIrthaM sthAna ke rUpa meM ullekha hai / "vividha tIrthaM mAlA " ( isameM ullekha hai ki mahAvIra ke 10 veM paTTadhara " Arya susthita" AbU kI tIrthayAtrA ke liye gaye the / ) evaM " upadeza saptatikA" (isameM ullekha hai ki pahalI zatAbdI IsvI meM pAdaliptasUri nityaprati AkAza gAminI vidyA ke dvArA AbU sahita pA~ca tIrtha sthAnoM kI yAtrA karake darzana prApta karate the / ) meM bhI yaha tIrtha kSetra ke rUpa meM varNita hai / 1369 I0 ke eka abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra arbuda bhUmi para padhAre the| aisA vizvAsa hai ki bar3agaccha ke saMsthApaka udyotanasUri 937 I0 meM 1. esiTArA, pR0 449 / 2. da monyUmeMTa oNpha sA~cI, bhAga 1, pR0 300 // 3. TaoNDa -- Trevalsa ina vesTarna iMDiyA, pR0 106 ( hindI anuvAda) | 4. esiTArA, pR0 450 /

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jaina tIrtha : 165 bAbU Aye the / ' ina saba tathyoM se pramANita hotA hai ki AbU 1032 I0 se pUrva bhI eka jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM mAnyatA prApta thaa| AcArya jinaprabha sUri ne "arbudAdrikalpa" kI racanA kI hai, jisameM arbudAcala kSetra kA itihAsa aura mandira nirmANa kA varNana hai / bhaTTAraka jJAnasAgara ne bho "sarva tIrtha vaMdanA" meM AbU tIrtha kI atyadhika prazaMsA kI hai| (ka) vimala vasahi : yaha mandira 1031 I0 meM gujarAta ke mahArAjA bhImadeva solaMkI ke mahAmAtya poravAr3a vaMzI vimalazAha ne banavAyA thaa| ye AbU maMDala (candrAvatI prAnta) ke daNDanAyaka the evaM usa samaya AbU para rAjA dhuMghuka kA zAsana thA, jo bhImadeva ke sAmanta ho gaye the / vimalazAha niHsantAna the tathA jIvana kI antima avasthA meM candrAvatI evaM acalagar3ha hI inakA nivAsa sthAna rhaa| apane guru AcArya dharmaghoSa sUri ke upadeza se inhoMne yaha prasiddha AdinAtha mandira bnvaayaa| isase pUrva bhI isa sthAna para koI jaina tIrtha rahA hogA, tabhI to AcArya dharmadhoSa sUri ne inako Adeza diyA ki "tU AbU tIrtha kA uddhAra kara / "5 isa mandira kI pratiSThA 1031 I0 meM AcArya vardhamAna sUri ke dvArA sampanna huI, ataeva mandira nirmANa kArya bahuta pahale hI zurU ho gayA hogaa| jaina mAnyatAnusAra isa mandira ke nirmANa para 18 karoDa 53 lAkha rupaye vyaya haye / yaha sambhava bhI hai, kyoMki 4 karor3a, 53 lAkha 60 hajAra rupaye to svarNa mudrAe~ bichAkara jamIna prApta karane meM hI vyaya ho gaye the / mandira kA vistAra 155492 phITa hai / isameM nirmita garbhagRha, sabhA maMDapa, stambha, devakulikA, hastizAlA Adi 11vIM zatAbdI ke zilpa-siddhAnta ke 1. jaiirA, pR0 58 / 2. vitIka, pR0 15 / 3. AbUgar3ha abhirAma, kAma tribhuvana mA~ sAre / zrI jina bimba aneka, samasta bhava jala tAre // jinavara bhuvana vizAla, dekhata pApa paNAse / kahe tA~ na lahU~ pAra karma ananta vinAse // AbUnI racanA prabala dekhata janamana ullesa / brahma jJAna sAgara vadati mujhamana jina caraNe base / / 4. ojhA, sirohI rAjya, pR0 61 / 5. jayanta vijaya, AbU, 1, pR0 29-30 / 6. vahI, pR0 33 /

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166 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharmaM anurUpa haiM, evaM isa zatAbdI ke adhikatama mandiroM kI bhA~ti bhuvanezvara praNAlI ke pratIka haiM / mukhya dIvAroM ke andara kI ora kinAre-kinAre deva kulikAe~ haiM, jo jaina sthApatya ke anusAra bAvana jinAlaya kahe jAte haiM / pratyeka jinAlaya meM praveza dvAra ke samakSa U~cI vedI para 24 tIrthaMkaroM meM se eka tathA unake Azrita deva / deviyoM kI anya pratimAe~ sthita haiM / do-do khambhoM ke madhya meM stambhoM ke anurUpa TikI huI meharAboM se pratyeka jinAlaya ke liye pRthaka eka maMDapikA sI bana jAtI hai / pratyeka vibhAga para meharAbadAra athavA capaTI chatoM ke kAraNa ye aura bhI spaSTa dikhAI detI haiM / parvata ke nIce vAle bhAga jhAlIvAba ke zveta saMgamaramara se sampUrNa mandira nirmita hai / mandira kA bAhya svarUpa sAdagI pUrNa hai, kintu antaHbhAga meM stambha, chateM, maNDapa Adi kI bArIka takSaNa kalA sarvotkRSTa hai / vibhinna jaina matAvalambiyoM dvArA bhinna-bhinna devakulikAoM kA nirmANa karavAne se pratyeka kI sajAvaTa meM bhinnatA spaSTa dRSTigata hotI hai, parantu sampUrNa nirmita saMracanA yaha pramANita karatI hai ki isakI nirmANa yojanA eka hI mastiSka kI upaja rahI hogI / yadyapi jinAlayoM kI vediyA~ sAdagIpUrNa haiM, lekina stambhoM evaM chatoM para dhana, zrama, kauzala aura abhiruci kA khulakara prayoga huA hai / chatoM ke sUkSma takSaNa ko dekhakara aisI pratIti hotI hai ki yaha saMgamaramara patthara kI na hokara sapheda kAgaja yA plAsTika kI ho, jise zilpakAra ne chenI se nahIM, apitu kaiMcI se kATakara sughar3atA se nirmita kiyA ho / jinAlayoM ke sammukha cAroM ora dohare stambhoM kI maMDapAkAra pradakSiNA haiM / isake bAda vizAla prAMgaNa ke ThIka madhya meM mukhya mandira / pUrva kI ora se praveza karane para hastizAlA (25 x 30 phITa) hai / isake Age 25 phITa lambA-caur3A mukha maNDapa haiM | usase Age devakuloM kI paMkti va bhamiti aura uparokta varNita pradakSiNA maNDapa hai / tatpazcAt mukhya mandira kA 48 stambhoM kI kumbhikAoM para TikA huA raMgamaNDapa milatA hai, jisakA gola zikhara 24 stambhoM para AdhArita hai / pratyeka stambha ke agrabhAga para tirache zilApaTTa Aropita haiM, jo usa bhavya chata ko dhAraNa karate haiM / chata kI padmazilA ke madhya meM bane huye lolaka kI kArIgarI advitIya aura kalA ke itihAsa meM vikhyAta hai / uttarottara choTe hote huye candramaNDaloM (dadarI ) yukta kaMculaka, kArIgarI sahita 16 vidyAdhAriyoM kI AkRtiyAM atyanta manohArI hai / raMgamaNDapa ko racanA va utkIrNana kA kauzala devaloka jaisA AbhAsa detA hai / raMgazAlA se Age navacaukI hai / chata ke (9) nau vibhAgoM ke kAraNa yaha nAma rakhA gayA hai / isase Age gUDhamaNDapa hai, jahA~ se mukhya pratimA kA darzana-vandana kiyA jAtA hai / isake sammukha garbhagRha meM eka OMcI vedI para saptadhAtu nirmita mUla nAyaka AdinAtha kI vizAla mUrti hai / isa pratimA meM netra hIroM se nirmita haiM, jo svayaM hI prakAzavAn haiM / garbhagRha evaM samasta jinAlayoM ke ke Upara zikhara bane huye haiM, evaM sarvatra sUkSma zilAMkana kI chaTA puSpa, latikAeM, tIrthaMkara

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- - - - jaina tIrtha : 167 kI mAtA ke 14 svapna, neminAtha kI bArAta, zAsana devatAoM Adi ke aMkana se maNDita hai| yahA~ ko durlabha paMcadhAtu pratimAe~, tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~, devI-devatA, yakSa, kinnara, bhairava, gandharva kI mUrtiyA~ Adi mUrtikalA ke zreSTha namUne haiM / chatoM meM puSpoM ke takSaNa kA vaividhya itanA kalAtmaka, surucipUrNa aura saundaryamaya hai, ki nirjIva pASANa bhI sajIva pratIta hote haiN| vastutaH yahA~ kI kalA meM soddezyatA dRSTigata hotI hai / mUlanAyaka ke dAhinI aura A~gana ke dakSiNa-pazcima kone meM ambikA kA mandira sthita hai, jo isa jinAlaya se bhI prAcIna batAyA jAtA hai / isake bAhara bhairava, kSetrapAla apane vAhana zvAna ke sAtha citrita hai| pAsa hI vizAla kakSa meM neminAtha kI vizAla mUrti hai, jo eka hI saMgamaramara ke patthara se banI huI hai / mandira ke sAmane azvArUr3ha vimalazAha kI mUrti hai / pIche vimalazAha kA bhatIjA baiThA hai / mUrti ke Upara vaibhava kA pratIka chatra bhI lagA huA hai| mUrti ke cAroM ora dasa, kArIgarI evaM AbhUSaNoM se yukta, gajArohiyoM kI mUrtiyA~ nirmita haiN| mandira ke daravAje para 1149 I0 meM nirmita hastizAlA hai, jise vimalazAha ke vaMzaja-veDhaka, Anandaka, pRthvIpAla, dhIraka, laharaka evaM nInaka nAmaka puruSoM ne banavAyA thaa| isake atirikta eka hAthI paramAra jagadeva ne tathA dUsarA 1180 I0 meM mahAmAtya dhanapAla ne banavAyA thaa| sabhI hAthiyoM para prArambha meM mUrtiyAM rahI hoMgI, kintu vartamAna meM kevala tIna hI avaziSTa haiM / isa hastizAlA ke bAhara mahArAva lUNDhA (lumbhA, luDhakarNa-devar3A cauhAna) ke do zilAlekha haiN| isa mandira kA kucha hissA 1311 I0 meM musalamAna AkramaNakAriyoM ne tor3a diyA thA / ataH 1221 I0 meM mAMDavyapura (maMDora) ke nivAsI gosala ke putra dhanasiMha evaM bhAI bhImA ke putroM bIjar3a, mahaNasiMha Adi ne isa mandira kA jIrNoddhAra krvaayaa| dharmaghoSa sUri kI paramparA ke AcArya jJAnasundara sUri ne isakI pratiSThA kii| gujarAta ke rAjA baghela sAraMgadeva ke samaya kA 1293 I0 kA bhI eka zilAlekha isa mandira kI dIvAra para hai| vimalazAha ke vaMzaja hemaratna aura dazaratha ne 1144 I0 meM mandira ke kakSa kI marammata krvaaii|' pRthvIpAla ne 1147 I0 aura usake putra dhanapAla ne 1188 I0 meM kaI kakSoM kA punanirmANa krvaayaa| isa mandira meM choTe-bar3e kula 249 lekha haiN| inameM sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa 1321 I0 ko prazasti hai / 1. ojhA, sirohI rAjya, pR0 62 / 2. 1315 I0 kA lekha evaM 1316 I0 suraha lekha / 3. jinaprabhasUri, tIrthakalpa / 4. tIrtharAja AbU, pR0 42 / 5. vahI, pR0 41 / 6. vhii| 7. inakA saMgraha aprajailesa meM hai| 8. aprajailesa, bhAga 1, kra0 7 / 8. atra

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168 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadhamaM 42 zlokoM kI isa prazasti meM mandira ke jIrNoddhAra evaM pratiSThA ke atirikta nADola ke cauhAna rAjA AsarAva se lekara mahArAva lumbhA evaM tejasiMha taka kA vaMza - vRkSa diyA gayA hai / AbU ke cauhAnoM kI vaMzAvalI kI isa jAnakArI ke atirikta isa lekha meM gujarAta ke solaMkI rAjAoM evaM AbU ke paramAra rAjAoM ke viSaya meM bhI paryApta jAnakArI milatI hai / 1293 I0 ke lekha ke anusAra vimalavasahi evaM lUNavasahi mandiroM kI vyavasthA kA sArA bhAra AbU ke ThAkuroM para DAlA gyaa| saMskRta mizrita rAjasthAnI gadya meM likhita isa lekha meM, baghelA rAjA sAraMgadeva ke mANDalika bIsaladeva ne hAtha jor3akara yaha likhA hai ki unakI vaMza paramparA kA koI bhI vyakti isa dAnapatra kA ullaMghana na kre| yAtriyoM kI jAna-mAla kI surakSA kI vyavasthA tathA yAtriyoM kI sAmagrI kho jAne para punarbharaNa kA dAyitva bhI sarakAra kA hogA / AjJApatra sarvasammati se sarvagrAhya banAyA gayA thA / (kha) laNavasahi ( laNasiMha vasati ) : AbU kA jagatprasiddha dUsarA mandira isake mUlanAyaka ke nAma se neminAtha mandira bhI kahalAtA hai / isakA nirmANa dholakA ke solaMkI rAjA vIradhavala ke mahAmaMtrI vastupAla aura tejapAla ne karavAyA thA / tejapAla kI dharmapatnI anupamA devI candrAvatI ke zreSThI gAMgA ke putra dharaNiga kI putrI thI, jisase tejapAla ke lAvaNya siMha nAmaka putra thA / usI kI smRti evaM kalyANa ke liye, gujarAta ke solaMkI rAjA bhImadeva (dvitIya) ke sAmaMta, paramAra rAjA sobhAsiMha kI anumati se isa mandira kA nirmANa karavAyA gayA thA / yaha mandira vimala vasahi ke samIpa hI sthita hai / mandira kI pratiSThA nAgendra gaccha ke AcArya vijayasena sUri ne 1230 I0 ke madhya karavAI / mandira kI lAgata 12 karor3a 53 lAkha rupaye thI / isa mandira kA vinyAsa va racanA bhI prAyaH AdinAtha mandira ke sadRza hai / yahA~ bhI usI prakAra kA prAMgaNa, devakula tathA stambha maMDapoM kI paMkti vidyamAna hai / pRthaktA yaha hai ki isakI hastizAlA prAMgaNa ke bAhara na hokara andara hI hai | raMgamaMDapa, navacaukI, gUDhamaMDapa aura garbhagRha kI racanA pUrvokta prakAra kI hI hai, kintu yahA~ raMgamaMDapa ke stambha kucha adhika U~ce haiM aura pratyeka stambha kI banAvaTa va kArIgarI bhinna-bhinna hai / maMDapa kI chata choTI hai, kintu racanA va utkIrNana kA saundarya vimala sahi se kisI prakAra bhI kama nahIM hai / isa mandira ke gUr3ha maNDapa ke donoM pAvoM meM do bhavya, nakkAzIdAra gokhar3e haiM, jo devarAnI va jiThAnI ke gokhar3e kahalAte haiM / inheM tejapAla ne apanI dUsarI patnI suhar3A devI ke smaraNArtha, savA lAkha rupaye kI lAgata se 1. aprajailesa, pR0 8-10 2. bhAdijaitI, 4, pR0 131-132 /

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jaina tIrtha : 169 taiyAra karavAyA thA / gokhar3oM kI pratiSThA 1240 I0 meM huii| mandira ke pRSThabhAga ke 'mukha maNDapa meM 10 khaMDa kI hastizAlA hai, jisameM pratyeka meM saMgamaramara kA eka eka hAthI hai / hAthiyoM ke pIche vastupAla, tejapAla evaM anya parivAra janoM kI Adama-kada mUrtiyAM nirmita haiM / mandira ke bAhara eka bagIce meM dAdA sAhaba kI pAdukAe~ aura eka stambha nirmita hai / 1321 I0 ke alAuddIna khilajI ke jAlaura AkramaNa ke samaya, yahA~ bhI kucha kSati huI thI / pethar3a ne 1321 I0 meM hI isakI marammata va jIrNoddhAra krvaayaa| isa mandira kI 1230 I0 meM somezvara dvArA racita 74 zlokoM kI prazasti, somapurA kelaNa ke putra, dhAMdhala ke putra candrezvara ke dvArA utkIrNa hai| sarasvatI vandanA va vItarAga vandanA ke pazcAt, pATaNa ke solaMkI rAjAoM kI prazasti, tatpazcAt maMdira nirmAtAoM kA vaMza vaibhava, vaziSTha RSi kA yajJa, paramAra dhUmarAja kI utpatti evaM vaMza paramparA, vastupAla, tejapAla ke caritra kI vistRta carcA anupamA devI ke vaMza kA varNana Adi haiM / isake atirikta isameM gujarAta ke solaMkI rAjA kumArapAla, mAlavapati ballAla, koMkaNI rAjA mallikArjuna ke sandarbha, paramAra dhArA-varSa va usake choTe bhAI prahalAdanadeva ko vIratA tathA vidvattA, mevAr3a ke sAmanta siMha evaM gujarAta ke solaMko rAjA ajayapAla ke bIca yuddha tathA tejapAla ko vyApAra-kuzalatA, kUTanIti, prabandha 'paTutA, evaM dAnazIlatA kA paricaya milatA hai| yaha lekha usa samaya samAja ke vidyA prema, dAnabhAva, evaM dharmaniSThA para bhI prakAza DAlatA hai / ' 1230 ke hI eka anya saMskRta gadya lekha meM mandira kI vyavasthA ke nimitta AbU ke parimaNDala ke gAMvoM ko jimmedAra banAyA gayA hai| tatkAlIna parihAra rAjaputroM, AbU ke tapodhanI gAMgulI brAhmaNoM evaM rAThI laukikoM para rakSA kA bhAra DAlA gayA thaa| yaha lekha tatkAlIna samAja vyavasthA para prakAza DAlatA hai ki mandira sabhI samAja ke logoM ke lie rakSaNIya vastu hotA hai / isake alAvA isa lekha meM AbU ke usa samaya ke AzramoM, rAjAoM, rAjaputroM, prajA, goSThiyoM ke sadasyoM kI nAmAvaliyoM, gA~voM ke nAmoM, candrAvatI ke zreSThiyoM tathA vibhinna gAMvoM meM osavAloM evaM poravAloM kI bastiyoM kA patA lagatA hai| lUNavasahi mandira kA sUtradhAra zolanadeva thaa| mandira ke gumbajadAra khelA maMDapa, chatoM para triSaSTizalAkApuruSoM ke AkhyAna, phalaphUla, bela-bUTe, nartaka-nartakiyA~, vAdaka dala, pazu-pakSI, jalacara, rAjadarabAra, bArAta, vivAha prasaMga, saMnyAsa jIvana kI gauravamayI paramparA, yuddha vidyA ke vibhinna AyAma yathA malla vidyA, zastrAbhyAsa, 1. tIrtharAja AbU, pR0 112 / 2. asAvai, pR0 13-18 / 3. vhii|

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170 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jenadhamaM ghur3asavArI, gajArohaNa, rathayAtrA, sainya saMcAlana ke dRzya, nRsiMha, avatAra, kAliyA damana, kRSNa janma ke prAcInatama utkIrNana, madya goSThI Adi dRzyoM ke citraNa, takSaNa-kalA, kurAI kI bArIkI kI dRSTi se anupama haiM / uparokta donoM maMdira bhuvanezvara zailI ke haiM, jisameM zikharoM kI U~cAI kama hotI hai / sambhavataH AbU para bhUkampa ke jhaTake Ate rahane ke kAraNa bhI zikhara kama U~cAI ke rakhe gaye / bAhara se ye mandira atyanta sAmAnya, kintu andara pASANI vaibhava kI bhavyatA saMjoye hue haiM / vimalavasahi kI kurAI meM manuSya jIvana se sambandha rakhane vAle zreSTha prasaMga ukere gaye haiM, to lUNavasahi meM alaMkaraNoM kI pradhAnatA hai / inake racanA saundarya kI prazaMsA karate hue phargusana ne likhA hai, "yahA~ saMgamaramara patthara para jisa paripUrNatA, lAlitya aura alaMkaraNa kI zailI se kAma kiyA gayA hai, usakI anya kahIM bhI upamA milanA kaThina hai / "" zrI eca0 kosena ne likhA hai " saMgamaramara kA patalA aura pAradarzI chilake kI bhAMti, patthara kI takSaNa kalA anya jagahoM kI kalA se kahIM Age bar3ha jAtI hai, aura usameM utkIrNa aMza sundaratA ke svapna dikhAI dete haiM / aisI sundaratA lAne kA rahasya yaha batAyA jAtA hai ki zilpakAra ko ghisakara nikAle gaye cUrNaM ke pramANa se vetana diyA jAtA thA / mandira kI takSaNa mUrtiyoM ke AdhAra para hama usa kAla kI veSa-bhUSA, rIti-rivAjoM kI jAnakArI prApta karate haiM / saMgIta aura nRtya kI mUrtiyA~ nATya zAstra ke AdhAra para nirmita haiM | karnala TaoNDa ne ina maMdiroM ko dekhakara kahA thA, "inakA varNana karanA lekhanI ko apamAnita karanA hai | kisI bhI dhairyavAna kalAkAra kI vartanI kitanA hI kara cukAkara bhI aisA kArya nahIM kara sakatI / " vaha Age kahatA hai, kalAtmaka sampannatA kI dRSTi se gaoNthika vAstukalA kI zailI kA koI bhI alaMkaraNa isakI tulanA kA nahIM hai / yaha ardha-nimIlita kamala puSpoM ke sadRza dikhAI dete haiM, jinakI paMkhur3iyA~ itanI patalI, itanI pAradarzI aura itanI pI tulI haiM ki ye dRSTi ko prazaMsA ke koNa para sthira kara detI haiM / " 3 DA0 jI0ena0 zarmA ke anusAra "yadi tAjamahala eka strI kA saMsmaraNa hai, to ina mandiroM ke pIche eka dharmaniSTha udAratA mUrtimAna dikhAI detI hai / "4 haivela aura smitha ne to yahA~ likha diyA hai ki kArIgarI aura sUkSmatA kI dRSTi se ina mandiroM kI samatA hindustAna meM koI imArata nahIM kara sakatI / bhAratIya zilpiyoM ne jo kalA-kauzala vyakta kiyA hai; usase kalA ke kSetra meM bhArata kA mastiSka sadaiva garva se U~cA uThA rahegA / sArAMza 1. hisTrI oNpha iMDiyana aiNDa IsTarna ArkiTekcara, pR0 36 / 2. proriAsavesa, 1910, pR0 3 / 3. TaoNDa, Trevalsa ina vesTarna iNDiyA, pR0 113 / 4. jI0 ena0 zarmA, rAjasthAna kA itihAsa, pR0 587 /

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jaina tIrtha : 171 yaha hai ki ina mandiroM ke nirmANa se, eca0 jimmara ke zabdoM meM, "bhavana ne alaMkAra kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA hai, jise zabdoM meM samajhAnA asambhava hai / " ( ga ) pitta - lahara yA jaina mandira, bhImAzAha : sahi ke pIche kI ora pitta-lahara nAmaka jaina maMdira hai, jise gurjara vaMza ke bhImAzAha ne 15 vIM zatAbdI ke madhya meM banavAyA / 1440 I0 ke lekha se evaM somasundarasUrikRta "arbudagirikalpa" ke anusAra yaha mandira 1432 I0 ke pUrva hI pratiSThita ho cukA thA / isameM prathama jaina tIrthaMkara AdinAtha kI 108 mana vajana vAlI pItala kI dhAtu pratimA pratiSThita hai, jise zrImAla jAtIya maMtrI sundara evaM maMtrI gadA ne banavAyA thA / " guruguNa- ratnAkara - kAvya" ke anusAra ye ahamadAbAda ke sultAna muhammada begar3A ke darabArI the / sundara va gadA ne 1468 I0 meM parikara sahita 8 phITa U~cI evaM sAr3he pA~ca phITa caur3I RSabhadeva kI pratimA kI sthApanA kI / ina pItala kI mUrtiyoM ke kAraNa hI ise pittalahara mandira kahA jAtA hai| kisI kAraNavaza yahA~ se mevAr3a ke kumbhala merU nAmaka sthAna ko pahu~cA dI gaI thI / isa mandira kI banAvaTa bhI pUrvokta maMdiroM jaisA hI hai / mUlagarbha gRha, gUr3ha maNDapa aura navacaukI to paripUrNa haiM, kintu raMga maNDapa aura bhamiti kucha apUrNa hI raha gaye haiM / gUr3ha ause meM AdinAtha ko paMcatIrtha kI pASANa pratimA tathA anya tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ haiM, evaM sabase ullekhanIya yahA~ mahAvIra ke pramukha gaNadhara gautama svAmI kI pIle pASANa ko mUrti hai / eka anya sthAna para AdinAtha ke gaNadhara, puNDarIka svAmI kI pratimA bhI hai / isase pUrva kI pratiSThita mUrti isa mandira ke bAhara surabhi para 1432 I0 kA cauhAnavaMzI rAjadhara devar3A cuMDA kA lekha hai, jisameM devar3A, sAMDA, maMtrI nAthU evaM sAmantoM ne milakara vimala vasahi,. lUNavasahi evaM pittalahara mandira ke darzanArthaM Ane vAle yAtriyoM kA kara hamezA ke lie. mApha kara diyA thA / isa lekha ke lekhaka somasundarasUri ke ziSya paNDita satyarAja gaNI the / yahA~ ke 1426 I0 ke lekha meM kucha bhUmi va grAmoM ko dAna diye jAne kA bhI ullekha hai / (gha) caumukhA yA pArzvanAtha jaina mandira : isa mandira kI pratiSThA kharataragaccha ke AcArya jinacandra sUri ne kI thI / ataH isa mandira ko " kharataravasahi" bhI kahate haiM / isa mandira ke sabhA maNDapa ke 23 stambhoM para silAvaToM ke nAma hone se loga ise "silAvaToM kA mandira" bhI kahate haiM / caturmukha 1. aprajailesa, kra0 407, pR0 161 | 2. zrImAtA ke mandira kA 1440 I0 kA lekha 3. asAve, pR0 13-19 /

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272 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 'prAsAda hone ke kAraNa yaha "caumukhA jI" ke nAma se bhI prasiddha hai| mandira sAdA, vizAla tathA timaMjilA hai| pittalahara mandira ke surabhilekha se patA calatA hai ki dilavAr3A meM usa samaya 3 mandira hI the| aisA anumAna hai ki 1458 I0 meM yaha mandira bananA prArambha huA hogA evaM saMghavI maNDalika ne hI ise banavAyA hogaa| lekha meM "rAjAdhirAja zrI kuMbhakaraNa vijaya rAje" likhA huA hai| mandira ke gaMbhAre ke bAhara cAroM tarapha sundara kurAI kI chaTA hai / isa alaMkRta khudAI meM khaDgAsana pratimAe~ tathA AcAryoM, zrAvakoM, zrAvikAoM, yakSoM va devI-devatAoM kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| isa mandira ke do toraNa bahuta hI kalAtmaka haiM, jisameM pratyeka meM 51 mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM, cAroM dizAoM ke dvAroM ke sammukha maNDapa haiM, jinake zikharoM kI chateM kalApUrNa haiM / tInoM maMjiloM kI pratyeka tala para pArzvanAtha kI caumukhI pratimA virAjamAna hai| (Ga) kunthunAtha digambara jaina mandira : dilavAr3A se acalagar3ha jAne vAle mArga ke mukha para hI yaha mandira avasthita hai / isa mandira ke 1437 I0 ke zilAlekha ke anusAra govinda saMghAdhipati yahA~ mUlasaMgha, balAtkAragaNa, sarasvatI gaccha ke bhaTTAraka padmanandI ke ziSya bhaTTAraka zubhacandra sahita tIrtha yAtrA ko Aye aura samasta digambara saMgha ne isa mandira kA nirmANa kraayaa| usa samaya AbU meM rAjadhara devarAja cUMDA kA rAjya thaa| mandira meM garbhagRha, sabhA maNDapa aura ardha-maNDapa haiN| isameM mUlanAyaka bhagavAna kunthunAtha kI 2' phITa 10" U~cI zvetavarNa padmAsana pratimA hai evaM donoM pAryoM meM eka-eka tathA Age tIna mUrtiyA~ virAjamAna haiM / sabhI mUrtiyA~ zveta pASANa kI va padmAsana mudrA meM haiN| mUlamUrti sambhavataH 11vIM-12vIM zatAbdI kI hai| yaha jamIna se utkhanana dvArA nikalI thI, aisI lokokti hai| (ca) mandira vardhamAna svAmI : yaha mahAvIra mandira, dilavAr3A se pUrvottara dizA meM koI sAr3he tIna mIla dUra hai / isakA nirmANa bhI 15vIM zatAbdI meM huA thaa| vartamAna meM isake mUlanAyaka bhagavAna AdinAtha haiM, jinake pAvoM meM pArzvanAtha aura zAntinAtha tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ haiM, kintu mandira kI khyAti mahAvIra ke nAma se hI hai| anumAnataH bIca meM kabhI mUlanAyaka kA sthAnAntaraNa kiyA gayA hogaa| yaha mandira eka parakoTe ke madhya meM sthita hai aura garbhagRha ke sammukha zikharayukta gUr3hamaNDapa bhI hai / usake sAmane khulA cabUtarA hai, jisa 1. aprajailesa, kra0 407, pR0 161 / 2. vahI, kra0 441, pR0 173 / 3. bhAdijaitI, 4, pR0 128 /

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jaina tIrtha : 173 para yA to navacaukI aura sabhAmaNDapa banAye hI nahIM jA sake athavA sambhava hai banakara kabhI vidhvasta ho gye| (cha) acalagar3ha, mandira caumukhajI : dilavAr3A se 6 ki0 mI0 dUra acalagar3ha ke mandiroM meM caumukhA jI kA mukhya mandira viziSTa hai / ise mahArANA jagamAla ke zAsanakAla meM acalagar3ha nivAsI saMghavI sAliga ke putra sahasA ne banavAyA thaa| isameM prathama jaina tIrthaMkara RSabha deva kI dhAtu kI vizAla pratimA hai / ise DUMgarapura ke mUrti zilpI vAcchA ke putra depA evaM depA ke putra haradAsa ne DhAlA thaa| mUrti para 1509 I0 kA lekha hai| caumukha jI kI dUsarI mUrti DUMgarapura ke hI mUrti-zilpI lubhA evaM lAMpA ne banAI thii| caumukhajI kI cAroM mUrtiyA~ DUMgarapura ke zrAvakoM ke Adeza para vahIM ke mUrti zilpiyoM ne AbU meM hI Akara DhAlI thIM evaM inakI pratiSThA alaga-alaga samaya meM sampanna huI thii| mandira meM kumbhalagar3ha se lAyI huI dhAtu kI pratimAe~ bhI haiN| isa mandira meM Upara-nIce milAkara dhAtu kI kula 14 mUrtiyA~ haiM, jinakA vajana 1444 mana hone kI anuzruti hai / cittaur3a ke prasiddha jainAcArya haribhadra sUri ne 1444 prakaraNa likhe the| unakI yAda meM raNakapura ke mandira meM 1444 stambha banAye gaye evaM isa mandira kI dhAtu pratimAoM kA samanvita vajana bhI 1444 mana rakhA gyaa| (ja) AdinAtha mandira : yaha acalagar3ha kA dUsarA sAdhAraNa mandira hai| isa mandira kI deharI meM cAra hAtha vAlI devI kI eka sundara pratimA hai, jisake eka hAtha meM khaDga, dUsare meM trizUla, tIsare meM bIjorA aura cauthe meM darpaNa jaisA kucha hai / vyAghra kA vAhana hone se yaha devI ambA bhavAnI kA siddhezvara rUpa hai, parantu yahA~ yaha cakrezvarI ke nAma se pUjI jAtI hai, jisake cAroM hAthoM meM varada, bANa, cakra va pAza hote haiM tathA bA~ye cAroM hAthoM meM dhanuSa, vajra, cakra va aMkuza hote haiN| (jha) kunthunAtha mandira : acalagar3ha ke isa tIsare mandira kI pratiSThA 1470 I0 meM huii| yahA~ kunthunAtha kI pratimA paMcadhAtu kI hai| isa mandira meM padmAsanastha eka viziSTa mUrti hai, jisake zarIra para vastra ke cihna haiN| 1. asAve, pR0 17 / 2. vahI, pR0 18 / 3. vhii| 4. vahI, pR0 19 /

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974 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jenadhamaM (Ja) zAMtinAtha mandira : acalagar3ha kA cauthA jaina mandira tIrthakara zAntinAtha kA hai, jise kumAra pAla kA mandira bhI kahA jAtA hai, yaha acalagar3ha kI talahaTI meM choTI sI TekarI para banA huA hai| jinaprabhasUri ke "tIrthaM kalpa" meM evaM somasundarasUrikRta " arbuda - girikalpa" meM ise kumArapAla nirmita batAyA gayA hai| pUrva meM yaha mahAvIra mandira thA, kintu aba yaha zAntinAtha kA mandira hai, isa mandira kI pradakSiNA kI dIvAra meM jina pratimAe~, AcAryoM * tathA sAdhuoM kI mUrtiyoM ke atirikta pA~ca pANDava, mallayuddha lar3AI ke dRzya, savArI tathA nATaka Adi ke dRzyoM kA utkIrNana hai / " acalagar3ha se 1320 I0 kI 36 zloka vAlI gadya meM racita prazasti prApta huI haiM, jo bahuta hI khaNDita avasthA meM hai / isameM candrAvatI, arbuda, zAkambharI, aparAMta Adi 'pradezoM kA varNana, cauhAna vaMza ke vibhinna rAjAoM ke nAma, arbuda maNDala kI bhaugolika tathA aitihAsika sthiti evaM acalezvara mandira ke jIrNoddhAra va usakI pUjA ke liye TuNDI grAma ke dAna kA ullekha hai / 1449 I0 ke acalagar3ha ke suraha lekha meM mahArANA kumbhA ke samaya kI kara vyavasthA para prabhUta prakAza par3atA hai / isameM ullekha hai ki delavAr3A ke mandiroM ke liye yAtrA karane vAloM se maNDapikA kara dAMpA, balAvI, rakhavAlI karoM ko rANA kumbhA ne mApha kara diyA hai / Age isameM yaha bhI likhA hai ki idhara yAtrA karane vAloM se eka-eka phadiyA~ va cAra dugANI, mandira kA bhaNDArI vasUla karegA / AbU tIrtha ke ukta mandiroM ne jahA~ takSaNa kalA meM cAra cA~da lagAye haiM, vahIM mandiroM kI dhAtu pratimAoM ne madhyakAla kI dhAtu DhalAI kalA meM kIrtimAna sthApita kiyA hai / isa " kalA tIrtha" ke sthApatya ne uttarI bhArata kI mandira nirmANa kalA ko prabhAvita kiyA hai, evaM zilAlekhoM ne itihAsa ke tithikrama ko sudRr3ha AdhAra pradAna "kiyA hai / jaina tIrtha hone ke kAraNa 14vIM zatAbdI ke uparAnta kaI AcAryoM aura jaina vidvAnoM ne isa tIrtha ke bAre meM yahA~ rahakara vibhinna stavana, stotra, caitya paripATiyA~, tIrthaM mAlAoM Adi kI racanA kI / tejapAla ne mandira ke pratiSThA samAroha kI vArSikI utsava Adi ke liye vividha vyavasthAe~ kara rakhI thIM / etadartha TrasTI niyukta the, tathA vibhinna samudAyoM va gA~voM ke nivAsiyoM ke kAryAdi bhI surakSA rAjA somasiMha deva aura usake putra kAlhaDa deva, samasta sthAna pati bhaTTAraka evaM par3osa ke supurda thI / rAjA svayema siMha ne neminAtha ke pUjArthaM meM davANi gA~va kA nirdhArita the / 3 mandira kI 1. asAve, pR0 18 2. rAistrI, pR0 142 / 3. ei, 8, pR0 204 |

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jaina tIrtha : 175 anudAna diyA thaa|' 13vIM se 16vIM zatAbdI ke madhya dilavAr3A meM vipula saMkhyA meM zrAvaka rahate the / muniyoM ke bArambAra yahA~ cAturmAsa vyatIta karane se bhI yaha tathya siddha hotA hai / 2 zrAvaka vArSika samArohoM ke atirikta pratimAoM ko sthApanA bhI karavAte the| vimala vasahi ke mandira meM pArzvanAtha kI pratimA 1165 I0 meM devacandra ke dvArA sthApita kI gaI thii|3 pArzvanAtha kI hI dusarI pratimA AmavIra ke dvArA 1188 I0 meM sthApita karavAI gaI thii| isa sthAna ke nivAsI chA~jaNa dvArA banavAI gaI mahAvIra kI dhAtu pratimA rohida ke jaina mandira meM upalabdha hai|" (2) lodravA tIrtha : jaisalamera nagara se 10 mIla tathA amarasara se 7 mIla dUra sthita, jaisalamera paMcatIrthI kA prAcInatama va prasiddha jaina tIrtha, lodravA, jaisalamera kI prAcIna rAjadhAnI va lodra zAkhA ke rAjapUtoM kA gar3ha thaa| bhATI rAvala devarAja ke dvArA 1025 I0 meM lodra rAjapUtroM ko harAne ke pUrva taka yaha nagara bahuta samRddhizAlI thA aura isake cAroM ora 12 praveza dvAra the, kintu Aja mandiroM ke atirikta kucha nahIM hai / 1034 I0 meM sAgara nAmaka rAjA ke zAsana kAla meM varddhamAnasUri ke ziSya jinezvara sUri yahA~ Aye aura unhoMne sAgara ke putroM zrIdhara evaM rAjadhara ko pArzvanAtha mandira nirmita karavAne kI preraNA dii| yaha mandira 11vIM zatAbdI kA hai aura sthApatya kI dRSTi se isakI zailI, nIce hisse meM dakSiNa bhAratIya hindU va UparI hisse meM uttara-pazcima bhAratIya prakAra kI dRSTigata hotI hai| yahA~ ajantA-ailorA kI taraha kama U~cAI ke stambha tarAze hue haiN| sambhavataH mohammada gorI ke AkramaNa ke samaya yaha mandira dhvasta kara diyA gayA thA, kintu bAda meM isakI marammata khImasI aura usake putra pUnasI ne 1618 I0 meM karavAI, jaisAki sahaja kIti dvArA likhita "zatadala pArzvanAtha yantra" prazasti se jJAta hotA hai / 1618 I0 meM hI khImasI ke vaMzaja thArUzAha ne ise punanirmita karavAyA aura jinarAja sUri se sthApanA samAroha sampanna karavAyA / sambhavataH isa avasara para hI 1620 I0 meM rAvajeThI ne "lodravajI tIrtha maNDana zrI cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha" kI 1. rAistro, pR0 204 / 2. aprajailesa, kra0 55 / 3. vahI, kra0 171 / 4. vahI, kra0 55 / 5. vahI / 6. erirAmyUa, 1935-36, kra0 8 / 17. nAjailesa, kra0 2543 /

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176 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma racanA kii| 1635 I0 meM rAvajeThI ne apanI patnI kanakadevI ke kalyANArtha pArzvanAtha devagRha kI sthApanA jinarAja sUri ke dvArA karavAI / mandira ke parisara meM merU parvata ke bhAva para bane huye mUla mandira, cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha ke cAroM ora, prAMgaNa meM cAroM konoM meM, 4 choTe mandira haiM, jo thArUzAha ne 1640 I0 meM banavAye, kintu inameM pratiSThita mUrtiyoM ke abhilekhoM se vidita hotA hai ki pratimAoM kI pratiSThA mUla mandira ke sAtha 1618 I0 meM hI ho gaI thii| uttarapazcima va uttara-pUrva konoM ke madhya eka trigar3hA ke Upara aSTApada ke bhAva kA dhAtu kA darzanIya kalpavRkSa nirmita hai, jo nAnA prakAra ke phala-phUloM se ladA huA bahuta sundara lagatA hai / mUla mandira ke sabhA maNDapa meM sahajakIrtigaNI racita "zatadala padmayantra" kI prazasti kA zilAlekha hai, jo alaMkAra zAstra ko dRSTi se apUrva hai| isa yantra meM 25. catuSpada zlokoM ke 100 paMkhur3iyoM ke rUpa meM 100 caraNa haiM aura pratyeka caraNa kA antima akSara yantra ke madhya sthita ''maH" akSara hai| pUrNacandra nAhara ne isa prazasti ke bAre meM likhA hai ki adyAvadhi jitane prazasti zilAlekha dekhane meM Aye haiM, unameM alaMkAra zAstra kA aisA namUnA nahIM milatA hai / mandira kA anya mukhya AkarSaNa praviSTa hote hI cauka meM eka bhavya 25 phITa U~cA kalAtmaka toraNa dvAra hai, jisa para utkRSTa kalAbimboM kA rUpAMkana huA hai| maNDapa stambhoM kI kurAI va garbhagRha kI sahasraphaNa pArzvanAtha kI zyAma marti, jo kasauTI patthara kI banI huI hai, apane Apa meM vilakSaNa hai| mati ke Upara jar3A huA hIrA, mUrti ko aneka rUpoM meM darzita karavAtA hai| mandira meM vaha ratha abhI taka rakhA huA hai, jisa para seTha thArUzAha ne prabhu-pratimA ko rakhakara saMgha ke sAtha siMha kSetra kI yAtrA kI thii| (3) bagherA tIrtha : zrI zAntinAtha digambara jaina atizaya kSetra bagherA kekar3I se 17 ki0 mI0 pUrva meM sthita hai| bagherA zabda 'vyAghra" (bAgha) se vyutpanna hai| isa gA~va kI sthApanA va prAcIna mAnoM ke bAre meM kaI kAlpanika AkhyAna haiM / 2 vAstava meM yaha grAma pratihAra vaMzIya mihira bhoja ( 843-881 I0 ) ke zAsanakAla meM astitva meM AyA / prAcIna sikkoM se bhI yaha pramANita hotA hai|4 1169 I0 ke bijauliyA abhilekha meM bhI vyAghra raka ( bagherA ) kA ullekha hai / " yaha "varAha nagara'' ke nAma se bhI prasiddha 1. jaisalamera digdarzana, pR0 56 / 2. Asari, 6, pR0 136 / 3. esiTArA, pR0 326 / 4. ojhA, bIkAnera rAjya, pR0 100-101 / 5. ei, 26, pR0 84 /

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jaina tIrtha : 177 thaa| yahA~ vaiSNava dharma ke sAtha-sAtha jaina mata bhI atyadhika lokapriya thaa| bijauliyA ke 1169 I0 ke zilAlekha meM lolArka ke pUrvaja vaizravaNa dvArA bagherA evaM anya sthAnoM para kaI jaina mandira banavAne kA ullekha hai / yaha sthAna 12vIM zatAbdI meM mUla saMgha ke bhaTTArakoM ko gAdI bhI rhaa| unhoMne yahA~ ke mandiroM meM kaI jaina pratimAeM sthApita krvaaii| yahA~ se upalabdha ambikA, padmAvatI, brahmANI aura sarasvatI kI jaina deviyoM kI pratimAe~ kalAtmaka dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hone ke sAtha-sAtha pUrva madhyakAlIna mUrti kalA ke sundara namane haiN| bagherA kA mahattva isa tathya se aura bar3ha jAtA hai ki 8vIM zatAbdI meM yahA~ se jaina mata kI bagheravAla jAti kI utpatti huii| yaha sthAna aitihAsika va purAtAtvika dRSTi se bhI vizeSa mahattva kA hai| samaya-samaya para yahA~ prAcIna mUrtiyA~ bhUgarbha se nikAlI jAtI rahI haiM, jo adhikAMzataH 11vIM se 13vIM zatAbdI ke madhya kI jaina pratimAeM haiM / mUrtiyA~ pASANa evaM dhAtu nirmita haiM tathA 8-9 iMca se lekara 7-8 phITa taka U~cI haiN| jaina pratimAoM kI nirantara atyadhika upalabdhi ke kAraNa hI saMbhavataH yaha sthAna jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM vikhyAta huaa| yahA~ zAntinAtha va AdinAtha ke do mandira haiM, evaM bhUgarbha se nikAlI gaI sabhI jaina mUrtiyA~ inhIM mandiroM meM rakhI huI haiN| inameM se zAntinAtha mandira atizaya kSetra kahalAtA hai, jo manokAmanA pUrti kI dRSTi se jaina-ajaina donoM meM hI lokapriya hai| mUlanAyaka zAntinAtha kI pratimA 8-9 phuTa avagAhanA kI hai| eka kiMvadaMtI ke anusAra yaha bhU-garbha se nikalI thii| pratimA lekha se vidita hotA hai ki "lADavAgaDa, sAdhu saMgha" meM padmasena guru ke dvArA kisI zrAvaka ne 1197 I0 meM pratiSThita karavAI thii| mandira kA nirmANa kisane karavAyA, yaha tathya ajJAta hai| bijauliyA zilAlekha meM ullikhita vaizravaNa dvArA vyAghraraka Adi sthAnoM para jinAlaya nirmita karavAne ke tathya se anumAna hotA hai ki lolaka zreSThI kI 8vIM pIr3ho meM vaizravaNa ne lagabhaga 200 varSa bAda yaha mandira nirmita karavAyA hogaa| isa dRSTi se yaha mandira 10vIM zatAbdI ko nirmiti hai / mandira kI aneka mUrtiyoM meM se katipaya 1156 I0, 1140 I0, 1174 I0, 1188 I0, 1132 I0, 1158 I0; 1146 I0, 1188 I0, 1174 I0, 1193 I0, 1102 I0 kI tathA kucha 12vIM va 13vIM zatAbdI kI haiM / bagherA grAma ke bAhara "pArzvanAtha TekarI" hai, jahA~ zilAoM meM utkIrNa 5-6 phITa U~cI kaI pArzvanAtha 1. esiTArA, 326 / 2. ei, 24, pR0 84 / 3. ie, 21, pR0 61 / 4. ajamera zAstra bhaNDAra ke eka grantha se prApta sUcanA / 5. bhAdijaitI, 4, pR0 56-58 / 6. vhii| 12

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. 178 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma mUrtiyA~ haiM / pahAr3I ke Upara kaI guphAe~ evaM niSedhikAe~ haiM / inake samakSa hI prAcIna evaM atyadhika purAtAtvika mahattva kA naMdIzvara jinAlaya hai| 25 julAI, 1972 I0 ko yahAM bhUgarbha se nIMva khodate samaya sarvAdhika 24 mUrtiyA~ prApta huI thIM, jisameM se pA~ca zyAma varNa kI va zeSa zveta pASANa kI haiM / ye sabhI mUrtiyA~ 12vIM zatAbdI kI haiM evaM adhikAMza padmAsana meM tathA 2-3 kAyotsarga mudrA meM haiM / ye sabhI zAntinAtha mandira atizaya kSetra meM rakhI huI haiN| (4) naraiNA tIrtha : naraiNA phulerA jaMkzana se 111 ki0 mI0 dUra dakSiNa kI tarapha hai| yaha sthAna aitihAsika dRSTi se bahuta prAcIna hai tathA 11vI va 12vIM zatAbdI meM atyadhika samRddha thaa| zilAlekhoM evaM sAhitya meM isake prAcIna nAma narAnayana, narANa aura narANaka milate haiM / yahA~ sAMbhara aura ajamera ke cauhAnoM kA rAjya thA tathA sainika dRSTi se ise atyadhika mahattvapUrNa samajhA jAtA thaa| yahA~ para bhUgarbha se 10vIM va 11vIM zatAbdI kI mUrtiyA~ nikalI haiM, jo isa bAta ko siddha karatI haiM ki isa sthAna para musalamAnoM kA AkramaNa huA thaa| cauhAnoM ke rAjya meM naraiNA jaina dharma kA bahuta bar3A kendra ho gayA thaa| 12vIM zatAbdI ke lekhaka siddhasena sUri ne isako apane "sakala tIrtha stavana" meM jainiyoM ke prasiddha tIrtha ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA hai / 5 jainAcArya bhI yahA~ rahate the, 1026 I0 kI pAdukA para eka jainAcArya kA nAma aMkita hai|6 1170 I0 ke bijauliyA ke zilAlekha ke anusAra prAgvATa jAti ke lolaka ke pUrvaja puNyarAzi ne yahA~ para vardhamAna svAmI kA mandira banavAyA / 1079 I0 ke yahA~ se prApta eka zilAlekha ke anusAra, prAgvATa jAti ke mathana nAma ke vyakti ne apane parivAra ke sadasyoM sahita, mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA kii| ina zilAlekhoM se yaha vidita hotA hai ki yahAM para poravAla jaina rahate the / yahA~ pArzvanAtha ko khaDgAsana pratimA 952 I0 kI hai| yahA~ se prApta jaina deviyoM kI 1. bhAdijaitI / 2. khabagu, pR0 25 / 3. gAosi, 76, pR0 312-316 / 4. ei, 26, pR0 99 / 5. gAosi, 76, pR0 312-316 / 6. esiTArA, pari0, kra0 23 / 7. ei, 26, pR0 84 / 8. esiTArA, pari0, kra. 24 / 9. vahI, pari0 kra0 25 /

Page #202
jaina tIrtha : 179 mUrtiyA~ kalA kI dRSTi se ucca stara kI haiN| sarasvatI kI pratimA para 1045 I0 kA lekha aMkita hai|' isake atirikta do zveta pASANa tathA eka kAle patthara kI siMhArUr3ha, bahuta hI kalApUrNa evaM manojJa mUrtiyA~ haiN| 11vIM zatAbdI ke lekhaka dhanapAla ne apanI kavitA "satyapurIya mahAvIra utsAha" meM yahA~ ke mahAvIra svAmI ke mandira kA ullekha kiyA hai / sambhava hai, yahA~ ke bhairava mandira ke pAsa se jo prAcIna, stambha evaM toraNa dvAra prApta huye haiM, ve saba mahAvIra mandira ke prAcIna avazeSa hoN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha sampUrNa mandira saMgamaramara kA banA huA thA tathA apanI mUla sthiti meM kalA kA adbhuta namUnA rahA hogaa| yaha mandira 12vIM zatAbdI meM musalamAnoM dvArA naSTa kara diyA gayA, kyoMki isake bAda kI mUrtiyAM isameM nahIM miltii|3 / __ narainA meM varddhamAna svAmI kA jo kalAtmaka mandira 1170 I0 meM banA, vaha 1192 I0 meM muslima vidhvaMsa kI kopa-dRSTi kA zikAra ho gyaa| utkhanana ke samaya jamIna se prApta mUrtiyoM kI sthiti ko dekhakara yaha pratIta hotA hai ki narainA ke jaina samAja ne AkramaNa se pahale hI mUrtiyoM ko usake samIpa hI 11-12 phITa gaharA gaDDhA khodakara vyavasthita evaM atyanta sAvadhAnI pUrvaka gAr3a diyA thaa| mUlanAyaka varddhamAna kI pratimA itanI bhArI thI ki use zIghratA se mandira se haTAyA nahIM jA skaa| isake atirikta aura bhI 2-4 pratimAe~ mandira meM hI raha gaIM; ve saba mandira sahita vidhvaMsa kA zikAra ho gii| 1897 I0 meM narainA ke zreSThI zAha ajItamala luhAr3iyA ne svapna ke AdhAra para khudAI karavA kara 11 pratimAe~ prApta kii| eka pratimA para candramA kA cihna hai, zeSa binA cihna kI haiM / candramA cihnita tIrthakara candraprabhu kI 3 phITa UMcI pratimA padmAsana mudrA meM hai| eka choTI, AkarSaka evaM zveta varNa kI sarasvatI kI pratimA bhI prApta huI, jisa para 1045 I0 kA lekha hai| khudAI meM eka caraNa pAdukA bhI prApta huI, jisa para 1026 I0 kA lekha hai| isake atirikta saMgamaramara kI 5 mUrtiyA~ bhI haiN| isake bAda lagabhaga 25-30 varSa ke uparAnta yahA~ phira khudAI kI gaI, jisameM 1 phuTa U~co zveta pratimA prApta huii| 1974 I0 meM eka TIle kI khudAI meM bhI kucha mUrtiyA~ prApta huI, jisameM 2 zveta saMgamaramara kI tathA eka caraNa pAdukA hai / pratimAoM kI avagAhanA paune tIna phITa hai evaM inakA pratiSThA kAla 14vIM zatAbdI kA hai / ye sabhI mUrtiyA~ yahAM ke digambara jaina bar3e mandira meM rakha dI gaI haiN| madhyakAlIna yuga meM bhI narainA meM zraddhAlu jaina samAja thA, ataH prAyaH jaina sAdhu yahA~ 1. esiTArA, pari0, kra0 26 / 2. jaina sA0 saMzo0, 3, pR0 1 / 3. esiTArA, 318 /

Page #203
180 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma Ate rahate the / 1699 I0 meM IDara ke bhaTTAraka kSemendra kIrti aura cAtasU ke bhaTTAraka jagatkIrti eka hI samaya isa sthAna para Aye; isa upalakSya meM yahA~ ke samAja ne eka mahotsava kA Ayojana kiyA / nayanaruci ne "bhaktAmara stotra" kI vRtti kI prati isI sthAna para taiyAra kii| vaizyoM kI 123 jAtiyoM meM narainA jAti kA bhI ullekha hai, jaisA ki 1636 I0 meM likhita "siMhAsana battIsI" se patA calatA hai / (5) bijauliyA tIrtha : bUndI se 28 mIla dUra bhIlavAr3A ror3a para sthita, bijauliyA nAmaka kasbA sundara dRzyAvalI evaM caharadIvArI se ghirA huA, arAvalI parvata zrRMkhalA ke ucca paThAra ( Upara - mAla ) para basA huA hai / yaha Upara mAla pUrvavartI kAla meM "uttamAdrizikhara" tathA AsapAsa ke saghana jaMgala " bhImavana" ke nAma se jAne jAte the / zilAlekhoM meM isakA prAcIna nAma "vidhyavallI", "vijayavallI", "ahecapura", "morAkurA", "vidhyavallI" evaM "vidyuvallI" Adi milate haiM / isa nagara kI sthApanA sambhavataH hUNa jAti ke kisI rAjA ne kI thI / sthAnIya anuzruti ke anusAra, nagara saMsthApaka rAjA kA nAma " auna" yA hUNa thaa| cauhAnoM ke zAsanakAla meM yaha mahattvapUrNa nagara jaina evaM zaivoM ke liye pavitra tIrtha sthAna bana gayA / 12vIM zatAbdI meM pArzvanAtha mUrti ke dRzyamAna hone ke pUrva bhI bijoliyA zaiva mata kA bahuta bar3A kendra thA / " zreSThI lolAka ne svapna ke nirdezoM para revatI nadI ke kinAre se pArzvanAtha kI pratimA khoda kara nikAlI tathA apane guru jinacandra sUri ke parAmarza se yahA~ pArzvanAtha ke vizAla jinAyatana kA jIrNoddhAra karavAyA aura isake cAturdika sAta choTe mandira bhI banavAye / lekha ke anusAra lolAka ne yaha mandira sapta Ayatana yukta banavAyA, jisake pUrva meM revatI nadI aura devapura, dakSiNa meM maTha sthAna, uttara meM kuNDa aura dakSiNottara meM vRkSoM se bhUSita vATikA thI / vartamAna mandira lolAka dvArA nirmita mandira nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki ye kalAtmakatA evaM nirmANa kI dRSTi se thor3e halke va Adhunika pratIta hote haiM, tathA saMkhyA meM bhI 8 ke sthAna para 5 hI haiM / mandira ke sammukha nirmita revatI kuNDa kA nAma lolAka ne revatI nadI ke AdhAra para rakhA hogA / mandira kI pratiSThA 1. esiTArA, pari0, kra0, 30 / 2. bUndI ke zAstra bhaNDAra kA grantha kra0 247 // 3. jaiguka, 1, pR0 235 / 4. ei, 26, pR0 108 / 5. esiTArA, pR0 400 / 6. ei, 26, pR0 100 / 7. vahI /

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jaina tIrtha : 181 1169 I0 meM huI / mandira ke mukhya zilpI Ahar3a the, jo harasiMha ke pautra evaM mAlhaNa ke putra the| mandira ke cAroM konoM para gola gumbada yukta cAra devariyAM haiM / mandira ke garbhagRha meM vedI ke madhya meM zikharAkRti hai evaM zikhara ke madhya dvArAkRti banI hai, jo rikta hai aura isa bAta kA saMketa karatI hai ki mUlanAyaka pArzvanAtha kI pratimA pahale kabhI yahA~ rahI hogii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki mUlanAyaka pratimA ko muslima AkramaNoM ke samaya surakSA kI dRSTi se bhUgarbha meM sthApita kara diyA gayA hogaa| vedI meM kone meM eka cheda hai, jisameM se abhiSeka kA jala nIce jAtA hai va sikkA DAlane para "khanna" kI dhvani hotI hai| zikhara para caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyAM haiM, jisameM bIca meM pArzvanAtha pratimA hai, jisake Upara 3 chatra va gajalakSmI haiM, chatroM ke Upara padmAvatI, gajalakSmI va devayugala utkIrNa haiN| garbhagRha ke sAmane pharza para "sopAnatanA" zabda aMkita hai, jisase yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki bhUgarbha ke kisI kakSa meM mUrtiyAM surakSita haiN| 1901 I0 meM rAjA kRSNasiMha ke Adeza se yahAM khudAI karane para prastara haTAte hI eka zveta sarpa prakaTa ho gayA evaM isa camatkAra ke uparAnta khudAI banda kara denI par3I, parantu isake bAda mandira kA atizaya aura bhI bar3ha gyaa| sabhA maNDapa meM eka tarapha revatI kuMDa se nikAlI gaI padmAvatI, kSetrapAla, ambikA, jvAlAmAlinI aura dharaNendra kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / mandira ke uttara-pazcima meM dharaNendra (mAnabhadra) kI vizAla mUrti hai, jo isa kSetra ke rakSaka kSetrapAla hai| jaina tIrtha hone ke kAraNa bahudhA jaina santa yahAM Ate rahate the| pUrvakAla meM yaha mAthura saMgha ke jainAcAryoM kI gAdI thii| 1169 I0 ke bijauliyA zilAlekha ke lekhaka guNabhadra mahAmuni mAthura saMgha ke hI the| bAda meM yaha mUlasaMgha kI gatividhiyoM kA kendra bana gyaa| 1408 I0 va 1496 I. ke zubhacandra ke jIvanakAla ke do zilAlekha upalabdha haiN| pahale zilAlekha meM jaina sAdhvI bAI AgamazrI kI niSedhikA kA ullekha hai evaM dUsare meM zubhacandra ke ziSya hemacandra kI niSedhikA kA ullekha hai / ina niSedhikAoM ke bAre meM yaha icchA vyakta kI gaI hai ki ye candra-sUrya ke rahane taka astitva meM rheN| dvitIya abhilekha vAle stambha para kisI santa ke caraNa-yugala utkIrNa haiN| stambha ke eka ora bhaTTAraka padmanandI va dUsarI ora bhaTTAraka zubhacandra kA nAma utkIrNa hai / revatI kuNDa ke uttara kI ora dIvAra ke nikaTa eka bar3I zilA para 42 paMktiyoM kA mandira kI pratiSThA va dAnAdi kA lekha, svamaM zreSThI lolAka ne utkIrNa karavAyA thaa| 1. bhAdijaitI, 4, pR0 68 / 2. esiTArA, pR0 403 / 3. proriAsavesa, 1905-6, pR0 58 /

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182: madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jenadharma ajamera ke kucha cauhAna zAsakoM ne zava hote hue bhI bijauliyA ke pArzvanAtha mandira ko gAMvoM ke dAna diye / ' 1168 I0 meM pRthvIrAja dvitIya ne morajharI gA~va kA anudAna diyA thaa| inake cAcA somezvara ne svarga prApti kI icchA se revANA nAmaka gAMva kA pUrNadAna isa mandira ke nimitta diyaa| bijauliyA abhilekha meM samIpavartI sthAnoM ke kaI vyaktiyoM dvArA diye gaye anudAnoM kA ullekha hai| guhila putra rAvala dadhara aura mahAtmA dhanasiMha ne kAvA va revANA gA~voM ke madhya sthita eka kSetra, dohalI dAna meM diyaa| grAma khaMDUvarA ke nivAsI gaur3a jAtIya soniga aura vAsudeva ne eka dohAlikA diyaa| pAzvaMnAtha ke garbhagRha dvAra para utkIrNa 1169 I0 ke abhilekha meM mahIdhara ke putra manoratha kA namana likhita hai| yaha sthAna jaina santoM evaM digambara jainoM ke liye itanA pavitra ho gayA thA ki eka paurANika grantha "uttama zikhara purANa" revatI nadI ke kinAre vizAla zilA para utkIrNa karavAyA gayA, jisameM pArzvanAtha ke kevalajJAna prApta karane, kamaTha zaTha ke duSkRtyoM aura bhImavana kA ullekha hai| yahA~ ke zilAlekhoM kA aitihAsika mahattva bhI atyadhika hai| (6) nANA tIrtha : __ ahamadAbAda-ajamera relave lAina para nANA nAmaka relave sTezana se 3 ki0 mI0 ko dUrI para isI nAma kA eka gA~va hai / isakA prAcIna nAma nANaka thaa| isa sthAna ke 960 I0 ke abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha 10vIM zatAbdI meM bhI astitva meM thaa| 10vIM zatAbdI se 15vIM zatAbdI taka yaha nirantara phalatA-phUlatA rhaa| "jIvita svAmI" ke tIrtha ke rUpa meM nANA' kasbA jaina dharma meM vizeSa rUpa se prasiddha rhaa| kabhI yahA~ para mahAvIra kI puruSAkAra pratimA kA pUjana hotA thA, kintu yaha saba kiMvadaMti-pUrNa pratIta hotA hai| 10vIM zatAbdI meM yahAM eka mahAvIra mandira avazya thaa| mandira kI vedI ke daravAje kA 960 I0 kA eka choTA khaMDita abhilekha spaSTa rUpa se siddha karatA hai ki isa kAla meM yahA~ jaina mata astitva meM thA / 1111 I0 meM mahAditya kI patnI ne isa mandira kA toraNa nirmita karavAyA thaa| 1146 I0 meM nAgadra aura anya zreSThiyoM ne zAMtinAtha aura neminAtha kI kAyotsarga pratimAeM nirmita karavAIM aura unakA sthApanA 1. ei, 26, pR0 96-97 / 2. proriosavesa, 1908, pR0 49 / 3. nANA, diyANA, nAMdiyA; jIvata svAmI vAMdiyA 11 / 4. aprajailesa, kra0 341 /

Page #206
jaina tIrSa : 183 samAroha mahendra sUri ne sampanna karavAyA thaa| yahIM para 1183 I0 meM dharakaTa vaMza ke jasaghavala, vidana aura anya zrAvakoM tathA nAnaka gaccha ke bhI kucha zrAvakoM ne milakara, zAMti sUri ke upadezoM se sambhavanAtha kA sthApanA samAroha Ayojita kiyA thaa| mahAvIra kI pratimA bhI inhIM AcArya ke dvArA 1448 I0 meM sthApita kI gaI thii| 1449 I0 meM dUdA, vIrama, mahIpA Adi ne apane parivAra ke sadasyoM ke sAtha, vIra ke parikara kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa|4 1612 I0 ke abhilekha meM isa tathya kA varNana hai ki isa mahAvIra mandira ko mevAr3a ke rANA amarasiMha ke dvArA eka anudAna svIkRta kiyA gayA thaa| nANAvAla aura jJAnakIya gaccha sambhavataH eka hI gaccha ke do nAma pratIta hote haiM / yaha gaccha prabhAcanda ke dvArA nANA meM sthApita kiyA gayA / 11vIM se 15vIM zatAbdI ke sirohI kSetra ke AsapAsa se khoje gaye asaMkhya abhilekha, isa tathya ko pramANita karate haiM ki logoM para usa samaya isa gaccha kA bahuta prabhAva thaa| isa gaccha kA sarvaprathama ullekha 1045 I0 ke abhilekha meM pAyA gayA hai| mahendra sUri aura zAMti sUri isa gaccha ke prabhAvazAlI AcArya pratIta hote haiM, kyoMki inake upadezoM va nirdezoM se kaI pratimAe~ sthApita kI gaI jJAta hotI haiN| kAlakrama meM nAnaka gaccha ke anuyAyI aura AcArya, anya sthAnoM ko pravAsa kara gye| yaha gaccha jaisalamera meM 13vIM se 15vIM zatAbdI taka kAphI lokapriya thaa| 15vIM va 16vIM zatAbdI meM mevAr3a meM bhI isakA pracalana pAyA gayA hai| (7) mUMgathalA tIrtha : sirohI jile meM AbU ke nikaTa, mUMgathalA eka prAcIna gAMva hai| isakA prAcIna nAma "mUMgasthalA" thaa| yahA~ 838 I0 meM mogadezvara nAmaka eka zava mandira kI pUjA hotI thii| isase siddha hotA hai ki yaha gAMva 9vIM zatAbdI se pUrva kA hai| yaha sthAna jainiyoM evaM brAhmaNoM donoM ke liye pavitra tIrtha thaa| 1. aprajailesa, kra0 344 / 2. vahI, kra0 346 / 3. vahI, kra0 349 / 4. vahI, kra0 351 / 5. vahI, kra0 362 / 6. vahI, kra. 367 / 7. vahI, kra0 346, 407, 409, 412, 413, 425 / 8. nAjailesa, bhAga 3 / 9. vahI, 2, kra0 1111, 1143 evaM 1021 /

Page #207
184: madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM banadharma - mUMgathalA, jainiyoM ke mahAtIrtha ke rUpa meM prasiddha rahA / jinaprabha sUri ne 1332 I0 meM likhita "vividha tIrtha kalpa" meM isa sthAna ke mahAvIra mandira kA varNana kiyA hai|' aisA vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki yahA~ mahAvIra chadamastha avasthA meM Aye the| mahAtIrtha mUMgathalA ke "jIvita svAmI zrI mahAvIra jaina mandira" ke mukhya gambhAra ke daravAje para pAyA gayA 1369 I0 kA abhilekha batAtA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra arbuda bhUmi meM Aye the aura mahAvIra ke jIvana kI 37vIM varSagA~Tha para, kezIgaNadhara ke dvArA eka pratimA kI pratiSThA Ayojita kI gaI thii| yaha tathya sAhityika pramANoM se bhI puSTa hotA hai / 13vIM zatAbdI ke eka lekhaka ne "aSTotrayI tIrthamAlA"3 meM varNana kiyA hai ki mahAvIra ke jIvana ke 37veM varSa meM vIra mandira kA nirmANa huA thaa| jaina tIrthamAlAoM meM yaha mahAvIra mandira "jIvita svAmI ke mandira" ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA gayA hai| jIvita svAmI ke mandira se abhiprAya hai, ki vaha mandira jo mahAvIra ke jIvana kAla meM nirmita huaa| ukta sabhI kathana pazcAtavartI samaya ke haiN| ataH AsAnI se vizvasanIya nahIM mAne jA sakate haiN| mUMgathalA kA mahAvIra mandira samaya-samaya para punanirmita hotA rahA aura isameM pratimAe~ sthApita kI jAtI rhoN| sabhA maMDapa ke 4 stambha 1158 I0 meM bIsala ke dvArA banavAye gaye the|4 1332 I. meM maMtrI dhAMdhala ne isa maMdira meM jaina pratimAoM ke 2 bar3e jor3e rakhavAye the|" poravAla jAti ke mahIpAla ke putra zrIpAla ne 1359 I0 meM isa mandira kA jIrNoddhAra karavAyA aura isI varSa sarvadeva sUri ke dvArA pratimAoM kA pratiSThA samAroha va kalaza samAroha sammanna huA / kAnhaDadeva ke putra vIsaladeva ne isa mandira ke nimitta 1385 I0 meM eka gAMva aura anya bheMTa Adi dI thii| vIsaladeva sambhavataH candrAvatI kA zAsaka rAjA devar3A cauhAna pratIta hotA hai| mUMgathalA meM bar3I saMkhyA meM zrAvaka rahate the, ve neminAtha ke mandira kI vArSikI ko samAroha pUrvaka manAte the / 1460 I0 meM ratnamandira gaNI dvArA likhita "upadeza taraMgiNI" se jJAta hotA hai ki isa sthAna ke zrAvaka vimala vasahi mandira ke dhvajArohaNa aura nitya snAna pUjA 1. vitIka, pR0 86 / 2. aprajailesa, kra0 48 / 3. vahI, pR0 47 / 4. vahI, kra0 44, 45, 46 evaM 47 / 5. vaho, kra0 254, 255 / 6. vahI, kra0 50 / 7. vahI, kra0 51 / 8. vahI, kra0 251 /

Page #208
... jaina tIrtha : 185 hetu hone vAle vyaya ko sahana karane ke liye aMzadAna dete the| mUMgathalA meM hI sundara sUri ne lakSmI sAgara ko 1444 I0 meM vAcaka upAdhyAya kI padavI pradAna kI aura unake bhAI saMghapati bhIma ne isa avasara para eka bhavya samAroha kA Ayojana kiyA thaa| ___isa prakAra mUMgathalA mahAtIrtha hone ke sAtha-sAtha jaina dharma kA bahuta mahattvapUrNa kendra bhI thA / sambhavataH yaha eka bar3A kasbA thA, jaisA ki "mahimA" kI tIrthamAlA se spaSTa hotA hai ki 1665 I0 taka isa nagara kI sampannatA nirbAdha rUpa se thii| isake bAda isakA hrAsa prArambha huA aura kAlAntara meM yaha kevala eka gA~va raha gyaa| (8) talavAr3A tIrtha : bAMsavAr3A se 13 ki0 mI0 dUra, talavAr3A kA prAcIna nAma 'talapATaka" thA / 10vIM va 11vIM zatAbdI meM yaha kasbA paramAroM ke dvArA athUNA se zAsita hotA thaa| talavAr3A jainiyoM kA prasiddha tIrtha sthAna thaa| siddhasena sUri ne apane "sakala tIrtha stotra" meM isa tIrtha kA varNana kiyA hai|4 14vIM zatAbdI ke lekhaka vinayaprabha sUri ne apanI kRti "tIrthayAtrA stavana" meM isa tIrtha kA va yahA~ ke zAMtinAtha mandira kA ullekha kiyA hai / " bAlacandra sUri ke "upadezakaMdala vRtti" se jJAta hotA hai ki 10vIM zatAbdI meM hone vAle pradyumna sUri yahA~ bhI Aye the aura yahA~ ke zAsaka ko pratibodhita kiyA thaa| bhUSaNa kA pUrvaja aMbaTa jisane ki athUNA meM 1109 I0 meM jaina mandira banavAyA thA, talapATaka kA hI rahane vAlA thaa| vaha eka vidvAn cikitsaka aura nAgara parivAra kA ratna thA / madhyakAlIna jaina dharma ke rakSaka evaM tatkAlIna prabhAvazAlI AcArya jinabhadra sUri ke upadezoM se isa sthAna para jaina mandira banavAyA gayA thA evaM usameM mUrtiyA~ sthApita kI gaI thiiN| udayanandI ke ziSya saMghakalaza gaNi ne 1448 I0 meM apanI kRti "samyaktva rAsa" kI racanA yahIM para kI thii| vartamAna samaya meM yahA~ para saMbhavanAtha kA eka vizAla mandira hai, jisameM 11vI va 12vIM zatAbdiyoM kI kucha mUrtiyA~ bhI haiM / jaina tIrtha ke atirikta yaha sthAna vaiSNava tIrtha bhI rahA hai / 1. upadeza taraMgiNI, pR0 224 / 2. guruguNaratnAkarakAvya, pR0 1, 90 / 3. prAcIna tIrthamAlA, 2, pR0 60 / 4. gAosi, 76, pR0 156 / 5. jaisapra, 18, pR0 15 / 6. gAosi, 76, pR0 331 / 7. ei, 21, pR0 50 / 8. jaisapra, 16, pR0 16 / 9. jaisAsai, pR0 383-550 /

Page #209
186 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma (9) madAra tIrtha : madAra, AbU se 32 ki0 mI0 dUra sthita hai / abhilekhIya aura sAhityika pramANoM ke AdhAra para isake prAcIna nAma madahRta' aura maDAhara the| isa sthAna kA nAmakaraNa sambhavataH madAra devI ke AdhAra para huaa| madAra devI ke mandira kI dIvAra ke 1230 I0 ke lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki isa sthAna kA nAma 'maDAhaDa" thaa| pUrvavartI kAla meM yaha sthAna eka pavitra jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM prasiddha thaa| megha dvArA 1442 I0 meM racita "tIrthamAlA" meM isa sthAna ke mahAvIra mandira kA varNana hai| zIlavijaya ne bhI 1691. I0 meM apanI "tIrthamAlA" meM isa tIrtha kA varNana kiyA hai| madAra meM jaina dharma bahuta prAcIna kAla se hI astitva meM thaa| sirohI ke ajitanAtha mandira kI pItala kI pratimA ke pRSTha bhAga para utkIrNa abhilekha meM varNita hai ki ghArApadIya gaccha se sambaddha devacandra ke putra dhanadeva ne madAhada nAmaka sthAna para 1081 I0 meM svayaM ke AdhyAtmika kalyANa ke nimitta, vardhamAna kI eka pratimA sthApita kI thii| prasiddha jainAcArya vAdideva sUri madAhada meM hI 1086 I0 meM paidA huye the / inake pitA poravAr3a jAti ke the aura unakA nAma vIranAga thA / cakrezvara sUri ne 1156 I0 meM "tapazcaraNa bhedasvarUpa prakaraNa" yahIM para likhA / ' AbU ke neminAtha mandira kI pratiSThA samAroha kI vArSikI ke liye manAye jAne vAle mahotsava kA kArya par3osI sthAnoM ke zrAvakoM ke supurda kiyA gayA thaa| 80 dina taka calane vAle isa mahotsava ke vibhinna saMskAroM meM, 8veM dina ke saMskAra madAhada ke zrAvakoM ke supurda 1230 I0 meM kiye gaye the| jainadharma meM pracalita madAhRdIya yA madahada gaccha, madAra gA~va se hI utpanna huaa| isa gaccha kA 1230 I0 kA prAcInatama abhilekha isake utpatti sthAna madAra gA~va se hI prApta kiyA gayA hai| isa kSetra meM khoje gaye vibhinna abhilekhoM se. saMketa milatA hai ki isa gaccha kA isa kSetra meM atyadhika prabhAva thaa| 14vIM va 15vIM 1. esiTArA, pR0 422 / 2. aprajailesa, kra0 66 / 3. jainatIrtha sarvasaMgraha, pR0 301 / 4. jaisapra, 10, pR0 191 / 5. prAcIna tIrthamAlA saMgraha, pR0 105 / 6. erirAmyUa, 1928-29, kra0 3 / 7. prabhAvaka caritra, pR0 171-182 / 8. jaisapra, pR0 53 / 9. ei, 8, pR0 206 / 10. aprajailesa, kra0 66 /

Page #210
jaina tIrtha : 187 zatAbdiyoM meM yaha gaccha cittor3a aura jaisalamera kSetra meM bhI pracalana meM thA / 1425 I0 meM sirohI rAjya kI sthApanA ke pazcAt isa gaccha ke AcArya kI gAdI yahA~ se sirohI sthAnAMtarita kara dI gaI / " isa gaccha ke eka AcArya ne sirohI ke ajitanAtha ke mandira meM eka " bhadra prAsAda" kA nirmANa karavAyA thA, jisakA sthApanA samAroha 1463 I0 meM kamalaprabhA sUri ke dvArA sampanna karavAyA gayA thA / jaina mandiroM ke atirikta yahA~ madAra devI aura mahAdeva ke prAcIna mandira bhI haiM / (10) morakhAnoM tIrtha : morakhAnoM, bIkAnera jile meM dezanoka se lagabhaga 19 ki0 mI0 dakSiNa pUrva meM hai / 1666 I0 ke eka abhilekha ke anusAra isakA prAcIna nAma " morAkhiyANA" thA / morakhAnoM kA mukhya AkarSaNa sthala, mahAjanoM ke eka gotra " surANA " kI kula devI kA mandira hai, jisakA nAma " susANI mandira" hai / isa mandira meM 1172 I0 kA eka abhilekha hai, jisase yaha spaSTa pramANita hotA hai ki yaha mandira 1172 I0 ke pUrva hI isa kasbe meM nirmita ho gayA thA tathA yaha kasbA 11vIM zatAbdI se bhI pUrvavartI samaya kA hai / kIrti stambha yA govardhana ke abhilekha se yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki yaha kasbA 11 vIM zatAbdI se pUrva kA hai / " yaha kIrti stambha eka lAla saiMDasTona para cAroM tarapha se khudA huA eka abhilekha hai / yahA~ kA susANI mandira pUrvavartI kAla meM eka tIrthaM thA / yaha mandira eka U~ce cabUtare para banA huA hai, jisameM eka koTharI, khulA sabhA maNDapa aura sAmane eka barAmadA hai / yaha jaisalamerI patthara se nirmita hai| garbhagRha kI bAhya dIvAra devI-devatAoM aura nRtya - mudrAoM kI AkRtiyoM se alaMkRta hai / daravAjA bhI alaMkaraNa se rUpAMkita | garbhagRha kA zikhara khokhalA hai evaM aMdara devI kI prastara pratimA hai, jo anya alaMkaraNoM se ukerI gaI hai| garbhagRha ke cAroM ora eka kama UMcAI kI dIvAra hai, jisase eka khulI pradakSiNA banatI hai / sabhA maNDapa 16 stambhoM va samatala chata vAlA hai / 12 stambha, maNDapa ke sImA pradeza meM va 4 madhya meM haiM / 4 kendrIya stambha tathA koTharI ke sAmane ke 2 stambha ghaTa- pallava zailI ke haiM aura bArIka nakkAzI se alaMkRta haiM, kintu pIche ke do stambha anya stambhoM se bhinna haiM / kendrIya stambhoM meM se eka para 1. jaisapra 10, pR0 191 / 2 . vahI 3. esiTArA, pR0 423 // 4. bIjailesa, kra0 2603 / 5. ojhA, bIkAnera rAjya, pR0 58 /

Page #211
188 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadhamaM puruSAkRti utkIrNa hai, jo sthAnIya paramparAnusAra nAgaura ke navAba ke rUpa meM pahacAnI jAtI hai / 1772 I0 ke lekha ke anusAra sebalAkoTa nAmaka sthAna ke eka AdamI ne yahA~ kucha sthAyI dAna diyA thA / 1516 I0 ke eka abhilekha se vidita hotA hai ki - zivarAja ke putra hemarAja ne isa maMdira kA jIrNoddhAra karavAyA thA aura surANA gotra ke chAhada ke putra saMgheza ne nandivarddhana sUri ke dvArA eka pratimA sthApita karavAI thI / (11) phalodhI tIrthaM : mAravAr3a meM phalaudhI nAma ke do sthAna haiM / eka pokaraNa ke nikaTa aura dUsarA vivecya jo mer3atA ror3a sTezana se 2 ki0 mI0 dUra hai / abhilekhIya evaM sAhityika pramANoM ke AdhAra para isakA prAcIna nAma " phalavadhikA " thA / saMbhavataH isI nAma kI devI ke AdhAra para phalodhI kA nAmakaraNa huA hogA / pUrvavartI kAla meM yahA~ kA vartamAna brAhmaNa mandira hI " phalavaddhikA " maMdira thA / pArzvanAtha kI camatkArI mUrti ke prabhAva ke kAraNa phalodhI, kAlakrama meM jaina tIrthaM bana gayA / yaha rAjasthAna ke, madhyakAla ke sarvAdhika lokapriya tIrthoM meM se eka thA / isa tIrtha ke sambandha meM svataMtra stavana evaM tIrtha mAlAe~ bhI samaya-samaya para racI gaI / bhArata ke anya jaina tIrthoM meM isakA bhI ullekha vinaya prabhA upAdhyAya ne isa sthAna ke pArzvanAtha mandira kA bhavya varNana kiyA hai / 4 pUrva madhyakAla se hI phalaudhI jainiyoM kA pavitra tIrtha sthAna mAnA jAtA rahA hai / 'phalodhI ke nikaTastha droNagirI pahAr3I para hI gurudatta evaM anya muniyoM ne mokSa prApta kiyA / " vartamAna meM kucha vidvAn droNagirI ko bundelakhaNDa meM grAma seMdhavA ke nikaTa mAnate haiM, jo saMdigdha hai, kyoMki isake nikaTa phalodhI nAmaka koI sthAna nahIM hai, tathA yahA~ usa kAla meM jaina dharma ke astitva meM hone ke bhI pramANoM kA abhAva hai / jabaki yaha phalaughI 12vIM zatAbdI se hI pArzvanAtha kA prasiddha tIrtha rahA, yahI nahIM isake pUrva bhI yaha eka samRddha kasbA thA aura yahA~ eka mahAvIra mandira bhI thA / 6 " vividha tIrthakalpa" meM jinaprabhasUri ne kiyA hai / isI kAla ke anya vidvAn samaya ke utAra-car3hAva ke sAtha-sAtha bIca meM phalodhI janavihIna bhI huA, kintu zAnti kAla meM punaH kucha mahAjana yahA~ Akara basa gaye / saMyogavaza yahA~ se 1124 I0 1. bIjailesa, kra0 2603 / 2. esiTArA, pR0 426 // 3. jaisa, 8, pR0 27 // 4. jaisa, 17, pR0 15 / 5- jaisAau, pR0 442-443 // 6. esiTArA, pR0 425 / 19. vitIka, pR0 105-106 /

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jaina tIrtha : 189 meM eka pArzvanAtha pratimA prakaTa huI aura zIlabhadra sUri ke ziSya dharmaghoSa sUri ne yahAM tIrtha kI sthApanA kI / vAdideva sUri sapAdalakSa kA bhramaNa karate hue phalaudhI Aye aura unhoMne 1147 I0 meM isa mandira kA pratiSThA mahotsava sampanna krvaayaa|' "vividha tIrtha kalpa" se prApta jAnakArI ke anusAra isa samAroha meM bhAga lene ke lie ajamera aura nAgaura ke zrAvaka bhI yahA~ ekatrita huye tathA mahotsava kA samasta vyaya bhAra dhAMdhala ke dvArA vahana kiyA gayA / "purAtana prabaMdha saMgraha" meM aisA ullekha hai ki dhAMdhala ke pArasa patthara ke sAtha hI paidA hue the| inhoMne eka jaina mandira bhI banavAyA thaa| isake pUrva hI 1164 I0 meM poravAr3a rUpimaNI aura bhaNDArI dazAr3ha ne pArzvanAtha mandira ko eka caMDaka tathA zrI citrakUTIya zilAphaTa bheMTa meM diyA thaa| eka anya tithi-vihIna abhilekha ke anusAra, seTha municandra ne uttAna-paTTa nirmita karavAyA thaa| kintu zahAbuddIna gorI ke AkramaNa ke samaya 1177 I0 yA isake pUrva hI mandira kA bhI vidhvaMsa ho gayA aura pArzvanAtha pratimA ko bhI bhaMga kiyA gayA, kintu khaMDita mUrti hI prabhAvazAlI va camatkAra pUrNa mAnI jAtI rahI evaM dUsarI pratimA sthApita nahIM kI gii| mandira ke jIrNoddhAra kI AvazyakatA hone ke kAraNa 1177 I0 meM jinapati sari ne pArzvanAtha kI pratimA vidhicaitya meM sthApita kii| kharatara gaccha kA phalaudhI se ghaniSTha samparka rahA / 1182 I0 meM jinapati sUri ke yahA~ Agamana para unako padmaprabha ke zrAvakoM kA virodha sahana karanA pdd'aa| phalaudhI se ye zAstrArtha ke nimantraNa ke phalasvarUpa ajamera gaye, jahA~ pRthvIrAja cauhAna ke darabAra meM inhoMne padmaprabha ko parAsta kiyaa| phalaudhI ke zrAvakoM ne jinapati sUri ko punaH Ane ke liye bahuta Agraha kiyA tathA saMgha-pUjA aura dAnAdi para apAra rAzi vyaya kI / 1185 I0 meM jinamatopAdhyAya yahIM devaloka sidhAre / 1187 I0 meM abhaya kumAra ke netRtva meM eka saMgha yAtrA sampanna huI, jisameM jinapati sUri aura yahA~ ke zrAvaka bhI the| 1323 I0 meM jina kuzala sUri ke netRtva meM phalaudhI Aye saMgha meM dillI se seTha rAyapati bhI Aye the| isa Agamana para bhavya svAgata kA Ayojana huA thA, jise dekhane AsapAsa ke loga bhI Aye the / 1380 I0 meM likhe huye "vijJapti patra mahAlekha" 1. jaina tIrtha sarva sNgrh| 2. proriAsavesa, 1910, pR0 60 / 3. vahI / 4. vitIka pR0 106 / 5. khabRgu, pR0 24 / 6. vahI, pR0 34 / 7. vahI, pR072|

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190 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma se spaSTa hai ki jinodaya sUri pArzvanAtha ke prati zraddhA vaza yahAM Aye the| bIkAnera ke zAsaka rAjA rAyasiMha ke maMtrI karmacandra ne jinadatta sUri aura jinakuzala sUri ke stUpa 17vIM zatAbdI meM banavAye the / madhyakAla meM yahA~ bahuta se jainAcArya aura vidvAn Aye / katipaya vidvAnoM ne apanI sAhityika kRtiyoM kI racanA yahIM kii| 1632 I0 meM zrIsAra ne "motikapAsIvA" yahIM rahakara likhii| inhoMne "phalaudhI pAvaM stavana" kI bhI racanA kii| sumati sundara ne "sArasvata vyAkaraNa TIkA" kI pratilipi apane ziSya sumati hemagirI se 1659 I0 meM likhvaaii|4 jinavijaya ne yahIM para apanA "caubIsI jina stavana" 1674 I0 meM likhA / " vinayalAbha ne bhI 1691 I0 meM "siMhAsana battIsI" aura "vikrama caupAI" yahIM pUrNa kii| (12) jIrAvalA tIrtha : prasiddha jaina tIrtha jIrAvalA pArzvanAtha, delavAr3A se 32 ki0 mI0 dUra, abuda parvata ke pazcimI DhAla para sthita revadara se 10 ki0 mI0 dura sthita hai| jaina jagata meM isa tIrtha ke kaI nAma hai, jaise-jIrAvalI, jIrApallI, jIrikApallI evaM jayarAjapallI, kintu isakA nAmakaraNa jayarAja parvata ke nAma para huaa| jayarAja parvata kI goda meM basI bastI jayarAjapallI, jisakA prAkRta nAma "jairAulI" evaM apabhraMza rUpa "jIrAulI" "jIrAulA" evaM tatpazcAt "jIrAvalA" nAma pratiSThita huaa| prAcIna kAla meM yaha bhInamAla se pATana jAne vAle mArga kA mukhya nagara evaM vyApAra kA kendra thA / jaina paramparA ke anusAra mahAvIra ke abuda pradeza bihAra ke samaya yaha kSetra bhI pavitra huA hogaa| jaina paramparA kA itihAsa batAtA hai ki maurya samrAT samprati ne isa mandira kA jIrNoddhAra karavAyA thaa| jainoM ko tIrtha yAtrAoM ko mAnyatAoM meM isa tIrtha kI yAtrA aparihArya mAnI jAtI hai / sampUrNa zvetAmbara mandiroM kI pratiSThA evaM dhArmika anuSThAna ke prArambha meM "OM zrI jIrAvala pArzvanAthAya namaH" kA maMtrAkSara kesara se likhA jAtA hai / isase isa tIrtha kI mahimA prakaTa hotI hai| 1. vijJapti patra mahAlekha saMgraha (aprakA0) / 2. esiTArA, pR0 427 / 3. jaiguka, pR0 536 / 4. jaisapra, pR0 320 / 5. jaiguka, pR0 1288 / 6. vahI, pR0 1319 / 7. asAve, pR0 87 / 8. vhii|

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jaina tIrtha : 191 eka mata ke anusAra jIrAvalA pArzvanAtha kA yaha mandira kauDI nagara ke seTha amarAsA ne 269 I0 meM banavAyA thaa| janazruti ke anusAra pArzvanAtha pratimA svapna ke AdhAra para jamIna se nikAlI gaI thii| jainAcArya devasUri ne 274 I0 meM jIrApallI meM isakI pratiSThA ko|' 606 I0 meM prathama bAra seTha jaitAsA khemAsA ne isa mandira kA jIrNoddhAra karavAyA / ve 10 hajAra tIrtha yAtriyoM ke sAtha darzanArtha Aye the| yaha kArya muni bhairU sUrIzvara kI preraNA se sampanna huaa| guptakAla ke prasiddha jainAcArya harigupta sUri ke praziSya zivacandra gaNI mahattara ne isa mandira kI yAtrA kI thii| udyotana sUri kRta "kuvalayamAlA" kI prazasti ke anusAra unake ziSya yakSadatta gaNI ne apane prabhAva se yahA~ kaI jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa| ye mandira AsapAsa ke kSetra meM Aja bhI vidyamAna haiM / yakSadatta gaNI ke eka ziSya baTezvara sUri ne AkAzavapra nagara meM eka ramya jaina mandira kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa| yaha AkAzavapra sambhavataH jIrAvala hI thA, kyoMki jaina tIthaM prazasti meM isa tIrtha ko hI viziSTa sthAna prApta hai| ballabhIpura ke rAjA zilAditya ko jaina mata meM dIkSita karane vAle dhanezvara sUri ne bhI isa mandira kI yAtrA kI thii| 8vIM zatAbdI ke udbhaTa vidvAn jainAcArya haribhadra sUri ne jIrNoddhAra ke pazcAt isa mandira kI pratiSThA kI thii| tattvAcArya vIrabhadra sUri, "siddha-sArasvata-stotra" ke racayitA bappabhaTTa sUri, jainAcArya siddharSi aura unake guru durgasvAmI ne bhI yahA~ kI yAtrA kI thii| vimalazAha evaM vastupAla-tejapAla ne bhI isa mandira meM apanA dharma-dravya lagAyA thaa| mandira kA tIsarI bAra jIrNoddhAra 976 I0 meM taitalInaga ke zreSThI haradAsa ne karavAyA evaM jainAcArya sahajanandi ne isakI pratiSThA ko / eka janazruti ke anusAra 1052 I0 meM varamANa sthAna ke dhAMdhala nAmaka zreSThI ne svapna ke AdhAra para samIpa ke kisI sthAna se pArzvanAtha ko mUrti ko bhUmi se nikAlA thaa| isI mUrti kI pratiSThA jIrApallI meM, dhAMdhala dvArA purAne mandira kA jIrNoddhAra karavA kara, 1134 I0 meM kI gaI / pratiSThA karavAne vAle AcArya ajitadeva sUri the| isake pazcAt alAuddIna khilajI ne 1311 I0 meM apane AkramaNa meM isa mandira evaM mUrti ko kSati pahu~cAyI, isa tathya kI puSTi "zrI jIrApallI maNDana pArzvanAtha vinatI" nAmaka prAcIna stotra se bhI hotI hai / teraharAI ar3asaTThA (1368) varisiMha asurahadalu / jIta ujini harisihi masaya graha vikarola // "kAnhaDade prabaMdha" evaM anya aitihAsika tathyoM se bhI isa vidhvaMsa kI puSTi hotI hai| isake bAda 1386 I0 meM ahamadAbAda nivAsI zreSThI ratnA ne isa mandira kA 1. asAve, pR0 88 / 2. upadeza saptatikA, pR0 36-37 /

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192 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma jIrNoddhAra krvaayaa| 14vIM va 15vIM zatAbdiyoM meM isa tIrtha kI sukhyAti se prabhAvita hokara vibhinna sthAnoM se loga yahA~ Ane lge| mANDavagar3ha ke saMghavI pethar3a aura jhaoNjhaNa ne yahA~ kI tIrthayAtrA kI aura eka jaina mandira banavAyA, jisake bhagnAvazeSa upalabdha nahIM haiM / 2 jhAMjhaNa ke jyeSTha putra cAhar3a ne AbU aura jIrApallI kI tIrtha yAtrAoM para apAra dhana vyaya kiyA aura anekoM dAna diye / jhAMjhaNa ke 5veM putra ne pArzvanAtha mandira kA maNDapa banavAyA aura chaThe putra saMghavI pAhu ne jinabhadra sUri ke sAtha tIrtha yAtrAyeM kiiN| lakSmI sAgara sUri ke sAnnidhya meM saMghavI samadAka bhI isa tIrtha ke darzanArtha Aye / isake atirikta ratalAma, sirohI, jaisalamera evaM vibhinna sthAnoM ke zrAvaka 14vIM evaM 15vIM zatAbdiyoM meM isa tIrtha para Aye evaM devakulikAoM, zikharoM, raMgamaNDapoM Adi kA nirmANa karavAyA / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa pradeza meM osavAla, poravAla evaM zrImAloM kA vizAla jana samudAya thA / tapAgaccha ke jayacandra sUri, bhuvanacandra sUri evaM jinacandra Adi AcAryoM ne isa tIrtha kI lokapriyatA ke liye bahuta prayatna kiye| 1426 I0 ke eka abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki tapAgaccha ke bhuvanacandra, kRSNaSi gaccha ke jayasiMha sUri, dharmaghoSa gaccha ke vijayacandra sUri aura malladhArI gaccha ke vidyAsAgara sUri ke vibhinna zrAvakoM ne eka hI dina, apane-apane gacchoM ke AcAryoM dvArA navanirmita deva kulikAoM kA pratiSThA samAroha sampanna karavAyA / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki 1426 I0 meM ina AcAryoM ne cAturmAsa yahIM vyatIta kiyA thaa| jIrAvalA gaccha yA jIrApallI gaccha, jo bRhada gaccha kI eka zAkhA hai, isI sthAna se utpanna huii| yaha gaccha sirohI rAjya taka hI sImita rhaa| 14vIM zatAbdI meM yaha gaccha isake utpatti sthAna taka hI sImita thaa| isa gaccha ke AcAryoM ne pratimAoM ke pratiSThA samAroha sampanna karavAye / isI gaccha ke rAmacandra sUri ne pAzvanAtha mandira meM 1354 I0 meM evaM 1356 I09 meM deva kulikAoM kA nirmANa krvaayaa| vIracandra 1. aprajailesa, kra0 167, pR0 57 / 2. upadeza taraMgiNI pR0 178 / 3. guruguNaratnAkarakAvya, 3, pR0 36 / 4. arbudAcala pradakSiNA, pR0 36 / 5. guruguNaratnAkarakAvya, 3, pR0 65 / 6. gAosi, 21, pR0 100 / 7. aprajailesa, pR0 36-61 / 8. zrIjaipralesa, kra0 309 / 9. vahI, kra0 310!

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jaina tIrtha: : 193 sUri ne 1378 I0 meM zAMtinAtha kA pratiSThA mahotsava Ayojita karavAyA / ' vIracandra sUri ke pazcAt zAlibhadra paTTadhara huye, jinhoMne 1396 I02 meM zrI caturviMzati jinapaTTa aura 1405 i0 meM pArzvanAtha kA sthApanA samAroha sampanna karavAyA / 1459 I0 meM udayacanda sUri ne pratimAe~ sthApita krvaaiiN| inake uttarAdhikArI sAgara candra sUri ne 1470 I0 meM samAroha pUrvaka mUrtiyA~ sthApita kI / " kAlapravAha meM jIrAvalA, tIrtha kSetra ke sAtha-sAtha jaina saMtoM va vidvAnoM kA bhI kendra rahA / yahA~ kaI tIrtha stotra va tIrtha stavanoM jaise "jIrApallI maNDana pArzvanAtha vinatI6, "jIrAvallI pArzvadvAtriMzatikA 7 evaM " jIrAvallI pArzva stavana"" Adi kI racanA huI / 15vIM zatAbdI meM prabhAcanda ke ziSya bhaTTAraka padmanandi ne "jIrAvallI pArzvanAtha stotra" kI racanA ko / " isase spaSTa hai ki zvetAmbara tIrthoM para digambara jaina bhI kabhI-kabhI jAte the / vinayaprabhA sUri, megha, zAMtikuzala 12, zIla vijaya Adi ne apanI tIrthaM mAlAoM meM anya tIrthoM ke sAtha-sAtha isa tIrtha kA bhI bhavya varNana kiyA hai | 14 1794 I0 ke zilAlekha ke anusAra isa mandira meM mUlanAyaka pArzvanAtha hI the / kintu isake bAda kisI kAraNavaza neminAtha ko mUlanAyaka ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA gayA / sambhavataH mUrti musalamAnoM dvArA vidhvaMsa kara dI gaI yA aisI bhI mAnyatA hai ki amUlya pratimA vahIM khaMDita na kara dI jAve, ataH rAmasIna (jAlaura) meM virAjamAna kara dI gaI, jo Aja bhI maujUda hai / usa samaya antarima vyavasthA ke liye neminAtha ko pratiSThita kara diyA gayA hogA / aba isa mandira meM pArzvanAtha kI naI mUrtiyA~ sthApita ho gaI haiM / 1. zrIjaipralesa kra0 99 / 2. vahI, kra0 62 // 3. aprajailesa, kra0 74 / 4. zrI jaipralesa, kra0 256 // 5. vahI, kra0 138 / 6. arbudAcala pradakSiNA, pR0 92 / 7. jaisapra, 19, pR0 162 / 8. vahI, 7, pR0 563 / 9. ane, 9, pR0 246 // 10. jaisa, 17, pR0 15 / 11. arbudAcala pradakSiNA, pR0 96 / 12. jaisibhA, 5, pR0 366-68 / 13. arbudAcala pradakSiNA, pR0 246 / 14. khaMDelavAla digambara jaina mandira udayapura ke zAstra bhaNDAra kA grantha saMkhyA 72 / 15. asAve, pR0 91 / 13

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194 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma (13) kirADU tIrtha : kirADU, jodhapura saMbhAga meM bADamera se 26 ki0 mI0 uttara-pUrva meM hai| isakA prAcIna nAma "kirAtakUpa" thaa| gar3ha, mandiroM evaM bhavanoM meM yatra-tatra phaile huye bhagnAvazeSa batAte haiM ki kisI samaya yaha kalA evaM saMskRti kA kendra thA tathA bar3A nagara thaa| mUla rUpa se yaha paramAra zAsakoM ke antargata thA, kintu sampUrNa rUpa se muslima vidhvaMsa kA zikAra ho gyaa| 12vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya evaM vidvAn lekhaka siddhasena sUri ne 'sakala tIrtha stotra" meM kirADU kA jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai|' yadyapi vartamAna meM yahA~ koI mandira nahIM hai, kintu bhUtakAla meM unake astitva ke bAre meM koI sandeha nahIM hai / kanaka sUri dvArA 1338 I0 meM racita "nAbhinandana jinoddhAra" se jJAta hotA hai ki zreSThI samarasiMha ke AThaveM pUrvaja vesaTa, isa sthAna para Akara base aura unhoMne kakka sUri ke dvArA navanirmita jaina mandira meM pArzvanAtha kI pratimA kI sthApanA krvaaii| vaMzAvaliyoM se jJAta hotA hai ki isa sthAna para yAtrA saMghoM meM Ane vAle zrAvakoM ke dvArA kaI jaina mandira banavAye gaye the / 1153 I0 meM nADola ke zAsaka Anhaladeva ne zivarAtri para jIva hiMsA rokane va pazaoM kI surakSArtha yaha Adeza mahAjanoM, tAmbalikoM aura sAmAnya prajA ko jArI kiyA thA ki jIvita prANiyoM kA vadha nahIM kiyA jAve / nizcita rUpa se yaha Adeza zrAvakoM ko adhika saMkhyA ko dekhate huye unakI bhAvanAoM ke sammAnArtha hI jArI kiyA gayA hogaa| brAhmaNa, pujArI, mantrI evaM sabhI ko ahiMsA ke isa Adeza kA pAlana karanA anivArya thA, anyathA isakA ullaMghana karane vAle ko 5 drama kA jurmAnA denA hotA thaa| (14) bhInamAla (zrImAla) tIrtha : bhInamAla, jodhapura se 169 ki0 mI0 dakSiNa pUrva meM hai / isakA prAcIna nAma "zrImAla" thaa| nagara ke nAma kI utpatti ke sambandha meM vibhinna mata haiM / vastutaH mUla nAma bhIloM ke Adhikya ke kAraNa "bhillamAla" thA, jo kAlAntara meM bhInamAla ho gyaa|6 padmanAbha ne ise cauhAnoM ko brahmapurI kahA / yaha rAjasthAna kA eka prAcIna nagara hai| siddhasena sUri ne "sakala tIrtha stotra" meM bhInamAla ko "jaina tIrtha" batAyA 1. gAosi, 76, pR0 156 / 2. bhapApai, pR0 153-160 / 3. vahI, pR0 416, 511, 629 va 665 / 4. ei, 11, pR0 43-44 / 5. esiTArA, pR0 156 / 6. nizIthacUNi, pR0 10.225 /

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. jaina tIrtha : 195 hai|' 11vIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha kavi, dhanapAla ne apanI kavitA "satyapuriya mahAvIra utsAha" meM yahAM kI mahAvIra pratimA kA ullekha kiyA hai| jinaprabha sUri ne apane "vividha tIrtha kalpa" meM ise "vIrakA tIrtha" varNita kiyA hai / isa tIrtha para kaI jaina mandira the| yahAM se prApta 1276 I0 ke zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki mahAvIra chadmastha avasthA meM yahA~ Aye the| zrImAla meM jainadharma ke prasAra sambandhI vivaraNa kI 13vIM zatAbdI kI eka kRti, "zrImAla mAhAtmya" se bhI isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai / gautama gaNadhara jaba kAzmIra se vApasa zrImAla Aye to unhoMne vaizyoM ko jainadharma meM dIkSita kiyA tathA "kalpasUtra", "bhagavatI sUtra", "mahAvIra janma sUtra" Adi kRtiyoM kI racanA kii|" ye sabhI pramANa pazcAdvartI haiM aura AsAnI se vizvasanIya nahIM haiM, kintu inase yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki 12vIM zatAbdI taka zrImAla meM jainadharma kAphI prAcIna va lokapriya thA / udyotanasUri racita 'kuvalayamAlA" ko 778 I0 ko prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki zivacandra gaNI paMjAba se zrImAla tIrtha yAtrA para Aye the tathA unake ziSya yakSadatta sahita anya zrAvakoM ne gurjara pradeza ko mandiroM se sajjita kara diyA thaa| yahA~ ke mahAvIra mandira ko samaya-samaya para anudAna milate rahate the| 1276 I0 ke, cauhAna cAcigadeva ke zAsanakAla ke, eka abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki mahAvIra deva ke mandira ko karmasiMha, sA~caura ke rAjyapAla, ratanapurA; rAdhAdhara Adi ke dvArA pUjArtha kucha bheTeM dI gaI thiiN|' isa mandira ke atirikta zrImAla meM zAntinAtha aura pArzvanAtha ke mandira bhI the| "kalpasUtra" kI 1489 ko prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki zAha kuladhara ne 13vIM zatAbdI meM yahAM eka jaina mandira nirmita krvaayaa| "upakeza gaccha prabandha" ke anusAra yahA~ para 14vIM zatAbdI meM upakeza gaccha ke do mandira the| 16vIM zatAbdI meM zreSThI ToDA ke zAntinAtha mandira kA goSThika hone kA ullekha bhI milatA hai / 10 madhyakAla meM yahA~ 1. gAosi, 76, pR0 156 / 2. jaisaMzo, 3 aMka / 3. vitIka, pR0 86 / 4. proriAsavesa, 1908 pR0 39 / 5. zrImAla purANa, pR0 633-63 / 6. jabiuriso, 1923, mArca, pR0 28 / 7. eri saradAra myUjiyama jodhapura, 1922, ka0 20 / 8. zrI prazasti saMgraha, 47 / 9. zopa, 3, kra0 1 / 10. vhii|

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196 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma kA pArzvanAtha mandira bahuta prasiddha thA, jisake camatkAroM ke varNana vibhinna tIrtha mAlAoM meM milate haiN|' isa mUlanAyaka kI prazaMsA meM 1605 I0 meM puNya kamala ne "pArzvanAtha stavana" ko racanA kI / 2 mahimA ne apanI "caityaparipATI" meM zrImAla ke 6 jaina mandiroM kA vivaraNa diyA hai|3 madhyakAla meM racita vibhinna tIrtha mAlAoM se zrImAla kI zrI sampannatA ke bAre meM vividha jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| ___ zrImAla pUrva madhyakAla evaM madhyakAla meM mahattvapUrNa sAhityika kendra thaa| prasiddha khagola zAstrI brahmagupta ne "brahmasphuTa siddhAnta" kI racanA yahIM para 628 I0 meM kii| zizupAla vadha ke lekhaka mAgha bhI 680 I0 meM yahIM rahate the| zrImAla ke hI mUla nivAsI evaM udbhaTa vidvAn siddharSi ne 905 I0 meM "upamitibhavaprapaMcAkathA" kI racanA kii| isI prakAra 1327 I0 meM zAnti caritra" kI eka prati bhI likhI gaI 5 guNa vijaya ne "vijaya prazasti kAvya" kI TIkA kA kucha bhAga yahIM para likhA tathA 1595 I0 meM vijaya gaNI ne yahIM para "jaina rAmAyaNa'' rcii|6|| jainiyoM evaM brAhmaNoM meM, zrImAla jAti yahIM se astitva meM aayo| 8vIM zatAbdI meM, zrImAla ke katipaya nivAsiyoM ko, jaina mata meM parivartita kiyA gayA thA / poravAloM kI utpatti bhI 8vIM zatAbdI meM yahIM se batAI jAtI hai| zrImAla nagara ke pUrvI dvAra ke nivAsI dharmAntaraNa ke pazcAt poravAla kahalAye / bijauliyA jaina mandira kA nirmAtA lolAka poravAla vaMzI va zrImAla pahana kA nivAsI thaa| (15) osiyA tIrtha : osiyA, jodhapura se 52 ki0 mI0 uttara-pazcima meM hai aura mandiroM kA nagara hai| prazastiyoM evaM abhilekhoM ke AdhAra para isake prArambhika nAma uvakeza', upakeza', jJAta hote haiN| yaha eka prAcIna nagara hai| 8vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM isa para gurjara pratihAra vatsarAja kA zAsana thaa| yaha tathya mahAvIra mandira se khoje gaye eka abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai| usa samaya osiyA mandiroM se veSTita, vibhinna dharmAnuyAyiyoM se pUrNa, 1. zopa / 2. jaisapra, 9, pR0 114 / 3. vhii| 4. vhii| 5. gAosi, 76, pR0 156 / 6. zopa, 3, kra0 1 / 7. ei, 26, pR0 99 / 8. gAosi, 76, pR0 156 / 9. nAjailesa, kra0 788, zloka 9 / 10. vhii|

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jaina tIrtha : 197: eka pragatizIla nagara thA / 9vIM zatAbdI ke madhya meM AbhoroM ke vidhvaMsa ke phalasvarUpa yaha nagara ujar3a gayA / 861 I0 meM kakkuka ne AbhIroM se ise vApasa hastagata kiyA | 2 kucha samaya pazcAt zrImAla ke rAjakumAra ne yahA~ ke pratihAra zAsakoM ke pAsa zaraNa lI aura isa nagara ko punaH AbAda karavAyA / pratihAroM va cauhAnoM ke zAsana meM osiyA jaina va brAhmaNa dharma kA gar3ha ho gayA / yahA~ 18 jaina va brAhmaNa mandira haiM, jo do kSetroM meM saMkendrita haiM / pahale kSetra meM prAcIna 11 mandira va dUsare kSetra meM pazcAdvartI mandirau kA samUha hai / prAcIna mandira eka jaisI zailI se nirmita haiM tathA jhAlarApATana, AvAM ke mandiroM jaise zilpa sauSThava vAle haiM / ye mandira 700 I0 ke bAda va 800 I0 ke pUrvaM ke pratIta hote haiM, jaisA ki mahAvIra mandira ke zilAlekha se bhI pramANita hotA hai ki yaha vatsarAja pratihAra ke kAla ( 783 I-792 I0 ) kA nirmita hai| ye prAcIna mandira choTI saMracanAe~ haiM, kintu sAdagI aura manoramatA inakI mukhya vizeSatA hai / koI bhI do mandira, yojanA kI dRSTi se eka jaise nahIM haiM / pratyeka ko apanI maulikatA hai jo anyatra dekhane ko nahIM milatI / osiyA mandira samUha kA sarvazreSTha pratinidhitva mahAvIra jaina mandira karatA hai / yaha mandira eka ghere ke bIca meM jagatI para sthita hai / ghere se saTe huye aneka koSTha bane hue haiM / mandira sundarAkRti hai tathA maMDapa ke stambhoM kI kArIgarI darzanIya hai / isakI zikharAdi saMracanA nAgara zailI kI hai / mandira meM toraNa, sabhA maNDapa, raMgamaNDapa va garbhagRha haiM / 8vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM nirmita isa mandira meM samaya-samaya para parivarddhana, saMzodhana va pariSkAra kArya hotA rahA, kintu usakA maulika rUpa naSTa nahIM hone pAyA / usakA kalAtmaka saMtulana banA huA hai evaM aitihAsika mahatva rakhatA hai / mahAvIra mandira meM 895 I0 kA abhilekha -yukta eka mAnastambha thA, jo aba kSatigrasta hai / eka anya mandira sacciya mAtA kA hai / isakI sthApanA bhI 8vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha kI pratIta hotI hai, kintu isakA adhikAMza bhAga jaisA abhI dRzya hai, ke anusAra 12vIM zatAbdI ke madhya kA pratIta hotA hai / isa devI ko bhI jainiyoM meM bahuta adhika mAnyatA hai / 1 osiyA jaina dharma se vizeSa rUpa se saMbaddha rhaa| jAti osavAla kI utpatti yahIM se, ke upadezoM se huI / 3 ratnaprabhasUri ke aura osiyA, jo brAhmaNa dharma kA gar3ha 1. nAjailesa / 2. ei, 9, 10279-281 / 3. esiTArA, pR0 183 // uttarI bhArata kI pramukha jaina sambhavataH navIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt ratnaprabhasUri upadezoM se jaina dharma kI prabhAvanA meM vRddhi huI thA, vahA~ jaina mata bahuta lokapriya ho gayA /

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28: madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma mahAvIra mandira nirantara tIrtha kSetra banA rhaa| mandira samiti ke anunaya para 957 I0 meM jindaka nAma ke vyApArI ne mahAvIra mandira kA jIrNoddhAra karavAyA / ' mandira ke toraNa kA nirmANa 978 I0 meM haa|2 954 I0 ke abhilekha yukta eka bhagna ghAtu-pratimA, nikaTa hI dharmazAlA kI nIMva ke utkhanana meM prApta huI hai / eka pratimA kA 1043 I0 ke lekha yukta bhagna aMza bhI prApta huA hai| 1011 I0 ke abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki karkAcArya ke ziSya devadatta dvArA zAntinAtha kI eka pratimA upakezIya caitya meM sthApita kI gaI thii|3 1188 I0 ke do abhilekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki pAlihyA kI putrI aura yazodhara kI patnI ne apanA makAna mahAvIra kA ratha rakhane ke lie rathAgAra banAne hetu bheMTa meM diyA thaa| kakka sUri dvArA 1338 I0 meM racita "nAbhinandana jinoddhAra" se jJAta hotA hai ki "nardama" nAmaka svarNima ratha, zahara meM, varSa meM eka bAra ghumAyA jAtA thaa| kakka sUri kI yaha kRti osiyA ke nivAsiyoM, osavAloM ke 18 gotroM, nagara ke jala srotoM, kuNDoM Adi kI mahatvapUrNa jAnakArI pradAna karatI hai| 12vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya siddhasena sUri ne "sakala tIrtha stotra" meM osiyA jaina tIrtha kA sandarbha diyA hai| 1031 I0, 1174 I0, 1177 I0, 1202 I0, 1381 I0, 1433 10, 1456 I0, 1477 I0, 1492 I0, 1555 I0, 1626 I0, 1701 I0 Adi varSoM ke yahA~ se khoje gaye vibhinna abhilekhoM se pramANita hotA hai ki yaha mandira zatAbdiyoM se zvetAmbara jainiyoM kA pavitra tIrtha rahA hai| zvetAmbara sampradAya meM upakeza gaccha kI utpatti osiyA se huii| 1202 I0 kA, upakeza gaccha ke ullekha vAlA abhilekha osiyA se hI khojA gayA hai| isa gaccha kA ullekha sirohI ke ajArI gAMva ke 1137 I. ke abhilekha meM bhI milatA hai| yaha gaccha 13vIM zatAbdI se 16vIM zatAbdI taka jaisalamera, udayapura va sirohI rAjyoM meM vizeSa 1. bAsaieri, 1908-09, pR0 109 / 2. nAlesa, kra0 789 / 3. jairA, pR0 97 / 4. nAjalesa, kra0 806,807 / 5. bhapApai, pR0 159 / 6. gAmosi, 76, pR0 156 / 7. Asaieri, 1908-09, pR0 102 / 8. nAjailesa, 1, kra0 791 / 9. aprajailesa, kra0 404 /

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jena toyaM : 199 lokapriya rahA / ina kSetroM meM isa gaccha ke ullekha vAle kaI abhilekha khoje gaye haiN|' mandiroM kI nagarI osiyA kA muslima AkramaNoM se vidhvaMsa ho gyaa| "upakeza gaccha prabandha" se jJAta hotA hai ki 1195 I0 meM muslima senAoM ne, idhara se gujarate samaya, isa kasbe ko dhvasta kara ddaalaa| sambhavataH yaha muhammada gorI ke, ajamera ke pRthvIrAja cauhAna tRtIya ke viruddha AkramaNa ke daurAna huaa| (16) mer3atA tIrtha jodhapura se 117 ki0 mI0 uttara-pUrva meM mer3atA kasbA sthita hai| isake prAcIna nAma "meDAMtaka"3 aura mer3atapura the| madhyakAla meM yaha "medinIpura" ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thaa| isakA sarvaprathama ullekha 837 I0 ke pratihAra sAmanta bAuka ke kAla ke jodhapura abhilekha meM milatA hai| zAnti kuzala ne 1670 I0 meM likhI "zrIgaur3IpArzva-tIrthamAlA" meM mer3atA kA jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai| dharmanidhAna ke ziSya dharmakIrti ne apanI "meDatA caitya paripATI" meM yahA~ 10 jaina mandira hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| dayAvardhana ne bhI yahA~ ke mukhya mandira kA varNana kiyA hai| mer3atA asaMdigdha rUpa se prAcIna kasbA hai, kintu purAtAtvika avazeSoM kI dRSTi se 11vIM zatAbdI ke do stambha va lakSmI maMdira kI kucha saMracanAe~ hI, mugala kAla se pUrva kI, avaziSTa haiM / jaina tIrtha va jaina dharma kA kendra hone kA ullekha sAhityika pramANoM se hI prApta hai|9 11vIM zatAbdI meM abhayadeva sUri ne meDatA meM yakSa, kadaMba Adi, bar3I saMkhyA meM, brAhmaNoM ko jaina mata meM dharmAMtarita karake, yahA~ mandira kA nirmANa krvaayaa| inake ziSya hemacandra ne 1113 I0 meM yahAM "bhava bhAvanA" kI racanA kii|1 1113 I0 meM hI unhoMne "kSatrapallI" kI svopajJa TIkA sahita racanA kii| cauhAna zAsaka mAladeva ke Agraha para jinacandra sUri 1322 I0 meM mer3atA Aye aura 24 dina taka 1. nAjailesa, 2, 3 evaM aprajailesa 2. lahara, 2, aMka 8, pR0 14 / 3. pITarasana riporTa, 3, pR0 274 / 4. ei, 18, 10 98 / 5. vhii| 6. jaisapra, 5, pR0 266-268 / 7. jaina tIrtha sarva saMgraha, pR0 198 / 8. vhii| 9. esiTArA, pR0 178 / 10. sabhA, 3, pR0 274 / 11. jaisapra0, pR0 85 /

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. 200 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jenadhamaM yahA~ vihAra kiyA / " 1323 I0 meM dillI ke seTha ke sAtha tIrthayAtrA para yahA~ Aye the, usa samaya Ayojana kiyA gayA thaa| 3 jaina dharma kI gatividhiyA~ muslimakAla meM bhI satata rUpa se calatI rahIM / jodhapura ke rAThaura zAsaka mAladeva ke zAsanakAla meM " SaTkarma - granthavacUri 3 ko pratilipi aura 1538 I0 meM "aNuvrata ratnapradIpa 14 likhI gaI / hIravijaya sUri, jinako akabara ne " jagadguru" kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA thA, bhI yahA~ Aye the aura muslima rAjyapAla sAdina ne unakA bhavya svAgata kiyA thA / eka bhavya samAroha ke uparAnta, hIrabijaya sUri ne siMha vijaya sUri ko mer3atA meM ho upAdhyAya kI padavI dI thI / " mAladeva ke zAsana kAla meM yahA~ kaI hastalikhita graMthoM kI pratilipiyA~ kI gaIM / hIra kalaza ne 1579 I0 meM yahIM para "siMhAsana battIsI" kI racanA kI / 1670 I0 meM, zAhajahA~ ke zAsanakAla meM AzAkaraNa ne zAntinAtha kI pratiSThA apane hI mandira meM sthApita kI / usane saMghapati ke rUpa meM, AbU aura vimalAcala kI tIrtha yAtrAe~ Ayojita kI tathA jinarAja sUri ko " sUripada" milane ke upalakSa meM "naMdi mahotsava" Ayojita karavAyA / madhyakAlIna udbhaTa vidvAn samayasundara yadyapi gujarAta ke the, kintu bAda meM ve mAravAr3a meM A gaye aura mer3atA meM rahakara unhoMne 1615 I0 meM " samAcAra zataka", "vizeSa zataka", priyamelaka rAsa", 1616 I0 meM " gAthA lakSaNa" aura 1621 I0 meM "sItA rAma prabaMdha" kI racanA kI / " kanaka vijaya ke ziSya guNavijaya ne "vijayasena sarinirvANa svAdhyAya' kI racanA mer3atA meM ko / " rAyapati, jina kuzala sUri evaM saMgha zrAvakoM dvArA bhavya utsava kA bhI sAmAjika evaM jAtIya dRSTi se mer3atA kA atyadhika mahatva isa kAraNa rahA ki yahA~ vaizyoM ko 123 jAtiyoM meM se eka " mer3atavAla" jAti kI utpatti huI / 1529 I0 meM hIrakalaza dvArA racita "siMhAsana battIsI" meM bhI isakA ullekha milatA hai / 1. khabagu, pR0 68 / 2. vahI, pR0 73 // 3. zrI prazasti saMgraha, saMkhyA 334 / 4. bhaTTAraka saMpradAya, kra0 279 / 5. jaina tIrthasarvasaMgraha, pR0 197-198 // 6. jaiguka, 1, pR0 235 / 7. proriAsavesa, 1910, pR0 62 / 8. jaiguka, pR0 347, 361, 389 / 9. vahI, pR0 521 /

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jaina tIrtha : 202 ( 17 ) jAlora yA jAbAlipura ( suvarNagiri tIrtha ) : jAlaura, jodhapura ke 120 ki0 mI0 dakSiNa meM, sUkar3I nadI ke bAyeM pArzva para sthita hai / isakA prAcIna nAma "jAbAlipura" thaa| nikaTavartI eka pahAr3I ke kAraNa yaha "suvarNagiri" aura "kAMcanagiri' bhI kahalAne lgaa| 'kuvalayamAlA" se yaha spaSTa hai ki 8vIM zatAbdI meM yahA~ pratihAra vatsarAja kA zAsana thA tathA yaha eka bhavya, saMpanna evaM dhArmika nagara thaa| pUrva madhyakAla meM yaha pavitra jaina tIrtha thaa| siddhasena sUri ne apanI tIrthamAlA meM jAbAlipura jaina tIrtha kA sasammAna ullekha kiyA hai| yahA~ ke AdinAtha, mahAvIra, zAMtinAtha aura pArzvanAtha jaina maMdira prasiddha the| ina maMdiroM kA samaya-samaya para jIrNoddhAra hotA rahA aura zraddhAlu, zrAvaka dAna aura bheMTa Adi dete rahe / yahA~ kA prAcInatama maMdira AdinAtha kA hai, jo 778 I0 meM bhI astitva meM thA, kyoMki udyotana sUri ne "kuvalayamAlA" isa maMdira meM hI racI thii| samarasiMha ke rAjyakAla meM, 1182 I. meM, yazovIra nAmaka zrIlAlI vaizya ne apane bhAI yazarAja, jagadhara tathA goSThI ke samasta sadasyoM ke sAtha AdinAtha maMdira meM eka maMDapa banavAyA thA / dUsarA pArzvanAtha maMdira hai, jo 1164 I0 meM cAlukya zAsaka dvArA kAMcanagirI dugaM para, hemacandra ke upadezoM se prerita hokara banavAyA gayA thaa| ise kumAra vihAra" bhI kahA jAtA hai / mahArAjA samarasiMha deva ke AdezoM se bhaNDArI yazovIra ne 1185 I0 meM ise punanirmita karavAyA / pUrNa devAcArya dvArA isa maMdira ke toraNa kI pratiSThA aura dhvajArohaNa saMpanna huA thaa| nATyazAlA ke sabhAmaMDapa para svarNa kalaza car3hAne kA utsava rAmacaMdrAcArya dvArA 1211 I0 meM, dIpotsava ke dina sampanna karavAyA gayA thA / / 1239 I0 abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki nAgaura ke lAhir3I ne AdinAtha kI eka pratimA, pArzvanAtha maMdira meM sthApita kI thii|5 1296 I0 meM narapati ne, apanI patnI nAyaka devI ke AdhyAtmika kalyANa ke nimitta, apane parivAra ke sadasyoM evaM saMghapati gaNadhara ke sAtha eka bAjAra kA bhavana yA godAma pArzvanAtha maMdira ko diyA thA, tAki usake kirAye kI Aya se goSThI prativarSa "paMcamI balI' kA Ayojana karatI rhe| 1. jabiuriso, 1928, mArca, pR0 28 / 2. ei, 26, pR0 73 / 3. ei, 11, pR0 54 / 4. vahI, pR0 55 / 5. jainatIrtha sarvasaMgraha, pR0 187 / 6. ei, 11, pR0 60 /

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202 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma tRtIya, mahAvIra mandira yA khandana vihAra hai, jo nAnaka gaccha se sambandhita rahA / 13vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, mahendra sUri ne apanI " aSTottarI tIrthamAlA" meM "yakSa ka sati" kA ullekha sambhavataH isa mandira ke liye hI kiyA hai / " vaha mandira pratihAra zAsaka nAiDarAva dvArA nirmita batAyA jAtA hai / isa mahAvIra mandira meM varadeva ne eka bhavya pArzvanAtha kakSa kA nirmANa karavAyA / 1263 I0 ke abhilekhAnusAra rAvala lakSmIdhara ne isa mandira ko 100 drama kI bheMTa dI thii| 1226 I0 meM narapati nAmaka teliyA osavAla ne isa mandira ke liye 50 drama kA aMzadAna diyA thA / vijayaprabha sUri ne apanI " tIrthaM mAlA" meM isa mandira kA ullekha kiyA hai / ataH yaha mandira 14vIM zatAbdI meM bhI astitva meM thA / 1224 I0 meM jinezvara sUri ne mandira para dhvajA phaharAI, tathA 1253 I0 meM cauhAna zAsaka udayasiMha evaM sabhAsadoM kI upasthiti meM mahAvIra mandira meM tIrthaMkaroM, AcAryoM evaM anya pratimAoM kA pratiSThA mahotsava sampanna karavAyA gayA, jise dekhane pAlanapura aura vAgar3a ke nivAsI bhI Aye the / jAbAlipura meM 13vIM zatAbdI meM zAMtinAtha aura aSTApada mandira bhI the / cAcigadeva ke zAsana kAla meM 1259 I0 meM padasU aura mUliMga ne zAMtinAtha jaina mandira para svarNa kalaza car3hAye the / 7 mandira meM mUrtiyA~ jinezvara sUri dvArA harSollAsa ke bIca rakhavAI gaI thIM / AbU ke lUNavasahi jaina mandira ke 1259 I0 ke abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki jAlaura meM aSTApada mandira thA / devacandra ne yahA~ do cabUtare banavAye the tathA 1594 I0 taka yaha mandira astitva meM thA, jaisA ki nAgarSi kI "jAlura nagara paMca jinAlaya: caitya paripATI" se jJAta hotA hai / " jainAcAryoM ke bArambAra Agamana se yahA~ "vidhi caitya" Andolana ko bala milA / yahA~ ke zAsakoM ne bhI svayaM bhAga lekara inako protsAhana evaM saMvardhana pradAna kiyA - jinapati sUri ko mRtyu ke bAda, jinezvara sUri jAbAlipura se vizeSa rUpa se saMbaddha rahe / unakI dIkSA yahIM huI va 1221 I0 meM AcArya bhI yahIM bne| unake sammAna meM yahA~ 1. jainatIrthaM sarvasaMgraha, pR0 187 / 2. jaisapra, pR0 143 / 3. proriAsavesa, 1909, pR055 / 4. vahI / 5. jaisapra 17, pR0 15 / 6. khabagu, pR0 50-51 / 7. vahI, pR0 51 1 8. aprajailesa, kra0 279 / 9. jaisa, 7, dIpotsavAMka /

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jaina tIrtha : 203 kaI Ayojana hote rahane kA varNana milatA hai / 1168 I0 meM jinacandra sUri yahA~ zrAvakoM meM vividha prakAra se vidhi mArga kA pracAra karane Aye / jAlaura sAhityika kendra bhI rahA / udyotana sUri ne vIrabhadra aura haribhadra se zikSA prApta kI va 778 I0 meM " kuvalayamAlA" kI racanA kI / 953 I0 meM jinezvara sUri ne haribhadra sUri ke " aSTaka saMgraha " para TIkA likhI / unake bar3e bhAI buddhisAgara : ne "paMcagraMthI vyAkaraNa yahIM para likhI / 2 / Asiga ne 1200 I0 ke AsapAsa " jIvadayArAsa" aura " candanabAlA rAsa" kI racanA kii| jinezvara sUri ne svaracitaH "zrAvaka-dharmAvidhi" nAmaka saMskRta racanA para 1260 I0 meM jAlaura meM TIkA likhI udayasiMha kA maMtrI yazovIra, apane samaya kA udbhaTa evaM bahuzruta vidvAn thA / somezvara: ne inheM kAvya pratibhA meM mAgha aura kAlidAsa se bhI bar3ha-car3ha kara batAyA hai / " vaha na kevala kavi, apitu kaviyoM, paMDitoM evaM vidvAnoM kA saMrakSaka bhI thA / usakI kalA marmajJatA kA anumAna isa bAta se lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki usane AbU meM vastupAla nirmita lUNavasahi mandira ke nirmANa meM 14 khAmiyAM nirdiSTa kI thIM / jinabhadra sUri ne 14vIM zatAbdI meM anya sthAnoM ke sAtha jAlaura meM bhI zAstra bhaNDAra sthApita kiyA / madhyakAla meM jaina vidvAnoM ne purAnI hindI meM racanAe~ kIM / dharma samudra gaNI ne 1510 I0 meM "sumitra kumAra rAsa" kI racanA kI / " sAMsA ne 1582 I0 meM " kavi vilhaNa paMcAzikA caupAI9, 1594 I0 meM " bhoja prabandha caupAI 10 aura 1618 I0 meM "bhAvaSaT - trizikA " kI racanA yahIM para kI / 11 1612 I0 meM dAmodara ne "madana kumAra 112 rAsa 1637 I0 meM samaya sundara ne "vrataratnAkaravRtti " 3, 1678 I0 meM dharmavarddhana " 1. khabagu, pR0 50-51 / 2. jainatIrtha sarvasaMgraha, pU0 188 / 3. bhAratIya vidyA, 3, pR0 201 / 4. jaisAsa, pR0 412 / 5. kIrti kaumudI, 1 26 / 7 6. jaina tIrthaM sarva saMgraha, pR0 190 / 7. jaisapra 16, pR0 16 / 8. jaiguka, 1, pR0 117 / 9. vahI, 2, pR0 801 / 10. vahI, pR0 906 / 11. abhaya jaina granthAlaya, gra0 saM0 8089 / 12. jaiguka, 2, pR0 906 / 13. vahI, 1, pR0 374, 389 /

Page #227
204 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma ne "parihaMbattIsI" va "akSara battIsI"1, 18vIM zatAbdI meM karamacandra ne "rohiNI caupAI" evaM tilakacandra ne "dezI paradezI caupAI 2 kI racanA jAlaura meM hI kii| osavAla, sarAvagI va mahezvarI jAtiyoM meM sonI gotra kA udbhava jAlaura ke svarNagiri se hI huA, jo "sonagarA" va kAlakrama meM kevala sonI raha gayA / 1300 I0 ke abhilekha meM ullikhita narapati evaM usake pitA Adi osavAla sonI hI the| sonagarA rAjapUta bhI hote haiN| (18) sAMcaura tIrtha : ___ sA~caura, jodhapura se 212 ki0 mI0 dakSiNa-pazcima meM, lUNI nadI ke kinAre avasthita hai| isake prAcIna nAma "satyapurA" aura "saccapurA" the| muslima zAsana meM isakA nAma "mahamUdAbAda' rakha diyA gayA thaa| yaha kasbA 10vIM zatAbdI meM bhI astitva meM thaa| sA~caura, jaina evaM zaiva dharmoM kA kendra thA / mahAvIra mandira ke kAraNa yaha jaina tIrtha mAnA jAtA thA / "jagacitAmaNi" nAmaka prAcIna caityavaMdana stotra meM isa tIrtha kA agAdha bhakti pUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai| mAlavA ke rAjA bhoja ke darabAra ke kavi dhanapAla sA~caura Aye the| yahA~ unhoMne mahAvIra pratimA kI bhakti evaM sammAna meM apabhraMza kavitA "satyapurIya mahAvIra utsAha" kI racanA kii| isa kavitA meM varNita hai ki zrImAla, candrAvatI, anhilavAr3A aura somanAtha dhvasta ho gaye, kintu satyapurA ke vIra, jo manuSyoM ko prasannatA hai, dhvasta nahIM hye| yaha prArthanA unake dvArA anya sabhI sthAnoM kI pratimAoM kI tulanA meM sarvAdhika sundara mAnI gaI hai / jinaprabha sUri dvArA diye gaye eka vivaraNa ke anusAra yaha pratimA maNDora ke nAhar3a ke dvArA banAI gaI thii| mUla pratimA potala kI thI, jo jAjjiga sUri ke dvArA sthApita kI gaI thI / alAuddIna khilajI ne apane 1310 I0 ke AkramaNa meM mandira dhvasta kara diyA tathA mUrti ko dillI le jAkara Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara diye| yaha jaina mandira aba astitva meM nahIM hai| muslima dharmAndhatA ne isakA samUla nAza kara diyA, kintu kucha abhilekha mandira ke sambandha meM phira bhI prakAza 1. abhaya jaina granthAlaya, gra0 saM0 8046, 8113 / 2. jaiguka, 2, pR0 1330, 1332 / 3. esiTArA, pR0 198 / 4. proriAsavesa, 1908, pR0 35 / 5. esiTArA, pR0 198 / 6. jainatIrtha sarvasaMgraha, pR0 303 / 7. jaisaMzo, 3, aMka 1 / 8. vitIka, pR0 28 /

Page #228
- jaina tIrtha : 205 DAlate haiM / 1185 I0 meM, bhaNDArI tomA kI patnI dhaskI ne, satyapurA meM solaMkI bhImadeva dvitIya ke zAsana kAla meM catuSkikA kI marammata krvaaii| 1220 I0 meM saMghapati harIzacandra ne eka maMDapa nirmita krvaayaa|' 1265 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM ullekha hai ki mahAvIra mandira meM osavAla bhaNDArI chAdhikA ne eka catuSkikA kA jIrNoddhAra karavAyA / gurjara rAjA ajayapAla (1172 I0-76I0) ke maMtrI alhar3a ne, isa mandira meM pArzvanAtha kI eka pratimA sthApita kii|3|| sA~caura meM samaya-samaya para jainAcArya Ate rahate the| 1226 I0 meM jinakuzala sari sAMcaura Aye aura unakA harSollAsapUrvaka svAgata kiyA gyaa| isI prakAra jaba jinapadma sUri vApasa 1334 I0 meM sA~caura Aye taba cauhAna zAsaka rANA haripAla ne unakA bhavya svAgata kiyaa| mahArAjA dUdA apane nAyakoM ke sAtha tIrtha yAtrA ke daurAna yahA~ bhI Aye aura eka dAna bhaNDAra kI 1434 I0 meM sthApanA kii|6 1463 I0 meM sA~caura ke jAvar3a ratnA aura kara masI ne kakka sUri ke dvArA candraprabha kI pratimA kI sthApanA kii| jaina tIrtha hone ke kAraNa jainAcArya va kaI vidvAnoM ne yahA~ rahakara sAhitya sevA kii| hIrAnanda sUri ne 1438 I0 meM "jambU svAmina vivAhalU" kI racanA kii| 1428 I0 meM racita 'vidyAvilAsa pAvar3A' meM sA~caura kA sandarbha hai| jinabhadra sUri ne 1431 I0 meM "nando sUtra vRtti" kA saMzodhana kiyA tathA saMgha ke adhyayana ke liye, unhoMne mahAvIra kI prazasti meM "mahAvIra gItA" kI racanA kii| zAMtiratna gaNI ne, jinasena gaNI kI sahAyatA se 1442 I0 meM "dazavakAlika vRtti" meM saMzodhana yahIM raha kara kiyaa|12 1446 I0 meM labdhi vijaya gaNI ne "bhuvana bhAnu kevali caritra" kI 1. proriAsavesa, 1908, pR0 35 / 2. vhii| 3. jaisAsai, pR0 342 / 4. khabRgu, pR0 80 / 5. vahI, pR0 86 / 6. jaisapra, pR0 360 / 7. nAjailesa, 2, kra0 1128 / 8. jaiguka, 2, pR0 429 / 9. vahI, 1, pR0 25 / 10. jaisapra, pR0 25 / 11. jaiguka, 2, pR0 1478 / 12. jaisapra, pR0 335 /

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206 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 'pratilipi' tathA 1567 I0 meM mUSavAcaka ne 'gajasukumAla sachiu 2 sAMcaura meM hI "likhI / 1472 I0 meM racita eka tIrthamAlA meM, sA~caura tIrtha bhI vaNita hai / jinaharSa aura kuzaladhIra ne 1635 I0 meM "bhRgapatra caupAI" kI racanA kI / yaha samaya sundara kI janmasthalI thI aura 1620 I0 meM unhoMne yahA~ raha kara "sAMcaura-maMDana-vIrastavana" rcaa| (19) nAgadA, nAgadraha yA adrabhudajI tIrtha : ekaliMga kI pahAr3I kI goda meM avasthita nAgadA, purAtana mahatva kA sthAna hai|" saMskRta abhilekhoM ke anusAra, isake prAcIna nAma "nAgahRda" aura "nAgadraha" milate haiM / yaha kasbA 646 I0 meM zilAditya ke pitA nAgAditya ke dvArA sthApita kiyA gayA thaa| nAgadA pUrvavartI kAla meM jaina tIrtha thaa| 13vIM zatAbdI meM vizAlakorti ke ziSya madana kIrti ne apanI "zAsana-catustrizaTIkA" meM anya tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha nAgadraha ke pArzvanAtha kI bhI vandanA kI hai| jinaprabha sUri dvArA 1332 I0 meM likhita "vividha tIrtha kalpa" meM bhI isa tIrtha kA ullekha hai / ' pazcAdavartI tIrtha mAlAoM meM bhI isa tIrtha kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / sundara sUri ne nAgadraha pArzvanAtha kI stuti meM eka svatantra stotra kI racanA kI / deg tIrtha sthAna hone ke kAraNa yahA~ aneka jaina santa Ate rahate the| 1380 I0 ke "vijJapti mahAlekha" se jJAta hotA hai ki kharataragaccha ke jinodaya sUri apanI tIrtha yAtrA ke daurAna isa tIrtha para bhI Aye the / 11 vartamAna padmAvatI mandira vastutaH pUrvakAla kA prasiddha pArzvanAtha mandira thaa| yaha mandira iltutamiza ke AkramaNa ke samaya dhvasta kiyA gayA / mandira kA jIrNoddhAra karavAkara isameM nayI pratimAeM sthApita kI gaIM / pAsaDadeva aura saMghArAma ne 1299 I0. 1. jaiguka, 2, pR0 835 / 2. vahI, pR0 941 / 3. esiTArA, pari0 kra0 4 / 4. jaMguka, 2, 1266 / 5. esiTArA, pR0 213 / 6. ei, 20, pR0 97 / 7. jaisAaui, pR0 248 / 8. vitIka, pR0 86 evaM 106 / 9. esiTArA, pari0 kra. 9 / 10. jaisapra, 4, pR0 25 / 11. agaracanda nAhaTA ke pAsa hai|

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jaina tIrtha : 207 meM pAzvanAtha kI eka pratimA yahA~ sthApita karavAI thii|' 1334 I0 meM kelhA ne pAzvanAtha garbhagRha kA jIrNoddhAra karavAyA / / 1429 I0 meM eka poravAla vyApArI ne pArzvanAtha mandira meM eka devakulikA banavAI / yaha mandira mUla rUpa se digambara jainoM kA thA, kintu kumbhakaraNa ke zAsana kAla meM kharataragaccha ke anuyAyiyoM dvArA parivartita kara diyA gyaa| isa devAlaya meM eka bar3I ho rucikara pratimA hai, jisameM zilAphalaka ke madhya meM AbhA-maNDala yukta dhyAnasthajina, donoM pAzvoM meM tikonI TopI vAle cavarI dhAraka, gaNadhara tayA havA meM ur3ate huye devAdi utkIrNa haiM / 4 nAgadA meM jaina mandiroM ke bhagnAvazeSa bhI haiM, jinameM se eka pArzvanAtha mandira draSTavya hai / isameM garbhagRha, sabhAmaMDapa aura 2 gumbadoM sahita khulA barAmadA hai| zikhara evaM gumbada yadyapi Adhunika haiM, kintu garbhagRha kI alaMkRta dIvAreM aura sabhA maNDara 1373 I0 ke solaMkI kumArapAla ke kAla ke pratIta hote haiN| jaina mandira adbhudajI kA aisA nAma zAntinAtha kI vizAla Azcaryajanaka va camatkArI mUrti ke kAraNa par3A / yaha mandira kumbhakarNa ke rAjyakAla meM 1437 I0 meM devakUlapATaka ke poravAla jAti ke rAmadeva ke putra sAraMga nAmaka vyApArI ke dvArA banavAyA gayA thaa| isa mandira meM mahArANA kumbhA ke kAla meM 1438 I0 meM kunthunAtha aura abhinandana-nAtha ko vizAla abhilekha yukta pratimAeM haiN| madhyakAla meM jaina dharma ke nAgadA jAti ke loga bahuta dhArmika manovRtti ke the| inhoMne jaina muniyoM ko bheMTa meM dene ke liye kaI hastalikhita granthoM ko pratilipiyA~ taiyAra karavAI / 15voM zatAbdI meM huye bhaTTAraka jJAna bhUSaNa ne jaina mata kI nAgadA jAti ke itihAsa viSayaka "nAgadArAsa" nAmaka racanA likhii| (20) Ahar3a (AghATapura) tIrtha : Ahar3a nadI para basA, Ahar3a nAmaka gAMva udayapura se 3 ki0 mI0 pUrva meM hai / jaina smArakoM evaM abhilekhoM ke anusAra isakA prAcIna nAma "AghATapura" aura "ATapura" hai|6 10vIM zatAbdI meM yaha mevAr3a ke rANAoM ke pUrvaja guhiloM kI rAjadhAnI aura 1. proriAsavesa, 1905-06, pR0 63 / 2. vahI, kra0 2243 / 3. vahI, kra0 2242 / 4. vahI, 1905, pR0 61 / 5. ei, 4, pR0 30 / 6. ei, 39, pR0 187 /

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208 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma gaMgobheda tIrtha ke nAma se prasiddha thaa|' dhanapAla ne apanI kavitA "satyapurIya mahAvIra utsAha" meM isa sthAna ke mahAvIra kA bhI saMdarbha diyA hai / 2 12vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya aura lekhaka siddhasena sUri ne "sakala tIrtha stotra" meM isa sthAna kA ullekha kiyA hai| jagacandra sUri mahAna tapasvI jaina saMta the / unake tapa ko dekhakara 1228 I0 meM AghATa mevAr3a ke zAsaka jaisiMha ne unheM "tapA" kI upAdhi pradAna kii| jhAMjhaNa dharmaghoSa sUri ke sAtha apanI tIrthayAtrA ke daurAna saMgha sahita isa tIrtha ke darzanArtha bhI AyA thaa|" udAra guhila zAsakoM ke zAsana meM brAhmaNa dharma ke sAtha-sAtha isa sthAna para jaina dharma bhI puSpita, pallavita hotA rahA / "rAsasaMgraha" nAmaka racanA se jJAta hotA hai ki allaTa ke maMtrI ne yahA~ eka jaina mandira 10vIM zatAbdI ke madhya meM banavAyA thA aura usameM pArzvanAtha kI pratimA saMDeraka gaccha ke yazobhadra sUri ke dvArA sthApita kI gaI thii| yazobhadra sUri 972 I0 meM divaMgata hue, isa tathya kI puSTi jaina mandira kI devakulikA ke abhilekha se bhI hotI hai| isa abhilekha ke anusAra mayUra, zrIpati aura mattaTa kramazaH allaTa, naravAhana aura zakti kumAra ke akSapaTalika varNita kiye gaye haiM / inhoMne hI jaina mandira nirmita karavAyA hogaa| jaitrasiMha aura tejasiMha ke mukhya amAtya jagatasiMha aura samuddhAra ne bhI jaina dharma ko saMrakSaNa diyA / jaina santoM kI preraNA se yahA~ para kaI hastalikhita granthoM kI pratilipiyA~ rAjakIya saMrakSaNa meM likhI giiN| jaitrasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM "ogha niyukti" aura "pAkSika vRti" ko pratilipiyA~ tAr3apatroM para 1228 I0 evaM 1253 I0 meM likhI giiN| ina pratiyoM meM jagatasiMha nAmaka mantrI kA bhI ullekha hai / jagatasiMha ke putra tejasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM 1261 I0 meM AghATa meM samuddhAra ke maMtritvakAla meM "zrAvaka pratikramaNa cUNi"9 kI sacitra prati tAr3apatroM para taiyAra kI gaI / isameM 6 citra haiN| inase siddha hotA hai ki Ahar3a sAhityika kendra bhI thaa| 1. esiTArA, pR0 219 / 2. jaisaMzo, 3, aMka 1 / 3. gAosi, 76, pR0 156 / 4. vhii| 5. jaisAsai, pR0 395 / 6. ojhA, udayapura rAjya, pR0 133 / 7. pITarsana riporTa, 3, pR0 52 / 8. vahI, pR0 130 / 9. vahI, 5, pR0 23 /

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jaina tIrtha : 209 (21) nAgaura tIrtha : nAgaura, jodhapura saMbhAga meM jilA mukhyAlaya evaM purAtana mahatva kA eka pramukha nagara hai| prAcIna kAla meM isake kaI nAma the jaise-"nAgapurA", "nAgaura", "nAgapaTTana",3 "ahipura"4 aura 'bhujaMga nagara" 5 ojhA ke anusAra isakA prAcIna nAma "ahichatrapura" thA aura yaha jAMgaladeza kI rAjadhAnI thA / nAgaura ke lambe samaya taka muslima niyantraNa meM rahane ke kAraNa prAcIna hindU evaM jaina mandira dhvasta kara diye gaye, kintu sAhityika pramANoM se siddha hotA hai ki nAgaura jaina dharma kA mahattvapUrNa kendra thaa| bahuta prAcIna kAla se hI nAgaura kI jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM mAnyatA hai / 12vIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha lekhaka evaM AcArya siddhasena sUri ne apane "sakala tIrtha stotra" meM nAgaura kA jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai| yahA~ kaI jaina mandira the / kRSNarSi ke upadezoM se zreSTho nArAyaNa ne eka jaina mandira banavAyA thA aura 860 I0 meM usakA sthApanA samAroha sampanna huA thaa| yaha mandira "nArAyaNa svAmI' ke mandira ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| "nAgaura caitya paripATI" se jJAta hotA hai ki 17vIM zatAbdI meM bhI yaha mandira astitva meM thaa| 1105 I0 meM deva sUri ne hemacandra sUri ko AcArya kI padavI se vibhUSita kiyaa| isa upalakSya meM Ayojita utsava meM seTha dhandha ne apAra dhana vyaya kiyA / deg nAgaura ke zrAvakoM ke nimantraNa para kharatara gaccha ke jina vallabha sUri aura jinadatta sUri yahA~ Aye aura 12vIM zatAbdI meM unhoMne vidhi caitya kI sthApanA kI / / 1 dhanadeva nAma ke eka zrAvaka ne neminAtha mandira nirmita karavAyA aura isakA sthApanAsamAroha jinavallabha sUri ke dvArA karavAyA / 12 nAgaura meM muslima zAsana sthApita hone ke bAda bhI jaina dharma kI gatividhiyA~ 1. rAbhA, 1, pR0 47 / 2. gAosi, 76, pR0 156 / 3. ei, 12, pR0 25 / 4. poTarasana riporTa, 4, pR0 12 / 5. vahI, 2, pR0 54-55 / 6. ojhA nibaMdha saMgraha, pR0 19 / 7. gAosi, 76, pR0 156 / / 8. kumArapAlacaritra mahAkAvya prazasti / 9. jaisapra, 12, pR0 102 / 10. hemacandra kA jIvana, pR0 42 / 11. khabRgu / 12. jaisAsai, pR0 233 / 14

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210 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jenadhamaM 2 3 anavarata calatI rahIM / yahA~ ke zrAvakoM ne bhI vibhinna dharma saMghoM ke sAtha kaI bAra jaina tIrthoM kI yAtrAe~ sampanna kIM / " pethar3azAha ne 13vIM zatAbdI meM eka jaina mandira banavAyA thA, kintu usameM pratimAe~ 15vIM va 16vIM zatAbdI meM sthApita kI gaIM / 1467 I0 meM AdityanAga gotra ke zrIvanta aura zivarata ne upakeza gaccha ke kakka sUri ke dvArA zItalanAtha kI pratimA kA sthApanA -samAroha sampanna karavAyA, 3 1502 I0 meM sAMDaka ne apanI patnI ke sAtha devagupta sUri ( upakeza gaccha ) ke dvArA kunthunAtha kI pratimA kA sthApanA-samAroha Ayojita karavAyA / 1536 I0 meM upakeza gaccha ke siddharSi dvArA AdityanAga gotra ke karmasI ne zItalanAtha kI pratimA kA sthApanA - samAroha sampanna karavAyA / " ukta tathyoM se saMketa milatA hai ki nAgaura meM upakeza gaccha ke anuyAyI vipula saMkhyA meM the / hIravijaya sUri, jinako akabara ne "jagadguru" kI upAdhi dI thI, ne 1587 I0 meM cAturmAsa nAgaura meM hI vyatIta kiyA thA / jinacandra sUri, jinako akabara ne " yugapradhAna " kI upAdhi pradAna kI thI, ve bhI akabara ke nimantraNa para lAhaura jAte samaya nAgaura hokara gaye the / 1610 I0 meM zAnti kuzala sUri dvArA likhita "gaur3I - pAzvaM - tIrtha mAlA" meM bhI nAgaura kA jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullekha hai / jaina tIrtha hone ke sAtha-sAtha nAgaura sAhityika kendra bhI rahA / kRSNaSi ke ziSya jayasiMha sUri ne 858 I0 meM "dharmopadezamAlA vivaraNa" yahA~ ke eka jaina mandira meM likhI / candra sUri ne 1177 I0 meM "upadezavRtti" nAgaura meM hI likhanA prArambha kiyA thA / jinavallabha ke eka zrAvaka padmAnanda ne " vairAgya zataka" kI racanA kI / dhanezvara, lAhar3a aura devacandra ne 1239 I0 meM "pAkSikasUtra cUrNi vRtti" aura 1244 I0 meM "paMcAgI sUtravRtti" kI pratiyA~ vibhinna zAstra bhaNDAroM ko bheMTa meM dene ke liye taiyAra karavAIM / 15vIM zatAbdI meM jinabhadra nAgaura meM bhI zAstra bhaNDAra sthApita kiyA / " samaya sundara ne "zatruMjaya rAsa" sUri ne anya sthAnoM ke sAtha 1. khabRgu, pR0 63 / 2. jaisAsai, pR0 405 / 3. nAjailesa, kra0 1274 / 4. bIjailesa, kra0 2533 / 5. vahI, kra0 2537 / 6, jaisapra, 5, pR0 366-368 / 7. jaisAsa, pR0 243 // 8. vahI, pR0 233 / 9. jaina pustaka prazasti saMgraha, pR0 122-123 / 10. jaisapra 16, pR0 16 /

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jaina tIrtha : 211 aura "kSamAchattIsI" kI racanA yahIM para kii| tapAgaccha kI eka zAkhA nAgapuriyA gaccha kA udbhava yahIM se huaa| vAdideva suri ke eka ziSya padmaprabha sUri ne 1117 I0 meM nAgaura meM kaThina tapa kiyA, ataH unheM "nAgoriyA tapA" kI upAdhi pradAna kI gii| 15vIM zatAbdI meM loMkA gaccha kI eka zAkhA nAgaura ke nAma se hI prasiddha huii| mUlasaMgha bhaTTAraka jinacandra ke jIvana kAla meM inake do ziSya prabhAcandra evaM ratnakIrti ne 15vIM zatAbdI meM nAgaura meM eka pathak gAdI sthApita kara lii| sAmAjika evaM jAtIya dRSTi se nAgaura kA atyadhika mahatva rhaa| osavAla vaMzAvaliyoM ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki nAgaura meM AdityanAga aura bappa nAga gotroM ke jaina matAvalambI adhika saMkhyA meM rahate the| anya kaI jAtiyoM meM bhI isa sthAna se sambandhita gotra pAye jAte haiM / (22) khaMDelA tIrtha : sIkara se 45 kilomITara dUra khaNDelA kasbA sthita hai| yaha eka purAtana mahatva kA kasbA hai, jahA~ prAcIna mandiroM evaM smArakoM ke kaI bhagnAvazeSa bikhare hue haiN| sAhityika pramANoM ke AdhAra para isake prAcIna nAma "khaNDillA" aura "khaNDelaparA" milate haiN| isa sthAna se IsA pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI ke zilAlekha bhI khoje gaye haiN| pUrvakAla meM yahA~ zaiva dharma kA pracAra adhika thaa| jinasenAcArya ne yahA~ ke cauhAna zAsaka ko prajA sahita jaina mata meM dharmAntarita karake khaNDelavAla jAti ko utpanna kiyaa| sambhavataH yaha 8vIM zatAbdI meM huaa| khaMDelA prasiddha jaina tIrtha thaa| siddhasena sUri kRta "sakalatIrtha stotra" meM jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM isakA ullekha hai / sambhavataH jaina mata kA khaNDelA gaccha yahIM se udbhUta huaa| yahA~ kA sarAvagI mandira atyadhika purAnA hai, kintu khaNDita avasthA meM hai aura dhvasta hai / yaha 10vIM zatAbdI se bhI adhika purAnA hai|' madhyakAla kI kaI mUrtiyA~ bhI 1. abhaya grantha bhaNDAra, grasa0 4358, 4455 / 2. jaigraprasa, pR0 3 / 3. khabRgu, pR0 96 / 4. erirAmyua, 1934-35, kr01| 5. yaha khaNDelavAla vaMzAvalI ke dvArA prApta sUcanA para AdhArita hai / 6. esiTArA, pR0 262 / 7. gAosi, 76, pR0 156 / 8. proriAsavesa, 1910, pR0 57 /

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212 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma yahA~ se khojI gaI haiN| 998 I0 kI "dharmaratnAkara" kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki isake lekhaka jayasena khaNDelA Aye the aura unhoMne dharmopadezoM se janatA ko atyadhika prabhAvita kiyA thA / 2 1289 I0 meM jinaprabha sUri bhI khaNDelapurA Aye aura apane upadezoM se unhoMne bahuta se logoM ko jaina mata meM dharmAntarita kiyA / jaina dharma ke pracAra prasAra ke liye mUla saMgha ke bhaTTAraka jinacandra sUri ke ziSya brAhmaNika bhI 1461 I0 meM Aye / isa samaya palha ke putra zAha gurjara aura jagasI ne unheM "vardhamAna caritra" kI prati likhavA kara bheMTa kii| ( 23 ) hathUNDI (rAtA mahAvIra ) tIrtha : hathaMDI bIjApurA se pA~ca kilomITara dakSiNa-pUrva meM hai| isakA prAcIna nAma "hastikaMDI" thA / 10vIM zatAbdI meM yaha rASTrakUToM kI rAjadhAnI thaa| zIlavijaya sUri aura jina tilaka sUri ne isa tIrtha kA ullekha apanI tIrtha mAlAoM meM kiyA hai| hathUNDI ke rAThaura zAsaka jaina matAvalambI the| vAsudevAcArya ke upadeza se vidagdha ne RSabhadeva kA eka mandira hathUNDo meM banavAyA aura ise anudAna bhI diyaa| rAjya ko prApta hone vAle karoM kA kucha hissA jina mandira ke nimitta nizcita kiyA gayA thaa| mammaTa ke putra dhavala ne apane dAdA dvArA banavAye gaye jaina mandira kA jIrNoddhAra karavAyA aura apane putra bAlA prasAda ke sAtha "pippala" nAmaka kue~ kI bheMTa mandira ko pradAna kii| hastikuNDI kI goSThI ne bhI isa mandira ke punanirmANa meM bhAga liyA thA evaM pratimAoM kA sthApanA-samAroha vAsudevAcArya ke ziSya zAlibhadra ke dvArA 997 I0 meM sampanna huA thA / rASTrakUToM ke zAsana ke pazcAt, mugala AkramaNa evaM vidhvaMsa ke pariNAmasvarUpa, isa mandira ke mUlanAyaka RSabhanAtha ke sthAna para mahAvIra ho gaye / 1242 I0 meM pUrNabhadra upAdhyAya ne do kakSa aura zikhara nirmita krvaaye| saMbhavataH mahAvIra kI pratimA isI samaya yahA~ para pratiSThita kI gaI jo "rAtA mahAvIra" ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai / mUlanAyaka kI pratimA saMbhavataH lAla raMga kI thI / dhIre-dhIre yaha tIrtha "rAtA mahAvIra" ke nAma se hI prasiddha hone lgaa| vibhinna sthAnoM se yahA~ tIrthayAtrI darzanArtha Ate the| 1278 I. ke eka lekha meM isa mandira ke liye "rAtA mahAvIra" 1. proriAsavesa, pR0 56 / 2. jaigraprasa, pR0 3 / 3. byAvara ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM graM0 saM0 16 / 4. esiTArA, pR0 270 / 5. jainatIrtha sarvasaMgraha, 1, pR0 209 / 6. ei, 10, pR0 20 / 7. proriAsavesa 1908, pR0 52 /

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jaina tIrtha : 212 kA ullekha hai', jabaki isI mandira ke 1288 I0 ke abhilekha meM ise hathUNDI mahAvIra kA mandira varNita kiyA gayA hai / 2 1278 I0, 1279 I0, 1288 I0, va 1289 I0 ke abhilekhoM meM isa mandira ke nimitta diye gaye anudAnoM kA ullekha hai / 1288 I0 ke abhilekha meM varNita hai ki sevAr3I ke kara gRha se 24 drama kA anudAna diyA jaave| isI samaya ke eka anya abhilekha meM ullekha hai ki mahAvIra mandira ko sAhUkAra hemAka ne 24 drama kA vArSika anudAna diyA / ' 1299 I0 kA eka abhilekha batAtA hai ki rAtA mahAvIra ke mandira ko kucha visala priya brahma bheMTa kiye gaye the|6 10vIM zatAbdI meM isa sthAna ke nAma para hI vAsudevAcArya ne hastikuNDI gaccha prArambha kiyaa| yaha gaccha bAda meM bahuta lokapriya rhaa| hathUNDI ke rAThauroM kI eka pRthaka zAkhA thI, jo jaina dharma meM dIkSita hone ke bAda hathUNDiyA zrAvaka hue|" ( 24 ) nADaula tIrtha : nADaula, javAliyA relave sTezana se teraha kilomITara dUra va nADalAI se 11 ki0 mI0 uttara-pUrva meM sthita hai / yaha sthAna cauhAna parivAra kI mAravAr3a zAkhA kI rAjadhAnI thI / cauhAna zAsakoM ke udAra saMrakSaNa meM nADaula meM jaina dharma kI atyadhika pragati huii| yaha kasbA, goDavAr3a (mAravAr3a) kI jaina paMcatIrthI kA eka tIrtha mAnA jAtA hai| yahA~ kA mahAvIra jaina mandira bahuta prasiddha rahA hai| yahA~ se prApta 967 I0 aura 982 I0 ke do prAcIna abhilekhoM se isa tIrtha kI prAcInatA kI puSTi hotI hai / kumArapAla ke sAmaMta rAjA azvarAja ne kucha nirdiSTa dinoM meM hiMsA ke niSedha aura ahiMsA pAlana ke Adeza de rakhe the| maMdira ke gUr3ha maNDapa meM neminAtha aura zAMtinAtha kI do kAyotsarga pratimAoM ke 1158 I0 ke abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki ye pratimAe~ deva sUri ke ziSya padmacandra gaNI dvArA vesar3a sthAna ke mahAvIra mandira meM sthApita kI gaI thiiN| 1177 I0 meM alhaNadeva ne snAna aura sUrya pUjA ke uparAnta brAhmaNoM evaM guruoM ko dAna dene ke uparAnta yahA~ ke mahAvIra jaina mandira ko pA~ca drama mAsika kI rAzi nADaula ke karagRha 1. prAjailesa, 2, kra0 319 / 2. vahI, kra0 320 / 3. vahI, kra0 320-322 / 4. proriAsavesa, 1908, pR0 52 / 5. vhii| 6. ie riporTa, 1955-56, pR0 31 / 7. esiTArA, pR0 273 / 8. varadA, 16, aMka 1-3, pR0 19 / 9. prAjailesa, 2, kra0 364, 365 /

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214 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jenadhamaM se cukAne kA anudAna svIkRta kiyA / 1160 I0 meM nADUlA meM snAna karake tathA sUrya evaM mahezvara kI pUjA karake alhaNadeva ke putra kIrtipAla ne mahAvIra jaina mandira ko usake antargata 12 gA~voM se ekatrita karake do drama vArSika kA anudAna svIkRta kiyA / jo jodhapura ke mandira kA nAma anantanAtha kI mukhya vedI para hI 1629 I0 kI abhilekha yukta 3 muhaNota jayamAla ke dvArA sthApita karavAI gaI thIM / "rAyavihAra" bhI ullikhita hai / 3 mandira ke dAlAna meM pratimA hai, jisa para 1836 I0 kA lekha hai / 4 ( 25 ) koraTA tIrtha : koTA, saMDerA se 26 kilomITara dakSiNa-pazcima meM hai / isakA prAcIna nAma koraMTakathA evaM yaha eka bar3A kasbA rahA hogA / pratimAe~ haiM, abhilekha meM eka vedI para / koraTA jaina matAvalambiyoM kA prasiddha tIrtha thA / 1314 I0 meM likhita " upakeza gaccha caritra" ke anusAra yaha sthAna lagabhaga 2,000 varSa purAnA hai / " vastutaH isa sthAna kI itanI prAcInatA vizvasanIya nahIM hai / ratnaprabha sUri, jinhoMne yahA~ ke mahAvIra mandira kA sthApanA samAroha sampanna karavAyA thA, kA kAla 8vIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa hai, ataH 8vIM zatAbdI meM yaha tIrtha astitva meM thA 10vIM zatAbdI meM dhanapAla ne apanI kavitA " satyapurIya mahAvIra utsAha" meM koraMTa ke mahAvIra mandira kA ullekha kiyA hai / 1032 I0 kA eka abhilekha, jo piNDavAr3A gA~va ke mahAvIra mandira meM pArzvanAtha pratimA ke pRSTha para khudA huA hai, se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha pratimA cachA aura sajjana, jo zyAmanAga ke putra the tathA koraMTaka ke zrAvakoM ke dvArA sthApita kI gaI thii| siddhasena sUri ke " sakala tIrtha stotra" meM bhI isa tIrthaM kA ullekha hai / " " prabhAvaka caritra" ke anusAra saptazata deza kA, koraMTapurA eka samRddha kasbA thA, jisameM dhanI loga rahate the, jo atyadhika dharmapriya the / yaha tIrthaM madhyakAla meM bhI atyadhika lokapriya rahA / meghazIla 1. ei, 9, 10 63 / 2. prAjailesa, 2, kra0 366, 367 // 3. yatIndra vihAra, 2, pR0 77 / 4. jairA, pR0 107 / 5. paTTAvalI samuccaya, pR0 49 / 6. jaisaMzo, 3, aMka 1 / 7. aprajailesa, kra0 366 | 8. gAosa, 76, pR0 156 / 9. prabhAvaka caritra - mAnadevaprabandha, pR0 191 /

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jena tIrtha : 215 vijaya aura jina vimala sUri ne bhI apanI-apanI tIrtha mAlAoM meM isa tIrtha kA varNana kiyA hai / " jaisalamera ke zAMtinAtha mandira kI eka prazasti, jo 1526 I0 meM devatilaka sUri ke dvArA likhI gaI thI, se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki upakeza vaMza ke AmbA ke putra kocara ne koraMTa meM eka bar3A jaina mandira nirmita karavAyA thA / isa sthAna ke kaI logoM ne tIrtha yAtrA saMghoM kA netRtva bhI kiyaa| unhoMne jainAcAryoM ke dvArA pratimAoM ke sthApanAsamAroha bhI sampanna karavAye tathA yahA~ para kaI dIkSA samAroha bhI Ayojita hue / koraMTa gaccha kI utpatti isa sthAna se hI huii| yaha upakeza gaccha kI eka zAkhA haiM / koraMTa gaccha, sambhavataH kanaka prabhA sUri ke dvArA prArambha kiyA gayA thA / (26) saMDerA tIrtha : jodhapura sambhAga meM, pAlI se 16 kilomITara uttara-pazcima meM, saMDerA sthita hai / isakI sthApanA sambhavataH 10vIM zatAbdI meM yazobhadrasUri ne kI thI / anuzruti ke anusAra kAThiyAvAr3a se lauTate samaya yazobhadrasUri eka tAlAba ke kinAre ruke, jahA~ siMha evaM sA~r3a ke yuddha meM, sA~r3a ko vijayI dekhakara, unhoMne isa sthAna kA nAma " saMDerAva" rakha diyA / siddhasena sUri ne apane "sakala tIrthaM stotra" meM tIrtha sthAnoM kI sUcI meM saMDerA kA nAma bhI diyA hai / yahA~ para saMDeraka gaccha ke mahAvIra aura pArzvanAtha ke do jaina mandira the / 1092 I0 ke abhilekha ke anusAra isa kasbe kI eka goSThI ne saMDeraka gaccha ke mandira meM, jinacandra ke dvArA eka mUrti kI sthApanA karavAI / " nADaula ke cauhAna zAsakoM ne saMDerA meM jaina dharma kI gatividhiyoM ko saMrakSaNa diyA / 1164 I0 ke kalhaNa ke zAsana kAla ke abhilekha meM varNana hai ki kelhaNa deva ko mAtA rAnI AnaladevI ne mahAvIra ke kalyANaka ko manAne ke liye, rAjA kI vyaktigata sampatti meM se eka hAela jvAra kA anudAna svIkRta kiyA thaa| isI kalyANaka ke nimitta pATU, kelhaNa usake bhAiyoM, putroM tathA anya rASTrakUToM ne, koTavAla gA~va ke lagAna meM se eka drama kA anudAna diyA thA / isI prakAra rathakAroM Adi ne bhI kalyANaka ke anudAna diyA thA / kelhaNa ke rAjyakAla ke hI 1979 I0 ke abhilekha meM varNita hai ki DhAMDhA ke putra rAlhA aura pAlhA ne apanI mAtA kI smRti meM stambha bheMTa meM diyA liye 1 drama kA 1. jainatIrthaM sarvasaMgraha, pR0 228 / 2. nAjailesa, 3, kra0 2154 / 3. bhapApaDa, pR0 414, 415, 480, 509, 663, 680, 681 Adi / 4. prabhAvaka caritra mAnadevaprabandha, pR0 191 / 5. nAjailesa, 1, kra0 88 / 6. ei, 11, pR0 47 //

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216 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharmaM thA / ' unhoMne apanA makAna bhI pArzvanAtha mandira ko de diyA thA / saMDeraka ke zreSThI guNapAla ne apanI putriyoM ke sAtha mahAvIra jaina mandira meM 12vIM zatAbdI meM eka catuSkikA nirmita karavAI / yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki poravAla jAti ke pethar3a ke pUrvaja mokhU, saMDeraka ke hI mUla nivAsI the aura mahAvIra ke ananya upAsaka the / 3 pethar3a aura usake 6 choTe bhAiyoM ne saMDeraka meM do jaina mandira banavAye / yaha tathya 1514 I0 meM likhita " anuyogadvAra vRtti sUtravRtti" kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai / " (27) nADalAI tIrthaM : 15 jodhapura sambhAga meM, desUrI se 6 ki0 mI0 uttara-pazcima meM nADalAI sthita hai / isake prAcIna nAma "naDulaDAgikA "", " nandakulavatI", "nADulAI"", "nAradapurI"" Adi the / yaha nagara 10vIM zatAbdI meM bhI astitva meM thA / yahA~ kI "jayakAla" nAmaka pahAr3I jainiyoM ke dvArA "zatruMjaya" ke rUpa meM pavitra mAnI jAtI hai / prAcIna kAla meM yahA~ 16 se adhika mandira the / zAMtikuzala ne 1610 I0 meM likhI "gaur3I pArzva tIrthamAlA" meM yahA~ ke pArzvanAtha mandira kA ullekha kiyA hai / zIla vijaya ne bhI apanI tIrthamAlA meM isa tIrthaM kA ullekha kiyA hai / 17vIM zatAbdI ke kavi evaM AcArya samaya sundara ne nAilAI ke neminAtha mandira kA apanI eka kavitA meM jIvanta varNana kiyA hai / 1deg yadyapi yahA~ jaina dharma prAcIna kAla se hI pracalana meM thA, kintu 10vIM zatAbdI se hI isake puSTa pramANa maujUda haiM / 1500 I0 ke eka abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki saMDeraka gaccha ke janaka yazobhadrasUri 907 I0 meM nADalAI Aye the / " yahA~ para 12vIM zatAbdI meM neminAtha aura mahAvIra ke do prAcIna mandira the, jo muslimoM ke dvArA dhvasta kara diye gaye aura unakA jIrNoddhAra bAda meM huA / neminAtha mandira 1386 I0 meM, mahArAjA vanavIra ke 1. ei, pR0 51 / 2. nAjailesa, kra0 882 / 3. jaina pustaka prazasti saMgraha, pR0 18 / 4. zrI prazasti saMgraha, pR0 72-73 | 5. proriAsavesa, 1909, pR0 42 / 6. vahI / 7. vahI / 8. bhapApaDa, pR0 415, 629, 631, 697, 703 / 9. jaina tIrthaM sarvaM saMgraha, pR0 223 / 10. vahI / 1. jaisAsa, pR0 509 /

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jaina tIrtha : 217 zAsana kAla meM, vinayacandra sUri ke upadezoM se punanirmita huaa|' dUsare jaina mandira meM, jo mUlataH mUlanAyaka mahAvIra kA thA, 1500 I0 meM siMhA aura samadA ke dvArA AdinAtha kI pratimA sthApita karavAI gii| inake prapitA sAyara ne pahale kucha kakSoM ko punarnirmita karavAyA thA, ataH yaha mandira "sAyara jina vasati' ke nAma se jAnA jAne lgaa| isake atirikta 1510 I0 se 1514 I0 ke madhya muMjapura, vIramagAMva, mehameda bAda aura cAMpAnera Adi gAMvoM ke vibhinna saMghoM ne bhI mandira ke vibhinna hissoM kA jIrNoddhAra karane meM sahAyatA kii| ina saMghoM ke isa kArya ke liye tapAgaccha ke indra nandi, pramoda sundara aura saubhAgyanandi ne preraNA dI thii| pratimA kA navInIkaraNa bhI sAyara ke vaMzajoM ne 1617 I0 meM karavAyA, kintu sthApanA tapAgaccha ke vijayadeva sari ne krvaaii| 1664 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM varNana hai ki yaha nirmANa nADalAI ke poravAr3a nAthAka ne vijayadeva sUri ke dvArA karavAyA / usa samaya abhayarAja kA zAsana thaa| naDalAI, madhyakAla meM bhI jaina tIrtha rahA / kaDuA paMtha ke pravartaka kaDuAzAha 1440 I0 meM yahIM paidA huye the|5 vijayadAna sUri ne hIra vijaya sari ko paNDita kI upAdhi naDalAI meM pradAna ko| vijayasena sUri kA janma sthAna bhI yahI thA / saMDeraka gaccha ke Izvara sUri ne 1524 I0 meM "sumati caritra" kI racanA kI aura unhoMne AdinAtha mandira ke jIrNoddhAra karavAne kI preraNA bhI dii| cauhAna zAsakoM ke saMrakSaNa meM jaina dharma naDalAI meM bahuta phlaa-phuulaa| vividha prakAra ke dAna-anudAna evaM bheMTa mandiroM ke nimitta dI giiN| (28) pAlI tIrtha : pAlI, jodhapura zahara se 72 kilomITara dakSiNa-pUrva meM jilA mukhyAlaya hai| isake prAcIna nAma "pAllikA", "pallikA" aura "pallI"9 the| yaha sthAna jaina evaM hindU donoM ke liye tIrtha thA / pallivAla gaccha ko utpatti yahIM se huI / isI prakAra jaina evaM brAhmaNoM meM pAI jAne vAlI pallivAla jAti kI utpatti bhI isI sthAna se huI / 1. ei, 11, kra0 25 / 2. proriAsavesa, 1909, pR0 44 / 3. vhii| 4. vahI, pR0 41 / 5. jaisAsai, pR0 509 / 6. vahI, pR0 537 / 7. jaiguka, pR0 303 / 8. nAjailesa, kra0 809, 813, 814, 815 / 9. jaisapra, 3, pR0 430 /

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218:madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma pAlI prAcInakAla se hI jaina tIrtha rhaa| 13vIM zatAbdI meM madanakIrti ne apanI "zAsana catustrizaTIkA" meM pallI ke jinezvara kA bhI anya tIrthoM ke sAtha varNana kiyA hai| kisI bhaTTAraka ke brAhmaNa ziSya vizvanAtha ne pAlI zAMtijina ko tIrthoM kI sUcI meM varNita kiyA hai| isase nizcita rUpa se siddha hotA hai ki pAlI meM pUrvavartI kAla meM avazya hI zAMtinAtha kA digambara jaina mandira rahA hogaa| siddhasena sari ne apane "sakala tIrtha stotra" meM isa tIrtha ko atyadhika sammAna diyA hai| yaha sthAna pUrNabhadra mahAvIra ke rUpa meM vikhyAta thaa| vartamAna meM jo pArzvanAtha mandira hai, vaha mUlataH mahAvIra mandira thaa| isa mandira kA sabase prAcIna hissA gar3ha maNDapa hai, jisake stambha 10vIM zatAbdo yA usake pUrva meM nirmita haiN| zrAvakoM ne 12vIM zatAbdI meM mahAvIra mandira meM mUrtiyAM rakhavAIM aura unakA sthApanA samAroha sampanna krvaayaa|3 brahmapati aura rampradevI ke putra jaijaka ne 1087 I0 meM vIranAtha kI eka pratimA sthApita krvaaii| 1094 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM ullekha hai ki lakSmaNa ke putra dezA ne apane-apane purakhoM bhAdA aura bhAdAka ke AdhyAtmika kalyANa hetu, devAlaya meM pArzvanAtha pratimA banavAI / 1444 I0 meM mahAmAtya pRthvIpAla ne isa mandira ko vimalanAtha aura anantanAtha kI pratimAoM kA jor3A bheMTa kiyaa| mUlanAyaka pratimA, mahAvIra ke sthAna para pArzvanAtha kI honA, sambhavataH muslima AkramaNa ke kAraNa huA hogaa| 1631 I0 meM mandira kA sampUrNa jIrNoddhAra zrImAla DUMgara bhAkhara ne 5000 rupaye vyaya karake karavAyA thA / pallI tIrtha para jaina santa aksara Ate rahate the / "upadezaratnAkara" se jJAta hotA hai ki yazobhadra sUri ne AcArya pada 912 I0 meM yahIM prApta kiyA thaa| bAda meM unhoMne pAlI tIrtha ke liye eka saMgha yAtrA bhI Ayojita kI thii| jayasiMha ke rAjyakAla meM siddharAja, vIrasUri Adi AcArya pAlI Aye / 5 sthiracandra gaNI ne 1150 I0 meM "paMcAzaka vRtti" kA pratilipikaraNa yahIM prArambha kiyaa| vijayasiMha sUri ne 1158 I0 meM umAsvAmI vAcaka ke "jambU-dvIpa-samAsa" para vijaya janahita TIkA yahIM para likhI / guNavinaya upAdhyAya ne 1594 I0 meM jayazekhara kI "saMbodha saptatikA" para eka TIkA likhii| 1616 I0 meM hemaratna sUri ne "zIlavatI kathA" likhii| mUla1. ailaka pannAlAla sarasvatI bhavana, bambaI meM eka guTakA / 2. gAosi, 76, pR0 156 / 3. proriAsavesa, 1908, pR0 45 / 4. vahI, pR0 45-46 / 5. jaisAsai, pR0 237 / 6. jaisalamera grantha bhaNDAra, sUcI, pR0 6 / 7. jaisAsai, pR0 278 / 8. vahI, pR0 599 / 9. jaiguka, pR0 207 /

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jena tIrtha : 219 saMgha ke bhaTTAraka kSemendra kIrti 1680 I0 evaM 1699 I0 meM pAlI Aye the, unake sammAna meM kaI utsava Ayojita huye the / ' 29. kher3A tIrthaM : 2 3 mAravAr3a ke rAThauroM kI prAcInatama rAjadhAnI, kher3A nagara se 8 ki0 mI0 dUra, lUnI nadI ke kinAre hai / sAhityika evaM abhilekhIya srotoM ke AdhAra para isake prAcIna nAma khehA, kher3A aura lavaNakher3A the / prAcIna kAla meM yaha samRddha kasbA yA nagara thA / " sAhityika srotoM se jJAta hotA hai ki kher3A pUrvakAla meM jaina dharma kA bahuta bar3A kendra aura tIrtha thA / 12vIM zatAbdI ke kavi evaM AcArya, siddhasena sUri ne isakA tIrtha sthAna ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai / jaina mAnyatA evaM anuzruti ke anusAra yazobhadrasUri eka jaina mandira kher3A se nADalAI lAye the / isa para vizvAsa kareM yA nahIM, kintu yaha tathya asaMdigdha hai ki jainadharmaM isa sthAna para pUrvakAla se hI astitva meM thA / tAlAba kI khudAI meM prApta " parikara" meM aMkita eka abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki vaidya manoratha ne apane parivAra ke sadasyoM ke sAtha, vaidya jasapAla ke kalyANArthaM RSabhadeva mandira kA eka toraNa nirmita karavAyA thA aura isakA sthApanA - samAroha bhAvahaDa gaccha ke vijayasiMha sUri dvArA, 1980 meM sampanna karavAyA gayA thA / yaha siddha karatA hai ki 12vIM zatAbdI meM yahA~ RSabhadeva kA jaina mandira thA / 1988 I0 meM jinapati sUri ke upadezoM ke prabhAva se, uddharNa zAha kharatara gaccha kA anuyAyI ho gayA / vaha eka khyAti prApta vyakti thA / jinapati sUri ke Agraha para ajamera ke cauhAna rAjA pRthvIrAja, prasiddha vyApArI rAmadeva ke sAtha uddharNa se milane kher3A Aye the / uddharNa ne kher3A meM zAntinAtha kA eka bahuta sundara jaina mandira banavAyA, jisakA pratiSThA mahotsava jinapati sUri ke dvArA 1201 I0 meM sampanna karavAyA gayA / " yaha tathya " kalpasUtra " kI eka prati kI prazasti se bhI pramANita hotA hai / " isa mandira meM pratiSThA 1. esiTArA, pari0 17 / 2. jaisapra 18, pR0 187 / 3. khabRgu, pR0 81 / 4. vahI, pR0 44 evaM 80 / 5. esiTArA, pR0 297 // 6. gAosa, 76, pR0 156 / 7. jaisapra 18, pR0 187 / 8. khabugu, pR0 44 // 9. zrI prazasti saMgraha, pR0 46 /

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220 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma mahotsava para "zAntirAsa" kI kavitAe~ bhI racI gii| 14vIM zatAbdI ke kavi lakSmIgaNI ne apanI kRti "zAMtinAtha devarAsa" meM usakA ullekha kiyA hai| yaha mandira 1326 I0 meM bhI astitva meM thA, kyoMki jinakuzala sUri bAr3amera se jAlora jAte samaya kher3A tIrtha ke darzanArtha yahA~ ruke / ye sabhI tathya iMgita karate haiM ki yahAM kA jaina mandira, prasiddha tIrtha thaa| mUlataH kher3A se lAye gaye, jasola ke prAcIna avazeSoM se jJAta hotA hai ki kher3A meM pUrvakAla meM eka mahAvIra mandira bhI thA / 1189 I0 ke abhilekha meM sahadeva ke putra soniga dvArA kher3A ke mahAvIra mandira meM tIrthaMkara saMbhavanAtha kI do pratimAe~ bheMTa karane kA varNana hai / stambha para utkIrNa 1153 I0 ke abhilekha meM ullekha hai ki vijayasiMha nAmaka vyakti ne vAliga anudAna kiyA thA / ye prAcIna mandira sambhavataH muslima AkrAmakoM ne dhvasta kara diye aura abhI astitva meM nahIM haiN| jinapati sUri, bahudhA kher3A Ate rahate the| 1186 I0 meM unhoMne cAturmAsa yahIM vyatIta kiyaa| 1187, 1190 I0 aura 1191 I0 meM unhoMne jaina santoM ko upAdhi pradAna kara sammAnita kiyaa| rANA kelhaNa ke vizeSa nimantraNa para 1197 I0 meM punaH kher3A Aye aura "dakSiNAvaratAratrikA vAtAvaraNa utsava" sampanna karavAyA / " soma sUri dvArA 1275 I0 meM racita "jinezvara sUri saMyama zrI vivAha varNana rAsa" se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki jinapati sUri ne nemicanda bhaNDArI ke putra aMbaDa kumAra ko zAMtinAtha maMdira meM dIkSita kiyA aura vIraprabha nAma diyA / AcArya banane ke pazcAt vIraprabha jinezvara sUri ke nAma se jAne jAne lge| yaha racanA mukhyataH kher3A tIrtha aura vahAM ke varNanoM se hI sambandhita hai| (30) harasUra tIrtha : harasUra-nAgaura jile meM puSkara DegAnA basa mArga para sthita hai aura purAtana mahattva kA sthAna hai| isakA pUrva nAma sambhavataH "harSapurA" thaa| yaha navIM zatAbdI ke pUrva samRddha avasthA meM astitva meM thaa| jaina sAhitya meM isa nagara kA varNana isa prakAra 1. jaisapra, 18, pR0 214 / 2. vhii| 3. khabRgu, pR0 80 / 4. vahI, pR0 34-44 / 5. vahI, pR0 44 / 6. jaisapra, 18, pR0 187 / 7. ie, 39, pR0 186 / 8. zAha, enzenTa iMDiyA, 3, pR0 140 /

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- jaina tIrtha : 221 milatA hai-"priya grantha ke samaya IsA pUrva prathama zatAbdI meM isa nagara meM 300 jaina mandira, 400 vihAra, 1800 brAhmaNoM ke ghara, 36,000 vaNikoM ke gRha, 900 udyAna, 900 kue~ aura 700 dAna gRha the|" rAjA kA nAma subhaTa pATa diyA huA hai, kintu itihAsa meM anyatra isakA ullekha nahIM miltaa| 17vIM zatAbdI kI racanA se uddhRta ukta kathana ko vizvasanIya nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| ukta kathana yadyapi nagara ke bAre meM atizayoktipUrNa hai, kintu isa bAta ke paryApta pramANa haiM ki yaha nagara pUrvakAla meM samRddha avasthA meM thA / yahA~ cauhAnoM ke saMrakSaNa meM jainadharma utkarSazIla rahA / siddhasena sari ne isa sthAna kA nAma apanI 12vIM sadI kI kRti "sakalatIrtha stotra" meM diyA huA hai|' zrI pAzvanAthakula kI eka zAkhA harSapurA gaccha, sambhavataH isa sthAna se hI utpanna huii| isa gaccha ke kucha AcArya atyadhika prabhAvazAlI the aura samakAlIna zAsakoM para acchA prabhAva rakhate the / abhayadeva sUri ke Agraha para, zAkaMbharI ke cauhAna zAsaka, pRthvIrAja prathama ne 1105 I0 ke AsapAsa raNathambhaura ke jaina mandira para svarNa kalaza sthApita karavAye the / inake ziSya hemacandra maladhArI kA gujarAta ke siddharAja jayasiMha para atyadhika prabhAva thA / yahA~ para 'osavAloM kA mandira" nAmaka vasi muhalle meM sthita pUrvAbhimukha eka prAcIna jaina mandira hai| niHsandeha yaha 13vIM zatAbdI kA hai, kintu isakA kucha hissA darzAtA hai ki yaha aura bhI pUrva kA nirmita honA caahie| isa sthAna se eka jaina prastara pratimA khojI gaI hai, jisa para 996 I0 kA abhilekha aMkita hai|3 madhyakAla meM bhI yahA~ jainadharma astitva meM thA, kyoMki ratnabhUSaNa sUri ne 1743 I0 meM "jinadattarAsa" harasUra meM ho racI thii| kisI samaya harasUra adhika janasaMkhyA vAlA kasbA avazya rahA hogA, kyoMki mahAjanoM kI eka jAti "harasUrA" yahIM se utpanna huI / " avaziSTa smArakoM evaM bhagnAvazeSoM se spaSTa hI pramANita hotA hai ki harasUra kA vidhvaMsa kiyA gayA, jo sambhavataH mugala kAla meM hI huA hogA aura nagara hrAsamAna ho gyaa| (31) raNathambhaura tIrtha : ___ raNathambhaura, bhArata ke sudRr3ha durgoM meM se eka hai, jo savAI mAdhopura ke nikaTa avasthita hai / yaha nagara 11vIM zatAbdI meM astitva meM thA aura zAkaMbharI ke cauhAna rAjAoM 1. gAosi, 76, pR0 156 / 2. vahI, pR0 312 / 3. esiTArA, pari0 kra0 32 / 4. sambhavanAtha jai0 ma0 udayapura, gra0 sa0 96 / 5. guruguNaratnAkarakAvya, 1, pR0 232 /

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-222 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 1 -kA isa para zAsana thA / pRthvIrAja prathama ne 1105 I0 meM raNathambhaura ke jaina mandira para svarNa kalaza sthApita karavAye the / ataH yahA~ kA jaina mandira pUrva madhyakAlIna pratIta hotA hai / siddhasena sUri ne raNathambhaura ko bhI apanI tIrthoM kI sUcI meM sammilita kiyA hai | kAla ke aitihAsika pravAha meM yaha durga vibhinna zAsakoM ke antargata rahA / muslima zAsakoM ne apane vidhvaMsa abhiyAnoM meM yahA~ ke jaina mandiroM ko bhI nahIM bakhzA / akabara ne jaba yaha kilA jagganAtha ko sauMpA, taba jaina dharma ko thor3A saMbala milA / 1507 I0 meM sAha cokhA aura usako patnI pArvatI ne " zatakarmopadezamAlA" kI eka prati taiyAra karavAI aura ise rUpacanda ko bheMTa meM dI / eka ajJAta kavi ne sAha cokhA ke Agraha "para "sItA prabandha" nAmaka kRti yahIM para racI / " jagganAtha ne ToDAnagara ke khImasI ko apanA maMtrI banAyA, jisane eka sundara jaina mandira banavAyA aura isameM mallinAtha kI pratimA harSollAsa pUrvaka sthApita karavAI / kanakasoma, jo ki yuga pradhAna jinacandra - ke sAtha akabara ke darabAra meM gaye the, ne apanI "nemiphAga racanA" raNathambhaura meM hI -likhI / (32) barodA (vATapadraka) tIthaM : vAgar3a kI purAnI rAjadhAnI barodA-DUMgarapura se 45 ki0 mI0 dUra avasthita hai / prAcIna abhilekhoM evaM racanAoM ke anusAra, isakA purAnA nAma " vATapadraka" thA / 'pUrvavartI kAla meM barodA jaina dharma kA eka acchA kendra thA / vinayaprabha sUri', jo ki 14vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya the, ne apane "tIrtha yAtrA stavana" meM yahA~ ke AdinAtha mandira kA varNana kiyA hai / yahA~ prAcIna jaina mandiroM ke kaI bhagnAvazeSa haiM / unameM se eka pArzva - nAtha mandira hai / isakA nicalA hissA prAcIna hai, kintu UparI hissA navanirmita hai / isameM mUlanAyaka kI pratimA devendra sUri ke dvArA 1847 I0 meM hI sthApita kI gaI hai, kintu vedI para 1516 I0 kA abhilekha utkIrNa hai / prAcIna avazeSoM meM se 3 bar3I jaina pratimAeM abhI hI prApta huI haiM, jinameM se do para 1302 I0 aura 1307 I0 ke 1. erirAmyua, 1933 34, kra0 4, pR0 3 // 2. gAosa, 76, pR0 312, 316 / 3. vahI, pR0 156 / 4. rAjezAgrasU, 3, pR0 169 / 5. ane0 8, kra0 12 / 6. vahI / 7. vahI / 8. jaisapra 17, pR0 15 /

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jaina tIrtha : 223 abhilekha bhI utkIrNa hai| aisA vizvAsa hai ki dhuvela meM vartamAna meM pratiSThita pratimA, yahIM se le jAI gaI thii| mandira ke pRSThabhAga para 24 tIrthaMkaroM aura unake paMcakalyANakoM ko pratimAe~ ukerI huI haiN| isa dIvAla kA sthApanA-samAroha kharataragaccha ke jinacandra sari dvArA 1308 I0 meM kiyA gayA thA / jaina hastalikhita granthoM ko kaI pratiyA~ yahA~ 12vIM zatAbdI se 15vIM zatAbdI ke madhya taiyAra kI gaI thiiN| (33) jUnA tIrtha : registAna ke aMcala meM basA, yaha sthAna bAr3amera nagara se 14 mola dura jasAI ke pAsa pahAr3iyoM kI goda meM sthita hai| vartamAna meM jUnA ke nAma se vikhyAta aitihAsika sthala, prAcIna samaya meM "jUnA bAhaDamera", "bahaDamerU", "bAhaDagirI", "bAppaDAI" Adi aneka nAmoM se jAnA jAtA rahA hai| isa nagara kI sthApanA paramAra, dharaNIvarAha yA dharaNIdhara rAjA ke putra bAhar3a (vAgabhaTTa) 1002 I 0 ke pazcAt kI / mutA naiNasI ne bhI dharaNI varAha ke putra bAhar3a-chAhar3a, donoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / vAgabhaTTa merUzAha kA ullekha, cauhAna cAcigadeva ke saMghamAtA mandira ke 1262 I0 ke zilAlekhoM meM milatA hai| 16vIM zatAbdI ke madhya taka yaha sthAna bAhaDamera ke nAma se jAnA jAtA rhaa| 1583 I0 taka isa nagara ke AbAda hone ke kAraNa, vartamAna jUnA hI bADamera kahalAtA thaa|5 1551 I0 meM rAvata bhImA ne svataMtra bADamera basAyA, jo vartamAna meM jilA mukhyAlaya hai / isa aitihAsika sthala para nirmANa kalA ke Adarza namUnoM ke rUpa meM kue~, tAlAba, pagabAba, mandira, kilA Adi aba bhI vidyamAna haiN| jUnA sthita jaina mandiroM se prApta 1636 I0 ke zilAlekha meM, isa sthAna ke jaina tIrtha sthAna hone kI mahattA batAI gaI hai| yahA~ ke jaina mandira ati prAcIna haiM, jinakA ullekha kSamAkalyANa kRta "kharataragaccha paTTAvalI' meM bhI kiyA huA hai| vijayaprabha sari ne apanI "tIrthamAlA" meM yahA~ ke RSabhanAtha evaM zAntinAtha mandira kA ullekha kiyA hai| jUnA ko prAcIna tIrtha sthAna mAnane ke kAraNa, Aja bhI bAr3amera nagara va AsapAsa ke kaI jaina parivAra isako yAtrA kA tIrtha lAbha uThAte haiN| yahA~ para Aja bhI 1. jairA, pR0 134 / 2. ojhA-DUMgarapura rAjya, pR0 16 / 3. gAosi, 21, pR0 21 / 4. vinismA, 1975, pR0 2-20 / 5. vahI, pR0 2-22 / / 6. vahI, pR0 2-18 / 7. vhii| 8. jaisapra, 17, pR0 15 /

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224 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke kaI parivAra zAdI, vivAha, keza muMDana Adi zubha avasaroM para yahA~ kI yAtrA karate haiM, manautI manAte haiM / ' yahA~ bane hue tIrtha rakSaka kSetrapAla kA pramukha sthAna, darzanIya evaM pUjanIya banA huA hai| vartamAna meM to isa pASANI nagarI kI AbAdI zUnya mAtra hI hai| yaha prAcIna sthala 10vIM se 17vIM zatAbdI taka AbAda rahA / karnala TaoNDa ke anusAra yahA~ 1027 I0 meM mahamUda gajanavI ne, 1178 I0 meM mohammada gorI ne va bAda meM bhI muslima vidhvaMsa kA tANDava nRtya huA / ___ inhIM khaNDaharoM kI bastI meM bhagnAvazeSa rUpa meM tIna jaina mandira abhI bhI vidyamAna haiM, jo ati prAcIna haiM / "kharataragaccha paTTAvalI" ke anusAra uddharNa maMtrI 1166 I0 ke AsapAsa huaa| isake putra kuladhara ne jUnA nagara meM uttuGga toraNa kA jaina mandira bnvaayaa|3 jUnA sthita jaina mandira meM cAra zilAlekha abhI bhI vidyamAna haiM, jisameM 1239 I0 ke zilAlekha meM, jAlaura ke mahArAjA cauhAna sAmaMta siMha ke rAjya kA ullekha hai| dUsare 1295 I0 evaM tIsare 1299 I0 ke zilAlekha meM isa mandira ko U~ce toraNa kalA AdinAtha kA jaina mandira honA batAyA hai| isa mandira kI pratiSThA evaM nirmANa para gujarAta ke solaMkI bhImadeva ke samaya calane vAlI dhanarAzi bhIma priyavizvA ke kharca hone kA ullekha hai| cauthe, 1636 I. ke lekha meM isa tIrtha kI mahattA varNita hai| 1166 I0 meM uddharNa ke putra kuladhara dvArA banavAye gaye AdinAtha mandira para, AcArya jinezvara sari ne 1226 I0 meM dhvajA phhraaii| inake hI dvArA 1252 I0 meM pAlanapura meM pratiSThA mahotsava Ayojita huA aura sahajArAma ke putra bAchar3a ne jUnA Akara utsava pUrvaka do svarNa kalazoM kI pratiSThA karavA kara AdinAtha mandira para zikhara car3havAye / ' 1255 I0 meM caNDatilaka ne "abhaya kumAra caritra mahAkAvya" jUnA meM hI likhanA prArambha kiyA / 1278 I0 meM jinaprabodha sUri ne jUnA meM padyavIri, sudhA kalaza, tilaka kIrti, lakSmI kalaza, nemiprabhu, hematilaka aura nemitilaka aura nemitilaka ko samAroha pUrvaka dIkSita kiyaa| yahAM kaI AcAryoM ne cAturmAsa kiye aura kaI dhArmika graMthoM kI racanA kI / kuzala sUri ne 1325 I0 meM jUnA meM cAturmAsa kiyA / AcArya padma sUri ke yahA~ Agamana para cauhAna rAjA zikharasiMha evaM kaI zrAvakoM ne unaka 1. vinismA, 1975, pR0 2-19 / 2. vahI, pR0 2-17 / 3. jaina tIrtha sarva saMgraha, pR0 181 / 4. khabRgu, pR0 49 / 5. vhii| 6. gAosi, 76, pR0 394 /

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- jaina tIrtha : 225 bhavya svAgata kiyaa|' yahA~ osavAla, pArakha gotrIya dekozAha ke putra ne, 1464 I0 meM dIkSA grahaNa kI, jo bAda meM jinasamudra sUri kahalAye / 10 disambara 1970 I0 ko jUnA kI eka pahAr3I para vana vibhAga ke zramikoM dvArA vRkSa lagAte samaya kucha jaina pratimAe~ milIM, jo ati prAcIna evaM khaNDita avasthA meM thIM / yaha sthAna jUnA durga se eka phalAMga dUra pahAr3I para hai| isakA avalokana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki yahA~ para vizAla evaM sundara zilpakalAkRtiyoM kA jaina saMgraha rahA hogA / avazeSoM ko dekhane se mandira kA praveza dvAra, zrRMgAra caukI, raMga maNDapa, sabhA maNDapa, mUla gaMbhArA, parikramA sthala, cAroM ora prAcIreM va pahAr3I se utarane kI pakkI pagaDaMDI aba bhI chinna-bhinna avasthA meM dRSTigata hai| yahA~ ke mandiroM ko zilpakalA, raNakapura va dilavAr3A ke mandiroM kI bhA~ti bhare pASANa para ukerI huI hai| zilpa-saundarya yukta, chateM evaM gumbada abhI bhI vidyamAna haiN| khambhoM, prAcIroM, garbhagRha Adi sabhI para kalA ke utkRSTa namUne tarAze huye haiM / AdinAtha mandira meM lakSmI, sarasvatI evaM zakti kI pratimAe~ dRSTavya haiN| jUnA kA prAcIna vaibhava vastutaH khaNDaharoM meM hI dikhAI detA hai / (34) varamANa tIrtha : vAmanavAr3a mahAvIra tIrtha, sirohI roDa relave sTezana se 7 ki. mI. dUra, arAvalI parvata kI upatyakA meM sthita hai / abhilekhoM evaM sAhitya ke AdhAra para isake prAcIna nAma "brAhmaNavADA", "brahmANa", "brAhmavATaka", "bammanavAr3a" Adi milate haiN| yaha tIrtha eka tarapha pahAr3a va tIna tarapha vizAla parakoTe se ghirA hai, jisameM tIna vizAla gajadvAra haiM / pahAr3I para zAntisUri ko dhyAna kuTI hai evaM sammedazikhara tIrtha kI sundara racanA kI huI hai / zramaNa paramparA evaM jaina itihAsa ke anusAra mahAvIra ne chadmastha avasthA meM yahA~ vicaraNa kiyA thA tathA isa tIrtha kI sthApanA, unake jIvana ke 37veM varSa meM hI ho gaI thI, ataH ise "jIvita svAmI tIrtha' bhI kahate haiN| isa sandarbha meM mUMgathalA (1159 I0) tathA bhInamAla (1277 I0) ke zilAlekha ullekhanIya haiN| siddhasena kRta 'sakala tIrtha stotra" meM isa tIrtha kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 1453 I0 meM racita megha ko "tIrthamAlA" meM bhI isa tIrtha kI prabhAvanA varNita hai / lAvaNyasamaya kI 1689 I0, zIlavijaya kI 1693 I0, saubhAgyavijaya va jJAnavimala kI 1698 I0 kI tIrthamAlAoM se isa tIrtha ko bhArata ke mukhya tIrthoM meM mAne jAne kA ullekha hai| kavi lAvaNyasamaya ne 1472 I0, vizAla sundara ne 1628 I0 meM tathA kSema kuzala Adi ne bhI stotra ke rUpa meM isa tIrtha kI mahimA gAI hai| 1. khabRgu, pR0 86 / 2. gAosi, 76, pR0 156 / 15

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226 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma jaina paramparAoM meM aisA vivaraNa milatA hai ki pUrNarAja nAmaka rAjA ne bhaktivaza, unake janma ke 37veM varSa meM unakI pratimA kA nirmANa karavAyA thA, jise bAmanavAr3A maMdira meM sthApita kiyA gyaa| isa maMdira kI pratiSThA, pArzvanAtha ke saMtAnIya kezI gaNadhara ne kI / ' mUlanAyaka mandira kA jIrNoddhAra vibhinna varSoM meM hotA rahA / varamANa se hI, brahmANaka gaccha kI utpatti huI hai / isa gaccha kA sarvaprathama ullekha bhI yahIM para milatA hai / isa gaccha kA mahAvIra jaina mandira 1185 I0 meM nirmita huA thaa| sambhavataH yaha pahale bhI astitva meM thaa| 1185 I0 ke abhilekha meM ullekha hai ki pUniga evaM anya zrAvakoM ne brahmANaka gaccha ke mahAvIra mandira meM padmazilA bnvaaii| yahA~ kubera ko sundara tarAzI huI pratimA bhI hai| sabhAmaNDapa ke pUrvI stambha yukta kSetra meM 1185 I0 meM tarAzI huI chata nirmita karavAI gaI thii| isameM kendrIya AkRti gajalakSmI hai, jisapara hAthI jala u~Dela rahe haiM / 1294 I0 meM, madAhada ke nivAsI padmasiMha ne, yahA~ brahmANaka gaccha ke mandira ke liye, jaina pratimAoM kA eka jor3A banavAyA / hematilaka sUri ne 1389 I0 meM, isa gaccha ke pUrva bhaTTArakoM ke kalyANArtha, isa maMdira meM eka raMgamaNDapa nirmita krvaayaa| bhUtapUrva sirohI rAjya ke mahArAvala zivasiMha ko mahAvIra kI kRpA se rAjagaddI milI thI, ataH unhoMne isa mandira ko AdhA vIravAr3A gA~va evaM bahuta sI jamIna arpaNa kI thii| unakI vizAla hAthI se utarI aMjalibaddha khar3I pratimA Aja bhI mukhya maMdira ke sAmane hai / / yahA~ ke mahAvIra mandira ko kalAtmakatA va zilpa to darzanIya hai hI, para isakI zRMgAra caukI, khelA maMDapa evaM pradakSiNA meM utkIrNa mAnasI kI khudAI bahuta prabhAvazAlI hai / mukhya mandira ke bAhara abhaya mudrA meM khar3e gautama svAmI evaM sudharmA svAmI kI mUrtiyA~ bahuta hI AkarSaka haiM evaM mUrtikalA kA pratimAna sthApita karatI haiM / yahA~ para mahAvIra ke pUrva 27 bhavoM kA porabandara ke patthara para zreSTha utkIrNana huA hai| rAjasabhA, mahala, sAdhu-vihAra evaM vAnaspatika vaibhava, sundara DhaGga se ukere hue haiN| isa kurAI evaM raMgakArI ko kA~ca se DhaMka diyA gayA hai| isa mandira ke parakoTe meM hI 1192 I0 1. aMcalagacchIya paMcapratikramaNasUtra, pR0 81 / 2. aprajailesa, pR0 110 / 3. jaina tIrtha sarva saMgraha, pR0 307 / 4. aprajailesa, kra0 112 / 5. vahI, kra0 113 / 6. asAve, pR0 28 / 7. vhii|

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jaina tIrtha : 227 kA, paramAra dhArAvaSaM dvArA nirmita, dhArezvara mahAdeva kA mandira hai, jisakI pUjA, jaina mandira kI tarapha se hotI hai / dharma samanvaya kA yaha sundara udAharaNa hai / ( 35 ) candrAvatI tIrtha : candrAvatI, jo eka prAcIna nagara thA, Aba ke nikaTa, banAsa nadI ke kinAre avasthita hai / isake prAcIna nAma, "caTTAvalI", "caDDhAulI", "caDhAuli", Adi the / apane samaddhi kAla meM yaha vizAla nagara thA aura vartamAna kaI grAma jaise-dattANI, kiveralI, kharAr3I, zAntapurA Adi isake bhAga the| vistRta kSetra meM bikhare hue maMdiroM, toraNoM, pratimAoM aura imAratoM ke bhagnAvazeSa isake vigata vaibhava ke pramANa haiN| nagara kA vaibhava kAla, 10vIM se 15vIM zatAbdI rahA hogA, jabaki yaha devar3A cauhAnoM aura paramAroM kI rAjadhAnI thaa| candrAvatI meM prArambha se hI jaina tIrtha hone ke kAraNa jaina santa evaM vidvAna Ate rahate the| unakI kRtiyAM nagara ke bhUtakAlIna vaibhava para acchA prakAza DAlatI haiN| jinasena sUri kRta "sakala tIrtha stotra" meM isa tIrtha kA bhI ullekha hai / 2 jinaprabha sUri dvArA 1389 I0 meM racita "vividha tIrthakalpa" meM yahA~ ke candraprabhu mandira kA varNana hai aura nagara ko zrI sampanna vaNita kiyA gayA hai|3 megha dvArA 1443 I0 meM racita "tIrthamAlA" meM nagara kI sampannatA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai aura isakI laMkA se tulanA kI gaI hai| megha ke anusAra yahA~ lagabhaga 1800 jaina mandira the aura unameM pramukha mandira RSabha kA thA / 1446 I0 meM saudharma dvArA likhI gaI "upadeza saptati" meM varNita hai ki candrAvatI meM 999 ziva mandira aura 444 jaina mandira the|" zIlavijaya ne bhI, 1689 I0 meM likhI "tIrthamAlA" meM yahAM para 1800 sundara jaina mandira hone kA sandarbha diyA hai, jo vimala ke kAla meM astitva meM the| ye kathana siddha karate haiM ki yahA~ bhUtakAla meM atyadhika jaina mandira the / padmasena sUri se pUrva hue AcArya, jo ki 1235I0 meM jIvita the, ne candraprabhu kA jaina mandira banavAyA thaa| pethar3a kumAra aura saMghArAma jo mAlavA ke sultAna ke mantrI the, ne bhI apanI tIrthayAtrA ke madhya 14vIM va 15vIM zatAbdI meM yahAM jaina mandira nirmita karavAye the| 1. esiTArA, pR0 341 / 2. gAosi, 76, pR0 156 / 3. vitIka, pR0 16 evaM 85 / 4. jaina tIrtha sarva saMgraha, 1, pR0 279 / 5. vahI, 2, pR0 4-5 / 6. vahI, 1, pR0 279 / 7. esiTArA, pR0 345 / 8. pITarasana riporTa, 1,20, pR0 11 /

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228 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma dhArmika gatividhiyoM ke Adhikya ke pariNAmasvarUpa, cauhAna va paramAra zAsakoM ke antargata, kalA evaM sAhitya kI atyadhika pragati huI aura candrAvatI kalA kendra bana gayA thaa| yahAM bar3I saMkhyA meM mandira, dvAra, toraNa evaM pratimAe~ thiiN| yaha sampanna nagara muslima senAoM dvArA hamezA lUTA jAtA rahA aura kAlakrama meM parityakta evaM nagaNya janasaMkhyA vAlA adhivAsa raha gayA / 1038 I0 meM dhanezvara sUri ne prAkRta meM "sura sundarI kathA" yahIM para likhI / " 1246 I0 meM ajitaprabha sUri dvArA racita "zAMtinAtha caritra" kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki candra gaccha ke vijaya siMha sUri kI "upadezamAlAvRtti" aura paMcAzaka vRtti" kI pratiyA~ kramazaH 1186 I0 aura 1231 I0 meM racI gaI thIM / 1256 I0 meM udaya sUri ne candrAvatI ke rAvala dhandhuka ke darabAra meM apane pratidvandviyoM ko zAstrArtha meM hraayaa| unhoMne yahA~ "piNDavizuddhi vivaraNa", "dharmavidhi vRtti" aura "caityavaMdana dIpikA" bhI likhii| candrAvatI meM vizAla saMkhyA meM zrAvaka rahate the, jinameM se kaiyoM ko mahattvapUrNa pada bhI prApta the| lUNagavasahi ke nirmAtA tejapAla ko patnI anupamAdevI candrAvatI ke zreSThI gharaNiga kI putrI thI / mahAmAtya tejapAla ne khIbA siMha, AbAsiMha aura Udala nAma ke apane tIna sAloM ko mandira kA TrasTI banAyA thA / 1230 I0 ke abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki yahA~ ke zrAvakoM ne AbU ke aSTa divasIya vArSikI samAroha meM bhAga liyA thA / ( 36 ) mIrapura tIrtha : mIrapura tIrtha, anAdarA-sirohI mArga para sirohI se 20 ki0 mI0 dUra hai / siraNavA pahAr3a kI goda meM tIna tarapha pahAr3oM se ghirA huA, yaha siMha durga kI parikalpanA prastuta karatA hai / prAcInakAla meM isakA nAma "hamIrapura" thaa| yahA~ mukhya maMdira ke alAvA cAra mandira aura haiM / hamIrapura kI sthApanA 751 I0 meM huI thii| prAcIna tIrthamAlAoM meM isakA nAma "hamIragar3ha" milatA hai| jJAnavimala sUri dvArA 1. abudAcala pradakSiNA, pR0 43 / 2. vhii| 3. vahI / 4. jaisAsai, pR0 240-330 / 5. gAosi, 76, pR0 23, 98, 208 / 6. jaisAisa, pR0 434-638 / 7. ei08, pR0 217 / 8. vahI, pR0 220 / 9. vahI, pR0 206 / 10. asAvai, pR0 32 /

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jaina tIrtha : 229 mUlanAyaka ke 1698 I0 meM racita tIrthamAlA meM yahA~ cAra maMdira hone kA varNana hai / azoka ke pautra samprati ne hamIragar3ha meM "pArzvanAtha kA mandira" banavAyA thA / isa mandira kA jIrNoddhAra 764 I0 meM prAgvATa mantrI, sAmanta ne karavAyA evaM AcArya zrI ne usakI pratiSThA kI / isa kalA mandira kI khudAI, pIThikA kI gajamAla aura pratyeka pASANa kI kalAtmakatA ko dekhakara yaha sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha mandira jagatprasiddha delavAr3A ke mandira evaM raNakapura ke trailokya dIpaka dharaNI vihAra se prAcIna hai evaM unake nirmANa kA Adarza rahA hai / 14vIM zatAbdI meM yaha nagara apane vaibhava ke lie prasiddha thA / mUla maMdira kI dIvAroM para 1493 I0 se 1499 I0 taka ke 8 lekha khude hue haiM, jisase isakI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai / zilAlekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki isa mandira meM rUpa meM pahale " jIrAvalA pArzvanAtha" kI mUrti kI sthApanA huI thI / 1610 I0 meM racita "gaur3I pArzvanAtha stavana" meM isa gA~va kA nAma mIrapura evaM mUlanAyaka pArzvanAtha likhA huA hai / 1499 I0 ke pazcAt kisI kAraNavaza yahA~ kI gaur3I pArzvanAtha kI mUrti bambaI ke pAyadhunI samAja meM sthita gaur3I pArzvanAtha ke mandira meM sthApita kI gaI, aisI janazruti hai / 18vIM zatAbdI se hI yaha nagara ujar3anA zurU ho gayA aura yahA~ ke zrAvaka sirohI evaM gujarAta cale gaye / yahA~ ke bAvana jinAlaya mandira meM vardhamAna sUri dvArA sthApita do khaDgAsana pratimAe~ haiM, jina para 1289 I0 ke lekha haiM / jinacaubIsI ke eka saMgamaramara ke paTTa para 1962 I0 kA eka lekha hai / yaha mandira bahuta kalAtmaka banA huA hai / " ensAiklopIDiyA oNpha varlDa ArTa" meM vizva ke kalAtmaka mandiroM meM isakA ullekha hai / 4 ( 37 ) narahada tIrthaM : narahada, jhuMjhunU jile meM pilAnI se 8 ki0 mI0 dUra avasthita hai / isakA prAcIna nAma " narabhaTa" thA / " yahA~ ke mandiroM aura pratimAoM ke bhagnAvazeSoM ko dekhakara spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM yaha eka samRddha bastI thI / " kharatara gaccha paTTAvalI" meM narahada ko vAgar3a prAnta kA mahattvapUrNa nagara batAyA gayA hai / 6 14vIM zatAbdI ke 1, jaisaMzo, 1, aMka 3, pR0 8 / 2. asAva, pR0 32 / 3. vahI / 4. vahI, pR0 33 // 5. esiTArA, pR0 323 | 6. khabagu, pR0 65 //

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230 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadhamaM 2 AcArya vinayaprabha sUri ne apane 'tIrthayAtrA upavana" meM isa sthAna ke pArzvanAtha bimba kA varNana karate hue, isa tIrtha kA ullekha kiyA hai / " yahA~ para cauhAnoM ke zAsanakAla meM jinadatta sUri ne pArzvanAtha kI eka nauphaNI pratimA sthApita kI thI, jo kAlakrama meM eka cAmatkArika mUrti siddha huI aura yaha sthAna jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM prasiddha huA / isa kSetra se uttara gupta kAla kI neminAtha aura zAMtinAtha kI do pratimAe~ khojI gaI haiM | isase siddha hotA hai ki yahA~ jaina mata prAcInakAla se hI astitva meM thA / 1318 I0 meM yahA~ ke zrAvakoM ne nAgaura meM jinacandra sUri ke tatvAvadhAna meM hue " nandi mahotsava" meM bhAga liyA thA / pUrva madhyakAla meM yahA~ vibhinna kSetroM se tIrthayAtrI Ate rahate the / jinacandra sUri ke sAtha 1318 I0 meM hastinApura jAne vAlA bRhad yAtrA saMgha yahA~ bhI darzanArtha evaM pUjArthaM rukA thA, jisakA bhavya svAgata kiyA gayA thA / " kucha sthAnIya zrAvaka bhI isa saMgha meM tIrtha yAtrA ke lie zAmila ho gaye the / 1319 I0 meM dillI se mer3atA lauTate samaya jinacandra sUri narahada meM ruke the / 1323 I0 meM ujjayanta Adi tIrthoM kI yAtrA para jAte samaya jinakuzala sUri narahada meM, jinadatta sUri dvArA 12vIM zatAbdI meM pratiSThita pArzvanAtha pratimA ke darzana ke lie ruke the / 7 narahada kA pArzvanAtha mandira sambhavataH phiroja tugalaka ke dvArA hisAra kA kilA sthApita karavAte samaya, 14vIM zatAbdI meM dhvasta kiyA gayA thA ' ( 38 ) ArAsaNa tIrtha : isakA nAma kumbheriyA tIrthaM bhI hai / kumbheriyA gA~va kA asalI nAma ArAsaNa thA, jisakI puSTi prAcIna zilAlekhoM meM bhI hotI hai / yaha arbuda maNDala kI talahaTI meM hai | yahA~ pA~ca bhavya mandira haiM / neminAtha kA mandira sabase bar3A hai / isakA zikhara unnata evaM prazasta hai / mandira ke tona daravAje haiM / isameM tIrthakara neminAtha kI zveta saMgamaramara kI 1618 I0 ke lekha vAlI pratimA hai, jisake upakeza gacchIya vijayadeva sUri dvArA pratiSThA kiye jAne kA ullekha hai / isa mandira meM kaI mUrtiyA~ haiM aura kucha 1. jaisapra 17, pR0 15 / * 2. khabugu, pR0 72 / 3. ie riporTa, 1956-57 / 4. khabugu, pR0 65 / 5. vahI / 6. vahI, pR0 72 // 7. esiTArA, pR0 325 / 8. vahI / 9. jaina tIrtha gAiDa, pR0 106 /

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jena tIrtha : 23 // 1288 I0 meM paramAnaMda sUri dvArA pratiSThita bhI haiN| yahAM maMDapa kI zRMgAra caukI ke staMbha para 1253 I0 kA lekha hai|' dUsarA mandira mahAvIra kA hai, isakI raMga maNDapa kI chata para utkRSTa kArIgarI hai| parikramA meM 24 devAlaya haiN| mUlanAyaka ko zveta saMgamaramara pratimA para 1618 I0 kA lekha hai, isameM bhI vijayadeva sUri kA ullekha hai|' raMgamaNDapa ke rikta tAkoM meM kucha lekha aMkita hai, kintu akSara miTa jAne se kevala 1091 I0 hI spaSTa dikhAI detA hai| tRtIya, zAMtinAtha mandira meM 16 devAlaya haiM, jinameM 1089 I0 va 1081 I0 ke vibhinna lekha khaMDita evaM ghise hae haiN| yahA~ kI zAntinAtha pratimA samprati kAlIna batAyI jAtI hai| caturtha, gaur3I pArzvanAtha ke mandira meM 1308 I0 kI mUrti hai, kintu mandira kI vedI para 1159 I0 kA lekha hai| parikramA ke aMtima devAlaya para 1104 I0 kA lekha hai, jo ghisa cukA hai va aspaSTa hai / pA~cavA~ mandira saMbhavanAtha kA hai|4 (39) ghaMghANI tIrtha : yaha jodhapura se 22 mIla dUra hai| yaha pahale "arjuna-pura" ke nAma se vikhyAta thaa| yahA~ samrAT samprati dvArA banavAyA huA padmaprabhu kA 2200 varSa purAnA mandira batAyA jAtA hai| bhUmi se 72 phITa U~cA evaM tAlAba ke kinAre hone se isakI zobhA anupama hai| kucha varSoM se isakI vyavasthA jodhapura saMgha ne saMbhAla rakhI hai, yahA~ prativarSa caitra kRSNa navamI ko melA lagatA hai| yahAM se 880 I0 ke lekha yukta eka tIrthakara AdinAtha kI pratimA khojI gaI / " abhilekha ke anusAra isa mUrti kI pratiSThA udyotana sUri ke ziSya vacchaladeva ke dvArA karavAI gaI thii| yaha rAjasthAna kI mahattvapUrNa kalAtmaka jaina pratimAoM meM se eka hai / nikaTa ke ghAMghANaka sthAna para bhI cauhAna kAlIna jaina smAraka haiM / yahA~ se prApta 1184 I0 ke abhilekha meM mahAvIra ke varSAgranthi ke utsava ke nimitta bhaNDArI guNadhara dvArA maNDora kI maNDapikA se AdhA drama prati mAha dene kA ullekha hai|6 1192 I0 ke anya abhilekha meM bhI jaina mandiroM ko diye gaye anudAna kA ullekha hai| 1. jaina tIrtha gAiDa / 2. vhii| 3. vahI, pR0 107 / 4. vahI, pR0 109 / 5. nAjailesa, 2, kra0 1709 / 6. prAjailesa, 2, kra0 429 / 7. jaranala oNpha eziyATika sosAiTI oNpha beMgAla ( ena0 esa0 ) 1915 /

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232 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadhamaM (40) muchAlA mahAvIra tIrthaM ( ghANerAva ) : ghANerAva kasbe se tIna mIla dUra, jaMgala meM prakRti kI goda meM, yaha prAcIna evaM suramya tIrtha sthita hai| yahAM ke mahAvIra mandira meM mahAvIra kI eka atizaya yukta sundara mUrti hai / mandira meM garbhagRha, gUDhamaNDapa, trikamaNDapa, raMgamaNDapa, paTTasalikA evaM 24 devakulikA / yaha mandira muchAlA mahAvIra ke nAma se prasiddha | mandira ke samatala vitAnoM para mAnavAkRtiyA~, puSpa, pattiyA~ evaM ghanAkRtiyoM kA sundara utkIrNana hai / sthApatya zailI evaM abhilekhIya sAkSya ke anusAra yaha mandira 10vIM zatAbdI yA usase pUrva kA honA cAhiye / yahA~ se prApta prAcInatama abhilekha 976 I0 kA hai, jo gUr3ha maNDapa kI chata meM utkIrNa hai / dUsarA abhilekha 1157 I0 kA hai, jisameM zrIvaMzIya mANDava gotra ke yazobhadrasUri santAnIya anuyAyI mantrI sauhAra dvArA, prIti sUri ke tattvAvadhAna meM pabAsana banavAne kA ullekha hai / 2 (41) barakANA tIrtha : yaha goDavAr3a kI paMcatIrthI kA eka mahattvapUrNa evaM prAcIna tIrthaM hai / yahA~ kA jaina mandira prAcIna hai, kintu bAra-bAra ke jIrNoddhAra se isakA rUpa pUrNataH parivartita ho cukA hai / prAcIna avazeSoM meM, navacaukI ke eka stambha para cauhAna kAla kA eka 1154 I0 kA abhilekha hai, jisakI bhASA aspaSTa evaM ghisa jAne ke kAraNa par3hane yogya nahIM hai, kintu saMvat kA spaSTa ullekha hone se yaha mandira 12vIM zatAbdI kA nirmita pratIta hotA hai / isa mandira ke mUlanAyaka pArzvanAtha haiM / sarvarAja gaNi ne 1492 I0 meM racita " Ananda sundara grantha " meM " barakANA pArzva prasanno bhava" likhA hai, jisase spaSTa hai ki yaha lokapriya evaM sarvapUjya pratimA thI / yahA~ mevAr3a ke mahArANA jagatasiMha prathama va dvitIya ke zAsana kAla ke do abhilekha haiM / 4 1629 I0 ke abhilekha meM mahArANA dvArA yahA~ sampanna hone vAle mele ke avasara para pauSa buddhi 8 se 11 taka tIrtha yAtrAoM ko kara se mukta rakhane kA ullekha hai / yaha eka 52 jinAlaya vAlA mandira hai, jisake bAhara hI prastara ke do vizAla hAthI haiM, andara cauka meM bhI prastara kI vizAla hasti pratimA hai / isa kSetra meM 1749 I0 ke tIna zilAlekha bhI haiM / " caukI meM hI gajArUr3ha seTha seThAnI kI bhI pratimA hai, jo saMbhavataH mandira kA jIrNoddhAra karavAne vAle rahe 1. zrI jaipralesa, kra0 323 / 2. vahI, kra0 324 / 3. jaina tIrtha sarva saMgraha, 1, khaNDa 1 / 4. saMbodhi 8, pR0 83, 82 / 5. jaina tIrthaM gAIDa, pR0 135 /

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jaina tIrtha : 233 hoMge / mandira ko mUla nAyaka pArzvanAtha pratimA anuzrutiyoM ke anusAra samprati kAlIna batAyI jAtI hai, kintu isakA parikara 1650 I0 kA nirmita hai|' mandira meM lagabhaga 200 pratimAe~ haiM / 2 (42) kareDA pArzvanAtha tIrtha : __mevAr3a kI paMcatIrthI kA yaha pArzvanAtha tIrtha, bhopAla sAgara sTezana se lagabhaga 1 mIla dUra, 52 jinAlaya vAlA eka vizAla mandira hai / apane sthApatya vaiziSTya ke kAraNa yaha mevAr3a ke mahattvapUrNa mandiroM meM se hai| isa vizAla mandira kI saMracanA anya zvetAmbara jaina mandiroM kI tulanA meM bhinna hai, kyoMki isameM trika maNDapa, raMga maNDapa Adi nahIM haiN| isameM eka garbhagRha, eka gUDha maNDapa, do bediyA~, unake sammukha barAmade, sabhA maNDapa tathA golAkAra pradakSiNA hai| sampUrNa mandira saMgamaramara kA nirmita hai, jo 10vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kA pratIta hotA hai| yahA~ kI eka dhAtu pratimA se 7vIM zatAbdI kA lekha prApta huA thA, kintu vaha pratimA aba draSTavya nahIM hai| zyAma pArzvanAtha kI pratimA para 982 I0 kA abhilekha utkIrNa hai| isake anusAra isa pratimA kI pratiSThA sAMDeraka gaccha ke yazobhadra ke ziSya zyAmAcArya ne karavAI thii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki 12vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva taka yaha mUlataH digambara mandira thA, kyoMki marammata ke daurAna purAne palastara ke nIce katipaya nagna tIrthakara pratimAeM dekhane ko milI haiN|" 1374 I0 meM kharatara gaccha kA eka vizAla mahotsava yahA~ Ayojita huA thaa| 1269 I0 ke sevAr3I se prApta abhilekha" meM mandira kI vyavasthA ke nimitta nADaula kI maNDapikA se eka nizcita rAzi ke anudAna kA ullekha hai / eka gurvAvalI se prApta jAnakArI ke anusAra pethar3a kumAra ne yaha eka mandira banavAyA thaa| usakA putra jhAMjhaNa ise satamaMjilA banavAnA cAhatA thA, kintu tIna maMjila hI pUrNa ho paaii| isake gUr3ha maNDapa meM kAle saMgamaramara kI 1599 I0 ke lekha yukta pArzvanAtha pratimA hai / mahArANA -sarUpasiMha ke samaya meM bhI mandira kA bRhada jIrNoddhAra huA thaa| 1. jaina tIrtha gAiDa / 2. vhii| 3. nAjailesa, 2, kra0 1905 / 4. vahI, kra0 1948 / 5. vIravANI kA eka lekha / 6. vijJapti lekha saMgraha, pR0 12-14 / 7. prAjailesa, 2, kra0 330 / 8. jaina tIrtha sarva saMgraha, 2, pR0 344 / 9. vhii|

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234 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma (43) nAMdiyA tIrtha : yaha tIrtha mAravAr3a kI choTI paMcatIrthI ke antargata hai| nAndiyA grAma, sajjanapura roDa relave sTezana se 6 mIla dUra hai| isake prAcIna nAma sAhityika srotoM ke anusAra "nandigrAma", "nandipura" evaM "nandivarddhanapura" milate haiM / gAMva ke cAturdika pahAr3a haiN| gAMva ke uttara meM mahAvIra kA eka vizAla mandira hai, jisameM 1073 I0 kA prAcInatama abhilekha hai| isa lekha meM nAndiyaka caitya ke pAsa zivagaNa dvArA eka kuMA nirmita karavAne kA ullekha hai| isase spaSTa pramANita hotA hai ki yaha mandira 1073 I0 se pUrva bhI astitva meM thaa| mandira ke sabhA maNDapa ke eka stambha para utkIrNa 1144 I0 ke lekha meM zreSThI nimbA aura bhepA dvArA isa stambha ko nirmita karavAne kA ullekha hai| 1379 I0 meM racita "pArzvanAtha caritra" meM nAndiyA ke mahAvIra mandira kI utkRSTa nirmANa yojanA kA ullekha hai| yahIM ke dUsare zAntinAtha ke mandira meM pArzvanAtha kI dhanerA se lAI gaI 1154 I0 ke lekha yukta pratimA hai / yahA~ ke mahAvIra va zAntinAtha donoM jinAlayoM se 1196 I0, 1436 I0, 1464 I0, 1471 I0, 1472 I0, 1488 I0 Adi ke kaI lekha upalabdha hote haiM / (44) diyANA tIrtha : yaha bhI mAravAr3a kI choTI paMcatIrthI kA tIrtha hai, jo "jIvitasvAmI" se sambandhita mAnA jAtA hai| yaha grAma bhI arbuda kSetra kA prAcIna sthala hai, jahA~ jainadharma kA acchA varcasva rhaa| yahA~ kA mUla mandira zAntinAtha ko samarpita thA, kintu isameM vartamAna meM 967 I0 kI mahAvIra pratimA pratiSThita hai| yaha tIrtha kaI zatAbdiyoM se nirantara pUjita rahA hai aura kaI jainAcAryoM ne yahA~ cAturmAsa kAla vyatIta kiyA hai| yahA~ ke 954 I0 ke kAyotsargastha pratimA lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki sanar3a kI bhAryA nayanA bAI, putra vAsiyA, usakI bhAryA vayajala devI va putra lakSmaNa siMha ne pArzvanAtha kA yugma bimba bRhadagacchIya paramAnanda sUri ke ziSya yakSadeva sUri ke dvArA pratiSThita karavAye the| (45) ajArI tIrtha : mAravAr3a kI choTI paMcatIrthI kA yaha tIrtha bhI jaina mAnyatAoM meM prAcIna kAla se 1. aprajailesa, kra0 452 / 2. vahI, kra0 453 / 3. jaina tIrtha sarva saMgraha, 1, khaNDa 2 / 4. aprajailesa, kra0 455 se 469 / 5. zrI jaipralesa, kra0 331 /

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jaina tIrtha : 235. hI mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA rahA hai| ajArI tIrthaM piMDavAr3A se 5 ki0 mI0 dUra hai / yahA~ para jaina va hindU mandiroM ke vistRta bhagnAvazeSa haiM, jisase pratIta hotA hai ki prAcIna samaya meM yaha bar3A nagara thA / yahA~ ke jaina mandira se 969 I0 se 1397 I0 taka ke kaI abhilekha prApta hote haiM, jinase prakaTa hotA hai ki isa tIrtha ko jaina dharmAvalambiyoM meM mahattvapUrNa mAnyatA thI / 1397 I0 meM pippalAcArya gaccha ke vAcaka soma prabha sUri ne isa mandira meM sumatinAtha kI pratimA nirmita karavAI thI / " (46) loTANA tIrthaM : vijayarAjendra sUri dvArA sirohI kSetra se saMgrahIta abhilekhoM ke, daulata siMha lor3hA dvArA sampAdita grantha meM isa tIrthaM kA ullekha hai / yahA~ se cAra abhilekha prApta huye haiM | zAntinAtha paMcatIrthI kA 1054 I0 kA lekha prAcInatama hai, jisameM upakeza gacchIya devagupta sUri kA bhI ullekha hai / 3 isase siddha hotA hai ki yahA~ kA jina mandira pUrva ke madhyakAla meM bhI astitva meM rahA hogA / 1073 I0 ke pratimA lekha se nivRtti kula zrInanda aura AsapAla dvArA zekhara sUri ke mAdhyama se pArzvanAtha kI do pratimAe~ pratiSThita karavAne kA ullekha hai / maNDapa meM sthApita vardhamAna kI saparikara pratimA ke 1087 I0 ke lekha meM devAcArya dvArA pratiSThA karavAne kA ullekha hai / " 1812 I0 kA lekha RSabhadeva kI pAdukA para aMkita dekhane ko milatA hai / (47) jhAlarA pATana tIrthaM : zrI zAntinAtha digambara jaina atizaya kSetra jhAlarApATana, jhAlAvAr3a jilA mukhyAlaya se 5 mIla dUra hai / jhAlarApATana kA prAcIna nAma "candrAvatI" thA, jo kAlI siMdha kI sahAyaka nadI candrabhAgA para avasthita thA / vibhinna purAtAttvika avazeSoM se siddha huA hai ki yaha eka purAtana nagara thA, kintu prApta pramANoM evaM bhagnAvazeSoM ke AdhAra para yaha chaThI yA 7vIM zatAbdI se adhika prAcIna nahIM hai / " yaha sthAna prArambha se hI zaivavaiSNava va jaina tIrthaM rahA hai / " 1. jaiirA, pR0 89 / 2. zrI jaipralesa, pR0 19 / 3. vahI, kra0 321 / 4. vahI, kra0 318 / 5. vahI, kra0 320 / 6. vahI, kra0 319 / 7. esiTArA, pR0 131 / 8. vahI, pR0 134 //

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236 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadhamaM yahA~ zahara ke madhya vistRta parisara meM zAntinAtha kA bhavya mandira hai, jisameM zAntinAtha kI 12 phuTa U~cI saumya evaM sAtizaya khaDgAsana pratimA hai / isa mandira kA nirmANa 1046 I0 meM zAha pApA hUmaDa ne karavAyA thA aura usakI pratiSThA bhAvadeva - sUri se karavAI thI / ' sAtasalAkI pahAr3I para sthita stambha ke 1109 I0 ke zilAlekha meM zreSThI pApA kI mRtyu kA varNana milatA hai / sambhavataH ye zreSThI pApA ho zAntinAtha mandira ke nirmAtA the / prAcIna kAla meM isa mandira kI bahuta khyAti thI / aneka zrAvaka evaM muni darzanoM ke liye Ate rahate the / 1047 I0 ke eka zilAlekha meM eka yAtrI ke * nAma kA ullekha milatA hai / uparokta mandira ke sthAna para hI vartamAna mandira kA nirmANa huA hai / mUlanAyaka zAntinAtha kI mUrti prAcIna mandira kI hI mUrti hai aura * isakI pratiSThA 1103 I0 meM huI thI, aisA vizvAsa hai, kyoMki isa mUrti kA lekha par3hA nahIM jA sakA hai / mandira ke dvAra para vizAla zveta varNa hAthI bane huye haiM / itane vizAla pASANa gaja anyatra dekhane ko nahIM milate haiM / yahA~ hastalikhita granthoM kA eka vizAla zAstra bhaNDAra bhI hai, jisameM aneka aprakAzita evaM durlabha grantha haiM / mandira ke bAhara - tInoM ora bane barAmade meM 15 vediyA~ haiM, jina para kaI pratimAe~ AsIna haiM / mandira meM kucha prAcIna pratimAe~ 1433 I0, 1435 I0, 1467 I0, 1478 I0, 1563 I0 kI haiM, jinakI pratiSThA balAtkAra gaNa kI IDara zAkhA ke vibhinna bhaTTArakoM ne karavAI thI / jaina nasiyA, jhAlAvAr3a mArga ke kinAre vizAla parisara meM avasthita hai / isameM purAnI nasiyA se lAI gaI eka caubIsI hai, jo bAyIM ora kI vedI para sthApita halke lAla varNa kI pArzvanAtha pratimA hai / isakA AkAra 2 phITa 8 iMca hai / yaha pratimA pA~ca phuTa U~ce va tIna phuTa caur3e eka zilAphalaka para hai / pratimA ke Upara sapta phaNAvalI utkIrNa hai / parikara meM chatra, gaja, mAlAdhArI deva, camarendra, donoM pArzvo meM 7 padmAsana tathA chatra ke Upara 8 khaDgAsana pratimAe~, padmAsana pratimAoM ke nIce dharaNendra aura padmAvatI utkIrNa hai / mUrti kA pratiSThA kAla 1169 I0 kA hai / dAyIM vedI para mUla nAyaka pArzvanAtha kI 1 phuTa 9 iMca avagAhanA kI aura 1488 I0 meM pratiSThita zveta varNa kI padmAsana pratimA / isake alAvA 1608 I0 va 1612 I0 kI mUrtiyoM sahita 7 aura pratimAe~ haiM / mandira ke bAhara 3 niSedhikAe~ va una para chatariyA~ banI huI haiM / eka, 1007 I0 kI hai, jo AcArya bhAvadeva ke ziSya zrImaMta deva ke nidhana para, dUsarI 1123 I0 meM AcArya devendra ke liye evaM tIsarI kumudacandrAcArya AmnAya ke 1. ane, 13, pR0 125 / 2. erirAmyuma, 1912-13, pR0 7 /

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jaina tIrtha : 237 bhaTTAraka kumAradeva kI hai, jo 1232 I0 meM devaloka sidhAre the|' sAtasalAkI pahAr3I ke stambha kA 1009 I0 kA lekha nemidevAcArya va baladevAcArya kA ullekha karatA hai| isI stambha para 1242 I0 ke zilAlekha meM mUlasaMgha aura devasaMgha kA ullekha hai| yahA~ ke zItalezvara mahAdeva mandira va nagarastha sUrya mandira bhI bahuta bhavya evaM kalAtmaka haiN| (48) kezorAya pATana tIrtha : kezorAya pATana koTA se 15 ki0 mI0 dura uttara-pUrva meM cambala nadI ke kinAre avasthita hai| yahA~ sthita tIrthaMkara suvratanAtha kA mandira hADautI pradeza kA hI nahIM, apitu rAjasthAna ke prAcInatama tIrthoM meM se eka hai| mUrti ke atizaya kI khyAti kaI zatAbdiyoM se calI A rahI hai / 12vIM zatAbdI meM yaha mandira jainAcAryoM kI tapobhUmi va jaina dharma evaM saMskRti kA prabhAva kendra rahA hai / kezorAya pATana kevala jaina tIrtha hI nahIM, apitu prasiddha brAhmaNa tIthaM bhI hai| isake pUrvavartI nAma-"Azramanagara", "Azrama paTTana"" aura "paTTana" the / pUrva nAma Azrama nagara se pratIta hotA hai ki mUla rUpa se yaha sthAna pavitra saMtoM kI tapobhUmi rahA / sambhavataH isakA cunAva prAkRtika saundarya se abhibhUta hokara kiyA gayA hogaa| kAlakrama meM nagarIya svarUpa dhAraNa kara lene para, isakA nAma Azrama nagara yA Azrama paTTana ho gayA / candrazekhara racita "surjana caritra"6 se jJAta hotA hai ki akabara ke kAla meM yaha kevala 'paTTana" kahalAtA thA / 1601 I0 meM bUndI ke rAjA zatruzAla ne yahA~ kezorAya (viSNu) maMdira nirmita karavAyA ataH isakA vartamAna nAma astitva meM aayaa| 13vIM zatAbdI ke lekhaka madanakIti ne "zAsana catustriMzaTIkA" meM tIrtha sthAna ke rUpa meM isakA ullekha kiyA hai| inhoMne muni suvrata ke mandira kI sthApanA eka zilA para karane evaM tatsaMdarbhita jaina va brAhmaNoM ke sAmpradAyika saMgharSa kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| "prAkRta nirvANa kAMDa" evaM "apabhraMza nirvANa bhakti" meM bhI muni suvrata ke jaina mandira kA sandarbha diyA gayA hai| talaprakoSTha meM mUlanAyaka sthita hone ke kAraNa ise "bhUtidevarA" bhI kahate haiM / isa sthAna se khudAI meM prApta eka kalpavRkSa paTTa evaM anya jaina mUrtiyA~, isa mandira 1. TaoNDa, enalsa, 2, pR0 792 / 2. erirAmyua, 1912-13, pR0 7-8 / 3. esiTArA, pR0 413 / / 4. bRhada dravya saMgraha TIkA, vIravANI, smArikA, pR0 109 / 5. hammIra mahAkAvya, 8, pR0 106-108 / 6. surjana caritra, 9, pR0 22-41 /

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238 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma se hI sambaddha rahI hoNgii|' digambara jaina khaNDelavAloM ke eka jAgA ke rikArDa ke anusAra, pATaNa meM kSatriya kula teMvara vaMzIya pRthvIrAja zAsaka the, jinhoMne khaNDelA meM jAkara "44 I0 meM zrAvaka vrata grahaNa kiyA thaa| inhIM kI vaMza paramparA meM mohanadAsa pATaNI ne "pATaNa ta~varA" meM muni suvrata nAtha kI pratiSThA 278 I0 meM sampanna karavAI thii| isI vaMza paramparA meM jIvarAja ke putra vikramasiMha ne 398 I0 meM pArzvanAtha kI mUrti pratiSThita karAI / "bRhada dravya saMgraha" kI eka prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki muni suvrata jaina mandira meM nemicandra ne zreSThI somA ke Agraha para isa graMtha kI racanA kI, usa samaya isa sthAna kA zAsaka bhoja kA eka nikaTa sambandhI zrIpAla maMDalezvara ke rUpa meM niyukta thaa| somA eka bhAMDAgArika thA / 4 nemicandra siddhAMtideva ne isI caityAlaya meM "laghu dravya saMgraha" kI bhI racanA kii| mUlanAyaka pratimA ke camatkAroM ke saMdarbha meM aneka kiMvadantiyA~ janatA meM pracalita haiN| eka anuzruti ke anusAra muhammada gorI kI senAoM dvArA yahA~ vidhvaMsa karane para mUrti para prahAra karate samaya paira ke aMgUThe se dudha kI tona dhAra nikalI va sabhI AkramaNakArI bhAga gaye / anya eka cAmatmakArika prakaraNa yaha batAyA jAtA hai ki eka bAra plega phailane para nivAsiyoM dvArA tIna cAra mAha ke liye nagara tyAgane ke pUrva jalAI gaI jota, bAda meM bhI jalatI huI milii| atizaya kSetra kA mandira cambala taTa se 40 phITa U~cI TekarI para nirmita hai| U~ce-nIce dharAtala ke kAraNa vistRta parisara meM hote huye bhI nirmANa yojanApUrNa nahIM hai / mandira ke bAhya bhAga meM do kamare, dAlAna va do caukI haiN| mandira ke UparI bhAga va bhUgarbha gRha meM vediyAM nirmita haiN| Upara pA~ca vediyA~ haiM-prathama vedI para neminAtha ko zyAma pASANa kI savA phuTa padmAsana mUrti 1607 I0 kI, puSpadanta kI zveta pASANa kI 1497 I0 kI muMDAsA zahara meM bhaTTAraka jinacandra se pratiSThita pratimA, 975 I0 meM pratiSThita mahAvIra kI zveta pASANa kI padmAsana pratimA tathA nandIzvara jinAlaya, dUsarI vedI para 1 phuTa U~cI zveta varNa kI padmAsana mahAvIra pratimA, 1524 I0 ko zveta pASANa kI candraprabhu pratimA tathA do dhAtu pratimAe~, tIsarI vedI para pArzvanAtha kI katthaI varNa kI padmAsana pratimA, 1769 I0 kI savAI mAdhopura meM pratiSThita zveta varNa kI padmAsana mUrti, candra prabhu kI 1492 I0 kI mUrti, pAMca choTI-choTI zyAma varNa pratimAe~, saMbhavataH 7vIM yA 8vIM zatAbdI kI bhUre vaNaM ke zilAphalaka meM parisara meM anya AkRtiyoM sahita padmAsana mUrti tathA 1362 I0 kI pratiSThita eka pratimA, cauthI vedI para AdinAtha kI 1. esiTArA, pR0 415 / 2. kAsalIvAla, ke0 pATana, pR0 58-59 / 3. vahI, pR0 59 / 4. vIravANI smArikA, pR0 109 /

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jena tIthaM : 239 katthaI pratimA aura pAMcavIM vedI para 1689 I0 meM cAMdakher3I meM kizanadAsa bagheravAla dvArA pratiSThita pArzvanAtha kI zyAma varNa pratimA, do anya pArzvanAtha kI pratimAe~ tathA 22 dhAtu kI choTI-choTI pratimAe~ haiM / bhUgarbha gRha ke Upara kalAtmaka gumbadAkAra chatrI hai / sopAna mArga meM andara praviSTa hone para dA~yI bhitti meM 2 phuTa 2 iMca ke zilAphalaka para bhAmaMDala sahita eka mUrti evaM kucha anya mUrtiyA~, kucha Age eka vedI para 2 phuTa 6 iMca ke zilAphalaka meM lAlavarNI pArzvanAtha va anya khaDgAsana pratimAe~, mor3a se Age eka zilAphalaka meM 4 // phuTa U~cI muni suvrata nAtha kI saleTI varNa kI padmAsana mUrti, agale mor3a ke uparAnta dvAra ke bhItara praveza karane para 16 stambhoM para AdhArita maMDapa, jisakI bA~yI vedI para padmaprabhu ko khaDgAsana pratimA, 1270 I0 kI zAMtinAtha pratimA, 1270 I0 kI hI eka aura pratimA tathA 1293 I0 ko eka anya pratimA tathA sAmane hI 20 veM tIrthaMkara mUlanAyaka muni suvratanAtha kI 4 phuTa 5 iMca U~cI sAtizaya, zyAma pASANa se nirmita pratimA hai / isa pratimA meM pASANa ke bhAmaMDala sahita sira para kacchapa ke lAMchala sahita tIna 1 chatra, dundubhi mAlA liye huye deva, yakSa, yakSiNI, sevaka, varuNa, nIce zArdUla evaM mUrti para opadAra pAliza hai jo ise maurya evaM kuSANa kAla ke bIca kI siddha karatI hai / mUrti kI nAka, hAtha kA aMgUThA aura dAhine paira kA aMgUThA kSatigrasta hai / muslima vidhvaMsakoM kI coTa ke nizAna spaSTa dikhAI dete haiM / mUlanAyaka sAtizaya pratimA ke AsapAsa anya kucha mUrtiyA~ aura haiM, jinameM tIna mUrtiyA~ 1270 I0, 1293 I0 evaM 1270 I0 kI haiM / bhoyare meM hI padmaprabhu ko khaDgAsana pratimA, marudevI kI bhAmaMDala sahita durlabha mUrti Adi bhI haiM / bhoMyare ke bAhara eka stambha para 1626 I0 ke lekha meM ullekha hai ki 1626 I0 meM AcArya harSakIrti apane saMgha ke sAtha yahA~ tIrtha yAtrA para Aye the / ' (49) caMvalezvara pArzvanAtha ( cUlezvara) tIrtha : zrI caMvalezvara pArzvanAtha digambara jaina sAtizaya kSetra bhIlavAr3A se 45 ki0 mI0 pUrva meM hai / yahA~ arAvalI parvata zrRMkhalA kI aniMdya suSamA ke akSaya koSa ke madhya, kAlI ghATI meM eka pahAr3a para yaha tIrthaM avasthita hai / anuzruti ke anusAra daribA gA~va ke seTha * zyAmA ke putra seTha nathamala zAha kI gAya pahAr3a para svataH hI dUdha girA detI thI / svapna meM mile nirdezoM ke AdhAra para isa sthAna ke utkhanana se kI saleTI varNa kI padmAsana mudrA meM 2 phuTa avagAhana kI mUrti nikalI, taba seTha ne mUrti prakaTa hone ke sthAna para hI mandira nirmANa karavAyA evaM 950 I0 paMcakalyANa pUrvaka pArzvanAtha kI mUrti kI pratiSThA karAyI / abhilekhoM se prApta jAnakArI ke anusAra isa pArzvanAtha kI baluAI pASANa 1. bhAdijetI, 4, pR0 62-67 //

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240 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma mandira kA nAma pahale cUlezvara thA', jo bigar3ate-bigar3ate caMvalezvara ho gyaa| ___atizaya kSetra pahAr3I para hai / yahA~ tIna dizAoM se jAne ke mArga haiM / pUrva kI ora 256 pakkI sor3hiyA~ haiN| mArga meM yAtriyoM ke vizrAma ke liye chatrI, pakkA tibArA va pAnI kA kuNDa bhI hai| sIr3hiyAM car3hane para samatala bhUmi hai, jahA~ parakoTe se AveSTita mandira hai| mandira ke dvAra ke UparI bhAga meM padmAsana tIrthaMkara pratimA banI huI hai| mandira meM praveza karane para choTA cauka hai, jisameM makAna va pazcima meM eka chatarI meM pASANa ke caraNa yugala haiN| isake Age maMDapa hai, phira mohana gRha hai / mohana gRha ke, praveza dvAra ke siradala para tIna tIrthakara pratimAe~ utkIrNa haiM / vedI eka hI hai, jisa para mUlanAyaka pArzvanAtha kI pratimA hai / isake dA~yI ora eka bhavya caubIsI hai| mandira ke nikaTa hI eka masjida va eka mahAdevajI kI chatarI hai| pahAr3a kI talahaTI meM eka jaina mandira hai, jisameM pArzvanAtha kI vizAla avagAhanA vAlI khaNDita pratimA hai / / (50) cittaur3a tIrtha (citrakUTa) : apane sudRr3ha durga ke lie vizvavikhyAta cittaur3a, udayapura se 180 ki0 mI0 uttara-pUrva meM hai / yaha nagara sambhavataH guptakAla meM bhI astitva meM thaa| bAda meM yaha morI rAjapUtoM kI rAjadhAnI banA / pUrva madhyakAla meM dharmapriya rAjapUta zAsakoM ke rAjya meM brAhmaNa, zaiva va jaina dharma kI bahuta pragati huii| 12vIM zatAbdI meM yaha jaina matAvalambiyoM kA pavitra tIrtha sthAna mAnA jAtA thaa| purAtAttvika avazeSoM se siddha hotA hai ki brAhmaNa dharma ke sAtha jaina dharma bhI yahA~ atyadhika lokapriya rahA / pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM prasiddha jaina dArzanika siddhasena divAkara yahAM Aye the|" 8vIM zatAbdI ke mahAna jaina santa, haribhadra sUri kA kArya kSetra va janma sthAna cittaur3a thA / 7vIM zatAbdI meM kRSNarSi ne eka vyakti ko sAdhatva kI dIkSA dI va bAda meM AcArya bnaayaa|6 12vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM jinavallabha sUri ne vidhi mArga ke pracAra ke liye cittaur3a ko hI apanA mukhyAlaya bnaayaa| unake upadezoM se mandira sthApita kiye gaye / unhoMne vIracatya ke prastaroM para apane sAre citrakAvya nirmita karavAye / caitya kI donoM dIvAroM para unakI "dharma zikSA" aura "saMgha paTaka" bhI ukere gye| jina 1. bhAdijaitI, pR0 86 / 2. vahI, 87 / 3. esiTArA, 224 / 4. gausI, 76, pR0 156 / 5. prabhAvaka caritra, pR0 24 / 6. upakeza gaccha prabandha, dR0 61 / 7. pITarsana riporTa, 1883-84, pR0 152 /

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jaina tIrtha : 241 vallabha sUri ke pazcAt jinadatta sUri kA paTTa samAroha 1112 I0 meM yahIM sampanna huaa| isa kAla meM hI vAdideva mUri ne zAstrArtha meM zivamUrti ko parAjita kiyaa| yaha sthAna 12vIM zatAbdI meM digambara bhaTTArakoM kI gaddI bhI thaa| mUlasaMgha paTTAvalI se jJAta hotA hai ki isa sthAna para dasa uttarAdhikArI kAlakrama meM bane / 2 jaba cAlukya kumArapAla 12vIM zatAbdI meM cittaur3a AyA, taba kile meM digambara jainiyoM kI eka samRddha bastI thii| jaba jinaprabodha sUri 1277 I0 meM cittaur3a Aye, to rAjaputra kSetrasiMha, karNarAja, sabhAsadoM va brAhmaNoM ne unakA svAgata kiyaa| devendra sUri ke upadezoM se 1278 I0 meM citrakUTa ke rAjA tejasiMha kI rAnI jayatallA devI ne pArzvanAtha mandira kA nirmANa krvaayaa| madhyakAla meM jinabhadra sUri ne jaina dharma kI mahAna sevA kI aura yahA~ 14 vIM zatAbdI meM kaI mandira nirmita karavAye / 1415 I0 meM bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ne mUlasaMgha kI citrakUTa meM punarsthApanA kii| ___durga meM kaI mahattvapUrNa jaina mandiroM kA astitva madhyakAla meM thaa| "zrRMgAra caMvarI" ke nAma se vikhyAta mandira ko katipaya itihAsakAroM dvArA kumbhA kI rAjakumArI ke vivAha maMDapa kI vedI batAyA hai, kintu mUlataH yaha jaina mandira hai| mUla rUpa se mandira kA nirmANa 13vIM zatAbdI meM huA thA tathA yahA~ aSTApada athavA sarvatobhadra pratimAe~ rahI hoNgii| isakA jIrNoddhAra mahArANA kumbhA ke zAsana kAla meM unake koSAdhyakSa zAha kolA ke putra bhaNDArI jAtIya zreSThI velA ne 1448 I0 karavAyA aura 1455 I0 meM yahA~ anya zreSThiyoM dvArA pratimAeM sthApita karAI gaI thiiN| yaha mandira 5 phuTa U~ce prAsAda pITha para vargAkAra banA huA hai / praveza dvAra uttara yA pazcima meM hai| mandira meM garbhagRha, khelA maNDapa va vedI hai, jo rikta hai| isake bagala meM hI eka mandira hai, jisameM khulA garbhagRha aura U~cI caukI kA eka maNDapa hai| isameM bhI koI mUrti nahIM hai / inakI bAharI dIvAroM para tIrthaMkaroM evaM zAsana devatAoM kI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| jaina kIrti stambha ke nikaTastha mahAvIra prAsAda kA jIrNoddhAra guNarAja nAmaka zreSThI ne mahArANA mokala ke rAjyakAla meM 1423 I0 meM prArambha karavAyA jo 1438 I0 meM pUrNa huaa| "soma saubhAgya kAvya" se jJAta hotA hai ki jIrNoddhAra ke bAda mandira kI pratiSThA, soma sundara sUri dvArA kI gaI / isa devAlaya ke sambandha meM rocaka tathya yaha hai ki yaha mUlataH digambara mandira thA / mahArANA kumbhA ke samaya taka citrakUTa meM digambara 1. prabhAvaka caritra, pR0 171-182 / 2. ei, 21, pR0 61 / 3. khabRgu, pR0 56 / / 4. erirAmyUa, 1923, kra0 8, pR0 9 /

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242 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma sampradAya kA prabhAva samApta ho gayA, taba zvetAmbara jainoM dvArA isakA jIrNoddhAra karavAne se yaha zvetAmbara mandira ho gayA / durga para anya sabhI jaina mandira kharatara gaccha, aMcalagaccha Adi ke haiM, lekina tapAgaccha kA eka mAtra yahI mandira thaa| mandira kI mUla zilAMkita prazasti naSTa ho gaI, kintu 1457 I0 kI usakI pratilipi upalabdha hai| yaha mandira akabara ke AkramaNa ke samaya naSTa kara diyA gayA thA, ataH vartamAna meM mandira kA garbhagRha evaM gar3ha maNDapa hI astitva meM haiN| sambhavataH yaha mandira pahale candraprabha mandira kahalAtA thA, jisakA nirmANa sAha jIjA ne karavAyA thaa| kumbha zyAma mandira ke sAmane, prAcIna jaina mandiroM kA eka samUha upalabdha hai, jise "sattabIsa devarI" kahA jAtA hai| ina mandiroM meM se kucha kumbhAkAlIna va zeSa mahArANA rAyamala kAlIna pratIta hote haiM / jIrNoddhAra ho jAne ke kAraNa inakI prAcInatA samApta ho gaI hai, phira bhI jo mUla bhAga hai, vaha tatkAlIna kalA kA mahattvapUrNa paricaya hai / mandiroM kI nirmANa yojanA sAmAnya zvetAmbara jaina mandiroM ke samAna hai, jinameM garbhagRha, gUr3ha maNDapa, trikamaNDapa, zRMgAra caukI Adi nirmita haiN| inameM prApta mUrtiyoM meM se kucha mahArANA mokala ke kAla kI bhI haiM / durga meM hI 75 phITa U~cA sAta maMjilA va sarvopari gandha kuTI rUpa chatarIyukta kIrti stambha, mahAvIra maMdira ke sAmane nirmita hai, ataH yaha isa maMdira kA mAna stambha rahA hogaa| yaha bagheravAla jAti ke khamar3avAr3a gotra ke sAha jIjA dvArA zurU karavAyA gayA aura ise usake putra punyasiMha ne kumbhakarNa ke zAsana kAla meM apanI putrI ke Agraha para pUrNa krvaayaa|' isake nIce kA vyAsa 31 phITa tathA Upara jAkara yaha 15 phuTa raha jAtA hai / TaoNDa ko stambha ke adhobhAga meM zilAlekha kA eka khaNDita bhAga prApta huA thA, jisake anusAra unhoMne ise 895 I0 meM nirmita evaM tIrthaMkara AdinAtha ko arpita honA batAyA, kintu yaha satya nahIM hai| nAnda gA~va ke digambara jaina mandira kI dhAtu pratimA para 1484 I0 ke lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki medapATa deza ke citrakUTa nagara meM kIrti stambha kA nirmANa candraprabha jinendra ke caityAlaya ke sammukha jIjA zAha ke putra puNyasiMha ne karavAyA thaa| isase spaSTa hai ki stambha ko racanA 1484 I0 se pUrva hI ho cukI thii| puNyasiMha hammIra ke samakAlIna the, cittaur3a meM gusAMI jI ke cabUtare para sthita samAdhi para lage khaNDita lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki mAna stambha pUrNa hone para bhaTTAraka dharmacandra se pratiSThA karavAI gaI, jinakA bhaTTAraka kAla 1214 I0 se 1239 I0 thA ataH kIrti stambha kA nirmANa 13vIM zatAbdI ke pUvAddhaM meM pUrNa huA mAnA jAnA caahiye| isa tathya se isake nirmANa kAla sambandhI bhrAnta dhAraNAoM kA khaNDana 1. ane, 8, pR0 139 /

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jaina tIrtha : 243 hotA hai, jaise--- ojhA ise 14vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha kA mAnate haiM ", kAmatA prasAda 895 I0, TaoNDa 895 I0 va zItala prasAda 1050 I0 ke lagabhaga mAnate haiM / kucha vidvAn ise kumArapAla nirmita mAnate haiM, to kucha ise zvetAmbara stambha mAnate haiM / 3 yaha mAnastambha zilpakalA kA anupama udAharaNa hai / isake cAroM konoM para AdinAtha kI digambara mUrtiyA~, khaDgAsana, dhyAna-mudrA meM, 5 phITa avagAhanA kI sthita haiM / bAhya bhAga meM aneka jaina mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / pASANoM ke alaMkaraNa pAramparika haiM, jo usa kAla meM hindU va jaina sthApatya meM vyavahRta hote the / inakA zilpa saundarya pazcAt - kAlIna vijaya stambha se adhika utkRSTa hai / " isakI UparI chatarI bijalI girane se TUTa gaI thI, jise udayapura nareza phatahasiMha ne 80,000 rupaye kI lAgata se punaH banavAyA thA / (ba) madhyakAla : (1) jaisalamera kI paMcatIrthI : jaisalamera jaina tIrtha, prakArAntara se rAjasthAna kA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa dharma, kalA aura sAhityika tIrtha hai / pIta prastara ke svarNima zilpa vaibhava se dIpta jaina mandira, paTuvoM kI haveliyA~, derAsara, upAzraya, dAdAsthAna Adi ke atirikta isa tIrtha kA mahAtmya yahA~ kI zAstra bhaNDArIya sampadA se bhI | inakA darzana tIrthaM yAtrA ke samAna pavitra mAnA jA sakatA hai| dhAra marusthala ke hRdaya pradeza meM avasthita yaha kSetra, prArambha se hI rAjasthAna meM jaina dharmaM kA gar3ha rahA / isakA zreya udAramanA jaina AcAryoM, rAjAoM, zreSThI, zrAvakoM evaM prajA ko hI nahIM, apitu isa kSetra kI marusthalIya sthiti, prAkRtika viSamatAoM, vanaspati, jala kA abhAva evaM pariNAma svarUpa muslima evaM anya AkrAmaka va vidhvaMsaka zaktiyoM ke mArga se pare avasthiti, arthAt bhaugolika dRSTi se surakSita sthiti ko hai / isa marubhUmi meM yahA~ ke kuzala zilpiyoM ne chenI aura hathaur3I ke mAdhyama se nIrasa pASANoM meM jisa prakAra kalA kI rasa dhArA bahAI hai, vaha advitIya hai / kAgaja para kI gaI koranI kI taraha ho, yahA~ ke kArIgaroM ne patthara para bArIka 1. ojhA - udayapura rAjya / 2. zItala prasAda, madhyabhArata va rAjapUtAnA ke jaina smAraka, pR0 133-141 / 3. jaisAsai, pR0 455 / 4. jaisa, 7, aMka 1, pR0 2-3 / 5. gairika, riporTa- TyUra paMjAba evaM rAjapUtAnA, 23, pR0 117 / 6. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla, bhUmikA, jaisalamera digdarzana, dInadayAla ojhA /

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244 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma koranI kA sundara kAma karake apratima jAliyoM, jharokhoM evaM kalA vaibhava kA sRjana kiyA hai| jaisalamera paMcatIrthI zvetAmbara jaina sampradAya kA bahuta bar3A tIrtha hai| jisa prakAra hinduoM ke liye badrikAzrama evaM puSkara kI yAtrA dhArmika dRSTi se mahattva kI hai, usI prakAra jainiyoM ke liye dhArmika uddezyoM kI pUrti ke hetu ludravA aura jaisalamera kI yAtrA karanA nitAnta Avazyaka hai|' kavivara samaya sundara ne apanI tIrthamAlA meM vibhinna tIrtha sthAnoM ke sAtha jaisalamera kI mahattA ko bhI prakaTa kiyA hai "jaisalamera juhAriye, duHkha vAriye re, "arihaMta bimba aneka, tIratha te namUre / " jaisalamera durga va zahara ke 10 jaina mandira, vibhinna derAsara va 18 upAzraya ke atirikta 5 ki0 mI0 dUra amarasara, 8 ki0 mI0 dUra lodravapura, 12 ki0 mI0 dUra brahmasara, 24 ki0 mI0 dUra devIkoTa tathA 250 ki0 mI0 dUra barasalapura ke jaina mandira darzanIya haiN| inheM hI jaisalamera paMcatIrthI ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| jaisalamera kI sthApanA jaisaladeva dvArA purAnI rAjadhAnI lodravapura se 13 ki0 mI0 dUra 1156 I0 meM kI gaI thI, kintu DaoN0 dazaratha zarmA isa tithi ko aprAmANika mAnate haiM aura 1177 I0 ke pazcAt kA samaya prAmANika batAte haiN| nagara kA prAcInatama ullekha kharatara gaccha paTTAvalI meM hai, jahA~ 1187 I0 ke eka varNana meM anya nagaroM ke sAtha isakA bhI nAma hai| jaisalamera bhaNDAra meM saMgrahIta 1228 I0 kI kRti "dhanya zAlibhadra caritra" meM isa nagara kA nAma diyA gayA hai, jisase pratIta hotA hai ki yaha nagara nirmANa ke zIghra bAda hI jaina dharma kA kendra rahA hogA / purAtana zilAlekhoM meM isa pradeza kA nAma "valla maMDala (valla deza) aura mADa bhI milatA hai / jaisalamera ke sAtha jainoM kA sambandha isa rAjya kI prAcIna rAjadhAnI lodravA se hI rahA / sambhavataH naI rAjadhAnI ke nirmANa ke sAtha hI mandira bhI sthApita hote rhe| [ka] cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha mandira : jaisalamera ke trikUTa durga meM 8 mandira sthita haiM, jinameM pArzvanAtha mandira pramukha hai| 1. jaisalamera paMcatIrthI kA itihAsa, pR0 12 / 2. vhii| 3. TaoNDa, enalsa, 2, pR0 263 / 4. rAthrae, 1, pR0 285 / 5. yuga pradhAna gurvAvalI, pR0.34 / 6. jaisalamera bhaNDAra kA grantha saMkhyA 270 /

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jena tIthaM : 245 "dasazrAvaka caritra" kI 1218 I0 meM likhita eka prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha mandira kSemaMdhara ke putra jagadhara ne nirmita karavAyA / 1268 I0 meM yahIM ke nemikumAra aura gaNadeva nAmaka dhanI zreSThiyoM ne pArzvanAtha mandira ke nimitta jinezvara sUri dvArA sthApita karavAne ke liye, svarNa kalaza banavAye / 1287 I0 meM jinaprabodha sUri ke nagara Agamana para rAjA karNadeva evaM anya rAjyAdhikAriyoM ne unakA bhavya svAgata kiyA tathA cAturmAsa vahIM vyatIta karane kI anunaya kI / isa samaya nemikumAra aura gaNadhara ne isa mandira meM caubIsI, jina mandira evaM aSTApada kI pratimAeM sthApita krvaaii| isa avasara para kucha muniyoM ko bhI dIkSita kiyA gayA / 1416 I0 meM AcArya jinarAja ke upadeza se lakSmaNa siMha ke rAjyakAla meM isa mandira kA jIrNoddhAra evaM punaH nirmANa kiyA gayA aura lodravA se lAI gaI pArzvanAtha kI mUrti yahA~ sthApita kI gaI taba isa mandira kA nAma "lakSmaNa-vihAra rakhA gyaa| isakA nirmANa 1402 I0 meM zurU kiyA gayA thA, jo lagabhaga 14 varSa taka calA aura 1416 I0 meM pUrNa huA / sAdhu kIrtirAja ne isakI prazasti kI racanA kI aura vAcaka jayasAgara gaNi ne ise saMzodhita kiyA tathA kArIgara dhannA ne ise utkIrNa kiyaa| osavAlavaMzIya, rAMkA gotra ke seTha cole sAha, seTha narasiMha va bhoje sAha jayasiMha ne mandira ko banavAyA / 1436 I0 ke abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki katipaya zrAvakoM ke dvArA supArzvanAtha kI pratimA kI sthApanA karavAI gii| / jaisalamera ke jaina mandira, gujarAta ke solaMkI va baghelA mandiroM ke sthApatya se pUrNatayA prabhAvita haiM / jagatI, garbhagRha, mukha maMDapa, gUDha maMDapa, raMga maMDapa, stambhoM va zikhara Adi meM yahAM solaMkI va baghelA mandiroM kA spaSTa anukaraNa dRSTigata hotA hai / pArzvanAtha mandira apane sthApatya evaM mUrtikalA ke liye prasiddha hai apanI " jaisalamera caitya paripATI" meM mandira kI bimba saMkhyA 910 -vRddhiratna ne " vRddhiratna mAlA" meM mUrti saMkhyA 1252 ke toraNa para sundara mUrtiyA~, vAdaka, vAdaniyoM kI nRtya mukhAkRtiyA~, belabUToM kA aMkana va donoM pArzvo meM devI-devatAoM kI bhairava mukhya haiM / toraNa ke ucca zikhara para ThIka madhya meM dhyAnastha jinasukha sUri ne batAI hai, jabaki likhI hai / mandira ke mukhya dvAra mudrAyeM, hAthI, siMha va ghor3e kI mUrtiyA~ haiM, jinameM pArzvanAtha kI mUrti 1. khabugu, pR0 34 / 2. vahI, pR0 52 / 3. vahI, pR0 58 / 4. " zrI lakSmaNa vihAro'yamiti vikhyAto jinAlayaH " pArzvanAtha mandira kA lekha / 5. nAjailesa, kra0 2114 / 6. agravAla, hisTrI oNpha ArTa eNDa ArkiTekcara oNpha jaisalamera, pR0 39 /

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246 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma utkIrNa hai / praveza dvAra para tIna toraNa va inase banI kalAmaya chata vibhinna AkRtiyoM se AcchAdita hai / inameM utkIrNa tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyAM, vastutaH sajIva va draSTavya haiN| solaMkI va baghalA zailI ke anurUpa isa mandira meM sabhA maNDapa, garbhagRha, gUr3ha maMDapa, cha caukI va bhamati kI kula 51 devakulikAoM kA saMyojana hai| ina kulikAoM meM sundara mUrtiyAM sthita haiM / sabhA maMDapa kI chata meM vibhinna mudrAoM meM vAdiniyoM ko isa prakAra sajAyA gayA hai ki rAsalIlA nRtya kA AbhAsa hotA hai| nRtya mudrAoM para raMgIna citrakArI se unakI zobhA dviguNita ho gaI hai| sabhA maMDapa ke agrabhAga ke khambhoM va unake bIca kalAtmaka toraNa para vibhinna AkRtiyA~ takSaNa kalA ke anupama namUne prastuta karatI haiM / isa mandira meM kula nau toraNa haiM, ataH ise nau toraNiyA mandira bhI kahA jAtA hai / sabhA maMDapa meM pIle pASANa ke 5443 phITa kI UMcAI vAle 4 paTTa haiM / ina para 1461 I0 ke lekha utkIrNa haiM / ye paTTa zilpakalA kI dRSTi se utkRSTa evaM manohara haiM / mandira kI bAhya dIvAroM para bhI vividha mUrtiyoM kA rUpAMkana hai / mandira ke jAMca kSetra meM kAma mudrAoM meM kizoriyoM kI mUrtiyoM ke sAtha maithuna citroM kA bhI aMkana milatA hai| isa mandira ke UMce vakrarekhIya zikhara ke sAtha aneka laghu zikhara bhI jur3e huye haiN| ina paiDIdAra zikharoM kA nirmANa aise samAnupAta se huA hai ki ina sabakA saMyukta dRzya atyanta cittAkarSaka hai| laghu rUpa zikharoM se mandira ke Upara kA kamara koTA sajjita hai / isa mandira kI chata meM eka mUrti apane eka sira aura usake pA~ca dhar3oM kI nirAlI zobhA liye pradarzita kI gaI hai, kisI bhI dizA se dekhane para darzaka ko yaha apane sammukha hI pratIta hotI hai| isa mandira ke bA~yI ora se dUsare mandira meM praveza karate samaya eka patthara para aneka choTe-choTe mandira va mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiM / yahA~ jI ke AkAra jitane mandira meM eka laghuttama mUrti nirmita hai, jisako dekhane ke liye dUrabIna kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| yaha vastutaH kalA kI anupama kRti hai / yaha mandira zrAvakoM va muniyoM ke liye vizeSa zraddhA kendra rahA hai| 1479 I0 meM pATana ke dhanapati zreSThI ne isa mandira meM zAMtinAtha kI eka pratimA sthApita kii| isI mandira meM hAma va bhImasI ne jinavarendra paTTikA nirmita karavAI / 1606 I0 meM eka stambha kA pratiSThA mahotsava isa mandira meM sampanna huaa| 1615 I0 me kalyANa dAsa ke zAsana kAla meM jinasiMha sUri ne yahA~ jinacandra sUri kI "pAdukA" sthApita karavAI / 1621 I0 meM lodravA se cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha kI mUrti lakSmaNa vihAra nAmaka mandira meM lAI. 1. agravAla, hisTrI oNpha ArTa eNDa ArkiTekcara oNpha jaisalamera, pR0 39-40 / 2. vhii| 3. nAjailesa, 3, kra0 2120 / 4. vahI, kra0 2505 /

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jaina tIrthaM : 247 gaI taba jinasiMha sUri isakA pratiSThA mahotsava sampanna karavAne hetu jaisalamera Aye / ' 1712 I0 meM buddhasiMha ke rAjyakAla meM, tatvasundara gaNi kI preraNA se gaMgArAma ne apane parivAra ke sAtha pratimAoM kI sthApanA karavAI / 2 (kha) sambhavanAtha mandira : isa mandira kA nirmANa jina sUri ke upadeza se copar3A gotrIya hemarAja pUnA Adi ne 1437 I0 meM hI prArambha karavAyA thA / yahA~ ke kuzala kArIgaroM ne bar3I tatparatA tIna varSa arthAt 1440 I0 meM hI nirmANa kArya pUrA kara diyA | jinabhadra sUri ke upadeza se hI 1440 I0 meM mandira kA pratiSThA mahotsava, 300 jina bimboM kI pratiSThA tathA dhvaja zekhara pratiSThA Adi kAryakrama sampanna huye, jisameM tatkAlIna zAsaka risiMha evaM unake sabhAsadoM ne bhI bhAga liyA tathA sahayoga pradAna kiyA thaa| isa mandira meM do zilAlekha 1440 I0 ke haiM / " ina lekhoM meM jaisalamera rAjAoM kI vaMzAvalI, kharatara vidhi pakSa kI paTTAvalI va copar3A vaMzIya zreSThiyoM kI vaMzAvalI dI huI hai / prazasti kI racanA AcArya somaku~vara ne, patthara para lekha- bhAnuprabha gaNI ne, va utkIrNana zivadeva silAvaTa ne sampanna kiyA / isI mandira kI tapa paTTikA para 1448 I0 kA eka zilAlekha hai, jo vairisiMha ke uttarAdhikArI cAcigadeva ke samaya kA tathA pIta prastara para utkIrNa hai / isameM bAMyI tarapha 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke cyavana, janma, dIkSA aura jJAna cAra kalyANaka tithiyA~ tathA dAyIM tarapha tapa ke kakSa nirmita haiM / nIce hI 14 paMktiyoM kA lekha khudA huA hai, jisameM kharataragaccha ke udyotana sUri se jinabhadra sUri taka ke AcAryoM ke nAma va paMkti 2 meM zaMkhavAla gotra ke zreSThI pAtA dvArA "tapa paTTikA" banAne kA ullekha hai / 1469 I0 ke eka anya lekha meM copar3A gotrIya zreSTha dvArA zatruMjaya aura giranAra paTTa sthApita karane kA ullekha hai| jina sukha sUri ke anusAra isa mandira kI bimba saMkhyA 553 aura vRddhiratna ne 604 likhI hai / zilpa evaM sthApatya kI zailI meM, yaha bhI pUrvokta mandira ke samAna hai / isa mandira ke raMgamaNDapa kA gumbada vizeSa darzanIya hai / chata ke madhya meM dilavAr3A ke mandiroM ke 1. nAjailesa, kra0 2498 / 2. vahI 3. vahI, kra0 2139 / 4. vahI, 3, pR0 8 5. vahI, 3, kra0 2139 / 6. vahI, 3, kra0 2144 / 7. vahI, kra0 2140 /

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248 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma samAna jhUlatA huA kamala kA lolaka hai, jisake Asa-pAsa 12 apsarAoM ko AkRtiyA~ haiM / apsarAoM se nIce ke hisse meM gandharva utkIrNa hai| apsarAoM ke madhya bhAga meM padmAsana mudrA meM jina mUrtiyA~ pratiSThita haiM, jinake nIce haMsa nirmita haiM / dakSiNa dizA meM pIta prastara ke citrAMkita toraNa haiM / mandira kA zikhara sAdagIpUrNa hai, kintu maMDovara ke golAkhoM meM padmAsana sthita tIrthaMkaroM ko mUrtiyA~, vastutaH darzanIya haiM / zeSa mandirayojanA pUrvokta zailI kI hai / isa mandira kA sabase bar3A AkarSaNa "jinabhadra suri jJAna bhaNDAra" hai, jise dekhane na kevala jaina yAtrI, apitu videzI bhI Ate rahate haiM / (ba) zItalanAtha mandira : trikUTa durga meM sthita tIsarA mandira tIrthaGkara zItalanAtha kA hai| kisa vyakti vizeSa ne isa mandira kA nirmANa karAyA yaha nizcaya nahIM hai, kyoMki isa mandira meM koI prazasti nahIM hai / jaisalamera caitya paripATI, stavanoM aura paTTikA ke lekha se itanA jJAta hotA hai ki isa mandira kA nirmANa DAgA gotrIya seThoM ne krvaayaa| sevaka lakSmIcanda racita "jaisalamera tavArIkha' ke pRSTha 208 meM diye gaye jaina mandiroM ke hAla ko dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki isa mandira kA nirmANa DAgA lUNasA mUNasA ne 1452 I0 meM krvaayaa| "vRddhi ratna mAlA" ke pRSTha 4 ke anusAra mandira kI pratiSThA 1451 I0 meM huI / jinasukha sUri racita caitya paripATI meM isa mandira kI kula mUrtiyoM ko saMkhyA 314 tathA "vRddhi ratnamAlA" meM 67 mUtiyoM ke hone kA ullekha hai| sthApatya zailI, isakI bhI pUrvokta mandiroM jaisI hI hai| isa mandira meM naukhaMDA pArzvanAtha tathA eka hI patthara para 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / yaha paTTa atyanta manohara va AkarSaka hai / (gha) zAntinAtha aura aSTApada mandira : ye donoM mandira eka hI parisara meM nirmita hai| Upara ke bhAga meM zAntinAtha kA aura nIce aSTApada jI kA mandira hai / nIce vAle mandira meM 17veM tIrthaMkara kunthunAtha kI mUrti nAyaka ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hai| ina donoM mandiroM kI eka hI prazasti hai, jo rAjasthAnI evaM sthAnIya bhASA kA mizrita rUpa hai| ina donoM mandiroM kA nirmANa saMkhavalecA aura copar3A gotrIya khetA aura pA~cA ne krvaayaa| kharatara gaccha ke jina samudra sUri ne 1479 I0 meM isakI pratiSThA karAI / ' saMghavI khetA dhanADhya aura zrI sampanna thaa| isane sakuTumba kaI bAra vividha tIrthoM ko yAtrAeM kI aura saMbhavanAtha mandira kI prasiddha tapa paTTikA kI pratiSThA kraaii| isa mandira ko prazasti kA nirmANa deva tilaka upAdhyAya ne aura utkIrNana zilpI khatA ne kiyaa| jinasukha sUri ne "caitya paripATI stavana" meM zAntinAtha mandira kI mUrti saMkhyA, pradakSiNA meM 240 aura cauka meM 400, 1. jaisalamera kA sUcI patra, pR0 204 /

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jaina tIrtha : 249 kula 640 likhI hai, kintu " vRddhi ratnamAlA" meM yaha saMkhyA 804 milatI hai / isI prakAra aSTApada mandira kI mUrti saMkhyA bhI kramazaH 425 aura 444 hone kA ullekha milatA hai / isa mandira ke dA~yI tarapha pASANa ke do sundara evaM kalApUrNa hAtho bane hue haiM, jina para eka puruSa va dUsarI strI kI dhAtu mUrti AsIna hai / sambhavataH ye mUrtiyA~ mandira pratiSThA karAne vAle svargIya khetA va usako bhAryA sarasvatI kI hai / isI mandira meM dazAvatAroM sahita zrI lakSmInAtha jI kI mUrti bhI sthApita hai / prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki ye mUrtiyA~ mahArAvala devIdAsa ke jyeSTha putra jaitasiMha kI AjJA se sthApita kI gaI thIM / ina mandiroM kI sthApatya zailI bhI pUrvokta prakAra kI hai / inake zikhara bhavya va AkarSaka hai | zAntinAtha mandira ke zikhara ke gumbada kI chata meM vAdya yantroM ke sAtha nRtya karatI huI bAraha apsarAoM kA nRtyAMkana kalAtmaka rUpa se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| nIce ke bhAga meM gaMdharvoM kI pratimAe~ pradarzita haiM / mandira ke bAharI kSetra meM khudI huI bhAvanA - mayI mUrtiyA~ atyaMta AkarSaka haiM / aSTApada mandira ke sabhA maMDapa meM cAroM stambhoM ke madhya toraNa haiN| gur3ha maNDapa meM eka sapheda Arasa kI aura dUsarI zyAma varNa kI prastara mUrtiyA~ kAyotsarga mudrA meM pratiSThita haiM / inake donoM pArzvo meM gyAraha - gyAraha mUrtiyA~ hone se inheM caubIsI kI saMjJA dI gaI hai saMpUrNa saMracanA atIva sundara hai / aSTApada mandira ke antaH bhAga meM hAthI, ghor3e, siMha va kahIM-kahIM bandara kI AkRti bhI utkIrNa hai / mandira ke pAnI ko bAhara nikAlane ke liye nAlI, magaramaccha ke mu~ha ke sadRza dikhAI detI hai / UparI dIvAroM para ziva-pArvatI kI AkRti tathA turahI, Dholaka aura tambUre bajAtI huI yuvatiyA~ tathA nRtya kI vibhinna mudrAe~ utkIrNa haiM / ye sabhI takSaNa kalA ke anupama namUne haiM / strI AkRtiyoM kA abhirAma citraNa itanA prabhAvotpAdaka hai ki kalA kI dRSTi se inako khajurAho, koNArka va delavAr3A meM prApta pratimAoM ke samakakSa rakhA jA sakatA hai| / (Ga) candraprabha svAmI mandira : isa bhavya timaMjile mandira kA nirmANa kisane karavAyA, yaha tathya prazasti ke abhAva meM aspaSTa hai / nijamUrti (mUlanAyaka kI mUrti) ke lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki bhaNazAlI gotrIya bIdA ne 1452 I0 meM isa mandira kI pratiSThA karavAI thI / caitya paripATI stavanoM meM bhI aisA hI ullekha milatA hai / isake sabhA maNDapa ke 8 stambhoM meM 8 sundara kalApUrNa toraNa nirmita haiM / jinAlaya ke gumbada kI banAvaTa cittAkarSaka hai / dUsarI va tIsarI maMjila para candraprabhu kI caumukhI mUrti hai / nIce ke sabhA maNDapa meM cAroM tarapha bArIka va sundara jAliyoM kA utkIrNana hai / isa mandira meM gaNeza ko vibhinna mudrAoM meM pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| jinasukha sUri ne " caitya paripATI" meM mandira kI - mUrtiyoM kI saMkhyA 809 likhI hai, kintu " vRddhi ratnamAlA" meM yaha saMkhyA 1645 varNita

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250 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma hai / prastara evaM sthApatya kalA kI dRSTi se yaha mandira bhI darzanIya hai| isa mandira kA vizeSa AkarSaNa, dUsare tale meM bAMyI tarapha kI koThI meM surakSita kaI sarvadhAtu kI mUrtiyA~, caubIsI aura paMcatIthiyoM kA atyadhika mahattvapUrNa saMgraha hai| ina para utkIrNa abhilekha itihAsa ke zodhana meM bahuta sahAyaka hai / (ca) RSabhadeva mandira : trikUTa durga sthita yaha sAtavA~ mandira prazasti vihIna hai| mandira kI mUrtiyoM para aMkita lekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki isa devasthAna kA nirmANa gaNadhara copar3A gotrIya saccA ke putra dhannA ne mahArAvala devIdAsa ke rAjatva kAla meM 1479 I0 meM karavAyA aura kharataragaccha ke AcAryoM ne 1479 I0 meM hI isa mandira kI pratiSThA karavAI / jinasukha sUri kI "caitya paripATI" meM isa mandira meM mUrtiyoM kI saMkhyA 631 va "vRddhi ratnamAlA" meM yaha saMkhyA 607 hone kA ullekha hai| nirmANa yojanA kI dRSTi se yaha bhI pUrvokta mandiroM kI taraha hai / mandira kI mukhya vizeSatA yaha hai ki yahA~ ke mukhya sabhA maNDapa ke stambhoM para hindU devI-devatAoM kA bhI rUpAMkana hai| kahIM rAdhA va kRSNa, kahIM akele kRSNa vaMzIvAdana karate hue pradarzita hai| gaNeza, ziva, pArvatI, sarasvatI, indra va va viSNu kI pratimAeM bhI utkIrNa haiM / (cha) mahAvIra svAmI mandira : durga sthita antima va AThavA~ mandira pUrvavarNita mandiroM se kucha dUrI para caugAna pAr3e meM nirmita hai| yahA~ ke zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki isa devasthAna kA nirmANa 1416 I0 meM huaa| jina sukha sUri ke anusAra isa mandira kI pratiSThA, osavAla vaMza ke baraDiyA gotrIya dIpA ne krvaaii|' isa mandira kI mUrtiyoM kI saMkhyA jinasukha sUri ke anusAra 232 va "vRddhi ratnamAlA" ke anusAra 295 hai| prastara kalA kI dRSTi se yaha mandira pUrva varNita mandiroM jaisA AkarSaka nahIM hai / (ja) supArzvanAtha mandira : ____ nagara meM sthita jaina dharmazAlA se kucha dUrI para, koThArI pAr3A meM yaha mandira nirmita hai / isa mandira kI pratiSThA tapAgaccha ke AcArya hIravijaya sUri kI zAkhA ke gulAla vijaya ke ziSya dvaya, dIpavijaya aura nagaravijaya ne 1812 I0 meM karavAI / mandira kA prazasti lekhana nagavijaya ne hI kiyA, jo atyaMta pAMDityapUrNa hai| (jha) vimalanAtha mandira : yaha mandira jaina dharmazAlA se thor3I dUra, dAsota pAr3A meM AcArya gaccha ke upAsare meM banA huA hai| mandira pratiSThA kI koI prazasti upalabdha nahIM hai| mUlanAyaka kI mUrti 1. nAjailesa, 3, kra0 2400 /

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jaina tIrtha : 251. para aMkita lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki tapAgacchAcArya vijayasena sUri ke dvArA 1609 I0 meM pratiSThA kArya sampanna huA thaa| (2) raNakapura jaina tIrtha : pazcima relave kI choTI lAina para, AbU roDa va ajamera ke bIca, phAlanA se lagabhaga 22 mIla ko durI para sthita, raNakapura jaina mandira uttarI bhArata kA viziSTa zvetAmbara jaina tIrtha ho nahIM, apitu kalA tIrtha bhI hai| yaha pAlI jile kI desUrI tahasIla meM, sAdar3I se 6 mIla dUra hariyAlI pahAr3o ghATo kI goda meM basA huA hai / isakA prAcIna nAma "rANapura" bhI thA, jo saMbhavataH mahArANA kumbhA ke prati AbhAra vyakta karane ke liye rakhA gayA hogaa| isa mandira ko "rANapura kA caumukhA mandira" bhI kahate haiN| isake anya nAma bhI milate haiN| 1442 I0 meM meha nAmaka kavi ne ise "trailoka dIpaka' saMjJA se vibhUSita kiyaa|' jJAnavimala sUri ne ise "nalinI gulma vimAna" kI sI racanA vAlA batAyA hai / mandira ke nirmAtA dharaNAka seTha ke nAma para ise "dharaNAka vihAra" bhI kahate haiM / lekina sahI nAma sambhavataH mukhya mandira ke praveza mArga ke zilAlekha meM likhita hai, jo "trailokya dIpaka" tathA "zrI caturmukha yugAdIzvara vihAra" hai / yaha mandira gor3avAr3a paTTI ke yA mAravAr3a kI bar3I jaina paMcatIrthI ke mandiroM meM mukhya hai| isa paMcatIrthI meM rANakapura, muchAlA mahAvIra, nADalAI, nADaula evaM varakANA sammilita haiM, jo sAdar3I ke AsapAsa hI haiM / 17vIM zatAbdI ke kavi RSabhadAna ne "hIravijaya sUri rAsa'' meM isa tIrtha kI mahimA kA varNana karate huye likhA hai ki jisane raNakapura tIrtha kI yAtrA nahIM ko, usakA janma lenA bhI nirarthaka hai| samayasundara ne bhI apane "yAtrA stavana" meM isa tIrtha kI prazaMsA kI hai| trailokya dIpaka yA caumukhA mandira ke cAroM ora dvAra haiM / isa mandira meM prathama tIrthaMkara AdinAtha kI pratimA pratiSThita hai| isake alAvA do aura mandira, neminAtha evaM pArzvanAtha ke haiM / eka vaiSNava mandira sUrya nArAyaNa kA bhI hai / sarvAdhika sundara, kalAtmaka va racanA kauzala meM bejor3a, trailokya dIpaka hai, jisameM rAjasthAna kI jaina kalA aura dhArmika paramparA kA apUrva pradarzana huA hai| __mandira ke zilAlekha ke anusAra isakA nirmANa prAgvATa jAti ke (poravAla baMzI) mahArANA kumbha ke prIti pAtra, dharaNAka seTha ne, apane bhAI ratnA evaM pUre parivAra ke sahayoga se krvaayaa| ye sirohI kSetra ke nA~diyA gA~va ke mUla nivAsI the| mandira 1. rAjasthAna hisTrI kA~gresa, soveniyara 1974, pR0 15 / 2. 1439 I0 kA lekha, paMkti 42-43 / 3. rAbhA, kumbhA vizeSAMka, pR0 144 / 4. 1439 I0 kA lekha, paMkti 38, 41 /

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252 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharmaM kA nirmANa kArya 1437 I0 meM prArambha huA va 1439 I0 meM eka maMjila banakara pUrNa huI / AcArya somacandra sUri ke atyanta vRddha ho jAne ke kAraNa isI samaya, arthAt 1439 I0 meM pratiSThA kara dI gaI / vibhinna mUrtiyoM ke abhilekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki inakI pratiSThA alaga-alaga samaya huI / 1449 I0 meM prathama khaMDa kI cAroM mUrtiyoM kI soma sundara sUri dvArA, 1450 I0 meM dvitIya khaMDa kI pazcimAbhimukha pratibhA kI ratnazekhara sUri dvArA, 1451 I0 meM isI khaNDa kI uttarAbhimukha pratimA kI ratnazekhara sUri dvArA va 1452 I0 meM dvitIya khaNDa kI pUrvAbhimukha tathA tRtIya khaNDa kI sabhI pratimAe~ ratnazekharasUri dvArA pratiSThita kI gaI / mandira kA pramukha zilpI, somapurA -brAhmaNa jAti kA depAka thA / depAka ke 50 se bhI adhika zilpI sahAyaka the / 2 mandira kI pratiSThA AcArya somasundara sUri ne karavAI | 3 mandira ke nirmANa ke sambandha meM aneka kiMvadantiyA~ prasiddha haiM aura sabakA sAra yahI hai ki isa mandira kA nakzA daivika zakti se prApta huA thA, lekina isakA koI aitihAsika AdhAra nahIM hai / kahA jAtA hai ki prArambha meM isa mandira ko sAtamaMjilA banAne kI kisI kAraNavaza isake 3 khaNDa hI bana pAye / 3 " jaina sarva tIrthaM - isakA nirmANa vyaya 99 lAkha rupaye thA / " yojanA thI, lekina saMgraha" ke anusAra yaha mandira 48,000 varga phuTa jamIna para nirmita / isake talIya bhAga meM sevAr3I kA patthara tathA dIvAroM meM sonANA kA patthara prayukta huA hai / zikhara ke bhItarI bhAga IMToM se tathA mUrtiyA~ bhI sonANA ke patthara se nirmita haiM / mUlanAyaka AdinAtha kI bhavya pratimAe~, zveta saMgamaramara ( makarAnA) kI banI huI haiN| eka ucca pIThikA para AsIna, AdinAtha kI caturmukhI pratimAe~ pA~ca phuTa U~cI va eka dUsare kI pITha se lagI huI, cAroM dizAoM meM mukha kiye huye haiM / cAroM ora dvAra hone se praveza karate hI mUlanAyaka mUrti ke darzana kiye jA sakate haiM / mandira eka cabUtare para nirmita hai / 25 sIr3hI car3hakara, cabUtare para praveza toraNa dvAra hai / barAmade meM praveza karate ho, maMDapa kI chata meM nagna evaM saMbhoga ke vibhinna AsanoM kA pradarzana karatI huI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / isa kAraNa DA0 gopInAtha zarmA ise " vezyA mandira" kahate haiM, jo satya nahIM hai / mandira meM ghusate hI donoM ora tahakhAne haiM, jahA~ muslima AkramaNoM ke samaya, surakSA ke liye mUrtiyA~ rakhI jAtI hoMgI / pRthvI tala ke 1. 1439 I0 kA lekha, paMkti 46-47 // 2. haravilAsa zAradA - mahArANA kumbhA, pR0 153-54 / 3. 1439 I0 kA lekha, paMkti 44 - 46 / 4. kalA maMdira rANakapura, pR0 21-22 / 5. jaina tIrtha sarva saMgraha, 1, khaNDa 2, pR0 216 /

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jaina tIrthaM : 253 mandira ke pratyeka dvAra ke sAmane sabhA maNDapa hai tathA usake Age pUjA gRha hai / pratyeka sabhA maNDapa ke sAmane choTA mandira hai, jo " khUMTa kA mandira" kahalAtA hai / cAroM khU~Ta ke mandiroM ke sAmane, stambhoM para AdhArita, 4 maNDapoM ke samUha haiM / ina mandiroM ke abhilekhoM se spaSTa hai ki inakA nirmANa kArya - IzAna koNa 1446 I0, vAyavya koNa 1450 I0, naiRtya koNa 1454 I0 evaM agni koNa 1459 I0 meM sampanna huA thA / ' sabase bar3A maNDapa mukhya dvAra ke sAmane hai, jisameM 16 stambhoM para dohare zikhara haiM / isa maNDapa kI chata para nRtya karatI huI strI mUrtiyA~ sundaratA se utkIrNa haiM / koI zrRMgArarata, koI ghuMgharU bA~dhate huye, kucha vINA aura bA~surI bajAtI huI, to koI nRtya mudrA meM haiM / khUMTa ke mandira ke bAhara, uttaraMga para, nAga kanyAoM aura jAlI yukta kamala puSpa ke dRzya haiM / mandira ke cAroM ora 80 choTI va 4 bar3I devakulikAe~, mahAvIra va saMbhava-zaraNa kI uttarI dvAra kI tarapha tathA dakSiNI dvAra kI tarapha do bar3I devakulikAe~ AdIzvara tathA nandIzvara kI saMjJA se abhihita kI jAtI haiN| choTI deva -- kulikAoM kA prAMgaNa, stambha uThAkara chatadAra banAyA huA hai, jabaki bar3I devakulikAe~ gumbada vAlI haiM / pazcimI koNa kI devakulikA meM mahAvIra aura ajitanAtha kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / uttarI pUrvI koNa meM, sabase ullekhanIya mUrti dharaNAzAha kI hai, jisake hAtha meM mAlA aura sira para pAga hai / eka devakulikA meM pArzvanAtha kI dhyAnamagnAvasthA meM " khar3I pratimA " nAgadeha se lipaTI huI hai tathA nAga ke 108 yA 1008 phana usa para chAyA kiye huye haiM / eka anya devakulikA meM zAntinAtha aura neminAtha kI pratimAe~ haiM / mUrtiyA~ bhI bar3I AkarSaka bAhara ke raMgamaNDapa meM bane toraNa atyanta AkarSaka haiM / ye toraNa eka hI patthara ke bane huye haiM tathA sUkSma takSaNa kalA ke utkRSTa namUne haiM / isI raMgamaNDapa ke gumbada ke ghere ke cAroM ora, nRtyarata 16 putalikAeM, vividha bhAva bhaMgimAoM meM aMkita haiM / raMga maMDa se jur3e huye 4 maNDapa aura haiM, jinakI U~cAI lagabhaga 40 phITa hai / isake stambha evaM gumbada bar3e hI nayanAbhirAma haiM / mandira ke cAroM bhAgoM meM prakAza ke liye 4 bar3e khule cauka haiM / mUla nAyaka kI deva - kulikA ke jaMghA bhAga meM banI haiM / inameM strI mUrtiyA~ nRtya mudrA meM tathA nartakiyA~ talavAra va jo usa yuga kI bhAvanA ke anukUla hai / strI pratimAoM ke sAtha haiM / mandira ke uttarI dvAra kI ora eka sahasrakUTa stambha hai, bhI kahate haiM / yaha mahArANA kumbhA dvArA nirmita batAyA jAtA hai, kintu isa para aMkita lekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki ise bhinna-bhinna vyaktiyoM ne banavAyA thA / isake madhya bhAga meM kaI pratimAe~ banI huI haiM / DhAla liye pradarzita haiM, deva pratimAe~ bhI nirmita jise "rANaka stambha" 1. tArAmaMgala, kumbhA, pR0 172 / 2. vahI /

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254 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma mandira ke dUsare khaNDa meM jAne ke lie sIr3hiyAM haiM / isa khaNDa ke madhya bhAga meM cAra tIrthaMkaroM kI caumukhI pratimAe~ haiM / isa devakulikA ke bhI 4 dvAra haiM tathA cAroM dizAoM se tIrthakara ke darzana kiye jA sakate haiN| isake Upara eka aura khaNDa hai, jisa para jAne ke liye eka zilAkhaNDa kI sIr3hI hai / isa khaNDa meM bhI, eka hI poThikA para AsIna tIrthaMkaroM kI caumukhI pratimAe~ haiM / isa devakulikA ke bhI 4 dvAra haiM tathA Upara IMToM se bane U~ce zikhara haiN| isa mandira meM kula 24 maNDapa, 84 zikhara aura 1444 stambha haiM / stambhoM kA saMyojana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai ki mandira meM kahIM bhI khar3e hone para sAmane kI dizA kI devakulikA kI pratimA tathA usa dizA ke stambha eka paMkti meM dikhAI dete haiM / pratyeka stambha kA alaMkaraNa dUsare stambha se sAmya nahIM rakhatA tathA sabhI stambhoM para vividha alaMkaraNoM kI sUkSma kurAI hai / kaI stambhoM para tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana kI prasiddha ghaTanAe~ utkIrNa haiM / pazcimI dvAra kI chata para RSabhadeva kI mAtA marudevI kI gajArUr3ha pratimA hai| mandira meM kula 13 zilAlekha lage haye haiM, jinase vibhinna devakulikAoM, sabhA maMDapoM Adi ke nirmANa va jIrNoddhAra kA patA calatA hai| sabase mahattvapUrNa zilAlekha 1439 I0 kA hai, jisameM bappA se lekara rANA kumbhakarNa taka, mevAr3a ke rANAoM kI vaMzAvalI hai jo truTipUrNa hai / lekha saMskRta gadya meM 47 paMktiyoM meM nibaddha hai / ___mandira meM utkIrNa mUrtiyoM ke adhyayana se tatkAlIna vezabhUSA, rahana-sahana, samakAlIna vAdya yantra evaM anya vividha viSayaka jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| prasiddha vAstu zAstrI phargyusana ne isakI prazaMsA karate huye likhA hai, "maiM anya aisA koI bhavana nahIM jAnatA jo itanA rocaka va prabhAvazAlI ho, yA jo stambhoM kI vyavasthA meM itanI sundaratA vyakta karatA ho"|' isa mandira kI kalAtmakatA ke sambandha meM eka lokokti bhI prasiddha hai-"delavAr3A rI kotaraNI ne rANakapura rI maaNddnii|" arthAt utkIrNa sauMdarya ke liye dilavAr3A mandira aura racanA zilpa ke liye rANakapura kA mandira anupama hai|" caumukhA mandira ke nikaTa hI neminAtha kA mandira hai, jisakA praveza dvAra uttara kI ora hai, mandira kI dIvAroM para nagna evaM sambhogarata yugaloM kI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / sAtha hI vAtsAyana ke kAmasUtra meM ullikhita vibhinna AliMgana mudrAe~ yathA latA, vaiSTika Adi bhI pradarzita haiN| isaliye isa mandira ko "pAturiyAM ro deharo" (vezyAoM kA mandira) kahate haiM / vAstava meM kAma mUrtiyoM ke aMkana kA uddezya, kAmavAsanA jAgrata 1. hisTrI oNpha iMDiyana eNDa IsTarna ArkiTekcara, 1, pR0 240-242 / / 2. tArAmaMgala, kuMbhA, pR0 172 / 3. jI0 ena0 zarmA ne caumukhA mandira ke praveza bhAga ko vezyA maMdira kahA hai /

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jaina tIrthaM : 255 karanA nahIM, apitu inakI nirarthakatA batAkara vairAgya bhAvanA kA udaya karanA hai / isa mandira ke bAhya bhAga meM eka tahakhAnA tathA devakulikA meM neminAtha kI zyAmala bhavya mUrti hai / bhItara se mandira ekadama sAdagIpUrNa, kintu bAhara se atyadhika alaMkRta haiM / mandira kI dIvAreM 15vIM zatAbdI kI pratIta hotI haiM, lekina zikhara bAda meM nirmita pratIta hotA hai / isa mandira ke nikaTa hI pArzvanAtha mandira hai, jisakA mukhya dvAra pUrvAbhimukha hai| pArzvanAtha mandira ke nikaTa mahArANA kumbhA dvArA nirmita sUrya mandira hai, jisa para vividha devI-devatAoM ko utkRSTa zilpAMkita pratimAe~ haiM / ' ( 3 ) RSabhadeva ( kesariyA jI ) tIrthaM : RSabhadeva tIrtha, udayapura jile meM, udayapura se 64 kilomITara dUra kheravAr3A tahasIla meM, koyala nAmaka choTI-sI nadI ke kinAre avasthita, dhuleva nAmaka grAma meM hai, jisakI janasaMkhyA lagabhaga 5,000 hai / mUlanAyaka ke nAma para gA~va kA nAma bhI RSabhadeva tathA kesara car3hAne kI prathA ke kAraNa kesariyA jI pracalita hai / mUlanAyaka pratimA prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI hai / pratimA zyAma varNa kI hone se bhIla loga ise "" kAlAjI " aura " kAriyA bAbA" kahate haiM / kucha loga " dhulenAtha jI " yA kesariyA lAla bhI kahate haiM / pratimA pASANa nirmita, padmAsana mudrA meM evaM sAr3he tIna phITa avagAhanA vAlI hai / yaha samacatusra-saMsthAna yukta aura atyanta cittAkarSaka hai / mUlanAyaka ke Upara vizAla aura bhavya zikhara haiM / isake atirikta cAroM dizAoM meM 4 zikhara haiM, jo kAphI vizAla aura uttuMga haiM / choTe-moTe 49 zikhara aura haiM / mandira kI bAhya bhittiyoM para aneka khaDgAsana jina pratimAe~ haiM / isa mandira meM kula 72 pASANa kI mUrtiyA~ haiM, jinameM 9-10 zveta varNa kI aura zeSa zyAma varNa kI haiM / isa tIrtha ke adhikAra ke sambandha meM digambara evaM zvetAmbara sampradAyoM meM ugra matabheda haiM / yahA~ taka ki inake matAvalambI zraddhA bhAvanA evaM ahiMsA ke mArga se haTakara isa vivAda para hiMsaka bhI ho uThe haiM / pratimA ke nAnAvidha camatkAroM kI kiMvadantiyA~ janatA meM bahuta pracalita haiM / isake camatkAroM se AkarSita hokara jaina, ajaina sabhI yahA~ manautI manAne Ate haiM aura mukhyataH mUla nAyaka ko kezara car3hAte haiM / sarvasAdhAraNa meM bhI kesariyA bhagavAn ke prati agAdha AsthA evaM zraddhA hai / sambhavataH yaha zraddhA anubhava se upajI hai, jo pratimA ke camatkAroM kA janatA para atyadhika prabhAva pradarzita karatI hai / camatkAroM ke sambandha meM kaI anuzrutiyA~ pracalita haiM / 1806 I0 meM holkara kA senApati sadAziva rAva lUTa macAtA huA yahA~ AyA, to madAndha hokara usane mUlanAyaka ko apamAnita karane kA prayAsa kiyA, kintu camatkArika rUpa se use bhAganA par3A / eka lokokti kI paMkti isa prakAra 1. zopa, 7 aMka 2-3, pR0 7-8 / 2. bhAdi jaitI, 4, pR0 106-126 /

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256 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma hai-'topakhAnA to par3A rahA ne, rAva sadAziva bhAga gyaa|" kahA jAtA hai ki pratimA yahA~ se 20 kosa dUra jaMgala meM eka mandira meM thii| alAuddIna khilajI dvArA ise tor3ane kA prayAsa karane para usakI phauja andhI ho gaI / eka anya kiMvadantI ke anusAra mahamUda gajanavI ke mUrtibhaMjana kAla meM yaha mUrti antAna ho gaI thii| mUlanAyaka kI pratimA kA nirmANa kAla aura itihAsa atyanta vivAdAspada hai| "impIriyala gajeTiyara oNfa iNDiyA' ke anusAra yaha pratimA 13vIM zatAbdI ke anta meM gujarAta se yahA~ lAI gaI thii| eka anya mAnyatA ke anusAra gujarAta se ujjaina va ujjaina se yahA~ lAI gaI / mUrti kA nirmANa kAla bhI vivAdAspada hai| zvetAmbara evaM digambara sampradAyoM dvArA na kevala pratimA nirmANa kAla, apitu mandira nirmANa kAla ke bAre meM bhI paraspara virodhI taka prastuta kiye jAte haiM / vastutaH mandira kI saMracanA eka hI kAla meM nahIM huI, balki bhinna-bhinna bhAgoM kA nirmANa bhinna-bhinna kAloM meM huA, jo mandira meM upalabdha zilAlekhoM meM varNita hai| ___mandira ke cAroM ora bAvana jinAlaya, cAroM dizAoM meM nirmita haiM / pratyeka dizA meM eka jinAlaya baddha hai aura usake Age maNDapa hai / pratyeka jinAlaya meM RSabhadeva kI padmAsana pratimA hai| pazcima meM zyAma pASANa kA sahasrakUTa-caityAlaya banA huA hai / pUrva kI ora, nija mandira ke samakSa, ThIka madhya meM eka pASANa gaja va usake Upara gumbada banA huA hai / hAthI ke donoM ora pASANa caraNa va unake nIce camaravAhaka indra khar3e haiM / nija mandira ke samakSa, pUrvI praveza mArga ke Upara bharata-bAhubali saMgharSa, bAhubali sanyAsa Adi prakaraNoM kA utkIrNana hai / mUlanAyaka kI pratimA eka phITa U~ce dhAtu ke Asana para hai| caraNa caukI ke madhya do bailoM ke bIca meM yakSI cakrezvarI, hAthI, siMha, deva Adi bhI bane hue haiM / caraNa caukI para solaha svapna aMkita haiM, dhAtu siMhAsana ke donoM pAzvoM ke Upara 23 jina pratimAeM haiM, ataH yaha caubIso bana gaI hai| mUlanAyaka ke sira ke Upara tIna chatra va pRSTha bhAga meM prabhA-maNDala hai / mandira ke cAroM ora pakkA parakoTA hai| vizAla praveza dvAra ke Upara nakkAra-khAnA va antaH bhAga meM bAhya parikramA cauka tathA donoM ora kRSNa pASANa kA eka-eka hAthI nirmita hai / Upara kI chata meM 81 koSThaka kA eka yantra hai, jise kisI bhI ora se jor3ane para yoga 369 AtA hai| agale dvAra se, dasa sIr3hI car3hane para 9 stambhoM vAlA maNDapa hai, jise naucaukI kahate haiM / yahA~ se tIsare dvAra meM praviSTa hone para khelA maNDapa va usake ThIka sAmane nija mandira haiM, jisameM kesariyA jI kI vizva-vizruta pratimA hai / 1. bhAdi jaitI, 4, pR0 106-126 / 2. vahI / 3. vhii|

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jaina tIrtha : 157 (4) nAkor3A pAzvanAtha tIrtha (nagara): yaha zvetAmbara jaina tIrtha pUrva madhyakAlIna bastI "nagara" jo mAravAr3a riyAsata ke mAlANI jile ke jasola gA~va se 5 ki0 mI0 dakSiNa-pUrva meM sthita hai| nagara kA prAcIna nAma "mahevA" aura "vIramapura" milatA hai / pArzvanAtha kI pratimA yahA~ sthApita hone ke bAda se hI yaha "nAkor3A pArzvanAtha tIrtha" kahalAne lagA aura nagara nAma lupta sA ho gayA / nAkor3A sthala kA prAcIna itihAsa anuzrutiyoM para AdhArita hai, jisake anusAra isakA udaya IsA se 54 varSa pUrva evaM vIrama danta tathA nAkorasena bhrAtAoM dvArA kramazaH vIramapura evaM nAkora nagaroM kI sthApanA karane para huA thaa| AcArya sthUlibhadra ne vIramapura meM candraprabhu ko evaM nAkora meM suvidhinAtha kI jina pratimAeM pratiSThita karavAI tathA vIra nirvANa saMvat 281 meM samprati, vIra nirvANa saMvat 505 meM ujjaina ke vikramAditya, vIra nirvANa saMvat 532 arthAt 5 I0 meM mAnatuMgasUri ne ina mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra karavAyA / 5 358 I0 meM AcArya deva sUri ne vIramapura va 364 I0 meM nAkora meM jIrNoddhAra karavA kara pratiSThA sampanna krvaaii| isake bAda 852 I0 meM, vIramapura nivAsI tAter3a gotrIya seTha harakacandra ne jIrNoddhAra karavAkara mahAvIra svAmI kI pratiSThA kraaii| isake bAda mugala AkramaNa ke bhaya se mUrtiyoM ko surakSita sthAna para le jAyA gayA aura 1176 I0 meM vIramapura sakala saMgha ne punaH pratiSThA krvaaii| 1223 I0 meM AlamazAha ne donoM nagaroM kA bhayaMkara vidhvaMsa kiyA, taba surakSArtha pratimAoM ko do mIla dUra kAlIdaha-nAgadaha pahAr3I meM le jAkara chupAyA gayA / ' kAlakrama ke sAtha sthAna ke nAma bhI vIramapura, mahevA, mahevAna nagara, mevA nagara evaM nAkor3A pArzvanAtha ke rUpa meM badalate rhe| 15vIM zatAbdI meM yaha punaH AbAda huA taba yahA~ lagabhaga 2700 jaina parivAra the, kintu Aja kevala mandira evaM parisara kSetra meM hI kucha AbAdI hai, jinameM jaina nagaNya haiM / isakA kAraNa saMbhavataH yaha rahA ki 17vIM zatAbdI meM zreSThI nAnaka sakhalecA kI lambI coTI se sthAnIya zAsaka ke putra ne apane ghor3e kA cAbuka banAne kI tthaanii| apamAnita anubhava karake 1. esiTArA, pR0 431 / 2. vahI / 3. vahI, pR0 432 / 4. vInismA, 1975, pR0 2-21 / 5. vhii| 6. vahI / 7. vhii| 8. vhii|

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258 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma zreSThI parivAra ne isa sthAna ko tyAga diyA / dhIre-dhIre sArA jena samAja yahA~ se sthAnAntarita ho gayA va tIrtha kI vyavasthA ko bahuta AghAta pahu~cA / aba jaina sAdhu evaM sAdhviyoM ke prayAsoM se yaha tIrthaM punaH utkarSa para hai / " saikar3oM khaMDahara apane prAcIna vaibhava, zilpa evaM nirmANa kI kahAnI batA rahe haiM / " nAkor3A jaina tIrtha kI paridhi meM 3 vizAla zikharadhArI jaina mandira, kaI choTe deva gumbaja evaM do vaiSNava mandira vidyamAna haiM / sabase prAcIna pArzvanAtha jina mandira hai, jisameM vinAza va jIrNoddhAra kA satat krama calatA rahA / mahAvIra pratimA ke sthAna para isameM 1372 I0 meM pArzvanAtha pratimA sthApita kI gaI / janazruti ke anusAra, jinadatta nAmaka zrAvaka ne nAkora ke pAsa se svapna ke AdhAra para 13" zyAmavarNI pArzvanAtha pratimA jamIna se khoda kara prApta kI / mandira tIrthoddhAraka, AcArya kIrtiratna sUri kI pIle pASANa kI pratimA, 1479 I0 ke abhilekha sahita mandira meM pratiSThita hai / pArzvanAtha mandira kA zikhara vizAla evaM bhavya hai / mandira meM gUr3ha maMDapa, sabhAmaNDapa, navacaukI, zRMgAra caukI, jharokheM Adi haiM, jo sabhI sAdhAraNa haiM / inheM aba saMgamaramara kI bArIkiyoM kA bAnA pahanAyA jA rahA hai / mUlanAyaka pratimA ke AsapAsa usI AkAra kI do zveta saMgamaramara pArzvanAtha pratimAe~ | tIrthaM adhiSThAyaka deva, bhairava kI pratimA sundara evaM kalAtmaka hai, jisake camatkAroM se bhI tIrtha kI khyAti nirantara bar3ha rahI hai / pAsa meM hI jaina paMcatIrthI, pratimAoM kI zAla evaM do bhUmigRha bhI haiM / mandira meM nirmANa sambandhI 1581 I0, 1610 I0,51621 I0, 1625 I0 evaM 1807 I0 tathA 1808 I0 ke prAcIna zilAlekha haiM / pArzvanAtha mandira ke pIche AdinAtha kA mandira hai, jo zilpAkRtiyoM kA khajAnA hai / isa mandira kA nirmANa vIramapura nivAsI mAlAzAha kI bahana lAchI bAI ne karavAkara 1455 I0 meM pratiSThA karavAI / pahale mUla nAyaka pratimA vimalanAtha kI thI, kintu aba saMprati kAlIna AdinAtha pratimA hai / mandira ke zikhara evaM maNDapa zilpakalA kI dRSTi se utkRSTa haiM / yahA~ bhArata-pAka vibhAjana ke samaya siMdha pradeza ke hAlAnagara se lAI gaI pratimAe~ bhI bhUmigRha meM haiM / isa mandira meM 1455 I0, 1505 I0, 1575 I0 evaM 1590 I0 ke zilAlekha haiM / tIsarA 1. vInismA, 1975, pR0 2-23 / 2. vahI, pR0 2 - 21 / 3. vahI, pR0 2 23 / 4. vahI / 5. prorikSAsavesa, 1912, pR055 / 6. vonismA, 1975, pR0 2 - 22 / 7. vahI /

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jaina tIrtha : 251 zAMtinAtha mandira hai, jo mAlAzAha saMkhalecA ne 1461 I0 meM apanI mAtA kI icchA se banavAyA thaa| isameM dilavAr3A ke mandiroM ke samAna utkRSTa zilpa sauMdarya hai / ' ___isa tIrtha para jaina santa hamezA Ate rhe| 14vIM zatAbdI ke vinayaprabha upAdhyAya ne apane "tIrtha yAtrA stavana' meM isa tIrtha kA ullekha kiyA hai / 1423 I0 meM jinabhadra sUri yahA~ Aye aura kIrti ratna suri ko upAdhyAya kI padavI pradAna kii| kIrtiratna sUri kA janma va mRtyu sthala yahIM rahA-(1392 I0-1468 ii0)| inake ziSya kalyANavijaya racita "kItiratna sUri vivAhalA" aura "kIrtiratna sari caupAI"isa nagara ke mandiroM, janatA evaM 15vIM zatAbdI kI anya dhArmika gatividhiyoM kI mahattvapUrNa jAnakArI pradAna karatI haiN| 1478 I0 meM "kalpasUtra" kI eka svarNAkSarI prati, kisI jaina muni ko bheMTa karane ke liye yahIM para likhI gaI thii| mahimAsamudra nAmaka kavi ne apane "mahevAnagara stavana" meM isa mandira kA jIrNoddhAra 1507 I0 meM batAyA hai / zAMti kuzala ne 1612 I0 meM likhI "gaur3I pArzvanAtha tIrthamAlA" meM isa tIrtha kA ullekha kiyA hai|4 samaya sundara bhI isa tIthaM se prabhAvita hue the|5 16vIM zatAbdI meM isa sthAna para pallIvAla gaccha bahuta lokapriya thaa| (5) rAvaNa pAzrvanAtha tIrtha, alavara : alavara, jilA mukhyAlaya evaM rAjasthAna kA mahattvapUrNa nagara hai| isakI sthApanA sambhavataH 1049 I0 meM huI thii| yahAM jaina dharma kAphI lokapriya thA / pUrvavartI pramANoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa, 15vIM zatAbdI se pUrva sthAna para jaina dharma kI lokapriyatA kA sahI Akalana nahIM ho sakatA, kintu 15vIM zatAbdI se isa sthAna meM jaina dharma ke samRddha hone ke spaSTa pramANa haiN| tIrthamAlAoM meM alavara, "rAvaNa pArzvanAtha tIrtha' ke rUpa meM varNita hai / yahA~ vipula jaina sAhitya bhI sRjita huaa| yadyapi yaha kAlpanika hI pratIta hotA hai ki rAvaNa ne kabhI yahA~ pArzvanAtha kI pUjA kI hogI, kintu isa tathya se isa sthAna kA jaina dharma kA kendra hone kA saMketa milatA hai| 1531 I0 meM alavara nivAsI upakeza jAti ke eka zrAvaka ne siddharSi ke dvArA sumatinAtha kI eka pratimA sthApita karavAI thii| 1589 I0 kA eka abhilekha, jo eka prastara paTTikA para utkIrNa hai, meM 1. viinismaa| 2. jaisapra, 17, pR0 15 / 3. vahI, 20, pR0 73 / 4. vahI, 5, pR. 366-368 / 5. jaina tIrtha savaM saMgraha, pR0 184 / 6. esiTArA, pR0 379 / 7. nAjalesa, 2, saM0 1464 /

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260 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma alavara meM rAvaNa pArzvanAtha kA mandira banavAne kA ullekha milatA hai| isakI mUrti kA pratiSThA mahotsava, yoginIpura ke mUla vivAsI va bAda meM AgarA meM basa gaye, hIrAnaMda ke dvArA Ayojita karavAyA gayA thaa|' kucha sAhityika racanAeM 2, jaise-sAdhu kIrti dvArA 1567 I0 meM "mauna ekAdazI stavana", 1642 I0 meM zivacandra dvArA "vidagdha mukha maMDana vRtti", 1625 I0 meM lAlacandra dvArA 'devakumAra caupaI" aura 1821 I0 meM vinayacandra dvArA "mahipAla caupaI" alavara meM hI racI gaI thiiN| jaina santoM kI preraNA se kaI hastalikhita granthoM kI pratilipiyAM bhI taiyAra kI gii| ( 6 ) jAvara tIrtha : jAvara kI prasiddhi jaste va cA~dI kI khAnoM ke atirikta, jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM bhI rahI hai / mahArANA lAkhA ke kAla meM yaha nagara jaina dharma kA mahattvapUrNa kendra thA / 1421 I0 ke eka abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki yahA~ para prAgvATa jAti ke nAnA ne zAMtinAtha kA eka mandira nirmita karavAyA thaa| isa mandira kA pratiSThA samAroha tapAgacchAcArya somasundara sUri ke dvArA saMpanna karavAyA gayA thaa| abhilekha meM pratiSThA mahotsava ke bhavya rUpa se saMpanna hone evaM aneka AcAryoM ke bhAga lene kA ullekha hai| abhilekha meM prAgvATa nAnA aura usake putra ratnA dvArA cittaur3a, zatrujaya, giranAra, AbU, jIrAvalA Adi kI tIrtha yAtrAoM kA bhI varNana hai / 1433 I0 meM isa mandira meM eka devakulikA nirmita karavAI gaI, jisakA vAstukAra sahadeva aura nirmAtA zreSThI kAnhA thaa| isI varSa ke eka anya abhilekha meM kharatara gaccha ke jinasAgara sUri kA ullekha hai| 1436 I. ke eka choTe abhilekha meM kSamAmUrti, vivekahaMsa, udayazIla gaNi, meru kuMjara Adi jainAcAryoM ke yahAM Ane kA ullekha hai| isI prakAra padmazekhara sUri aura dharmaghoSa gaccha ke harikalaza tathA anya vikhyAta jainAcArya 1438 I0 meM isa tIrtha para Aye the|" 1440 I0 meM ratnacandra sUri apane ziSyoM ke sAtha isa tIrtha ke mUlanAyaka kI pUjAarcanA hetu Aye the / isa prakAra madhyakAla meM paramparAgata tIrtha yAtrAoM ke eka mahattva 1. erirAmyua, 1920, kra0 15, pR0 4 / 2. arAvalI, 1, kra0 92 / / 3. nAjailesa, 2, kra0 1464 / 4, vIravinoda, bhAga 1, pariziSTa / 5. prAjailesa, 1 / 6. ie, e0 ri0, 1956-57, pR0 517 / 7. vahI, pR0 522 /

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jaina tIrtha : 261 pUrNa tIrtha ke rUpa meM jAvara pratiSThita ho gayA thaa|' 1451 I0 meM delavAr3A ke pratiSThA mahotsava se eka pratimA jAvara bhI bhejI gaI thii| kharatara gaccha ke jinacandra sUri ke upadezoM se zreSThI kAnhA ne yahAM para eka "vIra vihAra" kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa| 1497 I0 ke lekha ke anusAra yaha tIrtha mahArANA kumbhA kI putrI ramA bAI kI jAgIra meM thaa| yahA~ para mahArANA rAyamala, sAMgA va banavIra ke kAla ke 1497 I0, 1525 I0 va 1540 I0 ke abhilekha upalabdha haiN| zAntinAtha mandira kA jIrNoddhAra 1637 I0 meM paMcolI vIrasena, caudharI mohana tathA kucha anya vyaktiyoM ne milakara karavAyA thaa| (7) devakula pATaka tIrtha ( delavAr3A-mevAr3a ): mevAr3a kI paMcatIrthI kA yaha tIrtha udayapura se 18 mIla dUra hai / madhyakAla meM yaha mahattvapUrNa jaina tIrtha thaa| vartamAna meM yahA~ mahattvapUrNa, cAra jaina mandira haiM / pahalA mandira kasbe ke bAhara viziSTa saMracanAtmaka vizeSatAe~ liye huye hai, zeSa mandira sAmAnya haiN| isa kasbe meM 1403 I0 se 1453 I0 taka ke kaI abhilekha prApta hote haiN| saMbhavataH yahAM mahArANA khetA se rANA sAMgA taka ke zAsana kAloM ke madhya kaI jaina zreSThI rahate the| megha, vizAla, kelhA, niMbA, bhIma, kaTuka Adi zreSThiyoM ke jaina saMgha ne yahA~ eka RSabhadeva mandira banavAyA thaa|5 kelhA ke putra sUri ne 1432 I0 meM kuMthunAtha kI pratimA kI pratiSThA karavAI thI, jo vartamAna meM udayapura ke zAntinAtha mandira meM surakSita hai / yahA~ ke rAmadeva navalakhA va unakA putra sahanapAla mevAr3a ke mantrI rahe the| 1412 I0 meM jinarAja sUri aura merunandana upAdhyAya kI pratimAe~ rAmadeva kI patnI melAdevI ke dvArA yahA~ sthApita karavAI gaI thiiN| 1429 I0 meM usane ho jinavardhana sari ko pratimA kI pratiSThA bhI krvaaii| sahanapAla ne 1434 I0 aura 1437 I0 meM kaI pratimAoM kI sthApanA karavAI thii|' 1434 I0 meM usane eka zatruJjaya paTTa bhI sthApita karavAyA thaa|9 1434 I0 ke abhilekha meM mandiroM kI 1. jairA, pR0 131 / / 2. prAjalesa, kra0 372 / 3. ie, e0 ri0 1956-57, pR0 524 / 4. erirAmyua, 1925, kra0 12 / 5. vijaya dharmasUri, devakulapATaka, bhAvanagara 1935 / 6. jailesa, bhAvanagara, 1, kra0 148 / 7. somANI-mahArANA kumbhA, pR0 333 / 8. vijaya dharma-devakulapATaka, kra0 9 / 9. vahI, kra0 13 /

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262 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma vyavasthA ke nimitta mahattvapUrNa tathya haiN| isake anusAra isa mandira ke "dharma cintAmaNi" kI pUjA ke liye 14 TakA anudAna karane kA ullekha hai / (8) bhIlar3iyA tIrtha : ___ zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha meM isa tIrtha kA ullekha hai| yahA~ ke jaina mandira se 1277 I0 se 1835 I0 taka ke 11 abhilekha prApta hote haiM, jinake AdhAra para ise madhyakAlIna tIrtha mAnA jA sakatA hai / 1287 I0 kA lekha ambikA kI pratimA para tathA isI varSa kA eka anya lekha adhiSThAyaka mUrti para hai| gRha mandira meM mUlanAyaka neminAtha kI pratimA ke atirikta, 1835 I0 kI AdinAtha aura candraprabhu kI pratimAeM bhI haiN| 1310 I0 kA lekha AdinAtha kI dhAtu paMcatIrthI para, 1478 I0 kA lekha zAntinAtha bimba para, 1277 I0 kA gautama svAmI kI pratimA para, 1450 I0 kA sumatinAtha paMcatIrthI para tathA 1780 I0 kA lekha pAdukAoM para aMkita hai| (sa) uttara madhyakAla: (1) zrI mahAvIra jI : __zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mahAvIra jI, savAI mAdhopura jile meM pazcimI relave kI dillI-bambaI mukhya lAina para gaMgApura siTI ke pAsa, isI nAma kA relave sTezana hai, jahAM se 6 ki0 mI0 dUra, isI nAma kI bastI meM mahAvIra mandira avasthita hai / mukhya mandira ke atirikta, yahA~ anya kaI jaina mandira va dharmazAlAe~ haiM / atizaya yukta mUrti kA itihAsa kiMvadaMtipUrNa hai| cA~danapura (nikaTastha grAma ) ke gvAle kI gAya nikaTavartI eka TIle para ruka kara stanoM se svataH dUdha girA detI thii| gvAle ne utsukatA vaza TIle ko khodA to usameM se mUrti nikalI, jisake darzanArtha AsapAsa ke bahuta se loga Aye / basavA gA~va ( jayapura ) ke digambara khaNDelavAla, bilAlA gotrIya amaracanda ne, mUrti ko atizayatA se sammohita hokara mandira kA nirmANa karavAyA / dhIre-dhIre logoM kI manokAmanAeM pUrNa hone lagI aura cA~danapura vAle mahAvIra jI kA yaza-saurabha aura phailane lagA evaM loka zraddhA ne ise atizaya sampanna tIrtha kI mAnyatA de dii| mahAvIra jI kSetra kI bhaugolika sthiti bayAnA va tAhanagar3ha ke madhya hone ke kAraNa isa kSetra se muslima senAoM kA AvAgamana banA rahatA thaa| saMbhavataH kisI kAla khaNDa 1. nAjailesa, 2, kra0 2006 / 2. zrI jaipralesa, pR0 19 / 3. vahI, kra0 334-344 / 4. vahI, kra0 306-309 /

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bena tIrtha : 263 meM mUrti, surakSA hetu miTTI meM dabA dI gaI thI, yA vidhvaMsa ke pariNAma svarUpa avazeSa rUpa meM dabI par3I rhii| atizaya kSetra ke prAdurbhAva kA nizcita samaya jJAta nahIM hai| rAjakIya rekaoNrDa ke banusAra 1714 I0 meM bhI yaha mandira vidyamAna thaa|' 1782 I0 meM jayapura ke tatkAlIna narezoM ne eka gA~va zrI jI ko bheMTa meM diyA thaa| yaha sthAna Amera gaddI ke mUlasaMgha AmnAya ke digambara jaina bhaTTArakoM kA kendra rahA, jinakA tatkAlIna bAdazAhoM va rAjAoM para bhI acchA prabhAva thaa| ___ atizaya kSetra eka vizAla kaTale meM sthita hai| uttara-mukhI siMhadvAra para eka nagAr3akhAnA hai| parisara kI dIvAra ke sAtha andara kI tarapha eka dumaMjilI dharmazAlA evaM madhya ke vizAla prAMgaNa meM mukhya mandira hai| mandira ke mukhya dvAra ke samakSa mAna-stambha va tIna chatriyAM haiN| sIr3hiyoM se Upara car3hakara, saMgamaramara kI khulI chata tathA ThIka sAmane mandira kA dvAra va cauka hai / mahAmaNDapa meM praveza karane ke liye 7 dvAra haiM, inameM se pAMca ke Upara khaDgAsana pratimAeM haiN| sAmane hI tIna dara kI vedI para katthaI varNa kI mahAvIra mUrti ( mUla mUrti kI anukRti ) tathA isake agala-bagala bhUre raMga kI tIrthaMkara pratimAeM haiN| yahA~ se do sIr3hI car3hakara garbhagRha hai, jisake bAgha toraNa para 6 iMca ko padmAsana pratimA hai| dvAra ke donoM pAvoM meM daNDadhara va unake Upara khaDgAsana pratimAe~ nirmita haiM / garbhagRha meM tIna dara kI vedI para pASANa evaM dhAtu kI aneka pratimAeM haiN| Age tIna dara kI mukhya vedI para bhUgarbha se nikalI huI mahAvIra kI muMgAvarNa kI atizaya sampanna pratimA AsIna hai / isa mUrti kI zilpa-yojanA aura racanA zailI guptottara kAla kI pratIta hotI hai / 3 mati Thosa grenAiTa kI na hokara ravedAra balue pASANa kI hai, isaliye kAphI ghisa bhI cukI hai / mUrti para koI lekha nahIM hai| vedI ke AsapAsa anya vediyoM para zAntinAtha, kuMthunAtha tathA anya kaI choTI-bar3I dhAtu va pASANa pratimAe~ haiN| mandira meM caMvara dhArI yakSI, padmAvatI, kSetrapAla Adi kI bhI pratimAe~ haiM / bhakta janatA meM kSetrapAla kI bahuta mAnyatA hai / pradakSiNA meM dIvAra para saMgamaramara para atyanta kalAtmaka 16 paurANika dRzyoM kA aMkana hai| mandira ke Upara tIna vizAla zikhara haiM, jo mandira kI atizayatA va zrI vRddhi karate pratIta hote haiN| kaTale ke pIche TIle para aba pagalyA sthApita haiM tathA mahAvIra svAmI kI 2500vIM nirvANa jayantI para nirmita 33 phITa UMcA kIrti stambha hai| rAjasthAna meM jainadharma kI bhUmikA ko ujAgara karane va jaina itihAsa meM timirAvRtta 1. bhAdijaitI, 4, pR0 23 / 2. vhii| 3. vahI, pR0 24 /

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264 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma pRSThoM ko prakAzita karane ke sandarbha meM, isa kSetra kI samiti kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| sarasvatI bhavana va zodha saMsthAna ke mAdhyama se aprakAzita jaina granthoM ke zodha va prakAzana kA kArya ho rahA hai tathA yahA~ se vibhinna zAstra bhaNDAroM kI sUciyA~ bhI prakAzita huI haiN| yadi isa tIrtha ko "jJAna tIrtha" kI saMjJA bhI dI jAya, to koI atyukti nahIM hogii| (2) cAMdakher3I tIrtha : zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra cA~dakher3I, jhAlAvAr3a jile meM khAnapura kasbe se tIna phalAMga dUra, rUpalI nadI ke taTa para avasthita hai| isa kSetra kA nirmANa auraMgajeba ke zAsanakAla meM 1689 I0 meM huA thaa| isa sambandha meM paramparAnugata anuzruti hai ki khAnapura mavezI mele meM kizanadAsa ko svapna huA ki khAnapura aura zeragar3ha ke bIca 9 ki0 mI0 dUra, bArahapATo ke pADAkhoha ke bhUgarbha meM kaI pratimAe~ dabI par3I haiN| khudAI karavAne para vahA~ se AdinAtha svAmI, mahAvIra svAmI Adi tIrthaMkaroM kI kaI mUrtiyAM nikliiN| saMbhavataH prAcInakAla meM yahA~ koI vizAla jaina mandira rahA hogA / AdinAtha pratimA ko uThAne ke kaI prayAsa viphala huye| punaH svapna ke AdhAra para kizanadAsa sarakaMDe kI gAr3I meM mUrti ko lAne lge| unakA vicAra mUrti ko sAMgoda le jAkara sthApita karane kA thaa| svapna ke nirdezAnusAra unheM gAr3I lAte samaya pIche bhI nahIM dekhanA thA, kintu rUpalI nadI para bhramavaza pIche dekhane para gAr3I ruka gaI va vahIM mandira nirmita karavAnA pdd'aa| nirmANa kArya 1685 I0 meM prArambha huA aura 4 varSa bAda 1689 I0 meM pUrNa huaa| isI varSa vizAla samAroha ke sAtha, Amera pITha ke bhaTTAraka jagatakIti ke dvArA paMcakalyANaka pratiSThA sampanna karavAI gii| AdinAtha kI ukta pratimA ke camatkAroM evaM atizayoM ko khyAti dUra-dUra taka hai| pratimA atyanta kalApUrNa, samacaturastra-saMsthAnayukta, bhavya, prazAnta, lAvaNyayukta evaM kalA sauSThava se pUrNa hai| mandira kI saMracanA madhyakAla kI mandira yojanA kA utkRSTa udAharaNa hai / auraMgajeba ke kAla meM yaha mandira AzaMkAoM ke madhya pUrNa huA hogaa| isa samaya auraMgajeba dakSiNa meM yuddhoM meM vyasta thaa| koTA nareza bhI usakI sahAyatArthaM dakSiNa meM hI the / musalamAnoM dvArA vidhvaMsa kI AzaMkA se mandira kI nirmANa yojanA durga kI taraha kI gaI hai / zikhara bhI choTA hai, jo bAhara se spaSTa nahIM dekhA jA sakatA hai / parisara ke andara sAmAnya mandira jaisA dRzya hai, kintu tala prakoSTha meM apUrva mUrti-vaibhava hai| mukhya praveza dvAra meM ghusane para vizAla parisara hai, jisameM saMgamaramara kA saMvasaraNa mandira abhI 1. bhAdijaitI, pR0 31-33 /

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jaina tIrtha : 265 nirmANAdhIna hai| dAMyI tarapha, eka anya dvAra se praviSTa hone para dUsarA parisara hai, jisameM cAroM ora dharmazAlA va prAMgaNa meM jinAlaya hai / mandira ke cAroM konoM para chatariyAM haiM, va mukhya zikhara kalaza maMDita hai / mandira ke dvAra maNDapa meM eka stambha para cAroM dizAoM meM tIrthakara mUrtiyAM va unake nIce tIna aura Der3ha phuTa kI lambAI meM zilAlekha utkIrNa haiM / dvAra meM praveza karane para mandira ke antaH bhAga kA barAmadA hai, jisameM pAMca vediyAM va eka gandha-kuTI hai| vediyoM meM kula 13 tIrthaMkara mUrtiyAM va eka AcArya mUrti hai| gandhakuTI meM supArzvanAtha kI kRSNa varNa padmAsana pratimA hai / sAmane hI garbhagRha hai, jisameM 3 vediyA~ haiM-prathama vedI meM 5 pASANa mUrtiyA~, 4 iMca U~cA eka pASANa caitya tathA tIna dhAtu mUrtiyA~ haiM / dvitIya vedI meM bAhubali kI 5 phITa samunnata khaDgAsana pratimA, 3 pASANa va 1 dhAtu pratimA hai| tRtIya vedI meM 8 mUrtiyA~ haiM / isa garbhagRha ke nikaTa se eka sopAna mArga bhUgarbha sthita tala prakoSTha ko jAtA hai| sIr3hiyoM se utarane para bA~yIM ora kI dIvAra meM 23 phITa samunnata eka zilAphalaka meM caturbhujI devI utkIrNa hai| isake dAhine hAthoM meM mAlA va aMkuza tathA bA~yeM hAthoM meM trizUla aura daNDa haiN| devI kA vAhana khaNDita hai| zirobhAga para tIrthakara pratimA padmAsana mudrA meM utkIrNa hai| sAmane kI dIvAra para 2 phITa 4 iMca U~ce phalaka meM caturbhujI ambikA banI huI hai, dAhine do hAthoM meM aMkuza va varada mudrA tathA bA~yeM do hAthoM meM kamala va dUsare meM goda meM putra ko liye huye haiN| devI ke hAthoM meM kaMkaNa, cUr3iyA~, bhujabanda, maMgalasUtra, hAra, mauktika mAlA, kuNDala va sira para mukuTa hai| bA~yoM ora garbhagRha meM 8 phITa 4 iMca U~ce aura 7 phITa, 3 iMca caur3e zilAphalaka meM 2 phITa 9 iMca U~cI mahAvIra ko khar3agAsana pratimA utkIrNa hai / isake alAvA isa phalaka meM 5 tIrthaMkara pratimAe~, donoM dhyAnAsanoM meM banI haiN| isake parikara meM gaja mAlA liye huye deva, camarendra, vyAla aura donoM ora yakSa-yakSI haiN| isa manojJa aura kalApUrNa mUrti kA pratiSThA kAla 1089 I0 hai, jo caraNa caukI para aMkita hai / mukhya garbhagRha meM vedI 'para mUlanAyaka RSabhadeva kI halke lAla pASANa kI padmAsana pratimA hai / vakSa para zrIvatsa tathA hAthoM aura pairoM para padma bane haiN| pAda pITha para 3 phITa, eka iMca lambA 8 paMkyioM kA lekha utkIrNa hai, jisake anusAra 1689 I0 meM mUla saMgha ke bhaTTAraka jagatkoti dvArA khIMcIvAr3A deza meM cAMdakher3I meM, kizora siMha ke rAjya meM, bagheravAla baMzI bhUpati aura jaulAde ke putra, saMghI kizanadAsa ne bimba pratiSThA karAyI / yaha pratimA 6 phITa 3 iMca U~cI aura 5 phITa 5 iMca caur3I hai| pratimA ke mukha para zAnti, virAga aura karuNA kI nirmala bhAvapravaNatA jhalakatI hai| isa pratimA kA nirmANa kAla 455 I0 mAnate haiM, jise prAmANika nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| vastutaH pUrvokta mahAvIra pratimA bhI isI ke sAtha utkhanana meM prApta huI thI, ataH yaha mUrti bhI uso kI samakAlIna arthAt 11vIM zatAbdI kI mAnI jA sakatI hai / isa vedI para eka

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296 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma pASANa phalaka meM tIna tIrthaMkara mUrtiyAM, eka dUsare ke Upara banI huI haiN| eka anya zilAphalaka meM, jo mUlataH caubIsI hai, madhya meM padmAsana mudrA meM pArzvanAtha haiN| isake zIrSa bhAga meM zikhara banA huA hai| bAyIM ora ke eka phalaka meM, eka ora usake ubhaya pAvoM meM do khaDgAsana mUrtiyAM haiM / bAyIM ora dIvAra kI vedI meM sambhavanAtha haiM / dAyIM ora kI dIvAra kI vedI meM 1689 I0 kI pratiSThita 4 mUrtiyAM haiM / yahIM 1 phuTa 9 iMca U~cA zikharAkAra nandIzvara jinAlaya bhI hai|' tala prakoSTha ke sabhA maNDapa meM eka stambha meM cAroM dizAoM meM 52-52 mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / yaha bAvana jinAlaya stambha kahalAtA hai / aisA bAvana jinAlaya stambha kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotA, jisameM 208 mUrtiyA~ hoN| tala prakoSTha kA yaha bhAga utanA hI bar3A hai, jitanA mandira kA UparI bhAga / isakI bhittiyA~ nadI kI nikaTatA ke kAraNa 8 phITa caur3I banAI gaI haiN| mandira ke praveza dvAra ke sAmane eka barAmade meM zeragar3ha ke jaina mandira se lAyI huI, 11vI va 12vIM zatAbdI kI 3 tIrthakara mUrtiyAM haiN| mandira ke ahAte meM saMlagna kSetra ke bagIce meM do chatariyA~ haiM / eka kA nirmANa siroMja paTTa ke bhaTTAraka bhuvanendra kIrti ne 1803 I0 meM tathA dUsarI kA bhaTrAraka rAjendra kIrti ne 1826 I0 meM karavAyA / kSetra kI vyavasthA eka prabandhakAriNI samiti ke supurda hai|' (3) kAparaDA tIrtha : yaha tIthaM jodhapura se jaitAraNa ke madhya, bilAr3A tahasIla meM pIpAr3a se 10 mIla dUra sthita hai| 1664 I0 meM upAdhyAya meghavijaya ne pAzvanAtha-nAma-mAlA' meM "kApaDahaiDA" ko pArzvanAtha tIrtha ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA hai / 2 anuzrutiyoM ke anusAra eka lar3akI ko bhUmi meM dabI mUrti kA svapna AyA, jo usane yati ko btaayaa| khudAI karake tadanantara mUrti nikAlI gii| sambhavataH pahale kabhI yahAM mandira rahA hogaa| isI. sthAna para nIlavarNa kI 3 mUrtiyAM aura nikalI thIM, jo abhI jodhapura, sojata va pIpAr3a meM pratiSThita haiN| mUrtiyoM para lekha nahIM haiM / 1603 I0 meM mandira kA nirmANa kArya zilpajJa jorA ke nirdezana meM bhAnAjI bhaNDArI dvArA prArambha karavAyA gayA / 10 varSa taka nirmANa kArya calA / mandira kA mukhya stara bhUmi se 100 phuTa U~cA rakhA gayA thA / yaha mandira caumukhA, caumaMjilA va vizAla hai / bhavyatA ke AkarSaNa se dUradUra se loga isa tIrtha para Ate haiN| tIrtha ke mUlanAyaka puruSAdAnIya, paramacAmatkArika, zrI svayambhU pArzvanAtha kI nIlavarNI, saparikara, nayanaramya mUrti bahuta bhavya hai / 1. bhAdi jaitii| 2. vhii| 3. kAparaDA tIrtha kA saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 10, prAcIna tIrthamAlA saMgraha, pR0 151 .

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jaina tIrtha : 167 1678 I0 meM pAlI se kharatara gacchIya candra sUri ko bulavAkara pratiSThA kI gii| pratimA lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki mahArAjA gajasiMha ke rAjya meM ukezavaMzIya lAkhana santA ne, bhaNDArI gotra ke amarA putra bhAnA ne bhAryA va putra sahita eka mUrti pratiSThita karavAI thii|' mandira kI pratiSThA ke samaya mahArAjA svayaM upasthita the| rAjA ne dAna va sanada Adi bhI pradAna kiye the / rAjya se kezara, dhUpa, candana Adi ke liye 30 rupaye mAsika bilAr3A tahasIla se milane kI vyavasthA thii|2 1835 I0 ke pazcAt se hI yahA~ kI janasaMkhyA meM kAphI kamI A gii| 1918 I0 meM jIrNoddhAra ke pazcAt yahA~ punaH pratiSThA huI thii| (4) dayAla zAha kA kilA : __ udayapura se 43 mIla dUra, basa mArga para, rAjanagara kasbe meM eka UMcI pahAr3I para yaha kilA aura tIrtha sthita hai, jo mevAr3a kI paMcatIrthI meM sammilita kiyA jAtA hai| yahA~ maMtrI dayAlazAha ne naumaMjilA caturmukha jina prAsAda nirmita karavAyA thA aura usameM RSabhadeva kI mUrti pratiSThita karavAI thii| mandira kI kArIgarI aura sajjA utkRSTa aura manorama hai| yahAM para "rAja-prazasti" nAmaka 25 sarga kA pASANa zilA para lekha hai, jo bhArata kA sabase bar3A zilAlekha hai / rANA rAjasiMha ne jitanA dhana rAjasamaMda banavAne meM vyaya kiyA, utanA hI dhana unake mantrI dayAlazAha ne isa mandira ke nirmANa meM vyaya kiyA thaa| (5) jaisalamera paMcatIrthI ke anya mandira evaM tIrtha : (ka) amarasara ke jaina mandira : __ jaisalamera se 3 mIla dUra lodravA kI tarapha saghana Amra vRkSoM se AcchAdita.. mahArAvala amarasiMha dvArA nirmita amarasara bAMdha, upavana hai| isameM 3 jaina mandira haiM tInoM ke mUla nAyaka AdinAtha haiM / prathama mandira sar3aka ke kinAre muni iMgara sI kI berI ke pAsa hai, jo paMcAyata kI tarapha se banavAyA haA hai| mandira kI pratiSThA 1846 I0 meM rANA raNajIta siMha ke kAla meM huI / zeSa donoM mandiroM kA nirmANa jaisalamera ke sukhyAta bAphanA ( paTavA ) jAti ke seThoM ne krvaayaa| choTe mandira kA nirmANa savAI rAma bAphanA ne 1840 I0 meM aura bar3e mandira kA nirmANa himmata rAma bAphanA ne 1871 I0 meM krvaayaa| bar3e mandira kI pratimA bokamapura se lAI gaI hai, jo lagabhaga 1500 varSa prAcIna hai| donoM mandiroM kI pratiSThA kharatara gacchAcArya 1. kAparaDA tIrtha, pR0 38 / 2. vahI, pR0 38 / 3. jaisarA, pR0 198 /

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268 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma mahendra sUri ke dvArA sampanna huI / mandira nirmANa meM zveta aura pIle saMgamaramara kA acchA sAmaMjasya hai / sthApatya para kucha aMzoM meM mugala prabhAva dRSTigata hotA hai / gavAkSa, tibAriyA~, barAmadoM Adi para utkIrNa alaMkaraNa manamohaka hai / yahA~ raMgamaMDapa kI jagaha alaMkaraNa yukta barAmadA hai| ina mandiroM kI sundara zilpakalA ke viSaya meM pUrNa candra nAhara ne likhA hai, "vizAla marubhUmi meM aisA mUlyavAna bhAratIya zilpa kalA kA namUnA darzanIya vastuoM kI gaNanA meM rakhA jA sakatA hai|" mandira meM prazasti ke atirikta pIle pASANa para utkIrNa eka dIrghakAya zilAlekha hai|' (kha) brahmasara ke jaina mandira : __ brahmasara, jaisalamera se 8 mIla uttara meM rAmagar3ha sar3aka para sthita hai / isa gA~va meM muni mohana lAla kI AjJA se bAgarecA amolaka canda ke putra mANaka lAla ne mahArAvala berIsAla ke samaya meM 1887 I0 meM pArzvanAtha kA sundara mandira banavAyA, jo kalAtmaka dRSTi se darzanIya va tIrtha yAtriyoM ke lie vandanIya hai| (ga) devIkoTa ke jaina mandira : bAr3amera jAne vAlI sar3aka para yaha sthAna jaisalamera se 24 mIla dUra dakSiNa pUrva meM sthita hai / anya sthAnoM kI taraha yaha bhI kAphI prAcIna hai / yahA~ zrI saMgha kI ora se banavAyA gayA AdinAtha kA sundara mandira hai, jo 1803 I0 meM mahArAvala mUlarAja ke rAjatvakAla meM nirmita huaa| (gha) barasalapura ke jaina mandira : jaisalamera se 140 mIla tathA bIkAnera se 92 mIla dUra, yaha eka prAcIna nagara hai / yahA~ lakSmInAtha mandira ke sAtha hI pArzvanAtha mandira hai aura donoM ko bhoga eka hI sAtha lagAyA jAtA hai / lakSmIcanda sevaka ne jaisalamera tavArIkha ke pR0 186 para likhA hai, "mandira eka meM zrI lakSmInAtha jI va zrI pArasanAtha jI sAmala virAje va Aroge haiM, judA kare to vighna huvai / " vaiSNava va jaina dharma samanvaya kA yaha anUThA udAharaNa hai| 1. jaisaMzo, prathama khaMDa, pR0 108-111 / 2. jaisalamera digdarzana, pR0 16 / 3. vahI, pR0 17 // 4. vahI, pR0 18 /

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adhyAya paMcama jaina kalA pratyeka kAla, kSetra, dharma aura saMskRti meM kucha aisI maulika vizeSatAeM hotI haiM, jisase kalA kA apanA eka nijI AyAma nirmita hotA hai| rAjasthAna meM jaina kalA, asaMkhya sthAnIya kalAkAroM evaM rAjanItika paristhitiyoM, mUlataH dharmAndha muslima AkramaNoM ke kAraNa, gujarAta Adi nikaTastha kSetroM se rAjapUtoM ke saMrakSaNa meM Aye zrAvakoM, vAstukAroM, mUrtikAroM aura citrakAroM ke dvArA, sthAnIya bhaugolika vizeSatAoM, jainadharma ko mUla mAnyatAoM, rAjakIya prazraya evaM jainAcAryoM ke satprayAsoM ke phalasvarUpa, apanA nijI gaurava liye huye vikasita huii| rAjasthAna ke sAMskRtika vaibhava kI nirmiti meM jaina kalA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai, jo mandira, zilpa, mUrtikalA aura citrakalA ke jainAzrita vividha rUpoM meM dRSTigata hotI hai| yadyapi muslima vidhvaMsa kA AkrAmaka prahAra kalA pratimAnoM para bhI huA hai, phira bhI bahuta kucha jainAcAryoM kI sUjha-bUjha ke pariNAma svarUpa nirmita zAstra bhaNDAroM meM surakSita hai aura jIrNoddhAra karAye gaye mandira bhI AMzika rUpa se purAtana paricaya de dete haiN| kaI mandiroM meM bahumUlya va kalAtmaka mUrtiyoM ke saMgraha bhI haiN| (a) jaina citrakalA : bhAratIya citrakalA kI aitihAsika paramparA kA adhyayana karane para jJAta hotA hai. ki 10vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva guphA citroM yA bhitti citroM kA nirmANa hotA thaa| bhitti citroM kI kalA ke pazcAt 10vIM yA 11vIM zatAbdI se tADapatrIya citroM ke rUpa meM jaina laghu citra zailI vikasita huii| isa citrazailI ke nAmakaraNa ke sambandha meM matabheda haiM / nArmana brAuna ne ise "zvetAmbara jaina zailI" kahA hai, kyoMki unake matAnusAra isakA prayoga zvetAmbara jaina granthoM meM hI huA hai tathA A~kha ko nikalI huI aMkita karane kA kAraNa, sambhavataH isa sampradAya meM pracalita tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM meM kRtrima A~kha lagAnA hai / DaoN0 kumArasvAmI ne ise "jaina kalA" tathA ena0 sI0 mehatA ne "gujarAtI zailI" kahA hai| rAya kRSNadAsa ke matAnusAra isa zailI meM bhAratIya citrakalA kA hrAsa dikhAI detA hai aura ye citra "kupar3a" citrakAroM ke banAye huye haiN| isa kalA ko isa kAla meM vikasita huI bhASA ke anusAra "apabhraMza zailI" kI saMjJA dI gaI, kintu 1. rAyakRSNa dAsa-bhArata kI citrakalA, pR0 29 / 2. vahI, pR0 29 /

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270 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma isase bhI pUrva tibbatI itihAsajJa tArAnAtha ne "pazcima bhAratIya zailI" kA ullekha kiyA hai aura DaoN0 motIcandra ne isa nAma kA aucitya svIkAra kiyA hai, kyoMki upalabdha pramANoM ke AdhAra para isa zailI kA udgama aura vikAsa, pazcimI bhArata meM vizeSataH gujarAta va rAjapUtAnA pradeza meM huA siddha hotA hai / tArAnAtha ke anusAra pazcimI kalA zailI mArU (mAravAr3a) ke zRMgadhara nAmaka kuzala citrakAra ne 7vIM zatAbdI meM prArambha kI thI jo uttara meM nepAla va kazmIra taka pahu~ca gaI / ' upalabdha pramANoM se - spaSTa hai ki isakI puSTi jaina paramparAoM ke bhItara hI huI, isaliye isakA " jaina zailI" nAma anucita nahIM hai / sArAbhAI nabAba ne isa zailI ke liye " pazcimI jaina kalA" nAma sujhAyA hai / 3 2 4 parsI brAuna ne ajantA va rAjasthAnI citrakalA ke bIca kA kAla, vastuta: jaina " citrakalA kA kAla hai, bhAratIya kalA kA andhakAra yuga batAyA hai / Acara ke bhI yahI vicAra haiM / " bhAratIya kalA samIkSaka rAya kRSNadAsa ne jaina zailI ke prati atyadhika Akroza vyakta kiyA hai| vastutaH ajantA citrazailI ke mAnadaNDoM se hara citrazailI ko nahIM taulA jA sakatA / saundarya ko AdamI ke cehare-moharoM meM na dekhakara kalA tattvoM kI dRSTi se saMracanA ko pahicAnane para jaina citrakalA nayA hI arthabodha upasthita karatI hai / 11vIM se 16vIM zatAbdI taka jaina citrakalA kA samaya mAnA jAtA hai / usake pazcAt rAjasthAna meM vividha prAdezika citra zailiyA~ astitva meM AI / bAsila gre ke anusAra yaha zailI 15vIM - 16vIM zatAbdI meM apane caramotkarSa para thI / akabara ke kAla meM yaha itanI zaktizAlI thI ki akabara ne apane pustakAlaya vibhAga ke liye gujarAtI kalAkAroM ko cunA thA / " mAriye busArila ke anusAra jaina citrakalA kucha arthoM meM ekadama navIna evaM pUrNa krAntikArI zailI thI, jisane citrakalA ke vikAsa meM eka nayA hI prakaraNa jor3A hai | rAjasthAna va gujarAta ke bAhara bhI isa zailI kA prasAra rahA, jahA~ jaina va ajaina donoM prakAra kI sacitra pustakeM likhI jAtI rahIM / 1. ie, 4, pR0 1202 / 2. jaina hIrAlAla, bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pR0 368 / 3. vahI 4. heriTeja oNpha iNDiyana peMTigja 5. iNDiyana peMTigja 6. bhArata kI citrakalA, pR0 24-36 / 7. jaisarA, pR0 204 / 8. rAjapUta peMTigsa, pR0 3 | 9. iNDiyana miniecara, pR0 43 / jo

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khena kalA : 271 vastutaH jaina zailI ne mugala zailI ke sAtha saMyukta hokara, 16vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt rAjasthAna kI vividha citra zailiyoM ko janma diyaa| ataH isa zailI kI mahattA Ane vAlI citrakalA kI bhUmi taiyAra karane meM rhii| rAjasthAnI citrakalA nizcaya hI "jaina zailI' kI dena hai| gajasthAna kI jaina citrakalA ke apane maulika rUpa rahe haiM, jo bhitti citroM evaM laghu citrazailI ke vividha rUpAMkanoM, yathA sacitra tAr3apatrIya evaM kAgaja grantha, sacitra vastra paTTa, sacitra vijJapti lekha, kASThacitra evaM vibhinna citra zRMkhalAoM ke rUpa meM dekhane ko milate haiM, jinase tatkAlIna dhArmika, sAmAjika evaM rAjanaitika jIvana prakAza meM AtA hai, tathA vAtAvaraNa, vezabhUSA Adi kI bhI parokSa rUpa se jAnakArI prApta hotI hai / (1) pUrva madhyakAla : (ka) bhitti citra : pUrva madhyakAla meM bhitti citroM kA nirmANa hotA thA, kintu bhittiyoM kA lepa aura usa para kalAkAra ke hAthoM se nirmita rekhAe~ tathA raMgoM kA vinyAsa kAlika prabhAva evaM dhUpa, varSA, pavana Adi prAkRtika zaktiyoM kI karAlatA ko adhika nahIM saha sktii| ataH isa kAla ke bhitti citroM ke udAharaNa rAjasthAna meM upalabdha nahIM hote, kintu bhitti citroM ke nirmANa ke bAda se hI jaina citrakalA kI zailI astitva meM aaii| (kha) laghu citrazailI : (kha-1) sacitra tAr3apatrIya graMtha : rAjasthAna kI jaina citrakalA kA prArambha tAr3apatrIya granthoM se mAnA jA sakatA hai, jo sarvAdhika, jaisalamera ke jinabhadra sUri jJAna bhaNDAra meM upalabdha haiM / "dazavaikAlikasUtrarNi" evaM 'oghaniyukti' (1060 I0), jinheM nAgapAla ke vaMzaja Ananda ne pADila nAmaka kavi se pratilipi karAyA thA, prAcInatama citrita grantha haiN| ina granthoM meM lakSmI, indra, hAthI Adi kI AkRtiyA~ kalAmaya evaM darzanIya haiN| cauhAnakAlIna "paMcAzaka prakaraNa vRtti' (1150 I0), "upadeza prakaraNa vRtti" (1155 I0), "kavi rahasya' (1159 I0), "dazavakAlikasUtra' Adi haiM, jinakA citraNa pAlI aura ajamera meM huA thA, jaisalamera jJAna bhaNDAra meM saMgrahIta haiN| 1. coyala, jaisarA, pR0 209 / 2. vAcaspati gerolA-bhAratIya citrakalA kA saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 41 / 3. puNyavijaya-keTelAMga oNpha prAkRta eNDa saMskRta menu0 jaisalamera, ahamadAbAda 1972, pR0 28 / 4. vahI, pR0 141 /

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272 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma (kha-2) sacitra kAgaja grantha : kAgaja, 10vIM-11vIM zatAbdI meM araba dezoM se bhArata meM aayaa| jaisalamera grantha bhaNDAra meM 1160 I0 kA "dhvanyAloka locana' kI prati kA antima patra muni jina vijaya jI ko milA hai, jo isa kAla meM kAgaja ke pracalana ke prArambha kA pramANa hai| (kha-3) sacitra vastra paTTa : vastra kA prayoga lekhana evaM citraNa ke liye prAcIna kAla se hI hotA rahA hai| 14vIM zatAbdI se pUrva ke vastrapaTTa rAjasthAna meM upalabdha nahIM haiM / sambhavataH musalamAnoM dvArA naSTa kara diye gaye yA kapar3e kI nazvara prakRti ke kAraNa samApta ho gaye / (kha-4) kASTha phalaka : ___ tAr3apatrIya hastalikhita graMthoM ko surakSita rakhane ke liye, Upara nIce kASTha paTTikAeM rakha kara bA~dha diyA jAtA thaa| jaina citrakAra ina kASTha paTTikAoM ko bhI sundara DhaMga se citrita karate the| __ jaina kalA kA rAjasthAna meM pUrvatama upalabdha rUpa, kASTha phalakoM meM dekhane ko milatA hai| kAla ke prabhAva evaM kASTha ke nazvara svarUpa ke kAraNa bahuta se prAcIna phalaka naSTa ho gye| phira bhI muni jinavijaya ne jaisalamera ke bhaNDAroM se lakar3I kI lagabhaga 14 citrita paTTiyA~ khoja nikAlI hai aura rAjasthAnI va ajantA, elorA kalA ke madhya kI kar3I jor3a dI hai / kamala kI bela vAlI paTalI atyanta vilakSaNa hai| isakA Alekhana zrI sArA bhAI nabAba kI bharata-bAhubali vAlI paTalI kI doharI bela sA hai, alaMkaraNa to aura bhI anokhA hai| ina beloM meM, eka meM jirApha aura dusare meM gaiMDe kA aMkana kiyA gayA hai, jo bhAratIya kalA meM zAyada sabase pahale yahIM huA ho / eka citra meM makara ke mukha se nikalatI kamala bela banAI gaI hai / aisI vela-sAMcI, amarAvatI va mathurA ke ardha citroM kI vizeSatA hai, ataeva jaina kalA kI prAcInatA va usakI paramparAgata kalA se sAnnidhya para ye citra gaharA prakAza DAlate haiN|' sabase prAcIna sacitra kASTha phala ka "seTha zaMkaradAna nAhaTA kalA-bhavana", bIkAnera meM hai / 2, jisameM somacandra Adi kA nAma citra ke sAtha likhA huA hai| jinadatta sUri kA dIkSA nAma somacandra thA aura unhIM kA isa phalaka meM citra hai, isaliye yaha phalaka nizcita rUpa se 1112 I0 ke pUrva kA hai, kyoMki 1112 I0 meM somacandra ko cittaur3a meM AcArya pada dekara jinadatta sUri nAma diyA gayA thaa| yaha kASTha paTTikA 34111 iMca kI hai| isake cAroM ora sImA va 3 khaNDa haiN| prathama khaNDa meM AcArya guNasamudra aura sAmane hI Asana para somacandra gaNi baiThe huye haiN| AcArya ke pRSTha bhAga meM pITha 1. muhasmRga, pR0 694 / 2. nAhaTA, rAjasthAna vaibhava, pR0 119 /

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jaina kalA : 273 zrAvaka ke gale meM svarNahAra hai, pIche-pIche zrAvikAe~ bhI isI bar3e-bar3e karNaphUla haiM / vastra zrAvaka ke mor3I huI mU~cha phalaka bhI hai, kintu somacandra gaNI ke nahIM hai / isase unakA dIkSA paryAya meM bar3A honA pramANita hotA hai| donoM ke pAsa rajoharaNa va madhya meM sthApanAcArya hai / donoM eka ghuTanA U~cA va eka nIcA kiye huye, pravacana mudrA meM Amane-sAmane baiThe haiM / donoM ke vastra zveta haiM | AcArya ke pIche eka zrAvaka baiThA hai, jisakI dhotI jA~ghiye kI bhA~ti hai / kaMdhe para uttarIya ke atirikta koI vastra nahIM hai / vaha eka ghuTanA U~cA kiye huye karabaddha baiThA hai / usake mudrA meM haiM, jinake gale meM hAra, hAthoM meM cUr3iyA~ va kAnoM meM raMgIna va chIMTa kI taraha kA hai, evaM bAloM meM jUr3A ba~dhA hai| aura Thor3I ke bhAga ko chor3akara, alpa dAr3hI hai / somacandra gaNI ke pRSTha bhAga meM do vyakti haiM, jinakI veSabhUSA uparyukta zrAvakoM jaisI hai / citra zailI meM tatkAlIna prathAnusAra netra kI tokhI rekhAe~ donoM ora isaliye dikhAI haiM ki ekAkSIpana kA doSa na Aye / citra ke madhya khaNDa meM phUla banAyA hai, jisake bIca meM chidra hai, jo grantha kI DorI pirone ke liye hai / citra ke dUsare khaNDa meM sAdhviyoM kA upAzraya hai| paTTa para pravartinI vimalamati baiThI huI haiM, jinake pIche pITha phalaka hai / sAmane do sAdhviyA~ baiThI haiM, jinake nAma " nayazrI" aura "nayamatima" likhA huA hai| tInoM ke bIca meM sthApanAcArya jI rakhe huye haiM / sAdhvIjI ke pIche eka zrAvikA Asana para baiThI huI hai / zrAvikA kA nAma " nandIsIra" likhA huA hai ! citraphalaka kA kinArA TUTa jAne se jor3A huA hai / isameM Aye sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke nAma " gaNadhara sArddhazataka bRhada vRtti" meM nahIM milate, ataH inake nAma prApta honA aitihAsika dRSTi se bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai / jaisalamera ke jinabhadrasUri jJAna bhaNDAra meM, jo kumArapAla va jinadatta sUri kI kASTha paTTikA thI, vaha abhI thArUzAha ke bhaNDAra meM rakhI huI hai| isa phalaka para " narapati kumArapAla bhakti rastu" likhA huA hai / phalaka ke madhya meM navaphaNA pArzvanAtha jinAlaya hai, jisakI saparikara pratimA ke ubhaya pakSa meM gajArUr3ha indra aura donoM ora cAmaradhArI avasthita haiM / dAhinI ora do zaMkhadhArI puruSa khar3e haiM / bA~yeM kakSa meM puSpa, caMgerI liye hue bhakta khar3e haiM, jisake pIche do vyakti nRtya karate hue bhI citrita haiM evaM do vyakti vAdya yantra liye khar3e haiM / jinAlaya ke dAhinI ora jinadatta sUri kI vyAkhyAna sabhA hai / AcArya ke pIche do bhakta zrAvaka evaM eka ziSya narapati kumArapAla baiThA huA hai / rAjA ke sAtha rAnI va do paricAyaka haiM / jinadatta sUri ke citra para " zrI yuga pradhAnAgama zrI majjina datta sUrayaH " likhA hai / jinAlaya ke bA~yI tarapha guNa samudrAcArya haiM, jinake sAmane sthApanAcAryajI va catuvidha saMgha haiM / citra sthita sAdhu kA nAma paM0 brahma candra pRSTha bhAga meM do rAjapuruSa haiM, jinakA nAma "sahaNaya" va "anaMga" likhA hai / sAdhvIjI ke sAmane bhI sthApanAcArya aura unake samakSa do zrAvikAe~ karabaddha khar3I haiM / "gaNadhara 1. jinacandra smRga, pR0 55 / 18

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274 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jenadhamaM sAI zataka bRhada vRtti" ke anusAra pArzvanAtha ke navakaNoM kI prathA jinadatta sUri se hI pracalita huI thI / narabhaTa meM navaphaNA pArzvanAtha kI pratiSThA inhoMne hI kI thI / yaha jinAlaya Age calakara mahAtIrtha ke rUpa meM prasiddha huA / muni jinavijaya dvArA prakAzita jinadatta sUri ke sacitra kASTha phalaka ke 3 blaoNka " bhAratIya vidyA nibaMdha saMgraha " meM prakAzita hue haiM, jinameM se do kA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai / pahalI paTTikA meM bA~yeM aura dAhine bhAga meM citrita dRzyoM ke do khaNDa haiM / ina donoM khaNDoM meM jinadatta sUri kI vyAkhyAna sabhA kA Alekhana hai / isake Upara vAle citrakhaNDa meM, madhya meM jinadatta sUri baiThe hue haiM aura unake sammukha paM0 jinarakSita baiThe haiM / jinarakSita ke pIche do zrAvaka haiM evaM jinadatta sUri ke pIche eka zrAvaka evaM do zrAvikAe baiThI haiM / nIce vAlI dUsarI paTTikA ke citrakhaMDa meM madhya meM jinadatta sUri aura unake sAmane guNa samudrAcArya, unake pIche eka muni aura eka zrAvaka baiThA hai / sUrijI ke pRSTha bhAga meM do zrAvaka baiThe haiM / sUri jI ke sAmane sthApanAcArya haiM jisa para " mahAvIra " likhA huA hai / yaha sacitra phalaka saMbhavataH jinadatta sUri ke nijI saMgraha kI kisI tAr3apatrIya pustaka kA hai / sambhava hai isameM Alekhita puruSa va strI isa grantha ke bheMTakartA zrAvaka parivAra ke hoN| 3 mAravAr3a ke nirmita jinAlaya sUri jI ne mahAvIra kI pratimA kI paTTikA meM isI prasaMga kA Alekhana ho / kadAcit isI devadhara ne grantha ko likhavAkara sUri jI ko bheMTa kiyA ho / ye phalaka 12vIM zatAbdI ke haiM / vikramapura ke pratiSThA kI zreSThI devaghara dvArA thI / sambhava hai isa paTTikA ke sAtha vAle 12vIM zatAbdI ke hI eka prAcIna phalaka ke madhya meM jaina pratimA sahita maMdira hai, mUrti ke donoM aura paricAraka khar3e haiM / dAhinI ora do upAsaka karabaddha khar3a e haiM / do vyakti duMdubhi vAdana meM vyasta haiM aura do nartakiyoM nRtya kara rahI haiN| Upara AkAza meM eka kinnarI ur3a rahI hai / bA~yeM prakoSTha meM tIna upAsaka hAtha jor3e khar3e haiM aura eka kinnara AkAza meM ur3a rahA hai / isa madhyavartI citra ke donoM ora vyAkhyAna sabhA ho rahI hai / eka meM jinadatta sUri va unake sammukha jinarakSita baiThe haiM / anya upAsaka, upAsikA bhI haiM / muni ke sammukha sthApanAcArya para " mahAvIra" likhA hai / dAhinI ora kI vyAkhyAna sabhA meM jinadatta, guNacandrAcArya se vicAra-vimarza kara rahe haiM / donoM ke bIca meM bhI sthApanAcArya banA hai / muni jinavijaya ke anusAra yaha phalaka jinadatta sUri ke jIvanakAla kA hai / " 1. jinacandra smRga, pR0 56 / 2. vahI, pR0 53 // 3. vahI / 4. vahI / 5. hIrAlAla jaina, bhA0 saM0 meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, pR0 372 /

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jena kalA : 275 ne eka anya kASTha paTTa 1124 I0 kI isa aitihAsika ghaTanA se sambandhita hai jisameM siddharAja jayasiMha ke rAjadarabAra meM deva sUri zAstrArtha meM kumudacandra ko harAyA thA / sambhavataH yaha phalaka zAstrArthaM ke 4-5 varSoM meM hI taiyAra ho gayA hogA aura usakA nirmANa kAla 1130 I0 ke lagabhaga rahA hogA / 1 phalaka ke agrabhAga para AzApallI mandira ke vyAkhyAna bhavana meM, devasUri eka pITha vAle Asana para baiThe haiM / inake pIche eka ziSya aura sAmane sthApanAcArya rakhA hai / sambhavataH ve apane ziSya mANikya ko kucha samajhA rahe haiM / pharza para 4 sAmAnya vyakti, jo vastutaH kumudacandra ke bhediye haiM, baiThe haiM / ye digambara mata ke pratIta hote haiM / agale hisse meM pITha phalaka ke sahAre kumudacandra baiThe haiM, unake hAtha meM picchI, Age va pIche eka-eka ziSya haiM / agale khaMDa meM deva sUri ke sAtha do ziSya va do zrAvaka haiM tathA sandezavAhaka unheM zAstrArthaM kI cunautI de rahA hai / agale khaNDa meM jamIna para sAmAnya janoM ke sAtha baiThe huye kumudacaMdra tathA durvyavahAra se pIr3ita vRddhA sAdhvI batAI gaI hai / agale khaNDa meM yahI vRddhA sAdhvI deva sUri se apane sAtha huye durvyavahAra kI zikAyata kara rahI hai / isake bAda kumudacaMdra saMdezavAhaka kA sandeza sunate huye tathA antima khaNDa meM eka aurata vyApArI ko ghI becate huye citrita hai / phalaka ke pIche donoM AcArya ziSya maMDalI ke sAtha pATana kI tarapha jAte huye dikhAye gaye haiM / deva sUri ke dRzya meM zvetAmbariyoM dvArA acche zakuna va bAyeM hisse meM kumudacandra va unake dala ke sAtha kobarA Adi apazakuna citrita haiM / isake bAda kumudacandra pATana 'pahu~cane para rAjamAtA se milanA cAhate haiM, kintu rakSaka dvArA roka liye jAte haiM / yaha kASThaphalaka, bahuta rucikara hai, kyoMki isameM pahalI bAra " pazcima bhAratIya "zailI" ke vilakSaNa lakSaNa dRSTigata hote haiM / isameM sundara rekhAMkana va koNIya prayoga hai | tIkhI nAka va nukIlI Thor3I bahuta spaSTa hai / sa~karI chAtI va A~khoM kA citraNa paramparA se kucha haTakara dikhatA hai / 2 ( kha - 5) sacitra vijJapti patra : 8vIM se 16vIM zatAbdI taka ke sacitra vijJapti yA abhI taka dekhane ko nahIM mile haiN| cU~ki vijJapti patra AcAryoM ko apane nagara meM cAturmAsa vyatIta karane ke liye bheje jAne vAle nimaMtraNa patra hote the, ataH rAjasthAna meM hI inakI upalabdhi bahuta kama dRSTigata hotI hai / acitrita vijJapti patra madhyakAla ke upalabdha hote haiM / (2) madhyakAla (ka) bhitti citra : 12vIM se 16vIM zatAbdI ke madhya ke bhitti citra bhI astitva meM nahIM raha pAye / 1. bhAratIya vidyA, 3, pR0 236 / 2. jaina miniecara peMTiMgsa, pR0 61-62 /

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276 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma muslima vidhvaMsa ke kAraNa anekoM mandiroM ke jIrNoddhAra va punanirmANa hue tathA maMdiroM para raMga-rogana Adi ke kAraNa lupta-prAya ho gye| (kha) laghu citra zailIH : (kha-1) sacitra tADapatrIya grantha : 12vIM zatAbdI ke uparAnta bhI tAr3apatrIya granthoM kI paramparA satata rahI / jaisalamera meM upalabdha isa zatAbdI ke sacitra tAr3apatroM ke atirikta mevAr3a kSetra meM bhI 15vIM zatAbdI taka kaI sacitra grantha race gae, jo vividha sthAnoM para saMgrahIta haiM / Ahar3a meM gahila tejasiMha ke rAjyakAla meM "zrAvaka pratikramaNa cUNi" 1260 meM sacitra grantha likhA gyaa| isa grantha meM citra ke dAeM-bAe~ lipi tathA madhyabhAga meM citra hai / isakI puSpikA meM Alekha citroM ke sAtha hI haiM / grantha meM kula 6 citra hai / jo bosTana saMgrahAlaya, amerikA meM surakSita haiM / ina citroM meM neminAtha aura rAjamati ke nau pUrva bhavoM kA varNana citrita hai| prathama citra meM neminAtha ke do pUrva bhava-dhana tathA dhanavatI tathA deva vimAna sahita saudharma / dUsare citra meM agale tIna pUrva bhavoM-citragati aura vijayavega, mahendrA devaloka, rAjA aparAjita aura rAnI prItimatI; tIsare citra meM svarga kA zaMkharAja-yazomati tathA aparAjita sahita citrita hai| chaThA, sAtavA~ aura isI citra meM AThavA~ bhava bhI citrita hai / cauthe meM samudra vijaya kI garbhavatI patnI va 14 meM se 4 svapna; pA~caveM meM avaziSTa dasa svapna va neminAtha kA janma tathA chaThe citra meM janma mahotsava se dIkSA paryanta taka kI ghaTanAoM kA citraNa hai| ina citroM ko vizeSatAyeM tatkAlIna citraNa paddhati aura paramparA ke anusAra haiN| nArI citroM evaM alaMkaraNa kA inameM AkarSaka saMyojana hai / mahArANA lAkhA kAlona mevAr3a kA dUsarA sacitra grantha somezvara dvArA goDavAr3a meM citrita kiyA gayA, 1418 I0 kA "kalpasUtra" hai, jo anUpa saMskRta lAibrerI, bIkAnera meM surakSita hai / 79 patroM kI isa prati meM 73 patroM taka "kalpasUtra" evaM "kAlikAcArya kathA" 88 zlokoM kI hai| kathA meM 3 citra haiN| "kalpasUtra" ke 16 pRSThoM para citra haiN| inameM se patrAMka 9 aura 32 ke borDara para laghu citra haiM / patrAMka 26 meM 2 citra haiN| citroM kI pRSThabhUmi meM lAla, haldiyA baiMganI evaM mUMge ke raMga kA prayoga hai tathA grantha ke anta meM likhI puSpikA se tatkAlIna kalA-paraMparA kI bhI ucita puSTi hotI hai / yaha prati jaisalamera meM tilaka raMga ke ziSya jayasundara ko paMcamI tapa ke udyApana meM bheMTa kI gaI thii| mevAr3a kA tIsarA sacitra grantha mahArANA 1. ojhA-udayapura rAjya, pR0 166-170 / 2. jaisalamera nI citra samRddhi, citra saM0 4-9 / 3. nAhaTA-AkRti, varSa 11, aMka 1, pR0 1114 /

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jaina kalA : 277 mokala ke rAjyakAla kA, delavAr3A (devakula pATaka) meM citrita " supAsanAhacariyaM" 1426 I0 kA hai / yaha grantha 37 citroM kA eka anupama citra sampuTa hai, jo jJAna bhaNDAra pATana ke saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai / " yaha grantha delavAr3A meM muni hIrAnanda dvArA citrita kiyA gayA thA / pUrvavartI citrita graMthoM se kalAtmaka vizeSatAoM meM yaha eka kadama Age hai / isameM pRSTha bhUmi kA aMkana hIMgalU ke lAla raMga se kiyA gayA hai, striyoM kA laha~gA nIlA, kaMcuki harI, or3hanI halke gulAbI raMga se, jaina sAdhuoM ke paridhAna zveta aura pAtra zyAma raMga meM citrita haiM / delavAr3A meM bhI mahArANA mokala ke samaya kA cauthA sacitra grantha "jJAnArNava " 1427 I0 kA hai / yaha eka digambara jaina grantha hai, jo neminAtha mandira meM likhA gayA / yaha lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI jJAna bhaMDAra ahamadAbAda meM surakSita hai / pA~cavA~ grantha " rasikASThaka" 1435 I0 kA hai jo agaracanda nAhaTA saMgraha, bIkAnera meM hai / isa kAla meM " nizIthacUrNi", "aMgasUtra", "kathAratnasAgara", " saMgrahaNI sUtra", "uttarAdhyayana sUtra" "kAlakA kathA", " kalpasUtra " va "neminAtha caritra" Adi kI sacitra pothiyA~ evaM unakI pratilipiyA~ bhI racI gaI / gujarAta va rAjasthAna inakI racanA ke mukhya kendra the / rAjasthAna meM udayapura, bIkAnera tathA jodhapura ina kalAkAroM ke pramukha sthAna the / guruoM yA gurAsiyoM kI jAti kahA jAtA thA tathA bahuta alpa pArizramika lekara jaina pothiyoM meM citra banAnA inakA vyavasAya thA / 2 citrita tAr3apatra anya sthAnoM para bhI dekhane ko milate haiM / " kalpasUtra " kA eka patrIya citra lohAvara ke harisAgara sUri jJAna bhaNDAra meM va bIkAnera ke sva0 motIcandra khajAMcI ke saMgrahoM meM bhI hai / jaisalamera grantha bhaNDAra meM sacitra granthoM ke atirikta kucha citrita tAr3apatra bhI haiM / eka tAr3apatra para mahAvIra ke paMca kalyANaka citrita haiM / eka anya do bhAgoM meM vibhakta patra para 24 tIrthaGkara citrita haiM / eka patra para jala krIr3A kA dRzya hai, jo jalacaroM ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai / isI patra ke kucha hisse meM caturdaza svapna citrita haiM / tAr3apatrIya citroM meM sabase mahattvapUrNa kamala bela kA citraNa hai jo 1200 I0 ke AsapAsa kA pratIta hotA hai / " phalodhI ke "phUla canda saMgraha" meM bhI prati hai / " " kalpasUtra " kI eka sacitra 1. sArAbhAI maNilAla navAba, ahamadAbAda, jaina citra kalpadruma 1958, pR0 30 // 2, AkRti 1966, aMka 2, jaina citrakalA - rAmagopAla vijayavargIya / 3. kAsalIvAla, jaibharA, pR0 206 / 4. vahI, pR0 205 / 5. pavitra kalpasUtra, nivedana, pR0 4 /

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278 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma (kha-2) sacitra kAgaja graMtha : citra nirmANa ke liye kAgaja kA prayoga 14vIM zatAbdI ke bAda se prArambha huA / isase citrakalA kI takanIka meM kucha parivartana huaa| aisI pratiyoM meM mevAr3a meM citrita "supAsanAthacari\" kI prati vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai| 15vIM zatAbdI kI "pANDava caritra" kI eka sacitra prati jodhapura ke kesariyAnAtha bhaNDAra meM hai| jaisalamera bhaNDAra meM "kAlikAcArya kathA" kI sacitra hastalikhita prati kI citrakalA asAdhAraNa rUpa se sundara hai| isI bhaNDAra meM rajata-syAhI se likhita "kAlikAcArya" kI eka aura prati bhI sacitra hai / isameM kevala 15 hI patra hai / isI prakAra "kalpasUtra" kI rajata syAhI se likhI huI prati pUrNa sacitra hai / svaNima syAhI se aMkita 'kalpasUtra' kI eka anya prati 1467 I0 kI bhI sampUrNa citrita hai| bIkAnera ke saMgraha meM bhI 16vIM zatAbdI taka ke kaI sacitra grantha evaM kalpasUtra kI pratiyA~ hai| rAjasthAna ke anya kaI bhaNDAroM meM kAgaja para nirmita asaMkhya hastalikhita citrita graMtha haiM / Amera zAstra bhaNDAra jayapura meM 1404 I0 meM pratilipibaddha kiyA, puSpadanta racita "AdipurANa" hai / isameM 14veM pRSTha para RSabhadeva kI mAtA marudevI kA 14 svapna dekhate huye citraNa kiyA hai / isake raMga abhI bhI sajIva pratIta hote haiN| puSpadanta ke 'Adi purANa" kI eka anya pratilipi 1440 I0 ko jayapura ke terApaMthI mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM upalabdha hai, jisameM citra saMyojana kA sabase mahattvapUrNa pahalU yaha hai ki kaI pRSThoM para citraNa kA kSetra, pRSTha kI sampUrNa lambAI-caur3AI meM kara diyA gayA hai aura citraNa ke liye lambavat paTTI rakhane kI paziyA kI paramparA kA pAlana nahIM kiyA gayA hai / isameM 344 pRSTha haiM, jinameM 515 citra haiM / pRSThabhUmi ke raMga raktima lAla tathA zveta, kAlA, pIlA aura hare haiN| motIcandra ke anusAra mAnava AkRtiyoM kA saMyojana pazcima bhAratIya kalA ke anurUpa kiyA gayA hai| mudrAoM aura bhaMgimAoM meM gati dikhAI detI hai / citrAMkana koNIya haiM tathA tIkSNa nAsikA, vakrAkAra bhauMheM, bAhara nikalA huA sonA, patalI kamara va AMkha kA phailAva kAna taka dikhAI detA hai| strI evaM puruSoM kI vezabhUSA sAdhAraNa hai| striyoM ko citrita sAr3I, cAdara va colI meM tathA vibhinna prakAra ke AbhUSaNa bhI darzAe~ gaye haiN| puruSa paridhAnoM meM pagar3I, dupaTTA va dhotI pradarzita hai| kucha puruSa sa~karI moharI ke pAjAme va lambA koTa pahane huye bhI citrita haiM / senAoM ke yuddhAbhiyAna, paidala, ghur3asavAra, hAthI, ratha, talavAra, dhanuSa, tIra Adi hathiyAra bhI citrita haiN| prAkRtika saundarya kA citraNa nipuNatApUrvaka kiyA gayA hai / pahAr3iyA~, nadiyAM, jalacara, per3a-paudhe evaM hariyAlI kA bhI sundara citraNa hai / devaloka, indrasabhA aura nRtyarata apsarAoM ke citra sajadhaja se pUrNa haiN| isake atirikta naraka ke bhayAnaka dRzya, mandira, devAlaya, tIrthakara, jaina muni aura sAdhviyoM ko bhI citrita kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha meM pradarzita citra bhAratIya itihAsa, samAja va sAMskRtika sthitiyoM para

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jena kalA : 279 mahattvapUrNa prakAza DAlate haiM / sAtha hI rAjasthAnI citrakalA ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se, pazcima bhAratIya kalA yA jaina kalA meM 16vIM zatAbdI meM Aye mor3a ko bhI pradarzita karate haiM / " phalodhI meM phUlacanda ke saMgraha meM 1416 I0 kI "kAlakA kathA" kI eka sacitra prati hai / bar3audA meM haMsavijaya muni ke pAsa, rAjasthAna meM yavanapura meM 1468 I0 meM svarNima syAhI se likhI " kalpasUtra " kI eka sacitra prati hai, isameM 8 sundara citra tathA 74 sundara sImAMkana haiM / ( kha - 3 ) sacitra vastra paTTa : 14vIM zatAbdI se hI vastrAMkita grantha evaM citra milanA prArambha ho jAte haiM / sabase prAcIna sacitra vastra paTTa ra pArzvanAtha yantra vAlA, 14vIM zatAbdI ke utarAddha kA hai, kyoMki vastrapaTTa ke nIce jo AcArya kA citra hai, usameM " taruNaprabha sUri" likhA huA hai, jinakA samaya 1350 I0 ke AsapAsa kA hai / isa vastra paTTa ke Upara donoM ora pArzvanAtha aura padmAvatI devI ke sundara citra haiM / hai / usake bAhara golAkAra meM maMtra likhe haiM aura nIce AcArya kA citra hai / bIca meM pArzvanAtha kA citra eka anya vastrapaTTa " cintAmaNi yaMtra" hai, jo sAr3he unnIsa iMca lambA aura sAr3he sAta iMca caur3A hai, isameM tAraNa prabhAcArya kA bhI citra aMkita hai / ataH sambhavataH yaha unake jIvana kAla meM hI banA hogA / isameM sakendrIya tAMtrika vRtoM ke bIca siMhAsana para pArzvanAtha baiThe haiM / AsapAsa ca~varI liye huye dharaNendra tathA padmAvatI haiM / Upara dAhine tarapha pArzvanAtha kA yakSa va dAhine tarapha devI vairolyA citrita haiM / inake bIca meM gandharva bane huye haiM / nIce, dAhinI tarapha tAraNa prabhAcArya do ziSyoM ke sAtha tathA bA~yIM tarapha do anya ziSya haiN| vRta ke bAhara do caMvarI dhAraka haiM / 15vIM zatAbdI kA hI eka anya vastra paTTa kA chApA bhI hai| yaha bahumUlya sacitra hai / bahuta se maMtrAkSara vAle sacitra paTTa aura yaMtra, vidhi sahita pUjita rahe haiM / apabhraMza zailI meM citrita hai / " eka bar3e vastra paTTa landana ke myUjiyama meM pradarzita 1. jaiirA, pR0 143 / 2. zaMkaradAna nAhaTA kalA bhavana meM saMgrahIta hai / 3. nAhaTA - rAjasthAna vaibhava, pR0 121 / 4. yaha bIkAnera ke nAhaTA kalA bhavana meM hai / 5. agaracanda nAhaTA ke bIkAnera saMgrahAlaya meM / 6. vahIM para / 7. nAhaTA - rAjasthAna vaibhava, pR0 121 /

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280 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma (kha-4) kASTha phalaka: madhyakAla ke kASTha phalaka rAjasthAna ke grantha bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha nahIM haiM / (kha-5) sacitra vijJapti patra : madhyakAla ke kevala acitrita vijJapti patra prApta hote haiM / (3) uttara madhyakAla : [ka] bhitti citra: 17vIM evaM 18vIM zatAbdI ke bhitti citra anekoM sthAnoM para surakSita haiN| nADaula ke eka jaina mandira meM 1605 I0 meM nirmita eka bhitti citra upalabdha hai|' bIkAnera ke bhAMDAsara jI aura mahAvIra jI mandira meM bhI bhitti citra haiN| rAjasthAna ke aneka jaina mandiroM, upAzrayoM evaM zreSThiyoM kI haveliyoM meM isa kAla ke citra vidyamAna hai, kintu bahuta se bhitti citra kharAba ho gaye aura una para putAI karake naye citra bhI banA diye gaye / una citroM meM tIrthakara kA janmAbhiSeka, samavasaraNa, rathayAtrA, tIrthoM aura jaina mahApuruSoM ke jIvana sambandhI saikar3oM citra pAye jAte haiN| inameM se kucha aitihAsika dRSTi se bar3e mahattva ke haiN| inameM gaur3I pArzvanAtha mandira, sammeda zikhara, AcAryoM, yatiyoM, bhakta zrAvaka Adi ke citra haiM / 3 bIkAnera ke bhAMDAsara mandira ke gumbaja aura nIce kI golAI meM bIkAnera ke vijJapti patra Adi aneka mahattvapUrNa citra haiN| boroM kI serI ke mahAvIra mandira meM bhagavAna ke 27 bhava aura aneka jaina kathAnakoM ke citroM se tInoM ora kI dIvAreM bharI huI haiM / isI prakAra dAdA-bAr3iyoM meM bhI jinadAsa sUri, jina kuzala sUri, jinacandra sari Adi ke jIvana sambandhI anekoM citra dIvAroM para kAphI saMkhyA meM banAye jAte rhe|5 bIkAnera ke sabase prAcIna cintAmaNi mandira kI matI meM dAdAjI kI derI, udarAyasara kI dAdAbAr3I Adi ke bhI kaI bhitti citra hai / / rAjasthAna kI anekoM dAdAbAr3iyoM meM dAdAjI ke jIvana sambandhI citra haiM / 1650 I0 ke lagabhaga banI sirohI ke caumukhA maMdira kI chata bahuta sundara DhaMga se citrita kI gaI 1. rAjasthAna kI laghucitra zailiyA~, pR0 47 / 2. nAhaTA, rAjasthAna vaibhava, pR0 122 / 3. vhii| 4. vhii| 5. vahI 6. vhii| 7. vhii|

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jaina tIrtha : 281 thI, kintu aba isa para saphedI pota dI gaI hai / kevala madhya kA eka phUla una citrita raMgoM kI yAdagAra kA sAkSI hai / " soma-saubhAgya-kAvya" meM Aye ullekha se saMketa milatA hai ki isa kAla meM zreSThiyoM ke AvAsa bhitti citroM se samalaMkRta rahate the / 2 bUndI ke RSabhadeva jaina mandira kI dIvAroM para bUndI zailI ke 17vIM zatAbdI ke sundara citra haiM / eka citra meM neminAtha ke paMca kalyANakoM kA varNana hai / unakI bArAta kA sundara dRzya, hAthI, ghor3e, ratha Adi haiM / bAr3e meM cItkAra karate huye pazu, bArAta kA dvArAcAra karatI huI striyA~, mastaka para svarNa kalaza liye huye haiM / isameM neminAtha va kRSNa donoM kA sundara aMkana hai / neminAtha zaMkha pUrate huye evaM dhanuSa uThAye huye haiM / dUsare citra meM nagara ke vividha prakAra ke dRzya, bUndI rAva kA darabAra, darabArI Adi citrita haiM / ye citra raMga saMyojana, nirUpaNa Adi dRSTiyoM se durgaM sthita citrazAlA ke bhitti citroM ke samakAlIna haiM / ( kha ) laghu citrazailI : ( kha - 1 ) sacitra tAr3apatrIya grantha : 17vIM evaM 18vIM zatAbdI meM kAgaja ke bahuvidha pracalana evaM mudraNa kalA ke prasAra ke kAraNa tAr3apatrIya granthoM kA lekhana evaM citraNa nahIM huA / ( kha - 2 ) sacitra kAgaja grantha : jayapura ke terApaMthI jaina maMdira ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM AcArya jinasena viracita " Adi purANa" kI sacitra prati hai, jo 1606 I0 meM racI gaI / isameM 200 citra haiN| jayapura, maujamAbAda, nAgaura Adi bhaNDAroM meM " yazodhara caritra" kI sacitra pratiyA~ haiM / maujamAbAda kI pratiyA~ puSpadanta aura raidhU kI apabhraMza kRti kI pratilipiyA~ haiM, jabaki anya do bhaNDAroM meM sakala kIrti ke grantha kI pratilipiyA~ haiM / paM0 lUNakaraNa jaina mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM 1731 I0 kI " yazodhara caritra" kI sacitra prati hai, jo lUNakaraNa ne hI citrita karavAI thI isameM 37 citra haiM, jinameM se kucha sampUrNa pRSTha ke AkAra ke aura kucha Adhe pRSTha meM nirmita haiM / jayapura ke paTaudI jaina mandira meM / bhI " yazodhara caritra" kI 27 citroM vAlI prati hai, jo 1706 I0 meM ahamadAbAva meM rAjanagara meM taiyAra huI thI / maujamAbAda meM isa grantha kI tIna haiN| pahalI prati meM 65 citra haiM, dUsarI meM 74 va tIsarI prati meM byAvara ke "ailaka pannAlAla digambara jaina sarasvatI bhavana meM, ahamadAbAda meM rAjapura meM 1712 I0 meM pratilipi ko gaI 73 citroM vAlI " yazodhara caritra" kI prati hai / 1. asAvaM, pR0 193 / -2. somasaubhAgya kAvya, pR0 83 / sacitra pratiyA~ 75 citra haiM /

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282 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma ina vibhinna pratiyoM meM samakAlIna, sAmAjika va dhArmika dazAoM kA bhalIbhA~ti nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| inameM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM, digambara muni, julUsa, carcA, pazu vadha kI paramparA, antaH prAsAdoM ke Amoda-pramoda, vibhinna pazu-pakSI, vRkSa Adi jIvanta rUpa se citrita haiM / hastalikhita granthoM kI tIna pratiyA~ ''RSi maMDala pUjA", "aSTAhnikA jayamAlA" aura "nirvANa maNDala pUjA" jayapura ke eka jaina mandira meM kalAtmaka AvaraNa meM veSThita pAI gaI haiM / sImA alaMkaraNa kI dRSTi se ye bahuta mahattvapUrNa haiM, kyoMki inameM phUla-pattiyoM ke kaI alaMkaraNa haiM, kaI rekhAgaNitIya AkRtiyA~ va galiyoM ke sundara citraNa bhI haiN| nAgaura ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM 1677 I0 kI "gommaTasAra", "kAlikAcArya kathA" tathA "gItA", ye tIna sacitra kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiN| zrI mahAvIrajI ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM 18vIM zatAbdI kI "trilokasAra" va jayapura ke eka jaina mandira meM isI zatAbdI kI "trailokya nAma dIpikA' kI sacitra pratiyA~ haiM / "trailokya nAma dIpikA" meM 10 citra hai, jinameM madhyaloka, mAnastambha, sabhAmaNDapa, jambUdvIpa, kuNDaladvIpa, nandIzvara dvIpa, puSkara dIpa, sumeru parvata, jambU vRkSa tathA kamala ke Upara virAjamAna tIrthakara pradarzita haiN| jayapura ke nikaTa jobanera ke mandira meM 18vIM zatAbdI kI "saMgrahaNI sUtra" kI vastra meM baMdhI eka prati hai / veSTana ke vastra para tinakoM kI kar3hAI se 16 svapnoM kA atIva sundara citraNa hai / grantha meM unnIsa citra haiM, jinameM svarNa paTala, nandIzvara dvIpa, trailokya puruSa, tIrthakara, saptagraha, nArakIya dRzya, indrasenA, yakSAkRtiyA~, jambU dvIpa, lavaNa samudra, indra sabhA, indrajanmotsava, svarga ke vimAna Adi sundara DhaMga se citrita kiye gaye haiM / zatalezyAoM kI tulanA AmravRkSa se kI gaI hai| jaina zAstrokta saMsArI AtmA ke 6 raMgakRSNa, nIla, kapota, padma, zukla aura pIta Adi kA sundara pratIkAtmaka citraNa va nirUpaNa hai| inake atirikta lUNakaraNa jI paMDyA ke mandira meM jvAlA mAlinI, bhairava, padmAvatI, mahA mRtyuJjaya yaMtra Adi kI tAMtrika sacitra pothiyA~ bhI haiN| kucha citra padmaprabhu, kAlikAdevI, narasiMhAvatAra, padmAvatI aura gaNeza ke haiM / kalikuNDa pAva yaMtra, sUrya pratApa yaMtra, tIjA pauhUta yaMtra, vajrapaMjara yaMtra, catuHSaSTha yoginI yaMtra Adi ke bhI citra haiM / isa prakAra ke citra jhAlarApATana aura byAvara meM bhI haiN| ajamera ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAra meM 18vIM zatAbdI kI bAhu kavi racita "AdityavAra kathA" kI sacitra, hindI meM likhita kRti hai, jisameM 25 se adhika citra pUrNataH mugala kalA se prabhAvita haiM / 1789 I0 meM racita eka guTakA, bandI ke AdinAtha mandira ke grantha bhaNDAra meM thA, jisameM 72 citra mugala kalA se prabhAvita, nirmita haiN| muni samayasundara sUri ne 17vIM zatAbdI meM "artha ratnAvalI" nAmaka adbhuta grantha kI racanA kI, jo unhoMne akabara ko bheMTa meM diyaa| isa grantha meM akabara yugIna bhitti citroM tathA dUsare prakAra ke

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jaina kalA : 283 citroM kA bhI varNana hai|' __ isa kAla meM vyakti citra aura pratIka citra bhI hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM banAye jAte rahe / vyakti citroM meM tIrthaMkaroM, AcAryoM, zrAvakoM Adi ke citra ullekhanIya haiN| tIrthakara citroM meM pArzvanAtha kI saptaphaNI hI nahIM, apitu sahasraphaNI citra bhI milate haiM / 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke saMyukta citra arthAt caubIsI bhI banAI jAtI rahI, jinameM se kucha kalA kI dRSTi se bahuta sundara haiM / sirohI kSetra meM bhI aisI darzana-caubIsiyA~ sAdhuoM kI dekharekha meM banAI jAtI thiiN| pratIka citroM meM chala, lezyA, madhu bindu tathA pUjya citroM meM navapadasiddha cakra, RSi maNDala, sarvatobhadra, hrIMkAra Adi ullekhanIya haiN| siddhacakra vAle citra to motiyoM se jar3e huye bhI prApta haiM / pratIka citroM meM hI bhaugolika citra va nArakIya dRzyoM ke citra bhI sammilita haiM / jaina mAnyatAoM kI sacitra jAnakArI sulabha karavAne hetu paMcamerU parvata tIrtha, dvIpa samUhoM Adi ke citra bhI banAye jAte the / granthoM ko surakSita rakhane ke peTI, puThe, dAbar3e Adi para bhI dhArmika viSayoM, phala, bela, maMgalIka Adi citrita kiye jAte haiM / kaI dAbar3e bahuta kalApUrNa haiN| eka kuTTe ke kalamadAna para sundara citrakArI hai / kuTTe, lakar3I kI peTiyoM va paTTiyoM para bhI sundara citraNa hotA thA / 4 isa kAla meM "matheNa" yA "matheraNa" jAti ke kalAkAroM ne jaina kalA kI adbhuta sevA kI hai / "matheraNa' jAti ke citrakAroM ke aneka citra jaina grantha bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha haiN| inakI apanI eka alaga citrazailI bana gaI hai, jisameM caubIsiyA~, rAsa, caupAI evaM caritra kAvyoM ke antargata saikar3oM citra vividha bhAva bhUmi vAle pAye jAte hai / matheraNoM ke atirikta sirohI ke somapurA va gurAsAM tathA jayapura kSetra meM bhI kaI vyAvasAyika citrakAra jAtiyA~ rahI haiM, jinhoMne jaina citrakalA ke saMvarddhana meM atyadhika yogadAna diyA hai| (kha-3) sacitra vastra paTTa : 17vIM va 18vIM zatAbdI ke jaina tIrthoM ke vastra paTTa bhI haiN| zatrujaya tIrtha kA eka bar3A paTTa "nAhaTA saMgrahAlaya, bIkAnera" meM hai|" prAyaH sabhI bar3e mandiroM meM upA zrayoM meM zatrujaya tIrtha ke paTTa pAye jAte haiM, kyoMki caitra kI pUrNimA Adi ke dina, una paTToM ke sAmane tIrthavaMdana karane kI prAcIna jaina paramparA rahI hai / kaI tIrthoM ke. 1. vAcaspati gairolA-bhAratIya citrakalA, pR0 140 / 2. eka prati agaracaMda nAhaTA saMgrahAlaya bIkAnera meM / 3. nAhaTA saMgrahAlaya bIkAnera meM / 4. vahIM pr| 5. vahIM pr|

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284 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma eka sAya bar3e vastra paTTa bhI banate the, jinameM pahAr3I para car3hate tIrthayAtrI, vizrAma karate huye, nRtyarata, pUjana karate huye yA vyavasthA Adi juTAte huye citrita haiN| vibhinna vAdya yaMtra va cavarI dhAraka bhI citrita haiM / __ jayapura meM kharataragacchIya jJAna bhaNDAra meM agaracaMda nAhaTA dvArA, zatrujaya tIrtha ke aitihAsika citraNa kA 1619 I0 kA jaisalamera meM nirmita, eka vastra paTTa khojA gayA hai, jo 23 iMca caur3A va 25 phuTa lambA lipaTA huA hai / isameM pAlItANA nagara pahu~cane se lekara girirAja kI sampUrNa yAtrA kara siddhavaTa taka pahu~cane kA tatkAlIna yAtrA-mArga citrita hai / sarvaprathama, vastra ke nIce dAhinI ora bhaise para pAnI kI pakhAlI liye vApasI ko jAte huye, vApI para panihArine, vApI taTa para mayUra va do bagule, tAr3a va Amra vRkSa, vApI ke sAmane nyAyAlaya bhavana, jisameM andara kAjI, kurAna zarIpha va surAhI, kotavAla, cora va do sipAhI, ghor3A va sAIsa-sapheda pRSThabhUmi meM citrita haiM / lAla raMga kI pRSThabhUmi para dAhinI ora hAthI va vAma pArzva meM azvArohI, khelate huye tIna strI va eka puruSa, bAgha va ghar3I sahita jAdugara, darogA, azva paricAraka, mer3I-Upara kezoM meM bA~dI se kaMghI karavAtI aurata, tIsarI maMjila para eka yugala, nagara, prAcIna parakoTA, burja, gRhastha kA ghara, gAyeM, mInAreM, kuA~ Adi citrita haiM / dAhinI ora hATa, eka upAzraya va vRkSa Adi haiN| upAzraya meM jinarAja sUri va zrAvakAdi haiM / Age lalita sarovara, saMghapati va zrAvakoM ke vividha kArya-kalApa haiN| isase Age yatiyoM va sAdhuoM kA DerA, mAravAr3I mahilAe~ tathA gujarAtI mahilAeM citrita haiM / Age saMgha kA gatimAna dRzya hai| Age chatrI meM caraNa pAdukA va pAsa meM hiMgulAja mAtA kI mUrti, tadanantara kaThina car3hAI kA dRzya, phira koTa va daravAjA tathA andara vApI va mandira citrita haiN| mandira meM jinezvara kI pA~ca pratimAe~ va jinarAja sUri dvArA pratiSThA kiyA jAnA batAyA gayA hai| dAhinI ora ajitanAtha va zAntinAtha ke mandira, Age pA~ca pANDava mandira, phira zikhara se utarane para amaradatta sAdhu va zrAvaka haiM, ahabAdanAtha pratimA, koDiyAla kuMDa, cAmuNDa mandira, caukIdAra, daravAjA va phira vimala vasahi ke zikharAdi haiN| cakrezvarI mandira, kharatara vasahi, kharatara upAsarA, digambara jaina mandira, hu~bar3a deharI bhI citrita haiM / isake bAda vipAnvasahi kA tIsarA koTa puNDarIka svAmI, pausAla, bhIma kuNDa, siddha zilA Adi kA nAmAMkita citraNa hai| maMtra-taMtra Adi ke paTToM kI taraha bhaugolika vastra paTTa bhI nirantara banate rahe haiM, jinameM jambUdvIpa, ar3hAIdvIpa, dvIpasamudroM, lokatattva tathA 14 rAju loka ke manuSyAkAra paTTa vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| inameM se kaI paTTa to bahuta bar3e-bar3e banAye gaye, 1. nAhaTA-rAjasthAna vaibhava, pR0 121 / 2. AkRti 80, pR0 20-24 /

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jaina kalA : 285 jinameM devaloka, manuSya loka, nakaloka tathA dvIpa samudroM ke sAtha-sAtha aneka pazu-pakSiyoM, macchI, magara Adi jalacaroM, devatAoM aura deva vimAnoM Adi ke choTe-choTe saikar3oM citra pAye jAte haiM / isa taraha se jaina bhaugolika mAnyatAoM ko jAnane ke liye ye sacitra elabama se haiN| bIkAnera ke bar3e jJAnabhaNDAra tathA anya rAjasthAna ke jaina bhaNDAroM meM sacitra vastra paTTa kAphI saMkhyA meM prApta haiN| inameM viSaya vastu evaM raMgoM kA vaividhya hai / digambara samAja meM aise vastra paTToM ko "mAMDaNA'' kahate hai, jo Aja bhI aneka prakAra ke banate haiM / inakA pUjA vidhAna bhI pracalita hai / pATaudI jaina mandira, jayapura ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM eka vastra paTTa para citrita hai ki kisa prakAra rAjapUta zAsaka briTena vAsiyoM para nirbhara ho gye| (kha-4) kASTha phalaka : isa kAla ke kASTha phalaka bhI rAjasthAna ke grantha bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha nahIM haiN| (kha-5) sacitra vijJapti patra : sacitra vijJapti patroM meM jahA~gIra ke citrakAra zAlivAhana dvArA citrita vijayasena sUri kA vijJapti patra sabase prAcIna evaM mahattvapUrNa hai| bIkAnera ke bar3e jJAna bhaNDAra meM, bIkAnera kA vijJapti patra, 96 phITa lambA aura aitihAsika tathyoM se bharapUra, citrakalA kA utkRSTa namUnA hai| isa vijJapti patra ne bIkAnera ke bhANDAsara jI ke mandira meM bhitti citra kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA hai, kyoMki vaha isI ke AdhAra para citrita kiyA thaa|2 bIkAnera kA eka dUsarA sacitra vijJapti patra bhI bIkAnera ke bar3e jJAna bhaNDAra meM hai, jo 1744 I0 kA hai| yaha vijJapti patra matheNa akhaya rAya dAsota dvArA citrita aura rAdhanapura ko preSita kiyA gayA thA / sirohI se jinabhakti sUri ko bIkAnera bheje gaye do sacitra vijJapti patra prApta haiM, jisameM se eka bar3e jJAna bhaNDAra meM va dUsarA zrI pUjyajI ke saMgraha meM hai| mahArANA bhImasiMha ke samaya kA udayapura kA sacitra vijJapti patra bhI prApta hai / mer3atA se bhAvanagara, jainAcArya vijaya jinendra sUri ko preSita vijJapti patra bhI sacitra hai|" nAgaura saMgha dvArA sojata meM vijaya jinendra sUri ko 1785 I0 meM preSita vijJapti patra "AzutoSa myUjiyama" meM hai| bar3audA sarakAra ke purAtattva vibhAga dvArA prakAzita 1. AkRti 80, pR0 21 / 2. vhii| 3. vhii| 4. vhii| 5. AkRti 80, pR0 21 /

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286 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma eka grantha meM' 24 vijJapti patroM kA paricaya hai, jisameM se Adhe sacitra haiM / zAhI 'citrakAra zAlivAhana dvArA citrita upayukta vijJapti patroM ke citroM meM sirohI, jodhapura, sojata, dhANI Adi ke vijJapti patroM kA bhI vivaraNa hai| ajImagaMja murzidAbAda ke eka vijJapti patra meM sampUrNa citrAvalI, jayapura nagara kI dI huI hai| 1725 I0 meM eka sacitra patra mani vijayakSamA sUri ko nimantrita karane ke liye sirohI se pATaNa ko preSita kiyA gayA thA isakI lambAI 24 phITa 4 iMca hai| isI prakAra kA eka patra 1791 I0 meM jodhapura se vijaya jainendra ko gujarAta ke Damoho sthAna ko bhejA gayA thaa| yaha 25 phITa 53 iMca lambA tathA 8 iMca caur3A hai| eka anya vijJapti patra 1744 I0 meM mahArANA jorAvara siMha ke zAsanakAla meM bIkAnera se rAdhanapura meM raha rahe jinabhakta sUri ko preSita kiyA gayA thA, jo 9 phITa 7 iMca lambA aura 9 iMca caur3A hai| vijJapti patroM ke citroM meM sAmAnyatayA maMgala kalaza, vAdya yantroM ko bajAtI huI mahilAe~, tIrthaMkara kI mAtAoM ke 14 svapna tathA preSaka nagara ke jaina mandiroM, muniyoM, rAjAoM, bAjAroM Adi kA citraNa kiyA jAtA thaa| inameM jainetara mandira bhI darzAye jAte the| prAcIna itihAsa kI kar3iyA~ jor3ane meM inakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / tatkAlIna nagaroM ke prArUpa, makAna, dukAneM, masjida, upAzraya Adi ke sAtha rAjAoM va zreSThiyoM ke citra kI bhI kama mahattA nahIM hai| nagara-varNanAtmaka aneka gajaleM hindI sAhitya ko * inhIM vijJapti patroM kI dena haiM / niSkarSa evaM vizeSatAeM: sacitra tAr3apatrIya granthoM ko vizeSatAeM : viSaya kI dRSTi se ina granthoM ke citra tIrthaMkaroM, deva-deviyoM, muniyoM va dharmarakSakoM kI AkRtiyoM taka hI prAyaH sImita rahe / citrakAra ke sammukha saMyojana va pRSThabhUmi kI vizeSa samasyA nahIM thii| AkRti kI mudrAe~ sImita evaM rUr3higata haiM / AkRti aMkana rekhAtmaka hai, jisameM triguNAtmaka gaharAI nahIM A skii| raMgoM kA prayoga bhI parimita 1. enzenTa vijJapti patrAja, hIrAnanda zAstrI dvArA sampAdita, 1942 / 2. AkRti 80, pR0 21 / 3. surapata siMha duggar3a ke saMgraha meM / 4. AkRti 80, pR0 21 / . 5. enzenTa vijJapti patrAja, pR0 45 / 6. vahI, pR0 48 / 7. rAbhA, 3, aMka 3-4 /

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jaina kalA : 287 hai, prAyaH bhUmi lAla pakI huI iMToM ke raMga kI tathA AkRtiyoM meM pIle, sindUra jaise lAla, nIle, sapheda tathA kiMcita hare raMga kA upayoga huA hai, kintu 1350 I0 se 1450 I0 taka ke tAr3apatrIya citroM meM, zAstrIya va saundarya kI dRSTi se vaiziSTya dekhA jA sakatA hai| AkRti aMkana adhika sUkSmatara va kauzala se huA hai| yadyapi, viSaya tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana kI ghaTanAe~ hI rahI haiM, kintu unameM vivaraNAtmakatA lAne kA prayAsa dikhalAI detA hai / raMga lepa meM vaicitrya aura vizeSa caTakIlApana AyA hai| isI kAla meM suvarNa raMga kA prayoga prathama bAra dRSTigocara hotA hai, jo musalamAnoM ke sAtha AI IrAnI citrakalA kA prabhAva mAnA jAtA hai| jisake AdhAra para 16vIM zatAbdI meM bhAratIya IrAnI citra-zailI vikasita huii| kucha racanAe~ aisI bhI milatI haiM, jinameM na kevala citroM meM hI svarNa raMga kA pracura prayoga huA hai, apitu samasta lekhana hI svarNima-syAhI se kiyA huA hai| sacitra kAgaja ke granthoM kI vizeSatAeM : kAgaja kA AdhAra milane para citrakalA kI rIti meM kucha vikAsa aura parivartana huA / tAr3apatra meM vistAra kI dRSTi se citrakAra ke hAtha ba~dhe huye the, use do DhAI iMca se caur3A kSetra nahIM mila pAtA thaa| kAgaja para ruci ke anusAra citroM ke bar3e-choTe AkAra nirmANa va sampucana meM suvidhA utpanna ho gii| raMgoM ke cunAva meM bhI vistAra huA / tAr3apatra para raMgoM ko jamAnA kaThina kArya thaa| sone-cAMdI ke raMgoM kA bhI upayoga prArambha huaa| isake pUrva svarNa raMga kA upayoga tUlikA ko thor3A sA Dubokara kevala AbhUSaNoM ke aMkana ke liye kiyA jAtA thaa| isa kAla meM sambhavataH svarNa sulabha rahA, yA dhanikoM kI ruci adhika AkRSTa hone se na kevala citraNa meM, apitu lekhana meM bhI svarNa va rajata syAhiyoM kA pracuratA se prayoga hone lgaa| kaI bAra samasta 'citra bhUmi svarNa lipta kara dI jAne lagI evaM jaina muniyoM ke vastra bhI svarNa raMgita pradarzita kiye jAne lge| sUkSma nirIkSaNa se jJAta hotA hai ki 16vIM zatAbdI taka isa "laghu citraNa vidhi" meM bhitti citraNa paramparA aMza mAtra meM vidyamAna thii| rekhAoM kA prayoga zAstrokta, spaSTa va pravAhAtmaka hai| sirpha raMga va braza ke saMcAlana meM antara AyA hai / ajantA kA citra dharAtala bar3A thA va usakI samasyAeM bhI bhinna thiiN| isa laghu citroM meM rekhA khIMcate samaya va braza ko bilkula bAloM ke pAsa se pakar3akara hathelI va U~galI ke bala para rekhAyeM khIMcanI par3atI thiiN| ataH AkRtiyA~ sapATa taloM vAlI hotI thIM, jinako bA~dhane ke liye loca kI AvazyakatA nahIM thii| eka taraha se yaha "lipi zailI" (keligrAphika) * thI, jisameM kSipratA va aTUTa pravAha chupA thA / 1. hIrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya saM0 meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pR0 369 / 2. coyala, jaisarA, pR0 206 /

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288 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 17vIM zatAbdI se jaina pustaka citroM meM IrAnI tattvoM ke prabhAva se tatkAlIna abhiruci va navIna AvazyakatAoM ke anurUpa kucha parivartana dRSTigata hotA hai / chAyAprakAza va zArIrika gaThana kA abhAva dikhAI detA hai| AkRtiyA~ sapATa va samatala ho gaI, jinameM lAla, nIle, pIle, caTakadAra avidhAtmaka raMga bhare jAne lge| sAre citra ko vibhinna taloM meM vibhakta kara diyA gayA aura manaHsthiti ke anusAra saMyojita kara diyA gyaa| isa prakAra ko abhivyakti meM AkRtiyoM meM yathArtha svarUpa kA atiraMjana yA vighaTana ho gayA, jinameM amUrta citra racanA ke lakSaNa jhalakane lage, jaise ki 7vIM zatAbdI yA 8vIM zatAbdI kI Ayariza kalA, 12vIM zatAbdI kI romana kalA evaM 20vIM zatAbdI kI pikAso kI kalA meM dikhAI detA hai / ' inakI rekhAe~ svatantra, eka-dUsare ko kATatI huI, koNAtmaka tathA vegavatI thiiN| jaise-jaise kalAkAra ko takanIkI adhikAra milane lagA, jaTila AkRtiyA~ bhI eka hI pravAha se yukta aTUTa rekhAoM meM banane lgiiN| viSaya vibhinnatA ke sAtha hI rekhAoM meM bhI vividhatA va golAI Ane lagI / kapar3e jhIne aura pAradarzaka banAye jAne lage, jo taraha-taraha ke belabUToM se susajjita hote the / aMkana meM dhairya bar3hane lagA, AkRtiyoM kA spesa meM ucita sthAna hone lagA tathA ve aura bhI spaSTa hone lgiiN| raMgoM kI zreNiyA~ bar3ha gaIM tathA aba ve adhika saMtulita taloM meM saMyojita hone lge| jaina laghu zailI kI sAmAnya vizeSatAeM : (1) pazcimI bhArata meM utpanna jaina citra zailI nakha, zikha, raMga vidhAna evaM rekhA sauSThava kI dRSTi se rAjasthAnI zailI yA anya kisI bhI citra zailI se bhinna hai / isakA Alekhana ajaMtA kI bauddha zailI ke paryApta nikaTa hai / bhAratIya citroM kA itihAsa ajantA se prArambha hokara dUsarA mor3a isI zailI ke rUpa meM letA hai / jaina zailI kI apanI maryAdA, vizeSatA, cintana dazA evaM mUlya haiN| jaina citra gurjara jAti ke nakha-zikhasauSThava kI eka sUcI sI hamAre sammukha prastuta kara dete haiM, jisameM aisA pratIta hotA hai ki saMbhavataH zaka aura hUNoM kA dala hI videzI vijetAoM kI gurjara sabhA thI, jisakA kAlAntara meM bhAratIyakaraNa ho gayA / 3 gurjara jAti pazcimI rAjasthAna meM bhI phailI huI hai aura rAjasthAna meM prAcIna citroM jaise-AbhUSaNa evaM vastra adyatana pahane jAte haiN| prAcIna gurjara pradeza ke rAjasthAnI kSetra meM, jaina citroM meM pAI jAne vAlI saMskRti hI parilakSita hai| 1. iNDiyana peMTiMgsa, pR05-6 / 2. coyala, jaisarA, pR0 206 / 3. vijayavargIya rAmagopAla-rA0 kI jaina laghu citra zailI, lekha, pR0 35-42 /

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........ .. jaina kalA : 289 (2) maina AkRtiyoM meM kanapaTiyAM caur3I, kAna kI lo bAhara nikalI huI, nAka lambI, sadhI huI, nukIlI aura zuka caMcu ke anurUpa, A~kheM gola aura bar3I hotI thiiN| kAjala kI rekhA kAnoM taka khicI huI tathA AMkheM mukha kI sImA se bAhara nikalI huI hotI thIM / hoMTha patale va eka dUsare se cipake hue, mukha ko rekhA dUra taka phailI huI, kAna lambe va chidrita, cibuka do bhAgoM meM vibhakta yA gola Ama kI guThalI ke samAna, kaNTha meM tIna rekhAe~, kaMdhe caur3e aura uThe hue, bhrU-pradeza milA huA, kaTi kSINa, jeghAe~ bhArI para pA~va nIce se patale hote haiM / keza kaMdhoM taka jhUlate hue, grIvA taka kaTe yA jUr3e ke AkAra meM ba~dhe, jUr3A kabhI sira ke Upara va kabhI pIche, muMLe bArIka, mukha kI rekhA ke pAsa, nIce kI ora laTakI huI, puruSoM kI dAr3hI do bhAgoM meM vibhakta, kezoM meM phUla aura kabhI muMDe hue sira bhI milate haiN| nArI saundarya meM stana atyanta puSTa, paTTikA se baMdhe huye yA kaMcukI, kezoM ke jUr3e baMdhe hue, alakeM kapoloM taka laharAtI huI, jisameM kAle kundana laTakate rahate haiM / kAle kundana pA~voM, hAthoM aura veNI meM bhI hote haiM / cibuka kA nicalA bhAga trikoNAkAra, bharA huA, gaddIdAra nAbhi, pIpala ke patte ke samAna gambhIra udara, kaTi kSINa, mukha trikoNIya, striyoM ke bhra dhanuSa ke samAna aura A~kheM paTolAkSa hotI haiM / hAthoM kI mudrA aMgulI nirdezana yA siMhAsana kI pIThikA para pallavAkAra phailI hotI hai / ' ( 3 ) rAjasthAnI laghu citrazailI kA prArambha inhIM jaina citroM kI paramparA se hotA hai / jaina AkRtiyoM kA tulanAtmaka dRSTi se adhyayana kiye jAne para jJAta hotA hai ki ve IrAniyoM aura uttara pUrva kI barbara jAtiyoM se adhika mela khAtI haiN| inakI kanapaTiyA~ maMgoloM jaisI, dAr3hI-mUMche turkI tAtAroM jaisI evaM kitane hI AlekhanoM meM vezabhUSA bhI TarkI ke anurUpa hI dekhane ko milatI hai / (4) jaina citroM ko saMyojana vidhi sudRr3ha evaM sampUrNa hai| raMgoM kA vibhAjana, unakI sAmUhika zakti va sApekSa saundarya darzanIya hai| viSaya vaividhya kI dRSTi se saMkIrNatA hai / jaina citra abhiprAyoM kI dRSTi se sundara haiM aura aisA pratIta hotA hai ki Adhunika kalAkAroM ne jaina citroM se preraNA lekara hI trikoNavAdI, amUrtavAdI, saMkSepa Alekhana vidhi Adi kitane hI prakAra Adhunika kalA meM vikasita kiye haiM / raMgoM kI pRthak sattA kA saundarya svIkAra karane kI vidyA anya dezoM meM jaina citroM se hI saMkramita huI hai / jaina citroM meM zAstrIya vyAkaraNa kI bhI eka vizeSatA hai, jisake mUla 1. vijayavargIya rAmagopAla-rA0 kI jaina laghu citra zailI, lekha, pR0 35-42 / 2. vahI /

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29. : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma meM jyotiSa zAstra, sAmudrika zAstra, maMtra zAstra tathA taMtra zAstra kI jJAna garimA chipI par3I hai| (5) jaina citroM meM aneka rahasyavAdI tattva chipe rahate haiM udAharaNArtha-deva, dAnava aura mAnavIya AkRtiyoM kA rUpa nirmANa eka niyama ke anusAra hai / satoguNa, rajoguNa aura tamoguNa pradhAna citroM ke apane-apane abhiprAya evaM pratIka haiN| choTI-sI AkRti kA jaina citra sampUrNa pustaka ke samAna hotA hai| indrasabhA, caudaha svapna, janmAbhiSeka, janma mahotsava, zakrastava, paMcamuSTi loMca, pArzvanAtha, kSIra samudra, padma sarovara, pUrNa kalaza, tRSNA, nirvANa, AyaM kAlaka kI kathAe~, rAnI somA, kalpavRkSa evaM vibhinna kathAoM ke kathAnaka jaina citroM ke pramukha viSaya rahe haiM / kadalI, kumbha, toraNa, mayUra, vRSabha, siMha, haMsa, hAthI, kalaza, cAmara, dhvajA, saritA, latA veSTikA, vRkSa, meghamAlA, lar3ate huye vRSabha, kacchapa, vAnara, viDAla, sarpa, zuka, puSpamAlikA, sarovara, ratha, hariNa Adi kA jaina citroM meM pratIkAtmaka Alekhana huA hai / ( 6 ) ina citroM meM mayUra kaNTha ke samAna nIlA, hiMgalU, pIta, sunaharI, rajata Adi raMgoM kA saphala prayoga kiyA gayA hai| inameM 1300 I0 se 1450 I0 taka pIta va raktimalAla pRSThabhUmi, 1450 I0 se 1600 I0 taka lAla aura 1600 I0 se 1800 I0 taka nIlI pRSThabhUmi kA Alekhana vizeSa taura para huA hai / jaina granthoM meM sunahalI, rUpahalI syAhI, aSTagaMdha va yakSa kardama ( yantra, mantra, taMtrAdi lekhana hetu ) va citrakalA ke vividha raMga banAne kI vidhiyA~ bhI likhI huI milatI haiN| sacitra pustaka lekhana meM citra banAne ke lie kAle, lAla, sunahare, rUpahale raMgoM ke atirikta haratAla aura saphedA kA bhI upayoga hotA thA / haratAla aura hiMgalU milAne para nAraMgI raMga, hiMgalU aura saphedA milAne se gulAbI raMga, haratAla aura kAlI syAhI milAkara nIlA raMga banatA thA / hastalikhita granthoM para citra banAne ke lie raMgoM meM goMda kA jala milAyA jAtA thaa| inake atirikta saikar3oM raMga-saMyojana ke prayoga pustakoM meM varNita haiM / lekhana ke bIca meM sthAna isa prakAra chor3A jAtA thA ki svastika, kamala, kalaza Adi citra apane Apa bana jAte the / vastra para citraNa yA lekhana ke liye pahale gehU~ yA cAvala kI leI se chidra banda karake sukhAkara ghuTAI kI jAtI thii| (7) jaina laghu citroM kI rekhAe~ atyanta patalI, samAna, zakti sampanna evaM sAdhanA yukta hotI haiM / isameM ardha candrAkAra rekhAoM kA bAhulya aura megha-malikA ke samAna kSipratA hai| ina rekhA pradhAna zailI vAle citroM meM saMyojana aura gatiyukta, 1. vijayavargIya rAmagopAla-rA0 ko jaina laghu citra zailI, laba pR0 35-42 / 2. vahI / 3. vhii|

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jena kalA : 29 // layAtmaka sauSThava bhI pAyA jAtA hai|' (8) jaina citroM kA Alekhana rAjasthAna meM mukhyataH nAgaura, jAlaura, jodhapura, bIkAnera, cittaur3a, udayapura, jaisalamera, pAlI, kucAmaNa Adi kSetroM meM huA hai| jahA~ bhI jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI sattA thI, vahIM ye citra aura granthAdi nirmita hote rhe| jaina sAdhuoM meM citrAlekhana kI paramparA adyatana jIvita hai| ataH yaha nirvivAda hai ki jaina citra zaMlI, kalA citroM kI zAstrIya paddhati ke anusAra eka svataMtra vidyA hai, jisakI apanI maryAdA aura viziSTa citana paramparA hai| (kha) jaina mUrti kalA: rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma meM mUrti pUjA prAcIna kAla se hI pracalita thii| rAjasthAna meM kaI sthAnoM para azoka ke pautra samprati dvArA nirmita mandira evaM pratimAe~ batAyIjAtI haiM / 8vIM zatAbdI se pUrva kI kaI prAcIna jina mUrtiyAM rAjasthAna meM khojI gaI haiN| 8vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt jaina mUrti kalA kI samRddhi ke paricAyaka vibhinna tIrtha evaM mahattvapUrNa jaina mandira, jaise goDavAr3a pradeza meM nANA, nADalAI, nADaula, ghANerAva, barakANA, sAdar3I, pAlI, jaisalamera meM lodravA, bAr3amera meM nAkor3A jI va jUnA, bIkAnera meM cintAmaNi, naminAtha va bhA~DAsAra, jodhapura meM osiyAM, ghaMghANI, kAparaDA Adi haiN| jaina pratimAoM kI sAmAnya vizeSatAeM : tIrthaMkaroM kI samasta mUrtiyAM do prakAra kI pAI jAtI haiM-khar3I huI arthAt khaDgAsana yA kAyotsarga mudrA evaM dUsarI baiThI huI padmAsana mudraa| samasta mUrtiyAM nagna yA kaupIna sahita, nAsAgra dRSTi, dhyAna mudrA, lAMchanAyukta (jo gupta kAla se pUrva kI mUrtiyoM meM nahIM pAye jAte), vakSasthala para zrI vatsa cihna, hastatala, caraNa tala evaM siMhAsana para dharmacakra yA kuzanIza yA anya cihna pAye jAte haiM / khaDgAsana pratimAoM meM sAmAnya AkAra, yuvA zarIra, nagnatA evaM AjAnubhuja nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai / zarIra ko banAvaSTa yoga siddha hotI hai / mUrti meM bhavyatA, pratiSThA, zAnti, anupAta, saMyama, saumyatA Adi tattva jhalakate haiM tAki bhakta kI kalAtmaka pyAsa bujha sake va sAkAra bimba meM ananta kI kalpanA jAgrata kara sake / jina-bimboM ke sAtha kaI bAra camara vAhaka, yakSa, yakSiNI, mRdaMga vAdaka, mRga, kubera, ambikA, aSTa yA navagraha, aSTa pratihArya Adi bhI aMkita kiye jAte haiM / mUrtiyoM ke Upara kaI bAra chatra bhI banAyA jAtA thaa| pratyeka tIrthakara ko mUrti ke liye spaSTa lAMchanA yA cihna caitya vRkSa, yakSa va yakSiNI jaina mAnyatAnusAra nirdhArita haiN| 1. vijayavargIya rAmagopAla-rA0 kI jaina laghu citra zailI, lekha, pR0 35-42 / 2. triloka prajJapti, 4, 604-605, 916-18, 934-40 ke anusAra /

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292 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM anadharma cila bala gaja azva baMdara cakavA priyaMgu vijaya nadyAvarta arddhacandra makara svastika geMDA brahma kra0saM0 tIrthakara nAma 1. RSabhanAtha 2. ajitanAtha 3. saMbhavanAtha 4. abhinandana 5. sumatinAtha 6. padmaprabhu 7. supArzvanAtha 8. candraprabhu 9. puSpadaMta 10. zItalanAtha 11. zreyAMsanAtha 12. vAsupUjya 13. vimalanAtha 14. anantanAtha 15. dharmanAtha 16. zAMtinAtha 17. kuMthunAtha 18. arahanAtha 19. mallinAtha 20. muni suvrata nAtha 21. naminAtha 22. neminAtha 23. pArzvanAtha 24. mahAvIra bhaiMsA caityavRkSa nyagrodha govadana saptaparNa mahAyakSa zAla trimukha sarala yakSezvara priyaMgu tumbukha mAtaMga zirISa nAgavRkSa ajita akSa (baher3A) dhUli brahmezvara palAza kumAra SaNamukha pATala pAtAla kinnara dadhiparNa kiMpuruSa nandI garur3a tilaka gaMdharva Amra kubera kakelI varuNa campaka bhRkuTi bakula gomedha meSa zRMga pArzva mAtaMga zAla guhyaka taMdU yakSiNI cakrezvarI rohiNI prajJApti vajra zRMkhalA vajrAMkuzA aprati cakrezvarI puruSa dattA manovegA kAlI jvAlA mAlinI mahAkAlI gaurI gAMdhArI vairATI solasA anantamatI mAnasI mahAmAnasI jayA vijayA aparAjitA bahurUpiNI kRSmANDo padmA siddhAyinI pIpala zUkara sehI vajra hariNa chANa tagarakusuma kalaza kUrma utpala zaMkha sarpa siMha dhava pratimAoM ke prabhAvalaya bhI dekhane ko milate haiN| do tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ vizeSa lakSaNa yukta pAI jAtI haiM, jaise-AdinAtha ke keza kaMdhoM taka bikhare huye aura pArzvanAtha kI saptaphaNI, navaphaNI yA sahastraphaNI mUrtiyA~ / jina-mUrtiyA~ vividha raMgoM ke pASANa, kASTha va dhAtu kI DhalAI meM svarNa, rajata, tAmra, kAMsya, pItala Adi kI milatI haiM / paMca dhAtu, sarva dhAtu ke atirikta aSTa dhAtu pratimAe~ bhI nirmita hotI thiiN| hIre va panne kI mUrtiyA~ bhI pAI jAtI haiM, kintu bahumUlya hone ke kAraNa sArvajanika nahIM hotI haiM / dhAtu pratimAe~ cAra prakAra kI ho sakatI haiM

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jaina kalA : 293 1. kendra meM kevala eka dhyAnAvasthita padmAsana mUrti-eka tIrthI, 2. kendra meM dhyAnastha mUrti evaM donoM tarapha do khar3I jina mUrtiyA~-tritIrthI, 3. bIca meM mUlanAyaka-ubhayapakSa do khar3e huye jina va unake Upara do padmAsanastha jina-paMcatIrthI, 4. bIca meM dhyAnamagna jina, ubhayapakSa meM do khaDgAsana jina tathA parikara meM yA Upara anya ikkIsa padmAsanastha jina-catuvizatIrthI yA caubiisii| prAyaH cAra tIrthaMkaroM vAlI sarvatobhadra mUrtiyA~ bhI pAI jAtI haiN| pratimAoM ke parikara meM gajAbhiSeka, gaMdharva Adi tathA pIThAsana para siMha, gaja, dharmacakra evaM nIce zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM tathA navagrahoM ke liye sthAna hotA hai| vibhinna pratimAoM ke atirikta nandIzvara dvIpa, siddha pratimA, bAvana caityAlaya pratimA, aSTa kamalAkAra pratimA Adi bhI dhAtu nirmita hotI haiM / (1) pUrva madhyakAla : 8vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva va guptakAla se hI rAjasthAna meM prastara evaM dhAtu pratimAe~ upalabdha hone lgiiN| (ka) prastara pratimAe~: bharatapura kSetra meM jabInA se prApta sambhavataH cauthI zatAbdI kI eka sarvatobhadra AdinAtha digambara kI mUrti prApta huI hai, jisameM samavasaraNa vidhi ke jaTAdhArI AdinAtha ko cAroM ora pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra 8vIM, 9vIM zatAbdI kI pAre va patthara ko ukera kara banAI gaI kubera kI mUrti bhI vilakSaNa hai / isameM kumbhodara kubera ke pIche gaja vAhana, unake dAhine hAtha meM bijauri phala, bAyeM hAtha meM nauli va zorSa mukuTa ke bIca laghu jinAkRti va usake bhI Upara eka anya laghu tIrthakara AkRti se isake jaina mUrti hone kI puSTi hotI hai / bharatapura kSetra meM jabInA se hI 2 phITa 4 iMca U~cI neminAtha pratimA baddhapadmAMjalI mudrA meM milI hai, jo guptakAlIna kalA paramparA kI hai| nAgaura jile meM khIMvasara se prApta 10vI, 11vIM zatAbdI kI mahAvIra kI yaha vizAlakAya prastara pratimA alaukika hai| mUrti ke sira para mukuTa va zarIra para anya AbhUSaNa Adi haiM, jo jIvanta svAmI svarUpa ke pratIka haiN|" isa para laghu lekha bhI utkIrNa hai, "vIraNA cAlukya syA kaarit"| aisI hI eka prastara mUrti sirohI ke jinAlaya meM garbhagRha ke 1. bharatapura saMgrahAlaya meM / 2. pratApa saMgrahAlaya, udayapura / 3. jaisarA, pR0 189 / 4. jodhapura saMgrahAlaya meM / 5. jaisarA, pR0 190 /

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294 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma bAhara vidyamAna hai| isake atirikta Ahar3a (udayapura), osiyA (jodhapura) evaM sevAr3I (pAlI) ke mandiroM meM bhI isI prakAra kI 10vIM-11vIM zatAbdI kI mUrtiyAM vidyamAna haiN| osiyA ke mahAvIra mandira meM jIvanta svAmI kI tIna khaNDita pratimAe~ milI haiM, jinameM se eka para 11vIM zatAbdI kA lekha hai| mahAvIra kI eka sundara pratimA kA nirmANa paramAra kRSNarAja ke rAjatva meM 967 I0 meM veSThika kula ke varddhamAna nAmaka vyakti ne varakANA meM kiyA thaa| pratimA kA zilpakAra narAditya thA / anya tIrthaMkaroM kI bhI aneka pratimAe~ vibhinna sthAnoM para nirmita hii| pilAnI ke nikaTa narahada (narabhaTa) se prApta kAyotsarga mudrA meM sumatinAtha tathA neminAtha kI bhavya pratimAe~ prApta huI haiM, jinakI pAdapIThikA para cakra va zaMkha utkIrNa haiN| ye guptottarayugIna mUrtiyA~ haiM / jaina pratimAe~ apanI vizAlatA ke liye bhI prasiddha rhiiN| alavara kSetra meM pArAnagara ke nikaTa jaina mandira ke bhagnAvazeSoM se pArzvanAtha kI 16 phITa U~cI pratimA prApta huI hai, jo "navagajA" nAma se prasiddha hai aura 9vIM zatAbdI kI anupama kalA mUrti hai / bharatapura saMgrahAlaya meM aneka lekha yukta jaina pratimAeM haiM, jinameM pArzvanAtha kI baddenA se prApta 1020 I0 kI, bhusAvara se prApta neminAtha kI 1052 I0 kI va 1053 I0 kI mUrtiyA~ ullekhanIya haiN| __ nA~diyA ke jaina mandira meM mahAvIra kI mUrti apane parikara ke kalAtmaka pariveza tathA adbhuta rUpa se khude haye toraNoM ke kAraNa mUrtikalA kA zreSTha namUnA hai|" narainA meM pAI gaI 10vIM zatAbdI kI jina pratimAe~ abhilekha sahita haiN| sahastrakUTa caityAlaya kI eka utkRSTa pratimA hai, jo vargAkAra hai aura isake pratyeka kone meM 27 ke samUha meM kula 108 pratimAeM haiN|6 alavara pradeza meM 11vIM zatAbdI kI 24 phITa U~cI vizAla jaina pratimA bhaMgura nAmaka grAma se khojI gaI hai| alavara meM hI bahAdurapura meM bagholA nadI ke taTa ke nikaTa eka vaTa vRkSa ke nIce khaDgAsana mudrA meM tIna nagna AkRtiyA~ pAI gaI haiN| alavara meM hI pArAnagara meM 13 phITa 9 iMca U~cI eka vizAla pratimA, jisake 1. jaisarA, pR0 190 / 2. mAruti nandana prasAda tivArI, jaisibhA, 1974 / 3. vInismA, pR0 2-33 / 4. vahI, pR0 2-30 / 5. asAve, pR0 41 / 6. jaiirA, pR0 132 / 7. hisTrI oNpha iMDiyana aiMDa IsTarna ArkiTekcara, pR0 250 / 8. Asari, 20, pR0 115 /

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jaina kalA : 295 sira para DhAI phITa kA do hAthiyoM para TikA haA chatra hai, pAI gaI hai| koTA kSetra ke zeragar3ha meM 11vIM zatAbdI kI eka rAjapUta saradAra dvArA banavAI gaI tIna vizAla pratimAe~ pAI gaI haiM / 2 12vIM zatAbdI kI kucha pratimAe~ sAMgAnera, bagherA, mAroTha, sirohI aura cittaur3a kSetroM meM pAI gaI haiN| (kha) dhAtu pratimAe~: jaina matiyoM ke kalAtmaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se dhAtu mUrtiyAM bahuta mahattvapUrNa haiN| dhAtu mUrtiyoM meM jitanA vaividhya hai, utanA pASANa mUrtiyoM meM nhiiN| dhAtu mUrtiyA~ lAne, le jAne meM AsAna, kama lAgata kI va adhika samaya taka surakSita rakhI jA sakatI haiM / ina para abhilekha bhI AsAnI se khode jA sakate haiM / akabara dvArA sammAnita mahAkavi samayasundara ne 1605 I0 meM racita "ghaMghANI tIrtha stavana" dhuMdhalA tAlAba ke nikaTa se 65 pratimAoM kA prApta honA batAyA hai aura yaha bhI ullekha kiyA hai ki samprati ne Arya suhastI se vIra saMvat 203 meM svarNa pratimA kI pratiSThA karavAI thii| ye mUrtiyA~ prApta nahIM hai, kintu 8vIM zatAbdI se pUrva dhAtu mUrtiyoM kA astitva meM honA siddha hotA hai / dhAtu mUrtiyoM meM prAcInatama do tritIthiyA~ haiM, jo pArzvanAtha kI padmAsana mUrtiyAM haiM, inameM se eka para 669 I0 va dUsarI para 699 I0 ke lekha haiN| ye dhAtu pratimAe~ pazcimI bhArata kI sarva prAcIna dhAtu pratimAe~ haiN| jaina saMrakSaNa meM ajJAta kalAkAroM ne dhAtu mizraNa, DhalAI evaM bimba santulana meM apUrva saundarya bodha kA paricaya diyA hai| inameM madhya bhAga meM padmAsanastha mUlanAyaka bimba, ubhayapakSa meM do khar3e jina, do vidyAdeviyA~, do baiThe huye yakSa-yakSiNI, Upara gajAbhiSeka va nIce pITha para eka ratnajar3ita siMhAsana hai, jisameM siMha evaM hAthiyoM kA nidarzana tathA navagrahoM kA svarUpa citraNa hai| isa prakAra kI zailI 18vIM zatAbdI taka kI dhAtu pratimAoM kA pratimAna bnii| ye pratimAeM paMca dhAtu kI DhalI huI haiM, inameM cAMdI evaM tA~be kI jar3AI kI anupama chaTA hai| ___ basantagar3ha se prApta 687 I0 kI 4 phuTa U~cI, do khaDgAsana savastra pratimAeM dhAtu mUrtikalA meM nayA adhyAya jor3atI hai| inameM gAMdhAra zailI kI buddha pratimAoM kI taraha kA pahanAvA dikhAyA gayA hai / ina pratimAoM se pUrvavartI, vallabhI se prApta pA~ca savastra dhAtu pratimAe~, bambaI ke priMsa oNpha velsa saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai, para inameM dhotI kA vaisA spaSTa pradarzana nahIM ho pAyA hai, jaisA ki ina do pratimAoM meN| mUrtiyoM para lekha hai ki sAkSAt brahmA kI taraha sarva prakAra ke rUpoM ko banAne vAle zilpI zivanAga ne ye jina 1. Asari, 20, pR0 125 / 2. koTA rAjya kA itihAsa, pR0 125 / 3. asAve, pR0 42 /

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296 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma bimba banAye haiM / mUrtiyoM kA mastaka dhuMgharAle bAloM se bharA huA hai| mUrtiyoM ke kandhoM para jaTAeM, mUla rUpa se eka hote huye bhI Age jAkara tIna bhAgoM meM ba~Ta jAne se, havA meM laharAne kA sA dRzya upasthita karatI haiN| ye mUrtiyA~ polI haiM evaM lAkha jaise padArthoM se bharI haiN| 11vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt kI basantagar3ha zailI kI dhAtu pratimAoM kA sabase bar3A saMgraha sirohI kI jaina mandira galI kA jaina purAtatva mandira hai, jisameM lagabhaga 700 dhAtu pratimAeM saMgrahIta haiN| ye mUrtiyA~ 1834 I0 meM AdIzvara mandira kI sumatinAtha deharI ke garbhagRha se nikalI thiiN| ye dhAtu pratimAe~ 10vIM zatAbdI se lekara 16vIM zatAbdI taka kI hai / 1972 I0 meM inakI saMkhyA 540 thI, jisameM 10vIM zatAbdI kI eka, 11vIM zatAbdI kI 20, 12vIM kI 61, 13vIM kI 86, 14vIM kI 182, 15vIM kI 183 aura 16vIM zatAbdI kI 7 pratimAe~ thiiN|2 rAjasthAna meM jaina dhAtu mUrtiyA~ vizAla saMkhyA meM prApta haiM / sambhavataH ye 8vIM zatAbdI se anavarata rUpa se nirmita hotI rhiiN| sirohI ke basantagar3ha aura ajArI, mAravAr3a ke sAMcaura, parvatasara, jAlaura, rAmasena, sivANA aura bIkAnera ke amarasara va cintAmaNi mandira kI dhAtu mUrtiyA~, jaisalamera ke kile va lodravA meM surakSita dhAtu mUrtiyA~, jayapura meM Amera va sA~gAnera ke jaina mandiroM meM surakSita dhAtu pratimAe~, samRddha kalA kI paricAyaka haiN| bIkAnera saMgrahAlaya meM amarasara se prApta 14 dhAtu mUrtiyA~ pradarzita haiM, jinameM se 9 abhilekha yukta va 6 kalAyukta haiM, jisake anusAra ye 1006 I0 se 1093 I0 ke madhya kI haiM / ye mUrtiyA~ tIrthaMkaroM kI eka-tIrthI, tritIrthI va paMcatIrthI mUrtiyA~ haiM, jinameM AdinAtha va pArzvanAtha pramukha haiN| eka dhAtu mUrti catumukha samavasaraNa ko hai, jo 1079 I0 ke lekha yukta aura 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke nAmAMkana sahita hai| sAMcaura se padmAsanastha AdinAtha kI 8vIM zatAbdI kI mahattvapUrNa dhAtu mUrti prApta huI hai / parvatasara se prApta dhAtu mUrtiyoM meM se eka 1177 I0 kI bhI hai| bIkAnera ke cintAmaNi mandira aura mahAvIra mandira ke talagaha meM 1350 mUrtiyA~ eka sAtha dekhane ko milatI haiN| inameM se cintAmaNi mandira meM 1100 pratimAe~ haiM, jinameM se 1050 pratimAe~ 1578. I0 meM turAsAnakhAna dvArA sirohI se lUTa kara le jAI gaI thIM va samrATa akabara se 1. asAvai, pR0 43 / 2. vahI, pR0 44 / 3. vInismA, pR0 2-32 / 4. vhii| 5. vahI /

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baina kalA : 297 1582 I0 meM mahArANA rAyasiMha va maMtrI karmacandra ke prayAsoM se bIkAnera meM punaH AI thiiN| ina mUrtiyoM meM kAMsya, pItala aura tA~be kI kaI vilakSaNa mUrtiyA~ haiM aura kucha 9vIM se 12vIM zatAbdI ke madhya kI bhI haiN| pUrva madhyakAlIna dhAtu pratimAoM meM yakSoM, gandharvo evaM cAmara-dhAriyoM ke svarUpoM meM kalAtmakatA hai| pratimAoM ke mastaka para ghugharAle bAloM kA kezoraNAoM ke rUpa meM pradarzana hai / ina pratimAoM meM ca~vara ko dhAriyoM, gajAbhiSeka ke alaMkaraNa, pIThAsIna ke cA~dI-tAMboM ke jar3Ava spaSTa dikhAI dete haiN| parikara evaM usakI pratyeka vastu kA aMkana kalAtmaka hotA thA / basantagar3ha va piMDavADA mandira meM saMgrahIta dhAtu pratimAe~, sirohI ke purAtatva mandira kI dhAtu pratimAe~ evaM kRSNa gaMja mandira kI Der3ha phITa kI saparikara dhAtu pratimA inake acche udAharaNa haiN| ina sabameM A~kheM bar3I, khulI evaM nukIlI batAI gaI haiN| apekSAkRta adhika sone cAMdI ke prayoga ke kAraNa inakI camaka meM eka AkarSaNa hai| (2) madhyakAla : (ka) prastara pratimAeM 12vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt kI prastara pratimAe adhika sundara to nahIM haiM, phira bhI kucha, kalAtmaka dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiM / nAgadA ke adbhudajI ke jaina mandira meM zAMtinAtha kI 10 phITa U~cI eka padmAsana pratimA hai / vizAla AkAra, saundarya aura zilpa ko dRSTi se yaha pratimA isa kSetra meM eka mAtra evaM adbhuta hone ke kAraNa, isa tIrtha kA nAma hI adbhudajI ho gyaa| pratimA lekha ke anusAra 1473 I0 meM mahArANA kumbhA ke zAsanakAla meM sAraMga ne isa mUrti ko banAyA thaa| jayapura ke eka jaina maMdira meM do utkRSTa caubIsI pratimAeM sapheda saMgamaramara para nirmita haiM, jina para navagraha, indra, apsarAyeM Adi sundaratA pUrvaka ukere gaye haiN|' isa kAla meM asaMkhya prastara pratimAeM nirmita huIM aura rAjasthAna ke vibhinna jaina mandiroM meM pratiSThita haiM / ye mUrtiyA~ vibhinna prakAra ke prenAiTa, bAlukAmaya evaM raMga-biraMge saMgamaramara ke pASANoM para utkIrNa milatI haiN| ekatIrthI mUrtiyoM ke atirikta pASANa meM hI nirmita tritIthiyoM, paMcatIthiyoM evaM caubIsiyoM kI saMkhyA bhI vipula hai| rAjasthAna ke prAyaH sabhI jaina mandiroM meM madhyakAlIna ekAdhika mUrtiyA~ dekhane ko milatI haiM, jina para 12vIM zatAbdI se 16vIM zatAbdI ke lekhoM meM AcAryoM, pratiSThA-kAroM, zrAvakoM, unakI jAti, gaccha, parivAra Adi kA bhI varNana hotA hai| 1. vonismA, pR0 2-34 / 2. nAjailesa, pralesa evaM zrIjaipralesa Adi /

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298 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma (kha) dhAtu pratimAe~ : madhyakAla kI dhAtu pratimAoM meM, basaMtagar3ha zailI kI dhAtu pratimAoM ke nidarzana kI dRSTi se, AbU ke pittalahara mandira evaM acalagar3ha ke mandira kI dhAtu pratimAoM kA bahuta mahattva hai, jo pUrva madhyakAla kI tulanA meM aba vajana aura vizAlatA kI ora bar3hatI dikhAI detI haiM / pittalahara mandira kI 108 mana vajana vAlI 8 phuTa lambI va 4 phuTa caur3I saparikara dhAtu pratimA isakA pramANa hai, jo depAka nAmaka zilpI ke dvArA DhAlI gaI thI / yaha mUrti 1468 I0 meM maMtrI gadA ne pratiSThita kI thI / isa kAla kI dUsarI prasiddha dhAtu pratimA 1507 I0 meM pratiSThita RSabhadeva kI hai, jise vAchA ke putra depA aura haradAsa ne DhAlA thA / DUMgarapura ke dhAtu kalAkAroM dvArA 1469 I0 se 1469 I0 ke madhya DhAlI gaI, isa mandira meM 12 mUrtiyA~ haiM, jinakA vajana 1444 mana hai / ina dhAtu pratimAoM ke vizAla parikara meM yakSa, gandharva, vidyAdeviyoM tathA navagrahAdi kA aMkana bahuta spaSTa hai / isI kAla kI 1440 I0 kI bhaTTAraka sakala kIrti dvArA pratiSThita eka paMcatIrthI kAlaMdarI ke zAntinAtha mandira meM vidyamAna hai / sirohI ke jaina purAtatva mandira meM 13vIM zatAbdI se 16vIM zatAbdI taka kI 458 dhAtu pratimAe~ haiM | bIkAnera ke ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAtha mandira meM bhI ina zatAbdiyoM kI kaI mUrtiyA~ haiM / madhyakAla kI aneka caubI siyA~, paMcatIthiyA~, tritithiyA~ va ekatIrthiyA~ rAjasthAna ke vibhinna mandiroM meM vizAla saMkhyA meM upalabdha haiM / " ina zatAbdiyoM kI dhAtu pratimAoM meM adhikAMza meM cA~dI va zuddha tAmbe kA jar3Ava chor3a diyA gayA hai / netroM va kAnoM kI vizAlatA meM kamI AI hai / parikara kI sajAvaTa evaM alaMkaraNa meM kalAtmakatA kA mAtra Avazyaka aMkana hI dikhAI detA hai / ( 3 ) uttara madhyakAla : (ka) prastara pratimAe~ : 17vIM evaM 18vIM zatAbdI meM saMgamaramara ko vividha raMgoM meM tathA sthAnIya upalabdha pASANoM kI aneka mUrtiyA~ nirmita huI haiM, jo rAjasthAna ke sabhI jaina mandiroM meM upalabdha haiM / ina prastara pratimAoM meM koI kalAtmaka vaiziSTya nahIM dikhAI detA, apitu prastara kalA evaM utkIrNana kA hrAsa hI dRSTigocara hotA hai / yadyapi mUrtiyoM kA anupAta, tAla va aMga-sauSThava sAnupAtika hai, phira bhI ye mUrtiyA~ vaha bhavya chApa nahIM 3 1. asAve, pR0 45 / 2. dekheM nAjailesa, pralesa, zrIjaipralesa Adi / 3. vahI /

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jena kalA : 299 chor3atIM, jo pUrvaM madhyakAlIna mUrtiyoM kI sAtvikatA meM hai / vastutaH isa kAla meM mUrti kalA kA svAntaH sukhAya pakSa kama ho gayA aura vyAvasAyika rUpa meM pracalana meM rahA (kha) dhAtu pratimAe~ : 1603 I0 meM sirohI ke ajitanAtha mandira meM ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAtha kI 13 x 13 phITa kI pratimA isa kAla kI badalatI kalAtmakatA ko sUcita karatI hai / cU~ki isa kAla meM AbU meM topoM kI nAloM kI DhalAI bhI hotI thI, ataH dhAtu pratimAoM meM vyAvasAyikatA kA praveza ho gayA tathA DhalAI meM ekarUpatA nahIM rahI / isa kAla kI mUrtiyoM meM U~cAI, caur3AI va vajana kA saMtulana bhI bhinna-bhinna dikhAI detA hai / kalA kI dRSTi se ina mUrtiyoM kA vizeSa mahattva nahIM hai, phira bhI prApta lekhoM ke anusAra inakI saMkhyA vizAla hai / ' tIrthaMkaretara mUrtiyA~ : 1. devI-devatA : tIrthaMkaroM ke atirikta jaina loga anya kaI devI- devatAoM, jaise - sarasvatI, ambikA, padmAvatI Adi ko bhI pUjya mAnate the / hindU devI-devatAoM se pArthakya darzAne ke lie, inheM tIrthakaroM ke sAtha hI citrita kiyA jAtA thA / sAmAnyatayA inake mukuTa para usa tIrthaMkara kI mUrti utkIrNa hotI hai, jinase ki ve sambaddha hote haiM / inakI zilpa yojanA va nirmANa meM zAstrIya siddhAntoM kI anupAlanA ke sAtha-sAtha kalAtmakatA bhI hai / ye utkRSTa kalAnaipuNya, saMtulana, anupAta aura abhivyakti kI prakharatA ko udghATita karatI haiM / 2 sarasvatI. : sarasvatI kI pratimAoM ke tIna prakAra haiM- do bhujAoM vAlI, caturbhujI evaM bahubhujI | isake pRthak lakSaNa- pustaka, haMsa yA kabhI vAhana ke rUpa meM mayUra haiM / sirohI rAjya meM piMDavAr3A ke jaina maMdira se 7vIM yA dhvIM zatAbdI kI sarasvatI kI eka sundara dhAtu pratimA prApta huI hai, jo kamalArUr3ha hai / bAyeM hAtha meM pustaka va dAyeM hAtha meM kamala hai / rAjapUtAnA myUjiyama meM kAle patthara kI sundara sarasvatI pratimA bA~savAr3A ke aNA grAma se prApta kI gaI hai / yaha caturbhujI hai, jinameM vINA, pustaka, kamala Adi haiN| devI ke mukuTa para jina kA choTA cihna aMkita hai / narainA se 1045 I0 meM prApta sarasvatI pratimA kalAtmaka bhavyatA se sampanna hai / ajamera meM ajArI ke jaina mandira se, lAI gaI eka sundara pratimA hai / acalagar3ha meM eka choTI sarasvatI mUrti hAthoM meM vINA, 2 1. dekheM nAjailesa, pralesa, zrIjaipralesa Adi / 2. proriAsavesa, 1905-06, pR0 48

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300 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadhamaM " pustaka, kamaMDala Adi liye hue hai| bayAnA ke nikaTa eka khaNDita pratimA prApta huI hai, jo mora para virAjita hai / kucha samaya pUrva hI lADanUM ke digambara jaina mandira se jaina sarasvatI kI eka anya bhavya mUrti jJAta huI hai, isakI pAdapIThikA para utkIrNa 1162 I0 ke lekhAnusAra zreSThI vAsudeva kI patnI AzA devI ne isakI pratiSThA ananta kIrti dvArA karavAI thI / " bIkAnera kSetra meM pallU se prApta sundara sarasvatI pratimA pUrva madhyakAlIna bhAratIya zailI kA adbhuta namUnA hai / yaha caturbhujI evaM varada mudrA meM hai / 3. ambikA : prathama tIrthaMkara AdinAtha se sambaddha AnuSAMgika devI ambikA prArambha se hI pUjya rahI haiM / sAmAnyataH inake hAtha meM eka bAlaka dikhAI detA hai / sAdar3I ke eka jaina mandira meM 10vIM zatAbdI kI ambikA kI eka pItala kI mUrti hai, jisake bAyeM hAtha meM baccA va dAyeM hAtha meM Amralumbi hai / morakhAnoM meM susANI mandira meM ambikA kI eka siMhArUr3ha 12vIM zatAbdI kI pratimA hai / yaha mUrti zilpa kalA kA utkRSTa namUnA hai, jo ambikA kI jaina pratimAoM se kAphI sAmya rakhatA hai / bagherA ke jaina mandira meM 12vIM zatAbdI kI ambikA kI prastara mUrti hai / narainA ke jaina mandira meM siMhArUr3ha devI kI tIna jaina pratimAe~ kalAtmaka abhivyakti liye huye haiM / jayapura meM lUNakaraNajI ke maMdira meM 14vIM zatAbdI kI ambikA kI sundara siMhArUr3ha dhAtu pratimA hai / 4. padmAvatI : padmAvatI pArzvanAtha kI AnuSAMgika yakSiNI hai / bagherA meM 12vIM zatAbdI kI padmAvatI kI prastara pratimAe~ prApta haiM / jayapura meM siramauriyAjI ke mandira meM 1594 I0 kI eka pratimA hai, jisake donoM hAthoM meM eka-eka baccA hai va Upara pArzvanAtha kA bimba aMkita hai / lUNakaraNajI ke mandira meM padmAvatI kI zAnta evaM saumya svarUpa vAlI caturbhujI prastara pratimA hai / 5. anya yakSiyA~ : AnuSAMgika yakSiNiyoM mandira meM "brahmANI" rAjasthAna ke vibhinna jaina mandiroM meM anya kI pratimAe~ bhI dekhane ko milatI haiM / bagherA ke kI eka prastara pratimA hai / jayapura ke lUNakaraNajI ke devI kI pratimA hai, jo aSTabhujI hai / isake bA~ye cAra tathA kulhAr3I va dAhine hAthoM meM zaMkha, cakra Adi haiM / sambhavataH yaha tAntrika devI mUrti, mandira meM bhaiMse para AsIna eka hAthoM meM talavAra, dhanuSa, tIra mahiSAsura mardinI kI hai / 1. vInismA, pR0 2-33 / tIrthakaroM kI mahAvIra jaina

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6. cakrezvarI : vaiSNavI kA hI dUsarA nAma cakrezvarI batAyA jAtA hai / cakrezvarI ko vidyAdeviyoM meM sthAna prApta hone ke kAraNa jaina-mUrti vijJAna meM inako mahattvapUrNa evaM viziSTaH lokapriyatA prApta huI aura unakA aMkana mandiroM meM Avazyaka ho gayA / osiyA, ghANerAva, sevAr3I, Ahar3a Adi ke mahAvIra mandira meM inakA sundara citraNa kiyA huA hai / 1974 I0 meM bharatapura ke pAsa kumhera meM cakrezvarI kI bhavya mUrti milI hai, jo tahasIla kAryAlaya meM surakSita hai / pena kalA : 306 7. saccikA devI : osiyA meM sacciyA mAtA mandira meM pUjita pratimA mahiSa mardinI kI hI hai / isa mandira meM 1177 I0 tathA 1179 I0 ke lekha vidyamAna haiM / ina abhilekhoM meM mandira ko kramazaH " saccikA devI prAsAda" evaM "zrI saccikA devI devagRha" kI saMjJA dI gaI hai / 1177 I0 ke lekha meM sAdhu mAlhA dvArA Atma zreyArtha, isa mandira ke jaMghA para, candrikA zItalA saccikA kSemaMkarI, kSetrapAla kI pratimA banAne kA ullekha hai / isI sthala ke eka anya abhilekha meM ratnaprabha sUri dvArA cAmuNDA ko sacciyA rUpa meM parivartita karane kA ullekha hai / yaha lekha 1597 I0 kA hai| jodhapura saMgrahAlaya meM kher3A mahiSa mardinI kA nicalA bhAga surakSita hai / isake 1180 I0 ke lekha meM varNita hai ki gaNinI caraNa matyA dvArA saccikA devI kI isa pratimA kI pratiSThA, kaku ( kakka sUri ) ke dvArA karavAI gaI / jUnA meM bhI sacciyA mAtA kA mandira hai / isameM bhI ukta Azaya va san kA abhilekha hai / prApta 8. marudevI : rAjasthAna meM tIrthaMkaroM kI mAtAoM kI pratimAe~ bhI pAI gaI haiM / jaisalamera meM. RSabhadeva ke mandira meM devakaraNa ke zAsanakAla meM marUdevI kI eka pratimA 1497 I0 meM banavAI gaI thI / marudevI kI eka gajArUr3ha pratimA ghuvela grAma ke kesariyAnAtha mandira meM bhI hai / 9. yakSa : tIrthaMkaroM ke atirikta devatAoM kI mUrtiyoM meM yakSa mahattvapUrNa haiM / jayapura meM lUNakaraNajI paMDyA ke jaina mandira meM 18vIM zatAbdI kI banI huI, kabUtara para baiThI huI, bA~yeM hAtha meM kulhAr3I va dAhine meM mAlA liye huye eka deva mUrti hai, usake hAthoM meM cUr3iyA~ va kAnoM meM bAliyA~ haiM / sira para mukuTa hai / ukta maMdira meM hI gajArUr3ha va karabaddha eka anya deva kI mUrti bhI hai / yaha bhI usI kAla kI hai / ye mUrtiyA~ yakSoM kI hI haiM / 1, vInismA, pR0 2-32 /

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302 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jenadhamaM kubera : jaina kubera kI pratihArakAlIna pratimA mevAr3a ke bA~sI grAma se prApta huI hai, jo udayapura saMgrahAlaya meM hai / samakAlIna jaina sAhitya dvArA bhI rAjasthAna meM yakSa pUjana spaSTa hai / haribhadra sUri dvArA 8vIM zatAbdI meM racita "samarAiccakahA" meM yakSa dhanadeva yA kubera kA ullekha hai / udyotana sUri dvArA 778 I0 meM racita " kuvalayamAlA kahA " "meM jainoM dvArA pUjita kubera pratimA kA saMketa hai / jaina dhAtu pratimAoM para kubera, ambikA va navagraha kA prAyaH aMkana milatA hai / - 11 AcAryoM kI mUrtiyA~ : AcAryoM kI pAdukAeM to prAyaH sabhI mandiroM meM pUjya rUpa meM milatI haiM / kaI jainAcAryoM kI mUrtiyAM bhI rAjasthAna meM pUjita haiM / mevAr3a meM delavAr3A meM 1429 I0 kI jinaratna sUri, jinavardhana sUri aura droNAcArya kI tathA 1412 I0 kI jinarAja sUri aura jinavardhana sUri AcAryoM kI pratimAe~ pAI gaI haiM / jayapura kSetra meM mAlapurA meM 14vIM zatAbdI kI jinakuzala sUri kI eka aisI hI pratimA prApta hai / dhuleva ke kesariyAnAtha mandira meM 1699 I0 kI vijaya sAgara sUri kI pratimA hai / AcAryoM kI aisI pratimAe~ AbU meM bhI haiM / ye mUrtiyAM na to kalAtmaka haiM aura na mUla AkRti se sAmya hI darzAtI haiM / 12. yantroM kI pUjA : 10. jaina matAvalambI tAmra aura pItala ke bane hue vividha yantroM kI bhI pUjA karate the / ye yantra vargAkAra yA vRttAkAra hote the / AkAra ke anusAra bar3e yA choTe tathA yantra ke AsapAsa abhilekha bhI aMkita rahate the / 13vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt yantroM kI * sthApanAoM ke abhilekhIya evaM sAhityika pramANa upalabdha haiM / sambhavataH isake pUrva bhI yaha pracalana meM rahe hoMge / rAjasthAna ke sabhI jaina mandiroM meM vividha prakAra ke yantra - pratiSThita dekhane ko milate haiM / 13. dAniyoM va saMrakSakoM kI mUrtiyA~ : : devI-devatAoM va AcAryoM kI mUrtiyA~ to pUjA ke lie prayukta hotI haiM, kintu dAnadAtAoM kI mUrtiyA~ kevala smRti-svarUpa hI banAI jAtI haiM / AbU ke AdinAtha mandira meM vimala kI azvArUr3ha pratimA hai, sAtha hI dasa gajArUr3ha pratimAe~ bhI haiM / sambhavataH yaha saba vimala va usake kuTumba kA mandira ko julUsa meM jAte samaya kA citraNa hai / muslima AkramaNakAriyoM dvArA kucha gajArUr3ha pratimAoM ko naSTa kara diyA gayA hai / lUNa vasahi mandira meM isake nirmAtA vastupAla, tejapAla kI pratimAe~ haiM / ,

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jena kAla : 303 14. hindU devI-devatAoM kI mUrtiyAM : kaI jaina mandiroM meM, hindU devI-devatAoM, yathA rAma, kRSNa, hanumAna, ziva, gaNeza, bhairava Adi tathA deviyA~, jaise-sItA, lakSmI, durgA Adi kI pratimAeM bhI dekhane ko milatI haiM, jo jaina matAvalambiyoM kI dhArmika sahiSNutA, udAratA evaM sarva dharma sama-bhAva ko pratIka hai| osiyA~ ke saccikA mAtA ke mandira ke prAMgaNa meM sthita pratihAra kAlIna sUrya mandira ke pichale bAhya maMDovara para pArzvanAtha kI mUrti kA aMkana, isI dhArmika sahiSNutA kA paricAyaka hai| AbU ke vimala vasahi meM kRSNa janma, dadhimaMthana, rAsa-lIlA Adi ke dRzya haiN| sA~gAnera ke siMghI jaina mandiroM ke stambhoM para rAsa-lIlA evaM kRSNa ke vibhinna rUpoM kA aMkana isI paramparA meM huA hai / rAjasthAna ke jaina prastara mUrti kalA kendra : rAjasthAna kI samRddha jaina mUrti kalA ke pIche sthAnIya zilpiyoM evaM saMgatarAzoM kI satat sAdhanA rahI hai / ye zilpakAra bAhara se nahIM Aye, apitu isa dharatI kI hI upaja the, jinhoMne dharmanirapekSa bhAva se jaina dharma ke ina atIva kalAtmaka pratimAnoM kA sRjana kiyA / pUrva madhyakAla se hI abudamaNDala zilpakAroM kA gar3ha rahA, kyoMki isa kAla meM vahA~ sthApatya evaM zilpa ke nAnAvidha AyAma caramotkarSa para pahu~ce / candrAvatI nagarI kA zilpa vaibhava, AbU ke mandiroM kI utkRSTa takSaNa kalA, mIrapura, varamANa va sirohI kI anekAneka mUrtiyoM kI racanA, nizcita rUpa se sthAnIya pratibhAoM ne hI sampanna kii| isa yuga meM somapurA, gurAsA~-citrakAra Adi silAvaTa jAtiyA~, yahI karma karatI thiiN| abadamaNDala meM Aba, sirohI, piMDavAr3A, basantagar3ha, candrAvatI, mIrapura ke atirikta pazcimI rAjasthAna meM jaisalamera, bIkAnera, jodhapura, pUrva meM jayapura aura dakSiNI rAjasthAna meM cittaur3a kSetra pASANa kalAkAroM ke pramukha kendra the| jayapura nagara nirmita hone ke pUrva Amera, bahuta bar3A zilpa kendra thA / vividha prakAra ke pASANoM para mUrtiyA~ banAI jAtI thiiN| makarAnA kA zveta saMgamaramara, DUMgarapura kA kAlA patthara, jhIro aura baladevagar3ha ke sapheda patthara se bhI mUrtiyAM banAI jAtI thiiN| raMgIna va paoNliza kI mUrtiyoM ke liye alavara kI sImA para sthita riyAloM kA saMgamaramara kAma meM liyA jAtA hai, kyoMki isameM halkI nIlI jhA~I hotI hai / mUrtikAroM ke aujAra abhI bhI purAne hI hai / abuda kSetra meM sthAnIya pASANa vipula mAtrA meM upalabdha hai / ArAsana kA patthara isa dRSTi se zreSTha mAnA jAtA thaa| cittaur3a ke sUtrakAra maNDana ne apanI kalpanAoM evaM zAstrIya jJAna ke naipuNya ko raNakapura kI mUrtiyoM meM pradarzita kiyA hai / jaisalamera kSetra meM pole prastara para registAna ke madhya bhI sthAnIya zilpakAroM ne anupama takSaNa kI saritA pravAhita kara dI hai| ina kSetroM se mUrtiyA~ rAjasthAna ke vibhinna konoM meM hI nahIM, apitu bAhara bhI bhejI jAtI thiiN|

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304 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadhamaM rAjasthAna ke jaina dhAtu mUrti kalA kendra : yahA~ se dhAtu pratimAe~ rAjasthAna meM DUMgarapura aura arbuda kSetra isake pramukha kendra the / pazcAtvartI kAla meM pratimA DhalAI anyatra bhI prArambha huI, kintu pUrva madhyakAla jaisA kalAtmaka vaibhava unameM nahIM A pAyA / rAjasthAna meM dhAtu pratimAoM kA itihAsa Ahar3a sabhyatA se hI jur3A huA hai | Ahar3a ke utkhanana meM tIrthaMkara kI eka padmAsanastha mUrti, kA~se kI DhalAI ke upakaraNa tathA bhaTTiyA~ milI haiM / " Ahar3a ke pazcAt dhAtu pratimAoM kI DhalAI kA sabase bar3A kendra basantagar3ha thA, jo sirohI evaM mevAr3a kI sImA para avasthita hai / kAlAntara meM yaha ujAr3a ho gyaa| bAda meM khudAI karane para milIM, jinheM logoM ne tor3a-phor3a diyA / basantagar3ha zailI kI vidhAna se DhAlI gaI pratIta hotI haiM / inheM do prakAra se polA / Thosa DhalAI ke liye pratimA kA moma kA pratirUpa banAkara usa para miTTI kA lepa car3hAkara sukhA diyA jAtA thA / eka cheda se dhAtudrava mUrti meM u~DelA jAtA thA, jisase eka Thosa dhAtu pratimA bana jAtI thI / polI pratimAe~ banAne ke liye kisI pratirUpa para miTTI ke lepa ke bAda moma kI parata car3hAkara phira usa para miTTI kA lepa car3hA diyA jAtA thA evaM eka cheda se garama dhAtu u~Dela dI jAtI thI / isa prakAra moma kI parata kA sthAna dhAtu le letI thI aura eka polI dhAtu pratimA taiyAra ho jAtI thI / yaha mUrtiyA~ madhucchiSTa DhAlA jAtA thA-- - Thosa evaM basaMtagar3ha zailI kI dhAtu pratimAoM kA prabhAva sampUrNa rAjasthAna, gujarAta evaM madhya bhArata ke mAlavA kSetra kI dhAtu pratimAoM meM dikhAI detA hai / 3 sirohI jile ke dhAtuvidoM ke anusAra ye pratimAe~ 12vIM zatAbdI taka basaMtagar3ha meM, usake pazcAt udayapura, sirohI, sAdar3I, piMDavAr3A, AbU, jAvAla, garADA evaM deladara Adi gA~voM meM DhAlI jAtI rahIM, kyoMki basaMtagar3ha kA patana ho cukA thA tathA yahA~ ke kalAkAra AsapAsa ke gA~voM yA gujarAta meM cale gaye the / basaMtagar3ha ke pazcAt AbU dhAtu kalA kA kendra banA, kyoMki yahA~ 12vIM se 17vIM zatAbdI taka nirantara mandira banate rahe yA unameM kAma hotA rahA / isaliye AbU zilpa karmiyoM kA kendra hI gayA thA / acalagar3ha ke AdIzvara mandira kI koTharI meM kASTha kI 4 sundara mUrtiyA~ haiM, jo zAyada DhalAI ke liye maoNDala ke rUpa meM prayukta hotI hoMgI / acalagar3ha meM hI DUMgarapura ke zilpiyoM dvArA, 211 mana pratyeka ke vajana vAle tIna 1. agravAla, prAcIna bhAratIya mUrtikalA ko mevAr3a kI dena, lekha | 2. zAha - jaina broMjeja - e brIpha sarve, pR0 273 / 3, asAve, pR0 43 /

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jena kalA : 305 ghur3asavAra bhI ullekhanIya haiN| deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM se yahA~ kalAjIvI Ate the aura vibhinna prakAra kI mUrtiyAM banAte the / (sa) jaina sthApatya kalA : vAstukalA ne mandiroM ke nirmANa meM hI apanA carama utkarSa prApta kiyA hai| rAjasthAna ke jaina mandira zAnta, sAttvika, pavitra bhAvanAoM ke udgAtA, sAhitya ke saMrakSaka, sAdhanA ke kendra sthala hone ke sAtha hI apane utkRSTatama sthApatya, zilpa vaibhava va mahattvapUrNa sAMskRtika bhUmikA ke liye vikhyAta rahe haiM / (1) pUrva madhyakAla : (ka) 8vIM se 10vIM zatAbdI ke jaina sthApatya pratimAna evaM vizeSatAeM: jaina paramparA kI katipaya uttaravartI paramparAoM, sAhitya, pazcAtvartI abhilekhoM, aitihAsika evaM purAtAttvika bhagnAvazeSoM evaM pramANoM se jJAta hotA hai ki rAjasthAna meM maMgathalA', ghaMghANI2, nADalAI3, kuMbhalamera, baDalI", kezorAyapATana Adi kaI sthAnoM para 8vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva jaina mandira astitva meM rahe hoMge, kintu haNoM ke AkramaNa yA bArambAra ke jIrNoddhAra ke kAraNa unakI sthApatya kalA yA kAla kA anumAna lagAnA kaThina hai / 8vIM zatAbdI ke mandiroM se hI jaina sthApatya ke viziSTa svarUpa, hameM apanI samasta vizeSatAoM ke sAtha dRSTigata hote haiM / ___ jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa dhanI zreSThI varga yA rAjya meM ucca padAsIna adhikAriyoM dvArA dhArmika bhAvanA se prerita hokara karavAyA jAtA thaa| jIvana kI anya gatividhiyoM kI taraha yaha bho mokSa kA eka sAdhana thaa| mandira pUjA, utsava va dharma sAdhanA ke kendra mAne jAte the, ataH jaina loga etadartha surakSita ekAMta yA pArthakya cAhate the| sabhI kAloM ke sthApatya meM yaha tathya spaSTa dikhAI detA hai| ina zatAbdiyoM yA isase pUrva nirmita sabhI jaina mandira mUlataH sthApatya kI nAgara zailI ke hI hai / nAgara zailI kA zikhara gola hotA hai, jisase agrabhAga para kalazAkRti banAI jAtI hai / prArambha meM isakA zikhara sambhavataH garbhagRha ke Upara hI rahA hogA, kintu kramazaH usakA itanA vistAra huA ki samasta mandira kI chata isI prakAra kI banAI jAne lgii| yaha zikharAkRti auroM kI apekSA adhika prAcIna va mahattvapUrNa mAnI 1. aprajailesa, kra0 248 / 2. bhapApai, pR0 273 / 3. nAjailesa, kra0 856 / 4. TaoNDa, enalsa, 2, pR0 670-71 / 5. bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA, pR0 2 / 20

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. 306 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM anadhamaM gaI hai / " drAvir3a zailI, dakSiNa bhAratIya sthApatya zailI aura vesara zailI donoM kI vizeSatAe~ lie huye mAnI jAtI hai / 2 ina zatAbdiyoM ke mandira apanI nirmANa yojanA meM sAdagIpUrNa haiM, tathA sAttvika evaM pavitra vAtAvaraNa kI sRSTi karate haiM / mandira yojanA meM mUnAlayaka garbhagRha, isake Upara vartulAkAra zikhara, garbhagRha ke sAmane khambhoM kI paMkti para banda yA khulA sabhAmaMDapa hotA thA / stambha nIce se adhika vistAra vAle va Upara jAkara AkAra va anupAta meM halke hote jAte the / mandiroM meM sAja-sajjA bahuta adhika nahIM hotI thI tathA kAmuka dRzyoM kA pUrNa abhAva hotA thA / mandira kI mUla yojanA krAsa ke AkAra kI hotI thI / inakI zailIgata sAdagI se pratIta hotA hai ki ye guptakAlIna mandiroM ko sAmAnya nakala rahe hoMge / ina zatAbdiyoM ke mandira alaMkaraNa kI dRSTi se pUrNa hote the / stambhoM kA AkAra ghaTa-pallava yA Upara jAkara patalA hotA huA vividha prakAra kA banAyA jAtA thA / 8vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva bhI vAstukalA ke kaI grantha astitva meM the, ataH kSetra kI bhaugolika vizeSatAoM ke anurUpa vAstu-zAstrIya paddhati se mandira nirmita hote the / isa kAla ke prastara kalAkAra pazcima bhAratIya kalA paddhati se saMbaddha the, jisakA mUla kendra 'gujarAta va pazcimI rAjasthAna thA / vAstukAra gujarAta va rAjasthAna ke pradezoM meM vicaraNa karate rahe hoMge yA inakI guru paramparA gujarAta se avazya sambaddha rahI hogI, kyoMki gujarAta meM kASTha kalA kA pracalana adhika thA, ataH kASTha ke sthApatya kI adhikAMza vizeSatAe~ - nipuNatA evaM mahAnatA isa kAla ke mandiroM meM jhalakatI haiM / kASTha ko dImaka se bacAne ke lie stambha kA AdhAra ghaTa tulya rakhA jAtA thA / chateM gajapRSThAkAra rakhI jAtI thIM / patthara kA yuga A jAne para bhI vAstukAra ko kASTha kalA-tatvoM kI smRti rahI, jisakI chApa hameM 13vIM zatAbdI taka ke sthApatya va bAda ke alaMkaraNoM meM bhI dikhAI detI hai / kASTha meM jina alaMkaraNoM ko AsAnI se ukera kara bhavya banAyA jA sakatA hai, unheM hI patthara meM ukera kara amara banA dene kA vAstukAroM kA dRr3ha saMkalpa, jaina dharma va rAjasthAna kI saMskRti meM gaurava ke pratimAna bana gaye / kASTha alaMkaraNoM ko pASANa para pratisthApita karane kA suavasara rAjasthAna meM thA / ataH ina zatAbdiyoM meM kaI sthAnoM para patthara ke sundara alaMkaraNa nirmita hue, jinheM AnU ke sarvotkRSTa utkIrNana kI tulanA meM bhUmikA svarUpa mAnA jA sakatA hai| daravAjoM ke Upara phUla-pattiyoM ke alaMkaraNa tathA mandira ke vividha bhAgoM, stambhoM Adi para kASTha tulya sundara nakkAzo dekhane ko milatI hai / osiyAM ke mandira kA toraNa va isa kAla ke mandiroM ke aneka stambha 1. hIrAlAla jaina, bhA0 saM0 meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pR0 321 / 2. vahI, pR0 322 //

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jaina kalA : 307 utkRSTa takSaNa ke pratIka haiM, kintu isase mandira kI sAdagI, pavitratA, mahAnatA aura sAtvikatA para koI pratikUla prabhAva nahIM pdd'aa| choTI saMracanA va kama U~ce zikharoM meM bhI ye dhArmika mUla bhAvoM kI abhivyaMjanA karate rahe / jIrNoddhAroM va marammata se adhikAMza mandiroM kA mUla svarUpa parivartita ho gayA hai, kintu sthApatya kI mUla vizeSatAeM lupta nahIM huI haiN| isa kAla ke mandira sthAnIya rUpa se prApta sAmagrI se hI banAye jAte rahe / arbuda kSetra meM vividha prakAra ke imAratI pASANa ke bhaNDAra haiM / pUrvI rAjasthAna ko chor3akara rAjasthAna meM vividha kSetroM meM bhinna raMgoM vAlA, zilpa ke anukUla prastara sugamatA se upalabdha ho jAtA hai / bhArI hone ke kAraNa inakA sthAnIya prayoga adhika huaa| ataH vividha kSetroM ke jaina mandira, sthApatya kI ekarUpatA liye hue bhI apane bhUmija va nijI svarUpa ke paricAyaka haiN| bahuta se mandiroM ke zikharoM kI saMracanA meM IMToM kA kucha prayoga huA hai, anyathA aisA bhI dekhane ko milatA hai ki gar3he hue, binA kisI saMyojana sAmagrI ke, prastara eka ke Upara eka sthApita kara diye gye| jaina mandira, zailI saMyojana va nirmANa meM samakAlIna vaiSNava va brAhmaNa mandiroM se pUrNa bhinna nahIM haiM, kintu jainAcAryoM kI preraNA se jaina dharmAvalambiyoM dvArA banavAye gaye the, ataH svatantra adhyayana ke viSaya ho jAte haiN| rAjasthAna meM prAcIna nagaroM meM ina zatAbdiyoM ke asaMkhya jaina mandira vidyamAna rahe,' kintu sthApatya ke pratinidhi yA udAharaNa svarUpa kucheka ko hI cunA gayA hai, tAki sthApatya kI vizeSatAoM para prakAza DAlA jA sake / ina zatAbdiyoM ke sthApatya ke pratIka kaI jaina mandira haiM / pratihAra zAsakoM ke kAla meM kaI jaina maMdira nirmita huye| "kuvalayamAlA" kI prazasti se isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai| haribhadra ke sAhitya se 8vIM zatAbdI meM cittaur3a meM, padmanandi kI "jambUdvIpa paNNati" se bArA kSetra meM, kaI mandiroM ke astitva kA patA calatA hai / 783-84 I0 meM pratihAra vatsarAja ke zAsanakAla meM nirmita osiyA~ kA jaina mandira isa kAla ke sthApatya kA sampUrNa pratIka hai / yaha mandira eka ghere ke bIca meM sthita hai| ghere se saTe hue aneka kASTha haiM / mukhya mandira meM garbhagRha, sabhA maNDapa va khulA barAmadA hai, jisake ThIka sAmane eka alaMkRta toraNa hai / isake atirikta jIne ke Upara nirmita karavAyA gayA nala maNDapa hai, jo donoM tarapha se ghirA huA hai| isameM pIche kI tarapha choTe devAlayoM kI paMkti hai / nala maNDapa aura devAlaya 10vIM zatAbdI meM nirmita huye pratIta hote haiN| 1. dekheN-esittaaraa| 2. jabiuriso, 1928, mArca, pR0 28 / 3. jaisAaui, pR0 571 / 4. Asaieri, 1908-09, pR0 108 /

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308 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma mAravAr3a kSetra meM maNDora meM pratihAra vaMzaja kakkuka dvArA 861 I0 meM jaina maMdira nirmita karavAne kA ullekha hai| vartamAna meM yahAM kevala eka tAka meM eka tarapha utkIrNa lekha va dUsarI tarapha siMhArUr3ha devI kI AkRti utkINaM hai|' maNDora meM hI nAhar3a rAva kI guphA ke uttara meM eka do maMjilA jaina mandira hai, jisakI AyatAkAra bhujAoM ke tIna tarapha do maMjilA nirmANa tathA garbhagRha ke sammukha sabhAmaNDapa 10vIM zatAbdI ke stambhoM se nirmita hai| pAlI jile meM 'naulakhA" jaina mandira kA prAcIna bhAga aba kevala sabhA maNDapa hI hai, jisake stambha 10vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva ke haiN| nadasara ke prAcIna jaina maMdira kA sabhA maMDapa bhI 10vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kA hai| nadasara ke prAcIna jaina maMdira kA sabhA maNDapa bhI 10vIM zatAbdI ke prAcIna stambhoM se nirmita hai| nANA kA mahAvIra jaina mandira 960 I0 ke lekhAnusAra 10vIM zatAbdI yA isase bhI prAcIna hai|" sevAr3I kA mahAvIra jaina bhandira bhI 10vIM zatAbdI kA pratIta hotA hai / yadyapi isakI kevala dIvAreM hI avaziSTa haiM phira bhI isake kalAtmaka alaMkaraNa ise 10vIM zatAbdI kA siddha karate haiN| sirohI kSetra meM bhadresara kA jaina mandira jise loga 'jagdUsa' kahate haiM, bArambAra punanirmANa ke kAraNa apanI mUla sthApatya zailI ko kho cukA hai| uThAmaNa ke jaina mandira kI catuSkoNIya nirmiti isakA kAla 10vIM zatAbdI siddha karatI hai / sambhavataH bIkAnera kSetra meM bhI isa kAla meM mandira nirmita huye / tArAnagara kA mandira 952 I0, riNI kA 10vIM za0 tathA nohara kA mandira bhI isI kAla kA mAnA jAtA hai| pallU meM khoje gaye bhagnAvazeSoM se jJAta hotA hai ki yahA~ prAcIna jaina mandira thaa| mevADa kSetra meM isa kAla kA ullekhanIya sthApatya kA pratIka, cittaur3a kI allaTa kI mInAra hai, jo 869 I0 meM banavAI gii| AdinAtha ko samarpita 80 phITa U~cI isa mInAra kI nirmANa zailI 9vIM zatAbdI kI hI hai| mInAra para AdinAtha kI kaI AkRtiyoM kA utkIrNana hai tathA AdhAra se zikhara taka yaha nakkAzI se alaMkRta hai / 10 nAgadA kA 1. proriAsavesa, 1906-07, pR0 34 / 2. vahI, pR0 31 / 3. vahI, 1907-08, pR0 43 / 4. vahI, 1911-12, pR0 53 / 5. vahI, 1907-08, pR0 48-49 / 6. vahI, pR0 53 / 7. vahI, 1905-06, pR0 39 / 8. gajeTiyara-bIkAnera rAjya, pR0 195 / 9. ArTa aiNDa ArkiTekcara oNpha bIkAnera sTeTa, pR0 58 / 10. hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana aiNDa IsTarna ArkiTekcara, pR0 251 /

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jaina kalA : 309 946 I0 se pUrva kA "padmAvato mandira"' tathA pratApagar3ha ke nikaTa vIrapura kA prAcIna jaina mandira bhI sthApatya kI isI zailI ke nidarzaka haiN| koTA kSetra meM rAmagar3ha se tIna mIla dUra pahAr3iyoM para guphAoM ke madhya 8vIM evaM 9vIM zatAbdI kA "kRSNa vilAsa" nAmaka kasbA thA, jo vartamAna meM kevala "vilAsa" nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / isameM tIna khaMDahara 8vIM, 9vIM zatAbdI ke madhya ke jaina mandira haiM / inameM se eka prAcIna kAla meM bahuta bar3I saMracanA rahA hogA, kyoMki pAsa hI isake prastaroM, chajjoM, meharAboM, kalaza evaM alaMkRta prastara, Dhera ke rUpa meM par3e huye haiM, jinameM kucha tIrthakaroM kI bhagna pratimAe~ bhI haiM / isase siddha hotA hai ki yaha mandira bahuta bhavya va vizAla rahA hogaa| dUsarA mandira yadyapi AkAra meM choTA hai, kintu tIrthaMkaroM kI bar3I saMkhyA meM prApta mUrtiyoM se jJAta hotA hai ki isakI nirmANa zailI bhI pAramparika hI rahI hogI, jisameM kisI bhI sthAna ko analaMkRta nahIM chor3A jAtA thaa| tIsarA mandira bar3A rocaka hai / isakA bhavana vizAla nahIM hai aura isakI nirmANa sAmagrI meM se adhikAMza, par3osI gA~va ke logoM dvArA apane makAnoM ke nirmANa meM prayoga meM le lI gaI hai / isa mandira meM 16 devAlaya the aura pratyeka meM tIrthaMkara kI eka pratimA thii| isa prakAra eka hI mandira meM 16 tIrthaMkara pUjita the| isake atirikta cAtasU meM pahAr3I para vartamAna meM ziva mandira, kintu mUlataH khaNDelavAla jaina mandira tathA alavara kSetra meM bhaMgura kA 10vIM zatAbdI kA mandira bhI sthApatya ke sundara udAharaNa haiN| ___ina zatAbdiyoM ke mandira kAmuka dRzyoM ke abhAva tatha antarnihita sAdagI ke kAraNa pRthak se pahicAne jA sakate haiN| ina mandiroM meM patthara kA vyApaka prayoga hotA thA, jisameM stambha, udambara, tor3e, chajje Adi se racanA kI jAtI thii| ye tattva mUlataH kASThakalA se prerita the| racanA vidhi samatala va bojha ko lambavat rakhane kI apekSA samatala rakhane kI thii| jana-jIvana se abhinna rUpa se sambaddha, isa kAla kA sthApatya mUlataH laukika thA, jisakA dhyeya vyakti vizeSa kI ruciyoM kA pradarzana karanA nahIM, apitu jana-jIvana kI dhArmika bhAvanA ko sAkAra karanA thaa| satyaM, zivaM, sundaram ke siddhAnta para vikasita isa kAla ke sthApatya meM kamala, cakra svastika Adi aSTa mAMgalika cihna pUrNataH svIkRta the / mandira kA zilpa atyadhika alaMkaraNa liye hue bhI vAstukalA ke tAlamAna va zAstrIya mAnadaNDoM ke anurUpa thA, jisase saundarya meM sAdagI'pUrNa abhivRddhi hotI thii| 1. proriAsavesa, 1904-05, pR0 61 / 2. gajeTiyara-pratApagar3ha rAjya, pR0 200 / 3. proriAsavesa, 1909-10, pR0 50 /

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310 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadhamaM (kha) 11vIM se 13vIM zatAbdI - svarNa kAla : jaina sthApatya ke itihAsa meM yaha kAla, zilpa kalA ke caramotkarSa para hone ke kAraNa "svarNa yuga" mAnA jA sakatA hai / isa kAla meM rAjasthAna ke vibhinna kSetroM meM cauhAna cAlukya aura paramAra zAsaka rAjya kara rahe the, jo jaina mata ke bahuta bar3e saMrakSaka the / isake atirikta jaina dharmAvalambI zreSThiyoM, vyApAriyoM, maMtriyoM va anya rAjyAdhikAriyoM ne bhI jaina dharma ko prabhAvanA ko protsAhana diyA / isa kAla meM aise mandira nirmita hue, jo vAstu evaM alaMkaraNa kI dRSTi se anupama the / islAma ke Agamana se pUrva hI vAstuzAstra ke "mAnasAra", "samarAMgaNa", "sUtradhAra" Adi ullekhanIya grantha the / vAstukalA eka bRhat vAstuvidhA bana gaI thI / mandira ke choTe-choTe se tattvoM kA bhI vivecana kiyA jA cukA thA tathA nirmANa sambandhI choTI-choTI bAtoM ke bhI nizcita mAnadaNDa nirdhArita ho cuke the / zAstrIyakaraNa kI yaha sthiti, kalA kI atyanta vikasita avasthA ke sAtha hI sambhava hotI hai| isa kAla meM vAstukalA bahuta adhika unnata avasthA meM thI aura usakI paramparAe~ bahuta gaharI evaM dRr3ha thIM / sthApatya meM patthara kA vyApaka prayoga hotA thA / stambha, dIvAreM, chateM va zikhara prastara nirmita hI hote the / bar3I-bar3I zilAyeM upalabdha hone ke kAraNa unase vividha vidhiyoM se chateM pATI jA sakatI thIM / prastara kArya meM aba taka isa kSetra ke vAstukAra atyanta nipuNa ho gaye the / yadyapi isa kAla ke vAstu meM meharAba bhI dekhane ko milate haiM, kintu meharAba para vAstukAra kA bharosA nahIM thA / isake atirikta prastara racanA unake lie apekSAkRta AsAna thI aura prastara meM hI vaha una alaMkaraNoM kA upayoga kara sakatA thA, jinakA IMTa va cUne meM prayoga sambhava nahIM thA / kASTha zilpa ko prastara para utkIrNa karane ke saMskAra aba taka paripakva ho cuke the / yahI nahIM, zilpakAroM ne sthApatya ko alaMkaraNoM ke mAdhyama se adhikAdhika samRddha banAne ke upAya bhI khoja lie the / kASTha kalA ke saMskAroM ne utkRSTa prastara zilpa ko janma diyA, jisakI carama abhivyakti delavAr3A ke mandiroM meM dekhane ko milatI hai / isa kAla meM bahuta se mandira nirmita huye, jinakI saMracanA pUrva kAlIna mandiroM se bhinnatA liye huye thI / isa kAla meM bAvana jinAlaya ke mandiroM kI racanA adhika huI / mandira meM sAmAnyataH garbhagRha, gUr3ha maNDapa, caukiyA~, sabhA maNDapa, zrRMgAra caukiyA~, deva kulikAe~ Adi nirmita hone lagIM / mandira ke vistAra meM bhavyatA evaM vizAlatA AI / mandiroM meM nAgara zailI ke zikhara adhika banane lge| inake vinyAsa meM garbhagRha, gUr3ha maNDapa aura mukha mandira hote haiM, jo bAhara aura bhItara eka dUsare se jur3e huye hote haiM / inakI sAmane kI dIvAroM kA tAratamya aise kaTAvoM dvArA hI TUTatA hai, jo krama se bAhara

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jaina kalA : 311 nikale huye yA andara dha~se huye hote haiM / isake phalasvarUpa eka aisA citra-vicitra rUpAMkana hamAre sAmane AtA hai, jisameM prakAza aura chAyA kA antara darzAyA gayA hotA hai / kucha bar3e mandiroM meM usI rekhA meM eka aisA sabhA maNDapa bhI jor3a diyA gayA hotA hai, jisake sammukha bhAga meM toraNa kA nirmANa kiyA gayA ho / caulukya zailI ke mandiroM meM pITha, vedI baMdha aura jaMghA - jinheM sAmUhika rUpa se maMDovara, varaNDikA aura zikhara kahA jAtA hai, jaise sabhI sAmAnya bhAga pAye jAte haiM aura ye sabhI bhAga, jinameM sajAvaTI alaMkaraNa sammilita haiM, paramparA dvArA eka nizcita krama meM nirmita kiye jAte haiM / isa zailI ke eka viziSTa mandira meM jADyakumbha, karNikA aura grAsa paTTI ke pITha kI sajjA vastue~, jaise- gajathara aura nasthara mahAtvAbhilASI saMkalpanAoM para AdhArita haiM, jinake bIca azvathara kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hotA hai / pAramparika vedI-baMdha-sajjA ke Upara jaMghA hotI hai, jisakA alaMkaraNa bAhara nikalI huI devI-devatAoM aura apsarAoM tathA bhItara kI ora banAyI gayI apsarAoM, vyAloM yA tapasviyoM kI mUrtiyoM ke dvArA kiyA gayA hotA hai / ina mandiroM kI banAvaTa paristaMbhIya haiM aura unake stambhoM para eka nizcita kramAnusAra AkRtiyoM kA tathA anya sajjA-racanA dvArA vizeSa alaMkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / maNDapoM meM stambhoM kA eka aSTakoNIya vinyAsa dikhAI detA hai / maNDapa kI gumbadAkAra chata kA AdhAra, aisI toraNa sajjA kA eka aSTakoNIya DhA~cA hai, jo stambhoM para TikI hai aura jisake kama hote jAne vAle saMkendrIya valaya anta meM jAkara eka ati sundara kendrIya lolaka (padmazilA) kA nirmANa karate haiM / " vikasita caulukya zailI ke jaina mandira meM eka garbha gRha, vakra bhAga yukta eka gUr3ha maNDapa, chaha yA nau caukiyoM vAlA eka stambha yukta mukha maNDapa tathA sAmane kI ora eka paristambhIya nRtya maNDapa hote haiM / ye saba eka catuSkoNa meM hote haiM, jisake AsapAsa devakulikAe~ hotI haiM, jinake sAmane bhamatI ke eka yA kabhI-kabhI do khaNDaka hote haiM / stambha yukta mukha maNDapa kA yaha chaha yA nau khaNDakoM meM vistAra tathA usake AsapAsa bhamatI yukta devakulikAoM kA sammilita kiyA jAnA, ye donoM hI parikalpanAe~ caulukya nirmANa zailI meM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI vizeSa yogadAna haiM / AbU kA " vimala sahi" aura kuMbhAriyA (prAcIna ArAsaNa) kA 1062 I0 ke mandira isI prakAra ke haiM / arbuda maNDala ke mandira : 2 isa kSetra meM zilpa zAstra ke niyamoM ke anusAra mandira banAye gaye / kumbheriyA ke 11vIM zatAbdI ke jaina mandira catuSkoNIya aMga zikhara va mukhya zikhara sahita dohare Amalaka chatra vAle haiM / yahA~ ke mandiroM ke maNDapa advitIya haiM tathA sapheda saMgamaramara se 1. jaina sthApatya evaM kalA - 2, pU0 302 / 2. vahI, pR0 303 /

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312 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma nirmita haiM / stambhoM kI nakkAzI, meharAboM kA alaMkaraNa aura jinAlaya yojanA, vikasita sthApatya kA sundara namUnA hai| mAuMTa AbU kA 1031 I0 meM nirmita "vimala vasahi" tathA 1230 I0 meM vastupAla-tejapAla dvArA nirmita "lUNavasahi" zailI kI dRSTi se eka jaise haiN| inake saundarya aura zilpa nipuNatA kI prazaMsA kaI vidvAnoM ke dvArA kI gaI hai| "kojensa" ke anusAra-"ina mandiroM kI sundara sAja-sajjA kI mAtrA, jo chatoM, stambhoM, daravAjoM Adi meM nirUpita hai aura cAturdika vistRta hai, kevala atyadhika sundara kahI jA sakatI hai / saMgamaramara kA apAradarzIya patalA aura chilake jaisA kalAtmaka prayoga, kahIM bhI dekhI gayI kalAtmaka sampannatA ko pIche chor3a detA hai / kucha alaMkaraNa aura citraNa to saundarya ke vilakSaNa svapna jaise haiN|" phayUMsana', TaoNDa Adi kaI vidvAnoM ne ina mandiroM kI khulakara prazaMsA kI hai| vimala vasahi, 128475 phITa lambe-caur3e catuSkoNIya prAMgaNa meM cauvana jinAlayoM se ghirI huI hai| jinAlayoM ke bAhara dohare stambhoM kI maNDapAkAra pradakSiNA hai / prAMgaNa ke ThIka madhya meM mukhya mandira hai, jisameM sabhA maNDapa, navacaukI, gUr3ha maNDapa va garbhagRha haiM / mandira ke bAhara 25 x 30 phITa kI hastizAlA hai, jisameM gajArUDha mUrtiyA~ evaM vimala kI azvArUr3ha pratimA hai / hastizAlA ke Age mukha maNDapa va phira devakuloM kI paMkti, bhamiti aura pradakSiNA maNDapa haiM / lUNavasahi mandira meM bhI raMga maNDapa, navacaukI, gar3ha maNDapa, garbhagRha Adi haiM / antara yaha hai ki isa mandira meM hastizAlA andara prAMgaNa meM hai va raMga maNDapa ke stambha kucha adhika U~ce haiN| isI zailI ke mandira isa kSetra meM bar3I saMkhyA meM the| candrAvatI ke AsapAsa jaina mandiroM ke vistRta khaMDahara haiN| yahA~ se prApta aneka stambhoM kI nakkAzI itanI mahIna aura vaividhyapUrNa hai ki koI bhI do stambha eka jaise nahIM haiN| vividha tIrthamAlAoM se yahA~ vipula jaina mandiroM ke astitva kI jAnakArI milatI hai| AbU aura sirohI ke bIca mIrapura kA sundara mandira tejapAla kA hai| ajArI ke mahAvIra jaina mandira ke daravAjoM kI alaMkRta caukhaTa ise 12vIM zatAbdI kA siddha karatI hai| jhAr3ola kA zAntinAtha jaina mandira 1141 I0 se pUrva kA hai| isake stambha va meharAbeM zailI kI dRSTi se vimala vasahi jaisI haiM / inake atirikta nAMdiyA", jhAr3olI aura mUMgathalA" 1. hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana aiNDa IsTarna Arki0, pR0 36 / 2. sthApatya ke vistRta varNana ke liye adhyAya caturtha dekheM / 3. gajeTiyara-sirohI rAjya, pR0 248 / 4. vhii| 5. vhii| 6. proriAsavesa, 1905-06, pR0 48 / 7. vahI, 1906-07, pR0 26 /

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jena kalA : 313 ke jaina mandira bhI abhilekhIya pramANoM ke AdhAra para isI kAla ke haiM / kojarA ke - sambhavanAtha jaina mandira ke gUr3ha maNDana ke abhilekhAnusAra yaha bhI 12vIM zatAbdI kA hai evaM vAdhina pahAr3I ke mandira bhI 12vIM zatAbdI ke haiM / 2 uparokta mandiroM ke atirikta isa kSetra ke jIrAvalA, varamANa, piMDavAr3A, nitor3A, kAlaMdrI gohalI Adi ke jaina mandira bhI bAvana jinAlaya paddhati ke haiM / isa -paddhati ke bhI do prakAra isa kSetra meM milate haiM / pahalI paddhati meM mUla mandira ke cAroM ora mukhya dvAra ko chor3akara 51 devakulikAe~ hotI haiM, jinake sAmane stambhoM para TikA huA eka barAmadA hotA hai / dUsarI paddhati meM mukhya mandira ke pIche aura garbhagRha ke donoM pAvoM meM antaraMga mandira aura unake sAmane stambhoM para TikA huA gumbada hotA hai / ina gumbadoM ko milAte hue barAmadoM ke bhItara 48 devakula prakoSTha cAroM ora hote haiM / varamANa meM isI paddhati kA anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai / sirohI ke caumukhA mandira, ajitanAtha mandira, AdIzvara mandira evaM delavAr3A ke mandiroM meM bhI yahI zailI hai / - bAvana jinAlaya paddhati kA eka nayA rUpa ajArI ke prAcIna mandira meM dikhAI detA hai, jahA~ mUla mandira ke cAroM ora pacAsa devakulikAe~ aura mandira ke pIche eka antaraMga mandira tathA gUr3ha maNDapa dikhAI detA hai / vastutaH mandira ke nirmANa meM zilpazAstra, jyotiSa, gaNita evaM tantra vidyA kA vizeSa sthAna hai| bAvana jinAlaya kI yaha racanA varNa - mAtrikA ke 52 akSaroM ko sthApanA kA tantra vidhAna hai, jisake samrAT " akAra" rUpa meM paramAtva tattva kI pratiSThA rahatI hai / 4 bIca meM svara ye mandira mukhyatayA tIna pada arthAt eka katAra meM cAra stambha evaM unake bIca meM tIna sthAna vAlI paddhati se nirmita haiM / isa kSetra ke prAcIna mandiroM meM sAmAnyatayA 6 caukiyA~ hotI haiM, jo tIna-tIna khambhoM kI 4 katAra vAle 12 stambhoM para TikI rahatI haiM / paryApta sthAna vAle purAne vizAla mandiroM meM navacaukiyA~ bhI hotI thIM, jo 4-4 * stambhoM kI 4 katAroM arthAt 16 stambhoM para TikI hotI thiiN| sirohI ke A~caliyA, AdIzvara mandira, piMDavAr3A ke mahAvIra mandira, nAMdiyA ke mahAvIra mandira evaM gar3ha ca~varalI ke khaMDita jaina mandira meM naucaukiyA~ haiM / U~cI pIThikA para sthita mandira ke mukhya dvAra para naubata khAnA hotA hai / yaha naubatakhAnA khelAmaNDapa meM sIr3hiyoM ke Upara hotA hai / kucha mandiroM meM khelA maNDapa ke atirikta nRtya maNDapa bhI hotA hai / mU~gathalA ke mandira meM aisA hI maNDapa hai / yahA~ ke jaina maMdiroM meM mukhya dvAra para zRMgAra caukiyA~ 1. proriAsavesa, 1916-17, pR0 62 / 2. vahI, pR0 59 / 3. vahI, pR0 65 / 4. asAve, pR0 173 /

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314 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma hotI haiM / isa kSetra ke mandiroM ke zikhara nAgara zailI ke haiM, jo alaMkRta evaM sAde donoM prakAra ke haiM / kucha purAne zikhara iMToM ke bhI haiM, kintu 11vIM zatAbdI ke bAda ke zikhara patthara ke hI haiM / IMTa, cUne ke bane zikharoM meM mIrapura mandira kA zikhara ullekhanIya hai / ina mandiroM meM prayukta pASANa sthAnIya hI thA / yahA~ taka ki mUrtiyoM kA patthara bhI sthAnIya hI hotA thA / piMDavAr3A kSetra ke mandiroM kA prastara ajArI va zivagaMja kSetra ke, mandiroM kA khaMdarA kI khAnI se tathA jagat prasiddha dilavAr3A ke mandiroM kA patthara bhI selavAr3A, pairavA evaM jhAlIbAba kI khAnoM se prApta kiyA gayA hai| AbU kI pazcimI talahaTI para naSTaprAya lAkhAvatI nagarI ke Arasa patthara selavAr3A ke hI haiN| kumbhAriyA ke pAsa to Arasa patthara kI bahuta sI khAneM thIM, ataH prAcIna abhilekhoM meM isakA nAma "ArAsaNA" diyA huA hai / ' isa kSetra meM zilpiyoM kI eka pUrI paramparA rahI hai| vimalavasahi ke zilpI kA nAma to kAla ke garta meM samA gayA hai, kintu lUNavasahi mandira kA zilpI zobhanadeva thaa| isa kSetra meM sUtradhAroM kI bar3I bastiyA~ rahI haiM / inake sambandha muNDArA, varakANA evaM sAdar3I ke una zilpiyoM se rahe haiM, jinake pUrvajoM ne mahAn vAstukAra evaM takSaka depAla ke netRtva meM raNakapura ke mandira ko banAyA thaa| 1995 I0 meM jhAr3olI ke vizAla mandira kA jIrNoddhAra karane vAlA nIrar3a nAmaka somapurA thaa| vimala vasahi mandira ke jIrNa hone para 1293 I0 meM narAditya ne usavI kalA ko nayA rUpa diyaa| 1315 I0 meM somapurA, lUNasi, cuhArA, cejArA, rAvala aura AlhA ne isako ThIka kiyaa| lUNavasahi mandira kI marammata bhI 1415 I0 meM sthAnIya kArIgaroM ne hI kii| anya mandira : cauhAna zAsakoM ke antargata 1177 I0 ke bijauliyA abhilekha se spaSTa hai ki lolaka ke purakhoM ne ToDArAyasiMha, bagharA, nareNA, naravara aura ajamera meM jaina mandira banavAye the / svayaM lolaka ne bijauliyA pArzvanAtha mandira aura usake AsapAsa 7 mandira banavAye the / vartamAna meM ye pUrNataH Adhunika nirmANa zailI ke dikhAI dete hai| 1. asAvai, pR0 174 / 2. aprajailesa, pR0 109 / 3. vahI, pR0 10 / 4. vahI, pR0 89 / 5. vahI, pR0 159 / 6. proriAsavesa, 1906-07, pR0 26 /

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jaina kAla : 315 sambhavataH bAra-bAra ke jIrNoddhAra se inakA rUpa hI parivartita ho gyaa| mAravAr3a meM nADalAI ke 16 mandiroM ke samUha meM se pahAr3I para sthita neminAtha mandira aura talahaTI kA AdIzvara mandira 11vIM zatAbdI ke hai, jo stambhoM kI zailI aura abhilekhoM se spaSTa hotA hai|' kokiMda ke pArzvanAtha jaina mandira kA Antarika vitAna va chata hI prAcIna hai, jisameM 1173 I0 kA lekha utkIrNa hai| sAMcaura meM eka purAnI masjida, jo mUlataH jaina mandira thI, meM abhI bhI 1220 I0 aura 1265 I0 ke abhilekha vidyamAna haiN| jAlaura meM topakhAnA ke nAma se jAnA jAne vAlA smAraka, vastutaH 12vI va 13vIM zatAbdI meM kumArapAla dvArA banavAye gaye mizrita zailI ke tIna jaina mandiroM kI sAmagrI se banAyA huA hai| isI prakAra ghANerAva mahAvIra mandira kA garbhagRha, sabhA maNDapa, praveza maNDapa, kucha kakSa, tarAzI gaI jAliyA~, chajje Adi sambhavataH 11vIM zatAbdI ke haiM / 5 phalaudhI ke pArzvanAtha mandira meM 1164 I0 kA. abhilekha hai| sUrapura kA jaina mandira bhI abhilekhIya sAkSya ke anusAra 1182 I0 kA hai| jayapura ke nikaTa sAMgAnera kA siMghI jI kA jaina mandira, bhaNDArakara ke anusAra 15vIM zatAbdI kA hai, kintu garbhagRha ke baMdaravAra para 954 I0 ke lekha se yaha 10vIM zatAbdI kA siddha hotA hai| yahAM kI pratimAoM para 11vI va 12vIM zatAbdI ke lekha haiM tathA nakkAzI ke takSaNa aura stambhoM kI zailI kI dRSTi se isako. tulanA AbU kSetra ke mandiroM se kI jA sakatI hai| mandira kI yojanA bhI zAstroktaH mAnadaNDoM ke anusAra hai / jayapura nagara se tIna mIla dUra, purAnA ghATa bAlAjI ke. nikaTa kA ziva mandira, mUlataH 12vIM zatAbdI kA eka jaina mandira hai| mandira ke daravAje ke UparI bhAga ke, binA tithi ke saMskRta lekha meM, 12vIM zatAbdI ke lekhoM kI. samasta vizeSatAeM hai| yahIM para 1160 I0 ke lekha meM AcAryoM va unake ziSyoM ke nAma haiM / 10 1. proriAsavesa; 1908-09. pR0 43 / 2. vahI, 1910-11, pR0 36-37 / 3. vahI, 1907-08, pR0 34 / 4. vahI, pR0 35 / 5. vahI, pR0 59 / 6. vahI, 1909, pR0 60 / 7. vahI, 1911-12, pR0 53 / 8. vahI, 1909-10, pR0 47 / 9. saMvat 1011 likhita paM0 tejA ziSyAcArya pUrNacandra / 10. erirAmyua, 1920-21, kra0 2, 3 /

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316 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma jhAlarApATana kA 1046 I0 meM sAha popA dvArA nirmita zAMtinAtha mandira purAne mandira kA navanirmita rUpa hai| isameM garbhagRha va zikhara purAne hI hai, kintu navanirmita maNDapa meM kucha hindU devatAoM kI AkRtiyA~ bhI haiM / 2 aTarU meM 12vIM zatAbdI ke do jaina mandira haiM / eka mandira meM pArzvanAtha kI khaNDita pratimA hai, kintu dUsare mandira kI mahAvIra kI vizAla evaM bhArI pratimA abhI avaziSTa hai / zeSa sArA mandira khaNDahara hai, jisakI nIveM bhI dikhAI detI haiM, jisase eka yojanAbaddha vizAla jaina mandira kI nimiti kA AbhAsa hotA hai| jaisalamera ke nikaTa ladravA kA 12vIM zatAbdI kA pArzvanAtha mandira isa kAla ke takSaNa aura sthApatya ke utkRSTa namUnoM meM se hai / mandiroM ke nicale hisse kI sthApatya zailI vizuddha rUpa se dakSiNa bhAratIya hindU zailI hai jabaki UparI hisse kI pazcima bhAratIya zailI hai| yahA~ kA toraNa va kalpavRkSa bahuta sundara nirmitiyA~ haiN| ___isa kAla meM muslima vidhvaMsa ke pariNAma svarUpa kaI mandira dhvasta kiye gaye aura unake sthAna para masjideM banA dI gii| jahA~ abhI jaina mandira nahIM haiM yA unake khaNDahara mAtra avaziSTa haiM, vahA~ ke viSaya meM phagyUsana kA abhimata mahattvapUrNa hai"jahA~ bhI musalamAna saMkhyA meM base, vahA~ prAcIna jaina mandiroM ke pAne kI AzA karanA vyartha hai / una logoM ne apane dharma ke joza meM mandiroM ko naSTa-bhraSTa kara DAlA hai tathA jina sundara stambhoM, toraNoM ko naSTa nahIM kara sake, unakA bar3e cAva se apanI masjidoM Adi ke nirmANa meM upayoga kara liyaa| ajamera, dillI, kannauja, dhAra va ahamadAbAda kI vizAla masjideM yathArthataH jaina mandiroM kI hI parivartita nirmitiyA~ haiM / '4 yahIM nahIM, phagyUsana ne vAstu-zAstrIya dRSTi se mandira ko masjida meM parivartita karane kA sugama tarIkA bhI AbU ke mandira kA udAharaNa dekara batAyA hai| isI prakAra ke parivartana kI darda bharI kahAnI ajamera kSetra ke eka vizAla zikSA kendra yA jaina mandira kI hai, jise 12vIM zatAbdI meM ar3hAI dina ke jhopar3e meM parivartita kara diyA gayA hai / jaina paramparAnusAra yaha eka jaina mandira thA / 6 isa sthAna para khudAI se prApta eka jina 1. ane0, 13, pR0 125 / 2. AkiyolAjikala sarve oNpha kaniMghama, pR0 263-67 / 3. nAjailesa, kra0 2543 / 4. hisTrI oNpha iNDiyA aiNDa IsTarna ArkiTekcara, pR0 263-64 / 5. vhii| 6. yaha mandira 660 I0 meM vImadeva kAlA dvArA nirmita batAyA jAtA hai / isakI nIMva bhaTTAraka vizvananda ne rakhI thii| ajamera ke dharmadAsa jaina maM0 se prApta vivaraNa ke anusAra bhavana 1132 I0 meM pUrNa huA thaa|

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jena kAla : 317 pratimA ' tathA nikaTa se hI jamIna se 1856 I0 meM khojI gaI 9-10 saMgamaramara kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke abhilekha vAlI pratimAoM se siddha hotA hai ki yaha jina mandira hI rahA hogaa| isakA sthApatya AbU ke mandiroM jaisA hai| TaoNDa va phagyUsana ne bhI ise jaina mandira hI mAnA hai| jaina paramparA ke pramANoM ke anusAra vigraharAja ne kaI jaina Azrama nirmita karavAye aura usane "rAjavihAra", jo sambhavataH sarasvatI mandira hI thA, ke Upara jhaNDA phhraayaa| sambhavataH yaha eka bar3A zikSA kendra rahA hogA / jJAna, vijJAna, kAvya va kalA kI kaI zAkhAoM kA adhyayana-adhyApana yahA~ hotA rahA hogA, tabhI vigraharAja ne koI nATaka bhI likhA / 185 phITa lambe aura 571 phITa caur3e bhavana kI mukhya dIvAra 113 phITa moTI va 56 phITa U~cI hai| yaha sthApatya kI ucca zailI kA pratIka hai| isameM sAta meharAbeM haiM / kendrIya meharAba 22 phITa 3 iMca aura zeSa 13 phoTa 5 iMca kI haiN| madhyavartI barAmade ke pazcAt 248 phITa lambA aura 40 phITa caur3A stambhoM para TikA huA samatala chata vAlA maNDapa hai / yaha chata andara kI ora 9 aSTakoNIya khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai, jo sAta meharAboM, mukhya dIvAra aura parisara ke donoM konoM ke anurUpa haiN| maNDapa ke stambhoM kI 5 katAreM haiM aura kula 70 stambha haiM, jo takSaNa kI dRSTi se atyanta mohaka haiN| jaTila alaMkaraNa yukta stambha, koI bhI do eka jaise nahIM haiN| sarvatra nakkAzI kRta tAka va takSaNa kRta ghor3iyA~ Adi haiN| isa prakAra jaina sthApatya ke isa svarNa kAla meM takSaNa ke Adarza pratimAna nirmita huye, jinakA sthApatya kI duniyA meM cirasmaraNIya nAma hai| takSaNa kI isa pragati se jaina mandiroM se pavitratA va pUrNatA kA hrAsa ho gayA aura isa parAkASThA ke bindu se yaha hrAsa adyatana jArI hai| isa kAla meM mandiroM kI saMracanA meM vizAlatA, saMyojana meM bhavyatA va zilpa meM aura utkRSTatA aaii| devI-devatAoM aura striyoM kI mUrtiyoM kA bhI alaMkaraNa ke liye prayoga huA / mahAkAvyoM ke kathAnaka va kaI kathA prasaMga bhI ukere gaye / mandira ke sAtha-sAtha mUrtikalA kA bhI vikAsa huA aura usane dhIre-dhIre kalAtmakatA ke carama Adarza ko pA liyA / (2) madhyakAla: 13vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt lagabhaga eka zatAbdI taka mandira nirmANa ke ullekhanIya 1. erirAmyua, 1918 / 2. jaranala ezi0 so0 beMgAla, 7, pR0 51 / 3. TaoNDa, enalsa, 2, pR0 896-900 / 4. hisTrI i0 aiNDa I0 Aki0, pR0 263 / .. 5. gAosi, 76, pR0 370 /

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318 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jenadharma punaruddhAra prArambha vAstukalA para bar3e "" pramANa nahIM milate / 15vIM zatAbdI se jaina sthApatya zailI kA huA / 15vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvAddha meM mahArANA kumbhA ke saMrakSaNa meM bar3e grantha likhe gaye / unake sthapati AcArya maNDana ne vAstu aura zilpa para unake hI saMrakSaNa meM "devatA mUrti prakaraNa", "prAsAda maNDana'", 'rAjavallabha rUpa maNDana", "" vAstu maNDana", " vAstu sAra" aura " rUpAvatAra" grantha likhe / maNDana ke putra govinda -ne "uddhAradhAriNI", "kalA nidhi", "dvAra-dIpikA" nAmaka grantha likhe / maNDana ke bhAI nAtha ne 'vAstu maMjarI" kI racanA kI / kumbhA ne vijaya stambha ke viSaya para - apane eka sthapati se eka grantha likhavAyA aura ise pASANa phalakoM para khudavAyA ecch mahatvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki madhyakAla meM, cAhe vaha mugaloM kA svarNa yuga hI kyoM na ho, muslima vAstukalA para koI grantha nahIM likhA gayA aura spaSTa ho sampUrNa sthApatya bhAratIya siddhAntoM para hotA rahA / muslima sthApatya ke pratimAnoM para bhI bhAratIya kArIgaroM ne hI kAma kiyA aura unakI racanA bhAratIya vAstu zAstroM ke AdhAra para huI / sadaiva bhAratIya tAlamAna dhyAna meM rakhe gaye / videzI preraNAoM ko ina zilpakAroM ' ne apanI zailI meM ghola-mela liyA aura vAstu kalA ko eka nayA rUpa hI nahIM, apitu nayA jIvana bhI diyaa| bhAratIya saMskRti kI anavarata dhArA meM madhyakAla kA yahI - mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai / 2 khambhoM, stambhoM vAle meharAba to bane hI sahI, kintu unameM tor3oM para AdhArita udambara lagAye gaye / mandiroM meM zikharoM kA AkAra gumbada - numA hone laga gayA / chatriyoM kA vyApaka prayoga zurU ho gayA / jaina mandiroM para bhI isa mugala mizrita sthApatya zailI kA kucha prabhAva huA, jo phUle huye gumbada, khule kSetra kI meharAboM aura alaMkaraNa ke pratIkoM meM dekhane ko milatA hai / isa kAla ke adhikAMza jaina mandira AbU va sAMgAnera ke mandiroM kI nakaleM haiM, kintu ina anukRtiyoM meM se pUrvavartI mandiroM kI mahattvapUrNa vizeSatAe~ pavitratA, manoramatA Adi meM hrAsa ho gayA / una mandiroM kI tulanA meM inameM vaha bhavyatA, nirmANa yojanA kI kuzalatA aura varNanoM ko samRddhi dekhane ko nahIM milatI hai / jainoM dvArA karAye gaye sthApatya nirmANoM kI dRSTi se 15vIM zatAbdI pazcimI bhArata ke liye vizeSa ullekhanIya pratIta hotI hai / isa kAla meM isa kSetra ke usa madhyakAlIna sthApatya ko susthira kiyA gayA jise jemsa phargyUsana ne " madhya zailI" kahA hai| isa madhya zailI kI sarvottama abhivyakti isa yuga ke vAstuvidoM dvArA tIrthaMkaroM ke liye nirmita eka anUThe prakAra ke mandira meM dekhI jA sakatI hai / yaha zailI nAgara zailI, solaMkI evaM baghela zailI 1. udayapura saMgrahAlaya meM / 2. rAmanAtha - madhyakAlIna bhAratIya kalAe~ evaM unakA vikAsa, pR0 78 / 3. jaina sthApatya evaM kalA, pR0 361 /

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jena kAla : 319 ke pUrvavartI anubhavoM para AdhArita hai / ina mandiroM meM adhiSThAna, devakulikAe~, aMga zikharoM ke samUha se yukta zikhara, stambhoM para AdhArita maNDapa, gavAkSa Adi pramukha bhAga hote haiM / madhya meM kendravartI vargAkAra garbhagRha yukta ina mandiroM kI vinyAsa rUparekhA kI vizadatA ne, eka naye rUpAkAra ko janma diyA hai / isa prakAra ke mandira jainoM meM prAyaH "caumukha ke nAma se jAne jAte haiM, jo bhAratIya vAstu vidyA viSayaka granthoM meM ullikhita " sarvatobhadra" prakAra ke mandiroM ke sAmAnyataH anurUpa haiN| raNakapura kA mandira isakA sarvazreSTha udAharaNa hai / "vAstusAra" ke lekhaka ne mandira kI nAgara zailI ko pazcima bhAratIya rUpa meM rUpAntarita karate huye, usakI vinyAsa rUparekhA tathA U~cAI ke vistAra kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / " isa grantha ke anusAra mandira kA antarbhAga garbhagRha kahalAtA thA / garbhagRha ke Age akSIya rekhA para sthita tIna maNDapa hote the / ina tInoM maNDapoM meM pahalA maNDapa gUr3ha maNDapa kahalAtA thA, jo eka kakSa kA kAma karatA thA / isake uparAnta madhya bhAga meM eka bar3A kakSa hotA thA, jise raMga maNDapa, navaraMga yA nRtya maNDapa kahate haiM, jisameM nRtya evaM nATakIya kalAoM ke pradarzana kiye jAte the / tIsarA maNDapa balana maNDapa yA mukhamaNDapa kahalAtA thA, jo praveza maNDapa hotA thA / isI prakAra laMbarUpa dhurI ke AdhAra para mandira ke tIna bhAga hote the / mandira kA nicalA AdhAra bhAga adhiSThAna kahalAtA thA, madhya bhAga maNDovara tathA UparI bhAga zikhara hotA thA, jo Amalaka se maNDita hotA thA / isake atirikta bhI isa grantha meM prAsAda pITha, jagatI pITha, tala ghara, zikhara ke vibhinna bhAga tathA maNDovara bhAga kI saMracanA kA vivaraNa kiyA gayA hai aura isake liye viziSTa pAribhASika zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / 2 isake atirikta bhI isa kAla meM sthApatya ke mahattvapUrNa graMtha likhe gaye the / maNDana sUtradhAra viracita " prAsAda maNDana" meM caturmukha jina prAsAdoM kA nirmANa atIva kalyANakArI va sukhakAraka batAyA gayA hai / ataH isa kAla meM caturmukha jina prAsAdoM kA nirmANa adhika huA / ina maMdiroM ke zilpI abuda maNDala ke vAstukAroM ke sambandhI hI the / ataH prastara para kASTha-takSaNa jaisI nipuNatA dikhAne meM ye bhI pravINa the, kintu zatAbdiyoM ke antarAla se isa takSaNa meM vaisI prabhAvotpAdakatA nahIM raha pAI / mugala vAstu ke prabhAva se bhI mUla zAstrIya sthApatya mAnadaNDoM ko kucha parivartita honA par3A / caturmukha evaM samavasaraNa zailI ke mandira : isa kAla meM jaina sthApatya kI navIna zailI prArambha huI, jo hinduoM ke caturmukha zivaliMga kI nakala yA sUtradhAra maNDana ke grantha kA prabhAva thA / isa maMdira nirmANa meM 1. jaina sthApatya evaM kalA, pR0 362 / 2. prAsAda maMDana, pR0 212 /

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320 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma cAroM dizAoM meM daravAje evaM madhya garbhagRha meM caturmukha pratimA isa prakAra sthApita kI jAtI thI ki hara daravAje se usake darzana kiye jA skeN| isa prakAra kA eka caturmukha maMdira kumbhakarNa ke zAsanakAla meM raNakapura meM 1440 I0 meM poravAla zreSThI dharaNA ke dvArA nirmita karavAyA gyaa| isameM madhya meM AdinAtha kI caturmukhI pratimA hai, cAroM konoM para cAra upa maMdira haiM, kula 24 maNDapa aura 44 zikhara haiN| pA~ca mandira kakSoM para pA~ca gumbada haiM, pratyeka stambha takSaNa kalA meM dUsare se mela nahIM khAtA / khambhoM ko pratyeka dizA meM surucipUrNa krama se lagAyA gayA hai| zikharoM ke sAtha golAkAra gumbada sundara dikhAI dete haiM evaM madhyakAla kI mizrita vAstu zailI ke bhI paricAyaka haiM, jisake antargata meharAboM aura gumbadoM kA prayoga bhI hone laga gayA thaa| isa maMdira meM mUlyavAna pattharoM dvArA jar3Ava kA kAma karane kA bhI sabase pahale prayatna kiyA gayA hai| kumbhalagar3ha meM bhI isa prakAra kA eka jaina mandira hai, jo pUrvAbhimukha hai / isameM garbhagRha va eka sabhA maNDapa hai, jisameM tIna dizAoM se pahu~cA jA sakatA hai| garbhagRha ke cAra dvAra haiM evaM isake kendra ke cAroM tarapha cAra stambhoM ke avazeSa haiM, jisake Upara caMdavA ba~dhA huA hai| vedo para caturmukha pratimA nahIM hai, kintu caturmukha maMdira hone meM koI saMzaya nahIM hai / cittaur3a kA 'zRMgAra caMvarI" maMdira mUlarUpa se caturmukha mandira hI thaa| isake pUrva aura dakSiNa ke dvAra haTA diye gaye haiM evaM mUla svarUpa ko vikRta kara diyA gayA hai|" AbU meM 15vIM zatAbdI meM hI AdinAtha kA eka timaMjilA, cAroM tarapha se khule barAmade vAlA caumukha maMdira nirmita huA, jisameM gumbada, dhata va stambha haiM / aisA hI eka maMdira 1577 I0 meM sUratasiMha ke putra rAjasiMha ke zAsana meM sirohI meM banavAyA gyaa| kamalagar3ha meM golerA maMdira kA nAmakaraNa isake valayAkAra kSetra meM ghire huye hone ke kAraNa huaa| yaha eka pUrvAbhimukha samavasaraNa mandira thaa| yaha tathya dIvAroM ke konoM meM utkIrNa vibhinna devI-devatAoM kI mUrtiyoM ke vibhinna vargoM ko dekhane se spaSTa hotA hai / cittaur3a durga meM sthita jaina kIrti stambha 75 phITa U~cA, 8 maMjila vAlA hai / isameM sabase Upara eka gaMdha kuTI hai, jahA~ pahale caturmukha pratimA rahI hogii| 1. Asaieri, 1907-08, pR0 205-13 / 2. vistAra ke lie dekheM adhyAya caturtha / 3. madhyakAlIna bhAratIya kalAe~, pR0 78 / 4. proriAsavesa, 1908-09, pR0 40 / 5. vahI, 1903-04, pR0 42 / 6. hisTrI oNpha iMDiyana aiNDa IsTarna Aki0, pR0 43 / 7. proriAsavesa, 1905-06, pR0 47 / 8. vahI, 1908-09, pR0 40 / /

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jaina kalA : 321 anya jaina mandira : sAdar3I kA mandira, jo prAkRtika saundarya ke madhya, ghATI meM avasthita hai, rANA kumbhA ke dvArA banavAyA gayA sabase jaTila aura vizAla jaina mandira hai / 2004 200 phITa ke lagabhaga vargAkAra kSetra meM vistRta parisara ke madhya meM garbhagRha hai, jisameM 4 Ale haiM aura pratyeka Ale meM AdinAtha kI eka pratimA hai| usake Upara 4 anya AloM meM bhI jina mUrtiyA~ hai ye Ale bhavana kI chata para khulate haiN| prAMgaNa ke cAroM konoM meM cAra devAlaya aura unake caturdika 420 stambhoM para Tike huye bIsa gumbada haiM / inameM se 4 gumbada arthAt pratyeka samUha kA madhyavartI gumbada U~cAI meM tIna maMjilA hai, aura anya gumbadoM se U~cA dikhAI detA hai| praveza dvAra kA gumbada 16 stambhoM para AdhArita 36 phITa vyAsa kA hai, jabaki anya gumbada 24 phITa vyAsa vAle haiN| bhavana meM prakAza kA Agamana 4 khule huye prAMgaNoM se hotA hai| sampUrNa mandira choTe-choTe kakSoM se ghirA hai tathA pratyeka kakSa ke Upara pirAmiDanumA chata hai / madhyavartI zikhara meM nirmita 12 kakSoM ke atirikta, vibhinna AkAra-prakAra ke 86 kakSa Antarika kSetra ko ghere hue haiM, jinake sabhI hisse utkRSTa takSaNa se alaMkRta haiM / adhikAMza kakSoM meM tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ haiN| mandira kA samekita svarUpa darzaka para bahuta anukUla prabhAva chor3atA hai| isa mandira ke bAhya hisse meM koI sajAvaTa nahIM hai / phagyUsana ke anusAra-"bhavana meM atyadhika choTe-choTe khaNDoM kA honA sthApatya ke vaibhava kI dRSTi se isake adhikAra ko kama karatA hai, kintu unakA vaividhya tathA unameM varNita saundarya kA kinhIM bhI do stambhoM meM eka jaisA na honA, stambhoM ko vyavasthita karane kA zAlIna DhaMga, vibhinna U~cAI ke gumbadoM kA tAlamela, samatala vitAna, prakAza ke Agamana kI suniyojita vidhi, ye saba tathya saMyukta rUpa se atyadhika prabhAvita karate haiM / vAstava meM bhArata meM mujhe anya aise kisI bhavana kI jAnakArI nahIM hai, jo isa zreNI kA ho, jo itanA AlAdakArI prabhAva chor3a jAya yA jisake Antarika bhAga meM stambhoM kA itanA sundara saMyojana ho"|' jaisalamera durga meM cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha, RSabhadeva, zAntinAtha, saMbhavanAtha aura mahAvIra jaina mandira isI kAla meM nirmita hue / pIta pASANa meM bArIka kurAI aura alaMkaraNa ko samRddhi kI dRSTi se yahA~ ke mandira advitIya haiM / mandira ke vibhinna hissoM, garbhagRha kI dIvAroM Adi para pazu va mAnava AkRtiyA~ sundara DhaMga se tarAzI huI haiN| zikhara para sundara Amalaka, chatra va usa para sundara jala pAtra hai, jisameM eka kamala kA phUla hai / garbhagRha ke sAmane bhoga maNDapa va barAmadA hai| eka aSTa-koNIya naTa maNDapa bhI hai| 1. hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana eNDa IsTarna ArkiTekcara, pR0 241-242 / 2. vistAra ke lie adhyAya caturtha dekheN| 21

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322 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma mAroTha meM godhA va caudhariyoM ke mandira 14vIM va 15vIM zatAbdiyoM ke haiM / inakI Antarika sajjA va stambha darzanIya haiN| bIkAnera ke bhAMDAsara mandira kA garbhagRha golAkAra hai, jisake Upara do maMjileM haiM aura pratyeka maMjila 4 khulI bAlakaniyoM meM khulatI hai, jo Apasa meM sa~karI sIr3hiyoM se jur3I huI haiM / yaha mandira jaisalamera ke pIle patthara kA banA huA hai tathA rAjapUta va mugala sthApatya kA sundara sammizraNa hai / bIkAnera kA cintAmaNi mandira sthApatya kI dRSTi se aura bhI utkRSTa hai / rAva bIkA ke kAla meM 1503 I0 meM pIta prastara se nirmita garbhagRha, sabhA maNDapa, khulA barAmadA va anya kaI barAmade bane hue haiM / mandira kI saMracanA, stambha, stambhoM ke zikhara, gumbada, vitAna Adi gujarAtI mandiroM kI nakala dikhate haiM / jabaki phUla-pattiyoM ke alaMkaraNa, hastipaMktiyA~ Adi usa tathya kI dyotaka haiM, jisakI utpatti madhyakAla meM huI thI / isa mandira ke talagRha meM sirohI se lUTI gaI va akabara se punarprApta 1050 pratimAe~ haiM / bIkAnera kA hI neminAtha mandira sundara sthApatya kA nidarzana hai / isakA zikhara ATha sundara mAlAoM se susajjita hai / garbhagRha kA praveza-dvAra takSaNa yukta hai / alaMkaraNa meM vividha bimba yathA - latAe~, cakra, sitAre, puSpa, mAnavAkRtiyoM Adi kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra madhyakAlIna mandira zailI meM caturmukha zailI, samavasaraNa zailI Adi vikasita huI / rAjanaitika va sAmAjika prabhAva, mukhyataH muslima AkramaNoM kI AzaMkA ke kAraNa, kahIM-kahIM mandira ke AsapAsa durganumA dIvAra bhI dekhane ko milatI hai / sirohI ke mANDavADA, mera va saNapura ke jaina mandiroM ke dvAra kI zrRMgAra caukiyAM to rakSA caukiyA~ hI banA dI gaI thIM, jahA~ se yuddha ke samaya morce sa~bhAle jA sakate the / ataH isa kAla meM mandiroM kI durga zailI astitva meM AI / (3) uttara madhyakAla : 17vIM zatAbdI meM bhI mugala AkramaNa evaM vidhvaMsa kA khatarA barAbara banA rahatA thA / ataH surakSA kI nayI sthApatya zailI ke rUpa meM bhUmigata mandira bhI astitva meM Aye / koTA rAjya meM khAnapura ke nikaTa cAMdakher3I kA 1689 I0 meM nirmita mandira, na kevala durganumA hai, apitu isameM mUla garbhagRha hI bhUmigata hai, jo AkAra evaM vistAra meM Upara vAle garbhagRha ke samAna hI vistAra vAlA hai / Upara bhI mUrtiyA~ haiM, kintu zAstrokta pratiSThA bhUmigata garbhagRha kI mUrtiyoM kI hI hai / " isa prakAra ke bhUmigata kakSa aneka jaina mandiroM meM vibhinna sthAnoM para dekhane ko milate haiM / kezorAyapATana kA muni suvratanAtha mandira bhI sambhavataH isI kAla meM bhoyareM 1. koTA rAjya kA itihAsa, pR0 219 /

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jaina kalA : 321 meM punanirmita karavAyA gyaa|' 18vIM zatAbdI meM mandira kalA hrAsonmukha huI evaM Adhanika sthApatya kI vizeSatAyeM isameM prakaTa huIM / uttara madhya kAla meM nirmita mandira lAkSaNika dRSTi se prAcIna DhaMga ke hI hote the, inake gumbada, zikhara, stambha va alaMkaraNa kI viSaya sAmagrI purAtana hI thI / zailI evaM alaMkaraNa bhI bhavya evaM samRddha haiM, tathApi inameM maulika pavitratA evaM sAdagI kA abhAva hai| kahIM-kahIM para atyadhika AdhunikatA, bhaddA raMga saMyojana Adi ne jaina mandiroM ke svarUpa ko kucha vikRta sA banA diyA hai / (da) jaina rUpaprada kalA : ___ atyadhika purAne mandiroM ke astitva meM na hone ke kAraNa unake rUpAMkana kI bArIkiyoM kA anumAna nahIM lagAyA jA sktaa| bahuta se mandiroM meM jIrNoddhAra ke kAraNa kucha kalA pratIkoM ko kSati pahuMcI hai| vidyamAna takSaNa vaibhava ke AdhAra para rUpaprada kalA 3 svarUpoM meM dRSTavya hai(1) sajjAMkana : sajAvaTa ke vividha takSaNa prarUpoM meM lipaTe huye kAgaja ke baMDala jaisI AkRtiyA~, pazu AkRtiyA~, patra, puSpa, vRkSa evaM yatra-tatra mAnavAkRtiyA~ sammilita haiN| yaha kurAI sAmAnyataH daravAjoM, stambhoM aura vitAna sajjA ke liye prayukta hotI thii| AbU meM vimalavasahi ke mandira ke eka vitAna meM kalpavRkSa kA bahuta sundara takSaNa hai| mIrapura meM mandira kA takSaNa vaibhava bhI anupama hai / jaina kalA ke isa pahalU meM apanA koI nijatva nahIM hai, kyoMki ye hI zilpI anya dharmoM ke mandira Adi bhI banAte the| ataH aiso kalA ke pratimAna anyatra bhI haiM / (2) takSita pratimAe~ : rAjasthAna ke jaina mandiroM meM kaI tarAzI gaI pratimAe~ bhI haiM / mAravAr3a meM ghaTiyAlA ke mandira ke eka tAka meM, bA~yeM pAzva meM abhilekha tathA dA~yeM pArzva meM siMhArUr3ha, bArIka takSaNa kI utkRSTa prAcIna pratimA hai / isa devI ke AdhAra para hI isa tAka ko "mAtAjI kA sAla" kahate haiN| abhilekha ke anusAra yaha mandira "jina" ko samarpita hai / ataH yaha jaina devI ambikA pratIta hotI hai| pratimA kevala sajjA ke liye hai, isakA pUjana nahIM hotaa| sirohI rAjya meM varamANa ke mahAvIra mandira meM bArIka tarAzI huI eka kubera kI pratimA hai| iso mandira meM sabhA maNDapa ke pUrva ke barAmade ke vitAna para eka kurAI kI gaI citra paMkti hai, jisameM kendrIya AkRti gaja lakSmI hai, jisa para hAthI jala 1. vistAra ke liye adhyAya caturtha dekheN| 2. proriAsavesa, 1906-07, pR0 34 /

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324 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadhamaM uDela rahe haiM / ' mAravAr3a meM ghANerAva meM devAlaya ke khule maNDapa ke cabUtare para rUpAMkita AkRtiyoM ke samUha haiM / kendra meM pratimAe~ haiM, jinake kAnoM meM kuNDala haiM / pratimAoM ke sAmane do laghu mAnavAkRtiyoM para TikA huA eka jala pAtra hai / sirohI kSetra meM ajArI meM mahAvIra ke garbhagRha ke pRSTha tibAre meM eka bhagna nandIzvara dvIpa kI mUrti hai / 3 nandIzvara dvIpa kA rUpaprada takSaNa kizanagar3ha ke nikaTa rUpanagara 4 tathA pAlI jile meM nANA" ke mandiroM meM bhI dekhane ko milatA hai / raNakapura ke caumukha mandira meM garbhagRha ke uttara-pazcima meM eka bar3e upa devAlaya meM sammedazikhara kA sundara rUpAMkana hai / isake ThIka sAmane adhUrI hI chUTI huI eka aSTApada kI saMgatarAzI hai / sammedazikhara ke devAlaya ke bAhara dAhinI tarapha giranAra aura zatruMjaya pahAr3iyoM kI racanA tathA uttara meM nalamaNDapa meM sahastrakUTa kA rUpaprada aMka hai / nAgadA ke padmAvatI mandira meM devAlaya meM eka vilakSaNa takSita rUpAMkana hai, jisake kendra meM dhyAnastha prabhA valaya sahita jinAkRti hai / AsapAsa havA meM ur3ate huye gandhavaM va kinnara, tikonI TopI dhAraNa kiye huye va caMvara pakar3e huye haiM / AsapAsa va Upara choTe-choTe khaNDoM meM tIrthaMkara, kendrIya AkRti ke dA~yIM tarapha gajArUr3ha indra va vAma pArzva meM ambikA citrita haiM / kendrIya AkRti ke nIce kA hissA tIna khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai / madhya meM do mRgoM para TikA huA cakra tathA zeSa donoM meM siMha utkIrNa haiM | yaha rUpAMkana mAtra kalAtmaka nipuNatA darzAne ke liye huA hai / kheDA ke jaina mandira meM do tarAzI huI kRtiyoM meM, dhAraka haiM / eka rUpAMkana meM siMhArUr3ha mUrti va dUsare meM AsapAsa pUrNaM khile do kamala puSpoM para do hAthI khar3e haiM / " jaina mandira meM garbhagRha ke daravAje ke bA~yeM pArzva para tarAzI huI eka sundara pratimA hai / isameM mAnavAkRtiyA~ bhI haiM, jo doharI chatrI ke saMgamaramara ke stambhoM para eka chatrI hai, jisameM nIce khar3I haiM / inake alAvA zveta digambara paMtha ke vibhinna AcAryoM ke 1. proriAsavesa, 1916-17, pR0 71 / 2. vahI, 1907-08, pR0 59 / 3. vahI, 1905-06, pR0 49 / 4. vahI, 1910 - 11, pR0 42 / 5. vahI, 1907-08, pR0 49 / 6. Asaiairi, 1907-08, pR0 213 / 7. proriAsavesa, 1904-05, pR0 61 / 8. vahI, 1911 - 12, pR0 56 / pratyeka meM tIrthaMkara va ca~vara kamalAsIna mUrti hai, jisake cAtasU ke 8vIM zatAbdI ke

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jaina kalA : 325 bimba ukere gaye haiM / mAravAr3a meM sevAr3I mahAvIra mandira ke garbhagRha kI bAhya dIvAroM para sundara AkRtiyA~ rUpAyita hai, jo 10vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kI pratIta hotI haiM / dakSiNa meM tIna AkRtiyAM haiM / prathama eka nAga strI kI hai, jisake kAnoM meM kuNDala va jhumake, bA~yeM hAtha meM DhAla va dAyeM hAtha meM khaNDita khaDga hai| isake sira para sarpa phaNa kA chatra hai| sarpa kI kuNDaliyA~ pA~voM ko chU rahI haiM / dUsarI AkRti eka tAka meM kAyotsarga mudrA meM, gale meM hAra va kaupIna dhAraNa kiye huye haiM / Ale ke Upara padmAsanastha jinAkRtiyAM haiM / tRtIya AkRti eka nagna kSetrapAla kI hai, jisake Upara vAle hAtha meM sarpa va dUsare meM daNDa hai / uttarI dIvAra para bhI tIna AkRtiyA~ haiN| kendrIya AkRti eka tAka meM hai| dUsarI AkRti kucha khaNDita sI hai, jisake dAhine pA~va ke nIce usakA vAhana manuSya hai / isake kAna chidrita haiM, jinameM bAliyAM haiN| tIsarI AkRti khar3I huI brahmA kI hai, jinake eka hAtha meM kamaNDalu va dUsare meM gulAba kI DAlI hai| unake dAr3hI hai tathA pAMva meM khar3Ava haiM / banda sabhA maNDapa meM jaina guru kI eka AkRti hai, jo siMhAsana para baiThe haiM va pA~va eka pIThikA para haiN| eka ziSya pA~va sApha kara rahA hai, pIche pothI sTeNDa para dUsarA ziSya kAgaja ko phailA rahA hai| tIsarA ziSya unake ugaura ko pakar3e huye hai / sAmane pAnI kI surAhI aura takhta hai| guru ke vAma skandha ke pAsa bhI eka ugora hai| guru kI pITha para takiyA, bA~yeM hAtha meM grantha va dAhinA chAtI ke pAsa hai| unake gale meM eka hAra bhI hai| isake atirikta sAmane ke barAmade meM eka sarasvatI kI AkRti ___ AbU ke jaina mandiroM meM sarasvatI va ambikA kI AkRtiyoM ke sundara rUpaprada aMkana haiM / vimala vasahi mandira ke purAtattva saMgraha kI paMkti meM sarasvatI kI eka sundara rUpAkRti hai, jisake cAroM hAthoM meM pustaka, kamaNDala, vINA va gulAba pradarzita haiN| isI mandira meM eka vitAna para 16 bhujAoM vAlI sarasvatI pratimA hai, jisake cAroM tarapha nRtyarata puruSAkRtiyAM haiN| bhadrAsana meM virAjita devI ke dAhine hAthoM meM kamala, kauMca va varada-mudrA tathA tIna bAyeM hAthoM meM kamala, pustaka va kamaNDala dikhAI dete haiM / zeSa hAtha khaNDita haiM / AdhAra meM haMsAkRti hai| lUNavasahi mandira ke stambha para sarasvatI kI bhadrAsana meM virAjamAna AkRti hai, jo pUrvokta AkRti se sAmya rakhatI hai| kevala bA~yeM hAtha meM pustaka ke sthAna para kamaNDala hai / _ vimalavasahi ke mandira ke eka vitAna meM devI ambikA kI bIsa bhujAoM vAlI rUpaprada AkRti hai / ambikA lalitAsana meM siMhArUr3ha haiN| inake hAthoM meM khaDga, zakti, sarpa, gadA, DhAla, kulhAr3I, kamaNDala tathA abhaya aura varada mudrAe~ pradarzita haiM / zeSa cihna AMzika yA pUrNa bhagna haiN| devI ne mukuTa, bAliyA~, kuNDala, hAra, mAlA, mekhalA, bAjUbaMda, adhovastra aura uttarIya dhAraNa kiyA huA hai| jaisalamera ke jaina mandiroM meM

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326 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma lagabhaga 7-8 hajAra mUrtiyA~ haiN| pArzvanAtha ke mandira kI chata meM eka mUrti, eka sira aura pA~ca dhar3oM kI nirAlI zobhA ke sAtha pradarzita hai| kisI bhI koNa se dekhane para darzaka ko yaha mUrti apane sAmane hI pratIta hotI hai| isI mandira ke bAhara eka patthara para aneka choTe-choTe mandira evaM mUrtiyA~ aMkita hai / yahA~ jau ke AkAra jitane mandira meM eka laghutama jina mUrti hai, jisako dekhane ke liye dUrabIna kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / rUpaprada kalA kI yaha anupama kRti hai| (3) varNanAtmaka rUpAMkana : rAjasthAna ke aneka jaina mandiroM meM bArIka takSaNa ke mAdhyama se aneka kathA prasaMga va ghaTanAoM ke citraNa rUpAMkita haiN| sirohI rAjya ke kolara ke jaina mandira ke praveza dvAra para makarAnA kI eka prastara lATa para, kisI tIrthaMkara ke jIvana kI kAlpanika kahAnI tarAzI huI hai| bAyeM kone meM eka rAnI chatra lage huye takhta para vizrAmarata hai / isase kramazaH dAyI tarapha hAthI, sA~Da, ghor3A, sUrya evaM candra, kuza, kalaza, cahara-dIvArI vAlA nagara, nadI, mandira, sahastra-liMga aura ratha citrita haiN| bA~yeM kone para utkIrNa vAkyAMza ke AdhAra para isa rUpAMkana meM mahArAnI trizalA devI 14 svapna dekha rahI haiM / sirohI rAjya ke kAlaMdarI sthAna ke mahAvIra jaina mandira ke garbhagRha para eka tarAzI huI citrapaMkti hai, jisameM eka bhakta kapota ko kucha khilA rahA hai| AbU ke jaina mandiroM meM vitAnoM evaM anya satahoM para rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata kAvyoM kI asaMkhya ghaTanAoM ke rUpaprada aMkana haiN| kRSNa janma kA dRzya aura unakI vividha lIlAyeM nipuNatA se ukerI huI haiN| rUpAMkana kI ghaTanAyeM va kathAnaka "zatrujaya mAhAtmya" se bhI liye gaye haiN| raMga maNDapa meM bharata bAhubali yuddha kA dRzya, neminAtha kI bArAta Adi mahIna pAradarzakatA ke sAtha tarAze huye haiN| tIrthaMkaroM ke pUrva bhava kI ghaTanAyeM sundaratA se rUpAyita hai| rAjasthAna ke anekoM jaina mandiroM meM isa prakAra ke asaMkhya rUpaprada aMkana haiN| (ya) jaina kalA-niSkarSa evaM samAlocanA : (1) jaina zailI ke citroM meM sabase bar3I vizeSatA unake cakSu citraNa meM hai, jo jaina sthApatya evaM zilpa se AI hai| prAcIna jaina pratimAoM meM yaha rUpa dekhA jA sakatA hai / inameM netra uThe huye aura bAhara kI ora ubhare huye haiM tathA inako lambAI kAnoM ko chUtI huI tathA bhavoM evaM netroM kA phailAva samAna hai| (2) citroM meM raMga-saMyojana kI dRSTi se pRSThabhUmi meM bahudhA lAla raMga kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| AvazyakatAnusAra pIle, nIle, zveta tathA anya raMga bhI prayukta huye haiM / tAr3apatroM para aMkita jaina citroM meM prAyaH pIle raMga kA prayoga huA hai| svarNa raMga

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jaina kalA : 327 bhI upayoga meM lAyA gayA hai evaM kucha citroM meM pRSThabhUmi pIle tathA lAla raMga ke mizraNa se nirmita hai| vastra citroM para raMgoM kA prayoga karate samaya choTe-choTe dhabbe bhI haiN| (3) rekhAoM kI dRSTi se jaina citra bahuta sampanna hai| rekhAoM kA uddezya bhAvoM ko abhivyakta karanA hotA hai| isa dRSTi se tAr3apatrIya citroM kI rekhAyeM itanI sadhI huI aura sundara hai ki kalAkAra kI pratibhA aura dakSatA prazaMsanIya lagatI hai| (4) svarNa va rajata sAmagrI se bahumUlya citra nirmANa bhI jaina zailI kI vizeSatA hai| kAgaja ke citroM meM, granthoM ke hAziye meM kiyA gayA prAkRtika dRzyoM kA sundara aMkana, isase pUrva kahIM dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| belabUToM kA citraNa to advitIya hai| rAjapUta evaM mugala zailI meM isa prakAra kA citraNa jaina zailI se hI liyA gyaa| granthoM meM lipi lekhana ke madhya chatra-kamala, svastika Adi ke aMkana unakI zobhA meM cAra cA~da lagA dete haiN| (5) dharma pradhAna jaina citroM meM nArI rUpoM kA aMkana nizcita sImA taka hI huA hai, phira bhI jaina zailI meM inakA utkRSTa citraNa huA hai| jaina tIrthaMkaroM ke pArzva meM yakSa-yakSiNiyoM Adi ke citroM meM saumyatA va zAlInatA hai| tIrthaMkaroM kI AnuSaMgika deviyoM ke citra ujjvala va loka zailI meM haiM aura unakI vastrasajjA aura hastamudrAoM meM kalAtmakatA va mAdhurya hai / (6 ) vastrAbharaNoM ke citraNa meM bhI jaina citroM meM vaiziSTya hai / dhotiyoM kI sajjA evaM vastroM para svarNa kalama se ubhAre gaye belabUTe, dupaTTe aura mukuTa darzanIya haiM / striyoM ke zarIra para colI, cUnara, raMgIna dhotI aura kaTi uttarIya darzAye gaye haiM / AbhUSaNoM meM mukuToM aura mAlAoM kI adhikatA hai / striyoM ke bhAla para biMdI, kAnoM meM kuNDala, bA~hoM meM bAjUbaMda pradarzita haiM / sabhI citra ratnamAlAoM se alaMkRta haiN| (7) citroM kA AkAra eka cazma, Der3ha cazma aura do cazma hai / inameM Thor3I seva kI taraha bAhara kI ora ubharI huI hai aura usakI nIce kI rekhA meM garva tathA abhimAna prakaTa karane ke uddezya se jholA diyA gayA hai| jaina muniyoM kI Thor3iyA~ trizUla kI bhA~ti tIna rekhAoM se darzAyI gayI haiN| nAsikA zuka caMcu kI taraha nukIlI aura anupAta se adhika lambI hai| (8) jaina citroM meM tatkAlIna loka kalA sacce arthoM meM abhivyakta huI hai, loka kalA kA sammAna isameM isaliye huA, kyoMki yaha dhArmika sImAoM se ba~dhI rahI tathA rAjyAzrayoM ke vilAsamaya vAtAvaraNa se bhI mukta rhii| isa loka kalA ke citraNa kA AdhAra tIrthaMkaroM kI jIvaniyAM va manoraMjaka kathAe~ rahIM, jinameM tatkAlIna loka-jIvana, loka-saMskRti aura loka-vicAroM kI abhivyaMjanA hai|

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328 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadhamaM (9) ahiMsA pradhAna jaina dharma meM jIva dayA aura lokopakAra kI jo mahatI bhAvanA sarvatra vyApta hai, jaina kalAkAroM ne usase preraNA prApta kara aisI kalAkRtiyoM kA nirmANa kiyA, jinameM apAra zAMti aura apArthiva vizrAMti kA bhAva dhvanita hotA hai / ina kRtiyoM ko itanI mAnyatA prApta hone kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki inameM mahAn mAnavIya AdarzoM ko prastuta karane kA sarAhanIya prayAsa huA hai / " (10) jaina vAstukalA dharmAzrita vAstukalA kI vilakSaNatA ko prakaTa karatI hai / sAmAjika aura rAjanaitika parivartana ke sAtha, sthApatya kI zailiyA~ bhI vikasita va parivartita hotI rahIM / pUrva madhyakAla meM sUkSmatA va dakSatA carama sImA para pahu~ca jAtI hai, jisameM mUrti-takSaNa aura mandira nirmANa kI zailiyoM meM samanvaya dikhAI dene lagatA hai / sthApatya kI yaha navacetanA sAMskRtika vijaya kA ujjvala pramANa hai / mAnava ke dhArmika vikAsa aura saMrakSaNa meM zilpI ne dArzanika va kalAkAra kI haisiyata se isa yuga ke stara ko Upara uThAne meM bar3A yogadAna diyA / (11) isa samUce kAla kI mUrtikalA ko hI prabhAvita kiyA, AbhArita kiyA / ina mandiroM se kramika vikAsa spaSTa hotA hai / hotI hai / saundarya tathA AdhyAtmika cetanA ne na kevala varan mandira nirmANa yojanAoM ko apane sparza se usa yuga ke sAmAjika tathA sAMskRtika vikAsa kA inako dekhane se saundarya evaM zAMti kI AbhA prasphuTita ( 12 ) sthApatya para vAtAvaraNa ke prabhAva ke yathocita mahattva ko samajhate huye, hinduoM kI apekSA jainoM ne apane mandira nirmANa ke liye sadaiva prAkRtika sthAnoM ko hI cunA (13) jaina kalA aura sthApatya meM jaina dharma aura jaina saMskRti ke saiddhAMtika aura bhAvanAtmaka Adarza atyadhika pratiphalita huye haiM / (14) jaina kalA ke svarNaM yuga ke pratIkoM aura mandiroM meM, AcAra pratipAdaka dRzyoM aura paramparAgata zilpI siddhAntoM meM vaividhya aura vaicitrya dikhAI detA hai / toraNa dvAroM, gumbajoM, sabhA maNDapoM va vividha staroM meM bhAva sUcaka zilpa ke utkRSTa namUne dikhAI dete haiM / delavAr3A samudAya ke mandiroM ke utkIrNana meM kalAkAra ne dhairya aura gAmbhIrya ko pradhAnatA dI hai / isI prakAra arthaNA, osiyA, nADaula, nAgadA Adi ke vividha mandiroM 1. vAcaspati gairolA - bhAratIya citrakalA kA itihAsa, pR0 50-52 / 2. ei, 34, aMka 2, pR0 53-58 / 3. erirAmyUa 1929, pR0 1-2 // 4. laoNgaharsTa, hampI rUinsa, madrAsa, pR0 99 / 5. jyoti prasAda jaina --jaina sorsesa oNpha da hisTrI oNpha enzyenTa iMDiyA, a0 10 /

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jaina kalA : 329 ke zilpa meM AtmotthAna ke bhAva pratibimbita hote haiN| yahAM ke kalAkAroM ne apanI bArIka chainI se, bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti ke amara tattvoM kA unmIlana kara, janajIvana para usakA adbhuta prakAza DAlA hai| yahA~ paramAtmA kI ArAdhanA, sAdhuoM kI vANI kA zravaNa, arcana Adi gambhIratama bhAvoM ko aMkita kara kalAkAra ne uccatama kalpanA kA stara nirdhArita karane meM saphala prayatna kA pradarzana kiyA hai| ina mandiroM meM jahA~ hama aneka dalIya kamala kI paMkhur3iyA~ pAte haiM, vahA~ hama anubhava karate haiM ki bhagavAna se sAkSAtkAra ke bhAva jAgrata ho rahe haiM / (15) madhyakAla meM samakAlIna paristhitiyoM ke prabhAva se mandira sthApatya meM durga zailI, dhArmika unnayana ke prabhAva se caumukha zailI aura surakSAtmaka dRSTi se bhUmigata mandira nirmANa zailI kI vidhAe~ vikasita huii| madhyakAla ke takSaNa, citraNa meM jaina mandiroM meM yatra-tatra zaurya ke bhAvoM kA pradarzana bhI takSaNa se nibaddha hai / kAmuka AkRtiyoM ke citraNa meM hamezA dhArmika bhAvanA kA avarodha rhaa| raNakapura ke jaina pArzvanAtha mandira kI dIvAroM meM utkIrNa kAma dRzyoM ke apavAda ne use "vezyA mandira" ko saMjJA 'dilavA dI, kyoMki jaina sthApatya meM aisA citraNa apavAda svarUpa hI dekhane ko milatA hai, anyathA samakAlIna va pUrvakAlIna hindU va vaiSNava mandiroM meM isa prakAra kA citraNa sAmAnya bAta rahI hai va unheM kisI apavAdAtmaka saMjJA kA zikAra nahIM honA pdd'aa| (16) pUrva madhyakAlIna jaina citrakalA ko katipaya vidvAnoM ne 'jaina kalA' saMjJA se abhihita karane meM atyadhika Akroza prakaTa kiyA hai / vastutaH isa kalA ko "jaina zailI" kahanA hI adhika upayukta hai, kyoMki yaha kalAtmaka sarjana na kevala jainAcAryoM aura jaina matAvalambiyoM ke saMrakSaNa meM astitva meM AyA, apitu ina kalA granthoM ko jainetara granthoM ke sAtha jainiyoM ne hI granthAgAroM meM muslima vidhvaMsa se bhI bacAye rkhaa| vidvAnoM ne jaina kalA ke citrakAroM ko braza va DaMDI lekara gujarAta meM citra nirmANa ke liye sar3akoM para ghUmate huye bhI batAyA hai| itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki koI kAlakhaNDa aisA nahIM rahA, jabaki kalA kevala svAntaH sukhAya rahI ho aura usameM vyava-sAyikatA na rahI ho| phira jaina kalA to rAjasthAnI zailI meM mugala kalA ke sAtha hI -samAhita huI hai aura isakI bhUmikA isa navIna zailI kI nIMva svarUpa rahI hai| nIMva ke prastara to anagar3ha hI hote haiM, jo imArata kI bhavyatA ko sthAyitva pradAna karate haiM / isa dRSTi se jaina kalA ko "kupar3a" kalAkAroM dvArA nirmita, Adi kI saMjJA denA ucita pratIta nahIM hotaa| 1. Asari, bhAga 23, kaniMghama / 2. rAyakRSNadAsa-bhAratIya citrakalA, pR0 20-32 /

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adhyAya SaSTha jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM racita jaina sAhitya kathya evaM zilpa kI dRSTi se bahuraMgI va bahuAyAmI hai| abhI taka jitanA sAhitya prakAza meM AyA hai, usase kahIM adhika vibhinna zAstra bhaNDAroM meM banda va aprakAzita hai| vibhinna jainAcAryoM va vidvAnoM ne apane prabhAva kSetra ke logoM ke svabhAva va dezakAla ko dhyAna meM rakhakara vaividhyapUrNa sAhitya kI racanA kii| madhyayaga meM videzI AkramaNoM se rAjanItika dRSTi se parAsta hone para ina muniyoM ne bhakti, dharma aura sAhitya ke dharAtala se sAMskRtika Andolana kI prakriyA ko jArI rkhaa|| rAjasthAna kI sAMskRtika va sAhityika parAmparA ko akSuNNa aura satata pravAhamAna banAye rakhane meM jaina sAhitya kA aparimita yogadAna hai| prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, rAjasthAnI hindI aura anya sthAnIya bhASAoM meM vipula sAhitya racA gayA / 13vIM zatAbdI taka rAjasthAna ke jaina sAhitya kA svarNa kAla mAnA jAtA hai / 13vIM zatAbdI taka kI Agama**, darzana, sAhitya, Agamika vyAkhyAe~, kAvya grantha Adi mUla rUpa se likhe gaye / vibhinna kathAnakoM evaM caritra nAyakoM para prAthamika sAhitya nibaddha huaa| vibhinna bhASAoM meM mahAkAvya race gye| bahu AyAmI vaijJAnika sAhitya, bhUgola, jyotiSa, gaNita, chaMdAlaMkAra, zabdakoSa, vaidyaka Adi kA sRjana huaa| paravartI sAhitya meM, 13vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt ukta sAhitya ko AdhArabhUta yA bIja mAnakara vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya kI sarjanA kI gaI, ataH madhyakAla meM stutiparaka bhakti sAhitya vividha bhASAoM meM, mUla nAyakoM para hI likhA gayA tathA vyAkhyAe~, bhASya, TIkA, bAlAvabodha, vRttiyA~, cUNiyA~, vacanikAe~ Adi adhika likhI gii| rAjasthAnI sAhitya vipula parimANa meM sRjita huaa| yahA~ taka ki mugala kAla ke pazcAt hindI kA svarUpa vikasita ho jAne para bhI lokabhASA kA prAdhAnya sAhitya sajana meM rahA, kyoMki jaina sAhityakAroM kA mUla uddezya pAMDitya pradarzana nahIM, apitu lokabhASA ke mAdhyama se lokabhAvanA se. jur3akara naitika unnayana karanA va jaina dharma kI prabhAvanA phailAnA thaa| ** isameM 11 aMga, 12 upAMga, 6 chedasUtra, 4 mUlasUtra, 10 prakIrNaka tathA anuyoga dvAra sUtra aura naMdisUtra nAmaka 2 sUtra sammilita the| kucha vidvAn inameM bhadrabAhu kI 12 niyuktiyoM, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, 20 aura prakIrNaka, pardUSaNa kalpa, jIvakalpa sUtra, zrAddhajIta kalpa, pAkSika sUtra, vaMdita sUtra, kSamaNa sUtra, yatijIta kalpa aura RSibhASita ko bhI jor3ate haiM / isa prakAra kula sUtroM kI saMkhyA 84 ho jAtI hai|

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 331 samakAlIna rAjanItika, dhArmika, sAmAjika, va Arthika paristhitiyoM kA prabhAva sAhitya ke parimANa para hI nahIM, apitu viSaya sAmagrI para bhI dekhane ko milatA hai / madhyakAlIna va uttara madhyakAlIna jaina zreSThiyoM kI sampannatA, tathA jainAcAryoM dvArA muslima barbaratA se sAhitya ko surakSita rakhane ke liye jJAna bhaNDAroM kI sthApanA ke pariNAma svarUpa, pazcAtvartI zatAbdiyoM meM maulika sAhitya sRjana kA parimANa kama rahA tathA donoM vargoM ke dvArA mUla lekhana ke sthAna para prAcIna sAhityika dharohara ke pratilipikaraNa va vibhinna sthAnoM para unakI surakSA kI vyavasthA hI mukhya dhyeya rhaa| rAjasthAna meM racita jaina sAhitya ko pahicAnane meM kaThinAiyA~ 8vIM zatAbdI se pUrva na to "rAjasthAna" kA prayoga eka pradeza vizeSa ke rUpa meM milatA hai aura na usa samaya ke pracalita "marU" se hI Adhunika rAjasthAna kA samagra citra ubharatA hai|' sAhitya sRjana kI dRSTi se 15vIM zatAbdI taka rAjasthAna kA jo bRhattara rUpa sAmane AtA hai, usa kI sImA rekhAeM' AgarA, yaudheya pradeza, saurASTra tathA rASTrakUTa taka phailI huI dikhAI detI haiM / isa zatAbdI se pUrva kI jaina kRtiyoM ke sambandha meM yaha nirNaya karanA atyanta kaThina hai ki inameM se kitanI rAjasthAna meM likhI gaI yA kauna-kauna sI racanAeM rAjasthAnI jaina kaviyoM kI dena haiN| lekhakoM ke spaSTa itivRtta ke abhAva meM kevala isa tathya ko hI pramukhatA nahIM dI jA sakatI ki rAjasthAna ke kisI zAstra bhaNDAra meM upalabdha hone ke kAraNa hI vaha rAjasthAnI hai, athavA rAjasthAna se bAhara upalabdha hone ke kAraNa vaha kisI rAjasthAnI jaina kavi kI racanA nahIM hai| jaina sAhitya adhikAMzataH bhramaNazIla muniyoM ke dvArA racA gayA / ataH unake dvArA racita kRti kA sthAna nirdhArita karane meM bar3I kaThinAI hotI hai| aise kaI udAharaNa haiM, jinameM koI lekhaka rAjasthAna meM to paidA huA, gujarAta meM usakI dIkSA huI aura sArI kRtiyA~ usane vahIM rcii| bahuta se aise udAharaNa bhI haiM, jo gujarAta meM paidA huye, kintu unakA kAryakSetra rAjasthAna rahA / isI prakAra kucha kRtiyoM kI racanA rAjasthAna meM prArambha huI, kintu pUrNa gujarAta meM huI, yA gujarAta meM prArambha karake rAjasthAna meM samApta kI gii| rAjasthAna va gujarAta prAcIna kAla se hI sAMskRtika va dhArmika ekatA meM nibaddha rhe| inakI bhASAoM meM bhI ekarUpatA dekhane ko milatI hai / rAjasthAna aura gujarAta ke pavitra sthAnoM meM dharma-pracAra va loka-kalyANa ke kAraNa jaina santa eka prAnta se dUsare meM prAyaH bhramaNazIla rahate the| jaina sAhitya ke sAhityakAroM evaM unakI racanAoM ko rAjasthAna se sambandhita siddha karane ke lie kucha adhArabhUta sAmagrI kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai, jaise-graMthoM kI prazastiyoM evaM kRtiyoM meM rAjasthAna ke nagaroM evaM mandiroM kA ullekha, racanAkAroM ke gaccha evaM guru paramparA kA rAjasthAna 1. "marU", paumacariu, 30/2, 82/6 /

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332 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma se sambandha, pratimAlekhoM, abhilekhoM va paTTAvaliyoM meM grantha evaM granthakAra se sambandhita ullekha tathA rAjasthAna kI prasiddha jAtiyoM evaM rAjavaMzoM se granthakAroM kA sambandha Adi / ina tathyoM ke atirikta gujarAta, mAlavA Adi ke prAcIna itihAsa meM bhI rAjasthAna ke racanAkAroM evaM AcAryoM kA paricaya yatra-tatra upalabdha ho jAtA hai / (a) pUrva madhyakAla : (1) prAkRta sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra: prAkRta mUlataH janabhASA rahI hai / mahAvIra ne isI ko apane siddhAntoM ke pracAraprasAra kA mAdhyama banAyA thaa| pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke pahale vidyamAna Agamika sAhitya paramparA kA ullekha "pUrva" zabda se huA hai, kintu Aja yaha sAhitya paramparA upalabdha nahIM hai / isI paramparA se vartamAna meM upalabdha prAkRta sAhitya kI utpatti mAnI jA sakatI hai| adhikAMza prAkRta sAhitya jaina dharma aura saMskRti se sambaddha hai, jisakI mUla paramparA 'zruta" athavA "Agama" ke nAma se vyavahRta huI hai, jo dIrghakAla taka zruti paramparA ke mAdhyama se surakSita rhii| jainAcAryoM ne prAkRta kI hara vidhA ko samRddha kiyaa| prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa aura saMskRti kA hara prAMgaNa prAkRta sAhitya kA RNI hai| Adhunika sAhitya sRjana ke liye yaha upa-jIvya bnaa| premAkhyAnaka kAvyoM ke vikAsa meM prAkRta jaina kathA sAhitya ko bhulAyA nahIM jA sktaa| saMskRta caMpU aura carita kAvyoM ke preraka bhI prAkRta grantha hI haiN| kAvya zAstrIya siddhAMtoM ke pratipAdana ke sAtha hI darzana, bhASA vijJAna, vyAkaraNa aura itihAsa taka meM rAjasthAnI prAkRta jaina sAhitya samRddha hai| prAkRta bhASA meM likhe gaye granthoM kA sarvekSaNa va mUlyAMkana rAjasthAna ke jainAcAryoM ko isa thAtI ko aura spaSTa * karatA hai| 8vIM zatAbdI kI kucha prArambhika racanAoM meM unake racayitA ke sAtha-sAtha unake racanA sthaloM aura samaya kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| sambhavataH rAjasthAna meM 4thI yA 5vIM zatAbdI meM prAkRta grantha lekhana prArambha ho gayA hogA, kyoMki isa yuga meM deza meM vipula sAhitya racA jA rahA thaa| jaina sAhitya ko dRSTi se yaha yuga AgamoM para bhASya Adi likhe jAne kA thaa| jainAcArya apanI TIkAoM meM prAkRta kA prayoga adhika kara rahe the| prAkRta meM laukika kAvyAdi bhI race jA rahe the, ataH pUrNa saMbhAvanA hai ki rAjasthAna meM bhI prAkRta meM racanA huI ho / 1. rAdhU e, bIkAnera / 2. premasumana, rAjaisA, pR0 19 / 3. mehatA, mohana lAla-Agamika vyAkhyAe~, jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa, 3 /

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 333 rAjasthAna meM gupta yuga ke jainAcAryoM meM AcArya siddhasena divAkara evaM elAcArya kA cittaur3a se sambandha batAyA jAtA hai| siddhasena divAkara 5vIM zatAbdI ke bahuprajJa vidvAna the / "prabhAvaka-caritra" aura "prabandha-koSa' meM inake cittaur3a yAtrA ke ullekha prApta haiM / "divAkara" kI padavI bhI inheM cittaur3a meM hI prApta huI thii| ataH sambhava hai ki siddhasena kI sAhitya racanA kA kSetra mevAr3a hI rahA ho| inakA prAkRta meM racita "sanmati taka' nAmaka grantha rAjasthAna kI prathama prAkRta racanA mAnI jA sakatI hai / 2 prAkRta ke prArambhika sAhityakAroM va vidvAnoM meM siddhasena ke bAda elAcArya ko smaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, jinake ziSya vIrasena ne vikrama kI 8vIM zatAbdI meM prAkRta kI mahattvapUrNa racanA "dhavalA" TIkA ke rUpa meM nibaddha kii| 8vIM zatAbdI meM rAjasthAnI prAkRta sAhitya paryApta samRddha ho cukA thaa| pUrva madhyakAlIna prAkRta sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra nimna prakAra se haiM : 1. AcArya haribhadra sUri-haribhadra sUri rAjasthAna ke jaina jagata ke jyotirdhara nakSatra the| inake samaya ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM vibhinna mata the / purAtattvavettA jinavijaya ne prabala pramANoM se inakA jIvana kAla 700 I0 se 770 I0 siddha kara diyA hai| inakA janma cittaur3a meM huA thA aura yahI inakA kAryakSetra bhI thaa| ye janmanA brAhmaNa evaM rAjA jitAri ke purohita the / AcArya jinadatta se jaina dIkSA grahaNa karane ke uparAnta inhoMne jaina sAhitya kI apUrva sevA kii| vistAra, vividhatA va guNavattA ina tInoM dRSTiyoM se inakI racanAe~ rAjasthAna ke jaina sAhitya meM mahattvapUrNa haiM / 5 haribhadrasUri viracita granthoM kI saMkhyA "pratikramaNa artha dIpikA" ke AdhAra para 1444, "caturdazazata prakaraNa prottuMga prAsAda sUtraNekasUtra dhArai", ityAdi pATha ke anusAra 1400 tathA rAjazekhara sUri kRta "caturvizati prabandha" ke AdhAra para 1440 mAnI jAtI hai / muni jinavijaya ke anusAra inake upalabdha grantha 28 haiM, jinameM se 20 chapa cuke haiN| gRhasthAzrama meM ye saMskRta ke prakAMDa paMDita the| zramaNa banane para prAkRta kA gaharAI se adhyayana kiyA aura isa para pUrNa adhikAra kara liyaa| inhoMne dharma, darzana, yoga, jyotiSa, stuti prabhRti viSayoM para prAkRta bhASA meM grantha likhe haiN| inakI mukhya kRtiyA~-"upadezapada", "paMcavastu", "samyaktva saptati", "laghu saMghayaNI", "zrAvaka prajJapti", "paMcAzaka", . 1. saMghavI, sukhalAla-sanmati prakaraNa-prastAvanA / 2. rAjaisA, pR0 19 / 3. jaisaMzo, varSa 1, aMka 1 / 4. sukhalAla, samadarzI AcArya haribhadra, pR0 6 / 5. jaisAsai, pR0 159-160 / 6. jaisaMzo, varSa 1, aMka 1 / 7. jainana, pR0 6 /

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334 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma "vizati vizikA", "saMboha pagaraNa", "dhamma saMgahaNI", "yogavizikA", "yogazataka", "kathAkoSa ", " dhUrtAkhyAna", "samarAiccakahA, "lagnazuddhi", "kathAkoha", "lagnakuMDaliyA~" Adi haiM / jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta meM likhita va kahIM kahIM para zaurasenI prAkRta ke prabhAva sahita likhita kRti "samarAiccakahA " prAkRta kI eka zreSTha kRti hai / jo sthAna saMskRta sAhitya meM " kAdambarI' kA hai, vahI sthAna prAkRta meM isa grantha kA hai / isa vistRta kathAgrantha meM bhAratIya jIvana kI vividha chaTAoM kA manohara, sUkSma va alaMkRta citraNa hai / lAkSaNika zailI meM racita vyaMgopahAsa kI zreSTha racanA " dhUrtAkhyAna" bhAratIya kathA sAhitya meM zailI kI dRSTi se anupama hai / dhUrtoM kA vyaMgya prahAra dhvaMsAtmaka nahIM apitu nirmANAtmaka hai / " laghu kathAoM ke mAdhyama se haribhadra ne na kevala lokabhASA ko Age bar3hAyA hai, apitu loka jIvana ko apane granthoM meM pratipAdita kiyA hai / jaikobI, tApamAna, viMTaraniTja, suvAlI, zubriMga prabhRti aneka pAzcAtya vicArakoM ne haribhadra ke granthoM kA sampAdana aura anuvAda bhI kiyA hai, isase bhI inakI sAhityika mahAnatA kA jJAna hotA hai / " 2. udyotana sUri-ye kSatriya gharAne meM utpanna zvetAmbara paramparA ke viziSTa medhAvI santa the / ye tattvAcArya ke ziSya the, kintu inhoMne AcArya bIrabhadra se siddhAMta aura haribhadrasUri se tarka kI zikSA prApta kI / 779 I0 meM jAbAlipura (jAlaura) meM raNahastI vatsarAja ke rAjya meM inhoMne prAkRta bhASA ke anupama grantha " kuvalayamAlA kahA " gadya-padya mizrita grantha kI racanA kI / mahArASTrI prAkRta kI yaha prasAdapUrNa racanA campU zailI meM likhI gaI hai / sAhityika saundarya ke sAtha hI rAjanIti, jyotiSa, tantramantra, dhAtuvAda, zakuna, citra, bhUgola Adi vividha viSayoM ke vistRta samAveza ke kAraNa yaha kathA, prAcIna bhArata ke adhyayana ke liye amUlya nighi bana gaI hai / " mahArASTrI prAkRta ke sAtha isameM paizAcI, apabhraMza va dezI bhASAoM ke sAtha kahIM kahIM para saMskRta kA bhI prayoga huA hai / 3. mAnadeva sUri - inakA janma nADaula meM huA thaa| inakA vRttAMta " prabhAvaka 1. sijaisI, kra0 20 / 2. haramana jekobI dvArA sampAdita | 3. jaisAsa, pR0 208 / 4. vIzApraA, pR0 51 / 5. rAjaisA. pR0 41 // 6. vahI / 7. sijaisI, saM0 muni jinavijaya / 8. jabiuriso, mArca, 1928, pR0 28 /

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 335 caritra", meM bhI varNita hai, jisase inakA astitva 8vIM zatAbdI meM honA pratIta hotA hai / ' inhoMne "vijaya pahuta" kI racanA prAkRta bhASA meM kii| 4. AcArya vIrasena-ye elAcArya ke ziSya the| indranandi ke zrutAvatAra se jJAta hotA hai ki elAcArya citrakuTa (cittaur3a) meM nivAsa karate the| jahA~ inhoMne siddhAMta granthoM kI zikSA prApta kI phira ye vATagrAma (bar3audA) cale gaye, jahA~ inhoMne 72 hajAra zloka pramANa "SaTkhaNDAgama" kI "dhavalA"4 TIkA likhI, jo hIrA lAla jaina ke anusAra zaka saMvat 738 meM pUrNa huii| isaliye vIrasena 9vIM zatAbdI (816 I0) ke vidvAn the / vIrasena ne "kaSAyaprAbhUta" para "jayavavalA" TIkA prArambha kI, kintu 20,000 zloka likhe jAne ke uparAnta hI svargavAsa ho jAne ke kAraNa inake ziSya jinasena ne avaziSTa TIkA kA 40 hajAra zloka pramANa likhakara zaka saMvat 756 meM pUrNa kii| 5. jayasiMha sUri-9vIM zatAbdI ke prAkRta racanAkAroM meM inakA pramukha sthAna hai| inhoMne gadya-padya mizrita "dharmopadezamAlA vivaraNa"," jo 5778 zloka pramANa hai, 858 I0 meM nAgaura meM pUrNa kI / inakI anya racanA "zrI nemInAtha caritra" hai / 6. mani zIlAMka-8vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha va 9vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvAddha ke madhya zIlAMka AcArya ne sabhI zalAkA puruSoM ko kathAoM kA prathama prAkRta grantha "caupannamahApurisacariya" likhaa| 7. vijayasiMha mUri-inhoMne 9vIM yA 10vIM zatAbdI meM "bhuvanasundarIkahA" nAmaka prAkRta kAvya kI racanA kI / 8. muni guNapAla-ye zvetAmbara paramparA ke muni the / 'jNbucriyN"| inakI zreSTha racanA hai / grantha kA racanAkAla spaSTa nahIM hai| grantha ke sampAdaka muni jinavijaya ke anusAra yaha grantha 11vIM zatAbdI yA usase pUrva kA hai| jaisalamera bhaNDAra se prApta prati 14vIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa kI hai| sambhavataH udyotana sUri ke siddhAnta guru vIrabhadrAcArya aura guNapAla muni ke praguru vIrabhadra sUri, ye donoM eka hI vyakti hoNge| yadi aisA hai to inakA astitva 9voM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa kA hai| inakI dUsarI 1. vIzApraA, pR0 53 / 2. jaipai, bhAga 1, pR0 359-361 / 3. zrutAvatAra, zloka saM0 176-177 / 4. jaigraprasa, pR0 90 (bhuumikaa)| 5. jaisAsai, pR0 180 / 6. sijaisI, bambaI se prakAzita /

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336 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jaimadhamaM racanA "risidatta cariyaM" hai / isakI apUrNa prati 'bhaNDArakara prAcyavidyA saMzodhana mandira, pUnA" meM hai / ' " 9. AcArya devasena -- 10vIM zatAbdI ke digambara AcAryoM meM AcArya devasena prAkRta bhASA ke udbhaTa vidvAn the / mAlavA meM dhArA nagarI inakA racanA kendra thA, kintu rAjasthAna meM bhI ye prAyaH vihAra karate rahate the / inakI pramukha kRtiyA~ " darzanasAra" (930 I0), "bhAvasaMgraha", "ArAdhanA sAra", " tattvasAra", "nayacakra" Adi haiM / " bhAvasaMgraha" ke atirikta sabhI laghu racanAe~ haiM / 2 10. padmanandI - vibhinna granthoM, zilAlekhoM evaM mUrtilekhoM meM isa nAma ke 9 se bhI adhika AcArya evaM bhaTTAraka ho gaye haiM, kintu vIranandI ke praziSya evaM bAlanandi ke ziSya AcArya padmanandI ina sabase bhinna haiM / ye koTA kSetra meM bAroM nagara ke the / paM0 nAthUrAma premI ne bAroM kI bhaTTAraka gAdI ke AdhAra para inakA samaya IsA kI 11vIM zatAbdI mAnA hai / prAkRta bhASA ke prakAMDa vidvAn padmanandI kI 2 prAkRta racanAe~ upalabdha haiM / prathama "jambUdvIpapaNNatti tathA dvitIya " dhammarasAyana" / inake dvArA racita "paMcavizati" nAmaka racanA bhI dekhane ko milatI hai / " jambUdvIpapaNNatti" 2427 gAthAoM va 93 adhikAroM meM vibhakta prAcIna bhUgola evaM khagola para eka vizAla kRti hai / dharma evaM darzana kI dRSTi se inakI sabhI racanAe~ mahattvapUrNa haiM / 11. jinezvara sUri -- ye brAhmaNa kulotpanna, banArasa nivAsI va kharataragaccha saMsthApaka vardhamAna sUri ke ziSya / inakA kAryakSetra gujarAta, mAlavA, mevAr3a aura mAravAr3a rahA hai / inhoMne saMskRta tathA prAkRta donoM bhASAoM meM racanA kI / inhoMne mAravAr3a ke DiNDavAnaka (DIDavAnA ) meM prAkRta meM " kahANayakosa" kI racanA 1052 I0 meM kI isameM yatra tatra saMskRta aura apabhraMza gAthAyeM bhI haiM / inakI dUsarI kRti 101 gAthAoM vAlI "paMcaliMgI prakaraNa" hai, jisakI racanA jAlaura meM kI gaI thI / isake atirikta "nirvANa lIlAvatI kathA ", " SaTsthAnaka prakaraNa", "vIra caritra, haribhadra kRta aSTaka para vRtti bhI inakI pramukha racanAyeM haiM / 'nirvANa lIlAvatI kathA" prAkRta kI eka zreSTha racanA hai, jo 1025 I0 se 1038 I0 ke madhya racI gaI thI / isa grantha 1. rAjaisA, pR0 43 / 2. vahI, pR0 47 / 3. rAbhA, 3, aMka 2 | 4. jaisAsai, pR0 208 / 5. vahI / 6. vahI /

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 337 kA jinaratna sUri racita, saMskRta meM zlokabaddha bhASAntara, jaisalamera ke bhaNDAra meM upalabdha huA hai / mUla prAkRta kRti abhI taka anupalabdha hai / inakI eka anya prAkRta racanA "gAthAkosa" bhI milatI hai / " 12. jinacandra sUri-ye jinezvara sUri ke ziSya the / apane laghu gurubhrAtA abhayadeva kI abhyarthanA ko sammAna dekara inhoMne 1068 I0 meM "saMvegaraMgazAlA " nAmaka zAntarasa pradhAna prAkRta grantha kI racanA kI / 13. mahezvara sUri-- inakA samaya 1052 I0 se pUrva mAnA gayA hai| ye eka pratibhA sampanna kavi tathA prAkRta saMskRta ke prakANDa paNDita the / " NANapaMcamI kahA" inakA prAkRta bhASA kA zreSTha kAvya grantha hai / kavi devacandra - 11vIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa inhoMne pArzvanAtha ke jIvana caritra para "pAsacariya" nAmaka mahAkAvya likhA, jisameM 11 sandhiyoM va 202 kaDavaka haiM 13 ghanezvara sUri - jinezvara sUri ke ziSya ghanezvara ne 1038 I0 meM candrAvatI meM "surasundaricariyaM" nAmaka prAkRta grantha kI racanA kI / yaha eka prema kathA hai / isakI bhASA para apabhraMza bhASA kA spaSTa prabhAva hai / inakI eka anya racanA "zatruMjaya mAhAtmya" bhI jJAta huI hai / 4 16. nemicandra sUri-ye bRhadgacchIya udyotana sUri ke praziSya the aura Amradeva sUri ke ziSya the / AcArya pada prApta karane se pUrva inakA nAma devendra gaNI thA / " mahAvIra cariya" aura "ratnacUDakahA" inakI padyabaddha racanAe~ haiM, jo 1084 I0 meM racI giiN| inake atirikta " akkhANamaNikosa" " rayaNa cUDArAya cariyaM" " uttarAdhyayana" kI saMskRta TIkA, "Atmabodha kulaka" Adi bhI inakI racanAyeM haiM / 17. durgadeva ---ye digambara muni saMyama deva ke ziSya the / inhoMne 1032 I0 meM kumbhan2agara (kumbheragar3ha-bharatapura) meM " RSTasamuccaya" kI racanA kI / isameM 261 zaurasenI gAthAyeM haiM / isakA eka anya nAma " kAla jJAna" bhI hai / inakA dUsarA grantha "ardhakANDa"" hai / jisameM vyApAra sambandhI bhaviSyavANiyA~ haiM / 1. rAjaisA, pR0 41 2. jaibharA 255 / 3. jaisalamera bhaNDAra kI graMtha sUcI, pR0 21 4. jaisAsa, pR0 208 / 5. jaigragra, pR0 14 / 6. rAjaisA, pR0 42 / 7. sijaisi, kra0 21 (bhUmikA) / 22

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338 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 18. buddhisAgara sUri-ye jinezvara sUri ke bhAI aura vardhamAna sUri ke ziSya the / inhoMne 1023 I0 meM jAlaura meM prAkRta aura saMskRta bhASA para vyAkaraNa likhA, jisakA nAma " paMcagranthI" yA ' buddhisAgara vyAkaraNa" thA / " 19. kavi dhanapAla - 11vIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha kavi dhanapAla kA bhI rAjasthAna meM sAMcaura se sambandha rahA / inhoMne prAkRta meM 'pAiyalacchInAmamAlA" grantha kI racanA kI / 20. jinavallabha sUri - ( 1033 I0-1110 I0) ye kurcapura ( kucerA-mAravAr3a) kI gAdI ke adhyakSa AcArya jinacandra ke ziSya the / inhoMne apane kucha grantha cittaur3a, naravara, nAgaura aura marUpura ke jinAlayoM meM utkIrNa karavAye the / 3 inhoMne " saMvegaraMgazAlA" kA saMzodhana kiyA tathA " piMDavizuddhi " kI 103 gAthAoM kI racanA kI / inake anya grantha bhI jJAta hue haiM, jaise - " dvAdaza kulaka", " sUkSmArthaM siddhAnta vicAra sAra" yA " sArdhaM - zataka", "pauSadha vidhi prakaraNa", "bhAvArivAraNa stotra", " ajita zAnti stava", "svapna saptatikA", "Agamika vastu vicAra sAra", katipaya stotra Adi / 4 21. jinavatta sUri-ye mAravAr3a ke kalpavRkSa mAne jAte haiM / lokakhyAti ke kAraNa inheM "dAdA" kI padavI se suzobhita kiyA gayA thA / ye jinavallabha sUri ke paTTadhara the / inheM cittaur3a meM 1112 I0 meM AcArya pada milA va 1154 I0 meM ajamera meM inakA svargavAsa huA / inake dvArA racita katipaya grantha isa prakAra haiM - '' gaNadhara sArtha " "sarvAdhiSThAdhistotra", "vighnavinAzI stotra", "suguru pAranantryama", "caityavaMdana kulaka", " sandeha dohAvalI" "gaNa saptati 6 Adi / zataka' 22. hemacandra - ye abhayadeva sUri ke ziSya the / inhoMne 1113 I0 meM mer3atA aura chatrapallI meM " bhavabhAvanA"7 nAmaka grantha likhA, jo inakI prasiddha prAkRta racanA hai / " isameM saMskRta gadya aura apabhraMza padya bhI haiM / " upadezamAlA prakaraNa" inakI dUsarI mahattvapUrNa racanA hai / inhoMne "kAvyAnuzAsana" va usa para "alaMkAra cUDAmaNi" nAmaka 1. jaisarA, pR0 216 // 2. satyapurIya mahAvIra utsAha meM ullekha | 3. jaisarA, pR0 226 / 4. jaisAsai, pR0231-232 / 5. jaisAsa, pR0 233 / 6. vahI / 7. vahI / 8. jaina jagadIza candra, prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 505 /

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 339 vyAkhyA likhii|' inhoMne "anAdi sUtra", "dhAtupAla" aura liMgAnuzAsana" bhI likhe| isake alAvA inhoMne 4 zabdakoSa, "abhidhAna cintAmaNi", "anekArtha saMgraha", ''dezInAma mAlA", "nighaMTuzeSa" bhI likhe / 23. siMha kavi-aisA ullekha hai ki siMha kavi ne 12vIM zatAbdI meM bammaNavADa (brAhmaNavADa) sirohI meM "pajjuNa kahA" kI racanA kI thii| 24. devendra sUri-AbU meM vicaraNa karate samaya inhoMne 'sudasaNA cariya" evaM "kaNha cariya" nAmaka prAkRta granthoM kI racanA kii|5 inakA samaya 12vIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| 25. AsaDa kavi-ye bhinnamAla kula meM utpanna haye the| inhoMne 1194 I0 meM "vivegamaMjarI" nAmaka prAkRta grantha likhA / 26. guNacandra gaNI-ye jinezvara sUri ko ziSya paramparA meM sumati vAcaka ke ziSya the / inhoMne gujarAta meM adhika racanAe~ likhIM, kintu kharataragacchIya AcAryoM kA kAryakSetra rAjasthAna bhI rahA hai, ataH inakA rAjasthAna se sambandha mAnA jA sakatA hai| inakA samaya 12vIM zatAbdI thaa| "kahArayaNakosa" aura "pAsanAha cariyaM" inakI prasiddha prAkRta racanAeM haiM / "kahArayaNa kosa" kI racanA 1101 I0 meM bharUkaccha nagara ke munisuvrata caityAyana meM kI gayI thii| isameM yatra-tatra apabhraMza va saMskRta kA bhI prayoga huA hai| 27. lakSmaNagaNI-1142 I0 meM mAMDalagar3ha meM lakSmaNagaNI ne "supAsanAha cariya" kI racanA kii| 28. dharmaghoSa sUri :-inhoMne 1129 I0 meM "dharmakalpadruma" kI racanA kii| inakA zAkaMbharI ke cauhAna zAsaka vigraharAja para atyadhika prabhAva thaa|' 29. yazacandra :-ye zAkambharI ke vaNika padmacanda ke putra the / 12vIM zatAbdI meM 1. jaisAsai, pR0 310 / 2. vahI, pR0 302-306 / 3. vahI, pR0 309 / 4. jaisarA, pR0 227 / 5. jaina, prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 561 / 6. vahI, pR0 448 / 7. jaisAsai ; pR0 275 / 8. rAbhA, 3, aMka 2 /

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340 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma inhoMne "mudrita kumudacandra" nAmaka nATaka likhA, jisameM kucha prAkRta bhASI pAtra bhI haiN| 30. muni nemicandra :-nemicandra nAma ke aneka AcArya hue haiM / kucha varSoM se yaha spaSTa ho gayA hai ki "laghudravya saMgraha" aura "vRhadravya saMgraha' ke racayitA muni nemicaMdra aura "gommaTa sAra", "trilokasAra", "labdhisAra" Adi ke lekhaka AcArya nemicandra pRthaka-pRthak haiM / muni nemicandra, jinheM siddhAntideva bhI kahA gayA hai, kI sAdhanA sthalI AzramapaTTana rahA hai, jise dazaratha zarmA ne bUndI jile kA kezorAya pATana nagara honA batAyA hai| inhoMne 12vIM zatAbdI meM yahIM para "laghudravya saMgraha' va 'vRhadravya saMgraha" kI racanA kI thii| prAkRta zilAlekha : rAjasthAna meM prAkRta bhASA kA pracAra sAhitya va dharma prabhAvanA taka ho sImita na hokara abhilekha aMkana taka bhI vyApaka thaa| prAcInatama prAkRta abhilekha ke rUpa meM baralI ( ajamera se 35 mIla dUra ) meM prApta pASANa-khaNDa para utkIrNa kucha paMktiyA~ haiM, jinameM vIra nirvANa saMvat 84 aMkita hai| jodhapura se 20 mIla uttara kI ora ghaTiyAlA nAmaka gAMva meM kakkuka kA eka zilAlekha 861 I0 kA prAkRta meM hI utkIrNa milatA hai| (2) apabhraMza sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra: apabhraMza bhArata ke pazcimottara pradeza kI bhASA thii| rAjazekhara ke anusAra apabhraMza ke kSetroM meM rAjapUtAnA bhI sammilita thaa| 10vIM zatAbdI meM yaha isa pradeza kI bolacAla kI bhASA thI / Adhunika bhArata kI Arya bhASAoM ko utpati apabhraMza se hI mAnI jAtI hai / apabhraMza kA sAhitya meM praveza 6ThIM zatAbdI se hI ho gayA thaa| 10vIM se 13vIM zatAbdI taka apabhraMza sAhitya kA svarNakAla mAnA jAtA hai / sAmAnyataH 12vIM zatAbdI taka "apabhraMzayuga" mAnA jAtA hai tathApi 15vIM va 16vIM zatAbdI taka bhI isameM racanAe~ sRjita kI jAtI rhiiN| apabhraMza kI adhikAMza racanAoM kA sambandha rAjasthAna se hai / rAjasthAna se pUrva madhyakAlIna apabhraMza bhASA sAhitya ke racanAkAra evaM racanAeM nimnalikhita haiM 1. hariSeNa :-dharaMkaTavaMzIya hariSeNa kA janma rAjasthAna ke cittaur3a nagara meM 2. jaisarA, 227 // 3. raathue| 4. rAjaisA, pR0 50 / 5. zAstrI, hA0 sA0 A0 i0, pR0 255-57 /

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 341 huA thaa| inakA kAryakSetra cittaur3a hI rahA / kAlAntara meM ye acalagar3ha-AbU meM sthAnAntarita ho gaye aura vahA~ 977 I0 meM " dhammaparikkhA" kI racanA padyar3iyA chaMda meM kI / yaha kAvya 11 sandhiyoM meM nibaddha hai, jisameM 238 kaDavaka haiM / Amera zAstra bhaNDAra meM isa grantha kI kaI pratiyA~ upalabdha haiM / isa kAvya ke AdhAra para hI 149560 meM bhaTTAraka zrutakIrti ne " dharmaM parIkSA" ko racanA kI, jisameM kathAnaka hI nahIM apitu varNana kA bhI anugamana kiyA gayA hai / 2. dhanapAla prathama :- - jaina sAhitya meM dhanapAla nAma ke kaI sAhityakAroM kA ullekha milatA hai | paM0 paramAnanda zAstrI ne dhanapAla nAma ke cAra vidvAnoM kA paricaya diyA hai| ye cAroM hI bhinna-bhinna samaya meM hue / dhanapAla prathama saMskRta ke kavi va rAjA bhoja ke Azrita the / inhoMne apabhraMza meM sAMcaura nagara meM sthita mahAvIra jinAlaya sambandhI "satyapuriya mahAvIra utsAha "4 nAmaka racanA likhI / isa racanA se mahamUda gajanI dvArA mUrtibhaMjana kI ghaTanA kA patA calatA hai / 3. dhAhila : - ye 10vIM zatAbdI ke apabhraMza kavi the / inakA sambandha mahAkavi mAgha ke vaMza se hai, ataH ye zrImAlavaMzIya gurjara vaizya the / inakI janmabhUmi bhInamAla rahI hogI / inhoMne apabhraMza meM "pa umasirI cariyu" kI racanA kI / " 4. mahezvara sUri : inakA samaya bhI 10vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt kA mAnA jAtA hai / inake dvArA racita eka laghu kRti "saMyama maMjarI" prApta hotI hai / 5. jinadatta sUri : - yuga pradhAna jinadatta sUri kA janma 1075 I0 meM dhaMdhukA meM huA thA / ye dAdAjI ke nAma se prakhyAta the / inakI apabhraMza bhASA kI 3 racanAe~ upalabdha huI haiM--"upadeza rasAyana rAsa", "kAlasvarUpa kulaka" aura " carcarI" / " "upadeza rasAyana rAsa" orienTala insTITyUTa bar3audA se, "apabhraMza kAvyatrayI" meM prakAzita ho cukI hai / " carcarI" kI racanA vAgar3a pradeza meM vyAghrapura meM kI gaI thI / 6. dhanapAla dvitIya :- 10vIM yA 11vIM zatAbdI meM apabhraMza ke eka anya prasiddha afa dhanapAla hue, jinhoMne "bhavisadattakahA" nAmaka mahattvapUrNa grantha likhA / isake 1. zrI virAsmA, pR0 721 / 2. jaisarA, pR0 229 / 3. ane0 708, pR0 82 / 4. jaigraprasa, pR075 // 5. premasumana, jaisarA, pR0 230 / 6. apabhraMza sAhitya, pR0 295 / / 7. jaisAsai, pR0 233 /

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342 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma atirikta inako anya kisI racanA kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| inake janma sthAna va kAryakSetra kA koI prAmANika ullekha nahIM miltaa| kAsalIvAla ne inakA janma sthAna cittaur3a mAnA hai|'dhrktt vaMzIya hone ke kAraNa bhI inheM rAjasthAna kA mAnA jA sakatA hai / ukta prantha meM rAjasthAnI saMskRti ke abhivyaMjaka nidarzanoM ke kAraNa bhI inheM rAjasthAna kA hI mAnA jAnA cAhiye / / 7. mahAkavi nayanaMdi : ye 11vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn the| inakI abataka 2 kRtiyA~ upalabdha huI haiM aura donoM kI pAMDulipiyA~ jayapura ke mahAvIra bhavana ke saMgraha meM haiM / ye paramAravaMzIya rAjA bhojadeva tribhuvana nArAyaNa ke zAsanakAla meM hue the| inhoMne prathama mahAkAvya "sudaMsaNa cariu" dhArA nagarI ke eka jaina maMdira meM samApta kiyA thaa| dUsarA kAvya "sayalavihi vihANa kanva" hai, jisakI ekamAtra pAMDulipi Amera zAstra bhaNDAra meM saMgrahIta haiM / isa kRti meM aMbADama evaM kaMcIpuTa kA ullekha hai| "aMbADama" aMbAvatI kA hI dUsarA nAma ho sakatA hai, jo bAda meM Amera ke nAma se prasiddha huA / isase siddha hotA hai ki nayanaMdi isa pradeza meM avazya ghUme hoNge| 8. haribhadra sUri :-ye jinezvara sUri ke praziSya aura zrIcanda ke ziSya the / yadyapi inakA gujarAta se vizeSa sambandha thA, kintu rAjasthAna meM bhI ye bhramaNa karate rahate the| inakI 2 apabhraMza kRtiyA~ jJAta hoto haiM :-"sanatkumAra carita" evaM "NamiNAha cariu":5 9. kavi palha :-inhoMne 1114 I0 meM kharataragaccha kI 'guru parivADI" likhI, jisakI prati jaisalamera ke grantha bhaNDAra meM hai| 10. zrIcanda :-ye 11vIM zatAbdI ke apabhraMza kavi the / inakI "kathAkosa" evaM "ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra" do kRtiyA~ prApta haiM / inameM zrImAlapura nagara kA ullekha hai. ataH ye rAjasthAna se sambandhita pratIta hote haiN|" - 11. vibudha zrIdhara :-zrIdhara 12vIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha kavi the| inhoMne "pAsanAhacariu", sukumAla cariu" evaM "bhavisayatta cariu' 3 racanAe~ apabhraMza meM 1. ane0, 15, kiraNa 2, pR0 78 / 2. jaisAaui, pR0 467-468 / 3. apabhraMza kathA kAvya, pR0 102-141 / 4. vhii| 5. apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodha pravRttiyA~ pR0 187 / 6. jaibharA, pR0 255 / 7. jaisarA, pR0 231 /

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 343 likhiiN| eka grantha meM valaDa nagara kA ullekha hone se rAjasthAna va gujarAta inake kAryakSetra rahe hoMge / ' apabhraMza evaM abhilekha : rAjasthAna ke adhikAMza abhilekha saMskRta bhASA ke upalabdha hote haiM, kintu 10vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt ke abhilekhoM meM apabhraMza ke zabdoM kA bhI prayoga dekhane ko milatA hai / goDavAr3a, sirohI, AbU, mevAr3a evaM anyabhAgoM se prApta kaI abhilekhoM meM apabhraMza va dezI bhASA ke bahuta se zabda prayukta hue haiM / 1110 I0 ke sevAr3I abhilekha, 1143 I0 kA nADalAI lekha, 1153 I0 kA kheDa abhilekha Adi kaI aise udAharaNa haiM / (3) saMskRta sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra: jana samudAya kI ruci ke prati jainAcAryoM kI jAgarUkatA ke kAraNa saMskRta bhASA ko bhI vahI pratiSThA dI gaI, jo ki prAkRta va apabhraMza ko / jisa samaya se samAja meM vaidika evaM bauddha saMskRta sAhitya kA prabhAva adhika bar3hA, usI samaya se jaina sAhitya meM saMskRta ko sthAna milane lagA / dharma evaM darzana ke kSetra meM tarka paddhati ke vikAsa ke kAraNa tathA vaidika va bauddha AcAryoM se vAda-vivAda karane kI dRSTi se, jainAcAryoM ne saMskRta ko adhika mahattva denA prArambha kara diyA / yaha pravRtti IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI se AThavIM zatAbdI tapAI jAtI hai / 8vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt rAjasthAna meM sRjita jaina saMskRta granthoM kI racanA kI pRSThabhUmi meM, yahA~ kI rAjanItika, sAmAjika evaM dhArmika sthiti adhika prabhAvazAlI rahI / sAmAnyatayA jainAcAryoM ne jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM ke prasAra kI bhAvanA, prabhAvazAlI padAsIna rAjyAdhikArI, guru yA zrAvakoM kI prArthanA tathA dhArmika mahApuruSoM ke yazogAna Adi se prerita hokara saMskRta meM jaina sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA / eka sambhAvita kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki mUlataH brAhmaNa hone ke kAraNa adhikAMza jainAcArya bacapana se hI saMskRta ke jJAtA hote the, ataH jJAna va pratibhA ke ucita vikAsa ke liye unhoMne saMskRta bhASA ko sAhitya sRjana ke mAdhyama ke rUpa meM apanAyA / rAjasthAna meM saMskRta sAhitya lekhana kI nizcita tithi jJAta nahIM hai, kyoMki prAcIna racanAoM meM racanAkAla va racanAsthala kA varNana bahuta kama dekhane ko milatA hai / sAtha hI saMtoM kI yAyAvarI pravRtti ke kAraNa grantha ke racanA sthala kA patA anya srotoM se lagAnA par3atA hai / aitihAsika sAmagrI se jJAta hotA hai ki cittaur3a aneka jainAcAryoM kA kAryakSetra rahA / unameM se 5vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne jaina nyAya para "nyAyAvatAra" grantha saMskRta meM sarvaprathama rcaa| isake pazcAt 8vIM zatAbdI ke haribhadra 1. jaisarA pR0 231 /

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344 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma se pUrva taka, rAjasthAna meM racita jaina saMskRta sAhitya ke kisI grantha kA ullekha nahIM milatA / 8vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt pracura mAtrA meM jainAcAryoM dvArA saMskRta grantha likhe gaye / ' 1. AcArya haribhadra - haribhadra 8vIM zatAbdI ke cittaur3a ke rAjapurohita, samartha vidvAn, mahAn siddhAMtakAra, dArzanika, vicAraka, mahAkavi evaM sarvazreSTha TIkAkAra the / inakA prAkRta evaM saMskRta para samAna adhikAra thA / inake saMskRta meM " SaDdarzana samuccaya", "aSTaka prakaraNa", "anekAMtajayapatAkA", " yogadRSTi samuccaya ", " yogabindu "3 Adi pramukha grantha haiM / jaina saMskRta sAhitya ke itihAsa meM haribhadra prathama lekhaka haiM, jinhoMne jainAgamoM evaM pUrvAcAryoM kI prasiddha kRtiyoM para saMskRta meM TIkAe~ likhane kA sUtrapAta kiyA / " anuyogadvArasUtra TIkA", "Avazyakaniryukti TIkA", "jaMbUdvIpaprajJaptisUtra TIkA", "tattvArthasUtra TIkA", "dazavekAlikasUtra TIkA", "naMdIsUtra TIkA", "piMDaniryukti TIkA", "nyAyAvatAra TokA", diGnAgakRta " nyAyapraveza TIkA " Adi prasiddha TIkA grantha haiM / " munipati caritra", "yazodhara caritra" evaM " nemInAtha cariu" bhI inakI prasiddha racanAe~ haiM / " khagolIya racanAoM meM " lagnazuddhi" bahuta mahatvapUrNa hai / 2. jayasiMha sUri inhoMne 856 I0 meM nAgaura meM " dharmopadezamAlA vRtti" kI racanA kI / 3. siddhaSi sUri - haribhadra kI paramparA ko dasavIM farai AcArya siddharSi ne Age bddh'aayaa| ye nivRtti kula ke Agama, nyAya, darzana aura siddhAMtoM ke mUrdhanya vidvAn the / kathA" (905 I0) 7, " sakalatIrtha stavana"", dharmadAsa gaNi kI " upadezamAlA" para TIkA, racanAe~ prApta haiM / " 1. jaisibhA, pR0 6, 2, 16, 1 / 2. zrI virAsmA, pR0 844 / 3. jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara dvArA prakAzita / 4. pATana ke granthoM kI sUcI, pR0 293 // 5. jaisAsa, pR0 162 / 6. vahI / 7. jaisAsai, pR0 185 / 8. gAosa, 76, pR0 156 / 9. jaisAsai, pR0 186 / 10. vahI / zatAbdI ke zrImAla nagara durgasvAmI ke ziSya the / ye inako " upamitibhava prapaMca " zrIcaMdrakevalI carita" (917 I0) 9, siddhasena ke "nyAyAvatAra" para vRtti Adi

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra: 345 4. jinezvara sUri - ( 993 - 1053 I0 ) -- 10vIM 11vIM zatAbdI se rAjasthAna maiM kharataragacchIya AcAryoM kA prAdhAnya zurU ho jAtA hai / ye madhyapradeza nivAsI kRSNa * brAhmaNa ke putra the / dhArAnagarI meM inakI dIkSA huI thI / ye kharataragaccha ke prathama saMsthApaka AcArya the / inakA kAryakSetra gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna rahA / inhoMne " pramAlakSma svopajJa TIkA" 1023 I0 meM jAlaura meM, "aSTaka prakaraNa TIkA" 1023 I0 meM jAlaura meM, "kathAkoSa prakaraNa svopajJa TIkA" 1051 I0 meM DIDavAnA meM, " caityavaMdanaka" 1023 I0 meM jAlaura meM rciiN| inakI "vIracaritra" nAmaka eka anya racanA bhI prApta hotI hai / ' 5. rAmasena - ye kASThA saMgha ke naMdItaTagaccha vidyA gaNa ke AcArya the / somakIrti racita "gurvAvalI" meM inheM narasiMhapurA jAti kA saMsthApaka mAnA gayA hai / vAgar3a pradeza se inakA adhika sambandha thA / vidvAnoM ne inakA samaya 10vIM zatAbdI svIkAra kiyA hai / inakI ekamAtra saMskRta kRti " tattvAnuzAsana" jJAta huI hai / 2 6. AcArya mahAsena ye lAr3abAgar3a saMgha ke AcArya jayasena ke praziSya the / isa saMgha kA rAjasthAna se vizeSa sambandha rahA / ye paramAravaMzIya rAjA muMja dvArA pUjita the, ataH inakA samaya 10vIM zatAbdI honA cAhiye / inakI ekamAtra kRti "pradyumna caritra" mahAkAvya upalabdha hai | 3 7. kavi DaDDhA - ye cittaur3a nivAsI evaM poravAr3a jAti ke the| inakI ekamAtra saMskRta kRti "paMcasaMgraha" hai jo prAkRta "paMca saMgraha " kI gAthAoM kA anuvAda hai / vidvAnoM ne inakA samaya 998 I0 mAnA hai / 8. buddhisAgara sUri - jinezvara sUri ke laghu bhrAtA the| inakI pramukha racanA "paMcagraMthI vyAkaraNa", aparanAma "buddhisAgara vyAkaraNa" hai / " isakI racanA jAlaura meM 1023 I0 meM kI gaI thI / 1083 I0 meM varddhamAna sUri racita "manoramA caritra" 'prazasti ke anusAra buddhisAgara sUri ne chaMda zAstra, nighaNTu ( koSa), kAvya, nATaka, kathA prabandha Adi aneka viSayoM para granthoM kI racanA kI thI, kintu ve saba aprApta haiM / 9. jinaballabha sUri (1033 I0-1110 I0 ) - inakA kAryakSetra rAjasthAna gujarAta aura paMjAba thA / ye Agama, siddhAMta, sAhitya zAstra aura jyotiSa ke prakAMDa vidvAn the / inakI pramukha saMskRta racanAe~ - " dharmazikSA prakaraNa", saMghapaTTaka", "zRMgAra zataka"," 5 1. jaisAsa, pR0 208 / 2. rAjaisA, 97 / 3. vahI / 4. jaisalamera bhaNDAra kI grantha sUcI, pR0 20 / 5. jaisAsai, pR0 231-232 /

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346 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma "praznottarakaSaSTizata kAvya", "aSTasaptatikA", aparanAma "citrakUTIya vIra caitya prazasti" (1106 I0) evaM "bhAvArivAraNa" stotrAdi' haiN| 10. pUrNabhadra-inhoMne 1119 I0 meM saMskRta bhASA meM "paMcataMtra' kI racanA kI / 11. AcArya amRtacaMdra sUri-vidvAnoM ne inakA samaya 11vIM zatAbdI mAnA hai / nAthUrAma premI ke anusAra mAdhavacandra ke ziSya amRtacanda bAmanavADa meM Aye, jahA~ unhoMne ralhaNa ke putra siMha yA siMha kavi ko "pajjuNNacariu" likhane kI preraNA dI / yadi bayAnA ke nikaTa kA bAmanavAr3a hI ukta sthAna hai, to amRtacaMdra ne rAjasthAna ko bhI paryApta samaya taka alaMkRta kiyA hogaa| rAjasthAna ke vibhinna grantha bhaNDAroM meM inake graMthoM kA vizAla saMgraha milatA hai| inhoMne AcArya kuMdakuMda ke "samayasAra", ''pravacanasAra" evaM "paMcAstikAya" para TIkA likhii| inhIM kI TIkAoM ke kAraNa kuMdakuMda ke granthoM kA rahasya ujAgara huaa| inakI anya racanAe~ "puruSArtha sidhyupAya", "tattvArthasAra" evaM "samayasAra kalaza' bhI atyadhika mahattvapUrNa haiM / 12. jinapati sUri (1153 I0-1220 I0)-ye kharataragaccha ke maNidhArI jinacaMdra sUri ke ziSya the| inakA janma 1153 I0 meM bIkamapura meM huA tathA 1176 I0 meM AcArya hue / inake mukhya kArya 1171 I0 meM nRpati bhImasiMha ke samakSa mahAprAmANika digambara vidvAn ke sAtha zAstrArtha meM vijaya, 1182 I0 meM ajamera meM antima hindU samrATa pRthvIrAja cauhAna kI sabhA meM padmaprabha ke sAtha zAstrArtha meM vijaya aura pradyumnAcArya ke sAtha zAstrArtha meM vijaya haiM / inakI pramukha saMskRta racanAe~-"saMghapaTTaka bRhada vRtti", "paMcaliMgI prakaraNa TIkA", "prabodhodaya vAdasthala", katipaya stotra Adi haiM / 13. jinapAlopAdhyAya (1157 I0-1245 I0)-ye jinapati sUri ke ziSya the| inakI dIkSA 1168 I0 meM puSkara meM huI thii| inake dvArA racita "sanatkumAra cakriracita" zreSTha koTi kA mahAkAvya hai aura 1248 I0 meM racita "yugapradhAnAcArya gurvAvalI" aitihAsika dRSTi se eka advitIya racanA hai / isake atirikta inhoMne 1205 I0 meM "SaTsthAnaka prakaraNa TokA", 1235 I0 meM "upadeza rasAyana vivaraNa", 1236 I0 meM 'dvAdazakulaka vivaraNa", 1236 I0 meM hI "dharmazikSA vivaraNa", 1237 I0 meM "carcarI vivaraNa" Adi kI bhI racanA kii| 1. jaisAsai, pR0 231-232 / 2. jaisAaui, pR0 340 / 3. rAjaisA, 96 / 4. jaisAsai, pR0 335-336 / 5. vahI, pR0 395 / .

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 347' 14. brahmadeva-ye Azrama paTTana (kezorayapATana) meM nivAsa karate the| inhoMne somarAja zreSThI ke liye muni nemicaMdra ke "bRhadra vyasaMgraha' evaM "paramAtmaprakAza" para TIkA likhI / "dravyasaMgraha" kI prAcInatama pAMDulipi 1359 I0 kI jayapura ke TholiyoM ke mandira meM hai| "dravyasaMgraha" evaM "pravacana sAra" TIkAoM meM amRtacaMdra, rAmasiMha, amitagati, DaDDhA, prabhAcaMdra Adi ke granthoM ke uddharaNa milate haiM, jo 10vIM evaM 11vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn hai| isaliye brahmadeva kA samaya 11vIM zatAbdI kA antima caraNa yA 12vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvAddhaM mAnA jA sakatA hai / 15. municaMdra sUri-ye bRhadgaccha ke the| inhoMne 1117 I0 meM nAgaura meM "upadeza padavRtti" racanA kA prArambha kiyA, jise pATana meM samApta kiyA gyaa| 16. vijayasiMha sUri-ye rAjagaccha ke muni the| inhoMne 1158 I0 meM pAlI meM "jambUdvIpa samAsa TIkA" kI racanA kii| 17. malladhAro hemacaMdra sUri-ye maladhAra gaccha ke AcArya the| "dvayAzraya kAvya" va "kumArapAla caritra'4 inakI prakhyAta racanAe~ haiN| inhoMne 1123 I0 meM mer3atA meM "bhavabhAvanA" svopajJa TIkA kI bhI racanA kI / 18. padmAnaMda zrAvaka-ye kharatara matAnuyAyI the| inhoMne 12vIM zatAbdI meM nAgaura meM 'vairAgyazataka" kI racanA kii| 19. varddhamAna sUri-ye kharatara gacchAcArya the / inhoMne 1115 I0 meM "dharmaratna. karakaMDa svopajJa TIkA saha" kI racanA kI / saMskRta abhilekha vidvattA ke kSetra meM sukhyAta hone ke kAraNa jainAcArya abhilekha Adi kA lekhana bhI karate the / kumArapAla kA 1150 I0 kA cittaur3a abhilekha, 1168 I0 kA bijauliyA abhilekha tathA anya kaI abhilekha inake dvArA likhe gye| ina abhilekhoM kA, aitihAsikatA ke sAtha kAvya-pakSa bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| hathUDI ke 916 I0, 939 I0 aura 996 I0 ke abhilekha, tathA isa kAla ke anya kaI abhilekha sundara saMskRta meM nibaddha haiM / vidhi-caitya Andolana ke pramukha AcArya jinaballabha sUri (1110 I0) ne maThoM evaM mandiroM meM rahane vAle caityavAsI sAdhuoM ko dhArmika vRtti apanAte hue Adarza jIvana. 1. rAjasA, pR0 98 / 2. jaisAsai, pR0 242 / 3. rAjaisA, pR0 81 / 4. jaisAsai, pR0 307-308 / 5. rAjaisA, pR0 80 /

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348 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma vyatIta karane kI zikSA dI thI / etadartha unhoMne aneka grantha bhI likhe, jinameM "aSTasapta TIkA", "saMghapaTTaka" va "dharmazikSA" pramukha haiN| jaina sAhitya se jJAta hotA hai ki ina tInoM granthoM ko zilAoM para utkIrNa karavAkara cittaur3a, nAgaura, mAroTha Adi ke vidhicaitya jaina mandiroM meM lagavAyA gayA thaa|' inake ziSya jinadatta sUri ko "aprabhrasa kAvyatrayI" meM isa tathya kA spaSTa ullekha hai / 2 inhIM ko cittaur3a prazasti, grantha rUpa meM prApta ho cukI hai| vigraharAja ke anuja tathA suprasiddha pRthvIrAja cauhAna ke pitA somezvara ke 2 abhilekha bijauliyA kI caTTAnoM para utkINaM haiM, jinakI tithi 1169 I0 hai| inameM se eka to bRhada prazasti hai, jisameM cauhAnoM ko vaMzAvalI evaM itihAsa hai| isake racayitA mAthura saMgha ke muni guNabhadra the, jinheM "kaviyoM ke gale ke AbhUSaNa" kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| pAsa kI caTTAna para prAgvATa zreSThI lolArka, jo zrIdhara ke putra the, ne siddhasUri viracita "uttamazikhara purANa" nAmaka jaina digambara grantha ko 1169 I0 meM citrasuta kezava dvArA zilAMkita krvaayaa| isa grantha meM pA~ca sarga aura 293 zloka (4) rAjasthAnI bhASA sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra: anya Adhunika Arya bhASAoM kI bhA~ti rAjasthAnI bhASA kA vikAsa bhI tatkAlIna gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM loka pracalita apabhraMza se huA hai| gurjara apabhraMza meM pazcimI apabhraMza kI sabhI vizeSatAeM hone se mArugarjara yA purAnI rAjasthAnI kA vikAsa gurjarI apabhraMza se mAnA jAtA hai|6 11vIM zatAbdI se 4 zatAbdI pazcAt taka kA sAhitya, "mArUgurjara" sAhitya hai| isake "purAnI rAjasthAnI", "purAnI pazcimI rAjasthAnI", "jUnI gujarAtI", "mArU sauraTha" Adi nAma bhI diye gaye haiN| ullekhanIya hai ki 15vIM zatAbdI taka purAnI gujarAtI aura purAnI rAjasthAnI eka hI thii| 1450 I0 ke lagabhaga donoM pRthak huiiN| isaliye mArU-gujara kA sAhitya, gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI donoM kA sAhitya hai / isa kAla meM racita sAhitya kI carcA, 1. gAosi, 76, pR0 8 / 2. apabhraza kaavytryii| 3. ei, 26, pR0 105 / 4. prAcIna bhAratIya lipimAlA, pR0 150 / 5. rAjaisA, pR0 163 / 6. vhii| 7. vahI, pR0 164 /

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 349 gujarAtI va rAjasthAnI sAhitya ke itihAsoM meM samAna rUpa se hotI hai| udyotana sUri dvArA 778 I0 meM likhe gaye "kuvalayamAlA" kathA grantha se rAjasthAnI bhASA ke maru-. dezIya rUpa kA ullekha nAma sahita milatA hai| ataH rAjasthAnI bhASA sAhitya kA udbhava kAla 8vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha mAnA jA sakatA hai| rAjasthAnI bhASA ke vikAsa ke cihna kramika rUpa se dekhane ko milate haiM / pUrva madhyakAla meM bhI kaI mahattvapUrNa sopAna isa bhASA ke vikAsa meM prakaTa hue / 1. kavi dhanapAla-10vI, 11vIM zatAbdI kI apabhraMza racanAoM meM rAjasthAnI bhASA ke vikAsa ke cihna milane lagate haiN| inake dvArA racita "satyapuriya mahAvIra utsAha" aisI hI racanA hai, jisameM 15 padya haiM, kintu aitihAsika dRSTi se yaha atyadhika mahattvapUrNa hai| 2. kavi palha-11vIM zatAbdI meM inhoMne 10 chappaya chaMdoM kI racanA kI, jisakI bhASA apabhraMza pradhAna hai / yaha jinadatta sUri kI stuti hai| 3. devasUri-12vIM zatAbdI meM nAgaura meM inake dvArA apane guru muni candrasUri kI stuti rUpa meM 25 padya apabhraMza mizrita race hue milate haiN| 4. vanasena sUri-inhoMne 1168 I0 meM "bharatezvara bAhubali ghora" nAmaka 25 padyoM kI rAjasthAnI kRti nibaddha kI thii| 5. zAlibhadra sUri-inake dvArA racita "bharatezvara bAhubali rAsa",3 rAjasthAnI bhASA kI saMvatollekha vAlI prathama racanA hai, jo 1984 I0 meM pUrNa huI thii| inhIM kI dUsarI racanA "buddhirAsa' hai| (5) hindI sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : hindI sAhitya ke AdikAla ko adhikAMza AdhArabhUta sAmagrI rAjasthAnI jaina sAhityakAroM dvArA hI racI gaI hai| sAmAnyataH hindI sAhitya kA AvirbhAva kAla 1000 I0 ke AsapAsa mAnA jAtA hai / AcArya rAmacandra zukla hindI ko apabhraMza se vikasita mAnate haiM / 1000 I0 ke AsapAsa apabhraMza bhASA ne vibhAjita hokara naye nAma dhAraNa kiye, jisase hindI bhASA kA bhI sUtrapAtra huaa| ardhamAgadhI aura nAgara apabhraMza se nikalane vAlI siddha aura jaina kaviyoM kI bhASA, hindI ke prArambhika rUpa 1. apabhraza kAvyatrayI, pR0 92-93 / 2. jaisarA, pR0 238-248 / 3. vIravANI, 1, pR0 48 / 4. bhAratIya vidyA, varSa 2, aMka 1 /

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350 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma kI chApa liye huye hai / ' AcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI ne bhI yaha mAnA hai ki hindI kA paravartI sAhitya apabhraMza sAhitya se kramazaH vikasita huaa|| DaoN0 gaNapaticandra gupta hindI ke prathama kavi ke rUpa meM zAlibhadra sari ko mAnyatA dete haiM / unake zabdoM meM, "jaina kaviyoM dvArA racita kucha aise rAsakAvya prakAza meM Aye haiM, jinakI prAmANikatA asaMdigdha hai tathA jinakI bhASA hindI ke prArambhika rUpa meM svIkRta kI jA sakatI hai| ina racanAoM meM kAlakrama tathA bhASA ke vikAsa ko dRSTi se sarvaprathama zAlibhadra sUri kRta "bharatezvara bAhubali rAsa" hai, jisakA racanAkAla 1184 I0 hai / "3 1173 I0 meM hemacandrAcArya ne aprabhraMza bhASA kA dUsarA rUpa "grAma" mAnA hai| vastutaH yahI bhASA Age calakara rAjasthAnI va anya dezI bhASAoM ke rUpa meM vikasita huI / hemacandra kA samaya 1088 I0 se 1172 I0 thaa| ataH 12vIM zatAbdI meM hindI kA janma mAnA jAnA cAhiye / bhASA ke liye "hindI" saMjJaka prayoga sarvaprathama "siyarUla oliyA" meM milatA hai| yaha eka phAraso pustaka hai| isake lekhaka maulAnA sayyada mabAraka ne zekha pharIduddIna zakaragaMja (1173 I0 se 1265 I0) ke sambandha meM eka ghaTanA ke varNana meM 'hindI" zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| bAda meM amIra khusaro ne apanI kaI racanAoM meM bhAratIya bhASAoM ke liye "hinduI" zabda kA prayoga kiyaa| (ba) madhyakAla : 13vIM se 16vIM zatAbdI taka vibhinna bhASAoM ke sAhitya meM vRddhi huI / isa kAla meM granthoM kA pratilipikaraNa, bhASya, TIkAyeM, bAlAvabodha Adi bhI sRjita huye / (1) prAkRta bhASA sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra: 1. jinaprabhasUri-ye dillI ke sulatAna muhammada tugalaka ke samakAlIna va vilakSaNa pratibhA ke dhanI the| zrImAlavaMzIya, lADanU nivAsI, jinaprabhasUri ne 1269 I0 meM jaina dIkSA grahaNa kara, 1284 I0 meM jinasiMha se AcArya pada prApta kiyaa| inhoMne ahichatrapura, satyapura, phalaudhI ityAdi meM vihAra karake "vividha tIrtha kalpa'4 nAmaka prAkRta sAhitya kA eka sundara grantha likhaa| isake atirikta "kAtaMtravibhrama vRtti", "zreNika caritra", "dvayAzraya kAvya", "vidhimArgaprapA' Adi aneka grantha likhe / agaracanda nAhaTA ke anusAra inhoMne saMskRta, prAkRta dezyabhASA ke lagabhaga 700 stotra 1. varmA, rAmakumAra, hindI sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa / 2. dvivedI, hindI sAhitya, pR0 16 / 3. gaNapati candragupta, hindI sAhitya kA vaijJAnika itihAsa, pR0 109 / 4. sijaisI, bambaI se prakAzita / .

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 351 . banAye / kucha stotra phArasI bhASA meM bhI likhe / vartamAna meM inake 75 stotra upalabdha haiN| 2. Thakkara pherU-13vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM prAkRta granthakAroM meM inakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / ye dhaMdhuka kula ke kalaza zreSThI ke putra va kannANapura nivAsI the / ye alAuddIna khilajI ke khacAMjI bhI rahe / inake "vAstusAra", "gaNitasAra kaumudI', "jyotissAra" Adi grantha prAkRta meM haiM / inake vaMza ke AdhAra para inheM rAjasthAna kA mAnA jAtA hai| 3. nemicaMdra bhaNDArI-jinapati sUri ke vidvAn zrAvaka nemicandra ne prAkRta meM "SaSTizataka prakaraNa", "jinavallabha sUri guNavarNana", "pArzvanAtha stotra" Adi racanAe~ likhIM / ye marukoTa ke rahane vAle the| inakA samaya 12vIM, 13vIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| 4. guNa samRddhi mahattarA-ye rAjasthAna ke prAkRta sAhityakAroM meM ekamAtra mahilA 'evaM sAdhvI lekhikA thIM, jo jinacandra sUri kI ziSyA thiiN| inhoMne 1350 I0 meM jaisalamera meM 504 gAthAoM meM "aMjanA sundarI carita" kI racanA kI thii| 5. jinaharSagaNi-inhoMne 15vIM zatAbdI meM cittaur3a meM "ratnazekharI kathA" gaca. padya meM likhI thii| isameM saMskRta evaM apabhraMza padya bhI milate haiM / yaha prAkRta kI sundara prema kathA hai / jAyasI kRta "padmAvata" ko isakA pUrva rUpa kaha sakate haiN| inhoMne "vastupAla tejapAla caritra" bhI likhA / " 6. ratnazekhara sUri-ye nAgapurIya tapAgaccha se sambandhita the| ataH inakA kAryakSetra rAjasthAna bhI rahA hogA / ye 15vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn the / inhoMne "chandakoSa" kI racanA kI / kaI prAkRta chandoM ke lakSaNa isa grantha meM varNita haiN| 7. kavi rAjamalla-inhoMne 16vIM zatAbdI meM "chandovidyA" kI racanA rAjA bhAramalla ke liye kI thii| bhAramalla zrImAla vaMzIya evaM nAgaura kA saMghAdhipati thA / ataH ye kavi rAjasthAna se sambandhita the / 8. jinabhadra sUri (1392 I0-1457 I.)-ye kharataragacchIya jinarAjasUri ke 1. rAjaisA, pR0 42 / 2. jaisAsai, 5, pR0 242 / 3. jinacandra smRga / 4. jaisalamera bhaNDAra ko grantha sUcI, pR0 49 / 5. jaisAsai, pR0 360 / 6. zAha, jaisAbRi, 5, pR0 202-203 /

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352 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma ziSya the| inhoMne vibhinna sthAnoM para jJAna bhaNDAra sthApita kiye| ye saMskRta va prAkRta ke vidvAn the / 'jinasattarI" inakI pramukha prAkRta racanA hai|' 9. bhaTTAraka jinacaMdra-bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ke ziSya jinacandra 16vIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha digambara jaina santa the / inakI prAkRta racanA "siddhAntasAra" hai| 10. muni hIrakalaza-1564 I0 meM nAgaura meM inhoMne "jyotissAra" kI racanA prAkRta meM kii| isa grantha kI prati bambaI ke mANika candra bhaNDAra meM hai| 11. bhaTTAraka zubhacaMdra-ye balAtkAragaNa se sambandhita, sAgavAr3A ke bhaTTAraka the| ye jinabhaSaNa ke ziSya the| inhoMne "zabda cintAmaNi" nAmaka prAkRta vyAkaraNa likhii| "aMgapaNNati" bhI inakI eka anya prasiddha racanA hai| inakA samaya 16vIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| inake atirikta, nayaraMga, jayasoma Adi bhI isa kAla ke pramukha prAkRta kavi the| ina zatAbdiyoM ko anya racanAe~-divAkara dAsa kI "gAthAkoSa saptazatI", va anya racanAkAroM kI "vidhikaMdalI", "aMgula sattarI" Adi bhI upalabdha hotI haiN| (2) apabhraMza sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra: 1. vinayacaMdra sUri-13vIM zatAbdI meM vinayacandra nAma ke do apabhraza ke kavi hue haiN| inhoMne "neminAtha catuSpadikA" likhI, jisako prati jaisalamera bhaNDAra 2. paM0 lAkha (lakkhaNa)- inake dvArA 1218 I0 meM viracita "jinadatta cariu" apabhraMza ke kathAkAvyoM meM eka uttama racanA mAnI jAtI hai| ye jAyasavAla vaMzIya tathA tribhuvanagiri ke nivAsI the| inakI prArambhika racanA 'caMdanachaThThI kahA" hai, jo eka itivRttAtmaka laghukAya racanA hai / inakI eka aura racanA 1256 I0 meM racita "aNuvrata pradIpa" bhI jJAta huI hai| 3. muni vinaya caMdra-muni vinayacandra ne "cUnaDI rAsa" nAmaka apabhraMza kAvya kI racanA tribhuvanagar3ha meM ajayanarendra ke vihAra meM baiThakara kI thii| tribhuvanagar3ha yA tribhuvanagiri, tahanagar3ha hI hai, jahA~ para 13vIM zatAbdI meM yAdavavaMzI kumArapAla kA 1. rAjaisA, pR0 44 / 2. rAbhA, 3, aMka 2 / 3. zAha, jaisAvRi, 5, pR0 186 / 4. rAjaisA, pR0 50 / 5. prema sumana, jaisarA, pR0 230 / 6. rAjaisA, pR0 146 /

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 353 rAjya thA / isa rAsa meM 32 padya haiM / isake atirikta inakI " Nijjhara paMcamI kahArAsu" bhI upalabdha hai / inakA racanA kAla 12vIM yA 13vIM zatAbdI anumAnita hai / " 4. amara kIrti - ye 13vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn the / inakI "cakkammovaesa" evaM " purandara vidhAna kathA" apabhraMza kRtiyA~, Amera zAstra bhaNDAra meM upalabdha haiM / inake granthoM meM " godahayanagara " evaM "mahiyaDa" nAmaka sthAnoM kA ullekha hai, jo pazcimI bhArata ke nagara the / ataH inakA kAryakSetra rAjasthAna bhI rahA hogA / " 5 jinaprabha sUri- inhoMne apabhraMza meM " nANappayAsa" kI racanA kI / yaha kRti " kulaka" nAma se bhI prasiddha hai / inakI apabhraMza kI dUsarI kRti " dhammAdhammavicAra " hai / inhoMne "sAvagavihi" nAma kI eka racanA bhI kI, jo dohA chaMda meM apabhraMza ke 32 padyoM kI hai / inhoMne muhammada tugalaka ko bhI apanI pratibhA se prabhAvita kiyA thA, ataH inakA samaya 14vIM zatAbdI honA cAhiye / 3 Shou 6. kavi haricaMda - paM0 paramAnanda zAstrI ke anusAra kavi kA nAma "halla" yA "hariinda" athavA haricaMda thA / inakA " vaDDhamANa kavva" yA "vardhamAna kAvya" lagabhaga 15vIM zatAbdI kI racanA hai / isakA racanAsthala rAjasthAna meM hI thA / inake guru padmanandi the / 4 , - 7. brahma bUcarAja - inakA eka nAma " valha" bhI thA / ye mUlataH rAjasthAnI kavi the / inakI racanAoM meM inake bUcA, valha, vIlha va valhava Adi nAma bhI milate haiM / ye bhaTTAraka vijayakIrti ke ziSya the / 1525 I0 meM inheM caMpAvatI (cAtasU) meM " samyakatva kaumudI" kI prati bheMTa kI gaI thI, ataH ye rAjasthAna se avazya sambaddha rahe hoMge / prApta racanAoM ke AdhAra para inakA kAla 1473 I0 se 1543 I0 taka mAnA jAtA hai / brahmacArI hone ke kAraNa inakA brahma vizeSaNa prasiddha ho gayA / inako 8 racanAoM meM se "mayaNajujjha" hI apabhraMza racanA hai, jo inhoMne 1532 I0 meM samApta kI thI / isa kRti kI pratiyA~ rAjasthAna ke kaI zAstra bhaNDAroM meM milatI haiM / " 8. brahmasAdhAraNa - ye rAjasthAnI saMta, bhaTTAraka narendra kIrti ke ziSya the / pahale ye paM0 sAdhAraNa ke nAma se prasiddha the, kintu brahmacArI rahane ke kAraNa inake nAma ke sAtha "brahma" vizeSaNa jur3a gayA / inhoMne 15vIM, 16vIM zatAbdiyoM meM apabhraMza bhASA meM nimna 9 racanAe~ likhIM- "koilapaMcamI kahA", "mauDasaptamI kahA", " ravivaya kahA ", 1. rAjaisA, pR0 147 / 2. vahI / 3. jaisarA, pR0 230 / 4. jaigraprasa, pR0 86 / 5. rAjaisaMta, pR0 71 / 23

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354 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma "tiyAla cauvIsI kahA", "sumaMjali kahA ", nivasisattamI vaya kahA ", " Nijjhara paMcamI kahA ", " aNuvevakhA", "duddhArami kahA " / " 9. tejapAla - ye khaNDelavAla jAtIya the evaM apabhraMza ke sukhyAta kavi the / inhoMne svayaM ko " vAsanapura " kA nivAsI batAyA hai / inako 3 kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiM / prathama "pAsaNAha cariu " 1458 I0 kI racanA hai / isakI eka pAMDulipi ajamera ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM hai / dUsarI "saMbhavaNAha cariu " hai, jisakI racanA zrImanta nagara meM sampanna huI thI / tIsarI kRti "varAMgacariu" hai, jisakA kAla 1450 I0 hai | 10. mahAkavi raddadhU :- ye madhyakAlIna apabhraMza kaviyoM meM sarvAdhika lokapriya kavi haiM / racanAoM kI saMkhyA kI dRSTi se bhI inakA apabhraMza sAhitya meM sarvopari sthAna hai / DaoN0 rAjArAma jaina ne inakI 35 apabhraMza kRtiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / inakI racanAoM meM janmasthAna ke bAre meM koI jAnakArI nahIM milatI hai / rAjArAma jaina ke anusAra inakA janma paMjAba evaM rAjasthAna ke sImAMta se lekara gvAliyara ke bIca taka kA koI sthAna honA cAhiye / DA~0 kAsalIvAla ne inakA janma sthAna dhaulapura mAnA hai / sambhava hai, vayaska hone ke uparAnta inhoMne apanA nivAsa sthAna badala liyA ho / jayapura, ajamera, nAgaura, maujamAbAda Adi sthAnoM ke grantha saMgrahAlayoM meM kavi kI nimna kRtiyA~ saMgrahIta haiM- " mehesara cariu", "jIvaMdhara cariu", "pauma cariu", "harivaMza purANa", "pajjuNa cariu ", "pAsaNAha purANa", "sammataguNa nidhAna", " jasahara cariu", "ghaNNakumAra cariu ", " puNNAsava kahA kosu", "sukomala cariu", " sammaijiNa cariu ", " sirivAla kahA", "siddhAntArtha sAra", "sAMtiNAha cariu", "apyasaMbo hakantra", "sammattakaumudo", "NemigAha cariu", "karakaMDu cariu", " dazalakSaNa jayamAla ", " SoDaSakAraNa jayamAla", "bhavosayatta cariu" / 11. yazakIrti :- 15vIM zatAbdI ke apabhraMza kaviyoM meM inakA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / inhoMne 1440 I0 meM "harivaMza purANa", tathA 1443 I0 meM "pAMDava - purANa" kI racanA kI thI / "pAMDava purANa" nAgaura meM tathA "harivaMza purANa" jalAlakhoM ke rAjya meM indrapura meM likhA gayA / ina donoM granthoM kI pAMDulipiyA~ Amera aura nAgaura ke zAstra bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha haiM / 12. kavi Thakkura : ye 15vIM - 16vIM zatAbdI ke apabhraMza tathA hindI bhASA ke 1. rAjasaMta pR0 71 / 2. vahI / 3. rAjArAma jaina, raibU sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana, pR0 48 / 4. jaibharA, pR0 140 /

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jana sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 355 kavi the | ye ajamerA gotrIya khaNDelavAla evaM cAtasU nivAsI the / inakA racanAkAla 1521 I0 se 1528 I0 mAnA gayA hai / inhoMne 1521 I0 meM " pArasa zravaNa sattAisI" kI racanA kI, jo aitihAsika vivaraNa se sampanna hai / inake atirikta" jina cauvIsI", "kRpaNa caritra" ( 1523 I0), "paMceMdriya beli" ( 1528 I0 ) aura "nemizvara beli" Adi racanAe~ bhI nibaddha kIM / DaoN0 kAsalIvAla ne kavi kI upalabdha 9 racanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / " inameM se " meghamAlA vrata kathA" aura "citAmaNi jayamAla" apabhraMza kI haiN| ina racanAoM ke AdhAra para kavi kA racanA kAla 1518 I0 se 1533 I0 bhI mAnA gayA hai / 13. zAha ThAkura : - apabhraMza meM nibaddha inakI " zAMtinAtha caritra" nAmaka racanA milatI hai / yaha prabandha kAvya 1595 I0 meM jalAluddIna bAdazAha akabara ke zAsanakAla meM DhUMDhAr3a deza ke kacchapavaMzI rAjA mAnasiMha ke kAla meM likhA gayA thA 13 ye khaMDelavAla jAti ke aura luhAr3iyA gotra ke the / inake guru ajamera zAkhA ke vidvAn bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti the / 4 14. muni mahanandI :- ye bhaTTAraka vIranandI ke ziSya the / inakI ekamAtra apabhraMza kRti " bArakkhar3I" yA " pAhuDadohA " upalabdha huI hai / inakI 1634 I0 kI likhita eka pAMDulipi terahapaMthI bar3e mandira, jayapura meM kramAMka 1825, veSThana saMkhyA 1653 I0 meM milatI haiM / kahIM-kahIM inakA nAma mahamaMda ( mahIcaMda ) bhI milatA hai / " 15. dAmodara : - inhoMne svayaM ko mUla saMgha sarasvatI gaccha aura balAtkAra gaNa ke bhaTTAraka prabhAcanda, padmanandi, zubhacandra, jinacandra kI paramparA kA batalAyA hai / cU~ki jinacandra kA rAjasthAna se ghaniSTha sambandha thA, ataH ye bhI rAjasthAna se saMbaddha mAne jA sakate haiM / inakI kRtiyA~ "siripAla cariu", " candappacariu" tathA "Nemi - NAha cariu" upalabdha hotI haiM / dvitIya kRti kI ekamAtra pAMDulipi nAgaura ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM hai / (3) saMskRta sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 13vIM se 16vIM zatAbdI ke madhya vibhinna digaMbara evaM zvetAmbara muniyoM ke dvArA vipula saMskRta sAhitya sRjita kiyA gayA / AcAryoM evaM unakI kRtiyoM kA vivaraNa nimna hai : :--- 1. ane0 16, kiraNa 4, pR0 170 - 171 / 2. rAjaisA, pR0 148 / 3. jaigraprasa, pR0 130 / 4. vahI, pR0 130-131 / 5. rAja saMta, pR0 75 / jaisarA, pR0 231 | 6.

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356 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 1. lakSmotilakopAdhyAya (1218 I0-1283 I0) :-ye kharataragacchIya jinezvara sUri dvitIya ke ziSya the / 1231 I0 meM dIkSita hokara, 1255 I0 meM vAcanAcArya evaM 1260 I0 meM jAlaura meM upAdhyAya pada prApta kiyaa| inhoMne abhayatilaka racita kaI granthoM kA saMzodhana kiyaa| inakI pramukha racanAe~ "pratyeka buddhacaritra" mahAkAvya' ( 1254 I0 ) aura 1260 I0 meM jAlaura meM racita "zrAvaka dharma vRhad vRtti" haiN| 2. abhayatilakopAdhyAya :-ye kharataragacchIya jinezvara sUri dvitIya ke ziSya the| inakA samaya 13vIM zatAbdI rahA / 1234 I0 meM jAlaura meM dIkSA va 1262 I0 meM upAdhyAya hue| ye nyAya aura kAvyazAstra ke praur3ha vidvAn the| inakI pramukha racanAe~hemacandrIya saMskRta "dvayAzraya kAvya" para TIkA (1255 I0 )3 "paMcaprasthAna", "nyAya tarka vyAkhyA", "pAnIyavAda sthala" Adi haiN|4 3. AcArya jayasena :-ye AcArya vIrasena ke praziSya the| inhoMne bhI "samayasAra", "pravacanasAra", "paMcAstikAya", para saMskRta TIkAe~ likhiiN| zAstra bhaNDAroM meM ina TIkAoM kI ekAdhika pratiyAM milatI haiN| racanAoM meM samayollekha nahIM hai / vibhinna pramANoM ke AdhAra para inakA samaya 13vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvAddha mAnA jAtA hai / 4. bAzAdhara :-ye mUlataH mAMDalagar3ha ( mevAr3a ) ke nivAsI the| 1292 I0 meM zahAbuddIna gorI ke AkramaNa ke samaya ye dhArAnagarI meM jAkara basa gaye / vahA~ se bhI kucha samaya pazcAt ye nAlachA cale gaye, jahAM inhoMne aneka grantha va unakI TIkAeM likhiiN| AvAdhara saMskRta ke mahApaMDita tathA nyAya, vyAkaraNa, kAvya, alaMkAra, zabdakoSa, dharmazAstra, yogazAstra aura vaidyaka Adi viSayoM para pUrNa adhikAra rakhate the| inakI vibhinna racanAoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jisameM se 11 upalabdha hai-"prameyaratnAkara", "bharatezvarAbhyudaya"", "jJAnadIpikA", "rAjamatIvipralaMbha", "adhyAtmarahasya", "mUlArAdhanA TIkA", 'iSTopadeza TIkA", "bhUpAla caturvizati TIkA", "ArA 1. jaisalamera bhaMDAra kI grantha sUcI, pR0 23 / 2. rAjaisA, pR0 64 / 3. jaisAsai, pR0 410 / 4. rAjaisA, pa 65 / 5. kAsalIvAla, rAjasA, pR0 99 / 6. vahI, pR0 99-101 / 7. vahI, pR0 100 / 8. jaisAaui, pR0 134-135 / 9. vhii|

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 357 dhanAsAra TokA", "amarakoSa TIkA", "kriyAkalApa TIkA"', "kAvyAlaMkAra TIkA", "jinasahastra nAma", "jinapaMjarakAvya" ( 1228 I0), "triSaSThi smRti zAstra"4 (1235 I0), "ratnatrayavidhAna" (1225 I0), "sAgara dharmAmRta TIkAsaha" ( 1239 I0), "anagAra dharmAmRta", "bhavya kumuda candrikA TIkA saha" ( 1243 ii0)| inake atirikta inhoMne "siddhacakrapUjA", "dIkSApaTala", "pratiSThA sAra", "jinakalyANamAlA", "paMcakalyANakamAlA", "svAstimaMgala vidhAna", 'aMkurAropaNa vidhi" kI bhI racanA kI / AzAdhara racita "tribhaMgI subodhinI" TIkA ko 2 pratiyAM jayapura ke digambara jaina mandira lazkara ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM saMgrahIta haiN| inhoMne "zAMtinAtha purANa" kI bhI racanA kii| inake dvArA racita "amarakoSa TIkA",' tathA vAgbhaTa ke kArya para likhI gaI "aSTAMgahRdaya dhotinI TIkA' donoM anupalabdha hai / 10 5. vAgabhaTTa :-vAgabhaTTa nAma ke aneka vidvAna hue haiN| ye ahichatrapura ke rahane vAle prAgvATa chAhada ke putra the|11 ye 13vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna the| inake dvArA racita "chandonuzAsana' evaM ''kAvyAnuzAsana'' kRtiyA~ jJAta huI haiN| "neminirvANa" nAmaka racanA bhI inake dvArA likhita batAI jAtI hai| inhoMne anekoM sUtroM kI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM "kAvyamAlA" kI bhI racanA kI / 12 / 6. bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra :-ye dharmacandra ke praziSya aura ratnakIrti ke ziSya the| ye tugalaka vaMza ke samakAlIna the| ajamera inakI gAdI tathA rAjasthAna, dillI evaM uttara pradeza kAryakSetra thaa| inhoMne "samAdhi tantra" tathA amRtacandra ke "AtmAnuzAsana" para saMskRta meM TIkAe~ likhIM, jo lokapriya rhiiN| inakA kAla sambhavataH 13vIM zatAbdI 1. jaisAaui, pR0 135 / / 2. vahI, pR0 136 / 3. vahI, pR0 135 / 4. vahI, pR0 136 / 5. vahI, pR0 134-136 / 6. vahI, pR0 134-35 / 7. rAjazAgrasU, 5, pR0 20 / 8. vahI, pR0 25 / 9, jaisAaui, pR0 135 / 10. vahI, pR0 136 / 11. vahI, pR0 483 / 12. vahI, pR0 486 /

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358 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma thaa| inhoMne "samayasAra" para bhI TIkA likhI, jisakI ekamAtra prati bhaTTArakIya digambara jaina mandira, ajamera meM hai| 7. jinezvara ri dvitIya :-ye kharataragaccha ke the| inhoMne 1260 I0 meM jAlaura meM "zrAvaka dharmavidhi svopajJa TIkA" kI racanA kii| 8. sarvadevasari :-ye bhI kharataragaccha ke muni the| inhoMne 1230 I0 meM jaisalamera meM "svapna saptati TokA" kI racanA kI / 9. pUrNabhadragaNI :--ye kharataragaccha se sambandhita the| inhoMne 1228 I0 meM jaisalamera meM "dhanyazAlibhadra caritra" kI racanA kI / " "atimukta kathA caritra" aura "kRtapuNya carita" inhIM kI anya racanAe~ haiN| 10. jinaprabhasUri ( 1269 I0-1336 I0 )--ye laghu kharataragaccha zAkhA se sambandhita the aura jinasiMha sUri ke ziSya the / ye mahammada tugalaka ke pratibodhaka dharmaguru tathA mahAprabhAvI evaM camatkArI AcArya rhe| inakI pramukha racanAe~ isa prakAra haiM "zreNika caritra" (dvayAzrayakAvya, 1299 I0), "kalpasUtra sandeha viSauSadhi TIkA" ( 1307 I0 ), "sAdhu pratikramaNa sUtra TIkA' ( 1307 I0 ), "SaDAvazyaka TIkA", "anuyoga catuSTaya vyAkhyA", "pravrajyAbhidhAna TIkA", "vidhi mArga prathA" ( 1306 I0), 'kAtantravibhrama TokA" ( 1295 I0 ), "anekArtha saMgraha TIkA", "zeSa saMgraha TokA", "vidagdha mukha maMDana TokA" ( 1311 I0), "gAyatrI vivaraNa" "mUrimaMtra vRhatkalpa vivaraNa", "rahasya kalpadruma" aura "vividha tIrtha kalpa"6 Adi grantha / stotra sAhitya meM inake lagabhaga 80 stotra prApta haiM / "vividha tIrtha kalpa" tIrthoM ke itihAsa ke bAre meM abhUtapUrva, maulika evaM aitihAsika tathyoM se paripUrNa racanA hai / 11. jinakuzala sari ( 1280 I0-1332 I0 ):-zvetAmbara samAja meM tIsare dAdAjI ke nAma se prasiddha, kharataragacchIya jinacandra sUri ke ziSya, chAjahar3a gotrIya, jinakuzala 1280 I0 meM sivAnA meM utpanna haye aura 1318 I0 meM nAgaura meM vAca 1, rAjaisA, pR0 102 / 2. rAjazAgrasU, 5, pR0 23 / 3. rAjaisA, pR0 74.82 / 4. rAbhA, 3, aMka 2 / 5. jaisalamera bhaNDAra ke granthoM kI sUcI, pR0 3 evaM 34 / 6. rAjaisA. pR0 65, sijaisI, kra. 10 / 7. vahI /

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 359 nAcArya pada prApta kiyaa| 1326 I0 meM bAr3amera meM racita "caityavaMdanakulaka vRtti" inakI mukhya kRti hai / inake dvArA viracita kaI stotra bhI prApta haiN|' 12. abhayadeva sUri :-ye rudrapallIya zAkhA se sambandhita the / inhoMne 1221 I0 meM "jayanta vijaya" mahAkAvya kI racanA kii| 13. somatilaka sari :-ye bhI rudrapallIya zAkhA se sambandhita the| inakI pramukha racanAe~--''zIlopadeza mAlA TIkA" 1335 I0, "SaDdarzana samuccaya TIkA" 1335 I0, 'kanyAnayana tIrtha kalpa" Adi haiN| 14. saMghatilaka sUri :--rudrapallIya zAkhA se sambandhita ina AcArya kI pramukha racanAe~--"samyaktva saptati TIkA" 1365 I0, 'kumArapAla prabandha" 1397 I0 va "khyiAna TIkA" Adi haiN| 15. divAkarAcArya :-ye rudra pallIya zAkhA ke muni the| inakI 14vIM zatAbdI meM viracita "dAnopadezamAlA" upalabdha hotI hai|" 16. devendra sUri :-ye bhI rudrapallIya zAkhA se sambaddha the| inakI pramukha racanAe~-"dAnopadezamAlA TIkA" 1361 I0, "praznottara ratnamAlA TIkA" 1372 I0, "navapada abhinava prakaraNa TIkA" 1395 I0 Adi haiN| 17. candra tilaka :-inhoMne 1255 I0 meM "abhayakumAra caritra" kI racanA bAr3amera meM prArambha kii| 18. vivekasamudra :-inhoMne 1277 I0 meM "naravarmacarita" evaM "puNya sAgara kathA" kI racanA jaisalamera meM kI / ... 19. nayacandra sUri :-inhoMne saMbhavataH 13vIM zatAbdI ke anta meM "hammIra mahAkAvya' kI racanA rAjasthAna meM kii| yaha kathAtmaka evaM aitihAsika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| 1. rAjaisA, pu0 65; sisI kr010| 2. rAjaisA, pu072| 3. vhii| 4. vhii| 5. vhii| 6. vhii| 7. jaisAsai, pR0 411 / 8. vahI, pR0 415 / 9. nAhaTA, rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI gauravapUrNa paramparA, pR0 35 / /

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360 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharmaM 20. bhaTTAraka pamanandi :- ye prabhAcandra ke mukhya ziSya the aura 1328 I0 meM bhaTTAraka bane / ina para sarasvatI kI asIma kRpA thI / kahA jAtA hai ki inhoMne sarasvatI kI pASANa pratimA ko mukha se bulavA diyA thA inakA kAryakSetra cittaur3a mevAr3a, bUndI nainavA, ToMka, jhAlAvAr3a Adi the / ye saMskRta ke prakAMDa vidvAn the / / zAstra bhaNDAroM meM inakI kaI racanAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM / " inameM se kucha nimna haiM"padmanandI zrAvakAcAra", "anantavratakathA ", " vardhamAna caritra" 2 " dvAdazavratodyApana pUjA", "pArzvanAtha stotra", "naMdIzvara bhakti pUjA", "lakSmI stotra", " vItarAga stotra", "zrAvakAcAra TIkA '3, "devazAstra gurupUjA", "ratnatraya pUjA", "bhAvanA caubIsI", "paramAtmarAja stotra", "sarasvatI pUjA", "siddhapUjA", 'zAMtinAtha stavana", "jIrAvalA pArzvanAtha stavana", "bhAvanA paddhati" Adi / 21. taruNa prabhAcArya :- ye kharataragaccha se sambandhita the / inhoMne 14 vIM zatAbdI meM jaisalamera meM " jaisalamera pArzva stavana" kI racanA kI" / 22. jinavarddhana sUri :- ye kharataragacchIya jinarAja sUri ke ziSya aura 15vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya the| inakA kAryakSetra jaisalamera aura mevAr3a thA / inhoMne " saptapadArthI TIkA" 1417 I0, " vAgbhaTAlaMkAra TIkA", "pratyeka buddhacaritra", aura " satyapuramaMDana mahAvIra stotra" kI racanA kI / 23. jinabhadra sUri : ye kharataragacchIya jinarAja sUri ke ziSya the / inhoMne jaisalamera, jAlaura, devagiri, nAgaura, pATaNa, mAMDavagar3ha, AzApallI, karNAvatI, khaMbhAta Adi sthAnoM para zAstra bhaNDAra sthApita kiye the| inakI pramukha kRtiyA~ - " sUri maMtrakalpa", "zatru Mjaya laghumAhAtmya", tathA kaI stotrAdi haiM / saMskRta racanA " apavarga nAmamAlA koSa" bhI hai / " inakI eka anya 24. jaghasAgaropAdhyAya (1393 I0-1458 I0 ) :- ye kharataragacchIya jinarAja sUri ke ziSya the / inakA kAryakSetra jaisalamera, AbU, gujarAta, siMgha, paMjAba va himAcala 1. kAsalIvAla, rAjasA, pR0 103 / 2. jaigraprasa, pR0 21 / 3. vahI, pR0 14 / 4. rAjesA, pR0 102 / " 5. vahI, pR0 72 / 6. vahI, pR0 65 / 7. vahI, pR0 66 / 8. jaigragra, pR0 16 /

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra: 361 rahA / inhoMne sahastroM stuti stotroM kI racanA kI / inakI mukhya kRtiyA~ nimna haiM" vijJapti triveNI" 1427 I0, " pRthvIcandra caritra" 1446 I0, "jaisalamera zAMtinAtha jinAlaya prazasti" 1436 I0, " saMdeha dohAvalI TIkA", "gurupAratantrya stotra TIkA", "bhAvArivAraNa stotra TIkA " evaM anekoM stotra | " vijJapti triveNI" eka aitihAsika vijJapti patra hai, jisameM kaI tIrthoM kA durlabha vivaraNa aMkita hai / " 25. kIrtiratna sUri (1392 I0-1468 I0 ) :- ye kharataragacchIya jinavarddhana sUri ke ziSya the / inakI viziSTa racanA "neminAtha mahAkAvya" hai 12 26. bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti :- ye anahilapura paTTana nivAsI hummar3a jAtIya the / naiNavA meM inhoMne padmanandI kA ziSyatva grahaNa kiyA thaa| inakA prAkRta evaM saMskRta donoM para samAna adhikAra thA / rAjasthAna ke vibhinna grantha bhaNDAroM meM abhI taka inakI nimna saMskRta racanAe~ upalabdha huI haiM- "mUlAcAra pradIpa", "praznottaropAsakAcAra" "AdipurANa", "uttarapurANa", "zAMtinAtha carita", "vardhamAna caritra", "mallinAtha caritra ", " yazodhara caritra", "dhanyakumAra caritra", "sukumAla caritra" " sudarzana caritra", " sadbhASitAvalI", "pArzvanAtha caritra", 'vratakathAkoSa", "neminAtha caritra", "" karma vipAka", "tattvArthaM sAra dIpaka", "siddhAntasAra dIpaka", 1425 I0, " AgamasAra", "paramAtmarAja stotra", "sAracaturviMzatikA", "zrIpAla caritra", "jambUsvAmI caritra", " dvAdazAnuprekSA", " aSTAhnikA pUjA", "solahakAraNa pUjA", "gaNadharavalaya pUjA", "bhAvanApaMcaviMzati vrata kathA", Adi / 3 27. vADava : ye zvetAmbara aMcalagacchIya upAsaka zrAvaka the va virATa nagara ke 'nivAsI the / ye saMskRta va jaina sAhitya ke saphala TIkAkAra va 15vIM zatAbdI ke praur3ha vidvAna the / inhoMne anekoM granthoM para TIkAe~ likhIM, jinameM se bahuta sI prApta nahIM haiN| inakI ekamAtra apUrNa kRti " vRttaratnAkara avacUri" muni vinaya sAgara ke vyaktigata saMgraha meM hai / isakI prazasti ke anusAra vADava ne nimnalikhita granthoM para avacUriyA~ likhI -- "kumArasaMbhava", "kalyANamaMdira stotra", "meghadUta", "raghuvaMza", "mAtra", "kirAtArjunIya", "bhaktAmara stotra", "pArzvanAtha stotra", "jIrApallI pArzvanAtha stotra", "tripurA stotra", "vRttaratnAkara ", " vAgbhaTAlaMkAra", "vidagdha mukhamaMDana", " yoga zAstra", " vItarAga stotra" Adi / ina kRtiyoM kI khoja kI AvazyakatA hai / * 1. rAjaisA, pR0 67 // 2. jaisAsai, pR0 471 / 3. rAjesA, 103 - 104 / 4. vahI, pR0 66 /

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.362 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 28. caritra varddhana ( 1413 I0-1463 I0 ) :-ye pratibhAzAlI va bahuzruta vidvAn laghu kharataragacchIya tathA kalyANarAja ke ziSya the| inakA upanAma naraveza sarasvatI thaa| inakI pramukha racanAe~-"raghuvaMza TIkA", "kumArasambhava TIkA" 1435 I0, "zizupAlavadha TIkA", "naiSadha kAvya TIkA'' 1454 I0, "meghadUta TIkA", "rAghavapAMDavIya TIkA", "sindUraprakara TIkA" 1448 I0, "bhAvArivAraNa" evaM "kalyANa mandira stotra TIkA' haiN|' 29. kamala saMyamopAdhyAya :-ye jinadatta sUri ke ziSya the / inhoMne 1487 I0 meM "uttarAdhyayana" para saMskRta TIkA likhii| 30. varddhamAna sUri :- ye rudrapallIya zAkhA ke AcArya the| inhoMne 1411 I0 meM "AcAra dinakara" kI racanA kii| 31. zrI tilaka :-ye bhI rudrapallIya zAkhA ke muni the| inhoMne 15vIM zatAbdI meM "gautama pRcchA' TIkA likhii| 32. lakSmIcandra :-ye bhI rudrapallIya zAkhA se sambaddha the| inhoMne 1408 I0 meM "saMdezarAsaka TIkA' likhii| 33. jinasAgara sUri :-ye pippalaka zAkhA ke jainAcArya the| inakI 15vIM zatAbdI meM racita "kapUra prakara TIkA", "siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana laghuvRtti" upalabdha 34. dharmacandra :-ye bhI pippalaka zAkhA ke muni the| inakI mukhya racanAe~ "siMdUra prakara TIkA" 1456 I0, 'svAtmasaMbodha", "karpUra maMjarI saTTaka TIkA" haiM / 35. harSakujaropAdhyAya :-ye pippalaka zAkhA se saMbaMdhita the| inhoMne 1473 I0 meM "sumati caritra" likhaa| ___ 36. bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa :-isa nAma ke 4 bhaTTAraka huye haiN| ye vimalendra kIrti ke ziSya the| bAda meM inhoMne bhaTTAraka bhuvanakIrti ko bhI apanA guru svIkAra kara liyA thaa| ye apane samaya ke prasiddha saMta evaM vidvAna the| 1478 I0 se 1500 1. rAjasA, 66 / 2. vahI, pR0 72 / 3. vhii| 4. vhii| 5. vhii| .. 6. vhii| 7. vahI, pR0 73 /

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 363 I0 taka inakA bhaTTAraka jIvana rhaa| 1503 I0 meM inhoMne "tatvajJAnataraMgiNI' kI racanA samApta kii| ye prAkRta, saMskRta, hindI, gujarAtI evaM rAjasthAnI ke parama vidvAn the / nAthUrAma premI ne inake "tattvajJAnataraMgiNI", "siddhAntasAra bhASya", "paramArthopadeza", "Adizvara phAga" "bhaktAmarodyApana", "sarasvatI pUjA" Adi granthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| paM0 paramAnanda ne ukta racanAoM ke atirikta-"sarasvatI stavana" "Atmasambodhana" Adi kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / DaoN0 kAsalIvAla dvArA grantha bhaNDAroM kI khojabIna karane para nimna racanAoM kA bhI patA lagA hai| 'RSimaNDala pUjA", "pUjASTaka TIkA'', ''paMcakalyANakodyApana pUjA", "bhaktAmara pUjA"5 "zruti pUjA"6, "sarasvatI pUjA", "sarasvatI stuti", "zAstramaNDala pUjA', "dazalakSaNavratodyApana pUjA"1deg / 37. paM0 meghAvI :-ye bhaTTAraka jinacandra ke ziSya, agravAla jAtIya va saMskRta ke dhurandhara vidvAn the| inhoMne 1486 I0 meM "dharmasaMgraha zrAvakAcAra" kI racanA nAgaura meM sampanna kii|1|| 38. padmaviragaNI:-ye kharataragaccha ke muni the| inhoMne 1496 I0 meM jaisalamera meM "RSi maNDala prakaraNa TIkA", 1489 I0 meM jaisalamera meM "gaNadhara sArddha -- zataka laghu vRtti" kI racanA kI / 12 39. cAritra sundaragaNI :-ye tapAgacchIya mani the / inhoMne 1442 I0 meM cittaur3a meM "dAnapradIpa" kI racanA kii| 3 1. jaisAaui, pR0 382 / 2. jainaprasa, bhUmikA / 3. rAjezAgra sU, 4, pR0 463 / 4. cahI, pR0 650 / 5. vahI, pR0 523 / 6. vahI, pR0 537 / 7. vahI, pR0 515 / 8. vahI, pR0 657 / 9. vahI, pR0 530 / 20. vahI, pR0 830 / 11. rAjaisA, pR0 113 / 12. vahI, pR0 74-82 / 13. bhii|

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364 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jenadharma 40. mANikya sundaragaNI : ye bhI tapAgaccha se saMbaMdhita the / inhoMne 1444 I0 meM deva kulapATaka meM " bhavabhAvanA" bAlAvabodha kI racanA kI / " 41. jayasAgaropAdhyAya :- ye kharataragaccha se sambandhita the / inhoMne 1416 I0 meM jaisalamera meM " zAntinAtha jinAlaya prazasti" racI / 2 42. mANikya sundara sUri : ye aMcalagaccha ke muni the / inhoMne 1406 I0 meM devakulapATaka meM "zrIdhara caritra" mahAkAvya kI racanA kI / 1427 I0 meM sAMcaura meM " guNavarma caritra" likhA / 43. somaku jara : ye bhI kharataragaccha ke muni the / 1440 I0 meM jaisalamera meM inhoMne "saMbhava jinAlaya prazasti" nibaddha kI / 4 44. jina harSagaNI : ye tapAgaccha se sambandhita the / inhoMne 15vIM zatAbdI meM cittaur3a meM "ratnazekhara kathA" kI racanA kI / " 45. jinahaMsa sUri ( 1467 I0 - 1525 I0 ) :- ye kharataragacchIya jinasamudrasUri ke ziSya the| inakI pramukha racanA 1515 I0 meM bIkAnera meM racita " AcArAMga - sUtra dIpikA " hai / 46. yugapradhAna jinacandra sUri :-ye kharataragacchIya jinamANikya sUri ke ziSya the / ye baDalo nivAsI va rohaDa gotra ke the / inheM akabara dvArA yugapradhAna kI upAdhi - dI gaI thii| inakI mukhya kRti 1560 I0 meM racita "pauSadha vidhi prakaraNa TIkA" hai / 7 47. mahopAdhyAya puNyasAgara :- ye kharataragacchIya jinahaMsa sUri ke ziSya aura 16vIM zatAbdI ke pratiSThita vidvAn the / inakI pramukha racanAe~ haiM--- jaisalamera meM 1588 I0 meM racita "jambUdvIpa prajJapti sUtraTIkA", aura 1583 I0 meM bIkAnera meM racita "praznottarakaSaSTizata kAvya TIkA" / 48. dayAratna : ye AdyapakSIya zAkhA se sambandhita muni the / inhoMne 1569 I0 meM "nyAya ratnAvalI" racI / " 1. rAjaisA, pR0 74-82 / 2. nAjailesa, kra0 2112, 2154 / 3. rAjaisA, pR0 72-82 / 4. vahI / 5. vahI / 6. vahI, pR0 67 / 7. vahI / 8. jaisalamera bhaNDAra kI grantha sUcI, pR0 46 / 9. rAjaisA, pR0 73 /

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 365 49. bhaTTAraka zubhacandra : ye bhaTTAraka vijayakIrti ke ziSya the / ye 1516 I0 meM bhaTTAraka hue / inakA sambandha balAtkAra gaNa kI IDara zAkhA se thA / inakA kAryakSetra rAjasthAna, paMjAba, gujarAta va uttarapradeza rahA / ve apane samaya ke prasiddha bhaTTAraka, sAhityakAra, dharmapracAraka evaM vidvAn the / ye " SaDbhASAkavi cakravartI'" kahalAte the tathA mahAgranthoM ke pAragAmI vidvAn the / 1559 I0 meM inhoMne " pAMDava purANa" kI racanA kI / isa samaya taka inhoMne "caMdraprabha caritra", "zreNika caritra", "jIvaMdhara caritra" 2, "caMdanA kathA", "aSTAhnikA kathA", "sadvRttizAlinI", "tIna caubIsI pUjA", " siddhacakra pUjA", "sarasvatI pUjA", "ciMtAmaNi pUjA", "karmadahana pUjA", "pArzvanAtha kAvyapaMjikA", "palyavratodyApana", " caritra zuddhi vidhAna", "saMzayavadana vidAraNa", 'apazabda khaNDana", "tattva nirNaya", "svarUpa sambodhana vRtti", " AdhyAtma taraMgiNI ", " cintAmaNi prAkRta vyAkaraNa", "aMgaprazasti", Adi kI racanA kara lI thI / isake pazcAt inhoMne aura bhI kRtiyA~ racIM / ukta sabhI racanAe~ "pAMDavapurANa" meM ullikhita haiM | rAjasthAna ke grantha bhaNDAroM meM inakI aba taka upalabdha kRtiyA~ nimna prakAra haiM- "RSimaMDala pUjA", "anantavrata pUjA", " ambikA kalpa", " aSTAhnikA vrata kathA ", " aSTAhnikA pUjA", "aDhAI dvIpa pUjA", "karakaMDu caritra", "karmadahana pUjA", "kArtikeyAnuprekSATIkA", "gaNadhara - valaya pUjA", "garAvalI pUjA", "caturviMzati pUjA", "caMdanA caritra", "caMdanaSaSTI vrata pUjA", " caMdraprabha caritra", "caritra zuddhi vidhAna", "citAmaNi pArzvanAtha pUjA", "jIvaMghara pUjA", "teraha dvIpa pUjA", "tIna caubIsI pUjA", "tIsa caubIsa pUjA", "triloka pUjA", " trapana kriyAgati", "naMdIzvara paMkti pUjA", "paMcakalyANaka pUjA", "paMcagaNamAla pUjA", " paMcaparameSThi pUjA", "patyavratodyApana", "pAMDavapurANa", " pArzvanAtha kAvya paMjikA", " prAkRta lakSaNa TIkA", "puSpAMjali vrata pUjA", "pradyumna caritra", " bAraha sau cauMtIsa vrata pUjA", "laghu siddhacakra pUjA", "vRhadasiddha pUjA", " zreNike caritra', ' 'samayasAra TIkA", "sahastraguNIta pUjA", "subhASitArNava" Adi / 50. paM0 khetA - ye vaidya vidyA meM pAraMgata rAjasthAnI vidvAn the / " samyaktva kaumudI" inakI prasiddha racanA hai | rAjasthAna ke zAstra bhaNDAroM meM isakI aneka pratiyA~ 1. jaisAaui, pR0 383 / 2. vahI, pR0 533 | 3. rAjezAgrasU, 48 evaM 247 // 4. jaigraprasa, kra0 62 / "" 5. jaisAaui, pR0 533 // 6. kAsalIvAla, prazasti saMgraha, pR0 7 / 7. kAsalIvAla rAjaisA, pR0 112 /

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366 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma haiM / eka pAMDulipi 1523 I0 meM pratilipi karavAkara brahma bUcarAja ko pradAna kI gaI thii| ye zerazAha dvArA sammAnita kiye gaye the| 51.50 jinadAsa-ye paM0 khetA ke putra aura raNathaMbhaura durga ke nikaTa navalakSapura ke rahane vAle the / ye bhI Ayurveda vizArada the| inhoMne 1551 I0 meM "holoreNukA caritra"2 kI racanA pUrNa kI / inhoMne "kathAkoSa" kI bhI racanA kI / 52. paM0 rAjamalla-ye jayapura ke nikaTa bairATha ke rahane vAle the tathA vyAkaraNa, siddhAnta, chanda zAstra aura syAdvAda vidyA meM pAraMgata the evaM saMskRta ke bhI prakAMDa vidvAna the| inhoMne 1575 I0 meM "jambUsvAmI caritra"4 kI racanA saMpanna kI / isake ati'rikta inakI "AdhyAtmakamalamArtaDa", "lATI saMhitA", "chandovidyA" evaM "paMcAdhyAyI" bhI mahattvapUrNa racanAeM haiN|" 53. vizAla sundara-ye tapAgacchIya AcArya the| inhoMne 1598 I0 meM nAgaura meM "tandala vaiyAliya payannA" avacari kI racanA kii| 54. sAdhuraMga-ye kharataragaccha ke AcArya the| inhoMne 1542 I0 meM "sUtrakRtAMga" va "sUtradIpikA" kI racanA kii| 55. rAjakuzala-ye tapAgacchIya muni the| inhoMne 1593 I0 meM jAlaura meM "sUkti dvAtriMzikA vivaraNa" kI racanA saMskRta bhASA meM kii|' 56. nayaraMga-ye bhI kharataragacchIya the / inhoMne 1568 I0 meM bIramapura meM "vidhi kaMdalI svopajJa TIkA saha" kI racanA kii| 1567 I0 meM "bAlapatAkApurI paramahaMsa sambodha caritra" kI racanA kii| 57. zrI ballabhopAdhyAya-ye kharataragaccha ke the| inhoMne 1598 I0 meM bIkAnera meM "upakeza zabda vyutpatti" kI racanA kii| 1. kAsalIvAla, rAjaisA, pR0 113 / 2. jaigraprasa, kra0 45 / 3. vahI, bhuumikaa| 4. ane0, 4, kra0 2 / 5. arAvalI, 1, kra. 12 / 6. rAjaisA, pR0 74-82 / 7. vhii| 8. jaisAsai, pR0 589 / 9. rAbhA, 3, kra0 2 / 10. rAjasA, pR0 74-82 /

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sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 367 58. hemaratna - inhoMne 1581 I0 meM bIkAnera meM "bhAvapradIpa" kI racanA nibaddha kI / " 59. kanakasoma -- inhoMne 1575 I0 meM jaisalamera meM "kAlikAcArya kathA" saMskRta meM likhI / 2 60. dayAsAgara -- ye kharataragacchIya muni the / inhoMne 1563 I0 meM jAlaura meM " madana narida caritra" kI racanA likhI / 3 61. devavijayagaNo ye tapAgaccha se sambandhita the / inhoMne 1595 I0 meM zrImAlapura meM 'rAmacarita" ko racanA kI / 62. AjJAsundara ye kharataragacchIya sAdhu the / inhoMne 1505 I0 meM kADIupura meM " zIlavatI kathA" kI racanA kI / " 63. merusundaropAdhyAya - ye bho kharataragacchIya the / inhoMne 16vIM zatAbdI meM jaisalamera meM " jaisalamera pAzvaM jina stotra" kI racanA kI / 64. jJAnavimalopAdhyAya - kharataragaccha se sambandhita ina AcArya ne 1597 I0 meM bIkAnera meM " zabda prabandha TokA" kI racanA kI thI / 65. bhakti lAbhopAdhyAya - ye kharataragaccha se sambandhita the / inhoMne 1519 I0 meM bIkAnera meM "laghujAtaka TIkA" kI racanA kI / " 66. jinarAja sariye kharataragacchIya jinasiMha sUri ke ziSya the va mUla rUpa se bohitharA gotra ke the / ye navya nyAya aura sAhitya zAstra ke prakAMDa paMDita the / inako pramukha racanAe~ - " naiSadhIya mahAkAvya jaina rAjI TIkA" aura "bhagavatI sUtra TIkA haiM / " 67. mahopAdhyAya samayasundara ( 1553 I0 - 1646 I0 ) - ye kharataragacchIya sakalacandragaNo ke ziSya the / ye sAMcaura nivAsI va prAgvATa jAtIya the| inakA kAryakSetra 1. rAjaisA, pR0 74-82 / 2. vahI / 3. vahI / 4. vahI / 5. vahI / 6. vahI / 7. vahI / 8. rAbhA, 3, kra0 2 9. rAjaisA, pR0 68 /

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368 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma rAjasthAna, gujarAta, uttarapradeza, sindha va paMjAba thaa| ye apane samaya ke sarvatomukhI va zreSTha vidvAna the| 1592 I0 meM kazmIra vijaya ke samaya samrATa akabara ke sammukha inhoMne "rAjAno dadate saukhyama" caraNa ke pratyeka akSara ke eka-eka lAkha artha arthAt 8 akSaroM ke 8 lAkha artha karake "aSTalakSI" grantha racA / inhoMne lagabhaga 500 choTIbar3I racanAe~ kI haiN| inakI pramukha kRtiyA~ nimna haiM-vyAkaraNa granthoM meM "sArasvata vRtti", "sArasvata rahasya", "liMgAnuzAsana avaNi", "aniTakArikA", "sArasvatIya zabda rUpAvalI" Adi; anekArthI sAhitya meM-"aSTalakSI", "meghadUta prathama padyastha trayo arthAH"; kAvya grantha evaM TIkAoM meM- "jinasiMha sUri padotsava kAvya", "raghuvaMza TIkA", "kumArasambhava TIkA", "meghadUta TIkA", "zizupAla vadha tRtIya sarga TIkA", "rUpaka mAlA avacUri", "RSabha bhaktAmara'' Adi; chanda evaM nyAya ke granthoM meM"bhAvazataka", "vAgbhaTAlaMkAra TIkA", "vRttaratnAkara TIkA", "maMgala pAda" Adi; Agamika evaM stotra sAhitya meM "kalpasUtra TIkA", "dazavakAlika sUtra TIkA", "navatatva prakaraNa TIkA", "samAcArI zataka", "vizeSa saMgraha', "gAthAsahastrI', "saptasmaraNa TIkA" Adi / 68. mahopAdhyAya guNavinaya ( 1558 I0-1618 I0 ):-ye kharataragacchIya kSemakIti zAkhA meM jayasomopAdhyAya ke ziSya the| inakA kAryakSetra adhikAMzataH rAjasthAna rahA / inhoMne samrATa jahA~gIra se "kavirAja" kI upAdhi prApta kI thii| inakI pramukha saMskRta racanAe~-"khaMDaprazasti TIkA" 1591 I02, "nemidUta TokA" 1587 I0, "damayantI kathA campU TIkA" 1589 I0, "raghuvaMzaTIkA" 1589 I0, "vairAgya zataka TIkA" 1590 I0, "sambodha saptati TIkA" 1594 I0, "karmacandra prabandha TIkA" 1599 I0, 'laghuzAMtistava TIkA" 1602 I0, "zIlopadezamAlA laghavatti" Adi TIkA grantha tathA anekArthI granthoM meM--"savvatthazabdArtha samuccaya", saMgraha grantha meM-"huNDikA" 1600 I0 Adi hai| 69. ballabhopAdhyAya ( 1563 I0-1630 I0)-ye kharataragacchIya jJAnavimalopAdhyAya ke ziSya the| inakA kAryakSetra jodhapura, nAgaura, bIkAnera va gujarAta rahA / ye mahAkavi, bahazrutajJa, vyAkaraNa koza ke mUrdhanya vidvAn aura saphala TIkAkAra the| inakI 8 maulika kRtiyA~ nimna haiM-"vijayadeva mahAtmya kAvya", "sahastra dalakamala 1. rAjaisA, pR0 68-69 / 2. vinaya sAgara dvArA sampAdita evaM rAja0 prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna jodhapura se prakAzita / 3. vinaya sAgara dvArA sampAdita, sumati sadana koTA se prakAzita / 4. rAjaisA, pR0 68-69 /

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 369 garbhita arAjina stava svopajJa TIkA saha", "vidvatprabodha kAvya", "saMghapati rUpajI vaMzaprazasti", "mAtRkAzlokamAlA", "caturdaza svarasthApana vAda sthala" Adi / TIkA granthoM meM "hamanAmamAlA zeSa saMgraha TIkA", "hemanAmamAlA ziloMcha TIkA", "hamaliMgAnuzAsana durgaprada prabodha TIkA", "haimanighaMTu zeSa TIkA", "abhidhAna ciMtAmaNi nAmamAlA TIkA", "siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana TIkA", "vidagdha mukha maMDana TIkA" Adi / inhoMne "abhidhAna nAmamAlA" para "sAroddhAra vRtti" kI bhI racanA kii| 70. devavijaya-inhoMne 1595 I0 meM zrImAla meM "devarAmAyaNa" kI racanA kii| 71. jayakIti--sambhavataH ye cittaur3a se sambandhita the| inhoMne "chandonuzAsana" kI racanA saMskRta meM kii|4 72. brahma jinavAsa-ye saMskRta evaM rAjasthAnI ke vidvAn the| ye bhaTTAraka sakalakIti ke bhAI aura ziSya the / inhoMne saMskRta meM purANa evaM caritra grantha likhe / inakI pramukha saMskRta racanAe~ nimna haiM--"pAMDavapurANa", "harivaMzapurANa", "padmapurANa', "jambUsvAmI caritra", "vratakathAkoSa", "AdinAtha purANa", "zreNika caritra", "yazodhara caritra"", "jambUdvIpapaTa", "jambUdvIpa akRtrima caityAlaya pUjA"", "dazalakSaNa vrata pUjA", "dazalakSaNa vratodyApana", "devapUjA"10, "pUjApATha saMgraha"11, "pUjApATha vidhAna", "hanumaccaritra'12, "bAraha sau caubIsI vratodyApana",13 "rohiNI vrata pUjA"14 Adi / 1. rAbhA, 3, kra0 2 / 2. jaigragra, pR0 50 / 3. rAbhA, 3, kra0 2 / 4. jaigranasa, kra0 60 / 5. rojaizAgrasU, 5, pR0 1250 / 6. vahI, pR0 233 / 7. vahI, pR0 1231 / 8. vhii| 9. vahI, pR0 1237 / 10. vahI, pR0 1239 / 11. vahI, pR0 1252 / 12. vahI, pR0 1296 / 13. vahI, pR0 1259 / 14. vahI, pR0 1272 /

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37 . : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma saMskRta abhilekha : ___ isa kAla meM saMskRta bhASA meM jainAcAryoM dvArA kaI utkRSTa abhilekha likhe gaye / raNakapura kA 1439 I0 kA lekha, AbU ke 1230 I0, 1293 I0 aura 1321 I0 ke lekha, jaisalamera ke 1416 I0 aura 1437 I0 ke abhilekha tathA kekinda kA 1609 I0 kA lekha acchI saMskRta meM nibaddha abhilekhoM ke sundara udAharaNa haiM / (4) rAjasthAnI bhASA, sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra: 13vIM zatAbdI taka rAjasthAnI bhASA vikAsa ke kaI sopAna taya kara cukI thii| ataH 16vIM zatAbdI taka isa bhASA meM vipula sAhitya sRjita huA / (ka) padya sAhitya : 1. kavi asagu-- inhoMne 1200 I0 meM sahajigapura ke pArzvanAtha jinAlaya meM "jIva dayArAsa" nibaddha kiyA / ' ye jAlaura nivAsI the| jaisalamera ke vRhada jJAna bhaNDAra meM saMgrahIta "candanabAlArAsa" bhI inake dvArA 1200 I0 ke AsapAsa hI racI gaI / 2 2. dharma-inakI saMvatollekha vAlI "jambUsvAmIrAsa' nAmaka racanA 1209 I0 meM likhI gii| ye mahendra sUri ke ziSya the / inakI dUsarI kRti "subhadrAsatI catupadikA hai| 3. abhayatilakagaNI-inhoMne 1250 I0 meM bhImapallI ke mahAvIra jinAlaya kI pratiSThA ke samaya 21 padyoM kA "mahAvIra rAsa' nibaddha kiyA / 4. lakSmI tilaka upAdhyAya--inhoMne "zAMtinAtha devarAsa" nAmaka kAvya likhA, jo eka aitihAsika rAsa hai| isameM 1256 I0 meM jAlaura meM udaya siMha ke zAsana meM jinezvara sUri dvArA zAMti jinAlaya kI pratiSThA kA ullekha hai / " 5. jinaprabodha sUri--1275 I0 meM inhoMne "zAlibhadra rAsa' nAmaka 35 padyoM kI eka sundara racanA kii| 6. vinayacandra sUri---inhoMne 1281 I0 meM "bArahavatarAsa" likhaa| 1. bhAratI vidyA, 3, pR0 201 / 2. rAjaisA, pR0 168 / 3. vhii| 4. vhii| 5. vhii| 6. vahI, 7. vahI, pR0 169 /

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 371 7. hemabhUSaNa gaNI-inhoMne 1284 I0 meM 'yugapradhAna zrI jinacandra sUri carcarI" nAmaka 25 padyoM kI racanA likhii|' 8. sumatigaNI-ye jinapati sUri ke ziSya the| inhoMne 1238 I0 meM "gaNadhara sArdha zataka vRtti" kI racanA kii| "neminAtha rAsa" inakI prArambhika racanA hai| 9. delhar3a-ye eka zvetAmbara zrAvaka the| inakI racanA "gaya sukumAla rAsa" prAcInatA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai / isakI racanA inhoMne jagatacandra ke ziSya devendra sUri kI preraNA se kI thii| jagatacandra kA samaya 1243 I0 ke AsapAsa thA, ataH yaha racanA 13vIM zatAbdI kI hai| 10. kavi vastiga-inhoMne 1311 I0 meM 'bIsavirahamAna rAsa" kI racanA kii| 11. guNAkara sUri-inhoMne 1314 I0 meM "zrAvaka vidhi rAsa" rAjasthAnI bhASA meM nibaddha kiyaa| 12. aMbadeva sUri-inhoMne 1314 I0 meM "samarA rAsa" ko racanA rAjasthAnI meM kii|6 13. muni dharmakalaza-inhoMne 1320 I0 meM "jinakuzala sUri paTTAbhiSeka rAsa" kI racanA kii| 14. jinaprabhu sUri-inhoMne 1329 I0 meM "padmAvatI caupAI" kI racanA kii| 15. jina padma sUri-inhoMne 1333 I0 meM "sthUlibhadra rAsa" rcaa| 16. pauma kavi-inhoMne 14vIM zatAbdI meM "zAlibhadra phAga" tathA "neminAtha phAga" kI racanA kii| 17. rAjazekhara sUri-inhoMne 1348 I0 meM "prabandha koSa" kI racanA kI aura "neminAtha phAgu" nAmaka kRti ko chandobaddha kiyaa|" 1. rAjasA, pR0 168 / 2. vhiiN| 3. vhii| 4. jaiguka, bhAga 2 / 5. AtmAnanda zatAbdI smAraka grantha / 6. prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha meM prakAzita / 7. rAlasA, pR0 169 / 8. bhairava padmAvatI kAvya, pariziSTa 10 / 9. rAjasA, pR0 169 / 10. vhii| 11. vhii|

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372 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 18. zAlibhadra sUri dvitIya-1353 I0 meM pUrNimA gaccha ke ina AcArya ne nAdaudrI meM devacandra ke anurodha para "pA~capA~DavarAsa" kI racanA kii| 19. vinayaprabha-1355 I0 meM inhoMne "gautama svAmI rAsa" ko chaMdobaddha kiyaa| rAjasthAna ke vibhinna zAstra bhaNDAroM meM isakI kaI pratilipiyA~ haiM / 20. zrAvaka viddhaNu-ye jinodaya sUri ke ziSya the| inhoMne 1366 I0 meM "jJAnapaMcamI caupAI" nAmaka racanA 548 padyoM meM rcii| 21. merunandana gaNI-1375 I0 meM inhoMne "jinodaya sUri gacchanAyaka vivAhalaU' kI racanA kii| 22. sASu haMsa-1398 I0 meM inhoMne 222 padyoM meM "zAlibhadrarAsa" kA nirmANa kiyA / " 23. jayazekhara sUri-14 zatAbdI meM hI inhoMne "tribhuvana dIpaka prabandha" nAmaka rUpaka kAvya likhaa| 24. muni jJAna kalaza-inhoMne 1358 I0 meM "jinodaya sUri paTTAbhiSeka rAsa" kI racanA kii| 25. halarAja kavi-inhoMne 1352 I0 meM "sthUlibhadra phAga" kI racanA AghATa nagara meM kii| 26. cApa kavi-inhoMne 1338 I0 meM "bhaTTAraka devasundara sUri rAsa" kI 55 padyoM kI racanA likhii| 27. kavi sAdhArU-inhoMne 1354 I0 meM "pradyumna caritra" likhA / 10 28. hIrAnanda sUri-inhoMne 1427 I0 meM "vastupAla tejapAla rAsa", 1428 I0 meM "vidyA vilAsa pavAr3A" tathA 1438 I0 meM "kalikAla rAsa" kI racanA kii| 1. yatIndra sUri abhi0 graM., pR0 121-127 / 2. nAhaTA, rAjaisA, pR0 169 / 3. vhii| 4. vhii| 5. vhii| 6. vahI / 7. vhii| 8. vhii| 9. vhii| 10. muhasmRga, pR0 789 / 11. nAhaTA, rAjaisA, pR0 169 /

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra: 373 29. vastokavi-inhoMne 15vIM zatAbdI meM "cihu~gati caupAI kI racanA kI / " 30. mANDana seTha - inhoMne 1441 I0 meM "siddhacakra zrIpAla rAsa" nibaddha kiyA / 2 31. megha kavi -- 1442 I0 meM inhoMne " rANakapura stavana" tathA "tIrthamAlA stavana" kI racanA kI / 3 32. guNaratna sUri - 15vIM zatAbdI meM inhoMne " RSabharAsa" evaM " bharata bAhubali pavAr3A " nibaddha kiyA / 4 33. somasundara gaNI -- inhoMne 1424 I0 meM "neminAtha navarasa phAga" tathA " sthUlibhadra kavitta " kI racanA kI / " 34. jayasAgara - ye darar3A gotrIya kharataragacchIya mahopAdhyAya the / inakA racanA - kAla 15vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha thA / " vijJapti triveNI" inakI mahattvapUrNa racanA hai / isake atirikta "jinakuzala sUri saptatikA", "caubIsa jina stavana", "bearasvAmI rAsa", " aSTApada tIrthaM bAvanI", "gautama svAmI catuSpAdikA", "neminAtha vivAhalo", " ajitanAtha vinatI", "neminAtha bhAva pUjA stotra", "vIraprabhu vinatI", " zrImaMdhara svAmI vinatI", "zAntinAtha mandira kI prazasti" Adi inakI choTI-bar3I racanAe~ haiM / 35. saMgha vimala yA zubha zIla - 1444 I0 kI "sudarzana zreSThi rAsa" nAmaka eka racanA upalabdha huI hai / isake racayitA ke sambandha meM pAThabheda pAyA jAtA hai / mohanalAla desAI ne isakA racanAkAra tapAgacchIya muni sundarasUri ke ziSya saMgha vimala yA zubhazIla ko mAnA hai / kintu bIkAnera ke vRhada jJAna bhaNDAra meM jo prati upalabdha huI hai, usameM "tapAgacchI guru gautama sabhAyeM mA~ zrI muni para "candragacchI gautama sabhAyeM mA~ zrI candraprabha sUri" pATha milatA hai / sundara sUri pU0" ke sthAna 36. kavi vara depAla - inakA racanAkAla 1444 I0 se 1477 I0 rahA / inakI racanAoM meM tatkAlIna aneka racanA prakAroM kA upayoga huA hai / rAsa, cUDa, 1. nAhaTA, rAjaisA, pR0 169 / 2 . vahI / 3. vahI / 4. vahI / 5. vahI / 6. jaisarA, pR0 239 / 7. vahI /

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374 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma caupaI, dhavala, vivAhalA, mArU, gIta, kar3AvA, evaM pUjA saMjJaka racanAe~ milatI haiM, jinakI saMkhyA 18 hai / kucha racanAe~ isa prakAra haiM- "jAvaDa bhAvaDa rAsa", "candana bAlA caritra caupaI", "jambU svAmI paMcabhava varNana caupaI" " sthUlabhadra phAga", "pArzvanAtha jIrAulA rAsa", "thAvaccA kumAra bhAsa", "zreNika rAjA rAsa", "navakAra prabandha", "puNya pApaphala caupaI" Adi / " - 37. saMgha kalaza --- inhoMne mAravAr3a ke tAlavAr3A grAma meM 1448 I0 meM " samyaktva - rAsa" kI racanA kI / isakI 1489 I0 meM likhI pratilipi pATaNa ke bhaNDAra meM haiN| 38. RSivardhana sUri - racanAsthAna ke ullekha vAlI kRtiyoM meM aMcalagacchIya jayakIrti sUri ke ziSya RSivardhana kA " naladamayantIrAsa" ullekhanIya hai / yaha racanA 1455 I0 meM cittaur3a meM likhI gaI / isake alAvA inhoMne "jinendrAtizaya paMcAzikA" bhI rcii| 39. matizekhara - ye upakezagacchIya, zIlasundara ke ziSya tathA vAcaka pada se vibhUSita kavi the / upakeza gaccha kA utpatti sthAna osiyA, rAjasthAna meM hone ke kAraNa inakA racanAsthala rAjasthAna hI rahA hogA / inakI pramukha racanAe~ " ghannArAsa" 1457 I0, "mayaNarehA rAsa" 1480 I0, "bAvanI", "neminAtha basanta phulaDA phAga", "kuragaDU maharSi rAsa" 1497 I0, "ilAputra caritra", "nemigIta" Adi haiN| 40. AjJA sundara - 1459 I0 meM jinavarddhana sUri ke ziSya AjJA sundara racita " tridyA vilAsa caritra caupAI" prApta hai / 5 41. kalyANa candra - AcArya kIrti ratna sUri kI jIvanI ke sambandha meM inhoMne 54 padyoM kI "zrI kIrti ratna sUri vivAhalau" kI racanA kI / 42. padma mandira gaNI - inhoMne kIrti ratna sUri ke ziSya guNaratna sUri ke sambandha meM eka "vivAhalau" racA / 1. jaisarA, pR0 239 / 2. rAjaisA, pR0 171 / 3. vahI / 4. vahI / 5. vahI, pR0 172 / 6. vahI / 7. vahI /

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 375 43. padnAbha - inakA cittaur3a se sambandha rahA / saMghapati DUMgara ke anurodha para inhoMne 1486 I0 meM DUMgara bAvanI" kI racanA kI / 44. vinaya cUlA - ye AgamagacchIya hemaratna sUri kI ziSyA thIM / inhoMne 1456 I0 meM " zrI hemaratna sUri guru phAgu' kI racanA kI / 2 45. bhaTTAraka sakala kIrti ( 1386 I0-1442 I0 ) - ye rAjasthAnI bhASA ke bhI udbhaTa vidvAn the / inakI 7 mukhya racanAe~ isa prakAra haiM- " ArAdhanA pratibodha sAra", "solahakAraNa rAma ", " nemIzvara gIta", "muktAvali gIta", " NamokAraphala gIta ", " sArasIkhA maNi rAsa", "zAMtinAtha phAgu " 13 46. brahmajinadAsa - ye bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ke yogyatama ziSya aura bhAI the / inhoMne sarvAdhika rAsa saMjJaka kAvya likhe / " rAmarAsa" 1451 I0 meM tathA "harivaMza purANa" 1463 I0 meM nibaddha kiyA / zeSa racanAoM meM samayollekha nahIM milatA / inakA sAhitya sRjana isa prakAra rahA (ka) purANa sAhitya - " AdinAtha purANa", "harivaMza purANa" (kha) rAsaka sAhitya -- " rAmasItA rAsa", "nAgakumAra rAsa", "holI rAsa", "zreNika rAsa", "ambikA rAsa", "jambU svAmI rAsa", "sukozala svAmI rAsa", " dasalakSaNa rAsa", "dhanyakumAra rAsa", " dhanapAla rAsa", "nemIzvara rAsa", "aThAvIsa mUla guNa rAsa", " yazodhara rAsa", "paramahaMsa rAsa", "dharma parIkSA rAsa", " samyak mithyAtva rAsa", " nAgazrI rAsa", "bhadrabAhu rAsa", "rohiNI rAsa", "anantavrata rAsa", " cArudatta prabaMdha rAsa", "bhaviSya datta rAsa", "karakaNDu rAsa ", " hanumata rAsa", " ajitanAtha rAsa", "jyeSTha jinavara rAsa", "sudarzana rAsa", "zrIpAla rAsa", "karma vipAka rAsa", "solaha kAraNa rAsa", "baMkacUla rAsa", "puSpAMjali rAsa", " jIvaMbara rAsa", "subhIma cakravartI rAsa" / "AlocanA jayamAla " (ga) gIta evaM stavana - "mithyA dukar3a vinatI", " jiNaMdagIta ", "AdinAtha stavana", "jIvaDA gItA'", "bArahavrata gIta ", " sphuTa vinatI" gIta Adi / (gha) kathA sAhitya- -" ravivrata", "caurAsI jAti jayamAla", "aSTAMga samyaktva", " vratakathA koSa", "bhaTTAraka vidyAdhara kathA", "paMcaparameSThi guNavarNana" / 1. rAjaisA, pR0 172 / 2. jaisarA, pR0 247 // 3. vahI, pR0 203 / 4. rAjezAgrasU, pu0 404 /

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376 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharmaM (Ga) pUjA sAhitya - "guru jayamAla", "jambUdvIpa pUjA", "guru pUjA", "sarasvatI pUjA", zAstra pUjA", "nirdoSa saptamI vrata pUjA" / 47. AcArya somakIrti - ye kASThAsaMgha ke nandItaTa zAkhA ke santa va apratima vidvAn the / rAjasthAnI meM inakI aba taka 6 racanAe~ upalabdha haiM- "gurvAvalI " 1469 I0, mallinAtha gIta", "yazodhara rAsa" 1479 I0, "AdinAtha vinatI", 'RSabhanAtha stuti", " trepana kriyAgIta " Adi / " 48. bhaTTAraka jJAna bhUSaNa - ye bhuvanakIrti ke ziSya the / abhI taka inakI rAjasthAnI bhASA kI 5 racanAe~ prApta huI haiM- " AdIzvara phAga ", " SaTkarmarAsa", "jalagAlaNa rAsa", "nAgadrA rAsa", " posaha rAsa" / 3 49. brahma bUcarAja ( 1473 I0-1543 I0 ) - rUpaka kAvyoM kI racanA kI dRSTi se inakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / "mayaNajujjha" inakI sarvAdhika lokapriya racanA thI, jisakI zAstra bhaNDAroM meM aneka pratiyA~ upalabdha hotI haiM / inakI anya mukhya racanAe~ -- " santoSatilaka jayamAla", "cetana pudgala ghamAla", " nemIzvara kA bAraha mAsA", "neminAtha vasantu ", " TaMDANA gIta", "vijayakIti gIta" va pada / 50. brahma yazodhara ( 1463 I0 - 1533 I0 ) :- ye kASThA saMgha ke vijayasena ke ziSya the / inakI nimna racanAe~ prApta haiM- "neminAthagIta" 1524 I0, "balibhadra copAI", mallinAtha gIta" Adi / 5 51 bhaTTAraka zubhacandra - ye 1516 I0 meM bhaTTAraka huye aura apanI vidvattA ke kAraNa " SaTbhASA cakravartI" kahalAte the / inake dvArA racita 7 rAjasthAnI racanAe~ isa prakAra haiM-- " mahAvIra chanda", "neminAtha chaMda", "vijayakIrti chanda", "dAna chanda", "guru chanda", "tatvasAra dUhA ", gIta Adi / 52. brahma jayasAgara ( 1523 I0-1608 I0 ) -- ye bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti ke ziSya the| inakI nimna racanAe~ mahattvapUrNa haiM- "neminAthagIta ", " cunaDI gIta", " kSetrapAla gIta ", " jasodhara gIta", "saMghapati mallidAsa jI gIta", "zItala nAtha nI bInatI ", " paMcakalyANaka gIta" / 7 1. jaisarA, pR0 204 / 2. kAsalIvAla, rAjaisA, pR0 206 / 3. vahI / 4. vahI / 5. vahI, pR0 207 / 6. vahI / 7. vahI, pR0 208 |

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 377 53. AcArya caMdrakIti -- ye ratnakIrti ke ziSya the / kAMkarolI, DUMgarapura, sAgavAr3A Adi inake sAhitya sRjana kendra the / inakI mukhya racanAe~ - "solahakAraNa rAsa ", " jayakumArAkhyAna" 1598 I0, " caritra cUnaDI", "caurAsI lAkha jIva yoni bInatI ", "siddha stavana", "siddha jayamAlA ", " sArasvata vyAkaraNa" para "subodhikA dIpikA " tathA pUjAe~ Adi haiM / " 54. muni mahanandI - ye bhaTTAraka vIracanda ke ziSya the / inakI ekamAtra kRti "bArakkharI dohA" jise "dohA pAhuDa" bhI kahate haiM, upalabdha hai / 55. brahma rAyamalla - ye muni anantakIrti ke ziSya the / sAMgAnera, raNathambhaura, sAMbhara, ToDArAyasiMha, harasaura inake mukhya kAryasthala rahe / inakI racanAe~ nimna haiM 1 "nemIzvara rAsa" 1558 I0, " hanumaMta rAsa" I0, "sudarzana rAsa" 1572 I0, "zrIpAla rAsa" 1576 I0, "AdityavAra kathA", "ciMtAmaNi " candragupta svapna caupAI", "jyeSTha jinavara kathA "3 56. chItara TholiyA - ye maujamAbAda nivAsI va khaMDelavAla jAtIya the / inakI ekamAtra racanA 1598 I0 kI "holI kI kathA" hai / " 57. ThAkura - ye nAgora ke bhaTTAraka vizAlakIrti ke ziSya the / inakI ekamAtra kRti 1598 I0 meM racita " zAntinAtha purANa" hai / inhoMne 1593 I0 meM " mahApurANa kAlikA" kI bhI racanA kI thI / " 58. saMtasumati koti- - aba taka inakI nimna parIkSA rAsa" 1568 I0, "jihAdanta vivAda", svAmI vinatI", " basanta vidyA vilAsa ", pada Adi / 1559 I0, " pradyumna rAsa" 1571 1573 I0, "bhaviSya dattarAsa" jayamAla", "chiyAlIsa DhANA", 1. kAsalIvAla, rAjaisA, pR0 208 / 2 . vahI / 3. kAsalIvAla, rAjaisA. pR0 209 / 4. kAsalIvAla - zAkaMbharI, pR0 47 / 59. rAjazola--ye kharataragacchIya sAdhu harSa ke ziSya the / inhoMne cittaur3a meM 1506 I0 meM " vikrama caritra caupAI' kI racanA kI / inakI anya racanAe~ 'amarasena vayarasena caupAI " 1537 I0, uttarAdhyayana chattIsa gota" Adi haiM / 5. rAjaisA, pR0 209 / 6. vahI, pR0, 211 / 7. vahI, pR0 173 // racanAe~ prApta huI haiM- "dharma " zItalanAtha gIta", "jinavara

Page #401
378 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 60. kavi puNya nandi-inhoMne 32 padyoM meM "rUpakamAlA" racI, jisa para saMskRta meM TIkAe~ likhA jAnA vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| 1525 I0 meM ratnaraMga upAdhyAya ne isa para bAlAvabodha TokA likhI aura 1608 I0 meM samaya sundara ne isa para saMskRta meM cUNi likhii|' 61. vAcaka dharma samudra-ye vAcaka vivekasiMha ke ziSya the| inhoMne 1510 I0 meM jAlaura meM 337 padyoM meM "sumitra kumAra rAsa' likhA / 1527 I0 meM "kuladhvaja kumAra rAsa" kI racanA ko| kavi ne mevAr3a meM 1516 I0 meM eka kalpita kathA "guNAkara caupAI" racI / isake atirikta inhoMne "zakuntalA rAsa", "sudarzana rAsa', "sukamAla sajjhAya' Adi racanAe~ bhI likhiiN| 62. sahaja sundara---ye upakeza gacchIya ratnasUri ke ziSya the / 1513 I0 se 1539 I0 taka kI inakI 10 racanAe~ prAptahaiM / inako mukhya racanAe~-"ilAtI putra sajjhAya", 'guNaratnAkAra chanda" 1515 I0, "RSidattArAsa", "AtmArAma rAsa", "paradezI rAjA rAsa", "ratnasAra kumAra caupAI", zukasahelI kathA rAsa", "jambu ataraMga rAsa", "yauvana jarAsaMvAda", "A~kha kAna saMvAda", "garabhaveli" Adi mukhya hai / 63. bhakti lAbha--ye kharataragaccha ke upAdhyAya jayasAgara ke praziSya the| inakI racanAe~-"sImandhara stavana", "varakANA stavana", "jIrAvalI stavana", "rohiNI stavana" Adi haiN| inakA racanAkAla 1514 I0 ke AsapAsa thaa| 64. cArucaMdra--ye bhaktilAbha ke ziSya the / 1515 I0 meM inake dvArA bIkAnera meM likhita "uttamakumAra caritra" kI svacarita pAMDulipi bIkAnera ke nAhaTA saMgrahAlaya meM hai|" 65. pArzvacaMdra sUri ( 1480 I0-1555 I0)--ye pAvacaMdragaccha ke saMsthApaka the / gadya va padya meM inakI zatAdhika racanAe~ milatI haiN| adhikAMza racanAeM saiddhAntika haiM / pramukha racanAe~-"sAdhuvaMdanA", "pAkSika chattIsI", "cAritra manoratha mAlA", "zrAvaka manoratha mAlA", "vastupAla tejapAla rAsa", "Atma zikSA", "Agama chattIsI", "guru chattIsI", "viveka zataka", "AdIzvara stavana", "kaMdhaka caritra sajjhArA", "vItarAga stavana" Adi haiM / 1. rAjaisA, pR0 173 / 2. vahI pR0 173 / / 3. vhii| 4. jaisarA, pR0 241 / 5. vhii| 6. rAjaisA, pR0 173 /

Page #402
jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 379 66. vijayadevasUri--jAlaura meM inhoMne "zIlarAsa" kAvya kI racanA kI, jisakI kaI hastalikhita pratiyA~ prApta haiN| isakI 1554 I0 kI eka prati se jJAta hotA hai ki inakA racanAkAla 16vIM zatAbdI thaa|' 67. vAcaka vinaya samudra-ye bIkAnera nivAsI va upakeza gacchIya vAcaka harSa samudra ke ziSya the| inakA racanAkAla 1526 I0 se 1557 I0 taka rhaa| bIkAnera meM racita inakI kaI kRtiyA~ prApta haiN| kucha racanAe~ jodhapura va tivarI meM bhI likhI gaI / inakI pramukha racanAeM-"vikramapaMca daMDa caupAI", "aMbaDa caupAI" 1542 I0, "mRgAvatI caupAI", "citrasena padmAvatI rAsa", "saMgrAma sUri caupAI", "caMdana bAlArAsa'', "nemirAjya zrI saMdhi", "ilAputra rAsa" Adi haiN| 68. kuzala lAbha--ye kharatara gacchIya abhaya dharma ke ziSya the| inakA racanAkAla 1559 I0 se 1567 I0 rahA / inakI mukhya racanAe~-"mAdhavAnala', 'kAmakaMdalA caupaI" 1559 I0, "DholAmAravaNI caupaI', 'tejasAra rAsa'' 1566 I0, "agar3adatta rAsa", "bhavAnI chaMda", "navakAra chanda", "jinapAlita jinarakSita saMdhi", "piMgala ziromaNI", durgAsAtvasi" Adi haiM / 69. mAladeva--ye hanumAnagar3ha nivAsI aura bar3agacchIya bhAvadeva ke ziSya the / inakA racanAkAla 1555 I0 se 1557 I. ke AsapAsa thaa| inakI mukhya racanAe~-'purandara caupaI", 'sarasundara caupaI', "bhojaprabandha", "vikramapaMca daNDa. caupaI", "aMjanA sundari caupaI", "padmAvatI padmazrI rAsa", "vIrAMgada caupaI", "zIla bAvanI", "sthUlibhadra dhamAli caupaI", "devadatta caupaI", "mahAvIra paMcakalyANaka stavana", "mRgAMka padmAvatI rAsa" Adi 20 se bhI adhika racanAe~ upalabdha haiN| 70. puNyasAgara-ye kharatara gacchAcArya jinahaMsa sari ke ziSya the| inhoMne 1547 I0 meM jaisalamera meM "subAha saMdhi" kI racanA kii| isake atirikta anya racanAe~ "sAghuvaMdanA", 'nemirAja zrIgIta", "munimAlikA", "praznottara kAvya vRtti" 1583 I0, "jaMbUdvIpa paNNati vRtti" 1588 I0, "mahAvIra stavana", "AdinAtha stavana", "ajitastavana", "jinacaMdra sUri aSTakAma" Adi haiN|" 1. rAjaisA, pR0 174 / 2. vahI / 3. vhii| 4. vhii| 5. vhii|

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380 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 71. padmarAja--puNya sAgara ke ziSya padmarAja ne 1593 I0 meM "abhayakumAra "caupaI", 1610 I0 meM "chullaka RSi prabandha" va 1612 I0 meM "sanata kumAra rAsa" kI racanA kii| 72. paramAnanda--puNya sAgara ke praziSya paramAnanda ne 1618 I0 meM "devarAja baccharAja caupaI' kI racanA kii| 73. kanaka soma--ye kharataragacchIya amaramANikya ke ziSya the| inakA racanAkAla 1568 I0 se 1598 I0 taka rahA / inakI pramukha racanAe~-"jayatapadaveli" 1568 I0, "jinapAlita jina rakSita rAsa" 1575 I0, "ASAr3ha bhUti dhamAla" 1581 I0, "harikezI saMdhi" 1583 I0, ''ArdrakumAra dhamAla" 1587 I0, "nemiphAga" "maMgala kalaza rAsa", "thAvaccA sukauzala caritra", "kAlikAcAra kathA", "jinacaMda sUri gIta" Adi haiM / 74. hora kalaza ( 1538 I0-1600 I0 )-bIkAnera va nAgaura pradeza meM 'vicaraNa karane vAle ina muni ne 'hIra kalaza joisa hIra" nAmaka mahattvapUrNa racanA 1600 I0 meM samApta kii| isake atirikta inakI anya racanAe~-'kumati vidhvaMsana" 1560 I0, "sAmAyika battIsa doSa pulaka" 1558 I0, "dinamAna pulaka", "jaMbU svAmI caritra" 1559 I0, "munipati caupAI", "sarvajina gaNadhara vinatI", "rAjasiMha ratnAvalI sandhi", "vRhada gurvAvalI" 1562 I0, "vIra paramparA nAmAvalI", "solaha svapna sajjhAya", "samakisa gIta", "saptavyasana gIta", "kharatara AcaraNa gIta", "ArAdhana caupAI", "motI kapAsiyA saMvAda", "ratnacUr3a caupaI", "aTThAraha nAtA' Adi / inakI lagabhaga 40 racanAe~ prApta haiN|4 / 75. hemaratna sUri ( 1559 I0-1616 I0)-ye pUrNimiyA gacchIya vAcaka padmarAja ke ziSya the / inakA racanAkAla 1546 I0 se 1588 I0 taka rhaa| inakI pramukha kRtiyoM meM se kucha isa prakAra haiM-"zIlavatorAsa", "mahIpAla caupaI", "amarakumAra caupaI", "gorAbAdala caupaI", "lIlAvatI rAsa", "jagadambA bAvanI" Adi / 5 76. padamazrI-inhoMne 1569 I0 meM "cArUdatta caritra" kI racanA kii| 1. jaisarA, pR0 242 / 2. vhii| 3. vhii| 4. rAjaisA, pR0 175 / 5. jaisarA, pR0 242 / 6. jaiguka, 3, khaNDa 1, pR0 535 /

Page #404
jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 381 77. hemazrI-ye bar3atapAgaccha ke nayasundara kI ziSyA thiiN| inhoMne 1587 I0 meM "kanakAvatI AkhyAna" kI racanA kii|' 78. hemasiddhi-inakA sambandha kharataragaccha se thaa| inhoMne "lAvaNya siddhi pahutaNo jItama" tathA "somasiddhi nirvANa gItama" kI racanA kii| __79. ThakkurasI--inakI likhI 5 racanAeM aba taka upalabdha huI haiM -"pArzvanAtha sattAvIsI" 1521 I0, "zIla battIsI' 1528 I0, "paMcendriya beli" 1528 I0, "kRpaNa caritra" evaM 'nemirAjamatI veli"| 80. chohala-abhI taka inakI 5 kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiM-"paMcasahelI gIta" 1518 I0, "udaragIta", "paMthIgIta", "beli", "bAvanI' 1527 I0, gIta Adi / (kha) gadya sAhitya : prArambhika rAjasthAnI meM gadya bahuta kama milatA hai| rAjasthAnI bhASA ke vikAsa kI kucha zatAbdiyoM taka kAvyoM kI paramparA adhika rhii| kucha gadya racanAe~ likhI avazya gaIM, kintu surakSita na raha skii| gadya kI upAdeyatA prAkRta, saMskRta Adi bhASA kI racanAoM ko janasAdhAraNa taka pahu~cAne ke liye TIkA, TabbA, bAlAvabodha, praznottara Adi ke rUpa meM vikasita huI / maulika racanAe~ bahuta kama likhI giiN| 14vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva bahuta kama gadya milatA hai| gadya kA kucha aMza zilAlekhoM Adi meM bhI milatA hai| padya meM layabaddhatA aura kAvya sauSThava hotA hai, jisase usako yAda rakhane meM adhika suvidhA hotI hai / gadya ko lambe samaya taka maukhika rUpa se yAda rakhanA sambhava nahIM hotaa| 13vIM zatAbdI- isa zatAbdI meM gadya kA kucha calana prArambha huA, jo granthoM ke artha ko janasAdhAraNa ke liye bodhagamya banAne, bhASA sIkhane kI sugamatA Adi kI dRSTi se racA gyaa| 1279 I0 meM 'bAlazikSA", 1273 I0 meM "prAcIna gurjara kAvyasaMgraha" meM likhI huI "ArAdhanA" meM aura "prAcIna gujarAtI padya sandarbha" Adi meM gadya kA svarUpa dekhane ko milatA hai| 14vIM zatAbdI-1301 I0 kA "navakAra vyAkhyAna", 1302 I0 kA "sarvatIrtha namaskAra stavana" aura 1312 I0 kA likhA huA "aticAra"-ye katipaya laghu gadya racanAe~ prakAzita huI haiN| inakA mahattva kevala gadya kI paramparA ko prakaTa karane ke liye hI hai| inameM sUtroM va gAthAoM kA rAjasthAnI gadya meM vivecana kiyA gayA / 1. jaiguka, 3 khaNDa 1, pR0 286 / 2. nAhaTA, aitihAsika kAvya saMgraha, pR0 210-211 / 3. rAjasA, pR0 205 / 4. vhii|

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382 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 1354 I0 meM taruNaprabha sUri ne "SaDAvazyaka vAlAvabodha" nAmaka pahalI racanA kI, 'jisase pravAhabaddha gadya kA svarUpa spaSTa hotA hai| isake pazcAt se hI bAlAvabodha zailI kA khUba vikAsa huaa| 15vIM zatAbdI-isa zatAbdI se gadya ke namUne pracuratA se upalabdha hote haiM / 1421 I0 meM mANikyacandrasUri ne "pRthvIcandra caritra" gadya meM rcaa| isaliye isa kRti kA nAma "vAgavilAsa" rakhA gyaa| isa zatAbdI ke pUrvAddha meM aisA varNanAtmaka aura tukAnta sAhityika gadya bahuta racA gayA / somasundara sUri ne "upadezamAlA" aura "yogazAstra" bAlAvabodha kI racanA kii| 1428 I0 meM "kAlikAcArya kathA" likhI gii| merutuGga sUri ne "vyAkaraNa catuSka bAlAvabodha", sAdhu ratnasUri ne "navatatva bAlAvabodha, dayAsiMha ne "saMgrahaNo" aura "kSetra samAsa bAlAvabodha" kI racanA kii| 1439 I0 meM somasundara sUri ne "SaSThI zataka bAlAvabodha" likhaa| isI prakAra 1440 I0 kI "tapAgaccha gurvAvalI" bhI upalabdha hai, jo isa zatAbdI ke aitihAsika gadya kA uttama udAharaNa hai / 1434 I0 meM jinasAgara sUri ne "SaSThIzataka bAlAvabodha' likhaa| 1444 I0 meM hemahaMsa gaNI kA 'SaDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha, 1444 I0 meM hI mANikya sundara gaNI kA "bhavabhAvanA bAlAvabodha", jinasUri racita "gautamapRcchA bAlAvabodha", 1456 I0 meM saMvegadeva gaNI dvArA "piMDavizuddhi bAlAvabodha", 1458 I0 meM dharmadeva gaNI dvArA "SaSThI zataka bAlAvabodha", 1460 I0 meM Asacandra dvArA "kalpasUtra bAlAvabodha", 1461 I0 meM jayacandra sUri dvArA "caU saraNa bAlAvabodha", udaya ballabha sUri dvArA "kSetra samAsa bAlAvabodha", kamala saMyama upAdhyAya dvArA "siddhAnta sAroddhAra" Adi race gaye / 1468 I0 meM nanna sUri dvArA "upadezamAlA bAlAvabodha" kI racanA kI gii| 1461 I0 se 1478 I0 ke madhya merusundara ne "zIlopadezamAlA", "puSpamAlA", "SaDAvazyaka", "SaSThIzataka", "kapUra prakara", "yogazAstra", "bhaktAmara" Adi 20 granthoM ke bAlAvabodha race / inhoMne kevala jaina Agama aura prakaraNoM kI hI nahIM, apitu saMskRta ke alaMkAra grantha "vidagdha mukha maMDana"" aura "vAgbhaTAlaMkAra"6 tathA chaMdagrantha "vrataratnAkara" kI bhI bhASA TIkA bAlAbabodha rUpa meM bnaaii| inakA eka svataMtra "praznottara grantha' bhI 1. agaracanda nAhaTA ke grantha bhaNDAra meM saMgrahIta : 2. rAjaisA, pa0 226 / 3. rAyala eziyATika sosAiTI, landana se pra0 / 4. rAjaisA, pR0 227 / 5. zrI rAsUsmRga, pR0 707 / 6. jaisAoi, pR0 486 /

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 383 1478 I0 meM racita prApta hai / pAvacandra sUri ne sarvaprathama "AcArAMga", "sUtrakRtAMga", "dazavakAlika", "aupapAtika", "prazna vyAkaraNa", "taMdula vaiyAliya", "causaraNa", "sAdhu pratikramaNa", "navatatva" Adi jaina AgamoM para bAlAvabodha va bhASA TIkAe~ likhIM / dharmadeva ne 1458 I0 meM "SaSThIzataka bAlAvabodha" racA / ' 16vIM zatAbdI-1525 I0 meM rattaraMgopAdhyAya ne 'rUpakamAlA bAlAvabodha", abhayadharma ne "dazadRSTAnta kathAnaka bAlAvabodha", rAjahaMsa ne "dazavakAlika bAlAvabodha" tathA zivasundara ne 1512 I0 meM "gautama pRcchA bAlAvabodha", khIMvasara meM racita kiyA / 1554 I0 meM sAdhukIti ne "saptasmaraNa bAlAvabodha", 1556 I0 meM harSaballabha upAdhyAya ne "aMcala mata carcA", somavimala sUri ne "dazavakAlika' aura 'kalpasUtra bAlAvabodha", candradharma gaNI ne "yugAdi deva stotra bAlAvabodha", cAritrasiMha gaNI ne "samyaktvastava bAlAvabodha" 1576 I0, jayasoma ne do praznottara grantha aura "aSTottarI vidhi" 1593 I0 meM rcii| padmasundara ne 1594 I0 meM "pravacanasAra bAlAvabodha" kI racanA kI / upAdhyAya samaya sundara ne "rUpaka mAlA bAlAvabodha", 'SaDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha" aura "yati ArAdhanA" kI racanA kii| zivanidhAna ne 1595 I0 meM "zAzvata stavana bAlAvabodha" kI racanA kii| pAMDe rAjamalla ne "samayasAra kalaza" para bAlAvabodha kI racanA kii| rAjasthAnI bhASA evaM abhilekha : 14vIM, 15vIM zatAbdI se abhilekhoM meM rAjasthAnI bhASA kI vividha boliyoM, yathA mevAr3I, gujarAtI, mAravAr3I Adi kA bhI prayoga dekhane ko milatA hai / delavAr3A (mevAr3a) ke 1437 I0 aura 1440 I0 ke lekha, AbU ke digambara jaina mandira kA 1437 I0 kA lekha, AbU kA hI 1441 I0 kA kumArI kanyA abhilekha, 1459 I0 kA delavAr3A kA suraha lekha, jaisalamera kA 1524 I0 kA lekha Adi rAjasthAnI bhASA ke abhilekhoM meM prayoga ke sundara udAharaNa haiM / (55) hindI bhASA sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : rAjasthAna jaba kaI riyAsatoM meM vibhakta thA, taba jo pradeza braja va paMjAba ke AsapAsa kA thA, usameM hindI kA prabhAva va pracAra adhika rahA / gujarAta ke sannikaTa pradeza meM svAbhAvika rUpa se gujarAtI bhASA kA prabhAva adhika rhaa| zeSa sAre pradeza kI bhASA "marU" yA "mAravAr3I" yA "prAcIna rAjasthAnI" rahI, jisakI kaI zAkhAe~ evaM boliyA~ haiM / hindI, mUlataH jise khar3I bolI kahA jAtA hai, vaha to musalamAnI 1. rAjaisA, pR0 228 / 2. vhii| 3. vhii|

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384 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma sAmrAjya ke samaya vikasita huI / braja, hindI kA dUsarA sAhityika rUpa hai / prAcIna hindI sAhitya sarvAdhika brajabhASA kA hai, jise kaI granthoM meM gvAlerI" nAma bhI diyA gayA hai, kyoMki gvAliyara ke AsapAsa ke kSetra meM isa bhASA kA pracAra-prasAra adhika rahA / rAjasthAna ke bhI kaI sAhityakAroM ne gvAlerI bhASA kA ullekha kiyA hai | hindI sAhitya vaise avadhI Adi meM bhI milatA hai, para rAjasthAna meM hindI ko khar3I bolI va brajabhASA ina donoM upabhASAoM kA hI adhika zatAbdI taka ina rUpoM meM svalpa racanAe~ huI / (sa) uttara madhyakAla : prasAra rahA / 16vIM 17vIM evaM 18vIM zatAbdiyoM meM rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya meM vividha bhASAoM ko racanAoM kA svarUpa isa prakAra rahA (1) prAkRta bhASA sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra: uttara madhyakAla meM rAjasthAnI va hindI bhASA ke sAhityika svarUpa ke ati lokapriya hone ke kAraNa tathA saMskRta ke sarvamAnya bane rahane ke kAraNa, prAkRta meM bahuta kama yA nagaNya racanAe~ racI gaI / divAkara dAsa kI "gAthAkoSa saptazatI", zubhacandrasUri kA "cintAmaNi vyAkaraNa", sAghuraMga kA " karma vicAra sAra" prakaraNa Adi 17vIM zatAbdI kI prAkRta racanAe~ haiM / 18vIM zatAbdI meM isa bhASA kA prayoga sAhityika kSetra meM luptaprAya ho gayA / ( 2 ) apabhraMza bhASA sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : hindI evaM rAjasthAnI bhASA ke sAhityika prayoga kA apabhraMza para bhI asara huA, ataH 17vIM, 18vIM zatAbdI meM isa bhASA meM bahuta kama sAhitya sRjita huA / 17vIM zatAbdI meM hone vAle apabhraMza ke antima kavi bhagavatI dAsa kI 1647 I0 kI kRti " mRgAMka lekhAcarita" kI pAMDulipi Amera zAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura meM hai / isake atirikta dhavala ne "pAsanAhacariya", devasenagaNI ne 'sulocanA cariu", lakSmadeva ne " NamiNAha cariu ", dhanapAla ne " bAhubali cariu", jayadeva ne "bhAvanAsandhi" Adi, rAjasthAna evaM gujarAta meM rahakara likhIM / DaoN0 kAsalIvAla ne aisI sau apabhraMza racanAoM kA vivaraNa diyA hai, jo rAjasthAna meM upalabdha haiM / abhI hAla hI meM devendra kumAra zAstrI ne rAjasthAna ke grantha bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha 968 pratiyoM kA vizeSa vivaraNa apane grantha meM diyA hai / ( 3 ) saMskRta sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra: jaina sAhitya 17vIM evaM 18vIM zatAbdI meM saMskRta bhASA meM nirantara likhA jAtA rahA / 1. jaibharA, pariziSTa 3 | 2. zAstrI, apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodha prabRttiyAM, pR0 113-117 /

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 385 1. padmarAja -ye mahopAdhyAya puNyasAgara ke ziSya aura saMskRta ke vidvAn the / inakI jaisalamera meM 1602 I0 meM racita "bhAvArivAraNa pAdapUrti TIkA", phalavaddhi meM 1587 I0 meM racita "rUcitadaNDa kastuti TokA" Adi kaI kRtiyA~ prApta haiM / 2. vAdI harSa nandana - ye samaya sundara ke ziSya the / inhoMne 1614 I0 meM " madhyAhna vyAkhyAna paddhati", 1647 I0 meM " RSimaMDala vRtti", 1648 I0 meM " sthAnAMgasUtra gAthAgata vRtti" tathA 1654 I0 meM " uttarAdhyayana sUtra TIkA" Adi kI racanA kI / " 3. gamati kIrti ye guNavinaya ke ziSya the| inakI pramukha racanAe~ " dazAzrutaskaMdha TIkA" evaM " guNakitva SoDaSikA" haiM / " 4. sahajakIrti - ye kharataragacchIya va hemanandana ke ziSya the| inakA samaya 17vIM zatAbdI thA inakA kAryakSetra rAjasthAna thA / inakI mukhya racanAeM isa prakAra haiM" kalpasUtra TIkA" 1628 I0, "anekazAstra samuccaya", "gautamakulaka TIkA " 1614 I0, "phalavaddhi pArzvanAtha mahAtmya kAvya", "vairAgyazataka", "RjuprAjJa vyAkaraNa', 'sArasvata TIkA" 1624 I0, "siddha zabdArNava nAmakoSa", "zatadala kamala baddha" 1626 I0, "pArzvanAtha stotra", " zabdArNava vyAkaraNa" "nAmakoSa" Adi / 5. guNaratna --- ye kharataragacchIya vinaya pramoda ke ziSya the / ye nyAya, lakSaNa va kAvya zAstra ke praur3ha vidvAn the / inakA kAryakSetra rAjasthAna meM hI rahA / inakI pramukha racanAe~ - - " kAvya prakAza TIkA", "tarkabhASA TIkA", "sArasvata TIkA" 1584 I0, " raghuvaMza TIkA", "maMgalavAda" Adi haiM / 4 6. sUracaMda -- ye kharataragacchIya evaM vIrakalaza ke ziSya the / ye darzana aura sAhitya zAstra ke prakAMDa paMDita the tathA inakA kAryakSetra rAjasthAna thA / inakI pramukha racanAe~-" sthUlabhadra guNamAlA kAvya" 1623 I0, "jainatasvasAra svopajJa TIkA saha" 1622 I0, "aSTArthI zloka vRtti", "padaikaviMzati", " zAMtilaharI", "zRMgArarasamAlA" 1602 I0, "paMcatIrthI zleSAlaMkAra", "citrakAvya", "ajita - zAMti stavana" Adi hai / " 1. rAbhA 3, kra0 2 // 2. rAjaisA, pR0 68 / 3. jaigragra, pR0 56 | 4. rAjaisA, pR0 69 / 5. jaisibhA, 16, aMka 1 / 25 "

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386 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 7. vinayasAgaropAdhyAya - ye pippalaka zAkhA se sambandhita the / inakI mukhya racanAe~ - " avidapada zatArthI", " nalavarNana mahAkAvya " ( aprApta), "praznaprabodha kAvyAlaMkAra svopajJa TIkA saha" 1610 I0, " rAkSasa kAvya TIkA", "rAghavapAMDavIya kAvya TIkA", "vidagdha mukhamaMDana TIkA " 1612 I0 haiM / ' 8. udayasAgara -- ye bhI pippalaka zAkhA ke muni the / inhoMne 17vIM zatAbdI meM " vAgbhaTAlaMkAra TIkA" kI racanA kI / 2 9. bhaTTAraka zrIbhUSaNa -- ye bhaTTAraka bhAnukoti ke ziSya the / ye 1648 I0 meM nAgaura gAdI ke bhaTTAraka hue| inakI saMskRta racanAe~ -- " anantacaturdazI pUjA", "anantanAtha pUjA", " bhaktAmara pUjAvidhAna", "zrutaskaMdha pUjA" va "saptarSi pUjA" haiM / " 10. bhaTTAraka dharmacaMdra - ye nAgaura gAdI para 1655 I0 meM bhaTTAraka bane / 1660 I0 meM mAroTha meM inhoMne " gautamasvAmIcarita" kI racanA kI / isake alAvA inakI "neminAtha vinatI", "saMbodha paMcAsikA " evaM "sahastranAma pUjA" Adi kRtiyA~ bhI milatI haiM / " 11. brahma kAmarAja -- inhoMne 1634 I0 meM mevAr3a meM " jayapurANa" kI racanA kI / " 12. paM0 jagannAtha - - ye takSakagar3ha ( ToDArAyasiMha ) ke nivAsI aura bhaTTAraka narendra kIrti ke ziSya the / inakI aba taka 6 racanAe~ upalabdha haiM -- "caturviMzati saMghAna svopajJa TIkA", "sukhanidhAna", "suSaiNacaritra", "naminarendra stotra", "karmasvarUpa varNana" Adi / inakI eka anya racanA " zRGgAra samudra" bhI thI, jo upalabdha nahIM hai / 13. vAdirAja - ye paM0 jagannAtha ke bhAI va saMskRta ke acche vidvAn the / ye takSaka nagara ke rAjA rAjasiMha ke mahAmAtya the / inakI kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiM - " vAgbhaTAlaMkAra" kI " kavicaMdrikA" nAmaka TIkA, "jJAna locana stotra" va "sulocanA caritra" / prathama kRti 1672 I0 meM nibaddha kI gaI / 9 1. rAjaisA, pR0 73 / 2 . vahI / 3. vahI, pR0 112 / 4. vahI, 5. vahI, pR0 114 / 6. jaigraprasa, pR0 38 / 7. rAjaisA, pR0 114 / pR0 112-113 /

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 387 14. bhAvavijaya - - tapAgaccha ke bhAvavijaya ne 1632 I0 meM sirohI meM "uttarAdhyayanasUtra TIkA" kI racanA kI / " 15. padma sAgara --- ye tapAgaccha ke AcArya the / inhoMne 1600 I0 meM pIpAr3a meM "uttarAdhyayanasUtra kathAsaMgraha " likhA / 16. cAritracaMdra -- ye kharataragaccha ke the / inhoMne 1666 I0 meM riNI meM "uttarAdhyayanasUtra dIpikA " rcii| 17, zivAnaghAnopAdhyAya - ye kharataragaccha ke muni the / inhoMne pAlI meM "kSetrasamAsa vRtti" evaM jodhapura meM 1633 I0 meM " upadezamAlA saMskRta paryAya" kI racanA kI / 4 18. mativarddhana - ye bhI kharataragaccha ke the| inhoMne 1681 I0 meM jaitAraNa meM " gautama pRcchATIkA " kI racanA kI / " 19. lalita kIrti - ye bhI kharataragaccha ke the / inhoMne 1621 I0 meM lATadraha meM "zIlopadezamAlA TokA" kI racanA kI / 20. vinaya vijayopAdhyAya - ye tapAgacchIya sAdhu the / inhoMne 1661 I0 meM jodhapura meM "iMdudUta" kI racanA kI / 7 21. vinaya caMdra - - kharataragaccha ke ina muni ne 1637 I0 meM rADadraha meM "meghadUta TIkA" raco thI / ' " 22. guNaratna - ina kharatara gacchIya muni ne 1619 I0 meM jodhapura meM raghuvaMza TIkA" nibaddha kI / 23. sumati vijaya - ye kharatara gaccha ke the| inhoMne bIkAnera meM 1641 I0 meM "raghuvaMza TIkA " likhI / 1642 I0 meM "meghadUta vRtti" kI bhI racanA kI / 10 1. rAbhA, 3, kra0 2 / 2. rAjaisA, pR0 74-82 // 3. vahI / 4. vahI / 5. vahI / 3. vahI / 7. vahI / 8. vahI / 9. vahI / 10. vahI /

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388 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 24. rAjavijaya-ye kharataragaccha se sambandhita the| 1670 I0 meM bIkAnera meM inhoMne "vijJaptikA" kI racanA kii|' 25. lAvaNyavijaya-ina tapAgacchIya vidvAna ne 1652 I0 meM jodhapura meM eka "vijJaptikA" rcii| 26. jinavardhamAna sUri-kharataragaccha se sambandhita ina muni ne 1682 I0 meM "sUkti muktAvalI" kA sRjana kiyaa| 27. saracaMdropAdhyAya-ye sabhI kharataragacchIya the| inhoMne 1623 I0 meM sAMgAnera meM "sthUlibhadragaNamAlA kAvya" tathA 1626 I0 meM bIkAnera ke nikaTa amarasara meM "jaina tatvasAra" grantha svopajJa vRtti sahita likhaa| ___28 lakSmIballabhopAdhyAya-ye kharataragaccha ke the| 1689 I0 meM inhoMne riNI meM "paMcakumAra kathA" likhii|" 29. kanakakuzala-ye tapAgaccha se sambandhita the / inhoMne 1608 I0 meM mer3atA meM "saubhAgyapaMcamI kathA" likhii|' 30. kanakakumAra-ye bhI kharataragaccha ke the| inhoMne 1659 I0 meM jaisalamera meM "jaisalamera aSTajinAlaya strotra" rcaa| 31. jJAnavimalopAdhyAya-ye kharataragaccha ke the| inhoMne 17vIM zatAbdI meM jaisalamera meM "jaisalamera pArzva jinastava" rcaa|' 32. sAdhusundara-ye bhI kharataragacchIya the| inhoMne 1628 I0 meM jaisalamera meM "jaisalamera pArzva jina stuti" kI racanA kii| ___33. bhAvapramoda-ye bhI kharataragacchIya the| inhoMne 1637 I0 meM bilAr3A meM "saptapadArthI TIkA" likhii|10 1. rAjaisA, pR074-82|| 2. vhii| 3. vhii| 4. vhii| 5. vhii| 6. jaisAsai, pR0 604 / 7. rAjaisA, pR074-82 / 8. vhii| 9. vhii| 10. vhii|

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 389 34. jJAnameru - kharataragacchIya ina sAdhu ne 1610 I0 meM DIDavAnA meM " sArasvatAnuvRtyava bodhaka" kI racanA kI / " 35. udayacandra- ye bhI kharataragacchIya the / inhoMne 1674 I0 meM bIkAnera meM "pAMDitya darpaNa " sRjita kiyA / 36. samayamANikya -- ye bhI kharataragaccha ke the| inhoMne 1689 I0 meM jAbAli - pura meM "rasikapriyA saMskRta TokA" ko racanA kI / * 37. kuzaladhIra - kharataragaccha se sambandhita ina muni ne 1667 I0 jodhapura meM "rasikapriyA" TIkA likhI / 4 38. zivacanda-ye kharataragacchIya the / 1642 I0 meM alavara meM inhoMne "vidagdhamukhamaMDanaTIkA" likhI / " 39. kIrtivarddhana - ye bhI kharataragacchIya the| inhoMne 17vIM zatAbdI meM mer3atA meM 'janmaprakAzikA jyotiSa" kI racanA kI / "" 40. dhanarAja -- ye aMcalagaccha ke the / inhoMne 1635 I0 meM padmAvatI paTTana meM "mahAdevI dIpikA" kI racanA kI / 41. bhAnucaMdra gaNI - ye tapAgaccha ke the / 17vIM zatAbdI meM sirohI meM inhoMne " basantarAja zakuna TIkA" rcii|" 42. meghavijayopAdhyAya - ( 1628 I0-1703 ) ye tapAgacchIya evaM kRpAvijaya ke ziSya the| inakA kAryakSetra gujarAja evaM rAjasthAna rahA / ye bahumukhI pratibhAsaMpanna viziSTa vidvAn the / inakI 38 kRtiyAM prApta haiM, jinameM nimna pramukha haiM- "saptasaMdhAna mahAkAvya" 1703 I0 " digvijaya mahAkAvya", "zAMtinAtha caritra" ( naiSadha pAda pUrti ), "devAnanda mahAkAvya " ( mAgha pAda pUrti), "kirAta samasyA pUrti", "meghevUta samasyA lekha", "laghutriSaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra", "bhaviSya datta caritra", J 1. rAjesA, pR0 74-82 / 2. vahI / 3. vahI / 4. vahI / 5. arAvalI, 1, kra0 12 / 6. rAjaisA, 74.82 / 7. rAbhA, 3, aMka 2 / 8. vahI /

Page #413
390 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma "paMcAkhyAna", "caMdraprabhA vyAkaraNa" 1700 I0, "hemazabda caudrakA", "hemazabda prakriyA", "ciMtAmaNi parIkSA", "yukti prabodha", "megha mahodaya varNa prabodha", "hastasaMjIvana", "udayadIpikA", "vIsAyaMtra vidhi", "mAtRkaprasAda" 1670 I0, "ahaMdgItA", "bhaviSya datta kathA", "paMcamI kathA", "ramala zAstra", "prazna sundarI", "paMcatIrthI stuti", "bhaktAmara vRtti" Adi / ' 43. dharmavarddhana-( 1643 I0-1717 I0 ) inakA janmanAma dharmasI thA evaM vijaya harSa ke ziSya the / ye kharataragacchIya the / inhoMne 'vIra bhaktAmara" svopajJa TIkA sahita aneka stotra race / 2 44. mahopAdhyAya rAmavijaya-( 1677 I0-1778 I0) ye khataragacchIya kSemakIrti zAkhA ke evaM dayAsiMha ke ziSya the| inakA kAryakSetra jodhapura, bIkAnera rahA / inakI pramukha racanAe~-"gautamIyamahAkAvya" 1750 I0, "guNamAlA prakaraNa", "siddhAMtacaMdrikA TIkA", "sAdhvAcAra SaTatrizikA", "muhUrtamaNimAlA" 1744 I0, "SaDbhASAmaya patra" 1730 I0, Adi haiM / 45. mahimodaya-ye kharataragacchIya matihaMsa ke ziSya, 18vIM zatAbdI meM hue / inakA kAryakSetra rAjasthAna rahA / ye jyotiSa zAstra ke vidvAn the| inakI pramukha kRtiyA~ haiM-"kheTasiddhi", "janmapatrI paddhati", 'jyotiSaratnAkara" 1665 I0, "paMcAMgAnayana vidhi" 1665 I0, "premajyoti" 1666 I0, "SaTpaMcAzikA vRtti bAlAvabodha" Adi / 46. yazasvatsAgara-inakA samaya 18vIM zatAbdI rhaa| ye kharatara gacchIya kSemakIti zAkhA evaM lakSmIkIti ke ziSya the| inakA kAryakSetra rAjasthAna rahA / inakI pramukha racanAe~-"kalpasUtra TIkA", "uttarAdhyayana sUtra TIkA", "kAlikAcArya kathA", "kumArasaMbhava TIkA", "mAtRkAdharmopadeza svopajJa TIkA saha", "saMsAradAvA pAda pUAtmaka", "yazorAjirAja paddhati", "pArzvanAtha strotra" Adi / 47. puNyazIla gaNo-ye rAmavijaya ke ziSya the| inake dvArA racita jayadeva ke gIta goviMda kI paddhati para "caturviMzati jina stavanAni svopajJa TIkA saha" aura "jJAnAnaMda prakAza" prApta haiN| 1. rAjaisA, pR070| 2. vhii| 3. vahI, pR071 / 4. vahI, pR0 70 / 5. jaisAsa, pR0 656 / 6. rAbhA, 3, aMka 2 /

Page #414
jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 391 48. zivacaMdropAdhyAya-ye rAmavijaya ke praziSya the| inakI mukhya kRtiyA~ "pradyumna lIlA prakAza" 1822 I0, "viMzati pada prakAza", "samudrabaMdha kAvya" 1804 I0, "siddha saptatikA", "bhAvanAprakAza" "mUlarAja guNa varNana" tathA aneka strotra haiN|' 49. mahopAdhyAya kSamAkalyANa-(1744 I0-1815 I0 ) ye kharataragacchIya amRtadharma ke ziSya the / ye uttama koTi ke vidvAna the| inakI prApta racanAoM meM mukhya nimna haiM-"tarka saMgraha phakkikA" 1717 I0, "bhUdhAtuvRtti" 1772 I0, "samarAdityakevalI caritra" pUrvArddha, "aMbaDa caritra", "yazodhara caritra", "gautamIya mahAkAvya TIkA", "sUkti ratnAvalI svopajJa TIkA saha", "vijJAna caMdrikA", "kharataragaccha paTTAvalI", "jIva vicAra TIkA", parasamaya sAra vicAra saMgraha", "praznottara sArddhazataka", "sAdhu zrAvaka vidhi prakAza", "aSTAhnikAdi pUrvAkhyAna", "caityavaMdana caturvizati" Adi grantha evaM katipaya stotra / 50. jinasamudrasUri-ye begar3azAkhA se sambandhita the| inhoMne 18vIM zatAbdI meM nimna racanAe~ likhIM-'kalpAMtara vacci", "sArasvata ghAtupATha", va "vairAgya zataka ttiikaa| 51. jinacaMdra sUri-ye AdyapakSIya zAkhA se sambandhita the| inhoMne 18vIM zatAbdI meM "AcArAMga sUtra TIkA" rcii| 52. sumaMti haMsa-ye bhI AdyapakSIya zAkhA ke the| inhoMne ''kalpasUtra TIkA" kI racanA kii| 53. bhaTTAraka devendra kIti-ye bhaTTAraka jagatkIti ke ziSya the aura 1713 I0 meM Amera meM bhaTTAraka hye| inhoMne "samayasAra" para eka saMskRta TokA IsaradA meM 1736 I0 meM samApta kii| inakA kArya kSetra DhUMDhAr3ha praveza thaa| inakI anya racanAe~-"vratakathA koSa", "caMdanaSaSThi kathA", "pradyumna prabandha" Adi haiM / 54. bhaTTAraka surendra koti-1765 I0 yA 1766 I0 meM ye jayapura meM bhaTTAraka bane / ye saMskRta ke prakAMDa vidvAna the| abhI taka inakI nimna racanAe~ 1. rAjaisA, pR0 71 / 2. vahI, pR0 71 / 3. vahI, pR0 72 / 4. vhii| 5. bhii| 6. rAjaisA, pR0 115 /

Page #415
392: madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma upalabdha huI haiM-"aSTAhnikA kathA", "paMcakalyANaka vidhAma", "paMcamAsa caturdazIvratodyApana", "purandara vratodyApana", "labdhividhAna", "sammedazikhara pUjA", 'pratApa kAvya", "jambUdvIpa prajJapti" para TIkA aadi| inhoMne kaI pUjAeM bhI likhii| 55. jIvarAja-ye kharataragaccha ke the| inhoMne 1790 I0 meM bIkAnera meM "mAna ekAdazI vyAkhyAna" kI racanA kI / 56. karmacaMdra-ye bhI khataratagacchIya mani the| 1767 I0 meM inhoMne nAgaura meM "tarka saMgraha TIkA" kI racanA kii| 57. dIpacaMdra-ye bhI kharataragacchIya the| inhoMne 1755 I0 meM jayapura meM "pathyApathya nirNaya" kI racanA kii| 58. lAbhavardhana-ye bhI kharataragacchIya sAdhu the / inhoMne 1704 meM gur3hA meM "aMka prastAra" kI racanA kii| 59. rAyacaMdra-ye bhI kharatara gaccha se sambandhita the| inhoMne 1770 I0 nAgaura meM "aSayAdi zakunAvalI" rcii| 60. kyAsiMha-ye bhI kharataragaccha se sambandhita the| inhoMne 1714 I0 meM eka "vijJaptikA" kI racanA kI / 61. sadAnaMda-inhoMne 1749 I0 meM "siddhAnta caMdrikA" kI sundara AlocanA likhii| 62. guNavijaya-inhoMne "vijaya prazasti" kAvya para eka pustaka kI racanA 1631 I0 meM sirohI meM pUrNa kii| (4) rAjasthAnIbhASA-sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : jainAcAryoM kI lokabhASA meM upadeza dene kI pravRti ke kAraNa 17 vI va 18 vIM zatAbdI meM bhI sthAnIya bhASAoM meM vipula sAhitya sRjita kiyA gyaa| 1. rAjaisA, pR0 115 / 2. vahI pR0 74-82 / 3. vhii| 4. vhii| vhii| 6. vhii| 7. vhii| ..

Page #416
jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 393 (ka) padya sAhitya : 1. mahopAdhyAya samaya sundara - ye rAjasthAnI sAhitya ke sabase bar3e gItakAra evaM kavi ke rUpa meM ullekhanIya haiM / rAjasthAnI gadya-padya meM inakI saikar3oM racanAeM upalabdha hai / sItA-rAma caupAI" nAmaka rAjasthAnI jaina rAmAyaNa kI eka DhAla inhoMne sAMcaura meM banAI thI / inakI 563 racanAe~ "samayasundara kRti kusumAMjali" meM prakAzita ho cukI haiN| anya pramukha racanAeM "saMbapradyumna caupaI", "mRgAvatI rAsa" 1611 I0, "priyamelaka rAsa" 1615 I0, "zatruMjaya rAsa", " sthUlibhadrarAsa", "cAturmAsika parva kathA", "kAlakAcArya kathA" Adi haiM / " 2. guNavinaya - ye jayasoma ke ziSya the / inakA racanAkAla rahA / inakI racanAe~ isa prakAra hai - " kavayannAsaMdhi ", " kalAvatI prabandha", "jIvasvarUpa cIpaI", " naladamayantI rAsa" Adi / 3. bhuvanakIkata - inakI 1610 I0 se 1649 I0 taka kI racanAe~ milatI haiM, jinameM " bharata bAhubali caupaI", "gaja sukamAla caupaI", "ajannA sundarI rAsa " ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / 1619 I0 taka rAsa", "aMjanA 4. lAvaNya korti- ye kharataragacchIya jJAna vilAsa ke ziSya the / 17vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha inhoMne "rAmakRSNa caupaI" kI racanA kI / 5. lAbhodaya - ye kharataragacchIya bhuvanakIrti ke ziSya the / inake dvArA racita "kayavannA rAsa" mahatvapUrNa kRti hai / " 6. guNa nandana - inake dvArA racita "ilAputra rAsa" mahatvapUrNa kRti hai / 7. kavivara jinahaSaM -- ye kharataragacchIya zAMtiharSa ke ziSya the / inakI samasta kRtiyoM kA parimANa eka lAkha zlokoM ke lagabhaga hai / inake vRhad rAsoM kI saMkhyA lagabhaga 50-60 hai / 1647 I0 se 1679 I0 taka kI kAlAvadhi inhoMne rAjasthAna meM vyatIta kii| isa avadhi kI samasta racanAeM mAravAr3a pradeza meM racita haiM / inake bar3ebar3e grantha isa prakAra haiM- " caMdanamalayAgiri caupaI" 1647 I0, "vidyAvilAsa rAsa " 1654 I0, "maMgalakalaza caupaI" 1657 I0, " matsyodara rAsa" 1661 I0, " zIlanavavAr3a samyak " 1672 I0, " naMda bahattarI" 1657 I0, "gajasukumAla caupaI" 1. rAjaisA, pR0 175 / 2. jaisarA, pR0 242 / 3. vahI / 4. vahI / 5. vahI / 6. vahI /

Page #417
394 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 1657 I0, "jinapratimA huMDI rAsa" 1668 I0, "kusumazrIrAsa" 1652 I0, "magAputra caupaI" 1657 I0, "mAtRkA bAvanI" 1673 I0, "jJAtAsUtrasajjhAya" 1679 I0, "samakita saptamI" 1679 I0, "zukarAja rAsa" 1679 I0, "zrIpAla rAsa" 1683 I0, "ratnasiMha rAsa" 1684 I0, "zrIpAla rAsa saMkSipta" 1685 I0, "avanti sukumAla rAsa" 1684 I0, "uttamakumAra rAsa" 1688 I0, "kumArapAla rAsa" 1685 I0, "amara datta mitrAnaMda rAsa" 1692 I0, "caMdana malayAgiri caupaI" 1687 I0, "harIzacaMdra rAsa" 1687 I0, "haribalamacchIrAsa" 1688 I0, "sudarzana seTha rAsa' 1692 I0' "ajitasena kanakAvatI rAsa" 1694 I0, "guNAvalI rAsa" 1694 I0, "mahAbala malayAsundari rAsa' 1694 I0, "zatrujaya mahAtmya rAsa"1698, I0 "satyavijaya nirvANa rAsa" 1699 I0, "ratnacUr3a rAsa" 1700 I0, "abhaya kumAra rAsa" 1701 I0, "rAtri bhojana rAsa" 1701 I0, "ratnasAra rAsa" 1702 I0, "vayarasvAmI rAsa" 1702 I0, "jaMbUsvAmI rAsa" 1703 I0, "sthUlibhadra sajjhAya" 1703 I0, "narmadAsundari sajjhAya" 1703 I0, "ArAma sobhArAsa" 1704 I0, "vasudevarAsa" 1705 I0, "jasarAja bAvanI" 1681 I0, "meghakumAra cauDAliyA", "yazodhara rAsa" 1690 I0, "zrImatIrAsa" 1704 I0, "kanakAvatI rAsa", "upamitibhava prapaMca rAsa" 1688 I0, "RSidatta rAsa" 1692 I0, "zIlavatI rAsa" 1701 I0, "ratnazekhara ratnAvatI rAsa" 1702 I0, "vizi" 1688 I0, "dazavakAlika gIta" 1680 I0, "dohA saMgraha", "cAbolI kathA", "gajasiMha caritra caupaI" 1651 I0 tathA vividha stavana, sajjhAya Adi / 8. jinasamudra sUri-inakA kAryakSetra jaisalamera ke AsapAsa thA / inakI 1640 I0 kI "neminAtha phAga'' sarvaprathama kRti hai evaM aMtima racanA "sarvArthasiddhi maNi mAlA" 1683 I0 meM pUrNa huI thii| isake atirikta 25 racanAe~ aura haiM, jinameM 'vasudeva caupaI", "RSidattA caupaI", "rukmiNI caritra", "guNasundara caupaI", "pravacana racanAveli", "manoratha mAlA bAvanI" Adi ullekhanIya haiN|2|| 9. mahopAdhyAya labdhodaya--inakA racanAkAla 1649 I0 se 1693 I0 taka rahA / inakI prathama racanA 1649 I0 ko "padminI caritra caupaI" hai, jo udayapura meM racI gaI / pazcAtvartI sabhI racanAe~ udayapura, gogundA evaM dhuleva meM racita haiM / anya mahattvapUrNa racanAe~ "ratnacUDa maNicUr3a caupaI", "malayasundarI caupaI", "guNAvalI caupaI", "padmAvato AkhyAna" Adi haiM / 1. nAhaTA, rAjaisA, pR0 177 / 2. vhii| 3. zrI virAsmA, pR0 706 / .

Page #418
jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 395 10. jayaraMga--( jaitasI ) inakI 1643 I0 se 1682 I0 taka kI racanAe~ milatI haiN| mukhya racanAe~ "amarasena vayarasena caupaI", "dazavaikAlika gIta" 1650 I0, "kayavannA rAsa" 1664 I0 Adi haiN| 11. mahimodaya---inhoMne 1665 I0 meM "zrIpAla rAsa" rcaa| 12. sumatiraMga-17vIM zatAbdI meM inhoMne kaI AdhyAtmika granthoM kA rAjasthAnI meM anuvAda kiyaa| inakI pramukha racanAe~-"jJAnakalA caupaI', "yogazAstra caupaI", "harikesI saMdhi", "caubIsa jina savaiyA" Adi haiM / 13. lAbhavarddhana-ye jinaharSa ke gurubhrAtA the| aba taka inakI 11 racanAe~ prApta huI haiM, jinameM "lIlAvatI rAsa' 1671 I0, "vikramapaMcadaNDa caupaI" 1676 I0, "chaMdovataMza', "dharmabuddhi-pApa buddhi caupaI" Adi mahattvapUrNa haiM / / 14. kavi udayarAja-ye jodhapura nareza udayasiMha ke samakAlIna the| inhoMne "maMjana chattIsI" va "guNa bAvanI" ko racanA kii| inhoMne bIkAnera ke rAjA rAjasiMha ke Agraha para 1603 I0 meM "rAjanIti dohe" kI racanA kii|5 15. vidyAkuzala-inhoMne rAjasthAnI bhASA meM "jaina rAmAyaNa" kI racanA kii| 16. cAritra dharma-inhoMne bhI sthAnIya bhASA meM "jaina rAmAyaNa' kI kRti sajita kii| 17. dharmavarddhana-ye utkRSTa kavi the| inakI mukhya racanAe~, "zreNika copaI" 1662 I0, "amarasena vayarasena caupaI" 1668 I0, 'surasundari rAsa" 1679 I0 aura "zIlarAsa" Adi haiN|' 18. kuzaladhIra-ye vAcaka kalyANalAbha ke ziSya the / inakI mukhya racanAe~, "kRSNaveli bAlAvabodha" 1639 I0, "zIlavatIrAsa" 1665 I0, 'lIlAvatI rAsa" 1671 I0 evaM 'bhoja caupaI" Adi hai| 1. nAhaTA, rAjaisA, pR0 178 / 2. vhii| 3. vhii| 4. vhii| 5. hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa pR0 132 / 6. vhii| 7. prazasti saMgraha, 5, kra0 4 / 8. vhii| 9. nAhaTA, rAjaisA, pR0 179 / :

Page #419
396 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 19. yazovarddhana-inake dvArA racita "ratnahAsa rAsa", "caMdana malayagirirAsa", "jaMbUsvAmIrAsa' evaM "vidyA vilAsa" rAsa prApta huye haiN|' 20. vinaya caMdra mahopAdhyAya-ye jJAnatilaka ke ziSya the| inakI mukhya racanAe~ "uttama kumAra rAsa", "bIsI", "caubIsI", "ekAdaza aMga sajjhAya" 1698 I0 tathA "zatrujaya rAsa" 1698 I0 haiM / / 21. viveka siddhi-ye lAvaNya siddhi kI ziSyA thiiN| inhoMne "vimala-siddhi-guruNI gItama' kI racanA kii| 22. vidyA siddhi-inhoMne 1642 I0 meM "guruNI-gItama" kI racanA kii| 23. devendra-inhoMne 1626 I0 meM mahuA nagara meM "yazodhara carita" kI racanA kii| 24. kalyANa koti-ye devendra kIrti ke ziSya the| inakI racanAe~, "cArudatta caritra" 1635 I0, "pArzvanAtha rAso" 1640 I0, "zreNika prabaMdha" 1648 I0, "badhAvA" Adi haiN| 25. vardhamAna kavi-inhoMne 1608 I0 meM mahAvIra para eka rAsa kI racanA kii| 26. bhaTTAraka vIracandra-ye bhaTTAraka lakSmIcaMdra ke ziSya va prakANDa vidvAn the| aba taka inakI 8 racanAe~ upalabdha haiM-"vIra vilAsa phAga", "neminAtha rAsa" 1616 I0, "sImaMdhara svAmo gota", "saMbodha sattANu", "jina AMtarA", "bAhubali veli", "jaMbUsvAmI beli", "cittanirodha kathA" / ' 27. Tokama :- ye DhUDhAr3ha pradeza ke nivAsI the / inhoMne 1655 I0 meM "caturdazI caupaI" kI racanA ko / 1. nAhaTA, rAjaimA, pR0 171 2. vhii| 3. jaisarA, pR0 248 / 4. vahI / 5. rAjaisA, 210 / 1. vhii| 7. vhii| 8. vhii| 9. vahI, pR0 211 /

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 397 28. khaDga :- ye bAgar3a deza meM nAranola ke nivAsI the / inhoMne 1656 I0 meM zAhajahA~ ke zAsanakAla meM ''triloka darpaNa kathA" kI racanA kI / "' 29- muni zubhacandra : ye hAr3autI pradeza ke kujar3apura meM rahate the / inhoMne 1698 I0 meM "holI kathA" nibaddha kI / 2 30. jodharAja govIkA :- ye sAMgAnera nivAsI the / inakI kRtiyA~ isa prakAra hai -- " samyaktva kaumudI bhASA" 1667 I0, "pravacanasAra bhASA", "kathAkoSa bhASA" 1665 I0 : prItaMkara caritra bhASA", " jJAnasamudra" 1665 I0, "dharma sarovara " 1667 I0 / 3 31. hemarAja : ye DhUMDhAr3I kavi the / inhoMne 1668 I0 meM " dohAzataka" kI racanA kI / 4 32. brahmanAtha : - inakA sAdhanA sthala ToMka racanAyeM isa prakAra haiM- " nemIzvara rAjamatI ko lUhari", "jinagI", "DorI kA gIta ", " dAI "mArU", "dhanAzrI ke gIta" Adi 15 33. sevaka : - ye lohaTa ke guru the| inakI 2 racanAe~ "neminAtha jI kA dasabhava varNana" / tathA caubIsa jina stuti haiM / inake 50 se bhI adhika pada prApta haiM / " 34. lohaTa :-- inakA kAryakSetra bUndI thA / 1679 I0 meM inhoMne " aDhAI korAso", 1727 I0 meM "cauDhAliyA", 1678 I0 meM " SaTlezyA beli", 1668 I0 meM " yazodhara carita", "pArzvanAtha jayamAlA" Adi racanAe~ likhIM / " 35. kanakakIti :- - ye 17 vIM zatAbdI ke muni the| inakI nimna racanAe~ 1. rAjaisA, pR0 211 / 2. vahI, pR0 212 1 3. jaisAsaha, pR0 114-115 / jile meM nagara grAma thaa| inakI byAhalo " 1671 I0, "nemajI kI gIta ", " rAga malAra", "soraTha", 4. rAjaisA, pR0 217 / 5. vahI / 6. caudharI mandira ToMka kA guTakA naM0 102ba / 7. jaina mandira nivAI ke guTake meM pR0 124-126 para / 8. jayapura ke chAbar3oM ke maM0 va terApaMthI maM0 meM guTakA naM0 47 va pada saMgraha 946 meM sNgrhiit| 9. rAjesA, pR0 219 /

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398 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma upalabdha haiM- "jinarAja stuti", "tattvArthasUtra bhASA TIkA", "megha kumAra gIta", "zrIpAla stuti", "pada bArahakhar3I" / ' 36. amara vijaya :-inakI abhI taka 25 racanAe~ prApta ho cukI haiN| mukhya isa prakAra haiM - "bhAvapaccIsI" 1704 I0, 'meghakumAra cauDhAliyA" 1714 I0, "sukumAla caupaI", sudarzana caupaI", "akSara battIsI", "upadeza battIsI" Adi ullekhanIya haiN| 37. rAmavijaya :--ye dayAsiMha ke ziSya the| inakI padya racanAoM meM "citrasena padmAvatI caupAI", "neminAtha rAsoM", "osavAla rAsa", AbU stavana" Adi haiN| 38. rUghapati :--ye vidyA nidhAna ke ziSya the / 1731 I0 se 1791 I0 taka inakA sAhitya nirmANa kAla thA / mukhya racanAe~--"naMdISaNa caupaI", zrIpAla caupaI', "ratnapAla caupaI", "subhadrA caupaI", "chappayabAvanI", "upadeza battIsI" evaM upadeza rasAla battIsI" Adi haiN| 39. jayamalla :--( 1708 I0-1796 I0 ) ye sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke kavi the| inhoMne aneka racanAeM likhIM / inakI 71 racanAe~ "jayavANI" nAma se saMkalita hai| isake atirikta vibhinna bhaNDAroM meM inakI kaI racanAeM haiN| inakI mukhya racanAeM isa prakAra haiN| 1. candana bAlA ko sajjhAya, 2. mRgaloDhA kI kathA, 3. zrImatIjInI DhAla, 4. mallinAtha carita, 5. aMjanAro rAsa, 6. pA~ca pAMDavacarita, 7. kalakalI kI DhAla, 8. naMdana manihAra, 9. krodha kI sajjhAya, 10. Ananda zrAdhaka, 11. solahasatI kI sajjhAya va caupaI, 12. ajitanAtha stavana, 13. durlabha manuSya kI sajjhAya, 14. rAvaNa vibhISaNa saMvAda, 15. ilAyacI putra ko coDhAliyo, 16. nava tattva kI DhAla, 17. navaniyANA kI DhAlo, 18. dAnazIla tapabhAvanA sajjhAya, 19. mithyA upadeza niSedha sajjhAya, 20 laghu sAdhu vaMdanA, 21. vajra purandara cauDhAliyA, 22. kuMDarIka puMDarIka cauDhAliyA, 23. surapitA kA dohA, 24. rohiNI, 25. aMbaDa saMnyAsI, 26. karmaphala pada / 40. kuzalojI :--( 1710 I0-1783 I0 ) inhoMne stavana va upadezI padoM 1. rAjaisA, pR0 219 / 2. vahI, pR0 179 / 3. vahI / 4. vahI / 5. sanmati jJAnapITha AgarA se prakAzita / 6. hastalikhita pratiyA~ vinayacanda jJAna bhaNDAra lAla bhavana jayapura meM /

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 399 ke atirikta "rAjamatI sajjhAya", sAdhugaNa kI sajjhAya", "dazAraNabhadra ko cauDhAliyo ", " dhannAjI DhAla", "nemanAtha jI kA silokA", "vijayaseTha vijaya seThAnI kI sajjhAya", "sItAjI ko AloyaNA" Adi bhI likhIM / ' 41. rAyacaMda : - ( 1739 I0 - 1804 I0 ) inakI 200 se adhika racanAe~ upalabdha haiM / mukhya racanAe~ nimna haiM- " AThakarmoM kI caupaI", "jaMbU svAmI kI sajjhAya', 'naMdana maNihAra kI caupaI", "mallinAtha jo kI caupaI, "mahAvIra jI ko cauDhAliyo", "kamalAvatI kI DhAla", " ekantA RSi kI DhAla", "gautama svAmI ko rAsa", " ASAr3habhUti muni ko paMcaDhAliyo ", " satI narmadA ko caupaI", "kara kaMDu kI caupaI", "devakI rANakI DhAla", metAraja muni caritra", "rAyanami kA paMcaDhAliyA", "rAjA zreNika ro cauDhAliyo ", "lAlibhadra ko SaDhAliyo ", " mahAsatI kI DhAla", "zreyAMsakumAra kI DhAla", "kalAvatI kI caupaI"; caMdana bAlA kI DhAla" Adi / isake alAvA inhoMne kaI paccIsI saMjJaka racanAe~ bhI likhIM, jaise- 'vaya paccIsI", " jobana paccIsI", cittasamAdhi paccIsI", "jJAna paccIsI, "cetana paccIsI", "dIkSA paccIsI", "krodha paccIsI", "mAyA paccIsI", "lobha paccIsI" "niMdaka paccIsI" Adi / "2. 42. cauthamala - inakI mukhya racanAe~ isa prakAra haiM- " jayavaMtI kI DhAla", "jinarikhajinapAla", "seTha sudarzana", "nandanamaNiyAra", "sanatakumAra caur3hAliyA", "mahAbhArata DhAla sAgara", "rAmAyaNa", " zrIpAla caritra", "damaghoSa caupaI", "jambU caritra", "RSideva DhAla", "tAmalI tApasa caritra " Adi / 3 43. durgAdAsa - inakI sphuTa rUpa se pada, sajjhAya, DhAleM Adi prApta haiM / pramukha racanAe~ haiM- " nokarabArI stavana", " pArzvanAtha stavana", "jambUjI kI sajjhAya", " mahAvIra ke teraha abhigraha kI sajjhAya", " gautamarAsa", " RSabhacarita", " upadezAtmaka DhAla", savaiye Adi / 44. AsakaraNa - inakI choTI-bar3I aneka racanAe~ haiM / mukhya haiM- " dasa zrAvakoM kI DhAla", puNyavANI Upara DhAla", "kezI gautama carcA DhAla", "sAdhuguNamAlA", " bharatajI rI riddhi", "namirAyajI saptaDhAliyA" Adi / 5 1. rAjesA, pR0 183 / 2. marudhara kesarI mizrImalajI abhinandana grantha, pR0 420 - 429 / 3. rAjaisA, pR0 184 / 4. devendra muni ke sampAdana meM prakAzita / 5. rAjaisA, pU0 185 /

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400 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 45. harakUbAI-inhoMne 1763 I0 meM "mahAsatI zrI amarU jI kA caritra" kI racanA kii| inhIM kI eka anya racanA "mahAsatI catarU jI sajjhAya" bhI milatI hai| 46. AcArya zrI bhikSu-(1726 I0-1803 I.)-inhoMne zvetAmbara mata meM terApaMtha kI sthApanA kI / inhoMne padya va gadya donoM meM sAhitya sRjana kiyaa| inakI padya kRtiyAM "bhikSa graMtha ratnAkara" meM saMkalita haiM, inakA gadya va padya sAhitya sRjana 38000 zloka parimANa hai| samasta sAhitya tattva vizleSaNAtmaka, zikSAtmaka, AcAra zodhaka, AkhyAnAtmaka, stavanapradhAna evaM anya viSayoM se sambandhita hai| 47. harSakoti-inhoMne 1625 I0 meM "caturgati veli" racanA samApta kii| 1627 I0 meM 'zrepanakriyArAsa" kI racanA kii| anya kRtiyA~ "nemirAjula gIta", "nemIzvara gIta", "moraDA", "karma hiNDolanA", "paMcagati veli" Adi haiN| vyAkaraNa graMthoM meM inhoMne 'sArasvata dIpikA", "dhAtupAta taraMgiNI", "zAradIya nAmamAlA", va "zrutabodha vRddhi" rcii| 48. dilArAma-inakA kAryakSetra bUndI rhaa| inhoMne 1711 I0 meM "dilArAma vilAsa", 1701 I0 meM "vratavidhAna rAsau" tathA 1711 I0 meM "AtmadvAdazI" kI racanA kii| 49. nathamala bilAlA-inhoMne "siddhAntasAra dIpaka" kI racanA bharatapura meM va "bhaktAmara stotra kI bhASA" hiNDona meM 1772 I0 meM likhii| inakI anya racanAeM"jinaguNa vilAsa" 1765 I0, "nAgakumAra caritra" 1777 I0, "jIvaMdhara caritra" 1778 I0, "jambU svAmI carita" tathA "aSTAhnikA kathA" haiM / "guNavilAsa" inakI laghu racanAoM kA saMgraha hai / yaha saMkalana 1765 I0 meM samApta huaa| 50. acala koti-inhoMne 1720 I0 meM "karmabattIsI" rcii| anya racanAe~ "viSApahAra stotra bhASA" evaM "ravivrata kathA" haiN| 1. vahI rAjaisA, pR0 185 / 2. nAhaTA, aitihAsika kAvya saMgraha, pR0 214-15 / 3. rAjaisA, pR0 234-239 / 4. vahI, pR0 209 / 5. vahI, pR0 211 / 6. vahI, pR0 212 / 7. vhii|

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 401 51. pAnasiMha-ye sAMgAnera nivAsI the| inhoMne 1764 I0 meM "ratnakaraMDa zrAvakAcAra tathA 1767 I0 meM "subuddhiprakAza" kI racanA sAMgAnera meM kii| 52. horA-ye bUndI ke nivAsI the| 1791 I0 meM inhoMne 'neminAthabyAhalo" nAmaka gItAtmaka racanA likhI / 53. Tekacandra-ye jayapura nivAsI the, kintu bAda meM mAhipurA meM rahane lge| aba taka inakI 21 racanAe~--''puNyAsravakathAkoSa" 1765 I0, "paMcaparameSThIpUjA", "karmadahanapUjA", "tonalokapUjA" 1771 I0, "sudRSTitaraMgiNI" 1781 I0, "vyasanarAjavarNana" 1770 I0, "paMcakalyANapUjA", "paMcamerupUjA", "adhyAtmabArahakhar3I" evaM "dazAdhyayanasUtraTIkA" Adi haiN| 54. sevArAma pATanI-inhoMne 1767 I0 meM dausA meM "zAntinAthacarita" kI racanA kii| 1793 I0 meM Doga meM rahate hue "mallinAthacarita" ko racanA kii| 55. sevArAma jATa-inhoMne "hanumAnacaritra", "zAntinAthapurANa" va "bhaviSyadattacaritra" kI racanA kii| 56. brahmacandrasAgara-sojata inakA sAhityika kendra thaa| inhoMne 1766 I0 meM sojata meM "zrIpAlacarita" kI racanA kii| inhoMne "paMcaparameSThostuti" bhI racI / 57. bakhtarAma sAha-inhoMne 1770 I0 meM jayapura meM "buddhivilAsa" nAmaka racanA ko, jisameM tatkAlIna samAja, rAja vyavasthA va jayapura nagara nirmANa kA bhI varNana hai| 58. kavi nemIcanda-inhoMne 1714 I0 meM "prItaMkaracaupaI" caritra graMtha kI racanA kii| inako anya racanAe~ "nemIzvararAsa" 1712 I0, 'cetana lUhari", "jIva lUhari", "jIvasamodhana lUhari", "visAlakIti ko dehuro", "jAkhaDI", "kaDAvo", "Asika ko gIta", "nemIsura ko gIta", "padasaMgraha" Adi haiN| 1. rAjaisA, pR0 213 / 2. vhii| 3. vhii| 4. vhii| 5. hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 206 / 6. rAjaisA, pR0 214 / 7. hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 219 / 8. rAjaisA, pR0 218 / 26

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402 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 59. ajayarAja pATagI - inakA kAryakSetra jayapura rahA / inakI 20 racanAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM- "AdipurANa bhASA " 1740 I0, "neminAthacaritra bhASA !" 1678 I0, "kakkA battIsI", "carakhA ca upaI", "cAramitroM kI kathA", "caubIsa tIrthakara pUjA", "caubIsa tIrthaMkara stuti", "jinagIta", "jinajI kI rasoI", " NamokAra siddhi", " nandIzvara pUjA", "paMcameru pUjA'", "pArzvanAtha jI kA sAlehA", " bAlya varNana", "bIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI jayamAla", "yazodhara caupaI", "vandanA", " zAntinAtha jayamAla ", " zivaramaNI vivAha", "vinatI" Adi / ' - 60. dhanapata vijaya -- inhoMne " khumAna rAso" kI racanA kI, jo udayapura ke mahArANAoM ke itihAsa kA varNana karatA hai / 61. khuzAlacandra kAlA --- inako racanAe~ -- "harivaMzapurANa" 1723 I0 "yazodharacaritra", "qgagera", " vratakathA koSa" 1730 I0, "jambUsvAmIcarita", "uttarapurANa", 1742 I0, " sadbhASitAvalI", "dhanyakumAra carita", "varddhamAna purANa" "zAntinAtha purANa" "caubIsa mahArAja pUjA", " jyeSTha jinakathA " 1725 I0 hai / 2 inakI racanAe~ * 62 : kizanasiMha - inakA sAdhanA sthala sAMgAnera rhaa| " NamokAra rAsa" 1703 I0, "caubIsa daNDaka" 1707 I0, "puNyAtrava kathAkoSa" 1716 I0, "bhadrabAhu caritra" 1726 I0, " trepana kriyAkoSa" 1727 I0, "labdhividhAna kathA " 1725 I0, "nirvANakAMDa bhASA" 1726 I0, " catuvizati stuti", " cetana gIta", "cetana lorI", " pada saMgraha" Adi haiM / 3 63. devAbrahma-ye 18vIM zatAbdI ke kavi the / bar3A terApaMthI maMdira, jayapura meM " padasaMgraha " 946 meM inake lagabhaga 72 pada saMgrahIta haiM / 4 64. daulatarAma kAsalIvAla - ye savAI mAdhosiMha ke maMtrI bhI the| inakI rAjasthAnI gadya-padya meM likhI huI 18 kRtiyA~ prApta huI haiM / mukhya padya racanAe~-" jIvaMdhara caritra" 1748 I0, " trepana kriyAkoSa" 1738 I0, "AdhyAtma bArahakhar3I", "vivekavilAsa', 'zreNika carita' 1725 I0, " zrIpAla carita" 1765 I0, "caubIsa daNDaka bhASA", "siMha pUjASTaka", "sAra caubIsI" Adi haiM / " 1. rAjesA, pR0 220 / 2 . vahI / 3. vahI pR0 221 / 4. vahI 1 kAsalIvAla, kastUracanda - mahAkavi daulatarAma kA vyaktitva evaM kRtitva / - dove eng

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 403 65. navala ( 1735. I0-1798 I0 )-ye basavA ke nivAsI the / inakI "dohA paccIsI", 222 pada, "vardhamAna purANa" nAmaka carita graMtha Adi racanAe~ haiN|' anya padya sAhityakAra: ukta kaviyoM ke atirikta vimalakIrti, nayaraMga, jayanidhAna, vAcaka guNaratna, cAritrasiMha, dharmaratna, dharmapramoda, kalyANadeva, vIravijaya, sAraMga, jayasoma, upAdhyAya labdhikallola, sahajakIti, zrIsAra, vinayameru, vAcaka sUracandra Adi kitane hI rAjasthAnI kavi hue haiM / samrATa akabara ke pratibodhaka yugapradhAna jinacaMdra sUri ke aneka ziSya evaM praziSya the, jo rAjasthAnI bhASA ke acche vidvAn the| aise vidvAnoM meM samayapramoda, muniprabha, samayarAja, harSavallabha, dharmakIrti, zrIsundara, jJAnasundara, jIvarAja, jina'siMha sUri, jinarAja sUri Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| 17vIM zatAbdI meM anya kavi labdhiratna, devaratna, mahimAmeru, labdhirAja, kalyANakalaza, padmakumAra, lakhapata Adi hue / 17vIM zatAbdI meM hI tapAgaccha meM meghavijaya, vinayavijaya, yazovijaya evaM kharataragaccha meM dharmavardhana, lakSmIballabha, devacaMdra Adi ullekhanIya haiM / jayaraMga, sumatiraMga, dharmamaMdira, abhayasoma, kuzaladhora, amaravijaya Adi bhI rAjasthAnI bhASA ke kavi the| 17vIM zatAbdI ke hI anya kaviyoM meM bhuvanasena (1644 I0), sumativallabha (1663 I0 ), zrIsoma (1668 I0), kanakanidhAna, matikuzala (1665 I0), rAmacaMdra ( 1554 I0), vinayalAbha (1791 I0), kuzalasAgara (1679 I0), somaharSa (1647 I0), rAjaharSa, rAjasAra, dayAsAra, jinasundara sUri, jinaraMga sUri, vidyAruci, labdhiruni, mAnasAgara, sukhasAgara Adi aneka kabi hue| digambara saMta kaviyoM meM bhaTTAraka zubhacaMdra dvitIya, bhaTTAraka narendrakIti, surendrakIti, guNakIrti, AcArya jinasena, brahmadharmaruci, sumatisAgara, samayasAgara, tribhuvanakIrti, brahmaajita, mahIcaMdra, muni rAjacaMdra, vidyAsAgara, ratnacaMdra dvitIya, vidyAbhUSaNa, jJAnakIrti Adi ne bhI rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kI apUrva sevA kii| (kha) gadya sAhitya : 17vIM zatAbdI :-1600 I0 meM udayasAgara ne udayapura meM 'kSetrasamAsabAlAtrabodha', vimalakoti ne 1605 I0 meM 'AvazyakabAlAvabodha', 'jIvavicAranavatatva-gaMDaka bAlAvabodha', 'jayatihuaNabAlAvabodha', 'dazavakAlika TabbA', 'SaSThIzatakabAlAvabodha', 'upadezamAlA TabbA'; 'pratikramaNa TabbA', 'ikkIsa DhANA TabbA' Adi bhASA 1. rAjaisA, pR0 222 / 2. rAjaisaMta, pR0 165 / 3. vhii|

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404 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma TIkAe~ banAI / zivanidhAna upAdhyAya ne 1623 I0 meM 'laghu saMgrahaNI' aura 'kalpasUtrI bAlAvabodha', 1635 I0 meM sAMgAnera meM 'guNasthAna garbhita jina stavana' nAmaka racanA para bAlAvabodha likhA / inhoMne suprasiddha kAvya 'kRSNa rukmaNI rI veli' para bhI bAlabodha bhASA TIkA banAI / isI kAvya para jayakIrti ne bhI 1629 I0 meM bAlAvabodha likhA / jayakIrti ne 1636 I0 meM jaisalamera ke thArUzAha kI abhyarthanA para 'SaDAvazyaka - bAlAvabodha' bhI likhA / vimalaratna ne 1645 I0 meM 'vIra caritra bAlAvabodha', zrIpAla RSi ne 1607 I0 meM 'dazavaikAlika bAlAvabodha', kanakasundaragaNo ne 1609 I0 meM 'dazakAlika bAlAvabodha' aura 'jAtAdharmasUtra bAlAvabodha' kI racanA kI / romacaMdra sUri ne 'kalpasUtra bAlAvabodha', megharAja ne 'rAjapraznIya samavAyAMga uttarAdhyayana aupapAtika kSetra samAsa bAlAvabodha' aura 'sAdhu samAcArI' kI racanA kI / 1619 I0 meM udayasAgara ne udayapura meM 'kSetrasamAsa bAlAvabodha', rAjacaMdra sUri ne 'dazavaikAlika bAlAvabodha' tathA harSaballabha upAdhyAya ne 1612 I0 meM 'upAsakadazAMga bAlAvabodha' kI racanA kI / sUracaMdra ne 'cAturmAsika vyAkhyAna' 1607 I0 meM, matikIrti ne 'praznottara' 1634 I0 meM jaisalamera meM, kamalalAbha ne 'uttarAdhyayana bAlAvabodha' 1617 I0 aura 1632 I0 ke bIca meM racA / kalyANasAgara ne 'dAnazIla- tapa-bhAva taraMgiNI" kI racanA 1637 I0 meM udayapura meM kii| nayavilAsa ne 'lokanAla bAlAvabodha' kI racanA kI / 2 kuzaladhIra ne 1639 I0 meM pRthvIrAjakRta ' kRSNa rUkmaNI rI veli' para bAlAvabodha aura 1668 I0 meM 'rasika priyA' para bAlAvabodha jodhapura meM nibaddha kiyA / jinaharSa ne lakSAdhika padya racanAoM ke atirikta gadya meM 'dIvAlI kalpa bAlAvabodha', 'snAtrapaMcAzikA', 'jJAna paMcamI' aura 'mauna ekAdazI parva kathA bAlAvabodha' kI racanA kI / 1679 I0 meM saguNacaMdra ne 'dhyAnazataka bAlAvabodha' kI racanA jaisalamera meM kI lAbhavardhana ne 'cANakya nIti' aura 'subhASita' grantha para TabbA likhA / 1674 I0 meM paMDita ratnarAja ke ziSya ratnajaya dvArA chaTheM 'aMgasUtra' para TabbA likhA huA milatA hai / inhoMne 'kalpasUtra' aura saMskRta vaidyaka grantha 'yoga citAmaNi' para bAlAvabodha tathA 'saptasmaraNa TabbA' bhI likhA / 1693 I0 meM upAdhyAya lakSmIballabha ne bIkAnera ke mahArAjA pRthvIrAja ke suprasiddha kAvya 'pRthvIrAja veli' para TIkA likhI / kamala harSa ke ziSya vidyA vilAsa ne 1671 I0 meM 'kalpasUtra bAlAvabodha' kI racanA kI / abhayakuzala ne 'bhatRhari zataka bAlAvabodha' kI racanA 1698 I0 meM kI / jJAnacaMdra ke ziSya 1. rAjaisA, pR0 226-232 / 2 . vahI /

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 405 zrIdeva ne jaina bhUgola saMbaMdhI prAkRta grantha 'kSetra samAsa bAlAvabodha' kI racanA kI / rAjasoma ko 'mithyA duSkRta bAlAvabodha' kI 1652 I0 kI prati bhI prApta hai / 1662 I0 meM jJAna nidhAna ne 'vicAra chattIso' gadya grantha likhA / ' ___ akhayarAja zrImAla ne isI zatAbdI meM 'caturdazaguNa sthAna carcA', viSApahAra, stotra vacanikA, 'kalyANa maMdira stotra bhASA vacanikA', 'bhaktAmara stotra bhASA vacanikA' va 'bhUpAla caubIsI bhASA vacanikA' ko racanA kI / pAMDe hemarAja ne 'pravacanasAra bhASA' 1642 I0 'paMcAstikAya', 'nayacakra', 'gommaTasAra karmakAMDa' Adi para bAlAvavodha va TIkAe~ rcii|| 18vIM zatAbdI-lakSmIvinaya ne saMskRta ke jyotiSa grantha 'bhuvanadIpaka' para 1710 I0 meM bAlAvabodha bhASA TIkA likhii| upAdhyAya devacandra ne mAroTha kI zrAvikA ke liye 1719 I0 meM 'Agama sAra' grantha likhaa| inhoMne 'nayacakrasAra bAlAvabodha', 'guNasthAna zataka', 'karmagrantha bAlAvabodha', 'vicAra sAra TabbA', 'guru guNa SaTtriMzikA TabbA' aura 'vicAra ratnasAra' praznottara grantha gadya meM vivecita kiye / inhoMne anya kaI aura gadya racanAe~ bhI kI / rAmavijaya ne kaI prAkRta, saMskRta granthoM ko gadya racanAe~ likhakara sarvasAdhAraNa ke liye sugama bnaayaa| 1731 I0 meM inhoMne "bhartRhari zataka traya bAlAvabodha' va 1734 I0 meM 'amarU zataka bAlAvabodha' kI racanA kii| 1735 I0 meM inhoMne 'laghustava' nAmaka daivIya stuti kI bhASA TIkA bnaaii| isake atirikta kaI stotroM para Tabbe va bhASA TIkA likhiiN| ye bahuta bar3e gadya lekhaka the| jayacanda ne 1719 I0 meM kucerA meM 'mAtAjI kI vacanikA' kI racanA kii| pAzrcacandra gacchIya rAmacaMdra ne 'dravyasaMgraha bAlAvabodha' kI racanA kii| kharataragacchIya 'padmacandra ke 'navatatva kA bAlAvabodha' 1709 I0 meM banAyA / sabhAcandra ne 1710 I0 meM 'jJAnasukhar3I' kI racanA kii| ratnadhIra ne 'bhuvanadIpaka' nAmaka jyotiSa graMtha kA 1749 I0 meM vAlAvabodha racA / cainasukha ne 1763 I0 meM vaidyaka grantha 'zata zlokI vaidya jIvana' aura pathyApathya' para TabbA likhA / kavi rUghapati ne 1756 I0 me 'churiyara bAlAvabodha' rcaa| upAdhyAya kSamA kalyANa ne 'praznottara sAhityika zataka bhASA' 1796 I0 meM bIkAnera meM aura 'aMbaDa caritra' 1797 I0 meM rcaa| AcArya bhikSu ( bhokhaNa ) ne kaI gadya racanAe~ nibaddha kI, jinameM se pramukha '306 bolA ro huMDo', '181 bolAM rI huMDI', 'jogA rI caracA', 'jinAjJA ro caracA', 1. rAjaisA, pR0 226-232 / 2. vhii| 3. vhii| 4. vhii|

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406 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 'khulI caracA', 'Asava saMvara rI caracA', 'kAlavAdI rI caracA', 'indriyavAdI kI caracA', 'dravya jIva bhAva rI caracA', 'nikSepAM rI caracA', 'TIkama DosI rI caracA', 'pA~cabhAva rI caracA', 'pA~ca bhAva ro thokar3o' ( 2 bhAga ), 'ATha AtmA ro thokar3o', 'bhikkhu piricchA', 'teraha dvAra', 'likhata ' Adi / daulatarAma kAsalIvAla ne " puNyAsrava kathA koSa' 1720 I0, 'Adi purANa' 1766 I0, 'padmapurANa' 1766 I0, 'puruSArtha siddhayupAya' 1770 I0, 'harivaMza purANa' 1772 I0, 'paramAtma prakAza' va " sArasamuccaya' rAjasthAnI gadya meM race / 2 dIpacanda kAsalIvAla ne 'anubhava prakAza ' 1724 I0, 'cidvilAsa' 1722 I0, 'AtmAvalokana' 1717 I0, 'paramAtma prakAza', 'jJAnadarpaNa', 'upadeza ratnamAlA' aura 'svarUpAnanda' gadya meM nibaddha kiye / mahApaNDita ToDaramala 1750 I0 ke AsapAsa jayapura meM hue / inhoMne rAjasthAnI bhASA meM kaI. TIkA grantha race / jinameM mukhya 'gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa', 'gommaTasAra karmakAMDa', 'labdhisAra', 'kSapaNAsAra', 'trilokasAra', 'mokSamArga prakAzaka', 'AtmAnuzAsana', 'puruSArtha - siddhayupAya' evaM 'rahasya ciTThI' Adi haiM / * (5) hindI gadya-padya sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra: prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza aura rAjasthAnI ke samAna hindI bhASA meM bhI rAjasthAna ke jaina sAhityakAra avicchinna rUpa se sAhitya sarjana karate rahe / isa sandarbha meM sAdhusAdhviyoM aura zrAvakoM, sabhI kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rhaa| mugala sAmrAjya ke samaya se rAjasthAna meM hindI kA pracAra bddh'aa| hindI jaina kavi 16vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha se hI adhika milate haiM / abhivyakti ke mAdhyama kI dRSTi se gadya va padya kI vibhinna vidhAoM meM vipula sAhitya sRjana huA / isase pUrva kI sArI racanAe~ rAjasthAnI bhASA kI hI mAnI jA sakatI haiM / 18vIM zatAbdI taka ke katipaya pramukha hindI sAhityakAroM kA varNana isa prakAra hai 1. kavi mAladeva - ye bar3agaccha kI bhaTanera zAkhA ke AcArya bhAvadevasUri ke ziSya the | bhaTanera va bIkAnera kSetra inakA kAryasthala rahA / inakA racanAkAla 1555 I0 se 1611 I0 rahA / inakI aba taka 30-40 racanAe~ hI upalabdha haiM / inakI bhASA hindI, rAjasthAnI mizrita thI / mukhya racanAe~ isa prakAra haiM- 'vIrAMgada caupaI' 1555 I0, 'bhaviSya bhaviSyA caupaI' 1611 I0, 'vikrama caupaI', paMcapura meM racita 'bhoja caupaI', 1. devakoThArI, rAjesA, pU0 234-239 / 2. rAjaisA, pu0 222 / 3. vahI / 4. vahI /

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 407 'amarasena vayarasena caupaI', 'kIrtidhara sukauzala muni sambandha', 'sthUlabhadra dhamAla', 'rAjulanemi dhamAla', 'neminAtha navabhava rAsa', 'devadatta caupaI', 'dhanadeva padmaratha caupaI', 'aMjanA sundarI caupaI', 'narmadA sundarI caupaI', 'purandara caupaI', 'padmAvatI padmazrI - rAsa', 'mRgAMka padmAvatI rAsa' 'mAla zikSA caupaI', 'zIlabAvanI', 'satya kI caupaI', 'surasundara rAjarSi copaI' 'mahAvIra pAraNA' aura kaI stavana sajjhAya, pada Adi inake dvArA viracita haiM / " 2. mahopAdhyAya samayasundara -- ye rAjasthAna ke bahuta vidvAn jainAcArya va sAhityakAra huye haiM / inhoMne vividha bhASAoM meM asaMkhya gadya-padya racanAe~ rciiN| inakI kaI racanAe~ hindI meM bhI haiM, jina para spaSTa rUpa se rAjasthAnI bhASA kA prabhAva hai / 1601 I0 meM inhoMne 'caubIsI' kI racanA kI / 'dhrupada battIsI' aura kaI hindI pada bhI inhoMne sRjita kiye // 2 3. jinarAjasUri - ye akabara pratibodhaka yugapradhAna jinacandrasUri ke praziSya the / ye apane samaya ke udbhaTa vidvAn evaM kavi the / inhoMne 'naiSadhakAvya' para 36000 zloka pramANa TIkA banAI / 1629 I0 meM ye zAhajahA~ se mile the / 'zAlibhadra caupaI' inakI . sarvAdhika prasiddha racanA hai / anya racanAoM kA saMgraha bhI 'jinarAjasUri kRti saMgraha'. meM prakAzita hai / inhoMne hindI meM bahuta se sundara padoM kI bhI racanA kI / * 4. kavi vAmau --ye aMcalagacchIya vAcaka udayasAgara ke ziSya the / 1612 I0 meM inake pUrva racita grantha ' inhoMne jAlaura meM 'madananarida caupaI' kI racanA kI, jisameM 'madanazataka' kA bhI ullekha hai / 'madanazataka' hindI bhASA kA inakI isa prati meM ATha citra bhI haiM / sundara premakAvya hai / 4 5. kavi kuzalalAbha - ye kharataragacchIya vAcaka abhayadharma ke ziSya the / 'DholAare sopa' inakI bahuta hI prasiddha racanA hai / 'sthUlibhadra chattIsI' inakI pramukha hindI racanA hai / 6. bhadrasena -- kharataragaccha ke isa kavi kA nAmollekha 1618 I0 ke zatruMjaya. zilAlekha meM pAyA jAtA hai / inakI prasiddha racanA 'caMdana malayAgiri caupaI' vikramapura, 1. rAjaisA, pR0 269 / 2. vahI, pR0 270 / 3. vahI, pR0 271 / 4. bhAratIya sAhitya, julAI - akTUbara, 1962 / 5. rAjaisA, pR0 272 /

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408 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma bIkAnera meM racI gaI thI / yaha racanA bahuta lokapriya rahI hai aura isakI kaI sacitra pratiyA~ bhI prApta haiM / 7. mAnasiMha mAna - - ye kharataragaccha ke upAdhyAya zivanidhAna ke ziSya va sukavi the / 1613 I0 se 1636 I0 ke madhya racita inakI kaI kRtiyA~ prApta haiM, jisameM rAjasthAnI racanAe~ adhika haiM / hindI kI inakI 3 racanAe~ prApta huI haiM-- 'yoga bAvanI', 'utpatti nAmA' aura 'bhASA kavirasa maMjarI' / zRMgAra rasa va nAyaka-nAyikA varNana vAlI yaha 107 padya kI racanA hai / 8. udayarAja - kharataragacchIya bhadrasAra ke ziSya udayarAja hindI ke acche kavi the / inakI racanAe~ 1610 I0 se 1619 I0 taka kI prApta haiM / inhoMne lagabhaga 500 dohe bhI race / hindI racanAoM meM 'vaidya virahiNI prabandha' 78 padyoM meM hai / 3 9. zrIsAra- ye kharataragacchIya somakIrti zAkhA ke ratnaharSa ke ziSya the / inakA racanA kAla 17vIM zatAbdI kA madhyakAla hai / ye acche kavi aura gadyakAra the| hindI meM inakA kevala 'raghunAtha - vinoda' nAmaka grantha, (apUrNa) hI prApta hai / 10. kavi kezava - ye kharataragacchIya dayAratna ke ziSya the / inhoMne 1640 I0 meM 'sadaivaccha sAvaliMgA caupaI' kI racanA kI / 'caturapriyA' nAmaka nAyaka-nAyikA bheda kI racanA 2 ullAsoM meM prApta hai / isakI racanA 1647 I0 meM pUrNa huI / inhoMne 'janma prakAzikA' nAmaka jyotiSa graMtha mer3atA ke saMghapati rAjasiMha, amIpAla, vIrapAla ke liye 276 dohoM meM racA / isI taraha inakI 3 anya racanAe~ 'bhramara battIsI', 'dIpaka battIsI' aura 'prIta chattIsI' dohA chaMda meM racita prApta haiM / " 11. kavi jasarAja ( jinaharSa ) - ye kharataragacchIya zAntiharSa ke ziSya the / ye rAjasthAnI bhASA ke bahuta bar3e kavi the / inhoMne hindI meM 1657 I0 meM "nanda bahottarI " kI racanA volhAvAsa meM kI / 'jasarAja bAvanI' kI kRti 1681 meM racI / 1673 I0 meM 'dohA bAvanI' kI racanA kI / 'upadeza chattIsI' kI racanA inhoMne 36 savaiyA chandoM meM 1656 I0 meM kii| isake atirikta caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke 'caubIsa pada', 'bArahamAsA dvaya', 'panaraha tithi kA savaiyA' Adi hindI racanAeM prakAzita bhI ho cukI haiN| 1. rAjaisA, pR0 272 // 2 . vahI / 3. vahI / 4. vahI, pR0 273 // 5. vaho / 6. vahI, pR0 274 //

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 409 12. AnaMSana-inakA mUlanAma lAbhAnaMda thaa| ye bar3e adhyAtmayogI puruSa the| inakI 'caubIsI' aura 'pada bahattarI' kRtiyA~ bahuta prasiddha haiN| 13. AnaMdavarddhana-ye kharataragacchoya mahimAsAgara ke ziSya the| inakI 1645 I0 se 1669 I0 taka kI racanAe~ prApta hai| inhoMne 'bhaktAmara stotra' va 'kalyANa mandira stotra' kA hindo padyAnuvAda kiyA hai / / 14. mahimasamudra ( jinasamudrasUri )-ye kharataragaccha kI begar3a zAkhA ke AcArya "jinacandra sUri ke ziSya the / hindI meM bhI inhoMne kaI ullekhanIya racanAyeM kiiN| inhoMne bhartRhari ke vairAgya zataka' para 'sarvArthasiddhi maNimAlA' nAmaka vistRta TokA kI, jo 1683 I0 meM pUrNa huI / svataMtra kRtiyoM meM 'tatvaprabodha' nATaka 1673 I0 meM 'jaisalamera meM racA / anya racanAe~ 'neminAtha bArahamAsA', 'nArI gajala', 'vaidya ciMtAmaNi' Adi sphuTa kRtiyA~ haiM / 15. lakSmIvallabha-ye kharataragacchIya lakSmIkoti ke ziSya the| saMskRta, rAjasthAnI va hindI tInoM bhASAoM meM inhoMne bahuta-sI racanAyeM kii| hindI racanAoM meM vaidyaka sambandhI 2 racanAe~ haiM-'mUtra parIkSA' aura 'kAla jJAna' 1684 I0 / inakI anya hindI racanAe~ 'dahA bAvanI', 'duhA', 'hemarAja bAvanI', 'caubIsa stavana', "navatatva bhASA baMdha' 1690 I0, 'bhAvanA vilAsa' 1670 I0, 'nemi rAjula bAraha-mAsA' Adi haiN| 16. dharmasI (dharmavaddhana)-ye kharataragacchIya vijayaharSa ke ziSya the| inhoMne 'hindI meM bahuta-sI utkRSTa racanAe~ kiiN| ye bIkAnera ke rAjamAnya kavi the| inakI 'hindI racanAoM meM 'dharma bAvanI' 1662 I0, 'baMbhakriyA caupaI' 1673 I0 ke atirikta 'caubIsa jina pada', 'caubIsa jina savaiyA', 'nemi rAjula bArahamAsA' evaM kucha prabodhaka pada bhI haiN| 17. vinayacaMdra-ye kharataragacchIya upAdhyAya jJAnatilaka ke ziSya the| inakI 'prApta racanAoM kA saMgraha 'vinacandra kRti kusumAMjali' ke nAma se prakAzita hai| 'nemi rAjamatI bArahamAsA' aura 'nemi rAjula sajjhAya' ye donoM sundara hindI racanAyeM haiN| 1. rAjaisA, pR0 274 / 2. vahI / 3. vahI, pR0 275 / 4. vhii| 5. vahI, pR0 276 /

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410 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma inakI saMvatollekha vAlI racanAe~ 1695 I0 se 1698 I0 taka kI upalabdha hotI haiN| 18. udayacaMda matheNa-kharataragacchIya jaina yati-AcAra kA pUrNatayA pAlana na kara sakane vAloM kI alaga se matheNa jAti bana gii| inhoMne bIkAnera ke rAjA anupasiMha ke liye nAyaka-nAyikA aura alaMkAra varNana vAlA 'anUpa rasAla' nAmaka kAvyA 1661 I0 meM rcaa| inhoMne 'bIkAnera kI gajala' 1708 I0 meM mahArAjA sujAna siMha ke samaya meM likhI / 3 19. jinaraMga sUri-ye kharataragacchIya jinarAja sUri ke paTTadhara the| inhoMne rAjasthAnI bhASA ke sAtha-sAtha hindI meM 'jinaraMga bahottarI' aura 'Atma prabodha bAvanI' (1674 I0) rcii| 20. vinayalAbha-ye kharataragacchIya vinayapramoda ke ziSya the| inhoMne 'bhartRhari zataka traya' kA padyAnuvAda 'bhASAbhUSaNa' nAma se kiyaa| inhoMne "bAvanI' bhI likhii| racanAoM meM inakA nAma bAlacaMda bhI prApta hotA hai / . 21. kesavadAsa-ye kharataragacchIya lAvaNya ratna ke ziSya the| inhoMne hindI meM 'kesava bAvanI' 1679 I0 meM aura 'nemirAjula bArahamAsA' 1677 I0 meM nibaddha kiyA / inakA eka aura bArahamAsA bhI milatA hai, para isameM guru kA nAmollekha nahIM, hai / kesava nAma ke kaI muni hone se isake kartA kA nirNaya karanA sambhava nahIM hai / 22. khetala-ye kharataragacchIya dayAvallabha ke ziSya the| inakA racanAkAla 1686 I0 se 1700 I0 rhaa| hindI racanAoM meM cittaur3a kI gajala' (1691 I0) aura 'udayapura kI gajala' (1700 I0) prApta haiN| 23. mAnakavi prathama-ye vijayagacchIya the aura inhoMne udayapura ke mahArANA rAjasiha saMbaMdhI 'rAjavilAsa' nAmaka aitihAsika kAvya likhA, jisameM 1650 I0 taka kI ghaTanAoM kA varNana hai / isako 1689 I0 kI hastalikhita pAMDulipi udayapura meM prApta hai / 'bihArI satasaI TokA' bhI inakI anya ullekhanIya racanA hai|' 1. rAjaisA, pR0 276 / 2. ekamAtra prati anUpa saMskRta lAibrerI, bIkAnera meN| 3. vijJapti patroM meM kiyA jAne vAlA nagara varNana 17vIM zatAbdI meM gajala kahalAtA thaa| 4. rAjaisA, pR0 277 / 5. vahI / 6. vhii| 7. vhii| 8. vhii|

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 411 24. mAnakavi dvitIya-ye kharataragacchIya vAcaka sumati meru ke ziSya the / inhoMne 1716 I0 meM 'saMyoga dvAtriMzikA' nAmaka 73 padyoM kI zRMgArika racanA likhI / anya do racanAe~ vaidyaka sambandhI mahattvapUrNa kRtiyAM haiN| pahalI 1688 I0 meM lAhaura meM 'kavi vinoda' 7 khaNDa meM racI gaI aura dUsarI 1689 I0 meM 'kavi pramoda' racI gaI / donoM hI racanAoM meM inhoMne svayaM ko bIkAnera nivAsI batAyA hai / 25. kavi lAlacaMda-ye zAMtiharSa ke ziSya aura jinaharSa kavi ke gurubhrAtA the| inakA dIkSA nAma lAbhavardhana thaa| inakI hindI racanAoM meM 1679 I0 meM bIkAnera meM racita 'lIlAvatI gaNita', 1704 I0 meM racita "aMka prastAra' Adi gaNita viSayaka racanAe~ haiN| inakI hI 'svarodaya bhASA' aura 'zakunadIpikA caupaI' bhI acchI kRtiyA~ haiN| 26. jozIrAya matheNa-ye bIkAnera ke mahArAjA anupasiMha dvArA sammAnita the / inhoMne hindI meM 1710 I0 se 1712 I0 ke madhya meM mahArAjA sujAnasiMha sambandhI 'barasalapura gar3ha vijaya' kI racanA kI thii| jogIvAsa matheNa-ye jozIrAya matheNa ke putra the / inhoMne 1735 I0 meM 'vaidyaka sAra' nAmaka hindI padya grantha racA / 28. nayana siMha-ye kharataragaccha ke pAThaka jasazIla ke ziSya the| inhoMne 1729, I0 meM bIkAnera rAjavaMza ke rAjA Ananda siMha ke liye 'bhartRhari zataka traya bhASA' kI racanA kI thI / isaliye isa racanA kA 'AnandabhUSaNa' yA 'AnaMda pramoda' nAma rakhA gayA hai| 29. devacaMdra-ye kharataragacchIya dIpacandra ke ziSya the| inakA dIkSA nAma rAjavimala thaa| inhoMne bIkAnera meM 1706 I0 meM 'dravyaprakAza' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kii| 30. rUpacaMdra ( rAmavijaya )-ye kharataragacchIya upAdhyAya dayAsiMha ke ziSya the| inhoMne 1715 I0 meM 'jinasukha sUri majalasa' kI racanA kii| 1741 I0 meM dUsarI racanA 'laghustava TabbA' rcaa|' 1. rAjaisA, pR. 278 / 2. vahI, pR0 279 / 3. vahI / 4. vhii| 5. vhii| 6. vhii| 7. vhii|

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412 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 31. dIpacaMda-ye kharataragaccha se sambandhita the / inhoMne hindI meM 'bAlataMtra kI bhASA vacanikA' likhii|' 32. amaravijaya-ye kharataragacchIya udayatilaka ke ziSya the| inakI hindI racanA "akSara battIsI' hai| 33. raghupati-ye kharataragacchIya vidyAnidhAna ke ziSya the| inakA racanAkAla 1730 I0 se 1782 I0 taka thA / hindI meM inhoMne 'jainasAra bAvanI' tathA 'bhojana'vidhi' nAmaka racanAe~ racoM / 'jainasAra bAvanI' kI racanA 1745 I0 meM nApAsara meM 34. vinayabhakti-ye kharataragacchIya vAcaka bhaktibhadra ke ziSya the| inakI pahalI hindI racanA 'jinalAbha sUri davAvata' hai / sambhavataH isa kRti kA racanAkAla 1747 I0 se 1777 I0 ke madhya thA / inakI dUsarI racanA 1765 I0 jaisalamera meM 'anyokti bAvanI' likhI gii| 35. kSamAkalyANa-ye kharataragacchoya vAcaka amRtadharma ke ziSya the / inakA racanAkAla 1769 I0 se 1816 I0 rahA / baMgAla, bihAra Adi meM bhI vihAra karane ke kAraNa inakI racanAoM para hindI kA acchA prabhAva hai / inhoMne apabhraza ke 'jayatihuNa stotra' kA hindI padyAnuvAda kiyA / isake atirikta inhoMne 'caturmAlikA holi parva kathA', 'akSayatRtIyA kathA', 'hitazikSA dvitrizikA', 'aMbadra caritra' Adi kI bhI racanA kii| 36. zivacaMdra-ye kharataragacchIya puNyazIla ke praziSya aura samayasundara ke ziSya the| inhoMne 1794 I0 meM jaisalamera meM vahAM ke rAvala mUlarAja kI prazaMsA meM 'samudrabaddha kAvya vacanikA' kI racanA kI / isake atirikta inhoMne 2 pUjAyeM bhI rcii| 37. kalyANa kavi-ye kharataragaccha ke the| inhoMne 1765 meM 'jaisalamera gajala', 1781 I0 meM 'giranAra gajala' aura 1807 I0 meM 'siddhAcala gajala'-ye tIna nagara varNanAtmaka gajaleM bnaaii| 1. rAjaisA, pR0 279 / 2, vahI, pR0 280 / 3. vhii| 4. vahI / 5. vhii| 6. vhii| 7. vahI, pR0 281 /

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 413 38. jJAnasAra--ye kharataragacchIya ratnarAja gaNI ke ziSya evaM rAjyamAnya vidvAn the| inhoMne 1799 I0 meM jayapura meM 'kAmoddIpana' kI racanA kii| 39. paM0 ToDaramala :-ye jayapura ke nivAsI, apratima vidvAn va khyAti prApta lekhaka the / 28 varSa kI alpAyu meM hI inakA nidhana ho gyaa| 15 varSa kI Ayu meM hI inhoMne multAna ke zrAvakoM ko kucha jaTila praznoM kA uttara dete hue, AdhyAtmika vicAroM se pUrNa eka patra likhA thA / 'artha saMdRSTi adhikAra' inake dvArA racita gaNita kI uccakoTi kI kRti hai| inhoMne 'AtmAnuzAsana', 'puruSArtha siddhayupAya' evaM 'mokSamArga prakAzaka' nAmaka mahattvapUrNa kRtiyoM kI racanA prArambha kI, kintu antima do racanAoM ko ve pUrNa nahIM kara paaye| racanAoM kI bhASA meM braja, rAjasthAnI va hindI kA mizrita rUpa dekhane ko milatA hai| 'puruSArtha siddhayupAya' para vyAkhyA daulatarAma ne pUrNa kara dI thI, kintu 'AtmAnuzAsana' para kArya apUrNa hI rahA / 40. vijayakIti :-inakA sambandha svarNagirI kI bhaTTAraka paramparA se rahA hai| kavi ne apanI racanAoM meM svaparicaya ke prati upekSA bhAva rakhA hai| ye ajamera aura nAgaura se sambandhita rhe| adyAvadhi, vijayakIti praNIta nimna kRtiyoM kA patA lagA hai-'zreNika caritra' 1770 I0, 'vijaya daNDaka' .1772 I0, 'karaNAmRta purANa' 1769 I0. 'caMpaka zreSThi vratodyApana sarasvatI kalpa', 'nimicaMdra jIvana', 'gajasukumAla caritra' evaM sphuTa pada / 41. padamanAbha kAyastha :-ye bUndI nivAsI the| inhoMne 1664 I0 meM 'yazodhara' caupaI baMdha kathA' kI racanA kii| 42. bakhtArAma :-1743 I0 meM inake dvArA 'dharmabuddhi kathA' nAmaka kahAnI likhI gii| 43. lakhaNa :-1718 I0 meM inhoMne koTA ke nikaTa bilAsapura meM 'jinadatta caritra' kI racanA kii| 44. vijayanAtha :-ToDAnagara nivAsI ina kavi ne 'varddhamAna purANa' kA hindI meM: anuvAda kiyaa| 1. rAjaisA, pR0 281 / 2. kAsalIvAla, rAjaisA, pR0 285-305 / 3. vaho / 4. vhii| 5. vhii| 6. vhii| 7. vhii|

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414 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 45. lAlacaMda sAMgAneriyA :-inhoMne 'vArAMga carita', 'vimala purANa' Adi kI racanA kii| 46. paMDita zivajI lAla :-ye jayapura ke prasiddha vidvAn the| inhoMne 1761 I0 meM 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA TIkA' kI racanA kii| inake dvArA racita bhASA vacanikAe~, jaise .. 'ratnAkarAnaMda', 'carcA saMgraha', bodhasAra', 'darzanasAra', 'AdhyAtma taraMgiNI' Adi bhI upalabdha haiN| inakI kRti 'terApaMtha khaNDana' se jainamata meM terApaMtha kI utpatti viSayaka jAnakArI milatI hai !2 47. jayacaMda chAbar3A:-inhoMne saMskRta kRtiyoM kA hindI meM anuvAda kiyaa| ye "devAgamastotra bhASA', 'bhaktAmara stotra bhASA' Adi padoM ke bhI lekhaka the / 48. paM0 dIpacaMda sAha :-ye sAMgAnera nivAsI the, kintu bAda meM Amera cale gaye / inakI racanAe~ 'anubhava prakAza', 'cidvilAsa', 'AtmAvalokana', 'paramAtmapurANa', "upadeza ratnamAlA', 'jJAnadarpaNa', 'svarUpAnaMda' aura 'bhAva dIpikA' Adi haiM / adhikAMza racanAe~ hindI gadya meM haiN| 49. kuzalacaMdra kAlA :-inhoMne kaI purANoM va caritroM para vacanikAe~ likhiiN| 1739 I0 meM inhoMne sakalakIrti kI racanA para hindI meM 'subhASita' nAmaka kAvya likhA / " 50.50 daulatarAma :-inhoMne 1720 I0 meM pAMDe jinadAsa ko kRti 'puNyAsava' para hindI meM eka vacanikA likhii| 1738 I0 meM udayapura meM "kriyA koSabhASA' kI - racanA kI tathA 'catura citAraNI' kI racanA bhI udapura meM hI ko| 51. paM0 devIdAsa goSA :-ye jayapura ke nikaTa basavA ke nivAsI the| inhoMne .1787 I0 meM bhilasA meM narendra sena kI saMskRta kRti 'siddhAMtasAra saMgraha' para hindI meM eka vanikA likhii| ye 'carcAgrantha', 'cidvilAsa' aura 'pravacanasAra' ke bhI lekhaka haiN|" 1. vIravANI, 1, pR0 155 / 2. jaisAaui, pR0 34-35 / 3. rAjezAgrasU, pR0 407-8 / 4. ane0, 13, aM0 4,5,7 / 5. vIravANI, 1, pR0 48 / 6. vahI, 2, pR0 30 / 07. vahI, 6, pR086 /

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra: 415 52. rAjamala : - inhoMne 'samayasAra kalaza' nAmaka saMskRta grantha para hindI gadya maiM eka pustaka likhI / ' 53. paM0 akhayarAja zrImAla : - inhoMne 17vIM zatAbdI meM 'viSApahAra stotra' para hindI gadya meM vyAkhyA tathA 'caturdaza guNasthAna carcA' hindI gadya meM hI jayapura -meM racI | 2 54. jIvarAja : - inhoMne 1807 I0 meM bIkAnera meM 'mauna ekAdazI kathA' likhI 13 55. kizana siMha : - inhoMne 'rAtri bhojana kathA' kI racanA kI / 4 56. brahmarAyamala :- inhoMne hindI meM 'chaMdazAstra' va 'piMgala' kI racanA kI / 5 57. bhagavatI dAsa : - inhoMne 17vIM zatAbdI meM 20 se bhI adhika hindI kRtiyA~ sRjita kiiN| niSkarSa evaM samAlocanA : (1) jaina sAhityakAroM ke liye sAhitya trizuddha kalA ko vastu nahIM, apitu dhArmika AcAra kI pavitratA aura sAdhanA kA eka aMga bana kara rahA / ataH abhivyakti meM saralatA, subodhatA aura sahajatA kA hamezA Agraha rahA / jainAcAryoM kI prazaMsanIya vizeSatA yaha rahI ki ve hamezA janapadIya bhASAoM ko apanI abhivyakti kA mAdhyama banAte rahe / lokonnayana mukhya uddezya hone ke kAraNa bhI, rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya - sadaiva pracalita loka bhASA meM hI racA jAtA rahA / (2) bhASA ke svarUpa kA parivartana krama vibhinna kAloM meM racita sAhitya se spaSTa ho jAtA hai / pUrva madhyakAla meM prAkRta sAhitya sarvAdhika racA gayA / 10vIM zatAbdI se lokabhASA meM apabhraMza kA svarUpa vikasita hone se, jaina sAhitya isa mAdhyama meM bhI nibaddha kiyA gayA / pAMDitya, vidvattA evaM sAhityika abhivyakti ke kSetra meM saMskRta deza meM sarvatra lokapriya thI, ataH 8vIM se 12vIM zatAbdI ke madhya jaina saMskRta sAhitya bhI vipula parimANa meM sRjita huA / apabhraMza se kAlakrama meM vibhinna sthAnIya va prAdezika bhASAe~ vikasita hone lagIM, jisakA spaSTa pratibimba 12vIM zatAbdI meM sRjita rAjasthAnI 1. vIravANI, 1, pR0 7 / 2. vahI, 3, pR0 9 / 3. rAbhA, 3, kra0 2 // 4. hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 219 / 5. ane0, 4, kra0 2 //

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416 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma bhASA kI racanAoM meM dekhane ko milatA hai / hindI kA svarUpa to isa kAla meM vikasita bhI nahIM huA thaa| (3) 13vIM se 16vIM zatAbdI ke madhya sAhitya sRjana meM prAkRta kI lokapriyatA meM kamI va apabhraMza kI lokapriyatA meM kucha vRddhi kI gati dekhane ko milatI hai, kintu saMskRta bhASA jaina vidvAnoM meM yathAvat, sAhitya va pAMDitya pradarzana kI bhASA banI rahI, jisakA pramANa vipula mAtrA meM vibhinna sAhityakAroM dvArA sRjita jaina sAhitya hai| rAjasthAnI bhASA kA svarUpa vikasita ho cukane ke kAraNa isameM sabhI prakAra kA gadya va padya sAhitya racA gyaa| mugala kAla meM hindI zabda astitva meM AyA aura dhIre-dhIre khar3I bolI kA prabhAva sAhitya para dikhAI dene lgaa| (4) uttara madhyakAla meM prAkRta evaM apabhraMza bhASAe~ jaina sAhitya sRjana kI paridhi ke lagabhaga bAhara ho gaI, kintu saMskRta ko lokapriyatA meM koI kamI nahIM aaii| khar3I bolI kA vikAsa ho jAne se rAjasthAnI bhASA ke sAtha-sAtha hindI meM sAhitya sRjana kI pravRtti tIvratara huI / 17vIM va 18vIM zatAbdI meM vipula mAtrA meM hindI bhASA meM gadyapadya sAhitya sRjita huaa| (5) rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kI vizAlatA kA anumAna isI se lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki yahAM ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM meM lagabhaga 3 lAkha hastalikhita pAMDulipiyA~, tAr3apatroM evaM kAgajoM para nibaddha, surakSita haiM / (6) taTastha vRtti aura udAra dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa jIvana ke nAnAvidha pakSoM ko sparza karanevAlA jaina sAhitya, kevala bhAvanA ke stara para hI nirmita nahIM huA hai / jJAna, cetanA ke stara para dharmetara viSayoM se saMbaddha racanAe~ bhI vipula parimANa meM hai| Agama sAhitya ke atirikta, Agametara sAhitya meM prabaMdha, vyAkaraNa, jyotiSa, vaidyaka, maMtra-taMtra, itihAsa, bhUgola, darzana, nyAya, rAjanIti, Adi vAMgamaya ke vibhinna aMgoM para adhikArapUrvaka sAhitya racA gayA / (7) apane pravacanoM ko rocaka va sarasa banAye rakhane ke lie, jainAcArya nirantara kathA kAvya evaM carita kAvya sRjita karate rahe / zrAvakoM meM svAdhyAya va adhyayana ke krama ko anavarata banAye rakhane ke liye, naye-naye granthoM kI racanAe~ hotI rahI tathA prAcIna zAstrIya granthoM para TIkAe~, vyAkhyAeM, bhASya, vacanikAe~, niyuktiyAM caNiyA~ Adi likhI jAtI rhiiN| vibhinna, parva, tithiyoM, dhArmika utsavoM, jayantiyoM Adi para bhI, sAmayika sAhitya racA jAtA rahA / preraNAspada evaM aitihAsika caritroM para bhI, saMvedanA ke dharAtala para jIvanI paraka sAhitya racA jAtA rahA / (8) kAvya rUpoM ke sandarbha meM jaina kavi bar3e udAra rahe / unhoMne pracalita zAstrIya rUpoM ko svIkAra karate hue bhI, lokabhASA ke kAvya rUpoM meM vyApakatA aura sahajatA ...

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jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra : 417 kA raMga bhraa| inhoMne prabandha evaM muktaka ke bIca, kAvya rUpoM ke kaI naye stara nirmita kiye, sAtha hI pracalita kAvya rUpoM ko nayI bhAvabhUmi aura maulika arthavattA bhI dii| (9) padya ke sau se bhI adhika kAvya rUpa dekhane ko milate haiN| carita kAvya ke pramukha kAvya rUpa-rAsa, caupAI, DhAla, pavADA, saMghi, carcarI, prabandha, carita, sambandha, AkhyAnaka, kathA Adi haiN| utsava kAvya ke pramukha kAvya rUpa-phAgu, dhamAla, bArahamAsA, vivAhalo, dhavala, maMgala Adi hai| nIti kAvya ke mukhya kAvya rUpa-saMvAda, kakkA, mAtRkA, bAvanI, chattIsI, kulaka, hIyAlI Adi haiM / stuti kAvya ke mukhya kAvya rUpa-stuti stavana, stotra, sajjhAya, vinatI, namaskAra, caubIsI, pUjA Adi haiN| (10) gadya sAhitya bhI sthUla rUpa se do prakAra kA hai-maulika evaM TIkA, anuvAda Adi / maulika sUjana dhArmika, aitihAsika, kalAtmaka Adi rUpoM meM milatA hai| dhArmika gadya meM sAmAnyataH kathAtmaka evaM tAtvika gadya ke hI darzana hote haiN| aitihAsika gadya gurvAvalI, vaMzAvalI, utpatti grantha, daphtara, bahI, TippaNa Adi rUpoM meM likhA gayA / kalAtmaka gadya vacanikA, davAvaita, bAta, silokA, varNaka, saMsmaraNa Adi rUpoM meM likhA gyaa| anuprAsAtmaka jhaMkAramayI zailI aura aMtartukAtmakatA isa gadya kI apanI vizeSatA hai / AgamoM meM nihita tattva aura darzana ko, janopayogI banAne kI dRSTi se, prArambha meM niyuktiyAM aura bhASya likhe gaye, jo padya meM the| bAda meM inhIM para gadya meM cUNiyA~ likhI giiN| niyukti, bhASya aura cUNi sAhitya, prAkRta athavA prAkRta-saMskRta mizrita rUpa meM hI milatA hai / isake pazcAt TIkA yuga AtA hai, jo AgamoM para hI nahIM, apitu niyuktiyoM aura bhASyoM para bhI likhI giiN| ye TIkAe~ prArambha meM saMskRta meM aura bAda meM rAjasthAnI va hindI meM milatI haiN| inake do rUpa-TabbA va bAlAvabodha vizeSa pracalita hai / gadya aura padya ke ye vibhinna rUpa jaina sAhitya kI viziSTa dena haiN| (11) kAgaja para likhe grantha tripATha, paMcapATha, TabbA, bAlAvabodha, do vibhAgI, sUr3alekhana, citrapustaka, svarNAkSarI, raupyAkSarI, sUkSmAkSarI, sthUlAkSarI, mizritAkSarI, pauthiyAkAra, guTakAkAra Adi aneka rUpoM ke prApta hote haiN| (12) jaina sAhitya kA mUla svara zAMtarasAtmaka hai, kintu isameM zRMgAra evaM bhakti rasa kA bhI abhAva nahIM hai| vIra rasa kI ojasvitA ke sAtha hI, hRdaya ko vigalita karane vAlA karuNa rasa bhI vidyamAna hai / kathA sAhitya ke vibhinna prakaraNoM meM hAsya rasa evaM vyaMgoktiyoM kI chaTA bhI bikharI huI hai| (13) jaina sAhityakAroM ne sAhitya ko kalAbAjI kA viSaya na samajha kara, hRdaya ko prabhAvita karane vAlI AnandamayI kalA ke rUpa meM dekhA / ataH zAstrIya chandoM ke atirikta loka ruci ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kaI naye chanda bhI nirmita kiye| ye chanda pradhAnataH geya rahe haiN| saMgIta ko zAstrIyatA se mukta karane ke liye ina kaviyoM ne 27

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418: madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharbha vibhinna loka zailiyoM ko apanAyA, jinake prayoga se bhArata kA purAtana saMgIta surakSita raha skaa| (14) hindI sAhitya kI AdhyAtmika cetanA ko banAye rakhane meM, jaina sAhitya kI dArzanika saMvedanA kI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA rahI hai| bhAratIya sAhitya kI vibhinna dhArAoM aura pravRttiyoM ko isase puSTi milI hai / (15) jainAcAryoM ne loka jIvana ke sannikaTa hone ke kAraNa, samakAlIna ghaTanAoM, loka dhAraNAoM aura janacetanAoM ko yathArtha evaM mukhara abhivyakti dene meM saphalatA prApta kI hai / yaha sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika adhyayana kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| (16) yAyAvara va satyaniSTha jainAcAryoM ne ghaTanAoM ke sahI-sahI vivaraNa aMkita kiye haiN| vibhinna vargoM se nikaTatA hone ke kAraNa, jana-jIvana ke citana ko bhI spaSTa rUpa se aMkita kiyA hai, ataH jaina sAhitya meM itihAsa lekhana kI pracura sAmagrI upalabdha hai| (17) jaina sAhitya samAja kA darpaNa hai| isameM vibhinna kAlAvadhiyoM ke vividha AcAra-vyavahAra, siddhAMta, saMskAra, rIti-nIti, vANijya, vyavasAya, dharma-karma, zilpa, kalA, parva-utsava, taura-tarIke, niyama, kAnUna Adi yathAvata pratibiMbita haiM / (18) rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya ne jIvana kI pavitratA, naitikatA aura utkRSTa jIvana AdarzoM ko, loka kalyANa hetu vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai| isa sAhitya kA rUpa samaSTimUlaka loka saMgrAhaka evaM lokamaMgalakArI hai / isakA vizvAsa saMgharSa meM nahIM, apitu maMgala meM hai, ataH nAyaka kA anta duHkhada mRtyu meM nahIM hotA, apitu use AdhyAtmika vaibhava se sampanna, ananta bala, ananta jJAna, ananta sukha aura ananta saundarya kA dhAraka batAyA jAtA hai| jaina sAhitya ke mUla meM, samAnatA, svatantratA, sArvajanInatA, sAMskRtika samanvaya, bhAvanAtmaka ekatA aura AdarzavAditA hone ke kAraNa, yaha vyakti aura samAja ke liye acchA mArgadarzaka aura patha-praNetA hai / .

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adhyAya saptam jaina zAstra bhaMDAra rAjasthAna ke zAstra bhaNDAra jJAna vijJAna ke kSetra meM atyanta gauravapUrNa haiM evaM hamAre pUrvajoM ke sAhityika prema va jainAcAryoM ko buddhimattA ke stutya prayAsoM ke pari'NAma haiM / prArambha meM jaina zramaNa varga zrutajJAna ko lipibaddha karane ke vipakSa meM thA, 'kintu kAlakrama meM yahI parama upAdeya mAnA jAne lgaa| gata 1000 varSa ke grantha va jJAnabhaNDAra rAjasthAna meM vidyamAna haiM jinase hameM jJAta hotA hai ki zruta jJAna kI abhivRddhi meM jainAcAryoM aura zrAvaka varga ne vizeSa yogadAna diyA thaa| inhoMne samaya kI gati ko pahacAna kara sAhitya sRjana ke sAtha-sAtha usake surakSA pakSa ko bhI atyadhika mahatva diyA aura apane athaka prayAsoM se ghore-dhIre lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM pAMDulipiyoM kA saMgraha kara liyaa| muslima kAla meM isa sAhityika dharohara ko prANAdhika priya samajhakara surakSita rakhA gayA, aura yahA~ ke zAsakoM va janatA, donoM ne apane athaka prayAsoM se isa nidhi ko naSTa hone se bacAyA / yahA~ ke zAsakoM ne jahA~ rAjya stara para grantha saMgrahAlayoM evaM pothIkhAnoM kI sthApanA kI vahIM jaina samAja ne bhI mandiroM, upAzrayoM evaM apane nivAsa para bhI pAMDulipiyoM kA apUrva saMgraha kiyaa| rAjasthAna meM hastalikhita granthoM ke saMgraha rUpa jJAna bhaNDAra hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM the, para mudraNa yuga meM chapI huI pustakeM binA parizrama va thor3e mUlya meM hI sulabha hone lagI, taba hastalikhita pratiyoM kA paThana-pAThana kramazaH kama hotA calA gyaa| pariNAmasvarUpa bahuta se logoM ne kaur3iyoM ke mola apane saMgraha beca DAle / hajAroM pratiyA~ rAjasthAna se aMgrejoM ke zAsanakAla meM anyatra yA videzoM meM calI giiN| dharmAdha muslimoM ke zikAra aneka grantha bhaNDAra bhI hue| ucita dekhabhAla ke abhAva meM hajAroM pratiyAM cUhoM aura dImakoM kI bhakSya bana gaI / varSA aura sardI ke prabhAva se hajAroM pratiyoM ke pRSTha cipaka kara thepar3e bana gye| unheM jalAne ke kAma meM liyA gyaa| hajAroM pratiyAM pAnI meM bhigokara kUTe ke kAma meM lI gii| itanA bhayaMkara vinAza hone ke bAvajUda rAjasthAna meM abhI lAkhoM hastalikhita granthoM kI pratiyA~ avaziSTa haiN|' rAjasthAna meM jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM ko sarvAdhika saMkhyA hai| ye rAjasthAna ke sabhI pramukha nagaroM evaM kasboM meM milate haiM / yadyapi abhI taka sAre zAstra bhaNDAroM kI pUrI 1. nAhaTA, rAjaisA, pR0 276 /

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420 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma sUcI taiyAra nahIM ho sakI hai| kaI vidvAnoM ne etadarthaM adyAvadhi zramasAdhya prayAsa kiye haiM, jinameM DaoN0 kasturacaMda, muni puNyavijaya, agaracaMda nAhaTA, bhAnAvata Adi vidvAnoM ke prayAsa stutya haiM | rAjasthAna meM digaMbara va zvetAMbara zAstra bhaNDAroM kI gaNanA kI jAve to vaha 200 se kama nahIM honI cAhie evaM inameM saMgrahIta granthoM kI saMkhyA lagabhaga 3 lAkha honI cAhiye / " ye jaina zAstra bhaNDAra choTe bar3e sabhI stara ke haiM / kucha aise graMtha 2,000 se bhI adhika pAMDulipiyoM kA saMgraha milatA hai to kucha meM hastalikhita graMtha haiM / bhaNDAra haiM jinameM 100 se bhI kama / grantha bhaNDAroM kI sUciyoM ke avalokana se spaSTa hai ki ke madhya sRjita sAhitya kI saMcita nidhi ke ye apUrva koSa haiM zatAbdI taka graMthoM ke pratilipikaraNa tathA saMgraha para adhika jora rhaa| muslima kAla meM pratilipi kI gaI pAMDulipiyoM kI saMkhyA sarvAdhika hai / grantha bhaNDAroM ke liye ina zatAbdiyoM ko hama unakA svarNa kAla kaha sakate haiM / Amera, nAgaura, ajamera, sAgavAr3A, kAma, maujamAbAda, bU~dI, ToDArAyasiMha Adi sthAnoM ke zAstra bhaNDAra ina zatAbdiyoM meM hI sthApita kiye gaye aura inhIM sthAnoM para graMthoM kA tIvratA se pratilipi - karaNa huA / yaha yuga bhaTTAraka saMsthA kA bhI svarNa yuga thA / sAhitya lekhana, usakI surakSA evaM pracAra-prasAra meM bhaTTArakoM kA bhI aparimita yogadAna rahA / 18vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt se yaha kAryaM kucha avaruddha ho gayA, yadyapi jayapura meM sAhitya sRjana va pAMDulipi pratilipikaraNa anavarata rahA, kintu prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza Adi bhASAoM kI kRtiyoM kI sarvathA upekSA kara dI gii| yahI nahIM, granthoM kI surakSA para bhI pUrNa dhyAna: nahIM diyA gayA / mahattva evaM vizeSatAe~ : 19vIM se 19vIM zatAbdI 15vIM zatAbdI se 18vIM 1. madhyayugIna barbaratA evaM vidhvaMsa se prAcIna sAhitya kI rakSArthaM, bhaugolika dRSTi se surakSita evaM muslima AkramaNoM ke mArgoM se dUra ke sthAnoM ko cunA gayA / marubhUmi meM sthita muslima AkramaNakAriyoM ke mArga evaM pahu~ca se dUra jaisalamera ke grantha bhaNDAra isakA sarvottama udAharaNa haiM / 2. AkramaNoM ke samaya hastalikhita grantha mandiroM ke bhUmigata kakSoM (bhoMyaroM) yA tahakhAnoM meM rakhe jAte the / aise bhRgRha kakSa aneka mandiroM meM dRSTigata hote haiM / inake nirmANa se asaMkhya granthoM ko bacAyA jA sakA, kintu kucha udAharaNa aise bhI haiM jahA~ granthoM ko bhUmigata karane ke bAda punaH dekhA hI nahIM gayA / nAgaura, Amera, ajamera, 1. rAjezAgrasU, 5, pR0 2, prastAvanA |

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jaina zAstra bhaMDAra : 421 bharatapura, kAmA, bayAnA, basavA, dausA Adi ke grantha bhaNDAra bhUmigata hone se hI surakSita bace raha sake / tahakhAnoM meM daravAje ke sthAna para prastara paTTikA isa prakAra rakhI jAtI thI ki pIche kakSa hone kA AbhAsa bhI nahIM ho pAtA thA / 3. zAstra bhaNDAroM ke grantha mukhyataH tAr3apatra, bhojapatra, vastra, kAgaja evaM tAmrapatroM para racita milate haiM / 13vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvaM kAgaja kI upalabdhi lagabhaga nagaNya thI / jaisalamera ke grantha bhaNDAra meM saMvatollekha vAlA prAcInatama grantha 1060 I0 kA " odha niyukti vRtti" tAr3apatra para hI likhA huA hai / jaisalamera prAcIna tAr3apatrIya granthoM kI vipulatA kI dRSTi se vikhyAta hai / ye grantha sAmAnya syAhI, svarNima syAhI aura citrAMkita -- 3 prakAra ke milate haiM / citrapaTa, yaMtrapaTa evaM choTe stotra yA prArthanA lekhana ke liye vastra ke phalaka prayukta hote the| jayapura ke pArzvanAtha jaina mandira meM " pratiSThA pATha" kI eka pAMDulipi vastrAMkita hai jo 17vIM zatAbdI meM likhI gaI thI / jaina bhUgola ke tIna vizva jambUdvIpa, ar3hAI dvIpa va videha kSetra ke mAnacitroM ke vastra paTa kaI grantha bhaNDAroM meM haiM / kAgaja para racita 13vIM zatAbdI se pUrva kA koI grantha upalabdha nahIM hotA / kAgaja para racita grantha svarNima va rajata syAhI meM likhita tathA citrita ca alaMkRta bhI milate haiM / aise grantha sAmAnyataH zvetAmbara grantha bhaNDAroM meM haiM / " kalpasUtra" kI svarNima syAhI se aMkita va pracura alaMkaraNa yukta prati kI kImata 1 lAkha rupaye se bhI adhika hai / kASTha phalaka va tAmrapatroM para aMkita pAMDulipiyA~ saMkhyA meM bahuta kama haiN| maMdiroM meM adhikAMza yantra tAmrapatroM para hI utkIrNa milate haiM / kucha maMdiroM meM svarNapatroM va rajata-patroM para utkIrNa yantra bhI haiM / 4. zAstra bhaNDAroM meM prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta, rAjasthAnI va hindI bhASA sAhitya apane vividha svarUpoM meM upalabdha hai / inameM kevala dhArmika sAhitya hI nahIM hai, apitu kAvya, purANa, jyotiSa, Ayurveda, gaNita, bhUgola Adi viSayoM para bhI grantha haiM / sAmAnya abhiruci ke viSaya kathA, kahAnI evaM nATaka bhI acchI saMkhyA meM haiM / muslima zAsanakAla meM bhaTTArakoM ne apabhraMza bhASA ke granthoM kA acchA saMgraha kiyA aura unakI pAMDulipiyA~ nakala karavAI | rAjasthAna ke atirikta anya pradezoM ke zAstra bhaNDAroM meM apabhraMza ke grantha yA to milate hI nahIM haiM yA svalpa saMkhyA meM haiM / apabhraMza granthoM kI dRSTi se nAgaura, ajamera, jayapura ke bhaNDAra sarvAdhika mahattva ke haiM / inameM apabhraMza kA 95 pratizata sAhitya saMgrahIta hai / 5. granthoM ke atirikta zAstra bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha guTake bhI kAphI mahattvapUrNa haiM / inameM vividha prakAra kI sAhityika aura jIvanopayogI sAmagrI kA saMgraha kiyA jAtA thaa| inameM vividha viSayoM ke tathya haiM, jaise-eka guTake meM bhArata ke bhaugolika vistAra kA paricaya dete hue 124 dezoM ke nAmoM kI sUcI hai' / eka anya guTake meM 1. rAjaisA, 4, pR0 671, grantha saMkhyA 5506 / .

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422 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma nagaroM kA varNana hai / ' 6. vikAsa kI pichalI zatAbdiyoM meM sAhitya ke vibhinna svarUpoM, va kAvya rUpoM kI jAnakArI zAstra bhaNDAroM meM prApta hotI hai / inake prAraMbha, vistAra va vikAsa ko zodha paraka jAnakArI zAstra bhaNDAroM ke gahana sAhityika adhyayana se prApta kI jA sakatI hai / 7. kucha granthoM kI kaI-kaI pratiyA~ upalabdha hotI haiM jo lekhaka va unakI kRtiyoM kI lokapriyatA kI dyotaka haiM / svayaM granthakAroM kI mUla pAMDulipiyoM kI upalabdhi bhI kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai / paM0 ToDaramala ke 'AtmAnuzAsana' kI vibhinna bhaNDAroM meM 48 pratilipiyA~, kizanasiMha ke 'kriyAkoza' kI 45, dyAnatarAya ke 'carcAzataka' kI 37, 'padmanaMdI paMcavizati' kI 35, zubhacaMdra ke 'jJAnArNava' kI 34 tathA sarvAdhika bhUdharadAsa ke 'pArzvapurANa' ko 73 pratiyA~ prApta huI haiM |3 8. zAstra bhaNDAroM meM itihAsa viSaya para hI nahIM apitu aitihAsika tathyoM se sampanna bhI anekoM granthoM kI pratiyA~ upalabdha hotI haiM / graMthoM kI prazastiyoM meM varNita lekhaka, zAsaka, nagara, grAma, AcArya, saMrakSaka, racanAkAla, racanAsthala Adi tathya prAmANika itihAsa sRjana meM bahuta sahAyaka haiM / cU~ki 10vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt kA sAhitya zAstra bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha hai, ataH pichale 1000 varSoM kA prAmANika itihAsa sRjita karane meM ye sahAyaka haiM / 9. grantha bhaNDAroM ke vizAla koSa meM jaina kalA evaM citrakalA kI prAthamika jAnakArI dene vAlI vipula sAmagrI hai / kalApremI jainAcArya va zrAvaka graMthoM ke sauMdaryIkaraNa para bahuta dhyAna dete the / tAr3apatrIya kAgaja para nirmita tathA vastrAMkita citroM evaM alaMkaraNa ke vividha svarUpoM kA digdarzana zAstra bhaNDAroM meM hotA hai / citrita kASTha phalaka bhI jaisalamera meM haiM / tAr3apatrIya citra bahuta kama upalabdha haiM jabaki anya citrita grantha evaM raMgIna alaMkaraNa mukhyataH jayapura, ajamera, maujamAbAda, nAgaura, bharatapura, basavA, bUvI Adi ke bhaNDAroM meM haiM / yadyapi citrita granthoM kI saMkhyA bahuta adhika nahIM hai, kintu bhAratIya citrakalA va laghu citrazailI ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa sAmagrI prastuta karate haiM / 10. ye zAstra bhaNDAra ajaina granthoM ke bhI acche saMgraha haiM / kucha grantha to kevala jaina bhaNDAroM meM hI upalabdha hote haiM / jainAcAryoM ne na kevala unheM surakSita rakhA, apitu 1. rAjaisA, pR0 579-593, grantha saMkhyA 5402 / 2. vahI, 4, vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla dvArA prAkkathana, pR0 4 / 3. rAjezAgrasU, 5, pR0 3 |

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jaina zAstra bhaMDAra : 423 una para vRttiyA~, bhASya evaM TIkAyeM bhI likhiiN| yahI nahIM, unheM anuvAdita kara vistRta pracArita bhI kiyA / ye grantha vividha viSaya yathA kAvya, kathA, vyAkaraNa, Ayurveda, jyotiSa, smRti, upaniSad, saMhitA, brAhmaNa Adi se sambandhita haiM / kevala pATodI jaina maMdira, jayapura ke bhaNDAra meM hI ukta viSayoM se sambandhita 500 grantha haiM | mammaTa, somezvara, kavi rudraTa, kuTTaka, vAmana, udbhaTa, rAjAnaka, mahima, kAlidAsa, mAgha, bhAravi, harSa, halAyudha, bhaTTI, udayanAcArya, vAcaspati mizra, murArI, vizAkhadatta, nArAyaNa, subaMdhu Adi anyAnya kaI racanAkAroM kI durlabha va mahattvapUrNa kRtiyA~ ina zAstra bhaNDAroM meM surakSita haiM / bhaTTa - 11. ye grantha bhaNDAra pustakAlaya ke rUpa meM bhI upayogI the / svAdhyAya premI yahA~ baiThakara zAstroM kA adhyayana kara sakate the / granthoM kI sUciyAM bhI upalabdha huA karatI thIM tathA granthoM ko lakar3I ke puTThoM ke bIca meM rakha kara sUta athavA silka ke phItoM se bAMdhA jAtA thaa| vaijJAnika vidhi se rakha-rakhAva ke kAraNa ye sudIrgha avadhi taka surakSita raha pAye / mahattvapUrNa sAhityika kendra bhI the / asaMkhya jaina vidvAnoM ne 12. zAstra bhaNDAra sAhityika kendra bhI hote the jahA~ vidvAnoM ke dvArA nava sAhitya sRjana tathA mahattvapUrNa granthoM kA pratilipikaraNa nirantara hotA rahatA thA / inake pramukha, yati yA vidvAn bhaTTAraka hote the / jaisalamera, ajamera, nAgaura, bA~rA, phatehapura, Amera, koTA, raNathambhaura, DUMgarapura Adi ke zAstra bhaMDAra bhaTTArakoM va yatiyoM ke netRtva meM yahA~ apanI kRtiyA~ racIM / 13. vibhinna zAstra bhaNDAroM ke maMdira acche zaikSika kendra bhI the / yahA~ baccoM va vayaskoM ko prAkRta, saMskRta, vyAkaraNa, koSa, kAvya, nATaka, darzana, khagola, gaNita Adi kI bhI zikSA dI jAtI thI / adhyayana-adhyApana meM jainetara granthoM kA bhI prayoga hotA thA / grantha bhaNDAroM meM ajaina granthoM kI prApti muniyoM va zrAvakoM kI dharma-nira pekSatA, unmukta dRSTikoNa va sarvadharma samabhAva ke paricAyaka haiM / ina zaikSika kendroM para ziSyoM dvArA guruoM ko grantha bheMTa karane kI bhI paraMparA thI, jisase zAstra bhaNDAra nirantara samRddha hote rahe 1 14. mugala kAla meM rAjasthAnI zAsakoM kA deza ke dUrastha pradezoM se samparka rahane ke kAraNa ina saMgrahoM meM deza kI vibhinna bhASAoM ke hastalikhita graMtha bhI upalabdha haiM / udAharaNArtha, jayapura meM yadi baMgAlI bhASA ke grantha mileMge to bIkAnera meM kannar3a aura udayapura meM gujarAtI bhASA ke grantha bhI upalabdha ho jAyeMge / jainAcAryoM kA yogadAna rAjasthAna ke jainAcArya sAhitya ke sacce sAdhaka the / AtmaciMtana evaM AdhyAtmika carcA ke atirikta samaya kA pUrNa sadupayoga sAhitya sRjana meM hotA thA / svayaM racanA

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424 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma karane ke atirikta dUsaroM ko bhI etadarthaM preraNA dete the / haribhadra sUri ne yogadRSTisamuccaya meM 'lekhanA, pUjanA, dAnam' dvArA pustaka lekhana ko yoga bhUmikA kA aMga batalAyA hai / 12vIM zatAbdI meM sUrAcArya ne bhI 'dAnAdhiprakAza' ke paMcama avasara meM pustaka lekhana kI mahimA gAI hai / granthoM kA pratilipikaraNa zramasAdhya thA, jo saMta evaM saMyamI vidvAn hI kara sakate the / ataH grantha ke anta meM kabhI-kabhI unakI surakSArthaM nimna zabdoM meM pAThakoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA karate the "bhagnapRSTha kaTigrIvA, vakradRSTiradhomukham / kaSTena likhitaM zAstraM yatnena paripAlayeta // " 3 jinabhadra sUri ne apane jIvana kA zreSThatama samaya jJAna bhaNDAroM kI sthApanA ke nimitta vyatIta kiyA / jaina saMtoM ke surakSA ke vizeSa niyamoM ke kAraNa granthoM ke vizAla saMgraha surakSita raha ske| inhoMne aneka saMkaToM va jhaMjhAvAtoM ke madhya bhI sAhitya kI amUlya dharohara ko surakSita rakhA / asaMkhya grantha bhaNDAra jaina saMtoM kI sAhitya sevA ke jvalanta pramANa haiM / inhoMne apane pUrvavartI AcAryoM evaM lekhakoM kI racanAoM ko bhI niSThApUrvaka saMgrahIta kiyaa| jinacandra sUri ne 1440 I0 meM bRhad jJAnabhaNDAra kI sthApanA karake sAhitya kI saikar3oM amUlya nidhiyoM ko naSTa hone se bacAyA / caityavAsiyoM, yatiyoM evaM bhaTTArakoM ke grAmoM evaM nagaroM meM sthAI nivAsa se sAhitya sRjana va zAstra bhaNDAroM ke koSa meM apUrvaM vRddhi hone lagI / cAturmAsa ke asthAyI nivAsa ke daurAna bhI jainAcArya pustaka lekhana va pratilipikaraNa ko protsAhana dete the / isa prakAra kI manovRtti ne choTe-choTe sthAnoM para bhI grantha bhaNDAroM kI sthApanA ko protsAhita kiyA / yahA~ taka ki vyaktigata ruci jAgrata karake AvAsoM para bhI pustakA - laya nirmANa kI pravRtti ko protsAhita karane kA zreya bhI inhIM muniyoM ko hai / rAjanayikoM dvArA saMrakSaNa evaM yogadAna rAjasthAna ke kaI rAjAoM, maMtriyoM evaM dIvAnoM ne pariSkRta sAMskRtika abhiruci evaM dharmanirapekSatA kA paricaya dete hue, apane hI AdhyAtmika kalyANa hetu yA svayaM ko Adarza evaM samadarzI prajApAlaka siddha karane ke liye, yA svajanoM kI preraNA evaM prajA kI priyadarzitA prApta karane ke liye bhI kaviyoM evaM sAhityakAroM ko sammAna dekara sAhitya sRjana ko parokSa protsAhana diyA / etadarthaM inhoMne prAcIna maulika grantha kharIde, naye likhavAye, purAnoM kI pratilipiyA~ taiyAra karavAI tAki muniyoM ko bheMTa meM de sakeM, evaM AtmakalyANa hetu svAdhyAya bhI kara sakeM / tArAcanda ne 17vIM zatAbdI meM sAdar3I meM jaina muni hemaratna se 'gorAbAdala padminI caupAI' kI racanA karavAI thI / sAhitya ke 1. kAsalIvAla, muhaMsmRga, pR0 763 / .

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jaina zAstra bhaMDAra : 425 parimANa meM zAstroM unhoMne siddha hema ananya premI gurjarezvara siddharAja jayasiMha ne eka zAhI pustakAlaya kI sthApanA kI thI, jisameM vibhinna viSayoM kI racanAoM ko saMgrahIta kiyA thA evaM bar3e kI tAr3apatrIya pratiyA~ svarNAkSaroM va sacitrAdi likhavAyI thI / vyAkaraNa kI eka lAkha paccIsa hajAra pratiyAM taiyAra karavAIM tAki inheM vidvAnoM evaM graMtha bhaNDAroM ko bheMTa svarUpa de sakeM / 2 kumArapAla ne 21 zAstra bhaNDAra sthApita kiye aura 'pratyeka meM svarNima syAhI se likhI gaI 'kalpasUtra' kI prati rakhavAI | 3 vastupAla evaM tejapAla, apane guru vijayasena sUri aura udayaprabha sUri ke upadezoM se zAstra bhaNDAra sthApita karane ke liye protsAhita hue the / mAMDavagar3a ke maMtrI pethaDazAha AbU sahita 7 nagaroM meM zAstra bhaNDAroM kI sthApanA kI / " jaisalamera ke mahArAvala hararAja ne jaina kavi kuzalalAbha ke sahayoga se hI 'piMgala ziromaNi grantha' kI racanA kI / mAnasiMha ke maMtrI nAnU godhA ne bhaTTAraka jJAnakIrti se 'yazodhara caritra' kI racanA karane ke liye prArthanA kI thii| jinacandra sUri ko akabara dvArA 'yugapradhAna ' pada dene para bIkAnera ke mahArAjA rAyasiMha va ku~vara dalapata siMha dvArA bhI saMkhyA - baddha pratiyA~ likhavAkara bheMTa karane ke ullekha milate haiM / ina granthoM kI prazastiyoM meM bIkAnera, khaMbhAta Adi ke jJAna bhaNDAra sthApita karane kA bhI varNana hai / 7 jayapura ke dIvAna bAlacandra chAbar3A aura amaracanda ne kaI hastalikhita graMtha likhavA - kara jayapura nagara ke vibhinna zAstra bhaNDAroM meM vitarita kiye the / " mahArAjA savAI jayasiMha ke dIvAna mohanadAsa ne Amera meM bahuta bar3A mandira nirmita karavAkara usameM graMtha bhaNDAra bhI sthApita karavAyA / " dIvAna rAmacanda chAbar3A ( 1784 I0 ) aura rAva kRpArAma pAMDyA (1782 I0 - 1790 I0) tathA Amera va jayapura ke anya kaI dIvAnoM ne grantha bhaNDAroM kI sthApanA meM pUrNa sahayoga diyA / " 1. nAhaTA, rAjaisA, pR0 419 / 2. prabhAvaka caritra ( dekheM - hemacandra prabandha ) | 3. kumArapAla prabandha, pR0 96-97 / 4. upadezataraMgiNI, pR0 142 / 5. bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhana kalA, pR0 92 / 6. paramparA, bhAga - 13 / 7. bha~vara lAla nAhaTA, rAjaisA, pR0 419 / 8. vIravANI, bhAga - 1 | 9. vIravANo, bhAga - 1 / 10. vahI /

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426 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma vyApAriyoM evaM zreSThiyoM kA yogadAna rAjAoM evaM maMtriyoM kI bhA~ti dhanI zrAvakoM ne bhI isa kArya meM atyadhika ruci pradarzita kii| hastalikhita granthoM ke puSpikA lekha tathA 'kumArapAla prabandha', 'vastupAla caritra', 'prabhAvaka caritra', 'sukRta sAgara mahAkAvya', upadeza taraMgiNI', 'karmacaMdra maMtrI vaMza prabaMdha' aneka rAsoM evaM aitihAsika caritroM se samRddha zrAvakoM dvArA lAkhoM rupaye ke sadvyaya se jJAna koSa likhavAne tathA pracArita karane ke vizuddha ullekha pAye jAte haiN|' 'vIra vaMzAvalI' meM yaha ullekha milatA hai ki 1349 I0 meM eka jaina gRhastha saMgrAma sonI ne lAkhoM svarNa mudrAe~ vyaya karake 'kalpasUtra' aura 'kAlakAcArya kathA' jaina muniyoM ke lAbhArtha taiyAra karavAI thIM / kharataragaccha ke jinabhadra sUri ke nirdeza para dharaNAzAha ne tAr3apatrIya granthoM ko kaI pratiyA~ jaisalamera ke zAstra bhaNDAra ko bheMTa karane hetu likhavAI thiiN| raidhU ne katipaya zrAvakoM ke Agraha para 20 se adhika apabhraMza racanAe~ likhI thiiN| dharaNAzAha, maMDana, dhanarAja, pethaDa zAha, parvata kAnhA, thAharU zAha evaM karmacandra ne jJAna bhaNDAra sthApita karane meM apanI lakSmI kA mukta hasta se vyaya kiyA thA / thAharUzAha kA bhaNDAra Aja bhI jaisalamera meM vidyamAna hai|4 jaina samAja kA yogadAna jaina samAja zAstroM ko atyadhika sammAna kI dRSTi se dekhatA hai| jJAna kA Adara, jJAnabhakti Adi kI vizad upAdeyatA nityaprati ke vyavahAra meM parilakSita hotI hai| kalpasUtrAdi AgamoM ko paryuSaNa meM gajArUr3ha zobhAyAtrA nikAlI jAtI hai tathA jAgaraNAdi kiye jAte haiN| bhagavatI sUtrAdi Agama pATha ke samaya dhUpa-dIpa tathA zobhAyAtrA Adi jainoM ke jJAna-sammAna ke hI pratIka haiM / jJAna-pUjA vividha rUpa se kI jAtI hai evaM jJAnadravya ke saMrakSaNa-saMvardhana kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA jAtA hai| granthoM kI pratilipikaraNa zruta sevA kA aMga mAnA jAtA thaa| vizeSa dhArmika avasaroM yathA zrutapaMcamI, jJAnapaMcamI para mahatvapUrNa granthoM kI pratilipiyAM pUrNa kara AcAryoM evaM jJAna bhaNDAroM ko samarpita kI jAtI thiiN| pustakoM ko dharatI para na rakhakara uccAsana para rakhakara par3hA jAtA hai, jise sAMpar3A-sA~par3I va rIla bhI kahate haiN| sAdhu, zrAvaka ke jJAnopakaraNa ke paira, thUka Adi lagane para prAyazcita kA vidhAna hai| isaliye baiThane ke Asana para bhI granthoM ko nahIM rakhA jAtA / granthoM ko varSA evaM dhUpa se bacAyA jAtA thA tathA banda kamaroM va talagharoM meM ho rakhA jAtA thaa| inako patthara kI peTiyoM meM evaM tAr3apatrIya granthoM ko kASThaphalakoM 1. bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, rAjaisA, pR0 419, lekha-jaina lekhana kalA / 2. jaina caritra kalpadruma, pR0 57 / 3. jaisalamera bhaNDAra kI grantha sUcI, pR0 4, 15, 23, 24, 31, 41 evaM 42 / 4. nAhaTA, rAjaisA, pR0 419 /

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jaina zAstra bhaMDAra : 427. meM surakSita rakhane ke prayAsa kiye jAte the| inheM dImaka, cUhoM va ThaMDaka se bacAne ke vividha upAya kiye jAte the / sA~pa kI keMculI, dhoMDAdhvaja evaM auSadhi kI poTalI Adi rakhI jAtI thI tathA varSA kI nama havA se bacAne ke liye jJAna bhaNDAra yathA sambhava kama hI khole jAte the| granthoM kI prazastiyoM meM likhane meM jala, tela, zithila baMdhana aura ayogya vyakti ke hAtha se bacAne kI cetAvanI satat dI jAtI rahI hai| jJAna kI rakSA evaM sevA ke liye hI jaina dharma meM jJAnapaMcamI parva kA pracalana huA aura isake mAdhyama se jJAnopakaraNoM kA pracuratA se nirmANa karavAkara jJAna bhaNDAroM kI abhivRddhi kI gii| jJAnapaMcamI pUrvArAdhana ke bahAne jJAna kI pUrI sAra sa~bhAla hone lgii| rAjasthAna ke prasiddha zAstra bhaNDAra (a) jodhapura saMbhAga ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAra : (1) jaisalamera ke jaina grantha bhaNDAra bhaugolika vizeSatAoM, zuSka prakRti evaM AvAgamana ke sulabha sAdhanoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa jaisalamera pradeza sAmAnyataH bAhya AkramaNakAriyoM se bacA rhaa| zAMti evaM surakSA kA kSetra hone ke kAraNa jaina zreSThiyoM ne yahA~ apanA nivAsa cunA, sAtha ho jaina sAdhuoM kI bhI dharmasthalI bana gayA / jaisalamera kevala prastara kalA kI dRSTi se hI nahIM, apitu yahA~ ke suvikhyAta jJAna bhaNDAroM meM saMgrahIta prAcIna tADapatrIya aura hastalikhita granthoM ke saMgraha kI dRSTi se bhI vizvavikhyAta hai| rAjasthAna ke jaina bhaNDAroM meM akele jaisalamera ke saMgrahAlaya hI aise haiM jinakI tulanA bhArata ke kisI bhI prAcIna bar3e grantha saMgrahAlaya se kI jA sakatI hai| sarvaprathama isa amUlya dharohara kA saMketa karnala TaoNDa ne apane grantha meM diyaa| isake bAda 1874 I0 meM jarmana vidvAna DaoN0 buhalara aura harmana jekobI prAcIna granthoM ko talAza meM bhArata Aye aura jaisalamera bhI gaye / ye hI ina graMtha bhaNDAroM ko vidvAnoM ke samakSa prakAza meM lAye / saMbhavataH jalavAyu kI pratikUlatA ke kAraNa ve yahAM adhika nahIM Thahara sake, phira bhI unake prArambhika kArya kA bahuta mahattva hai| jaisalamera bhaNDAra ko pUrNa rUpa se prakAza meM lAne kA zreya pro0 zrIdhara rAmakRSNa bhaNDArakara ko hai, jo bambaI sarakAra kI ora se 1905 I0 meM rAjasthAna ke prAcIna hastalikhita pustaka saMgrahoM kA nirIkSaNa karane Aye the| inhoMne yahAM ke dasa grantha saMgrahAlayoM kI grantha sUcI banAI jisameM prAcInatama grantha 867 I0 kA thaa| isake pazcAt bar3audA sarakAra kI ora se cimana lAla dalAla ne mukhya bhaNDAra ke prAyaH sabhI tAr3apatrIya granthoM kI sUcI banAI jo 'gAyakavAr3a orieNTala sirIja' meM prakAzita ho cukI hai / 2 lAla candra ma0 gAMdhI, mani jina vijaya, muni puNya vijaya, muni haMsa vijaya, 1. dekheM-jaisalamera bhaNDAra kI grantha sUcI / 2. jaina granthAvalI, 1909 I0 meM prakAzita /

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-428 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma muni jinakRpAcaMdra sUri va agaracanda nAhaTA jaisalamera gaye evaM zAstra bhaNDAroM kA punarparIkSaNa kiyA / ( ka ) bRhada jJAna bhaNDAra, jaisalamera : pAMDulipi sabase prAcIna , isa grantha bhaNDAra ko sarvAdhika prasiddhi prApta hai / AcArya jinabhadrasUri ne ise 1440 I0 meM saMbhavanAtha mandira ke talaghara meM sthApita kiyA thA / isIliye ise 'jinabhadra sUri zAstra bhaNDAra' bhI kahA jAtA hai| yaha jJAna bhaNDAra kaI AcAryoM evaM vidvAnoM kI sAhityika gatividhiyoM kA kendra rahA, jinameM kamalasaMyama upAdhyAya, 1487 I0 evaM samaya sundara ( 14vIM zatAbdI ) ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| jinabhadra sUri ne yahA~ bahuta se granthoM kI pratilipiyA~ taiyAra karavAIM tathA bahuta se granthoM ko surakSA kI dRSTi se yahA~ lAkara saMgrahIta kiyA / yahA~ ke tAr3apatrIya granthoM kI saMkhyA 804 hai, jisameM - droNAcArya dvArA 1060 I0 meM racita 'oghaniyukti vRtti' kI hai / isakI nakala pAhila ke dvArA kI gaI thii| isake atirikta 12vIM 13vIM zatAbdiyoM meM sRjita granthoM kI saMkhyA bhI acchI hai / jainAcAryoM dvArA nibaddha granthoM ke atirikta yahA~ jainetara vidvAnoM kI kRtiyA~ bhI saMgrahIta haiM / aisI pAMDulipiyoM meM 'kAvya mImAMsA' ( rAjazekhara), 'kAvyAdarza' ( somezvara bhaTTa ), 'kAvya prakAza' ( mammaTa ) evaM 'naiSadhacarita' (zrI harSa ) ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / isI meM vimala sUri ke 'paumacariya' ( 1141 I0), paramAnaMda sUri ko 'hitopadezAmRta' ( 1253 I0), saMghadAsa vAcaka 'racita 'vAsudeva hiNDA', devendra sUri racita 'zAMtinAtha carita', vidyAdhara racita 'naiSadha TIkA', vizAkhadatta racita 'mudrArAkSasa' nATaka kI 1257 I0 meM taiyAra pratilipi, yazodeva sUri dvArA 1960 I0 meM racita 'candraprabha svAmI carita', jayakIrti dvArA 1135 I0 meM racita 'chaMdonuzAsana' Adi durlabha pAMDulipiyA~ haiM / anya durlabha kRtiyA~ - kauTilya ke 'arthazAstra' para 14vIM zatAbdI kI TIkA, 1173 I0 meM dhanapAla kRta 'tilaka maMjarI', 'bhojakRta 'zRMgAra- maMjarI', jinadatta sUri kI prAkRta racanA 'saMvegaraMgazAlA' tathA 1164 I0 meM bauddha dArzanika diganAga dvArA racita 'nyAyapraveza' nAmaka tAr3apatrIya grantha haiM, jo vizva meM anyatra upalabdha nahIM haiM / ( kha ) kharataragaccha kA paMcAyatI bhaNDAra : isameM tAr3apatrIya granthoM kI 14 pratiyA~ aura kAgaja para likhe granthoM kI 1000 pratiyA~ saMgrahIta haiM / kAgaja ke granthoM meM sarvAdhika ullekhanIya kalpasUtra svAdhyAya pustikA kI 1505 I0 kI sacitra prati hai / isameM 13vIM va 14vIM zatAbdI ke 2 citrita kASTha phalaka bhI haiM / 1781 I0 meM amRtadharmaM evaM unake ziSya kSamAkalyANa gaNI ne yahA~ kaI granthoM kI pratiyA~ rakhavAIM / yahA~ kucha durlabha grantha bhI haiM, jaise 1419 I0 meM pratilipi - kRta 'nAradIya purANa', jJAnasAgara sUri kI TIkA sahita 'uttarAdhyayana sUtra' kI 1429 I0 kI pratilipi Adi /

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jaina zAstra bhaMDAra : 429. (ga) paMcAnau zAstra bhaNDAra : yaha eka choTA zAstra bhaNDAra hai| dalAla ne apanI grantha sUcI meM isakA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| isameM 42 tAr3apatrIya hastalikhita granthoM kA saMgraha hai| (gha) tapAgaccha jJAna bhaNDAra : isakI sthApanA kA samaya jJAta nahIM hai| 1502 I0 meM ise AnaMdavijayagaNI ne vyavasthita kiyA thaa| yaha upAsarA tapAgaccha ke sAdhuoM kA kendra thaa| yahAM donoM prakAra ke hastalikhita grantha haiM kintu tADapatrIya grantha kevala ATha haiN| isameM saMrakSita mahatvapUrNa pAMDulipiyA~ nimna haiM-1. 'harivikrama carita'-jayatilaka racita 1358 I0 kI pratilipi, 2. 'mRgAvatI carita'--maladhArI devaprabha racita--kAgaja para, 3. 'vAsavadattA'--mahAkavi subaMdhu racita-1354 I0 meM kAgaja para taiyAra pratilipi Adi haiN| (Ga) bar3A upAsarA jaina jJAna bhaNDAra : __ yaha yati vRddhicaMda kI guru paraMparA kA saMgraha hai| isameM kAgaja para likhita 1019 granthoM kA sudara saMgraha hai| yahA~ tAr3apatrIya grantha nahIM haiN| saMbhavataH isIliye isakA ullekha dalAla kI sUcI meM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| yahA~ kI katipaya amUlya pAMDulipiyA~ nimna hai--1. 'nAradIya purANa'---yaha pAMDulipi 1419 I0 meM pratilipikRta hai evaM saMskRta meM vyAsa janArdana ke dvArA taiyAra kI gaI thii| 2. 'vIsalarAsa'-rAjasthAnI bhASA meM hai va apUrNa hai| 3. 'uttarAdhyayana sUtra'-jJAna sAgara sUri kI TIkA sahita pAMDulipi 1429 I0meM pratilipikRta / ( ca ) loMkAgacchIya jJAna bhaNDAra : dalAla ne isakA nAma 'Dragara yati kA jJAna bhaNDAra' diyA thA parantu muni puNya vijaya ne apanI sUcI meM ise ukta nAma se abhihita kiyA hai / yati bela jI ko gurU paraMparA ke upAsare ke isa bhaNDAra meM tAMDapatrIya grantha kevala 11 hI haiN| isameM pAMDulipiyoM ke sagraha kA zreya DUMgara yati ko hI jAtA hai| jaisalamera meM 1227 I0 meM viveka samudra dvArA racita 'puNyAzrava kathA' kI pAMDulipi isa grantha bhaNDAra kI sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa kRti hai / isameM 500 kAgaja graMtha bhI saMgrahIta haiM jinameM 'udayavilAsa' evaM katipaya rAsa mahatvapUrNa haiM / (cha) thAharUzAha jJAna bhaNDAra : isako sthApanA 17vIM zatAbdI meM thAharUzAha bhaMsAlI dvArA kI gaI thI / ise 1. jaisalamera bhaNDAra kI sUcI, seMTrala lAIbrerI, bar3audA se 1923 meM prakAzita /

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430 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma dalAla evaM bhaNDArakara, donoM ne apanI sUciyoM meM sammilita kiyA hai| isameM 1612 I0 se 1827 I0 ke madhya kI kaI pratilipiyAM haiM / isa bhaNDAra meM 4 tADapatrIya grantha evaM lagabhaga 1000 kAgaja grantha haiN| isa prakAra jaisalamera ke grantha bhaNDAra, jinameM tAr3apatrIya grantha pramukha haiM, eka amUlya dharohara hai / jaina matAvalaMbiyoM ke liye ina granthoM kA darzana hI tIrtha yAtrA ke samAna pavitra mAnA jAtA hai / 2. harisAgara jJAna bhaNDAra, lohAvata : isa bhaNDAra meM granthoM kI kula saMkhyA 2110 evaM 87 guTake haiN| isameM saMgrahIta ullekhanIya grantha isa prakAra haiM-hindI meM 'rAThaura vaMzAvalI', jayanArAyaNa kRta 'zRMgAra zataka', jayazekhara kRta 'samyakatva kaumudI', lakSmIcaMdra dvArA saMskRta meM TIkA saMdeza rAsaka', hindI meM vijayadeva sUri kRta 'neminAtha rAsa', 'vivekamaMjarI'. ravidharmakRta 'kavi rahasya TIkA', 'kAnya prakAza vRtti', 'naiSadha kAvya vRtti' Adi / 3. bhaTTAraka graMtha bhaNDAra, nAgaura : prAcIna lekhoM meM nAgaura kA nAma nAgapura evaM ahichatrapura bhI milatA hai / hastalikhita granthoM kI dRSTi se yaha bhaNDAra atyadhika mahatvapUrNa hai|' yahA~ lagabhaga 14,000 pAMDulipiyoM kA saMgraha hai jisameM 1000 se adhika guTake haiN| sabhI kAgaja grantha haiN| bhaNDAra meM prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta, rAjasthAnI va hindI, sabhI bhASAoM meM nibaddha kRtiyoM kA vividha viSayaka saMgraha hai / adhikAMza pAMDulipiyo 14vIM se 19vIM zatAbdI ke madhya kI haiN| ajaina grantha evaM bhaTTArakoM, AcAryoM ke jIvana se sambandhita aitihAsika sAmagrI bhI yahA~ upalandha hai| prAkRta bhASA ke granthoM meM AcArya kuMdakuMda ke 'samayasAra' kI 1303 I0 kI pAMDulipi tathA 'mUlAcAra' kI 1388 I0 kI pAMDulipi yahA~ prApta hai| apabhraMza ke kaI durlabha grantha bhI yahAM hai, jaise-varAMga cariu' ( tejapAla ), 'vasudhIra cariu (zrIbhUSaNa), 'samyakatva kaumudI' ( harisiMha ), 'NemiNAha cariu' ( dAmodara ) Adi ullekhanIya hai / saMskRta evaM hindI kI bhI durlabha pAMDulipiyA~ yahA~ saMgrahIta haiM, yathA--bhAu kavi kA 'neminAtha rAsa' (16vIM zatAbdI ), jagarUpa kRta 'jagarUpa vilAsa', kalaha kRta 'kRpaNa paccIsI', maMDalAcArya zrI bhUSaNa kRta 'sarasvatI lakSmI saMvAda', sukhadeva kRta 'kriyAkoSa bhASA', mAnasAgara kRta 'vikramasena caupAI' Adi / ajaina kRtiyoM meM haridAsa racita "raghuvaMza TIkA', 'zrI nigama pravacana nAma sAroddhAra', 'vidagdha mukha maMDana TIkA', 'vidagdha mukha maMDana vRtti', rUpa sundara kRta "piMgala vivaraNa', 'vRtta ratnAkara TIkA' Adi / 1. ane0, 11, pR0 128 /

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jaina zAstra bhaMDAra : 431 bhaTTArakoM ko prazaMsA meM gotAtmaka kRtiyA~ jaise 'nemicandra gota', 'vizAla kIrti gIta', 'sahastrakIrti gIta', 'zrIbhUSaNa gIta', 'dharmakIrti gIta', 'guNacandra gIta' Adi bhI yahA~ prApta haiN| 4. jodhapura ke graMtha bhaNDAra : yahA~ kaI mandira evaM upAsaroM meM jJAna bhaNDAra avasthita hai, jinameM sahastroM kI saMkhyA meM hastalikhita pAMDulipiyA~ upalabdha hai / rAjasthAna rAjya sarakAra dvArA sthApita 'rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna' kA mukhya kAryAlaya yahIM para hai| isa pratiSThAna kA vizAla hastalikhita granthAgAra hai jisameM lagabhaga 30,000 jaina grantha saMgrahIta haiM / isI rAjasthAnI zodha saMsthAna, caupAsanI meM bhI 15,000 se adhika hastalikhita grantha haiM aura jodhapura mahArAjA ke 'pustaka prakAza saMgraha' meM bhI jaina grantha vidyamAna haiM / __ svataMtra jaina jJAna bhaNDAroM ke rUpa meM bhI jodhapura meM kaI acche saMgraha hai, jinameM kezariyAnAtha mandira meM sthita jJAna bhaNDAra mahatvapUrNa hai / isameM lagabhaga 2000 pAMDu. lipiyA~ haiN| isameM sUracaMdra upAdhyAya racita 'sthUbhidra guNamAlA kAvya' jaisI durlabha pAMDulipiyA~ bhI haiN| koTar3I ke jJAna bhaNDAra meM lagabhaga 1,000 pratiyA~ aura jinayaza sUri jJAna bhaNDAra meM bhI acchA sAhitya saMgrahIta hai| jayamala jJAna bhaNDAra, jainaratna pustakAlaya, maMgalacaMdra jJAna bhaNDAra, kAnamala nAhaTA kA sthAnakavAsI sampradAya kA saMgraha Adi bhI mahatvapUrNa haiM / 5. phalaudhI ke grantha bhaNDAra : isa sthAna para granthoM ke 3 saMgrahAlaya haiN| phUlacaMda chAbaka ke saMgraha meM lagabhaga 400 grantha haiM / sAdhvI puSpa zrI jJAna bhaMDAra meM 375 grantha haiM tathA dharmazAlA ke mahAvIra jJAna mandira meM 150 grantha saMgrahIta haiN| 6. rAjendra sUri zAstra bhaNDAra, Ahora : isa bhaMDAra kI grantha sUcI abhaya jaina granthAlaya, bIkAnera meM saMrakSita hai / isa bhaMDAra maiM hastalikhita granthoM kA eka bar3A saMgraha vidyamAna hai / sabhI kAgaja grantha haiM evaM 22 baMDaloM meM ba~dhe hue haiM / yahA~ prAkRta, saMskRta evaM hindI bhASA ke grantha haiM jinameM se kucha ullekhanIya haiM, jaise, saMskRta meM megha vijayakRta 'jinendra vyAkaraNa vRtti', 1396 I0 meM racita 'naiSadha kAvya vRtti', prAkRta meM sacitra 'jaMbUdvIpa prajJapti' evaM rAmacaMda kRta "pradyumna carita' / 7. jaina zAstra bhaNDAra, kucAmana siTI : isa zahara ke 3 jaina mandiroM meM choTe zAstra bhaNDAra haiN| inameM ajamerI mandira ke zAstra bhaMDAra kA saMgraha mahatvapUrNa haiM, jisameM prAkRta evaM saMskRta granthoM kI adhikatA hai| sabhI kAgaja grantha haiM, jo siddhAMta, purANa, caritra, pUjA evaM strota Adi se saMbaMdhita haiN|

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432 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 8. dhanArI kA zrIpUjya jJAna bhaNDAra : sirohI jile kA yaha grantha bhaMDAra jinendra sUri ke ziSya padmasUri ko nizA meM saMcAlita hai| yaha bhaMDAra bahuta samRddha evaM achUtA hai| isakI grantha sUcI upalabdha nahIM hai kintu yahAM durlabha sAmagrI prApta ho sakatI hai| 9. tilokavijaya jJAna bhaNDAra, mohabbata nagara : pUrva meM yaha jJAna bhaMDAra apanI taMtra-maMtra kI pustakoM ke liye prasiddha rahA hai / 'jaina maMtra kalpa mahodadhi' yahA~ ko saMgrahIta pAMDulipiyoM ke AdhAra para likhA gayA thaa| vaise isa bhaMDAra ko sAmagrI sIladara, jIrAvala evaM ghANerAva pahu~ca gaI hai, parantu aba bhI kAphI durlabha sAmagrI isameM hai| 10. jayavijaya jJAna mandira, sirohI : isa bhaMDAra kI sAmagrI kA saMgraha jayavijaya mahArAja ne kiyA thaa| isameM bahuta se prAcIna grantha haiN| 11. kevalavijaya jJAna bhaNDAra, kAlandrI : ___ isakI sthApanA sAdhu kevala vijaya ne kI thii| isameM lagabhaga 2000 durlabha grantha saMgrahIta the / isa bhaMDAra kI adhikAMza sAmagro AdonI, gokAka evaM dAvanagere sthAnAMtarita ho gaI hai / abhI bhI kucha durlabha graMtha yahA~ haiM / 12. zrImatI paMkubAI jJAna mandira, zivagaMja : yaha eka jaina mandira ke samIpa avasthita hai| granthoM kA rakharakhAva acchA hai evaM granthoM kI prAcIna pAMDulipiyA~ bhI hai| 13. sohanalAla paTanI nijI saMgraha, sirohI : isameM 1300 hastalikhita grantha haiM jo 14vIM se 19vIM zatAbdI ke madhya ke haiN| inameM citrita granthoM kI saMkhyA alpa hai| vastra evaM kAgaja para Alekhita yaMtra bhI. yahA~ haiM / 1. asAvai, pR0 232-34 / 2. vhii| 3. vhii| 4. vhii| 5. vhii| 6. vhii|

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jaina zAstra bhaMDAra : 433 bIkAnera saMbhAga : 1. bIkAnera ke jaina zAstra bhaMDAra : yahA~ ke zAstra bhaMDAra bahuta samRddha haiM / yahA~ vividha bhASA ke aneka durlabha grantha prApya haiN| bIkAnera meM lagabhaga 1 lAkha jaina grantha saMgrahIta haiN| inameM se lagabhaga 60 hajAra abhaya jaina granthAlaya meM, 15,000 anUpa saMskRta lAibrerI meM va zeSa anya bhaMDAroM meM haiM / ina bhaMDAroM meM svarNa evaM rajata syAhI se likhita grantha bhI upalabdha haiM / isake atirikta asaMkhya kalAtmaka cIjeM, prAcIna citra tathA sacitra vijJapti patra bhI yahA~ surakSita rakhe hue haiM / isa zahara meM nimna grantha bhaMDAra haiM(ka) vRhad jJAna bhaMDAra : yaha rAMgar3I kA cauka ke bar3e upAsare meM sthita hai| yaha bhaMDAra 1901 I0 meM yatihimatU jI ke vizeSa prayAsoM se astitva meM aayaa| isameM 9 yatiyoM kA saMgraha samekita rUpa meM hai aura kula 10,000 hastalikhita pratiyA~ surakSita haiN| isa kharataragacchIya bRhad jJAna bhaMDAra meM nimna 9 yatiyoM ke saMgraha haiM(a) mahimA bhakti bhaMDAra : yaha kSamAkalyANa ke ziSya kharataragacchIya mahimA bhakti kA saMgraha hai jisameM lagabhaga 3000 grantha 89 baMDaloM meM surakSita haiM / adhikAMza kAgaja grantha haiN| prAcInatama tAr3apatrIya pAMDulipi 1252 I0 ko 'zrAvaka pratikramaNa' hai| (A) dAnasAgara bhaMDAra : yahA~ para 2792 graMtha 74 baMDaloM meM surakSita hai| yahA~ kaI durlabha graMtha bhI hai| yahA~ kI viziSTa kRtiyA~ 'tapAgaccha paTTAvalI', 'vIsaladeva cauhAna rAsa', hamIra racita "piMgala zAstra' Adi hai| (i) abhaya siMha bhaMDAra : yaha sampUrNa saMgraha bIkAnera ke zrAvaka abhayasiMha dvArA bheMTa kiyA huA hai| isameM 23 baMDaloM meM 427 grantha haiN| sabhI kAgaja para haiN| mukhya 1403 I0 ko jinadattasari kI saMskRta racanA 'viveka vilAsa' ko pratilipi, 1560 I0 kA kuzala lAbha racita 'DholA mArU', 1474 I0 meM jJAnasAgara racita 'zrIpAlarAsa', 1541 I0 meM likhita evaM 1621 I0 meM pratilipikRta jJAnacandra racita 'siMhAsana battIsI' Adi haiN| (I) vardhamAna bhaNDAra : yahA~ para 1000 graMtha 47 baMDaloM meM surakSita haiN| hindI evaM saMskRta granthoM kI dRSTi se yaha bhaMDAra mUlyavAna hai / 1. bIjai lesa, pR0 60-73 / 28

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434 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma ( u ) jinaharSasUri bhaNDAra : isa bhaMDAra meM 295 grantha 27 baMDaloM meM surakSita haiM / (U) bhuvana bhakti bhaNDAra : isa bhaMDAra meM 476 grantha baMDaloM meM surakSita haiM / sAdhAraNa saMgraha hone para bhI yahA~ katipaya durlabha grantha haiM jaise lakSmIballabhagaNI kRta 'kumArasambhava vRtti' evaM rAjasthAnI bhASA kI 'rAjAbhoja bhAnumati kathA' Adi haiM / (e) rAmacandra bhaNDAra : inameM 300 grantha 9 baMDaloM meM surakSita haiM / adhikAMza grantha pratilipikRta haiM / (ai) mehara canda bhaNDAra : isameM 295 grantha 9 baMDaloM meM surakSita haiM / (o) abIra jI bhaNDAra : isameM lagabhaga 500 grantha haiM / (kha) zrIpUjya bhaNDAra : yaha bhaMDAra vRhad kharataragaccha ke bar3e upAsare meM sthita hai / isameM 2 saMgraha haiM / zrI pUjya ke saMgraha meM lagabhaga 2500 grantha haiM jo 85 baMDaloM meM haiM / 2000 mudrita pustakeM haiM / caturbhuja yati ke saMgraha meM 800 grantha 14 baMDaloM meM surakSita haiM / isake atirikta 100 guTake bhI haiM, jinameM vibhinna bhASAoM kI racanAoM kA saMkalana hai / (ga) zrI jaina lakSmI mohana bhaMDAra : gar3I ke cauka meM avasthita yaha bhaMDAra 1894 I0 meM upAdhyAya jayacaMda ke guru mohanalAla ke dvArA sthApita kiyA gayA thA / isameM 2529 granthoM kA saMgraha 121 baMDaloM meM surakSita hai / isake atirikta 200 guTake bhI haiM / Agama sAhitya ko dRSTi se yaha bhaMDAra mahatvapUrNa hai / (gha) kSamAkalyANa jJAna bhaNDAra : yaha bhaNDAra suganAjI ke upAsare meM sthita hai / isameM 715 grantha haiM, jisameM " kharataragacchIya gurvAvalI" sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa evaM durlabha grantha hai / harSasAgarasUri ne isa bhaNDAra kI grantha sUcI taiyAra kI / (Ga) upAzraya bhaNDAra : yaha rAMgar3I ke nikaTa boharoM kA serI meM avasthita hai / isameM lagabhaga 805 grantha 23 baMDaloM meM surakSita haiM / yahA~ ke prAkRta evaM saMskRta ke hastalikhita grantha mahatvapUrNa haiM /

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jaina zAstra bhaMDAra : 435 (ca) chattIbAI upAzraya jJAna bhaNDAra : yaha bhaNDAra nAhaToM kI guvAr3a meM sthita chattobAI ke upAzraya meM hai| isameM 300 grantha saMgrahIta haiN| (cha) pannIbAI kA upAzraya bhaNDAra : yaha upAsarA chattIbAI ke upAsare ke pIche hai / isameM lagabhaga 300 grantha saMgrahIta haiM / (ja) mahopAdhyAya rAmalAla kA saMgraha : yaha rAmalAla kA vyaktigata saMgraha hai, jisameM lagabhaga 507 grantha hai / siddhAnta, purANa evaM caritra grantha adhika hai| (jha) kharatarAcArya zAkhA kA graMtha bhaNDAra : isameM lagabhaga 1895 grantha haiM jisakI sUcI bhI yahA~ upalabdha hai| (tra) hemacandrasUri pustakAlaya : yaha bhaNDAra bAMThiyA kI guvAr3a meM sthita pAyacanda gaccha ke upAsare meM hai| isameM lagabhaga 1200 grantha haiM jinameM Agama, siddhAnta, purANa aura kathA sAhitya kI adhikatA hai| (Ta) kuzalacanda gaNI pustakAlaya : ___ yaha rAmapuriyA ko guvAr3a meM sthita hai| isameM lagabhaga 450 graMtha haiN| kucha mudrita grantha bhI haiN| (Tha) yati mohana lAla kA saMgraha : yaha surANA kI guvAr3a meM sthita lokAgaccha ke upAsare meM hai / (Da) abhaya jaina graMthAlaya : yaha bhaNDAra zaMkaradAsa nAhaTA ne apane dvitIya putra abhayarAja nAhaTA kI smRti meM sthApita karavAyA thaa| isa granthAlaya meM kevala jaina grantha hI nahIM apitu veda, purANa, upaniSada, kAvya, nATaka, chaMda, jyotiSa, vaidyaka, maMtrataMtra Adi sabhI viSaya ke granthoM kA acchA saMgraha hai| yahA~ vibhinna prAntoM ke vividha bhASAoM ke grantha bhI haiN| isameM lagabhaga 60,000 grantha haiM jinameM bahuta bar3I saMkhyA durlabha granthoM kI hai / ' apUrNa grantha bhI kucheka haiM / lagabhaga 1000 ko saMkhyA to patra evaM guTakoM kI hai| eka-eka guTake meM kaI-kaI racanAe~ haiM / yahA~ kucha tADapatrIya grantha bhI haiN| isake atirikta isa bhaNDAra meM aitihAsika sAmagrI, jainAcAryoM evaM yatiyoM ke patra, rAjAoM ke patra, zAhI pharamAna, vizeSa abhilekha, paMcAMga evaM 1644 I0 se vartamAna taka ke osavAloM kI vaMzAvalo bhI hai / isameM prAcIna citra, citrita vijJapti patra, sacitra sUcanAe~, citrita vastrapaTTa, 1. nAhaTA, rAjaisA meM prakAzita lekha /

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436 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma prAcIna sikke, davAteM, svarNa evaM rajata syAhI ke dvArA aMkita pAMDulipiyoM kA bhI kalApUrNa evaM bhavya saMgraha hai| isa bhaNDAra ko saMvaddhita karane kA zreya agaracanda nAhaTA evaM bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA ko hai| (Dha) anUpa saMskRta lAibrerI : isameM hajAroM jaina hastalikhita pratiyA~ haiM va eka svataMtra jaina vibhAga hai jisakI sUcI prakAzita nahIM hai / mahArAjA anUpa siMha ke vidyA prema se prabhAvita hokara bar3agaccha, pAyacanda gaccha, kharataragaccha Adi ke AcAryoM evaM yatiyoM ne hajAroM pratiyA~ mahArAjA ko dI thiiN| yahAM kaI durlabha grantha bhI haiN| isameM lagabhaga 15,000 pAMDulipiyA~ saMgrahIta haiN| (Na) yati lacchIrAma kA saMgraha : yati lacchorAma ke adhikAra meM bhI kucha mahattvapUrNa grantha haiN| (ta) kocaroM ke upAzraya meM sthita bhaNDAra : yaha kocaroM kI guvAr3a meM sthita hai / isameM 30 baMDaloM meM lagabhaga 800 grantha haiN| (tha) yati jayakaraNa kA saMgraha : isameM lagabhaga 250 grantha haiM / uparokta sabhI bhaNDAra upAsaroM meM sthita hai| isake atirikta zrAvakoM ke vyaktigata adhikAra meM bhI kucha zAstra bhaNDAra haiM / (da) seThiyA lAibrerI: yaha agaracanda bhairodAna seThiyA jaina pAramArthika saMsthA ke antargata hai / isameM mudrita granthoM ke atirikta lagabhaga 1500 hastalikhita pAMDulipiyA~ haiM / (dha) govinda pustakAlaya : yaha nAhaToM ko guvAr3a meM sthita hai| isakI sthApanA govindarAma bhIkhamacanda bhaMsAlI ne kI thii| isameM 1700 hastalikhita pratiyA~ evaM 1200 mudrita grantha hai| (na) motIcanda khajAMcI kA saMgraha : __isameM kula 6,000 hastalikhita grantha haiM jinameM kucha sacitra bhI haiM / (pa) manamala koThArI kA saMgraha : yahA~ para 300 hastalikhita evaM 2,000 mudrita grantha saMgrahIta haiN| (pha) jeThIbAI kA jJAna bhaNDAra : yaha bodharoM kI guvAr3a meM sthita hai| isameM lagabhaga 500 hastalikhita pratiyA~ haiM / ukta bhaNDAroM ke atirikta maMgala deva mAlU ke yahA~ bhI zatAdhika pratiyA~ haiM / isI taraha zivacandra bhAvaka, rAmapuriyA parivAra, kucha yatiyoM Adi ke pAsa bhI hastalikhita grantha haiN| pAyacanda gaccha usare meM bhI acchA saMgraha hai| muni jina vijaya

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jaina zAstra bhaMDAra : 437 kI preraNA se bIkAnera ke kucha mahatvapUrNa zvetAmbara jJAna bhaNDAra rAjasthAna sarakAra ke saMrakSaNa meM de diye gaye haiN| zrIpUjya ke upAsare kI hastalikhita pratiyAM, motIcanda khajAMcI kA saMgraha, upAdhyAya jayacandra tathA anya yatiyoM ke saMgraha tathA pAyacanda gaccha ke upAzraya kA saMgraha-"rAjya prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna', bIkAnera zAkhA ko saMrakSaNa hetu pradAna kara diyA gayA hai| isa prakAra bIkAnera ko pAMDulipiyoM kA zahara kahA jA sakatA hai| jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM kI bahuta bar3I saMkhyA bIkAnera ke par3osI kasboM meM bhI vidyamAna hai| 2. gaMgAzahara kA zAstra bhaNDAra: gaMgAzahara bIkAnera se 2 mIla dUra hai| isa bhaNDAra meM lagabhaga 300 hastalikhita grantha haiM jo jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI sabhA ke niyaMtraNa meM haiM / 3. curU ke do pustakAlaya : curU meM surANA lAibrerI aura kharataragacchIya yati varajI ke upAsare meM avasthita jJAna bhaNDAra, donoM mahatvapUrNa haiM / surANA lAibrerI meM lagabhaga 2,500 grantha haiN| tAr3apatrIya evaM sacitra granthoM kI bhI katipaya pratiyA~ upalabdha haiN| subhakaraNa surANA ne isa bhaMDAra kI sUcI banAI thI, jo aprakAzita hai / yatijI ke saMgraha meM 3785 granthoM kA saMgraha hai| sabhI kAgaja grantha hai / 4. rAjagar3ha kA osavAla pustakAlaya : isameM 6 baMDaloM meM lagabhaga 200 pAMDulipiyA~ saMgrahIta haiN| 5. jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI sabhA kA grantha bhaNDAra, saradAra zahara : isa bhaNDAra meM 1471 hastalikhita grantha haiN| yahA~ 1477 I0 meM pratilipikRta "kalpasUtra" kI svaNima syAhI meM aMkita eka prati hai| 6.bhInAsara kA jJAna bhaNDAra: bIkAnera se 3 mIla dUra hai / bahAdura mala bAMThiyA ke saMgraha meM 700-800 pratiyA~ haiM / yati sumeramala kA saMgraha bhI prasiddha hai| campAlAla vaida ke pAsa bhI vyaktigata saMgraha hai| 7. kAlU grAma ke saMgraha : yahA~ yati kizanalAla ke saMgraha meM kucha hastalikhita grantha haiM / 8. nauhara : yahA~ kaI zrAvakoM ke pAsa vyaktigata saMgraha haiM / 9. sUratagar3ha : yahA~ ke jaina mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM hastalikhita pratiyoM kA acchA saMgraha hai|

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438 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 10. hanumAna gar3ha : yahA~ tArAcanda tAter3a kA saMgraha mahattvapUrNa hai| devI jI ke mandira meM bar3agaccha ke yati jI kA bhI saMgraha hai / 11. rAjadelasara : yahA~ ke upakezagacchIya yati daulata sundara ke saMgraha meM kucha hastalikhita grantha prApta hote haiM / 12. ratanagar3ha : yahA~ vaidoM kI lAibrerI evaM sohanalAla vaida ke pAsa kucha graMtha haiM / 13. bIdAsara : yahA~ para yati gaNezacanda ke pAsa hastalikhita graMthoM ke 15-20 baMDala haiM / 14. chApara : yahA~ mohana lAla dudheriyA ke pAsa mahattvapUrNa granthoM kI pratiyA~ va citroM kA acchA saMgraha hai / 15. sujAnagar3ha : yahA~ loMkAccha ke anuyAyI vaidya rAmalAla yati, kharataragaccha ke yati dudhecanda evaM dAnacanda copar3A kI lAibrerI meM hastalikhita grantha haiM / isake atirikta pannAcandra siMdhI jaina mandira meM bhI kucha hastalikhita pratiyA~ haiM / 16. riNI : yahA~ pannAlAla ke vyaktigata saMgraha meM kucha grantha haiM / 17. anya saMgraha : saradAra zahara meM zrIcaMda gaNezadAsa gadheyA kI havelI meM bhI acchA saMgraha hai / upakeza gaccha ( kaMvalA gaccha ) ke zrIpUjya aura yati premasundara ke saMgraha bhI mahattvapUrNa haiM / yahIM para dulIcaMda seThiyA ke pAsa kaI sau hastalikhita grantha haiM / isake alAvA AsapAsa gA~voM meM zrAvakoM ke pAsa choTe-choTe vyaktigata saMgraha bhI haiM / uparokta bhaNDAroM ke durlabha graMtha : bIkAnera kSetra ke ukta bhaNDAroM meM kaI durlabha grantha prApta haiM / pAzupatAcArya kI 'prabodha siddhi' aura mUlaka kI 'vAgezvara dhvaja pratijJA gAMgeya' tAr3apatra para aMkita haiM / inameM siddhi caMdra kA 'bhAnucaritra', jinapAlopAdhyAya kI 'kharataragaccha gurvAvalI', 'vAdideva sUri caritra' evaM vibhinna lekhakoM dvArA racita kharataragaccha, lokAgaccha, bar3agaccha Adi kI paTTAvaliyA~ upalabdha haiM / ina bhaNDAroM ke kaI grantha aitihAsika mahattva ke haiM jaise'jaitasIrAso', 'rasavilAsa', 'bacchAvata vaMzAvalI', 'jinabhadra sUri rAsa', 'jinapati sUri rAsa', 'jinakuzala sUri rAsa', 'jinapadma sUri rAsa', 'jinarAja sUri rAsa', 'jina ratana -

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jaina zAstra bhaMDAra : 439 sUri rAsa', 'jina sAgara sUri rAsa' aura 'vijaya siMha sUri rAsa' / kucha saMskRta ke durlabha jaina kAvya bhI haiM, jaise nandIratna ke ziSyoM dvArA racita 'sArasvatollAsa kAvya', 'vimala kIrti racita 'caMdradatta kAvya', munIza sUri racita 'haMsadUta', zrIvallabha racita 'vidvat prabodha', indranandI sUri ke ziSya dvArA racita 'vairAgya zataka', munisoma racita 'raNasiMha carita, sumati vijaya racita 'priya vilAsa', suracaMdagaNI racita 'paMca tIrthI stava', devAnanda sUri racita 'ajitaprabhu caritra' pratiSThA soma racita 'dharmadUta', rAjaballabha racita 'siMhAsana dvAtriMzikA' aura zyAma sundara racita 'jinasiMha padotsava kAvya' / ina bhaNDAroM meM jaina evaM ajaina granthoM para saMskRta TIkAe~ bhI haiM jo anyatra upalabdha nahIM hotIM, jaise--- harSaMnandana racita 'uttarAdhyayana vRtti', ajita deva sUri racita ' kalpasUtra vRtti', jayadalAla racita 'nandI sUtra vRtti', zyAma sundara racita 'vAgbhaTAlaMkAra vRtti' aura 'nebhidatta vRtti' Adi / 1 (sa) ajamera saMbhAga : 1. jayapura : savAI jayasiMha ne 1727 I0 meM jayapura nagara basAkara Amera ke sthAna para ise apanI rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| uttarI bhArata meM dillI ke atirikta jayapura hI digambara samAja kA pramukha kendra rahA hai / 200 varSa pUrva rAyamalla ne ise jinapurI likhA thA / " vartamAna meM jayapura meM 170 maMdira va caityAlaya haiM / sabhI meM svAdhyAya ke nimitta hasta likhita granthoM kA saMgraha milatA hai, lekina kucheka meM purAne granthoM kA apUrva saMgraha hai / (ka) Amera zAstra bhaMDAra : pUrva meM yaha bhaNDAra Amera ke neminAtha mandira meM thA / lekina kucha varSoM se ise mahAvIra bhavana, jayapura meM sthAnAMtarita kara diyA gayA hai / 18vIM zatAbdI meM yaha bhaMDAra 'bhaTTAraka devendra kIrti zAstra bhaNDAra' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thA / isameM 2705 hastalikhita grantha evaM 150 guTake haiM / prAcInatama grantha puSpadanta dvArA likhita 'uttara purANa' hai jo 1334 I0 kI apabhraMza bhASA kI pratilipikRta kRti hai / yahA~ 15vIM, 16vIM evaM 17vIM zatAbdiyoM meM pratilipi kI gaI pAMDulipiyoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai / apabhraMza granthoM kI dRSTi se yaha bhaNDAra bahuta sampanna evaM mUlyavAna hai | yahA~ apabhraMza ke lagabhaga 50 grantha haiM | apabhraMza ke prathama lekhaka svayaMbhU kI racanAoM ke prArambha se 1. kAsalIvAla - rAjaisA, pR0 376 lekha 'rAjasthAna ke jaina grantha saMgrahAlaya' / 2. DaoN0 kAsalIvAla ke zodha prabandha ke AdhAra para varNita haiM / 3. Amera zAstra bhaMDAra, jayapura kI grantha sUcI | 4. rAjezAgrasU 2, bhUmikA | "

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440 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma lekara antima mAnya lekhaka mAnikarAja racita 'amarasena carita' isa bhaNDAra meM prApya haiM / 11vIM zatAbdI meM nayanaMdi racita 'sakala vidhi nidhAna' aura 10vIM zatAbdI meM padmakIrti racita 'pArzvapurANa' yahA~ ke durlabha grantha haiM / isI prakAra saMskRta meM prakAza varSa dvArA likhita 'kirAtArjunIya' kI TIkA bhI yahA~ hai jo anya bhaMDAroM meM nahI hai / sakalakIrti, brahmajinadAsa, chohala, banArasIdAsa Adi kI racanAe~ bhI isa bhaMDAra meM haiM / yahA~ jainetara lekhakoM ke grantha bhI saMgrahIta haiM / yahA~ kI grantha sUcI prakAzita hai / " (kha) bar3Amandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra : yaha bhaMDAra ra ghI vAloM ke rAste meM digambara jaina terApaMthI mandira meM hai, jo jayapura ke sabase bar3e zAstra bhaMDAroM meM se eka hai / yahA~ 2630 kAgaja grantha aura 324 guTake saMgrahIta haiM / ToDaramala, jayacaMda chAbar3A, sadAsukha kAsalIvAla Adi vidvAnoM ne isa bhaMDAra kI saMvRddhi hetu vizeSa prayAsa kiye the / AcArya kuMdakunda kI prAkRta kRti 'paMcAstikAya' yahA~ kA prAcInatama grantha hai jo 1272 I0 meM yoginipura ( dillI) meM pratilipi kiyA huA hai / anya ullekhanIya granthoM meM 1540 I0 kI 'AdipurANa' kI 558 citroM sahita prati hai / 'jambUsvAmI caritra' evaM 'pauma cariya' para saMskRta kI 2 TIkAe~ bhI upalabdha haiM / 10vIM zatAbdI kI dhavala racita 'harivaMza purANa' bhI yahA~ prApya hai / 1314 I0 meM delha racita 'caubIsI' bhI yahA~ khojI gaI hai / gorakhanAtha, kabIra, bihArI, kezava, vRMda jaise jainetara kaviyoM kI racanAe~, apabhraMza kavi abdula rahamAna kA 'saMdeza rAsaka' evaM mahAkavi bhAravi ke 'kirAtArjunIya' para prakAza varSa kI saMskRta TIkA kI pAMDulipiyoM kA isa bhaNDAra meM ullekhanIya saMgraha hai / (ga) pAMDyA lUNakaraNa kA graMtha bhaNDAra : yaha grantha bhaMDAra paMDita lUNakaraNa dvArA 18vIM zatAbdI ke anta meM sthApita kiyA gayA thA / ye jyotiSa, Ayurveda, maMtra zAstra ke vidvAn, svAdhyAya premI evaM bhaTTAraka jagatkIrti ke praziSya the| inakI 1731 I0 meM racita 'yazodhara carita' kI pAMDulipi bhI yahA~ upalabdha hai / isa bhaMDAra meM 807 hastalikhita grantha evaM 225 guTake haiM / yahA~ kI prAcInatama pAMDulipi 1350 I0 meM lipibaddha 'paramAtmaprakAza' hai / bhaTTAraka sakala kIrti ke 'yazodhara carita' kI sacitra prati bhI yahA~ upalabdha hai | (gha) bAbA dulIcanda kA zAstra bhaNDAra : yaha bhaNDAra bhI digaMbara terApaMthI bar3A mandira meM avasthita hai / ise 1854 I0 meM bAbA dulIcanda ne sthApita kiyA thA / ye pUnA ke nivAsI the / jayapura ko surakSA ko 1. rAjezAgrasU, bhAga - 1 | 2. rAjezAgrasU, 2 bhUmikA / 3. vahI /

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jaina zAstra bhaMDAra : 441 dRSTi se ucita samajha kara yahA~ bhaNDAra sthApita kiyA gyaa| ye hindI evaM saMskRta ke 'vidvAn the aura svayaM ne 15 se adhika granthoM kA hindI anuvAda kiyA thA jo yahIM para saMgrahIta bhI haiN| inhoMne apanI yAtrA para 'jaina yAtrA darpaNa' nAmaka varNanAtmaka grantha bhI likhaa| isa bhaNDAra meM lagabhaga 850 grantha haiN| adhikAMza hindI grantha haiM yA saMskRta TIkAeM haiN| sabase prAcIna prati 1477 I0 ko kriyAkalApaTIkA' hai, jo mAMDavagar3ha meM sultAna gayAsuddIna ke rAjya meM likhI gaI thii| isa bhaNDAra meM 'AptamImAMsA', 'tattvArtha sUtra' kI svarNamayI prati, 'gommaTasAra' evaM 'trilokasAra' kI sacitra prati evaM pannAlAla caudharI dvArA likhita DAlUrAma kRta 'dvAdazAMga pUjA' ko prati bhI darzanIya haiM / isa bhaNDAra jaisI sundara hastalikhita pratiyAM anyatra nahIM haiN| (Ga) badhIcaMda jaina maMdira kA zAstra bhaNDAra : yaha zAstra bhaNDAra' badhIcanda ke prasiddha mandira meM avasthita hai jo jauharI bAjAra meM ghI vAloM ke rAste meM sthita hai| isa bhaNDAra kI sthApanA 1738 I0 meM jayapura rAjya ke dIvAna badhIcanda ke dvArA mandira pUrNa hone ke uparAnta kI gaI thii| isameM guTakoM sahita 1278 grantha hai| sabhI kAgaja grantha vibhinna bhASAoM meM racita haiN| isa bhaNDAra kA prAcInatama grantha apabhraMza bhASA ke vardhamAna kAvya para saMskRta kI eka TIkA hai jo 1424 I0 meM racita eka durlabha kRti hai| yahA~ apabhraza ke katipaya mahattvapUrNa grantha bhI haiM / mahAkavi svayaMbhU kA 'harivaMza purANa' yahA~ upalabdha hai, jisako sampUrNa bhArata meM 3-4 pratiyAM hI prApta huI haiN| 1354 I0 meM sudhArU dvArA rAjasthAnI meM racita 'pradyumna caritra' bhI yahA~ upalabdha hai| guTakoM meM vidvAnoM ke laghu kArya evaM kaviyoM kI kRtiyA~ saMkalita haiM, jaise sakalakIti, chohala, haMsarAja, ThakkurasI, jinadAsa, banArasIdAsa Adi / 18vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn ajayarAja pATanI kI 20 kRtiyA~ yahA~ khojI gaI hai| paM0 ToDaramala evaM gumAnIrAma ne isa bhaNDAra ke saMvardhana meM asIma yogadAna diyo / ToDaramala kI racanAoM ko mUla pAMDulipiyA~ bhI yahA~ saMgrahIta haiM / (ca) TholiyA jaina mandira kA grantha bhaNDAra : TholiyA parivAra dvArA sthApita yaha zAstra bhaNDAra evaM mandira ghI vAloM ke rAste meM hai / isameM 658 hastalikhita grantha evaM 125 guTake haiN| adhikAMza pAMDulipiyA~ sAMgAnera evaM Amera se lAI huI haiN| isa bhaNDAra meM upalabdha prAcInatama grantha brahmadeva likhita 'dravya saMgraha' para eka TIkA hai, jo 1359 I0 meM phirojazAha ke zAsanakAla meM yoginIpura meM pratilipi kI gaI thii| isameM 16voM, 17vIM evaM 18vIM zatAbdI ke granthoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai| yahA~ zubhacandra, hemarAja, raghunAtha, brahma jinadAsa, brahmajJAna sAgara evaM 1. rAjezAprasU, bhAga-3, bhUmikA /

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442 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma padmanAbha kI racanAe~ vizeSataH ullekhanIya haiN| 'pUjA saMgraha' nAmaka citrita grantha meM pUjA ke maMDapoM ke raMgIna citra diye huye haiM / (cha) pATaudI jaina mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra : yaha zAstra bhaNDAra jayapura ke caukar3I modIkhAnA meM sthita pATodI mandira meM ava-sthita hai / isa mandira kA prArambhika nAma AdinAtha caityAlaya bhI thA / jayapura nagara ke nirmANa ke samaya hI jodharAja pATaudI ne isa mandira kA nirmANa karavAkara yahA~ zAstra bhaNDAra sthApita kiyA / yahA~ zAstroM kI kula saMkhyA 2257 tathA guTakoM kI saMkhyA 308 hai / eka-eka guTake meM kaI kRtiyoM kA saMgraha hai / 'bhaktAmara stotra' evaM 'tattvArtha-sUtra' kI eka-eka tAr3apatrIya prati ko chor3akara zeSa saba kAgaja grantha haiM / yahA~ vastrAMkita jambU dvIpa, ar3hAI dvIpa, yaMtra evaM maMtra Adi kA ullekhanIya saMgraha hai / isa bhaNDAra meM mahAkavi puSpadanta ke 'jasahara cariu' kI prati sabase prAcIna hai jo 1350 I0 meM candrapura durga meM pratilipi kI gaI thI / yahA~ 15vIM se 18vIM zatAbdI ke madhya racita granthoM kI saMkhyA sarvAdhika hai / isa bhaNDAra meM lagabhaga 450 grantha vaidika sAhitya se sambandhita haiM / isa bhaNDAra ke guTake Ayurveda kI jAnakArI evaM jaina kaviyoM kI nayI racanAoM ke bAre meM ajJAta jAnakArI pradAna karate haiM / kavi ralha kI 1297 I0 meM racita 'jinadatta caupAI' guTake meM hI khojI gaI hai / yahA~ ke saMskRta ke ajJAta granthoM meM 'vratakathA koSa' ( sakalakIrti evaM devendra kIrti ), AzAdhara kRta 'bhUpAla catuvizati stotra' TIkA evaM 'ratnatrayavidhi', bhaTTAraka sakala kIrti kA 'paramAtmarAja stotra', bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra kA 'munisuvrata chanda, vinayacanda ko 'bhUpAla caturviMzati' stotra kI TIkA ullekhanIya haiM / apabhraMza bhASA meM lakSmaNadeva kRta 'NemiNAha cariu', narasena kI 'jina -- rAtri vidhAna kathA', muni guNabhadra kA 'rohiNI vidhAna' evaM 'dazalakSaNa kathA', vimalasena kI ' sugandha dazamI kathA' Adi ajJAta racanAe~ haiM / rAjasthAnI evaM hindI bhASA kI bhI kaI ajJAta racanAeM isa bhaNDAra meM upalabdha huI haiM / (ja) candraprabhu sarasvatI bhaNDAra : yaha sarasvatI bhavana choTe dIvAnajI ke mandira meM sthita hai jo lAlajI sAMDA kA rAstA caukar3I modI khAnA meM sthita hai / yaha amaracanda dIvAna kA mandira bhI kahalAtA hai jo 19vIM zatAbdI meM jayapura ke khyAti prApta dIvAna the / isa bhaNDAra meM saMskRta granthoM kI apUrva sampadA hai | yahA~ kula 830 grantha haiM jinameM se 360 apUrNa haiM / yahA~ pUjA evaM siddhAnta granthoM kA bhI acchA saMgraha hai / 1563 I0 meM likhita ' kArtikeyAnuprekSA' isa bhaNDAra kI prAcInatama pratilipi hai / isa bhaNDAra ke katipaya durlabha grantha - - pUrNacandrAcArya kRta 'upasarga hara stotra' ( 1496 I0 ), Amradeva kRta 'labdhi vidhAna kathA' ( 1550.

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jaina zAstra bhaMDAra : 443 I0 ), amarakIti kRta 'SaTkarmopadezaratnamAlA' ( 1565 I0 ), pUjyapAda kRta 'sarvArtha siddhi', puSpadanta kRta 'yazodhara carita' ( 1573 I0 ), brahmanemi kRta 'neminAtha purANa ( 1598 I0 ), jodharAja kRta 'pravacanasAra bhASA' ( 1673 I0 ) Adi haiM / ajJAta kRtiyoM meM tejapAla kavi kRta saMbhava jiNaNAha cariya' ( apabhraMza ) mukhya hai / (jha) jobanera mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra : yaha zAstra bhaNDAra digaMbara jaina mandira jobanera, khejar3e kA rAstA cA~da pola bAjAra meM avasthita hai / grantha saMgrahaNa meM paM0 pannAlAla va unake ziSya pa0 bakhtAvara lAla kA vizeSa sahayoga rahA jisake phalasvarUpa yahA~ jyotiSa, Ayurveda, maMtrazAstra va pUjA sAhitya kA acchA saMkalana hai / isameM 23 guTakoM sahita 340 grantha haiM / yahA~ 17vIM se 19vIM zatAbdI ke madhya racita grantha adhika haiM / sabase prAcIna prati 'padmanandI paMcavizati' kI hai jo 1521 I0 meM pratilipi kI gaI thI / yahA~ ke ullekhanIya granthoM meM AzAdhara kI 'ArAdhanA sAra' TIkA, kSemendrakIti kRta 'gajapaMtha maMDala pUjana', zAMti kuzala kA 'aMjanArAsa', pRthvIrAja kA 'rUkmiNI vivAhalo', raghurAja kA 'samayasAra' nATaka, 1716 I0 kI 'bihArI satasaI' kI prati Adi haiM / yahA~ 16 svapnoM ke pratIka citroM se aMkita eka vastra paTTa bhI hai / (Ja) pArzvanAtha digaMbara jaina sarasvatI bhavana : yaha khavAsa jI ke rAste meM sthita mandira meM hai / isakI sthApanA 1748 I0 meM kI gaI thI / yahA~ 540 grantha evaM 18 guTake haiM, jinameM saMskRta ke grantha evaM 17vIM18vIM zatAbdI kI kRtiyA~ adhika haiM / yahA~ prAkRta evaM apabhraMza ko bhI kRtiyA~ haiM / sabhI kAgaja grantha haiM / prAcInatama grantha 1388 I0 meM pratilipikRta mANikya sUri kA 'jalodaya kAvya' hai / yahA~ AzAdhara ke 'pratiSThA pATha' kI 1459 I0 meM vastrAMkita pratilipi bhI vidyamAna hai / yaha jayapura zahara ke vastrAMkita granthoM meM prAcInatama hai / yahIM para 30 citroM vAlI 1743 I0 meM pratilipikRta 'yazodhara carita' kI sundara evaM kalApUrNa prati bhI hai / yahA~ kaI mahattvapUrNa, prAcIna va ajJAta kRtiyA~ haiM / ajJAta kRtiyoM meM vijayasiMha kRta 'ajitanAtha purANa' ( apabhraMza ), dAmodara kRta 'NemiNAha cariya', guNanandikRta vIranandi ke candraprabha kAvya kI paMjikA ( saMskRta ), jagannAthakRta 'neminarendra stotra' ( saMskRta ), padmanandi kRta 'varddhamAna kAvya', zubhacandra kRta 'tattravarNana ' ( saMskRta ), candramunikRta 'purANa sAgara' ( saMskRta ), indrajIta kRta 'muni suvrata purANa' ( hindI ) Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / (Ta) godhA mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra : 18vIM zatAbdI meM isa mandira ke nirmANa ke pazcAt se hI yahA~ grantha saMgraha prArambhaH ho gayA / adhikAMza grantha sAMgAnera ke mandiroM se lAye gaye / vartamAna meM yahA~ 696 granthaH

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444 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma evaM 10 guTake haiM / 17vIM se 19vIM zatAbdI ke madhya kA purANa, carita, kathA aura stotra sAhitya yahA~ upalabdha hai| isa bhaNDAra kA prAcInatama grantha 1429 I0 meM pratilipi kiyA gayA zrutasAgara dvArA saMskRta meM racita 'vratakathA koSa' hai| hindI evaM rAjasthAnI kI durlabha racanAoM meM-Thakkura kavi kRta 'ciMtAmaNi jayamAla' evaM 'sImaMdharastavana', palha kavi kRta gIta evaM 'AdinAtha stavana', siMhanandikRta 'nemIzvara caumAsA' evaM 'cetanagIta', ratnakIrti kRta 'nemizvara rAsa' evaM 'nemizvara hiMDolanA', hemarAja kRta 'dravya saMgraha bhASA', DAlUrAma kRta 'caturdazI kathA' haiM, 1572 I0 meM racita DUMgara kavi kI 'holikA caupAI' kA paricaya prathama bAra isI bhaNDAra meM milatA hai| saMskRta granthoM meM umAsvAmI viracita 'paMca parameSThI stotra' mahattvapUrNa hai / anya prAcIna pratiyA~ 'vimalanAtha purANa', guNabhadrAcArya kRta 'dhanya kumAra carita' (1595 I0), 'vidagdha mukhamaMDana' (1626 I0), 'sArasvata dIpikA' (1600 I0), dhanaMjaya kRta 'nAmamAlA' ( 1586 I0), amitagati kRta 'dharma parIkSA ( 1596 I0 ) Adi ullekhanIya haiN| banArasIdAsa kRta 'samayasAra' nATaka ( 1647 I0) bhI yahA~ upalabdha hai| (Tha) zvetAmbara jaina grantha bhaNDAra, jayapura : kuMDIgaroM kA bherU jI kA rAstA meM sthita jaina upAzraya meM yaha bar3A bhaNDAra hai 'jisameM 3500 grantha saMgrahIta haiN| prAcInatama grantha 'anantaliyA sUtra' hai jo 1428 I0 meM pratilipi kiyA gayA thaa| anya prAcIna grantha-1452 I0 meM pratilipikRta 'AcArAMga' bAlAvabodha aura 1447 I0 meM pratilipikRta pArzvanAtha caritra' haiN| (Da) nayA mandira kA grantha bhaNDAra : yaha bhaNDAra bhaumiyoM ke rAste meM sthita naye mandira (rAThiyoM ke mandira ) meM saMgrahIta hai / isameM 150 hastalikhita grantha haiM jinameM vIranandi kRta 'candraprabha carita' kI 1467 I0 kI taiyAra pratilipi sabase prAcIna hai / yahA~ ke katipaya ullekhanIya granthaguNabhadrAcArya kRta 'uttara purANa' (1549 I0 ), brahmajinadAsa kRta 'harivaMza purANa' (1584 I0), dIpacanda kRta 'jJAnadarpaNa', lokasena kRta 'daza lakSaNa kathA', brahmajinadAsa kRta 'aThAvIsa mUla guNa rAsa' evaM 'dAna kathA' tathA brahma ajita kA 'haMsa tilaka rAsa' aura rAjahaMsopAdhyAya kI 'SaSThyAdhika zataka' kI TIkA ( 1522 I0 ) Adi mahattvapUrNa haiN| yahA~ kucha granthoM kI svarNAkSarI pratiyA~ bhI haiN| ina pratiyoM para adbhuta belabUTe citrita haiN| (Dha) caudhariyoM ke digambara jaina maMdira kA zAstra bhaNDAra : yaha bhaNDAra barbolI ke kue ke pAsa caukar3o modIkhAnA meM sthita mandira (neminAtha

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jaina zAstra bhaMDAra : 445. mandira) meM vidyamAna hai / isameM 108 grantha saMgrahIta haiM, jisameM 75 hindI ke vazeSa saMskRta ke haiM / adhikAMza grantha dainika svAdhyAyopayogI haiM / mukhya grantha jayacandra chAbar3A kRta 'jJAnArNava bhASA', khuzahAla candrakRta 'trilokasAra bhASA' Adi haiM / (Na) kAlA chAbar3A jaina maMdira kA zAstra maMdira : isa bhaNDAra meM 410 hastalikhita grantha haiM jo dharma, purANa, kathA, pUjA, stotrAdi se sambaddha haiM / yahA~ 106 guTake bhI haiM jinameM jaina va ajaina lekhakoM kI kRtiyA~ saMkalita haiM 1 (ta) megharAja jI maMdira kA zAstra bhaNDAra : yaha eka choTA saMgrahAlaya hai, jisameM 249 hastalikhita graMtha saMgrahIta haiM / inameM se adhikAMza pUjA, purANa, stotra Adi se sambandhita haiM / (tha) yazodAnaMda jaina maMdira kA zAstra bhaNDAra : yati yazodAnanda ne 1791 I0 meM isa mandira kA nirmANa karavAyA thA / yahA~ 353 grantha evaM 13 guTake haiM / saMgraha sAmAnya hai / ullekhIya grantha ' candraprabha kAvya paMjikA' (1907 I0), kundakunda kRta 'samayasAra ' (1557 I0), AzAdhara kRta 'sAgaradharmAmRta' (1571 I0), kevala mizra kRta 'tarkabhASA' (1612 I0) Adi haiM / isI prakAra dillI ke bAdazAhoM kI paTTAvaliyA~ aura bhaTTAraka dharmakIrti kI prazaMsA meM racita gIta bhI ullekhanIya haiM / (da) vijayarAma pAMDyA digambara jaina maMdira kA zAstra bhaNDAra : yaha bhaNDAra pAnoM kA darIbA caudharI rAmacandra jI meM sthita mandira meM vidyamAna hai / yahA~ ke grantha jIrNa-zIrNa haiM va bhaNDAra kI avasthA acchI nahIM hai / yahA~ 275 grantha evaM 79 guTake haiM / inameM saMgrahIta kRtiyoM meM vizvabhUSaNa kI 'nemizvara kI laharI', puNyastana kI 'neminAtha pUjA', zyAmakavi kI 'tIna caubIsI caupAI', syojI rAma kI 'lagnacandrikA' Adi mahattvapUrNa haiM / kaI kaviyoM ke pada bhI saMgrahIta haiM / lohaTa kRtaH 'SaTlezyAvRtti' ullekhanIya kRti 1 (dha) digambara jaina mandira saMdhI jI kA zAstra bhaNDAra : yaha bhaNDAra caukar3I modIkhAnA meM mahAvIra pArka ke pAsa sthita mandira meM hai / jayasiMha ke dIvAna jhUthArAma saMghI ne isakA nirmANa karavAyA thA / yahA~ 979 hastalikhita granthoM kA saMgraha hai / adhikAMza 18vIM va 19vIM zatAbdI ke racita haiM / prAcInatama kRti kundakunda kRta 'paMcAstikAya' kI 1430 I0 meM pratilipikRta upalabdha hai / anya prAcIna pratiyA~ harSakIrti kI 'anekArtha zataka' (1640 I0 ), dharmakIrti kI 'kaumudI kathA' (1606 I0), padmanandi kI 'zrAvakAcAra' (1556 I0), zubhacandrakRta

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446 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma - "pANDava purANa' (1556 I0) Adi haiM / yahA~ maheza kavi kRta 'hammIra rAso' kI eka prati bhI vidyamAna hai / isa bhaNDAra meM 66 guTake haiM jinameM hindI evaM saMskRta pAThoM kA acchA saMgraha hai / (na) lazkara ke digambara jaina mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra : yaha bhaNDAra boraDI ke rAste meM sthita jaina mandira meM hai / kesarI siMha kA isa grantha bhaNDAra ko mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai / isameM 825 hastalikhita grantha saMgrahIta haiM / ullekhanIya kRtiyA~ - ratnaprabhAcArya ke 'pramANanaya' kI TIkA ( 1499 I0) evaM 'sapta padArthaM vRtti' (1484 I0), amRtacandra ko 'paMcAstikAya TIkA saha' (1566 I0), kumArakavi kRta 'Atmaprabodha' (1515 I0 ) vidyAnandikRta 'Apta parIkSA' ( 1578 I0), prabhAcandra kRta 'ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra' para TIkA (1576 I0) Adi haiN| bhaTTAraka jJAna bhUSaNa ke 'AdIzvara phAga' kI (1530 I0) eka sundara prati yahA~ ke saMgraha meM hai / (pa) lAla bhavana sthita vinaya candra jJAna bhaNDAra : yaha bhaNDAra caur3A rAstA lAla bhavana meM avasthita hai tathA zvetAmbara zAstra bhaNDAroM meM ullekhanIya hai / AcArya hastomala kI preraNA se isa saMgraha meM saMvRddhi huI hai / yahA~ lagabhaga 7000 grantha mudrita va amudrita haiM / isa bhaNDAra ke sUcIkaraNa kA - kArya jArI hai / * (pha) anya bhaNDAra : kundIgara bhairoM ke rAste meM zivajIrAma bhavana meM svargIya muni kAnti sAgara kI hastalikhita pratiyoM kA saMgraha / isakA abhI taka sUcIkaraNa nahIM huA hai / kharatara - " gaccha ke zrImAloM ke upAsare meM tathA tapAgaccha upAzraya meM bhI granthoM kA saMgraha hai / jayapura ke mahArAjA kI lAibrerI pothI khAnA meM bhI 18,000 hastalikhita prattiyoM kA saMgraha hai / jayapura ke 'rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna' kI zAkhA meM jayapura ke gharaNeMdra sUri ne apanA saMgraha de diyA hai jisameM lagabhaga 2000 pratiyAM haiM / Amera kA bhaTTArakIya bhaNDAra zrI mahAvIra jI tIrtha kameTI ke zodha saMsthAna meM calA gayA hai / kucha saMgraha yati zyAmalAla jI ke adhikAra meM hai / 2. (ka) digambara jaina terApaMthI mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra, basavA : isa bhaNDAra meM granthoM kA saMgraha 100 se adhika nahIM hai kintu isa laghu saMgraha meM kaI pAMDulipiyA~ ullekhanIya haiM / inameM pAsakavi kRta 'pArzvanAtha stuti', devIdAsa kRta 'rAjanIti savaiyA', daulatarAmakRta 'adhyAtma bArahakhar3I' ullekhanIya haiM / (kha) digambara jaina paMcAyatI mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra, basavA : yaha eka prAcIna evaM mahattvapUrNa bhaNDAra hai / isameM 'kalpasUtra' kI 2 svarNAkSarI

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jaina zAstra bhaMDAra : 447 pAMDulipiyA~ haiM jisameM se eka meM 39 citra evaM dUsarI meM 42 citra haiN| ye pratiyA~ 1471 I0 evaM 1482 I0 kI haiN| yahA~ 'padmanandI mahAkAvya' kI prahlAda kRta eka saTIka prati bhI hai| anya ullekhanIya kRtiyA~-mahAkavi zrIdhara kI 1405 I0 kI apabhraza kRti 'bhaviSyadatta cariu' evaM 'samayasAra' kI tAtparya vRtti haiN| 3. zAstra bhaNDAra, bhAdavA : yaha digambara jaina maMdira meM eka choTA bhaNDAra hai, jisameM 130 grantha aura 20 guTake haiN| yahA~ durlabha grantha haiN| kucha ullekhanIya graMtha dayAnatarAya kA 'dharmavilAsa', bhagavatIdAsa kA 'brahmavilAsa', dharmadAsa kA 'dharmopadeza zrAvakAcAra', labdhi vijaya gaNI racita 'jJAnArNava bhASA' Adi haiM / 4. bhaTTAraka zAstra bhaNDAra, ajamera : yahA~ kA zAstra bhaNDAra digambara jaina mandira bar3A dhar3A meM sthita hai / bhaTTArakoM kI gAdI ajamera rahane se yaha bhaNDAra sAhityika gatividhiyoM kA kendra rahA / isameM vibhinna bhASAoM ke hastalikhita granthoM kI saMkhyA 3000 hai| yahA~ paM0 AzAdhara (13vIM zatAbdI ) ke 'adhyAtma rahasya' kI ekamAtra pAMDulipi jugala kizora mukhtAra ke dvArA khojI gaI thI / prAcInatama pAMDulipi 'samayasAra prAbhRta' kI hai jo 1406 I0 meM pratilipi kI gii| isake alAvA-vRSabhanaMdi kA 'jIvasAra samuccaya', tejapAla kA pArasa cariu', prabhAcaMdrAcArya kI 'AtmAnuzAsana TIkA', brahmajinadAsa kRta 'harivaMza purANa', AzAdhara kI 'sAgara dharmAmRta', Adi kRtiyA~ prathama bAra yahIM upalabdha huii| bhagavatI dAsa kI 'zIla battIsI', 'rAjamatI gota', 'agalapura jina vaMdanA', 'rAjAvalI', "banajArA gota', 'rAjamatI nemizvara rAsa' Adi eka hI guTake meM prApta huI hai| delha kavi kA 'buddhiprakAza', bUcarAja kA 'bhuvanakIrti gIta' evaM 'dharmakIrti gIta' itihAsa kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiN| isake atirikta bhaNDAra meM 'sAmudrika puruSa lakSaNa' evaM "zAMtipurANa' kI pratiyA~ bhI haiM / 5. graMtha bhaNDora, alavara : yahA~ 7 jaina maMdira haiM va sabhI meM grantha bhaNDAra haiN| khaNDelavAla jaina paMcAyatI maMdira meM 211 hastalikhita grantha, agravAla paMcAyato maMdira meM 186 grantha, chAjUjI ke maMdira meM 60 grantha, nasiyA ke jaina maMdira meM 42, bArA tallA jaina maMdira meM 41 grantha, sAbajI sAhiba ke jaina maMdira meM 40 aura nayA bAjAra jaina maMdira meM 39 grantha saMgrahIta haiN| isa prakAra yahA~ kula 619 grantha haiM jo 18vIM evaM 19vIM zatAbdI ke racita haiN| khaNDelavAla paMcAyatI maMdira meM "bhaktAmara stotra' evaM 'tattvArtha sUtra' kI svarNAkSarI pratiyAM haiM jo kalA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiM / yahA~ 46 guTake bhI haiM, jinameM 'adhyAtma bArahakhar3I' ( daulatarAma kAsalIvAla ), 'yazodhara caritra' ( parihAnaMda ), 'rAjavAtika'

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448 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma (bhaTTAkalaMka ) kI pratiyA~ vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / isa bhaNDAra meM jayapura ke mahArAjA savAI pratApasiMha ke saMrakSaNa meM likhI gaI Ayurvedika grantha 'amRtasAra' kI eka uttama prati hai jo 1971 I0 meM pratilipi kI gaI thii| 6. bharatapura ke zAstra bhaNDAra : ( ka ) paMcAyatI mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra : granthoM ke saMkalana kI dRSTi se yaha bhaNDAra isa jile kA pramukha bhaNDAra hai| isameM hastalikhita granthoM kI saMkhyA 801 haiM, jinameM saMskRta evaM hindI ke grantha adhika haiN| prAcInatama pAMDulipi 1433 I0 kI pratilipikRta 'tapAgaccha gurvAvalI' hai| isI bhaNDAra meM 'bhaktAmara stotra' kI eka sacitra pAMDulipi hai, jisameM 51 citra haiM, isa pAMDulipi kA racanAkAla 1769 I0 hai / isI taraha apabhraMza kRti 'saptavyasana kathA' bhI mahattvapUrNa kRti hai / anya mahattvapUrNa grantha-gaMgArAma kRta 1717 I0 meM racita 'sabhAbhUSaNa', vizvabhUSaNakRta 'jinadatta bhASA', harSa racita 'pada saMgraha', jodharAja kAsalIvAla kRta 'sukhavilAsa' Adi haiM / yahA~ zataraMja ke khela se sambandhita bhI eka grantha hai / (kha ) phaujUrAma digaMbara jaina maMdira kA zAstra bhaNDAra, bharatapura : ____ yahA~ kA saMgraha kevala 100 varSa purAnA hai / isameM kula 65 hastalikhita grantha haiN| isameM kumhera ke girivara siMha kI tatvArtha sUtra para hindI gadya TIkA eka ullekhanIya kRti hai| 7. DIka zAstra bhaNDAra : ____DIka bharatapura se 25 mIla dUra hai aura pahale bharatapura kI rAjadhAnI thI / yahA~ 3 mandiroM ke zAstra bhaNDAra mahattvapUrNa haiM / ( ka ) paMcAyatI maMdira kA zAstra bhaNDAra : isa bhaNDAra meM 81 hastalikhita grantha haiM, jo mukhyataH 18vIM evaM 19vIM zatAbdI ke hai| yahAM para sevArAma pATanI kI 1793 I0 meM hindI meM racita "mallinAtha caritra" kI mUla pANDulipi upalabdha hai| yahA~ ke granthoM meM vyAkaraNa evaM Ayurveda grantha bhI haiN| ( kha ) bar3A paMcAyata digaMbara jaina mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra : __pahale yahA~ acchA grantha saMgraha thA jo avyavasthA ke kAraNa naSTa ho gyaa| vartamAna meM yahA~ 56 pUrNa grantha evaM zeSa apUrNa haiM / isa bhaNDAra kI prAcInatama prati 1454 I0 meM mAMDalagar3ha meM likhita 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' kI prati hai / isake alAvA mukhya grantha rAjahaMsa kA saMskRta meM 'SaTdarzana samuccaya', zrIdhara kA apabhraMza kAvya 'bhavisayatta cariu', guNabhadrakRta 'AtmAnuzAsana' aura saMskRta meM sakala kIti kRta 'jaMbU svAmI carita' Adi haiN|

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jaina zAstra bhaMDAra : 49 (ga ) jaina maMdira purAnI DIga kA zAstra bhaNDAra : isa bhaMDAra meM 101 hastalikhita grantha haiN| kucha grantha bahuta durlabha hai| rAmacandrasUri dvArA 1423 I0 meM saMskRta meM racita 'vikrama caritra' yahA~ ke alAvA anyatra sAmAnyataH upalabdha nahIM hotaa| kavi cunnIlAla kI hindI kRti 'caubIsa tIrthakara pUjA' sarvaprathama yahIM upalabdha huii| isake alAvA nathamala kRta 'jinaguNa vilAsa', mukundadAsa kRta 'bhramaragIta' bhI ullekhanIya pANDulipiyA~ haiM / / 8. kAmA ke zAstra bhaNDAra : yaha nagara 17vIM evaM 18vIM zatAbdiyoM meM sAhityika gatividhiyoM kA pramukha kendra thaa| yahAM ke 2 mandiroM ke zAstra bhaNDAra mahattvapUrNa haiM(ka) digambara jaina khaNDelavAla mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra : yahA~ guTakoM sahita 578 pANDulipiyoM kA saMgraha hai| yaha bhaNDAra mahattvapUrNa evaM ajJAta pANDulipiyoM kI dRSTi se pramukha bhaNDAroM meM se hai| yahA~ 1348 I0 se lekara 20vIM zatAbdI taka kI pANDulipiyA~ haiM / yahA~ ke mahattvapUrNa grantha isa prakAra haiM-saMskRta meM 1397 I0 meM pratilipikRta devaprabhasUri racita 'pANDava caritra', prabhAcandra ke saMskRta grantha 'AtmAnuzAsana' para 1434 I0 meM likhI gaI TokA, 1348 I0 meM rAjazekhara ke saMskRta grantha 'prabodha cintAmaNi' kI pratilipi, 'samayasAra' para zubhacandra dvArA 1516 I0 meM saMskRta meM kI gaI vyAkhyA, haricanda kI 1467 I0 ko apabhraMza racanA 'dazalakSaNa kathA', brahma jinadAsa dvArA apabhraza meM racita 'dharma paMcaviMzati' 26 gAthAoM ke varNana kI durlabha kRti, padmakIrti kA 1517 I0 meM likhita 'pAlapurANa', dayAhaMsagaNI dvArA rAjasthAnI meM 1403 I0 meM anUdita 'saMgrahaNI sUtra bhASA', somadeva koti kRta 'yazastilaka' caupAI kI 1403 I0 meM kI gaI pratilipi Adi / isa bhaNDAra ke guTakA saMkhyA 331 meM 15vIM va 16vIM zatAbdiyoM ke kaI lekhakoM kI hindI racanAe~ haiN| (kha) agravAla paMcAyatI mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra : isa bhaNDAra meM 115 hastalikhita grantha haiN| isameM 1254 I0 kA sudhAru kavi racita 'pradyumna caritra' apUrNa hai| yahA~ 1634 I0 meM racita navalarAma kI 'vardhamAna purANa bhASA' kI pANDulipi hai, jo prathama bAra yahIM para upalabdha huI hai| 9. bayAnA ke zAstra bhaNDAra : yahA~ 2 jaina mandiroM meM zAstra bhaNDAra avasthita haiN| paMcAyatI mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM pANDulipiyoM kI saMkhyA 150 hai| inameM hIrAlAla luhAr3iyA kRta 'vrata vidhAna pUjA', jinendra bhUSaNa kRta 'caMdraprabha purANa', kumudacaMdra kRta 'bAhubali chaMda', 29

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450 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma hemacaMdrakRta 'neminAtha chaMda', guNacaMdra kRta 'nemirAjula gIta', chohalakRta 'udaragIta' ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / digambara jaina choTA maMdira bayAnA ke zAstra bhaMDAra meM bhI guTakoM sahita granthoM kI saMkhyA 153 hai / ullekhanIya grantha-sumati sAgara kRta 'SoDaza kAraNo dyApana pujA', lAlacaMdra kRta 'lIlAvatI bhASA', kezavadAsa kRta 'akSara bAvanI', 1679 I0 meM lallU lAla kRta 'samosaraNa pATha' Adi hai / 10. vaira ke zAstra bhaMDAra : digambara jaina maMdira meM sthita zAstra bhaMDAra meM 120 hastalikhita grantha haiM / guTakoM kI saMkhyA isase bhI adhika hai / kucha mahattvapUrNa grantha-'sAdhuvaMdanA', daulatarAma kAsalIvAla kI 'AdhyAtma bArahakhar3I' Adi haiN| isake atirikta ToDaramala, bhagavatIdAsa, rAmacaMdra, khuzahAlacaMdra Adi ko kRtiyA~ bhI haiN| paMcAyatI maMdira vaira ke grantha bhaMDAra meM 227 grantha haiM jinameM 44 guTake haiN| tejapAla dvArA apabhraMza bhASA meM racita 'vArAMga caritra' bhI eka ullekhanIya graMtha hai / 11. karaulI ke zAstra bhaMDAra : karaulI meM 2 jaina grantha bhaMDAra haiM / paMcAyatI maMdira ke grantha bhaMDAra meM 227 grantha evaM 44 guTake haiM / adhikAMza grantha svAdhyAya nimitta purANa, kathA, siddhAMtAdi ke haiM / apabhraMza bhASA meM tejapAlakRta 'vArAMga caritra' eka durlabha kRti hai / sogAnI jaina maMdira ke zAstra bhaMDAra meM 87 granthoM kA choTA sA saMgraha hai jo sAmAnya hai / 12. hiNDauna ke grantha bhaMDAra : yahA~ ke 2 maMdiroM meM 2 zAstra bhaMDAra haiM, jinameM hastalikhita granthoM ko kula saMkhyA 426 hai / isa bhaMDAra ke saMgraha kI avasthA ThIka nahIM hai| 13. zrI mahAvIra jI kA grantha bhaMDAra : yahA~ ke zAstra bhaMDAra meM guTakoM sahita 515 hastalikhita grantha saMgrahIta hai / sabhI pAMDulipiyA~ 15vIM se 19vIM zatAbdI ke madhya kI haiN| ina granthoM kI sUcI prakAzita ho cukI hai / yahA~ ke katipaya prAcIna evaM mahattvapUrNa grantha isa prakAra haiM-yoga devakRta 'tatvArthasUtravRtti', palhakRta 'nemIzvara gota', dharmasAgarakRta 'trayodazamArgI rAso', brahma vastupAlakRta 'pArzvanAtha rAso' aura 'indraprastha prabaMdha' haiM / 14. byAvara ke zAstra bhaMDAra : __yahA~ kA 'ailaka pannAlAla digambara jaina sarasvatI bhavana' nAmaka suprasiddha zAstra bhaMDAra isI nAma ke vyakti dvArA 1935 I0 meM sthApita kiyA gayA thaa| isameM vibhinna bhASAoM ke lagabhaga 4000 grantha haiN| jayasena sUri kI kRti 'pravacanasAra tAtparya vRtti' kI 1439 I0 meM taiyAra pratilipi isa bhaMDAra kA prAcInatama grantha hai| isa bhaMDA

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jaina zAstra bhaMDAra : 451 ke alAvA sohanalAla kAlA, kanakamala boharA aura nandalAla gurAsA ke vyaktigata saMgraha bhI haiM / 15. sIkara kA graMtha bhaMDAra : isa zahara meM 5 jaina maMdira haiM jinameM sabhI meM kucha hastalikhita grantha haiM kintu acche saMgraha kI dRSTi se bIsa paMthiyoM kA maMdira vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai / isameM granthoM kI kula saMkhyA 532 hai jo sabhI kAgaja para haiM / vaise to yahA~ saMskRta evaM prAkRta ke bhI grantha haiM kintu rAjasthAnI bhASA va hindI ke granthoM kA Adhikya hai / 16. dausA ke grantha bhaMDAra : yahA~ ke 2 jaina maMdiroM meM grantha bhaMDAra haiM / digambara jaina bIsapaMthI mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM 177 grantha haiM jinameM guTake bhI sammilita haiM / mukhya grantha 'paramahaMsa caupAI ' ( rAyamalla), 'zrAvakAcAra rAsa' (jinadAsa), 'yazodhara carita' (pUrNadeva), 'samyaktva kaumudI' bhASA (dayAnanda ) Adi granthoM ke nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / 'vilhaNa zazikalAprabandha' 17vIM zatAbdI kI eka sundara kRti hai jo kavi sAraMga kI hindI evaM saMskRta TIkA sahita hai / digambara jaina terApaMthI mandira, dausA meM 150 grantha haiM / adhikAMza grantha apabhraMza evaM hindI ke haiM / apabhraMza granthoM meM lAkhU kRta 'jiNayatta cariu', zrIdhara kRta 'sukumAla cariu', jayamitahala kRta 'baDDhamANa kahA', ghanapAla kRta 'bhavisayatta kahA', puSpadanta kRta 'mahApurANa' ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / anya granthoM meM akhayarAja zrImAla kRta 'caudaha guNasthAna carcA', sAraMga kRta 'vilhaNa caupAI, samayasundara kRta 'priyaprelaka caupAI', hIrakalaza kRta 'siMhAsana battIsI' Adi mahatvapUrNa haiM | 17. maujamAbAda kA zAstra bhaNDAra : isa bhaNDAra meM lagabhaga 400 grantha haiM / ye grantha prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta, rAjasthAnI evaM hindI meM haiM / prAcInatama grantha kundakunda kA 'pravacanasAra' hai, jo 15vIM zatAbdI meM kI gaI pratilipi hai / isa bhaNDAra meM puSpadanta kRta 'jasahara cariu' kI do sacitra pratilipiyA~ bhI haiN| aisI apabhraMza kI citrita pratiyA~ anyatra upalabdha nahIM hotIM / 'jinendra vyAkaraNa', amarakIrti kRta 'SaTkarmopadeza ratnamAlA', AzAdhara kRta "triSaSThi smRti zAstra', amitagati kRta 'yogasAra', yogadeva kRta 'tatvArthaM sUtra TippaNa', - prabhAcandra kRta ' AdinAtha purANa TippaNa' Adi anya mahattvapUrNa grantha haiM | yahA~ lAkhA cAraNa TIkA vAlI 'kRSNa rUkmiNI beli' kI pAMDulipi bhI hai, jo anyatra upalabdha nahIM hotI / 18. digambara jaina mandira zAstra bhaNDAra, narAyaNA : yahA~ para hastalikhita granthoM kI saMkhyA 51 hai, jisameM bar3e mandira meM 36 tathA choTe

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452 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma mandira meM 15 grantha haiM / yahA~ eka grantha kannar3a bhASA kA bhI hai| prAkRta evaM saMskRta ke bhI kucha grantha hai / yahA~ kI pramukha pAMDulipiyA~ pannAlAla saMghI kRta 'paMcakalyANaka pUjA', somaprabhAcArya kRta saMskRta meM 'sUkti muktAvalI bhASA' Adi haiN| adhikAMza kRtiyAM 15vIM zatAbdI kI haiN| 19. digaMbara jaina maMdira zAstra bhaNDAra, sAMbhara : dhAnamaMDI ke jaina maMdira meM sthita ekamAtra bhaNDAra meM 86 hastalikhita grantha haiN| prAcInatama pAMDulipi akhayarAja zrImAla ke 'caudaha guNasthAna svarUpa' kI hai, jo 1684 I0 kI hai / dayAnatarAya ke 'caracAzataka' kI sundara pAMDulipi TabbA evaM TIkA sahita hai| sAMbhara ke lipikAra paM0 rAmalAla ne 15 se bhI adhika pAMDulipiyA~ likhakare isa bhaNDAra meM saMgrahIta kI haiN| 20. digaMbara jaina mandira zAstra bhaNDAra, dud : ima mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM 100 se bhI adhika hastalikhita grantha haiM jinameM hindI evaM saMskRta kI sarvAdhika pAMDulipiyA~ haiM / 21. jaina zAstra bhaNDAra, jhuMjhunU : yahA~ granthoM kI kula saMkhyA 310 hai| yahA~ ke mukhya grantha yuga pradhAna jinacaMdra sUri kRta 'abhayakumAra caupAI', hemarAja kRta 'pAMcasiddhi', TIkamacanda kRta 'hemarAja baccharAja caupaI' Adi haiM / yahA~ ke yati kharataragaccha ke upAsare meM bhI 500 grantha hai| 22. grantha bhaNDAra, mAroTha : yahA~ sAhajI jaina mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM 3063 se bhI adhika grantha haiM kintu unameM se adhikAMza naSTa ho gaye / vartamAna meM terApaMthI jaina mandira meM kevala 200 grantha hI surakSita haiN| 23. digaMbara jaina agravAla mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra, : phatehapura ( zekhAvATI ) isa bhaNDAra meM 400 grantha haiN| inameM eka mahattvapUrNa bar3A guTakA bhI hai jisameM 1222 pRSTha evaM 1 lAkha zloka haiM tathA jyotiSa va Ayurveda ke pATha saMgrahIta haiM / yaha guTakA jIvanarAma ne 22 varSa kI satat sAdhanA ke uparAnta 1703 I0 meM samApta kiyA thaa| isa bhaNDAra meM NamokAra mahAtmya kathA' ko eka sacitra pAMDulipi hai, jisameM 76 citra haiM / yahA~ rAjasthAnI va hindI ke kaI grantha prathama bAra upalabdha hue haiM jinameM pramukha 'trilokasAra bhASA', 'harivaMza purANa', 'mahAvIra purANa', 'samayasAra nATaka', jJAnArNava' Adi haiN| 24. digaMbara jaina mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra, dUnI : yahA~ ke grantha bhaNDAra meM 143 grantha haiM / prAcInatama pAMDulipi 1443 I0 kI likhI

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jaina zAstra bhaMDAra : 453 huI 'jinadatta kathA' hai| vidyAsAgara kI hindI racanAe~ bhI yahA~ saMgrahIta haiM jisameM 'solaha svapna', 'jinarAja mahotsava', 'saptavyasana savaiyA' Adi ullekhanIya haiN| gaMga kavi kA 'rAjula kA bArahamAsA' yahA~ upalabdha eka ajJAta racanA hai| bhaTTAraka zubhacandra kI 'jIvaMdhara svAmI caritra' kI 1555 I0 kI racita pAMDulipi bhI ullekhanIya hai| 25. digaMbara jaina bagheravAla mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra, AvA~ : 16voM evaM 17vIM zatAbdI meM isa sthAna kA dharma evaM sAhitya ke kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna thaa| yahAM do jaina mandira hai| eka khaMDelavAla jaina mandira aura hai, parantu donoM meM ho hastalikhita granthoM kA vizeSa ullekhanIya saMgraha nahIM hai, kevala svAdhyAya grantha haiM / 26. jaina zAstra bhaNDAra, rAjamahala : ___yaha bhaNDAra, digaMbara jaina mandira meM avasthita hai| isameM 225 hastalikhita pAMDulipiyAM haiM jinameM brahmajinadAsa kRta 'karakaMDurAsa', muni zubhacandra kI 'holI kathA', triloka pATanI kA 'iMdriyanATaka' Adi ullekhanIya haiM / 27. grantha bhaNDAra, ToDArAya siMha : isakA prAcIna nAma takSakagar3ha thA / yahA~ ke 2 jaina mandiroM meM zAstra bhaNDAra haiN| neminAtha svAmI ke mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM 246 granthoM kA saMgraha hai| yahA~ kI prAcInatama pAMDulipi 'trilokasAra TIkA hai jo 1537 I0 kI racanA hai| 'pravacanasAra' kI 1548 I0 kI eka saMskRta TIkA bhI hai| isake atirikta devIdAsa kRta 'caubIsa tIrthakara pUjA', somadeva kRta 'Asrava tribhaMgI TIkA', brahma jinadAsa kRta 'guNasthAna caupaI' vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| pAzrvanAtha digaMbara jaina mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM 105 pAMDulipiyA~ haiM, jinameM guTake bhI haiM / yahA~ vilAsa saMjJaka racanAoM kA acchA saMgraha hai jinameM 'dharma vilAsa' ( dayAnatarAya ), 'brahma vilAsa' ( bhagavatIdAsa ), 'sabhAvilAsa', banArasI pilAsa' Adi ullekhanIya haiN| 28. jaina zAstra bhaNDAra, mAlapurA : ___isa kasbe meM 8 jaina mandira haiM, jinameM se 3 meM zAstra bhaNDAra haiM / prAcInatama pratilipi kI huI pAMDulipi 1574 I0 kI hai| yahAM pratilipikaraNa kA kArya bahuta hotA thaa| caudhariyoM ke mandira meM sthita bhaNDAra meM 150 kAgaja grantha hai| brahma kapUracaMda kA 1540 I0 meM likhA huA 'pRthvInAtha rAso' eka durlabha kRti hai / AdinAtha mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM svAdhyAya sambandhI sAhitya adhika hai| yahA~ upalabdha durlabha kRti muni zubhacandra kRta 'kSetrapAla vinatI' tathA guTakA naM. 3 meM pratilipi kiye gaye harSakIti ke hindI pada hai| terApaMthI mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM 74 hastalikhita grantha saMgrahIta hai|

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454 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 29. grantha bhaNDAra, Toka : yahA~ 2 zAstra bhaNDAra haiN| caudhariyoM ke mandira meM sthita zAstra bhaNDAra meM 253 pramatha aura 85 guTake haiN| adhikAMza grantha apUrNa hai| ullekhanIya pAMDulipi zrutasAgara kRta 'tatvArtha sUtra' para kanaka dvArA racita TIkA hai jo 1715 I0 meM likhI gaI thii| terApaMthI mandira ke grantha bhaNDAra meM 382 grantha aura 50 guTake hai| (da) udayapura saMbhAga : 1. udayapura ke zAstra bhaNDAra : mevAr3a ke zAsakoM ne jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra meM atyadhika yogadAna diyaa| nagara meM mandiroM ke nirmANa ke uparAnta zAstra bhaNDAra sthApita kara granthoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA / udayapura nagara meM granthoM ke pratilipikaraNa kA kAma vipula mAtrA meM huaa| yahA~ ke pratilipikRta grantha anyatra bhI upalabdha hote haiM / yahA~ 9 jaina mandira haiM va sabhI meM choTA-moTA saMgraha hai kintu 4 bhaNDAroM meM mahattvapUrNa grantha saMgrahIta haiM / (ka) saMbhavanAtha digambara jaina maMdira kA zAstra bhaNDAra : ___ isa bhaNDAra meM 524 hastalikhita grantha haiM evaM adhikAMza pANDulipiyA~ 15vIM se 18vIM zatAbdI ke madhya kI hai| prAcInatama pANDulipi 1408 I0 meM pratili pikRta mahotpala kI 'laghujAtaka TIkA' hai / yahA~ ke mahattvapUrNa grantha-jayakIti racita 'sItA zIla patAkA guNa veli', 1547 I0, somakavi kRta 'rAjula patrikA', brahma vAstupAla kRta 'rohiNIvata prabaMdha', brahma jJAnasAgara dvArA 1537 I0 meM racita 'hanumAna carita rAsa', ratnabhUSaNa sUri racita 'anuruddha haraNa' yA 'uSA haraNa', bhAnukIti kRta 'bhaTTAraka sakala kIrti rAsa', pAsacandra kRta 'sanata kumAra rAsa', AzAdhara kRta 'chaMdaratnAkara' evaM jyotiSa grantha, yazakIti dvArA apabhraza meM racita 'harivaMza purANa' Adi ullekhanIya haiN| isI zAstra bhaNDAra meM eka aisA guTakA bhI hai, jisameM brahmajinadAsa kI racanAoM kA pramukha saMgraha milatA hai| (kha) agravAla digambara jaina maMdira kA zAstra bhaNDAra : ___ yahA~ guTakoM sahita 388 hastalikhita pANDulipiyA~ haiM / prAcInatama pANDulipi 1313 I0 kI yoginIpura meM pratilipikRta pUjyapAda kI 'sarvArtha siddhi' hai| daulatarAma kAsalIvAla kA sAhityika kendra yahI mandira thaa| inake 'jIvaMdhara carita' kI mUla pANDulipi yahIM saMgrahIta hai| anya ullekhanIya gratha-kalyANa kIti kRta 'cArudatta prabaMdha' (1635 I0), gaMgAdAsa kRta 'mahApurANa kI caupaI', sumati kIti racita 'lokamata nirAkaraNa rAsa', jayakIti kRta 'akalaMka yati rAsa' (1610 I0), lAlakavi racita 'sudarzana seThAnI caupAI' (1579 I0 ), ratnabhUSaNa kRta 'jinadatta

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jaina zAstra bhaMDAra : 455 rAsa', jasakIti kRta 'gommaTa svAmI caupaI' (1562 I0 ), jayakIrti kRta 'vasudeva prabandha' ( 1678 I0), brahma jinadAsa kRta 'ajitanAtha rAsa' evaM 'ambikA rAsa', brahma yazodhara kRta 'balabhadra rAsa' (1528 I0), dharma vinoda kRta 'zrAvakAcAra' (1457 I0 ), mahezvara kavi kRta 'zabda bheda prakAza' (1500 I.), sumati kIrti dvArA 1591 I0 meM pratilipikRta 'dharmaparIkSA rAsa', jJAnabhUSaNa kRta 'paMcakalyANaka pATha' evaM khemasAgara kRta 'cetana moharAja saMvAda' Adi haiN| (ga) khaNDelavAla digambara jaina mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra : yaha bhaNDAra maNDo kI nAla ke mandira meM hai| yahA~ 185 hastalikhita granya haiM / prAcInatama pANDulipi 1306 I0 meM pratilipikRta 'bhUpAla stavana' hai| yahA~ rAsa, pUjA evaM stotra sAhitya adhika hai| kucha mahattvapUrNa grantha isa prakAra haiM-rAjasundara kRta 'gajasiMha caupaI' (1497 I0), mAdhavadAsa kRta 'rAmarAsa', muni rAjacaMda kRta 'caMpAvatI zola kalyANaka' ( 1627 I0), kamala vijaya kRta 'sImaMdhara svAmI stavana' (1625 I0 ) Adi haiM / rAsoM meM brahmajinadAsa kRta 'neminAtha rAsa' 'paramahaMsa rAsa', 'dAnaphala rAsa' evaM 'bhaviSya datta rAsa', mAdhavadAsa kRta 'rAmarAsa' tathA bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kRta 'brahma vilAsa' evaM kumudacandra kRta 'baNajArA gIta' hai / (gha) gaur3I jI ke upAsare kA zAstra bhaNDAra : isa bhaNDAra meM 625 hastalikhita grantha saMgrahIta haiN| isameM AgamazAstra, Ayurveda evaM jyotiSa ityAdi viSayoM ke granthoM kA acchA saMgraha hai| (Ga) anya : ___ isake atirikta granthoM ke choTe saMgrahAlaya bhI hai| vardhamAna jJAna bhaNDAra meM lagabhaga 300 grantha haiN| koThArI ke saMgraha meM 400 grantha surakSita haiN| gaNezIlAla mehatA ke saMgraha meM 250 grantha haiM tathA yati viveka vijaya aura kharataragaccha ke yati ke saMgraha meM bhI kucha grantha haiN| 2. digambara jaina mandira zAstra bhaNDAra, DUMgarapura : 200 varSoM taka jaina samAja kI gatividhiyoM kA kendra hone para bhI yahA~ zAstra bhaNDAra utanA vizAla nahIM hai / yaha bhaNDAra digambara jaina mandira, koTaDiyA meM sthita hai| isameM hastalikhita granthoM kI saMkhyA 553 hai, jinameM 'candana malaya giri kathA', 'AdityakAra kathA' evaM rAga rAginiyoM kI sacitra pANDulipiyA~ haiM / brahma jinadAsa kRta ati mahattvapUrNa kRti 'sItArAma rAsa' ko pANDulipi bhI yahA~ saMgrahIta hai jo 1451 I0 meM yahIM racI gaI thii| isake atirikta rAsaka sAhitya kA bhI acchA saMgraha hai|

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456 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM nadharmajai 3. yati bAlacandra vaidya kA saMgraha, cittaur3a : ___ isameM hastalikhita granthoM kI kula saMkhyA 1000 hai| inameM mantra zAstra, stotra, auSadhi, jyotiSa, Agama evaM dhArmika tathA sAhityika granthoM kI bahulatA hai / yaha bhaNDAra 1384 I0 meM paNDita vinayacanda ne sthApita kiyA thaa| 4. bhaTTAraka yazakIti jaina sarasvatI bhavana, dhuleva (kesariyAjI) yahA~ ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM guTakoM sahita 1070 hastalikhita grantha haiN| prAcInatama pANDulipi 1359 I0 meM likhita 'saMgrahaNI sUtra' bAlAvabodha hai| yahA~ rAjasthAnI, mevAr3I va hindI ke 15vIM evaM 16vIM zatAbdI meM racita grantha adhika hai| pramukha nimna hai-padma kavi kA 'mahAvIra rAsa' ( 1552 I0 ), 'narasiMhapurA jAti rAsa', ratnacaMdra kRta 'zAntinAtha purANa' ( 1726 I0), mahIcandra kRta 'lavakuza AkhyAna', brahmaguNarAja kA 'pradyumnarAsa' (1549 I0) Adi / prAcIna granthoM meM AzAdhara dvArA 1484 I0 meM saMskRta meM racita 'dharmAmRta paMjikA', sakala kIti dvArA 1494 I0 meM saMskRta meM racita 'zAntinAtha parita', sakala bhUSaNa kRta 'upadeza ratnamAlA', saMskRta bhASA meM kASThA saMgha kI paTTAvalI, prabhAcandra kA 1649 I0 kA 'tatvArtha ratna prabhAkara', narendra sena kI 1399 I0 kI 'mahAbhiSeka vidhi' bAdi hai| (da) koTA saMbhAga : koTA, bUdI, jhAlAvAr3a, hAr3autI pradeza ke nAma se vikhyAta haiN| jaina dharma evaM saMskRti kA itihAsa yahA~ kAphI prAcIna hai| badI, naiNavA evaM pATana kA prAcIna granthoM meM bhI nAma milatA hai| 1. (ka) kharataragacchoya zAstra bhaNDAra, koTA : isa bhaNDAra meM 15vIM se 17vIM zatAbdI ke madhya racita 1117 hastalikhita grantha hai tathA Agama, siddhAnta, purANa evaM rAsoM granthoM kI adhikatA hai| prAcInatama pANDulipi 1358 I0 kI racita 'rAmalakSmaNa rAsa' hai / yahA~ para 'bIsaladeva cauhAna rAsa' apUrNa avasthA meM hai| isake atirikta ullekhanIya grantha yazovijaya kRta 'zrIpAla rAsa' ( 1388 I0 ), muni kuzala siMha kRta 'nandarAja caupaI' (1379 I0), saMskRta meM nayacandra kRta 'hammIra mahAkAvya' (1429 I0 ) haiN| isa bhaNDAra meM 'kalpasUtra' kI eka svarNAMkita prati bhI hai, jo 1473 I0 meM likhI gaI thii| (kha) vIraputra Ananda sAgara jJAna bhaNDAra, koTA : isa bhaNDAra meM 415 hastalikhita grantha saMgrahIta haiN| adhikAMza grantha 17vIM se 19vI zatAbdI ke madhya pratilipikRta haiN| isa bhaNDAra kI prAcInatama pANDulipi

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jaina zAstra bhaMDAra : 457 'saMdeha dohAvalI vRtti' (prabodhacandra kRta ) hai, jisakI pratilipi 1391 I0 meM ko gaI thii| (ga) borasalI jaina mandira kA grantha bhaNDAra, koTA : yahA~ sabhI bhASAoM ke saMgrahIta granthoM kI saMkhyA 735 hai| isa bhaNDAra kI prAcInatama pANDulipi zubhacandra kRta 'pANDava purANa' hai jisakI 1491 I0 meM pratilipi kI gaI thI / bhaTTAraka zubhacandra kRta 'palya vidhAna rAsa', narendra kIrti kRta 'candraprabha svAmI vivAhalo', sakala koti kRta 'cetAvaNI', 'ravivrata kathA', kumudacandra kRta 'paravAdaro parazIla rAsa', vegarAja kRta 'nemivivAha paccIsI' Adi mahattvapUrNa kRtiyA~ haiM / vegarAja kI racanAe~ eka guTake meM khojI gaI haiM / isI prakAra mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara kA saMgraha bhI ullekhanIya hai jisameM lagabhaga 1500 pANDulipiyAM prApta haiM / 2. bUMdI ke grantha bhaNDAra : ___yaha nagara prAcIna kAla meM vRndAvatI nAma se prasiddha thaa| 17vIM se 19vIM zatAbdiyoM ke madhya yaha sAhityika gatividhiyoM kA kendra rhaa| yahA~ 6 grantha bhaNDAra haiM(ka) digambara jaina mandira pArzvanAtha kA grantha bhaNDAra : isa bhaNDAra meM 334 hastalikhita grantha evaM guTake haiN| adhikAMza grantha hindI evaM saMskRta ke tathA pUjA, kathA, stotra evaM vyAkaraNa sambandhI haiN| isameM brahmajinadAsa viracita 'rAmacandra rAsa' kI 1471 I0 kI sundara pratilipi hai| isI prakAra hemarAja 'kRta 'bhaktAmara stotra' ko hindI TIkA eka durlabha kRti hai / (kha) digambara jaina mandira AdinAtha kA grantha bhaNDAra : ... isa bhaNDAra meM 168 hastalikhita grantha haiN| isa saMgraha meM 'jyotiSa ratnamAlA' kI sabase prAcIna pratilipi hai jo TIkA sahita 40 vaija ne 1459 meM likhI thii| isI prakAra AzAdhara kRta 'dharmAmRta' (1500 I0 meM pratilipikRta), nemicandra kRta 'trilokasAra' (1461 I0), dharmadAsa kRta 'upadezamAlA' (1540 I0) Adi isa bhaNDAra ko prAcIna pAMDulipiyA~ haiN| (ga) digambara jaina mandira abhinandana svAmI kA zAstra bhaNDAra : __ isa bhaNDAra meM 368 hastalikhita granthoM kA saMgraha hai| isa bhaNDAra meM apabhraMza kRti 'karakaMDu cariu' kI saMskRta kI TIkA sahita apUrNa prati hai / (gha) digambara mandira mahAvIra svAmI kA zAstra bhaNDAra : isa bhaNDAra meM guTakoM sahita 172 graMtha saMgrahIta haiM evaM adhikAMza hindI va rAjasthAnI bhASA ke hai / purANa, pUjA, kathA evaM stotra sAhitya kI adhikatA hai /

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458 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma (Ga) neminAtha digambara jaina mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra : yaha nagara kA sabase mahattvapUrNa zAstra bhaNDAra hai / yahA~ 223 hastalikhita grantha saMgrahIta haiM / isa bhaNDAra meM narasI ke putra gokula kRta 'mAghavAnala prabandha' kRti kI 1598 I0 meM taiyAra kI gaI acchI pratilipi hai / isake alAvA 'zreNika caritra', DAlUrAma kRta 'caturgati nATaka', vimalakoti kRta 'ArAdhanAsAra', zrIdhara kRta 'bhAgavata purANa' Adi ke nAma bhI ullekhanIya haiM / yahA~ eka guTake meM 16vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn bUcarAja kI kaI choTI-choTI racanAe~ prApta huI haiM / (ca) sthAnakavAsI zAstra bhaNDAra : yahA~ ke sthAnaka meM bhI kucha hastalikhita graMtha haiM, jinakI saMkhyA ajJAta hai evaM sUcIkaraNa bhI nahIM hai / 3. naiNavA ke zAstra bhaNDAra : bhaTTAraka sakala kIrti ke gurU padmanandi kA naiNavA pramukha sthAna thA / 1716 I0 meM kezavasiMha kavi ne 'bhadrabAhu carita' kI yahIM para racanA kI thI / isa nagara ke jaina mandiroM meM zAstra bhaNDAra haiM / (ka) digambara jaina mandira bagheravAla kA zAstra bhaNDAra : isa bhaNDAra meM 104 hastalikhita grantha haiM / yahA~ ke eka guTake meM kaI ajJAta racanAoM kA saMgraha hai / kucha racanAe~ isa prakAra haiM- bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti kRta 'sAra sIkhA maNi rAsa', brahma yazodhara kRta 'nemirAjamati gota', jinasena kRta 'paMceMdriya gIta', siMhadAsa kRta 'nemirAjamatI veli', brahma yazodhara kRta 'vairAgya gIta' Adi lagabhaga 96 choTI-choTI racanAe~ saMgrahIta haiM / yaha guTakA 1578 I0 meM raNathambhaura meM likhA gayA thA / (kha) digambara jaina terApaMthI mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra : isa bhaNDAra meM 80 hastalikhita grantha haiM / adhikAMza hindI, saMskRta kRtiyA~ purANa, pUjA, kathA evaM caritra sambandhI haiM / bhaTTAraka jagatkIrti ke ziSya lAlacanda kRta 'sammeda zikhara pUjA' kI prati sabase mahattvapUrNa hai jo unhoMne revAr3I meM 1787 I0 meM likhI thI / isake alAvA 16vIM evaM 17vIM zatAbdI ke kapar3e para likhe hue 3 yaMtra vizeSa mahattva ke haiM / 1528 I0 meM racita RSimaMDala yaMtra sabase prAcIna hai / (ga) digambara jaina mandira agravAla kA zAstra bhaNDAra : isake kula 37 hastalikhita grantha haiM evaM vizeSa ullekhanIya koI grantha nahIM hai / 4. digambara jaina mandira zAstra bhaNDAra, DabalAnA : isa bhaNDAra meM 423 grantha saMgrahIta haiM / bhaNDAra meM kAvya, caritra, kathA, rAsa

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jaina zAstra bhaMDAra : 459 vyAkaraNa, Ayurveda evaM jyotiSa viSayaka granthoM kA acchA saMgraha hai| yahA~ kI sabase prAcIna prati 'SaDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha' kI pAMDulipi hai jo 1464 I0 meM ujjaina meM pratilipi kI gaI thii| katipaya anya ullekhanIya grantha 1442 I0 meM mehar3a kavi racita 'AdinAtha stavana', lAladAsa kRta itihAsa 'sAra samuccaya', sAdhu jJAnacanda viracita 'siMhAsana battIsI', kezavadAsa kRta 'rAmayaza' Adi / 5. zAstra bhaNDAra, iMdragar3ha : ____ yaha bhaNDAra digambara jaina mandira pArzvanAtha meM avasthita hai| isameM hastalikhita graMthoM kI saMkhyA 289 hai / inameM siddhAnta, stotra, AcArazAstra se sambandhita pAMDulipiyoM kI saMkhyA sarvAdhika hai / kucha grantha isI nagara meM likhe hue bhI haiN| 6. jaina sarasvatI bhavana, jhAlarApATana : yaha zAstra bhaNDAra ailaka pannAlAla digambara jaina sarasvatI bhavana ke nAma se prakhyAta hai| isameM 1436 hastalikhita granthoM kA saMgraha hai| saMskRta, prAkRta evaM rAjasthAnI bhASA ke ye grantha siddhAnta, AdhyAtma, purANa, kAvya, kathA, nyAya, evaM stotra Adi viSayoM se sambandhita haiN| isa bhaNDAra meM upalabdha prAcInatama grantha 1431 I0 meM pratilipi kiyA gayA devasenakRta 'bhAvasaMgraha' hai / isake atirikta yahA~ mudrita sAhitya bhI bahuta sA hai| rAjasthAna ke anya zAstra bhaNDAra : ukta zAstra bhaNDAroM ke atirikta bhI rAjasthAna meM kaI choTe-choTe zAstra bhaNDAra haiM / kucha isa prakAra haiM-raghunAtha jJAna bhaNDAra, sojata; jayamala jJAna bhaNDAra, pIpAr3a; jayamala jJAna bhaNDAra, jodhapura, jaina ratna pustakAlaya; maMgalacandra jJAna bhaNDAra, jodhapura; RSi paramparA sambandhita jJAna bhaNDAra, pratApagar3ha; jaina zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI jJAna bhaNDAra, alavara; jaina divAkara jJAna bhaNDAra, byAvara; sthAnakavAsI jJAna bhaNDAra, bhinAya; nAnakarAma jJAna mandira, lAkhana koTar3I, ajamera Adi meM bhI jJAna bhaNDAra hai, jo adhikAMza sthAnakavAsI sampradAya se sambandhita haiN| isake atirikta-bAlotarA, bilAr3A, nADola, Asopa, guDA, nAkor3A, lADanU', pAlI, bAr3amera, piMDavAr3A, sAdar3I, jasola, cohaTaNa, jaitAraNa Adi meM bhI choTe-choTe jJAna bhaNDAra evaM pustakAlaya haiM / jAlaura kA muni kalyANa vijaya kA saMgraha, mer3atA kA paMcAyatI jJAna bhaNDAra, sirohI kA tapAgacchIya bhaNDAra, ghANerAva kA himAcala sUri jJAna bhaNDAra, udayapura ke hAthIpola kI jaina dharmazAlA va dezanoka meM DosI jI ke pAsa bhI acchA saMgraha hai|

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__ 460 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma isa prakAra rAjasthAna kI dharatI apane kalevara meM jJAna bhaNDAroM ke mAdhyama se jJAna ke anUThe ratna chipAye hue haiN| inameM sabase mahattvapUrNa jaisalamera ke bhaNDAra haiM jo durlabha tAr3apatrIya granthoM evaM kASTha phalakoM ke liye prasiddha haiN| choTe-choTe jJAna bhaNDAroM meM adhikAMzataH zrAvaka varga se sambandhita dhArmika viSayoM kI sAmagrI saMgrahIta hai| bar3e zAstra bhaNDAra jJAna vijJAna kI dRSTi se bar3e mahattvapUrNa hai kyoMki inameM na kevala ajaina lekhakoM kI kRtiyA~ milatI haiM apitu jyotiSa, vaidyaka, vyAkaraNa, khagola Adi ke bhI amUlya grantha saMgrahIta hai| kucha zAstra bhaNDAra ajJAta haiM tathA kucha vargIkRta evaM sUcIkRta bhI nahIM hai / katipaya vidvAn etadartha kAryarata haiN|

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adhyAya aSTama madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma kA mUlyAMkana evaM yogadAna 8vIM se 18vIM zatAbdI taka rAjasthAna meM jainadharma ke vikAsa ke katipaya AyAmoM ke avalokana ke uparAnta ukta kAlAntargata sAMskRtika jIvana dhArA meM jainadharma kI bhUmikA evaM yogadAna kA Akalana tathA mUlyAMkana karanA atyAvazyaka hai / jainadharma kI labdhiyAM tathA sthUla siddhiyA~ rAjasthAna ke vaibhava sampanna sAMskRtika itihAsa kA svarNima pRSTha hI nahIM apitu bhAratIya saMskRti ke indadhanuSI svarUpa kI bhI eka manorama raMgAbhA hai, jisakI dIpti isa sudIrgha kAla khaNDa ke jhaMjhAvAtoM meM bhI kabhI dhUmila nahIM huii| vivecya kAla meM rAjasthAna ke dhArmika, sAmAjika, rAjanItika, Arthika, vaicArika evaM dArzanika jIvana meM jaina saMskRti kI pAvana dhArA satata pravAhita hotI rahI tathA yuddha, hiMsA evaM vidhvaMsa ke vAtAvaraNa meM bhI Aptajanajovana ko karuNA, AdhyAtmika kalyANa evaM ahiMsA ke zAnta rasa se AplAvita karatI rhii| (a) bhaugolika pariprekSya kA prabhAva : __madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma ke pracAra-prasAra se udbhUta svarUpa kA samagra citra isa pradeza kI bhaugolika vizeSatAoM ke anurUpa vikasita huA hai / prAkRtika lakSaNoM kA jitanA prabhAva rAjasthAna meM jainadharma ke saMdarbha meM parilakSita hotA hai, utanA sambhavataH anya kisI dharma ke saMdarbha meM nahIM hotA / madhyavartI arAvalI parvata zrRMkhalA ke. pazcima ke marusthalIya vistAra kI vizeSatAe~-jalavAyu kI viSamatA, jala saMsAdhanoM evaM prAkRtika vanaspati kI nyUnatA, pravikINaM bastiyA~ evaM zuSkatA hai, jabaki isake pUrva va dakSiNa-pUrva meM AvAsa yogya anukUla jalavAyu kI upalabdhi hai| jaina-dharma ke zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM sampradAya rAjasthAna meM nirantara astitvavAna rahe kintu inake prabhAva kSetra meM bhaugolika pArthakya dekhane ko milatA hai / zvetAmbara sampradAya kA prabhAva kSetra mUlataH arAvalI ke pazcima kA pradeza rahA kintu nyUnAdhika rUpa se isakA varcasva sampUrNa rAjasthAna meM, sabhI kAlakhaNDoM meM, sabhI kSetroM meM bhI rahA / digambara sampradAya kA varcasva arAvalI ke pUrva va dakSiNI-pUrvI rAjasthAna meM hI vizeSa: rUpa se rahA aura isakI gAdiyAM cittaur3a, nAgaura, ajamera, jayapura, bagherA Adi anukUla.

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462 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma jalavAyu vAle pradezoM meM hI rhiiN| ina pRthak-pRthak prabhAva kSetroM ke kAraNasvarUpa do tarka diye jA sakate haiM : 1. pazcimI rAjasthAna zvetAmbara sampradAya kA gar3ha rahA, ataH unhoMne digambara AcAryoM ko idhara paira nahIM jamAne diyA / 2. kinhIM kAraNoM se digambara AcAryoM ne hI usa pradeza meM jAnA ucita nahIM smjhaa| prathama taka ko isa AdhAra para asvIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai ki jainadharma meM sadaiva sahiSNutA kI bhAvanA raho hai, cAhe anya dharmoM ke saMdarbha meM ho yA dharma ke Antarika paMthoM ke saMdarbha meM / ataH zvetAmbara AcAryoM dvArA kisI pratirodha kI sambhAvanA kI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| yaha sambhAvanA isa AdhAra para bhI amAnya ho jAtI hai ki digambara prabhAva yadyapi pazcimI rAjasthAna meM nahIM bar3ha pAyA kintu zvetAmbara prabhAva to pUrvI va dakSiNI-pUrvI rAjasthAna meM bhI nirantara hI nivirodha banA rahA, ataH aMtarsAmpradAyika saMgharSa kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| dvitIya sambhAvanA hI adhika ucita pratIta hotI hai| pazcimI rAjasthAna kI jalavAyu kI viSamatAoM, jala sAdhanoM kI nyUnatA Adi ke kAraNa digambara AcAryoM ne udhara adhika jAnA ucita nahIM samajhA hogaa| donoM sampradAyoM ke jainAcAryoM kA nirapekSa dRSTi se AcArika adhyayana karane para spaSTa hai ki digambara AcAryoM kA jIvana apekSAkRta adhika mAnyatAoM meM ba~dhA huA va kaThora hai| sarvathA digambara raha kara dina meM tIna garmI va rAtri meM kaThora zIta ke vaiSamya ko nirantara sahana karanA duSkara hai| digambara AcAryoM ke caryA niyama adhika kaThora hone ke kAraNa unakA nirvAha isa pravikIrNa AbAdI vAle pradeza meM honA bhI kaThina hI thA, ataH digambara AcAryoM ne idhara jAnA ucita nahIM samajhA hogaa| pUrvokta donoM prabhAva kSetroM ke lagabhaga madhya meM cittaur3a ( mevAr3a ) kI sthiti hai, jo bhaugolika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hone ke kAraNa jainadharma ke prasAra kI dRSTi se bhI svayameva mahattvapUrNa ho gii| dakSiNa se mAlavA va gujarAta hokara uttarI bhArata ke sAMskRtika hRdayasthala dillI taka pahu~cane kA eka mahattvapUrNa mArga cittaur3a ( mevAr3a) hokara hI thA ataH dakSiNa kI tarapha gujarAta va mAlavA se rAjasthAna meM samparka kA kendra cittaur3a hI adhika rhaa| vaise arAvalI ke pazcima ke mArga ke kendra meM AbU pradeza va dillI-mAlavA ke mArga meM kendrIya sthiti hAr3autI pradeza kI thI, kintu cittaur3a kI kendrIya sthiti kI phira bhI upekSA nahIM ho sakatI thii| ataH madhyakAlIna jaina itihAsa isa tathya kA sAkSI hai ki cittaur3a hI rAjasthAna kA ekamAtra aisA kendra thA jahA~ zvetAmbara va digambara donoM sampradAyoM kA varcasva va kendra rahA / kharataragaccha ke AcAryoM kA yaha mahattvapUrNa kendra thA to digambara AcArya paramparA kI gAdI bhI dakSiNa meM ujjaina

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madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma kA mUlyAMkana evaM yogadAna : 463 yahA~ se bhinna-bhinna zAkhAe~ 1 se bAroM va bAroM se cittaur3a hI Akara sthira huI thI / vibhinna dizAoM meM prasArita huI thiiN| yahI nahIM, 15vIM 16vIM zatAbdI meM loMkA zAha dvArA nayA paMtha prArambha karane para usake rAjasthAna meM pracAra kA bhI cittaur3a hI pramukha kendra rahA / sthAnakavAsI paMtha se terApaMtha kA udaya bhI mevAr3a pradeza meM hI huA / mevAr3a yA cittaur3a pradeza se digambara prabhAva kSetra kI bhI eka nizcita dizA va kSetra dekhane ko milatA hai, jo cittaur3a se dillI mArga ke AsapAsa kA kSetra hai / spaSTataH uttarI bhArata kA rAjanItika va sAMskRtika kendra dillI hI rahA hai / ataH digambara AcAryoM kA pAdavihArI kSetra cittaur3a se Age arAvalI se TakarAkara pUrva meM hI bagherA, ajamera, nAgaura, cAtasU, Amera, jayapura Adi meM apanI gAdiyA~ sthApita karatA huA dillo taka bar3hA huA dikhAI detA hai / yaha sampUrNa kSetra anukUla jalavAyu kI peTI thI / mevAr3a ke dakSiNa meM digambara AcAryoM kA eka pravAsa kendra vAgar3a pradeza meM IDara taka dekhane ko milatA hai / dhuleva meM to kASThA saMgha va mUla saMgha donoM kI gAdiyA~ rahIM / spaSTataH ye bhI prAkRtika dRSTi se sarasabja pradeza haiM aura bahuta kucha mAlavA va gujarAta ke hI prakRtika aMga haiM / ataH jainAcAryoM ke liye bhaugolika atizayatAoM ke dRSTikoNa se prativAdhita kSetra nahIM the / pazcimI zvetAmbara prabhAva kSetra ko gujarAta va dakSiNa se jor3ane vAlA bhaugolika kendra arbudamaMDala rahA ataH jainadharma ke zvetAmbara sampradAya kA bhI yaha sabase bar3A sAMskRtika kendra rhaa| isa kSetra ke choTe-choTe gA~voM meM bhI sundara jaina mandira haiM / rAjasthAna meM pracalita kaI gacchoM kI utpatti yahIM se huI / caMdrAvatI, piMDavAr3A, basaMta - gar3ha, sirohI, AbU parvata Adi isa maMgala ke mahatvapUrNa laghu kendra rahe / rAjasthAna meM jainadharma ke svarUpa nirdhAraNa meM arAvalI parvata kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA rahI hai / videzI AkramaNakAriyoM ke mArga nirdhAraNa meM isa parvata kI sthiti kA bahuta mahatva rahA / pazcima kA kSetra zuSka hone ke kAraNa bahuta kama AkramaNakAriyoM kA mArga rahA / dillI meM kendrIya muslima sattA sthApita ho jAne ke pazcAt to dakSiNa kI tarapha jAne vAle mArga rAjasthAna meM mevAr3a va hAr3autI se hokara hI the / ataH hAr3autI kSetra meM dillI - mevAr3a meM sarvadA saMgharSa kI bahuta se jaina mandiroM ko kSati jaina smArakoM kA vipula vidhvaMsa dRSTigocara hotA hai / sthiti rahane ke kAraNa pUrvI va madhya rAjasthAna meM bhI pahu~cI / dillI zAsakoM ke liye dakSiNa AvAgamana ke liye mArga apanAnA kaI dRSTiyoM se asuvidhAjanaka thA ataH ye arAvalI ke pazcima kA pradeza bhaugolika dRSTi se apekSAkRta surakSita kSetra rahe aura AkramaNa kAla meM yahA~ zAstra bhaNDAroM kI sthApanA kara mahatvapUrNa sAhitya, pratimAoM Adi ko surakSita rakhA gayA / jaisalamera ke mandiroM meM 8,000 se bhI adhika pratimAe~ haiM jo rAjasthAna ke vibhinna kSetroM se lAI gaI thIM /

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464 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma yahA~ ke jaina grantha bhaNDAra to vizva prasiddha haiM / pUrvokta sainika mArgoM ke madhya ke sthAnoM para zAstra bhaNDAra adhikAMzataH mugala kAla ke uparAnta hI sthApita kiye gaye / dharma kI Antarika vizeSatAoM ke sAtha prAkRtika vizeSatAoM ke sAmaMjasya se ubharA jaina dharma kA aisA svarUpa nizcita rUpa se vilakSaNa hai / huA (ba) jaina saMskRti ke AdhArabhUta stambha : jaina saMskRti ke isa garimAmaya kAlakhaNDa kA gahana avalokana karane ke uparAnta kucha niSkarSa aura AdhArabhUta saMsthAe~, sudRr3ha stambha ke rUpa meM hamAre samakSa ubhara kara AtI haiM, jinake abhAva yA dRr3hatA meM kamI Ane se saMskRti kA yaha bhavya prAsAda kabhI bhI Dhaha sakatA thA / rAjasthAna meM jainadharma ke ye stambha katipaya mahattvapUrNa jaina saMsthAe~ haiM jinhoMne sudRr3ha nIMva kI bhA~ti AdhAra pradAna kara jaina saMskRti kI gatizIlatA ko saMvaddhita kiyA hai / 1. jainAcArya yA zramaNa varga : 'zramaNa' zabda samabhAva, zramazIlatA aura vRttiyoM ke upazamana kA paricAyaka hai / jaina saMgha ke saMgaThana meM sAdhu-sAdhvI varga pUrNataH vItarAgI, nispRha, niHsvArtha, zAstrokta kaThora evaM maryAdita jIvana vyatIta karane vAlA eka tapaHpUta evaM pAdavihArI samudAya hai, jisako sampUrNa bhArata ke kisI bhI dharma ke saMnyAsI vargaM se tulanA karane para mUrtimaMta tIrtha kI saMjJA se abhihita karane meM koI atizayokti nahIM hai / kathano evaM karanI meM ekarUpatA rakhakara nitya upadeza dene vAlA nigraMtha, anAgAra, asurakSita, bhikSuka, apanI hI zrama sAdhanA para jIvita evaM loka kalyANArtha samarpita jIvana liye, yaha aparigrahI samudAya parigrahI zrAvaka samAja ko naitika evaM AdhyAtmika unnayana, paropakArI ciMtana, sAtvika jIvana tathA dharma kI kalApUrNa, pavitra evaM zAzvata nirmitiyoM ke sarjana ke liye nirantara udbodhita karatA rahA / samAja se nyUnatama lekara adhikatama denA hI inakA jIvanoddezya rahA | samAja ke nimnatama varga se lekara rAjA aura samrAT taka kA bhI samapUjya yaha varga, jana jIvana ke nikaTa samparka meM rahakara, sahaja, sarala evaM grAhya lokabhASA meM, manoraMjaka kathAoM ke mAdhyama se AdhyAtma ke gUr3ha tattva ko upadezitaH karatA rahA / lokamAnasa va janajIvana se lekara rAjamahaloM ke aMtaraMga pariprekSya taka ke sAmAjika, rAjanItika, Arthika, dhArmika va aitihAsika tathyoM ko yaha varga apanI vidvattA se Akalita kara lokabhASA meM kalAtmaka rUpa se nibaddha kara sAhitya sRjana karatA rahA / inhoMne bhaviSya dRSTi rakhakara, anAgata vidhvaMsa ko bhAMpakara mahattvapUrNa granthoM kI asaMkhya pratilipiyA~ taiyAra karavAI aura unakI surakSA ke samucita prabandha hetu zAstra bhaNDAra nirmita karavAye / yaha varga sadaiva preraNA kendra rhaa| jaina abhilekhoM meM sarvatra kisI

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madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma kA mUlyAMkana evaM yogadAna : 465 AcArya ke upadeza se hI mandira nirmANa, pratiSThA Adi sampanna hone kA ullekha milatA hai / vastutaH apane jIvana kI nirmalatA va pavitratA ke kAraNa hI ye zreSThI-janoM rAjAoM evaM zrAvakoM ke pUjya rahe / yadyapi kabhI-kabhI mahatvAkAMkSAoM yA vyaktigata varcasva hetu ye saMgha ko tor3a kara choTe paMtha, gaNa, gaccha Adi nirmita karate rahe, kintu pRthakatva kA AdhAra bhI hamezA zAstrokta niyamoM kA pAlana yA cyuti hI hotA thA, ataH zrAvakoM kI zraddhA kabhI bhI nahIM DagamagAI / yadyapi apavAda jaina saMtoM meM bhI hue haiM kintu apavAdoM se kabhI niyama nahIM TUTate haiN| 2. zreSThI varga : Arthika samRddhi evaM zrI sampanna zreSThI varga, jinameM se kucha apane buddhi-cAturya, kUTanIti evaM apUrva svAmibhakti ke kAraNa apratima rAjanItijJa bhI hue haiM, sadaiva jaina saMskRti ke mahattvapUrNa AdhAra stambha rahe / vivecya kAla meM aitadsaMdabhita udAharaNa pratyeka kAlakhaMDa meM haiN| rAjasthAna kI jaina saMskRti meM aise kaI zreSThI hue, jinhoMne rAjasattA ko Arthika poSaNa hI nahIM diyA, apitu apanI vIratA va bauddhika kSamatAoM se rAjyoM ko bhI surakSita rkhaa| jainAcAryoM ko svayaM sammAna dekara rAjyAdhyakSoM va samrAToM ke sammukha sammAnanIya bnaayaa| rAjAoM ke dvArA prasanna hone para apanI zrIvRddhi yA svArtha ke nimitta kabhI muMha nahIM kholA, apitu jaina dharma ke utkarSa, amAri-ghoSaNA va tIrtha rakSA ke liye hI rAjAjJAe~ caahiiN| karmacandra Adi kaI maMtrI aise hI hue jinhoMne jaina dharma ke saMrakSaNa evaM pravarddhana ke liye rAjyasattA ko unmukha karane ke prayAsa kiye / jaina saMskRti kI bhautika upalabdhiyA~ mandira, upAzraya, mUrtiyA~, sAhitya, citra, smArakAdi ke parimANa meM vRddhi mukhyataH dhanika varga dvArA hI kI gii| inake dvArA adhikAdhika nyAyapUrvaka dhanopArjana kA upayoga lokopakArI kAryoM ke nimitta kiyA jAtA thaa| 3. mandira evaM upAzraya : jaina saMskRti meM 'mandira' nAmaka saMsthA kevala pUjA yA upAsanA kA kendra hI nahIM apitu sAhitya-saMrakSaNa, sAhitya-sRjana, adhyayana-adhyApana evaM sAmUhika ekatrIkaraNa ke dvArA sAmAjika saMgaThana kA bhI preraka hetu rahI / mandiroM kA yaha bahuAyAmI AkarSaNa zrAvakoM ko apanI ruci ke anusAra kisI na kisI rUpa meM vahA~ jAne ke liye bAdhya karatA rhaa| mandiroM kA sAtvika, AdhyAtmika, zaikSika va pavitra vAtAvaraNa hamezA vyakti ke durvicAroM kA zamana kara naitikatA jAgRta karatA rahA / eka ora to kalApUrNa mandira evaM upAzraya zreSThiyoM ke dhana pradarzana ke mAdhyama bane, vahIM inakI sAMskRtika upAdeyatA bhI rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma ke unnayana meM bar3I sArthaka rhii| jaina mandira sAdhanA kendroM ke rUpa meM samAja ke sabhI vargoM kA binA jAti bheda ke svAgata karate rahe / yahI ve kendra rahe jahA~ aparigrahI sAdhu, parigrahI zrAvakoM ko dharma kI kalyANakArI pravRttiyoM meM pravRtta karate rhe|

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466 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 4. zrAvaka varga : yaha varga ukta tInoM saMsthAoM ko poSita kara unake varcasva evaM zrIvRddhi meM hamezA sahAyaka rahA / vastutaH jaina saMgha meM yaha bar3I mahattvapUrNa bAta rahI hai ki zrAvaka varga parigrahI hote hue bhI nitya upadeza zravaNa ke nimitta AcAryoM ke sAnnidhya meM jAtA rahA / amUrtipUjaka paMtha vikasita hone para bhI isa uddezya ke liye upAzrayoM kA sRjana kara liyA gayA / zrAvaka varga kI yaha mUla pravRtti zlAghya hI nahIM, apitu anya dharmAvalambiyoM ke liye bhI preraNA kA srota rhii| zrAvaka varga meM jaina-ajaina binA U~ca-nIca ke bheda bhAva ke sammilita hote rahe haiN| jaina mata ke siddhAntoM meM antanihita mAnavIya bhAvanA, zramaNoM ke zreSTha caritra evaM jainadharma kI acchI chavi ke kAraNa pUrva-madhyakAla meM kaI naI jaina jAtiyA~ aura gotra astitva meM Aye, tathA jaina mata meM dIkSita hokara asaMkhya jana samudAya ne zrAvaka dharmapAlana prArambha kiyA / (sa) rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma ke yogadAna kA svarUpa : 1. naitika mUlyoM kI sthApanA : jaina mAnyatAoM ke anusAra anaitikatA ko janma dene vAle-madya, mAMsa, corI, zikAra, vezyAgamana, parastrIgamana aura juA-ina sAta kuvyasanoM kA niSedha batAyA gayA hai| jaina sAdhu apane jIvana va vyavahAra meM inakA pAlana kara inako nitya snehapUrvaka upadezita karate the aura apane samparka meM Ane vAle sabhI logoM ko anaitika kRtyoM ko tyAgane kI preraNA dete the / svAbhAvika rUpa se jaina sAdhuoM ke upadeza svayaM ke AcaraNa kI pavitratA ke kAraNa adhika prabhAvI hote the / ataH samAja meM naitika mUlyoM ke unnayana meM sadaiva sahAyaka rahe aura sArvajanika jIvana meM naitikatA banI rahI / sAmAnyataH jaina dharmAvalaMbiyoM meM AcaraNa zaithilya yA cAritrika durbalatAe~ nahIM hotI haiM aura kuvyasanoM se dUra rahanA unake saMskAroM meM hI aMtarnihita hotA hai, ataH bauddhika kSamatAoM meM bhI ve anya vargoM se uccatara hote haiN| kuvyasanoM meM dhana kA durupayoga na karane se Arthika rUpa se bhI sampanna hote haiN| samAja ke anya vargoM kI dRSTi meM jaina samAja sadA se naitika mUlyoM kA saMrakSaka mAnA jAtA rahA hai / 2. ahiMsA kA darzana : ___sarve bhavantu sukhinaH', 'jio aura jIne do' tathA 'AtmavatasarvabhUteSu' Adi ahiMsA mUlaka vicAra jaina dharma ko bahumUlya dena haiM / yadyapi ahiMsA kA darzana bhArata ke anya dharmoM ne bhI udghoSita kiyA hai, kintu use kriyAtmaka anupAlana dvArA anukaraNIya banAne kA zreya jaina dharma ko hI hai / madhyakAla meM kSatriya, brAhmaNa Adi jainetara jAtiyAM adhikAMzataH mAMsAhArI thiiN| pazubali aura AkheTa svAbhAvika karma the| kintu pUrva

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jaina zAstra bhaMDAra : 467 madhyakAla meM jainAcArya hI ekamAtra aisI preraNA-srota the, jo kaI kSatriya jAtiyoM ko udbodhita kara hiMsA kA parityAga karavA sake aura jaina mata meM dIkSita kara sake / ahiMsA ke darzana kI,hiMsaka va yuddha priya samudAya para, ahiMsaka tarIke se itanI bar3I vijaya kA vizva ke itihAsa meM saMbhavataH koI udAharaNa nahIM hai / jAtIya saMskAra muzkila se chUTate haiM, kintu madhyakAlIna itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki jaina dharma ko apanAne ke pazcAt ye kSatriya jAtiyAM pUrNataH ahiMsaka ho gaI aura ahiMsA ke vidhirUpa arthAt dayA, anukampA, sneha, sarvaprANiyoM ke prati maMgala bhAvanA Adi ko kaTTara pracAraka bana giiN| ___ jaina ahiMsA kA svarUpa matAvalaMbiyoM ko yuddha se virata rakhakara jAti aura rASTra kI asmitA para AMca Ane dene kA kabhI nahIM rhaa| rAjasthAna ke vibhinna pradezoM meM madhyakAla meM kaI vIra, senApati aura kuzala yoddhA hue haiM, jinhoMne mAtRbhUmi kI rakSArtha apane prANoM kI Ahuti de dii| jaina ahiMsA-darzana kA uddezya yaha avazya rahA ki manuSya apane aMtaHkaraNa kI AvAja para svaicchika zastra-tyAga kare / kintu kartavya pAlana aura svAmibhakti ke Age jaina vIroM ne ahiMsA ke siddhAMta ko bhI nakAra kara apUrva deza prema kA paricaya diyaa| phira bhI jaina dharma meM ahiMsA kA darzana sadaiva AcaraNagata rahA hai| madhyakAlIna abhilekhoM meM amAri ghoSaNAoM ke kaI lekha aura mugala kAla meM kaI pharamAna dekhane ko milate haiM jinase spaSTa hai ki ye jainadharma ke AcAryoM, zrAvakoM, maMtriyoM yA zreSThiyoM kI preraNA se hI nikAle gaye the| 3. lokopakArI pravRttiyoM ko protsAhana : jaina saMskRti meM dharma kevala vaiyaktika AcaraNa hI nahIM, apitu sAmAjika Ava. zyakatA aura samAja-kalyANa vyavasthA kA mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka bhI hai| aparigraha ke darzana ke bhI 2 phalitArtha haiM, pahalA-svayaM ke nirvAha lAyaka arthopArjana aura dUsarA apanI pUrNa kSamatA se nyAyapUrvaka apane va dUsaroM ke nirvAha ke lAyaka arthopArjana / dUsarA artha hI jaina sAdhuoM kA abhISTa rahA / isake anusAra svayaM ke nirvAha ke uparAnta zeSa sevA, dAna, dayA Adi kI mAnyatAnusAra vyaya honA caahie| etadartha AhAra-dAna, jJAnadAna, auSadhadAna aura abhaya-dAna, zAstrokta dAna hai| isa prakAra ke aucityapUrNa darzana ke pracAra ne jaina samAja meM lokopakArI pravRttiyoM ko hamezA jIvita rakhA / sAmAnyataH jaina samAja vivecya kAla meM Arthika rUpa se sampanna thA / sAtvika jIvana vyatIta karane ke kAraNa unakI vyaktigata AvazyakatAe~ nyUnatama hotI thIM, ataH jainAcAryoM ke udbodhana va samAja kI AvazyakatAoM ke anurUpa loka kalyANakArI kAryoM meM jaina varga hamezA pravRtta rhaa| cikitsAlaya, pAThazAlAe~, kue~, bAvar3iyA~, chAtravRtti, akAla va bAr3ha ke samaya sahAyatA, dharmazAlAe~, nirdhanoM kI sahAyatA Adi vividha prakAra ke mAnavopakArI kArya prArambha se ho kiye jAte rhe|

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468 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma rAjasthAna ke vibhinna pradezoM meM jainoM kI udAra bhAvanA, dAnazIlatA, paropakAra Adi ke kaI pramANa bikhare par3e haiN| vAgar3a pradeza kA amAtya sAlhA duSkAla ke samaya 2,000 logoM ko pratidina bhojana karavAtA thaa| anekoM jaina rAjanayikoM ne rAjAoM ko bhI isa prakAra ke kArya karane ke liye pravRtta kara unake rAjyoM ko 'bahujana hitAya bahujana sukhAya' va sahI arthoM meM kalyANakArI rAjya kI mAnyatA dilvaaii| jainadharma ke dvArA isa prakAra ke saMskAroM kA pravartana mAnavatA ke kalyANArtha bahuta bar3A yogadAna haiN| 4. sAtvika jIvana kI preraNA : dharma kA mUla kendra vyakti hai, jisakI jIvana paddhati kI pavitratA va sAtvikatA samAja ko bhI prabhAvita karatI rahI hai / madhyakAla meM sAtvika jIvana kI preraNA dene meM jainadharma kA apUrva yogadAna thaa| sAmAnyataH jaina matAvalaMbI ekapatnIvratI hI rahe / katipaya abhilekhoM meM dvibhAryA ullekha bhI milate haiM, jinheM apavAda hI mAnA jAnA cAhie / yaha bhI sambhava hai ki anya jAtiyoM se dharmAMtaraNa kara jaina mata meM dIkSita vyakti apanI pUrvavartI ekAdhika patniyoM kA tyAga nahIM kara pAye hoN| jaina matAvalaMbI zuddha zAkAhArI rahe aura anya vargoM ko bhI inase nirantara mAMsAhAra tyAgane ko preraNA milatI rhii| mAMsAhAra ko bar3hAvA dene vAlI bali-prathA to madhyakAla kI uttaravartI zatAbdiyoM meM dhIre-dhIre lupta-prAya ho gaI / mugala samrATa akabara jainAcAryoM aura jaina darzana se prabhAvita hokara apane pazcAtvartI jIvanakAla meM pUrNa ahiMsaka ho gayA thaa| usane AkheTa va mAMsAhAra tyAga diyA thaa| jaina mata meM aise khAnapAna kA va jIvana paddhati kA sarvathA niSedha rahA hai, jisase jIvana meM tAmasika vRttiyoM ko bar3hAvA mile / jIvana meM sAtvikatA, pavitratA va nirmalatA lAkara udAtta bhAvoM kI sRSTi karanA jainadharma ke upadezoM kI mahatvapUrNa dena hai| 5. sarvadharma evaM prANI samabhAva: __jainadharma meM dhArmika sahiSNutA kI pravRtti AdyakAlIna rahI hai / jA~ti-pA~ti, UMcanIca, jaina-ajaina Adi bhedoM ko kabhI mAnyatA nahIM rahI / jaina sAdhuoM ke liye kumhAra, bar3haI Adi ke yahA~ se bhI AhAra lene kA vidhAna hai / tIrthaMkaroM ke samavazaraNa meM jaise sabhI prANI dharmopadezana ke pAtra the, usI prakAra Aja taka bhI jaina sAdhuoM ke vyAkhyAna jainAjaina sabhI ko lAbhAnvita kara rahe haiN| maMdira evaM upAzraya praveza kisI ke liye bhI niSiddha nahIM rahe / mevAr3a meM kesariyA jI tathA nAkor3A pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra jI Adi sabhI ke pUjya haiN| nADola ke cauhAna kIrtipAla ke 1161 I0 ke tAmralekha ke prAraMbhika maMgalAcaraNa meM brahmA, viSNu va ziva ko jaina jagata meM prasiddha kahA gayA hai| osiyA ke sacciyA

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jaina zAstra bhaMDAra : 469 mAtA ke prAMgaNa meM sthita sUrya maMdira meM pichale bAhya maMDovara bhAga para pArzvanAtha kI mUrti kA aMkana hai| AbU ke vimala vasahi meM kAliyAdamana, cANUravadha, tathA lUNa vasahi meM kRSNajanma, dadhimaMthana, rAsa lIlA Adi ke dRzya haiN| sAMgAnera ke siMdhI jaina maMdira ke staMbhoM para rAsalIlA evaM kRSNa ke vibhinna rUpoM kA aMkana hai| hindU devI-devatAoM ko bhI jaina dharma meM vividha rUpoM meM AtmasAta kara liyA gayA hai| kubera, sarasvatI, aMbikA, vaiSNavI Adi kI kaI pratimAe~ jaina maMdiroM meM haiN| mahiSamardinI ko sacciyamAtA ke rUpa meM samasta jainoM dvArA pUjA jAtA hai| gaNeza va bhairava bhI jainiyoM dvArA samapUjya haiN| jainAcAryoM ke anekoM hindU AcAryoM va paMDitoM se zAstrArtha hone ke ullekha haiM / kintu madhyayuga ke jaina dhArmika Andolana kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha rahI hai ki deza ke aneka dhArmika matoM kA khaMDana karate hue bhI jainAcAryoM ne muslima dharma ke viruddha eka zabda bhI nahIM kahA aura na inakA kisI islAmI saMta se zAstrArtha honA pAyA jAtA hai| kintu hIravijaya, jinacaMdra Adi ke abulaphajala Adi muslima saMtoM evaM vidvAnoM se vicAra-vimarza karane ke pramANa haiN| jaina, muslima mata ke prati apekSAkRta sahiSNu ho rhe| siddharAja jayasiMha ne una logoM ko kar3A daMDa diyA thA jinhoMne musalamAnoM kI masjidoM ko kSati pahu~cAne kA thor3A bhI vicAra kiyA thaa| vIra dhavala ke mahAmAtya vastupAla ne to svayaM rAjya ke kharca se aneka masjidoM kA nirmANa taka karA diyA thaa| 6. saMgha zakti evaM ekatA ko protsAhana : RSi muni eva devadarzanArtha tIrtha yAtrA jaina dharma meM saMghoM ke rUpa meM hotI rhii| saMgha kA nAyaka saMghapati kahalAtA thA, jo gauravapUrNa pada mAnA jAtA thaa| madhyakAla meM jainAcAryoM ke sAnnidhya meM anekoM cAturvidha saMgha yAtrAe~ huI, jo jaina saMgha meM ekatva banAye rakhane meM sahAyaka siddha rahIM / sthAnakavAsI paMtha ke udaya ke pazcAt ye yAtrAeM AcAryoM ke cAturmAsa vAle sthAnoM para bhI hotI rahIM / sAmAjikatA kI vRddhi, saMgaThana kauzala, ekatA Adi kI dRSTi se jaina saMgha ko inakA yogadAna ati mahatvapUrNa hai| 7. sainika, prazAsanika evaM rAjanItika kSetra: ___ rAjasthAna ke madhyakAlIna itihAsa meM jaina dharmAnuyAyI aneka parAkramI puruSoM, yoddhAoM, prazAsakoM, rAjanItijJoM va kUTanItijJoM ke udAharaNa haiM, jinhoMne apUrva svAmI 1. zyAma sundara dIkSita, 13vI, 14vIM zatAbdI ke jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya, pR0 86 2. gujarAtI madhyakAlIna rAjapUta itihAsa, pR0 273 3. gujarAta kA jainadharma, muni jinavijaya, pR0 5

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470 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma bhakti, rAjanIti, kUTanIti, arthanIti, yuddhanIti Adi ke dvArA tatkAlIna rAjya prabaMdha va itihAsa nirmANa meM apUrva yogadAna diyA / isakI puSTi anekoM abhilekhoM, tAmrapatroM, rukkoM, paTTe - paravAnoM, granthoM, vaMzAvaliyoM, khyAtoM va bhAToM kI bahiyoM Adi se hotI hai / sAmAnyataH inakI yogyatAoM se prabhAvita hokara inheM sarvocca padoM para niyukta kiyA jAtA thaa| inake prati zAsakoM ke agAdha vizvAsa kA anumAna inhIM tathyoM se lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki adhikAMza ko pIr3hI dara pIr3hI unhIM padoM para rakhA gayA, khajAnoM kI cAbiyA~ unake pAsa rahane dIM, sAmarika mahatva ke kile va netRtva meM sauMpA, senAnAyakoM ke pada para niyukta kara zatru ke viruddha saMcAlana kA dAyitva diyA, sulaha va saMdhivArtAoM tathA rAjakAja ke kAmoM meM bhI jaina samudAya kI sevAeM bar3e paimAne para prApta kIM / gar3hoM ko unake saMgharSa meM sainya - anya choTe bar3e madhyakAla ke aise jaina gauravapAtra mevAr3a rAjya meM jAlasI mehatA, bhAramalla, bhAmAzAha evaM tArAcanda, raMgojI, boliyA, siMghavI dayAladAsa, mehatA agaracanda tathA mehatA mAladAsa, pradhAna evaM dIvAna padoM para navalakhA rAmadeva, navalakhA sahaNapAla, tolAzAha, karmAzAha, boliyA nihAlacaMda, kAvar3iyA bhAmAzAha, kAvar3iyA jIvAMzAha akSayarAja, dayAladAsa Adi, jodhapura rAjya meM rAva samarA evaM narA bhaNDArI, muhaNota neNasI, siMdhI indrarAja ; pradhAna evaM dIvAna pada para bhaMDArI parivAra ke kaI vaMzaja, bIkAnera rAjya ke mehatA karmacandra bacchAvata, veda mehatA, mahArAva hindUmala va kaI dIvAna, kizanagar3ha, sirohI, pratApagar3ha, bAMsavAr3A, jhAlAvAr3a Adi meM bhI kaI rahe haiM / " jayapura rAjya meM bhI jaina dIvAnoM kI laMbI paraMparA rahI hai, jinameM rAmacaMdra chAbar3A, dIvAna kizanacaMdra, bhImasiMha, mahAmaMtrI mohanadAsa, kalyANa dAsa, ajItadAsa, saMghI hukamacaMda jhuMthArAma, zyojIdAsa, amaracaMda, bAlacaMda chAbar3A Adi kaI ullekhanIya haiM / 2 8. Arthika unnayana meM yogadAna : rAjasthAna kI Arthika dhurI prAcIna kAla se hI jaina zreSThI varga rahA hai / sAmAnyataH jaina matAvalaMbiyoM kA mukhya karma 'vyApAre vasati lakSmI' ke AdhAra para vANijya evaM vyApAra rahA hai| pUrva madhyakAla va madhyakAla meM bhI grAmINa kSetra ke katipaya zrAvakoM kA mukhya karma kRSi hI rahA kintu isameM hiMsA kA kucha aMza dekhakara anya jAtiyoM se yaha karma karavAyA jAne lagA va svayaM kRSi padArthoM kA vipaNana karane lage / jaina mata meM khetapAliyA, nyAtI, bhaMDazAlI, saMcetI, koThArI Adi gotra kRSi karma se saMbaMdhita mAne gaye hai / 1. devakoThArI, jaisarA, pR0 307-331, lekha 'dezI riyAsatoM ke zAsana prabaMdha meM jainiyoM kA sainika va rAjanaitika yogadAna' 2. bha~varalAla jaina, jaisarA, pR0 332-339 lekha 'jayapura ke jaina dIvAna' 3. balavaMta siMha mehatA, jaisarA, pR0 350, lekha --- rAjasthAna kI samRddhi meM jainiyoM kA yogadAna

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jaina zAstra bhaMDAra : 471 mukhyataH vyApAra evaM vANijya para avalaMbita hone se jainadharma meM vibhinna prakAra ke vyApAra ke AdhAra para doSI, kapAsI, kumbhaTa, hirana, sonI, kAvar3iyA, phirodiyA, gadaiyA, nAnAvATI, lUNiyA, hiMgar3a, botharA, talesarA, gAMdhI, paTuA, gannA, pArakha, rAMkA Adi gotroM kI utpatti huii| vyApAra va vANijya ke liye ye jAtiyAM rAjasthAna ke vibhinna hissoM meM pravAsita huI jisake phalasvarUpa Arthika kSetra meM pragati ke sAtha-sAtha jainadharma kA bhI vistAra huaa| madhyakAla meM rAjasthAna meM cittaur3a, Ahar3a, basaMtapura, bhInamAla, caMdrAvatI, AbU, jAlaura, maMDora, osiyA, pAlI, lodravA Adi kaI pramukha vyApArika kendra the| yahA~ ke vyApArI na kevala bhArata meM, apitu deza-videza se bhI AyAta-niryAta kA vyApAra karane the| pUrva meM cIna, baramA, syAma tathA pazcima meM araba va yUnAna taka vyApAra hotA thaa| rAjasthAna meM videzI AyAta kA mAla bhRgukaccha ( bhar3auMca) se AtA thaa| 861 I0 ke ghaTiyAlA abhilekha meM bhAuDa nAmaka zreSThI kA ullekha hai| doSI gotra ke cittaur3a ke vaizya vyApArI tolAzAha kA vyApAra baMgAla va cIna taka hotA thaa| cIna meM inakI per3iyA~ thIM / bhar3IMca se AyAtita mAla baMjAroM ke dvArA bailagAr3iyoM se cittaur3a AtA thaa| zatruJjaya kA antima uddhAra karane vAlA karmAzAha isI tolAzAha kA putra thA, jo mahArAjA ratnasiMha kA amAtya bhI thA / karmAzAha ne gujarAta ke bAdazAha bahAdurazAha ko yuvarAja avasthA meM vipatti ke samaya taka lAkha rupayA nakada aura eka lAkha rupayoM kA sUtI va rezamI kapar3A diyA thaa| usI ke upalakSya meM gujarAta kA bAdazAha banane para bahAdurazAha ne use zatrujaya kA jIrNoddhAra karane va bhaviSya meM apane dvArA koI jaina maMdira nahIM tor3ane kA vacana diyA thaa| jaisalamera ke prasiddha seTha thArUzAha bhaMsAlI ne atula rAzi vyaya karake zatrujaya kA prathama uddhAra karavAyA thaa| bhaMsAlI zreSThI varga bar3e-bar3e bhaMDAroM ke svAmI hote the| inakA vyApAra IrAna va aphagAnistAna taka hotA thaa| ye siMghu nadI se jahAjoM ke dvArA bhI vyApAra karate the| jaisalamera ke hI rAMkA va paTavA jAti ke seThoM ne atula dhana vyaya karake yahA~ aise adbhuta mahala va mandira banavAye, jinakI zilpa va koraNI kA kAma anupama hai / zreSThiyoM kI paraMparA meM jaisalamera ke paTavA jorAvalamala kA nAma mahattvapUrNa hai| bhArata meM unakI 400 se adhika per3iyA~ va dUkAneM thiiN| inakA sthAyI nivAsa udayapura thA, kintu jaisalamera, jodhapura, bIkAnera, bUdI, Toka va indaura ke rAjyoM ke khajAnoM para inakA pUrNa prabhutva thA, kyoMki ye ina rAjyoM ke khajAMcI the / mevAr3a jaisA 1. balavaMta siMha mehatA, jaisarA, pR0 351 lekha-rAjasthAna kI samRddhi meM jainayoM kA yogadAna 2. vahI, pR0 352 3. vahI

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472 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma aitihAsika rAjya kaI varSoM taka inake pAsa giravI rahA / inhoMne kaI tIrthayAtrA saMgha nikAle va apane samaya meM do karor3a se adhika rupayA dAna-puNya meM vyaya kiyA tathA do karor3a se adhika rupayA AvAsa va dhArmika bhavanoM ke nirmANa meM vyaya kiyA / jaisalamera meM inake dvArA banavAye gaye mahala va havelo zilpa kI dRSTi se Aja bhI adbhuta hai|' rAjasthAna meM anekoM mahatvapUrNa zreSThI pratyeka kAla meM astitva meM rahe / 'kAnhar3ade prabaMdha' meM jAlaura ke bar3e-bar3e vyApAriyoM ke ullekha hai| cittaur3a meM bhAmAzAha kA zvasura atula saMpatti kA svAmI thaa| bhAmAzAha kA pitA bhAramala 18 karor3a kA svAmI va bhArata prasiddha seTha thaa| bhAmAzAha svayaM ne apanI atula saMpatti mAtRbhUmi kI rakSArtha rANA pratApa ko arpita kara dI / madhyakAla ke anya ullekhanIya jaina zreSThI-caMdrAvatI nivAsI dharaNiga, kavIndra baMdhu yazovIra, zreSThI yazorAja, nAgapurIya barahar3iyA, nAgara zreSThI, besaTha zreSThI, rAlhA, samadhA, dhAMdhala, jelhA, rAmadeva navalakhA, vIsala guNarAja, dharaNAzAha Adi haiN| audyogika kSetra meM bhI jainoM kA varcasva thA / rAjasthAna meM udyoga kA prAcInatama kendra basaMtapura mAnA jAtA hai| yahA~ ke jainadharma saMgha ne sarvaprathama jaitaka ke netRtva meM jAvara kI khAnoM meM utkhanana kA kArya prArambha kiyA thA, jahA~ se cA~dI, jastA aura sIsA nikAlA jAtA thaa| jaitaka saMsAra kA pahalA khanija abhiyantA, zramika netA aura sahakAra dharmI thA / jainadharma ke isa mukhiyA ne jAvara meM candrikA devI kA vizAla mandira banavAyA thA va 18 pradezoM ke utkhanana vizeSajJa bulAye the| vitala meM utkhanana karane ke kAraNa inheM usa samaya vaitAlika kahA jAtA thA, jisakA apabhraMza rUpa jaina samAja kI vartamAna vaitAlA jAti hai| saMsAra meM sarvaprathama pItala kI dena isI jAvara khAna ko hai / yahA~ tAMbA va jastA eka sAtha milatA thA, jinake mizraNa se pItala banatA hai| yahAM ke pItala ko DhalI huI mUrtiyAM Aja bhI piMDavAr3A meM vidyamAna haiM / jainA. cArya haribhadrasUri ne basaMtapura kA pramukha jaina tIrtha evaM vyApArika kendra ke rUpa meM ullekha karate hue likhA hai ki yahA~ ke deza prasiddha vyApArI dakSiNa meM kSitipratiSThAnapura aura pUrva meM caMpA jaise sudUra bhAgoM meM jAkara vyApAra karate the aura ve atyanta dhanADhya the / lagabhaga 16 vIM zatAbdI taka basaMtapura eka pramukha vyApArika nagara thaa| jaina zreSThiyoM, vyApAriyoM, sAhUkAroM yA mahAjanoM kI bhUmikA vyApArika kSetra meM zIrSastha rhii| bar3e vyApAriyoM kA kArya kRSi utpAdana kI vastuoM kA niryAta tathA 1. balavaMta siMha mehatA, jaisarA, 50 353 lekha-rAjasthAna ko samRddhi meM jainiyoM kA yogadAna 2. vahI 3. vahI, pR0 354 4. vahI,

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jaina zAstra bhaMDAra : 473 sthAnIya AvazyakatA ke anusAra vastuoM kA AyAta karanA thaa| AyAta-niryAta ke pramukha padArtha rezama, bar3hiyA kapar3A, nIla, cInI, lohA, tambAkU, aphIma, khajUra, sUkhe meve, gehU~, cAvala, phala, masAle, nAriyala, davAiyAM Adi the| sthAnIya vyApArI kapar3A, kapAsa, anAja, kirAnA, ghI, gallA Adi kA vinimaya karate the| jaina zreSThI varga kA eka mahatvapUrNa arthopArjana kA sAdhana rupayoM kA lena-dena va byAja arjana bhI rahA / 18vIM zatAbdI taka grAmINa arthavyavasthA kI dhurI isa prakAra kA sAhUkAra varga hI rahA, jo samayAnukUla kRSakoM kI madada karatA rhaa| isa prakAra kRSi, vyavasAya evaM udyoga tInoM meM bhAgIdAra rahakara jaina vyApAriyoM ne pradeza ke Athika unnayana meM atyadhika yogadAna 'diyaa| 9. zaikSika evaM bauddhika unnayana meM yogadAna : jaina matAvalambI vyApArI hone ke sAtha hI jJAna-pipAsu varga bhI rahA hai / zaikSika mUlyoM ko kabhI vismRta nahIM kiyaa| prAkRta evaM saMskRta zikSaNa ke liye mandira meM yA -pRthak se pAThazAlAeM calAI jAtI thIM, jahA~ zikSaNa vidhi sarala evaM sugrAhya hotI thii| jainiyoM ne sahazikSA ko bhI lar3akiyoM ke liye eka ucita avasthA taka sahI mAnA hai, ataH 11-12 varSa taka lar3akiyoM ko bhI zikSita kiyA jAtA thaa| jainamata meM svAdhyAya tapa kA aMga mAnA gayA hai, jisake liye zikSita hone ke sAtha-sAtha granthoM evaM sAhitya kA honA bhI Avazyaka thA ataH maMdiroM meM yA pRthak se pustakAlaya yA granthAgAra bhI hote the, jahA~ svAdhyAya kI suvidhA hotI thii| granthoM kI ucita dekhabhAla kI jAtI thI aura satat rUpa se granthoM kI pratilipiyAM va naye granthoM kA sajana hotA rahatA thaa| madhyakAla meM aura vizeSataH pUrva-madhyakAla meM zaikSika mUlyoM ko vikasita karane meM jainadharma kA -mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai / sampUrNa vivecya kAla meM vividha dharmAvalambiyoM kA sApekSa adhyayana karane para yaha tathya spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki zaikSika mUlyoM, pAThazAlAoM, sAhitya adhyayana, sAhitya sRjana, usake rakha-rakhAva Adi ko jitanA saMrakSaNa jainiyoM ne diyA hai, utanA anya kisI varga ne nahIM / inake dvArA sthApita va saMrakSita zAstra bhaMDAra sampUrNa deza ke liye anamola haiN| 10. sAhitya sRjana meM yogadAna : jainAcAryoM evaM vidvAnoM ne deza, kAla evaM paristhiti ke yathArUpa citraNa ke sAtha hI 'dhArmika sAhitya kA bhI vipula sRjana kiyaa| prAkRta, apabhraza, saMskRta, rAjasthAnI evaM hindI meM racA gayA, sAhitya bahuviSayaka thaa| Agama, darzana, itihAsa, rAjanIti, kathA, kAvya, jyotiSa, Ayurveda, bhUgola, khagola, vyAkaraNa, evaM chandazAstra, zabda koSa Adi sabhI viSayoM para aneka kRtiyAM racI gii| mUla racanAoM ke sAtha hI ina para bhASya, TIkAeM', bAlAvabodha Adi racakara inako sAmAnya janoM ke avagAhama ke liye upayogI

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474 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma banAyA gyaa| jaina sAhitya bhASA vijJAna kI dRSTi se bahuta upayogI hai| isakA mahattva sAmAjika, sAMskRtika va itihAsa lekhana kI dRSTi se bhI hai| jaina sAhitya naitika mUlyoM kA saMrakSaka aura bhAratIya adhyAtma cetanA kA pratIka hai / isakI pramukha vizeSatAeM vividhatA va vizAlatA, bhASAgata udAratA, lokapracalita bhASA kA upayoga, rasa vaividhya, vidhA vaividhya va loka maMgalakArI honA hai| apabhraza sAhitya kA to mukhya kendra hI rAjasthAna thaa| vastutaH sAhityika yogadAna ko dRSTi se jaina sAhitya kA mahatva atulanIya hai| 11. sAhitya saMrakSaNa meM yogadAna : dUradarzI jainAcAryoM ne sambhavataH muslima vidhvaMsa kI vibhISikA ko pahale se hI bhAMpa liyA thA / ataH 14vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt se hI maulika sRjana ke sAtha-sAtha granthoM kA pratilipikaraNa va grantha bhaNDAroM, mandiroM Adi meM unakA saMgrahaNa jArI rahA / jaina mata meM grantha likhavAkara bheMTa dene kI naI paramparA vikasita huI, jisase zAstra bhaNDAra samRddha hote gye| muslima vidhvaMsa ke samaya sudUra sthAnoM para inako sthApanA kI gii| jaisalamera ke zAstra bhaNDAra isIliye surakSita raha pAye, jo jJAna kI anamola nidhi haiM / rAjasthAna meM lagabhaga 200 jJAna bhaMDAra maMdiroM, upAzrayoM yA vyaktigata adhikAra meM haiM, jinameM 3 lAkha se bhI adhika grantha saMgrahIta haiN| zAstra bhaMDAroM kI upayogitA kalAtmaka pratimAnoM ke saMrakSaNa, itihAsa sarjana, sAhitya sRjana kendra, adhyayana va zikSaNa kendra Adi rUpoM meM rhii| inameM tAr3apatrIya granthoM, kAgaja granthoM, vastra-paTTa, kASThaphalaka, vijJapti patra Adi kA vizAla saMgraha hai| abhI to inakA sUcIkaraNa bhI pUrNa nahIM ho pAyA hai| rAjasthAna ke jaina granthagAroM meM ajaina grantha bhI haiN| pUrva-madhyakAla meM bhI zAstra bhaNDAra hote the, kintu ye aba astitva meM nahIM haiM, kintu jitane bhI madhyakAla ke abhI avaziSTa haiM, ve sampUrNa deza ke liye anamola nidhi haiN| 12. itihAsa-sRjana meM sahAyaka : rAjasthAna kI madhyakAlIna jaina sAmagrI va srota jaina itihAsa-sRjana ke atirikta rAjasthAna evaM bhArata ke laukika evaM sAMskRtika itihAsa ke nirmANa ke bhI mahattvapUrNa sAdhana srota haiN| yadi hama aitihAsika srotoM meM se jaina srotoM ko pRthak kara deM to bhArata va rAjasthAna ke itihAsa meM se kaI kar3iyA~ lapta ho jAveMgI aura samasta aitihAsika tathya bikhara jAyeMge / yadyapi jaina abhilekhoM kA uddezya sAmAjika evaM kAlika itihAsa kA vivecana karanA nahIM thA, kintu jaina zreSThI apane kSetra ke varNana ke sAtha rAjAoM Adi ke nAmoM kA bhI ullekha karavAte the, jo atizayoktipUrNa na hokara vastuparaka hotA thA, ataH itihAsa ke sahI vivecana meM atyaMta sahAyaka hai / brAhmaNa paMDitoM kI tulanA meM jainAcAryoM dvArA likhita abhilekha adhika tathyapUrNa va prAmANika. hote haiM / yaha tathya gaurIzaMkara ojhA ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| kaI ajaina abhilekha 1. ojhA, udayapura rAjya, pR0 175 /

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jaina zAstra bhaMDAra : 475 bhI jainAcAryoM dvArA likhe gye| karnala TaoNDa ke dvArA rAjasthAna ke itihAsa lekhana kA prathama prayAsa jaina yati jJAnacanda aura jaina srotoM kI sahAyatA ke binA kadApi sambhava nahIM thaa| yaha tathya svayaM TaoNDa ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| abhI bhI jaina grantha bhaMDAroM kI apAra sAmagrI azodhita par3I hai, jisake sUkSma adhyayana se itihAsa ke aneka timirAvRtta pRSThoM ko prakAza meM lAyA jA sakatA hai| rAjasthAna va bhArata meM pUrva-madhyakAla kI sAhitya aura citrakalA ke itihAsa kI lupta kar3iyoM kI khoja jaina apabhraMza sAhitya va jaina citrakalA zailI meM pUrNa huI hai| ataH itihAsa ke gumphana meM jaina srotoM kA nirvivAda rUpa se mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| 13. jaina jAtiyoM kA udgama sthala : harSa kI mRtyu ke pazcAt bahuta se zaka, hUNa evaM zastropajIvI samudAya rAjasthAna meM hI basa gye| sthAnIya samudAyoM ke samparka evaM jainamata kI mahattvapUrNa prabhAvanA ke asara se ye sthAnIya samAja meM acchI taraha se ghula-mila gaye the / isakA pramANa haribhadrasUri dvArA bhInamAla meM kaI videziyoM ko yahAM ke samAja meM milAyA jAnA prasiddha hai| pazcAtvartI jainAcAryoM ke yogadAna se kaI kRSaka evaM yuddhopajIvI vaizya, kSatriya evaM anya jAtiyA~ jaina mata meM dIkSita huI, jinakA vyavasAya vyApAra va vANijya hone se inheM vibhinna kSetroM meM prasArita honA pdd'aa| naI jaina jAtiyA~ va gotra astitva meM Aye / vyApAra ke nimitta ye samudAya rAjasthAna ke bAhara bhI sarvatra phaile jisase rAjasthAna meM utpanna ye jAtiyA~ evaM gotra deza ke vibhinna hissoM meM bhI dekhane ko milate haiN| jaina mata meM vibhinna jAtiyoM evaM bahusaMkhya gotroM kI utpatti meM rAjasthAna kA yogadAna isa dRSTi se atulanIya hai| 14. sthApatya kalA meM yogadAna : maMdira sthApatya kI dRSTi se jainadharma rAjasthAna meM agraNI rahA hai| zreSThI varga kI saMpannatA va vipula dhana vyaya karane kI sAmarthya ke kAraNa bhavya, kalAtmaka, vAstuzilpa siddhAMtoM ke anukUla, anupama takSaNa, kurAI va utkIrNana ke alaMkaraNoM se sajjita utkRSTa maMdira banavAye gye| dilavAr3A ke vimalavasahi, lUNa vasahi, rANakapura, cittaur3a kA jaina kIti staMbha, jaisalamera ke svaNima zikharoM vAle maMdira saMpUrNa vizva meM anupameya kalAtIrtha haiN| jainAcAryoM kI preraNA, vAstuzilpiyoM ke dhairya aura sAdhanA, zreSThiyoM kI udAratA aura zrAvakoM kI bhakti ke pratIka ye jaina saMskRti ke pratimAna pazcAtvartI kaI jaina-ajaina maMdiroM ko nirmiti ke liye Adarza rahe / yadyapi jaina sthApatya samakAlIna vAstu zailI se bhinna nahIM hai, kintu inakI pavitratA, sAdagI, kAmuka dRzyoM kA abhAva, vipula alaMkaraNa aura sAtvika vAtAvaraNa meM eka anokhA AkarSaNa hai, jo anya maMdiroM ke saMdarbha meM inake pRthak astitva kI udghoSaNA karatA hai|

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476 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 15. mUrtikalA meM yogadAna : jaina sAdhuoM kI preraNA, zrAvakoM kI dharma bhAvanA va dhana vyaya karane kI sAmarthya ke kAraNa jina pratimAoM kI sthApanA va pratiSThA jainadharma meM puNya kRtya mAnA jAtA rahA hai| rAjasthAna meM pItala, saptadhAtu, paMcadhAtu, aSTadhAtu, saMgamaramara, raMgIna prastara, sAmAnya prastara yahA~ taka ki hIre va pannoM ko bhI pratimAeM hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM haiN| Aja bhI utkhanana meM bharatapura, caMdrAvatI, basaMtapura, bagherA evaM anya kaI pradezoM se mUrtiyAM nikalatI rahatI hai, jo jaina mUrtikalA kI atIta kI saMpannatA kI dyotaka haiN| jaina zilpa ke kucha mahatvapUrNa pratIka jaise naMdIzvara dvIpa, sahastrakUTa caityAlaya, caubIsI, paMcatIrthI Adi apane Apa meM viziSTa haiN| AbU acalagar3ha kI 108 mana pItala kI bhArI pratimA jaina mUrtizilpa kA anupama udAharaNa hai| guNAtmaka evaM parimANAtmaka dRSTi se jaina mUrti kalA kA rAjasthAna kI saMskRti meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna hai / 16. citrakalA meM yogadAna : madhyakAla meM jainamata meM kalA ko jo saMrakSaNa milA hai, usase bhAratIya citrakalA kI samRddhi hI nahIM bar3hI, apitu kalA itihAsa kI lupta kar3iyoM kA bhI patA calA hai / jaina graMtha bhaMDAroM ke tADapatrIya va prAcIna hastalikhita graMthoM ke jo laghucitra milate haiM, unase hI pazcAtvartI rAjasthAnI kalA kI vividha zailiyA~, mugala mizrita zailI, yahA~ taka ki Adhunika citrakalA kI kaI pratIkAtmaka vidhAeM bhI astitva meM AI haiN| katipaya kalAmarmajJoM ne ise apabhraMza zailI kA nAma diyA hai, jo yuktiyukta nahIM hai| jaina citroM kI rekhAoM kI kamanIyatA, raMga saMyojana, loka jIvana kA prakaTIkaraNa, tatkAlIna vezabhUSA kA citraNa, dhArmika AkhyAnoM kA avalaMbana Adi mahatvapUrNa vizeSatAe~ haiM / vastrapaTTa, kASThaphalaka, vijJapti patra Adi kA sUkSma citraNa, kalA graMthoM meM lekhana ke mAdhyama se hI rikta sthAna chor3akara kamala, svastika Adi nirmita karanA jainiyoM ke kalAprema kA sUcaka hai| tAMtrika kalA, jaMbU dvIpa, vizva dvIpa, sRSTi puruSa, bhaugolika citraNa Adi kI dRSTi se jaina kalA kA samakAlIna citra vidhAoM se koI sAmya nahIM hai / vastutaH jaina kalA apanI anokhI vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa kalA jagata ko mahatvapUrNa dena hai| uparokta mUlyAMkana evaM yogadAna ke svarUpoM ke AMkalana se spaSTa hai ki madhyakAla meM jainadharma kI sAMskRtika bhUmikA, rAjasthAna kI sAMskRtika garimA meM hI dRddhi nahIM karatI, apitu saMpUrNa bhArata ke sataraMgo sAMskRtika itihAsa para bhI gauravapUrNa, amiTa, maMgalakArI va cirasmaraNIya chApa chor3atI hai /

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sandarbha grantha sUcI (1) jaina Agamika racanAe~: 1. AcArAMga : jekobI dvArA aMgrejI anuvAda, se0 bu0 I0. 22, oNksaphorDa, 1892 2. uttarAdhyayana : jekobI dvArA aMgrejI anuvAda, se0 bu0 I0, 45, oNksaphorDa, 1895 3. kalpasUtra : jekobI dvArA aMgrejI anuvAda, se0 bu0 I0, 22, oNksaphorDa, 1892 4. sUtrakRtAMga : jekobI dvArA aMgrejI anuvAda, se0 bu0 I0, 45 AksaphorDa, 1895 (2) jaina sAhityika evaM aitihAsika racanAe~ : 1. upadeza saptatikA : somadharma, caturvijaya dvArA saMpAdita, zrI jaina AtmAnanda granthamAlA, bhAvanagara : siddharSi, jekobI dvArA sampAdita, bibli othekA iNDikA, kalakattA 3. osavAla vaMzAvalI : agaracanda nAhaTA, bIkAnera ke saMgrahAlaya meM 72 phITa lambe vastra paTTa para, vi0 saM0 1612 meM racita 4. kathAkoza prakaraNa : jinezvara sUri, muni jinavijaya dvArA saMpAdita, sindhI jaina granthamAlA, kra0 24, bambaI paMca kathA 5. karmacandra vaMza prabandha : guNacandra (aprakAzita) 6. karmacandra vaMzota kIrtana kAvyam : jayasoma (aprakAzita) 7. kIrti kaumudI mahAkAvya : somezvara, e0 vI0 kAThavaTe dvArA sampAdita, bambaI, 1883 8. kumArapAla caritra mahAkAvya : jayasiMha sUri (kRSNagaccha), zAnti vijaya gaNI dvArA sampAdita, bambaI 1926 9. kumArapAla prabandha : jinamaMDana, muni caturvijaya dvArA sampAdita, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1971 10. kumArapAla caritra saMgraha : muni jinavijaya dvArA sampAdita, sindhI jaina granthAlaya, kra0 41, bambaI, 1956

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478 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 11. kharataragaccha bRhadagurvAvalI 12. kharataragaccha kA itihAsa 13. gurUguNa ratnAkara kAvya 14. jaina tIrthaM sarva saMgraha 15. tIrthamAlA, khaNDelavAla digambara jaina mandira - 16. tIrthayAtrA stavana 17. triSaSThi zalAkA puruSa -18. darzanasAra - 19. digvijaya mahAkAvya 20. dvayAzraya mahAkAvya -21. dhUrtAkhyAna 22. naranArAyaNAnanda mahAkAvya 23. paTTAvalI samuccaya 24. purAtana prabandha saMgraha --25. paTTAvalI prabandha saMgraha : jinapAla upAdhyAya, muni jinavijaya dvArA sampAdita, bambaI 1956 : prathama khaMDa, ajamera, 1959 : soma caritra gaNI, indravijaya dvArA saMpAdita, zrI yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, bhAga 24, banArasa, vini0 saM0 2437 : bhAga 1 evaM 2 : udayapura ke grantha saMkhyA 72 meM prApta evaM vi0 saM0 1529 meM racita : vinayaprabha, agaracanda nAhaTA dvArA jaina satya prakAza bhAga 16, pR0 16 para prakAzita jonsana dvArA anuvAda, : hemacandra, helena ema0 bar3audA, 1931 : devasena, nAthUrAma premI dvArA sampAdita, jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1974 : meghavijaya, ambAlAla premacanda zAha dvArA sampAdita, sindhI jaina granthamAlA, kra0 14, bambaI, 1445 : hemacandra, e0 vI0 kAThavaTe dvArA sampAdita, 2 bhAga, bambaI, 1915 : haribhadra, e0 ena0 upAdhye kA prAkkathana, sindhI jaina granthamAlA, 15, bambaI, 1944 : vastupAla, bI0 DI0 dalAla dvArA sampAdita, bar3audA, 1916 : zrI caritra smAraka granthamAlA, vIramagAma, kra0 gujarAta, 1933 : muni jinavijaya dvArA sampAdita, sindhI jaina granthamAlA, kra0 2, kalakattA 1936 : saMkalanakartA AcArya hastImala, jaina itihAsa nirmANa samiti, jayapura, 1968

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sandarbha grantha sUcI : 479 26. prabandha cintAmaNi 27. prabandha koza 28. prabhAvaka caritra 29. prAcIna tIrthamAlA saMgraha 30. ballabha bhAratI 31. bhaTTAraka paTTAvalI 32. yazastilaka aiNDa iNDiyana kalcara 33. mUlasaMgha paTTAvalI : merutuga, hajArI prasAda dvivedI dvArA anuvAda, sindhI jaina granthamAlA, kra0 3, bambaI, 1940 : rAjazekhara, muni jinavijaya dvArA sampAdita, sindhI jaina granthamAlA, kra0 6, zAntiniketana, 1935 : prabhAcandra, muni jinavijaya dvArA sampAdita, sindhI jaina granthamAlA, kra0 13, ahamadAbAda, 1940 : vijayadharma dvArA sampAdita, yazovijaya graMtha mAlA, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1978 : prathama khaNDa, mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara, jayapura, 1975 : vi0 saM0 1697 se vi0 saM0 1757 taka, sambhavanAtha mandira, udayapura kA grantha saMkhyA 439 : heNDikvi, jovarAja jaina granthamAlA, zolApura, 1949 : iNDiyana aiNTIkverI ke bhAga 20 evaM 21 meM prakAzita :: jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, 1914 : durgadeva, DaoN0 e0 esa0 gopani dvArA saMpAdita, sindhI jaina granthamAlA, kra0 21, bambaI, 1545 : jinaharSa, muni kIrtivijaya dvArA sampAdita, ahamadAbAda 1941 : jinaprabha sUri, muni jinavijaya dvArA saMpAdita, sindhI jaina granthamAlA, kra0 10, zAnti niketana, 1934 : hariSeNa, e0 ena0 upAdhye dvArA sampAdita, sindhI jaina granthamAlA, kra0 17, bambaI, 1943 : sampAdaka muni jina vijaya, bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI, 1960 34. ratnakaraMDa zrAvakAcAra 35. riztA samuccaya 36. vastupAla caritra 37. vividha tIrthakalpa 38. vRhat kathAkoza 39. vijJapti lekha saMgraha

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480 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 40. samarAicca kahA : haribhadra, jekobI dvArA sampAdita, biblio thekA iNDikA, kalakattA, 1926 41. saMbodha prakaraNa : haribhadra, jaina prantha prakAzaka sabhA, ahamadA bAda, vi0 saM0 1972 42. sakalatIrtha stotra : siddhasenasUri, gAyakavADa, orieNTala sirIja, 76, pR0 156 para prakAzita 43. satyapUriya mahAvIra utsAha : dhanapAla, jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka meM prakAzita 3, vi0 saM0 1983 (3) abhilekha sambandhI racanAe~: 1. abudAcala pradaziNA jaina lekha saMdoha 2. kaoNrapasa iskripzAnsa iNDikArama 3. jaina lekha saMgraha, bhAga : jayantavijaya dvArA sampAdita, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 2005 : tRtIya, phlITa dvArA sampAdita, kalakattA, 1888 : pUrNacandra nAhara dvArA sampAdita, kalakattA, 1918, 1929 : muni jinavijaya dvArA sampAdita, bhAvanagara, 1921 : hIrAlAla jaina dvArA saMpAdita, bambaI 1928 : vijayamUrti dvArA sampAdita, bambaI, 1950 : vijayamUrti dvArA sampAdita, bambaI, 1957 : rAmaballabha somANI, jayapura, 1982 4. jaina lekha saMgraha 5. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha-1 6. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha-2 7. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha-3 8. jaina iskripzansa oNpha rAjasthAna 9. prAcIna lekha saMgraha 10. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha 11 bIkAnera jaina lekha saMgraha : vidyAvijaya dvArA sampAdita, bhAvanagara, 1939 : upAdhyAya vinayasAgara, sumati sadana, koTA, 1953 : agaracanda evaM bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA dvArA sampAdita, kalakattA, vI0 ni0 saM0 2482 : jI0 eca0 ojhA dvArA sampAdita, ajamera, 1918 : sampAdaka daulatasiMha lor3hA, yatIndra sAhitya sadana ghAmaNiyA ( mevAr3a), 1951 12. bhAratIya lipimAlA 13. zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha

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sandarbha grantha sUcI : 481 (4) prazastiyoM sambandhI racanAe~ : 1. jaina grantha prazasti saMgraha, jugalakizora mukhtAra dvArA sampAdita, dillI, 1954 2. jaina pustaka prazasti saMgraha : muni jinavijaya dvArA sampAdita, sindhI jaina granthamAlA, kra0 18, ahamadAbAda, 1943 3. prazasti saMgraha : kastUracanda kAsalIvAla dvArA sampAdita, jayapura, 1950 4. prazasti saMgraha : bhujabali zAstrI dvArA sampAdita, ArA, vi0 saM0 1999 5. zrI prazasti saMgraha : amRtalAla maganalAla dvArA sampAdita, ahamadA bAda, vi0 saM0 1993 (5) graMtha sUcI: 1. Amera zAstra bhaNDAra kI sUcI : ke0 sI0 kAsalIvAla dvArA saMpAdita, jayapura, 2. e keTelaoNga oNpha menuskripTsa : lAlacaMdra bhagavAnadAsa gAMdhI dvArA saMpAdita, ___ ina do jaina bhaMDArsa eTa jaisa- : bar3audA, 1923 gAyakavAr3a orieNTala lamera sIrIz2a bhAga 21 3. e keTelaoNga oNpha menuskripTsa : lAlacandra bhagavAnadAsa gAMdhI dvArA saMpAdita, ina dI jaina bhaMDArsa eTa pATana : gAyakavAr3a orienTala sIrIz2a, bhAga 16, 1937 4. grantha nAmAvalI zrI ailaka pannAlAla digaMbara jaina sarasvatI bhavana, jhAlarApATana, vI0 ni0 saM0 2459 5. jaina grantha aura granthakAra : phatehacanda belAnI, banArasa, 1950 6. jaisalamera kA sUcIpatra : muni puNyavijaya dvArA saMpAdita, ahamadAbAda 7. jaina grantha bhaMDArsa ina rAja- : kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, sAhitya zodha sthAna vibhAga, zrI mahAvIrajI, jayapura, 1967 8. purAtana jaina vAkya sUcI : jugala kizora mukhtAra dvArA saMpAdita, sarasavA, 1950 9. rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra : bhAga 1,2,3,4 evaM 5, kastUracanda kAsa bhaNDAroM kI grantha sUcI lIvAla dvArA saMpAdita, jayapura, 1954 10. zrI khaMbhAta zAMtinAtha prAcIna : vijayakumudasUri dvArA saMpAdita, bambaI, tAr3apatrIya jaina jJAna bhaNDAroM 1942 kA sUcIpatra 31

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482 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 6. jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra sambandhI racanAe~ : 1. aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha : agaracanda nAhaTA dvArA saMpAdita, kalakattA, vi0 saM0 1994 2. jaina gurjara kaviyoM : mohanalAla dulIcanda desAI, bhAga 1, 2 va 3, bambaI, 1926, 1931 evaM 1944 3. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa : paM0 nAthUrAma premI, bambaI, 1942 4. jaina sAhitya no saMkSipta : mohana lAla dulIcanda desAI, bambaI, 1933 itihAsa 5. dI jainsa ina do hisTrI oNpha : viTaraniTja, ahamadAbAda, 1946 iNDiyana liTarecara 6. bhAratIya saMskRti ke vikAsa : bhAga 1 va 2, DaoN. nemIcanda zAstrI, ___ meM jaina vAMgamaya kA avadAna vArANasI, 1982 7. rAjasthAna kA jaina sAhitya : nAhaTA, bhAnAvata, kAsalIvAla, seThiyA Adi dvArA saMpAdita, prAkRta bhAratI, jayapura, 1977 8. rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI : agaracanda nAhaTA, rAdhAkRSNa prakAzana, dillI, gauravapUrNa paramparA 1967 9. rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hasta- : bhAga 2 evaM 4, agaracanda nAhaTA, udayapura, likhita granthoM kI khoja 1947, 1954 10. hindI jaina sAhitya kA kAmatA prasAda, kAzI, 1947 saMkSipta itihAsa 11. hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana : viTaraniTaja, miseja ketakara dvArA aMgrejI meM liTarecara anuvAda, 2 bhAga, kalakattA, 1927 evaM 1933 12. hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlana, : DaoN0 nemIcandra, bhAratIya jJAnapITha bhAga 1,2 7. jaina itihAsa viSayaka sAhitya : 1. agravAla jAti kA itihAsa : candrarAja bhaMDArI, brahmalAla sonI evaM kRSNa lAla guptA, bhAnapura, 1937 2. arbudAcala pradakSiNA : jayaMta vijaya, ahamadAbAda, vi0 saM0 2004 3. enzeNTa iNDiyA, bhAga 1, 2 : tribhuvanadAsa ela0 zAha0 bar3audA, 1939 evaM 3 4. ena epiToma oNpha jainijma : nAhara evaM ghoSa, kalakattA, 1937

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sandarbha grantha sUcI : 483 5. e zaoNrTa hisTrI oNpha dI : chogamala copar3A, kalakattA terApaMthI sekTa oNpha dI zvetAmbara jainsa 6. aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha : agaracanda nAhaTA, kalakattA, vi0 saM0 1994 7. enzeNTa siTIja aiMDa TAunsa : DaoN0 ke0 sI0 jaina, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, oNpha rAjasthAna naI dillI, 1972 8. osavAla jAti kA itihAsa : bhAga 1 evaM 2, bhAnupura, 1934 9. oNna dI iNDiyana sekTa oNpha : buhalara, laMdana, 1903 / / jainsa 10. khaMDaharoM kA vaibhava : muni kAMtisAgara, kAzI, 1953 11. khoja kI pagaDaMDiyAM : muni kAMtisAgara, kAzI, 1953 12. jainijma ina bihAra : jI0 sI0 rAya caudharI, paTanA, 1956 13. jainijma ina nAdarna iNDiyA : cimana je0 lAla zAha, laMdana, 1932 14. jainijma ina sAutha iNDiyA : pI0 bI0 desAI, zolApura, 1957 aiMDa sama jaina epigrAphsa / 15. jaina saMpradAya zikSA : yati zrIpata candra, bambaI, 1910 16. jaina tIrtha sarva saMgraha : bhAga 1, 2, ahamadAbAda, 1953 17. jaina sorseja oNpha dI hisTro : jyotiprasAda jaina, dillo ,1964 oNpha eMzeMTa iNDiyA 18. jaina tIrtha aura unakI yAtrA : kAmatAprasAda jaina, dillI, 1969 19. jaina tIrtha gAiDa zAMtivijaya, ahamadAbAda, 1910 20. jainijma ina rAjasthAna : DaoN0 ke0 sI0 jaina, zolApura, 1963 21. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa : muni hastImala, bhAga 1, 2, 3 evaM 4, jaina itihAsa samiti, jayapura, 1974 22. jainA sekTsa aiMDa skUlsa : muni uttamakamala jaina, dillI, 1975 23. jaina vIroM kA itihAsa aura : ayodhyAprasAda goyalIya, jaina mitramaMDala, hamArA patana ; darIbA, dillI, 1930 24. jaisalamera paMcatIrthI kA : muni prakAzavijaya, ajamera, 1973 itihAsa 25. jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa : bhAga 1 evaM 2, paramAnanda zAstrI, dillI, vI0ni0 saM0 2500 26. dAdA zrI jinakuzala sUri : agaracanda bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, kalakattA, vI. ni0 saM0 1996

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484 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 27. prAgvATa jAti kA itihAsa 28. pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa evaM mahilAe~ 29. bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI paramparA : jJAna sundara, kA itihAsa 30. bhArata ke prAcIna jaina tIrtha 31. bhaTTAraka saMpradAya : DaoN0 jagadIza candra jaina, banArasa, 1952 : vI0 pI0 joharA, purakara, zolApura, 1958 32. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma : DaoN0 horAlAla jaina, bhopAla, 1962 kA yogadAna 33. bhArata ke digaMbara jaina tIrtha 34. muMDasthala mahAtIrthaM 35. mahAkavi daulatarAma kAsa lIvAla : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva 36. yugapradhAna zrI jinacandrasUri 37. rAjapUtAne ke jaina vIra 38. rAjasthAna kA prAcIna jaina tIrtha kezorAyapATana 42. liTarerI sarkala oNpha vastupAla aiMDa iTsa kaoNnTribyUzana TU saMskRta liTarecara : daulatasiMha lor3hA, rANI ( mAravAr3a), 1953 : DaoN0 jyoti prasAda jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha vibhinna bhAga, phalodI, 1943 39. rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta : vyakti : DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, sAhitya zodha tva evaM kRtitva 40. rilijana aiMDa kalcara oNpha dI jainsa 41. lAipha oNpha hemacandra 44. sama DisTiMgvizDa jainsa 45. sUrIzvara aura samrAT akabara : bhAga 1-4, balabhadra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 1978 : muni vizAla vijaya, sirohI, 1962 : DaoN0 kastUra canda kAsalIvAla, jayapura : agaracanda, bha~vara lAla nAhaTA, kalakattA, vi0 saM0 1992 : ayodhyA prasAda goyalIya, dillI, 1933 : DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, bU~dI, 1985 vibhAga, zrImahAvIra jI, jayapura, 1967 : jyoti prasAda jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha : DaoN0 bhogIlAla je0 saMDesara, siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, kra0 33, bambaI 43. vIrazAsana ke prabhAvaka AcArya : kAsalIvAla, joharApurakara, bhAratIya jJAna : DaoN0 maNilAla paTela dvArA jarmana bhASA se anUdita, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda pITha prakAzana, 1975 : umarAva siMha ToMka, AgarA, 1918 munirAja vidyA vijaya, Agara, vi0 saM 1980

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sandarbha grantha sUcI : 485 46. zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra : muni ratnaprabha vijaya, 8 bhAga, ahamadAbAda, 1947 47. zrI jaina gotra saMgraha : paM0 hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1933 48. zrI kezariyA jI tIrtha kA candanamala, saDDi, 1933 itihAsa 49. zrI kAparaDA tIrtha kA saMkSipta : prakAzaka vyavasthApaka samiti, zrI kAparaDA itihAsa tIrtha, 1965 50. zAMkaMbharI pradeza ke sAMskRtika : DaoN0 kastura canda kAsalIvAla, kizanagar3ha, vikAsa meM jainadharma kA 1974 yogadAna 8. itihAsa viSayaka racanAe~: 1. ajamera hisTaoNrikala eMDa haribilAsa zAradA, ajamera, 1941 ___ DeskrapTiva 2. akabara : dI greTa mugala : viseMTa e0 smitha, oNksaphorDa, 1917 3. arlI cauhAna DAinesTIz2a : DaoN0 dazaratha zarmA, dillI, 1959 4. udayapura rAjya kA itihAsa : jI0 eca0 ojhA, ajamera, vi0 saM 1985 5. enalsa aiMDa eMTikviTIja : karnala TaoNDa, bambaI, 1920 oNpha rAjasthAna, 3 bhAga 6. ojhA nibaMdha saMgraha : bhAga 1, 2, 3 evaM 4, udayapura, 1954 7. koTA rAjya kA itihAsa : mathurAlAla zarmA, koTA, 1939 8. jaisalamera rAjya kA itihAsa : mAMgIlAla mayaMka, rAjasthAnI granthAgAra, jodhapura, 1984 9. Trevalsa ina vesTarna iNDiyA : karnala TaoNDa 10. DUMgarapura rAjya kA itihAsa : jI0 eca0 ojhA, ajamera, 1936 11. DAinesTika hisTrI oNpha nArdarna : eca0 sI0 rAya0, 2 bhAga, kalakattA, iNDiyA 1931, 1936 12. dI kaimbrija hisTrI oNpha : I0 je0 repsana dvArA saMpAdita, kaimbrija, iNDiyA, bhAga 1 1922 13. dI arlI hisTrI oNpha iNDiyA : viseMTa e. smitha, caturtha saMskaraNa, oNksa phorDa, 1924 14. dI glorI daiTa vAja gurjara deza : ke0 ema0 muMzI, bambaI, 1955 15. pratApagar3ha rAjya kA itihAsa : jI0 eca0 ojhA, ajamera, 1941 16. bAMsavAr3A rAjya kA itihAsa : jI0 eca0 ojhA, ajamera, 1937

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486 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 17. bIkAnera rAjya kA itihAsa 18. muhaNota naiNasI rI khyAta 19. mahArANA kuMbhA aura unakA kAla 20. mAravAr3a rAjya kA itihAsa 21. rAjapUtAnA kA itihAsa 22. rAjasthAna thrU da ejez2a 23. rAjasthAna kA itihAsa 24. rAjasthAna kA rAjanItika evaM sAMskRtika itihAsa 25. vIra vinoda 26. hindU poliTI 27. hisTrI oNpha sirohI rAjya 28. sirohI rAjya kA itihAsa (9) jainakalA evaM purAtatva : 1. AkRti 2. ikonogrAphI oNpha da jaina goDesa ambikA 3. ikonogrAphI oNpha da jaina goDeza sarasvatI 4. enzeNTa vijJapti patrAja 5. jaina ikonogrAphI 6. jaina miniecara peMTiMgz2a phraoNma vesTarna iNDiyA 7. jaisalamera nI citra samRddhi 8. jaina citrakalpadruma 9. jaina sthApatya evaM kalA : jI0 eca0 ojhA, ajamera, 1939 : rAmanAtha duggar3a dvArA anUdita 2 bhAga, udayapura, vi0 saM0 1991 : DaoN0 tArAmaMgala, rAjasthAnI granthAgAra, jodhapura, 1984 : jI0 eca0 ojhA, ajamera, 1938 : jI0 eca0 ojhA, ajamera, 1937 : dazaratha- zarmA, bIkAnera, 1966 : gopInAtha zarmA, dillI, 1981 : guptA evaM ojhA, jodhapura, 1986 : zyAmala dAsa, udayapura : jAyasavAla, kalakattA, 1924 : sItArAma, ilAhAbAda, 1930 : jI0 eca0 ojhA, ajamera, 1937 : vibhinna aMka, rAjasthAna lalita kalA akAdamI, jayapura : umAkAnta pI0 zAha, bar3audA, 1940 : umAkAnta pI0 zAha, bar3audA, 1931 : hIrAnanda zAstrI dvArA sampAdita, bar3audA, 1942 : bhaTTAcArya, lAhaura, 1939 : DA~0 motIcandra, ahamadAbAda, 1949 : muni puNyavijaya dvArA sampAdita, ahamadAbAda, 1951 : sArAbhAI navAba dvArA sampAdita, ahamadAbAda, 1936 : bhAga 1, 2 va 3, mUla sampAdaka amalAnanda ghoSa, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 1975

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10. jaina ArTa eNDa ArkiTekcara 11. TeMpalsa oNpha naoNrtha iNDiyA 12. dI ArTa eNDa ArkiTekcara oNpha bIkAnera sTeTa 13. dI jaina stUpa aiNDa adara aiNTikviTIja oNpha mathurA 14. pavitra kalpasUtra 15. prAsAda maMDana 16. bhAratIya citrakalA kA saMkSipta itihAsa 17. bhAratIya mUrtikalA 18. bhAratIya kalA kA adhyayana 19. bhAratIya mUrtikalA 20. bhArata kI citrakalA 21. madhyaprAMta, madhyabhArata aura rAjapUtAnA ke prAcIna jaina smAraka 22. madhyakAlIna bhAratIya kalAe~ evaM unakA vikAsa 23. rAjasthAna ko laghucitra zailiyA~ 1959 25. sTaDIz2a ina jaina ArTa 26. sTorI oNpha kAlakA sandarbha grantha sUcI : 487 : Ara0 sI0 dvivedI, seNTara phaoNra jana sTaDIz2a, yUnivarsiTI oNpha rAjasthAna, jayapura : bhArata sarakAra kA prakAzana, 1959 : haramana goeTja, oNksaphorDa, 1950 : viseNTa smitha, ilAhAbAda, 1901 : munipuNya vijaya dvArA sampAdita, ahamadAbAda, 1952 : anuvAdaka va sampAdaka, bhagavAna dAsa jaina, jayapura, 1963 : vAcaspati gairolA, ahamadAbAda, : DaoN0 ramAnAtha mizra, grantha bhAratI, dillI, 1978 : nihAraraMjana rAya, dillI, 1978 : rAya kRSNadAsa, 1972 nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, 24. lalitakalA, aMka 6, akTUbara : lalita kalA akAdamI, jayapura banArasa, 1973 : rAya kRSNadAsa, bhAratI bhaMDAra, ilAhAbAda, 1974 : sItala prasAda, sUrata, 1926 : DaoN0 rAmanAtha, rAjasthAna hindI grantha akAdama, jayapura, 1973 : sampAdaka premacanda gosvAmI, rAjasthAna lalita kalA akAdamI, jayapura, 1972 : yU0 pI0 zAha, banArasa, 1955 : naoNramana brAuna dvArA sampAdita, vAziMgaTana, 1933 27. sTaDIz2a ina iNDiyana peMTiMgja : ena0 sI0 mehatA, bambaI, 1926

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vaibhava 488 : madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 28. hisTrI oNpha iNDiyA aiNDa : jemsa phagryusana, bhAga 1 va 2, landana, 1910 ArkiTekcara (10) sAmAnya sAhitya : 1. abuMda maNDala kA sAMskRtika : DaoN0 sohana lAla paTanA, sirohI, 1984 vaibhava 2. apanA rAjasthAna : prakAza nArAyaNa nATANI, jayapura, 1984 3. e bibliogrAphI oNpha : gopInAtha zarmA lakSmInArAyaNa agravAla, miDAivala rAjasthAna AgarA, 1965 4. gajeTiyara oNpha bIkAnera : ke0 DI0 eskina, ajamera, 1910 sTeTa 5. gajeTiyara sirohI sTeTa : ke0 DI0 eskina, ajamera, 1910 6. jainA bibliogrAphI : choTelAla jaina, kalakattA, 1945 / / 7. jainAcArya zrI AtmAnanda : mohanalAla-dulIcanda desAI dvArA saMpAdita, ___ seMTenarI komemorezana vaulyUma bambaI, 1936 8. jaina saMskRti aura rAjasthAna : pradhAna saMpAdaka narendra bhAnAvata, prakAzaka samyaka jJAna pracAraka maMDala, jayapura, 1975 9. jaisalamera digdarzana : dInadayAla ojhA, mUmala prakAzana, jaisalamera 10. jaina tIrtha sthAna jaisalamera : dInadayAla ojhA, mUmala prakAzana, jaisalamera 11. pITarasansa riporTsa :1882, 83, 84, bambaI 12. premI abhinandana grantha : bambaI, 1946 13. paM0 cainasukhadAsa nyAyamUrti : prakAzaka digaMbara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI ___ smRti grantha mahAvIra jI, jayapura, 1976 14. bhAratIya saMskRti kA vikAsa : satyaketu vidyAlaMkAra, zrI sarasvatI sadana, __ masUrI, 1979 15. bhAratIya dharma evaM saMskRti : buddha prakAza, mInAkSI prakAzana, meraTha 16. bhAratIya purAtatva : purAtatvAcArya muni jina vijaya abhinandana grantha, prakAzaka muni jinavijaya sammAna samiti, jayapura, 1971 17. muni zrI hajArImala smRtigrantha : prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1965 18. maNidhArI zrI jinacandrasUri : saMpAdaka agaracanda-bhaMvaralAla nAdaTA, rAma aSTama za0 smRti grantha nagara, naI dillI, 1971

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sandarbha grantha sUcI : 489 19. riporTa oNna dI leMDa Tenyorsa : sI0 yU0 vilsa, jayapura 1933 eMDa spezala pAvarsa oNna sarTana ThikAnedAsa oNpha dI jayapura sTeTa 20. rAjasthAna vaibhava : pradhAna saMpAdaka trilokInAtha caturvedI, bhAratIya ___ saMskRti evaM saMvardhana pariSada, naI dillI 21. rAjasthAna ke itihAsa ke : DaoN. gopInAtha zarmA, rAjasthAna hindI grantha srota akAdamI, jayapura, 1973 22. rAjasthAna ke aitihAsika zodha : rAmaballabha somANI, rAjasthAnI granthAgAra, lekha jodhapura, 1969 23. rAjasthAnI jAtiyoM kI khoja : ramezacanda guNArthI, ajamera, 1965 24. rAjasthAna ke loka tIrtha : vedavyAsa maheMdra jaina, kathAloka prakAzana, jayapura, 1971 25. vIra nirmANa smArikA : prakAzaka rAjasthAna prAMtIya bhagavAn mahAvIra (vibhinna aMka) 2500 vA~ nirvANa mahotsava mahAsamiti, jayapura 26. zrImada rAjendrasUri smAraka : Ahora, vi0 saM0 2013 grantha 17. zrI mahArAvala rajata jayantI : silvara jubalI komemorezana vaoNlyUma kameTI, abhinaMdana grantha DUgarapura, 1947 28. zrI yatIndrasUri abhinaMdana : zrI saudharma vRhattapAgacchIya zvetAMbara zrI grantha saMgha dvArA prakAzita, bar3audA, 1958 29. sorseja phaoNra kalcarala hisTrI : DaoN0 rAmapAMDe, zodhaka, jayapura, 1983 __ oNpha rAjasthAna 31. hisTrI oNpha iNDiyA ez2a : iliyaTa eMDa DAusana dvArA saMpAdita, laMdana, TolDa bAi iTsa oNna hisTo. 1906-07 riyansa 11. jaranala : 1. ArkiyolaoNjikala sarve ripoTsa, kaniMghama 2. AkiyolaoNjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA, enyuala ripoTsa 3. iNDiyana hisTorikala kvATaralI, kalakattA 4. enyuala, progresa, riporTa oNpha ArkiyolaoNjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA, vesTana sarkala, pUnA, baoNmbe

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490 ; madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma 5. enyuala riporTa, rAjapUtAnA myUjiyama, ajamera 6. epigrAphikA iNDikA, UTakamaMDa 7. jaranala oNpha dI eziyATika sosAiTI oNpha beMgAla 8. jaranala oNpha do rAyala eziyATika sosAiTI oNpha laMdana 9. jaranala oNpha dI bihAra aiMDa orisA risarca sosAiTI, paTanA 10. jaranala oNpha dI bihAra risarca sosAiTo, paTanA 11. jaranala oNpha dI rAjasthAna iMsTITyUTa oNpha hisTorikala risarca, jayapara 12. jainA eMTIkverI, ArA 13. dI risarcara, jayapura 14. prosIDiMgsa oNpha da iNDiyana hisTrI kAMgresa 15. maoNDarna rivyU, kalakattA 12. hindI patrikAe~ : 1. anekAMta, dillI 2. arAvalI, alavara 3. avaMtikA, paTanA 4. jaina bhArato, kalakattA 5. jaina satyaprakAza, ahamadAbAda 6. jaina siddhAMta bhAskara, ArA 7. janamana, ajamera 8. nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA, banArasa 9. bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI 10. maru bhAratI, pilAnI 11. mahAvIra jayantI smArikA, jayapura 12. rAjasthAnI bhAratI, bIkAnera 13. vIravAnI, jayapura 14. zodha patrikA, udayapura 15. jJAnodaya, banArasa

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